PMID- 7320331 TI - Isolation and identification of a new conjugated carbofuran metabolite in carrots: angelic acid ester of 3-hydroxycarbofuran. PMID- 7320332 TI - A method for determining fenamiphos and its sulfoxide and sulfone in plants and soil. PMID- 7320333 TI - Metabolism of N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalamic acid (techlofthalam) in paddy soil and rice. PMID- 7320334 TI - Effect of hybrids with different levels of susceptibility to second-generation European corn borers on aflatoxin contamination in corn. PMID- 7320335 TI - Caloric utilization and disposition of [14C]polydextrose in the rat. PMID- 7320336 TI - Sterols, esterified sterols, and glycosylated sterols of cow pea lipids (Vigna uguiculata). PMID- 7320337 TI - Study of gamma-irradiated starches derived from different foodstuffs: a way for extrapolating wholesomeness data. PMID- 7320338 TI - Studies on the proteins of poppy seed (Papaver somniferum L.). PMID- 7320339 TI - Glucosinolates in crucifer vegetables: turnips and rutabagas. PMID- 7320340 TI - Isolation, partial characterization, and antinutritional activity of a factor (pentosans) in rye grain. PMID- 7320341 TI - Nutrient composition of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) grains and malt. PMID- 7320342 TI - Specific toxicity of paralytic shellfish poisons. PMID- 7320343 TI - Vitamin A value of sweet corn. PMID- 7320344 TI - Age-specific changes of polypeptides in peanut leaves. PMID- 7320346 TI - Symposium on parent, child and reciprocal influences: new experimental approaches. PMID- 7320345 TI - Symposium on parent, child, and reciprocal influences: new experimental approaches. Introduction. PMID- 7320347 TI - The use of psychopharmacology to study reciprocal influences in parent-child interaction. AB - The present paper reviews the possible utility and limitations of using behavior modifying drugs to study reciprocal influences in parent-child interactions. Ideal circumstances for use of this approach are outlined and contrasted with the current status of the field of psychopharmacology. Numerous limitations to the approach are found. Yet the utility of the design is demonstrated in several studies of stimulant drug effects on the mother-child interactions of hyperactive children, and in one pilot study of the effects of diazepam, an anxiolytic, on these same interactions. The major pitfalls to this approach will quite likely be overcome by future research and the development of safer, more highly specific behavior-modifying drugs. PMID- 7320348 TI - The study of reciprocal influences through experimental modification of social interaction between functional adult-child pairs. AB - Studies using the Functional Pairs Approach to the study of socialization processes are reviewed, and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. By staging social encounters between children and biologically unrelated adults, this approach can achieve excellent isolation of causal effects involving a wide range of behaviors. Its main limitation concerns the extent to which the results obtained from staged interactions between unfamiliar children and adults generalize to real parent-child relations. Through careful construction of experimental situations, this limitation can be partially overcome. Ultimately, the choice of a method will depend on several considerations, including the complexity of the behavior to be manipulated and the relative importance of generalizability versus clear isolation of effects. The decisions involved in investigating causal influences between parents and children are summarized in a flow chart. PMID- 7320349 TI - Isolating causal effects through experimental changes in parent-child interaction. AB - A distinction is made between functional and intentional control in parent-child interaction. These concepts are drawn, respectively, from operant and cognitive models of interaction process. Experimental evidence is presented that cognitive factors such as expectations or hypotheses indeed affect the relations between parents and their own children. This necessitates a further distinction between long-term and short-term causal effects: Since changes in parents' expectations for their children may lag behind actual changes in children's behavior, short term effects inferred from observations of ongoing interactions may not reflect the long-term dynamics of the relationship. PMID- 7320350 TI - Adult individual differences as moderators of child effects. AB - Experimentally varying child behavior stimuli and then assessing the extent to which adult individual differences (especially in cognitions) moderate the effect of the child on the adult is a variation on the usual methods in child effects research. This method allows description of the role of child effects in more complex adult-child systems. Existing literature incorporating this approach is reviewed, with emphasis on the moderating effects of sex, personality, and perceptions. A previously unreported study is described as an example of a multivariate approach to exploring the relationships between adult individual differences and the effects of infant stimuli. The study suggests that experienced caregivers who do not have much liking for infants see themselves as likely to provide appropriate, but minimally social care for an infant. Conversely, the study suggests that inexperienced adults who like infants very much see themselves as providing more extensive and social caregiving, although it would not always be appropriate to the infant's state. PMID- 7320351 TI - Four new research approaches to socialization: an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 7320352 TI - Congruence of parents' and teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems. AB - This study compared parents' and teachers' perceptions of behavior disorders in 1,008 white children enrolled in kindergarten through eighth grade. Data included background information and ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist. For the most part, parents perceived more problems in their children than did teachers. Parents and teachers tended to agree that boys exhibited more deviant behavior than girls and that youngsters from the higher social classes had fewer disorders than those from the lower classes. Parent and teacher judgments were somewhat alike in that both groups tended to observe a pattern in the development of problems that first increased then decreased or first increased then decreased and leveled off across grades. Trends were more gradual for parents and sharper for teachers, or declines were not seen by parents that were seen by teachers. Bivariate correlations between parents' and teachers' evaluations were significant by low or low to moderate. Mother-teacher and father-teacher coefficients differed on Socialized Delinquency but were similar on the other behavioral dimensions. Although significant interactions of parent-teacher relationships with sex and grade were infrequent, correlations between ratings by the two groups of informants were higher for boys than for girls; and correlations between parent and teacher judgments were lower for early grades than for later grades. PMID- 7320353 TI - Televised classroom events as distractors for reading-disabled children. AB - Three experiments examined the influence of videotaped classroom events on the academic performance and study behavior of reading-disabled and normally reading children in grades 1 through 6. In experiments 1 and 2a an experimenter controlled presentation of these distractors resulted in performance decrements, the magnitude of which was greater for higher difficulty tasks. The distractor effects were similar for the two groups in this condition. However, when the children themselves were allowed to control their degree of exposure to the same distractors in experiment 2b, the reading-disabled children were less likely to act to escape the distraction. Results are discussed in terms of children's metacognitive awareness of distraction, and implications for the classroom are considered. PMID- 7320354 TI - A multitrait-multimethod analysis of variance of teachers' ratings of aggression, hyperactivity, and inattention. AB - The convergent and discriminant validities of three teacher rating scale measures of the traits of hyperactivity, aggression, and inattention were explored, using the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach of Campbell and Fiske (1959), as well as an analysis of variance procedure (Stanley, 1961). In the present study teachers rated children from their elementary school classrooms on the above traits. The results provided strong evidence for convergent validity. Data also indicated that these traits can be reliable differentiated by teachers, suggesting that research aimed at better understanding the unique contributions of hyperactivity, aggression, and inattention is warranted. The respective benefits of analyzing multitrait-multimethod matrices by employing the ANOVA procedure or by using the Campbell and Fiske (1959) criteria were discussed. PMID- 7320355 TI - Cognitive self-instruction for the control of impulsive classroom behavior: ensuring the treatment package. AB - The practical utility of cognitive self-instruction training in facilitating the work habits and academic performance of impulsive first-graders was assessed in the context of the regular classroom. The training paradigm was modified and environmental conditions were arranged to facilitate the transfer of the cognitive self-instruction strategy to the classroom. Following training, there were no significant increases in on-task behavior or in academic performance within the context of a group design . On the basis of this and other studies, a drastic revision of the cognitive self-instruction paradigm seems indicated. Not only must training become broader based, but models must be developed that take into account the requisite cognitive processes for task completion as well as the cognitive abilities of the youngsters to whom training is addressed. In general, the incorporation of information from the developmental and cognitive process literature would appear to facilitate the development of more effective training models. PMID- 7320356 TI - Parent and child causal attributions related to the child's clinical problem. AB - Parents and children were asked to give causal attributions related to the child's learning or behavior problems and an area of success. Actor-observer differences and tendencies of actors to make differential attributions for their positive and negative outcomes were examined. A significant number of parents and children were in disagreement regarding the cause of the child's problem. Parents made significantly more internal than external attributions for children's presenting problems. In contrast, children were evenly distributed in problem attributions. Both parents and children made significantly more internal success attributions. Research with clinical child populations is highlighted as a valuable way to validate, expand, and refine attribution theory while clarifying its practical applications. PMID- 7320357 TI - Factor structure of classroom behavior problems for mainstreamed and regular students. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the factor structure of behavior exhibited in the regular classroom in order to provide a conceptual framework for classifying problem behavior relevant to the classroom setting, and (2) to determine the extent to which the factors generated from ratings of regular classroom children are similar to those generated from ratings of mainstreamed special education children. Thirty-five elementary-school teachers completed behavior ratings for all of their 876 students utilizing a group administered adapted version of the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale. The factor analysis yielded five factors defined as Conduct Problem, Personality Problem, Adaptive Classroom Behavior, Inadequacy-Immaturity, and Achievement Anxiety. Coefficients of factorial congruence confirmed the similarity between the pattern generated from ratings of regular students and that of mainstreamed students. PMID- 7320358 TI - Behavior problems of elementary-school children. AB - Normative or baseline data are presented on a modified (shortened) form of the Peterson-Quay Behavior Problem Checklist. Scores on the two primary factors, Conduct and Personality, were obtained on an entire public elementary-school population (approximately 25,000 children) in a medium-sized midwestern city (Des Moines, Iowa). The data presented are categorized by sex, grade level, and intellectual level. Percentages of children checked on each checklist item and on given numbers of items are also presented. PMID- 7320359 TI - New realities: the challenge to change. PMID- 7320360 TI - Does your utilization curve match your clinic philosophy? PMID- 7320361 TI - Emerging ethical issues in college mental health services. PMID- 7320362 TI - The evolution of an eye care program at a university health service. PMID- 7320363 TI - Modularized stress management for reduction of predicted illness. PMID- 7320364 TI - The college years as a mini-life cycle: developmental tasks and adaptive options. PMID- 7320365 TI - A collegiate group for the sons and daughters of alcoholics. PMID- 7320367 TI - Continuing education for the professional staff at the University of Maryland Health Center. PMID- 7320366 TI - The sexually liberated college student--fact or fancy. PMID- 7320368 TI - Clerical training in patient interactions. PMID- 7320369 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen as the presenting event in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7320370 TI - Patient preference for a progressive addition multifocal lens (Varilux2) vs a standard multifocal lens design (ST-25). AB - Patient preference for the Varilux2 lens, a progressive addition multifocal lens, was compared to that of a standard straight-top 25 multifocal. Forty-eight first time multifocal candidates were fitted with both lens designs, which were then each worn for two three-week periods in succession. The subjects were then asked to state their preference by choosing the lens design they would prefer to continue to wear. Twenty-five of the 48 subjects (52%) preferred the Varilux2 lens design (as compared to the ST-25). The results indicate that the Varilux2 progressive addition lens design is an acceptable method of correction for first time multifocal candidates. The study analyzes patient factors (sex, refractive error, addition power, etc.) in relation to final lens design selection. PMID- 7320371 TI - An optometric approach to the rehabilitation of the stroke patient. PMID- 7320372 TI - Monocular fixation in a binocular field. PMID- 7320373 TI - Clues to cerebrovascular insufficiencies. PMID- 7320374 TI - The optometric residency-some philosophical and practical considerations. PMID- 7320375 TI - Inferior altitudinal losses and prismatic correction. PMID- 7320376 TI - Malignant Melanoma. PMID- 7320377 TI - A suggestion for eye examination record forms. PMID- 7320378 TI - The functional management of ocular myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7320379 TI - A retinoscopic method of assessing accommodative performance of young human infants. AB - A retinoscopic method of assessing changes of the accommodative status of the young human infant with changes of the stimulus viewing distance id described. This method utilized dynamic retinoscopy and a series of patterned visual stimuli. Vertical, above-threshold, squarewave gratings presented at viewing distances of from 10 through 50 centimeters were utilized as fixation and accommodation stimuli. During fixation of the stimuli by the infants, the refractive state of the eyes was determined by location of the conjugate retinal focus. Comparison of the refractive state of the eye to the magnitude of the accommodative stimulus at a particular viewing distance can be utilized as an index of the accuracy of the accommodative response. The applicability of this retinoscopic method to private clinical practice is discussed. PMID- 7320380 TI - Low cost random access acuity projector. PMID- 7320382 TI - The clinical calculation of fixation disparity. PMID- 7320381 TI - Modification of the RanDot stereogram for greater clinical reliability. PMID- 7320383 TI - Dynamic visual acuity: a review. PMID- 7320384 TI - A new model of functional astigmatism. PMID- 7320385 TI - Sports vision. PMID- 7320386 TI - Esotropia, exotropia and cognitive/perceptual style. AB - In order to assess differences in cognitive/perceptual style between esotropes and exotropes, the Childrens' Embedded Figures Test was administered to a sample of young male and female strabismics. Significant differences in performance were found among the male subjects, indicating a tendency for esotropes to demonstrate a more analytical, highly differentiated style than do exotropes. These differences were not found among females, perhaps related to differences in the nature of cerebral hemispheric specialization. PMID- 7320387 TI - Horner's syndrome and the ultraviolet light as an aid in its detection. PMID- 7320388 TI - Optometry at the 1980 Winter Olympics. PMID- 7320389 TI - The visual and visual motor integrative space-span perceptual welding screening. PMID- 7320390 TI - Optometry in the Philippines. PMID- 7320391 TI - Prepapillary annular opacity in the diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment. PMID- 7320392 TI - A disguised case of digoxin toxicity. PMID- 7320393 TI - Neuropathy, angiopathy, and sepsis in the diabetic foot. Part two: angiography. PMID- 7320394 TI - Synovial chondromatosis of the ankle. A case report. PMID- 7320395 TI - The use of amniotic membrane grafting in podiatric office practice. PMID- 7320398 TI - Arthroereisis update. PMID- 7320397 TI - Anti-inflammatory effect of tryptophan in Selye pouch. PMID- 7320396 TI - Universal forefoot ankyloses associated with Reiter's syndrome. A case report. PMID- 7320399 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. A digital case and literature review. PMID- 7320400 TI - The paranoid adolescent as viewed through psychoanalysis. PMID- 7320401 TI - Object inconstancy and paranoid conspiracy. PMID- 7320402 TI - The unobjectionable part of the transference. AB - Even those aspects of transference which initially favor the analytic process and seem to have the least connection with resistance do become integral parts of the transference neurosis and contribute massively to some of the most subtle difficulties in the process, especially in its resolution. These phenomena are, by their very appearance of rationality and cooperation, all the more difficult to bring under analytic scrutiny. They operate as resistances not only to the analysis of preoedipal conflicts, but even more effectively in the case of neurotic disorders centered on inadequate resolution of oedipal conflicts, i.e., in the so-called classical neurosis, "the case of the ideal analytic patient." I suggest, therefore, that the appearance of the "unobjectionable component" be regarded not only as a welcome manifestation of certain conflict-free psychic elements, but also as the manifest resultant of a complex web of unconscious conflicts which must be, and are capable of being, sought for and described. Further, that their analysis may be facilitated by the use of a process analogous to that employed in the analysis of dreams, particularly with respect to secondary revision. Finally, I have emphasized that these aspects of transference, which we are tempted to explain, and in effect dismiss, by reductionist references to early development, be regarded rather as the complex resultant of a prolonged historical experience, and that they be so interpreted. PMID- 7320403 TI - Sexualization as a predominant mode of defense. PMID- 7320404 TI - Metapsychology - who needs it? PMID- 7320405 TI - Screen memories and termination of a psychoanalysis: a preliminary communication. PMID- 7320406 TI - [Malignant lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma of the orbit and conjunctiva (author's transl)]. AB - New functional classifications of malignant lymphomas have demonstrated the relative frequency of malignant lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma of the orbit. The tumors, which show the particular characteristic of secreting monoclonal immunoglobulins, and which may follow a Sjogren's syndrome or a pseudolymphoma, could represent a localized form of Waldenstrom's disease. They have a relatively favorable prognosis, however, if recognized at a sufficiently early stage. PMID- 7320407 TI - [Classification of choroidal melanomas. Histological prognostic factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320408 TI - [Treatment of non-traumatic obstructions of the lacrimal canal by permanent nasolacrimal drains (author's transl)]. AB - Non-invasive treatment was employed in ten consecutive cases of obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct with epiphora: forceful probing and reconstruction of the nasolacrimal duct with a Teflon tube introduced through the nasal opening of the duct. Results appear to be very promising. PMID- 7320409 TI - [The eye and hemispheric dominance (author's transl)]. AB - Determining whether a subject is left--or right--handed is a problem usually entrusted to a neurologist, psychologist, or orthophonist. The ophthalmologist is also involved, however, evaluating which is the dominant eye being an important feature of the examination. At the present time, the study of conjugated ocular movements appears to be the most reliable method for detecting hemispheric lateralisation. PMID- 7320410 TI - [Conjunctival ocular myosis (Oesterus ovis) about 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Conjunctival lesions are the most frequent expression of ocular myiasis encountered in the Mediterranean region. Presenting typically with inflamed and oedematous eyes, and superficial corneal erosions, these affections are rarely diagnosed as they are excluded from the differential diagnosis. Early, adequate treatment will prevent major complications. PMID- 7320411 TI - [Repeat flash static perimetry according to Enoch: a simple technique for evaluating neuro-ophthalmological patients (author's transl)]. AB - A static perimetry technique is described, which was first introduced by Enoch. The test-target is flashing and the increment threshold is recorded continuously for five minutes. In this way, using a commercially available Goldmann perimeter, it is possible to find a time-dependent decrease in sensitivity in patients with lesions of the optic pathways. No significant loss in sensitivity is found in patients with pre-disc pathologies, who show visual field deficits. This drop in sensitivity is at least of one log unit. The phenomenon is considered to be a "fatigue" in transmission of visual information and is presumably due to lesions in the conduction system (myelin). The test, which is easily performable, can be used follow-up the lesion: when this resolves, the decrease in sensitivity also disappears. Two patients with retro-bulbar neuritis with the typical characteristics of the above mention phenomenon are presented. PMID- 7320412 TI - [Prostaglandins assay in human aqueous humor after I.O.L. implantation: effects of indomethacin (author's transl)]. AB - Aqueous humor of 26 patients was collected just before surgery and on the 5th postoperative day. PGE2 levels increase if there is no specific treatment, but if indomethacin is systematically given before and after surgery there is no significant increase in PGE2 levels. The effect of indomethacin is exactly the same in human eyes as in rabbit eyes. PMID- 7320413 TI - [The eye and cavernous sinus disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The extradural cavernous space lies in relation to the body of the sphenoid and is in direct communication with the orbit through the sphenoidal fissure. Its importance resides in the fact that it is traversed by various elements: internal carotid, and motor and sensory orbit nerves, but also the fundamental venous confluent of the middle stage of the base of the cranium represented by the cavernous sinus. Clinical symptoms of lesions in this region are determined by the respective positions and anatomical relationships of these different structures. Diagnosis can be established by computed tomography, carotid angiography, and orbital phlebography examinations. Whereas cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis is now very rarely observed, "intrinsic" pathological processes detected involve mainly intracavernous carotid aneurysms and carotidocavernous fistulae. The identification of the internal carotid intracavernous collaterals, and the increased knowledge of hemodynamic modifications resulting from carotidocavernous fistulae has led to the development of more appropriate endovascular surgical techniques. These include both elective obstruction of the fistula and the suppression of its various sources of supply. "Extrinsic" lesions of various origins, represented by different tumors of the base of the cranium, and tumors of the nasal and retronasal spaces, particularly cancer of the cavum and metastases, make up the greater part of cavernous syndromes. PMID- 7320414 TI - Calcaneal osteotomy in the management of flexible and nonflexible flatfoot deformity: a preliminary report. AB - Posterior and anterior types of calcaneal osteotomy have proved successful in properly selected cases at Lindell Hospital. The procedures described provide an alternative method of management of flatfoot deformity in some cases and offer the advantage of not interfering directly with subtalar joint motion. Our preliminary results with 20 calcaneal osteotomies of the posterior type have been excellent to this time. In the postadolescent patient, the posterior calcaneal osteotomy (type II) offers a rapid means of gaining some degree of stability in significantly pronated subtalar joints in properly selected cases. In the younger patient, when indicated, posterior calcaneal osteotomy of either type I or type II offers the advantage of not introducing biomaterials with possible long-term sequelae, and it offers the additional advantage of not interfering directly with subtalar joint motion. PMID- 7320415 TI - Benign myxomas of the digits: a surgically resistant neoplasm. AB - Myxomas in subcutaneous tissue of the digits-especially the toes-are uncommon; however, when they occur they are difficult to eradicate and recurrences are frequent. In spite of this fact, the author believes that meticulous excision should be attempted if the lesion is painful, deforming, subject to trauma, or shows change in size or color. PMID- 7320416 TI - Noninvasive technique for the localization of radiopaque foreign bodies. AB - A noninvasive technique has been described, utilizing a sterile grid system for application to the lower extremity. This system is especially desirable because of its ease of employment, flexibility of technique, and nondependency of cumbersome or invasive uses of hypodermic needle landmarks. PMID- 7320417 TI - The use of gelfoam powder and betadine-saturated gauze in treatment of chronic ulcerations. PMID- 7320418 TI - Os interphalangeale II: A case report. PMID- 7320419 TI - The effect of power instrumentation on bone healing. AB - High speed rotary instrumentation became an important new facet to the practice of podiatry 15 years ago. The higher speed rotary burrs result in more frictional heating and leave smoother, less traumatic cut surfaces which result in rapid wound healing. Extreme caution must be taken to avoid excessive bone removal and bone necrosis which can result from overheating during the use of high speed burrs. PMID- 7320420 TI - Cosmetic surgical correction for forefoot anomaly secondary to a congenital shore hallux. PMID- 7320421 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of ankle pain and instability. PMID- 7320422 TI - Interpositional sphere implant in the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - The authors discuss the use of silicone implants for the correction of tailor's bunion deformity. A surgical procedure still in use, resection of the fifth metatarsal head, may result in complications such as transfer lesion, plantar spur formation of the metatarsal stump with an associated plantar hyperkeratotic lesion, and fifth digit retraction. They discuss a case in which the patient was suffering from a painful lesion under the fifth metatarsal head. He had undergone surgery for a similar condition 7 years previously. Dr. Petrich and Dr. Dull discuss the use of the implant and the surgical techniques that they used to correct the deformity. PMID- 7320423 TI - Calcinosis localisata: report of a case. AB - A case of calcinosis localisata in the foot is presented along with a history, physical examination, ex-rays, laboratory studies, and operative report. There is a discussion of soft tissue calcification, including a concentration on types seen in the foot. In addition, a differential diagnosis is thoroughly described and treatments are discussed. PMID- 7320424 TI - Congenital vertical talus and congenital calcaneovalgus deformity: a comparison. AB - It is essential to distinguish congenital vertical talus from calcaneovalgus deformity in infants as the proper treatment must begin at an early age. The key clinical finding in the differential diagnosis of flexible and rigid flatfoot conditions is the range of motion at the subtalar joint. In rigid flatfoot conditions, subtalar joint motion is impossible because of the rigidity of the deformity. Also, in the rigid type of deformity, the calcaneus will be in an equinus position. PMID- 7320425 TI - Acquired hallux varus: a new corrective procedure. AB - In hallux varus, which may be either congenital or acquired, the great toe deviates tibialward at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Dr. Wood discusses the acquired type and its causes and treatment. A new technique involving the surgical detachment from bone of all structures located superficial to the periosteum that surrounds the distal half of the shaft of the first metatarsal has been developed. It may be used in conjunction with the available soft tissue procedures before bone surgery for correction of the deformity, and it may make bone surgery unnecessary or alter the extent and scope of any required bone surgery. PMID- 7320426 TI - Bone healing after adjacent metatarsal osteotomies. AB - In this study, the authors reviewed the postoperative progress of 32 patients with simultaneous adjacent metatarsal osteotomies to determine the effect of surgical location on postoperative healing. Results of their study supported their suspicions that more bone callus was formed and edema was more prolonged when osteotomies of the same type were performed on adjacent metatarsal bases than when they were alternated (i.e., one at the surgical neck and the other at the adjacent metaphyseal base). PMID- 7320427 TI - Aneurysmal bone cysts with emphasis on roentgenologic diagnosis. AB - This paper was written to bring about an awareness of aneurysmal bone cysts--the etiology, signs and symptoms, and clinical manifestations. Emphasis is placed upon the roentgenologic appearance of bone tumors and the differentiation of aneurysmal cysts from other relatively common bone tumors. Treatment and pathologic interpretation are discussed briefly. PMID- 7320428 TI - Extraskeletal calcified synoviobursitis. AB - A large synoviobursitis calcified mass is not commonly seen in the digits of the foot. After injury, effusion subcutaneous hemorrhage and synovitis may occur with a fluctuating edema over the inflamed parts. In the later stages, a nodular type of increase in soft tissue density within the confines of the joint capsule may be the result of tumor formation. The mass may develop beyond capsular tissue and may resemble a synoviobursitis calcified mass. This must be considered in a differential diagnosis to rule out any malignant manifestation. PMID- 7320429 TI - Sequential metatarsal stress fractures after Keller arthroplasty with implant. AB - The occurrence of single stress fractures after Keller arthroplasties has been documented. This paper presents a case of sequential stress fractures of metatarsals two and three after Keller arthroplasty with hemi-phalangeal implant. It is the author's view that failure to recognize and properly treat the fracture of the second metatarsal led to the additional fracture of the third metatarsal. Furthermore, the use of a nonrigid orthotic with metatarsal padding is recommended postoperatively to decrease the probability of this complication. PMID- 7320430 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: diagnosis, treatment, and case report. AB - Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition in which, after undergoing necrosis, articular cartilage detaches and lodges in the contiguous joint. There are various theories as to the etiology, but Dr. Portillo believes that hereditary tendencies, trauma, and localized ischemia are among the causes. He describes a case that is typical except that the location is unusual. PMID- 7320431 TI - Vascular bone tumors and pseudotumors. PMID- 7320432 TI - Subacute anterior tibial compartment syndrome. AB - Although acute anterior tibial compartment syndrome has been discussed frequently in the literature, there are few reports on the subacute or chronic syndrome. This problem may result from running or strenuous exercise, or even from walking. Additional demands are placed on the muscles of the anterior compartment by exercise, and this may result in varying degrees of symptomatology. Rest, elevation of the limb, and ice packs should be included in the treatment of this condition. PMID- 7320433 TI - The diminished cardiac performance in severe thyrotoxicosis. Parabolic correlation of LVET/PEP to the circulating levels of thyroid hormones. AB - Fifteen patients with thyrotoxicosis, 8 patients with primary hypothyroidism and 15 normal subjects were studied to assess the correlation between systolic time intervals and serum levels of thyroid hormones. In hypothyroid patients, prolongation of PEPc (corrected pre-ejection period), shortening of LVETc (corrected left ventricular ejection time) and low values of LVET/PEP ratio and cardiac output were improved after restoration of thyroid function. In thyrotoxic patients, shortening of PEPc, high values of LVET/PEP ratio and cardiac output were normalized after correction of thyroid function. As contrasted with these observations, in 5 severely thyrotoxic patients, low values of LVET/PEP ratio and cardiac output for thyrotoxicosis were observed; these were not significantly decreased after antithyroid drug treatment, but appeared to have a tendency to increase. Performing polynomial regression analysis, a significant parabolic correlation was found between LVET/PEP and serum T4 or T3 (p less than 0.0001). From these results, it might be concluded that large amounts of thyroid hormones suppress cardiac performance. PMID- 7320434 TI - Endemic cretinism in Sicily. AB - This work reports the presence of endemic cretinism in a small district located inside an endemic goiter area in north-eastern Sicily, personally described. The study covers 19 mental defectives (11 females and 8 males, mean age 35.8 +/- 15.5 yr) selected on the basis of severe mental retardation recognized by the local doctors. No systematic survey for cretinism was carried out in the total population. Marked mental retardation was evident in all subjects. Nine of them exhibited clinical and biochemical signs of hypothyroidism (myxedematous cretins). The 10 others were clinically euthyroid and had deaf-mutism and/or pyramidal tract dysfunction (neurological cretinism). Familial aggregation of cretinism was also observed. In both myxedematous and neurological cretins and urinary iodine excretion was very low, but not significantly different from that recorded in the euthyroid controls of the same area. The data available do not clarify the pathogenesis of endemic cretinism in Sicily. However, the marked height retardation, the observation of delayed bone maturation and the severity of mental deficiency suggest that thyroid failure was present in early life. The presence of endemic cretinism today in Sicily constitutes a strong argument in favour of the immediate introduction of adequate iodine prophylaxis. PMID- 7320435 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in men with PRL-secreting tumors. AB - We studied the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system in 33 men with PRL-secreting tumors to determine at which level(s) high PRL levels interfere with testicular function. In basal conditions serum PRL levels ranged between 24-4500 ng/ml, serum LH and FSH concentrations were lower than normal in 61% and 39% of patients; low testosterone (T) levels and sexual impotence appeared more common (85% and 88%) than that we expected on the basis of gonadotropin deficiency. Mean T increase after hCG in 14 patients with prolactinomas was significantly less than in normals (3.3 +/- 0.7) ng/Ml vs 7.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml; p less than 0.025); a significantly higher T response to hCG was obtained in 5 cases retested after PRL levels had been reduced by therapy. GnRH test induced a normal LH rise in 45% of patients, Mean serum LH increase after clomiphene administration did not differ from that in normals, though 4 out of 10 patients showed an impared response. Metoclopramide injection did not cause a rise of LH in 11 patients so tested. These data, while not excluding a central influence of PRL on LHRH, suggest that in men the antigonadotropic effects of PRL are mainly exerted at the gonadal levels. PMID- 7320436 TI - Circadian rhythmicity of prolactin secretion in elderly subjects: changes during bromocriptine treatment. AB - Prolactin has been taken as an index of neuroendocrine function in aging, where dopaminergic neurotransmission in considered to be impared. The mean concentration of the hormone in the 24 h is higher in the aged men than in the adult controls. A sleep entrained periodicity is present in both aged subjects and controls, but a harmonic analysis of rhythmicity shows that secretory episodes have in aged men a slower periodicity than in adults. In aged men bromocriptine decreases the mean PRL values in the 24 h and the periodicity analysis shows the occurrence of harmonics with shorter period. PMID- 7320439 TI - Homologous radioimmunoassay for human mid-regional parathyroid hormone. AB - A radioimmunoassay, selective for the clinically important mid region of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), is reported. The synthetic 44-68 amino acid sequence (h44-68PTH) was used as both the standard and tracer material. This eliminated many of the undesirable characteristics associated with PTH assays the employ hormone of biological origin. These components allowed the detection of mid regional fragments present in both intact and fragmented hPTH, with a working range between 50 and 2500 pg/ml h44-68PTH. There was no interference from serum proteins and no significant cross reactivity to a range of N-terminal, C-terminal and other mid regional hPTH peptides. The assay proved to be rapid (total time 24 h) and was extremely reproducible, with an intraassay and interassay variation of 2.8% and 5.6% respectively (expressed as percentage SE in mean). The plasma concentration of normal subjects was established as 129 +/- 6 pg/ml (h44-68PTH) with a range of 50-300 pg/ml (n = 42). This assay, using fully synthetic hPTH peptides, was able to distinguish between euparathyroid and hyperparathyroid subjects, which suggests that the assay is of diagnostic value. PMID- 7320437 TI - Inhibition of peripheral deiodination of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine: an adverse effect of propylthiouracil in the treatment of T3-thyrotoxicosis. AB - An inhibition of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is thought to be of benefit in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Therefore, propylthiouracil (PTU) has been considered to be more effective in the therapy of hyperthyroidism than methimazole, since the former has the additional peripheral effect of decreasing the conversion of T4 to T3, From in vitro studies PTU is known, however, to inhibit the deiodination at the 5' as well as at the 5 position of the iodothyronine molecule. To study if PTU blocks degradation in T3 in vivo as well, the effect of PTU on thyroid hormone concentrations in serum and liver tissue during a constant and high administration of T4 or T3 to rats was followed. It was shown that PTU clearly inhibits T4 and reverse T3 degradation. Moreover, simultaneous treatment of the rats with T3 and PTU resulted in a significantly higher increase of T3 concentration in liver tissue (11.5 ng/g liver vs 5.6 ng/g liver) and serum (615 ng/di vs 345 ng/dl) than with T3 alone. This effect may be explained by an inhibition of the T3 degradation by PTU in vivo as well. Provided the results obtained from these animal experiments can be applied to the situation in man, the inhibition of peripheral deiodination could have an adverse effect at least in the treatment of T3-thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7320440 TI - [Architecture and epidemiology in gynaecology and obstetrics (author's transl)]. AB - The authors, who are doctors, architects and hospital engineers, made every effort to work out the architectural rules that were imposed on them at one and the same time by the epidemiology, the humanization of the work and spread in a specialty that is becoming more and more specialised and most attractive; having consultations between the disciplines take place, as they have done when a new isolated building for the department of gynaecology and obstetrics was being planned. An original study was carried out using information about the flow rates of people and the coefficients of interest in the siting of the various departments on small models, and this allowed a spatial tridimensional programme to be worked out so that the structure could become something like an ideal building in which the different needs of the functional element, the human element, the preventive epidemiological element and also the economic and budgetary possibilities could come together. The thoughts and suggestions of the authors concerned with this building should help to develop new concepts in hospital architecture which are of interest for gynaecologists and obstetricians. PMID- 7320441 TI - [Radiography used during operations for biopsies of non-palpable lesions of the breast which have been suspected because of mammography (author's transl)]. AB - In order to prove that non-palpable lesions of the breast that have been removed after suspicion from mammography have been removed completely it is appropriate to X-ray during the operation of biopsy in order to make a diagnosis. Tests carried out with the X Faxitron X-ray apparatus on 369 patients show that even X ray departments that carry out mammography and do not have specialised equipment can with quite modest means use this reliable technique for diagnosis. PMID- 7320438 TI - The biochemical properties of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin from the patients with trophoblastic disease. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was extracted and purified from urine of normal pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma using the sam methods. Both hCG-hydatidiform mole and hCG-choriocarcinoma as well as hCG-normal pregnancy was separated into alpha and beta subunits by SDS disc electrophoresis upon treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol and showed the same immunoreactivities against anti-hCG, -alpha hCG, and -beta hCG as hCG in each radioimmunoassay. In vivo bioassay, bioactivities of hCG- normal pregnancy and hCG-hydatidiform mole were approximately 7,000 IU/mg (2nd IS), while that of hCG- choriocarcinoma was only 400 IU/mg. Conversely, the receptor binding activities in vitro of hCG-chorio carcinoma was about 3 times more effective than the other 2. Although the amino acid composition of these hCG preparations were practically identical, a great difference in the carbohydrate composition was observed. The significant difference was that while sialic acid was undetectable in hCG choriocarcinoma approximately 8.5% of sialic acid was found in hCG-normal pregnancy and hCG-hydatidiform mole. A parallel finding was that iodinated hCG choriocarcinoma was taken up in large quantities by the liver in comparison to the ovary which differed from that observed with hCG-normal pregnancy and hCG hydatidiform mole in Parlow rats. The present findings support the thesis that neoplastic or malignant transformation of trophoblasts may result in an alteration of the glycosylation process, especially the sialylation, in the biosynthesis of hCG rather than the translation steps. PMID- 7320442 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.). Its value in the care of malignant tumours of the ovary (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 466 serial levels of carcinoembryonic antigens (C.E.A.) carried out with the aim of surveying 44 patients who had malignant tumours of the ovaries : - one third of the cases had a positive level more than 10 ng per ml; - the presence and the serial level depend more on the histological nature of the tumour than the stage of its evolution; - when a serial level has been negative before treatment it has never become positive in in a definite and continuous manner when the tumour progresses. On the other hand, when the test is positive before any therapy is started then there is a good correlation between its clinical evolution, its response to treatment and the serial variations. Relying on their experience and on the results given in the literature, the authors suggest a scheme of practical use of levels of C.E.A. in the care of malignant tumours of the ovary. PMID- 7320443 TI - [The count of active fetal movements. Its value in the diagnosis of chronic fetal distress (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320444 TI - [Pituitary tumours. Their effect on gonad function; a study of 47 tumours that had been operated on (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe, as a result of studying a homogeneous series of 47 tumours that were operated on, the effect on the gonad function and on sterility. Although most of these tumours are accompanied by the classical amenorrhoea galactorrhoea syndrome, it is pointed out that it may just present as simple poor progesterone effect without a major upset in menstruation. There are two difficult problems that are characteristic of these hyperprolactinaemia-producing tumors : that, that states that a micro-adenoma is responsible for the hyperprolactinaemia when there is no change in the shape of the sella of the pituitary fossa and when the level of prolactin and the dynamic tests are unable to give absolute proof that there is an organic reason for the condition; that of the decision as to what to do therapeutically, either medically or surgically, with a prolactin-producing micro-adenoma because nobody knows the "natural history" of these tumours. The present attitude of the authors is not to operate on these micro-adenomata except when the woman wants to have a baby and has been treated for at least one year with bromocriptine. PMID- 7320446 TI - [Engaged or unengaged head. Apropos of the Farabeuf sign]. PMID- 7320445 TI - [Some present aspects of the problems of breech presentation and delivery (author's transl)]. AB - The author, basing his conclusions on an experience of 491 deliveries and a review of the most recent literature, comes to the conclusion that the problem of breech delivery can be considered thus: It is not properly described as a dystocic delivery, but it is a high risk delivery with an outcome that is always uncertain. The proof of this is that the perinatal mortality swings between 0.5 to 2 or 3% according to different authors. The lesions that cause this mortality and their mechanism are well known. It consists of potential dangers, the realisation of which depends on the conditions and the way in which the deliveries are conducted. As far as treatment is concerned, there is no well established line of conduct but only opinions based on individual experiences. It is only by carrying out a large prospective study that the best way in which breech deliveries should be performed can be worked out. PMID- 7320447 TI - [An actuarial method used to analyse the results of tubal surgery for sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320448 TI - [Domiciliary care of pathological pregnancies by midwives. Comparative controlled study on 996 women (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate the effectiveness of domiciliary care of pathological pregnancies by midwives a comparative study was carried out on two groups of pregnant women, the one group being treated by this new method of caring fort them, the other by traditional care. There was random selection for the two groups. The results of this comparative controlled study show that when midwives care for these patients at home once a pathological condition has become established premature labour and admission to hospital is not avoided. A more preventive attitude developed. This implies that they intervene very early in pregnancy as soon as risk factors for pathological conditions appear without waiting for the pathological conditions themselves to develop. PMID- 7320449 TI - [Echographic visualisation of the umbilical vesicle and the amniotic membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320450 TI - [beta-Lipoprotein serum levels in the months preceeding pregnancy toxemia and its relationship with the Cetrimonium test (author's transl)]. AB - beta-Lipoprotein determination and selective serum protein precipitation with Cetrimonium bromide (Badin's Cetrimonium test) were carried out retroactively (after delivery) on sera selected out of 700 sera collected from women at 4-5 months and 6-7 months of pregnancy. The selected sera were those from 36 women in the first group and 37 in the second group, who had ended pregnancy with toxemia. The sera were matched to sera collected at the same period from women whose pregnancy had been normal until the end. In both the 4-5 month and the 6-7 month groups, women with toxemia at the end of pregnancy had significantly higher levels of beta-lipoprotein and higher Cetrimonium tests but the two data were not correlated. The information they provide on the abnormal condition preceeding toxemia symptoms are different : hyperlipoproteinemia would be a predisposing factor and the Cetrimonium test an evidence of some latent inflammatory process. PMID- 7320451 TI - [Secondary amenorrhoea and translocation between the X and 1 chromosome. The importance of the place where the break occurs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320452 TI - [The anatomic and clinical characteristics of cancers of the cervix observed during their evolution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320453 TI - [Ultrasound prenatal diagnosis of congenital duodenal atresia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320454 TI - [Complications of intra-uterine fetal monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the literature of the complications of intra-uterine fetal monitoring. Internal tocography, which is at the moment the ultimate method for evaluating uterine contractions, can give rise to infections. Placing the catheter into the uterus is not the only risk but that risk can be increased by the techniques used for the delivery, the social class of the patient, the time the membranes have been ruptured and the flora of the vagina before it was put in place. With a little in the way of precautions the complications of infection can be avoided. They, as far as the mother is concerned, are usually limited to endometritis. The scalp electrode gives the best possible fetal heart signal; it is rare (less than 1%) for infection to occur and it is exceptional that this infection should be severe. There are also rare other complications (lacerations and heamorrhage). The advantages to be gained by intensive monitoring of the fetus far outweigh the risks of morbidity from intra-uterine fetal monitoring. PMID- 7320455 TI - [Hypogonadism and alkylating agents (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the toxicity of alkylating agents on the gonads in the light of three cases. The more frequent prescription of these products in chemotherapy when treating cases in Nephrology, Dermatology, Neurology and Ophthalmology as well as general systemic diseases, should make the doctor prescribing them look out for the risks that the reproductive function runs in their use. Although of course there is no valid discussion of the use of these drugs when life is at stake one should all the same, seeing how their efficacy is increasing and survival is becoming more likely, ask oneself about their bad effects on the gonads, and in particular when they are being used for less serious indications. The gonads are often attacked early and insidiously, the the effects on them often starting before the more spectacular secondary effects such as alopecia or neutropenia. A review of the literature brings to light the following : there is a more marked effect on the gonad when it is the testis than when it is the ovary, which seems to be progressively affected; the lesions become worse and increase according to the pubertal state of the male. As far as testicular damage is concerned, it seems debatable whether is is dose-related or related to the length of treatment, and the chances of recovery on stopping chemotherapy with alkylating agents seen to be overall poor. On the practical level the use of sperm banks may resolve some of the worries about later infertility. As far as women are concerned, the greater resistance of the ovary to the effects should make one careful to employ contraceptive measures which are necessary during and after treatment (for fear of teratogenicity). PMID- 7320456 TI - Disease causality and politics. AB - This article distinguishes three current theories that purport to account for the etiology of chronic diseases: a germ theory, a lifestyle theory and an environmental theory. Since each of these proposals about disease causality implies a different locus of responsibility for disease prevention, the medical disputes surrounding the theories often mask more fundamental political controversies over the proper organization of society. This article reports briefly on the medical debate accompanying each theory and more fully on the political argument each gives rise to. It concludes with a critique of the multifactorial theory of disease causality, calling it both ineffective and biased against those people most at risk of becoming ill. PMID- 7320457 TI - The hospital power equilibrium: an alternative view of the cost containment dilemma. AB - In-patient hospital costs have grown at an annual rate of 15 percent for the last fifteen years, and the cumulative impact of these increases has created tremendous political pressure to contain this growth. Yet despite numerous attempts to pinpoint the causes of this inflation-and nearly as many recommended policy approaches-the outlines of an effective cost containment program still elude us. Previous approaches to cost containment have tended to emphasize the mechanics of how hospital costs are incurred rather than seeking to explain the underlying causal factors that generate these costs. This analytic focus appears to reflect the lack of a political theory of the hospital which can comprehend the unique character of the hospital's internal decision-making process. One suitable basis for such a theory is Crozier's model of a "conflictive equilibrium." In this model, the hospital's decision-making authority is lodged in a complex power relationship which reflects the respective intra- and extra- institutional resources of its occupational groups, and particularly of physicians and administrators. This analysis of hospital behavior can both explain the hospital's reaction to present cost containment program as well as predict its response to other likely policy approaches. It also may enable us to begin to design more effective programs through which to control the financial consequences of hospital decisions. PMID- 7320458 TI - Computers, medical records, and the right to privacy. AB - Recent advances in computer technology permit the accumulation, analysis, and storage of an unlimited quantity of medical record information, thereby seriously compounding existing controversies surrounding patient confidentiality and privacy. This article surveys both benefits and problems arising from this increased availability of medical records. It examines legal and ethical dilemmas arising from the conflict between the usefulness of patients, in particular their right to privacy. The article suggests guidelines for insuring fair and balanced health information policies. PMID- 7320459 TI - Mozambique: progress toward health care for everyone. PMID- 7320460 TI - Barriers to coordinating health services regulatory programs. AB - State and federal health services regulatory programs have proliferated over the past ten years, but little attention has been paid to their coordination to ensure that they reinforce rather than obstruct each other. Four approaches taken by states to coordinate certificate-of-need and prospective rate or budget review programs are examined here. Technical, administrative, and political factors are found to impede close working relations between the programs. Some coordination procedure may even exacerbate program weaknesses and diminish regulatory impact. The current configuration of political support for the programs makes policy changes to facilitate program coordination rather unlikely. PMID- 7320461 TI - Social, economic, and health aspects of mandatory retirement. AB - The issue of mandatory retirement could grow into one of the major domestic conflicts of the next few decades. It cannot be divorced from the availability and adequacy of pensions. Major arguments advanced in favor of mandatory retirement include: easier personnel management, advantages to younger and minority workers, economy for employers, greater productivity, and, in certain industries, greater public safety. Major arguments against include: adverse effect on physical and mental health of many employees, inordinate cost to society--both in terms of pensions and loss of productive labor--and the general positive value of individual performance evaluation. In the effort to resolve the conflict, three principles are suggested as a basis for future policy: (1) the individual benefits more from activity--physical and mental--than inactivity; (2) society benefits more from the maximum feasible productive employment of the adult population; (3) management requires adequate flexibility in the deployment of personnel, and a balance between youth and maturity and the values associated with each age group. Based on these principles, eight specific recommendations are suggested. PMID- 7320462 TI - The teaching of health law in 1980: results of a survey. PMID- 7320463 TI - Statistical considerations in drug trials of peptic ulcer. AB - Drug trials of peptic ulcer healing and recurrence must be carefully designed, conducted, and reported so that the conclusions drawn from them will be valid. Randomization is best achieved in multicenter studies by double-blind coding of drugs in blocks of six to eight for each participating center. The first step in determining sample size is to assess the magnitude of effects which are of clinical importance. For 4-week studies of healing comparing an active drug to a placebo, trials should consist of at least 40 subjects per group. Comparisons between two active drugs must be based on even larger samples to draw a conclusion that they are equivalent with any degree of certainty. During the study, preliminary analyses of the data should be avoided unless a statistical stopping rule with safeguards for maintaining the double-blind status is employed. When the results are reported, dropouts must be carefully accounted for and a confidence interval for differences in percentage healed or percentage recurred should be given. Predictors of outcome should be investigated and reported in detail. PMID- 7320464 TI - Randomized clinical trials--am I by brother's keeper? AB - If reasonable effective therapy for a disease is available, is it then ethical to conduct placebo-controlled studies with other unproven, but potentially beneficial, agents? Some investigators prefer to use proven-therapy controls when evaluating new drugs; however, random tests done with a placebo provide more accurate results. Therefore, when may society expose some human beings to potential harm in order to seek future benefits for society as a whole? A study done by Peterson and Elashoff suggested that a placebo-controlled trials is "clearly unethical" because the patient-subjects are a "high risk," and that "informed consent" becomes a fiction because no patient who clearly understood the implications of these trials would consent. Subjects; preferences have not been given much weight. Chalmers and associates maintain that randomization studies, which have also neglected patients' preferences, are more ethical than testing new therapies in an unscientific manner. Chalmers and others stressed that the physician must believe that he has "no knowledge at all that one treatment will be better or worse, safer or more dangerous than another." Some feel that active participation by patients would expose them to greater-than warranted risks. The FDA has stated that informed consent should be obtained from each subject or representative before he or she may participate in clinical investigation. We suggest that only the patient and investigator make the decision to participate in a joint undertaking, not the profession or the state. This will require an open dialogue between physicians and patients, with each group taking responsibility for themselves and for each other. PMID- 7320465 TI - Is gastroduodenitis part of the spectrum of peptic ulcer disease? AB - Gastroduodenitis should be included with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer in the spectrum of clinical disorders that have different pathogenetic mechanisms but a similar clinical picture. Published results of a clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and histologic study of 100 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms revealed that 61% had classic and 39% had atypical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease. We could not clinically distinguish the 24 patients with ulcer crater (40% of the classic group) from the 25 patients with acute gastroduodenitis without crater (41% of the classic group). Preliminary data of a prospective study compared the treatment responses of 19 patients with gastroduodenitis and 39 patients with peptic ulcer disease. These patients were diagnosed endoscopically and restudied after treatment with a bland diet and antacids seven times per day for 8 weeks. The responses to therapy in gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer were as follows: endoscopically, 63 and 80%, respectively; histologically, 74 and 65%, respectively; symptomatically, 47 and 65%, respectively. Preliminary data on the duodenal epithelial thymidine uptake revealed an increased proliferative index in duodenitis patients but not in patients with peptic ulcer or control subjects. PMID- 7320466 TI - Gastritis, nitrosamines, and gastric cancer. AB - Gastritis is associated with peptic ulcer, gastroenterostomy, pernicious anemia, and exposure to nitrosamines. Once established, the process may be self perpetuating, resulting in atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia. This can be explained by the process of endogenous nitrosation of amines in the inflamed gastric mucosa. Evidence is presented to support this hypothesis. Several drugs given parenterally have been identified as mutagenic nitroso compounds in homogenates of human and canine antral mucosa. Nitrite for this process is apparently derived from the inflamed mucosa. Different amines appear to be nitrosated at different places in the antrum, suggesting the presence of site-specific enzymes that control these reactions. PMID- 7320467 TI - Drugs, gastritis, and peptic ulcer. AB - Drug damage to the stomach provides a model for study of the development of peptic ulcer, gastritis, and duodenitis in man. Aspirin damage is the best understood. Pathophysiologically, aspirin alters the gastric mucosal barrier to hydrogen ions and lowers gastric potential difference. Ultrastructurally, aspirin damage to surface epithelial cells leads to microerosions. Macroscopically, acute hemorrhage and erosions are seen in both the stomach and duodenum by endoscopy after ingestion of a large dose of aspirin. Patients with chronic rheumatic diseases taking aspirin have a 50% incidence of gastric erosions and 20% incidence of gastric ulcer, suggesting an association between erosions and chronic ulcer formation. Acute gastric damage is lessened by neutralizing acid with bicarbonate, reducing acid secretion with cimetidine, or administering aspirin in enteric-coated form. Rheumatic patients on enteric-coated aspirin have a significantly lower incidence of gastric ulcer (5%) than those taking regular aspirin. Damage may also be prevented by increasing mucosal resistance; acute damage can be prevented by exogenous prostaglandins, regardless of their effect on acid secretion (cytoprotection). Other commonly used drugs, such as alcohol, acetaminophen, and indomethacin, reported to have paradoxical effects with respect to erosions and peptic ulcer, provide additional information on the development of gastric erosions and ulcers. PMID- 7320468 TI - Gastric mucus and bicarbonate secretion in relation to mucosal protection. AB - Gastric mucus, a viscous gel that coats the entire gastric mucosa, is produced by and secreted from the surface epithelial cells. Although 95% water by weight, gel mucus is a polymer of four equal-sized subunits joined by disulfide bridges. Carbohydrate side chains include N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, fucose, neuraminic acid, and sialic acid. At a concentration of about 20 mg/ml, the viscosity begins to rise, and a gel is formed. The thickness of the gel mucus layer is dynamic, and a function of release from surface epithelial cells and mechanical and proteolytic degradation within the lumen. An increase in luminal fluid glycoprotein output has been observed in response to splanchnic and vagal nerve stimulation, topical acetylcholine, prostaglandins, carbenoxolone, and parenteral secretin. Topical prostaglandins and carbenoxolone have been observed to increase mucus gel thickness. Gastric bicarbonate secretion is also thought to be a function of the surface epithelial cell. The magnitude of stimulated gastric bicarbonate secretion is 5 to 10% of maximal acid secretion for a given surface area of mucosa. Stimulants of gastric bicarbonate secretion are carbachol, Ca++, c-GMP, 16-16 dimethyl PGE2, and PGF2 alpha. Inhibitors of gastric bicarbonate secretion include atropine, metabolic inhibitors, acetazolamide, alpha-adrenergic agents, and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Taken together, these observations lend credence to the hypothesis that an unstirred layer of mucus, rich in bicarbonate, may offer significant protection against acid-peptic mucosal injury by neutralizing luminal acid and thereby providing the apical membrane of the surface epithelial cell with a near neutral pH milieu. PMID- 7320469 TI - Radiographic evaluation of peptic ulcer disease. AB - The major advance in the radiographic detection of peptic ulcers and their sequelae in the past decade has been the utilization of air-barium double contrast studies of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. In many reported series, a decrease in the error rate, from 20-50% using single-contrast radiography, to 10-20% using double-contrast or combination single- and double contrast radiographic techniques, has been noted. Double-contrast radiography has had a particularly great impact in the diagnosis of duodenal, gastric, and esophageal erosions. These shallow, superficial changes are not detected with single-contrast radiography. False-negative radiographic diagnoses still occur with double-contrast techniques because of (1) erosions too small to detect, (2) ulcers obscured by enlarged folds or a deformed duodenal bulb, and (3) poor mucosal coating and increased secretions. False-positive diagnoses occasionally occur because of precipitation or trapping of barium between gastric and duodenal folds. The improvements in overall radiographic diagnosis using a double-contrast technique indicate that this technique should be employed whenever possible for the evaluation of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7320470 TI - Endoscopy in the evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: indications, expectations, and interpretation. AB - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most sensitive diagnostic test in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy performed by trained examiners, however, still misses lesions. Single-contrast upper gastrointestinal x-ray adds little new information to a complete endoscopic examination by a trained endoscopist. With the availability of "skinny" endoscopes as well as the ability to obtain directed cytology and biopsy via the endoscope, a clinician may well choose upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as the first and possible only diagnostic test in the evaluation of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The cost of the procedure, however, and the limited availability of trained endoscopists may inhibit the widespread use of this procedure as the initial diagnostic test. PMID- 7320471 TI - The diagnosis and classification of gastritis and duodenitis. AB - There are specific and nonspecific categories of gastritis and duodenitis. In each category, the mucosal pattern may be erosive or nonerosive. Specific refers to distinctive patterns of inflammation associated with defined clinical syndromes. These are rare in the stomach and include granulomatous disorders and hypertrophic gastropathies. In the duodenal bulb they include Crohn's disease and any other disorder that may affect the proximal small bowel. Endoscopy diagnoses nonspecific erosive disease of the stomach and duodenal bulb. Histology diagnoses nonspecific, nonerosive gastritis (NNG) and duodenitis (NND). The major interest in NNG and NND is in their potential as pathogenic risk factors for other disorders. Although NNG and NND may theoretically cause symptoms, provocative tests need to be devised to prove this. Confusion in the classifications of NNG and NND often arises because clinicians, radiologists, endoscopists, and pathologists use similar terms to mean different things. PMID- 7320472 TI - Functional and provocative tests for gastroduodenal disorders. AB - Measurements of basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, and serum pepsinogen I cannot replace direct radiologic and endoscopic examination of the gastroduodenal mucosa for diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, or histological examination for classification of gastritis and duodenitis. These tests, however, can provide information about the functional status of the gastric mucosa and sometimes indicate the etiology of gastric acid hypersecretion. The most diagnostic combination of tests comprises markedly increased fasting serum gastrin, positive serum gastrin response to secretin challenge, and increased levels of basal acid secretion and serum pepsinogen I found in patients with gastrinoma. The same combination of results, except for negative response to secretin and marked stimulation of gastrin by food, is found in patients with antral gastrin cell hyperfunction. Increased serum gastrin concentrations often are found in patients with hyposecretion of gastric acid, including those with atrophic gastritis, and in patients with renal failure, or previous vagotomy. Patients with atrophic gastritis have a low serum pepsinogen I level, while an increased level is found with renal failure and a normal level is found after vagotomy. Thus, the concurrent measurement of serum pepsinogen I and creatinine provides a useful initial step in the evaluation of hypergastrinemia. PMID- 7320473 TI - The stress process. PMID- 7320474 TI - Personality and constitution as mediators in the stress-illness relationship. PMID- 7320475 TI - Family roles and sex differences in depression. PMID- 7320476 TI - Sex differences in depression reexamined. PMID- 7320477 TI - Institutional structure and resident outcomes. PMID- 7320478 TI - Predicting adolescents' intentions to smoke cigarettes. PMID- 7320479 TI - An epidemiological study of dental caries in school children. PMID- 7320480 TI - Evaluation of different culture media for isolation of Leishmania donovani. PMID- 7320481 TI - Prevalence of hookworm in some villages around Nagpur. PMID- 7320482 TI - Complement fixing antigens in rabies. VI. Correlation of complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies. PMID- 7320483 TI - Toxoplasma IHA antibodies in patients and healthy persons. PMID- 7320484 TI - A note on DDT susceptibilty status of some Anopheles mosquitoes in Arunachal Pradesh. PMID- 7320485 TI - Isolation of Salmonella oranienburg from three patients of gastroenteritis in North Delhi. PMID- 7320486 TI - Limitation of larval parasitic water mite infestation in age-gradation of adult Anopheles. PMID- 7320487 TI - Variation in the ascoids of the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes in a population from Patna, Northern India. PMID- 7320488 TI - Progress of UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases-1979-80 TDR excerpts from TDR-STAC- 2/80.3. PMID- 7320489 TI - Overwintering of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Delhi area. PMID- 7320490 TI - An outbreak of viral hepatitis in rural areas of Kashmir--some epidemiological features. PMID- 7320491 TI - Growth kinetics of rabies virus in mouse macrophage cell cultures. PMID- 7320492 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Jamnagar and Okha towns--Gujarat. PMID- 7320493 TI - Faunistic studies on Indian cyclops with special reference to Delhi Region. PMID- 7320494 TI - Hemocyanin linked to protein A as an immunochemical labeling reagent for electron microscopy. AB - Hemocyanin-protein A (Hcy/A) is an immunochemical marker suitable for both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A method is described for the preparation of highly monomeric Hcy/A where protein A and hemocyanin are present in the conjugate in a nearly equal molar ratio. Examples of Hcy/A labeling of several cellular antigens are provided. PMID- 7320495 TI - Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by gonadotrophs of the bat's pituitary: A combined immunocytochemical radioautographic analysis. AB - Serotonergic mechanisms were examined in the bat pituitary. A seasonal fluctuation in the concentration of serotonin in the pituitary was found; the concentration rose just prior to hibernation, fell during hibernation, and transiently rose at the time of arousal from hibernation. This pattern is consistent with serotonin being stored within a cell that becomes inactive while bats hibernate. The uptake of 3H-serotonin was examined utilizing electron microscopic radioautography and the simultaneous light microscopic radioautographic localization of 3H-serotonin and the immunocytochemical localization of adenohypophyseal peptides. Uptake of 3H-serotonin was found to be a saturable process, inhibited by fluoxetine, but neither mimicked nor inhibited by norepinephrine. Cells responsible for uptake of 3H-serotonin contained luteinizing hormone immunoreactivity and were identified as gonadotrophs. The seasonal fluctuation and the presence of a specific serotonin uptake mechanism suggests that serotonin plays a role in the function of the adenohypophysis. PMID- 7320497 TI - Enzyme-incorporated erythrocyte ghosts: a new model system for quantitative enzyme cytochemistry. AB - The preparation and properties of a new microscopic model system for quantitative enzyme cytochemistry are described. The enzyme to be studied is entrapped in human erythrocyte ghosts by a simple hypotonic procedure. After fixation in suspension the ghosts can be analyzed both biochemically and cytochemically. The system has been tested with alkaline phosphatase. It is demonstrated that an azo method that uses naphthol AS-MX phosphate as substrate and 4-aminodiphenylamine diazonium salt as coupling agent can detect very low levels of enzymic activity. The biochemical activity determinations of alkaline phosphatase loaded erythrocyte ghosts were found to correlate linearly with cytophotometric activity determinations. The possible use of the erythrocyte ghost model system for other cytochemical applications is briefly discussed. PMID- 7320496 TI - Microfluorometric analysis of protein thiol groups with a coumarinylphenylmaleimide. AB - Characteristics of thiol adducts formed by the fluorogenic maleimide, N-(4-(7 diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl) phenyl) maleimide (CPM), (Sippel: J Histochem Cytochem 29:314, 1981) were determined in solution, on the epithelia in beef cornea paraffin sections, and with an egg white model. Absorption was found maximal at 385-390 nm with a molar absorbancy of not less than 30,000 cm2/mmol, while emission peaked at 465 nm; the spectra and output were hardly affected by hydrolytic opening of the succinimide ring. Fluorescence measured in an epi illuminating microfluorometer faded rapidly at high magnifications, but the initial output from sections of increasing thickness under a 10 x objective was proportional to the thiol density (concentration x thickness) up to a limit equivalent to an absorbance of nearly 0.5 at 387 nm. The staining included less than 5% nonspecific fluorescence, as determined on duplicate sections blocked by 2,2'-dithiopyridine. Factors affecting the use of CPM for quantitation of both thiols and disulfides are discussed. PMID- 7320498 TI - An improved histochemical method for distinguishing colonic acetylsialomucin from other epithelial mucins. AB - A technical modification of the original histochemical methods for distinguishing human colonic acetylsialomucin from other epithelial mucins is described. The modification uses a naphthoic acid hydrazide-diazonium salt sequence in place of the original borohydride or blue Schiff treatments in the first stage of the staining procedure and a more dilute solution of periodic acid in the second stage. By these means, strongly contrasting staining of colonic acetylsialomucins in magenta red and all other mucins in dark blue may be consistently produced. PMID- 7320499 TI - Advantages of polarization microscopy in horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry. PMID- 7320500 TI - Contribution to the problem of environmental contamination with mercury. AB - Total mercury concentrations determined in the organs (muscle, brain, lungs, pancreas, liver, kidneys) of necropsy patients are evaluated. The mercury concentrations were also determined in the hair and urine of children residing in two different areas employed in a grain dressing paint (exposed and nonexposed to mercury fungicide formulation). The human autopsy study showed that the detected organ mercury concentrations were considerably lower than those reported in the literature: 94% of necropsy tissue samples showed mercury content lower than 100 micrograms . kg-1, irrespective of the type of body organ and the age of necropsy patients. The organ mercury concentrations were rising in the following order of organs: muscle, brain, lungs, pancreas liver and kidneys. No correlation could be demonstrated between the organ mercury concentration and the age of necropsy patient, or the primary cause of death. The highest hair and urine mercury concentrations were detected in workers occupationally exposed to the mercury containing fungicide formation. Increased average hair mercury concentrations corresponded with increased average mercury concentrations in the urine. The average mercury concentrations detected in the hair and urine of children and nonexposed workers were considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The authors provide also the most important data on the reported case of livestock overexposure to mercury, which has primarily stimulated their interest in mercury as an important environmental contaminant. PMID- 7320501 TI - Biliary excretion of cobalt in rats. AB - The excretion of 58Co2+ via bile, urine and intestinal wall after intravenous administration of 58CoCl2 in two doses (177 and 1770 micrograms of Co2+ per kg B. Wt.) was studied in rats. The cumulative biliary excretion reached 24 hours after administration of lower dose 2.67 +/- 1.98% and higher dose 7.33 (4.6-10.9) % of the amount given. The highest excretion rate of 58Co was detected between 10 and 30 minutes after administration. After administration of higher dose of 58Co the lower urinary excretion was observed [73.6 +/- 4.0% resp. 47.9% (45.5-52.5)] of the amount given. There were no differences between both doses studied in the excretion of 58Co via the wall of gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7320502 TI - Effect of tetrachloromethane and other chlorinated hydrocarbons on the hepatic metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7320503 TI - Content of lipids and esterified fatty acids in the liver of mice exposed to arsenic in drinking water. PMID- 7320504 TI - Relationship between pathogenicity and physicochemical properties of bituminous coal dusts. PMID- 7320505 TI - Sex and age prevalence of endemic goitre: an epidemiological study. AB - A hyperendemic goitre are ain the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, has been epidemiologically surveyed, following a methodology adopted by the World Health Organization. 3,757 individuals (1,762 males and 1,995 females) have been examined. The distribution of goitre according to sex and age has been analysed through simultaneous confidence intervals for contrasts among multinomial proportions, as well as multivariate models, using computer programs. Low frequencies of goitre have been found in both males and females younger than 5, while in the older groups the frequencies were very high. Females showed higher frequencies of goitre than males in puberty and adulthood. Multivariate analyses, where 21 independent variables entered in a number of multiple regression models, confirmed the influence of age and sex on the manifestation of endemic goitre. PMID- 7320506 TI - Experience with urban traffic noise maps in Czechoslovakia and German Democratic Republic. AB - Noise mapping represents one of the valuable working tools in the implementation of communal noise abatement programs. Over the years 1965-1979 the communal noise conditions were mapped in several tens of towns, both in Czechoslovakia and GDR. In Czechoslovakia, noise mapping is based on standardized methodology of noise level measurement and on methodical guidelines for noise map construction; in GDR, unified basis is represented by provisions in execution of the law on environmental protection. The noise map data have led in many cases to revision of existing town development and transportation plans, to more accurate delimitation of urban zones, to establishment of noise-free zones, to prohibition of night-time traffic, and to acceptance of anti-noise measures at stable sources of communal noise. Decisive for the effective use of urban noise maps is, as a rule, the quality of accompanying written statement, the extent of cooperation with town planning and local government authorities, and whether the map had been produced in order to accomplish a clearly specified objective. However, it will take undoubtedly much more time to assess definitively the usefulness of noise mapping as a methodical tool in the control of community noise. PMID- 7320507 TI - The results of study of pertussis component of DPT vaccine produced in USSR and some other countries. AB - The paper presents the results of testing of 16 vaccines under the letter code from 8 countries received from WHO. These vaccines differed both in toxicity and potency. Six lots contained from 1.12 to 6.29 IPU/ml, i. e. they did not meet WHO requirements for pertussis vaccine. To determine toxic properties of the vaccines in mouse body weight gain test it is more reasonable to use one, but not half an individual immunizing dose. According to all data the absence of correlation between protective and toxic properties of the vaccines was quite definitely revealed. Vaccines from USSR (N, O, P) showed the optimal results for all tests. The limited observations on reactogenicity of vaccines N and O (both produced minor reactions) have brought out the tendency of correlation between the data of laboratory tests and reactogenicity rates of vaccines. The necessity for further investigations to confirm these findings is emphasized. PMID- 7320508 TI - Rheumatic fever situation in Czechoslovakia with special reference to long-term prognosis for rheumatic carditis. AB - In a prospective study (1961-1972) the incidence of rheumatic fever (RF), development of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and penicillin prophylaxis efficacy were investigated in 300 000 children and 70 000 adults. Only patients whose index attack met the modified Jones' criteria were included; all were enrolled in a prophylaxis programme (i. m. benzathine-penicillin). The RF incidence decreased from an initial 61.2 attacks per 100 000 in children and 42.9 in adults to below 10 by 1969 and remained low thereafter. In total, 541 children (209 with carditis) and 176 adults (108 with carditis) were followed up for 5.5 years (average) after an index attack. At final examination, no valvular involvement was detected where previous attacks had been without clinical carditis. Patients studied from time of the primary attack with carditis (211) had a very favorable prognosis: only up to 3.5% had developed a moderate to severe heart lesion by the end of the study. However, of 68 adult patients followed up only from the time of recurrence with carditis and often having had a prolonged rheumatic history: 23.5% had a moderate to severe heart lesion and a further 20.6% had died of RHD by the end of the study. Prophylaxis efficacy calculated as a cumulative attack recurrence rate per 100 patients and over a 5-year interval was 2.72 in protected as against 64.75 in unprotected children (mostly failing to comply with prophylaxis); in adults, the respective values were 1.3 and 24.92. The prevalence of serious residual RHD may be expected to decrease substantially in the future, starting with the younger age groups. PMID- 7320509 TI - To the problem of secondary mycotic infections and their etiological agents. AB - Modern therapeutic procedures that are based on advanced chemotherapy and modern medical technique have led to a prolongation of chronic patient's survival, but have also created conditions for the development of till now little known infectious complications. Among these are, no doubt, mycotic diseases caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Primarily apathogenic fungi, living as a rule in the external environment as saprophytes or colonizing as harmless epiphytes the integumental localizations of healthy humans, start to behave in the subjects with reduced resistance as invasive pathogens. The authors summarize pertinent information of most important systemic mycotic infections of this nature, which occur on the territory of Czechoslovakia: candidiasis, aspergillosis, phycomycosis, cryptococcosis and nocardiosis. Considering the mycological, ecological and pathophysiological aspects of these infections, the authors try to elucidate not only theoretical principles of the etiological agents' opportunism, but also practical impacts of the sustained increase in the number of these diseases. Apart from data on the extrahuman existence of these microorganisms, the authors provide characteristics of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms facilitating their paratrophic propagation. Since the basic conditions of the onset of complications caused by the opportunistic mycotic agents are in principle complied with in almost every hospitalized patient, emphasis is put particularly on factors leading to iatrogenic lesions. Constant close cooperation between the attending physician and microbiologist is considered as one of the basic preconditions for a successful therapeutical control of these pathological conditions. PMID- 7320510 TI - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for leucocyte and platelet antibodies. AB - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the detection of antibodies to platelets and leucocytes is presented. The method can be used for large numbers of samples. The method is objective when photometers are used. Approximately 50% of all cases of possible autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (A.T.P.) and unexplained neutropenia showed positive results. The results obtained using ELISA and standard tests for leucocyte and platelet antibodies are compared. The ELISA tests may also detect immune complexes. PMID- 7320511 TI - Evaluation of polyethylene glycol's suitability for quantitative determination of non-precipitating antibody. AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used extensively in the quantitative precipitin reaction and for the determination of soluble immune complexes. It has now been found that the optimum concentration of PEG for precipitation of non precipitating antibodies in the quantitative precipitin reaction varies with the dilution of antisera. Immune precipitates obtained with PEG were examined for their protein content by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect non specific precipitation of serum proteins. Determination of non-precipitating antibodies in sera of goats and pigs immunized with chicken egg-white lysozyme by the quantitative precipitin reaction in the presence of PEG, yielded lower values than obtained by immunoabsorbents. Care should be exercised in interpreting results when PEG is used to enhance precipitation. PMID- 7320512 TI - A novel immunization procedure for production of anti-cholecystokinin-specific antiserum of low cross-reactivity. AB - An anti-cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) antibody without cross-reactivity with pentagastrin, whose amino acid sequence is identical with the carboxy terminal portion of CCK-8, was produced by immunization with CCK-8-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injection of a conjugate of pentagastrin and a copolymer of D glutamic acid and D-lysine to inhibit production of antibody cross-reacting with pentagastrin. PMID- 7320513 TI - A rapid new method of measuring phagocytosis and cytotoxicity in macrophage tissue cultures. AB - 111Indium as a radioactive tracer for labelling cells has advantages of 51 chromium: very low leakage after 24 h, superior counting properties of the radionuclide 111indium, and a labelling yield of greater than 70%. Tissue culture chamber slides combine the advantage of tissue culture micromethods with simple preparation techniques used in histology. We report here results with peritoneal macrophages as effector cells and erythrocytes and tumor cells as targets. Phagocytosis and cytotoxicity were measured easily and rapidly. PMID- 7320514 TI - [The psoas bladder. Experience with 88 operations (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience with 88 cases of psoas bladder in children and in adults. The essential indications have been failure of previous ureterovesical implantation, certain megalo-ureters, tuberculous stenosis, and pelvic fibrosis in adults. In 32 operations on children there was only a single case of stenosis, but six cases of residual reflux all linked to a too short submucous passage. In the 56 operations in adults there were four ureteral stenoses. Note the almost constant good results in children operated for the first time, and in adults operated for tuberculosis. The authors stress several points: - the psoas bladder is the first type or reparative surgery to consider when one is confronted with loss of substance of the ilio-pelvic ureter; - in reparative surgery of the terminal ureter, the psoas bladder is indicated each time it is not possible to prevent reflux by simple advancement of the ureter submucously. The psoas bladder seems to the authors to be an advantageous alternative to the Leadbetter-Politano operation; - the need to amply dissect the dome of the bladder and, if necessary, the lateral aspects of the bladder, the ureter, even the kidney and the renal pedicle in difficult repairs when there is extensive loss of tissue; - the obligation to renounce this technique whenever the dissection pushed to the limit does not allow an anastomosis without tension. PMID- 7320515 TI - [Chronic cystitis in a child (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an unusual case of pseudo-tumoral cystitis in a young boy also suffering on the same side from a purulent arthritis of the hip with an abscess pointing towards the pelvis and treated by iliac drainage. In contrast to other published cases, it was neither a cystic cystitis nor a glandular cystitis, but a chronic bullous cystitis without any specificity. Prolonged antibiotic treatment achieved the desired aim at the same time as all symptoms and signs of the arthritis of the hip disappeared. PMID- 7320516 TI - [Appendico vesical fistula (author's transl)]. AB - Appendico vesical fistula is an uncommon clinical entity which concerns not only the general and urological surgeons but also the general practitioner. It develops as a complication of untreated appendicitis and may go unrecognized for many years. The chief clinical feature is recurrent episodes of acute cystitis. It may occur at any age but usually in the younger group. The frequent absence of pneumaturia and fecaluria helps to distinguish it from other variants of entero vesical fistula. Appendectomy and excision of the fistula are usually followed by complete recovery. PMID- 7320517 TI - [Hereditary and congenital diseases of the kidney]. PMID- 7320518 TI - Distribution and variation of hemagglutinating activity in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata. PMID- 7320520 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in preoperative evaluation of mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiograms were correlated with the operative findings and surgical procedures in 46 patients with mitral stenosis. In addition, a new projection evaluating subvalvular lesion more precisely was reported. Two dimensional echocardiographic findings studied were 1) pathology of the two leaflets of the mitral valve, 2) valve area, and 3) subvalvular lesion. The findings of leaflets and valve area were well correlated with the operative findings. But there were six cases with discrepancies in the initial 22 cases about the findings of subvalvular lesion; there were 5 false negative and one false positive case. It was considered that insufficient information about the appositional zone of the mitral valve and chordae tendineae made it difficult to evaluate them correctly. We have designed a new projection for delineating the subvalvular apparatus and employed in the next 24 cases, and the transducer was placed near the apical heart to visualize 4 chambers. This eliminated greatly the false positive cases (only 2 out of 24 cases). There were three cases of mitral valve replacement (MVR) in the initial 22 cases, but we could expect the necessity of MVR in only one case, and we had to perform chordotomy, papillotomy, or debridement as well as commissurotomy in two false positive cases. In the next 24 cases, however, we could predict it in all three cases of MVR before the operation. It was valuable for surgery of mitral stenosis to get enough information about the subvalvular lesion as well as mitral leaflets by two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7320519 TI - [Subcostal echocardiographic approach to the interatrial septum in mitral valvular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320521 TI - [Angiocardiographic and phonocardiographic evaluation of the Hancock bioprosthetic valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320522 TI - [The diastolic rumble and fluttering of the ventricular wall after atrioventricular valve replacement with the Hancock xenograft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320523 TI - [Echocardiographic findings of variant angina (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion were performed in three patients with ergonovine induced variant angina, who were diagnosed by electrocardiography and/or coronary angiography. The two-dimensional echocardiogram during anginal attack demonstrated hypokinesis or akinesis of the left ventricular wall where ischemia was suspected by the electrocardiogram. This change in the wall motion occurred earlier than that of the electrocardiogram, and the abnormal wall motion in ischemic region returned to normal earlier than the electrocardiographic recovery after the attack. In some cases non-ischemic region showed hypokinesis probably because ergonovine caused coronary artery narrowing in a whole region including spastic region. With relief of the chest pain and restoration of ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram following nitroglycerin administration, the left ventricular wall tended to be hyperkinetic on the echocardiogram. PMID- 7320524 TI - [Prediction of the location of left anterior descending coronary artery disease by anterior echocardiography and esophageal echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - In 11 normal subjects and 30 patients (pts) with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) lesion, the left ventricular anterolateral wall (LVAW) was investigated by esophageal echocardiography (Eso Echo) and the interventricular septum (IVS) by conventional anterior echocardiography (Ant Echo). The location of LAD obstruction, either proximal (20 pts; P-group) or distal (10 pts; D-group) to the first septal branch, was confirmed by coronary arteriography. Twenty-two of the 30 pts with LAD lesion had anteroseptal myocardial infarction (ASMI) and the remaining 8 had angina pectoris. Of the 30 pts, 20 pts including 13 pts with ASMI had normal systolic excursion of IVS. On the other hand, LVAW excursion was below 8 mm in 28 of the 30 pts with LAD lesion compared to the value of the normal subjects (10.8 +/- 1.7 mm; range = 8--13 mm). The sum of the values of IVS and LVAW excursions in the pts with ASMI was significantly lower in the P-group than those in the D-group (p less than 0.001). In the P-group, the beginning of both systolic IVS and LVAW excursion delayed significantly (IVS: 118 +/- 47 msec, LVAW: 121 +/- 44 msec from Q wave on ECG) than those of normal subjects, while in the D-group only LVAW excursion was delayed (142 +/- 23 msec) compared to that of IVS (84 +/- 32 msec). Thus, the analysis of the motion of IVS and LVAW obtained by Ant Echo and Eso Echo is useful in predicting the presence of absence as well as the location of LAD lesion. PMID- 7320525 TI - [Analysis of the cardiac motion in myocardial infarction by the ECG-synchronized CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320526 TI - [Hemodynamic responses to supine bicycle exercise in juvenile hypertensive subjects: an echocardiographic assessment (author's transl)]. AB - Six juvenile hypertensive patients were studied by supine bicycle ergometer exercise during continuous echocardiographic recording. Thirteen normotensive young men were also studied for the control. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (Dd) during exercise was significantly increased from 28.8 +/- 0.5 mm/m2 to 29.7 +/- 0.6 mm/m2 in normotensives, but the increase in Dd was not observed in hypertensives. Effects of propranolol on changes in Dd during exercise were almost equal in two groups. Left ventricular end-systolic dimensions (Ds) were decreased during exercise in both groups. After propranolol administration, Ds in hypertensives was significantly increased from 18.8 +/- 1.0 mm/m2 to 19.4 +/- 1.1 mm/m2 at rest, and during the following exercise it reached to 19.7 +/- 1.1 mm/m2, whereas Ds in normotensives was decreased during exercise even after propranolol. Peripheral vascular resistance at rest was almost equal between the two groups, but in hypertensives the reduction during exercise was restricted. These results suggest that sympathetic activities of cardiovascular system are accentuated in juvenile hypertensive subjects. PMID- 7320527 TI - [Relationship between vascular diameter and intracardiac pressure in tricuspid or pulmonary insufficiency detected by contrast echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate the usefulness of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of tricuspid (TI) and pulmonary insufficiency (PI), 30 patients with various heart diseases and 7 controls were examined. The dimensions of the inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery were also measured on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 18 patients to study the relationship between the diameters of the vessels and the intracardiac pressures. The following results were obtained. 1) TI was detected without difficulty by contrast method using two-dimensional echocardiography on the four-chamber view. The diagnostic sensitivity was higher than that of conventional methods. 2) PI was also detected by the parasternal approach. The regurgitation of the contrast material across the pulmonary valve was easily confirmed because of pulmonary arterial dilatation. 3) In the cases with TI, the dimension of the inferior vena cava was larger than 20 mm. The right ventricular systolic pressure and the mean right atrial pressure were higher than 40 mmHg and 6 mmHg, respectively. PMID- 7320528 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac function by contrast echo disappearance time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320529 TI - [The effect of the Valsalva and Muller maneuvers on right and left atrial dimensions in man studied by esophageal echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the Valsalva (V) and Muller maneuvers (M) on the right and left atrial dimensions was evaluated by esophageal echocardiography in 8 normal male subjects. During V and M, the right atrial free wall (RAW), interatrial septum (IAS) and left atrial posterior wall were recorded by esophageal echocardiography simultaneously with intraairway pressure (Paw). Right (RAD) and left atrial dimensions (LAD) at atrial end-diastolic were measured at various phases during each maneuver. Mean expiratory effort of +40 mmHg Paw in V and mean inspiratory effort of -40 mmHg Paw in M were maintained for about 10 sec. Both atrial dimensions changed significantly during each maneuver. RAD began to decrease just after the onset of V, while LAD changed little during this phase, after which began to decrease progressively. The leftward displacement of IAS with the simultaneous outward displacement of RAW resulted in an increase of RAD and a decrease of LAD just after the onset of M and the release of V. LAD remained higher than resting value from the second (2--4 sec after the onset) to late phase (just before the release) during M. RAD decreased just after the release of M. Thus, esophageal echocardiography was useful to evaluate both atrial dimensions during V and M. PMID- 7320530 TI - [Accuracy of echocardiographic measurements in assessing left ventricular performance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320531 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricular contraction in cases with atrial fibrillation (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic studies were performed in order to examine the effect of preceding R-R interval (PI) and pre-preceding R-R interval (PPI) on the changes in end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (Dd and Ds) in 12 patients with atrial fibrillation. As PI prolonged, Dd increased and Ds decreased, however, these were constant at the PI of more than 0.80 up to 1.20 sec. At the PI of less than 0.80 sec, Dd and Ds showed a wider range of distribution. When PPI remained constant, Dd increased and Ds decreased with the prolongation of PI. When PI was kept constant, Dd increased and Ds decreased as PPI became shorter. The greater the degree of PPI shortening and PI prolongation, the larger the increase of Dd and decrease Ds. Thus, the change of contractile state of the left ventricle in atrial fibrillation was affected not only by the preload of the individual PI, but also by that of the PPI. This is thought to be the same mechanism as in post extrasystolic potentiation. PMID- 7320532 TI - [Hemodynamic significance of shoulder formation of the mitral valve echogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320533 TI - [Clinical study of ventricular end-systolic dimension and systolic blood pressure/end-systolic dimension ratio as the indices of left ventricular function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320535 TI - [Digital image processing of left ventricular cineangiograms: newly developed techniques of boundary extraction, calculation of left ventricular volume, evaluation of regional myocardial contractility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320534 TI - [Significance of non-invasive parameter (PSP/ESVI) in assessing left ventricular contractility (author's transl)]. AB - Since myocardial pump function is affected by preload or afterload, it is difficult to assess left ventricular (LV) contractility independently from these in clinical cardiology. In this study, we performed inotropic intervention by isoproterenol or propranolol, and changed afterload by angiotensin or nitroprusside, to estimate the usefulness of peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index (PSP/ESVI) as a parameter of LV contractility. The data were obtained by cuff method or catheter-tip manometer and echocardiography. We calculated PSP/ESVI in various heart diseases, and results were analyzed for a significant change using the t test. Ejection fraction, mean VCF (mVCF) were calculated simultaneously, and compared with PSP/ESVI. The results were as follows: 1) PSP/ESVI ratio significantly reflected inotropic intervention with isoproterenol and propranolol. 2) PSP/ESVI ratio was less affected by the change of peak systolic pressure than EF or mVCF. 3) There was a significant difference in PSP/ESVI among congestive cardiomyopathy, valvular heart diseases and normal controls. 4) There was also a significant difference in PSP/ESVI between patients of NYHA I and those of NYHA II--IV. 5) PSP/ESVI ratio, measured by non-invasive method, was thought to be a useful parameter to assess LV contractility. PMID- 7320536 TI - [Subxiphoid echocardiographic visualization of membranous septal defect: detection of both right-to-left and left-to-right shunts with an aid of contrast technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320537 TI - [A simple method for enhancing interatrial right-to-left shunt in the diagnosis of small atrial septal defect using contrast echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Commonly used contrast echocardiography is often inadequate to detect a small right-to-left (R--L) shunt in minimum atrial septal defect (ASD). We found that the diagnostic accuracy in ASD could be significantly improved by simply employing a Valsalva maneuver immediately followed by a Muller maneuver to enhance the R--L shunt. This procedure enabled contrast echo to be more clearly detected in both the left atrium and left ventricle, compared with conventional contrast echocardiography. The new technique was successful in diagnosing ASD in 5 patients with Qp/Qs ratio less than 2 determined by right heart cardiac catheterization. In conclusion, the diagnosis of a small ASD is greatly improved by simply employing this new procedure of a Valsalva-Muller maneuver during contrast echocardiography. PMID- 7320538 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse associated with secundum atrial septal defect: analysis by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320539 TI - Pulmonary arterial extensibility in patients with intracardiac left to right shunt. AB - The extensibility of the pulmonary artery (PA) were examined using a combined hemodynamic and ultrasonic technique in 14 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), three with ASD and pulmonary hypertension (PH), 17 with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 11 with VSD and PH. Seven patients with neither intracardiac shunt nor PH served as controls. The tension (T) of PA was measured as the product of the pressure and the diameter (D) and was found to be high in the patients with intracardiac shunt. The resting diameter of PA (D0) was calculated as the intersect with the D axis in the regression line of PA tension-diameter relation. The Lagrangian strain of PA [(D--D0)/D0] was obtained using D0 and correlated with T yielding a linear regression equation. The elastic modulus (E) was obtained as the slope of this equation. E in the patients with ASD [(1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or VSD [(9.8 +/- 4.6) x 10(4) dynes/cm] were slightly higher than that of the control [(6.7 +/- 2.9) x 10(4) dynes/cm], but these differences were not statistically significant. However, E in the patients with ASD and PH [(2.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or in the patients with VSD and PH [(2.6 +/- 0.9) x 10(5) dynes/cm] were significantly higher than the control. E seemed unlikely to be causally related to the resistance of PA capillary beds, and was suggested to be influenced by the histological changes of the pulmonary trunk. It was concluded that the extensibility of PA in the patients with ASD or VSD was not altered secondary to the increased blood flow unless PH was associated. PMID- 7320540 TI - [Pulmonary flow velocity patterns in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a study using pulsed Doppler echocardiography combined with two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320541 TI - [Assessment of pulmonary regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320542 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital malformations of the aorta in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed in 23 patients with coarctation of the aorta, 5 with interruption of the aortic arch, 6 with supravalvular aortic stenosis, 3 with truncus arteriosus, 2 with anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta and 2 with aorto-pulmonary septal defect. The diagnosis was confirmed in each patient by surgery and/or cardiac catheterization and angiography. Visualization of the junction of isthmus and the descending aorta was possible in 18 of 23 patients with coarctation by two-dimensional echocardiography. In 13 patients correct diagnosis was obtained prospectively and in 2 patients coarctation was detected retrospectively. In only one of the 5 patients with interruption correct diagnosis was obtained and in 3 patients it was difficult to differentiate interruption from coarctation. In 5 of the 6 patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis, visualization of the area of obstruction was possible to two-dimensional echocardiography. In 2 of the 3 patients with truncus arteriosus, in whom none of the 2 had anomalous origin the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta and one of the 2 had aorto pulmonary septal defect, correct diagnosis was obtained prospectively by two dimensional echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography may offer a useful noninvasive method for the direct visualization of aortic obstructive lesions and aortic malformations. PMID- 7320543 TI - [Echocardiographic observations on mechanisms for abnormal interventricular septal motion in congenital total absence of the left pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320544 TI - [Detection of the cardiac anomalies before birth by cross-sectional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Cross-sectional echocardiography has enabled us to demonstrate foetal cardiac structures, however, only a few studies have been reported. This report deals with a recently experienced foetus with double outlet right ventricle )DORV) diagnosed by this technique, confirmed by angiography and autopsy after birth. A 24-year-old pregnant woman with 24 weeks foetus underwent echocardiographic studies to evaluate the foetal heart because of its bradycardia. The cross sectional echocardiogram showed a quite abnormal finding; i.e., two great arteries arose from the single ventricle which had coarse trabeculations. This finding suggested either DORV or single ventricle. The foetus was born at 40 weeks as a girl weighted 3040 g, and cyanosis was not observed. At one month of age, she began to experience increasing cyanosis by crying, and admitted to Keio Hospital for further examinations. She was performed catheterization and angiography, and was diagnosed as DORV. Cyanosis and dyspnea developed gradually and she died at the age of 2 months. Autopsy revealed DORV, polysplenia and dextrocardia. PMID- 7320545 TI - [Cross-sectional echocardiographic findings of a case with ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium (author's transl)]. AB - A case with ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium directly visualized by cross-sectional echocardiography was reported. A 31-year old male was referred to our hospital for evaluation of recently developed cardiac murmur. A systolic ejection murmur and diastolic blowing murmur were audible maximally at 3-4L and the latter one was also well audible at the right lower sternal border. Cardiac catheterization data revealed a large left-to-right shunt at the atrial level. The cross-sectional echocardiogram, obtained with a transducer at 5R towards the upwards and the medial direction, revealed a mass echo showing a pendulous motion through cardiac cycle in the right atrial cavity. Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva originated from the non-coronary sinus was demonstrated by aortography, and it showed the same motion as in echocardiography. From this angiographic finding and its disappearance after operation, the mass visualized by echocardiography was considered to be ruptured aneurysm itself. Thus, direct visualization of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium, as well as other types, was possible by cross sectional echocardiography. In addition, multiple coronary A-V fistulae with a small shunt were demonstrated by coronary angiography in this case. Clinical significance of the complication has not been clarified. PMID- 7320546 TI - [Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva ruptured into the interventricular septum: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 48-year-old male with a history of progressive atrioventricular conduction disturbance and a peculiar diastolic regurgitant murmur was reported. The echocardiographic examination and cineangiography disclosed an aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva ruptured into the interventricular septum, which bulged into the left ventricular outflow tract in diastole and moved toward the septum in systole. The intracardiac phonocardiogram revealed that an unperforated sac in the interventricular septum, protruded into the left ventricular outflow tract, caused an unusual regurgitant murmur. The patient underwent successful surgical repair of the perforated orifice. PMID- 7320547 TI - [Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur during inspiration (cardiopulmonary murmur) in congenital absence of the pericardium or open heart surgical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320548 TI - [Abnormal left ventricular configuration and contraction in patients with mitral stenosis: a cross-sectional echocardiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - To assess left ventricular shape and contraction pattern under the condition of the narrowed mitral orifice, 41 patients with mitral stenosis were studied by cross-sectional and M-mode echocardiography. Abnormal left ventricular configuration and asynergy were observed in 23 patients (56%). The change in configuration persisted during the cardiac cycle and was mainly due to a straightening and abnormal motion of the interventricular septum. Furthermore, hypokinesis or akinesis of the posterior left ventricular wall contributed to the change of left ventricular shape. Consequently the left ventricular shape became from circular to half moon- or pear-like configuration. Of these 23 patients, 19 had a severe degree of subvalvular lesion, whereas such a lesion was noted in only 6 of the 18 patients with normal left ventricular shape and contraction pattern. It is considered that a rigid mitral complex immobilizes the posterior wall of the left ventricle in patients with mitral stenosis. In addition, tricuspid regurgitation, which was frequently observed in our patients, may play an important role in abnormal septal motion. This study showed that abnormal left ventricular shape and asynergy in the posterior wall are not rare in patients with mitral stenosis and are due to a rigid mitral complex and associated tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 7320549 TI - [Left ventricular inflow velocity patterns of mitral stenosis by pulsed Doppler echocardiography: comparisons with two cases of left atrial myxoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320550 TI - [M-mode echocardiographic assessment of severity of mitral stenosis: clinical significance of early diastolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320551 TI - [Evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation by the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique from a transcutaneous approach (author's transl)]. AB - Severity of tricuspid regurgitation was assessed by using a combined system of the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique and two-dimensional echocardiography from a transcutaneous approach. The study group comprised 47 patients with various heart diseases, who were clinically presumed to have tricuspid regurgitation, and 10 healthy subjects. 1) Pansystolic abnormal flow signal was detected in an area from the tricuspid valve into the right atrial cavity in 43 patients including 8 patients without definitive signs of tricuspid regurgitation. Such abnormal flow had never been detected in healthy subjects and was considered to represent tricuspid regurgitant flow. Tricuspid regurgitant flow usually exhibited a wide band spectrum of velocity component indicating a disturbed flow. In 4 patients with clinical signs of severe tricuspid regurgitation, a laminar flow was detected in the right atrial cavity, which was considered to indicate a regurgitant jet in the central part of tricuspid regurgitant flow. 2) The area where tricuspid regurgitant flow was detected was interpreted as revealing the main direction and spread of tricuspid regurgitant flow. Based on this finding, severity of TR was classified into 4 grades by the assessment on the basis of the distance reached by tricuspid regurgitant flow in the right atrium. Severity of tricuspid regurgitation was also classified into 4 grades by right ventriculography. The grade of tricuspid regurgitation assessed by Doppler technique was nearly consistent with that assessed by right ventriculography. Severity of tricuspid regurgitation was also classified into 4 grades on the basis of the extent of the area where the regurgitant flow spread, and nearly the same results were obtained as those described above. 3) Thus, the combined use of Doppler flowmetry and two-dimensional echocardiography proved to be useful for detecting tricuspid regurgitant flow and assessing the severity of tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 7320552 TI - [Detection of aortic valve prolapse by cross-sectional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiography has been widely used for a detection of mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse. However, no extensive study has been made for a recognition of aortic valve prolapse. In this study, an echocardiographic search for aortic valve prolapse was attempted on 1700 consecutive cases at our laboratory including 70 cases with aortic regurgitation and 30 with mitral valve prolapse. Criteria of aortic valve prolapse by cross-sectional echocardiography were as follows: (1) eccentric coaptation point of aortic valve cusps, (2) asymmetric enlargement of the aortic valve cusp, and (3) downward displacement of the cusps. Using the above-mentioned criteria, five cases were recognized as having aortic valve prolapse, and it was divided into the following three morphological patterns: (1) prolapse of the right coronary cusp (1 case), (2) prolapse of the left coronary cusp (1) case, and (3) prolapse of the noncoronary cusp (3 cases). All 5 cases showed apparent aortic regurgitation, while none of these cases had any evidence of mitral valve prolapse. From the present observations, it might be suggestive that aortic valve prolapse is one of the common causes of aortic regurgitation. Elucidation of a spectrum of aortic valve prolapse should wait for a further extensive study. PMID- 7320553 TI - [Studies on the genesis of the aortic thudding sound in patients with aortic insufficiency, with special reference to the aortic flow pattern (author's transl)]. AB - To clarify the genesis of the aortic thudding sound (AK), phono-, mechano- and pulsed Doppler echocardiography were performed in 16 patients with pure aortic insufficiency (AI), 3 with AI associated with mild aortic stenosis (AIs) and 5 with AI associated with mitral insufficiency (AI + MI). The results obtained were as follows: 1) AK was composed of two components, that is, one (AK1) occurred in early systole and the other (AK2) near the end point of an ejection systolic murmur. Patients studied were divided into 4 groups following the appearance of AK1 and/or AK2: group with only AK1 (4 cases), group with only AK2 (7 cases), group with both AK1 and AK2 (5 cases) and group without AK (8 cases). 2) AK1 was a low frequency sound and was well recorded from the cardiac base to the right supraclavicular region. AK1 was not observed in cases with mild to moderate AI and with AI associated with mild AS. In atrial fibrillation, when the preceding R R intervals were long, AK1 was loud and appeared in early systole, and when short, small and in mid-systole. Marked augmentation of AK1 was observed in the first beat after premature ventricular contraction with a compensatory pause. 3) AK2 was also low in frequency and was most intensively recorded near the apex. Although the intensity of AK2 tended to increase in the severe cases of AI, AK2 could be observed in mild to moderate cases. Intensity of AK2 also showed the post-extrasystolic potentiation similar to that of AK1. 4) The carotid pulse showed pulsus bisferiens in all cases with AK2 (group with only AK2 and group with both AK1 and AK2). On the other hand, in cases without AK2 (group without AK and group with only AK1), carotid pulse showed a monophasic systolic wave except 3 cases. These results suggested that there was a close relationship between AK2 and pulsus bisferiens in the carotid pulse. (5) In the apex cardiogram (ACG), systolic notches coincident with AK1 and/or AK2 were observed in 10 of 12 cases with AK2 and in 4 of 9 cases with AK1. In cases without AK, however, no notch was seen in ACG. Therefore, these notches might be resulted from the shock of the anterior chest wall produced simultaneously with the occurrence of AK. 6) Flow patterns at the left ventricular outflow tract (aortic flow patterns) were recorded in 13 cases, including 3 with only AK1, 2 with only AK2, 3 with both AK1 and AK2 and 5 without AK. In 5 of 13 cases the flow patterns were recorded simultaneously with phonocardiograms. Systolic aortic flow showed biphasic patterns in all cases with AK2, and monophasic patterns in cases without AK2. AK1 occurred coincidentally with the first peak of the biphasic flow patterns, and AK2 with the second peak. These results suggested that AK1 might be produced by rapid ejection of massive amount of blood containing a regurgitant flow into the aorta with the ordinarily distensiblwe aortic wall, and AK2 by the clash between the second ejected flow and the reflected flow returning from the peripheral artery against the first ejected flow. PMID- 7320554 TI - [The echocardiographic study in 13 cases with infective endocarditis (author's transl)]. AB - The echocardiographic study was performed in 13 cases with infective endocarditis including one case with annular subvalvular left ventricular (LV) aneurysm. The echocardiographic findings were compared with clinical as well as anatomical findings obtained by surgery or autopsy. The valvular vegetations were visualized echocardiographically in 6 cases (46%); 2 cases in aortic valve (AV), 2 in mitral valve (MV) and 2 in both valves. In 3 out of 4 cases with AV vegetation, the abnormal echo was seen in the LV outflow tract. Two out of these 3 cases indicated "flail aortic leaflet" with early closure of the MV, and immediate aortic valve replacement was performed. Unfortunately, one died 4 weeks after operation. The echocardiographic findings showed good correlation with anatomical findings in 4 cases with valve replacement. Out of 4 cases with MV vegetation, one developed the progressive growth with subsequent rupture of the chordae tendinae to the anterior mitral leaflet, which paralleled to the clinical deterioration. In another one case, the echocardiographic size of vegetation in the MV reduced significantly shortly after the episode of cerebral embolism. In a case of annular subvalvular LV aneurysm possibly due to infective endocarditis, echo free space was visualized in the interventricular septum, coinciding well with postmortem anatomical findings. It seemed to be reasonable to indicate surgical repair in cases with evident vegetation and considerable destruction of AV, in which congestive heart failure inevitably develops and the prognosis is poor. PMID- 7320555 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic approach to the localization of myocardial infarction: echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and coronary arteriographic correlations (author's transl)]. AB - Location of infarct lesions (IL) demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was correlated with electrocardiographic patterns of myocardial infarction and with the sites of obstructive lesions in the individual coronary arteries. The left ventricular wall was displayed by phased-array 2DE in 47 patients with healed myocardial infarction, 29 of whom underwent coronary arteriography. Segmental analysis of IL was performed on 14 segments, 10 of which were obtained by the parasternal short-axis recordings at the mitral (basal) and papillary muscle (mid) levels (each level containing the anterior septum, anterior wall, lateral wall, posterior wall, and posterior septum). The remaining 4 segments (septum, anterior wall, lateral wall, posterior wall) were obtained by the apical 2-chamber and 4-chamber recordings. IL were defined as akinesis, thinning, increased echo density, or absent systolic thickening of the left ventricular wall. All 22 patients with anterior infarction (Q in V1-V4) had IL in the mid anterior septum which was specific for the lesion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The presence or absence of the r wave in V1 could not predict the involvement of this segment. IL in the apical anterior wall and septum were observed in 21 of 22 patients. The presence of Q waves in V5, V6 suggested the additional involvement of the apical posterior wall. Additional Q waves in I, aVL indicated the extension of IL from the mild anterior septum to the basal anterior septum, anterior wall, and mid anterior wall. The basal and mid lateral walls appeared normal in most patients. This pattern of IL distribution was observed in 5 of 6 patients with a stenosis on the proximal LAD. All 14 patients with inferior infarction (Q in II, III, aVF) had IL in the mid posterior wall and posterior septum. In contrast, 5 patients with infero-posterior infarction (Q in II, III, aVF + R in V1) and 6 patients with posterior infarction (R in V1) had IL in the mid lateral as well as the mid posterior wall without an involvement of the posterior septum. Coronary arteriography revealed that all of the 10 patients with inferior infarction had a stenosis in the right coronary artery, whereas 6 patients with infero-posterior or posterior infarction invariably had a stenosis in the left circumflex coronary artery. It was concluded that 2DE provides a reliable method for detecting IL and anatomic location of myocardial infarction reflecting a specific coronary artery disease. PMID- 7320556 TI - [Clinical usefulness of RI angiography using amplitude image and phase image by Fourier analysis for the detection of anteroseptal myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In 19 patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction, the wall motion of interventricular septum was analyzed by RI angiography using the amplitude image and the phase image. Both images were obtained from ECG gated blood pool data by Fourier analysis. Namely, from the first harmonic in the Fourier series, the heart motion was detected as the amplitude and phase of time-activity curve in each pixel. The distribution of the amplitudes and phases were displayed in color scale, and then both the amplitude and phase images were acquired. Those images allowed us visualization of the ischemic area, even if the scar was parallel to the detector. Moreover, we were able to assess the wall motion of the entire interventricular septum and to distinguish hypokinetic region and dyskinetic region from the hypokinetic region with shift of phase estimated by conventional method. Abnormal region detected by those images closely corresponded with the region of decreased radioisotope concentration in thallium-201 myocardial scintigram. PMID- 7320557 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial infarction by ECG gated cardiac computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - ECG gated cardiac computed tomography (cardiac (T) was performed in 9 cases with old myocardial infarction. Seven of these had anterio-septal infarction, one had inferior wall infarction and the remaining one had posterior wall infarction. All were investigated by left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. Cardiac CT was performed after intravenous administration of contrast medium usually given as a bolus injection. The infarcted myocardium was thin and showed abnormal wall motion in cardiac CT, but the motion did not always coincide with left ventricular cineangiographic findings. In 3 cases, mural thrombi at the left ventricular apex were observed by cardiac CT, and in 2 of which the thrombi were confirmed by left ventriculography. In 2 cases, cardiac CT showed stasis of contrast medium and aneurysmal formation in the left ventricular cavity and the aneurysms were confirmed by left ventriculography. Sequential 8 mm thick non-ECG gated cardiac CT scans from the cardiac apex to the base were performed in 7 cases with anterio-septal infarction, and the infarcted area were observed in the anterior interventricular septum in 6 cases. We concluded that cardiac CT was a useful noninvasive method to detect abnormal wall motion, abnormally thin wall, mural thrombus and left ventricular aneurysm in old myocardial infarction. PMID- 7320558 TI - [Echocardiographic triangular patterns of the mitral valve in acute myocardial infarction: a clinical and experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic study was performed on the mitral valve echogram in cases with clinical as well as experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The echocardiograms were recorded in 88 patients with AMI within 7 days from the onset. In 8 patients (9%), and abnormal monophasic triangular diastolic pattern of the mitral valve was observed. Among them, 6 were examined within 12 hours after the onset and the remainder 2 within 24 hours. In all 8, markedly prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) was present. Mitral valve motion, IRT and peak negative dp/dt of the left ventricle were examined in 5 mongrel dogs following obstruction of the main left coronary artery, one of which was followed up for next 24 hours. Following coronary occlusion, the IRT progressively prolonged from the control value of 20 msec to 130 msec (15 min), 130 msec (30 min), 140 msec (1 hr), 150 msec (6 hr) and 150 msec (24 hr), respectively. The respective values of peak negative dp/dt were 2,000, 800, 840, 840, and 620 mmHg/sec. The possible explanation for these changes was the impaired active relaxation of the left ventricle, resulting in a delayed opening (or at least the lack of usual diastolic opening) of the mitral value, which gave an abortive E-point or a markedly delayed D point. We conclude that the diastolic monophasic triangular pattern of the mitral valve echogram in a reflection of the prolonged left ventricular isovolumic relaxation, and an index of impaired left ventricular diastolic relaxation. PMID- 7320559 TI - [Heart sounds and heart murmurs in progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type (author's transl)]. AB - Phonocardiographic and echocardiographic investigation was performed in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type (PMD). The clinical materials consisted of 90 patients with PMD (aged 8 to 21 yrs, a mean of 14.5), and 90 normal subjects (aged 6 to 19 yrs, a mean of 11.7). The patients with PMD were classified into 8 stages from the mildest, S(1), to the severest, S(8), according to Swinyard-Deaver' criteria. In the 90 normal subjects the diminished first heart sound was noted in 12 cases (13.3%), presystolic murmurs in 4 cases (4.4%), and diastolic rumbles in 9 cases (10%), whereas, in the patients with PMD the diminished first heart sound was noted in 47 cases (52.2%), presystolic murmurs in 41 cases (45.6%), and diastolic rumbles in 44 cases (48.9%). There was a significant difference in the incidence of the above-mentioned three phonocardiographic findings between the PMD patients and the normal subjects. But there was no significant difference in the incidence of a systolic click between these two groups. The incidence of the diminished first heart sound increased with the progress of Swinyard-Deaver' classification. A presystolic murmur was observed with the highest incidence in the stage of S(8). The incidence of a rumble was also augmented with increasing severity of the disorder from the stages of S(1) to S(7), but decreased in S(8). Another attenpt was made to relate the phonocardiographic findings to those of the echocardiogram. In the cases with anterior mitral leaflet fluttering, there were diastolic rumble in 69% whereas 16.7% of the patients without anterior mitral leaflet fluttering had diastolic rumbles. In two-dimensional echocardiography, the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets looked like pennants fluttering in the wind. All these observations positively indicate that anterior mitral leaflet fluttering was closely associated with the genesis of rumbles. Consequently, it can be concluded that the diminished first heart sound, presystolic murmurs and diastolic rumbles might be useful clinical signs in the assessment of the myocardial involvement in PMD. PMID- 7320560 TI - [Systolic time intervals and echocardiographic parameters in Hegglin syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The cardiac function in Hegglin syndrome (HS; prolonged QT interval and shortened QS2) remains unclear. In order to estimate cardiac function of HS, left ventricular echocardiographic parameters and systolic time intervals (STI) were analyzed, and compared with those of normal subjects (N) (n = 20). Forty-six patients (pts) of HS are constituted of 23 pts with chronic renal failure, 7 with cardiomyopathy, 5 with ischemic heart disease, 5 with essential hypertension, 4 with acquired valvular disease, 1 with effusive pericarditis and 1 with Romano Ward syndrome. Corrected preejection period (PEPc) and PEP/ET were significantly larger (0.15 +/- 0.02 vs 0.13 +/- 0.01, p less than 0.001; 0.48 +/- 0.13 vs 0.35 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.001, respectively) in HS. Corrected ejection time (ETc) was significantly smaller (0.37 +/- 0.02 vs 0.41 +/- 0.01, p less than 0.001) in HS. Mitral EF slope (DDR), ejection fraction (EF), and mean ventricular circumferential fiber shortening (mVCF) were significantly decreased (58 +/- 29 vs 92 +/- 25, p less than 0.001; 0.52 +/- 0.15 vs 0.62 +/- 0.07; p less than 0.005; 0.98 +/- 0.33 vs 1.18 +/- 0.20; p less than 0.05, respectively) in HS, but cardiac index (C.I.) did not differ. Thus, patients with Hegglin syndrome showed heart failure pattern in STI and hypodynamic cardiac function in echocardiographic parameters, and our data suggest that hypodynamic cardiac function of HS is caused by both lowered pump function and decreased myocardial contractility. PMID- 7320561 TI - [Counterclockwise rotation of the heart: a correlative study with tomographic echocardiography]. AB - On the long-axis view of tomographic echocardiography, the aorto-septal angle (AS angle) of cases with straight back syndrome was wide and was thought to be due to clockwise rotation of the heart rather than right ventricular enlargement. In the present study, the AS angle of 21 cases with counterclockwise rotation of the heart (CCW) was measured on the long-axis view. The counterclockwise rotation of the heart defined here as having a shift of the transitional zone to the right with a small septal q wave at V2 and/or V3 to V6 in the precordial leads. Every case of CCW was found to have an absence of main pulmonary artery shadow on posteroanterior projection of the chest X-ray film. The control groups consisted of 40 normal individuals and 14 cases of straight back syndrome. The AS angle of normals ranged from 120 degrees to 158 degrees with a mean of 142 degrees. The AS angle of the latter varied from 140 degrees to 165 degrees with a mean of 150 degrees. On the other hand, the 21 cases with CCW showed the AS angle from 80 degrees to 129 degrees with a mean of 102 degrees. Since every CCW showed dilatation and/or elongation of the thoracic aorta on their radiographs, the narrowed AS angle was probably due to rightward twist of left ventricular outflow tract with some posterior retraction of the aorta. This causes the rightward twist of upper portion of the septum and results in a shift of the transitional zone to the right with a small q wave at V2 and/or V3 to V6 in the precordial leads. When normally visible main pulmonary artery shadow disappears on the postero-anterior chest X-ray film, the CCW is indicated radiographically. The narrowing of the AS angles on the long-axis views of tomographic echocardiography also indicates the CCW and correlate with both electrocardiographic and radiographic findings of CCW. The cause of CCW has not been well delineated. In the previous paper, we have suggested that the left ventricular overloading has little influence in producing CCW. In the present study, the 21 cases with CCW did not show either the left ventricular hypertrophy or the dilatation on their echocardiograms further supporting our hypothesis. PMID- 7320562 TI - [Estimation of right ventricular morphology by two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320563 TI - [Digital image processing of the two-dimensional echocardiogram for the evaluation of regional contractility of the left ventricular wall (author's transl)]. AB - Short-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle at the levels of the mitral valve, papillary muscles and apex were recorded on video tape by using a phased-array sector scanner. Endocardial and epicardial outlines of the cross sectional left ventricular wall were determined automatically by a computer tracing process including digital image processing system. Short axis cross sectional left ventricular walls of upper-, middle- and lower parts of the left ventricle were divided into eight segments, the center of gravity of end diastolic left ventricular cavity being used as the reference point. Various parameters such as segmental radius, segmental wall thickness, cross-sectional area, left ventricular circumference and those changes during the cardiac cycle were determined in eight segments at three levels of the left ventricle. Regional contractility of the left ventricular wall was evaluated by systolic shortening of segmental radius and systolic thickening of segmental wall thickness. Contractility and pumping function of the overall left ventricle was assessed by shortening velocity of left ventricular circumference and fractional changes of cross-sectional area at three levels of the left ventricle. These were significantly and diffusely reduced in a patient with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM), contrasting with a normal subject. Systolic changes in segmental radius and segmental wall thickness were significantly reduced in infarcted myocardium. Digital image processing system and segmental analysis of the left ventricular short-axis two-dimensional echocardiogram are very useful to evaluate the regional contractility of the left ventricle, quantitatively and automatically, especially in patients with myocardial disease including CCM and myocardial infarction with left ventricular asynergy. PMID- 7320564 TI - [Quantitative cineangiographic evaluation of the valvular regurgitant flow ratio by digital image processing technique (author's transl)]. AB - By application of digital image processing technique to cineangiogram, possibility to calculate the valvular regurgitant flow ratio, especially in patents with aortic regurgitation, was examined. The image processor used was RT6404 made by Amast Computer CO, and the microcomputer to control the image processor was H68TR made by Hitachi Industrial Co. The image of the cineangiogram was photographed by televicamera, and the image processor converted the televi signal to digitized image. Total volume and concentration of contrast medium in the ventricle was integrated in each systole and diastole. In patients without aortic regurgitation, the volume of contrast medium was not increased in the next diastole after the end of injection. On the contrary, in cases of aortic regurgitation, the volume of contrast medium was increased in the next diastole because of regurgitation. Thus, the regurgitant flow ratio could be calculated from the ejected volume in systole immediately before this diastole and the increased volume caused by the regurgitation. PMID- 7320565 TI - [Atrial filling fraction obtained by aortic root echocardiogram: its consecutive change in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320566 TI - [Clinical study on left atrial thrombi: comparative study between echocardiography and CT scan (author's transl)]. AB - We studied left atrial thrombi (LAT) by both echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) and compared the features of the 2 methods. A total of 15 patients with mitral stenosis complicated by atrial fibrillation were selected as the subjects. LAT were noted on the M-mode echocardiograms in 2 patients including a questionably positive one, on the two-dimensional echocardiograms in 5, and on the CT scans in 6 of 15. The history of thromboembolism was rather frequent and was found in 7 of 15 patients. However, LAT was found in only 3 of these on the CT scans. A shaggy or fuzzy pattern on the M-mode echocardiogram cannot be regarded as representing thrombi, while a laminar pattern undoubtedly represented thrombi. Two-dimensional echocardiography has considerably contributed to the improved detection rate of LAT. For the characteristic properties of ultrasound beams, however, it was impossible to investigate the entire left atrium. The detection of the thrombi in the appendage was especially difficult. However, computed tomography, permitting transverse cross-sectional tomography, was capable of sectioning the heart even in the presence of air and bones. The measurement of CT values was suggestive of the properties of the substance or substances involved, and also allowed the presumption as to whether the thrombus has been fibrosed. Furthermore, it was possible to estimate more accurately as well as 3-dimensionally the location, shape and dimensions of the thrombi by the reconstruction of the heart according to the CT values. It was concluded that echocardiography and computed tomography are the mutual aid to further improvement in the detection rate of left atrial thrombi. PMID- 7320567 TI - [Detection of left ventricular thrombi by echotomography and computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Left ventricular (LV) thrombi are rarely recognized during life, though they are not infrequent at the post-mortem examination of patients succumbed to valvular disease, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy. We presented five cases in which LV thrombi were detected by cross-sectional echocardiography (CSE) and confirmed by computed tomography. The main purpose of this study was to compare the echocardiographic findings of the LV thrombi with the manifestations of the LV thrombi on the computed tomograms, with a hope to augment the clinical utility of CSE in the detection of LV thrombi. CSE was recorded from the apical and four chamber views in addition to the conventional approach. A computed tomographic whole-body scanner which utilized a continuously rotating gantry and pulsed anode with X-ray radiation collimated to form a thin fan-shaped beam was used. A complete section scan was performed in 3 seconds. Sustained enhancement was obtained with a rapid intravenous infusion of 30% meglumine iothalanate. Most of the LV thrombi showed an abnormal echo with irregular borders and/or a mobile mass echo at the apex by CSE. Computed tomographic findings suggestive of LV thrombi appeared as a defect, which was apparently different in quality from the surrounding myocardium or valvular apparatus. These findings were quite consistent with those of CSE with respect to the number and the location of the LV thrombi. Consequently, it may be concluded that CSE is a useful adjunct in the detection of LV thrombi and an additional use of computed tomograph will certainly open up a promising way to make the secure diagnosis of LV thrombi. PMID- 7320568 TI - [Cross-sectional echocardiographic features of mobile left ventricular thrombi (author's transl)]. AB - To assess the frequency, characteristics and relation to systemic embolization of mobile left ventricular thrombi, 154 patients with myocardial infarction were studied by cross-sectional echocardiography. In 5 (3%) a mobile left ventricular thrombus was detected. The electrocardiograms of all these patients showed anterior wall myocardial infarction pattern. One had cerebral embolism and two died suddenly. The cause of sudden death was not known, but it may be related to the presence of mobile left ventricular thrombi. In the remaining 149 patients, only 3 (2%) had cerebral or peripheral embolism. Mobile left ventricular thrombi was shown as rotating abnormal echoes arising from the left ventricular wall (infarcted area) by cross-sectional echocardiography. The size of thrombus was variable in each case. We concluded that cross-sectional echocardiography was useful in detecting mobile left ventricular thrombi, and that mobile left ventricular thrombi may be related to cerebral or peripheral emboli secondary to myocardial infraction. PMID- 7320569 TI - [Cross-sectional echocardiographic study on left atrial thrombus: detection rate by various cross-sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320570 TI - [Echocardiographic and non-gated computed tomographic findings of intrapericardial tumor and mediastinal tumor adjacent to the heart (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic and computed tomographic findings of a case of intrapericardial tumor are reported, and two other cases of mediastinal tumor are presented in a discussion of the differential diagnosis of intrapericardial from mediastinal tumors. CASE REPORT: A 7-year-old male complained of cough and dyspnea. Cardiomegaly had been pointed out at a mass X-ray examination about a month prior to the admission. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a massive anterior pericardial effusion and a fist-sized tumor with cystic structure. The tumor pushed the heart backward at the level of the aortic root. Non-gated computed tomography of the chest disclosed the size and location of the tumor, but failed to clarify the internal structure. The patient underwent successful removal of a tumor, 12 x 10 x 8 cm in size and 350 g in weight, originating from the left atrial wall. Histologically, the tumor was a fibrosarcomatous mesothelioma. Usually, an intrapericardial tumor is easily suspected by echocardiography by the presence of pericardial effusion, although there have been a few reports of intrapericardial tumors without pericardial effusion. Echocardiographic diagnosis of the intrapericardial tumor is difficult in such cases. Identification of the pericardium is necessary to diagnose whether a tumor is intra- or extrapericardial. This identification, however, is not always easy by echocardiography when the ultrasonic beams become tangent to the pericardium. The pericardium between the tumor and the heart could not be identified by echocardiography in our two cases of mediastinal tumor. Computed tomography is helpful in diagnosing the size and location of a mediastinal tumor. PMID- 7320571 TI - [Technical evaluation of pulmonary arterial wedge contrast echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320572 TI - [Echocardiographic application for the quantitation of the volume of pericardial effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320573 TI - [Long-term bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320574 TI - [Diagnosis of aortic root diseases by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320575 TI - [Evaluation of the mitral valve in patients with mitral stenosis by two dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320576 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the thoracic aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320577 TI - [An experimental study on the protective effect of hyperpotassemic cardioplegia on the ischemic myocardium: with special reference to additive myocardial protective effect of myocardial hypothermia and difference in protective effect by two different hyperpotassemic solutions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320578 TI - [Primary total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in less than one year of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320579 TI - [Experimental study of pulsatile assist device -effects on cardiac function and myocardial metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320580 TI - [An experimental study of cardiac lymph: with special reference to global ischemia of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320581 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320582 TI - [Surgical treatment of localized pulmonary aspergillosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320583 TI - [Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia in mirror image dextrocardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320584 TI - [Surgical correction of complete atrioventricular canal in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320585 TI - [Conformation of biologically active peptides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320586 TI - [Quench flow method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320587 TI - [Mechanism of recognition of tumor cells by hosts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320589 TI - [Fusion injection--a microinjection method using erythrocyte ghosts as a vector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320588 TI - [Role of the microsomal electron-transport system in lanosterol demethylation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320590 TI - [The influence on the urinary tract function after modified radical hysterectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Total urodynamics tests, subjective complaints and intravenous pyelographic findings were investigated in order to clarify the condition of urinary tract after modified radical hysterectomy, comparing with radical hysterectomy with complete preservation of the plexus pelvics. The following results were obtained. 1) No subjective complaints of urination were obtained at three months after the operation. 2) The cystometrograms and the urethral profile pressure patterns after the operation were same as the preoperative patterns. 3) The urinary flow curves revealed normal patterns except one case. 4) In I.V.P. findings, considerable transient disturbances were noted on the upper urinary tract in 15.8%. 5) The patients with radical hysterectomy of complete preservation of the plexus pelvics remained direct operative disturbance at three months and from any view points we investigated the radical hysterectomy, even with complete preservation of the plexus pelvics remained worse influence in patients than modified radical hysterectomy. PMID- 7320591 TI - [Studies of solid ovarian tumors in Tokai District (author's transl)]. AB - The prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma is believed as worst among malignant diseases in the field of gynecology. Multiple factors including clinical stage, histologic type and grade may play an important role in the prognosis of patients. Because of these factors and the few cases of ovarian carcinoma seen in any one center over a short period, the ability to make valid evaluation of these factors has been limited. We organized ovarian tumor studying group in Tokai district with eleven member hospital and analyzed 453 cases of solid ovarian tumor retrospectively. 1) Cumulative survival rate was calculated according to the clinical stages. Five year survival rate of stage 1 was about 80%, that of stage 2 was about 30% and that of stage 3 and stage 4 were around 10% respectively. 2) Cumulative survival rate was calculated according to histologic types. There was minor variation of survival by histologic types. When we compared with different histologic types by same clinical stages such as stage 1 and stage 3 there was no definite differences of survival rate except slightly poor prognosis in case of mucinous cystadnocarcinoma. 3) Cumulative survival rate was calculated according to histologic grading. Histologic grade affects the prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7320592 TI - [The role of circulating immune complexes in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The circulating immune complexes in pregnancy sera have been thought to act immunosuppressively to maternal lymphoid system, and to be one of the cause of toxemia of pregnancy. We detected circulating immune complexes in human pregnancy sera using Raji cell test and polyethylene glycol precipitation. We evaluated the correlation between the titers of immune complexes and inhibition rate of lymphocyte blastogenic responses to PHA as well as Con A. There were significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.02, respectively). Moreover, we also evaluate the correlation between immune complexes and clinical symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy in items of Gestosis Index. There was no significant correlation at the time of sampling, but highly significant correlation was obtained at the time of admission for labor. The differences of Gestosis Indexes at the time of blood sampling and admission for labor were highly significant in the group of high immune complex titer. The cases of toxemia of pregnancy were found that immune complex increased before the symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy appeared. These results suggest that circulating immune complexes in pregnancy have the role of immunosuppression and act as one of the cause of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7320593 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on corrosion casts for rabbit ovarian follicle microvasculature during the ovulatory and luteinizing process (author's transl)]. AB - The microvasculature of rabbit ovarian follicles were investigated three dimensionally with resin casting/SEM technique during ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The basic vascular pattern around Graafian follicles remains essentially unchanged, except for expansion of the blood vessels to keep pace with follicle growth, until ovulation occurs. The resin leaked out from the inner capillary wreath and could not get into the apical vessels just prior to ovulation. These findings indicate the increased capillary permeability and congestion of blood stream at the apical region shortly before ovulation. At 3-5 hours after ovulation, the unusually dilated vessels were developed into the follicular cavity, and then the fine vessels in radiating arrangement sprouted from the theca capillary wreath in one or two days. There seems to be regulatory roles of vascular systems in ovulatory and luteinizing process. PMID- 7320594 TI - [Studies on parametrial infiltration of uterine cervical cancer (author's transl)]. AB - It is clear that the prognosis of uterine cervical cancer depends on the spread of cancer, especially lymphnodes metastases and parametrial infiltration. The correct diagnosis of parametrial infiltration before treatment is, however, difficult and there are many over- and under-diagnosis. In this paper, we discuss the details of parametrial infiltration based on the radically hysterectomized specimens in Shinshu University Hospital from 1964 to 1978. In these period, 284 cases of uterine cervical cancer were operated by Okabayashi's radical hysterectomy and our postoperative classification were carried out. The results were as follows; 1) The incidence of parametrial infiltration were 16.4 in Stage Ib, 36.6% in Stage IIa, 57.5% in Stage IIb and 35.6% in all cases. 2) When divided the parametrial tissue into three parts, we could find carcinomatous infiltration into uterine part in 77.3% of positive cases, middle part in 16.2% and pelvic part in 16.2%. 3) The agreement between clinical diagnosis and histological findings were 72.2% in all cases. 4) The CPL classification had close relation with parametrial infiltration (C type; 0%, P type; 17.9%, L type; 61.8%). 5) The 5-year survival rate of patients with infiltration showed poor outcome (63.0% in 81 cases), but that with no infiltration had good prognosis (98.4% in 128 cases). In conclusion, parametrial infiltration is very important for treating the uterine cervical cancer patients. PMID- 7320595 TI - [A study on luteal function during consecutive cycles (author's transl)]. AB - It is conceivable that luteal function is varied with different menstrual cycles. A study was therefore undertaken to investigate for changes in luteal function during consecutive menstrual cycles. METHODS: From those women receiving ambulatory treatment at the hospital 30 displaying a biphasic basal body temperature (BBT) curve were chosen for the study. BBT records were obtained from each of these women for at least 3 consecutive cycles and a total of 194 cycles thus rendered available were evaluated for the pattern of BBT, the duration of high phase (DHP), high phase score (HPS) and planimetric luteal index (PLI). Twenty of these 30 women were subjected further to endometrial dating at the 7th 8th day of high phase with simultaneous determinations of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) during 2 consecutive cycles. RESULTS: The incidences of abnormal values of the parameters for at least one of the consecutive cycles studied were: DHP; 13.3% pattern; 50-100%, HPS; 40.0%, PLI; 13.3%, E2; 25%, P; 25%, PRL; 30%, endometrial dating; 65%. These results indicate a considerable variability of luteal function. PMID- 7320596 TI - [Studies on the abnormal proliferation of the uterine endometrium, with reference to the cell surface electric charge density (author's transl)]. AB - It has been observed that the surface charge of cells may increase during cell multiplication. Therefore, the studies were performed to investigate the cytopathogenesis of the endometrial abnormal proliferation by tracing cell microelectrophoretic changes. The studies consist of: 1. The comparison of surface charges on cells between proliferative and secretory phases of endometrium. 2. Changes of the surface charge in cases of the endometrial cells after curretage, and of cystic hyperplasia and/or differentiated adenocarcinoma of endometrium. 3. Those hormonal effects on cell surface charge as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol on cases above mentioned in vivo and in vitro. 4. Relationship between electric charge and sialic acid on cell surface. 5. Quantitative variation of sialic acid on cell surface when those hormonal agents were applied. The results were as follows: 1. The negative charge on endometrial cell surface increased according to the cell proliferation and decreased in differentiation. 2. Estrogen usually increased the surface charge while progesterone decreased it in both normal and abnormal states of the endometrium, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Testosterone showed effects similar to those of progesterone, while no cortisol affected the surface charge density of endometrial cells. 3. Sialic acid were even more in cases of higher surface charge on cells. 4. Estrogen increased sialic acid an progesterone decreased it. Testosterone showed similar effects to progesterone and cortisol did not affect the sialic acid quantity. 5. Anticarcinogenic agents generally decreased the electric charge of cell surface. As a result, it was known that the density of surface charge on endometrial cells determined by cell microelectrophoresis increased in cell proliferation and decreased in differentiation of endometrial cells. Those variation may depend upon some steroid hormones such as estrogen or progesterone. PMID- 7320597 TI - [Implication of progesterone in the resumption of meiosis of rat follicular ova (author's transl)]. AB - Gonadal steroids induced by ovulatory stimuli may be among the factors regulating resumption of meiosis even in mammals. Possible role of progesterone on the resumption of meiosis was studied by examining the effects of neutralization of endogenous progesterone induced by an ovulatory dose of hCG with rabbit antiserum to progesterone (anti-P) on oocyte maturation in rats. Immature rats received subcutaneous injection of 5 IU PMS on day 22 followed by intravenous injection of 10 IU hCG 56 hrs later. Animals were sacrificed 6 hrs after hCG injection and number of oocytes with or without germinal vesicle breakdown was counted on serial sections of both ovaries. Treatment with anti-P induced a marked decrease in incidence of meiosis of follicular ova in large (greater than 250 microns in diameter), but no appreciable change occurred in intermediate follicles (125-250 microns in diameter). With the replacement of exogenous P, percent incidence of resumption of meiosis recovered significantly, but not completely, in large follicles compared to those in the control group. The results can be interpreted as indicating the conversion of progesterone into estrogen which may exert the partial inhibition on meiosis by estrogen. When the replacement of exogenous P was supplemented with the simultaneous injection of antiserum to estrone to neutralize endogeneous estrogen, a complete recovery of resumption of meiosis in large follicles was observed. The present results suggest that the hCG-induced preovulatory progesterone has a localized facilitating effect on the resumption of meiosis of oocytes, predominantly in the large follicles of rats. PMID- 7320598 TI - [Clinicopathological study of twenty-two cases of benign chondroblastoma (author's transl)]. AB - Benign chondroblastoma, a rare bone tumor clinically and histologically resembles giant cell tumor. We have experienced twenty-two cases of histologically confirmed benign chondroblastoma over the 25 year period from 1952 to 1978. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 46 years, with an average of 20 years. Fifteen cases were in the second decade. Males were predominant to females with a ratio of 2.7:1. Location of the tumor varied widely. The tumor was located in the long bones in 18 out of 22 and limited to the epiphysis in 15. Detailed histological examination in twelve cases with hematoxylin-eosin, alucian blue, toluidine blue, silver impregnation and safranin-O staining, revealed positive staining with alucian blue and PAS. PAS positive granules wee found within cytoplasm and identified as glycogen granules by electron microscopy. However, metachromasia was not always positive and none of these cases stained positive with safranin-O. Rich reticulin fibers encircled each tumor cell and each group of cells. Electronmicroscopic study of 4 cases revealed two types of giant cells. The cell membrane had many microvilli-like protrusions, and the nuclei of the tumor cells were irregular in appearance and had large indentations. Sometimes many fine filaments and electron dense fine granules were observed in intercellular chondroid space. Morphological study of cultured cells was done in two cases. Morphology of these tumor cells proved to be different from fibroblasts, cultured chondrocytes and macrophages. Tumor cells moved rapidly and had undulating membranes at the pseudopodia. From these findings, we speculated that the origin of the benign chondroblastoma cell may be histiocytic cells. Surgical treatment of this tumor was carried out as follows. Curettage was performed in 16 cases, with bone graft in 15, resection 4 and amputation in two. Recurrence was noted on two cases, although no further recurrence occurred after reoperations for nine and twelve years respectively. PMID- 7320599 TI - [Studies on bone infections induced by non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria- clinical investigation and an experimental osteomyelitis (author's transl)]. AB - Little information is available in Japan regarding the clinical and experimental bone infections induced by non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. 1) The detection of anaerobic bacteria using the pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized GAM medium was carried out on 15 patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University Hospital due to bone infections in the past 2 years (1977-1978). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified in 7 patients out of the 15 (46.7%). Complications of various kinds of neurological disease, such as caudal nerve injury, spinal cord tumor and other neuropathies, were also detected in these patients. In addition, the complication of diabetes mellitus was found in 2 patients. All patients had open wounds, decubitus on sacral region or intractable ulcer of foot infected with both anaerobes and aerobes. II) The attempt to make an experimental osteomyelitis was undertaken using non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria B. fragilis. A) B. fragilis (10(5) CFU) adsorbed on a 10 mm No. 8 silk thread was inserted into the medullary cavity of the left tibia of Sprague Dawley rat through trocar equipped with a mandrine. Experimental osteomyelitis was shown to be quite similar to that of human by X-ray and pathohistological examinations. By using this procedure, it is possible not only to produce an osteomyelitis in 100 per cent, but also to observe it for 16 weeks without any loss of test rats. B) Injection of B. fragilis (10(6) CFU) with 5% sodium morrhuate into the medullary cavity of the rat tibia through a microsyringe did not induce osteomyelitis produced by S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, sodium morrhuate was observed to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of B. fragilis in vitro. PMID- 7320600 TI - [Force plate study on the kinetics of the center of gravity of the body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320601 TI - [The sequential metabolic and histological changes occurring in dog leg muscles as a consequence of ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the sequential metabolic and histological changes occurring in dog leg muscles as a consequence of ischemia. The left hind limbs of 45 dogs were amputated at the middle of their thighs and after preserving them in ice water and room temperature for 6 and 12 hours, re circulation was established. Observation was undertaken on 1) activity of muscle enzymes-CPK, GOT-m, and LDH in the venous blood from the re-circulated limbs, and 2) histological changes of muscles through light microscopy and electron microscopy. Leakage of muscle enzymes into the serum was little in the group preserved in ice water for 6 hours, but resulted in a marked increase in the group preserved in room temperature for 6 hours and 12 hours ischemic groups. This remarkable leakage of muscle enzymes seems to reflect the amount of muscle degeneration. Histologically prominent changes of muscles were characterized by cell swelling and separation of sarcoplasma from endomysium through light microscopic study, and by widening of myofibril space, virtual absence of glycogen granules in sarcoplasma, swelling of mitochondria and appearance of intramitochondrial dense body through electron microscopic study. These histological changes of muscles are well correlated with the leakage of muscle enzymes and demonstrated some extent of irreversible changes had developed already, even in the group preserved in ice water for 6 hours. PMID- 7320602 TI - [Experimental chemo- and radio-therapy on human cholangiocarcinoma transplanted to nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320603 TI - [In vivo augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity by a streptococcal preparation, OK-432: characterization of effector cells and induction of interferon in sera (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320604 TI - [Cybernetics in medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320605 TI - [Diagnosis of abdominal disease by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320606 TI - [Oxygen intermediates and lysosomal enzymes generated by stimulated neutrophils from the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Behcet's disease and other disease groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320607 TI - [Plasma apolipoprotein E levels in hyperlipidemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320608 TI - [Cardiorespiratory arrest in a juvenile diabetic woman with autonomic neuropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320609 TI - [Circulatory collapse in a man with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320610 TI - [A case of hypothyroidism due to iodine trapping defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320611 TI - Calcific aortic stenosis: tomographic visualization. PMID- 7320612 TI - Cosmetic surgery. I: Face-lift. PMID- 7320613 TI - Ultrasound presentation of abdominal ascites in a ventral hernia. PMID- 7320614 TI - Mighty T's. PMID- 7320615 TI - Tomography of the internal acoustic meatus. A critical evaluation of the radiological appearance in normals and in patients with acoustic neuromas. AB - The radiological appearance of the internal acoustic meatus, obtained by tomography of the temporal bone, is presented for 115 patients with normal inner ear function. These patients served as normal controls, and their tomograms are compared with those obtained in 48 patients who were initially suspected of having acoustic neuromas but in whom Pantopaque cisternography was negative. These are also compared with the findings obtained in 59 patients with surgically verified acoustic neuromas. In normal persons the size of the vertical diameter of the meatus on the two sides, as measured by tomography, differed in only a few cases by more than 1 mm. The results obtained in patients who were suspected of having a neuroma, but in whom Pantopaque cisternography had excluded such a diagnosis, coincided completely with the results found in the normal group, and a difference of more than 1 mm. between the right and left sides is therefore indicative of a pathological process in the internal and acoustic meatus. A normal meatus does not exclude the presence of a tumour, since 10 per cent of patients with neuromas have identical meatus. No evidence of radiological destruction was found, either in the normal material or in the group of patients suspected of having a neuroma. Destruction of the bone surrounding the meatus must therefore be regarded as highly suggestive of the presence of a tumour, but lack of destruction does not exclude a tumor. Tomography of the temporal bone should be applied routinely in the search for acoustic neuromas, in patients with unilateral acoustic or vestibular complaints. The evaluation of the tomograms, however, should be performed by a few, specially interested radiologists. PMID- 7320616 TI - Transmastoid labyrinthectomy: further experience with the indications, complications and early post-operative results. AB - Persistent labyrinthine symptoms may manifest as unsteadiness, veering, or frank rotational vertigo. When these symptoms are resistant to medical therapy and are associated with hearing in the involved ear which is not of a serviceable level then a transmastoid labyrinthectomy may be of value in ridding the individual of this disability. We have found that this operation may be performed expeditiously and safely, and if the entire vestibular epithelium is removed then the results of surgery are effective and predictable. PMID- 7320617 TI - Auditory and vestibular damage in 100 work-related head injuries. PMID- 7320618 TI - Rinne positive or false Rinne negative. PMID- 7320619 TI - The human nasal mucosa in the menstrual cycle. A histochemical and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7320620 TI - Primary eosinophilic granuloma of the larynx. AB - A rare case of primary eosinophilic granuloma of the larynx in a 49-year-old man is reported. The patient remains asymptomatic after a follow-up of three years. This is the third case reported in the world literature. PMID- 7320621 TI - The value of xeroradiography in the management of subglottic stenosis in children. PMID- 7320622 TI - Tuberculous otitis media--a reminder. PMID- 7320623 TI - Sarcoidosis of the nasal mucosa. PMID- 7320624 TI - 'Lennert's lymphoma' of the nose. AB - An 85-year-old male patient presented with a left-sided nasal obstruction of one year's duration. Histology of the tumour revealed cluster of epitheloid histiocytes scattered among immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblasts). Immunological studies of the tumour revealed a polyclonal (B cell) pattern in only a small proportion of the lymphoid cells. A T-cell origin is proposed. The histiocytes showed intense positivity when stained for muramidase. Wide local excision of the tumour was performed and the patient remains well and free of symptoms five months post-operatively. PMID- 7320625 TI - A case of an intranasal canine tooth. PMID- 7320626 TI - Unusual leiomyoma of the nose (leiomyoblastoma): report of a case. AB - Leiomyomas or benign tumours of smooth muscle origin are extremely rare in the nose, due to the paucity of significant masses of smooth muscle in this region. A review of the literature revealed only six cases of leiomyoma (Fu and Perzin, 1975; Kambayashi, 1978; MacCaffrey et al., 1978; Maesaka et al., 1966; Kotaka and Furuya, 1973) previously reported and no case of nasal leiomyoblastoma. This variety of benign smooth muscle tumour has been mostly described in the gastrointestinal tract and uterus (Stout, 1962). In this paper we report a case of an unusual nasal leiomyoma arising from the middle turbinate. We believe it is the first in the literature. PMID- 7320627 TI - On determining the extent of side-pool synthesis in a three-pool model for whole body cholesterol kinetics. AB - Whole body cholesterol turnover is well described by a three-pool model. This model has eight unknown parameters: three masses, three synthesis rates, and two intercompartmental exchange rates. Only six parameters can be estimated by fitting the model to the plasma specific radioactivity-time curve which results from the intravenous injection of labeled cholesterol. Additional information is obtained if a precursor of cholesterol, labeled with a different isotope, is also injected. Equations are derived to enable the calculation of all eight model parameters from the two sum-of-exponentials equations that are fitted to the two tracer curves. The characteristics of a satisfactory precursor are discussed. PMID- 7320628 TI - Synthesis of (22R and 22S)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 22-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids and structure of haemulcholic acid, a unique bile acid isolated from fish bile. AB - (22R and 22S)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 22-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids were synthesized, starting from chenodeoxycholic acid, in order to establish the chemical structure of haemulcholic acid, which has been found in certain fish as the major bile component. Oxidative decarboxylation of diformoxylated chenodeoxycholic acid with lead tetraacetate yielded 24-nor-5 beta-chol-22-ene-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol, which was hydroxylated to form a mixture of (22R and 22S)-24 nor-5 beta-cholane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 22,23-tetrols. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of the mixture yielded 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-23,24-dinor-5 beta-cholan-22 a1. A Reformatsky reaction of the dihydroxydinorcholanal with bromoacetate resulted in the formation of a mixture of (22R and 22S)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 22 trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids. The bile acids epimeric at C-22 were resolved by silica gel column chromatography, and their configurations of C-22 were assigned by a modification of Horeau's method and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By direct comparison with synthetic bile acids, the naturally occurring haemulcholic acid was shown to be (22S)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 22 trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. PMID- 7320629 TI - Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of 9 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one and related compounds. AB - The natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a number of 9 alpha-fluoro and 9 alpha-hydroxy-delta 8(14)-15-ketosterols and their derivatives have been studied. Peak assignments for individual carbons of 9 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, 9 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en 3 beta-ol-15-one, 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3,15-dione, 9 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha cholest-8(14)-ene-3,15-dione, 9 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3,15 dione, 3 beta-benzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, 3 beta benzoyloxy-9 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one, 3 beta-benzoyloxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-9 alpha-ol-15-one, 3 beta-acetoxy-9 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha cholest-8(14)-en-15-one, and 3 beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-9 alpha-ol 15-one have been made. Also presented herein are: 1) considerations of the substituent effects of the 9 alpha-hydroxy and 9 alpha-fluoro groups on carbon shieldings, 2) demonstration that the state of oxidation of C-3 in the various delta 8(14)-15-ketosteroids affects the olefinic carbon shieldings due to an apparent long range through space effect of the electric field on the olefinic carbon shieldings, 3) the results of analyses of 13C-19F spin-spin couplings, and 4) the results of considerations of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the concerned compounds with respect to the conformation of ring B in the various 9 alpha-substituted sterols. PMID- 7320630 TI - High density lipoprotein subfractions isolated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and their role in cholesteryl ester transfer to very low density lipoproteins. AB - Normal human plasma HDL was applied to a column of heparin-Sepharose in the presence of MnCl(2) and three fractions were obtained by stepwise elution with increasing NaCl concentrations: a non-retained fraction (NR, 78% of protein) and two retained fractions (R(1) and R(2), 18 and 2.5% of protein, respectively). Both unesterified and esterified cholesterol increased from NR to R(1) to R(2) but the increment was more pronounced for unesterified cholesterol. ApoA-II to apoA-I ratio was-lower in R(1) compared to NR but R(1) contained more apoC than NR. ApoE increased from NR to R(1) to R(2) (0.07, 0.4, and 14% of protein in each fraction, respectively) while apoB was found only in R(2). Agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoadsorbers for apoB and apoE showed that R(2) consisted of two major lipoprotein populations, one containing apoB and some apoE and the other containing apoE and no apoB. Cholesteryl ester transfer between each HDL subfraction and VLDL in the presence of partially purified cholesterol ester transfer protein was studied. NR and R(1) gave the highest initial rates of transfer for labeled cholesteryl ester which were corroborated by significant mass transfer of cholesteryl esters. From these results, we concluded that there is no connection between cholesteryl ester transfer and apoE. On the other hand, transfer from R(2) to VLDL followed different kinetics with a high zero hour transfer but with subsequently lower rates when compared to NR and R(1). The cholesteryl ester transfer activity in R(2) was mainly due to the presence of apoE-containing lipoproteins whereas those containing apoB had minimal transfer activity. However, because this transfer of label was not translated into significant mass transfer of cholesteryl ester to VLDL, the apoE-containing lipoproteins appear involved mainly in the equilibration of cholesteryl esters. Marcel, Y. L., C. Vezina, D. Emond, R. B. Verdery, and R. W. Milne. High density lipoprotein subfractions isolated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and their role in cholesteryl ester transfer to very low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7320631 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass; its relationship to LCAT activity and cholesterol esterification rate. AB - The relationship between plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass and enzyme activity and between mass and plasma cholesterol esterification rate was determined in 25 adult volunteers without overt disease (14 normolipidemic and 11 hyperlipidemic). Furthermore, the relationship of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass and cholesterol esterification rate to lipids, apoproteins, age, and ideal body weight was assessed. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass determined by radioimmunoassay was highly correlated with enzyme activity assayed using a heated plasma substrate (r = 0.636) and with the molar cholesterol esterification rate determined either by radioassay (r = 0.809) or by measurement of the decrease of unesterified cholesterol (r = 0.621). Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass was also positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.608), unesterified cholesterol (r = 0.562), age (r = 0.544), and percent ideal body weight (r = 0.619), but was not significantly correlated with log triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, or D. Plasma cholesterol esterification rate by both methods was highly positively correlated with total cholesterol, unesterified cholesterol, log triglyceride, and age, but was inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Upon partial correlation analysis with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass kept constant the cholesterol esterification rate remained significantly positively related to total cholesterol, unesterified cholesterol, and log triglyceride and inversely related to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Two subjects had normal lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase but approximately half normal molar cholesterol esterification rate. Measurement of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mass and activity along with plasma cholesterol esterification rate will permit differentiation of abnormalities of enzyme from qualitative or quantitative substrate or cofactor abnormalities. Also, the finding that the regression line between LCAT mass and the plasma esterification rate by direct determination of unesterified cholesterol passes through the origin suggests that all immunodetectable LCAT in plasma is active in normal subjects.-Albers, J. J., C-H. Chen, and J. L. Adolphson. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass; its relationship to LCAT activity and cholesterol esterification rate. PMID- 7320632 TI - Interaction of free cholesterol and apoproteins of low and high density lipoproteins with isolated rabbit hepatocytes. AB - Primary cultures of rabbit hepatocytes were incubated with rabbit high density (HDL) and low density (LDL) lipoproteins in order to compare the surface transfer of free cholesterol with the uptake of apoproteins. Hepatocytes were maintained for various intervals with either LDL or HDL which contained both 125I-labeled protein and free [4-14C]cholesterol. After a 3-hr incubation with an LDL concentration equivalent to 25% of the normal rabbit serum level, the percentage of media 14C in hepatocytes was 2.3 times greater than the percentage of 125I; cells that had been incubated with HDL showed an eight-fold selectivity for 14C. Although the influx of free cholesterol from HDL was greater than that from LDL, there was no difference between the uptake of LDL protein and of HDL protein. The degradation of lipoproteins labeled with [3H]-leucine or 125I was compared. Hepatocytes incubated with lipoproteins labeled with [4-14C]cholesterol showed a greater influx of cholesterol from HDL2 than from LDL. The efflux of labeled cellular cholesterol was also greater to HDL2 than to LDL, whether the cellular cholesterol was labeled by prior exchange with labeled HDL2 or by endogenous synthesis of cholesterol from [2-3H]mevalonic acid lactone. PMID- 7320633 TI - Microbial synthesis of 1 beta- and 15 beta-hydroxylated bile acids. AB - Lithocholic, deoxycholic, and cholic acids were incubated with the molds Absidia coerulea Bain (CBS 105.08, I), three strains of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (CBS 130.14 (II), CBS 341.36 (III), CBS 325.47 (IV)), and Penicillium species ATCC 12556 (V). The products were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and partially characterized by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lithocholic acid was most extensively hydroxylated while cholic acid yielded only traces of hydroxylated metabolites. I, II, III, and V hydroxylated at position C-1; I at C 6; I and II at C-7; III at C-12; and I, II, IV, and V at C-15. Hydroxylations at unidentified positions were observed for all molds, and oxidoreductions at C-7 and C-12 were carried out by I, II, and III. The two major trihydroxycholanoates formed by V from deoxycholic acid were characterized by chemical, mass spectrometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques as 1 beta, 3 alpha, 12 alpha- and 3 alpha, 12 alpha, 15 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids. The former bile acid was identical with the 1,3,12-trihydroxycholanoic acid present in human urine. PMID- 7320634 TI - Metabolism of C-apolipoproteins: kinetics of C-II, C-III1 and C-III2, and VLDL apolipoprotein B in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. AB - The turnover and metabolism of the individual C apolipoproteins (C-II, C-III1, and C-III2) were studied following the injection of 125I-labeled VLDL into 15 normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. The C apolipoproteins from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were separated by analytical isoelectric focusing, and subsequent densitometric scanning and radioassay of the stained bands yielded values for specific activity. In 13 of 15 subjects, kinetics of C-II, C-III1, and C-III2 were best described by a one-pool model, whereas two subjects showed biexponential kinetics. The specific activity time curves for VLDL and HDL were super-imposable, indicating rapid exchange of all C apolipoproteins in hyperlipidemic as well as in normal subjects. In each subject the half-life was similar for C-II, C-III1, and C-III2, which suggests similar synthesis and catabolic mechanisms for each C apolipoprotein. The mass of exchangeable C-II (range 1.0-5.8 mg/kg), C-III1 (2.6-20 mg/kg), and C-III2 (2.0 13 mg/kg) increased with plasma triglyceride concentrations. Values for flux of C II were 1.0-2.8 mg/d per kg, for C-III1 1.6-5.6 mg/d per kg, and for C-III2 1.2 3.1 mg/d per kg, but they were not related to levels of plasma triglyceride. However the irreversible fractional catabolic rates were inversely related to C apolipoprotein (and triglyceride) mass, suggesting that expansion in C apolipoprotein pool size is related to slower removal, due to the longer residence time of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles in plasma. This was confirmed by similar findings for B apolipoprotein kinetics in VLDL carried out simultaneously. PMID- 7320635 TI - Effects of hypocholesterolemia and chronic hormonal stimulation on sterol and steroid metabolism in a Leydig cell tumor. AB - The studies presented herein were done to investigate the effects of drug-induced hypocholesterolemia and chronic hormonal stimulation on cholesterol metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in a functional Leydig cell tumor. It was found that 4 aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)-pyrimidine (4-APP)-induced hypocholesterolemia had no effect on a) the amount of cholesterol present in the tumor, b) cholesterol biosynthesis, and c) steroid production. Chronic stimulation with choriogonadotropin also had no effect on the amount of cholesterol present in the tumor, but it increased steroid production and cholesterol biosynthesis. These results suggest that the Leydig tumor cells primarily use intracellular cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis. Other data show that 4-APP treatment reduces gonadotropin binding in the Leydig tumor cells. PMID- 7320636 TI - Effects of catecholamines on free fatty acid release from bone marrow adipose tissue. AB - We have studied the effect of epinephrine and isoproterenol on free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization from bone marrow adipose tissue in dog tibia after constant flow autoperfusion of the nutrient artery by ipsilateral femoral arterial blood. The perfusions of epinephrine (0.025 microgram/min) or isoproterenol (0.005 microgram/min) significantly increased the FFA level in the nutrient vein of the tibia. Moreover, our data demonstrate that in vitro the bone marrow adipose tissue was less responsive to catecholamines than omental adipose tissue. It can be concluded that bone marrow adipose tissue is able to release FFA after administration of catecholamines but to a lesser extent than in other adipose tissue (omental adipose tissue). These results support the hypothesis that the bone marrow adipose tissue is involved in local nutrition rather than in the total energy supply of the animal. PMID- 7320637 TI - Isolation and characterization of lamellar body material from rat lung homogenates by continuous linear sucrose gradients. AB - A technique is described for isolating lamellar body material from rat lung. Membranes with relative densities ranging between 1.050 and 1.074 g/ml were isolated by centrifugation of crude lung homogenates upward through continuous linear sucrose gradients at 40,000 rpm (199,000 g) for 3 hr. Their protein and lipid content was characteristic of that of lamellar bodies. They were free of contaminating microsomal and mitochondrial marker enzymes but contained enzyme activities associated with lysosomes and Golgi complex. Longer or repeated centrifugation resulted in a reduced yield and an apparent transformation of some of the material to lower densities. Electron microscopy revealed that most of the images represent disrupted rather than intact lamellar bodies. Other methods for preparation of lamellar bodies entail either sedimentation or pelleting at interfaces between sucrose solutions. Such preparations are often contaminated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and have apparently lost the more fragile bodies. The present technique reveals the heterogeneous nature of lamellar body material and should be useful in a search for lamellar body precursors and in the investigation of the mechanisms by which surfactant is synthesized or assembled. PMID- 7320638 TI - Specific tritium labeling of gangliosides at the 3-position of sphingosines. AB - GM1 and GD1a gangliosides, treated with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of Triton X-100 and in a toluene medium were specifically oxidized at the 3-position of sphingosine. The maximum reaction yield (65%) was obtained after 40 hours at 37 degrees C with the following molar ratio of reactants: ganglioside-Triton X-100-DDQ 1:70:125. The formation of the 3-keto derivatives of GM1 and GD1a was demonstrated by: a) the appearance of a sharp peak at 1700 cm-1 and of a broad band at 1250 cm-1 (typical of allylic ketones and of carbonyl groups, respectively) in the infra-red spectrum; b) the appearance of an absorption maximum at 230 nm, identical to that featured by 3 keto-cerebrosides, in the ultraviolet spectrum; c) the degradation of long chain bases during the process of release from gangliosides and derivatization for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography (expected for long chain bases carrying a keto group in the 3-position); and d) the quantitative transformation of 3-keto GM1 and 3-keto-GD1a to GM1 and GD1a, respectively, upon NaBH4 reduction. Reduction of 3-keto-GM1 and 3-keto-GD1a with [3H]-NaBH4 produced 3H-labeled GM1 and GD1a. [3H]GM1 and [3H]GD1a maintained the same carbohydrate and fatty acid composition of the original GM1 and GD1a, and did not contain any saturated long chain bases. Direct proof that the label was at C-3 of long chain bases was given by reoxidation with DDQ, which completely removed the label, and by ozonolysis, after which label was retained on the oligosaccharide-containing fragment. More than 99% of incorporated radioactivity was carried by the long chain bases. The radiochemical purity of labeled gangliosides was greater than 95% and the specific radioactivity was 1.25 and 1.28 Ci/m mol for [3H]GM1 and [3H]GD1a, respectively. PMID- 7320639 TI - Chromatography of acidic phospholipids on immobilized neomycin. AB - Columns of immobilized neomycin (reductively coupled to porous glass beads) were used to separate weakly acidic lipids as well as the polyphosphoinositides. All anionic lipids present in chloroform-methanol extracts, which had been washed first with acid and then with neutral salt solutions, were adsorbed. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid were eluted with chloroform-methanol formic acid mixtures. Phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin were eluted sequentially by very low concentrations (10-100 mM) of ammonium formate in chloroform-methanol-water. All three phosphoinositides were isolated from washed chloroform-methanol-KCl extracts of brain. Sulfatides eluted with the phosphatidylinositol. Phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate were eluted in turn by higher salt concentrations (0.4-1 M). The immobilized neomycin was used repeatedly but the capacity eventually declined. This loss was reversed by sodium borohydride reduction. PMID- 7320640 TI - [Prevention of thrombo-embolic disease: current approach (author's transl)]. AB - Study of the statistical results of numerous multicentre trials has led the author to propose, as preventive therapy for massive postoperative pulmonary embolism, the employ of 5,000 I.U. of calcium heparin two hours before operation, followed by the same dose every 12 hours until the patient is active enough to be discharged. High risk patients (previous history of thrombo-embolism, malignant affections...) should be given 5,000 I.U. of calcium heparin every 8 hours. Associating dihydroergotamine with the calcium heparin doses enables reduction in dosage of the latter, 2,500 I.U. of the heparin combined with 0.5 mg of D.H.E. being sufficient when given every 12 hours in patients undergoing internal surgery, and 5,000 I.U. combined with 0.5 mg of D.H.E. being required only at 12 hours intervals in high-risk patients. PMID- 7320641 TI - [Laboratory control of anticoagulant treatments (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory control of anticoagulant treatments is still unclear, in spite of 25 years experience, better knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the different drugs, and the new techniques available. In general, laboratory control includes a test specific for the action of the drug involved, associated or not with a test that reflects global coagulability. During heparin treatment, the association of recalcification time or activated partial thromboplastin time with heparin levels is recommended. A weekly platelet count can eliminate heparin induced thrombocytopenia. During oral anticoagulant treatment, the association of thromboplastin time or Owren's thrombotest with activated partial thromboplastin time is indicated. The therapeutic ranges for thromboplastin times are different according to the reagents used and should be specified by the laboratory since present methods of standardization are not yet satisfactory. PMID- 7320642 TI - [Non-invasive explorations of the carotid arteries (author's transl)]. AB - For the non-invasive evaluation of patients suspected of having extracranial carotid artery disease, the non-invasive vascular laboratory at the Lahey Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts uses three tests. Carotid phonoangiography (C.P.A.) by itself is 60% accurate, the Kartchner-McRae Oculoplethysmograph (O.P.G.) by itself 80% accurate, and the Echoflow doppler arterial imager, by itself 90% accurate. These examinations are used for surveillance of high-risk patients and to determine the need for carotid arteriography. In a series of 94 patients, the combination of these non-invasive methods yielded one false negative and 2 false positive studies, for an overall accuracy of 95%. PMID- 7320643 TI - [Physiopathogenic study of so-called Raynaud's phenomenon (author's transl)]. AB - The semeiological nature of the clinical features described by M. Raynaud have been the subject of continuous discussion since 1862. This "phenomenon" is actually a syndrome, is histo-angeic and purely microvascular, is of acral topography, and implies a predisposition: that of a particular reaction to cold. Distal irrigation and the structure and function of glomic anastomoses show certain particular features. The "phenomenon" is a microrheological storm. PMID- 7320644 TI - [Doppler examination in temporal arteritis. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - Nine patients with histologically confirmed Horton's diseases were explored by Doppler ultrasound examination, before and after corticotherapy, of the cervical arteries, temporal arteries (N = 9), and branches of the ophthalmic artery: internal nasal (N = 9), central retinal, and supraorbital (N = 6). Excellent correlations existed between histological findings and results of Doppler examination, concerning the severity of the lesions (80% correlation). Circulatory slowing was evident in the ophthalmic vessels studied, with alterations in the shape of peak velocities in 6 of the 9 cases. Major abnormalities were present in 3 patients; two of them presenting transient or permanent amaurosis. Doppler curves improved after corticotherapy, their shape and amplitude becoming equivalent to those of a control population of the same age. Doppler examinations appear to be of diagnostic value in Horton's disease, as well as being able to predict the risk of ophthalmological complications; more effective surveillance of corticotherapy is possible. PMID- 7320645 TI - [Assessment of cicatrisation potential in arteritic patients by means of an isotopic method employing technetium 99 m to measure cutaneous perfusion pressure (author's transl)]. AB - Cicatrisation potential was assessed in arteritic patients by an isotopic method employing technetium 99 m to measure cutaneous perfusion pressures. Pressure threshold-values obtained showed that cicatrisation was absent when pressure was below 35 cm of water, that infectious complications developed in half of the cases with values between 35 and 65 cm, and that cicatrisation generally occurred at values above 65 cm. PMID- 7320646 TI - [Iliac endarterectomy for widespread obliteration. 10 years follow-up of 200 operations (author's transl)]. AB - Results of 200 iliac endarterectomies performed in 174 atheromatous patients were as follows: 15% mortality, 97% immediate good results, patency in 86% after 5 and 83.5% after 10 years. Five year survival was 62%. Contralateral atheroma progression was not marked, operation was required at an early stage in 5% and secondarily in 10% of cases. Results depend mainly on the operative technique employed, which is discussed. Mortality is lower after endarterectomy than when bifemoral-aortic prostheses are inserted, because of the reduced risk of infection and better respiratory tolerance of the retroperitoneal approach. This method should, therefore, be given preference whenever possible. PMID- 7320647 TI - [Arterial thrombosis of the femoro-popliteal axis. An exceptional case of vascular complication by exostosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report an exceptional case of arterial thrombosis of the femoro popliteal axis, caused by a bony exostosis of the femur. It was a man of 48 years, presenting with sub-acute ischemia of the left lower limb. The different examinations showed an extensive femoro-popliteal artery thrombosis centered by a bony exostosis of the inferior third of the femur. The patient was successfully operated upon with resection of the exostosis and saphenous vein femoro-popliteal by-pass. A review of the literature shows the rarity of vascular complication of exostosis and particularly of thrombosis, previously reported only 4 times. An explanation of the mechanism involves the repeated trauma on the artery in this narrow region and the possibility of superimposed atheroma. PMID- 7320648 TI - [Ultrastructural alterations of the alveolar walls capillaries by injection of histamine (author's transl)]. AB - Histamine chlorhydrate was intravenously injected to Guinea pigs (7 microgram/kg). Alterations of the alveolar walls capillaries were by electronic microscopy studied 1.5, 12 and 15 minutes after injection. It was observed a rapid dilator effect associated with an opening of the endothelial cells tight junctions, an increasing in the size and turnover of pinocytic vesicles, an enlargement and a loss of homogeneity of the basal membrane and an edema of type I pneumocytes. In the last group of animals, lesions reversibility is characterized by a beginning of closing of endothelial cells junctions and of edema resorption. These morphological findings point out the local effect of histamine on the pulmonary capillary microcirculation and show the decrease of resistance and the increase of permeability of the capillaries. PMID- 7320649 TI - [Interference of anaesthesia and transfusion on rheological parameters (author's transl)]. AB - This study was designed to investigate the rheological and plasmatic parameters from multiple transfused patients and patients undergoing surgery non transfused. Blood filtrability compared with the erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility shows the perturbance resulting from the delay of conservation and the importance of the transfused blood. The 2-3 DPG, ATP and oxygen-hemoglobin affinity suggest the excellent recuperation of the erythrocyte metabolic function in vitro. The rheological parameters seems to be a good mean in the supervision of red massive transfusion blood cell. PMID- 7320650 TI - [An automatic apparatus for external measurement of blood pressure. Preliminary study in patients with arteriopathies of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - An automatic measuring apparatus for recording blood pressure employing oscillometry was used to measure mean and elastic systolic and diastolic perfusion pressures in the ankles of arteritic patients. The reliability of the method was tested in 100 cases. Correlations with reference pressures measured by non-invasive techniques (ultrasonographic and plethysmographic) were good. The reliability and reproducibility of the apparatus employed (Dinamap) were in conformity with the desired maximum error (less than 15%). It is hoped that this method will allow improved evaluation of lower limb circulation, and the definition of a sliding scale of the indices of mean and elastic systolic and diastolic pressures. The major cause of error appears to be lack of pulsation in the leg arteries. PMID- 7320651 TI - [Post-partum development of a mesenteric venous infarct and portal thrombosis in a young woman taking an oral contraceptive (author's transl)]. AB - A 19-year-old girl developed a total venous infarct of the small intestine secondary to extensive portal thrombosis, on the 21st post-partum day. She had started to take an oral contraceptive on the 9th post-partum day, and the association of these two factors appears to have played a major role in the physiopathology of this accident. Diagnosis is difficult and often delayed in this affection, which can only be suspected as a function of the previous medical history. Prognosis is usually very poor in cases of massive mesenteric vein infarcts, and can only be improved by early removal of the venous obstruction, with or without intestinal resection. PMID- 7320652 TI - [Evaluation of arteriovenous shunts following venous by-pass with the saphenous vein in situ. A suggested approach (author's transl)]. AB - An isotopic method employing microspheres of serum-albumin of a mean diameter of 15 microns was used to study the problem raised by the development of arteriovenous fistulae following saphenous by-pass in situ, enabling measurement of shunt flow and qualitative evaluation of the distal bed. Shunt blood flow varies greatly from practically negligible quantities to a maximum of 90%. Comparing data from angiography during operation with these data showed a parallel between the worst angiographic appearances, the poorest scintigraphy images, and the most marked shunts. Sustained clinical manifestations of the fistulae were apparent in shunts of over 60% only. Signs of ischaemia were absent, even in shunts taking 90% of by-pass blood flow. Arteriovenous fistulae induced by by-pass operations employing the saphenous vein in situ appear, therefore, to be relatively well-tolerated. Ligature of the most important, preferably proximal, collaterals is nevertheless recommended, to reduce disturbing side-effects as far as possible, and loss of flow to the distal arterial bed in cases with very large fistulae. PMID- 7320653 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome--a disabling yet treatable condition. PMID- 7320654 TI - The status of birth certificate information in Georgia. PMID- 7320655 TI - Possible sulfisoxazole and dietary-induced hypoprothrombinemia in an elderly woman. PMID- 7320656 TI - Windowless pain. PMID- 7320657 TI - Retirement plans for professional corporations which act as partners. PMID- 7320658 TI - Vasodilator therapy--its usefulness and limitations. PMID- 7320659 TI - Reagonomics--will it work? PMID- 7320660 TI - Meningococcal infection in adults. PMID- 7320661 TI - Rachel weeping for her children. PMID- 7320662 TI - A wearable tactile sensory aid for profoundly deaf children. PMID- 7320663 TI - Problems in data management when studying chronic illness. AB - Chronic illness is characterized by a long response time during which many external influences can modify the system. Accurate characterization of such a system may require a large number of attributes. Such "data" complexity, in both the time and the feature domain, introduces a number of operational difficulties into the methodology for the scientific investigation of such systems. One such problem is the investigator's changing viewpoint and understanding of the system during the course of a study. Research data bases with a static attribute content are in conflict with this learning process and are of limited use when incorporated in investigation of chronic illness. Data element refinement is a tool for dealing with this problem, by providing a means for modifying an attribute's definition during the temporal life of a data base. We have been investigating means for supporting refinement of data elements in a large data base for coronary artery disease. For certain data types, we have developed a means of introducing "refined" views of particular data elements into a data base such that programs written prior to the refinement execute properly without modification during the lifetime of the data base. We will describe a data structure we have found suitable for capturing the information base from a broad range of clinical investigations, and our approach to the problem of data element refinement. Examples from ongoing clinical studies will be used to illustrate these ideas. PMID- 7320664 TI - The acquisition of a laboratory information system. AB - The Hinsdale Sanitarium and Hospital Pathology Department installed a Pathlab (The MEDLAB Company) Laboratory Information System (LIS) in October of 1977. Acquisition of the system was based upon a study. "Justification for a Laboratory Information System", prepared in October 1976. This report presents findings on the evaluation of this system after 2 1/2 years of operation in relationship to the initial objectives developed in the justification study. The impact of the system on personnel (intra- and extradepartmental) as it relates to daily activities was also considered. The effectiveness of the system in contributing to the goals of improving the operation and management of the laboratory by enhancing communication of our services toward quality patient care was carefully studied through users' opinion surveys evaluation. The evaluation plan is developed by first describing the initial basic system, initial costs, and the impact of continuing cost to the institution (service, software modification, etc.). The department's problem areas were identified along with deviations from the justification expectations of the LIS. The conditions existing currently and attitudes of user personnel toward the system were surveyed at all levels of the institution. The survey revealed that 20 (87%) of 23 specific goals or expectations stated in the original justification report were satisfied. There was a partial achievement of 2 objectives (8.7%), and 1 (4.3%) was not achieved. The survey also revealed a net annual cost reduction of 128,756 as a result of the LIS. Payback period to recover the entire systems's cost is estimated at 4.0 years. This includes all purchased hardware and software to date. PMID- 7320665 TI - An evaluation methodology for office practice information systems. PMID- 7320666 TI - A metabolic monitor: an application of the microcomputer to critical care instrumentation. PMID- 7320667 TI - The distributed processing approach to hospital information processing. PMID- 7320668 TI - Spondylolisthesis. PMID- 7320669 TI - Early neonatal mortality at Ramathibodi hospital 1969-1978. PMID- 7320670 TI - Fractures around the ankle joint. PMID- 7320671 TI - Prevalence of HBeAg and anti-HBe among HBsAg carrier thai children. PMID- 7320672 TI - Toxic effect of local Thai anthelminthic (Maklua): Cases report. PMID- 7320673 TI - Myiasis of the vagina of a comatose women caused by Parasarcophaga ruficornis Fabricius. PMID- 7320674 TI - Serum and red cell cholinesterase activities in pregnancy. PMID- 7320675 TI - The effects of symmetry and contour on recognition memory in children. PMID- 7320676 TI - Differential production of positive and negative discriminative stimuli by normal and retarded children. PMID- 7320677 TI - Performance of dyslexic children on speech perception tests. PMID- 7320678 TI - Habituation in children within a behavior suppression paradigm. PMID- 7320679 TI - On the young child's comparison of sets. PMID- 7320680 TI - Does echoic memory develop? PMID- 7320681 TI - Memory for item order and phonetic recording in the beginning reader. PMID- 7320682 TI - Contrasting patterns in the acquisition of spatial/temporal terms. PMID- 7320683 TI - Teaching awareness of strategic behavior in combination with strategy training: effects on children's memory performance. PMID- 7320684 TI - The role of the object concept in visual tracking: child-like errors in adults. PMID- 7320685 TI - Activation of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes by immune complexes. II. Killer lymphocytes mediate Fc ligand-induced lymphokine production. AB - Cells that participate in immune complex-induced production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) activity can be concentrated in a population making up 2-4% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in which greater than 90% of the cells are active in a single cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. When so concentrated, such killer (K) cell preparations are as efficient in producing LIF activity as mitogen activated T lymphocytes. Other Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells, do not produce measurable LIF activity when incubated with immune complexes (additional evidence that the K and NK cells among ligands to the FcR of the appropriate lymphocytes, possibly without need for exogenous receptor bridging, is the only requirement for their activation to immune complex-induced lymphokine production (ICLP). It is probable that ICLP by K cells palays a role in antibody-mediated effector functions in vivo. PMID- 7320686 TI - Protection against graft vs. host-associated immunosuppression in F1 mice. I. Activation of F1 regulatory cells by host-specific anti-major histocompatibility complex antibodies. AB - Injection of parental spleen cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid mice results in suppression of the potential to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. In an attempt to protect the F1 mice from immunosuppression, the recipients were injected with antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigens of the F1 mice 24 h before inoculation of the parental spleen cells. 8-14 d later, the generation of CTL responses in vitro against H-2 alloantigens was tested. Alloantiserum directed against either parental haplotype of the F1 strain markedly diminished the suppression of CTL activity. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies recognizing H-2 or Ia antigens protected the F2 mice from parental spleen cell-induced suppression. Although this study has been limited to reagents that recognize host H-2 determinants, these findings do not necessarily imply that protection against graft vs. host (GvH) can be achieved only with anti-MHC antibodies. However, protection was observed only by antibodies reactive with F1 antigens, and small amounts of the alloantibodies were sufficient to diminish CTL suppression. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from syngeneic F1 mice treated with anti-h-2a alloantiserum 24 h previously provided protection equal to that of injection of the recipients with alloantibodies. The cells necessary for this effect were shown to be T cells and to be radiosensitive to 2000 rad. This cell population is induced by antisera against F1 cell surface antigens and effectively counteracts GvH-associated immuno-suppression. PMID- 7320687 TI - A monoclonal antibody that defines an idiotope with two subsites in galactan binding myeloma proteins. AB - An IgG1 monoclonal antibody HyX24-14 was derived from A/J mice that were immunized with the IgA XRPC24 (X24) galactan binding myeloma protein (GalBMP) of BALB/c origin by the Kohler-Milstein hybridoma technology. HyX24-14 specifically binds some but all GalBMP. Different patterns of binding using a panel of nine Gal BMP were found, depending upon the concentration of antibody and the antigenic target. From molecular models and amino acid sequence data, ti was proposed that the idiotope defined by HyX24-14 had two subsites, each of which appeared to be able to bind independently to the antibody. PMID- 7320688 TI - Activation of amino acid accumulation in delayed implantation mouse blastocysts. AB - Delayed implantation blastocysts remained in a diapausing-like state when incubated in Na+ -depleted (55 mM) medium. Accumulation of radioactive amino acids remained low when embryos were in low Na+ medium, but increased in the manner characteristic of these embryos when placed in high (124 mM) Na+ medium. Differentiation of blastocysts was apparently arrested in medium containing only 55 mM Na+ since no progress toward formation of trophoblastic outgrowths was made in this medium even when it contained all other compounds required for this process. Low Na+ may prevent uptake of amino acids, such as lysine, essential to outgrowth formation. Accumulation of lysine was Na+ -dependent in blastocysts even though this amino acid is not transported via a Na+-symport system in most cell types. Glucose deprivation did not affect the increase in the capacity of delayed implantation blastocysts to take up amino acids when incubated in high Na+ medium, and glucose accumulation was not Na+-dependent. The capacity of delayed implantation blastocysts to take up amino acids was inversely related to the time before these embryos began forming outgrowths in vitro. The latter process occurred more rapidly if diapausing blastocysts had been stimulated in utero by injecting overiectomized mice with progesterone and estrogen. However, these hormones slowed outgrowth formation slightly when present in the culture medium in vitro. PMID- 7320689 TI - Regional changes in the binding of [3H] concanavalin A to mouse blastocysts at implantation: an autoradiographic study. AB - Implanting and delayed-implanting mouse blastocysts were incubated in vitro with [3H] concanavalin A (Con A), and the distribution of binding on their surfaces was determined by light microscopic autoradiography. The density of binding was uniform on the trophectoderm of delayed-implanting embryos and was not changed on the polar surface of implanting embryos. However, binding was reduced on the proximal mural and distal mural trophectoderm of implanting blastocysts by 36% and 60%, respectively. These results suggest that there is a regional reduction in the density of mannose-like sugars on the surface of mouse blastocysts at the time of attachment and implantation. PMID- 7320690 TI - Resumption of DNA synthesis during activation of delayed implanting mouse blastocysts. AB - Cell division ceases in mouse blastocysts during the extended dormant period associated with delayed implantation but resumes following activation of the embryos by administration of 17 beta-estradiol to the mother. To determine the temporal and spatial aspects of the resumption of DNA synthesis during activation, blastocysts were recovered from delayed implanting females at various intervals after an injection of 17 beta-estradiol, incubated with 3H-thymidine in vitro, and prepared for light microscopic autoradiography. Although less than 4% of the cells were labeled in delayed implanting embryos, the proportion of labeled cells increased soon after the administration of 17 beta-estradiol and reached a maximum of over 50% by 24 hours. This increase in labeling was not uniform in all regions of the embryo, i.e., the labeling index of the inner cell mass began a steady increase immediately after the injection of 17 beta-estradiol while labeling of the polar and proximal mural trophoblast remained depressed for 6 and 12 hours, respectively, and only then began to increase. No labeling was present over the distal mural trophoblast in delayed implanting or activated blastocysts although cytological changes characteristic of primary giant cell transformation were present in activated embryos. These results indicate that the resumption of DNA synthesis is part of the overall increase in metabolic activity associated with activation. Furthermore, the sequential pattern of resumption of synthesis suggests that the ICM may influence the initiation of DNA synthesis in the surrounding trophoblast. PMID- 7320691 TI - Pleiotropic compensation in the regulation of extracellular protein formation by a low alpha-toxin-producing variant of Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46). AB - The changes in bacterial density, total extracellular protein and haemolysin produced by bacteria from overnight cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) and a low alpha-toxin-producing variant suspended in fresh medium were followed at 37 degrees C. Although five extracellular proteins were produced at a reduced level by the variant (alpha-toxin formation was reduced more than tenfold), the differential rates of total extracellular protein formation by the two organisms were identical. The results are consistent with a common regulatory mechanism for extracellular protein formation in which a pleiotropic compensation may occur in order to saturate the extracellular protein-producing capability. PMID- 7320692 TI - Phage C-1: an IncC group; plasmid-specific phage. AB - A phage was isolated from sewage and shown to form plaques on Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying C plasmids. It failed to multiply on strains lacking plasmids of this group. It also plated on Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens strains carrying various IncC plasmids but failed to form plaques on Escherichia coli strains harbouring most of these plasmids, although in all cases, phage multiplication on the strains was demonstrated. No phage increase occurred in any of the strains which lacked an IncC plasmid or contained plasmids of other incompatibility groups. The phage is small, hexagonal in outline, contains RNA, is resistant to chloroform and adsorbs to the shafts of pili coded for by IncC plasmids. PMID- 7320693 TI - The role of calf serum in the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cell cultures. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is normally grown in McCoy monolayer coverslip cultures using partially defined media containing foetal calf serum at concentrations up to 10% (v/v). Omission of the serum decreased the number of inclusions produced by infecting the McCoy cells with a standard inoculum of a genital strain of C. trachomatis. Substitution of the foetal calf serum with a macromolecular fraction from the serum or with a mixture of sodium oleate, bovine serum albumin fraction V and fetuin maintained the inclusion count, but substitution with serum filtrate, containing the amino acids and other low molecular weight components, decreased the inclusion count of C. trachomatis. The role of calf serum and the need for a fully defined medium excluding serum for studying the growth of C. trachomatis in tissue culture are discussed. PMID- 7320694 TI - Surface tension-like forces determine bacterial shapes: Streptococcus faecium. AB - The same tendency that causes soap bubbles to achieve a minimum surface area for the volume enclosed seems to account for many of the features of growth and division of bacteria, including both bacilli and cocci. It is only necessary to assume that growth takes place in zones and that only in these zones does the tension caused by hydrostatic pressure create the strain that forces the cell to increase the wall area. The stress developed by osmotic pressure creates strains that significantly lower the free energy of bond splitting by hydrolysis or transfer. We believe this is sufficient to make growing wall have some of the properties ordinarily associated with surface tension. The feature common to all bacterial cell wall growth is that peptidoglycan is inserted under strain-free conditions. Only after the covalent links have been formed are the intervening stressed peptide bonds cleaved so that the new unit supports the stress due to hydrostatic pressure. The present paper analyses the growth of Streptococcus faecium in these terms. This is a particularly simple case and detailed data concerning morphology are available. The best fit to the data is achieved by assuming that growth takes place in a narrow region near the splitting septum and that the septal material is already under tension as it is externalized and is twice as thick as the external wall throughout the development of the nascent poles. Constancy of the ratio of hydrostatic pressure to the effective surface tension, P/T, is also consistent with electron microscopic observations. PMID- 7320695 TI - Fatty acids of Fusobacterium species: taxonomic implications. AB - Fatty acids of Fusobacterium species were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. Fusobacterium nucleatum, F. necrophorum, F. mortiferum, F. gonidiaformans and F. varium showed similar patterns, characterized by the presence of 3 hydroxytetradecanoate, n-tetradecanoate, hexadecenoate, n-hexadeconoate, ocadecenoate, n-octadecanoate and a component having the properties of octadecadienoate. Fusobacterium nucleatum contained 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate as a distinctive character. Simpler fatty acid patterns characterized by the absence of 3-hydroxytetradecanoate and other hydroxy fatty acids were observed in F. plauti, the single strain of F. prausnitzii and in the majority of strains classified as F. russii and F. naviforme. Neither methyl-branched nor cyclopropane fatty acids could be detected in any of the strains examined. In addition to fatty acid methyl esters, the chromatographic profiles of all species except F. mortiferum, F. gonidiaformans and F. naviforme contained substantial amounts of fatty aldehyde dimethyl acetals of chain lengths C14 to C18. PMID- 7320696 TI - Polypeptide composition of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Strains of Chlamydia trachomatis representative of 14 serotypes were grown in HeLa 229 cells. HeLa cell susceptibility to chlamydial infection was increased by treating the host cells with DEAE-dextran. Optimal conditions of DEAE-dextran treatment were determined for each serotype of C. trachomatis to maximize chlamydial yields. Chlamydial polypeptides were selectively radiolabelled with 3H labelled amino acids in the presence of emetine, an inhibitor of HeLa cell protein synthesis. The radiolabelled chlamydiae were purified from host cell components by density gradient centrifugation and their polypeptide composition was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The distribution of the major chlamydial polypeptide of 38 000 to 42 000 daltons amongst the different serotypes correlated closely with the predominant human infections caused by each serotype. Lymphogranuloma venereum agents possessed a unique polypeptide of 118 000 daltons not found amongst trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis strains of chlamydiae. Chlamydial surface polypeptides were selectively radiolabelled with 125I by lactoperoxidase-catalysed oxidation. The major chlamydial polypeptide and polypeptides of 155 000 and 29 000 daltons were thus identified as surface polypeptides of the chlamydial elementary body. It is suggested that the 155 000 dalton polypeptide is a species-specific antigen, the major polypeptide is the principal outer membrane protein, and the 29 000 dalton polypeptide is the type-specific antigen. PMID- 7320697 TI - Lysosomal abnormalities in hadacidin-treated Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. AB - When Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae were harvested from nutrient medium and suspended in a starvation buffer to initiate development, approximately 30% of the total cellular beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was secreted into the extracellular fluid within 4 h. During this same period, only 10% of the total cellular acid phosphatase and acid protease activities were secreted. When the cells were pretreated overnight with 5 mg sodium hadacidin ml-1 and then suspended in starvation buffer, 60% of the glucosaminidase and 30% of the acid phosphatase activities were secreted, while the level of acid protease secretin remained at 10%. The secretory behaviour of hadacidin-treated cells was, however, identical to that of untreated cells when 0.1 M-sucrose was added to the starvation buffer to enhance lysosomal enzyme secretion. Treatment with hadacidin also affected the intracellular content of these enzyme activities. After 16 h exposure to 5 mg hadacidin ml-1, the cellular levels of glucosaminidase and acid protease activity were decreased by 50% and 30% respectively, while acid phosphatase activity remained unchanged. All of the changes observed upon hadacidin treatment were time dependent and were not evident if the cells were exposed to the drug for only 4 h. These results suggest that hadacidin treatment affects the lysosomal system of D. discoideum. PMID- 7320698 TI - Effect of pH on inhibition of plasmid-carrying cultures of Staphylococcus aureus by lipids. AB - The inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by fatty acids was pH dependent. The inhibitory properties of myristic acid were greater at pH 5.5 than at pH 7, whereas those of linoleic acid were less at pH 5.5 than at pH 7. Seven clinical penicillin-resistant cultures survived better in the presence of linoleic acid at pH 5.5 than did their sensitive counterparts. The resistance to linoleic acid in most plasmid-carrying cultures at pH 5.5 was probably not due to the production of penicillinase, but to some other determinants carried by the plasmid. PMID- 7320699 TI - Effect of glycine on phospholipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607. AB - Addition of glycine in low concentrations to modified Youman's medium led to a slight increase in both the total lipid and phospholipid content of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 without a concomitant alteration in either the ratio of the individual phospholipids or the amount and characteristics of growth. However, high concentrations of glycine led to a decrease in both the total lipid and phospholipid content, a change in the ratio of the individual phospholipids, a decrease in the amount of growth and a change in its characteristics. The association of a decrease in the amount of growth and a change in its characteristic with a decrease in the content of triacylated mannophosphoinositides points to the biological importance of these phosphoglycolipids. PMID- 7320700 TI - Participation of the beta-ketoadipate transport system in chemotaxis. AB - beta-Ketoadipate serves as a chemoattractant for Pseudomonas putida. The chemotactic response is inducible, and a regulatory mutant strain that forms the beta-ketoadipate transport system at high levels exhibits a heightened chemotactic response to beta-ketoadipate. Adipate and succinate, compounds that interact with the transport system, inhibit chemotaxis toward beta-ketoadipate. Some, but not all, mutants that fail to respond chemotactically to beta ketoadipate lack the beta-ketoadipate transport system. It thus appears that the transport of beta-ketoadipate is associated with its function as a chemoattractant. It is likely that the metabolite attracts fluorescent Pseudomonas species to environments in which complex aromatic polymers undergo microbial dissimilation. PMID- 7320701 TI - Attachment of Chlamydia psittaci to formaldehyde-fixed and unfixed L cells. AB - The attachment of Chlamydia psittaci, strain 6BC, to formaldehyde-fixed and unfixed L cells was studied. Cations were found to be required for attachment to both fixed and unfixed cells. The requirement for cations was largely eliminated when the net negative surface charge on fixed cells was reduced. A high concentration of sodium chloride (0.5 M) prevented binding and removed chlamydiae which were attached to fixed and unfixed cells, whereas non-ionic detergents had no effect on attachment of C. psittaci to fixed cells. The effect of various modifications of C. psittaci and L cell surfaces on attachment was also determined. Of the treatments tested, only trypsinization and periodate oxidation of L cells and acetic anhydride, heat and periodate treatments of C. psittaci reduced binding. Various lectins and high concentrations of neutral sugars had no effect on attachment, whereas, amino sugars and several organic amines inhibited attachment. These results suggest that the initial phase of attachment requires electrostatic interactions between host and parasite surfaces, and that amino and carbohydrate groups on the surface of C. psittaci and glycoproteins on the surface of L cells may be directly or indirectly required for attachment. PMID- 7320702 TI - Reproducible pyrolysis-gas chromatography of micro-organisms with solid stationary phases and isothermal oven temperatures. AB - Eight solid stationary phases were examined for their suitability for pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC) of micro-organisms. With temperature programming these phases offered little advantage over the traditional liquid phase Carbowax 20M, but at an isothermal analysis temperature of 100 degrees C their use solved many technical problems. Pyrograms were produced containing small numbers of baseline resolved peaks which eluted within 8 to 25 min. Four to six specimens per hour could be examined with two pyrolysers attached to one chromatograph oven. When a control organism was used to derive normalized results, pyrograms were reproducible with a second column and a second pyrolyser, suggesting that inter laboratory reproducibility may be possible. Five different bacterial genera were well discriminated and some differentiation was achieved between different isolates of Streptococcus mutans, but similarity between pyrograms with was unrelated to orthodox taxonomic grouping. The best discrimination was achieved with Chromosorb 104, followed by Chromosorb 101 and Tenax-GC. With solid phases and isothermal oven temperatures Py-GC is a promising technique for microbial identification. PMID- 7320703 TI - Orbiviruses and bunyaviruses from a seabird colony in Scotland. AB - Viruses isolated from ticks (Ixodes uriae) and a kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) from a seabird colony at St. Abb's Head, Scotland, were shown by complement fixation tests (CFT) to be antigenically related to the Uukuniemi and Kemerovo serogroups. Electron microscopic examination of cell cultures infected with the Kemerovo group viruses revealed particles characteristic of orbiviruses, 72 +/- 3 nm in diam., with an inner core 37 +/- 3 nm in diam., in association with intracytoplasmic, densely staining granular areas, and with fibrillar and tubular structures. Cell cultures infected with the Uukuniemi group viruses revealed characteristic bunyavirus particles, 94 +/- 7 nm in diam., with a closely adherent envelope. Both orbi- and bunyaviruses were isolated from two tick pools and the kittiwake. A third tick pool contained an orbivirus which cross-reacted with the other isolates in CFT and fluorescent antibody tests, but was distinguished from them by neutralization tests. PMID- 7320704 TI - A rabies virus persistent infection in BHK21 cells. AB - A rabies virus persistent infection in BHK21 S13 cells was established and maintained in culture for more than 4 years. Initially, the cultures produced a large plaque virus similar to that produced by the original virus, but between the 10th and 20th passage, this was replaced by a small plaque variant. By the 200th passage, infectious virus could no longer be detected in the medium. After further cell passages (greater than or equal to 300) no infectious particles could be detected in the medium. At various passage levels, the persistently infected cells were labelled with [35S]methionine and the virus antigens immunoprecipitated and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No changes in the virus polypeptides were observed in the establishment of the persistent state. However, after the 20th passage (predominance of small plaque variant) there was an increase in the size of the glycoprotein. This was followed (164th passage) by a change in the MI polypeptide which was subsequently further modified in the defective state (greater than or equal to 300 passages). Virus isolated from the 400th passage by treatment of the cells with DEAE-dextran, was also modified in the glycoprotein and M1 polypeptides and contained less L polypeptide than the original virus. This virus grew more slowly, to a lower titre and was no longer pathogenic in suckling mice. PMID- 7320705 TI - Phosphorylation of influenza virus nucleoprotein in vivo. AB - Two-dimensional analysis of polypeptides from A/FPV/Rostock/34 (FP/R)-infected chick embryos fibroblast cells using non-equilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed that nucleoprotein (NP) was the only detectable virus phosphoprotein and was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The kinetics of accumulation of phosphorylated NP in the nucleus and cytoplasm were similar, suggesting that the presence or absence of phosphate groups did not control the entry of NP into the nucleus. In the course of this study, two-dimensional analysis of [35S]methionine-labelled FP/R-infected cells revealed some major differences from previously published work which are discussed. PMID- 7320706 TI - Persistent and lytic infections with SSPE virus: a comparison of the synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides. AB - The synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides and messenger RNA in cell cultures persistently infected with an isolate of measles virus from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) has been compared to that found in a lytic infection with the homologous virus. The persistent infection described here was chosen as its biological characteristics reflect those of virus-infected brain cells from SSPE patients. The synthesis of H, N and possibly F protein was seen in both lytic and persistent infections, but the synthesis of M protein was only detected in the lytic infection. However, messenger RNA isolated from either the lytic or persistent infection directed the synthesis in a cell-free translation system of all structural polypeptides, including M, and also three non-structural polypeptides, with mol. wt. of 34 000, 30 000 and 18 000. Messenger RNAs coding for the virus-specific polypeptides were also shown to be polyadenylated. In addition, those polypeptides made in vitro which were antigenically related to the haemagglutinin, demonstrated structural changes after passage through a persistent infection. PMID- 7320707 TI - Comparison of the lipid-containing bacteriophages PRD1, PR3, PR4, PR5 and L17. AB - Five broad host range lipid-containing bacteriophages PRD1, PR3, PR4, PR5 and L17 isolated from different parts of the world were compared using biological and structural criteria. Virus morphology as well as genome sizes appeared to be identical. However, these viruses could be distinguished by restriction endonuclease mapping and by their structural protein patterns in SDS--gel electrophoresis. The viruses studied thus form a very close group of lipid containing bacteriophages. We suggest PRD1 as a model organism for this group and that the group be called the PRD1 phage group. PMID- 7320708 TI - Maternal and personality determinants of adolescent smoking behavior. AB - This study examined the interconnection of maternal determinants and personality attributes of adolescent male tobacco users. The 39 mothers and their 39 sons were interviewed separately about their attitudes and the mother's child-rearing practices. The sons also responded to questions concerning their personality characteristics. In general, the findings indicated that adolescent tobacco use depends on the coexistence of certain personality predispositions and maternal conditions. Thus, with regard to personality factors, male smokers tended to be less in control of their impulses, less responsible and autonomous, more rebellious, and more likely to engage in interpersonal aggression. With respect to the coexisting maternal conditions, the mothers of smokers tended to be less traditional and affectionate, and less likely to serve as models for their sons. PMID- 7320709 TI - Input and distractor modality effects upon the release from proactive interference in children. AB - Build-up of proactive interference (PI) with visual-picture and auditory-verbal input modalities and the subsequent release from Pi following a change in modality was investigated in three experiments with boys and girls, as follows: Experiment I (n=64) at two mean age levels, 7-6 and 10-5; Experiment II (n=64) at mean age 7-6; and Experiment III (n=48) at age 11-4. PI build-up occurred in both modalities for all ages tested. Release from PI occurred following a change from auditory to visual input by not from PI occurred following a change from auditory shift. In the final experiment, this asymmetrical improvement in performance was dependent upon an interaction between the modality of the input and distractor task on the final or release trial; changing to visual input produced a release effect regardless of the distractor task modality, while auditory input was associated with improvement in recall if a visual distractor task was employed whether or not a shift in input modality had occurred. This improvement was hypothesized to represent a decrease in retroactive interference rather than a release from proactive interference. PMID- 7320710 TI - Number, space, and time conceptualization: the role of sensorimotor activity. PMID- 7320711 TI - Influence of dietary molybdenum on the metabolism of intravenously injected radioactive copper in the rat. AB - Control and molybdenum-supplemented rats (Mo rats) were injected i.v. with 64Cu or 67Cu. The distribution of radioactivity over plasma, liver, and kidney, as well as the intracellular distribution in these organs, was studied as a function of time. Compared with control rats, the level of radioactive Cu in the plasma of Mo rats was increased. The results for liver and kidney of Mo rats had to be corrected for a decrease in specific activity of 64Cu; they suggested that the 64Cu release from the liver and the 64Cu uptake in the kidney of Mo rats ran parallel to that in control rats for up to 8 hr; after which, an increase in both organs of the Mo-rats followed. 64Cu in the subcellular particles and in a high molecular weight (MW) protein of the cytoplasma of the organs of Mo rats was increased compared with control rats. In control rats the transport of 64Cu from a 10,000 MW protein to a 30,000 MW protein of the cytoplasma of the kidney seemed to be much slower compared with that of the liver, but Mo had no influence on this process in either liver or kidney. PMID- 7320712 TI - Changes in the binding of copper in the plasma of molybdenum supplemented rats. AB - After incubating plasma of Mo-supplemented rats (Mo-plasma) with 64Cu only part of it could be removed by dialysis against EDTA or histidine or by treatment with dithiocarbamate; this nondialyzable Cu was shown to be bound to albumin. The maximal amount of 64Cu bound this way equaled the Mo-induced increase in total plasma Cu. After addition of stable Cu, dialysis of Mo-plasma against a histidine solution showed that no extra Cu became tightly bound, suggesting that the 64Cu binding was due to an exchange between added 64Cu and stable Cu already present. Incubating Mo-plasma with Hg compounds prevented 64Cu binding and released stable Cu, indicating that Cu in Mo-plasma was sulfhydryl bound. Part of the Mo in Mo plasma was freely dialyzable. The remaining part was shown to be SH bound as well. The estimated atomic ratio of SH-bound Cu and Mo was unity. Molybdenum increased the number of SH groups in plasma, and for each Cu atom at least one SH group was calculated to be present. PMID- 7320713 TI - Comparison of the effect of calcium(II) and manganese(II) ions on trypsin autolysis. AB - The effect of Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions on the rate of trypsin autolysis was studied at pH 7.0 and at 34.4-60.2 degrees C. For comparison, the kinetic constants of esterolytic activity of trypsin in the presence of the metal ion were determined at pH 7.4 and at 36 degrees and 40 degrees C. There was no significant difference in the rate of autolysis between Mn2+ and Ca2+ in the temperature range 34-47 degrees C, but at 56.8 degrees and 60.2 degrees autolysis was slightly more rapid in the presence of Mn2+. The Mn2+ or Ca2+ ion bound to trypsin is supposed to control the conformation and thereby the stability and the activity of the enzyme. The indirect effect of Mn2+ and Ca2+ is discussed on a structural basis of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 7320714 TI - Polynuclear iron compounds in human transferrin preparations. AB - During commonly used saturation procedures of transferrin with iron compounds, both as ferri and ferrous, polynuclear iron compounds are easily formed, even when nitrilotriacetate (NTA) is used as a strong iron ligand. The presence of these nonspecific bound irons is demonstrated with Mossbauer spectroscopy and with electronic optical spectroscopy. But no evidence, however, has been found of two different iron binding sites. Because dialysis is not able to remove all polynuclear iron, an easy method with gel filtration has been developed that does remove the polynuclear iron. Some notes are made about the often used method, in transferrin biochemistry, of saturation determination, i.e. the quotient of the absorbances of 470 and 280 nm. PMID- 7320715 TI - Alterations of phospholipid metabolism in rat cerebral cortex mince induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs. AB - Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) of varied clinical use were screened to determine their capacity to alter the pattern of labeling with 32Pi of cerebral cortex mince phospholipids. The altered phospholipid labeling patterns were qualitatively similar, the prominent features being reduced incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and increased incorporation into phosphatidic acid. Relative potencies were: (/-+)-propranolol greater than chlorpromazine = 4,4' bis(diethylaminoethoxy) alpha,beta-diethyldiphenylethane greater than desipramine greater than dibucaine greater than pimozide greater than oxymetazoline = fenfluramine = haloperidol = chloroquine greater than amphetamine = no drug added. Propranolol was used to study the action of CADs further. Its effect was time- and dose-dependent but in contrast with pineal gland, no label appeared in phosphatidyl-CMP (CDP-diacylglycerol), nor did dialysis of the mince to reduce diffusible substrates or exogenous addition of substrates cause appearance of liponucleotide. Thus lack of diffusible precursors is not responsible for CAD effects in vitro. Pulse-chase experiments with 32Pi and [2-3H]glycol suggested that inhibition of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase may be partly responsible for the observed alterations in phospholipid labeling in the presence of CADs. PMID- 7320716 TI - In vitro effect of tetanus toxin on GABA release form rat hippocampal slices. AB - Ca2+-dependent K+-stimulated gamma-aminobutyric acid release from rat hippocampal slices was reduced about 30% by pre-incubation of the slices with 10(4) mouse LD50/ml tetanus toxin for 3 h at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7320717 TI - Effect of freezing on gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Using a radioreceptor assay, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was found to be elevated significantly following a single deep-freeze to --70 degrees C and thaw. Mean CSF GABA (+/- SD) in unfrozen CSF was 173 +/0 73 pmol/ml (n = 24). After a single deep-freeze, the mean level was 243 +/- 106 pmol/ml (p less than 0.02). Subsequent freeze-thaw cycles resulted in further irregular and unpredictable elevations in CSF GABA. Mean level after two freezes was 379 +/- 125 pmol/ml and after three freezes 654 +/- 411 pmol/ml. These changes could result in the incorrect interpretation of results in patients suffering from neurological diseases. PMID- 7320718 TI - Comparative effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on nigral and striatal GABA content. AB - Nigral and striatal GABA contents were assayed in male rats treated chronically with haloperidol or sulpiride, two dopamine-receptor blocking agents that have different neuropharmacological spectra in regard to their biochemical, behavioural, and clinical properties. No great difference was observed between the chronic effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on nigral and striatal GABA content. However, low doses (30 micrograms/kg, intraperitoneally) of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, injected 12 h after the discontinuation of chronic haloperidol or chronic sulpiride treatment, induced opposite changes in nigral GABA levels suggesting the existence of a different "status" of the dopamine receptors during the 12 h-period following the withdrawal of haloperidol or sulpiride. PMID- 7320719 TI - Control of noradrenaline release from hippocampal synaptosomes. AB - Potassium-evoked tritiated noradrenaline (NA) release from hippocampal synaptosomes was measured with a superfusion method. A single 2-min high-K+ pulse released 39% of the vesicular NA by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism: the Ca2+ independent release was negligible. After changing the vesicular NA store size by pretreating rats with either alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, 500 mg/kg, or tranylcypromine, 10 mg/kg, a single K+ pulse released a constant percentage of the vesicular NA. With two K+ pulses, however, there was a reduction in the percentage of vesicular NA released in response to the second pulse. PMID- 7320720 TI - Nature of the autofluorescent material in cerebrocortical necrosis. AB - A distinctive autofluorescence under ultraviolet light has been observed in the cerebral cortex of young ruminants suffering from cerebrocortical necrosis. The fluorescence is intimately connected with structural elements of the brain and cannot be extracted into solvents by normal procedures. The work presented here shows it to be associated with a collagen-like material. PMID- 7320721 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation (malnutrition by vascular ligation) induces modifications in fatty acid composition of neurons and oligodendrocytes. AB - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) induced by ligation of one uterine artery on day 17 of pregnancy in the rat lead to major abnormalities in the fatty acid content of neurons and oligodendrocytes but not in astrocytes. In neurons from IUGR rats, monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased; in the polyunsaturated series, omega-3 fatty acids were increased and omega-6 fatty acids were decreased. In oligodendrocytes, monounsaturated fatty acids were also decreased, but the modifications in polyunsaturated fatty acids were the opposite of those in neurons: omega-3 being decreased and omega-6 increased. Although the animals received a normal diet after birth, the alterations were still present in adulthood. In addition, fatty acid composition of brain cells is a very indicative criterion of brain maturation. PMID- 7320722 TI - Developmental changes of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-alpha aspartylglutamic acid and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid in different brain regions and spinal cords of rat and guinea pig. AB - The developmental changes of N-acetylaspartic acid (NA-Asp), N-acetyl-alpha aspartylglutamic acid (NA-Asp-Glu), and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid (beta-CG) have been examined in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord of both rat and guinea pig by the gas chromatographic method developed in our studies. A rapid increase in the concentration of NA-Asp was observed postnatally in every region of the rat brain. On the other hand, all regions of guinea pig brain showed the prenatal increases. NA-Asp-Glu showed a different developmental profile, depending on region of the brain, in the two species. The concentration of NA-Asp-Glu remained constantly low during brain maturation in the rostral regions. In the caudal portions it showed a marked increase during maturation and reached a high level in the adult brain. The concentration of beta-CG was highest at birth in all regions of rat brain and rapidly decreased by 20 days after birth and remained low thereafter. The rapid decrease occurred in the guinea pig during the foetal period, and beta-CG content decreased to an adult level at birth. PMID- 7320723 TI - Blood-brain glucose transfer in spreading depression. AB - Spreading depression in rat brain cortex is associated with a twofold increase of cerebral blood flow. It is not known whether this increase is coupled to increases of cerebral metabolic rate and glucose transport from blood to brain. During the passage of a single spreading depression, we measured blood-brain glucose transport and glucose metabolism in rat cerebral cortex by single intravenous injection of tracer glucose. Blood flow and tissue content of glucose were measure as well. Reduction of tissue glucose and the consequent increase of net transfer of glucose from blood to brain were consistent with a threefold increase of the consumption of glucose before the increase of blood flow. There was no increase of unidirectional blood-brain transfer. PMID- 7320724 TI - Disposition of gangliosides and sialosylglycoproteins in neuronal membranes. AB - Labeled gangliosides and glycoproteins were obtained by incubation of homogenized neuronal perikarya from rat brain with CMP-[3H]N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The highest degree of labelling was observed in a subcellular fraction that also showed the highest specific activities for several ganglioside glycosyltransferases. The [3H]sialosylglycoconjugates of this fraction remained associated with the membranes after treatment with 1 M-KCl, 125 mM-EDTA, repeated freezing and thawing, or controlled sonication, but were solubilized by sodium deoxycholate (DOC) at a concentration high enough to solubilize the choline phospholipids. About 75% of th neuraminidase-labile sialosyl residues of these labeled endogenous gangliosides and glycoproteins were protected from the action of added neuraminidase or pronase or both enzymes added together. The protection was not abolished by pretreatment of the membranes with high ionic strength or with EDTA but was abolished by sonication or low concentration of DOC. Between 50 and 80% of the neuraminidase-labile sialosyl residues of the gangliosides of the neuronal perikaryon membrane fraction labelled in vivo by an intracerebral injection of N-[3H]acetylmannosamine were, at 3 h after the injection, also protected from the action of added neuraminidase. The protection was abolished by the addition of DOC. In contrast with behaviour of the labeled glycoconjugates of this neuronal perikaryon fraction, the gangliosides and sialosylglycoproteins from intact synaptosomes were accessible to neuraminidase. It is suggested that most gangliosides and sialosylglycoproteins are sialosylated as intrinsic components of the neuronal perikaryon membrane fraction and that at some stage of the process of transport through the axon and incorporation into the synaptic plasma membrane they change their accessibility to added enzymes. PMID- 7320725 TI - Tryptophan overload in the pregnant rat: effect on brain amino acid levels in in vitro protein synthesis. AB - The concentration of most amino acids was higher in the brains of 19- and 21-day rat fetuses than in their respective mothers. After an intraperitoneal load of tryptophan to the mother, the intracerebral concentration of several amino acids (including leucine) decreased not only in the mothers, but also in their fetuses. The in vitro incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins in brain postmitochondrial supernatant fractions was enhanced in both the mothers and fetuses after tryptophan administration, but this effect disappeared when protein synthesis was calculated by using specific activities corrected for the amount of unlabeled leucine in the preparation. By this criterion, protein synthesis activity appeared similar in the brains of 19- and 21-day pregnant rats but was higher in their fetuses, especially in the 21-day subjects. Thus, protein synthesis in the brain was not altered by marked changes in the amino acid pool and more profound and prolonged metabolic disturbances must occur to cause permanent damage in the developing brain. PMID- 7320726 TI - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in pineal cell and sympathetic neuronal cultures. AB - The activities of the various molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pineal cells grown alone and in co culture with sympathetic neurons. AChE forms characterized by sedimentation coefficients of 4S, 6.5S, and 10S were found in he neuronal and pineal cultures, as well as in the co-cultures. The 16S AChE form was found only in the neuronal cultures. Total AChE activity increased with culture age in the co-cultures, but it decreased in pineal cells cultured alone. The low level of activity present in the neuronal cultures did not change markedly over the 27-day culture period. These results, which show bidirectional neuron-pineal cell effects, suggest that AChE molecular forms may be important markers to study the mechanisms underlying neuron-target cell interaction in the developing sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7320727 TI - In vitro retina as an experimental model of the central nervous system. AB - Methods are described for isolating adult rabbit retinal and maintaining it in a medium designed to resemble CSF. Morphologic, metabolic, nd electrophysiologic measurements obtained on the in vitro retinas showed that they remained in a nearly physiological state for at least 8 h, and even after 2 days in vitro they still exhibited a high level of metabolic activity and electrical responsiveness to light. Physiological activity was modified by photic stimulation, and data are presented to document changes in metabolism in response to the changes in function. The isolated retina appears to offer a number of unusual advantages for studying relationships between function and metabolism in organized mammalian central nervous tissue. PMID- 7320728 TI - Experimental galactose toxicity: effects on synaptosomal phosphatidylinositol metabolism. AB - Experimental galactose toxicity was induced by weaning rats onto an isocaloric 40% galactose diet. Synaptosomes were prepared from cerebra of rats at 2-9 weeks post-weaning and incubated with [33P][i and myo-[2-3H]inositol in the presence or absence of 0.2 mM-acetylcholine. The acetylcholine-stimulated [33P]Pi labeling of phosphatidylinositol and the changes in amounts of phosphatidylinositol were similar in the normal and galactose-toxic rats; however, acetylcholine-stimulated myo-[2-3H]inositol labeling of phosphatidylinositol was markedly decreased in the galactose-toxic rats. The impairment of acetylcholine-stimulated myo-[2 3H]inositol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol observed after 2 weeks on the diet did not vary after more prolonged exposure to galactose. PMID- 7320729 TI - Chloroquine intoxication induces ganglioside storage in nervous tissue: a chemical and histopathological study of brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and retinal in the miniature pig. AB - The effect of chronic chloroquine intoxication on lipid composition, particularly the gangliosides, was studied in the nervous system of miniature pigs, type Gottingen. The tissues examined were cerebrum, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and retina. Chloroquine was given in the diet in doses of 2.0-3.5 g/kg good. The intoxication of the pigs was started at the age of 100-240 days and continued for 177-219 days. The control pigs received the same diet without chloroquine. The ganglioside concentration was increased in all the tissues examined. Dorsal root ganglia and retinal were the tissues affected most and showed a twofold increase. This corresponded to the light and electron microscopically demonstrated extensive storage process in the perikarya of dorsal root ganglion cells and inner ganglion cells of the retinal. Under light microscopy the storage material was granular, intensely PAS-positive and dissolved by paraffin embedding. The electron microscopical equivalent consisted of conglomerates of membranous lysosomal residual bodies. In cerebrum the ganglioside concentration was increased by 12%. Storage in the brain varied widely between different systems and types of cells. The allocortex was much more affected than the isocortex. Certain inhibitory ganglion cell types, such as the basket cells, exhibited the most massive storage of all. The spinal medulla was morphologically less involved but showed approximately the same ganglioside increase, though not statistically significant. With the exception of cerebrum the increase in the tissues examined involved all the individual gangliosides, most severely ganglioside GM2 and three fucogangliosides. In cerebrum only the ganglioside GM2 was increased more than the other gangliosides. Chloroquine intoxication did not affect the concentration of phospholipids or cholesterol in the cerebrum, spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia, but in retina the acidic phospholipids were significantly increased. PMID- 7320730 TI - Recovery of acetylcholinesterase in the diaphragm, brain, and plasma of the rat after irreversible inhibition by soman: a study of cytochemical localization and molecular forms of the enzyme in the motor end plate. AB - Recovery of AChE activity in the motor end plate region and end plate free region of the rat diaphragm was studied after irreversible inhibition by soman. Recovery was slow during the first 2 days and only 4 S and 10 S molecular forms of AChE were present in the end plate region. However, cytochemical evidence indicates that synaptic AChE has already started to accumulate and that the synthesis of AChE in muscle and Schwann cell might even be enhanced. Tubular structures, observed underneath the motor end plate, may serve to transport the enzyme from its sites of synthesis in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Asymmetric molecular forms of AChE in he end plate region appeared later during recovery and, one week after poisoning, their activity was only about 50% of normal value. The limited ability of newly synthesized AChE to attach to the subcellular structures and, therefore, be retained in the muscle, may explain the phase of slow recovery. In accordance with this view, AChE activity in brain recovered in a similar way as in muscle, whereas soluble plasma cholinesterases recovered faster, apparently without a slow initial phase. PMID- 7320731 TI - Cerebral protective effect and radical scavenging action. AB - The role of radical scavenging action in cerebral protective effect of drugs was investigated in vitro. Incubation of rat brain mitochondrial suspension with ascorbic acid and Fe2+ resulted in the formation of malondialdehyde and a decrease in the turbidity of the suspension, indicating that the mitochondria were peroxidatively disintegrated. Nizofenone at 10 micro M or more inhibited the peroxidative disintegration of mitochondria, and complete inhibition was observed at 100-200 micro M. The action of nizofenone was also ascertained by experiments with rat liver mitochondria. The anti-peroxidative activity of nizofenone was estimated to be approximately equivalent to that of alpha-tocopherol, and this property was unique. Among the cerebral protective drugs tested, thiopental was only slightly efficient, and pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect. In addition, nizofenone was found to scavenge a stable free radical, diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl, but the barbiturates did not. These findings suggest that there is no intimate relationship between cerebral protective effect and free radical scavenging action. PMID- 7320732 TI - Neuronal membrane D2-protein during rat brain ontogeny. AB - The D2-protein exists as a sialylated form in fetal and in perinatal rat brain, and as a desialylated form in adult rat brain. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis the concentrations and amounts of these froms were investigated during ontogeny of both forebrain and cerebellum. The concentration of sialylated D2-protein reached two peaks during ontogeny. The first peak occurred in forebrain around embryonic day 13, and in cerebellum just after birth. In both brain areas it coincided with the periods major neuronal migration. The second peak occurred in forebrain around postnatal day 6 and in cerebellum around postnatal day 20, during the initial period of synaptogenesis in both brain areas. Moreover, the desialylated form of D2-protein was found only in postnatal rats and it increased to a slight maximum at postnatal day 25 in forebrain, and postnatal day 35 in cerebellum. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of D2 protein as an adhesion molecule. PMID- 7320733 TI - Na+-dependent uptake and release of taurine by neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. AB - In neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells, a cell line of neuronal character, a saturable uptake system for taurine is found which displays high affinity and high capacity (km = 38 micro M, V = 1.25 nmol . mg-1 . min-1). Only the closely related structural analogues hypotaurine and beta-alanine are able to inhibit the transport of radioactively labeled taurine. Imipramine or haloperidol at 100 micro M effectively blocks taurine uptake. High-affinity taurine uptake shows an absolute and highly specific requirement for Na+. The hybrid cells internalize taurine very slowly and, with 1 mM extracellular taurine, attain a plateau only after more than 20 h, at which time approximately 34 mM labeled taurine has accumulated in the cytosol. Generally there is hardly any spontaneous release of accumulated taurine. Efflux can, however, be induced by increasing the intracellular Na+ content and is then accelerated by lowering the extracellular Na+ concentration. The hypothesis is forwarded that taurine may exert its function by driving the extrusion of Na+ in emergency situations. PMID- 7320734 TI - Aging decreases oxidative metabolism and the release and synthesis of acetylcholine. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis in vivo is known to decrease during the aging process (senescence). To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of this age-related decline, we studied brain slices from 3-, 10-, and 30-month-old mice of two strains (C57B1 and Balb/c). In low K+ media, oxidative metabolism as measured by 14CO2 production decreased with aging from 100% (3 months) to 85% (10 months) or 71% (30 months) whether [U-14C]glucose, [3,4-14C]glucose, or [1-14C]pyruvate was the substrate. In the aged brain (30 months) the increase in 14CO2 production with K+ stimulation was about twofold higher than in the young brain (3 months). Thus, in high K+ media, only slight decreases (less than 10%) in oxidative metabolism occurred with aging. Changes in ACh synthesis paralleled the decreases in 14CO2 production. Synthesis of [14C]ACh from [U-14C]glucose in low K+ media declined from 100% (3 months) to 85% (10 months) or 66% (30 months), while in high K+ media only slight decreases (less than 10.5%) occurred with aging. The Ca2+-dependent, K+-stimulated release of [14C]ACh declined from 100% (3 months) to 58% (10 months) or 25% (30 months). Only the decrease in he release of ACh declined to the same extent as the reduced in vivo synthesis of ACh with aging. The results suggest that decreases in oxidative metabolism, ACh synthesis, and in the release of ACh contribute to a reduction in cholinergic function in senescent brain. PMID- 7320735 TI - Neonatal hormone treatment and maturation of the pineal noradrenergic system: hydrocortisone and thyroxine. AB - The circadian release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland drives acetyl-CoA:serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT; EC 2.3.1.5) activity in the adult pineal from a daytime low to a nighttime high. In the newborn, enzyme activity is intermediate between the adult's daily extremes and has only a small circadian fluctuation. With age, these fluctuations increase in amplitude until the adult pattern is attained at about days 10-12. Treatment of neonates with thyroxine for the first 3 days of life accelerated, whereas administration of hydrocortisone acetate at birth retarded the developmental decline in daytime serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity. Maximal differences in daytime enzyme activity of controls and thyroxine-treated animals were seen at day 4 and between controls and steroid-treated pups at day 8. Desipramine treatment increase NAT activity in 8-day-old animals; hydrocortisone-treated animals were least affected. Freshly cultured pineals from steroid-treated animals were more responsive to low, and less responsive to high, concentrations of norepinephrine than glands from thyroxine-treated or control animals. They were also less responsive to isoproterenol both in acute and 48-h organ culture. Pineals from hydrocortisone-treated animals in culture accumulated less exogeneous norepinephrine than glands from controls but released a greater fraction of their content on transfer to fresh medium. Normal and steroid-treated animals released the same fraction of their norepinephrine contents into the medium when reuptake was blocked by desipramine (DMI). PMID- 7320736 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of novel polysialogangliosides from embryonic chick brain. AB - Preparative thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate from embryonic chick brains four different polysialogangliosides which moved below GT1b on TLC plates. These possessed molar sialic acid-to-sphingosine ratios of 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, and 7:1, respectively. Mild neuraminidase (Clostridium perfringens) treatment of the three most highly sialylated fractions gave GT1b and GD1b transiently, but the only accumulating ganglioside was GM1. All three polysialogangliosides were also found in Elasmobranch brains. During development of he chicken the concentrations of the two most slow-moving fractions ("hexa"-, and "septa" -sialogangliosides) decreased. PMID- 7320737 TI - Antitumor agents. 49 tricin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (+) nortrachelogenin, antileukemic principles from Wikstroemia indica. AB - Bioassay-directed isolation of the antitumor extract of Wikstroemia indica (Thymelaeaceae) has led to the characterization of tricin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D glucopyranoside, and (+)-nortrachelogenin as the major antileukemic constituents. In addition, daphnoretin was identified as the potent antitumor principle in vivo against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth in mice. PMID- 7320738 TI - Plant anticancer agents. XIX Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis. AB - The stem bark of the Thai tree Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) has afforded 1,3-dibehenyl-2-ferulyl glyceride (3), which is novel, and 12-O-n-deca- 2, 4, 6 trienoylphorbol-13-acetate (4). The structures of these cytotoxic compounds were elucidated by their spectral and chemical parameters. PMID- 7320739 TI - Potential antitumor agents. XVII. physalin B and 25,26-epidihydrophysalin C from Witheringia coccoloboides. AB - An investigation of Witheringia coccoloboides (Dammer) A. T. Hunziker [Capsicum fuscoviolaceum (Cufodontis) Mort. And Standl.] roots has resulted in the isolation of two cytotoxic compounds: physalin B (1) and a novel physalin, which was characterized by spectral analysis as 25,26-epidihydrophysalin C (2). Both compounds have demonstrated cytotoxic activity in 9KB and 9PS tumor cells (in vitro). Physalin B (1) has demonstrated moderate activity against the 3PS mouse leukemia (in vivo). PMID- 7320740 TI - Isolation of geodiastatins 1 and 2 from the marine sponge Geodia mesotriaena. AB - An aqueous extract of the Gulf of California Geodia mesotriaena von Lendenfeld (Porifera) has been found to contain two chromoprotein antineoplastic agents designated geodiastatins 1 and 2. The active brownish-black proteins from this siliceous sponge were found to contain major (greater than 1%) amounts of silicon and to inhibit growth of the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia. A related protein (geodiatoxin 1) was found to be toxic at 6 mg/kg (LI100, mouse). PMID- 7320741 TI - Catharanthus alkaloids. XXXV. Isolation of leurosidine N'b-oxide from Catharanthus roseus. PMID- 7320742 TI - Tactile spatial resolution. I. Two-point discrimination, gap detection, grating resolution, and letter recognition. PMID- 7320743 TI - Tactile spatial resolution. III. A continuum mechanics model of skin predicting mechanoreceptor responses to bars, edges, and gratings. PMID- 7320744 TI - Time-varying properties of myotatic response in man during some simple motor tasks. PMID- 7320745 TI - Response of Visual Cortical Neurons of the cat to moving sinusoidal gratings: response-contrast functions and spatiotemporal interactions. PMID- 7320746 TI - Spinothalamic tract neurons that project to medial and/or lateral thalamic nuclei: evidence for a physiologically novel population of spinal cord neurons. PMID- 7320748 TI - Recurrent inhibition in type-identified motoneurons. PMID- 7320747 TI - Inhibitory receptive fields of primate spinothalamic tract cells. PMID- 7320749 TI - Density, soma size, and regional distribution of rabbit retinal ganglion cells. AB - Cell soma area or diameter distributions are generally very skewed and present some unusual problems in characterization and description. In this study of ganglion cell soma size in rabbit retina, our conclusions are based on a statistical method which not only characterizes this particular neuronal population but which also may be of considerable value in other species and other parts of the nervous system. To facilitate comparisons between retinas, we used ganglion cell density as the measure of retinal location. The rabbit retina has a horizontally extended area centralis, the visual streak, which we show to have a uniformly high peak cell density along most of its length. Cell density maps were used to estimate the total number of ganglion cells in the retina; the mean for three retinas was about 406,000 cells, which corresponds well to an earlier count of optic nerve axons (394,000 +/- 20,000; Vaney, D.I., and A. Hughes (1976) J. Comp. Neurol. 170: 241-252). Contrary to other reports, we could not find any large differences in ganglion cell size distributions between the inferior peripheral retina and the visual streak nor could we confirm the report of a large cell area temporalis (Provis, J. M. (1979) J. Comp. Neurol. 185: 121-138). Cell size distributions in the superior and inferior retina were very different, however, and, within the inferior retina, there was a small but systematic change in cell size between the periphery and the visual streak. In general, small and medium size cells were present in nearly constant proportions throughout the inferior retina, while the large ganglion cells showed a small decrease in proportion from the periphery to the visual streak; the decline in large cells was a linear function of cell density. In terms of ganglion cell soma size, there was no sharp distinction between the visual streak and the peripheral retina. PMID- 7320750 TI - The role of gustatory and postingestive signals in the termination of delayed glucoprivic feeding and hypothalamic norepinephrine turnover. PMID- 7320751 TI - Specificity and plasticity of retinotectal connections: a computational model. AB - A computational model is presented which simulates the development and regeneration of orderly connections between retinal fibers and tectal cells in frogs and goldfish. The model distinguishes two aspects of retinotectal connectivity: (1) the contact adhesion between retinal fibers and tectal cells as mediated by fixed chemospecific markers and (2) the formation of modifiable synapses between them. Chemospecificity is assumed to be an intrinsic property of both the retina and tectum and is modeled as a graded distribution of a binding determinant or marker. Synapse formation depends upon the timing of neural activity as well as on the intinsic chemospecificity of retinotectal contacts. In addition to the normal development and regeneration of the retinotectal map, the model simulates the compressed, expanded, translocated, and rotated maps that have been found in surgically manipulated contexts. There examples of plasticity in the retinotectal map can be simulated without assuming any changes in the marker distributions. Moreover, the model demonstrates that a very shallow gradient of a single marker suffices to organize retinotectal connections in a variety of contexts. PMID- 7320752 TI - Neuronal cell surfaces: distinctive glycoproteins of cultured adrenergic and cholinergic sympathetic neurons. AB - Cell surface components which are candidates for a role in nerve-target interactions specific for neurons of particular transmitter types in the sympathetic nervous system have been identified. Neurons of superior cervical ganglia of neonatal rats were dissociated and cultured in the virtual absence of non-neuronal cells under conditions previously found to control their choice of neurotransmitter. When raised in medium conditioned by heart cells, the neurons become cholinergic; when raised in medium which depolarizes them, the neurons remain in their original adrenergic state. The cell surface proteins of the neurons were labeled by either metabolic or surface-specific methods, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and visualized by autoradiography. A total of approximately 35 glycoproteins can be resolved, of which at least 14 are exposed on the cell surface. We evaluated glycoproteins of neurons raised under conditions which differ in their potency for inducing cholinergic properties: medium conditioned by skeletal muscle, liver, or heart cells or medium containing 1 mM butyric acid. The expression of three neuronal glycoproteins was correlated with the ability of a given culture condition to induce the synthesis and accumulation of acetylcholine or catecholamines. Two of these proteins are exposed on the cell surface, and the third appears to be identical with a protein previously shown to be secreted into the culture medium. PMID- 7320753 TI - Loss of muscarinic receptors and of stimulated phospholipid labeling in ibotenate treated hippocampus. AB - The stimulation of phospholipid labeling by muscarinic agonists has been examined in nerve ending preparations from lesioned hippocampus in order to investigate the synaptic locus of the effect. Unilateral injections of the neurotoxin, ibotenic acid, into the hippocampus resulted in an extensive loss of nerve cells from both the dentate gyrus and hippocampus on the lesioned side and a parallel loss of muscarinic receptors as revealed by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate autoradiography. Homogenates and nerve ending fractions prepared from the lesioned side of the hippocampus possessed a reduced specific activity (expressed per milligram of protein) of glutamic acid decarboxylase as well as a reduced number of muscarinic receptors compared with the control side. By contrast, choline acetyltransferase activity was either unchanged or slightly increased on the lesioned side. Although there was a reduced yield (25%) of nerve endings from the lesioned side, the specific activity of 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids in the absence of added carbachol was comparable to that of the control side. There was, however, a marked reduction in the carbachol stimulation of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol labeling in nerve ending fractions obtained from he lesioned hippocampus. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptors present in nerve ending fractions from hippocampus and implicated in stimulated phospholipid turnover are derived from cholinoceptive intrinsic neurons. PMID- 7320755 TI - Classical conditioning in a simple withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. AB - The ability of Aplysia and other gastropod molluscs to exhibit complex behaviors that can be modified by associative learning has encouraged us to search for an elementary behavior controlled by a simple and well analyzed neural circuit that also can be modified by this type of learning. Toward that end, we have now produced classical conditioning in the defensive siphon and gill withdrawal reflex of Aplysia. We used as a conditioned stimulus (CS) a light tactile stimulus to the siphon, which produces weak siphon and gill withdrawal. As the unconditioned stimulus (US), we used a strong electric shock to the tail, which produces a massive withdrawal reflex. Specific temporal pairing of the CS and US endowed the CS with the ability of triggering enhanced withdrawal of both the siphon and the gill. Random or unpaired presentations of the CS and US, as well as presentations of the CS or US alone, produced either no enhancement or significantly less enhancement than paired presentations of the CS and US. The conditioning is acquired rapidly (within 15 trials) and is retained for several days. The conditioned response is abolished completely by removal of the abdominal ganglion and many of the neurons involved in the conditioning have been identified in this ganglion previously. These include the sensory neurons and several interneurons in the CS pathway and the siphon and gill motor neurons of the conditioned and unconditioned response pathways. Moreover, the sensory neurons of the US pathway have been identified in the pleural ganglia. As a result of its simplicity, it should be possible in this reflex to specify neurons that are causally related to the conditioned response. Since this reflex also exhibits nonassociative learning, it also may be possible to compare associative and nonassociative learning on a mechanistic level. PMID- 7320754 TI - Effects of damage to the suprachiasmatic area of the anterior hypothalamus on the daily melatonin and cortisol rhythms in the rhesus monkey. AB - The effects of lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) on the circadian rhythms in melatonin and cortisol were examined in the rhesus monkey. The concentrations of the two hormones were monitored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawn from two sham-operated animals, two animals with complete bilateral SCN lesions, and two animals with partial SCN damage at 4 and 8 months after surgery. In the sham-operated animals, as in the intact animal, the daily melatonin rhythm was entrained to the daily light-dark cycle, was suppressed in constant light, and persisted in constant darkness. In contrast, neither animal with complete SCN ablation exhibited a daily pattern of CSF melatonin in diurnal lighting at 4 months after surgery nor were their melatonin levels at constant low values. Furthermore, CSF melatonin concentrations were not suppressed in either animal by constant light. Surprisingly, at 8 months after surgery, spectral analysis revealed a 24-hr component to the melatonin patterns for each animal with complete SCN ablation in both diurnal lighting and constant darkness. The two animals with partial SCN damage exhibited a daily melatonin rhythm in diurnal lighting, but constant light did not suppress CSF melatonin concentrations consistently. Daily rhythms persisted in both for a 6 1/2-d period of study in constant darkness. In contrast to the alterations in the melatonin rhythm after SCN damage, there was no apparent effect of either partial or complete SCN ablation on the daily CSF cortisol rhythm. These data indicate that, in the rhesus monkey, the SCN is important for the generation, photic entrainment, and photic suppression of the melatonin rhythm. However, circadian oscillators located outside of the SCN region may control the normal daily cortisol rhythm and perhaps the melatonin rhythm in the absence of the SCN. PMID- 7320757 TI - Computed tomography and the abnormal brain in the neonate. PMID- 7320756 TI - Local and regional energy metabolism of the newborn brain. Experimental study. PMID- 7320758 TI - Ultrasonographic exploration of the brain in infants. Value of the transfonticular section. PMID- 7320759 TI - Morphological criteria of central nervous system development in the human foetus. PMID- 7320760 TI - Computed tomography of the orbit and juxtasellar area in children. PMID- 7320761 TI - Hydrocephalus. PMID- 7320762 TI - Cranial CT signs of the Chiari II malformation. PMID- 7320763 TI - Computed tomography of pediatric infratentorial brain tumors. PMID- 7320764 TI - Demyelinating and neuro-degenerative disease in childhood. CT appearances and their differential diagnosis. PMID- 7320765 TI - Computed tomography in pediatric head trauma. PMID- 7320766 TI - Extra-week chemiluminescence of organ homogenate and blood in tocopherol deficient rats. AB - Extra-weak chemiluminescence was detected in the organ homogenate and blood of tocopherol-deficient rats by use of a newly devised single photon counting apparatus. The spectrum distribution showed that the chemiluminescence had emission peaks at wavelengths between 500 and 650 nm corresponding to the simultaneous transition of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), 2[1 delta g] leads to 2[3 epsilon g-]. This chemiluminescence was quenched by the presence of free radical scavengers, butyl hydroxytoluene and d-alpha-tocopherol. It was stimulated by D2O and 1O2-emission enhancer, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane. The chemiluminescent intensities in tissue of rats fed a tocopherol-free diet for seven months were higher than those of rats fed a normal diet which contained 15 mg of tocopherol per 100 g of diet. The considerable increase of light emission was observed especially in liver, kidney, heart, lung and brain homogenates. The intensity of tocopherol-deficient liver chemiluminescence corresponded to 22 x 10(3) photons per sec . cm2. The results indicated that the chemiluminescence was directly related to the generation of 1O2 involving free radical reactions in the tocopherol-deficient rat tissues. PMID- 7320767 TI - Plasma lipid peroxide levels in an urbanized Micronesian population--Nauru. AB - Plasma lipid peroxide levels of 419 inhabitants of Nauru, where a high prevalence of obesity is occurring, were measured. The plasma lipid peroxide level was 4.03 +/- 1.94 nmol/ml in subjects 20-24 years and rose to a peak of 5.78 +/- 3.21 in subjects 35-44 years. The values obtained with Nauruans are significantly higher than those of healthy Japanese people and the peak found in the former was shifted to a younger age than in the Japanese. PMID- 7320768 TI - Regulation and its refractoriness of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism in vitamin D deficiency. AB - The time course of change in plasma calcium levels and renal metabolism of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] was investigated in chicks maintained on a vitamin D deficient diet for 4 weeks. Plasma calcium concentrations dropped sharply between the 7th and 14th day of the feeding period. Renal 25(OH)D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was reciprocally enhanced concurrently with the decrease in plasma calcium levels. The elevated activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase had declined significantly by the 21st and 28th days in spite of the more severe hypocalcemia. When graded amounts of vitamin D3 were administered to the chicks maintained on this diet for 14 or 28 days, there were considerable differences in the change of plasma calcium levels and 25(OH)D3 metabolism induced by vitamin D3 administration between the 14-day and 28-day birds. The minimal dose levels of vitamin D3 to completely suppress renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity were 25 micrograms in the 14-day, and 2.5 mg in the 28-day birds. These differences were not observed between the 14-day and 28-day birds when 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha(OH)D3] was administered. Renal adenylate cyclase activity induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) was much lower in the 28-day chicks than that in 1-day old and the 14-day birds. These results are explained by the hypersecretion of PTH and the subsequent refractoriness of the target organs in severe vitamin D deficiency. Plasma calcium levels per se did not appear to be a major factor in the regulation of 25(OH)D3 metabolism. PMID- 7320769 TI - Regulation of vitamin B12 and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis in a facultative methylotroph, Protaminobacter ruber. AB - The regulation of vitamin B12 and bacteriochlorophyll formation was studied in a facultative methylotroph, Protaminobacter ruber, classified as a non photosynthetic bacterium. Vitamin B12 was formed at an almost constant level under various cultivation conditions, while bacteriochlorophyll synthesis was drastically influenced by the growth conditions. Addition of B12 and hemin to the medium and the change of culture conditions from light to darkness in the early growth phases stimulated the pigment synthesis, but no pigment was formed under the continuous illumination and the addition of chloramphenicol inhibited the pigment formation. delta-ALA synthase and delta-ALA dehydratase activities were demonstrated in P. ruber. delta-ALA synthase formation was induced when cultures were transferred from light to dark conditions, which promoted the bacteriochlorophyll formation. Bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex had an absorption maximum at 870 nm and a very small peak at 800 nm. PMID- 7320770 TI - Serum free amino acid depletion in ketotic children. AB - Changes in serum free amino acids as a response to ketogenic provocative test were studied in children with a history of ketosis but without hypoglycemia. 1. Of the 17 children who underwent the provocative test, only three showed clinical manifestations. They were among five children who responded to the test and developed hypoglycemia. 2. Hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic children differed greatly in the decrement of serum total gluconeogenic amino acids after completion of the test due to the relatively lower levels before provocation in the hypoglycemic group and the inversely higher levels in the non-hypoglycemic group. 3. Gluconeogenic amino acids that decreased sharply after the test were glycine, alanine, glutamine and glutamate. PMID- 7320771 TI - Analyses of cystine in human hair: its level in women's hair of former times. AB - An appropriate procedure for analysis of cystine in the hair has been established, and this procedure was applied to the hair of Japanese women. The recovery of authentic cystine added to a hair sample was 85-90% in 6N HCl hydrolysis, and 96% in acid hydrolysis after performic acid oxidation. The 18-hr acid hydrolysis, but not 4-hr one, was sufficient to digest the hair. In colorimetry by using phosphotungstate, Brown's reagent gave a stable color development. The cystine content by amino acid autoanalysis was significantly correlated with that by the phosphotungstate colorimetry by the modified method of Kassel et al. or of Shinohara. The cystine content in women's hair, which was collected from specimens of different individuals cut during the period from 1910s to 1980, indicated a wide variation ranging from 0.654 to 1.607 mmol half cystine per g of hair after washing with 0.5% sodium laurylsulfate. PMID- 7320772 TI - Effects of Okinawan sugar cane rind on serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the rat. AB - Okinawan sugar cane rind was fed to Wistar strain rats to examine its effects on the serum and liver cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (TG). At the same time, the effects of sugar cane rind on the fecal excretion of neutral sterols of the rats were examined. There were no significant differences found in the food intakes and the liver weight between the rats fed with sugar cane rind and other groups. The addition of 1% Chol to the diet caused a significant increase in body weight gain but the supplementation of sugar cane rind (2%) showed an effect on weight control of rats. The serum Chol and TG levels of the rats given sugar cane rind were lowered significantly. However, the lipid levels in the liver were almost the same when compared with the control groups. The amount of feces excreted by the rats fed with sugar cane rind was about 37% more than that of the control group, and the fecal excretion of neutral sterols was significantly higher. PMID- 7320773 TI - Nutritional significance of intestinal sucrase activity in rats. PMID- 7320774 TI - Otologic referral in industrial hearing conservation programs. AB - Baseline and periodic audiometry was performed on noise-exposed workers in 21 industrial plants. Workers showing moderate hearing loss, asymmetry, or significant threshold shifts were referred for otologic evaluation. The overall referral rate was 2.76%. Of 107 referrals, 53% had otologic diagnoses other than noise-induced hearing loss or required specific intervention, or both. The results support the use of criteria at least as stringent as those used in this study. PMID- 7320775 TI - Firefighters' reaction to alarm, an ECG and heart rate study. AB - Firemen's reaction to alarm was investigated with a pulse rate and ECG analysis. The frame of reference was the psychophysiological alarm reaction and its relation to psychosomatic diseases. ECG and pulse rate measurements were recorded continuously from 22 first-string firemen. According to an exercise stress test, the subjects were healthy, but not more fit than a sedentary population. High pulse rates occurred during the alarm due to vigorous movement to the trucks. No anticipatory pulse rate rise occurred as the firemen approached the fire. Non pathological ECG deviations were found 13 subjects although no abnormalities were found in the same subjects during exercise test. Different firefighting practices, environment, selection, and training might explain the differences between the findings of the present investigation and those of other recent studies. PMID- 7320776 TI - Mortality among ethylene oxide workers. AB - Because of reports linking an increased risk of leukemia with exposure to ethylene oxide, a mortality study of workers with potential exposure to ethylene oxide at the Texaco Chemical Company Plant in Port Neches, Tex., was undertaken. A total of 767 males with potential exposure to ethylene oxide were identified. Forty-six deaths occurred in this cohort with 80 expected (standardized mortality ratio; SMR = 58). No deaths from leukemia were seen, nor were there any statistically significant excesses from any specific causes of death. PMID- 7320777 TI - A survey of working conditions in small-scale industries in Nigeria. AB - The working conditions in 225 small-scale industrial premises representing nine different trades with a labor force of 1,497 were studied. The provision of drinking water, hand washing and toilet facilities, eating places and cloakrooms was found to be generally unsatisfactory. The indoor workers were on the whole better provided for than those working outdoors except for the provision of cloakrooms and eating places where the reverse was the case. Sanitation was found to be inversely related to the size of the firms (p less than 0.05). Ways of improving the conditions of these people working in rather hazardous circumstances are discussed. PMID- 7320778 TI - Respiratory cancer among copper smelter workers: recent mortality statistics. AB - A survey of mortality among copper smelter workers in the western United States revealed that a respiratory cancer excess previously observed during the period 1938 through 1963 continued from 1964 through 1977. When analyzed in relation to smelter employment prior to 1964, the recent increase in respiratory cancer was linked to work in plant areas where airborne arsenic concentrations were elevated and to a cumulative arsenic exposure index, although some excess risk was also associated with long-term employment in jobs with limited exposures to arsenic. The arsenic-related excess remained after adjustment for work in areas of the plant with elevated concentrations of sulphur dioxide, which was not found to have an independent influence upon cancer risk. Increased rates for nonmalignant respiratory disease were also observed, but were not significantly associated with arsenic exposure. PMID- 7320779 TI - Concurrent birefringence and forward light-scattering measurements of flash bleached rod outer segments. AB - A microretardometer--nephelometer was constructed to measure birefringence and forward-direction light scattering concurrently in single retinal rod outer segments (ROS). The relative contributions of light-induced birefringence and light-scattering changes to observed far-red transmission changes measured normal to the cell axis were evaluated in isolated, whole, flash-bleached ROS. No light scattering transients were found corresponding to the previously reported rapid birefringence loss associated with the metarhodopsin I lead to metarhodopsin II reaction even under conditions in which such a light-scattering change has been reported for outer-segment fragments. PMID- 7320780 TI - Spatial and temporal summation in the human dark-adapted retina. AB - A coherent set of absolute-threshold data is presented for circular flashes with a diameter of 5-343 min of arc, a flash duration of 32-1000 msec, and at eccentricities between 7 and 50 deg in the temporal retina. A reduction in the flash interval from 4 to 1 sec causes a threshold elevation for eccentricities exceeding 15 deg for all other stimulus parameters. It is shown that local adaptation affects the measurements significantly, especially when long-lasting stimuli and large eccentricities exist. The results can be described with the help of a quanta-coincidence model if adaptational properties are included. PMID- 7320781 TI - Effects of photopic annulus luminance level on reaction time and on the latency of evoked cortical potential responses to target flashes. AB - Correlated experiments on visual reaction time (RT) and visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP's) were performed to assess the effects of illumination level of steady annulus surrounds on the latency of response to centrally presented target flashes (1 and 3 degrees in diameter) over a wide range of retinal illuminances. The latencies of the electrophysiological (VECP) responses are more variable than those of the psychophysical RT responses. For both classes of response, the visual latency for a given target flash luminance is systematically increased (inhibited) by a spatially contiguous annulus with a retinal illuminance that equals or exceeds that of the target. The inhibitory effect of a given annulus increases progressively as the target retinal illuminance is lowered below that of the annulus. The corresponding RT and VECP curves have the same shape, thus suggesting that the motor component of the RT responses is not differentially influenced by variations in target illumination. The inhibitory effects are characteristically greater for the 3 degrees target than for the 1 degree target. Lateral neural inhibition and stray-light models for these data are considered. PMID- 7320782 TI - Postoperative wound infection in orthopedic surgery. PMID- 7320783 TI - Obesity: recent developments in concepts of pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 7320784 TI - Aims and goals of the Department of Medicine--Phase II. PMID- 7320785 TI - Some limiting factors of therapeutic communities introduction to the papers in this issue. PMID- 7320786 TI - Problems of establishing a therapeutic community ward within a mental hospital. PMID- 7320787 TI - From enthusiasm to resignation in a therapeutic community. A process evaluation of a mental hospital ward with the Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS). PMID- 7320788 TI - What was helpful and what was harmful? Patients evaluate the progress of recovery in a therapeutic community. PMID- 7320789 TI - The problem of individualized milieu treatment in a therapeutic community. PMID- 7320790 TI - Why do psychiatric patients return? A pilot study of patients re-admitted to a psychiatric ward in a general hospital. PMID- 7320791 TI - Diagnosis, treatment problems and course of patients transferred from a therapeutic community ward to a mental hospital. PMID- 7320792 TI - The primary task of open heterogeneous groups in a therapeutic community. PMID- 7320793 TI - The effects of change of leadership in a therapeutic community. PMID- 7320794 TI - [Frequent sinus irrigation therapy for chronic sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320795 TI - [Pharyngeal wall movement during speech (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320796 TI - [Cysts of the nasal vestibule (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320797 TI - [A case of laryngeal leiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320798 TI - [Early prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy evaluation from the combination of each palsy index score and palsy index (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320799 TI - [Temporal effect of two-tone stimulus on the cochlear nucleus neurons of the cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320800 TI - [An investigation of the location of the motoneurons innervating the pharyngeal constrictors and the cervical esophagus muscles of cats using horseradish peroxidase method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320801 TI - [Acupuncture in otolaryngology]. PMID- 7320802 TI - [Developmental study on the facial nerve and canal in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320803 TI - [Four cases of eye lesions due to postoperative muco-pyoceles of the nasal accessory sinuses. Experience of pansinectomy and decomposition of the optic canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320804 TI - [Studies on the olfactory fatigue by T & T olfactometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320805 TI - [Progressive necrotizing osteomyelitis of the temporal bone following chronic suppurative otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320806 TI - [A clinical and pathological study on 39 patients with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320807 TI - [Temporal bone histopathology of the congenital spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320808 TI - [Experimental study of the vibration analysis of tympanic membrane by holographic interferometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320809 TI - [Color tone of the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 7320810 TI - Macrophages from malignant effusions. AB - Cells from 11 malignant effusions have been examined for macrophage functional attributes and for evidence of macrophage malignancy. Three patients with Hodgkin's disease and one patient with histiocytic medullary reticulosis had atypical macrophages in their serous fluids. This adds further evidence to support the theory that the macrophage is the malignant cell in these tumour types. Two other patients with LRMPS tumours had atypical non-adherent cells in their effusions; these were probably lymphoid in origin. Samples from patients with benign disease and with epithelial tumours did not have atypical LRMPS cells. One patient with Hodgkin's disease lacked the atypical macrophage. In this patient the ascites was not due primarily to tumour involvement. There was no evidence to suggest a Hodgkin's disease-related macrophage deficit as has been reported in tissue samples. It is concluded that cells from malignant effusions are a particularly valuable source of information about the histogenesis of tumours which may be of macrophage origin. PMID- 7320811 TI - A transplantable human malignant Schwannoma. AB - A human malignant Schwannoma was serially transplanted through three generations in nude mice. The tumours grew readily and the take-up rate was 100 per cent. No metastasis was observed in nude mice. Morphological features of the original tumour were strictly maintained through all the transplant generations. The tumour cells of the original and of the transplants showed features of primitive Schwann cells of embryonic nerve trunks. PMID- 7320812 TI - The lining of branchial cysts studied by electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry. AB - The lining of five branchial cysts from patients aged from 17 to 51 was studied by histochemical methods for non-specific acid esterase and acid phosphatase and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The stratified squamous epithelium was shown to be a specialised structure, with a few microvillous cells on the surface and an intra-epithelial network of channels containing lymphocytes, notable T cells, and mononuclear phagocytic cells. The appearance of the cyst lining was similar to that of the epithelium lining the crypts of palatine tonsils. The demonstration of a complex lympho-epithelial lining of the cysts does not settle the controversial question of their origin, but it must be taken into account by hypotheses explaining the development of branchial cysts. PMID- 7320813 TI - The glomerular basal lamina in hereditary nephritis. AB - Characteristic ultrastructural alterations of the glomerular basal lamina have been reported in hereditary nephritis. The basal lamina is irregularly thickened and the lamina densa shows replication with a "basket weave" pattern, enclosing electron-lucent lacunae which frequently contain small dense particles. However there is controversy regarding the specificity of this lesion in hereditary nephritis. To determine the specificity, 366 renal biopsies from 310 children were studied retrospectively. Twenty-four out of 27 patients with hereditary nephritis showed the characteristic changes of the basal lamina and they were widespread in 17. Two patients with recurrent haematuria but no family history of deafness or haematuria showed similar extensive changes and are regarded as new mutant cases of hereditary nephritis. Similar changes were seen in 17 of the 281 patients with other conditions but were always localized to a few capillary loops. We conclude that a widespread "basket weave" pattern appears to be confined to hereditary nephritis and is seen in the great majority of such cases. PMID- 7320814 TI - The cytochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptors in human breast carcinomas. AB - A cytochemical method has been used to demonstrate oestrogen receptor in histological sections of breast carcinomas, and has given similar qualitative results to the biochemical dextra-coated charcoal method. Two conjugation techniques were employed to couple horseradish peroxidase to 17 beta-oestradiol-6 O-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin. The periodate conjugation method led to a greater degree of coupling but a higher concentration was required for demonstration of oestrogen receptor than that needed when the two-stage glutaraldehyde conjugation method was use, even though this resulted in a lesser degree of coupling. Care in the preparation of tissue has been found to be essential. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was unsuitable; rapid freezing of fresh tissue, only brief air-drying or acetone fixation of tissue sections and short-term storage were important. A correlation has been shown between the presence of oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas and good histological differentiation. The poorer differentiated tumours were also found to contain fewer reactive cells. PMID- 7320815 TI - Ultrasonic size reduction of liposomes and volume estimation of internal aqueous phase. PMID- 7320816 TI - The effect of anisotropy on mixed ester microfiltration membrane performance. PMID- 7320817 TI - Syringeability of nonaqueous parenteral formulations--development and evaluation of a testing apparatus. PMID- 7320818 TI - Physical and chemical monitoring with reliability techniques in sterilizer management. PMID- 7320820 TI - Children's social skills: an overview. PMID- 7320819 TI - Statistical methods in parenteral drug research. I. Basic concepts. PMID- 7320821 TI - Normative and descriptive analysis of preschool free play social interaction rates. PMID- 7320822 TI - The implications of communication development for social skills training. PMID- 7320823 TI - Learning disabled children's communicative competence on referential communication tasks. PMID- 7320824 TI - Social behavior and social perception in learning-disabled children: a review with implications for social skills training. PMID- 7320825 TI - The validity and predictive efficiency of the North Carolina Psychoeducational Screening Test. PMID- 7320826 TI - Activity and attentional correlates of teacher ratings of hyperactivity. PMID- 7320827 TI - Maternal reactions to problem behaviors and ordinal position of child. AB - Mothers' reactions to problem behavior patterns were contrasted in a sample of mothers of first-born and later-born boys. Mothers of 8- and 14-year-old boys were presented with six hypothetical cases. Mothers of first-born boys described themselves as more likely to seek outside professional help for problems than did mothers of later-born boys. Similar results held true for those stories that mothers reported as descriptive of their own sons in recent weeks. Interestingly, no difference in the reported prevalence of such problems was found between the two birth order groups. These findings hold true for moderate severity problems, but not for severe problems. Mothers of first-born boys were more inclined to attribute the cause of problems to parent factors, while mothers of later-borns tended to focus more on the sons' skill deficits. The findings are interpreted in terms of the differential parenting experiences of the two groups and suggest an explanation for the greater incidence of clinic referral among first-borns compared to later-borns. PMID- 7320828 TI - Transmural electrical stimulation-induced relaxation of the guinea-pig gall bladder. AB - The responses of isolated gal bladder to transmural electrical stimulation with rectangular pulses (50 volt, 0.5 ms) of 30 Hz for 10 s at intervals of 30 min were observed for 5 to 6 hours continuously and compared for different values of resting tonus in Krebs solution at 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C Krebs solution, the resting tonus increased gradually with time and became stable at 0.56 +/- 0.07 g (mean +/- S.D.) after 5 h. In 37 degrees C Krebs solution, the resting tonus increased gradually with time and became stable at 1.48 +/- 0.49 g (mean +/ S.D.) to 1.5 +/- 0.19 g (mean +/- S.D.) after 5 h. Monophasic contraction was observed when the resting tonus was lower than 1.49 +/- 0.15 g (mean +/- S.D.), but above this value, biphasic response consisting of contraction and relaxation was observed. Both monophasic and biphasic responses were blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin. Physostigmine enhanced monophasic contraction, increased the duration of contraction, and abolished the relaxation of biphasic contractile response. The results suggest that contractile response of isolated guinea-pig gall bladder to transmural electrical stimulation was directly induced by acetylcholine released from postganglionic cholinergic fibers. Transmural electrical stimulation with rectangular pulses (50 volt, 0.5 ms) at 10, 20, 30 or 40 Hz for 10 s induced biphasic response in which the contraction varied with frequency, peaking at about 30 Hz, while the relaxation was almost constant. Biphasic relaxation was reduced or inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, ouabain, or K+ -free solution. This suggests that the relaxation phase of the biphasic response induced by transmural electrical stimulation was an active process. PMID- 7320829 TI - Biopharmaceutical studies on hydantoin derivatives. I. Physico-chemical properties of hydantoin derivatives and their intestinal absorption. AB - The physico-chemical properties of a series of hydantoin derivatives and their intestinal absorption from solution were studied. The introduction of the benzenesulfonyl group at the 1-position of the hydantoin ring greatly affects the physico-chemical properties: the acid dissociation constants were increased 1000 fold and the partition coefficients were increased 100- to 1000-fold in the chloroform/water system and 10- to 100-fold in the n-octanol/water system. The solubilities of 1-benzenesulfonylhydantoin derivatives increased with increasing pH of the solution at pH more than 5, but the solubilities of the 1- unsubstituted hydantoin derivatives were scarcely dependent on the pH of the solution in the pH 1 to 8 region. The intestinal absorption from solution was found to be caused by the passive transport according to the first-order kinetics. The rate constants of absorption of 1-benzenesulfonylhydantoin derivatives were rather large even under the condition where they were 99% ionized in the solution than that of the corresponding 1-unsubstituted hydantoin derivatives which exist mainly as the unionized from under the same condition. The intestinal absorption from a solution and the partitioning to chloroform produced linear free energy relationships to each other for the 1 benzenesulfonylhydatoin derivatives and for the 1-unsubstituted hydantoin derivatives independently. However when the partition coefficients in the n octanol/water system were applied, the hydroxyl derivatives were found to deviate from linear relationships. On the basis of the results, a suggestion was made on the in vivo behavior and the bioavailability. PMID- 7320830 TI - Effects of intracerebral administration of atropine and morphine on the caudate stimulation-induced caudate spindle in rats. AB - The electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus could induce a caudate spindle in the rat as in case of the cat and monkey. The spindle was enhanced by atropine (3-10 mg/kg, i.v.) or morphine (3-10 mg/kg, i.v.) and the effect of these drugs were completely abolished by eserine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), but not by methysergide (1 mg/kg, i.v.), PCPA (400 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days) or reserpine (3 mg/kg, i.p. for 2 days). An intraventricular injection of atropine (5-10 microgram/rat) or morphine (10 microgram/rat) exerted a facilitatory action on the spindle, while an intrathalamic and intracaudate injection of atropine (5-50 microgram/rat) showed a suppressive action. The spindle was also markedly enhanced by the microinjection of atropine (15-30 microgram/rat) or morphine (30 microgram/rat) into the reticular formation, and these actions were completely antagonized by eserine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.), but only partially by methysergide (4 microgram/rat, intraventricular administration.) These results suggest that the cholinergic system may play an important role in the regulation of the caudate spindle. PMID- 7320831 TI - Difference between magnesium and manganese ions in modification of effect of catecholamine on adenylate cyclase system in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Involvement of divalent cations was examined in the activation of catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In the presence of various concentrations of either Mg2+ or Mn2+, both basal and norepinephrine stimulated, adenylate cyclase activities were measured. Both activities were gradually increased with the increase in Mg2+ concentration. On the other hand, with Mn2+, both activities were maximum at the low (2.5 mM) concentration, and decreased at the highest concentrations, the decrease being marked in the norepinephrine-stimulated activity. Similar difference between the two divalent cations was also observed in the effect on the binding of the beta-adrenergic ligand to the membrane receptor. PMID- 7320832 TI - Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the level of glutathione and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in rat liver. AB - Oral administration of 500 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) daily for three days elevated the total glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of GSH-S transferase for CDNB and DCNB and GSSG reductase in the rat liver. BHT-alcohol, which is a metabolite of BHT, also elevated the level or activity of these components. The induction of these components with BHT-alcohol was slightly less than that with BHT. However, BHT or BHT-alcohol in doses used had no effect on GSH peroxidase activity. PMID- 7320833 TI - [Synthesis of dibenzo [a,d]cycloheptenylacetic acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320834 TI - [Studies on antihemorrhagic principles in the crude drugs for hemostatics. II. On antihemorrhagic principle in Sanchi Ginseng Radix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320835 TI - [On the antimicrobial activity and syntheses of salicylanilide derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320836 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Perillae Herba. I. Neuropharmacological action of water extract and perillaldehyde (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320837 TI - [Studies on the herb medical materials used for some tumors. II. On the constituents of Hedyotis corymbosa Lam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320838 TI - [The constituent of the essential oil from Rumex japonicus Houtt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320839 TI - Physicochemical property modification strategies based on enzyme substrate specificities I: rationale, synthesis, and pharmaceutical properties of aspirin derivatives. AB - A rationale is developed for drug physicochemical property modification based on making derivatives that are substrates for known enzymes. The approach requires knowledge of the enzyme-substrate specificities to select the appropriate derivative. As a class, the digestive enzymes represent possible reconversion sites. It is shown that by using only known specificities of these enzymes, the physicochemical properties of a drug may be modified in almost any manner desired by appropriate derivative choice, with enzymatic regeneration remaining effective. The strategy is applied to making a stable aspirin derivative that is activated in vivo. Of the derivatives made, aspirin phenylalanine ethyl ester was shown to be stable in suspension form for over 4 years. It was also shown that aspirin is regenerated form the derivative in the presence of the enzymes alpha chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase in vitro. This biochemical approach to drug physicochemical property modification offers a new and powerful rationale for improving drug product efficacy. PMID- 7320840 TI - Physicochemical property modification strategies based on enzyme substrate specificities II: alpha-chymotrypsin hydrolysis of aspirin derivatives. AB - Three aspirin derivatives, aspirin phenylalanine ethyl ester, aspirin phenylalanine amide, and aspirin phenyllactic ethyl ester, were investigated with respect to their hydrolysis by alpha-chymotrypsin. Of the three compounds, aspirin phenylalanine ethyl ester was the best substrate, with kcat = 25 sec-1 and Km = 1.3 x 10-6 M at pH 8.0. The results for all substrates were in the range of expectation based on kinetic data for other substrates. The apparent latitude in the nature of the acrylamide substituent of alpha-chymotrypsin substrates makes this enzyme a good potential reconversion site for many drug derivatives. PMID- 7320841 TI - Physicochemical property modification strategies based on enzyme substrate specificities III: carboxypeptidase A hydrolysis of aspirin derivatives. AB - The aspirin derivatives aspirin phenylalanine and aspirin phenyllactic acid were studied as substrates for carboxypeptidase A. The phenyllactic acid derivative (an ester) was the best substrate but showed considerable product inhibition. The kinetic parameters for both substrates were in the range expected on the basis of other known substrates. The results indicate that the acylamide substituent (drug) has only a small effect on the enzyme kinetic parameters. Consequently, carboxypeptidase A may serve as a reconversion site for many drug derivatives. PMID- 7320842 TI - Pharmacokinetics of indapamide in dogs. AB - Four beagle dogs received both an oral and intravenous dose (1 mg/kg) of indapamide in a crossover design. The blood levels and urinary excretion of intact indapamide were measured, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug were defined. The results indicate that indapamide is completely bioavailable after an oral dose and does not undergo first-pass metabolism. Excretion of unchanged drug from the kidney accounted for only a small percentage of the drug's clearance. While the dog is very similar to the human in its handling of indapamide, the dogs clears indapamide approximately twice as fast as humans. PMID- 7320843 TI - Mass transport properties of co(polyether)polyurethane membranes II: permeability and sorption characteristics. AB - A series of co(polyether)polyurethane polymers containing polyethylene glycol 600, 1000, or 1540 was synthesized, purified by reprecipitation, and cast into clear, tough, flexible membranes using the solution method. Hydration and membrane swelling increased with increasing polyethylene glycol molecular weight. Paroxypropione, 5-nitrosalicylic acid, sulfaguanidine, and phenylbutazone were used as penetrants of a 1 mM donor concentration. Transport rates through the 1540 and 1000 copolymer membranes were in decreasing order: paroxypropione greater than 5-nitrosalicylic acid greater than sulfaguanidine greater than phenylbutazone; however, through the 600 copolymer membrane the rates were paroxypropione greater than 5-nitrosalicylic acid approximately sulfaguanidine. Phenylbutazone did not penetrate during the experiment. Good agreement was obtained between apparent diffusion coefficients calculated by both the time lag and nonsteady-state methods. Boundary layer effects were examined by variations in stirring speeds. Evidence that diffusion may occur primarily through the aqueous region of the hydrated membranes is presented. PMID- 7320844 TI - Preliminary evaluation of mesoionic 6-substituted 1-methylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3]thiazine-5,7-diones as potential novel prodrugs of methimazole. AB - A series of five 6-alkyl- and 6-aryl-mesoionic 1-methylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3]thiazine-5,7-diones was synthesized and found to produce 1-methyl-3H imidazole-2-thione (methimazole) upon alkaline hydrolysis or treatment with amine or thiol reagents. The alkaline hydrolysis followed a second-order rate expression, being dependent on both substrate and hydroxide-ion concentrations. The rate constants for the five derivatives fell within 6-15 x 10(-2) liter/mole min at 40 degrees. These compounds were stable in aqueous acidic solutions and in human serum or rat liver homogenate under conditions producing rapid hydrolysis of the methimazole prodrug 1-carbethoxy-2-methylimidazole-2-thione (carbimazole). PMID- 7320845 TI - Noninvasive dissolution measurement using perturbed angular correlation. AB - A novel noninvasive technique was developed to measure dissolution of the water soluble component of a solid dosage form using indium 111 and perturbed angular correlation. The method involves time-delayed coincidence counting of two cascading gamma-rays that exhibit angular correlation. This angular correlation can be perturbed if the intermediate excited state of the nucleus is reoriented due to an interaction with its environment. When such an interaction occurs, as in a phase change (solid to liquid), the perturbation changes can be shown by anisotropy. A highly perturbed condition in the solid state results in low values (0.02-0.04), while increasing values of anisotropy indicate dissolution. Anisotropy values reach 0.14-0.15 when the total unperturbed physical state (liquid) exists. The worth of this technique was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo determinations of dissolution rates. PMID- 7320846 TI - Interaction of tablet disintegrants and magnesium stearate during mixing I: Effect on tablet disintegration. AB - The effect of magnesium stearate on the disintegration of tablets was studied. Three different preblends, containing a slightly or a strongly swelling disintegrant, were mixed before compression with magnesium stearate for different time periods. The results show that a strongly swelling disintegrant, such as sodium starch glycolate in contrast to potato starch, can reduce the deteriorating effect of hydrophobic lubricants on tablet disintegration. However, the interaction between magnesium stearate and potato starch or sodium starch glycolate and the resulting differences in disintegration characteristics can be masked by the use of disks in the USP disintegration apparatus. PMID- 7320847 TI - General model for dissolution rates of n-component, nondisintegrating spheres. AB - The dissolution rates of compressed spheres consisting of two and three components were measured. A general model for dissolution rates of n-component, nondisintegrating spheres is discussed. Experimental cases are presented to support the model for two- and three-component spheres, two-component interacting spheres, and three-component spheres containing two components that complex. PMID- 7320848 TI - Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of sulconazole in plasma. AB - A sensitive and specific analytical method for the measurement of sulconazole in plasma is described. The compound was extracted from plasma at pH 10 with hexane methylene chloride. Samples were subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mixture as the mobile phase. The components of interest were measured using a variable-wavelength detector at 229 nm. Sulconazole concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml can be measured with confidence using this method. Linear calibration curves were constructed over the concentration range of 0.5-5 microgram/ml for sulconazole from dog plasma. A dog was administered a single oral 1000-mg dose of tritiated sulconazole nitrate; total plasma radioactivity and sulconazole plasma levels determined by HPLC are reported. PMID- 7320849 TI - Relative bioavailability of aspirin gum. AB - The bioavailability of aspirin gum relative to unbuffered aspirin tablets was determined in six normal volunteers. Twenty-four hours following the administration of two aspirin tablets, 91.2 +/- 1.7% (SE) of the 648-mg dose was recovered in the urine. The relative bioavailability of aspirin gum was 69.5 +/- 3.4% (SE), based on cumulative 4-hr urinary excretion of total salicylate after the chewing of three gum tablets for 15 min. The chewed gum was analyzed for total salicylate and contained an average of 37.8% of the administered dose. When added to the cumulative amount of total salicylate excreted in the urine at 24 hr after dosing, the salicylate contained in the chewed gum accounted for essentially 100% of the dose administered. Chewing aspirin gum for up to 30 min did not significantly (p greater than 0.05) reduce the amount of salicylate entrapped in the gum base when compared to chewing times of 5, 10, and 15 min. Based on the results of this study, four pieces of aspirin gum would be needed to provide the same amount of salicylate to the general circulation as two 324-mg aspirin tablets. PMID- 7320850 TI - Influence of administration route on drug delivery to a target organ. AB - Mathematical relationships describing the delivery of drug to a target organ after intra-arterial, intravenous, and oral administration are presented. This discussion clearly demonstrates that administration into a blood vessel leading to the target organ often is superior to intravenous administration. However, this superiority is not clear from traditional plasma concentration monitoring data. PMID- 7320851 TI - Determination of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen in dog serum with automated sample preparation. AB - Methods for the determination of flurbiprofen and ibuprofen in dog serum were developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and automated serum extraction. Sample extraction was automated by use of cartridges packed with a styrene-divinylbenzene macroreticular resin in a microprocessor-controlled centrifugal system. The average recoveries were 98.9% for flurbiprofen and 94.5% for ibuprofen. The limits of detection were approximately 0.04 microgram/ml for flurbiprofen at 254 nm and 0.5 microgram/ml for ibuprofen at 230 nm. The relative standard deviations for the determination of a laboratory standard between days was 2.4% (20 microgram/ml) for flurbiprofen and 1.7% (13 microgram/ml) for ibuprofen. Peak height ratios were linear with concentrations of 0.04--100 microgram/ml for flurbiprofen and 1.0-50 microgram/ml for ibuprofen. These methods are simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific. The use of an automated sample preparation procedure improved the between-day precision by a factor of two when compared to a manual extraction procedure. These methods were applied to bioavailability studies in dogs. PMID- 7320852 TI - Characterization of albumin microspheres by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. AB - Sedimentation field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a new technique that separates and characterizes submicron particles. In the present work, two independent sedimentation FFF methods are presented to characterize bovine serum albumin microspheres in terms of particle size, polydispersity, and diffusion coefficient. Particle diameters and polydispersities determined by the two sedimentation FFF methods were in excellent agreement with each other and in good agreement with values calculated from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The diameters calculated from the two FFF methods and TEM were 0.349, 0.346, and 0.354 microgram, respectively. PMID- 7320853 TI - Dissolution kinetics of phenylbutazone. AB - This study investigated the possible effects of simultaneous, noninstantaneous, reversible chemical ionization of carbon acids on the dissolution of a typical pharmaceutical carbon acid, phenylbutazone, and its deutero analog. The dissolution rate versus pH profile for phenylbutazone was consistent with phenylbutazone acting as if it were an acid where the ionization can be considered instantaneous. In view of the dissolution behavior of phenylbutazone under various conditions, it is unlikely that the noninstantaneous ionization kinetics demonstrated for this compound play a major role in determining the dissolution rate, either in vitro or in vivo, since the average residence time in a typical aqueous diffusion layer for phenylbutazone dissolution is longer than the reaction time for its ionization. Slowing the reaction time with a primary isotope effect by deuterium substitution for the ionizable proton caused significant deviation from classical behavior for d-phenylbutazone. PMID- 7320854 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of amiodarone in biological fluids. PMID- 7320855 TI - Effect of pirprofen on protein binding of warfarin and tolbutamide in human plasma. AB - The extent of warfarin and tolbutamide binding to plasma proteins was determined with and without pirprofen by an ultrafiltration procedure employing 14C-labeled drugs. Results from in vitro studies at 37 degrees showed that the degree of binding amounted to 97.8% for warfarin and 95.6% for tolbutamide. The binding characteristics of these drugs were not altered when plasma containing either warfarin or tolbutamide at concentrations equivalent to those expected normally after therapeutic dosing were concomitantly spiked with therapeutic amounts of pirprofen. Consequently, potentiation resulting from drug displacement would not be anticipated in humans when pirprofen is administered along with warfarin or tolbutamide. PMID- 7320856 TI - Importance of radiochemical purity of radiolabeled drugs used for determining plasma protein binding of drugs. PMID- 7320857 TI - Determination of renal clearance using arterial and venous plasma: procainamide in rabbits. PMID- 7320858 TI - The development of spatial-frequency selectivity in kitten striate cortex. AB - 1. Single units were recorded in the striate cortex of kittens aged between 2 and 12 weeks. Contrast sensitivity measurements made using moving sinusoidal gratings were used to construct spatial-frequency tuning curves. 2. In young kittens cells had low sensitivities, responded only to low spatial frequencies and were unselective for spatial frequency. In addition 30% of the cells recorded in the youngest kittens were unresponsive to visual stimuli. 3. Sensitivity improved to near-adult values within 5-6 weeks. 4. Best spatial frequency improved more gradually, so that even in the oldest kittens best spatial frequencies were lower than adult values. 5. Selectivity for spatial frequency, considered both in terms of the numbers of selective cells and the narrowness of their tuning curves, improved rapidly, and reached adult values within the first 6 weeks. 6. These results are discussed in relation to other developmental studies. PMID- 7320859 TI - Morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of rat cerebellar slices maintained in vitro. AB - 1. The morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of sagittal cerebellar slices of adult rat cerebellum maintained in vitro were studied. 2. The ultrastructural preservation of the different neuronal cell types in many areas of these slices after 2-3 h incubation was very similar to that observed in material fixed in situ. A limited degree of glial swelling was observed in some regions. 3. The conduction velocity of parallel fibres was within the normal in vivo range and the fibres retained their ability to activate Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurones. 4. Purkinje cells, recorded intrasomatically, responded to white matter stimulation with characteristic antidromic activation and climbing fibre responses, and typical parallel fibre responses were evoked following parallel fibre stimulation. 5. Climbing fibre excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) were very similar whether recorded in the dendrites or somata of Purkinje cells. By contrast, marked differences in the associated spike potentials were evident, the initial fast, low-threshold somatic spike appearing in the dendrites as a slow, high-threshold spike. The secondary spikes, both in the soma and dendrites, were of the latter type. 6. The initial somatic spike was readily inactivated by cell depolarization but resisted moderate hyperpolarization, whereas the converse was true for the slow, high-threshold spikes recorded in the dendrites. These differences suggest that these responses are generated in the soma and in the dendrites respectively. 7. Climbing fibre and parallel fibre e.p.s.p.s recorded in Purkinje cell somata were reversed under depolarizing current injected through the recording micro-electrode. As in vivo, the parallel fibre e.p.s.p.s was more sensitive to injected current than the climbing fibre e.p.s.p. in several instances, despite the more proximal location of the synapses involved. PMID- 7320860 TI - Changes in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline associated with central and peripheral thermal stimuli in the pig. AB - 1. The role of catecholamines in thermogenesis has been investigated in trained young pigs in various situations which increases heat production. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were estimated by radioenzymic assay of samples taken from an indwelling jugular catheter to prevent disturbance and stress. 2. During 3 hr at ambient temperatures of between 25 and -5 degrees C, there was curvilinear increase in noradrenaline concentrations as temperature decreased, but adrenaline did not change. After 1-3 days at 5 or 1 degrees C, the concentrations of both amines were similar to those found at thermal neutrality. 3. Cooling the cervical region of the spinal cord resulted in a large increase in plasma noradrenaline whereas local cooling of the hypothalamus was associated with a small increase in the hormone. When cooling either region of the central nervous system, plasma adrenaline concentrations did not change. 4. During exposure to 45 degrees C, rectal temperature increased to 43 degrees C. Concentrations of catecholamines remained low or declined until the rectal temperature was above 41.5 degrees C when the concentrations increased in most animals. 5. Induced physical activity lasting 40 min was associated with an increase in both noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations. 6. Blood samples from the inferior vena cava, just cephalad to the outlet of the adrenal veins, had much higher concentrations of noradrenaline during cold exposure than those taken simultaneously from the jugular vein. Therefore, at least part of the increase in noradrenaline concentrations reported above may have been due to release of the hormone from the adrenal medulla. 7. It is concluded that during short-term exposure to cold, and in exercise, there is a rapid catecholamine response, producing concentrations in the blood which could be high enough to stimulate thermogenesis. During longer-term cold exposure, catecholamine output is low and other factors must be of greater importance in maintaining thermogenic processes. Further, catecholamine output may result from thermal stimuli not only from outside the external surface of the animal but also from within the central nervous system. PMID- 7320861 TI - Applicability of models for carrier-mediated serotonin transport to pools of serotonin in intact human platelets. AB - Intact human platelets can accumulate serotonin (5HT) in compartments which are vesicular (thrombin-releasable) or extra-vesicular (non-thrombin-releasable). 1. The net accumulation of extracellular 5HT in either compartment is not coupled in a reciprocal fashion to the presence of appropriate sodium gradients across the cell plasma membrane, and 5HT already present in either compartment is not removed when trans-membrane sodium gradients are abolished or reversed. 2. Net counter-transport of 5HT in either compartment is not detectable. 3. The data are not consistent with transport models such as that for glucose in which appropriate sodium gradients produce gradients of a co-transported molecule, or with models in which counter-transport can occur. PMID- 7320862 TI - Excitation and inhibition of cardiac vagal motoneurones by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve. AB - 1. The carotid sinus nerve was electrically stimulated in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. Stimuli (1 ms, 1-10 V, less than or equal to 1 Hz) evoked responses in single cardiac efferent fibres dissected from the cervical part of the vagus nerve. The mean latencies of these responses varied, from fibre to fibre, between 30 and 120 ms. 2. Stimuli given during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle evoked vagal responses with a shorter latency than similar stimuli given only during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle. 3. Following the vagal response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation a period of inhibition of vagal activity, lasting 100-150 ms, occurred. Refractoriness of the responding vagal motoneurone following an action potential could not account for this post excitatory depression. 4. The inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve were further studied by applying pairs of similar electrical stimuli to the carotid sinus nerve. The second stimulus of a pair had to be given 80-100 ms after the first to evoke a second response. 5. Trains of electrical stimuli (30-100 Hz) were also studied. At low frequencies the inhibitory effect of successive stimuli on vagal responses became less marked, but at higher frequencies only the first and last stimulus of the train reliably evoked responses. For trains of stimuli at both low and high frequencies, the last stimulus of the train evoked a vagal response, which was succeeded by a period of inhibition of vagal firing: this inhibition was then followed by further excitation before vagal discharge returned to resting levels. PMID- 7320863 TI - Inspiratory inhibition of vagal responses to baroreceptor and chemoreceptor stimuli in the dog. AB - 1. Single and few-fibre cardiac efferent filaments were dissected from the cervical vagus nerve of dogs anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed with pancuronium. 2. Brief selective baroreceptor or chemoreceptor stimuli, given during the expiratory phase of the central respiratory cycle and while the lungs were motionless, evoked trains of action potentials in cardiac vagal efferent fibres. These vagal responses outlasted the duration of the stimuli by 1-3 s. 3. Brief selective baroreceptor or chemoreceptor stimuli given during the inspiratory phase of the central respiratory cycle (monitored as phrenic discharge) but while the lungs were motionless, failed to evoke reflex increases in discharge. Background vagal discharge was also inhibited during central inspiratory activity. 4. Brief baroreceptor or chemoreceptor stimuli given during lung inflation but in the expiratory phase of the central respiratory cycle (phrenic silence), also failed to evoke any reflex increase in discharge, but left resting vagal tone relatively unaffected. Only when vagal tone was high was it markedly inhibited by lung inflation, in the absence of central inspiratory activity. 5. A point of contrast between the inhibitory effects of lung inflation and of central inspiratory activity is that both tonic and reflexly evoked vagal discharge are inhibited during central inspiratory activity, but lung inflation more markedly inhibits reflexly evoked vagal discharge than tonic vagal discharge. 6. A model is suggested to explain the different mechanisms of inhibition by lung inflation and by central inspiratory activity. PMID- 7320864 TI - Developmental changes in epithelial transport characteristics of preimplantation rabbit blastocysts. AB - 1. Transepithelial sucrose and urea permeability coefficients were measured in different-aged preimplantation rabbit blastocysts. Sucrose permeability remained constant from 4 to 6 days after fertilization (approximately 1 X 10(-8) cm s-1), but thereafter increased. Urea permeability was very low throughout this period (5 X 10(-7) cm s-1) but a phloretin-sensitive component to urea influx appeared between day 6 and day 7 post coitum (p.c.). 2. Glucose uptake was small (0.2-0.5 nmol cm-2 s-1 and independent of external sodium throughout the preimplantation period. 3. Methionine uptake was 10 times greater than glucose uptake, and was strongly dependent upon the presence of external sodium in 5 and 6 day p.c. blastocysts. The sodium dependence of methionine uptake was lost by the seventh day after fertilization. 4. The transepithelial electrical resistance was always less than 35 omega cm2 in 4 day p.c. blastocysts, and averaged 1758 omega cm2 in 6 day p.c. blastocysts. 5. The transepithelial influx of 140 La averaged 0.46 +/- 0.11 nmol cm-2 h-1 (n = 6) in 4 day p.c. blastocysts. The 5 day p.c. embryos, on the other hand were impermeable to lanthanum (n = 10). 6. These results indicate that the epithelium of the preimplantation rabbit blastocyst undergoes dramatic changes in transport characteristics with development. The blastocyst can be characterized as a 'leaky' transporting epithelium during the early blastocyst period, and as a 'tight' epithelium during the mid to late stages of the preimplantation period. PMID- 7320865 TI - Membrane properties and selective connexions of identified leech neurones in culture. AB - 1. Individual, identified neurones, dissected from the central nervous system of the leech and maintained in culture for several weeks, sprouted processes and formed synaptic connexions.2. The action potentials of isolated touch (T), pressure (P), nociceptive (N) cells and Retzius cells resembled those of their counterparts in situ, enabling them to be recognized unambiguously. Their input resistances were approximately 4 times greater than those of corresponding cells within the animal. In T, P and N cells trains of impulses were followed by a pronounced after-hyperpolarization, as in the animal.3. In certain cells, notably the L motoneurones, membrane properties became altered in culture. The current voltage relation showed novel rectification and action potentials became much larger.4. Numerous neurites often extended for hundreds of micrometres from isolated neurones and ended in typical growth cones. Electron micrographs revealed that many fine axons were braided together to form thicker fascicles. Frequently, the processes were orientated between two neighbouring cells rather than at random. The fine structure of the cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles in cultured cells resembled those of their counterparts in situ. The glial cell that normally surrounds the neurones was, however, absent.5. Pairs of Retzius cells in culture usually became coupled electrically after about 6 days. Similarly L motoneurones became coupled in vitro. These junctions allowed current to pass in both directions and resembled those seen in the animal.6. Selective connexions were made by certain types of cells. Thus, P sensory neurones did not become coupled with Retzius cells but did develop electrical connexions with L motoneurones, as in the animal.7. Novel synaptic interactions not obvious in the animal could appear in culture. Retzius and L cells became electrically coupled and, in some instances where electrical coupling between Retzius cells failed to develop, chemically mediated inhibitory potentials became apparent.8. Isolated, identified leech neurones not only survive but regenerate processes and are capable of forming selective connexions in culture. The ability to define interactions between isolated pairs of cells offers the opportunity to explore in detail problems relating to synapse formation and cell-cell recognition. PMID- 7320866 TI - The neuromuscular junction of the mouse after black widow spider venom. AB - 1. A sublethal quantity of black widow spider venom was injected into the calf muscles of mice. After 30 min to 6 weeks soleus muscles were examined by light and electron microscopy and by electrophysiological techniques. 2. Within 30 min motor nerve terminals were swollen and depleted for synaptic vesicles and by 6 h were disrupted and engulfed by Schwann cells. By 24 h every end-plate examined was denervated. Some preterminal myelinated axons also showed degenerative changes. 3. Re-innervation was first seen at 2 days. By 3 days axon terminals were present at most end-plates and by 8 days their morphology was nearly normal. The normal pattern of innervation of the muscle was re-established in that axons re-innervated their original end-plates and very few ultraterminal axonal sprouts were found. 4. Physiological study showed complete failure of transmission and absence of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) and end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) until day 3, when muscles responded weakly to indirect stimulation and m.e.p.p.s were recorded at 30% and e.p.p.s at 40% of fibres. The mean quantal content of e.p.p.s was low and there was rapid fatigue on repetitive stimulation. Extrajunctional sensitivity to acetylcholine developed within 1 day, was maximal at 3 days and declined to normal at 12-14 days. 5. The proportion of fibres at which m.e.p.p.s and e.p.p.s were recorded returned to normal by day 6 and mean quantal content was normal by day 9. 6. These findings show that the re innervation of original end-plates is of importance in facilitating the rapid return of transmission to normal levels and limiting the extent of axonal growth. PMID- 7320867 TI - The ionic mechanism of intracellular pH regulation in crayfish neurones. AB - 1. Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in crayfish neurones was studied using pH-, Na+-, and Cl- sensitive micro-electrodes. Neuronal pH regulation has previously been studied only in molluscs. 2. The average resting pHi of crayfish neurones was 7.12 +/- 0.09, which is 1 pH unit more alkaline than that predicted were H+ ions distributed in equilibrium with the membrane potential. 3. When the cytoplasm was acidified (by NH4Cl loading, CO2 application, or HCl injection), pHi recovered towards its resting value. 4. Removal of Na+ from the external solution inhibited pHi recovery from an acid load by more than 90%. pHi recovery resumed immediately when external Na+ was reintroduced. 5. The resting intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) of crayfish neurones was 15-25 mM. During pHi recovery from an acid load, [Na+]i increased by 10-50 mM. 6. Reducing the external HCO3(-) concentration from 5 mM to 0 mM slowed pHi recovery by an average of about 45%. This slowing was appreciable even in cells in which Na+ removal almost totally blocked pHi recovery. 7. The resting intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was 30-40 mM, indicating that these cells actively accumulate Cl-. During pHi recovery from an acid load, [Cl-]i decreased by 3-5 mM. 8. In the presence of the anion exchange inhibitor SITS (4-acetamide-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid), pHi recovery was slowed to the rate which was normally seen in HCO3(-)-free Ringer solution. SITS abolished the dependence of pHi recovery on the external HCO3(-) concentration. 9. It is concluded that pHi regulation in crayfish neurones involves two separate mechanisms: a Na+-dependent, HCO3(-)-independent acid extrusion process, and a Cl --HCO3(-) exchange which is probably also Na+-dependent. PMID- 7320868 TI - Initiation of the migrating myoelectric complex in dogs. AB - 1. Contractile and spike activity in the conscious dog were recorded from strain gauge force transducers and electrodes chronically implanted on the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. The pattern of activity was related to the time elapsed after feeding a daily meal, both in intact dogs and in dogs with antro-jejunal or oesophago-duodenal anastomoses. 2. From 8 to 10 h after feeding, transient reductions of the continuous antral spiking activity were recorded while phases of regular spiking activity (RSA) and contractions developed on the proximal intestine. 3. About 18 h after feeding, the post-prandial antral activity became intermittent, each period of contractions being accompanied by the duodenal development of a RSA phase. 4. The RSA phases were still initiated on the duodenum after an antro-jejunal anastomosis and after gastrectomy. 5. It is concluded that phases of RSA of the migrating myoelectric complex are initiated in the proximal part of the small intestine rather than in the stomach. It is suggested that the RSA phase exerts an inhibitory effect on the antrum which may serve to reduce the flow of digesta through the pylorus when the ability of the duodenum to receive chyme is restricted. PMID- 7320869 TI - Gastric pH changes associated with duodenal motility in fasted dogs. AB - 1. The electrical activity of the antrum and duodenum was recorded from chronically implanted electrodes in six conscious dogs fitted with gastric and/or duodenal cannulae. Antral and duodenal pH were concomitantly registered using glass electrodes inserted through the respective cannula. 2. In dogs fasted for 18-24 h an alkalinization of the antrum of about 5 pH units lasting 15-30 min occurred regularly at 90-120 min intervals at the cessation of a period of antral spiking activity. This antral alkaline period was accompanied by the reflex of intestinal juice into the stomach, as determined by the presence of bile salts in gastric samples. 3. The antral pH rise was related to the development of a phase of regular spiking activity (RSA), or activity front, on the proximal duodenum concomitant with the motor quiescence of the antrum. The rise in pH disappeared after occlusion of the pylorus, which prevented the passage of duodenal contents into the antrum. 4. It is concluded that the mean antral pH value is 5.8 for half the recording time in fasted dogs, the causative factor of this alkalinization being the regurgitation of duodenal contents into the antrum while quiescent. Accordingly, more alkaline duodenal contents were observed during the occurrence of the RSA phase and the following gastro-duodenal quiescence; then the progressive acidification of the gastric and duodenal contents when the motility reappeared may be an inducing factor of a new RSA phase. PMID- 7320870 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of inhibitory synaptic mechanisms in the preoptic area of the rat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made from single neurones in the medial preoptic anterior hypothalamus of rats anaesthetized with urethane or pentobarbitone 2. Stimulation of the arcuate--ventromedial area evoked inhibition in 76% of neurones; inhibition occurred as the initial response in 26% of neurones, followed orthodromic excitation in 26% and antidromic excitation in 24%. Stimulation of the periaqueductal grey evoked inhibition as the initial response in 63% of neurones. 3. Stimulation of both the arcuate--ventromedial area and the periaqueductal grey generated synaptically evoked high-frequency discharges in a few neurones. 4. Short ionophoretic pulses of beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine and taurine inhibited the discharge of most preoptic anterior hypothalamic neurones. Bicuculline methochloride and picrotoxin antagonized both GABA responses and synaptic inhibition. Strychnine antagonized beta-alanine, glycine and taurine responses without altering synaptic inhibition. 5. Reduction of hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) levels to about 40% of control values by micro-injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the ventral tegmental area, or parenteral injection of parachlorophenylalanine, did not alter the profile of responses evoked by either arcuate-ventromedial or periaqueductal grey stimulation. Micro-injection of tetanus toxin (100-200 MLD) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus significantly reduced the frequency of occurrence of inhibition evoked from both sites. 6. Pentobarbitone administered acutely or as the sole anaesthetic increased both the duration and frequency of occurrence of inhibitory responses evoked from the arcuate-ventromedial nuclei. 7. It is suggested that a GABA-linked inhibitory synaptic mechanism, activated by arcuate ventromedial and periaqueductal grey stimulation, operates in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus. Such convergent inhibition may be a result of activity in local interneurone circuitry. PMID- 7320871 TI - The effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on potassium permeability in the smooth muscle cell membrane of canine trachea. AB - 1. The effect of tetraethylammonium ions (TEA) on potassium or rubidium permeability was studied in canine tracheal smooth muscle. 2. TEA (15-30 mM) markedly increased the rate of 42K- and 86Rb-efflux in normal Krebs solution. This increase is probably due mainly to the occurrence of electrical activity such as spike potentials and only partially to depolarization. 3. The rate coefficients of 42K- and 86Rb-efflux from depolarized tracheal smooth muscle bathed in a medium with elevated potassium (50-100 mM) were so large that the coefficients did not remain constant. When chloride ions in the medium were replaced with larger anions such as acetate, propionate or benzoate, the rate of 86Rb-efflux remained constant even in high-potassium solution (70 mM). 4. TEA caused a remarkable blockade of 86Rb-efflux in depolarized tracheal smooth muscle. The maximum decrease in the rate coefficient by TEA was approximately 52.5% of the control value in high-potassium-acetate solution. The dissociation constant for the interaction between TEA and its sites of action on the cell membrane was about 0.93 mM. 5. Spontaneous activity was, however, elicited only when TEA was added at a concentration of 10-30 mM and the membrane was depolarized more than 15-20 mV. It is assumed that TEA blocks not only the voltage-sensitive potassium conductance but also the conductance in the resting state, and that the latter may be possibly less sensitive to TEA. PMID- 7320872 TI - Role of the intima in cholinergic and purinergic relaxation of isolated canine femoral arteries. AB - 1. Experiments were designed to determine the role of the endothelium in relaxations of isolated blood vessels caused by ACh, adenine nucleotides and K+ ions. 2. Paired rings of canine femoral arteries were mounted for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with aerated Krebs-Ringer solution (37 degrees C). One ring served as control; in the other ring the intimal layer was removed mechanically. 3. Removal of the endothelium only slightly depressed the maximal contractile response to noradrenaline, and did not affect the apparent sensitivity to the catecholamine. It depressed the contractile response to 25-60 mM-K+ more than that to noradrenaline. 4. In the absence of endothelium, the femoral arteries did not relax on exposure to ACh. 5. Removal of the endothelium did not affect relaxations caused by adenosine and AMP, but markedly reduced those caused by ADP and ATP. 6. The relaxations induced by 5.9 mM-K+ were comparable in control rings and arteries denuded of their endothelium. 7. These experiments demonstrate that in the canine femoral artery, relaxations induced by ACh, ADP and ATP require the presence of functional endothelial cells, which, when exposed to these substances, initiate an inhibitory signal for the smooth muscle cells of the media. By contrast, relaxations of isolated arteries caused by adenosine, AMP and K+ ions must be due mainly to a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7320873 TI - Atropine-resistant depolarization in the guinea-pig small intestine. AB - 1. Junction potentials were recorded from the circular muscle cells of the guinea pig ileum following transmural stimulation in the presence of atropine at 30 degrees C.2. Single stimuli produced a transient hyperpolarization, the inhibitory junction potential (i.j.p.). At high stimulus strengths the i.j.p. was followed by a post-stimulus depolarization (PSD).3. During repetitive stimulation the magnitude of the hyperpolarization decreased; however, at the end of the stimulus period the PSD was enhanced and often reached threshold for the generation of action potentials. Thus, the size of the PSD was not directly related to the degree of the preceding hyperpolarization.4. Hyperpolarization of the circular muscle cells was produced by the application of anodal current using large external electrodes. Rapid cessation of the applied current produced a transient after-depolarization which was shorter in time course than the PSD following the i.j.p. If the applied anodal current was reduced slowly (at a rate which mimicked the decrease in the hyperpolarization during repetitive nerve stimulation) no after-depolarization was observed.5. Conditioning hyperpolarization of the circular muscle cells reduced the amplitude of the i.j.p. The i.j.p. was reversed at membrane potentials greater than approximately 90 mV.6. The PSD did not appear to be due to the extracellular accumulation of potassium ions following the i.j.p. since the PSD persisted even when the i.j.p. was reversed.7. The neurotoxin apamin reversibly abolished the i.j.p. and unmasked a transient excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) with a variable latency (350-900 ms). PMID- 7320874 TI - Water reabsorption capacity of the proximal convoluted tubule: a microperfusion study on rat kidney. AB - 1. The differences in the water reabsorption capacity observed from one proximal tubule to another were investigated in vivo by continuous microperfusion. 2. Two to seven loops were punctured along the same tubule. The [3H]inulin, 22Na, [14C]glucose, sodium, chloride and magnesium concentrations as well as the osmolality of the collected samples were studied as a function of the perfused length. 3. With Ringer bicarbonate solution perfused in Saclay Wistar rats, the water reabsorption capacity ranged from 0 to 3 nl . min-1 . mm-1 depending on the tubule. This reabsorption rate was closely correlated with the unidirectional reabsorption flux of sodium, and with the rise in tubular chloride and magnesium concentrations. 4. In Munich Wistar rats with glomeruli accessible at the kidney surface, tubule perfusion with a Ringer bicarbonate solution showed that the highest water reabsorption rates per mm of tubule were found for the perfusion sites closest to the glomerulus; water fluxes were also positively correlated with glucose transport. 5. In a second series of experiments on Saclay rats, perfusion of a Ringer solution containing a high chloride concentration (137 m equiv/l.) was unable to increase the water reabsorption rate compared to the control perfusion; here again, water fluxes were positively correlated with glucose transport. PMID- 7320875 TI - Patterns of recurrent excitation and mutual inhibition of cat Renshaw cells. AB - 1. Patterns of convergent excitation and mutual inhibition of Renshaw cells to antidromic volleys in motor axons were investigated in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. 2. There were widely varying patterns of excitatory convergence onto individual Renshaw cells, but grouping the cells into different populations revealed the underlying positive and negative correlations between inputs from different motor nerves. 3. The greatest excitatory convergence was seen between axons supplying functionally synergistic muscles. 4. Mutual inhibition between Renshaw cell populations was most evident between antagonist motoneurones and so was inversely related to the excitatory inputs. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the control of recurrent inhibitory phenomena mediated by renshaw cells. PMID- 7320876 TI - Spinal cord collaterals from axons of type II slowly adapting units in the cat. AB - 1. The morphology of single axons, and their collaterals, of Type II slowly adapting mechanoreceptors situated at the claw bases was studied. Intra-axonal injections of horseradish peroxidase were made into the axons near their entrance to the lumbosacral spinal cord of anaesthetized cats. The morphology was revealed by subsequent histochemistry. 2. Nine Type II axons were stained. All but one bifurcated into ascending and descending branches upon entering the cord. Eighty nine collaterals arose from the axons at a mean spacing of about 570 micrometers. 3. The collaterals formed plate-like arborizations usually about 500-600 micrometers wide in the transverse plane but only 100-300 micrometers thick in the longitudinal axis of the cord. The terminal arborizations were in laminae III VI. 4. Synaptic boutons in laminae III and IV were more numerous than in laminae V and VI. Boutons en passant were common in laminae III and IV and arranged in series of three to six, whereas in deeper laminae only two or three boutons formed a series de passage. 5. The morphology of the slowly adapting Type II collateral is discussed. 6. Some general principles of the organization of cutaneous afferent fibres in the lumbosacral cord are presented. PMID- 7320877 TI - Reliability and efficacy of the long-latency stretch reflex in the human thumb. AB - 1. The amount of positional compensation afforded by the long-latency reflex in the flexor pollicis longus has been investigated in ten normal human subjects. 2. The interphalangeal joint of the thumb was extended by between 2 and 40 degrees at up to 900 deg/s by suddenly increasing the standing force applied to the lever against which the subject was pressing with the pad of the thumb. 3. Electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses at spinal-latency were very small or absent for stretches of this magnitude. The long-latency stretch reflex produced an average positional correction of about 50% for disturbances in the range of 5-25 degrees. The response began to saturate for disturbances of greater than 25 degrees. 4. The e.m.g. response was pulsatile, lasting only some 50 ms, even during continuously increasing disturbances; frequently it terminated despite a remaining positional error. 5. There was a large variation from subject to subject in the average amount of positional correction provided by the stretch reflex. Examination of single responses to the same stretch in individual subjects showed an even greater variation from trial to trial. 6. Variation in the compensation produced by the long-latency stretch reflex from trial to trial could not be explained by the slight variation in size or maximum velocity of the individual stretches. PMID- 7320878 TI - Sugar transport in giant axons of Loligo. AB - 1. The transport of glucose and a number of other sugars has been investigated in the giant axons of Loligo forbesi. 2. Glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are phosphorylated by squid axons, alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside and 3-O methylglucose are not metabolized. All four sugars can diffuse freely in axoplasm. 3. Sugar uptake in squid axons is a passive, saturable process. The maximum rate of sugar uptake increases in the order 3-O-methylglucose less than 2 deoxy-D-glucose less than D-glucose. Competition between these sugars suggests a common uptake mechanism. 4. The uptake of D-glucose but not 3-O-methylglucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose is reduced when the external Na concentration is lowered. 5. Glucose uptake is sensitive to temperature with a Q10 for saturated uptake of 1.9 between 14.5 and 5 degrees C. Uptake is unaffected by external pH in the range 5 10 but is reduced by cyanide (2 mM). 6. Glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and metabolism are increased by electrical stimulation. These effects are prevented by ouabain. The uptake of 3-O-methylglucose is unaffected by stimulation. 7. The maximum rate of 3-O-methylglucose efflux is higher than the maximum rate of uptake of the sugar suggesting that transport of this sugar is asymmetric. 8. 3-O methylglucose efflux is reduced by external sugars with order of potency 3-O methylglucose greater than 2-deoxy-D-glucose greater than D-glucose. These effects persist when the internal 3-O-methylglucose concentration is as high as 50 mM. 9. 3-O-methylglucose efflux is inhibited reversibly by cytochalasin B and phloridzin but irreversibly by phloretin. Efflux is reduced reversibly by cyanide (2 mM). 10. 3-O-methylglucose efflux is sensitive to temperature with a Q10 of 3.2 over the range 10-20 degrees C. Efflux is unaffected by external pH in the range 6-9 but is reduced reversibly by internal acidification. PMID- 7320879 TI - 3-O-methylglucose transport in internally dialysed giant axons of Loligo. AB - 1. The transport of the non-metabolized sugar, 3-O-methylglucose, has been studied in the squid axon under conditions where the intracellular environment of the axon is controlled by internal dialysis. 2. Sugar transport is passive, shows saturation kinetics and is asymmetric. At 15 degrees C, the Michaelis and velocity constants for exit are approximately four times those for uptake. The asymmetry of transport is increased by raising the temperature. 3. Sugar uptake is not affected by intracellular sugar levels as high as 100 mM. Sugar exit is, however, reduced by external sugars although the apparent Km for exit is unaffected. 4. The kinetics of sugar exit under exchange conditions are determined by the kinetics of sugar uptake. These results can be accounted for by the asymmetric mobile-carrier and simultaneous-carrier models for transport. 5. Both sugar uptake and exit are reduced in the absence of ATPi. Kinetic analysis of transport under these conditions show that the capacity of the system to transport sugar is unchanged but that the affinity of the system for sugar is reduced. Internal cyclic AMP, AMP, ADP or GTP (2 mM) do not mimic this action of ATP. The hydrolysable analogue of ATP, alpha, beta-methylene-5-ATP (2 mM), (but not the nonhydrolysable analogue beta, gamma-methylene-5-ATP, 2 mM) has an ATP like action on sugar transport. 6. Transport is unaffected by internal Ca2+ concentrations in the range 4 X 10(-8)--9 X 10(-7) M. PMID- 7320880 TI - Intracellular sodium ion activity and sodium transport in rabbit urinary bladder. AB - 1. Intracellular potentials and the intracellular activities of Na+ and K+ were examined using conventional and ion-selective micro-electrodes. 2. In animals on a normal diet, the intracellular Na+ activity was 8.6 +/- 2.9 mM (mean +/- S.D.) with a mean short-circuit current of 2.8 +/- 0.9 microA/cm2. 3. In animals on a low-Na+ diet, the intracellular Na+ activity was 18.5 +/- 9.9 mM with a short circuit current of 4.5 +/- 1.3 microA/cm2 (mean +/- S.D.). 4. There was a correlation between short-circuit current and intracellular Na+ activity which could be fitted by a saturating hyperbolic relationship. 5. Treatment of the issue with ouabain and amiloride produced an increase and a decrease, respectively, in the intracellular Na+ activity. 6. Treatment with aldosterone produced a large increase in short-circuit current with a substantial increase in intracellular Na+ activity. 7. Intracellular Na+ activity does not seem to affect apical membrane permeability directly. PMID- 7320881 TI - The fatigue and voluntary discharge properties of single motor units in man. AB - 1. The discharge properties of single motor units during prolonged maximal voluntary effort have been studied using electromyographic recordings, mainly in the short big toe extensor muscle but also in the anterior tibial muscle.2. The required selectivity of the e.m.g. recordings was achieved in the short big toe extensor muscle after previous mechanical lesions to the terminal nerve twigs and muscle fibres and consequent collateral sprouting, and in the anterior tibial muscle with the use of a high impedance wire electrode.3. During the first few hundred milliseconds of sustained maximal effort the motor units fired at rates ranging from about 30-60 Hz, and the tension was the same as that obtained on electrical tetanization of the nerve to the toe extensor muscles above 50 Hz.4. During prolonged maximal effort the firing rates and the proportion of motor units firing successively decreased. Motor units initially firing at 30 Hz continued to fire tonically but at 15-20 Hz. Motor units initially firing at 60 Hz ceased to fire tonically but could still be made to discharge phasically. The period of time during which all motor units responded tonically could be increased from some seconds up to 20 sec by long-term training.5. Motor units with a limited endurance fired at a lower tension in the early than in the late stages of maintained contraction.6. It is suggested that motoneurones innervating slow twitch muscle fibres respond continuously to prolonged voluntary drive at rates sufficient for full fusion but that the threshold of motoneurones innervating fast twitch muscle fibres increases so that they finally mainly fire phasically thus protecting the peripheral excitation and contractile mechanisms from excessive exhaustion. PMID- 7320883 TI - The effect of the red cell membrane and a diffusion boundary layer on the rate of oxygen uptake by human erythrocytes. AB - 1. This paper deals with the contributions of the red cell membrane and an external diffusion boundary layer (;unstirred layer') to the resistance to O(2) entry into the red cell. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was added to the extracellular fluid to enhance the effect of the diffusion boundary layer by diminishing both the solubility and the diffusivity of O(2). The rate of O(2) uptake by human red cells at various extracellular BSA concentrations was determined with a stopped-flow rapid-reaction apparatus.2. The initial rate of O(2) uptake by the red cells was directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient of O(2) in the extracellular fluid.3. If the diffusion boundary layer and the plasma membrane are considered as resistors in series, we estimate that 82-100% of the total resistance to O(2) entering the cell is due to the diffusion boundary layer. Our best estimate is that 95% of the resistance resides in the diffusion boundary layer.4. Our best estimate of the O(2) permeability of the red cell membrane is 3.15 x 10(-6) m-mole/(cm(2) sec mmHg). With this permeability the membrane would account for only 5% of the total resistance to O(2) entering the cell. Partly because the membrane O(2) diffusion resistance is a small fraction of the total resistance our estimate of the membrane resistance has a large standard deviation. Taking our estimate of the membrane resistance plus and minus its standard deviation we find that the membrane may account for 0-18% of the total resistance to O(2) entering the cell.5. The effective thickness of the diffusion boundary layer immediately after mixing is about 1.93 mum according to our analysis. PMID- 7320882 TI - Sodium efflux in rabbit myocardium: relationship to sodium-calcium exchange. AB - 1. The washout of (22)Na, (45)Ca and (58)CoEDTA(-) has been observed in arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septa both in the presence and absence of intoxicating doses of the aglycone, 3 acetylstrophanthidin (ACS).2. The washout of (22)Na from paced septa (21.0/min) was rapid with approximately 99% of the exchange occurring in 30 min.3. Septa labelled with (22)Na and washed out in the presence of 10(-5)m-ACS were quiescent, exhibited marked contracture and a slowed (22)Na exchange with 99% of the initial (22)Na leaving the tissue in approximately 200 min.4. Comparison of the washout of the extracellular marker (58)CoEDTA(-) from paced and intoxicated septa revealed no differences, suggesting that regions of the extracellular space had not become inexchangeable as a result of the contracture that these septa exhibited.5. Simultaneous measurements of the distribution of (22)Na and (58)CoEDTA(-) in the presence of 10(-5)m-ACS revealed an apparent cellular Na concentration of 54.8+/-10.4 (s.e.). This was considerably in excess of the maximum amount of Na contributing to the slowest component of Na efflux from intoxicated septa. Origins of this discrepancy are considered.6. The slowest component of (22)Na efflux from intoxicated septa could be markedly stimulated by increasing the external Ca concentration from a nominal 1.5 to 16 mm. The magnitude of stimulation was 44.3+/-7.8% (s.e.). Increases in the concentration of Mg from 1.0 to 16.0 mm were without effect on the (22)Na efflux.7. Application of 10(-5)m-ACS produced marked depolarization of the membrane to new stable levels that lay between -10 and -20 mV.8. Washout of ACS after several hours of intoxication resulted in a partial decline in contracture tension, an acceleration of Ca efflux, little change in (22)Na efflux and a repolarization of the cell membrane.9. Some of the Na and Ca movements reported in this paper have been interpreted by supposing that there is, in this preparation, a coupled exchange of three Na ions for a single Ca ion. PMID- 7320884 TI - Amplitude- and instruction-dependent modulation of movement-related electromyogram activity in humans. AB - 1. Studies were made of the electromyogram (EMG) patterns associated with the performance of visually guided, step-tracking arm movements by normal humans. Subjects were instructed to make movement either 'accurately', 'as fast as possible' or 'fast and accurately'. Movements of 16, 32, 48 and 64 deg of arc were made with each instruction. Movements had durations of approximately 250-600 msec. 2. A 'triphasic' pattern of EMG activity was associated with all movements in this study. All bursts in this pattern were more clearly defined in faster movements whether the increased speed of movement was a result of increased movement amplitude or of the instruction-related 'intent' of the subject. 3. The magnitudes of the two agonist EMG bursts showed identical linear dependencies on movement amplitude. The slope of this relation was instruction-dependent, being greatest for 'fast' and least for 'accurate' movements. 4. The duration and time of onset of the initial agonist burst relative to the start of the movement were not dependent on movement amplitude or on instruction. In contrast, the time of onset of the second agonist burst depended on both movement amplitude and instruction, occurring earlier when movements were made faster. 5. The magnitude of the antagonist activity was instruction- but not amplitude-dependent. Duration and onset of this burst varied with both instruction and movement amplitude. PMID- 7320885 TI - The effect of vasopressin on renal tubular 22Na efflux in the rat. AB - 1. Paired tracer microinjections of [3H]inulin and 22Na were performed at late proximal and early distal puncture sites in water diuresis and during vasopressin induced antidiuresis in anaesthetized rats. Vasopressin caused a sixfold increase in Na and a fourfold increase in K excretion without significant changes in renal haemodynamics. 2. 22Na-recovery from late proximal injections increased nearly fivefold (from 0.98+/- 0.16 to 4.76 +/- 0.66%, P less than 0.001). A significant correlation could be detected between changes in sodium excretion and changes in late proximal 22Na recovery. Vasopressin had no significant effect on 22Na recovery from early distal injections. 3. These results suggest that vasopressin inhibits active salt reabsorption within the loop of Henle. PMID- 7320886 TI - Post-natal reduction of neural unit size in the rabbit ciliary ganglion. AB - We have studied the innervation of adult and neonatal ciliary ganglia in the rabbit to determine the average number of ganglion cells innervated by each preganglionic neurone at different stages of development. 1. The adult ciliary ganglion comprises about 380 ganglion cells which are innervated by about forty preganglionic neurones. 2. Ciliary ganglion cells in adult rabbits are on average innervated by 2.2 different axons; in contrast, neonatal ganglion cells are on average innervated by 4.6 different axons. The transition to the adult pattern of innervation occurs gradually during the first few post-natal weeks. 3. The numbers of ganglion cells and preganglionic neurones do not change appreciably after birth. Accordingly, the loss of some innervation to individual neurones during post-natal development indicates that each preganglionic axon innervates progressively fewer ciliary ganglion cells. 4. The number of synaptic boutons found in ganglia at birth, however, is less than the number of synaptic boutons found in adult ganglia. 5. We conclude that synaptic connexions in this ganglion age gradually rearranged in early post-natal life such that each preganglionic neurone focuses an increasing number of synaptic contacts on a progressively smaller subset of the ganglion cell population. PMID- 7320887 TI - How the contrast gain control modifies the frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. A model is proposed for the effect of contrast on the first-order frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells. The model consists of several cascaded low pass filters ('leaky integrators') followed by a single stage of negative feed-back. 2. Values of time constants and gain of the components in this model were chosen to approximate (with least-squared deviation) experimentally measured first-order frequency responses. In the experiments used for the analysis, the visual stimulus was a sine grating modulated by a sum of sinusoids. 3. For both X cells and Y cells, the over-all gain and the time constants of the cascade of low pass filters were insensitive to contrast. 4. In all cells, the gain-bandwidth product of the negative feed-back loop was markedly increased with increasing contrast. 5. The effect of stimulation in the periphery of the receptive fields on the first-order frequency response to a centrally placed spot was identical to the effect of increasing contrast in the grating experiments. In all cases, the gain-bandwidth product of the negative feed-back loop was the only model parameter affected by peripheral stimulation. 6. A similar effect of non-linear summation was investigated for two bars located in the receptive field periphery. 7. This analysis of the contrast gain control mechanism is compared with other models of retinal function. PMID- 7320888 TI - Potassium and caffeine contractures in fast and slow muscles of the chicken. AB - 1 K+ contractures, caffeine contractures and electrical properties were studied in slow (posterior latissimus dorsi; p.l.d.) and fast (anterior latissimus dorsi; a.l.d.) chicken muscles. 2. P.l.d. K+ contractures show a transient increase of tension that relaxes spontaneously. Contractures in a.l.d. show an initial component followed by a maintained tension. 3. A.l.d. K+ contractures of similar amplitude and time course were reproduced at 4 min intervals. In p.l.d., the interval needed for full recovery is about 30 min. In Cl-free saline p.l.d. and a.l.d. K+ contractures can be reproduced at 4 min intervals. 4. The time course of repolarization after a short exposure to 160 mM-KCl was much slower in p.l.d. than in a.l.d. In Cl-free saline the time course of repolarization becomes faster in p.l.d. 5. The membrane resistance was not modified in a.l.d. and was increased in p.l.d. by Cl-free saline. The calculated Cl- conductance in p.l.d. was about 70% of the total membrane conductance. 6. In a.l.d., Mn2+, D600 and external Ca2+ reduction greatly diminishes the maintained phase of the K+ contracture leaving the initial phase almost unmodified. Under similar conditions p.l.d. K+ contractures were slightly reduced. 7. P.l.d. caffeine contractures (10-40 mM) were not maintained and they were not modified by Ca-free saline, Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and D600. 8. A.l.d. caffeine contractures (2-15 mM) were maintained and were highly dependent on external Ca2+. In addition they were greatly reduced by Cd2+, Co2+, Mn2 and D600. 9. It is suggested that caffeine contractures of a.l.d. are elicited by a Ca2+ entry into the muscle from the external fluid. PMID- 7320889 TI - Prolonged depolarization elicited in Purkinje cell dendrites by climbing fibre impulses in the cat. AB - 1. Responses evoked in Purkinje cell dendrites by impulses in climbing fibres were studied by recording from the cat cerebellar cortex. Intra- and extracellular responses from dendrites of single Purkinje cells were recorded, as well as field responses from the intact cerebellar surface. The intracellular responses were presumably recorded from relatively proximal dendrites. The resting potential usually was 20-40 mV. The responses consisted of an initial spike-like component (amplitude 10-30 mV) followed by a plateau-like component (amplitude 2-12 mV) with a duration of about 100 ms. The duration of consecutive responses varied little. 3. The extracellular unitary responses were recorded from more distal dendrites. These responses were negative deflexions consisting of an initial component followed by a plateau-like component (amplitude 5-15 mV). The duration of consecutive responses varied widely from about 25 ms to more than 1 s. The negative deflexions are assumed to correspond to dendritic depolarizations. 4. The field responses recorded from the cerebellar surface consisted of a positivity followed by a negativity lasting several hundred milliseconds. The positivity signals the e.p.s.p.s generated by the climbing fibre synapses which do not extend to the most distal dendrites. The negativity presumably signals the plateau-like dendritic depolarizations which would involve also the most distal dendrites. 5. The nature and significance of the plateau like depolarizations evoked by climbing fibre impulses in the purkinje cell dendrites are discussed. PMID- 7320890 TI - Effects of cutaneous nerve and intraspinal conditioning of C-fibre afferent terminal excitability in decerebrate spinal rats. AB - 1. Changes in the threshold for antidromic activation of C-fibre afferent terminals in the lumbar spinal cord of the decerebrate-spinalized rat have been examined. 2. The antidromic compound action potential elicited by stimulation in the dorsal horn was recorded in a sectioned dorsal root. 3. The antidromic C wave had conduction velocities and strength-duration properties similar to that described for other unmyelinated fibres. 4. The optimal position of the stimulating electrode within the spinal cord for eliciting the antidromic C wave was found to correlate with the site of entry and termination of C-afferent fibres. 5. Local stimulation within the dorsal grey of the spinal cord was shown to produce prolonged increased excitability of the C-afferent terminals in that segment. This effect was restricted to the terminals and could not be demonstrated in the stem axons of the C fibres. 6. Cutaneous afferent conditioning volleys from the sural nerve produced marked increases in the excitability of the C-afferent terminals. This effect was present at A-fibre strength sural stimulation, with no significant alteration when C-fibre strength stimulation was used. The alteration in the threshold for antidromic stimulation produced by the sural conditioning stimuli only occurred at the C-afferent terminals and not at their axons. 7. The results are discussed in terms of presynaptic inhibition of C-fibre input at a segmental level. PMID- 7320891 TI - Electrogenic responses induced by neutral amino acids in endoderm cells from Xenopus embryo. AB - 1. Membrane potential measurements were carried out on endoderm cells from early Xenopus embryos in order to study neutral amino acid transport in non-excitable cells. 2. The electrical properties of the cell membrane were studied under normal conditions, then in the presence of various Na/K-pump inhibitors and at different Na, K and Cl concentrations in Ringer solution. Blockade of the Na/K pump by ouabain, Li, cooling to 10 degrees C or low [Na]0 induces similar depolarizations of about 40 mV. 3. External application of various neutral L amino acids induces reversible membrane depolarizations. The D-isomeric forms are found to be ineffective. The amino acid induced depolarizations are not accompanied by changes in membrane resistance. They do not show voltage dependence for potential changes of less than 40 mV. 4. The amino acid depolarization increases with increasing concentration and follows first order Michaelian kinetics. Both the size and the time course of the amino acid depolarization depend on [Na]0. Increasing [Na]0 markedly increases the apparent affinity of the membrane receptor for amino acid. 5. Increasing [k]0 reduces the size of the amino acid response. Short exposures to either ouabain or Li do not alter the amino acid depolarization. However, p time course of the amino acid depolarization depend on [Na]0. Increasing [Na]0 markedly increases the apparent affinity of the membrane receptor for amino acid. 5. Increasing [k]0 reduces the size of the amino acid response. Short exposures to either ouabain or Li do not alter the amino acid depolarization. However, p time course of the amino acid depolarization depend on [Na]0. Increasing [Na]0 markedly increases the apparent affinity of the membrane receptor for amino acid. 5. Increasing [k]0 reduces the size of the amino acid response. Short exposures to either ouabain or Li do not alter the amino acid depolarization. However, prolonged exposure to pump inhibitors or marked alteration of the Na concentration gradient leads to a complete inhibition of amino acid responses. 6. The results are in good agreement with the notion that the amino acid induced responses reflect the activation of an electrogenic amino acid carrier, very likely co-transporting Na and amino acid. PMID- 7320892 TI - The effect of vasopressin on extracellular cation concentrations and muscle resting potentials in the rat. AB - 1. The Na+ and K+ concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal (c.s.f.), resting potentials in skeletal muscle fibres, cardiac beat to beat intervals and 90% repolarization times were measured in Long Evans rats (parent strain controls) and in Brattleboro rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI). 2. Cation concentration measurements confirmed previous observations that Brattleboro DI rats are mildly hypokalaemic compared with rats of the parent Long Evans strain, and indicated that the c.s.f. [Na+] is significantly raised in the former group of animals while the [K+] in the c.s.f. samples is similar in the two groups. 3. The mean resting potential of deep skeletal muscle fibres in Brattleboro DI rats was significantly more negative than the corresponding value in the Long Evans rats, and this finding was in close agreement with the difference observed for the calculated K+ equilibrium potentials in the two groups of animals. 4. The beat to beat intervals and the 90% repolarization times of cardiac action potentials were also determined in Brattleboro DI and Long Evans rats, and the mean values for both variables were significantly shorter in the former group of animals. 5. The administration of Pitressin by subcutaneous injection (500-100 mu./24 hr) to Brattleboro rats abolished the hypokalaemia and the hyperpolarization of skeletal muscle fibre membranes but had no significant effect on c.s.f. cation concentrations. 6. The present findings suggest that the absence of vasopressin in the Brattleboro DI rats results in a hyperpolarization of muscle cell membranes, and in changes in the cardiac action potential. These effects may be partly related to the mild hypokalaemia present in these animals. PMID- 7320893 TI - Secretin release from the isolated, vascularly perfused pig duodenum. AB - 1. A method for the isolation and vascular perfusion of the porcine pancreas and duodenum was developed. 2. The oxygen consumption of the whole preparation was similar to that of the pancreas alone, and since the duodenal arteriovenous oxygen deficit was similar to that of the total preparation, it was concluded that the duodenum respired adequately. 3. The duodenum rapidly absorbed luminally administered radioactive glucose, and this absorption was strongly inhibited by ouabain and phloridzin. 4. The duodenum secreted secretin rapidly in response to hydrochloric acid, but did not respond to any other luminal stimuli, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and bile. Neither was secretin release stimulated by intra-arterially injected acetylcholine. 5. By gel permeation chromatography the release immunoreactive secretin behaved identically to pure natural secretin, indicating that the tissue form and the circulating form have identical molecular size. 6. It is concluded that this model offers an unique opportunity to study the endocrine secretion of the duodenum. PMID- 7320894 TI - Spatial consequences of bleaching adaptation in cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of localized bleaching on the centre responses of rod-driven cat retinal ganglion cells. 2. Stimulation as far as 2 degrees from the bleaching site yielded responses which were reduced nearly as much as those generated at the bleaching site. Bleaching in the receptive field middle reduced responsiveness at a site 1 degrees peripheral more than bleaching at that peripheral site itself. 3. The effectiveness of a bleach in reducing centre responsiveness is related to the sensitivity of the region in which the bleach is applied. 4. Response reduction after a 0.2 degree bleach followed the same temporal pattern for concentric test spots of from 0.2 to 1.8 degrees in diameter, implying a substantially uniform spread of adaptation within these bounds. 5. A linear trade-off between fraction of rhodopsin and area bleached over a range of 8:1 yields the same pattern of response reduction, implying that the non-linear nature of bleaching adaptation is a property of the adaptation pool rather than independent photoreceptors. PMID- 7320895 TI - Role of degenerating axon pathways in regeneration of mouse soleus motor axons. AB - 1. The recovery of tension in mouse soleus was assayed 1-5 days after crushing the extramuscular nerve in muscles which had been previously either denervated by nerve crush, partly denervated by spinal nerve root section, or paralysed by I.M. injection of botulinum toxin. Recovery of tension following nerve crush in contralateral control muscles from the same mice was also measured. The muscles were then stained with zinc iodide-osmium and examined in the light microscope. 2. Recovery in control muscles began at about 50 hr after crush and was nearly complete by 5 days. Recovery began at about 50 hr after crush and was nearly complete by 5 days. Recovery began about 10 hr earlier and was more rapid in muscles denervated by crushing the muscle nerve 4 days before recrushing at the same site. 3. Paralysis 12 days earlier by intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin did not enhance recovery after nerve crush. The axons remained following partial denervation 6 days before nerve crush also regenerated at a rate similar to controls. 4. It is concluded that (1) nerves regenerate more quickly down a pre-degenerated pathway, (2) chromatolysis does not significantly enhance reinnervation, and (3) each motor axon regenerating after a crush is constrained to follow its own denervated pathway back into the muscle. 5. Histology was consistent with these conclusions, and also showed that end-plates in control muscles reinnervated after short periods of denervation were normal in appearance and possessed little "escaped' nerve growth. This was in contrast to end-plates which had been regenerated in muscle after a preceding nerve crush, botulinum toxin paralysis or partial denervation. This suggests that growth from nerve terminals is controlled locally within a muscle. PMID- 7320896 TI - Cellular mechanisms of ion transport associated with osmotic gradients in rat small intestine. AB - 1. The electrical potential difference, short-circuit current, tissue conductance, and fluxes of sodium and chloride were measured in rat small intestine in an in vitro chamber preparation in the presence and absence of 100 mM-mannitol on either the mucosal or serosal surface. 2. Mucosal mannitol generally decreased potential difference, short-circuit current, and tissue conductance while serosal mannitol increased the electrical variables. 3. Mucosal mannitol decreased unidirectional movement of sodium and chloride but did not change the net transport of these ions. The change in short-circuit current was therefore ascribed to changes in fluxes of ions other than sodium and chloride. 4. Serosal mannitol increased the unidirectional fluxes of sodium, but not the new transport of this ion. The transport of chloride increased only in the serosal to mucosal direction yielding a net secretion of chloride equal to the change in short-circuit current. 5. The changes in potential difference and short circuit current caused by mucosal mannitol were dependent on the presence of sodium. The changes due to serosal mannitol were dependent on both sodium and chloride. 6. Changes in undirectional transport of ions, small non-electrolytes, and water due to an osmotic gradient were attributed to changes in the dimension of the lateral intercellular spaces observed in earlier studies. 7. No evidence suggesting that the electrical changes due to the mannitol gradients could be attributed to diffusive or convective flows of fluid, but instead the changes were ascribed to perturbations in the cellular transport mechanisms. PMID- 7320897 TI - Mechanism of action of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on myometrial smooth muscle of rabbit and guinea-pig. AB - 1. The action of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the electrical and mechanical activity of strips of longitudinal myometrial smooth muscle from rabbits and guinea-pigs treated with oestradiol was studied in the sucrose-gap apparatus. 2. In myometrial strips which spontaneously exhibited regular contractions, or which were induced to contract rhythmically to the application of oxytocin, VIP reduced both the frequency and the force of contraction. 3. Contractions were associated with bursts of action potential discharge. In guinea pig, the membrane potential reached its most negative value shortly following a burst and a slow decay of negativity followed ("generator potential'). VIP inhibited the decay of this negativity and increased the duration of the period between bursts. In rabbit myometrical strips, electrical discharges occurred less regularly but VIP also had an inhibitory action. The inhibitory action of VIP was not affected by the beta-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol, by tetrodotoxin, or by apamin. 4. Using the double sucrose-gap apparatus, bursts of action potentials and contractions were elicited with depolarizing electrical pulses in the absence of oxytocin. Changes in membrane resistance were also estimated by eliciting hyperpolarizing electrotronic potentials. VIP hyperpolarized the membrane and inhibited contractions as depolarizing pulses now failed to reach threshold for action potential discharge or fewer action potentials were discharged. A small (about 10%) reduction in membrane resistance was freqeuently observed during the hyperpolarization. 5. If a single action potential was elicited in the presence of VIP, the tension generated by the muscle was less than in its absence. 6. In a calcium-free high-potassium (126 mM) solution, readmitting calcium produced contraction; VIP inhibited this contraction. Activation of beta-receptors by means of isoprenaline had a similar effect but unlike isoprenaline the action of VIP was not blocked by propranolol. 7. It is suggested that the primary action of VIP is on the calcium economy of the myometrial smooth muscle cell, possibly to accelerate sequestration and/or extrusion of calcium from the cell. In some way this is associated with inhibition of the generator potential, hyperpolarization, and with a small increase in permeability of the membrane to potassium. PMID- 7320898 TI - The relationship between response amplitude and contrast for cat striate cortical neurones. AB - 1. The activity of forty-three neurones in the cat's striate cortex in response to laterally moving sinusoidal gratings of various contrasts was recorded, in order to examine the relationship between response amplitude and contrast. 2. Neurones seemed to exhibit contrast thresholds: stimuli of very low contrast failed to evoke a change in the response amplitude from the concurrent levels of spontaneous activity. 3. The suprathreshold portion of the response-contrast relation was found to be monotonic. Typically, the relation was adequately described as linear up to contrasts of about 0.3, above which, varying degrees of saturation were evident. 4. The response-contrast relation had a higher threshold and a shallower slope when the spatial frequency was not optimal for the neurone. 5. The slope, or gain, of the response-contrast relation for a stimulus of optimal orientation and spatial frequency varied considerably from neurone to neurone. The gains of special complex cells were significantly greater than those of either standard complex cells or simple cells. 6. The distributions of contrast threshold and contrast gain were examined for their dependence on optimal spatial frequency. Contrast threshold was significantly positively correlated with optimal spatial frequency, while contrast gain was significantly negatively correlated with optimal spatial frequency. This behaviour is consistent with an optical contribution to the measured response properties of striate cortical neurones. PMID- 7320899 TI - Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat to muscle contraction and electrical stimulation. AB - 1. Responses of Golgi tendon organs isolated from cat tail muscles to contraction of muscle fibers inserting directly into the receptor (GTO-muscle fibres) as well as to pulses of electrical current applied extracellularly through the sensory axon were studied. 2. Analysis of the responses to GTO-muscle fibre contraction indicated that the active force developed by each muscle fibre constituted an equally potent input to the receptor in proportion to the developed force. 3. The sensitivity of a Golgi tendon organ remained almost constant with changes in muscle length up to a length where maximum active tension was developed (lo). Beyond lo, the sensitivity tended to decrease. 4. The absolute force threshold (passive + active) at 1o for initiating an impulse in the afferent nerve was estimated for five preparations to be 4.5-14 mg. It was also demonstrated that the contraction of a single GTO-muscle fibre may initiate impulse discharge from the receptor. 5. A constant depolarizing current applied extracellularly to a GTO through its axon initiated a train of impulses, probably originating from a site near or within the receptor capsule. Analysis of responses to constant currents of various intensities suggested that a single impulse initiation site was involved. 6. During combined stimulation, responses of a tendon organ to GTO muscle fibre contraction simply added to the response initiated by a constant current pulse, suggesting that the impulse initiation sites activated by each mode of stimulation were identical, or situated very close to each other in the nerve terminal. PMID- 7320900 TI - Circulatory effects in healthy young men of atrial pacing at rest and during isometric handgrip. AB - 1. The influence of a fixed heart rate and cardiac output on the cardiovascular response to isometric handgrip at one third of maximal voluntary contraction has been studied by means of atrial pacing. 2. At rest, atrial pacing with a mean heart rate of 109 beats/min increased cardiac output and forearm blood flow while total systemic and forearm vascular resistance decreased. 3. During handgrip, total systemic resistance increased both with and without pacing. A slow lowering of forearm vascular resistance was noted in the former situation, no change in the latter. 4. It is concluded that atrial pacing per se increases cardiac output in healthy, young volunteers. Handgrip elicits a vasoconstriction on other vascular beds than the resting forearm. PMID- 7320901 TI - Voltage clamp and internal perfusion of single rat heart muscle cells. AB - 1. Single cells from adult rat ventricle were dispersed using an enzymic dissociation technique. Electrical properties were measured with either suction pipettes or conventional glass micropipettes and the results were compared. 2. Suction pipette and micropipette measurements of resting membrane potentials and action potentials were comparable. Values were similar to those reported previously for both dispersed cardiac myocytes and whole tissue preparations from adult rat ventricle. 3. Voltage clamp with a single suction pipette was used in initial experiments, but the results were not sufficiently accurate. Consequently, voltage clamp of single cells was carried out using two suction pipettes (tip diameters 10-15 micrometers), one for passing current and the other for recording membrane potential. Dialysis of cell contents was performed by each suction pipette. A roving micropipette (tip diameter less than 1 micrometer) was used occasionally to measure membrane potential at selected sites. 4. Using the two-suction-pipette method, voltage-clamp steps rose with time constants of less than 10 microsec and the capacitative current transient decayed with a single time constant of less than 100 microsec. These values are more optimal than those observed in other voltage-clamped cardiac muscle preparations. 5. Single cardiac myocytes had membrane input resistances of 44.5 +/- 4.6 M omega, membrane time constants of 16.2 +/- 0.63 msec and membrane capacitances of 399.7 +/- 42.2 pF. (values are means +/- DS, n = 10-). The length constant, lambda, of a single myocte at ists resting potential and perfused with KH2PO4 was about 500 micrometers. For cells perfused with Cs aspartate solution commonly used in voltage-clamp experiments, the input resistance was approximately quadrupled and lambda was 1100 micrometers. The average length of a myocyte partially aspirated by two suction pipettes was 50 micrometers. At maximum -gNa in 50% extracellular Na, lambda was calculated to be about four times the actual cell length between voltage-recording and current-passing pipettes. 6. The half-time for the disappearance or recovery of outward Na currents, following removal or restitution of intracellular Na with two pipettes, was of the order 1 min, indicating that intracellular ionic composition of the cell could be readily controlled and modified. PMID- 7320902 TI - Sodium current in single rat heart muscle cells. AB - 1. Rapid inward Na current (INa) was studied in isolated cells from rat ventricular myocardium by a double-suction-pipette voltage clamp technique. All experiments were carried out at 20-22 degrees C. 2. INa elicited by single depolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential, VH, of -80 mV had a threshold between -70 and -60 mV and was maximal at -30 to -20 mV. Peak currents in Krebs-Ringer solution containing 145 mM Na were of the order 0.9-1.8 mA cm-2, assuming an average cell surface area of 8000 square micrometers. 3. The reversal potential for INa was predicted by the Nernst equation for external Na in the range 1.45-145 mM with 16 mM-Na solution perfusing the interior of the cell. 4. Instantaneous I-V plots were linear for potentials of -100 to + 10 mV. Maximum Na conductance (-gNa) was calculated to be 25 mS cm-2 in 145 mM-Na solutions and gNa was constant for potentials positive to -10 mV. 5. INa activated with a time constant of 0.7 msec at -55 mV, decreasing to 100 microsec on depolarizations positive to + 10 mV. 6. Two time constants (tau h1, tau h2) were required to describe INa inactivation during a maintained depolarization, with tau h2 three to four times as long as tau h1. tau h1 was about 2 msec at -50 mV, decreasing to 0.9 msec at -10 mV. 7. The time course for recovery of INa from inactivation also exhibited two time constants (tau r1, tau r2), with the longer tau r2 having a maximum value of the order 100 msec in the potential range -60 to -80 mV. 8. INa in isolated rat cardiac cells has a low sensitivity to tetrodotoxin, requiring a concentration of 30 micrometers for complete blockade. PMID- 7320903 TI - The effects of digital nerve stimulation on the firing of motor units in human first dorsal interosseous muscle. AB - 1. The effect of cutaneous stimulation on the firing of single motor units has been studied during voluntary contractions in human first dorsal interosseous muscle. 2. Electrical stimulation of the index finger at 3 x threshold for perception reduced the firing rate of most units recruited at voluntary contraction strengths less than 1.5 N and increased the firing rate of all units recruited at contraction strengths greater than 1.5 N. The firing rate of all slow twitch units (contraction time greater than 75 msec) was reduced. The behaviour of fast twitch units was mixed but at this stimulus strength all units recruited at contraction strengths greater than 1.5 N had their firing rate increased. 3. Tested at different stimulus strengths, the stronger the stimulus the more the firing rate of low threshold units was reduced. The firing rate of units recruited at high contraction strength was increased by weak stimuli but reduced by strong stimuli. 4. It is concluded that stimulation of the index finger shifts the weighting of synaptic input associated with a voluntary contraction to favour the activity of the more powerful fast twitch motor units in first dorsal interosseous muscle. PMID- 7320905 TI - Distribution of ferrocyanide along the proximal tubular lumen of the rat kidney: its implications upon hydrodynamics. AB - 1. Simultaneous determination of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (s.n.g.f.r.) and the amount of [14C]ferrocyanide contained per unit length (Fe/mm) of the proximal tubule makes it possible to calculate the tubular radius and flow velocity along this structure. These measurements were made in normal rats, chronically salt-loaded rats, and rats rendered hypotensive by controlled haemorrhage or aortic constriction. 2. In normal rats, Fe/mm remains constant along the proximal tubule, indicating a gradual decrease in tubular radius and constant flow velocity. 3. In salt-loaded rats, with high s.n.g.f.r.s, Fe/mm also remains constant along the proximal tubule, but at a higher level than in normal rats. This indicates larger tubular radii, but the same evolutionary pattern for tubular radius and flow velocity along the proximal tubule, as in normal rats. 4. In rats with controlled haemorrhage, Fe/mm values are low but rise slightly along the proximal tubule. Tubular radius is reduced, and again, gradually decreases along the length. Considering the very low s.n.g.f.r.s, this implies that a large drop in reabsorption along the proximal tubule accompanies the reduction in s.n.g.f.r. 5. In rats with aortic construction, Fe/mm exhibits a large increase along the proximal tubule, suggesting a huge Fe concentration along the tubule, which in turn would indicate that water reabsorption may not diminish in proportion to the reduction in s.n.g.f.r. In some cases, this disruption of the glomerulo-tubular balance led to the cessation of tubular flow in the proximal tubule. 6. In all cases, Fe/mm and the calculated radius in the initial portion of the proximal tubule were correlated to the s.n.g.f.r., suggesting passive adaptation of tubular radius to fluid delivery. PMID- 7320904 TI - Mouse pancreatic acinar cells: voltage-clamp study of acetylcholine-evoked membrane current. AB - 1. A two-micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique was applied to a study of the resting properties of mouse pancreatic acinar cell membranes and the action of acetylcholine (ACh). 2. The resting voltage-current relation was linear. The specific membrane resistance was calculated to be about 10 k omega cm2. This value was doubled after removal of Cl from the tissue bath superfusion solution. 3. At a holding potential equal to the spontaneous resting potential (about -35 mV) micro-ionophoretic ACh application evoked inward current. Reversal of the polarity of the ACh-evoked current occurred at about - 15 mV. 4. The voltage dependence of the ACh-evoked current displayed inward rectification. This inward rectification could not be accounted for by the constant field equation. 5. The dose-response curves for ACh-evoked inward current were compared in the same units with dose-response curves for ACh-evoked depolarization. Half-maximal depolarization was consistently obtained at a lower dose of ACh than half-maximal inward current. 6. During steady-state exposure of the pancreatic tissue segments to Cl-free sulphate solution the ACh reversal potential was about + 10 mV and the voltage-current relationship for the ACh-controlled channels showed inward rectification. Removal of external Na from the Cl-free solution virtually abolished ACh-evoked inward current. 7. The resting pancreatic acinar cell membrane is electrically inexcitable. The relative permeabilities of the major monovalent ions appears to be PC1/PNa/PK = 2/0.23/1. The ACh-evoked inward current is largely carried by Na. Dose-response curves for ACh-evoked depolarization and inward current in the same acinar units are different, in such a way that the depolarization response saturates at lower ACh concentrations than the current response. PMID- 7320906 TI - Control of fluid intake in pregnant and lactating rats. AB - 1. During 24 hr water deprivation, the pregnant and lactating rats lost more weight than the non-mated animals. The increase in haematocrit was considerably greater in the lactating animals although plasma osmolality increased to the same extent in both lactating and non-mated animals. 2. Following water deprivation, the water intake of the lactating rats was significantly less than that of the pregnant, post-lactating or non-mated animals when expressed as a percentage of the weight loss during dehydration. While the non-mated rats restored their plasma osmolality to the pre-deprivation value upon drinking, the lactating rats sustained a new decrease in osmolality despite the fact that their mean haematocrit was still elevated. 3. When the dehydrated animals were given isotonic saline to drink instead of water, both lactating and non-mated animals restored their body weight and haematocrit to pre-deprivation levels. 4. Lactating rats showed a reduced absolute and net fluid intake in response to I.V. hypertonic saline which could not be explained by more rapid renal clearance of the solute. 5. The pregnant and lactating rats drank less in response to s.c. isoprenaline than did the post-lactating and non-mated animals. 6. The spontaneous 3 hr fluid intake was significantly less during lactation. 7. It is suggested that during the hours of daylight, lactating rats are less responsive to dipsogenic stimuli arising from deficits in both their intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces. PMID- 7320907 TI - A study of the effect of the rate of stimulation on the transient outward current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. The transient outward current, Ito, of sheep Purkinje fibres has been recorded using the two micro-electrode voltage clamp technique. 2. Ito is strongly rate dependent: the magnitude of Ito activated during a test voltage clamp pulse after a train of action potentials is less at higher rates of stimulation. 3. After an increase or decrease in rate there is an abrupt change in Ito in the first response followed by slower changes over the next several hundred responses. 4. When a preparation is rested after repetitive activity Ito recovers in two phages: there is an initial rapid, approximately exponential phase of recovery in the first 10 s which is probably due to reactivation; this is followed by a slower phase of recovery lasting several hundred seconds. 5. Curves showing the time course of reactivation of Ito have been obtained at different rates. At high rates the curves approach smaller values of Ito and the steady-state control values of the current occur on the shoulder of the curves, i.e. before reactivation is complete. 6. It is proposed that the reduction of Ito at high rates is due to two factors: incomplete reactivation which accounts for the rapid changes of Ito and a second unknown factor which accounts for the slower changes in the current. 7. Inspection of current-voltage relationship for Ito suggests that the reduction of Ito at high rates is mainly due to a decrease of conductance rather than to a reduction of the reversal potential. 8. Replacement of the calcium in the bathing solution by strontium does not abolish Ito in sheep Purkinje fibres, suggesting that the current is distinct from the transient outward current in calf Purkinje fibres described by Siegelbaum & Tsien (1980). PMID- 7320908 TI - Recurrent inhibition of intercostal motoneurones in the cat. AB - 1. The external and internal intercostal nerves of a single intercostal space were stimulated in anaesthetized paralysed cats with dorsal roots cut in the corresponding spinal cord segment. 2. Extracellular recording in the ventral horn revealed single units which fired short high frequency bursts of spikes at short latency to stimulation of either or both of the two nerves at stimulus strengths appropriate to the activation of alpha motor axons. These units were deduced to be Renshaw cells. 3. Small (0.1-0.2 mV) hyperpolarizing potentials of duration up to 50 msec were recorded intracellularly in both inspiratory and expiratory motoneurones of the same segment. Latencies and thresholds were appropriate for disynaptic i.p.s.p.s evoked by collaterals of alpha motor axons. 4. The changes in probability of firing following the stimuli were examined for inspiratory alpha motoneurones by constructing post-stimulus histograms of efferent discharges recorded from filaments of the external intercostal nerve of the segment stimulated and from other segments. 5. A period of reduced probability of firing of up to 24 msec duration, corresponding in all respects to disynaptic inhibition from alpha motor axon collaterals, was seen in the segment stimulated and up to three segments distant, though declining in intensity with distance. Either nerve could evoke such inhibition although that evoked from the internal intercostal nerve was stronger, as were the intensities of the Renshaw cell discharges. 6. We conclude that recurrent inhibition, via Renshaw cells which have axons up to 30 mm in length, is present for intercostal motoneurones. Arguments are adduced to show that although the effects from stimulating any one segmental nerve may be relatively weak, the over-all effect resulting from the widely spread projections of the Renshaw cells concerned is an inhibition comparable intensity with that seen in many hind limb motor nuclei. PMID- 7320909 TI - Influence of electric fields on the excitability of granule cells in guinea-pig hippocampal slices. AB - 1. Monosynaptic evoked potentials were recorded from the granule cell layer of slices of guinea-pig hippocampus maintained in vitro. Current pulses of 25-250 msec duration were passed across the slices, between gross electrodes in the bathing liquid. 2. Polarizing current modified the excitability of the granule cells as judged by changes in their population discharge during postsynaptic responses. All durations of polarization had at least qualitatively similar effects. Conventional current from dendrites to cell bodies increased excitability (and vice versa). This is consistent with altered membrane potential of a spike trigger zone, at or close to the granule cell bodies, imposed by the fraction of polarizing current which flows intracellularly. 3. In some experiments polarization also affected the presynaptic volley and (hence?) the synaptic potential. When this occurred it was in the wrong sense to explain the concomitant changes in population spike. 4. Focal polarization, where currents were applied across the cell body layer between a small electrode on the mid or outer dendritic regions and a remote gross electrode, altered granule cell excitability in the same direction as in (2). Thus conventional current injected at the dendritic electrode increased excitability. 5. The smallest effect polarizing currents caused extracellular voltage gradients of 5-10 mV/mm, which is less than occurs in this tissue during synchronous activation of the neurons or during seizure activity. Therefore such field potentials could increased the synchrony of discharge of the granule cells. PMID- 7320910 TI - The effect of pregnancy on glomerular filtration rate and salt and water reabsorption in the rat. AB - 1. Glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.) and salt and water reabsorption were measured in age-matched (12- to 13-week-old) virgin rats and rats at different stages of pregnancy and infused with saline at 37.5 and 200 microliters/min. 2. G.F.R. and salt and water reabsorption were significantly higher in early pregnancy and remained at steady, high values until at least mid-pregnancy. G.F.R. was slightly lower close to term, but sodium and water reabsorption remained significantly enhanced. 3. Significant expansion of extracellular fluid volume (e.c.f.v) was first apparent during mid-pregnancy, indicating that e.c.f.v. expansion could not be directly responsible for the early increase in G.F.R. 4. Proximal tubules were significantly elongated 5- days after mating until term, indicating that an increased reabsorptive area in the proximal tubule may be at least partly responsible for the increased reabsorption in pregnancy. PMID- 7320912 TI - Isotonic velocity transients in frog muscle fibres following quick changes in load. AB - 1. The isotonic velocity transients following quick changes in load were studied on tetanized frog skeletal muscle fibres with special reference to those following quick increases in load. 2. When the load was increased quickly from the maximum isometric force P0 to 1.05-1.3 P0, the fibres exhibited markedly oscillatory length changes with distinct reversal in the direction of movement before starting to lengthen with a nearly constant velocity. 3. The period of the oscillatory length changes increased with increasing magnitude of the load step, and decreased with increasing temperature. The amplitude of oscillatory length changes never exceeded 0.5% of the slack length L0, i.e. about 50 A per half sarcomere. 4. If the load was increased quickly from P0 to 1.3-1.6 P0, the fibres lengthened continuously with velocities decreasing with time. 5. The response of fibres, shortening isotonically under a large load (about 0.8 P0), to quick increases in load was qualitatively similar to that of isometrically contracting fibres. 6. When quick increases in load were applied during isotonic shortening under a moderate or small load (0.1-0.6 P0), the fibres showed initial transient lengthening before starting to shorten against a new load, indicating a decrease in the ability of the fibres to sustain a load after a period of isotonic shortening and its restoration during the transient lengthening. 7. The extent of decrease in load-sustaining ability as well as its subsequent restoration process was dependent on both the amount of load and the duration of preceding isotonic shortening. 8. The decrease in the load-sustaining ability during the course of isotonic shortening appeared to be complete within 30-50 msec after the beginning of shortening. 9. These results are discussed in relation to the kinetic properties of the crossbridges responsible for muscle contraction. PMID- 7320911 TI - Sodium dependency of active chloride transport across isolated fish skin (Gillichthys mirabilis). AB - 1. The effects of thiocyanate, ouabain, ion-substituted Ringer solution and electrochemical gradients on Na+ and Cl- transport were examined using the isolated skin of the marine teleost, Gillichthys mirabilis. 2. Bilateral replacement of Na+ with choline in the bathing solutions reduces net Cl- flux by 93%, indicating that active Cl- transport by the skin is Na-dependent. 3. Thiocyanate inhibits short-circuit current with an ED50 of 6.4 x 10(-4)M, and, at 10(-2)M, decreases Cl-efflux, influx, net flux and short-circuit current by 68, 33, 74 and 81%, respectively. 4. Ouabain (10(-5)M) reduces Cl- efflux and net flux by 56 and 86%, respectively, indicating that the Cl- transport requires Na,K ATPase. 5. Subsequent addition of thiocyanate to ouabain-treated skin reduces Cl- efflux, net flux and short-circuit current, suggesting that the two agents operate at different sites involved in Cl- transport. 6. Unilateral substitution of gluconate for Cl- on the serosal side does not affect Cl- influx, indicating that Cl- passive transport is via Fickean diffusion, not Cl-Cl exchange diffusion. 7. The addition of NaCl to the mucosal side, which mimics the in vivo sea-water condition, increases Cl- influx and transepithelial potential and decreases tissue resistance. The net flux (secretion) of Cl- with hypertonic saline on the mucosal side (0.51 +/- 0.06 muequiv/cm2 . hr) demonstrates that the skin could secrete Cl- in vivo. 8. Na+ fluxes across the skin are passive, as the observed flux ration (efflux/influx) is similar to that predicted by the Ussing Teorell equation under both closed- and open-circuit conditions. 9. The permeability ratio (PNa:PCl) in approximately 5.4:1.0, indicating that the skin is more permeable to Na+, and that at least part of the serosa-positive transepithelial potential may be a Na+ diffusion potential. 10. The results suggest that Cl- secretion by Gillichthys skin is secondary active transport involving Na,K-ATPase and serosal Na+. PMID- 7320913 TI - Effect of rate-dependent changes in the transient outward current on the action potential in sheep Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. The rate of membrane potential change during the initial phase of rapid repolarization of the action potential in sheep Purkinje fibres has been measured by electronic differentiation. 2. Phase-plane analysis has revealed that the potential dependence of rapid repolarization corresponds to the potential range over which the transient outward current , Ito, is recorded in voltage clamp experiments. 3. The initial rate of repolarization is strongly rate-dependent and it is markedly reduced at high rates. 4. The effect of high rates of stimulation on the phase-plane diagram is consistent with a reduction in I. 5. After an increase or decrease in rate there is an abrupt change in the initial rate of repolarization in the first response followed by slower changes over several hundred responses. 6. Recovery of the initial rate of repolarization occurs in two distinct phases after repetitive to activity: there is a rapid, approximately exponential phase of recovery in the first 10 s which is followed by a slower phase of recovery lasting several hundred seconds. 7. The rate-dependent changes in the initial rate of repolarization are abolished by 4-aminopyridine, 0.5-1.0 mmol/l. 8. It is concluded that the rate-dependent changes in the initial phase of repolarization are due to the similar changes in Ito described in a companion paper (Boyett, 1981). 9. Rate-dependent changes in peak tension have been measured and they bear no relationship to the changes in the initial rate of repolarization. It is concluded that the major component of the transient outward current in sheep Purkinje fibers is unlikely to be a Ca-activated current PMID- 7320914 TI - Enhancement of mechanical performance in frog muscle fibres after quick increases in load. AB - 1. The change in the ability of frog skeletal muscle fibres to sustain a load was studied during the course of oscillatory length changes or continuous isotonic lengthening following quick increases in load, by applying "test' load steps and measuring the initial velocity of resulting isotonic motion. 2. When quick decreases in load were applied during oscillatory length changes or continuous isotonic lengthening, the fibres were found to shorten against a load above the maximum tension (P0), indicating an increase in load-sustaining ability after quick increases in load. 3. If quick increases in load were applied at various times after preceding quick increase in load, the initial velocity of resulting isotonic lengthening decreased with time, also indicating an increase in load sustaining ability. 4. An increase in load-sustaining ability was also observed during the course of rapid isotonic lengthening under a load of 1.6-1.7 P0, in which the fibres lengthened with increasing velocity. 5. The increase in load sustaining ability after quick increases in load was associated with a shift of the force-velocity curve towards higher force values, while no significant change was observed in the maximum shortening velocity at zero load. 6. The stiffness of muscle fibres was estimated by measuring quick length changes coincident with load steps. It decreased with decreasing isotonic load below P0, approaching a certain finite value as the load tended to zero. For isotonic load below P0, approaching a certain finite value as the load tended to zero. For isotonic loads above P0, the stiffness increased with increasing isotonic load up to 1.6-1.7 P0, when step decreases in load were used for stiffness measurements. 7. The mechanism of enhancement of mechanical performance of the fibres after quick increases in load is discussed in relation to the sliding filament/cross bridge hypotheses of muscle contraction. PMID- 7320915 TI - Acetylcholine content and release in denervated or botulinum poisoned rat skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The acetylcholine (ACh) content and spontaneous and evoked release of ACh in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were determined by pyrolysis-mass fragmentography. The determinations were made on muscles paralysed by local application of botulinum toxin (BoTx) type A, on unpoisoned muscles, surgically denervated or reinnervated muscles.2. The ACh content of unpoisoned control muscles was nearly uniform between animals and varied in the experimental series between 36 and 50 pmol. BoTx failed to affect the ACh content after 2 d of poisoning and caused a slight increase in content after 8 d. Surgical denervation reduced the ACh content within 24 h to less than 10% of innervated muscles and upon reinnervation the ACh content was restored. Following cholinesterase inhibition the ACh content of innervated and denervated muscles increased somewhat, about equally with time.3. Spontaneous release of ACh varied in normal innervated muscles between 40 and 100 fmol/min. In the presence of 25 mm-KCl the rate of release increased about fourfold. In BoTx poisoned muscles spontaneous release was reduced by up to 60% of control and high potassium failed to accelerate the release at 2 d after poisoning and caused only a small increase at 8 d. Denervated muscles released ACh at a rate which was less than 20% of control and it was not accelerated by high potassium.4. The results show that more than 90% of total ACh in the innervated EDL muscle is present in the nerve and its terminals. The remaining ACh is apparently formed and stored in the muscle tissue. BoTx caused a larger reduction in ACh release than can be accounted for by assuming a selective blockade of quantal release of transmitter. It suggests that BoTx has an inhibitory effect also on non-quantal ACh release. PMID- 7320916 TI - The influence of innervation on differentiating tonic and twitch muscle fibres of the chicken. AB - 1. The anterior (ALD) and posterior (PLD) latissimus dorsi muscles of adult chickens were denervated by section of their motor nerves. Four weeks later the contractile and membrane properties of these muscles were studied in vitro at room temperature.2. Although the time course of the PLD muscle twitch was slightly prolonged, the qualitative difference in contractile characteristics of the slow ALD and the fast PLD muscles was maintained after denervation.3. The difference in the passive membrane characteristics of the ALD and PLD muscle fibres was not lost after denervation, although the membrane resistance (R(m)) and space constant (lambda) of the denervated muscles fell. The membrane resistance, space (lambda) and time (tau(m)) constants of the ALD muscle remained significantly greater than for the PLD muscle fibres. The absolute values of tau(m) in both muscles increased, implying that in the case of the ALD the membrane capacitance (C(m)) was increased above normal after denervation. This is discussed in terms of the ultrastructural changes in this muscle after denervation.4. The ALD muscle was cut into small pieces and replaced in the bed of the PLD muscle, which in turn was minced and placed into the bed of the ALD muscle. These muscles regenerated and became reinnervated by the PLD and ALD nerves respectively. They aligned themselves in the muscle bed and adopted the former shape of the muscle that they replaced. The passive cable properties of the regenerated ALD muscle fibres innervated by the PLD nerve resembled the control PLD fibres and the regenerated PLD fibres reinnervated by the ALD nerve resembled those of the control ALD. Regenerated ALD and PLD reinnervated by their own nerves had contractile and membrane properties similar to those of control muscles.5. The results show that the fundamental differences, between slow and fast muscles once established, persist even when they are deprived of their innervation. The properties of developing muscle fibres however are determined by the motor nerves even in the adult animal. PMID- 7320917 TI - Effects of pregnancy on glucose reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule in the rat. AB - 1. Free-flow micropuncture techniques were used to investigate glucose, sodium and water reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule in 7-8 day pregnant rats undergoing saline or glucose infusion and in virgin controls. 2. Absolute proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose was greater in pregnant animals than virgins during both saline and glucose infusion; and fractional reabsorption of glucose was higher in pregnant than in virgin animals during glucose infusion. 3. During glucose loading, less glucose escaped reabsorption in the proximal tubule in pregnant than in virgin animals. It is concluded that the increased excretion of glucose observed in pregnant rats cannot be due to failure to proximal tubular mechanisms. 4. During saline infusion pregnant animals had a higher single nephron glomerular filtration rate (S.N.G.F.R.) when compared with virgin animals and a corresponding increase in reabsorption of sodium and water. The small increases in S.N.G.F.R. and sodium reabsorption in pregnant animals (compared with virgin animals) during glucose infusion were not statistically significant. 5. Fractional reabsorption of sodium (and water) along the proximal convoluted tubule was not significantly different in the four series. It is concluded that glomerulo-tubular balance operates during pregnancy. PMID- 7320918 TI - The release of rat intestinal cholecystokinin after oral trypsin inhibitor measured by bio-assay. AB - The distribution, molecular form and release of cholecystokinin (CCK)-like activity in extracts of rat small intestine was studied with an in vitro gall bladder bio-assay. In contrast to the reported heterogeneity of CCK-like immunoreactivity in the intestine, only a single molecular form of CCK-like activity was detected using the bio-assay. 2. The CCK-like activity eluted from Sephadex G50 with a Kav of 0.69, after the triacontriapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK33) and before cholecystokinin octapeptide 2500, may represent the 22 amino acid peptide of CCK (CCK22). The bio-assay peak of CCK-like activity had pancreozymin activity and CCK/gastrin C terminal immunoreactivity. The CCK-like activity weas readily extracted from the small intestine at neutral pH, but subsequent treatment with cold 0.5 M-acetic acid extracted further CCK-like activity of the same molecular form as that recovered under neutral conditions. 3. The bio-assay detected no CCK-like activity, nor was pancreozymin-like activity found in fractions corresponding to CCK33 or CCK8 after Sephadex G50 chromatography of rat intestinal extracts. 4. Oral trypsin inhibitor was a potent stimulus for the release of CCK-like activity from the upper small intestine of the rat. After oral trypsin inhibitor release, CCK-like activity was rapidly resynthesized. PMID- 7320920 TI - Modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by mechanoreceptors in the stomach, duodenum and colon of the ferret. AB - 1. A single-fibre-dissection technique was used to investigate the reflex modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by afferent fibres from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract of the urethane-anaesthetized ferret. 2. All but four of the 168 efferent fibres isolated in this study were spontaneously active. The majority of these had discharge frequencies of less than 6 spikes/sec. 3. All the efferent units received an afferent input from mechanoreceptors in the stomach. Two main types of response to gastric distension were seen: (i) an increase in efferent discharge and (ii) a decrease or complete suppression of efferent discharge. 4. The vagal efferent discharge was also modulated by duodenal and colonic distension, with the major effect being one of inhibition. 5. Bilateral vagotomy completely abolished the response to gastric distension in 68% of the units tested. The response to colonic and duodenal distension, however, was relatively unaffected by vagotomy. Thus the vagus provides the major afferent pathway from the stomach to these vagal efferent fibres, whilst the major input from the duodenum and colon is via a non-vagal pathway. Both vagal and splanchnic afferents therefore converge on to the vagal nucleus. 6. The destinations of these vagal efferent fibres and their possible functions are discussed. PMID- 7320919 TI - The interaction of potassium ions and ATP on the sodium pump of resealed red cell ghosts. AB - 1. Ouabain-sensitive K or Rb influx was measure into ghosts resealed to contain ATP concentrations of 1 micrometers-3 mM and no K. 2. Increasing ATP from 1 to 100 micro M, at saturation external K, increased K influx about twentyfold while have no effect on the ratio of ouabain-sensitive K influx to ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity. 3. Increasing external K decreased the apparent affinity for ATP. Similarly increasing ATP decreased the apparent affinity for external K. 4. The K influx can be empirically described as: influx = VmaxK2/(K + Kapp)2. Increasing ATP increased Vmax and (Kapp)2 by the same amount. 5. These results are consistent with a consecutive model for the Na pump in which an ATP-dependent reaction follows a K-activated dephosphorylation. PMID- 7320921 TI - Modulatory influences of moving textured backgrounds on responsiveness of simple cells in feline striate cortex. AB - 1. The modulatory influences of synchronously moving textured backgrounds on responsiveness to optimally oriented moving bar stimuli were investigated in 107 simple cells, with incidental observations on four complex cells, recorded in the lightly anaesthetized feline striate cortex.2. Background motion depressed bar responsiveness in 74% of simple cells, facilitated bar responsiveness in 4%, and was without influence in 22%. These results confirm our earlier observations (Hammond & MacKay, 1977).3. Moving chequerboard patterns typically elicited stronger effects than moving visual noise.4. Occluding a moving background by a mask of stationary texture of variable width and length indicated that the zone of background influence extended well beyond the excitatory receptive field along its axis, but not transverse to it. This was confirmed by a converse experiment using a window of moving texture in an otherwise stationary background.5. The influence of background motion varied markedly with location relative to the cell's receptive field. A small stationary rectangular window of moving texture at different locations along the receptive field axis typically suppressed bar response when over the receptive field, but facilitated it at either end. Conversely, with the background moving and the masking texture stationary, suppression was minimal when the masking patch was centred over the receptive field.6. Systematically varying the phase relationship between bar and background motion showed the interaction in simple cells to be greatest for in-phase motion and least for motion in antiphase. The opposite is true for complex cells.7. All the above effects showed non-linearities and could be enhanced by making texture velocity greater than bar velocity or by selecting the polarity of contrast and length of a bar stimulus of optimal orientation and width so as to elicit relatively weak (submaximal) criterion responses.8. Since textured backgrounds themselves evoke no response from simple cells, and since all specific afferents are known to be excitatory, it seems likely that textural influences upon simple cells are mediated only through complex cells. PMID- 7320922 TI - Effects of sodium gradient manipulation upon cellular calcium, 45Ca fluxes and cellular sodium in the guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - 1. Sucrose and choline were utilized as NaCl substitutes in order to investigate Na-Ca interactions in the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli.2. Progressive substitution of NaCl by sucrose caused a progressive increase in cellular exchangeable Ca. This uptake, which amounted to about 300 mumole Ca/kg tissue upon total Na replacement, reached a plateau within 20 min. Complete substitution of NaCl by choline chloride caused cellular Ca to increase rapidly to an initial peak, and then decrease to a stable plateau which was also about 300 mumole/kg above control.3. Replacement of NaCl by either sucrose or choline chloride caused a transient increase in the Ca influx rate, which was measured using a 3 min pulse labelling with (45)Ca. This increase was more pronounced in choline chloride.4. NaCl substitution by either sucrose or choline chloride caused a decrease in the (45)Ca efflux rate. Two exponential components of transmembrane (45)Ca efflux were found in control and Na-free media.5. Treatment of tissues with 3 x 10(-5)m-ouabain did not significantly affect the cellular Ca content after 80 min, at which time the Na and K gradients were largely dissipated.6. Removal of medium K caused a slower dissipation of the Na and K gradients. This treatment decreased cellular Ca, did not affect the Ca influx rate, and increased the (45)Ca efflux rate.7. Tissues were incubated in depolarizing media containing 10(-4)m-ouabain in order to remove the Na gradient. Subsequent measurement of cellular Na indicated the absence of a significant fraction of bound Na.8. The ratio [Na](o)/[Na](i) had a value of 6.3 in control medium, and decreased as [Na](o) was progressively lowered by sucrose substitution, reaching a value of < 1 in a medium containing 5 mm-Na.9. These experiments provide evidence that a Na-Ca exchange carrier does not play an important role in regulation of tension in this muscle, and also indicate that the Ca gradient is not solely dependent on the Na gradient in guinea-pig taenia coli. PMID- 7320923 TI - Striate cortex responses to periodic patterns with and without the fundamental harmonics. AB - 1. The visual system has been modelled as a set of independent linear channels each tuned to a limited band of spatial frequency with the average bandwidth being approximately 1 octave. A great deal of psychophysical and physiological evidence supports this basic notion. However, Henning, Hertz & Broadbent (1975) have shown reciprocal masking between a fundamental frequency (1F) and a complex grating composed of higher harmonics several octaves removed ((4+5+6)F); their results clearly indicate a lack of independence.2. We recorded the activity of cells in the striate cortex of monkeys and cats using stimuli similar to those of Henning et al. to make comparisons with their psychophysical data and to test specific physiological predictions.3. We found that cells tuned to the fundamental frequency did not produce an excitatory response to the (4+5+6)F pattern. However, the response of such cells to 1F could be reduced by simultaneous presentation of (4+5+6)F. Similarly, the response of cells tuned to high frequencies, when presented with (4+5+6)F, was reduced by simultaneous presentation of 1F. However, this reciprocal inhibition could be produced between single harmonics (e.g. 1F and 4F) and was not dependent upon a special relationship between 1F and (4+5+6)F.4. When cells tuned to high frequencies were presented with the (4+5+6)F pattern they generated predictable responses in the higher harmonics (4, 5, 6) but they also generated an unexpected, non-linear, response at the fundamental frequency, 1F, even though no such low frequency component was present in the stimulus. This effect is due to the response rectification which striate cells show.5. In support of the linear independent spatial frequency channel model, we find (a) striate cells provide an excitatory response to only a limited range of frequencies, (b) they do not provide such responses to the ;apparent' yet ;missing' fundamental in the (4+5+6)F beating pattern, and (c) the response wave form to complex stimuli like (4+5+6)F is reasonably predictable (at least for simple cells) from the model. Against the model we find that (a) frequencies outside the excitatory bandpass can produce inhibition and (b) the rectification of the response wave form introduces harmonics not present in the stimulus. PMID- 7320924 TI - Internal potassium stimulates the sodium-potassium pump by increasing cell ATP concentration. AB - 1. Intracellular K increases the ouabain-sensitive Na-K exchange in human red blood cells. Pump rate increases hyperbolically with internal K with a K12 for K of 2.58 m-mole/l. red blood cells. Li also stimulates the pump rate, but with a much higher K12. The stimulation does not result from a change in the affinity of the pump for its substrates Na, K or Mg or for the product, phosphate. 2. The effect of cell K on the Na-Na exchange is biphasic. At low concentrations it decreases the exchange rate but then the exchange increases linearly with cell k concentration. 3. Stimulation of the pump rate by internal K can be demonstrated in reconstituted ghosts but only if the ratio of the volume of cells to that of solution at the time of haemolysis is high. Stimulation is not observed if the ghosts contain an efficient system for rephosphorylating ADP to ATP, such as creatine phosphate and creatine kinase, or if the measurements are made with iodoacetamide which inhibits rephosphorylation of ADP by inhibiting the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 4. Cells with low internal K and Li have low ATP concentrations, and ATP increases hyperbolically with internal K or Li with the same K12 as does the pump rate. In cells depleted of substrate intracellular K does not stimulate the pump rate. 5. The effect of K and Li on the pump rate probably does not result from enhanced activity of any of the enzymes below phosphofructokinase in the glycolytic pathway. PMID- 7320925 TI - Action potential synchrony in embryonic precontractile chick heart: optical monitoring with potentiometric dyes. AB - 1. Using an optical method for monitoring membrane potential, we recorded spontaneous action potentials simultaneously in several different areas of the 7 9 somite embryonic chick hearts. 2. Absorption signals resembling spontaneous action potentials were well synchronized among the different areas in the prebeating embryonic heart during the 7-9 somite stages of development, and the synchronization spread over the entire area of the heart. From these experimental results, it is evident that there is electrical coupling among embryonic chick heart cells even in the early stages of cardiogenesis. 3. When an embryonic heart was separated into right and left or anterior and posterior parts, the action potential synchrony between the two halves was completely blocked; however, the synchrony and the intrinsic rhythmicity in action potential recurrence remained in each part. PMID- 7320926 TI - Effect of glucose and hyperosmolality on the electrical characteristics of dog colon mucosa in vivo. AB - 1. A method has been developed to maintain the electrical characteristics of dog colon mucosa stable over prolonged periods in vivo. This was achieved by paying special attention to the constancy of the volume of the organ and its intraluminal pressure during perfusion. 2. Intraluminal glucose elicits an increase in transmural potential and short-circuit current; this has been attributed to the presence of a Na-glucose co-transport process in this tissue. 3. Na replacement by K in the perfusate caused an increase in the transmural potential, whereas mannitol substitution evoked an inversion. These observations are probably the result of diffusion potentials. In the mannitol solution, glucose effectively abolished the negative transmural potential, whereas in the K solution, the effect of the sugar was smaller than in the control. 4. Perfusion of a hyperosmotic solution containing mannitol resulted in the development of streaming potentials across the mucosa. Their magnitude was reduced by addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol or by removal of Na from the perfusate. They were counteracted by replacement of mannitol by glucose. The streaming potentials showed no sign of saturability, reflecting a pronounced hydraulic conductivity of the epithelium. 5. The rapidity of onset of the potential response to glucose was enhanced by increasing the perfusion rate, but the response to hyperosmolality was unaffected. 6. Streaming potentials, diffusion potentials and glucose-evoked potentials are generally considered to be features of the small intestinal mucosa; their existence in the dog colon indicates that this epithelium has more in common with small gut than with the majority of mammalian colons. PMID- 7320927 TI - Effects from fine muscle and cutaneous afferents on spinal locomotion in cats. AB - 1. The effects of chemically activated fine muscle afferents (groups III and IV) and electrically activated cutaneous afferents on motoneuronal discharges were studied before and during fictive locomotion induced pharmacologically by i.v. administration of nialamide and l-DOPA in high spinal cats. Efferent activity was recorded simultaneously from nerve filaments to ipsi- and contralateral extensor and flexor muscles. In addition, intracellular recordings were made from lumbar alpha-motoneurones.2. After nialamide but before treatment with l-DOPA, in some cases, transient locomotor-like discharges were induced by an increased activity in fine muscle afferents. The response pattern in nerves to both hind limbs could be different showing e.g. only transient alternating activity between knee flexor and extensor of one limb but not of the other one.3. Treatment with l-DOPA did not always cause fictive locomotion. Often not all motoneurone pools showed rhythmic activity. In these cases stimulation of group III and IV muscle afferents usually caused transient periodic activity. In cases with apparent rhythmic activity, algesic stimulation of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle caused an accentuation of the rhythm by a more abrupt transition from the active phase to the non-active interval. Again, the response patterns on both sides were not uniform in all cases.4. A second type of response to activation of fine muscle afferents had a quite different character: the rhythmic activity was more or less completely overridden by a strong transient tonic hyperactivity or the rhythm was transiently blocked. These phenomena did not occur in the same way in all nerves.5. Electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerves of the hind limb generally induced the same response pattern as chemical stimulation of the group III and IV muscle afferents. The effects varied depending on the stimulus strength and the nerve.6. The results revealed that cutaneous and fine muscle afferents not only have similar functions in the reflex control of a limb but also in evocation and modulation of locomotion. Therefore, it is assumed that both types of afferents may serve together as a peripheral feed-back to the spinal locomotor centre. PMID- 7320928 TI - Selective synapse formation during sprouting after partial denervation of the guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion. AB - 1. The synaptic connexions established by sprouting of intact preganglionic sympathetic axons were examined by intracellular recording in vitro and by observing the sympathetic end organ responses to ventral root stimulation in vivo. 2. The superior cervical ganglion of the guinea-pig was partially denervated (70-85%) by crushing the cervical sympathetic trunk at the level of the subclavian artery, leaving the ansa subclavia intact. The intact nerve carried some preganglionic axons arising from each of the eight spinal cord segments (C8-T7) contributing innervation to the ganglion. 3. During the first 4 weeks after the operation, there was a two-to threefold increase in the number of steps in the synaptic response elicited in individual ganglion cells by graded stimulation of the ansa subclavia. There was also an increase in the amplitude of the synaptic potential elicited by each preganglionic axon. 4. This increase in the synaptic contribution of the intact nerve to neurones in the superior cervical ganglion after partial denervation was attributed to sprouting of residual preganglionic axons. A major contribution from collateral connexions between ganglion cells was ruled out by intracellular recording form neurones during antidromic stimulation of their axons in the inferior post-ganglionic nerve. 5. After sprouting, the specificity of the sympathetic end organ responses elicited by stimulation of the ventral roots of spinal segments T1 and T4 in vivo was indistinguishable from normal, although the strength of these responses increased from just perceptible acutely after partial denervation to near normal 3-6 weeks after the operation, when sprouting was largely complete. 6. These results show that intact preganglionic axons arising from different spinal levels established selective connexions with different classes of ganglion cells during sprouting. PMID- 7320929 TI - The role of intrarenal pH in regulation of ammoniagenesis: [31P]NMR studies of the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - 1. [31P]NMR spectra were obtained from a functioning isolated perfused rat kidney with the aim of determining intrarenal pH in acute acidosis. 2. Signals from intracellular inorganic phosphate could be observed in the absence of phosphate in the perfusion medium. Under these conditions renal ATP and inorganic phosphate content fell by 30% but total adenine nucleotide and phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP x Pi were unchanged compared with kidneys perfused with phosphate containing medium. In addition, G.F.R., Na+ reabsorption and ammonia formation from glutamine remained normal. Ammonia production increased 93%, urine pH fell to 5.8 +/- 0.1 and kidney 2-oxoglutarate content fell by 80% upon acidification of the perfusion medium from pH 7.4 to pH 6.9, findings identical with those obtained in controls (Ross & Tannen, 1979). 3. [31P]NMR spectra of the isolated perfused rat kidney showed a pattern of adenine nucleotides and a small concentration of phosphocreatine, Intra-renal pH was measured from the resonance position of intracellular inorganic phosphate and in perfusions with pH 7.4 buffer was 7.19 +/- 0.10 (n = 11). 4. Acidification of the perfusion medium to pH 7.0 resulted in 0.3 pH unit fall in intrarenal pH. This fall in total intrarenal pH is insufficient to explain the fall in 2-oxoglutarate concentration observed if the glutamate-dehydrogenase-equilibrium model is invoked. 5. The line-width of the NMR signal is compatible either with heterogeneity of intra-renal pH or the existence of a pH gradient between cytosol and mitochondria, or both. PMID- 7320930 TI - The effects of denervation on contractile properties or rat skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Isometric contractions of fast and slow twitch muscles of rats were recorded 1 42 days after denervation. 2. The major changes occurred over the period from 2 to 6 days after denervation. These changes were qualitatively similar in the two types of muscle. The most important effects were on the twitch: times to peak and half relaxation were prolonged, active tension and peak rate of rise of tension were increased. Tetanic tension per unit cross-sectional area and the maximum rate of rise of tension decreased during this period but, in the second week, the tension recovered substantially and the maximum rate recovered completely. 3. Very small differences were seen between muscles denervated with short and long nerve stumps at day 4. 4. In the late stage of denervation (7-42 days) twitch and tetanic tension fell more than cross-sectional area, but this may have been due to greater atrophy of fibres compared with other muscle tissue. 5. Apart from this tension fall, there were only small changes in the fast muscle in the late stage of denervation. These were a fall in twitch-tetanus ratio and a prolongation of relaxation. 6. In more than half of the soleus muscles there was a late reversal of some of the denervation changes, and these muscles showed a greater degree of atrophy. The less atrophied soleus muscles maintained a prolonged twitch and a low rate of development of tension. 7. It is concluded that denervation affects the contractile properties of muscle as early and as abruptly as it does the membrane properties, and that most of the contractile changes are a direct consequence of changes in excitation-contraction coupling alone. PMID- 7320931 TI - Effects of acetylcholine on respiratory neurones in the nucleus ambiguus retroambigualis complex of the cat. AB - 1. The effects of ionophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic antagonists to respiratory neurones of the nucleus ambiguus-retroambigualis complex were studied in cats. 2. Acetylcholine was ineffective when applied to inspiratory neurones (27/31) but inhibited the spontaneous activity of a significant population of expiratory neurones (21/39). 3. The expiratory neurones inhibited by ACh included neurones with axons projecting to the vagus or spinal cord, as well as neurones not antidromically activated from either of these sites. 4. The cholinergic inhibition of expiratory neurones was blocked by atropine (6/9) but dihydro-beta-erythroidine was ineffective. In seven expiratory neurones, ionophoresis of atropine alone evoked firing during the normal period of silence of the neurone (inspiration). 5. It is concluded that a significant population of expiratory neurones receive an active inhibition during inspiration and this involves a cholinergic mechanism. The implications of these observations for the synaptology of central respiratory control and modifications of the vagal outflow to the heart are discussed. PMID- 7320932 TI - Glucose transport by short loops of Henle in the rat. AB - 1. Short loops of Henle were artificially perfused with saline solutions containing 5 or 0 mM-glucose in the presence and absence of phlorizin. 2. Net fluid reabsorption was greater when glucose but no phlorizin was present than in all other series. 3. Glucose was reabsorbed from glucose-containing perfusate and this was abolished by phlorizin. Secretion of glucose occurred into the perfusate which initially contained no glucose and this secretion was enhanced by phlorizin. 4. Sodium reabsorption was inhibited by phlorizin, when glucose was present, but enhanced by phlorizin when glucose was absent. 5. It can be shown that there is secretion of some osmotically active solute in all series. Its secretion is enhanced by phlorizin in the absence of glucose. PMID- 7320933 TI - The effects of exercise on protein and electrolyte secretion in parotid saliva. AB - 1. Ten subjects collected ten 1 min samples of parotid saliva at a constant flow rate 1-2 hr before exercise, immediately after running 3-8 miles and 3 hr after exercise. 2. Exercise had no significant effects on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate or inorganic phosphate. 3. Exercise caused a marked elevation in total protein concentration and in seven of the subjects the initial samples after exercise were cloudy due to protein precipitation. The precipitated protein could be dissolved in sodium EDTA. 4. The saliva samples collected immediately after exercise from the seven subjects in which precipitation occurred contained higher concentrations of protein, calcium and phosphate than in those of the other three subjects. 5. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that all proteins appeared to show a proportional increase in the cloudy saliva, as compared with the clear saliva but differential precipitation of certain proteins occurred in the former which was largely restricted to proteins having a high affinity for calcium phosphate. 6. Electronmicroscopic examination of centrifuged cloudy saliva produced after exercise revealed the presence of rounded droplets of homogeneous structure in contrast to the fine granular deposits produced in clear parotid saliva by in vitro procedures causing precipitation of calcium phosphate crystals on which protein adsorbed. PMID- 7320934 TI - The mechanical activity of chick embryonic myocardial cell aggregates. AB - 1. Simultaneous recordings of membrane potential and edge movement were obtained in spontaneously beating chick embryonic myocardial cell aggregates, which are known to behave as an isopotential syncytium.2. The time course of edge movement was similar in different aggregates, and in different regions of the same aggregate.3. Peak amplitude was increased by 10(-6)m-ouabain, and by rapid reduction of the external sodium concentration.4. Peak amplitude was decreased during single premature action potentials, but sustained rapid pacing produced an ascending staircase.5. Depolarizing current pulses increased both the amplitude and duration of the contraction, and caused potentiation of the next spontaneous beat. Edge displacement during a series of pulses was a monotonic function of membrane potential.6. Edge movement between action potentials (diastolic movement) was well fitted by an exponential with a mean time constant of 69 msec. Diastolic edge movement was due to a weak, slowly decaying contractile force, which was demonstrated in cells grown on a linear-elastic nylon bristle.7. The time course of diastolic edge movement remained constant, or nearly constant, during variations in peak amplitude that resulted from prematurity of the action potential, exposure to 10(-6)m-ouabain, spontaneous mechanical alternans, or prolongation of the action potential by current pulses.8. In contrast, reduction of the external sodium concentration produced marked, selective slowing of the diastolic edge movement. Similar slowing occurred during cooling and during staircase. Diastolic edge movement was selectively accelerated when the preceding interbeat interval was prolonged by a hyperpolarizing current pulse.9. The above observations are consistent with the hypothesis that edge displacement is a monotonic function of contractile force.10. The slow relaxation between action potentials probably reflects removal of intracellular calcium across the surface membrane in exchange for sodium. Changes in the rate of calcium removal may play a role in the regulation of contractility in this tissue. PMID- 7320935 TI - Healing-over in rat crystalline lens. AB - 1. 42K efflux has been studied in normal and injured rat crystalline lenses to test their ability to heal over. Following injury, a sizeable, but transient, increase in fractional loss of 42K takes place. 2. The lens healing-over is Ca dependent and cannot be accounted for by membrane resealing. This is excluded by the fact that Procion Yellow gains access to damaged fibres even 2 hr after injury (when the healing-over is completed). 3. The occlusion of the junctional channels is the basic mechanism of healing-over. This is supported by the observation that Procion Yellow does not diffuse from damaged to intact fibres and by the Ca dependency of the phenomenon. PMID- 7320936 TI - Morphology and distribution of touch cell terminals in the skin of the leech. AB - 1. The receptor terminals of individual mechanosensory neurones responding to light touch (T cells) have been visualized directly in the skin of the leech by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into their cell bodies in the central nervous system. The axons of injected cells could be followed from their origin in the neuropile of the ganglion to their terminals in the skin. 2. The axons of T cells run through ipsilateral nerve roots in the body wall to the base of the layer of epithelial cells in the skin. Here axons branch extensively and turn between the epithelial cells to end a few microns from the skin surface. These terminals are situated in intercellular spaces immediately below the junctional complex joining the outer ends of the epithelial cells. 3. The T cell terminals are free nerve endings with a beaded appearance; they contain large mitochondria and clusters of vesicles. 4. An individual T cell makes about 100 endings within a square millimetre of skin in the centre of its territory, and is estimated to make a total of several hundred endings. 5. The distribution of T cell endings observed directly agrees with physiological studies of receptive field organization and emphasizes the high degree of specificity of connexions of these neurones with their peripheral targets. PMID- 7320937 TI - Roles of subcutaneous fat and thermoregulatory reflexes in determining ability to stabilize body temperature in water. AB - 1. The lowest water temperature in which different young adults could stabilize body temperature was found to vary from 32 degrees C to less than 12 degrees C, because of large differences in both total body insulation and metabolic heat production. 2. Total body insulation per unit surface area, in the coldest water allowing stability, was quite closely determined by mean subcutaneous fat thickness measured ultrasonically (r = 0.92), regardless of differences in distribution of this fat between men and women. 3. Reactive individuals developed high metabolic rates, and often rather high insulations in relation to fat thickness, which enabled them to stabilize their body temperatures in water more than 10 degrees C colder than was possible for less reactive individuals of similar fat thickness. 4. Measurements of heat flux, after stabilization in the coldest water possible, showed that the trunk was the main site of heat loss and that over half of the internal insulation there could be accounted for by subcutaneous fat; by contrast, fat could account for less than a third of higher insulations found in muscular parts of the limbs, and for less than 3% of very high insulations in the hands and feet. 5. After stabilization of body temperature at rest in the coldest possible water, exercise reduced internal insulation only in muscular parts of the limbs. Exercise also increased heat loss elsewhere by exposing skin of protected regions such as flexural surfaces of joints. During exercise total heat production increased rather more than heat loss in unreactive subjects, but less than loss in subjects whose heat production had already risen to a high level when they were at rest in cold water. 6. In warm (37 degrees C) water, tissue insulations were lower and much more uniform between subjects and between different body regions than in the cold. Even in the warm, however, insulations remained rather higher in fat than thin subjects, higher at rest than during exercise, and usually higher in the limbs than the upper trunk. PMID- 7320938 TI - Gaba-antagonists alter spatial summation in receptive field centres of rod- but not cone-drive cat retinal ganglion Y-cells. AB - 1. When Y-type cat retinal ganglion cells were driven by cones, the i.v. administration of the GABA-antagonist picrotoxin failed to alter receptive field centre size. 2. This result is in marked contrast to our previous finding that when Y-cells were driven by rods, GABA-antagonists led to specific and reversible changes in centre size. 3. These results taken together suggest that for centre signals of Y-cells, the rod and cone pathways are pharmacologically distinct. PMID- 7320939 TI - Arterial chemoreceptor-like activity in the abdominal vagus of the rat. AB - 1. Centripetal activity in fibres in the ventral abdominal vagus nerve of the rat has been studied by recording from fine strands of the divided nerve within the abdomen. 2. In the starved animal, few spontaneously active fibres were located. A proportion of these, however, showed changes in activity in response to changes in F1 oxygen which were typical of arterial chemoreceptor afferent nerves. The resting discharge in these preparations was 0.8-8.0 impulses/sec. In response to extreme hypoxic hypoxia, histotoxic hypoxia or acetylcholine, this discharge increased markedly, with a maximum mean activity of up to 25 impulses/sec. 3. Both the mean/S.D. ratio and statistical comparison with a 'noise' equation were used to assess the apparent random nature of the spike intervals. The former indicated that the spike intervals were random but the latter test was inconclusive. 4. We suggest that this chemoreceptor-like activity originates from the abdominal vagal paraganglia and that these structures may be part of a more generally distributed chemoreceptor system. PMID- 7320940 TI - Ouabain and regulation of cellular volume in slices of mammalian renal cortex. AB - 1. The effect of ouabain on cellular volume recovery in rabbit, guinea-pig and rat renal cortical slices was studied. A concentration of ouabain that is maximally effective in inhibiting slice potassium accumulation was determined for each species. Slices from each species were either freshly prepared and then incubated, or leached and then incubated, or preincubated in oxygenated ordinary medium (equilibrated), leached and then reincubated in media with and without this concentration of ouabain. All incubations were at 25 degrees C.2. Potassium loss produced by ouabain was greater in rabbit and guinea-pig slices than in rat slices.3. With slices that were freshly prepared and then incubated, and with slices that were leached and then incubated, cellular volume recovery was inhibited by ouabain in rabbit and guinea-pig slices, but not in rat slices.4. After equilibration, swelling during leaching was less, especially in rabbit and guinea-pig slices. However, on subsequent reincubation, significant differences in tissue water and cation contents that were consistent with inhibition of cellular volume recovery by ouabain, were seen in slices from these two species, but not in rat slices.5. Slices from all three species, when incubated with concentrations of ouabain that were maximally effective in inhibiting potassium accumulation, appeared to approach a steady-state tissue potassium content that was greatest in rat slices and least in rabbit slices. Rat slices, previously depleted of potassium, reaccumulated potassium in the presence of 10 mm-ouabain to reach this steady-state potassium content.6. Despite superficial appearance to the contrary (especially in the case of rat slices) these results are consistent with a major role for the conventional pump in controlling cortical cell volume. They do not provide evidence for the postulate that renal cortical cells possess a separate, ouabain-insensitive mechanism regulating cell volume. PMID- 7320941 TI - Orthodromic production of non-cholinergic slow depolarizing response in the superior cervical ganglion of the rabbit. AB - 1. A late slow depolarization in the rabbit superior cervical ganglion, recorded extracellularly as ;late late negative' (l.l.n.) response, can be elicited by suitably repetitive stimulation of cervical sympathetic nerve. The l.l.n. response is not blocked by strong nicotinic, muscarinic or adrenergic antagonists; it appears with latencies in seconds, rise times in minutes, durations of up to 20 min or more, and extracellular amplitudes that can exceed 1 mV when recorded in an air-gap chamber.2. The l.l.n. component is a graded post synaptic response that decreases with a length constant similar to those of the known p.s.p.s (fast e.p.s.p., slow i.p.s.p., and slow e.p.s.p.). This and its other characteristics indicate that the l.l.n. response is neuronally generated and represents a non-cholinergic late slow depolarization. The term ;slow slow e.p.s.p.' is suggested for this response, to replace both ;slow depolarization' and ;late slow e.p.s.p.'.3. The amplitudes, evaluated relative to the compound action potentials, and the durations of l.l.n. responses recorded from intact neurones of rabbit superior cervical ganglion were considerably greater and more consistently producible than the non-cholinergic slow depolarizations recorded by others from impaled neurones of guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion.4. The l.l.n. response does not exhibit the special sensitivity to sodium azide previously found for the muscarinic ;late negative' or slow e.p.s.p. response.5. The total number of orthodromic volleys is the chief determinant of the amplitude and duration of the l.l.n. response. Increases in pulse frequency, with no change in pulse number, exert only a minor influence on amplitude and duration of the l.l.n. response but can markedly decrease latency and rise time.6. Even very low pulse frequencies (e.g. 1/sec) are almost as effective as higher frequencies if a sufficiently large number of stimulus pulses is applied.7. The features of orthodromic production of the l.l.n., slow slow e.p.s.p. response, as well as the amplitudes and durations of this depolarization, indicate that this non cholinergic post-synaptic response could, like the muscarinic slow e.p.s.p., play a significant role in mediating physiological activities of sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7320942 TI - Effects of histamine, high potassium and carbachol on 42K efflux from longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig intestine. AB - 1. Shortening and rate of loss of (42)K were studied in strips of longitudinal muscle taken from guinea-pig ileum.2. Carbachol, histamine and raising the external potassium concentration, [K(+)](o), to 120 mm in the presence of atropine caused equal maximal shortenings of the muscle, but unequal maximal increases in (42)K efflux: maximal (42)K effluxes obtainable in response to raised [K(+)](o) and histamine were about (2/3) and (1/3) respectively of the maximal efflux in response to carbachol. In the absence of atropine the increase in (42)K efflux produced by 120 mm-[K(+)](o) was about 50% larger, probably because of the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings in the tissue.3. If inhibitors of histamine metabolism were applied, or a H(2)-receptor blocker (cimetidine), the maximum (42)K efflux produced by histamine was not increased. An analogue of histamine reputed to resist metabolic degradation did not produce a larger increase in (42)K efflux than histamine. The smaller maximal effect of histamine on (42)K efflux than carbachol may be because it can open fewer ion channels in the smooth muscle membrane.4. The ratio of the concentrations producing 50% maximal shortening and 50% maximal (42)K efflux was about 1:1.3 for raised [K(+)](o) but about 1:20 for histamine and carbachol. Depolarization by raising [K(+)](o) appears to be less effective in causing tension development than similar depolarizations produced by carbachol or histamine.5. The relative effects of carbachol, histamine and raised [K(+)](o) were discussed in the light of their similar depolarizing actions. Increases in (42)K efflux did not appear to be caused primarily either by contraction or by depolarization of the muscle. Access of the stimulant to cells and receptors other than those which are superficially situated was suggested as being an important factor in deciding the smaller increase in (42)K efflux seen with some stimulants. Histamine receptors may be fewer in number than muscarinic receptors and less able in their activated form to open channels through which potassium ions can escape. PMID- 7320943 TI - The release of biologically active secretin-like immunoreactivity into duodenal lumen of dogs. AB - 1. Immunoreactive secretin in the duodenal contents was determined in four conscious and four anaesthetized dogs in which hydrochloric acid (0.1 N) was infused into the duodenum at 2.2 ml./min. In the conscious dogs, immunoreactive secretin concentration in duodenal juice increased from 5-7 to 40-60 ng/ml. after infusion of HCl. In anaesthetized dogs, luminal immunoreactive secretin concentration increased from 2-3 to 12-16 ng/ml. after acid infusion. In both groups of dogs, a 20- to 30-fold increase in the total output of luminal immunoreactive secretin was observed. 2. Duodenal juice collected from anaesthetized dogs after diversion of both bile and exocrine pancreatic secretion was found to be the only source of luminal immunoreactive secretin. No immunoreactive secretin was found in either bile or pancreatic juice. 3. Gel filtration of the duodenal juice on a Sephadex G-50 column indicated that the immunoreactive secretin-like material in the duodenal juice possesses a molecular size similar to that of natural porcine secretin. 4. Immunoreactive secretin was partially purified from dog duodenal juice by chromatography on a SP-Sephadex column and found to be capable of stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate and water secretion in dogs. PMID- 7320944 TI - Glycine transport in human erythrocytes. AB - 1. Glycine transport in human erythrocytes was resolved into five separate components of uptake. The first and major component of uptake was transport by a high-affinity (apparent Km 25 microM) Na+- and Cl- -dependent system. This system was specific for glycine, sarcosine and proline; Br- but not I- was able to substitute for Cl-. Uptake by this route was inhibited less than 20% by the loop diuretics, bumetanide and furosemide (10(-4) M), suggesting that it was distinct from the Cl- -dependent system responsible for Na+/K+ transport. Its properties closely resembled those of the gly transport system described previously in avian erythrocytes. 2. The second uptake route was transport by the Na+-dependent, Cl- independent small neutral amino acid transport system (designated ASC). Neither NA+-dependent uptake route was present in sheep erythrocytes. 3. Two Na+ independent uptake mechanisms were also identified; first, uptake by the amino acid transport system (designated L), and secondly, SITS-sensitive uptake by the anion-exchange (band 3) transport mechanism (SITS is 4-acetamido-4'-iso thiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid, an effective inhibitor of anion transport by this route). Uptake by the latter route was increased markedly when fluxes were measured in isotonic SO42- medium or when the pH was increased. 4. At 0.2 mM extracellular glycine, the relative contributions of each of these uptake routes to the total glycine flux were 42, 11, 15 and 16% for the gly, ASC, L and band 3 systems, respectively. 5. Finally, there was a residual Na+-independent component of glycine uptake which contributed 16% of the total flux. With the exception of the gly system, all uptake routes showed a linear concentration dependence up to 2 mM-glycine. PMID- 7320945 TI - Age changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and acetylcholine receptor distribution on rat skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. Neuromuscular junctions in the sternomastoid muscles of female Lewis rats were examined in animals up to 917 d old. 2. The average number of myelinated branches of terminal axons entering a junction increased with age of the animal, up to 400 d. This change could be described by a simple kinetic model which assumed that there was no influence of age on the ability of motoneurones to produce or maintain terminal branches, but that axons could produce or maintain only a limited number of branches. 3. There was a change in the over-all junctional length with age, but there was a significant increase in the number of discrete regions of high ACh receptor density in junctions from older animals. 4. There was a gradual decrease in the number of ACh receptors per junction with age after about 500 d, and muscles from some rats older than 500 d had detectable numbers of extrajunctional ACh receptors. 5. The changes in the neuromuscular junction with increased age occurred gradually over adult life. PMID- 7320946 TI - Efferents and afferents in an intact muscle nerve: background activity and effects of sural nerve stimulation in the cat. AB - 1. The background activity was observed in gamma and alpha efferent fibres and in group I and II fibres innervating the muscle gastrocnemius lateralis or medialis. The reflex effects of ipsilateral and contralateral sural nerve stimulations on the muscle efferents were analysed together with their consequences upon the afferents of the same muscle. The observations were made in the decerebrated cat without opening the neural loops between the muscle and the spinal cord.2. The multi-unit discharges of each category of fibres were obtained, on line, by an original electronic device (Joffroy, 1975, 1980) that sorted the action potentials from the whole electrical activity of a small branch of gastrocnemius lateralis or medialis nerve according to the direction and velocity of propagation of the potentials.3. The small nerve may be regarded as a representative sample of different functional groups of fibres conducting faster than 12 m.sec(-1) and supplying gastrocnemius muscles.4. Some gamma efferents were always tonically firing except when a transient flaccid state developed. Usually the alpha efferents were silent, probably because the muscle was fixed close to the minimal physiological length.5. Separate and selective stimulations of Abeta, Adelta and C fibres of ipsilateral and contralateral sural nerve showed that each group could induce the excitation of gamma neurones. The reciprocal inhibition period of alpha efferents during a flexor reflex was only once accompanied by a small decrease in gamma-firing.6. The reflex increase of over all frequency of gamma efferents resulted from an increased firing rate of tonic gamma neurones and from the recruitment of gamma neurones previously silent. When the gamma efferents in the small nerve naturally occurred in two subgroups, the slower-conducting subgroup (mainly composed of tonic gamma axons) was activated before the faster-conducting subgroup (mostly composed by gamma axons with no background discharge). Some rare exceptions were found, however.7. The selective activation of gamma efferents could be obtained with short-and low-frequency stimulation. When, with stronger stimulations, gamma-alpha co-activation was observed, the onset of the gamma-firing increase preceded by 100-600 msec that of the alpha discharge in the small nerve. Likewise, the onset of the gamma-efferent response preceded the increase of over-all electromyographic activity of the whole triceps muscle but only by 10-100 msec. The discrepancy could be due to the soleus alpha motoneurones being activated earlier than the alpha-motoneurones of gastrocnemius muscle, according to the size principle. In only one experiment, the alpha-firing onset preceded the gamma-firing increase.8. Stimulations of ipsilateral or contralateral nerve, whatever the alpha or gamma reflex patterns, always led to increased firing rates of group I and II fibres of the small nerve. The origins of the discharge of group I and II muscle afferents and the excitation mechanisms of the receptors involved are considered. Some aspects of the mechanism of the reflex control of movement are discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 7320947 TI - Metabolism of alpha-glyceryl ethers by Crithidia fasciculata. I. Study of the in vivo degradation of exogenous chimyl and batyl alcohols. AB - [14C] chimyl and [3H] batyl alcohols were added to Crithidia fasciculata cultures during the mid-log phase of cell growth, and the lipid extracts of the cells were analyzed for degradation products. C. fasciculata cells were able to take up exogenous glyceryl ethers, and in amounts as high as the endogenous lipid content. The glyceryl ether taken up by the cells was incorporated into lipids either prior to the ether bond cleavage or after degradation to fatty acid. The extent of degradation and the degree of incorporation of degradation products into cellular lipid were higher for chimyl than for batyl alcohol. Batyl alcohol was not metabolized efficiently, leading to the formation of large intracellular pools of free substrate. One product of glyceryl ether degradation was identified as alkyl-dihydroxy acetone, and was detected inside and outside of the cells. The data strongly suggest that this product is the first stable intermediate in the degradation process and indicate that the extracellular formation of alkyl dihydroxy acetone is due to the action of exoenzymes secreted by the cells. The constant detection of alk-l-enyl glycerol among the degradation products indicates the existence of a second mechanism in C. fasciculata for converting the alkyl-to alkenyl-glycerol. PMID- 7320948 TI - In vitro cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei, T. rhodesiense, and T. gambiense. AB - A series of new in vitro systems for the cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei, T. (T.) b. rhodesiense, and T. (T.) b. gambiense was developed. The standard system consists of a feeder layer of fibroblast-like cells derived from embryos of New Zealand White rabbits (REF( or a mountain vole, Microtus montanus (MEF), with HEPES-buffered Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), with Earle's salts, supplemented with 15% inactivated rabbit serum. These two and other feeder layers were cross-checked with different sera to test for growth support of bloodstream forms of the three trypanosome subspecies studied. Cultures could be initiated with bloodstream forms from mammalian hosts or from cryopreserved stabilates. Metacyclic forms from infected Glossina m. morsitans could also be sued as inoculum; they transformed within 6 h to bloodstream forms. Maintenance of cultures and growth properties are described in detail. Experiments were undertaken to confirm that the cultivated bloodstream forms still possess some fo the characteristic features of pleomorphic bloodstream populations. Cultivated bloodstream forms were always infective for mice, and a surface coat could be demonstrated by electron microscopy. They could also be cyclically transmitted through tsetse flies, and the metacyclic forms from these flies could be brought back into culture. In vitro cloning with single bloodstream forms and metacyclic forms could be achieve with high cloning efficiency. The consumption of glucose and the production of pyruvate and lactate were determined. PMID- 7320949 TI - Observations on Giardia of budgerigars. AB - Sick budgerigars from a local aviary were found to be infected with Giardia. The trophozoites were of the Giardia duodenalis type as defined by Filice with elongate median bodies pointed on one or both ends and more or less perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Using three fixation-straining methods, and material from three birds, the length ranged from 10 to 18 micrometers and the width from 4.5 to 11 micrometers with a mean length to width ratio of 2. Attempts to culture the trophozoites in vitro from intestinal scrapings were unsuccessful. Also attempts to transmit the infection by fecal cysts to canaries and mice failed. It is proposed that the budgerigar form be called Giardia duodenalis, race psittaci. PMID- 7320950 TI - Instructions to change blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure biofeedback: their effects on diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and anxiety. PMID- 7320951 TI - Blood pressure changes during acute mental stress in hypertensive subjects using the Oxford intra-arterial system. PMID- 7320952 TI - Psychosocial factors and blood pressure in children. PMID- 7320953 TI - Psychological reactions to chronic illness-related disability as a function of its severity and type. PMID- 7320954 TI - A longitudinal study of psychosomatic symptoms in healthy 11-18 year old girls and boys. PMID- 7320955 TI - Biofeedback and instructions in the modification of total respiratory resistance: an experimental study of asthmatic and non-asthmatic volunteers. PMID- 7320956 TI - Influence of initial aerobic fitness, aerobic training and changes in aerobic fitness on personality functioning. PMID- 7320957 TI - A comparison of two methods of training husbands to assist their wives with labor and delivery. PMID- 7320958 TI - The relationship of coronary-prone behavior pattern to the health of college students at varying levels of recent life change. PMID- 7320959 TI - Growth hormone response to psychological stress after a glucose load and its genetic determination in men with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7320961 TI - Morale in coronary patients following an exercise programme. PMID- 7320960 TI - Subjective assessment and cardiovascular response to ischemic pain in young, healthy women users and non-users of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7320962 TI - Non-respiratory tuberculosis. PMID- 7320963 TI - The use of methyldopa in the elderly. PMID- 7320964 TI - Sarcoid heart disease. AB - Myocardial sarcoidosis is not a rare disease in the UK and it is still probably under-diagnosed. A high index of suspicion in necessary for diagnosis of myocardial sarcoidosis, which should be thought of in any unusual form of heart disease for which there is no adequate explanation, particularly if there are serious rhythm changes or unexplained heart failure. Mitral systolic murmurs occur frequently. Histological proof of the aetiology should be sought. The heart is frequently massively involved when other organs have little involvement. Most of these patients present with cardiac symptoms or signs and the high incidence of sudden death is disturbing. The high rate of occurrence in East Anglia is noted, and merits further study. Treatment should be energetic where indicated- but its effects are difficult to assess. This study, representing the largest single source of information on this topic, continues in the hope of shedding more light on a sinister disease. PMID- 7320965 TI - Audit in general practice. PMID- 7320966 TI - Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 7320967 TI - The role of the vascular laboratory in arterial surgery. PMID- 7320968 TI - Early carcinoma of the stomach. A ten-year survey. PMID- 7320969 TI - Cephalexin in chronic osteomyelitis. PMID- 7320970 TI - Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. A review of 280 cases. PMID- 7320971 TI - Cataract surgery in an eye camp in a developing country. PMID- 7320972 TI - Surgical treatment of irradiation injury to the large bowel. PMID- 7320973 TI - Surgical management of bleeding duodenal ulcer in children. PMID- 7320974 TI - [Oesophageal cancer extension. Diagnostic contribution and effects on therapy of computed tomography. Report on 40 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Based on a homogeneous series of 40 cases of thoracic or abdominal oesophageal cancer, of which 23 had been confirmed by operation, the authors analyse the contribution of the CT scan to the diagnosis of the extension of the cancer, and evaluate the effects on therapy of this technique. Computed tomography supplies much more precise and complete details of possible cancer extension than any other pre-operative investigation. Conducted after radiological and endoscopic examination of the oesophagus, it supplies rapid, perfectly readable, irreplaceable information on local, regional, and metastatic spread of the cancer. This only slightly aggressive examination enables evaluation of the size of the tumour and its direct relationships, effective exploration of the mediastinal and coeliac glands regions, and detection of possible pleural, pulmonary, or hepatic metastases. Its role in the decision to operate is a considerable one: true assessment of of local, regional, or metastatic extension assists the surgeon in his choice of either curative or palliative therapy. Better still, it enables a route of approach to be decided as a function of data concerning possible extension, as well as the best surgical tactic. As a support for radiotherapy or chemotherapy for this type of cancer, computed tomography greatly assists follow-up supervision. PMID- 7320975 TI - [Diagnosis of aortic aneurysm by scintigraphy and ultrasonography (author's transl)]. AB - Angioscintigraphy, performed on 50 patients suspected of aortic aneurysm and complemented by abdominal ultrasonography in 31 cases, disclosed: -- Three cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm, 2 of which were confirmed by arteriography and surgery. It was impossible to perform surgery in the third case, no arteriography was done. Strict agreement with standard thoracic images had made the angioscintigraphic diagnosis seem correct. -- Twenty-seven cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms confirmed by arteriography or surgery. Ultrasonography disclosed an abdominal aortic aneurysm in 26 cases, 20 of which were confirmed. The agreement of the two procedures in 10 unconfirmed cases (6 positive and 4 negative diagnoses) led us to consider the diagnosis as correct. Angioscintigraphy appears to be a reliable procedure for detecting thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ultrasonography is the simplest and least costly procedure for study of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7320976 TI - [Diagnostic value of selective angiography in the pancreatic affections (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of selective angiography of the coeliac axis and superior mesenteric artery was conducted in 60 patients having a pancreatic disease. The purpose of this study was to precise the frequency, the specificity and the diagnostic value of each radiological sign in malignant and non malignant pancreatic affection. In patients with cancer of pancreas, the best radiological sign are the presence of an arterial obstruction, an irregular arterial stenosis, a venous obstruction or a parenchymal hypervascularization. In patients with benign affections, the most significant signs are a regular arterial stenosis alore or associated with an arterial involvement or the association of at least two of the three following signs: regular arterial stenosis, arterial involvement and venous compression. Using this signs, a correct diagnosis can be done, a posteriori, in 82% of the malignant pancreatic affections and in 76% of the benign pancreatic disease. PMID- 7320977 TI - [Oesogastrointestinal involvement in Behcet's disease. A report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the radiological features of a patient with Behcet's disease, who had oesogastric ulcers and a terminal ileitis as major part of this clinical syndrome. The radiologic appearance of these localisations are discussed. The similarities of Behcet's disease to Crohn's disease are outlined. PMID- 7320978 TI - [Hepatic calcifications in isolated necrotizing, granulomatous hepatitis due to Brucella. A case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - A case of isolated necrotizing, granulomatous hepatitis of Brucella origin is discussed, together with 6 similar cases reported in the published literature. The clinical picture is dominated by the history of the patient (occupation, geographical location), fever, right hypochondrial pain, and altered general condition. Radiological examination shows characteristic calcifications. Diagnosis is confirmed by serology, Brucella suis usually being involved. Pathological appearances are typical : large foci of hepatic necrosis surrounded by marked inflammatory zones with histiocytic cells arranged in palisades. The only possible treatment is surgical. PMID- 7320979 TI - [Rectal localisation of carcinoid tumour by radiography (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoid tumors of the rectum are rare and their radiologic visualization is exceptional. In the series we report about an incidental finding during double contrast enema which takes the form of an expanding tumor developing inside the intestinal lumen and showing no signs of malignity. Standard investigation in the follow up of rectal carcinoid tumors showed no hepatic mestastisis, no other foci in the digestive tract and no biologic anomalies. The patient did not complain of carcinoid syndrome. Double contrast enema is the only process enabling the discovery of rectal masses so small with non negligible frequency (2% of our explorations). Whatever the radiologic aspect and localization, fibroscopic and histologic examinations are necessary in order to make an accurate diagnosis of their nature. PMID- 7320980 TI - [Urachal malformation. Clinical and radiological findings in one case (author's transl)]. AB - An exceptional case of patient urachus, reported on a 54 year-old man, has led the authors to make an up-to-date survey on this malformative pathology. 4 types can be individualized, for which the roentgen diagnosis is quite simple (intravenous urography ultrasonography, fistulography). The risk of malignant degeneration obliges, after the search for other associated malformations, surgical cure and anatomo-pathologic verification. PMID- 7320981 TI - [Hyaloretinal degeneration with osteoporosis and bone fragility. Pseudoglioma with bone fragility (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients from the same family presented hyaloretinal dysplasia (pseudoglioma) associated with osteoporosis and bone fragility. Results of clinical, ophthalmological, and radiological examinations in these three cases are described, together with those reported in the literature concerning 21 other cases of this rare autosomal-recessive affection. PMID- 7320983 TI - General practitioners and National Health Service planning. PMID- 7320982 TI - Inner cities. PMID- 7320984 TI - The rehabilitation of stroke patients. PMID- 7320985 TI - Continuing education--identifying our needs. PMID- 7320987 TI - Expectations and experience of people who consult in training practice. AB - All the patients (348) seen in one week in a training practice in Exeter were asked to complete a pair of questionnaires, one before and one after consulting, about the content of that consultation. Seventy-one per cent responded. Ninety two per cent of respondents expected to be told what was wrong with them, although 72 per cent had a "pretty good idea" of what was wrong beforehand. In the event, 76 per cent felt they had actually been told what was wrong. Sixty-one per cent sought advice or suggestions for self-help. Fifty-four per cent expected to receive, and 57 per cent received a prescription, including 14 per cent who had not expected one. Ninety-three per cent were satisfied with what took place.The nine patients who were dissatisfied had expectations which differed little from those of the rest, but their experience in the consultation differed significantly, particularly in relation to discussion, comprehension and the exchange of information. It is concluded that the need for explanatory information greatly exceeded the need for medication in this sample of people.SOME SPECIAL PROBLEMS AND DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED AMONG PEOPLE WHO CONSULTED THE TRAINEE: in particular, their consultations were less likely to be relaxed and they expected to be, and were, followed up less often than those who saw a principal. PMID- 7320986 TI - The accuracy of age-sex registers, practice medical records and family practitioner committee registers. AB - This paper presents the results of a point prevalent evaluation of the comparative reliability and validity of age-sex registers, practice medical records and family practitioner committee (FPC) registers from five teaching practices. They all exhibited similar levels of acceptable accuracy for patient names, sex and age, but the distribution of wrong addresses varied greatly: practice medical records 3.9 per cent, age-sex registers 8.2 per cent and FPC registers 17.1 per cent. The presence of a patient entry in all three registers was associated with a high degree of probability (95.3 per cent) that this individual would be a bona fide practice patient. The register population inflation rates were FPC records 5.5 per cent, practice records 9.8 per cent and age-sex registers 10.6 per cent, but there were large variations between individual practices. A statistically significant contribution to inflation rates came from the age groups 0 to 1 and 21 to 40 (p<0.0005). The register population deflation rates were minimal. The significance of these findings is discussed and the need for practices to determine the accuracy of their individual age-sex registers is stressed. A convenient and economic method for so doing is suggested. We also suggest ways of making it easier to construct and use age-sex registers, since they can be a most versatile and useful aid to research in general practice. PMID- 7320988 TI - Interrogation and interview: strategies for obtaining clinical data. AB - During assessment of 55 outpatients, we recorded the numbers and kind of health problems noted during an open-ended interview and during an ;interrogation' based on a structured questionnaire. The combined strategies (interviews and questionnaires) identified a total of 269 problems which were clinically important (i.e. needed medical attention). One hundred and ninety-eight of these problems (74 per cent) were identified by the open-ended interview. Thirtyeight (14 per cent) were identified only by the interview, 71 (26 per cent) only by the questionnaire. We observed that few of the problems detected only by questionnaire were acted upon and that they were therefore only marginally important; most of the problems noted only during interview did lead to further medical action and so were unequivocally of clinical importance. Our data suggest that an open-ended interview, undertaken with the intention of identifying all the patient's health problems, detects those problems well. The routine addition of a lengthy interrogation adds little and is therefore unnecessary. PMID- 7320990 TI - Why not monitor our patients for adverse effects of drugs? PMID- 7320989 TI - The prevention of adverse drug reactions--a potential role for pharmacists in the primary care team? AB - Medication record cards were kept for 1,366 patients over a three-year period at a neighbourhood pharmacy in north-west London. Eighty-six potential adverse drug reactions were detected. In 53 cases the general practitioner changed the prescription after being contacted by the pharmacist. In a further 15 cases advice intended to reduce the likelihood of an adverse drug reaction was given to the patients by the pharmacist. Seventy-six errors on prescriptions were also detected; these were mainly unintended changes in dose or strength of medication. Pharmacists could have a useful role to play in monitoring for potential drug reactions in general practice. Closer collaboration between the two professions would be of mutual benefit. PMID- 7320991 TI - Hayfever. PMID- 7320992 TI - Delayed abruption after maternal trauma as a result of an automobile accident. PMID- 7320993 TI - Perihepatic adhesions in infertility patients with prior pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - At the time of laparoscopic examination performed for the evaluation of infertility, 55 patients with hydrosalpinges were identified. Perihepatic "violin string" adhesions suggestive of a prior episode of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome were seen in 15 of these patients. Of 13 patients with proximal tubal obstruction and 7 patients with periadnexal adhesions and patent fallopian tubes, none of whom had surgical procedures or endometriosis, none were noted to have perihepatic adhesions. No patients with perihepatic adhesions had symptoms referable to the liver. PMID- 7320994 TI - Antilymphoma immunity caused by challenge with chemically modified lymphoma membranes: parameters of immunization. PMID- 7320995 TI - Immunization and complement interaction in host defense against murine Cryptococcosis. PMID- 7320996 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte transformation and microtubule assembly by quinone metabolites of benzene: evidence for a common mechanism. PMID- 7320997 TI - Phagocytosis and acid phosphatase activity of the phagocytic cells in the ia (Osteopetrotic) rat. PMID- 7320998 TI - Comparative study of the adherence of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages, and of blood monocytes to methyl methacrylate, polyethylene, stainless steel, and vitallium. PMID- 7320999 TI - Fibronectin as a co-factor necessary for optimal granulocyte phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7321000 TI - Macrophage accumulation in transplanted tumors is not dependent on host immune responsiveness or presence of tumor-associated rejection antigens. PMID- 7321001 TI - The rehabilitation process and older people. PMID- 7321002 TI - Rehabilitation of mentally ill older adults. PMID- 7321003 TI - Communication skills training for rehabilitation counselors working with older persons. PMID- 7321004 TI - Leisure counseling for disabled older persons. PMID- 7321005 TI - Sexuality and the elderly: obstacles and options. PMID- 7321006 TI - Independent living and older people. PMID- 7321007 TI - The best is yet to be: rehabilitation programming in a retirement community. PMID- 7321008 TI - Legislation affecting rehabilitation of older people: present and future. PMID- 7321009 TI - Hyperthermia -- a treatment method for cancer? PMID- 7321010 TI - Sense about wisdoms? PMID- 7321011 TI - Aspects of technology in anaesthesia. PMID- 7321012 TI - Detection and natural progression of early oesophageal carcinoma: preliminary communication. AB - Twenty-three cases of untreated early carcinoma of the oesophagus are described. The detection and observation on the natural progression of these early carcinomas were performed by means of abrasive cytology, barium oesophagography, and/or fibreoptic oesophagoscopy. Eleven cases had developed late carcinoma in a mean of 55.5 +/- 29.0 months after the initial detection of the disease, while in the remaining 12 cases the disease had maintained its early stage of progression for 74.4 +/- 27.3 months without developing into late carcinoma. Further, of the 23 patients, 18 had lived beyond 5 years, making a natural 5-year survival rate of 78.3%. The relatively long period of dormancy at the early stage of oesophageal carcinoma might thus influence the 5-year survival rate of this disease currently treated by surgery. PMID- 7321013 TI - Essential design considerations for microporous implants: preliminary communication. AB - The introduction of microporous metallic implants into which bone can grow to stabilize the implant has necessitated considerable work prior to clinical studies. Ten years of bench and animal testing have resulted in a clinically available prosthesis with a multilayer porous coating with a pore size of 50-300 mu. Initial clinical trials with a 50-100 mu hip prosthesis indicated the necessity to increase the pore size to 300 mu and clinical studies of such prostheses are at present underway. PMID- 7321014 TI - Experience with extracapsular extraction and binkhorst 2-loop intraocular lenses: preliminary communication. AB - Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Binkhorst 2-loop intraocular lens were performed on 50 patients. The majority of the patients achieved a corrected postoperative acuity of 6/9. Operative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative complications are discussed. The commonest postoperative complication was the formation of a dense capsular membrane which required capsulotomy in 9 patients. Suggestions are put forward for improving the result of this rewarding operation. PMID- 7321015 TI - Sodium excess or potassium lack as a cause of hypertension: a discussion paper. PMID- 7321016 TI - Calcified cystic adenocarcinoma of the kidney. PMID- 7321017 TI - Hypopigmented sarcoidosis. PMID- 7321018 TI - Successful treatment of infertility due to retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 7321019 TI - Post-traumatic syndrome. PMID- 7321020 TI - Value of anticoagulants in treatment of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7321021 TI - Possibility of opioid and anti-opioid system. PMID- 7321022 TI - High levels of creatine phosphokinase in untreated myxoedema. PMID- 7321023 TI - The theory of the direct-view confocal microscope. AB - A theory is presented which describes imaging in both conventional and scanning microscopes. This theory embraces conventional microscopes with partially coherent source and scanning microscopes with partially coherent effective source and detector, including confocal microscopes. The theory is applicable to the direct-view confocal microscope of Petran, the design of which is discussed. This microscope combines the resolution and depth discrimination improvements of confocal microscopy with the ease of operation of the conventional microscope. PMID- 7321024 TI - Quantitative studies and theoretical analysis of the performance of the scintillation electron-detector. AB - The performance of the scintillation electron-detector is evaluated in terms of the output signal-to-noise ratio and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). An expression is presented which relates the statistical behaviour of each section of the detector in the STEM configuration to the DQE of the whole system and which also relates this DQE to the detector output signal. This expression is employed to correlate quantitatively the data measured using three types of scintillator under various operating conditions and also during scintillator deterioration caused by electron irradiation. It is shown that the influence of changes in design parameters on the DQE can then be predicted. PMID- 7321025 TI - Isolated heart myocytes: ultrastructural case study technique. AB - We have developed a method for performing case studies of heart muscle cells enzymatically isolated from the ventricular walls of rats that is a simple and inexpensive adaptation of procedures developed for the examination of monolayers of attached, cultured cells. The technique represents a marked departure from published accounts of electron microscopic studies of pellets or monolayers from a population of potentially heterogeneous isolated myocytes. Here we report the method, which we have used under controlled conditions with 0 mmol and 1 mmol added CaCl2, to correlate sarcomere length and electrical stimulatibility in the living state with ultrastructural features that include the relative disposition of myofilaments and the integrity of the cell coat. The degree of shrinkage during the preparative steps in less than 5%, as directly determined from photographs of striations in the living, fixed, and embedded states. PMID- 7321026 TI - Specimen heating during sputter-coating. AB - It is possible to sputter thin films of gold on to surfaces of frozen biological specimens at very low temperatures (less than 120 K) without untoward effects from heating. This is achieved by using permanent magnets to confine the plasma and thus to minimize the energy required to give a reasonable sputtering yield. The system described uses only 250 V at 12-15 mA to give 15 nm films within 2-3 min. It is shown, from theory portraying 'worst-case' conditions, that the specimen temperature could not increase by more than 6.0 K at equilibrium. Practical results support the theoretical assumptions. Similar considerations have been applied to sputtering at normal ambient temperature where it is shown that appropriate design of simple apparatus and selection of operational conditions can give adequate films in a reasonable time with negligible (less than 3 K) temperature rise above the starting temperature. PMID- 7321027 TI - The measurement of cell volume and surface area by SEM photogrammetry. AB - The problem of measuring singly the volumes and surface areas of macrophages with their complex and variable morphology was dealt with by the photogrammetric analysis of stereoscopic SEM micrographs. The reproducibility of these measurements was found to be greater than 95%, using the most basic stereophotogrammetric technique. PMID- 7321028 TI - The use of high resolution microscope photometry in the discrimination of chromosome bands. AB - High resolution microscope photometry was used to discriminate between regions of differing density along the length of a banded metaphase chromosome. It has been demonstrated that photometry can be performed on such material to give a higher level of effective resolution than has hitherto been obtained. Using conventional visible light microscope photometry it is possible to obtain useful comparative densitometric information from measurements performed at a point separation equivalent to 0.05 micrometer in the object plane. The practical details of the equipment employed and the theoretical basis of the study are discussed. PMID- 7321029 TI - Continuous recording of microvascular dimensions with a rotating mirror microscope. AB - A system which permits continuous recording of the dimensions of microscopic blood vessels is described. The system uses a combination of a rotating mirror and a pinhole aperture with a microscope to scan microvessel image signals at a rate of one per second. Image signals from the gate circuit are converted to digital signals; further conversion to analogue signals is obtained by integrating the digital signals. The analogue voltages are proportional to the vessel dimensions. A linear relationship was observed over a range of 20-200 micrometer (standard deviation +/- 3.0%). The contrast between vessels and surrounding tissue is amplified by using a B-12 optical filter. By using this system, the mesenteric arteriole was observed after reaction with adrenaline and noradrenaline in rats. The contractile response of the arteriole to adrenaline was greater than with noradrenaline. A maximum response of 20% decrease of the vessel outer diameter is induced by 5.5 x 10(-7) mmol adrenaline and 5.9 x 10(-6) mmol noradrenaline. PMID- 7321030 TI - Modified development to improve the performance of AR10 stripping emulsions for use with the more energetic isotopes. AB - Gold latensification of the image to increase the efficiency of the more energetic isotopes, such as 14 carbon, has been used before for liquid emulsions, with mild developers, but never successfully with AR10 stripping emulsion. This paper describes the performance of different developers and assesses their ability to suppress background fog on Kodak AR10 emulsion. A 14 carbon source was used and the effect of gold latensification was examined. Kodak D19, an efficient Metol/hydroquinone developer, could be usefully modified by altering the sodium carbonate and sulphite contents (D19 A/S). This developer discriminated well against the background with AR10 emulsion, producing a far better signal:background ratio than Kodak D19. A pretreatment in aurous thiocyanate for 4 min before development in D19 A/S for 4 min at 291 K increased the signal:background ratio by 200% compared with ordinary development in Kodak D19. When gold latensification was used with D19 developer, the signal was increased, but not more than with D19 A/S, and the gain was offset by the intense background that resulted. PMID- 7321031 TI - A simple method for whole-cell preparation in electron microscopy. AB - A simple method for whole-cell preparation without using gold or platinum grids as substrata for culture is described. Cells were cultured on formvar film over round pores, each 3 mm in diameter, of Thermonox coverslips. The cells on the formvar coated coverslip are fixed, stained, dehydrated in situ, and introduced into a critical point drying apparatus. A small quantity of 0.2% mesh-cement is applied to slot grids, and they are laid onto the formvar film over the pores of the coverslip. After the grids are removed from the plastic substratum, they are ready for observation under the electron microscope. PMID- 7321032 TI - A general-purpose microcomputer program for stereological data collection and processing. PMID- 7321033 TI - The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. AB - The nature of individual coping responses to stressful life events was explored in a representative adult community sample. Two approaches to the classification of coping strategies were operationalized. Using these measures, small but significant gender and contextual differences in coping were identified. Mood and symptom levels were related to coping responses and to quantitative and qualitative measures of social resources. Measures of coping and social resources attenuated the relationship between undesirable life events and personal functioning. PMID- 7321034 TI - Limitations of behavioral treatment of obesity: review and analysis. AB - Over 200 articles have been published describing behavior modification programs for weight reduction. We reviewed the group studies that reported weight data at least 1 year posttreatment. Evaluating these studies, we concluded that although changes in weight do occur, these changes are almost always clinically small, variability among patients is large, and further weight losses do not occur following the end of formal treatment. The weight lost during treatment may be explained by changes in specific eating behaviors caused by therapist contact rather than the effect of self-applied behavioral techniques on eating. Support for the effectiveness of each of the specific techniques to produce lasting weight loss or behavioral change was also lacking. Suggestions for future research in this area are given. PMID- 7321035 TI - Family history of hypertension, gender, and cardiovascular reactivity and stereotypy during stress. AB - Thirty subjects with a family history of hypertension and 28 subjects without such a history performed a Stroop Color-Word Interference task, a mental arithmetic task (serial subtraction of sevens), and a shock avoidance task (repeating digits backward while expecting to be shocked for mistakes). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded while subjects anticipated, undertook, and recovered from the shock avoidance task and undertook and recovered from the Stroop and mental arithmetic tasks. It was found that compared to nonfamily history subjects, family history subjects manifested reliably greater cardiovascular reactivity during each task and in anticipation of the shock avoidance task. These results are congruent with the notion that excessive sympathetic nervous system reactivity-possibly genetically determined is involved in the development of some form of essential hypertension. Further, the results indicated that family history subjects manifested greater consistency, or stereotypy, of cardiovascular response across the experimental tasks than nonfamily history subjects. The possible role of cardiovascular stereotypy in the development of essential hypertension is also discussed. PMID- 7321036 TI - A method to increase compliance to exercise regimens in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - A hand exerciser with an electronic counter and a visual display was used to measure compliance objectively, to investigate the effects of visual feedback on compliance, and to assess the impact of exercise on seven mild and five moderate rheumatoid arthritis patients. A multiple time-series design varying the onset of the visual display was utilized. Compliance was assessed weekly over the 7 weeks of the study. Pretest and posttest measures of various indicators of hand functioning were taken by an occupational therapist. Visual display of the number of exercises completed decreased the number of noncompliant patients from six to two, with the maximum degree of noncompliance reduced from 44 to 5%. Thus the use of visual display is effective in producing compliance to exercise regimens. In light of the small sample size, however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the effects of exercise on hand functioning. PMID- 7321037 TI - The relationship of physiological responses to the coronary-prone behavior pattern in children. AB - Forty-one male and female children were tested for Type A (coronary-prone) behavior using the Bortner test and the MYTH questionnaire. Based on their classification as A or B, three physiological variables were compared: systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) (phasic, tonic, and variability), and skin conductance (SC) (magnitude and latency of responses, number of spontaneous responses) during a 3-min rest period, a 10-min unsignaled reaction time (RT), and a 10-min word task. When using the Bortner to classify groups, Type As showed a tendency toward higher SBP levels and greater SBP reactivity to tasks, and significantly greater HR levels, HR reactivity to tasks, HR variability during rest, and SCR magnitude to RT signals. When using the MYTH, Type A females showed larger increases in SBP and HR to tasks, a lower mean HR, and a faster RT. Type A males showed a higher mean HR. Thus, children classified as Type A resemble Type A adults when compared on physiological responses to stress; however, the results depend on the method used to determine Type A behavior. PMID- 7321039 TI - Validation of the weight reduction treatment package for the retarded. PMID- 7321038 TI - Psychological correlates of the type A behavior pattern. AB - Psychological characteristics of 384 adult males classified as Type A or Type B by the structured interview were examined. Subjects classified Type A differed significantly from subjects classified Type B on a number of psychological scales including measures of aggression, autonomy, extroversion, and impulsiveness but not on measures of psychological distress. The extent to which pencil and paper questionnaire assessments of Type A differ from structured interview ratings was also studied. Correlations between the various Type A questionnaire scales and the structured interview were found to be notably low. The use of Type A questionnaires and implications for Type A interventions are discussed. PMID- 7321040 TI - Oral health behavior research: review and new directions. Introduction. PMID- 7321041 TI - Some themes, perspectives, and opinions on a National Research Conference on Oral Health Behavior. PMID- 7321042 TI - Isolation of a nuclear ribonucleoprotein fraction from chick oviduct containing ovalbumin messenger RNA sequences. PMID- 7321043 TI - A multiple site hypothesis for the interaction of steroid hormone receptors with the ovalbumin gene. PMID- 7321044 TI - Influence of diverse gene 43 DNA polymerases on the incorporation and replication in vivo of 2-aminopurine at A X T base-pairs in bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7321045 TI - X-ray diffraction study of tail-tubes from bacteriophage T2L. PMID- 7321046 TI - Structure of alkaline phosphatase with zinc/magnesium cobalt or cadmium in the functional metal sites. PMID- 7321047 TI - Nickel is released from the ischemic myocardium and contracts coronary vessels by a Ca-dependent mechanism. PMID- 7321048 TI - The influence of ATP depletion on the action of phospholipase C on cardiac myocyte membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7321049 TI - Effects of calcium overload on relaxation in cultured heart cells. PMID- 7321050 TI - Impaired myocardial performance and response to calcium in experimental alcoholic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7321051 TI - Macrophages and methylthio groups in lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Macrophages are shown to replace methylthio disulfides in supporting in vitro proliferation of three cell lines previously characterized as methylthio dependent. Macrophages have the capacity to generate methylthio groups from methylthioadenosine. It is hypothesized that macrophages stimulate cell proliferation both in normal immune systems and in certain cancers by providing an abundance of methylthio groups. Fetal calf serum is shown to contain methylthio groups. It appears that, in cell cultures containing fetal calf serum, sulfhydryl compounds stimulate cell proliferation by making the methylthio groups in the serum available to the cells. PMID- 7321052 TI - Microchemical instrumentation. AB - A number of cell surface molecules of great theoretical and practical importance simply cannot be obtained in amounts sufficient for molecular analysis using conventional methods and instrumentation. Because of our interest in such studies, we began about eight years ago to explore the possibility of developing new instrumentation for the sequence analysis of very small quantities of polypeptide chains. These efforts have led to the development of two microsequenators which employ one thousandth to one ten-thousandth the material used in the original sequenator described by Per Edman. In addition, in conjunction with the explosion of recombinant DNA techniques, we also have begun to develop instrumentation for the sequence analysis and synthesis of DNA molecules. In this paper we describe briefly several new instruments that have been developed at Caltech. We believe this new instrumentation in conjunction with the recombinant DNA and hybridoma technologies will provide unique opportunities to analyze cell-surface molecule in the years ahead. PMID- 7321053 TI - Glycoprotein differences among cells of the 14-day embryonic chick neural retina. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that the progressive layering and differentiation of cell types during the development of the neural retina are associated with cell surface alterations we have separated distinct cell populations from the 14 day embryonic chick retina. Cells of these populations have been shown to differ in associative behavior and intramembrane particle content. We now report that these cells differ in cell surface glycoproteins. Proteins were labeled with two different extrinsic labels and one metabolic label. We used enzymatic transfer to galactose from UDP-gal to cellular acceptors, and borotritide reduction after galactose oxidation as extrinsic labels. Glucosamine incorporation was used as the metabolic label. In all these cases, we were able to identify bands on electrophoretic gels which were unique to individual populations. PMID- 7321054 TI - Association dynamics and lateral transport in biological membranes. AB - A theoretical analysis is presented for the interrelated effects of lateral diffusion and a simple form of molecular association (A + B in equilibrium with C) in biological membranes. Expression are derived for the characteristic functions measured in fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching experiments, corresponding to both the Fourier transform analysis of concentration in a plane and the normal mode analysis for a spherical surface. The results are related to the reputed binding of integral membrane proteins to submembranous cytoskeletal elements. PMID- 7321055 TI - Neuronal differentiation in cultures of weaver (wv) mutant mouse cerebellum. AB - In the present study we report for the first time a weaver (wv) gene dose effect on neuron survival and neurite formation in vitro. Dissociated cerebellar cells from postnatal 7- and 8-day-old normal (+/+), heterozygous weaver (+/wv) and homozygous weaver (wv/wv) mice were cultured as monolayers on poly-L-lysine coated glass. Cell death occurred rapidly in wv/wv cultures. Cell counts showed that less than 20% of the total neurons and neuronal precursors (identified by "birthday" radiolabeling techniques) survived by Day 3. Cell death was less extensive in +/wv cultures with 65% of the total neurons and 80% of the precursors surviving by Day 3. In contrast to wv/wv cultures, younger neurons survive better than the total population in +/wv cultures. The impairment of neurite formation over the first week is also proportional to the number of mutant genes as shown by quantitation of (a) the percentage of cells with neurites; (b) the percentage of cells with neurites of a given length class ith time; (c) the lengths of the longest process formed per cell. The mean longest neurite lengths obtained by computer digitization at 6 days in vitro were 41.8, 26.8, and 9.0 micron for +/+, +/wv, and wv/wv granule cells, respectively. PMID- 7321056 TI - Unscheduled synthesis of DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) in human fibroblasts following DNA damage. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis has been measured in human fibroblasts under conditions of reduced rates of conversion of NAD to poly)ADP-ribose). Cells heterozygous for the xeroderma pigmentosum genotype showed normal rates of UV induced unscheduled DNA synthesis under conditions in which the rate of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis was one-half the rate of normal cells. The addition of theophylline, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, to the culture medium of normal cells blocked over 90% of the conversion of NAD to poly(ADP-ribose) following treatment with UV or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine but did not affect the rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis. PMID- 7321057 TI - Structural analysis of fibronectin with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The reactivity of six monoclonal antibodies with fragments of fibronectin produced with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Staphylococcus aureaus V8 protease is described. All these antibodies reacted with fragments derived from the C terminal one-third of fibronectin. This region probably contains sites for the binding of fibronectin to cells, and to heparin and may also contain active sites for the reattachment, spreading, and alignment of transformed cells. Analysis of the reactivities of different sets of proteolytic fragments with the antibodies and with other ligands (eg. heparin) allows one to determine overlaps between the fragments and to locate the positions of the different binding sites for antibodies and ligands. One of the antibodies has allowed us to identify a site of structural difference between cellular and plasma fibronectins from hamsters. The site recognized by this antibody is located near to, but not at, the C terminal end and does not involve carbohydrate groups. Because of its internal location in fibronectin, this difference suggests that there are probably different genes for cellular and plasma fibronectin. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful for further probing the functions present in the C-terminal regions of fibronectin and for determining their locations. PMID- 7321058 TI - Member-associated changes during erythropoiesis. On the mechanism of maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes. AB - The mature mammalian erythrocyte has a unique membranoskeleton, the spectrin actin complex, which is responsible for many of the unusual membrane properties of the erythrocyte. Previous studies have shown that in successive stages of differentiation of the erythropoietic series leading to the mature erythrocyte there is a progressive increase in the density of spectrin associated with the membranes of these cells. An important stage of this progression occurs during the enucleation of the late erythroblast to produce the incipient reticulocyte, when all of the spectrin of the former cell is sequestered to the membrane of the reticulocyte. The reticulocyte itself, however, does not exhibit a fully formed membranoskeleton. In particular, the in vitro binding of multivalent ligands to specific membrane receptors on the reticulocyte was shown to cause a clustering of some fractions of these ligand-receptor complexes into special mobile domains on the cell surface. These domains of clustered ligand-receptor complexes became invaginated and endocytosed as small vesicles. By immunoelectron microscopic experiments, these invaginations and endocytosed vesicles were found to be specifically free of spectrin on their cytoplasmic surfaces. These earlier findings then raised the possibility that the maturation of reticulocytes to mature erythrocytes in vivo might involve a progressive loss of reticulocyte membrane free of spectrin, thereby producing a still more concentrated spectrin actin membranoskeleton in the erythrocyte than in the reticulocyte. This proposal is tested experimentally in this paper. In vivo reticulocytes were observed in ultrathin frozen sections of spleens from rabbits rendered anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment. These sections were indirectly immunolabeled with ferritin-antibody reagents directed to rabbit spectrin. Most reticulocytes in a section had one or more surface invaginations and one or more intracellular vesicles that were devoid of spectrin labeling. The erythrocytes in the same sections did not exhibit these features, and their membranes were everywhere uniformly labeled for spectrin. Spectrin-free surface invaginations and intracellular vesicle were also observed with reticulocytes within normal rabbit spleens. Based on these results, a scheme for membrane remodeling during reticulocyte maturation in vivo is proposed. PMID- 7321059 TI - Factors implicated in determining the structure of zinc tubulin-sheets: lateral tubulin-tubulin interaction is promoted by the presence of zinc. AB - Addition of increasing amounts of zinc to a cold microtubule protein solution results in the disappearance of 30 S oligomer found in the absence of that cation and in the appearance of new tubulin oligomers, 90 S and 23 S. When a microtubule protein solution is warmed in the presence of zinc, tubulin-sheets are assembled. We have tested the influence of microtubule associated proteins and the zinc:tubulin ratio on the polymerization process. Depletion of microtubule associated proteins results in wider and longer tubulin-sheets than those polymerized in the presence of microtubule associated proteins. However by increasing zinc concentration wider but shorter tubulin-sheets were found. These results suggest that microtubule associated proteins and zinc could promote nucleation of tubulin-sheets, but zinc also promotes lateral tubulin-tubulin interaction. This interpretation was confirmed when microtubule protein was assembled at a low zinc:tubulin ratio. In such conditions composite structures of microtubules and zinc tubulin-sheets are formed. These composite structures are consequence of a lateral attachment of a zinc tubulin-sheet on a microtubule protofilament. PMID- 7321060 TI - Flow of glucose carbon into cholesterol and phospholipids in various regions of the adult rat brain: enhanced incorporation into hypothalamic phospholipids. AB - The contribution of glucose carbon to the biosynthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids in distinct brain regions was studied quantitatively in the adult male rat. Rates of flow of glucose carbon into the lipids in vivo were calculated from two measurements: the curve representing the decrease in plasma 14C-glucose with time and the specific activity of the cerebral lipid 180 minutes after a rapid intravenous injection of a tracer dose of D-U 14C-glucose. The following brain regions were studied: cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, medulla, and corpus callosum and cerebellum. The values for carbon flow into phospholipids were significantly higher in the hypothalamus than in the whole brain, whereas small, but insignificant, regional differences were found for carbon flow into cholesterol. The conversion of U-14C-glucose to individual phospholipids of both hypothalamus and cerebral cortex was further investigated in vitro in order to establish whether the higher rate of carbon flow into hypothalamic phospholipids resulted from enhanced synthesis of a particular phospholipid. In agreement with the results obtained in vivo, the rate of incorporation of 14C into total phospholipids was 60% higher in hypothalamic tissue. The results indicate that the higher rate of carbon flow into hypothalamic phospholipids might be attributed to enhanced incorporation of glucose carbon to phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine following a faster conversion of glucose to glycerol in this brain region. PMID- 7321061 TI - Laminar distribution of cholinergic markers in neocortex: effects of lesions. AB - The distribution of presynaptic markers for cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the various layers of the lateral neocortex was determined with a technique in which sections of increasing depth horizontal to the pial surface were obtained on a frozen-stage microtome and analyzed for the markers. The specific activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase had an uneven distribution in the cortex with lowest levels of activity associated with lamina II and III, whereas glutamate decarboxylase activity was highest in lamina II, III, and IV. Fetally-induced hypoplasia of the cortex resulted in an enrichment in both choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activity in all layers with no significant change in the activity of glutamate decarboxylase. Lesion of the nucleus basalis-cortical cholinergic pathway resulted in marked reductions in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in all cortical layers and an elimination of the uneven distribution of these markers within the cortex. These results provide further evidence that acetylcholinesterase activity is specifically associated with cortical cholinergic afferents and support the existence of cortical intrinsic cholinergic neurons. PMID- 7321062 TI - Panel: "present use of blood and blood products.". PMID- 7321063 TI - Influence of impact velocity and chest compression on experimental pulmonary injury severity in rabbits. AB - The effect of impact velocity and displacement on pulmonary injury in rabbits was investigated by producing a series of nonpenetrating anteroposterior sternal impacts involving velocities of 5 to 18 m/s and displacements of 2 to 45 mm. Contusion of the bronchial region was dominant at impact velocities below 6 m/s and displacements above 20 mm; contusion of the alveolar region was dominant at impact velocities above 15 m/s and displacements above 2 mm. When impact velocity and displacement were high, both bronchial and alveolar regions were injured. Pulmonary injury severity, expressed as a severity index adopted from the Abbreviated Injury Scale 1976 (AIS), correlated well with impact displacement at a given velocity but poorly with the peak reactive force, impulse transfer, peak esophageal pressure, or the amount of of available energy. PMID- 7321064 TI - Percutaneous pinning of distal radius fractures. AB - Reduction of distal radius fractures is often difficult to maintain with plaster casting alone. Achieving this goal with an easily executed technique which carries a low morbidity is desirable, especially in multiply injured patients. Between July 1977 and September 1980, 24 high-energy fractures of the distal radius in 22 patients were treated by percutaneous pinning of the radial styloid fragment to the opposite radial cortex. Roentgenograms at the time of pinning and 8 weeks or more in followup demonstrating healing were available in 20 patients (22 fractures). Using a previously described method of roentgenographic grading, these cases were evaluated. At followup five fractures were felt to anatomically excellent, 16 good, and one poor. Five fractures in review were felt to be not ideally pinned and these represented three of the five fractures that lost a grade of evaluation rating during healing. One superficial pin tract infection developed and two patients complained of local pin discomfort. These complications resolved with pin removal. If guidelines for pinning are followed properly, percutaneous pinning provides a simple and useful method for maintaining reduction in unstable distal radius fractures in multiply injured patients. PMID- 7321065 TI - Knowles pinning of experimental femoral neck fractures: biomechanical study. AB - This experimental study demonstrates the rigidity and durability of Knowles pin fixation of femoral neck fractures. Embalmed proximal femora were utilized. A "fracture' was created by osteotomy, then reduced and fixed with Knowles pins. Four groups of reduction and pin configurations were created ("optimal reduction and pinning,' "poor reduction,' "inadequate pinning,' and "comminution') to simulate the clinical situation. With the Materials Testing Systems(MTS) machine, 3 months of walking by a patient with a femoral neck fracture were simulated. Results suggest that Knowles pinning of a femoral neck fracture can provide adequate support for immediate full weight-bearing ambulation until fracture healing. Stability and durability of fixation are compromised by loss of cortical bone support by "comminution,' short nonparallel pins not engaging the subchondral bone, and osteoporosis evidenced by a low Singh index. PMID- 7321066 TI - Use of the Hoffmann apparatus in myocutaneous pedicle flap. AB - The use of the Hoffmann apparatus has been extended to include primary cross-leg myocutaneous flaps. Three patients are presented with severe soft-tissue loss to the lower extremities. The Hoffmann apparatus was used for stabilization and proved to be very beneficial for neurovascular monitoring, graft and wound care, and patient comfort. PMID- 7321067 TI - Missile embolus to the lung associated with a corotid-jugular arteriovenous fistula. AB - Missile embolization to the pulmonary artery is rare. The diagnosis is suspected if a missile is seen on radiograph in a lung field without hemopneumothorax or pulmonary contusion. Treatment of the injury and embolic sites is indicted. We report a case of missile embolization to the lung associated with a carotid jugular arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7321068 TI - The clinical importance of factor XI deficiency in an Ashkenazi Jewish patient. AB - Factor XI (PTA) deficiency, a coagulopathy, has been found to be relatively common in Ashkenazi Jews. Clinically it may manifest itself by varying forms of hemorrhage including postoperative bleeding. It is recommended that all Ashkenazi Jews have a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) coagulation test before surgery in order to rule out this coagulopathy, and if the PTT is abnormal a Factor XI assay should be done to confirm the diagnosis and ensure that proper therapy can be provided. A surgical case is presented with its ensuing complications resulting form lack of such information. PMID- 7321069 TI - Today's automobile driver- can his successor be educated to be safer? PMID- 7321070 TI - Effects of low concentrations of pyrimethamine on human bone marrow cells in vitro: possible implications for malaria prophylaxis. AB - The effects of low concentrations of pyrimethamine on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in human bone marrow cells were investigated in vitro using the deoxyuridine suppression test. The results indicated that drug concentrations which are achieved in the plasma of adults receiving 25 mg pyrimethamine per week inhibited the activity of this enzyme in a proportion of the marrow samples studied. Experiments using vitamin B12- or folate-deficient marrow cells showed that these concentrations of pyrimethamine may aggravate a pre-existing impairment of the methylation of deoxyuridylate. These in-vitro findings emphasize the importance of further studies into the toxicity of pyrimethamine when this drug is used for malaria prophylaxis in malnourished individuals. PMID- 7321071 TI - Criteria for selection of communities in poor rural areas with high risk of low weight babies. AB - In planning public health activities to reduce the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW) in poor rural areas, it is necessary to identify the communities which require priority actions. The study population consisted of ten rural communities with similar characteristics. All were composed of coffee plantation workers with the same source of income, similar dwellings and dress, and all were located in the same climatic zone. However, the communities showed a variability of 72% in the incidence of LBW babies. Birth weight in the communities was significantly associated with maternal weight in the first trimester of pregnancy, daily caloric intake in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, prevalence of houses with the kitchen in the sleeping area, literacy rate and ease of access to villages. Thus the identification of communities which would require priority in public health activities can be accomplished using simple indicators. Health activities should be combined with nutrition and education programmes and improvement both of sanitary conditions and of the means of access to population centres. PMID- 7321072 TI - The effect of chronic chloroquine toxicity on blood pressure of rats. PMID- 7321073 TI - Actinomycetoma in Nigeria. PMID- 7321074 TI - Kala-azar hits again. AB - Six hundred and ninety-two cases of kala-azar were studied, all confirmed cases. Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Samsatipur and Sitamarhi were the most affected districts of Bihar. Fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, leucopenia and monocytes were the most commonly found features, whereas pigmentation of skin was found in only 4.48% of cases. Lymphadenopathy and voracious appetite were conspicious by their absence. Study of the incubation period of the disease showed that it may be as short as 24 h. Bone marrow study revealed hypoplastic marrow with increase in the cells of the monocytic series. Serum electrophoresis revealed reduction in albumin and rise in globulin, leading to decrease in A : G ratio. Tuberculin test was negative in the majority of the patients. PMID- 7321075 TI - The trend away from breast feeding in a developing country: a women's perspective. PMID- 7321076 TI - Childbearing and breast feeding a rural Bolivia-a household survey. PMID- 7321077 TI - Attitudes and beliefs concerning child care among women of Tirupati, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 7321078 TI - Plasma ascorbic acid levels in Nigerian mothers and newborn. PMID- 7321079 TI - The advantages of using a thigh circumference tape analogous to the Shakir strip for detection of malnutrition in pre-school children. PMID- 7321080 TI - Polymorphic nexuses in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. PMID- 7321081 TI - Native banded collagen fibrils in the glomerular mesangial matrix of normal human and laboratory animals. PMID- 7321082 TI - Gap junctions between Novikoff hepatoma cells following dissociation and recovery in the absence of cell contact. PMID- 7321083 TI - Analysis of gap junctions and formation plaques between reaggregating Novikoff hepatoma cells. PMID- 7321084 TI - Membrane continuities within cells and intercellular contacts in white adipose tissue of young rats. PMID- 7321085 TI - Lipolysis and lamellar structures in white adipose tissue of young rats: lipid movement in membranes. PMID- 7321086 TI - Structural changes in the cell nucleus during measles virus infection in cerebellar explants. PMID- 7321087 TI - Intranuclear cytoplasmic canal system in the oosphere nucleus of Cycas revoluta: an evidence of nucleocytoplasmic interaction. PMID- 7321088 TI - The neurosecretory axons in the neurohypophysis of the rat: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 7321089 TI - Glycoconjugates in the epidermis of Pleurodeles waltlii. PMID- 7321090 TI - Identification of renal neuroeffector junctions by electron microscopy of reembedded light microscopic autoradiograms of semithin sections. PMID- 7321091 TI - Control of adenovirus early gene expression: accumulation of viral mRNA after infection of transformed cells. AB - We studied the accumulation of viral mRNA in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis in an adenovirus type 5-transformed cell line (line 293 cells). An analysis of the endogenous viral mRNA's and proteins revealed that only early regions 1A and 1B were expressed in uninfected 293 cells. However, viral mRNA's from early regions 2, 3, and 4, as well as mRNA's from early regions 1A and 1B, accumulated in 293 cells after infection with adenovirus type 2. Cells treated with anisomycin before infection showed a drastic enhancement of mRNA from early region 4 compared with drug-free controls, This increase in viral mRNA was detected by using filter hybridization, S1 endonuclease mapping, and in vitro translation. The rate of transcription of early region 4 nuclear RNA also increased significantly in the presence of anisomycin. In contrast to the results with early region 4, the levels of cytoplasmic mRNA's from early regions 2 and 3 did not increase in cells treated with inhibitors. These results suggested that multiple virus encoded controls operate on the early regions of the adenovirus genome. PMID- 7321092 TI - Partial replication of UV-irradiated T4 bacteriophage DNA results in amplification of specific genetic areas. AB - Upon infection of Escherichia coli with bromodeoxyuridine-labeled t4 phage that had received 10 lethal hits of UV irradiation, a sizable amount of phage DNA was synthesized (approximately 36 phage equivalent units of DNA per infected bacterium), although very little multiplicity reactivation occurs. This progeny DNA was isolated and analyzed. This DNA was biased in its genetic representation, as shown by hybridization to cloned segments of the T4 genome immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. Preferentially amplified areas corresponded to regions containing origins of T4 DNA replication. The size of the progeny DNA increased with time after infection, possibly due to recombination between partial replicas and nonreplicated subunits or due to the gradual overcoming of the UV damage. As the size of the progeny DNA increased, all of the genes were more equally represented, resulting in a decrease in the genetic bias. Amplification of specific genetic areas was also observed upon infection with UV-irradiated, nonbromodeoxyuridine-substituted (light) phage. However, the genetic bias observed in this case was not as great as that observed with bromodeoxyuridine substituted phage. This is most likely due to the higher efficiency of multiplicity reactivation of the light phage. PMID- 7321093 TI - Structures of the oligosaccharides of the glycoprotein coded by early region E3 of adenovirus 2. AB - Early region E3 of adenovirus 2 encodes a glycoprotein, E3-gp25K, that is a good model with which to study structure-function relationships in transmembrane glycoproteins. We have determined the structures of the oligosaccharides linked to E3-gp25K. The oligosaccharides were labeled with [2-(3)H]mannose in adenovirus 2-early infected KB cells for 5.5h (pulse) or for 5.5 h followed by a 3-h chase (pulse-chase). E3-gp25K was extracted and purified by chromatography on DEAE Sephacel in 7 M urea, followed by gel filtration on a column of Bio-Gel A-1.5m in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. An analysis of the purified protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that it was >95% pure. The oligosaccharides were isolated by pronase digestion followed by gel filtration on a column of Bio-Gel P-6, then by digestion with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H, followed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-6, and finally by paper chromatography. The pulse sample contained equal amounts of Man(9)GlcNAc and Man(8)GlcNAc and small amounts of Man(7)GlcNAc and Man(6)GlcNAc. The pulse chase sample had predominantly Man(8)GlcNAc and much less Man(9)GlcNAc, indicating that processing of the Man(9)GlcNAc to Man(8)GlcNAc had occurred during the chase period. Thus, Man(8)GlcNAc is the major oligosaccharide on mature E3-gp25K. The structures of these oligosaccharides were established by digestion with alpha-mannosidase, methylation analysis, and acetolysis. The oligosaccharides found had typical high-mannose structures that have been observed in other membrane and soluble glycoproteins, and the branching patterns and linkages of the mannose residues of Man(9)GlcNAc were identical to those of the lipid-linked Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) donor. Thus, adenovirus 2 infection (early stages) apparently does not affect the usual cellular high-mannose glycosylation pathways, and despite being virus coded, E3-gp25K is glycosylated in the same manner as a typical mammalian cell-coded glycoprotein. PMID- 7321094 TI - Control of expression of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. AB - mRNA extracted from vaccinia virus-infected cells early after infection directs cell-free synthesis of enzymatically active viral thymidine kinase (Hruby and Ball, Virology, in press). We used this assay for a specific vaccinia virus mRNA to study the induction and repression of the viral thymidine kinase gene during infection of thymidine kinase-deficient L-cells. As observed previously by other workers, the synthesis of thymidine kinase occurred immediately after infection but was switched off after 4 h later. We observed similar kinetics of accumulation and shutoff under conditions where viral DNA synthesis and late gene expression were inhibited. Cell-free translation of mRNA from infected cells showed that the concentration of functional message for viral thymidine kinase reached a peak 3 to 4 h after infection and then decreased with a half-life of about 1 h. These kinetics indicated that significant levels of thymidine kinase mRNA persisted in cells which had stopped synthesizing the enzyme. Under conditions where late gene expression was inhibited, high concentrations of functional mRNA could be isolated from cells at late times after infection. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the repression of thymidine kinase expression is mediated at the translational level by one or more early or delayed early viral genes. Repression is accompanied by, but does not depend on, the inactivation or degradation of thymidine kinase mRNA, which is a late gene function. PMID- 7321095 TI - Characterization of two temperature-sensitive mutants of type 5 adenovirus with mutations in the 100,000-dalton protein gene. AB - Complementation analysis assigned the mutations of strains H5ts115 and H5ts116, two hexon-minus mutants, to the 100,000-dalton (100K) protein gene. Heterotypic marker rescue (i.e., type 5 adenovirus [Ad5] temperature-sensitive mutants DNA X EcoRI restriction fragments of Ad2 DNA) confirmed the results of previous marker rescue mapping studies, and the heterotypic recombinants yielded unique hybrid (Ad5-Ad2) 100K proteins which were intermediate in size between Ad5 and Ad2 proteins and appeared to be as functionally active as the wild-type 100K protein. Phenotypic characterization of these mutants showed that both the hexon polypeptides and the 100K polypeptides were unstable at the nonpermissive temperature, whereas fiber and penton were not degraded, and that the 100K protein made at 39.5 degrees C could not be utilized after a shift to the permissive temperature (32 degrees C). The role of the 100K protein in the assembly of the hexon trimer was also examined by in vitro protein synthesis. Normally, hexon polypeptides synthesized during an in vitro reaction are assembled into immunoreactive hexons. However, this assembly was inhibited by preincubation of the cell extract with anti-100K immunoglobulin G; neither anti fiber immunoglobulin G nor normal rabbit immunoglobulin G inhibited hexon assembly. It is postulated that an interaction between the 100K protein and hexon polypeptides is required for effective assembly of hexon trimers. PMID- 7321096 TI - Immunological and chemical identification of intracellular forms of adenovirus type 2 terminal protein. AB - Highly purified adenovirus type 2 terminal protein (TP) with an apparent M(r) of 55,000 (55K) was prepared in quantities of 10 to 30 mug from guanidine hydrochloride- or sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted virions (60 to 120 mg). Guinea pigs were immunized with 14 to 20 injections of TP in amounts of 1 to 2 mug. Antiserum to TP was used to study the intracellular polypeptides related to adenovirus type 2 TP. By immunoprecipitation with anti-TP serum, we identified 80K and 76K polypeptides in the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic S100 fractions of [(35)S]methionine-labeled cells early and late after infection with Ad2. By immunoautoradiographic analysis which eliminates coprecipitation of unrelated proteins, we identified an 80K polypeptide (probably an 80K-76K doublet) in unlabeled, late infected cells, using anti-TP serum and (125)I-labeled staphylococcal protein A. About two- to threefold-higher levels of the 80K and 76K polypeptides were present in the nucleoplasm than in the S100 fraction, and two- to threefold-higher levels were found in late infected cells than in early infected cells (cycloheximide enhanced, arabinofuranosylcytosine treated). We did not detect the 80K or 76K polypeptide in uninfected cells, indicating that these polypeptides are virus coded. Tryptic peptide map analysis showed that the 80K and 76K polypeptides are very closely related and that they share peptides with the DNA-bound 55K TP. Our data provide the first direct demonstration of intracellular 80K and 76K forms of TP. The intracellular 80K and 76K polypeptides are closely related or identical to the 80K polypeptide that Challberg and co workers (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5105-5109, 1980) detected at the termini of adenovirus DNA synthesized in vitro and to the 87K polypeptide that Stillman and co-workers (Cell 23:497-508, 1981) translated in vitro. We did not detect the 55K TP in early or late infected cells, consistent with the proposal by Challberg and co-workers that the 80K polypeptide is a precursor to the virion bound TP and that the conversion of the 80K polypeptide to the 55K TP occurs during virus maturation. The 80K and 76K polypeptides have many more methionine containing tryptic peptides than does the 55K TP, and most of the tryptic peptides unique to the 80K and 76K polypeptides are very hydrophobic. Thus, the conversion of the 80K and 76K polypeptides to the 55K TP may involve the removal of a specific hydrophobic protein region. PMID- 7321097 TI - Late nonstructural 100,000- and 33,000-dalton proteins of adenovirus type 2. I. Subcellular localization during the course of infection. AB - We analyzed the subcellular locations of the late adenovirus type 2 nonstructural 100,000-dalton (100K) and 33K proteins in adenovirus type 2-infected HeLa cells both by biochemical cell fractionation and by immunofluorescence microscopy, using specific antisera against purified sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured 100K and 33K polypeptides. Both methods showed that the 100K protein was present in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei of infected cells and that it accumulated in the nuclei during the course of infection. Phosphorylated 100K protein also was found both in the cytoplasm and in nuclei. However, the nuclear 100K protein pool was phosphorylated to a higher degree than the cytoplasmic pool. In all experiments the 33K protein, which also is a phosphoprotein, was present exclusively in the nuclei of infected cells. The 100K and 33K proteins were associated with different nuclear substructures; this was demonstrated serologically by an analysis of infected cells in which double color immunofluorescence microscopy was used. In these experiments antibodies against the 100K protein decorated different nuclear structures than antibodies against the 33K protein. PMID- 7321098 TI - Early RNA of adenovirus type 3 in permissive and abortive infections. AB - Early adenovirus type 3 cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNAs from HeLa and BHK-21 cells were detected and mapped on the viral genome by gel blotting and hybridization techniques. The sizes and locations of the 16 adenovirus type 3 RNAs were identical in the two cell types, although relative molarities of the various RNA species differed. Each of the early adenovirus type 3 RNAs was associated with polysomes in both cell types, suggesting that the abortive infection of hamster cells does not result from a defect in early adenovirus type 3 mRNA biosynthesis. No RNAs from regions transcribed late in infection of permissive cells were detected in BHK-21 cells. PMID- 7321099 TI - Transformation-defective mutant of adenovirus type 5 containing a single altered E1a mRNA species. AB - A mutant of adenovirus type 5 containing an octanucleotide insert in region E1a of the viral genome was constructed. The insert was present in only one (13s) of the three overlapping mRNA's synthesized from this region. The insert was within the sequences removed by RNA splicing during the production of the other two nRNA's. The insertion resulted in a shift in the translational reading frame of the 13s mRNA and the probable premature termination of translation. The mutant was defective for viral DNA replication in HeLa cells and the transformation of rat embryo and baby rat kidney cells, indicating that a product encoded by the 13s nRNA is required for these two processes. Other early regions of the genome were expressed in HeLa cells infected by this mutant although in some cases the expression was decreased as compared with wild-type-infected cells. PMID- 7321100 TI - Relationships among virus spread, cytopathogenicity, and virulence as revealed by the noncytopathic mutants of Newcastle disease virus. AB - We have studied protein synthesis in cultured cells infected with the six noncytopathic (nc) mutants of the Australia-Victoria strain (AV-WT) of Newcastle disease virus and their plaque-forming revertants. Virus-specific polypeptides accumulated at 30 to 63% of wild-type levels in nc mutant-infected cells and between 66 and 175% of wild-type levels in revertant-infected cells. An exception was the L polypeptide, which accumulated in nc mutant-infected cells at only 5 to 20% of the levels found in wild-type infection. The reduced accumulation of the L polypeptide did not appear to be due to increased degradation of that polypeptide. A new polypeptide (X) accumulated instead of polypeptide P in cells infected with mutants nc4 or nc16 and in virions released from them. Peptide mapping identified X as an altered form of P. A revertant of mutant nc4 (nc4S1), which forms larger hemadsorbing spots, but still does not form plaques, accumulated P instead of the X polypeptide. Thus, a lesion in P can affect virus spread without affecting cytopathogenicity. Virions of mutant nc7 and two naturally occurring avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NJ LaSota and B1-Hitchner) contained polypeptides (F(7) and F(A), respectively) related to, but migrating more rapidly than, F(0) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. As previously reported for avirulent strains, a brief treatment of nc7 virions with trypsin converted F(7) to F and increased infectivity. Similarly, culturing nc7-infected cells in the presence of trypsin facilitated fusion from within and viral spread from cell to cell. A plaque-forming revertant of nc7 still accumulated F(7) in virions, indicating that the lesions responsible for the F(7) and noncytopathic phenotypes are genetically separable. The virulent parental strain, AV-WT, exhibited a mean embryo death time of 42 h. Both the larger-spot forming revertant of nc4 (nc4S1) and the small-plaque-forming revertant of nc7 exhibited a decrease in mean embryo death time (increase in virulence) from 74 to 63 h. A second-step, plaque-forming revertant derived from nc4S1 (nc4S1R1) exhibited a further decrease in mean embryo death time from 63 to 44 h. The results suggest that the F(A)-F(7) and X lesions affect the ability of virus to spread from cell to cell. In addition, these lesions appear to be genetically separable from those responsible for the noncytopathic phenotype. However, both types of lesions cause an extension of mean embryo death time and, thus, may be relevant to virulence in vivo. PMID- 7321101 TI - In vitro transcription of adenovirus. AB - A series of recombinants of adenovirus DNA fragments and pBR322 was used to test the transcriptional activity of the nine known adenovirus promoters in a cell free extract. Specific initiation was seen at all five early promoters as well as at the major late promotor and at the intermediate promoter for polypeptide IX. The system failed to recognize the two other adenovirus promoters, which were prominent in vivo only at intermediate and late stages in infection. Microheterogeneity of 5' termini at several adenovirus promoters, previously shown in vivo, was reproduced in the in vitro reaction and indeed appeared to result from heterogeneous initiation rather than 5' processing. To test for the presence of soluble factors involved in regulation of nRNA synthesis, the activity of extracts prepared from early and late stages of infection was compared on an assortment of viral promoter sites. Although mock and early extracts showed identical transcription patterns, extracts prepared from late stages gave 5- to 10-fold relative enhancement of the late and polypeptide IX promoters as compared with early promoters. PMID- 7321102 TI - Monocistronic and polycistronic bacteriophage T4 gene 23 messages. AB - We studied transcription of T4 late genes by in vitro translation of size fractionated late RNA and by hybridization of T4 late RNA to plasmids containing identified T4 late genes. We identified mRNA species that coded for the late proteins gp10, gp18, gp21, gp22, gp23, and gp24. Functional mRNA's that coded for the early proteins gp32 and IPIII were also detected after fractionation of late RNA. As in preparations of early RNA, gene 32 message activity was present in two species of RNA, which had molecular weights of approximately 0.5 x 10(6) and 0.8 x 10(6), and IPIII message activity was present in multiple species of RNA. Gene 24 and gene 10 message activities migrated as single species that had approximate molecular weights of 0.5 x 10(6) and 1.2 x 10(6), respectively. mRNA activity for gp18 migrated heterogeneously. We detected multiple transcripts from gene 23 by in vitro translation and by hybridization of late RNA to plasmids containing genes 21 through 23. Both types of analysis indicated that the major gene 23 transcript had a molecular weight of 0.75 x 10(6). In addition, two gene 23 transcripts having molecular weights of about 1.0 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(6) were present; these RNA species also coded for gp21 and gp22. Physical linkage of transcripts from genes 21, 22, and 23 was demonstrated by hybridization. PMID- 7321103 TI - Bacteriophage T4 alc gene product: general inhibitor of transcription from cytosine-containing DNA. AB - The alc gene of bacteriophage T4 was originally defined on the basis of mutations which allow late protein synthesis directed by T4 DNA containing cytosine rather than hydroxymethylcytosine. The question remained whether the normal alc gene product (gpalc) also blocks the transcription of early genes from cytosine containing DNA. Complementation experiments were performed between hydroxymethylcytosine-containing phage which direct gpalc synthesis but carry mutations in a given gene(s) and cytosine-containing phage carrying that gene(s). The required protein would then have to be directed by the cytosine-containing DNA: it is looked for directly on polyacrylamide gels or through its physiological effects or both. For all early proteins examined in this way, no synthesis was observed when 95 to 100% of the hydroxymethylcytosine was substituted by cytosine in the infecting DNA, whereas there was significant synthesis with 75% substitution or less. The results indicate that gpalc is carried in with the infecting DNA or is made very early to block transcription of all cytosine-containing DNA. PMID- 7321104 TI - Semiconservative DNA replication is initiated at a single site in recombination deficient gene 32 mutants of bacteriophage T4. AB - We have investigated, by electron microscopy, replicative intermediate produced early after infection of Escherichia coli with two phage T4 gene 32 mutants (amA453 and tsG26) which replicate their parental DNA but are defective in secondary replications and in moderating the activities of recombination nucleases. Under conditions completely restrictive for progeny production, both of these mutant produced replicative intermediates, each containing a single internal loop. Both branches of these loops were double stranded; i.e., both leading and lagging strands were synthesized. The replicative intermediates of these mutants qualitatively and quantitatively resembled early replicating wild type T4 chromosomes after solitary infection of E. coli. However, in contrast to intracellular wild-type T4 DNA isolated from multiple infection, the mutant DNAs showed neither multiple branches nor multiple tandem loops. These results demonstrate that a truncated gene 32 protein which consists of less than one third of the wild-type T4 helix-destabilizing protein can facilitate the functions of T4 replication proteins, specifically those of T4 DNA polymerase and priming proteins. Our results also support the hypothesis that the generation of multiple tandem loops or branches in vegetative T4 DNA depends on recombination (Mosig et al., in B. Alberts, ed., Mechanistic Studies of DNA Replication and Genetic Recombination, p. 527-543, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1980). PMID- 7321105 TI - Mechanism of coliphage M13 contraction: intermediate structures trapped at low temperatures. AB - The filamentous coliphage M13 can be transformed into a spherical particle (termed spheroid) by exposure to an interface of water and slightly polar but hydrophobic solvent such as chloroform-water at 24 degrees C. We report here that exposure of M13 filaments to a chloroform-water interface at 2 degrees C trapped the phage particles in forms morphologically intermediate to filaments and spheroids. These structures were rods 250 nm long and 15 nm wide, and each had a closed, slightly pointed end, an open flaired end, and a hollow central channel. The final contraction of these intermediates (termed I-forms) into spheroids was dependent upon both temperature and the presence of the solvent-water interface but was apparently independent of both the minor phage coat proteins and the virion DNA. Although stable in an aqueous environment, I-forms, in contrast to filaments, were readily disrupted by detergents, suggesting that the phage structure had been altered to a form more easily solubilized by membrane lipids. These solvent-induced changes might be related to the initial steps of phage penetration in vivo. PMID- 7321106 TI - 5'-terminal deletions are a common feature of endogenous retrovirus loci located on chromosome 1 of White Leghorn chickens. AB - My previous studies demonstrated that chromosome 1 has all five of the endogenous retrovirus loci associated with nonexpression of viral proteins (gs- chf-) in White Leghorn chickens. The current study was done to localize the two defective endogenous retrovirus loci, ev3 and ev6, to determine whether nonexpression of the viral loci on chromosome 1 is a transcriptional prerequisite or a result of an underlying structural defect. The structure of ev6 is every similar to that of two other gs- chf- -associated loci, ev4 and ev5; all three contain a 5'-terminal deletion that eliminates the viral transcriptional promoter. Unlike the gs- chf- associated loci, ev6 apparently uses an adjacent cell promoter to produce high levels of viral glycoprotein. The ev6 locus was located on the long arm of chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization, thus indicating that transcription of an endogenous retrovirus locus on chromosome 1 can occur. However, the 5'-terminal deletion in several viral loci on chromosome 1, but not on other chromosomes, suggests that the deletion may result from the events that generate or maintain these loci in the White Leghorn population. The additional finding of ev3, which has an internal deletion, on a microchromosome suggests that the mechanism that produced deletions in many chromosome 1 loci is specific for the 5' terminus. PMID- 7321107 TI - Proposal for naming host cell-derived inserts in retrovirus genomes. AB - We propose a system for naming inserted sequences in transforming retroviruses (i.e., onc genes), based on using trivial names derived from a prototype strain of virus. PMID- 7321108 TI - Familial absorptive hypercalciuria in a large kindred. AB - The occurrence of calcareous renal stones in 12 members of a family was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. All 6 members with stones who were evaluated were shown to have absorptive hypercalciuria. The mother of 2 members with stones did not suffer stones but had biochemical evidence of absorptive hypercalciuria (increased intestinal calcium absorption, hypercalciuria and normal parathyroid function). Nephrolithiasis was encountered only in the progeny of members who had stones of biochemical absorptive hypercalciuria. The results suggest that physiological feature(s) of absorptive hypercalciuria may be an expression of the genetic trait. PMID- 7321109 TI - Renal lithiasis and hyperparathyroidism: diagnosis, management and prognosis. AB - From 1969 to 1979, 448 patients underwent parathyroid exploration for presumed hyperparathyroidism. Of these patients 184 had associated renal calculus disease, 72 of whom (16 per cent) had metabolically active stone disease. Of these 72 patients 48 had adenomas, 18 had hyperplasia and 6 had normal glands. Of those patients with assessable disease none with adenomas has had recurrent calculi, whereas calculi continued to form in 45 per cent of the patients with hyperplastic glands and in 50 per cent of those with normal glands. Although most patients with adenomas had persistent calcium elevations 13 were identified with only intermittent hypercalcemia. Serum parathormone calcium elevations 13 were identified with only intermittent hypercalcemia. Serum parathormone served to confirm the presence of parathyroid pathology. Urinary calcium levels were of no diagnostic benefit. PMID- 7321110 TI - Morphological study of the ureterocele: a possible clue to its embryogenesis as evidenced by a locally arrested myogenesis. AB - The wall of a ureterocele and the proximal ureter involved were investigated with light and electron microscopy. Emphasis in our study was on the muscular structure. In most cases, that is in patients with single or duplex, or simple or ectopic ureteroceles, muscle bundles were hardly developed in the dome of the ureterocele but were well developed in the proximal ureter, with and without dilatation. In the dome of the ureterocele muscle cells were much smaller than those in the proximal ureter. Thick and thin myofilaments were demonstrated in muscle cells in the proximal ureter but thick myofilaments were absent in the dome of the ureterocele. These findings may suggest that a ureterocele is a segmental embryonal arrest of the most distal portion of the ureter. PMID- 7321111 TI - Percutaneous transrenal placement of indwelling ureteral catheters. AB - Indwelling ureteral catheters can be used for long-term drainage of the upper urinary tract in the management of distal ureteral obstruction. Ureteral catheters cannot always be passed cystoscopically in a retrograde manner. However, it may be possible to place an indwelling ureteral catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy in an antegrade fashion. This technique and exemplary patients are discussed. PMID- 7321112 TI - Pan-caliceal ileoneocystostomy--a new operation for intrapelvic tuberculotic strictures of the renal pelvis. AB - Intrarenal scarring with stricture formation is common in late cases of renal tuberculosis and has caused more loss of renal function than direct involvement by tuberculosis. The classical treatment of this condition is heminephrectomy for early cases and total nephrectomy for late cases. However, these destructive procedures are far from satisfactory. We describe a new operation, pan-caliceal ileoneocystostomy, that aims at draining the entire caliceal system into an ileal ureter, which thereby relieves the obstruction. Good results were obtained in 2 cases. This procedure also is applicable to cases of intrarenal scarring with stricture formation owing to other causes. PMID- 7321113 TI - Implantation of a new semiautomatic artificial genitourinary sphincter: experience with primary activation and deactivation in 47 patients. AB - AS 742 is a new semiautomatic artificial genitourinary sphincter that has been used at the clinic for the last 21/2 years in the management of urinary incontinence. Compared to the previous model the simplified design provides for much easier implantation, more reliable function related to cuff pressures and to cuff configuration, and more flexibility in the selection of the site for cuff placement. In addition, this new device has enabled the development and use of a new concept of primary and secondary activation. A total of 47 patients (41 male and 6 female subjects) has undergone implantation of the AS 742. Of the 42 patients who had primary activation 34 experienced continence without further surgical revision. The remaining 5 patients who primarily had deactivated devices subsequently had the devices activated and the patients are dry. Of the 8 patients with initial failures 2 had infection and 6 had primary cuff erosion of the urethra. In 4 of the 8 patients the cuff was replaced, and the device was deactivated and then activated after 3 to 4 months. All 4 of these patients are continent. Followup for these patients has ranged from 6 to 30 months. Over-all, 43 of the 47 patients are continent. PMID- 7321114 TI - Single implants in the treatment of erectile impotence. AB - A total of 12 patients with erectile impotence underwent implantation of a Finney flexirod penile prosthesis in 1 corpus cavernosum only. This procedure has a special advantage in developing countries since the cost of the operation in reduced by approximately 50 per cent. The penis is less rigid and longer, and in case of failure the other corpus cavernosum is readily available. This procedure is the method of choice in cases of psychogenic impotence since there is a considerable amount of super erection present in all of the cases. PMID- 7321115 TI - Scrotal implantation of the inflatable penile prosthesis. AB - Erectile impotence has been a problem for the patient and a frustration for the physician since the beginning of medical history. The inflatable penile prosthesis rapidly is becoming the standard for treatment of organic erectile impotence. A technique is described for implantation through a single midline scrotal incision. Intra-abdominal reservoir placement is possible through this incision. The technique shortens operative time and hospital stay, and minimizes postoperative patient discomfort. Of the 31 patients who have been managed in this way the postoperative course for 18 is more than 12 months. The results as judged by patient and sexual partner have been excellent to date. PMID- 7321116 TI - The role of vertebral veins in the dissemination of prostatic carcinoma. AB - The concept that the vertebral system of veins acts as a direct conduit in the spread of prostatic carcinoma to the skeletal system is based on the poorly documented observation that this tumor metastasizes preferentially to the pelvis, lumbar spine and sacrum. We analyzed 99mtechnetium bone scans in patients with skeletal metastases from assorted primary tumors and found that the distribution of metastases was virtually identical in patients with prostatic and nonprostatic tumors. Of the patients with prostatic carcinoma 25 per cent had bone scan lesions exclusively outside the region of the sacrum, pelvis and lumbar spine. The distribution of skeletal metastases from prostatic carcinoma does not support the concept that the vertebral veins have a substantial role in the dissemination of this tumor. PMID- 7321117 TI - Electrophysiological investigation of hydronephrosis in children. AB - The hydrostatics and dynamics of the upper urinary tract were studied in 12 children with congenital hydronephrosis by means of intrapelvic pressure and bipolar electromyography leads from the pelvis and ureter. Studies were performed intraoperatively with the child under general anesthesia. Measurements were obtained during a baseline period of normal diuresis and during diuresis induced by furosemide. The baseline pressure in the hydronephrotic pelvis was within normal limits in most cases but a tendency toward an increased mean baseline pressure was observed in severe hydronephrosis when the cases were grouped according to the excretory urogram. During diuresis the average pressure increase in severe hydronephrosis was parallel to that in moderate hydronephrosis. The peristaltic pattern showed discoordination in pelvis conus transmission but usually preserved anterograde transmission from the conus down the ureter. The results seem to indicate a slight functional obstruction at the pelvioureteral junction. This obstruction leads to the observed alterations in peristalsis and to a slight elevation of the intrapelvic pressure in more severe cases. PMID- 7321118 TI - The protean aspects of posterior urethral valves. AB - Thirty-six patients were evaluated and treated for posterior urethral valves. Of these patients 16 were mild valvular obstruction presented with voiding dysfunction, including 14 (88 per cent) whose symptoms resolved following transurethral valve fulguration. The excretory urograms were normal. The 10 patients with moderate sized valves had symptoms of urinary retention or urinary tract infections. Ureteral surgery was necessary in 4 patients. Following valve resection 6 of the 10 patients with severe valves were managed by diverting loop cutaneous ureterostomies. They did well clinically but dense urethral strictures developed in 3 patients. No other complications of valve resection were seen. Posterior urethral valves have protean aspects requiring individualized treatment. PMID- 7321119 TI - Transpubic urethroplasty in children. AB - In 12 children with membranous urethral strictures transpubic urethroplasty has been performed successfully with minimal morbidity and no mortality. Of the 12 patients 8 are completely continent after transpubic urethroplasty, 2 have partial continence and 2 are incontinent. Wedge resection of the pubic symphysis afforded satisfactory exposure to the prostatic urethra, and none of the 12 patients experienced orthopedic instability, abnormal gaits or pelvic girdle pain. In 3 patients there was loss of erectile function after pelvic injury, which reflects the significant risk of impotence after crush injury to the pelvis with rupture of the posterior urethra. PMID- 7321120 TI - Surgical management of priapism in children with sickle cell anemia. AB - Priapism has been reported to occur in 2 to 5 per cent of patients with sickle cell disease. Recently, creation of a percutaneous fistula between the glans penis and the corpora cavernosa has been applied widely in the management of patients with priapism, except in those cases of sickle cell anemia. Reported failures of such shunting procedures in the sickle cell patient has perhaps unduly denied surgical benefits to that population. We have managed successfully 5 such children with sickle cell anemia and priapism without complications by creation of a fistula between the glans penis and the corpora cavernosa. Our treatment plan is presented, which includes early shunting should initial nonoperative treatment fail. PMID- 7321121 TI - Acute pyelonephritis in 48-year-old man. PMID- 7321122 TI - Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland. AB - A case is reported of an adrenal myelolipoma producing a retroperitoneal hematoma. A right suprarenal mass with fatty density was detected by a computerized tomography scan. The mass had irregular vessels on the arteriogram. This is the youngest patient reported among those with surgically removed myelolipoma. There was no endocrine activity. PMID- 7321123 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma simulating a retroperitoneal malignant neoplasm. AB - We describe a case of a large myelolipoma (15 by 12 cm. maximum diameter) that was removed surgically and resembled clinically and semeiologically a malignant retroperitoneal tumor. The patient also had chronic pancreatitis and cholelithiasis. Experimental findings, as well as the frequent association of myelolipomas (usually small) with several chronic diseases, suggests that the adrenal myelolipoma is not a true neoplasm but, rather, a choristoma or, perhaps even more likely, a hyperplastic and/or metaplastic lesion. PMID- 7321124 TI - Accuracy of angiography in the localization of pheochromocytoma. AB - An analysis of 20 patients who underwent angiographic localization of pheochromocytoma is presented. The tumors were localized accurately by arteriography in all 20 patients, by excretory urography in 4 of 13 and by computerized body tomography in 3 of 5. Venous sampling and venography were invaluable aids in the localization of pheochromocytomas in patients with postoperatively elevated catecholamine levels, or in the evaluation of recurrence or metastases. The tumors were extra-adrenal in 7 patients, bilateral in 4 and malignant in 5. The majority of these tumors occurred in women. PMID- 7321125 TI - Adrenal surgery: need it be complicated or costly? PMID- 7321126 TI - Right hydronephrosis following ingestion of a foreign body. PMID- 7321127 TI - Benign ureteral polyp as a cause of intermittent hydronephrosis in a child. PMID- 7321128 TI - Varying course of hypertension following renal trauma. AB - Hypertension developed in 5 patients after unilateral renal injury. The time-lag from injury to development of hypertension varied from 6 weeks to more than 3 years. In 2 of 3 patients with partial renal injury blood pressure normalized spontaneously. In the third patient sustained hypertension was cured by nephrectomy 56 months after injury. Nephrectomy led to normotension in the 2 patients with renal artery thrombosis, in 1 of them 14 years after renal trauma. Activation of the renin aldosterone axis was observed in all patients. The causes of varying time-lag from renal injury to onset of hypertension are obscure. Because of possible spontaneous regression of hypertension sufficient followup is recommended in patients with a history of renal injury. On the other hand, nephrectomy may be curative even after long-standing hypertension caused by traumatic renal artery thrombosis. PMID- 7321129 TI - Submucosal renal pelvic calcification simulating a pelvic stone. AB - We report a case of renal pelvic calcification radiologically simulating a renal pelvic calculus. Radiological and histopathological examination of the resected kidney revealed only submucosal calcification in the renal pelvis. This is the first report in the English literature of a renal pelvic calcification unrelated to amyloidosis. PMID- 7321130 TI - Renal surgery can "precipitate" stone disease in mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - We report on a patient in whom 3 large renal calculi formed within 12 weeks after pyeloplasty. Subsequently, a parathyroid adenoma was found. This report illustrates the need to evaluate thoroughly a patient with borderline elevation of serum calcium before renal surgery. Current research indicates that primary hyperparathyroidism is more prevalent than thought previously. A majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have mild asymptomatic disease detected solely by routine serum chemistry screening tests. PMID- 7321131 TI - Renal ablation with the Gianturco stainless steel coil for control of massive proteinuria. AB - We describe a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, renal failure, hypoalbuminemia and massive proteinuria. Attempts to reduce the protein loss with corticosteroids, indomethacin and mercurial diuretics were unsuccessful. Renal artery occlusion via Gianturco stainless steel coils was accomplished with the sole major complication of an ileus, probably caused by narcotics given for analgesia. The coils provide a convenient means of terminating renal function without resort to nephrectomy. PMID- 7321132 TI - Renal artery aneurysm rupture in pregnancy. AB - Acute rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is more likely to occur during pregnancy and when it does there is an associated high mortality for the mother and child. Increased blood flow and intra-abdominal pressure, and vascular changes secondary to increased steroid production are postulated as contributory to the increased risk of rupture during pregnancy. When a renal artery aneurysm is discovered in a woman of childbearing age surgical treatment, preferably primary repair, is indicated to prevent subsequent rupture during pregnancy. We report on a mother and child who survived acute rupture of a renal artery aneurysm following treatment by primary repair. PMID- 7321133 TI - Right splenorenal fusion with associated hypersplenism. AB - We report the second case of splenorenal fusion and the first occurrence of spleen fusion associated with a right retroperitoneal structure. Hypersplenism was cured by removal of the mass. A concomitant renal cell carcinoma and multiple adenomas within the mass were incidental clinical features. Aside from the rarity of the lesion, its documented occurrence on the right side is significant in that it provides evidence for the possible migration of spleen cells in embryogenesis as an explanation for some other splenic fusion anomalies. PMID- 7321134 TI - Large retroperitoneal cysts in children and adolescents. AB - Retroperitoneal cysts may be divided into those of urogenital origin: pronephric, mesonephric, metanephric and mullerian; mesocolic; teratoma; lymphatic; parasitic, and traumatic blood cysts. Mullerian cysts are thought to originate from the specialized mesothelial cells of the genital ridge and present as fimbrial cysts or broad ligament wolffian cysts. Symptoms may be absent, or the result of pressure or displacement of an organ. Diagnosis is made by x-ray studies, sonographic evaluation and, frequently, at operation. We report a case of a 14-pound cyst arising from the right broad ligament and partially obstructing the right ureter that was removed surgically. PMID- 7321135 TI - Ureteral injury: complication of partial excision of aortofemoral vascular prosthesis. AB - Ureteral perforation is a rate complication after reconstructive aortic surgery. We report an unusual case of ureteral injury occurring as a complication of partial excision of a pre-existing vascular prosthesis. Gross hematuria was the presenting symptom and a communication between the ureter and vascular bed was demonstrated. PMID- 7321136 TI - Distal ureteral papilloma associated with extensive proliferative ureteritis. PMID- 7321137 TI - Epithelial lesions of bladder mucosa following ureteral reimplantation. AB - We report on 3 children who underwent ureteral reimplantation. Postoperatively, each patient had persistent, irritative, lower tract symptoms and continuous or recurring urinary infections, with or without gross hematuria. Because of these symptoms cystoscopy was done in 2 children and the third child under went repeat ureteral reimplantation because of persistent vesicoureteral reflux. At operation single or multiple hyperplastic, sessile lesions of the urothelium, not evident at the time of initial ureteral reimplantation, were discovered in each child. Histologically, these lesions showed proliferative and metaplastic glandular epithelial changes. Treatment consisted of transurethral fulguration and long term antimicrobial medication plus partial cystectomy and topical intravesical chemotherapy for recurrent lesions in 1 child. The etiology of these epithelial lesions, although uncertain, is believed to be a response to long-standing inflammation. PMID- 7321138 TI - Traumatic rupture of the corpus cavernosum: a case report and survey of the incidence in Arkansas. PMID- 7321139 TI - Orchitis mimicking testicular torsion in Henoch-Schonlein's purpura. AB - Henoch-Schonlein's purpura is a systemic vasculitis involving mainly skin, joints, intestine and kidney. We report on 2 patients who presented with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of testicular torsion. In 1 case purpuric areas after leg cast removal indicated a diagnosis of Henoch-Scholein's purpura. Surgical exploration of the other case revealed congestion of the hydatid of Morgagni, which was followed by typical systemic manifestations of Henoch Schonlein's purpura. These and another case indicate that orchitis accompanying Henoch-Schonlein's purpura may mimic testicular torsion. PMID- 7321141 TI - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele: youngest case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7321140 TI - Microinvasive germ cell tumors of the testis. AB - We suggest that atypical germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis and the testicular stroma without gross tumor be designated as microinvasive germ cell tumor of the testis. We report on 3 men who underwent orchiectomy for cryptorchid testes and diagnosis was microinvasive testicular germ cell tumor. One patient had an embryonal carcinomatous tumor and 2 had seminomatous tumors. No relapse was observed after more than 10, 28 and 59 months of followup, respectively. PMID- 7321142 TI - The role of anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. AB - Because of the rarity of anaerobic infections of the urinary tract and the difficulty of establishing these organisms as pathogens, anaerobic culture is not included as part of routine urine bacteriological examination. Pyuria was found during examination of a 41-year-old man with a chronic renal allograft rejection reaction. Aerobic urine cultures failed to yield any pathogens. Urine cytology demonstrated intracellular organisms that proved to be Fusobacterium nucleatum on anaerobic culture. The serotypically identical organism was isolated from a needle biopsy specimen of the renal allograft. In the presence of pyuria the finding of micro-organisms in the urine sediment that fail to grow on routine aerobic cultures should lead to examination for anaerobic bacterial infection of the urinary tract. PMID- 7321143 TI - Augmented malondialdehyde production by platelets from patients with cerebrovascular disorders. AB - A basic study was conducted on the method for the determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) produced by platelets. Some modifications were introduced which enabled a precise semimicrodetermination. The average values of platelet TBARS production in hypertensives and in patients with cerebral infarction were higher than that in healthy controls. Among patients with cerebral infarction, those with angiographically demonstrated obstruction of internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries showed an increased production as compared with non-obstructive cases, these results may suggest the important role of platelet arachidonate metabolism in obstructive cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 7321144 TI - Experimental study on the inhibition of kinin release in endotoxin shock by glutathione, proteinase inhibitors, hydrocortisone and hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Glutathione, proteinase inhibitors, steroids and hyperbaric oxygen are significantly effective to improve the survival of rats and to inhibit the liberation of plasma kinin in endotoxin shock. The combination of those anti shock agents resulted in a decrease of kinin release in endotoxin shock in contrast with the treatment with each agent alone. PMID- 7321145 TI - Anti-deoxyribonulease B survey in a population sample. PMID- 7321146 TI - Clinical appraisal of the antideoxyribonuclease-B (ADNB) by means of streptonase B test (Wampole). AB - Titers of antideoxyribonuclease-B (ADNB, by Streptonase-B test), antistreptolysin O (ASO, by Rantz-Randall's micromethod) and Kinase test (antivaridase agglutination test) were performed on 118 sera of patients with suspected streptococcal infection and compared. Between ASO and ADNB, a fairly significant correlation was seen (r = 0.69), but many cases in which ADNB exceeded ASO were observed. Between Kinase and ADNB, no significant correlation was seen (r = 0.49). Successive determination of antibody titers were made in 14 consecutive patients with acute glomerulonephritis, anaphylactoid purpura nephritis, rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease. In general, ADNB titer was significantly higher than ASO with few exceptions. The duration of high titer of ADNB was much longer than ASO Kinase titers were sometimes unstable. Throughout this study it has been noted that the result of ADNB was very easily to read and was highly reproducible. There were no nonspecific or pseudopositive reactions. Therefore, ADNB is useful for the diagnosis of streptococcal infection and its complication especially when other antibody titers give negative or doubtful results. PMID- 7321147 TI - Follow-up study of ASO, ADN-B and ASK levels in children with rheumatic fever. AB - In a total of 6 patients with rheumatic fever, antistreptolysin O (ASO), antistreptodeoxyribonuclease-B (ADNase-B) and antistreptokinase (ASK) titer was followed up for 3 months to 6 years. The mean periods of time of normalization of these serological tests were 4 months in ASO, 35 months in ADNase-B. In ASK, the period varied vastly in the range from 5 weeks to 4 years 1 month. Clinically it is not so easy to differentiate rheumatic heart disease from mitral valve disease of unknown etiology. In the case of high ADNase-B level, the patients my be considered to have been attacked by rheumatic fever sometime during a preceding period of as long as about 35 months. PMID- 7321148 TI - Diagnosis of streptococcal infection: previous or recent. AB - For the determination of streptococcal infection, it is necessary to test 3 antibodies, i.e., ASO, ASK and ADN-B at a time, and if 2 of the 3 titers are positive one can make diagnosis of fairly recent streptococcal infection, but if only one of the 3 titers are positive, previous or non-specific causes should be considered. PMID- 7321149 TI - The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of antimicrobial antibody titer in the bacteremia. AB - Antimicrobial antibody titer (AMT) in the sera was determined in 5 patients with infective endocarditis (IE), 8 with septicemia without endocarditis, 3 with fungemia, and 4 with false-positive blood culture. AMT in cases of IE in the early stage of clinical course was over 350 and decreased to less than 50 with clinical improvement following appropriate antibiotic therapy. AMT in cases of septicemia without endocarditis was over 20 and less than 200 and the titer in patients with false-positive blood culture was less than 10. AMT in cases of fungemia without endocarditis ranged from 200-800. PMID- 7321150 TI - Cytotoxicity of antiserum sensitized hemolytic streptococcal M protein fraction on cultured myocardial cells. AB - We have studied cytotoxicity of antisera of monkeys sensitized to streptococcal M protein fraction, which was prepared by the method of Lancefield et al., on cultured myocardial cells. These antisera exerted a significantly higher cytotoxic effect on the myocardial cells than normal monkey sera, and this cytotoxic effect seemed to be organ-specific. In the presence of normal monkey lymphocytes, the antisera had a cytotoxic effect on myocardial cells, but normal sera in the presence of normal monkey lymphocytes had no cytotoxic effects. These data suggest that M protein fraction of hemolytic streptococcus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic carditis. PMID- 7321151 TI - The role of cell mediated immunity in coxsackie B viral myocarditis. AB - The role of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in the pathogenesis of coxsackie B (Cox. B) viral myocarditis in the adult were immunologically investigated. The number of types of neutralizing antibody in patients with Cox. B viral myocarditis was more than that in controls. This fact suggested that these patients had a history of previous Cox. B viral infections. In the patient with Cox. B viral myocarditis, neutralizing antibody titer was increased as 20 folds by the reinfection. And also macrophage migration inhibition test showed that CMI was enhanced not only against the same type but also against the other types of Cox.B group viruses. In conclusion, it may be essential in the occurrence of adult myocarditis that the patient has been infected by Cox.B virus and immunized against the other types as well as the same type of Cox.B group viruses. CMI may also play a critical role in the occurrence of Cox.B viral myocarditis. PMID- 7321152 TI - Early clinical profiles of cases with histopathologically proven acute idiopathic myocarditis and a proposal for diagnostic criteria. AB - The early clinical features, primary care, treatment and short-term prognosis in 15 cases of acute myocarditis where diagnostic confirmation was made by endomyocardial biopsy or autopsy were analyzed. Characteristically, idiopathic myocarditis of possible viral etiology revealed preceding symptoms which consisted of flu-like symptoms, i.e., fever, upper respiratory infection (sore throat, cough), myalgia or arthralgia, general malaise, and gastrointestinal disorders (vomiting, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain and soft stool). A severe cardiac or generalized disease condition may follow. Depending upon the progress of intensive medical and cardiac care, the patients' prognosis is not always poor. Diagnostic criteria based upon our own experience have been constructed as a proposal. PMID- 7321153 TI - Histopathological studies on the myocardial fibrosis and vascular lesion of rheumatic valvular disease. AB - To clarify the types and frequency of myocardial fibrosis and vascular lesions caused by different types of the rheumatic valvular disease, 41 autopsied hearts with rheumatic valvular lesions were examined and the following results were obtained. As to myocardial fibrosis, 1) perivascular fibrosis, caused mainly by perivascular inflammation and partly by myocardial strain, varied in grade according to the types of the valvular disease, i.e., most severe in mitral regurgitation (MR) and combined valvular disease (CVD) and least in mitral stenosis (MS); 2) Aschoff's nodes: 3 typical and 8 atypical cases were found; 3) perimycial fibrosis due to myocardial strain: most severe in MR and CVD and least in MS; and 4) irregular patchy fibrosis, caused mainly by myocarditis and partly by ischemia, was noticed in all types of the valvular disease. As to vascular lesion, 1) angitis was found in 7 cases and most frequently in MR; and 2) thickening of the intima and media was found in all types of valvular disease. Thus, myocardial fibrosis and vascular lesion varied according to the types of valvular disease, and not only hemodynamic changes but also myocardial fibrosis and vascular lesions might determine the prognosis of the valvular disease. PMID- 7321154 TI - Follow up study of rheumatic heart disease. AB - The follow up study on rheumatic heart disease was carried out over a 20 year period by the questionaire method. Two hundreds and seventy-nine patients were analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) Sixteen cases (5.5%) died, 20 cases (6.8%) showed deterioration, 155 cases (53.1%) were unchanged, 35 cases (12.0%) were improved, 12 cases (4.1%) were announced that their valvular lesions disappeared and 22 cases (7.2%) underwent cardiac surgery. The more severe the findings at the final examination under our program, the poorer the courses. 2) The cases having a severe status index showed a tendency for poor prognoses. Mitral steno-regurgitation revealed the poorest prognoses. 3) 84.3 per cent of the living cases were found to be leading normal daily lives without any restriction. 4) The average death rate was 1.0% per year during the 20 years between 1958 and 1978. The death rate for age group between 9 and 17 years old was the highest (1.34% per year). 5) The leading cause of death in every group including all the cases under our program was a recurrence of rheumatic fever. However in groups older than 18 years of age chronic congestive heart failure and unsuccessful cardiac surgery were leading causes. PMID- 7321155 TI - Clinical estimation of left ventricular size: precordial electrocardiographic voltage corrected by the measurement of thorax. AB - The left ventricular muscle volume (LVMV) was determined echocardiographically and the radius of the circle with equal circumference to the thorax (R1) was calculated from thorax-circumference in 688 children as a part of the Shimane Heart Study. correlation of the summed precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5) with LVMV was not close (r = 0.377 in boys and -0.095 in girls). The precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5) was corrected by the square of R1 to compensate for the diminution of electrical potential by distance. Correlation between (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) and LVMV was good in boys (r = 0.681) and relatively good in girls (r= 0.554). This fact indicates that LVMV can be predicted from ECG and anthropometric measurements of thorax without using echocardiography. Therefore, (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) seems to have clinical applicability as the index of LV size, if the differences in (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) and in the correlation coefficient between both sexes are clarified further. PMID- 7321156 TI - An autopsied case of an elementary school boy with sudden death four years after Kawasaki disease: on the problem of present method of cardiac mass screening of school children. AB - An 8 year-old boy died suddenly 4 years after the onset of Kawasaki disease. He was examined by a cardiac mass screening for school children one and a half year before the death, and was evaluated as having no sequela of Kawasaki disease. The autopsy showed coronary arterial aneurysms and obstruction with fresh and old myocardial infarction. One of the problems of the present method for cardiac mass screening for school children is that it is performed only with history taking, physical findings and electrocardiograms. This method is completely insufficient to find out coronary involvement as a sequela of Kawasaki disease. All the children with history of Kawasaki disease should be examined by two dimensional echocardiography, which is the most sensitive and specific noninvasive method to detect the coronary involvement in our experience. PMID- 7321157 TI - [Analytic study of pulmonary shunt fraction with changes in inspired oxygen concentration Part 1. A review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321158 TI - [Survival effects of reduced glutathione and glucocorticoid in endotoxin treated mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321159 TI - [The effect of MT-M solution on the serum electrolytes, metabolites and subcellular metabolic changes in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321160 TI - [Effects of halothane and trimethaphan on hepatic blood flow, oxygen consumption and serum enzyme leakage in the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321161 TI - [Photophysical reactions of cholesteric liquid crystal by contact of gaseous anesthetics--their use for qualitative analysis of gaseous anesthetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321162 TI - [A clinical study of anesthesia with droperidol, diazepam, nitrous oxide and oxygen (DDGO anesthesia)-Part 3--A change of adrenocortical function and carbohydrate metabolism in hypertensive patients controlled with trimethaphan or halothane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321163 TI - [Anesthesia in a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321164 TI - [Epidural nerve block for the treatment of pain from gout (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321165 TI - [Clinical experience of hemodilution with fluosol-DA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321166 TI - [Non-medical use of halothane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321167 TI - [Effect of mixed venous oxygen tension on intrapulmonary shunt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321168 TI - [Analytic study of pulmonary shunt fraction with changes in inspired oxygen concentration. -Part 2. Comparison of human blood with artificial blood in artificial lung- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321169 TI - [Transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure monitoring during pediatric anesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321170 TI - [Pituitary-adrenocortical axis following inhalation anesthetics in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321171 TI - [Caudal anesthesia in infants and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321172 TI - [Caudal epidural application of morphine in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321173 TI - [A study on coagulative and fibrinolytic dynamics in experimental traumatic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321174 TI - [Effects of reduced glutathione and dexamethasone in endotoxin shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321175 TI - [Studies on the appropriate dose of new analgesic; butorphanol for balanced anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321176 TI - [Anesthesiology--biochemical and physiochemical aspects]. PMID- 7321177 TI - [A complication of epidural puncture, myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321178 TI - [Clinical application of psoas compartment block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321179 TI - [Anesthesia for complete A-V block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321180 TI - [The effect of cefoxitin for surgical infections. Especially, the effect for resisted cases to therapy with another cephalosporins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321181 TI - [Clinical experience of cefoxitin to the infections complicated with hematonosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321182 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin for infectious diseases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321183 TI - [Clinical experience of amikacin eye lotion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321184 TI - [Experience with intravenous drip infusion of amikacin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321185 TI - [Effectiveness of acetylspiramycin for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical efficacy and safety of acetylspiramycin for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children were studied at a dose level of 50 mg/kg/day q.i.d. and the following results were obtained. Acetylspiramycin showed effect in 24 patients out of 25 (96.0%). The level of transminase was increased in 3 cases on admission. One of them was an uneffective case, and eruption was seen after administrating the drug. Diarrhea and poor appetite were observed in one case as side effects, and they were controlled easily. It may be concluded from these results acetylspiramycin was relatively free from side effects and considered to be useful for Mycoplasma pneumonia. PMID- 7321186 TI - [The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (author's transl)]. AB - The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (aminosidine, PRM) were studied in ten normal volunteers taking a normal diet, and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum levels of PRM were observed 0.46 micrograms/ml at a half hour, 1.14 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.48 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.70 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.29 micrograms at 6 hours and were almost faded out at 12 hours after 4 grams of oral administration. 2. During 0 approximately 2 hours, 2 approximately 4 hours, 4 approximately 6 hours and 6 approximately 12 hours, the mean urine concentration of PRM were observed 56.4 micrograms/ml, 56.2 micrograms/ml, 37.1 micrograms/ml and 13.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the total excretion in the urine by 12 hours were observed 21.14 mg (0.53%). 3. Oral administration of PRM caused fall in Lactobacillus, non spore-forming anaerobic Gram positive bacilli (BEP group) and Peptostreptococcus (P less than 0.001), Bacteroides (P less than 0.01). However, after administration was discontinued, reduced bowel flora was returned to the normal range within a few days. No overgrowth of bowel flora by coliform, Clostridium or yeast was observed. Klebsiella oxytoca and toxigenic Clostridium difficile were not observed overgrowth. 4. No side effect was observed clinically over 2 months. PMID- 7321187 TI - [Clinical effect of acetylspiramycin on primary atypical pneumonia in children (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical effect of acetylspiramycin, one of macrolide antibiotics, primary atypical pneumonia and serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumonia in children was studied. Twenty-four cases of these pneumonia (PAP 11, MP 13) in children were selected and acetylspiramycin was given in dose of approximately 30 mg/kg/day orally. Clinical response was evaluated in terms of improvement in fever, cough and chest X-ray. Clinical response was excellent in 4, good in 5, fair in 14 cases and none in 1 case. No definite adverse effect was observed, however 3 cases showed skin rashes. Two cases showed evanescent small erythematopapulous rash and 1 case developed urticaria on the 2nd to 4th day after this drug was given. These skin rash seemed one of the manifestation of Mycoplasma infections, rather than adverse side effect. One case showed elevated transaminase activity before acetylspiramycin was given and improved on the 2nd week, although this drug was continued. No other side effect was observed. We were able to use acetylspiramycin only in the form of 200 mg tablet and difficulty of the administration was encountered in children under 5 years of age. Other form (dry syrup, etc.) of this drug should be considered for the clinical use in children. In conclusion, acetylspiramycin was effective and safe for the treatment of primary atypical pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumonia. PMID- 7321188 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of cefatrizine in oral infections (author's transl)]. AB - Investigation was made on the therapeutic effect of a new antibiotic, cefatrizine(CFT), in oral infections according to the following procedure. Results are summarized as follows. Determination was made on the MIC of CFT against 8 clinical isolates of S. epidermidis, 5 of S. aureus and 7 of E. coli in comparison with those of CEX and PBPC. MICs of CFT against S aures were demonstrated 3.13 to 6.25 mcg/ml which were superior to those of CEX and ABPC. CFT was administered orally in a dose of 500 mg at an hour and a half before the extraction of the impacted wisdom tooth in the mandibula. During the operation, gingival and blood specimens were collected and each CFT level was determined. The mean CFT level in the gingiva reached to 0.95 mcg/ml and that in the blood to 5.77 mcg/ml. According to these experimental results, CFT was administered to patients with moderate oral infection at a dose of 500 mg and clinical assessment was made according to the criteria established by Japanese Society of Oral Surgeons. As the results, the effectiveness rate of CFT was 85%. No serious side effect was observed. From the results of the present study, CFT may be effective for moderate oral surgery infections. PMID- 7321189 TI - [Clinical studies of dibekacin intravenous challenge on respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Dibekacin was used for the treatment of 5 patients with bacterial respiratory tract infections (4 cases of Ps. aeruginosa and 1 case of S. marcescens) intravenously. Serum levels of DKB was observed by the method of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and bioassay and no differentiation was observed between EIA and bioassay. Four cases of Ps. aeruginosa and 1 case of S. marcescens were all disappeared in 5 or 7 days of administration. No side effects were observed. The results obtained in this study indicate that DKB intravenous challenge might become one of the important method on respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7321190 TI - [Changes of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels following cephaloridine administration (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of cephaloridine on renal function, especially blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in clinical cases. The study was performed in cases given the drug for prophylaxis of postoperative infections and treatment of various infections. Drip infusion of more than 2 g of cephaloridine (Ceporan) for 2 hours was given twice a day to 213 cases. The dose is thought to make it possible to maintain an effective blood level of the drug. Levels of blood urea nitrogen were measured before and after the administration in 197 cases and serum creatinine was measured in 116 out of 197 cases. Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen were observed in 12 cases while abnormal serum creatinine levels were found in 8 cases. Transient and slight rising of blood urea nitrogen levels was observed in many cases of the prophylactic group due to postoperative catabolism or influence of the surgery. Bases on precise analysis of cases who showed abnormal levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, the levels were proved to improve or return to normal and to be unchanged. So that, it is said that the administration of the drug is not necessarily affect the renal function of clinical cases. PMID- 7321191 TI - [A study on the disc sensitivity test for amikacin (author's transl)]. AB - Susceptibilities to amikacin of 153 strains of 27 bacterial species were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zone by the single-disc method. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (after 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for amikacin. Analysis of the data obtained by using amikacin disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm)=23.73 8.55 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D=29.84-11.53 log MIC (microgram/ml) in delayed assay, D=16.47-4.53 log MIC (microgram/ml) in 3-4 hours rapid assay, and D=19.57-6.19 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5-6 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the two-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of amikacin by the single-disc assay. PMID- 7321192 TI - [Clinical evaluation of josamycin syrup for Mycoplasma pneumonia in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321193 TI - [Studies on the therapeutics of experimental toxoplasmosis. I. Effect of acetylspiramycin and spiramycin on the intracardiac Toxoplasma multiplication in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 329 human serum samples were collected from the clinics of internal medicine of Obihiro city and its suburbs and were screened for Toxoplasma antibody level using the latex agglutination microtiter method (LA). Ninety-one (27.7%) were positive, 4 (1.2%) were equivocal and 234 (71.1%) were negative. Positive reactants were highest in the age group of 55-74 years old. A relatively high percentage on positive reactants was observed in patients with accompanying cardiac and cerebral disorders, i.e., 33.3% and 35.6%, respectively. ICR-JCL mice were infected with 10(2) tachyzoites of the S-273 strain of T. gondii intraperitoneally. Chronic cases were obtained from those mice which survived the first infection without any further challenge 1 month later. Therapy was carried out by administering acetylspiramycin or spiramycin per os at a dose of 8 mg/0.5 ml per mouse per day for 30 days. After the end of therapy, brain and heart emulsions were made, and passaged to clean mice and observed for 30 days. Antibody titers were also monitored during the course of treatment using the LA microtiter method. In the acute cases, antibody titers were observed to gradually increase from the end of treatment up to 10 weeks. Antibody titers of the chronic cases were maintained at high levels before the start of treatment and up to its termination. Most of the mice subinoculated with brain emulsions obtained from the acute cases, both in the control and treatment groups, died. However, all of the mice subinoculated with heart emulsions from both treatment groups, survived. In the chronic cases, all mice subinoculated with brain emulsions from all groups died. A few survived the heart passages from both treatment groups, however, they showed very high reactions to the LA microtiter method. PMID- 7321194 TI - [Clinical studies on tobramycin for infectious diseases following intravenous drip infusion (author's transl)]. AB - An antibiotic drug of aminoglycoside group, tobramycin (TOB) for parenteral use was used to 18 hospitalized patients: 5 with cholecystitis, 10 with acute appendicitis and 3 others. TOB in a dose of 60-90 mg were administered before the operation, 9 cases were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1-2 hours, 7 cases by intramuscularly and 2 cases by intravenously. The materials of A-bile, B-bile, wall of the gallbladder, the appendix, ascites and serum samples were taken during the operation. TOB concentration was measured by bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain. TOB concentration in B-bile and gallbladder wall were higher than those in the A-bile. TOB concentration in gallbladder wall and appendix were directly proportional to degree of pathological changes of the inflammation. For the therapeutic purpose, TOB were given to the 15 patients of the above 18 cases. TOB in a dose of 60-90 mg were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1-2 hours, twice or 3 times a day for 3-18 days. Clinical response was excellent in 2 cases, good in 11 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case. No adverse effect was observed. Therefore, it was supposed that TOB could be used safety by intravenous drip infusion. PMID- 7321195 TI - [Fundamental and a few clinical studies in pediatric field on tobramycin with intravenous drip infusion method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321196 TI - A pharmacokinetic analysis of ampicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis. AB - Pharmacokinetic differences between a bolus and a 60 minutes continuous intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg dose of ampicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated in the rabbits with experimental staphylococcal meningitis. The maximum concentrations in CSF were 19.3 micrograms/ml for bolus injection and 7.24 micrograms/ml for 60 minutes continuous infusion. Half-lives (T1/2) in CSF and CSF/serum ratios of T1/2 were 29.9 minutes and 1.3 minutes for bolus injection and 48.1 minutes and 1.9 minutes for 60 minutes continuous infusion, respectively. These findings indicate that extremely high concentrations of short duration in serum are required to elevate the concentrations in CSF and the maintenance of certain concentrations in serum are required to keep concentrations above the therapeutic concentrations in CSF. The mean penetration rate derived from the CSF/serum ratios of AUC were 11.1% for bolus injection and 5.5% for 60 minutes continuous infusion. Thus bolus injection is considered to be superior to 60 minutes continuous infusion pharmacokinetically. Bacterial meningitis is one of the diseases in which therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics are difficult to attain at the the site of infections. Therefore, when an intravenous ampicillin is going to be used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, bolus injection is preferred to 60 minutes continuous infusion. PMID- 7321197 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin on bacterial infection in severe blood diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321198 TI - Clinical hemodynamic and angiographic findings in 94 patients with old myocardial infarction. Comparison with 79 patients with coronary artery disease and no myocardial infarction. AB - Clinical, hemodynamic, coronary arteriographic, and ventriculographic findings of 94 patients (pts) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and old myocardial infarction (MI) have been described and compared with those of 70 pts with CAD and no previous MI. Pts with old MI presented a more compromised functional and hemodynamic status, with a higher incidence of NYHA class III-IV pts (40%), symptoms of left ventricular (LV) failure (31%), cardiomegaly (70%), higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (19.6 +/- 9.6 mmHg, p less than 0.05), compared with 32%, 22%, 54% and 16.0 +/- 6.8 mmHg respectively in CAD pts with no MI. MI pts presented more severe CAD, higher incidences of three vessel disease (56%, p less than .005) and of left anterior descending (LAD) (34%) and right coronary artery (RCA) (36%) occlusions, compared with 34%, 6%, and 9% respectively in pts with no MI. Furthermore, pts with old MI showed more diffused and severe LV segmental wall contraction abnormalities, with higher frequencies of LV aneurysm (31%) and of pts with asynergy of more than 2 LV segments (26%), compared with 1% and 3% respectively in pts with no MI. Within the group with old MI, LVEDP was higher in pts with anterior (A) (22.0 +/- 11 mmHg, p less than .02) and anterior l diaphragmatic (AlD) (21.5+/- 7.9 mmHg, p less than .05) MI, compared with pts with diaphragmatic (D) MI (16.6 +/- 7.1 mmHg); furthermore, LVEDP increase was significantly correlated with the severity and the extent of LV asynergy. In A and D MI, LAD and RCA stenoses or occlusions were prevalent respectively; pts with AlD MI showed larger numbers of coronary stenosis (3.05) and occlusions (1.05) per patient. The coronary artery supplying the infarcted area showed stenosis (greater than 75%) in 95.6% and was normal in 2.2% of cases. Thus, pts with CAD and old MI, and particularly of AlD and A MI, show a more compromised hemodynamic status and more severe degrees of CAD and of LV segmental wall contraction abnormality, which are responsible for their poor prognosis, compared to pts with CAD but no old MI. PMID- 7321199 TI - Clinical study on the abnormal flow patterns in Ebstein's anomaly using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was performed in 10 patients with Ebstein's anomaly and 10 cases of tricuspid regurgitation secondary to mitral stenosis. Distal atrialized right ventricle (ATRV): In all patients with Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid regurgitation flow was recognized by PDE. In this lesion with moderate tricuspid regurgitation, a widely dispersed dot pattern was recorded during systole However, in the cases with severe tricuspid regurgitation a relatively smooth dot pattern was recognized. In the case with marked delay in pressure rise in the right ventricle, PDE showed a bimodal regurgitant flow pattern. The interval between the onset of QRS and that of tricuspid regurgitant flow with right ventricular pressure rise was measured. The interval corrected for heart rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.35 with an average of 0.19 +/- 0.08 sec. In the subjects with secondary tricuspid regurgitation, it ranged from 0.07 to 0.11 sec. This interval was significantly prolonged in Ebstein's anomaly as compared to that in secondary tricuspid regurgitation (p less than 0.001). Proximal ATRV: Tricuspid regurgitant flow was detected in 6 to 10 patients with Ebstein's anomaly. The disturbed flow was less apparent in the proximal ATRV than in the distal ATRV. PMID- 7321200 TI - Peculiarities of the first heart sound in bundle branch blocks. A new interpretation based on graphic analysis. AB - A phonocardiographic study in a medium frequency range was made over various areas of the precordium in 27 cases of right bundle branch block (RBBB), 28 cases of left bundle branch block (LBBB), and 30 normal subjects of the same age. The various components of the first heart sound plus the pulses at the suprasternal notch and the right carotid artery were studied in regard to timing, relationship with the ECG and the arterial pulses, intervals between components, and amplitude. The timing and intervals of the three components of the first sound were found normal in RBBB and so were the arterial pulses; apparent wide splitting was occasionally noted, due to recording of the first (a) and third (c) components, the latter being larger, as frequently observed in old age. All three components of the first sound were found small and delayed in LBBB; a delay of the arterial pulses was also noted. No additional component that might be attributed to the right heart preceded the delayed first sound. This study confirms that the first heart sound recorded on the chest wall originates only in the left heart and aorta. PMID- 7321201 TI - Systolic time intervals in febrile states. PMID- 7321202 TI - A study on the noninvasive evaluation of coronary vasodilating drugs with Thallium-201 myocardial imagings. AB - To evaluate clinically the effects of coronary vasodilating drugs, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), dilazep (DL), and dipyridamole (DP), on the myocardial perfusion, quantitative analysis of Thallium-201 myocardial imagings was performed before and after their sublingual or oral administration in 17 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 9 normal volunteers. The ratio of total myocardial blood flow to cardiac output (TMBF/CO) and the ratio of ischemic regional myocardial blood flow to cardiac output(RMBF/CO) were calculated according to the indicator fractionation principle. The ratio of radio-activity of infarcted region to total myocardium (R/T) was also calculated to judge the degree of scintigraphic defect objectively. There were increases in TMBF/CO in 7 of 9 patients after ISDN, 4 of 5 patients after DL, and 2 of 6 patients after DP. Increases in RMBF/CO were observed in all patients studied after ISDN and DL, whereas in 2 of 6 patients after dipyridamole. Decreases both in RMBF/CO and R/T which suggest coronary steal phenomenon were observed in 4 of 6 patients after DP. The myocardial imaging technic is a useful noninvasive method for clinical evaluation of coronary vasodilating drug. PMID- 7321203 TI - The surface morphology of the infundibular muscle in patients with tetralogy of fallot. AB - The surface morphology of the infundibular muscles obtained from open heart surgery was investigated in 10 patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Various degrees of abnormal surface morphological changes were observed from the endocardium to the myocardium. In the endocardium striking proliferation of the endothelial cells was usually accompanied by focal loss of the endothelium with fibrotic change. Based on the characteristic alterations of the surface morphology 4 different groups of myocardial cells could be identified: normal myocytes, defective myocytes, sclerotic myocytes, and necrotic myocytes. Because intact surface morphology is responsible for integrated cellular function these pathological findings observed on the surface morphology of the endocardium and myocardium can provide a valuable reference to further understanding of functional disorders of the infundibular muscle in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 7321204 TI - Studies on the preventive method of lowered ventricular fibrillation threshold during experimental acute myocardial infarctions. A comparison between disopyramide phosphate and lidocaine. AB - This study was performed to investigate the prophylactic effect of disopyramide phosphate on ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Lidocaine and disopyramide phosphate were compared in terms of their effects on the lowered ventricular fibrillation threshold in experimental myocardial infarction produced by coronary ligation in dogs. The following results were obtained: 1) The effect of lidocaine i.v. + infusion appeared promptly and the ventricular fibrillation threshold exceeded control levels from 45 min onwards (p less than 0.01). 2) The i.m. injection of lidocaine was effective in a dose of 10 mg/Kg. The minimally effective blood level was 1.7 mcg/ml. 3) Disopyramide phosphate 5 mg/Kg i.v. produced a tendency towards recovery from 15 min onwards. After 30 min, the ventricular fibrillation threshold was significantly higher than control (p less than 0.01). 4) Disopyramide phosphate 5 mg/Kg i.m. was initially effective after 45 min. The effect was significant from 1 hour and 30 min onwards, compared with control (p less than 0.01). The minimally effective blood level was 2.4 mcg/ml. 5) Disopyramide phosphate 2 mg/Kg i.m. produced a tendency towards recovery but the difference from the control was not significant. 6) In equivalent i.m. doses, disopyramide phosphate tended to be more potent than lidocaine in increasing the ventricular fibrillation threshold. 7) In the aforementioned doses, disopyramide phosphate did not cause any marked changes in PQ interval or QT time in ECG. These results suggest that the intramuscular injection of disopyramide phosphate is a hopeful clinical treatment to prevent ventricular fibrillation in the very early stages of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7321205 TI - Comparative effects of heart rate and aortic blood pressure on MVO in the anesthetized open-chest dog. AB - Comparative effects of heart rate and aortic blood pressure on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The left coronary artery was perfused through the external shunt with blood from the left common carotid artery. Heart rate was changed with the left atrial pacing and the constriction of the descending thoracic aorta was utilized to elevate the proximal aortic blood pressure (BP). The left ventricular enddiastolic pressure was insignificantly changed with the atrial pacing and with the aortic constriction. With the constant BP (100 +/- 5 mmHg), and unit increase in heart rate per minute augmented MVO2 by 0.027 ml/min/100 Gm of left ventricular muscle, while one mmHg elevation of BP caused 0.15 ml increment in MVO2 per minute per 100 Gm of left ventricular muscle under the constant heart rate (115 +/- 5 beats/min). Therefore an unit change in BP caused five- to six-fold greater increase in MVO2 compared with that in heart rate, indicating extremely important roles of BP in MVO2. PMID- 7321206 TI - Effect of atherogenesis on membrane lipid constituents of rabbit erythrocytes. PMID- 7321207 TI - Echocardiographic manifestation of acute pulmonary thromboembolism. A case report. PMID- 7321208 TI - Aortic regurgitation with dove-coo murmur with special references to the mechanism of its generation using dual echocardiography. AB - Triphasic dove-coo murmur in a patient with aortic regurgitation was studied as to the mechanism of its generation using simultaneous recording phonocardiography and dual echocardiography. The murmur arose coincident with the coarse regular fluttering of aortic posterior wall during the opening of mitral valve and decreased coincident with the protrusion of mitral valve anterior leaflet into the left ventricular outflow tract. Thus the murmur might occur, provided that normal mitral valve opening and closure was maintained. It may well explain why the murmur hardly occurs in aortic regurgitation of rheumatic origin in which rheumatic lesion often is thought to involve mitral valve, restricting mitral opening during diastole and thereby inhibits aortic root vibrations. PMID- 7321209 TI - [Surface marker test of lymphocytes. E Rosette formation]. PMID- 7321210 TI - [EAC rosette formation]. PMID- 7321211 TI - [EA rosette formation]. PMID- 7321212 TI - [Surface immunoglobulin tests--with sensitized erythrocytes]. PMID- 7321213 TI - [Cytochemical tests of lymphatic cells]. PMID- 7321214 TI - [Separation of blood cells]. PMID- 7321215 TI - [Morphological studies of lymphocytes using Wright-Giemsa stains]. PMID- 7321216 TI - [Selection of cells by cell sorter]. PMID- 7321218 TI - [Advanced of blood coagulation in clinical pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321217 TI - [Separation, identification and elimination of monocytes]. PMID- 7321219 TI - [Adhesiveness and aggregation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321220 TI - [The platelet release reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321221 TI - [Hyperfunction of platelets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321222 TI - [Congenital qualitative platelet disorders: special reference to platelet adhesions to subendothelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321223 TI - [Acquired disorders of platelet function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321224 TI - [Precision control in the disc method of sensitivity testing. Standard committee for Microbiology Department, Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology]. PMID- 7321225 TI - [Metastatic brain tumors--clinico-pathological analysis of 91 biopsied cases (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7321226 TI - [Histopathological study of 7 autopsy cases of gestational choriocarcinoma experienced in National Hospital of Sendai (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321227 TI - [Studies of antiplatelet antibody-comparison of four detection methods including serum platelet-binding IgG assay (RIA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321228 TI - [Studies on measurement of thoracic gas volume using a body plethysmograph (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7321229 TI - [Enzymic determination of phospholipids in serum lipoproteins separated by electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321230 TI - [Interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321231 TI - [Hypersensitive pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321232 TI - [Diffuse panbronchiolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321234 TI - [Pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321233 TI - [Sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321235 TI - [Collagen diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321236 TI - [Chest x-ray findings in cardiac diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321237 TI - [X-ray findings of metastatic tumor of the lung--mainly lymphangitic spread (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321238 TI - [Current status of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7321239 TI - [Pneumonia in childhood--x-ray diagnosis of infantile pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia and recurrent or chronic pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321241 TI - [Metrizamide in neuroradiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321240 TI - [Current topics of pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321242 TI - [Water-soluble contrast myelography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321243 TI - [Metrizamide cisternography with hypocycroidal tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321244 TI - [Computer assisted myelography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321245 TI - [Comparative study with metrizamide CT cisternography and pneumoencephalo tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321246 TI - [CSF dynamics evaluated by metrizamide CT cisternography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321247 TI - [Metrizamide computed tomography in syringomyelia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321248 TI - [Painless peripheral arteriography with new contrast media of low osmolality (metrizamide and ioxaglate) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321249 TI - [A case of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula treated with balloon catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321250 TI - [A case of esophageal moniliasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321251 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of adrenal cortical tumors in infants (report of two cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321253 TI - [Duodenal rupture due to blunt trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321252 TI - [Computed tomography of gravitation abscesses (report of a case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321254 TI - In vitro kinetics of functional parameters of macrophage activation with lymphokines and its relation to tumor cell cytostasis. AB - Effect of PPD-induced lymphokine on in vitro activation of peritoneal macrophages of mice was studied. During 15 min of incubation, promotion of macrophage spreading was observed even at 64 fold dilution, but the rate of spreading was rather inhibited after 48 hr. Phagocytosis of formalinized sRBC was stimulated after 30 min and 24 hr of incubation. Full cytostatic activity of macrophages was obtained after 48 hr of incubation with 8 and 32 fold diluted lymphokine containing supernatants, but PPD alone did not render the macrophages cytostatic until that time. The lymphokine activity to render macrophage cytostatic was in parallel with the activity to induce macrophage spreading. Relation of these parameters in activation process of macrophages in vitro was discussed. PMID- 7321255 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against glycosphingolipids and its application to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the binding of antibodies to glycosphingolipid antigens is described. This technique is rapid, specific, sensitive and convenient. The technique is applicable to detect anti-glycolipid antibodies in sera of patients with some autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7321256 TI - [Studies on lymphoid hyperplasia in the resected stomach of ulcer and cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321257 TI - [Clinical significance of fecal fat estimation by single stool method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321258 TI - [The analysis of immunologically similar substance with Ascaris suum specific protein in rat colon mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321259 TI - [Liver and serum lipoperoxide levels in chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321260 TI - [Participation of cholestatic factor in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis in acute viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321261 TI - [Porphyria cutanea tarda: with special reference to ultrastructural findings of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321262 TI - [Gallbladder contractions in the interdigestive state (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321263 TI - [Studies on experimental pancreatitis induced in rat by ethionine fed with a choline-deficient and low protein diet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321264 TI - [Three cases of ischemic colitis probably induced by stercoral condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321265 TI - [A case of primary yolk sac tumor of the liver with spontaneous rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321267 TI - [A study of CK-isozyme in strangulation obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321266 TI - [Serially transplantable human stomach cancer producing CEA in nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321268 TI - [Effects of immunopotentiator on six patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321269 TI - [Early diagnosis of cancer of body of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321270 TI - [Pericellular fibrosis in human alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321271 TI - [Application of blood-glucose changes in oral galactose tolerance test for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases with impaired glucose tolerance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321272 TI - [Analysis of CT image of the porta hepatis with correlation to anatomical structures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321273 TI - [Uptakes of ICG bound to plasma protein of constitutional ICG excretory defect by the rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321274 TI - [The diagnostic information of biliary tract diseases using pancreozymin-secretin test--isolation of bacteria and parasites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321275 TI - [An autopsy case of xanthogranuloma in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321276 TI - [A case of portal thrombosis with bilio-portal fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321277 TI - [A case of lupoid hepatitis presenting typical butterfly rash (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321278 TI - [Detectability of metastatic liver cancer by sequential C.T. with arterial portography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321279 TI - [Intratumoral anti-cancer therapy by US guided puncture in advanced pancreatic cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321280 TI - [Application of the microbial mutation test in occupational health and its future problems (author's transl)]. AB - The microbial mutation test developed by Ames has been revealed that many chemical carcinogens, which had been considered non-mutagenic, are actually mutagens and that a number of mutagens, the carcinogenicity of which has not yet been investigated, are carcinogens. The method is useful, in the chemical industry, for screening chemicals for carcinogenic potential because of its rapidity and economic return. The mutagenic activity of hundreds of chemicals has been investigated by this Ames test and a close relationship between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity has been demonstrated. It is considered that the application of this screening test is useful for prevention of occupational cancer in the chemical industry. In this paper the results of this test for industrial chemicals and the future problems are reviewed. PMID- 7321281 TI - [A comparative study on the prevalence of pleural thickness related with asbestos exposures. A comparison between urban and rural districts using miniature X-ray films (author's transl)]. AB - Using miniature films for mass tuberculosis examination of inhabitants, a comparison was made of the prevalence of pleural thickening between urban and rural districts in Japan. The classification of pleural thickening mostly followed the criteria of Askergren and Szamosi. Age adjusted prevalences for male adults were 2.7% (Ys city) and 5.3% (Yk city) in urban districts, and 0.7% (Hokuriku district) in rural districts. In addition to the survey of these inhabitants, workers of a ship building factory in the urban district were examined. Age adjusted prevalence in this case was 7.3%. On the other hand, the prevalence for female adults were 0.2% (Ys city) and 0.4% (Yk city) in the urban districts, and 0.09% in the rural districts. The prevalence of pleural thickening showed a sharp increase after 60 years of age in male adults but not in female adults. It was confirmed that pleural calcification was a better diagnostic feature for distinguishing the difference of prevalence by areas. PMID- 7321282 TI - [Diminution of 1, 1, 1- and 1, 1, 2- trichloroethane in the blood and their excretion by the lungs (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the diminution of 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (1, 1, 1-TCE) and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane (1, 1, 2-TCE) in the blood and the excretion of them by the lungs, 100 mg and 50 mg per kg body weight of 1, 1, 1-TCE were intravenously administered to 12 and 13 dogs, respectively, and the same amounts of 1, 1, 2-TCE to 5 and 8 dogs, respectively. The arterial blood gathered and the expired air collected by the time up to 60 minutes after the injection were analysed with a FID-gas-chromatography for the concentrations of the solvents. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Concentrations of 1, 1, 1-TCE in the blood were maintained significantly lower always from 2 to 60 minutes after the injection than those of 1, 1, 2-TCE. 2. While highest concentrations of the solvents in the expired air were found about 1 minute after the injection for both 1, 1, 1-and 1, 1, 2-TCE, values 1 minute after for the former were seven to ten times higher than those for the latter. However, no significant differences in the concentration were seen between both solvents after 15-40 minutes of administration in the expired air. 3. Ratios of the amounts expired by the lungs during 60 minutes after the injection to the total were 61-68% for 1, 1, 1-TCE, whereas only 21-32% for 1, 1, 2-TCE, respectively. 4. Highly significant linear regression was found between the concentrations of the solvent in the blood and those in the expired air for each of 1, 1, 1- and 1, 1, 2-TCE. PMID- 7321283 TI - [Studies on the biological effects of low level lead exposures. Part 2. Biochemical responses and subjective symptoms in female lead workers (author's transl)]. AB - Females painters of ceramic works were examined for parameters of biochemical lead poisoning such as erythrocyte ALAD, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), ALA and coproporphyrin (CP) in the urine as well as parameters of lead absorption such as lead concentration in the blood and urine (PbB and PbU). Results were compared with those of male painters. At the same time, subjective symptoms were questioned in both male and female painters. Under the lead exposure levels of these painters (PbB 5-50 microgram/dl, PbU 10-200 microgram/l), FEP alone, among the four biochemical tests for lead poisoning, showed a different behaviour between the male and female painters. Among female painters, significant higher incidence of the symptom of "tiredness" was recognized when the PbB level became more than 20 microgram/dl and significant higher incidence of the "history of abortion" was seen as the PbU level became more than 60 microgram/l. However, any relationship between subjective symptoms and PbB or PbU level was not recognized among male painters. These results suggest that female painters are more susceptible to lead exposure than male painters. PMID- 7321284 TI - [Pulmonary functions observed by means of flow-volume curve in welders exposed to ozone (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary functions were observed by the flow-volume curve method on 68 healthy welders who had been exposed to comparatively high levels of ozone while engaged in arc welding process shielded by inert gas. The welders between 20 and 29 years of age were selected as subjects and classified into five groups according to ozone concentrations of the workshops. Results of pulmonary function tests were analyzed with reference to working experiences, dust concentrations of the workshops, smoking habits and air pollution levels of the location of factories. An attempt were made to evaluate the possible effects of prolonged exposure to ozone produced by welding upon the health or workers. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Values of both peak flow rate and maximum expiratory flow rate at 75% of vital capacity (V75) were decreased slightly in welder groups, but relationships between the observed values and ozone concentrations were not recognized. 2. Values of maximum expiratory flow rate at 25% of vital capacity (V25) of welders who had been exposed to ozone in concentration of 1.05 ppm or more were decreased significantly compared with groups exposed to ozone under 1.05 ppm. 3. In addition, values of both V25 and forced vital capacity (FVC) of the workers who had been engaged in welding for 4 years or more were significantly lower than those of the workers for less than 4 years of exposure. However, the relationship between the lung function values and smoking habits were not significant in both groups. 4. The decreases in V25 values were observed in several workers who had been exposed even to 0.46 ppm or higher (but under 1.05 ppm) ozone concentrations. 5. Relationships between the lung function values and either smoking habits or air pollutant levels of locations were not significant in all groups. PMID- 7321285 TI - [A role of the autonomic nervous system in alterations of blood pressure and heart rate induced by 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (author's transl)]. AB - An experiment was conducted to clarify effect of 1, 1, 1- trichloroethane (1, 1, 1-TCE) on blood pressure and heart rate, and to investigate the role of the autonomic nervous system in these responses. Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (25-30 mg/kg, i. v.) and the respiration was maintained artificially with positive pressure ventilation. Fifty mg/kg of 1, 1, 1-TCE was intravenously injected. The left kidney was exposed by flank incision, and discharges of efferent renal sympathetic nerve were recorded using bipolar platinum electrodes. 1, 1, 1-TCE induced 39.6 +/- 3.1% (mean +/- S. E.) diminution in systemic blood pressure compared to each pre-administration level, but the blood pressure gradually returned to the control level in the vagi intact group. A fall in blood pressure to 39.3 +/- 5.1% level was induced by 1, 1, 1-TCE in the group which had been bilaterally vagotomized or treated with atropine, but it was not significantly different from that in the vagi intact group. Immediately after the administration of 1, 1, 1-TCE, heart rate significantly decreased from 122, 3 +/- 9.1 to 86 +/- 5.6 beats/min in the vagi intact group, but remained unchanged in the vagotomy or atropine group. Discharges of efferent renal nerve were augmented and blood pressure fell, after injection of nitroglycerin. A decrease in the discharge of efferent renal sympathetic nerve and an increase in the blood pressure were observed after injection of norepinephrine. On the other hand, discharges obviously decreased dispite a fall in the blood pressure after administration of 1, 1, 1-TCE. This response showed that the decrease of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity may be related to the fall in the blood pressure after 1, 1, 1-TCE. On the basis of the results obtained, it is suggested that the autonomic nervous system may play a major role in the effects of 1, 1, 1-TCE on the blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7321286 TI - [An occupational health survey on dry cleaning workers (author's transl)]. AB - In order ot clarify the working conditions and health of dry cleaning workers, we investigated dry cleaning workshops in C ward of Nagoya City. We had the responses from 52 (91%) workshops and 181 (97%) workers. 26 (50%) of the workshops used petroleum solvents, 23 (46%) perchloroethylene, two (4%) 1, 1, 2 trichloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane (R 113), and one (2%) petroleum solvent plus perchloroethylene. Average amounts of solvents consumed per workshop were 1280 kg/year of petroleum solvents, 1450 kg/year of perchloroethylene, and 275 kg/year of R 113. Average number of workers employed in 19 workshops per workshop was 3.6 persons (median 2.0), and the remaining 33(63%) workshops had no employee. The workers complained of strange smell, irritation of eyes, unsteady feeling of head at high rate during week. They also had the high rate of complaints of shoulder stiffness, fatigability, lumbago, and the percentages of them were higher in the workers using petroleum solvents than those in the workers using perchloroethylene. More detailed surveys were made in 13 workshops out of 52. In these cases, average working hours were 11.1 per day and average years of using solvents were 12.9 in workshops using petroleum solvents, 8.4 in those using perchloroethylene including 3.1 years of petroleum solvents. Relatively high concentrations of solvents were detected under the nose of the workers pulling clothes out of dry cleaning machines, near the clothes just pulled out, and about 30 cm above the clothes at brushing with solvents before putting them into the machines. Perchloroethylene leaked from the dry cleaning machine in a workshop. Amount of the total trichlorinated compounds (TTC) in the urine of the workers directly engaged in dry cleaning with perchloroethylene tended to be larger than those of the indirect workers. TTC in both groups, however, were significantly larger than those in the control and in the workers using petroleum solvents. RBC, Hb, an Ht of the female workers in the petroleum solvents workshops were lower than those in perchloroethylene workshops. Liver function tests showed that the average values in the workers directly engaged in dry cleaning with perchloreothylene were significantly larger than those in the indirect workers. A case of malignant lymphoma, a case of liver dysfunction and a case of diabetes mellitus were found among workers directly engaged in dry cleaning. Workers in the small-sized dry cleaning workshops would not be prevented from exposure to organic solvents without the further improvement of administrative guidance and cooperation of the makers of dry cleaning machines and solvents. PMID- 7321287 TI - [Determination of plasma tin by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321288 TI - [Elemental mercury in the urine of workers exposed to mercury vapor -a survey in thermometer factories (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321289 TI - [A dual wavelength spectrophotometric measurement of carboxymyoglobin in rat perfused heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321290 TI - [Urinary metabolites of 3, 3'-dichlorobenzidine and their mutagenicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321291 TI - [Comparison of bilateral findings of pneumoconiosis on radiographs using score evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321292 TI - [A simplified method measuring the attenuation efficiency of earplugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321293 TI - Immune response of man to Habu-venom toxoid. AB - Immune response of man to various Habu-venom toxoids with different potencies was investigated. A linear relationship was observed between circulating anti-HRI and the amount of HRI toxoid used for the basic immunization. A highly purified toxoid was 2.5 times more effective in man than partially purified ones, when compared on the basis of the immunizing unit determined in guinea pigs. Out of 265 vaccinees, 202 (76.2%) produced anti-HRI exceeding 1 U/ml after two injections of the mixed toxoid and the rate rose to 96% after the booster immunization, when the preparation contained HR1 toxoid of not less than 9 ImU per dose. The rate fell to 58% and 28.5%, 12 months and 24 months after the last injection, respectively. Although booster immunization was effective to restore the declined antibody production, the level of anti-HR1 after the injection did not exceed that after the basic immunization in the groups primed with partially purified HR1 toxoid. Neither increased number of injection nor changed duration of intervals of successive injections for the basic immunization improved the immune response of man. Booster effect was slightly higher in the groups primed with a highly purified toxoid, but its magnitude was much smaller than that in the case of other kinds of toxoid (e.g. tetanus toxoid). Anti-HR2 was invariably higher than 1 U/ml, being more than 5-10 U/ml in many vaccinees. However, the behavior after the booster injection was similar to that of anti-HR1. Side reaction was not a serious obstacle in continuing immunization. The volunteers amounted to 8,206, but general reactions were rare, if any. However, allergic reactions of the vaccinees should carefully be checked, since repeated booster immunization may be necessary to maintain immunity. PMID- 7321294 TI - The changes of hematological and biochemical properties in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after importation. PMID- 7321295 TI - Clinical laboratory studies on blood properties of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 7321296 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in relation to age in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 7321297 TI - Postnatal changes of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA in blood and milk of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). PMID- 7321298 TI - Breeding performance of the cynomolgus monkey at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science. PMID- 7321299 TI - Some experiences of captive breeding of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri Sciureus). PMID- 7321300 TI - Natural virus infections in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7321301 TI - Naturally occurring diseases in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7321302 TI - Surgical management of polycystic kidney. PMID- 7321303 TI - Renal function studies in cystic renal diseases. PMID- 7321304 TI - Polycystic kidney disease sin Japanese pediatric patients: differential diagnosis of "infantile" and "adult" forms. PMID- 7321305 TI - Distal tubular sodium and calcium transport. PMID- 7321306 TI - Physiological significance of distribution of hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase inthe distal nephron segments. PMID- 7321308 TI - Renal involvement in systemic vasculitis - with special reference to intravascular coagulation in the kidney. PMID- 7321307 TI - Differences in functional properties between the early and the late segments of the distal tubule of amphibian (triturus) kidney. PMID- 7321309 TI - Pathological studies on the kidney of systemic arteritis. II. Animal model: comparative studies on the pathogenesis of arteritis and glomerulonephritis of SL/Ni and MRL/1. PMID- 7321310 TI - Morphological and clinical features of the kidney in Wegener's granulomatosis. A survey of 28 autopsies in Japan. PMID- 7321311 TI - Systemic vasculitis and its renal lesions. PMID- 7321312 TI - The significance of nephron heterogeneity. PMID- 7321314 TI - Experimental models of renal cystic disease. PMID- 7321313 TI - Driving forces for volume absorption along the proximal nephron. PMID- 7321315 TI - Clinical features and pathophysiology of polycystic kidney disease in man. PMID- 7321316 TI - [Occurrence and nature of subclinical acute glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321317 TI - [Exaggerated natriuresis in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321318 TI - [Courses of coagulation-fibrinolysis system and renal histological findings in aminonucleoside nephrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321319 TI - [Effects of intravenous nicardipine hydrochloride (YC 93), a calcium antagonist, on renal function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321320 TI - [Renal angiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of local extension of renal cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321321 TI - Quantitation of thallium-201 myocardial washout by serial rest myocardial imaging. PMID- 7321322 TI - [Correlation between extent of metastatic lesions in whole body bone scintigraphy of patients with prostatic cancer and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in blood by PAP RIA kit "EIKEN" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321323 TI - [Evaluation of right ventricular ejection fraction by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321324 TI - [Clinical evaluation of measurement of human serum thyroglobulin and thyroid scintigraphy for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321325 TI - [The value of PAP RIA in screening prostatic cancer and in detecting therapeutic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321326 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of TSH radioimmunoassay by CK-RTS kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321327 TI - [Measurement of serum digoxin by SPAC digoxin RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321328 TI - [Biodistribution of Tc-99m-rhenium colloid in rats: a comparison with Tc-99m sulfur colloid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321329 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine with microencapsulated anti-T4 specific antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321330 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of serum TSH measurement by Thyro-SHure kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321331 TI - [Auditory masking patterns in forward, backward, and simultaneous-masking situations (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate the temporal course of the frequency characteristics of the response elicited in the auditory system, pure-tone masking patterns were obtained at several time positions relative to the onset or the offset of the masker. The simultaneous masking patterns obtained suggest that the shape of the response distribution remained almost unchanged during the masker, although they are less informative compared to the other conditions because of interaction effects between the masker and the probe. The forward masking data illustrate the decay course of the distribution and are believed to give more reliable informations as to the frequency selectivity of the auditory system. The backward masking data, however, fail to give any tenable suggestions. The phenomenon of the shift in the maximum-masking-frequency was observed in all conditions and its underlying mechanisms were discussed. PMID- 7321332 TI - [Effects of various kinds of trainings on the discrimination learning in mental retarded children (author's transl)]. AB - Effect of various kinds of trainings on the discrimination learning in which the preferred dimension was irrelevant were assessed in retarded and normal children. In the normals, the effects of the attempts which were designed to direct subject's attention at the relevant dimension before the discrimination learning were found, but not in the retardates. In the retardates who prefer forms to colors but not in those who prefer colors to forms, however, the effects of the attempts during the discrimination learning were found. The result was discussed in relation to the retardates' difficulty of switiching their attention to nonpreferred dimension and to their short-term memory deficit. PMID- 7321333 TI - [Experimental study on ego functions of the blind: plastics Rorschach techniques (1) (author's transl)]. AB - Plastics Rorschach stimuli (PRS) were produced through the same randamization procedure as the Rorschach figures. Ego functions of the blind may be studied by the use of PRS to which even the complete blind can respond. METHOD: Subjects of normal visual acuity are 39 (22 males) and blind subjects 24 (20 males). Results : Differences between the eye mask condition and visual condition and between the group of normal visual acuity and the group of the blind were studied. These two results were compared with each other. Conculsions: PRS is one of the useful means to study the blind's ego functions as well as the roles of dermal sensation and visual perception in ego functions in general. PMID- 7321334 TI - [Regulation of muscle contraction]. PMID- 7321335 TI - Structure and function of smooth muscle, role of cell-to-cell coupling. PMID- 7321336 TI - [Neural regulatory factors in gastric motility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321337 TI - [Contraction of rabbit cerebral artery caused by elevated K+ in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - 1. When the blood from rabbit or from human was subjected to hemolysis in the test tubes, K-concentration of serum was elevated to about 40 mEq/l. According to these result, the effects of K ion of the concentration up to 30 mM on the contractile response were studied. 2. When the K-concentration was elevated to 10 mM or 20 mM, a transient relaxation was observed. The relaxation, however, was transient and reversed into contraction. No relaxation was observed when K concentration was elevated gradually. 3. Basilar artery showed higher sensitivity than carotid artery to the elevation of extracellular K-concentration and showed a contractile response to lower K-concentration. Sensitivity to noradrenaline, on the other hand, was lower than that of carotid artery. 4. The contraction by K was stronger in the preparation which showed spontaneous contractions. The contractile response to K was abolished by Ca removal, verapamil (10(-5) M), La (10(-4) M) or Mn (2 mM). 5. Phentramine (2 x 10(-5) M) depressed the contractile response. TTX (5 x 10(-7) g/ml), atropine(10(-6) M) or methysergide (5 x 10(-5) M) showed no effect on the contraction by K. It was suggested that, although the contractile response to elevated K may be due, in part, to the released cathecholamine, it was caused mainly by the direct action of K, especially by its depolarizing action. Since the action was stronger in the preparation which showed spontaneous contraction, the spike activity, in addition to the depolarization, might have important role for this contraction. The contraction may be brought about by influxed Ca caused by the depolarization and/or action potential (Ca spike). It was also suggested that this effect can be one of the cause of the spasm of cerebral blood vessels. PMID- 7321338 TI - [Manometric studies on asymmetry of lower esophageal sphincter in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Manometric pressure profile of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was measured with perfused 3-lumen tube (Sherwood Type I, Fr. 10) at 3 different directions at the same level in dogs. 1. Measurement in 8 mongrel dogs disclosed that LES pressure was significantly high at right anterior (2 o'clock) and left anterior (10 o'clock) directions compared with pressure at dorsal direction (6 o'clock). There was no statistically significant difference of LES length 3 different directions. 2. LES pressures and lengths were significantly increased and difference of LES pressures among 3 different directions was amplified by intravenous administration of 4 micrograms/kg/hr of Tetragastrin. 3. LES pressures and lengths were not affected by intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg/hr of Atropine sulfate. 4. LES pressures were preserved, but LES lengths were shortened by division of the phrenico-esophageal ligament. Difference of LES pressures among 3 different directions disappeared after this procedure. Division of the phrenico-esophageal ligament produced the "second" high pressure zone at directions of 2 and 10 o'clock. The present studies suggest that difference of LES pressures, or lengths in different directions is a product of anatomical structures of the hiatal muscle, and not of LES itself. PMID- 7321339 TI - [Myoelectrical and mechanical activity of dog colon (author's transl)]. AB - To study the movement of dog colon, bipolor electrodes and strain gauges were attached to the four different portions, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. Myoelectrical activities and mechanical activities were recorded simultaneously in the conscious state for one month. Slow waves were recorded more clearly in the proximal colon than in the distal colon. The frequencies of the slow waves were 5-6 cycles/min and were not altered by intravenous administration of motor stimulant agents. A spike activity complex was recorded more frequently in the distal colon than in the proximal colon. The spike activity complex usually appeared when contraction movement of the colon was active. The incidence of spike activity complex was mostly high in the descending colon. Contractile activity appeared once every minute with spike activity complex lasting for 10-30 minutes. On a low residual meal, mechanical activity and spike activity complex propagated from ascending colon to rectum were observed more distinctly than on usual dog food. PMID- 7321340 TI - [Computer analysis of colonic myoelectric activity in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The electric activity of the colon was studied in unanaesthetized dogs equipped with 4 bipolor electrodes in the colon. Computer analysis of signals was made. Recorded electrical activities in the colon were mainly consisted of 2 rhythmic patterns. One was a low frequency rhythm of 3.3 to 6.6 cycles/min and the other was a higher frequency rhythm of 9.2 to 13.4 cycles/min. However, the frequency varied within the two rhythmic patterns in the same portions of the colon. PMID- 7321341 TI - [Studies of pacing the canine stomach with electric stimulation for its possible clinical application (author's transl)]. AB - In dogs anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium, bipolar stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted on the gastric serosal surface and pacing effect of stimuli of rectangular current on the basic electric rhythm (BER) was examined. For judgement of pacing, the appearance of a compensatory pause after off stimulation was a useful criterion. When BER was recorded at the oral side of stimulation, antiperistaltic one was added. Maximum driven frequency (MDF) was 6.0 +/- 0.6 (SD) cycles/min. The relation between stimulus interval (x) and BER interval (y) was represented by y = x in the stimuli below MDF. In the stimulus frequency until 2 times of MDF above MDF, it was replaced by y = 2x. Phase lag between BERs of two separated points was increased as the stimulus frequency was increased up to MDF. This tendency was observed similarly within 2 times of MDF above MDF. Using a gastrointestinal fiberscope, electric stimulation was delivered from the gastric mucosal side, while BER was recorded from the serosal side in 5 dogs and was recorded with electrodes through the endoscope in 2 dogs. Pacing was possible, too. These results may indicate that pacing and recording of the BER using gastrointestinal fiberscope are applicable clinically. PMID- 7321342 TI - [A histopathological study on unilateral recurrent Masugi nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321343 TI - [Studies on urolithiasis: crystal aggregation in calcium oxalate stone formers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321344 TI - [Investigations of the causes of urolithiasis. 2. The influence of menstrual cycle on the excretion of citric acid and electrolytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321345 TI - [Lower urinary tract disturbance due to cerebrovascular accidents with special reference to the findings by brain computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321346 TI - [The follow-up study of pyeloplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321347 TI - [Thorotrast kidney accompanied with renal pelvic carcinoma --a report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321348 TI - [Immunologic studies on polymicrobial urinary infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321349 TI - [New criteria for bladder tumor staging by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321350 TI - [Studies on invasiveness and metastasis of bladder cancer. Ist report. A pathologic study of blood vessel and lymyhatics invasion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321351 TI - [Computed tomographic evaluation of the renal vein in the normal and tumor kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321352 TI - [A method of producing open hydronephrosis in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321353 TI - [A new modified catheter for voiding cystourethrography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321354 TI - [Borderline hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321355 TI - [Experimental studies on intravesical instillation of adriamycin enhanced with adjuvant hydrostatic pressure technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321356 TI - Clinical cases of intestinal obstruction with foreign bodies and intussusception in dogs. PMID- 7321357 TI - Occurrence of equine dermatophytosis in Hokkaido. PMID- 7321358 TI - Acute fatal pneumothorax in canine dirofilariasis. PMID- 7321359 TI - Experimental feline toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7321360 TI - Fate of Toxoplasma in cats after oral administration. PMID- 7321361 TI - Oocyst formation in cats survived after intraperitoneal inoculation of Toxoplasma cysts. PMID- 7321362 TI - Ulnar dimelia in a calf. PMID- 7321363 TI - Purification, immunochemical characteristics and quantification of low molecular weight IgM appearing in serum of chicken with avian lymphoid leukosis. PMID- 7321364 TI - Effects of grain overfeeding and histamine injection on physiological responses related to acute bovine laminitis. PMID- 7321365 TI - Pathogenesis of hydrometra-endometritis complex in rats. PMID- 7321366 TI - [Growth and regression course of canine transmissible sarcoma transplanted into beagles and mongrel dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321367 TI - Genetic studies of new blood group C system on red cells of beagles. PMID- 7321368 TI - Individual difference within the cat blood group detected by isohemagglutinin. PMID- 7321369 TI - Electron microscopic observations of the renal changes in bovine amyloidosis. PMID- 7321370 TI - Effect of soft X-ray irradiation on the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes of mice. PMID- 7321371 TI - Some metabolic interrelationships among cadmium, lead, copper and zinc: results from a field survey in CD-polluted areas in Japan. Part II. Fecal excretion of the heavy metals. PMID- 7321372 TI - Some metabolic interrelationships among cadmium, lead, copper and zinc: results from a field survey in CD-polluted areas in Japan. Part III. Urinary excretion of the heavy metals. PMID- 7321373 TI - Retrograde brushing to the urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract for early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7321374 TI - [Symposium: Pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321375 TI - [Symposium: Causes and differential diagnosis of pleural effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321376 TI - [Complete and partial removal of the pancreas in the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321377 TI - [Surgical treatment of external pancreatic fistulae]. PMID- 7321379 TI - [Blood circulation in the pancreas and pancreatic function in compression stenosis of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 7321378 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in the pathogenesis of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321380 TI - [Surgical procedure in pancreatic cysts spreading into the mediastinum]. PMID- 7321381 TI - [Postoperative pancreatitis in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7321382 TI - [Intensive care after radical operations for neoplasms of the pancreas and periampullar area]. PMID- 7321383 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7321384 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis in biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7321385 TI - [Effective drainage of suppurative foci in acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321386 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7321387 TI - [Genesis of hemodynamic disorders in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321388 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis of cholelithic and alcoholic etiology]. PMID- 7321389 TI - [Combined treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321390 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321391 TI - [Effective therapy of acute postoperative pancreatitis with a history of decompensated diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7321392 TI - [Occlusion of the pancreatic duct as a treatment method in chronic primary suppurative pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321393 TI - [Extensive papillectomy in cancer of the Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 7321394 TI - [Anti-infection immunity during combined treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7321395 TI - [Nonepithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7321396 TI - [Tumors of the small intestine and its mesentery]. PMID- 7321397 TI - [Lymphangioma of the small intestine mesentery]. PMID- 7321398 TI - [Neoplasms of the small intestine]. PMID- 7321399 TI - [Immediate and late results of surgical treatment of primary liver tumors]. PMID- 7321400 TI - [Results of the treatment of elderly patients with rectal cancer]. PMID- 7321401 TI - [Prevention of lymphogenic metastases in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7321402 TI - [Synchronous multiple primary tumors of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 7321403 TI - [Remote results of the treatment of colon cancer]. PMID- 7321404 TI - [Sarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 7321405 TI - [Lymphograms in dyshormonal hyperplasia of the breast]. PMID- 7321406 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7321407 TI - [Results of interscapular-thoracic amputation in malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7321408 TI - [Reconstructive plastic operations in surgical and combined treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7321409 TI - [Respiratory disorders at late periods after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 7321410 TI - [Complex x-ray examination in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms]. PMID- 7321411 TI - [Treatment of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 7321412 TI - [Surgical treatment of skin cancer of the limbs]. PMID- 7321413 TI - [Late results of surgical treatment of atrial septal defects]. PMID- 7321414 TI - [Duodenal leiomyoma]. PMID- 7321415 TI - [Metastasis of hypernephroid cancer into the stomach wall]. PMID- 7321416 TI - [Inflammatory tumors of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7321417 TI - [Giant osteochondroma of the ribs]. PMID- 7321418 TI - [Lipomatosis of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7321419 TI - [Primary tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 7321420 TI - [Suppurative infection in surgery (the status of the problem and the immediate tasks)]. PMID- 7321421 TI - [Surgical problems of the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7321422 TI - [Current principles of the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7321423 TI - [Successes and further paths in the development of heart and vascular surgery]. PMID- 7321424 TI - [Current problems of lung surgery]. PMID- 7321425 TI - [Achievements and tasks of Soviet surgery]. PMID- 7321426 TI - [Pediatric surgery]. PMID- 7321427 TI - [Current problems of microsurgery]. PMID- 7321428 TI - [Treatment of spontaneous nonspecific hemopneumothorax]. PMID- 7321429 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of staphylococcal lung destruction]. PMID- 7321430 TI - [Surgical procedure in abdominal cavity organic injuries in children]. PMID- 7321431 TI - [Reinfusion of ultraviolet-irradiate blood in the treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency]. PMID- 7321432 TI - [Treatment of postburn cicatricial deformations of the neck]. PMID- 7321433 TI - [Surgical diagnosis of cholangiolithiasis]. PMID- 7321434 TI - [Phase nature of the rheological disorders in diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7321435 TI - [Use of iodopiron for treating the suppurative wounds after heart operations]. PMID- 7321436 TI - [Changes in total protein, protein fractions, urea and creatine in duodenal ulcer and cholelithiasis before and after surgery]. PMID- 7321437 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pancreatic pseudocysts]. PMID- 7321438 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of suppurative echinococcal cysts of the liver]. PMID- 7321439 TI - [Extraperitonization of the duodenal stump in a Billroth II resection: technic and results]. PMID- 7321440 TI - [Incidence, type and characteristics of ileus following surgical interventions in gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 7321441 TI - [Widely spread phlegmons originating in the pararectal area]. PMID- 7321442 TI - [Pyrimidine stimulation of regeneration and protective mechanisms in surgery]. PMID- 7321443 TI - [Burns caused by application of various substances]. PMID- 7321444 TI - [Differential diagnostic problems in emergency urological and surgical diseases]. PMID- 7321445 TI - [Study of intestinal motility by an intraluminal tube through the artificial anus]. PMID- 7321446 TI - [Rectal prolapse in young children and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7321447 TI - [Long-term anticoagulant treatment: basic drug therapy of chronic arterial insufficiency of the extremities]. PMID- 7321448 TI - [Atypical (extrapancreatic) localizations of the gastrinoma in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7321449 TI - [Unusual localization of a dermoid cyst]. PMID- 7321450 TI - [Leiomyofibroma of the bladder in a female]. PMID- 7321451 TI - [Renal oncocytoma in our practice]. PMID- 7321452 TI - [Aortoventriculoplasty: a new method for plastic dilatation of obstructions in the outlet of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7321453 TI - [Prospects of activities of the section on blindness prevention: leading lecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321454 TI - [Analysis of eyeball enucleation causes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321456 TI - [Causes of unilateral and bilateral blindness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321455 TI - [Analysis of blindness causes in inpatients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321457 TI - [Causes of vision loss in children treated in the Sanatorium for Chronic Eye Diseases in Zakopane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321458 TI - [Causes of blindness in the institutions for the blind in Bydgoszcz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321459 TI - [Analysis of blindness causes in the population of the province of Szczecin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321460 TI - [Incidence and type of eye injuries in patients treated in the last 15 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321461 TI - [Injury as a cause of visual loss in inpatients from the period 1975-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321462 TI - [Blindness following injuries to the visual system in patients in a mining industry health service hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321463 TI - [Traffic injuries to the visual organ (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321464 TI - [Disability due to visual loss after trauma in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321465 TI - [Injuries of the visual system in the light of medicolegal expertises (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321466 TI - [Blindness caused by intraocular foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321467 TI - [Tumours of the eye and orbit as a cause of blindness in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321468 TI - [Acute optic disc ischaemia as a cause of blindness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321469 TI - [Uveitis as a cause of visual acuity impairment in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321470 TI - [High-grade visual acuity impairment caused by parasite-induced uveoretinitis during toxocara canis infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321471 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy as a cause of blindness in social aspect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321472 TI - [Problems of actual and organizational assistance to patients with amblyopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321473 TI - [Selected problems of rehabilitation of persons disabled due to visual system diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321474 TI - [Resocialization of the disabled with visual loss (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321475 TI - [Analysis of factors facilitating the blind to adapt to work: I. Rehabilitation effect on employment rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321476 TI - [Analysis of factors facilitating the blind to adapt to work: II. Effect of preserved vision and other factors on resuming occupational work and on its type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321477 TI - [The application of soft contact lens in unilateral post-traumatic aphakia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321478 TI - [Ultrasounds and pharmacological treatment in optic nerve atrophy of different aetiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321479 TI - [Early results of scleroplasty in surgical treatment of progressive myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321480 TI - [Trabeculectomy in treatment of congenital glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321481 TI - [Evaluation of the visual system in personnel working with laser radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321482 TI - [ERG investigation in the diagnosis of blindness and vision impairment in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321483 TI - Decreased production or increased turnover of antithrombin III in severe acquired coagulopathy? AB - During the course of severe coagulopathy in an infant suffering from septicaemia and shock, antithrombin III levels were determined repeatedly before and during substitution therapy with human antithrombin. By mathematical analysis of these data, using a biexponential function, the plasma elimination half-life of the antithrombin III was estimated to be 7.5-10.5 h. Compared with known plasma half lives of radioactively labelled antithrombin III in adults the increase was five to ten-fold. This indicates that the significantly decreased levels of antithrombin III in this case of coagulopathy were at least partly due to an accelerated consumption of antithrombin III. The estimation of the plasma elimination half-life of antithrombin III helps to differentiate decreased production from increased consumption in cases of severe coagulopathy. Thus, a more precise diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation can be made whilst taking advantage of substitution therapy and avoiding the hazards of radioactive tracer proteins. PMID- 7321484 TI - [Bromocriptine in patients with idiopathic edema (author's transl)]. AB - The diuretic therapy of patients with idiopathic edema is known to induce a secondary aldosteronism, which perpetuates edema formation and exacerbates the clinical symptoms. The observation of a decreased excretion of dopamine in these patients suggests that a treatment with the orally active dopamine agonist bromocriptine might be beneficial. Nine patients with typical symptoms of idiopathic edema, which had been present for several years, were treated with bromocriptine (Pravidel) 2 X 2.5 mg/die. The response to therapy was assessed clinically by the normalization of diurnal weight gain and general well-being. Seven patients showed a good response to bromocriptine, in one patient the response was only modest, and in one patient the medication had to be stopped because of nausea. Bromocriptine normalized diurnal weight gain without inducing weight loss. Both without therapy and during bromocriptine treatment electrolytes in serum, blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone are within the normal range. From the present pilot study it can be concluded that bromocriptine is an effective alternative to the traditional diuretic therapy in some patients with idiopathic edema. It remains unclear, whether the beneficial effect of bromocriptine reveals a dopamine deficiency, or whether bromocriptine is only a symptomatic treatment. PMID- 7321485 TI - Investigations on the origin of hallux valgus by electromyographic analysis. PMID- 7321486 TI - Tuberculosis survey (I) in Bay (Philippines). PMID- 7321487 TI - Response of human leucocytes to yellow fever virus infection in vitro. PMID- 7321488 TI - Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in smooth muscle and its possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover. PMID- 7321489 TI - Gel filtration pattern of cadmium, zinc, and copper in liver and renal cortex supernatants of cadmium-treated monkeys. PMID- 7321490 TI - [Case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7321491 TI - [Medical philosophy of the clinical practitioner]. PMID- 7321492 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in the training of students in internal medicine]. PMID- 7321493 TI - [Main problems in the prevention of chronic stomach diseases]. PMID- 7321494 TI - [Problem of the heterogeneity of hemoglobinopathies]. PMID- 7321495 TI - [Why do women develop cholelithiasis more often than men?]. PMID- 7321496 TI - [Anti-arteriosclerotic diet in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7321497 TI - [Myocardial contractility in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7321498 TI - [Correction of lipid metabolism disorders in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7321499 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in systemic scleroderma treated with d penicillamine]. PMID- 7321500 TI - [Blood vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva and fundus oculi in hypertension]. PMID- 7321501 TI - [Premature ventricular repolarization syndrome]. PMID- 7321502 TI - [Echocardiography and impulse echodopplercardiography in patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 7321503 TI - [Method of increasing the activity of the blood coagulation system in gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7321504 TI - [Surgical treatment of Vater's ampulla stenosis and common bile duct calculi in elderly patients]. PMID- 7321505 TI - [Remote results of gastrectomy for cancer]. PMID- 7321506 TI - [Method of studying the venous system in patients with venous diseases of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7321507 TI - [Acupuncture in endarteritis obliterans of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7321508 TI - [Giant solitary adenoma of the liver]. PMID- 7321509 TI - [Prevention of frequent paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia by combined use of anti-arrhythmia drugs]. PMID- 7321510 TI - [Myocardial infarct in pregnancy]. PMID- 7321511 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase on the surface potential disorders of mitochondria treated with ultraviolet light exposed methyl linoleate. PMID- 7321512 TI - Testicular infarction in the newborn--case report and review of literature. PMID- 7321513 TI - Production of ovarian tumors by hormone administration. PMID- 7321514 TI - Development of experimental tumors in the ovary of a rat after transplantation into spleen. PMID- 7321516 TI - Bilateral fenestration of the vertebral artery in a case with cerebral aneurysm. PMID- 7321515 TI - Clinical evaluation of computed tomography in esophageal cancer. PMID- 7321517 TI - An interhemispheric subdural hematoma in a hemophiliac. PMID- 7321518 TI - A case of cerebral aneurysm associated with an anomalous middle cerebral artery. PMID- 7321519 TI - Huge congenital angioma of the scalp. A case report. PMID- 7321520 TI - Developmental difference in noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) levels in rat whole brain. PMID- 7321521 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation in infants with intracranial lesions. PMID- 7321522 TI - Degradation of membrane components by Kupffer cell lysosomes. PMID- 7321523 TI - Detection of Theiler's virus RNA in mouse central nervous system by in situ hybridization. AB - The location and distribution of viral RNA were examined in the central nervous system tissues of weanling mice acutely infected with the GDVII strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. Viral RNA was detected by autoradiography following in situ hybridization of a 3H-labeled DNA synthesized in vitro complementary to purified viral RNA. Viral RNA was detected in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, brainstem nuclei, thalamus, basal ganglia, and spinal cord. Autoradiographic grains could be detected in the axonal and dendritic processes of many infected neurons. No viral RNA was detected in any cell of the cerebellum or white matter. In addition to demonstrating the location of viral RNA in infected central nervous system tissues, and hence the sites of viral replication during this acute polioencephalomyelitis, they indicate that necrosis of hippocampal neurons is due to lytic infection, rather than to hypoxia. PMID- 7321524 TI - Spectrum of acute renal failure in nephrotic syndrome with minimal (or minor) glomerular lesions. Role of hemodynamic factors. PMID- 7321525 TI - Activities of lysosomal enzymes in isolated glomeruli. Alterations in experimental nephrosis. AB - To study the role of lysosomal enzymes in glomeruli, we examined specific activities of lysosomal hydrolases in isolated glomeruli and, for comparison in isolated tubules, from rat kidney cortex of normal animals and animals with puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN). Nephrotic syndrome was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of aminonucleoside and the rats were sacrificed at the time of peak proteinuria. Colloidal iron staining of renal cortex demonstrated decreased staining for the epithelial polyanion in animals with PAN. Lysosomal enzymes were determined by fluorogenic and colorimetric methods. In normal kidney, total specific activities of cathepsin beta 1, beta-2 fucosidase, acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and arylsulfatase were lower in glomeruli compared with tubules and with tissue slices of the same kidney. Total activity of acid phosphatase was higher in glomeruli than tubules. In glomeruli of PAN rats, there were lower activities of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, D fucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucoronidase, and arylsulfatase compared with control rats. Activity of acid phosphatase, on the other hand, was higher in glomeruli of PAN than control rats. All differences were statistically significant. These studies demonstrate that (1) activities of lysosomal enzymes in normal glomeruli and in glomeruli of nephrotic rats have a property distinct from the rest of the kidney, and (2) the specific activities of lysosomal hydrolases are altered in glomeruli of rats with PAN. These studies suggest that changes in activities of lysosomal enzymes may be related to pathogenesis of this glomerulopathy. PMID- 7321526 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocyte survival and proliferation in an active established lesion. AB - Oligodendrocytes have been studied ultrastructurally in relationship to areas of active demyelination in multiple sclerosis. The tissue came from a central nervous system plaque sampled at biopsy during a neurosurgical procedure to correct severe intention tremor in a case of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Cells interpreted as oligodendrocytes were abundant within the demyelinated zone, were easily identifiable, and sometimes occurred as nests of cells suggestive of proliferation. Oligodendrocytes were also common within areas of active demyelination where numerous macrophages displayed active phagocytosis of myelin. These oligodendrocytes were paler and perhaps represented residual, surviving cells. In the relatively normal white matter adjacent to the plaque, increased numbers of oligodendrocytes occurred in association with remyelination. In the demyelinated zone, the astrocyte:macrophage:oligodendrocyte ratio was 1:2.25:4.5; within the region of ongoing demyelination, 1:4:4; and in the adjacent white matter, 1:0.1:2.1. On the basis of an apparent proliferation and survival of oligodendrocytes, the findings support the notions that there is no selective depletion of oligodendrocytes either during or shortly following central nervous system demyelination in multiple sclerosis, and that the myelin sheath is the primary target. PMID- 7321527 TI - Isolation and culture of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes from single rat livers: with observations on iron-loaded kupffer cells. PMID- 7321528 TI - Isoferritins in rat Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, and extrahepatic macrophages. Biosynthesis in cell suspensions and cultures in response to iron. AB - Cultures of Kupffer cells and of hepatocytes, prepared from single rat livers, synthesized ferritin protein equally efficiently. In culture but not in suspension, both sorts of cells responded significantly to stimulation with iron by increased ferritin synthesis. As determined by isoelectric focusing, the isoferritin profiles of newly synthesized 14C-labeled Kupffer cell and hepatocyte ferritin were identical, each having three bands. However, unlabeled ferritin, extracted from nonparenchymal liver cells (mainly Kupffer and endothelial cells) of iron-loaded rats, contained an acidic isoferritin that was not present in hepatocyte ferritin. Investigation of ferritin synthesis in cultured peritoneal and alveolar macrophages yielded similar results. The isofocusing profile of newly synthesized peritoneal macrophage ferritin was indistinguishable from the profile of fresh Kupffer cell or hepatocyte ferritin. Thus, the three isoferritins common to Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, and extrahepatic macrophages are neither cell- nor tissue-specific. However, modifications on intracellular storage may affect the isofocusing properties. The findings, although consistent with the LnH24-n subunit model of ferritin protein, indicate identical restrictive genomic control of the H:L ratios in these sorts of cells. Further, they make it probable that Kupffer cell ferritin iron, originating by endogenous synthesis, is the principal source of Kupffer cell hemosiderin iron. PMID- 7321529 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of medicagenic acid in lucerne (alfalfa) leaf protein concentrate. PMID- 7321530 TI - Purification, Identification and quantification of an Egg-weight-depressing factor (vicine) in fababeans (Vicia faba L.). PMID- 7321531 TI - Studies on black gram (Vigna mungo) trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 7321532 TI - Precipitation of proteins from potato juice with bentonite. PMID- 7321533 TI - A third beta-gliadin from Cappelle-Desprez Wheat. PMID- 7321534 TI - Determination of organic acids and sugars in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7321535 TI - The effect of fermentation on the biological value of milk proteins evaluated using rats. A study on Swedish fermented milk products. PMID- 7321536 TI - Radiological examination of the rabbit. The head, thorax and vertebral column. PMID- 7321537 TI - Radiology in tortoises, terrapins and turtles as an aid to diagnosis. PMID- 7321538 TI - Radiological refresher--no. 17. Radiology of the mediastinum. PMID- 7321540 TI - Milk substitutes and the hand rearing of orphan puppies and kittens. PMID- 7321539 TI - Portosystemic encephalopathy in two young dogs: some additional diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7321541 TI - Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a dog. PMID- 7321542 TI - Detection of pregnancy in the bitch: a study of abdominal palpation, A-mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound techniques. PMID- 7321543 TI - Haematology estimation by means of the "Compur" system compared with methods in standard use. PMID- 7321545 TI - Application of the photo-conductivity detector to the liquid chromatographic analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological fluids. PMID- 7321544 TI - Some realities and results of proficiency testing of laboratories performing toxicological analyses. AB - The results of proficiency testing and performance monitoring of laboratories that undertake the identification and quantitation of drugs present in physiological specimens on a fee-for-service basis are examined. In spite of an accompanying history strongly suggesting the presence of one or more specific compounds in a given specimen, a surprising number of laboratories failed in the identification of the compound or false identification was encountered. Similarly, a disappointing number of the reported quantitative results were outside an arbitrarily assumed acceptable range of 85 to 115% of the various target (putative) values. The results reported by referee laboratories were also less uniform than expected. Considering the charges made to customers for such analyses, it is reasonable to expect a better quality of performance. Some comments on the possible means of achieving this will be made. PMID- 7321546 TI - Utilization of direct liquid inlet LC/MS in studies of pharmacological and toxicological importance. AB - The temperature of the droplets produced at the tip of the direct liquid inlet liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (DLI LC/MS) probe decreases to about -70 degrees during the adiabatic evaporation of the droplet in the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. Broadening of peaks eluting from the probe is acceptable, being about 80 microL in volume, as shown by the DLI LC/MS analysis of cortisone, dexamethasone, and corticosterone in both the positive and the negative chemical ionization (PCI and NCI) modes. The minimum amount of sample which can be injected is about 10 ng in the scanning mode and about 100 pg in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode as shown by the analysis of bromocriptine and bromocriptinine. Other thermally-labile and/or non-volatile compounds analyzed by this system in the PCI and/or the NCI modes included ergotamine, esculin, sulfamethazine, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, alpha-tocopherol, cocaine, 8 chloro-theophylline, and dicophol. Non-ultraviolet absorbing carbohydrates were also analyzed, including sucrose (NCI), permethylated maltotriose, and partially hydrolyzed, derivitized lichenan and starch. By a flow switching technique, bromocriptine in a Pariodel tablet, ergot alkaloids in a Hydergine drop solution, and bromocriptine and bromocriptinine in whole urine could be analyzed without prior extraction. PMID- 7321547 TI - Evaluation of the Radiometer Ion Scanning System 820 for the analysis of lead in urine. AB - We have evaluated the application and performance characteristics of a system that utilizes potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA); an electrochemical technique recently proposed for use in the routine determination of lead in urine. Its advantages over current methods for urinary lead are its low cost and minimal requirements for sample pretreatment. We adapted the published procedure to enable the use of a single protocol over a wide lead concentration range (10 500 microgram/L). Using spiked urine pools, we found the precision and recovery to be acceptable for clinical usage over this range. A comparative study using individual spiked patient urines demonstrated good correlation with a bismuth hydroxide coprecipitation/atomic absorption (AA) procedure [Y (microgram/L, PSA) = -11 microgram/L + 1.10X (microgram/L, AA); S y times x = 32 microgram/L; Sa = 15 microgram/L; Sb = 0.08, N = 22]. Approximately 10% of the randomly chosen urines in this study exhibit negative interferences with the PSA method. However, these interferences were readily recognizable when using a standard addition technique to obtain concentrations from analytical signals, and were resolvable following either dilution with dilute acid or addition of Triton X-100. While we consider the system's performance characteristics acceptable, the length of time required for each urine lead determination (approximately 40 minutes) is a notable limitation to the routine clinical adoption of the instrument in its current configuration. PMID- 7321548 TI - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of therapeutic drug levels in human plasma. AB - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a technique which has been known for a number of years, but despite its many advantages, its has not seen clinical utility. The main reason for this is the lack of simple, rapid, high performance instrumentation suitable for use in a clinical laboratory. This problem has been addressed in this laboratory and an instrument has been developed which meets these needs. The solutions of the two other problems associated with the technique (i.e. non-specific binding of tracer to serum proteins and the intrinsic fluorescence of serum) have also been accomplished. Assays for a variety of therapeutic drugs including gentamicin, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital have been developed and shown to correlate well with a number of reference method. The assays have been totally automated with a concomitant increase in speed and ease of use and a significant improvement in performance over the manual system. PMID- 7321549 TI - Analysis for volatile compounds in biological samples. PMID- 7321550 TI - EMG related to anaerobic threshold. PMID- 7321551 TI - The relationship between exercise intensity levels of two predictive heart rate equations and per cent maximal oxygen consumption. PMID- 7321552 TI - An in-vivo method of measuring strength and fatigue in small mammals. PMID- 7321553 TI - Percentage of maximal heart rate and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. PMID- 7321554 TI - Changes in the metabolic cost of standardized work associated with the use of an oral contraceptive. PMID- 7321555 TI - Biological and haematological modifications after two years of physical activity in middle-aged men. PMID- 7321556 TI - The use of selected submaximal step tests in predicting change in the maximal oxygen intake of college women. PMID- 7321557 TI - Physiological parameters measured one year after completion of a college aerobics course. PMID- 7321558 TI - The effects of two breathing patterns on selected physiological parameters during a 200-yard simulated freestyle swim in male swimmers. PMID- 7321559 TI - A comparison of the effects of Dianabol and methyltestosterone on muscle contraction and fatigue. PMID- 7321560 TI - Selected fitness parameters of college female lacrosse players. PMID- 7321561 TI - The effects of aerobic dance conditioning on the body composition and maximal oxygen uptake of college women. PMID- 7321562 TI - A high incidence of urolithiasis in male marathon runners. PMID- 7321563 TI - Sudden death and physical exertion. PMID- 7321564 TI - Anaplastic seminoma: an analysis of eight cases with literature review. PMID- 7321565 TI - Inflammatory cancer of the breast: analysis of 114 cases. AB - One hundred and fourteen cases of inflammatory breast cancer were reviewed. Actuarial survival curves, independent of the stage and type of treatment, showed a median survival of less than 15 months. As regards the three different subgroups of 80, 14, and 20 women, N0-1-2M0, N3M1 respectively, the acutuarial survival curves showed figures of median survival that decreased from 14 to 4 months, according to the extent of the disease. Survival rates for the subgroups of patients treated by radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone were not significantly different. Neither the more sophisticated therapeutic approaches intended to modify the hormonal medium of the patients, nor the combined chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, proved to be successful. Inflmmatory breast cancer should be considered a systemic disease; consequently, in spite of discouraging results, only a systemic therapeutic approach, consisting of aggressive combination chemotherapy and perhaps immunostimulation, seems worthwhile. PMID- 7321566 TI - Histological and ultrastructural changes in rat kidney after cryosurgery. AB - Effect of cryoinjury to normal rat kidney was studied at the light and electron microscope level, and characterization of the time course of pathologic changes in kidney tissue after cryosurgery was described from 1 hr up to 14 days after production of a standard cryolesion. Cryoinjury to the kidney resulted in sharply demarcated lesions with minimal inflammatory response during the period of cell destruction and healing by fibrosis. Cellular protein was completely coagulated within 1 hr after cryoinjury, with crystallization of protein and disruption of membranes. Cellular disruption was rapid, and the clearance of cellular debris from the area of injury by macrophage infiltration was accomplished through a quite mild inflammatory reaction. Supporting stromal elements of renal parenchyma remained intact, including collagen tubular framework and basement membranes, and formed the lattice over which fibrosis developed. PMID- 7321567 TI - Immunogenicity and cross-protection among B16 melanoma variants with differing proclivities to metastasize. AB - We report here the lack of any relationship between immunogenicity and the potential to metastasize among four B16 melanoma variants. Groups of C57BL/6J mice were immunized with one of four B16 variant lines (maintained by serial IM passage) that were shown in separate experiments to produce the following incidences of pulmonary metastases four to six weeks after isograft excision: M1, 10%-15%; M2 10%-20%; M3, 75%-80%; and M4, 75%-90%. After immunization, mice were challenged with one of the four variant lines in a crisscross fashion. Two challenge doses for each line were chosen on the basis of earlier experiments showing 100% and 50% challenge tumor take in nonimmunized animals. Despite earlier work published from this laboratory showing that splenocytes harvested from immunized mice could distinguish antigenic differences among the B16 variants, we could find no significant difference in immunogenicity or cross protection among the lines regardless of their metastatic potential. We conclude that no correlation exists between the antigenic differences shown by in vitro splenocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assays among the B16 variants and in vivo immunogenicity or cross-protection experiments. Futhermore, the relationship (if any) between immunogenicity and the ability to metastasize among these B16 variants is not straightforward. PMID- 7321569 TI - Steroid receptors in a group of Brazilian breast cancer patients. AB - Two hundred and forty-two primary breast cancers were assayed for estrogen receptors (ER). Of these, 202 were analyzed for progesterone receptors (PR) and 155 for glucocorticoid receptors (GR). ER was positive in 58% of the specimens; PR and GR were positive in 57%. A positive association was found between ER but not PR or GR frequency and age. Frequency of ER, PR, and GR positivity was approximately the same in premenopausal and postmenopausal women but ER content was much higher in postmenopausal women. About 70% of ER+ patients were also PR+ and GR+. Both frequency of PR positivity as well as average concentration, and frequency of GR positivity as well as average concentration were positively correlated with ER. PMID- 7321568 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma to endocrine manipulation. AB - The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. The following study compares tumor weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of tumors. Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or diethylstilbestrol treatments were initiated when the tumors were palpable (day 21) and continued until the tumors were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and diethylstilbestrol treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by tumor weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with tumor weight. Tumors grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or diethylstilbestrol treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and diethylstilbestrol-treated animals. However, tumors grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of prostatic carcinoma response to therapy. PMID- 7321570 TI - [Plasma and tissues distribution of misonidazole (RO 07-0582) in the rat bearing a chimio induced tumor (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The hypoxic cell-radiosensitizing drug misonidazole or 2 nitro imidazole was administered by intraperitoneal way at a dose of 25 mg/100 g to Wistar rats bearing a chimio-induced sarcoma. Drug plasma and tissues concentrations were determined by HPLC analysis. The diffusion of the drug in different tissues and tumor was very short: plasmatic and tissular peak levels were obtained 10 to 30 min. after injection. 2. Misonidazole concentrations in muscle, brain, tumor, liver and kidney were 50%, 47%, 36%, 9% and 13% of plasma level. No significative difference of the drug concentration were observed between the center and the outside zone of the tumor. 3. However, half-life of misonidazole in the center of tumor was much shorter than in the outside of the tumor, demonstrating its radiosensitizing properties. PMID- 7321571 TI - Effect of dopamine and apomorphine on bone circulation. AB - 1. The effects of dopamine and apomorphine were studied on the nutrient artery perfusion pressure in dog tibia after constant--flow autoperfusion of the nutrient artery for femoral arterial blood. The carotid arterial pressure was also recorded. 2. Dopamine always induced a rise in nutrient artery perfusion pressure which was reduced or abolished, but never reversed, by alpha-blocking drugs. 3. Apomorphine only elicited a weak and inconstant decrease in the nutrient artery perfusion pressure. Apomorphine vasodilatation was not antagonized by haloperidol, alpha-blocking drugs, sympathetic denervation, propranolol, atropine or mepyramine. Apomorphine induced a non-specific relaxation of the intraosseous vasculature. 4. Thus, this study found with dopamine only a vasoconstrictor effect. These results found no evidence for the existence of dopaminergic receptors in the intraosseous vascular bed. PMID- 7321572 TI - Effects of adrenolytic drugs on the antihypertensive action of beta-blocking agents in the acute neurogenic hypertensive dog. AB - 1. The antihypertensive action of three beta-blocking agents (dl-propranolol, dl atenolol and butoxamine) was studied before and after pretreatment with adrenolytic drugs (reserpine and guanethidine) in acute neurogenic hypertensive (sino-aortic denervated) anesthetized dogs. 2. High doses of reserpine (2 mg/kg s.c.) suppressed both the effects of sino-aortic denervation and the antihypertensive action of dl-propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) 3. Pretreatment with reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.) or guanethidine (15 mg/kg i.v.) delayed the manifestation of the antihypertensive action of dl-propranolol (1 mg/kg) observed in untreated (control) animals. 4. In a similar way, both dl-atenolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) and butoxamine (1 mg/kg i.v.) lost their antihypertensive effects after reserpinization. 5. These results indicate that the antihypertensive action of the three studied beta-blocking agents seen in debuffered animals depends upon the integrity of peripheral sympathetic nervous system under our experimental conditions. These effects are compatible with the view that beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents may exert, at least partly, their antihypertensive action through blockade of peripheral beta prejunctional adrenoceptors. PMID- 7321573 TI - [Effects of tabernanthine on various cardiovascular parameters in the rat and dog (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Tabernanthine produced, in anaesthetized Rat and Dog, bradycardia and hypotension which remained after atropine or vagotomy. Bradycardia was significant from 0,5-0,8 mg . kg-1. The degree of hypotension depended upon the anaesthetic. 2. Effects of tabernanthine on cardiovascular parameters in anaesthetized Dog (blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular pressure, dp/dt, cardiac potency, cardiac work and ventricular ejection volume) are described. There were no changes of noradrenaline, acetylcholine, tyramine or 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced cardiovascular effects by tabernanthine. 3. Bradycardia occurred also after per os tabernanthine administration in unanaesthetized Dog. 4. Tabernanthine reduced Rat isolated and perfused heart frequency. 5. It is suggested that tabernanthine has a direct action on myocardial muscle, probably by modification of calcium exchanges. PMID- 7321574 TI - [Action of piribedil on synaptic transmission in the cockroach central nervous system (Periplaneta americana L.) (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Experiments were performed on the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded using the single-fibre oil-gap technique and mannitol-gap technique. 2. Piribedil (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) which did not alter neurons conduction in pre- and postsynaptic fibers, depressed unitary EPSPs as well as evoked EPSPs. 3. The acetylcholine depolarizing response was consistently reduced in ganglia pretreated with piribedil. 4. It is suggested that piribedil acts on cholinergic postsynaptic receptors as an antagonist. PMID- 7321575 TI - [Influence of nephrectomy on the antihypertensive effects of propranolol in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The effect of bilateral nephrectomy (24 hours before) on the antihypertensive action of dl-propranolol (1 mg/kg iv) was studied in acute neurogenic hypertensive dogs. 2. Bilateral nephrectomy induced an increase in plasma urea and creatinine, a decrease in protein values but did not change the other plasma values (table I). 3. Propranolol always induced a decrease in blood pressure (fig. 1) and heart rate (fig. 2) in bilateral nephrectomized dogs. 4. These results suggest that renal mechanisms (especially modifications of renin release) did not play a predominant or exclusive role in the antihypertensive action of beta-blocking agents under our experimental conditions. PMID- 7321576 TI - A computer-aided method for the quantitative analysis of dendritic arborizations reconstructed from serial sections. AB - We present a methodology for measuring precisely defined morphological parameters on complete dendritic arborizations. Brains are sectioned through anatomical planes which are defined with reference to ventricular landmarks. For each neuron, drawn through the camera lucida, dendritic points are defined and identified by means of a numerical topological codification. The 3-dimensional coordinates of each point are measured on a video computer microscope with reference to a cartesian system of axes which are oriented with reference to the anatomical planes of the brain. The data points from several serial sections are stored section by section and re-ordered by a computer program. Quantitative data concerning the diameters of the dendrites and the number and the dimensions of their spines are also stored. From these data, various quantitative morphological parameters may be computed. The accuracy of the video computer microscope is measured. The different existing computerized systems and the contribution of computerized techniques are discussed. PMID- 7321577 TI - An automatic voltage adjuster for a single microelectrode recording of the membrane potential and resistance. AB - An automatic voltage adjuster was designed in order to apply an intracellular rectangular pulse of current and record the membrane potential simultaneously using a single intracellular microelectrode. The original voltage record consists of a rectangular signal signal (Va) due to the resistance of the microelectrode and a slowly rising signal (Vb) which is the proper value of the membrane potential shift produced by the application of the intracellular rectangular pulse of current. The instrument described in this paper samples the original signal (Va + Vb) at 0.5 approximately 1.0 ms after the application of the rectangular pulse of current, holds this voltage level (Va) and subtracts it from the original signal (Va + Vb) to obtain (Vb). PMID- 7321578 TI - Quantitative ionophoresis of catecholamines using multibarrel carbon fibre microelectrodes. AB - Carbon fibre microelectrodes can be used to measure the local concentration of ionophoretically ejected catecholamines in vitro or in vivo. The method can also be used to measure the transport number for the materials. The concentration measurement takes about 20 ms and can be repeated at up to about 10 Hz without electrode poisoning or deterioration. This paper describes in detail the methodology of the technique and the apparatus required. PMID- 7321579 TI - Using the Quantimet 720 image analyzing computer to count nucleolated neurones in the human brain. AB - An approach to the automatic counting of neurones in the human hippocampus is described which uses a modified Quantimet 720 image analyzing computer. Previous work with this and similar machines has attempted to use size alone to discriminate between the various types of cell which are present in any section of central nervous system tissue. Serious errors may then result since agglomerates of small cells and cell fragments can bae confused with single large cells. Instead, 2 electron devices have been designed and built which allow nucleolated neurones, defined as those objects having a grey phase and a black phase both within designated area limits, to be distinguished from all other cells. The mean values for absolute cell numbers and for cell density were within 5% of those obtained by traditional manual methods. The operation of both electronic devices is described and circuit diagrams given for one of them. The other is beyond the scope of this paper, but has been fully reported elsewhere. PMID- 7321580 TI - A simple and rapid method for making carbon fiber microelectrodes. PMID- 7321581 TI - Risks of chronic pancreatitis, hepatocirrhosis and pancreas cancer. Role of alcohol consumption, results of 3 retrospective studies (cases-controls). PMID- 7321582 TI - Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. PMID- 7321583 TI - The effect of benzopyrones on pancreatic secretion in anaesthetized dogs with short-term ischaemia. PMID- 7321584 TI - Non cirrhotic portal hypertension. PMID- 7321585 TI - The range of endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 7321586 TI - Histological changes in mucosa of rat's jejunum, caused by a low magnesium diet. PMID- 7321587 TI - The influence of amitriptyline, imipramine and chlorpromazine on activity of arginase in rat's brain and liver. PMID- 7321588 TI - Therapy of the spontaneous esophageal rupture. Report of a case with atypical early symptoms. Review of the literature. PMID- 7321590 TI - An interview with the Reverend Leslie Miles, Jr., MD, chairman of the faculty's committee on Medicine and Religion [by Blaine Taylor]. PMID- 7321589 TI - Operative treatment of hemorrhoids-long term evaluation. PMID- 7321591 TI - Reflections upon the need of the clergyman in hospital practice. PMID- 7321592 TI - Psychiatry needs religion: a perspective and a challenge. PMID- 7321593 TI - Carcinoma of the breast: Part 3, Therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7321594 TI - Andrology beyond or above the genitals. PMID- 7321595 TI - Choosing a professional liability carrier. PMID- 7321596 TI - Professional liability carrier-another view. PMID- 7321597 TI - Blue Shield and you. PMID- 7321598 TI - Effect of low dose rate ionizing radiation on the division potential of cells in vitro. VIII. Cytogenetic analysis of human fibroblasts. AB - Human embryonic and adult cells were irradiated with fractionated doses of low dose rate ionizing radiation starting early during their lifespan. Adult cells were found to be more sensitive than fetal cells to ionizing radiation in terms of the number of cells produced during the lifespan of the control and the irradiated cultures. Phase-III adult control cells had fewer chromosomal aberrations than phase-III embryonic control cells. After irradiation there was an increase in chromosomal aberrations in adult cells but no increase in embryonic cells beyond those found in the control cultures. It is suggested that cells that have a higher potential for chromosomal rearrangements survive better after low dose rate ionizing radiation. PMID- 7321599 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. X. Immunoelectrophoretic studies on the denaturation of superoxide dismutase. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) content estimated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis did not differ in various density (age) fractions of bovine erythrocytes though its specific activity decreased with increasing cell density. No changes were found, either, in the crossed immunoelectrophoretic pattern of SOD with increasing red cell age. Effects of different denaturing agents on the immunoelectrophoretic pattern and activity of the enzyme were compared, including H2O2 and free radicals generated by ionizing radiation. The yield for inactivation was higher than that for loss of antigenic properties in all cases studied which could correspond to the in vivo situation. However, changes in electrophoretic mobility were revealed for all the denaturing agents, which is contrary to a main causative role of these agents in the in vivo inactivation of SOD. The results suggest spontaneous "subtle denaturation" as a chief cause for the SOD inactivation during erythrocyte aging. PMID- 7321600 TI - Lifespan of rabbit erythrocytes and activity of the reticulohistiocyte system. AB - The survival rate was measured of differently aged rabbit erythrocytes that had been taken from young and old animals, tagged with 51Cr and injected into young and old animals. The survival rate of the donor erythrocytes depends mostly on the age of the recipient animals. The life span of the injected cells found in old animals was much lower than that found in young animals. On the other hand, the age of the donor animal also has an influence, although only a small one, on the life span of the red blood cells. The cells from young animals live rather longer than those from old animals. PMID- 7321601 TI - Phagocytic activity of the reticulohistiocyte system in rabbits after splenectomy and activation with ink. AB - The survival rate was measured of differently aged rabbit erythrocytes that had been taken from young animals, tagged with 51Cr and injected into young and old animals. The recipient animals had either been splenectomized, or had an ink activated reticulohistiocyte system, or both. In young as well as in old ink treated animals the injected cells lived for a much shorter time than in the non treated animals. In splenectomized animals the red blood cells lived a little longer than those in the control group. In animals which had been both splenectomized and ink-treated the 51Cr-tagged cells again lived for a shorter time than those in the control group, but longer than in the ink-treated animals. PMID- 7321603 TI - Age-related variations in human lymphocyte DNA. AB - The molecular weight of DNA from human peripheral lymphocytes has been measured on alkaline sucrose density gradients. The number average molecular weight (MN) of DNA is found to decrease as the age of the donor increases. This result is discussed with reference to lesions in DNA, both repairable and non-repairable, which may accumulate with age. PMID- 7321602 TI - An in vitro investigation of the hematopoietic microenvironment in young and aged mice. AB - Dexter-type cultures derived from the bone marrow of young and aged mice were established as in vitro correlates to the hematopoietic microenvironment and inoculated two weeks later with fresh bone marrow-derived stem cells (colony forming units, CFUs) from young, syngeneic mice. Such cultures allowed the observation, quantitation and evaluation of interactions between aged or young microenvironments and the young stem cells. The hematopoietic microenvironments derived from aged marrow were found to support a greater total nucleated cellularity and a significantly greater number of CFUs. Also, the production of CFUs on aged monolayers occurred at an elevated rate. Though cyclic variations in total cellularity were noted in all cultures, the granulocyte--macrophage lineage always predominated. Lymphocyte populations in all cultures were seen to decline rapidly with time as other cell types became more abundant. The number of megakaryocytes in the aged marrow-derived cultures was significantly elevated in the early time periods post-refeeding. Differences in the adherent cell population densities were noted with the aged monolayers being somewhat less dense. However, there were no differences in morphologically identifiable cell types comprising the adherent layers derived from marrow of young and old mice. From these results, we conclude that there are differences in the ability of aged versus young hematopoietic microenvironments to support normal young stem cells in vitro and that the microenvironmental influences present in the in vitro system are reflective of those seen in the in vivo marrow microenvironment. PMID- 7321604 TI - Mathematical model of an arterial stenosis, allowing for tethering. PMID- 7321605 TI - Permeability to oxygen (PmO2) of cuprophan haemodialysis membranes. PMID- 7321606 TI - A technology for implantable hermetic packages. Part 2: Design and materials. PMID- 7321607 TI - A technology for implantable hermetic packages. Part 2: An implementation. PMID- 7321608 TI - Optimal glycaemic control in unrestrained diabetic dogs using programmed compound squarewave insulin infusions. PMID- 7321609 TI - Variability of thoracic impedance cardiograms in man. PMID- 7321610 TI - Acoustic emission properties of callus. PMID- 7321611 TI - Three-channel telemetry system for monitoring e.c.g. cardiac output, rate of respiration and basal transthoracic admittance. PMID- 7321612 TI - Analytical deduction of te instantaneous velocity distribution, wall shear stress and pressure gradient from transcutaneous measurements of the time-varying rate of blood flow. PMID- 7321613 TI - Computer-assisted echography: statistical analysis of A-mode video echograms obtained by tissue sampling. PMID- 7321614 TI - Combined pH and pressure measurement device for oesophageal investigations. PMID- 7321615 TI - Improved capacitive transducer for animal movements. PMID- 7321616 TI - Osmotic pumping of non-hermetic neuroprosthetic implants. PMID- 7321617 TI - Assessment of single-limb activity in small rodents. PMID- 7321618 TI - Accurate isolated and microprocessor-controlled current source for a wide range of applications. PMID- 7321619 TI - Simple microprocessor-based system for on-line e.c.g. arrhythmia analysis. PMID- 7321620 TI - Feedback system for control of abdominal compression in oesophageal investigations. PMID- 7321621 TI - Longitudinal electrode arrays for electromyography. PMID- 7321622 TI - Measurement of direct currents in biological fluids. PMID- 7321623 TI - Coincidence eye position device with applications in clinical psychophysics, eye position training and visual evoked response recording. PMID- 7321624 TI - Measurement of membrane potential in isolated small cells with the help of a peak detector. PMID- 7321625 TI - Digital heart rate meter using c.m.o.s. devices. PMID- 7321626 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: results of surgical treatment with a three-year follow-up (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1966 and December 1979, 58 patients with renovascular hypertension were surgically treated at our center. Follow-up was a minimum of one year in all patients and in all cases permeability of revascularization was assessed through angiography from one to six months after surgery. The mean follow-up was 39 months. Thirty-eight (65.5%) were male and 20 (34.6%) female. Age of onset was between 3 and 53 years (mean 36.3 years). Etiology was arteriosclerotic in 27 cases and fibrous dysplasia in all its manifestations in another 27, in 2 cases vascular compression due to retroperitoneal fibrosis and renal hypoplasia in the remaining two. In 4 cases lesions were bilateral. The cure rate was 37 patients (63.8%), Improvement in 16 (27.6%), while there was no improvement in 5 (8.6%). Surgical mortality rate was nil. The different techniques used, indications, long and short term complications and different results according to etiology are discussed. PMID- 7321627 TI - [Leucocyte chemotaxis in patients treated with chronic haemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Granulocytic and monocytic chemotaxis are studied by means of Boyden's modified method using as chemotactic agent human serum complement activated by Zymosan. The study has been made on healthy controls and a group of patients suffering from chronic renal failure treated with periodic haemodialysis. Observations were made before and after the dialysis session. In the patients with chronic renal failure is observed a decrease in leucocytic mobility of granulocytes and monocytes which give chemotactic granulocytic and monocytic indexes of 32.1 +/- 3.1 and 32.3 +/- 3.5 with relation to healthy controls with indexes of 46.7 +/- 8.4 and 37.0 +/- 4.3 and with significative differences between the measurements of p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005 respectively. The parametres of polymorphonuclear and monocytic kinetics did not improve after the haemodialysis session. The possible mechanisms which produce such chemotactic leucocytic deficit in uraemics and the non-positive influence of the dialysis session on such deficit are hereby discussed. PMID- 7321628 TI - [Alexia without agraphia, right homonymous hemianopsia, and color anomia. Report of four cases with location of the lesion by computerized axial tomography of the brain (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with left occipitotemporal hematomas and another two with ischemic lesions in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery presented alexia without agraphia, right homonymous hemianopsia, and a disturbance in the naming of colors. The etiology and the location of the lesion was demonstrated by computerized axial tomography in all four cases. After a period of follow-up of more than one year a good evolution was substantiated in the patients with hematoma. The mechanisms underlying the appearance of symptoms are discussed, and a comment is made on the importance of the splenium of the corpus callosum in the transfer of visual impulses, with the dissociations appearing in the disconnection syndromes due to lesions at this level. PMID- 7321629 TI - [Erythrocyte levels of ALA-dehydrase and uro-synthetase in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Erythrocyte levels of ala-dehydrase and uro-synthetase as well as hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron levels and serum iron binding capacity were studied in a group of 28 patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis and compared to those of a control group. As is usual, hematocrit, hemoglobin an iron levels were significantly decreased, as were ala-dehydrase levels, while uro-synthetase levels were within normal levels. These results are interpreted as a blockade of the biosynthetic pathway of the protoporphyrins, which lends support to the hypothesis of an existing defect in hemoglobin synthesis in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7321630 TI - [Toxic hepatitis and acute renal failure after inhalation of chloride solvents: report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - Due to a combination of ingested ethanol and inhaled trichloroethylene (Tri) a 28 year old man developed toxic hepatitis and acute oliguric renal failure, both of which had a favorable evolution. Tri has been described as a cause of hepatic disfunction and acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis, although some of the cases described are controversial, because Tri was either contaminated by other dissolvents or could not be proven pure, with the exception of one case. In many there was ethanol ingestion. The Tri inhaled by our patient was found to contain less than 1% of carbon tetrachloride (C-Tchl). This would suggest the C Tchl to be responsible for the clinical picture although the combination Tri/ethanol cannot be discarded as the causal agent, due to the small amount of contaminant present. PMID- 7321631 TI - [Sweet's syndrome: report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - In 1964 Sweet described a new syndrome, characterized by the association of fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis, erythematous plaque affecting the extremities, neck and face, with histologically verified polymorphonuclear perivascular dermal infiltrates and a rapid response to corticosteroids. Although some 100 cases have since then been described the pathogenesis remains obscure. We present two cases which showed all criteria for Sweet's syndrome, in which the initial presentation of acute onset with fever, multiple skin lesions and especially the poor general state on one, made use at first think of an infectious process such as staphylococcal or gonococcal sepsis, in which case diagnosis must be differential. Only when the causal agent is known and an early skin biopsy is done can correct diagnosis and treatment be established. PMID- 7321633 TI - [Clinical effects of digoxin in healthy subjects]. PMID- 7321632 TI - [Selective IgA deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 23 year-old female with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus associated to selective IgA deficiency is reported. The patient persistently had serum IgA levels below 0.05 mg/dl, while the remaining serum immunoglobulins were normal. No salivary IgA was detected, and the karyotype disclosed no abnormalities of the chromosome 18. In the in vitro immunological study a normal number of B and T lymphocytes was found, and decreased production of all surface immunoglobulins was observed. PMID- 7321634 TI - [Peripheral gangrene following iatrogenic ergotism]. PMID- 7321635 TI - [Association of multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7321636 TI - [Nephronophthisis: study of 10 cases. Incidence, natural history and associated pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Nephronophthisis is a chronic interstitial nephropathy which in childhood may lead to terminal renal failure. Between January 1975 and July 1980, 41 children with terminal renal failure were seen in our service, of which 10 (21.9%) presented with nephronophthisis. Age of the patients ranged from 3.5-18 years, boys were in the majority (8/2). Three cases were isolated and 7 were familial (3 families). Onset was during the first year of life in 8 patients, and polydipsia polyuria were the first symptoms. Retarded growth and anemia proportionate to the degree of renal failure were present in all patients. When diagnosed, 5 patients (50%) presented terminal renal failure, and the other 5 had renal failure of different degrees. Moderate proteinuria was found in 4 patients, without changes in urine sediment. Sodium depletion in urine was high in 5 cases and maximal urine osmolarity was less than 500 muOsm/l after hydropenia in all cases. Four had associated mental deficiency with cerebellar ataxia associated in two and congenital hepatic fibrosis (confirmed histologically) in one. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy in 8 and in two of these on frozen section during nephrectomy prior to kidney transplantation. At present, five of the patients are in maintenance hemodialysis, two died at home due to cardiovascular complications in terminal renal insufficiency and the remaining ones presented different degrees of renal insufficiency. Time elapsed between onset of the symptoms and inclusion in hemodialysis or death ranges form 6 months to 13 years (mean 6.7 years). PMID- 7321637 TI - [Determination of serum activity of glucose phosphate isomerase and glutathione reductase in intra and extra hepatic cholestasis.(author's transl)]. AB - Serum activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) phosphate alkaline (PAL), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was studied in 142 patients, in all serum bilirubin was more than 2 mg/dl. Distribution was as follows; 68 cirrhosis of the liver; 27 acute hepatitis; 31 benign extra-hepatic biliary obstruction; and 16 neoplastic obstruction of the biliary tract without liver metastasis. Fifty-three healthy volunteer blood donors were used as the control group. Mean values for GR activity in our patients were significantly higher than those for the control group, although less so in benign obstruction (p less than 0.01) than in those with acute hepatitis (p less than 0.001), cirrhosis (p less than 0.01) and neoplasic biliary obstruction (p less than 0.001). The GPI values were higher than the control groups in patients with acute hepatitis (p less than 0.001) and obstructive neoplastic jaundice (p less than 0.02). In cases with cirrhosis, 87% presented slightly higher values of GR, while GPI was within normal levels in 93 % of all cases. In patients with acute hepatitis, 92% showed a definite increase in GPI and GR values. In 71% of those with benign biliary obstruction levels for both enzymes were normal, as they were in only 6% of those with obstructive neoplastic jaundice. These findings are statistically significant in all cases and of diagnostic value in establishing a differential enzymatic diagnosis in patients presenting with clinical and biological patterns of cholestasis. PMID- 7321638 TI - [Delayed skin reaction in a group of 400 hospital patients: control study (author's transl)]. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were carried out with 5 antigens - PPD, staphylococcus, streptokinase/streptodornase, candida and trichophytin-in 400 hospital patients without any known causes for diminished delayed hypersensitivity. The degree of reactivity to each antigen was: PPD. 69.50%; candida 49.75%; streptokinase/streptodornase 44.50%; trichophytin 42.00%; staphylococcus 14.25%. Reactivity to either PPD or candida occurred in 86.50% of all cases. Positive response to streptokinase/streptodornase was present in 7%; which brings the total cases with reactions to one or more of the 3 antigens to 93.50%. Those who responded to trichophytin or staphylococcus were 3% only, bringing the total response of all cases to at least one antigen, to 96.5%. PMID- 7321639 TI - [Multiple myeloma and the anion gap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321640 TI - [Pseudomononucleosis induced by diphenylhydantoin (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a patient who developed a mononucleotic syndrome after 2 months treatment with diphenylhydantoin. The clinical and biological criteria needed to establish the diagnosis of pseudomononucleosis are listed, while other possible causes described in the literature have been excluded. Complications which may occur during anti-convulsant therapy with diphenylhydantoin are reviewed and the few cases of pseudomononucleosis in the literature noted. Diagnosis was established through eliminating other possible causes, as the only definite test-drug induced reaction-is hazardous to the patient. PMID- 7321641 TI - [Paget's disease, a slow virus disease?]. PMID- 7321642 TI - [Treatment of chronic idiopathic orthostatic hypotension with indomethacin]. PMID- 7321643 TI - [Liver involvement as the presenting form of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7321644 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the colon. Chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7321645 TI - [Congenital renal glycosuria]. PMID- 7321646 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Treatment interactions]. PMID- 7321647 TI - [Reactive arthritis to Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7321648 TI - [Diagnosis and management of pericarditis in uremic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321649 TI - [Ventilation response to hypercapnia in obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321650 TI - [Serum alkaline phosphatase and isoenzyme levels in patients on maintenance anti convulsant therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321651 TI - [Bronchial asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321652 TI - [Epidemiologic, serologic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of Q fever endocarditis: report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321653 TI - [Elimination of drugs in cholecystectomized patients. Studies with silymarin in patients with extrahepatic complications]. AB - Following a single oral administration of silymarin (Legalon) approx. 7-15% of its main component silybin was determined in the 24 h-bile of 10 cholecystectomized patients with T-drainage. In one case the value was 25%. Considering that through the T-tube only one to two thirds of the bile output can be collected and consequently analysed, the total amount of silybin eliminated via the bile must be estimated higher. There didn't appear to be a relationship between the amounts of bile and silybin. In further 4 female patients the silybin excretion measured for 24 h was decreased (values of 1-4%) and the elimination was considerably delayed. Two of these 4 females with reduced elimination of silybin suffered from diabetes mellitus, one from pancreatitis and the fourth from a carcinoma of the stomach metastasising into the liver. Only in the patient with liver metastasis and in that with pancreatitis was the reduced silybin elimination linked with a decrease in bile output. The remaining two females neither showed a correlation between bile output nor amount of silybin excreted. In the one diabetic female the bile collected for 24 h was considerably high, i.e. more than 1 litre. As reasons for the decrease in the biliary elimination of silybin an impairment of metabolism and absorption are discussed. PMID- 7321654 TI - Blood levels of fentanyl during multiple injections and intravenous infusions of low and high doses: approaching optimal conditions for "stress-free anaesthesia". PMID- 7321655 TI - [Clinical aspects of the sensitivity of the prolactin system to daily fluctuation]. PMID- 7321656 TI - [Clinical pharmacology from the standpoint of the pharmacologist]. PMID- 7321657 TI - [Statistics in clinical pharmacology]. PMID- 7321658 TI - [The placebo problem]. AB - Holding placebo response to be a result of magical happenstance and doctor patient relationship appears less than satisfying. The important factor of spontaneous development in illness, as "visually" demonstrated by Siemens in 1939, is pointed out. The controlled trial is considered analogous to this method. The conditions for carrying out a controlled trial and the control substances are discussed, the deciding criteria for carrying out a placebo controlled trial are mentioned. The analysis of a placebo-controlled trial is not detrimental to the patient. PMID- 7321661 TI - [Limitations and possibilities in the determination of transmural gastric potential in humans]. AB - "Determination of the Transmural Gastric Potention, Limitations and Possibilities" presents a new approach for measuring the transmural gastric potential difference with computerized calculations of parameters. A "Reizindex" is introduced as a new secondary parameter describing the process of irritation better than Pdmax or area or area under the baseline. A second secondary parameter the "mean instability time of the membrane" is also introduced as a very stable parameter as far as the whole process is concerned. (first moment) The relevance of the model is proved by baseline data of 16 volunteers and investigations with a strong H2-blocker. PMID- 7321660 TI - [How clinical is clinical pharmacology? (introduction)]. PMID- 7321659 TI - [Adequate and inadequate trials in "clinical" pharmacology]. AB - Our definition, based on 14 years of practical experience, is as follows: In clinical pharmacology, a procedure is adequate if it can be used in normal subjects in a non-invasive way and if it generates relevant information concerning pharmacotherapy in patients. Six examples are discussed in detail; the variable body weight may cause wide variations, for example, in absorption characteristics; unhomogeneous groups of subjects are likely to lead to poorly reproducible results. Body position and food intake (individual eating habits) may disguise drug effects by creating additional "noise". By titrating the heart rate during work load on the ergometer in order to achieve and maintain a target rate, individual differences in physical fitness and skill can be eliminated. Orthostatic regulation of cardiovascular variables may be impaired without concomitant psychic lability. The latter indicates predisposition to placebo responses, e.g. in studies using the standardized tourniquet pain model and mild analgesics. In normal subjects computer analysis of cerebral biosignals in combination with psychometric and behavioural tests usually gives more reliable information as compared to the patient pretreated with different drugs. PMID- 7321662 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of cimetidine with observations on the plasma concentration-response curve. PMID- 7321663 TI - Preliminary results on the correlation between serum level and antihypertensive effect of urapidil (Ebrantil). PMID- 7321664 TI - How clinical is clinical pharmacology? Special consideration of clinical pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7321665 TI - [Deficiency symptoms in children kept on a strict vegetarian diet]. PMID- 7321666 TI - [Fever of unexplained origin--background and analysis]. PMID- 7321667 TI - [Plan for the elimination of measles, mumps and rubella]. PMID- 7321668 TI - [Chronic pain in the Achilles tendon among athletes]. PMID- 7321669 TI - [Ankle joint fractures as athletic injuries]. PMID- 7321670 TI - [Simple plastic surgery of inveterate ligament injuries in the ankle joint]. PMID- 7321671 TI - [Phenoxy acetic acid--a brief review of possible hazards]. PMID- 7321672 TI - [Phenoxyacetic acid, chlorphenols and cancer]. PMID- 7321673 TI - [The long-distance runner syndrome? Heavy muscular effort may cause enzyme changes similar to enzyme changes in heart infarction]. PMID- 7321674 TI - [Guidelines in diagnosis and therapy of tularemia]. PMID- 7321675 TI - [New methods may determine prognosis in glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7321676 TI - [Dietary factors other than coffee are suspected risk factors in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7321677 TI - [Classification of atypic facial clefts incidence in the Uppsala region 1950 1979]. PMID- 7321678 TI - [Baromedicine--a current research field]. PMID- 7321680 TI - [The future of gastrointestinal fiber endoscopy in Sweden]. PMID- 7321679 TI - [Cellular aspects of the physiopathology and therapy of hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 7321681 TI - [Malrotation--neglected diagnosis acute abdominal symptoms in older children]. PMID- 7321682 TI - [The role of homes for the aged in health care a heavy burden on services, low resources]. PMID- 7321683 TI - [Reference values of lead in blood and urine in adults]. PMID- 7321684 TI - [Causes of consciousness disorders in a alcoholics]. PMID- 7321685 TI - [Herniated disk and bladder paralysis. Discussion on diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7321686 TI - [Limiting the extent of infarct]. PMID- 7321687 TI - [Cancer in the ventricular remnant following resection for benign ulcer disease]. PMID- 7321688 TI - [The value of radiographic examinations of resected ventricles]. PMID- 7321689 TI - [The range of diseases in boat refugees. Report from a refugee camp in Flen]. PMID- 7321690 TI - [Occurrence of angina pectoris in Skaraborg county]. PMID- 7321691 TI - [General paralysis - a diagnostic alternative]. PMID- 7321692 TI - [Congenital pulmonary hamartoma]. PMID- 7321693 TI - [Lower urinary tract infections in women: a comparison between nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine]. PMID- 7321694 TI - [Nerve compressions and paresthetic hands. The biological background]. PMID- 7321695 TI - [Improved bacterial resistance testing by a standardized SIR-system]. PMID- 7321696 TI - [Distal urinary tract disorders in adult women]. PMID- 7321697 TI - [Hypertonic sodium chloride as an emetic--a dangerous method]. PMID- 7321698 TI - [Clostridium difficile colitis without previous antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7321699 TI - [Time to reevaluate the sedimentation test?]. PMID- 7321700 TI - [Recent discoveries on carcinogenesis: proteins common to different types of carcinogeneses]. PMID- 7321701 TI - [Treatment of patients with blunt renal injuries]. PMID- 7321702 TI - [Function tests in the study of liver disease in children]. PMID- 7321703 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation during disopyramide treatment]. PMID- 7321704 TI - [Acute pelvic osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in handball and soccer players]. PMID- 7321705 TI - [What can we learn from the cases reported to insurance companies? Missed diagnoses]. PMID- 7321706 TI - [Low birth weight and later school adjustment]. PMID- 7321707 TI - [Cardiologic referrals and heart surgery in a health care region]. PMID- 7321708 TI - [Computer tomography for early diagnosis of postoperative abdominal abscesses]. PMID- 7321709 TI - [Kawasaki's disease - a review and 4 case reports]. PMID- 7321710 TI - [3 cases of Kawasaki's disease in Blekinge]. PMID- 7321711 TI - [Recurrent polychondritis]. PMID- 7321713 TI - [Case histories and money: what is the cost of alcoholism?]. PMID- 7321712 TI - [Incidence and medical care of diabetes in a defined population]. PMID- 7321714 TI - [Acute abdomen in Peking--a case report]. PMID- 7321715 TI - [Psychiatry in China. Doubts about Freud, various forms of herbal medicine and Western psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 7321717 TI - [Food hypersensitivity as a handicap]. PMID- 7321716 TI - [Today's China parallels modern Western-oriented medical care]. PMID- 7321718 TI - [If no one speaks, no one listens]. PMID- 7321719 TI - [Nasal furunculosis complicated by intracranial staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 7321720 TI - Freedom from ototoxicity in aminoglycoside treated neonates: a mistaken notion. AB - Pediatricians commonly consider aminoglycoside antibiotics to be less ototoxic in neonates than in adults. This concept is based on the results of pure tone audiometry performed in children treated with aminoglycosides during the neonatal period. However, conflicting results were obtained when using brain stem response audiometry (BSRA) in a group of 26 aminoglycoside treated neonates and a control group of 20 treated neonates during their stays in intensive care units (mean gestational age: 34.6 weeks). Latencies of wave V significantly differed between the two groups indicating hearing alterations in the treated group. A statistical correlation was demonstrated between initial and final values of wave V and the total doses of antibiotic administered per kilogram of body weight (p less than 0.01). Most neonates were premature with an immature hearing apparatus. To demonstrate the effect of aminoglycosides on the developing organ of Corti, neonate kittens were chosen as animal models--the onset of hearing occurs 10 days after birth. BSRA was performed every 3 days from birth for 20 days and thereafter every 6 days for the following 30 days. Five kittens treated with a low dose of gentamicin for 20 days were compared with a control group of 5 untreated kittens from the same litters and a group of 5 adult cats receiving the same antibiotic therapy. On the 50th day, all animals were sacrificed and their cochleas were prepared for electron microscopic evaluation. No ultrastructural modifications or BSRA alterations were noted in the adult group. The untreated kittens exhibited a normal pattern of BSRA maturation and their organs of Corti appeared normal. On the contrary, evidence of abnormal hearing maturation and of anatomical damage in the outer hair cells of the first coil of the cochlea was found in the treated kittens. Laboratory findings corroborate our clinical findings that aminoglycoside antibiotics are more ototoxic in neonates than in adult cats. PMID- 7321721 TI - The round window membrane following application of staphylococcal exotoxin: an electron microscopic study. AB - The round window membrane has been considered as a pathway for the passage of toxic substances from the middle ear cavity to the vestibular labyrinth in cases of otitis media. To determine the role of the round window membrane in this passage, chinchillas were given intrabullar inoculations with staphylococcal exotoxin and the round window membranes were examined electron microscopically. We observed cytoplasmic vacuolization, intercellular edema, cellular and nuclear swelling of the surface epithelia and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of the fibrous layer. Light microscopic observation of the labyrinth revealed PMN infiltration of the most basal portion of the scala tympani. These findings demonstrate a chemotactic effect of the toxin for PMNs and support the concept of the round window membrane as an important avenue of entry. PMID- 7321722 TI - Tinnitus: development of a neurophysiologic correlate. AB - Although tinnitus severely afflicts 7.2 million Americans, the pathophysiology of this problem remains obscure because there presently exists no good animal model in which to study the phenomenon. We have examined changes in activity in the guinea pig auditory pathway using an autoradiographic method of functional brain mapping after short-term and long-term cochlear ablations which can, in humans, initiate the occurrence of tinnitus. With this method we have observed a reduction in activity in various nuclei in the auditory pathway between 4 hrs and 10 days after unilateral cochlear ablation. In contrast to these findings we have found a return of activity in these same nuclei if they are observed from 12 to 48 days following the lesion. These preliminary data suggest that this return of activity in the absence of sensory input may be a valid experimental analogue for tinnitus in humans. Such evidence for auditory plasticity may represent a significant first step toward understanding this common and profound otologic symptom. PMID- 7321723 TI - Central tinnitus--diagnosis and treatment. Observations simultaneous binaural auditory brain responses with monaural stimulation in the tinnitus patient. AB - Central tinnitus is defined as an abnormal sensation of sound which is perceived by the patient and established by neurotologic diagnosis to be retrocochlear and/or within the central nervous system in location. A method of diagnosis and evaluation using evoked response audiometry (ABR) is reported. A clinical test, Simultaneous Binaural Auditory Brain responses with monaural stimulation (ABR) for central location of tinnitus is presented. The use of a diagnostic approach to the selection of a tinnitus masker will be presented. Electrophysiologic indices for central tinnitus have been observed based on short latency ABR recordings. A classification has been presented. The use of lidocaine I.V. therapy with ABR recordings is presented. The concept, diagnosis, and techniques at this time, relating to central tinnitus, are presented as clinical observations. These observations are a beginning for the establishment of an electrophysiologic series of indices which can be interpreted as an electrophysiologic correlate of tinnitus to be supported by basic clinical research. PMID- 7321724 TI - A study of the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery on auditory function. AB - Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is commonplace in many medical centers and rare instances of unilateral hearing loss in these patients have been reported and have been attributed to embolism. Two more patients are reported and their discovery prompted a study of pre and postoperative hearing in 68 patients at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, where a single team performs the cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Previous similar studies showed no changes following CPB surgery. Almost all patients have been male and prolonged pump times (over 150 min.) were noted in 7 of 11 reports. Based on changes in hearing found on pre and postoperative testing in the 6 patients, 3 groups were developed: those with no change and those with slight changes were compared with those having average deficits of more than 10 db. Prolonged pump times occurred only twice in the series and were not associated with loss. A second milder form of hearing loss, which was bilateral and affected the high tones, was noted in significant numbers. Two of these patients had persistent tinnitus after surgery. Although the series is small, there appears to be an increased susceptibility in males to the development of high tone loss as well. Based on the preponderance of males, with their high incidence of basilar artery atherosclerosis, and the frequent prolonged pump times, perfusion failure seems to be the most likely etiology for the rare cases of hearing loss accompanying cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. PMID- 7321725 TI - Management of inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - Inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a neoplastic growth of epithelium which inverts into the underlying stroma rather than proliferating outward from the surface. These neoplasms probably arise from the area of the lateral nasal wall. Inverted papilloma is characterized by its: A. capacity to destroy; B. tendency to recur; and C. association with malignancy. During the past decade, we have come to understand better the histologic, biologic, and anatomic features of this tumor. More studies focusing on inverted papilloma have been published in recent years, and the authors of these reports have advocated more aggressive surgical procedures in the management of this tumor. The application of the technique of lateral rhinotomy and en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall has dramatically decreased the recurrence rate while providing the patient with quite acceptable cosmetic and functional results. The surgical approach to inverted papilloma associated with squamous cell carcinoma varies with the extent of disease; but a good cure rate, especially with localized tumors, may be achieved with aggressive surgery combined with radiation therapy in these cases. We present a series of 19 patients with inverted papilloma. In 6 of these 19 patients, squamous cell carcinoma was associated with the inverted papilloma; 13 of the patients with inverted papilloma and 3 of the patients with an associated malignancy underwent lateral rhinotomy with en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall. The tumor did not recur in these patients. The rationale for this surgery, as well as the details of these patient's case histories, form the basis of this report. PMID- 7321726 TI - Bell's palsy: surgery based upon prognostic indicators and results. AB - We studied 164 patients with Bell's palsy prospectively over the six-year period between August 1974 and June 1980. We found that the results of measuring tear production, submandibular salivary flow, the response to maximal stimulation, and evoked electromyography gave us sufficient information to group these patients according to prognosis--either unfavorable or favorable--for spontaneous return of facial function. When the test results were 26% or more of normal, 90% of the patients had complete recovery of function; these patients were given a favorable prognosis on the basis of the results of tests described above. The natural history of Bell's palsy in patients with an unfavorable prognosis could be improved if a transmastoid facial nerve decompression to the labyrinthine segment were performed. The results were better with this approach than with supportive or steroid therapy or transmastoid vertical-horizontal surgical decompression of the facial nerve. PMID- 7321727 TI - Use of the Williams microclip in various aspects of tymanoplastic surgery. AB - The microclip was invented by J. David Williams, M.D. in 1971 in an attempt to devise a technique to reliably secure a medially placed fascia graft to a tympanic membrane remnant. This method immediately improved the graft take rate to better than 90% in the Alaska native population with whom he was working. Included in this 90% and above category were many ears that demonstrated some degree of mucosal edema, granulation tissue, or mucopurulent discharge--referred to in this paper as the "wet ear." Anatomic and audiologic results of 286 consecutive otologic procedures requiring a tympanic membrane graft will be presented in which the Williams microclip has been employed to secure a medially placed graft. Attention well be devoted to both success and failure of the methods employed. Special attention will be given to the description of surgically challenging situations in tympanoplasty surgery such as "the narrow to non-existent remnent segment" where the microclip demonstrates its exceptional usefulness. Last, additional uses of the microclip (other than in tympanic membrane grafting) will be discussed including its application in a new technique of ossicular chain reconstruction. Case reports and statistical data will augment material presented. PMID- 7321728 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. Sinus puncture therapy: canine fossa puncture method. PMID- 7321729 TI - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Identifying the lumen of the endolymphatic sac. PMID- 7321730 TI - [Gastroenterologic roentgen quiz. Inflammatory diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 7321731 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - 43 patients had 51 endoscopic sphincterotomies within 4 years; there were 2 complications, 7 patients had to have surgery in spite of endoscopic sphincterotomy. Stones, which had been left unnoticed in the choledochus during surgery could be removed in all cases endoscopically. These results speak in favour of endoscopic sphincterotomy, if compared to results of other non operative treatments of retained bile duct stones such as percutaneous stone extraction. Endoscopic sphincterotomy has been widely used meanwhile and may be apt now to be introduced as a routine procedure also in smaller hospitals. PMID- 7321732 TI - [Toxoplasmosis: a major public health issue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321733 TI - [Liver regeneration in dogs following partial resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321734 TI - [Solderer's asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321735 TI - [The problem of functional dysphonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321736 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital hydronephrosis using a free graft of the renal pelvis wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321737 TI - [The consumption of drugs in Zagrea area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321738 TI - [The medical science and clinical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321739 TI - [Postoperative thromboprophylaxis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321740 TI - [Alterations in the gene expression in tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321741 TI - [Tumors without mutation? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321742 TI - [The functional characteristics of mouse leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321743 TI - [Tumor immunotherapy has not been offered a real chance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321744 TI - [Enhancement of antitumor immunity after chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321745 TI - [Some epidemiologic and virologic patterns of the enterovirosis outbreak in SR Croatia in 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321747 TI - [The relation between the intracellular and extracellular rubella virus on WI-38 human diploid cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321746 TI - [ECG changes in patients with enterovirus infections during an epidemic in 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321748 TI - [Precocious puberty in a girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia following the initiation of hydrocortisone replacement therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321749 TI - [The results of prophylactic use of prothrombinopenic agents in orthopedics and traumatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321750 TI - [Peri- and intra-infarction block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321751 TI - [Ventilatory function studies in assessment of work capacity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321752 TI - [Polytraumatism in child patients (review of the results of treatment over a ten year period) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321753 TI - Comparative study of the teratogenic effects of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam in the fetal hamster. PMID- 7321754 TI - Effect of neurotensin on pancreatic function in man. PMID- 7321755 TI - Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, stimulates aldosterone secretion in rhesus monkeys but not in dogs or rabbits. PMID- 7321756 TI - Modulation of reflex sympathetic discharge by the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine and by clonidine. PMID- 7321757 TI - The behavioural effects of systemically administered kainic acid: a pharmacological analysis. PMID- 7321758 TI - Differential secretion of opioid peptides and catecholamines from cultured cells of a human pheochromocytoma tumor. PMID- 7321759 TI - Bombesin-like peptides in rat spinal cord: biochemical characterization, localization and mechanism of release. PMID- 7321760 TI - Comparison of content with synthesis, uptake and breakdown of GABA in substantia nigra of unoperated, hemitransected and kainate-treated rats. PMID- 7321761 TI - The convulsive effects of dopamine sulfate conjugates in rat brain. PMID- 7321762 TI - Reduced uptake of serotonin but unchanged 3H-imipramine binding in the platelets from cirrhotic patients. PMID- 7321763 TI - Reduced serotonin uptake by spontaneously hypertensive rat platelets. PMID- 7321764 TI - Release of 3H-norepinephrine by ammonium and its modification by changes in pH. PMID- 7321765 TI - Conjugation and bioactivation of chlorotrifluoroethylene. PMID- 7321766 TI - Dietary adaptation of taurine transport by rat renal epithelium. PMID- 7321767 TI - Age- and sex-related differences in acetaminophen metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7321768 TI - Stimulative effect of serum on the growth of HeLa cells suppressed in a K+ deficient chemically defined medium. PMID- 7321769 TI - Differential effect of changing central and peripheral catecholamine levels in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat. PMID- 7321770 TI - Effect of papain treatment on dipeptide transport into rabbit intestinal brush border vesicles. PMID- 7321771 TI - Effects of feeding on aminophylline induced supra-maximal thermogenesis. PMID- 7321772 TI - Persistent measles virus infection of a clonal line of neuroblastoma: effect on neural differentiation. PMID- 7321773 TI - Low platelet monoamine oxidase activity in cigarette smokers. PMID- 7321774 TI - Alterations in the development of catecholamine turnover induced by perinatal methadone: differences in central vs. peripheral sympathetic nervous systems. PMID- 7321775 TI - Dietary GABA decreases body weight of genetically obese mice. PMID- 7321776 TI - Involvement of the pineal gland and melatonin in murine analgesia. PMID- 7321777 TI - The formation of carbamazepine epoxide by rat liver microsomes: an investigation of the biphasic kinetic profile. PMID- 7321778 TI - Forebrain catecholamine concentrations in the rat after neocortical and hippocampal lesions. PMID- 7321779 TI - Behavioral characterization of two long-lasting adenosine analogs: sedative properties and interaction with diazepam. PMID- 7321780 TI - Etomidate stereospecifically stimulates forebrain, but not cerebellar, 3H diazepam binding. PMID- 7321781 TI - Defective serotonin transport mechanism in platelets from endogenously depressed patients. PMID- 7321782 TI - Some relationships between pulmonary prostaglandins and hepatocyte lecithin formation. PMID- 7321783 TI - [Oxygen tension in gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7321784 TI - [Radiation and combined treatment results in cervical cancer with patients up to the age of 35]. PMID- 7321785 TI - [Characteristics of the endotoxemia during cervical cancer radiation treatment]. PMID- 7321786 TI - [Telegamma therapy methods in inoperable esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7321787 TI - [Experimental hepatosplenography after the administration of liposomes with verografin]. PMID- 7321788 TI - [Structural types of the unaltered breast in the x-ray image]. PMID- 7321789 TI - [X-ray and thermographic comparisons of unaltered breasts]. PMID- 7321790 TI - [Thermography and oncological epidemiologic testing in detecting breast diseases with mass screening of women]. PMID- 7321791 TI - [Dynamics of breast fibroadenomas]. PMID- 7321792 TI - [Detectability of breast diseases in different age groups of the female population]. PMID- 7321793 TI - [Thermographic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic physical exercise in neurocirculatory dystonia]. PMID- 7321794 TI - [Tissue-air relations for therapeutic gamma apparatus]. PMID- 7321795 TI - [Fibrinogen test in surgical practice]. PMID- 7321796 TI - [Dosage calculation based on x-ray tonometric data in the intracavitary irradiation of cervical cancer patients]. PMID- 7321797 TI - [Reproducibility and clinical adequacy of the results of in vitro radiotesting]. PMID- 7321798 TI - [Use of programmable microcalculators in radioimmunological studies]. PMID- 7321799 TI - [Effect of different calcitonin doses on the experimental postradiation recovery of maxillary bone]. PMID- 7321800 TI - [Inventor activities in the complex area of roentgenology and radiology]. PMID- 7321801 TI - [Control of the individual radiation loads of the technical medical personnel at a regional dosimetric center]. PMID- 7321802 TI - [DRM-2 semiconductor transducer in clinical radiometry]. PMID- 7321803 TI - [Use of thermoluminescent dosimeters in the plan of calibrating medical dosimeters in unites of absorbed dosage]. PMID- 7321804 TI - [Mirror device for plotting topometric diagrams in patient preradiation preparation]. PMID- 7321805 TI - [Role of the "paired object" method in the teaching of roentgenology]. PMID- 7321806 TI - [Potentials of electron therapy in nontumorous diseases of the osteoarticular system]. PMID- 7321807 TI - Microscopical focal destruction (tunnels) in exhumed human bones. PMID- 7321809 TI - Identification of cut-compression marks on central conductors of radar antenna. PMID- 7321808 TI - Alcohol and drowning--the Geelong experience, 1957-1980. PMID- 7321810 TI - Islamic medical jurisprudence. PMID- 7321811 TI - Fire deaths in the Glasgow area: ii the role of carbon monoxide. PMID- 7321812 TI - The battered child syndrome--a forensic pathologist's viewpoint. PMID- 7321813 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of common shoulder disorders. PMID- 7321814 TI - Malpractice and radiologists. PMID- 7321815 TI - [Automation of the data analysis in functional studies on resuscitation department patients]. AB - The method, proposed in earlier works, for the complex control of the circulatory and respiratory functions in patients at intensive-care units, especially patients with artificial lung ventilation, is developed. The method implies the use of special-purpose medical program of functional examinations. Two examination program are presented, and the technical means used for examination are briefly characterized. The principles of the formalized analysis of physiological parameters used as a basis for working out algorithms and programs for the automatic deciphering of the curves registered in the process of examination are discussed. The working results of the programs realized by means of unified-system computers are presented. PMID- 7321816 TI - [Simulation modeling of polyclinic service processes]. AB - An approach to the construction of the model imitating the processes of servicing the population in outpatient clinics is discussed. The algorithm describing the formation of queues before different reception rooms in the outpatient clinic is devised. The approximation of the patient waiting time functional is proposed, and the hypothesis of its convexity in the space of the functions connecting the properties of the structural elements of the outpatient service with the cost of their technical equipment is put forward. The problem on the optimization of the technical equipment of the services and reception rooms of the outpatient clinic under the conditions of the limited total amount of these costs is defined. PMID- 7321817 TI - [Control system for the Sinus artificial heart]. AB - The control system, type "Sinus", for an artificial heart is proposed. The use of servomechanisms in this system allows one to obtain pressure pneumopulses of any required form. The form of pneumopulses can be determined either by an external source, e. g. and analog computer, or by a built-in generator forming an electric control signal having one of three possible forms. The structural diagram of the type "Sinus" system and its brief technical specifications are given. PMID- 7321818 TI - [Quality improvement of the medical images in digital and optoelectronic devices]. AB - The realization of image processing algorithms in a hybrid optoelectronic device is discussed. The linear part of the algorithm is carried out in the optical block, and the nonlinear part of the algorithm in the electronic processing block of the device. These studies indicate the expediency of using the optical methods for processing the images of medico-biological objects to facilitate their visual analysis. PMID- 7321819 TI - [Construction of a system for the automatic design of printed-circuit boards for medical electronic apparatus]. AB - The structure of the system for designing printed circuit boards based on such widely used technical equipment as minicomputers and unified-system computers, is discussed. The system allows one to carry out, in consecutive stages, the automation of the process of designing printed circuit boards and the technological provision for their manufacture. The principles of designing the boards on the basis of algorithms using the notion of channels and including the subdivision of the total circuit into separate structural units, the location of different elements in these units and their tracing are described in detail. The stage of making up the design documents and the control punch tapes containing the final stage of tracing correction with the output of the control data or a coordinatograph and numerically controlled machines is considered. PMID- 7321820 TI - [Gastroenterologogical monitor]. PMID- 7321821 TI - [Importance of medical technology automation in improving therapeutic and prophylactic care for the population]. PMID- 7321822 TI - The effects of prolonged exercise on spinally injured subjects. AB - The effects of prolonged exercise on paraplegics have not been reported. Seven male paraplegic subjects with spinal lesions from T4 - T12 - L1 underwent an incremental wheelchair treadmill test to exhaustion. Heart rate (HR), VO2max, and VESTPD were recorded and calculated. One week later, subjects exercised in their wheelchairs at approximately 50% (mean = 52 +/- 2%) of VO2max for 60 min on a motorized treadmill. Approximately 10 ml venous blood was withdrawn both 10 min and immediately prior to the prolonged exercise, at 20, 40, and 60 min of the exercise period, and at 10 min post-exercise. Venous blood was analyzed for glucose, hemoglobin, lactate, Na+, K+, Cl-, and plasma protein. Hematocrit was recorded and plasma volume changes calculated VO2, VE, and HR were recorded at 17, 37, and 57 min of the prolonged exercise. The mean VO2max was 29.5 +/- 2.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, with a mean max VESTPD and HR of 61.86 +/- 4.98 1.min-1 and 174 +/ 4 b.min-1, respectively. The changes in VO2 and VE during the prolonged wheelchair exercise were not significant. Significant changes occurred in venous lactate and plasma glucose concentrations during prolonged wheelchair exercise. Plasma volume changes were similar to those seen in able-bodied subjects. A notable finding was the pre-exercise hemodilution. Present data indicate that paraplegics can exercise at approximately 50% VO2 for 60 min, producing responses similar to those in able-bodied subjects. PMID- 7321824 TI - The effect of an acute bout of exercise on selected pulmonary function measurements. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine and follow the effect of an acute bout of exercise on residual volume (RV) and other pulmonary function measurements over a 24-h post-exercise period, and to evaluate the effect on subsequent body composition calculations. Selected pulmonary function measurements of 12 male college students were collected prior to exercise at 5, 15, and 30 min, and at 1, 2, and 24 h post-exercise. RV was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased 20.8% (260 ml), 16.8% (210 ml) and 12.0% (150 ml) at 5, 15, and 30 min post exercise, respectively. Total lung capacity (TLC) was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased 2.7% (190 ml) and 2.3% (160 ml) at 5 and 15 min post-exercise, respectively. Subsequent body composition calculations, using the post-exercise RV data, resulted in significantly (P less than 0.01) lower relative body fat measures, as compared to the pre-exercise value, through 30 min of recovery. In conclusion, our data demonstrate apparent increases in RV and TLC immediately following maximal treadmill exercise; these measurements remained significantly increased over pre-exercise values, through 30 and 15 min of recovery, respectively. It is recommended that the RV measurement and the actual hydrostatic weighing procedure not be separated by an acute bout of exercise, and that protocols for long-term studies be standardized. PMID- 7321823 TI - Exercise performance in marathon runners with airway obstruction. AB - While evaluating lung function prior to four long-distance races (20-100 km), we found that nine of 127 marathon runners (7.1%) had airway obstruction (mean FEV1/FVC, 63.3%). Since obstruction to air flow may limit exercise performance, we compared selected cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise on a cycle ergometer in runners with airway obstruction (RAO), nine non-athletic control subjects (CON), and nine marathon runners with normal lung function (RNL). As the chemical drive to breath affects exercise hyperpnea, the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were measured. All RAO were males with a mean age of 35.6 yr (range of 20-44 yr). Eight of nine RAO had a significant increase in flow rates after inhalation of isoproterenol. In the RAO and CON groups exercise ventilation was similar when oxygen consumption (VO2) was less than 2.0 l/min; as VO2 exceeded this level, significantly greater ventilation was required by the RAO. Carbon dioxide production was highest in RAO, intermediate in CON, and lowest in RNL. There was no significant difference in the mean ventilatory responses among CON, RAO, and RNL. Despite pulmonary dysfunction, the RAO achieved moderate-to-high levels of exercise performance. PMID- 7321825 TI - Long-term Holter ECG monitoring of athletes. AB - The purpose of the study was to detect the frequency and quality of rhythm disturbances in athletes during the late recovery period following a training session. Thirty-two athletes volunteered to participate. The ECG tracing was recorded by the use of a one-channel 12-h portable electrocardiograph cassette recorder. All subjects were instructed to keep a diary of symptoms and activities, and to record the onset of sleep and waking time. The tapes were analyzed using a rapid scanner with digital circuit for arrhythmia detection. Samples of all arrhythmic events were recorded for further analysis. The data from fitness testing, PWC170 and VO2max were higher than the mean values for active people of the same age group. The most common feature observed in our subjects, as expected, was sinus bradycardia. Most (91%) had a mild or pronounced sinus respiratory arrhythmia. Isolated atrial or ventricular premature contractions were observed in 6.2% of the subjects, intermittent first degree A-V block and second degree A-V block with Wenckebach periods were observed in 3.1%, high T-waves were found in 43.5%, and high take-off of ST segments were found in 53%. No symptoms, such as chest pain or palpitation, were recorded. The average heart rate when awake or asleep, including the longest RR interval, did not differ from the results of healthy individuals. The arrhythmias observed in our athletes were fewer than those reported in a normal population. PMID- 7321827 TI - Cardiac dimensions and performance after either arm or leg endurance training. AB - We have recently reported improved exercise performance with untrained limbs in 10 men after 11 wk of either arm (N = 5) or leg (N = 5) endurance training. To examine the changes in cardiac function produced by short-term training, we used echocardiography to measure cardiac function at rest, and systolic time intervals (STIs) to measure cardiac function during trained and untrained limb exercise. We repeated all studies after autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol in order to observe non-autonomic changes in cardiac function. Training had little effect on cardiac size or performance at rest, although with autonomic blockade, cardiac mass increased in the leg-training group and resting left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was prolonged when the two training groups were combined. During submaximal exercise with both trained and undrained limbs and at similar heart rates before and after training, LVET for the combined groups was increased with and without autonomic blockade. This increase in LVET is most consistent with an increased cardiac stroke volume. Short-term endurance training appears to result in improved exercise cardiac function that is in part independent of altered autonomic control or adaptations in trained skeletal muscle. PMID- 7321826 TI - Heart rate response to bicycle ergometer exercise in children ages 6-7 years. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the heart rate response of pre-pubertal males and females during rest, steady-rate power output, peak power output, and recovery. Sixty-six children (38 males and 28 females) ages 6-7 years performed a continuous bicycle ergometer exercise test, including 4 min of steady-rate work (males = 15.3 +/- 0.17 W.min-1, females = 15.0 +/- 0.16 W.min-1) followed by a progressive increase in resistance until volitional fatigue, and a 5-min recovery period immediately following termination of exercise. Mean steady rate heart rate response of 119.0 +/- 1.75 beats.min-1 for males was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the females (132.1 +/- 2.92 beats.min 1). Peak heart rate response was similar between the sexes (190.1 +/- 1.21 and 192.1 +/- 1.73 beats.min-1 for males and females, respectively; P greater than 0.05). Sex differences in heart rate recovery from peak values were significant (P less than 0.05) during the first 3 min of the 5-min recovery period, but not thereafter (P greater than 0.05). It was concluded that sex differences in heart rate response were present in these prepubertal children at rest, during steady rate power output, and during the first 3 min of recovery. PMID- 7321828 TI - Comparison of nutrient intake in middle-aged men and women runners and controls. AB - Runners and other active individuals typically have plasma lipoprotein patterns different than their more sedentary peers. In an attempt to determine if these patterns could be explained by dietary differences, we studied nutrient intake in middle-aged (35-59 yr) men and women runners averaging 55-65 km/wk, and inactive controls. The runners were leaner (P less than or equal to 0.0001) and had higher caloric intakes (40-60% higher on a weight-adjusted basis); they also ate more fat and carbohydrate (P less than or equal to 0.01), and were more likely to consume alcoholic beverages. When nutrient intake was expressed as a percent of total calories, the runners ate less protein (P less than or equal to 0.001). The runners obtained a smaller percentage of calories from starch and a greater percentage from other carbohydrates. Differences in nutrient intake seemed unlikely to account for observed differences in plasma lipids and lipoproteins between the runners and controls. PMID- 7321829 TI - Comparison of serum lipids between habitually high and low active pre-adolescent males. AB - Evaluations of 55 pre-adolescent males were made to determine if differences existed in the serum levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, or HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios between groups with contrasting levels of body fatness and physical activity habits. Underwater weighing revealed a median body fatness of 13.8% and 5-d physical activity records revealed a median of 3.9 h for daily participation in moderate to very high intensity activities. These values were respectively employed to stratify the sample into groups characterized as "lower fatness" or "higher fatness," as well as "lower active" or "higher active." Statistical comparisons between these groups indicated an absence of body fatness effects on any of the serum lipids. However, in contrast to similarities in physical characteristics, body composition, and nutritional intake (except total calories) between the "lower active" and "higher active" groups, physical activity effects were noted for two of the four serum lipid traits. Greater exposure to activities classified as moderate to very highly intense was consistent with lower total triglycerides (52.1 mg/dl vs 68.2 mg/dl) and higher HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios (0.33 vs 0.29) in these 8- to 11-year-old males. PMID- 7321830 TI - Glucose utilization in human erythrocytes during physical exercise. AB - Red blood cells obtained from well-trained athletes consumed glucose at a higher rate than those from sedentary subjects when incubated in vitro in a glucose containing medium at 37 degrees C. Similar results were obtained when fructose was substituted for glucose, but not when galactose was the monosaccharide. The utilization of glucose by erythrocytes can occur both via the Embden-Meyerhof and Pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). In the present experiments, there were no differences in the activities of select enzymes in these pathways or in metabolic intermediates of the erythrocytes. An exception was an elevated 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) in the erythrocytes of the athletes. Additional experiments are needed to identify changes in the red blood cells of the athletes which produce the increased consumption of glucose. PMID- 7321831 TI - A kinetic analysis of sprinting. AB - To investigate the kinetics of sprinting, 15 male runners were filmed during a maximal effort sprint. The results were digitized, computer processed, and analyzed with interest focused on the muscle moment patterns about the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow. The moments about the ankle consisted of minimal activity during the air phase to plantar flexor dominance during the ground phase. At the knee, the pattern demonstrated extensor to flexor dominance during the air phase, followed by flexor to extensor dominance during the ground phase. The hip moment pattern was composed of flexor to extensor activity during the air phase, then extensor to flexor dominance during ground contact. The magnitude of the lower limb joints indicated maximum exertion, with the highest values occurring during eccentric contraction. The greatest effort was generated by the hip extensor/knee flexor muscle group during the initial portion of ground contact, which corresponds with the area of greatest sprint injury. The angular force generation about the shoulder consisted of alternate flexor to extensor activity (extensor to flexor activity about the opposite shoulder), while the elbow activity was dominated by the flexors, with only brief extensor supremacy. The relatively small upper limb muscle moments seem to relegate the arms to the simple role of maintaining balance. PMID- 7321832 TI - Metacarpophalangeal flexion forces with respect to age, sex, and exercise habits. AB - Individual finger strengths in digits II-V were examined in terms of metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint flexion forces among a group of 22 senior citizens. Data were collected using a finger force transducer, with each digit splinted so as to allow flexion solely at the MP joint. Findings were evaluated in light of the self-reported exercise habits of the subjects and in comparison with similar data reported in a previous study conducted with college athletes. Patterns of finger strength among the digits and between the sexes were identical for most parameters investigated among the senior citizens as compared to the college athletes. Mean finger strength levels for male and female senior citizens were 10.0% and 10.5% less, respectively, than those of the college athletes of each sex. Correlations between individual estimates of hours spent per week engaged in activity requiring extensive hand utilization and mean finger strength for each subject were r = 0.14 and r = 0.46 for male and female subjects, respectively. PMID- 7321833 TI - Body composition and somatotype characteristics of junior Olympic athletes. AB - Body composition and somatotype were determined in Junior Olympic competitors to evaluate the structural characteristics concomitant to high proficiency in various athletic activities. Underwater weighings and anthropometric determinations of somatotype were performed on 145 male and 133 female adolescent participants in national meet competition in the sports of track and field, gymnastics, diving, and wrestling. The most frequent differences within either the male or female Junior Olympic samples involved the performers in throwing events (shot put, discus, and javelin), who were taller, heavier, fatter, and of unique somatotype when compared to all or most other competitors. Additional structural differences, generally of a lesser magnitude, also existed between other groups of Junior Olympians. Differences in body composition characteristics were also noted when Junior Olympians were compared with other adolescent athletes or non-athletes. PMID- 7321834 TI - Effect of fatigue level on rate of force development by the grip-flexor muscles. AB - Fifteen college-age males were tested for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the grip flexors and were then subjected to five trials in which their strength levels were degraded to either 80%, 60%, or 40% MVC. Immediately following the fatigue bout, the subject released his grip and upon command attempted to squeeze as rapidly and forcefully as possible. Testing was also administered under a non fatigued state (1.00 MVC); every subject was tested under each condition with the order of administration assigned at random. The data were analyzed based upon the amount of force generated at 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512 ms following the initial deflection from the baseline. All values were normalized by dividing the force expressed by the maximum force developed under that condition at 512 ms. The data analysis revealed that for each fatigue level the pattern of force uptake was sigmoidal; however, differences in normalized force were observed among fatigue levels at 64 and 128 ms. In general, at those time intervals there was an inverse relationship between fatigue level and expressed force. Analysis of the force velocities revealed that during the period from 8 to 64 ms, the rate of tension uptake was adversely affected as the level of fatigue was increased. PMID- 7321835 TI - Load-carrying effects on the adult beagle tibia. AB - The response of the skeleton to carrying extra weight while exercising was studied in 30 young adult male beagles. Following 34 wk of a caged control period, 18 dogs carried lead-weighted jackets for 1 h and 15 min, 5 d/wk for 2 yr, on a carousel-type treadmill at 3.3 kph. During the next 23 wk, the load carried was gradually increased to 130% of the animal's body weight, and then maintained for 48 wk. The other 12 dogs served as controls. The dogs remained healthy and responded to exercise showing decreased skinfolds and body weight. All dogs showed increases in both tibial mineral content and width with time; but, the exercise group increased significantly more in mineral content than the controls. It is concluded that the gradual increase in bone mineral and width of the tibia is normal in the epiphyseal-closed skeleton of a young adult beagle. Also important is the fact that the intervention of exercise with added weight will increase tibial mineral content above these normal levels. PMID- 7321836 TI - [Tropical ophthalmology. Introduction]. PMID- 7321837 TI - [Report on 22 cases of perforating orbital wounds recorded in Africa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321838 TI - [Ocular globe perforating wounds in Africa (272 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321839 TI - [Value of retinal electrophysiology during treatments by synthetic antimalarial drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321840 TI - [Retina and qualitative abnormalities of hemoglobin (author's transl)]. AB - The classification of the main qualitative abnormalities of hemoglobin is recalled. The five phases of the retinal changes caused by drepanocytosis are described. Their pathogenesis is explained. The specialized treatment is photocoagulation after cryokiming coagulation has been discarded. Nowadays laser is used but the timing and the indications for this treatment are not yet fixed. PMID- 7321841 TI - [Comments upon onchocerciasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7321842 TI - [Ocular myiasis (author's transl)]. AB - We must consider: -- Superficial ocular myiasis affecting the lacrymal cul-de-sac and ducts and caused by oestridae larvae growing on conjunctiva or lacrymal ducts. -- Deep ocular myiasis affecting either the eyelids or the ocular globe and due to larvae pertaining to several families of flies and requiring an anaerobic phase in their development. This type of myiasis must be separated in two groups according to their localization in the camera anterior or in the camera posterior. Sometimes larvae are very, numerous and demonstrate a high potential of spreading and a phagedena. Surgical treatments are indicated. PMID- 7321843 TI - [Corneal changes in leprosy (report of an autochtonous case) (author's transl)]. AB - The patient was affected by a lepromatous leprosy and had a unilateral oedema of the posterior layers of the cornea with a conjonctival hyperhemia. The authors review the various aspects of corneal changes in leprosy: -- paralytic and non specific changes in trigeminal paralysis; -- direct and specific changes: opacification of corneal nerves, a vascular keratitis, corneal leproma, disorders of the vascularisation either by pannus or by interstitial vascularisation. The epidemiological problems are briefly considered. PMID- 7321844 TI - [Ophtalmic involvement in cutaneous leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. AB - In stricto sensu cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2 to 5 p. 100 of the facial lesions are localized on the eye-lids, most often on the external corner. The pathologic pattern is comparable to what can be observed on the rest of the skin but the fragility of eye-lid gives a special risk of local spreading. The most common aspect is chalazion-like but ulcerous, phagedenic and cancer-like forms may be observed. Lacrymal ducts are sometimes involved. In muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis the lesions are more destructive and may lead to eye loss. The authors consider the diagnosis and the appropriate treatment. PMID- 7321845 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in brucellosis uveitis (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of ocular brucellosis relies on the Witmer's ratio between ocular and seric specific antibodies. If the dosage in acqueous humor is not available a presumptive diagnosis is given by significative values of serologic tests (buffered antigene test, indirect immunofluorescence, passive hemagglutination test) and by the cell-immunity test (TIL and IML). Treatment must be local, symptomatic and general, with antibiotherapy associated with desensibilization. PMID- 7321846 TI - [Main causes of child blindness in People Republic of Congo (author's transl)]. AB - Report from 18 months of practice in the "Hopital General" of Brazzaville. Three groups must be considered: -- Newborns: -- the purulent gonococcal ophtalmia has a bad prognosis and though rather rare, must not be neglected. -- Infants: -- measles, which have in Congo a very high prevalence, induce very frequently corneal ulcers with a great risk of rapide evolution towards hypopyon or panophtalmia; -- congenital cataracts probably related to rubella or toxoplasmosis. -- Children: -- congenital glaucoma; -- retina, with, in first rank, the retinoblastoma which seems particularly frequent in People Republic of Congo; -- traumatisms of various kinds. PMID- 7321847 TI - [The Haik fornix conjunctival flap (author's transl)]. AB - The Haik fornix conjonctival flap has been described before the second world war, in order to protect cornea with conjonctiva without cutting the latter as in the classic conjonctival flap. This operation requires only a limited number of instruments and no special ophtalmologic training for the operator. The main indications are: -- keratitis caused by lagophtalmia; -- neurophtalmic keratitis; -- ulcerous keratitis and specially the meta-herpetic ones; -- necessity of a protection before a sanitary evacuation in penetrating wounds of the ocular globe. PMID- 7321848 TI - [Evaluation of the traditionnal Arabic technique of couching in the treatment of cataract in Mali (author's transl)]. AB - Study of 52 cases of empiric treatment of cataract by couching. This technique, still much used in african traditionnal medicine, is first described and then the results are considered (69 globes and 52 patients): -- total or practical blindness: 55 globes: keenness of sight: from 1/10 to 2/10: 2 globes, above 3/10; 12 globes (5 globes out of these 12 have been controlled after a delay above 2 years). -- Hypotonus: 22 globes Normotonus: 26 globes (8 out of these 26 with an excavated papillar atrophy) Hypertonus: 21 globes. PMID- 7321849 TI - [Artificial crystalline lens in developing countries (author's transl)]. AB - In developing countries, cataract affects many young but also poor patients. They have difficulties to get operated and generally cannot afford to buy spectacles. Implanting artificial crystalline lens is, then, theorically the best solution. This skillfull technique, nevertheless, requires a high level sanitary environment. Recent advances in the surgical treatment of cataract and postoperative correction of aphakia minimized its risks. Improvements in plastics technology give new possibilities. A study of the various techniques available and of the changes required in the sanitary environment of developing countries give some hope for a possibility of using artificial crystalline lens in these countries. PMID- 7321850 TI - [Where are the borders of trachoma? (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a trachoma at scar-stage with entropion-trichiasis is recorded. The patient was a white woman having spent her whole life in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Islands which are not affected by trachoma. The authors, then, review the present trends about the extraocular and ocular diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 7321851 TI - [Primary open angle glaucoma in Central Africa (author's transl)]. AB - Study of 70 cases of primary open angle glaucoma recorded in eleven months in Bangui (C.A.R.). The main features are: -- the age: 21 p. 100 under 40; -- the ocular tonus level: 48 p. 100 above 40 mmHg; -- the already much advanced stage registered at the first medical exam in 54,2 p. 100 of the cases. PMID- 7321852 TI - [I couldn't believe my own eyes! (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports his self observation of onchocerciasis contracted in february 1978 on the Sue River as he was launching a WHO Trypanosomiasis Control Project in the Southern Sudan. After a prepatent period of nearly three years, the first symptom to appear was the observation of a mobile microfilaria moving in the field of vision of the patient's right eye. This unusual clinical warning led to a routine diagnosis and treatment with diethylcarbamazine. The author then offers three comments on his case story: 1. Patients should be listened to, even if their complains appear queer and unorthodox according to text books descriptions. 2. Many if not most of chronic tropical diseases present themselves with a protracted and symptomless incubation period. People living in rural areas, usually short of medical facilities, should not be blamed for a so called irresponsability for their late reporting to a doctor or a public health worker. 3. An ailing epidemiologist finds some sort of solace in knowing where, when and how he has been trapped. PMID- 7321853 TI - [A case of Marfan's syndrome in a black African (author's transl)]. AB - Marfan's syndrome seems not frequent in black population. A case observed in a 16 years african girl is reported. The morphologic ocular criteria were present: divergent strabismus, microphakia and luxation of the crystalline lens. In the absence of cardiac malformations, surgical treatment was underwent and brought the acuteness of vision from 1/10 to 5/10. PMID- 7321854 TI - [Treatment of benign esophageal stenosis by prolonged dilatation]. PMID- 7321855 TI - Electrophysiological investigation of the skeletal muscle in peroneal muscular atrophy. PMID- 7321856 TI - Induction of humoral autoimmune response to rat male accessory glands. PMID- 7321857 TI - [Auricular dissociation. Unilateral auricular arrest]. PMID- 7321858 TI - [Sclerodermatomyositis, paroxystic dyspnea crisis, inferior vena cava ligation, shock]. PMID- 7321859 TI - [Importance of cytogenetic changes in the neoplastic transformation in lymphomas]. PMID- 7321860 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in hematologic disease]. PMID- 7321861 TI - [Congenital infection by Junin virus in guinea pigs]. PMID- 7321862 TI - The role of configuration in the identification of visually degraded words. PMID- 7321864 TI - The effect of phonemic processing on the retention of graphemic representations for words and nonwords. PMID- 7321863 TI - The effects of visual similarity on proofreading for misspellings. PMID- 7321865 TI - Is phonological recoding under strategic control? PMID- 7321867 TI - Syntactic complexity and elaborative processing. PMID- 7321866 TI - Performance structures in the recall of sentences. PMID- 7321868 TI - A three-factor model of syllogistic reasoning: the study of isolable stages. PMID- 7321869 TI - Common and specific features in pictorial analogies. PMID- 7321870 TI - An investigation of semantic memory in individuals. PMID- 7321871 TI - Harmonic structure as a determinant of melodic organization. PMID- 7321872 TI - Wyatt v. Stickney and mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 7321873 TI - The new institutions: last ditch arguments. PMID- 7321874 TI - Common sense in the habilitation of mentally retarded persons: a reply to Menolascino and McGee. PMID- 7321875 TI - Rejoinder to the Partlow Committee. PMID- 7321876 TI - Prompting sequences in teaching independent living skills. PMID- 7321877 TI - The use of sequential pictorial cues in the initiation and maintenance of grooming behaviors with mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7321878 TI - Data vs. reflections: a reply to Moxley and Ebert. PMID- 7321879 TI - Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). PMID- 7321880 TI - Detection of antigens and haptens by inhibition of passive immune hemolysis. PMID- 7321881 TI - Quantification of complement fixation by the C1 fixation and C1 fixation and transfer tests. PMID- 7321882 TI - Probing immune reactions by laser light scattering spectroscopy. PMID- 7321883 TI - Radioimmunoassay of creatine kinase isoenzymes. PMID- 7321884 TI - Production and application of antibodies to rat liver cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7321885 TI - Radioimmunoassay of the regulatory subunit of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 7321887 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7321886 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic inhibition assays based upon fluorescence polarization. PMID- 7321888 TI - Quantitation of human cuprozinc superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) by radioimmunoassay and its possible significance in disease. PMID- 7321889 TI - Radioimmunoassay and immunotitration of human serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 7321890 TI - Quantitation of estradiol receptors by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7321891 TI - Production and assay of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7321892 TI - Insulin receptor antibodies. PMID- 7321894 TI - Microprocessor-based radioimmunoassay data analysis. PMID- 7321893 TI - Concentrations of binding protein and labeled analyte that are appropriate for measuring at any analyte concentration range in radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7321895 TI - The Raji, conglutinin, and anti-C3 assays for the detection of complement-fixing immune complexes. PMID- 7321896 TI - C3c-binding ELISA for the detection of immunoconglutinins and immunoglobulin aggregates. PMID- 7321897 TI - Assay of soluble immune complexes using radiolabeled rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7321898 TI - Quantification of immune complexes by nephelometry. PMID- 7321899 TI - Isolation of soluble immune complexes from human serum: combined use of polyethylene glycol precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on protein A-Sepharose. PMID- 7321900 TI - Purification and analysis of immune complexes with the aid of rheumatoid factor coated tubes. PMID- 7321901 TI - Vascular associations of mast cells in the diaphragm. PMID- 7321902 TI - Blood flow velocity in capillaries of brain and muscles and its physiological significance. PMID- 7321903 TI - Normal transcapillary pressures in human skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissues. PMID- 7321905 TI - Measurement of red cell velocity with a two-slit technique and cross-correlation: use of reflected light, and either regulated dc or unregulated ac power supplies. PMID- 7321904 TI - Intravascular pressure distribution and dimensional analysis of microvessels in hamsters with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7321906 TI - A physiologically stable rat model for in vivo studies. PMID- 7321907 TI - [Energy dependence of glucose transport in Brevibacterium flavum cells]. AB - Glucose transport by Brevibacterium flavum is accomplished against the concentration gradient without group translocation. The membrane electrochemical potential is presumed to serve as an energy donor in the process of glucose transport. Phosphorylation of glucose in the cells involves ATP and D-glucose-6 phosphotransferase. Glucose preservation in the cell is also an energy-dependent process. PMID- 7321908 TI - [Pyruvic acid formation by the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis]. PMID- 7321909 TI - [Alternative carbon metabolic pathways and their regulation in the methylotrophic yeast Candida methylica]. AB - The activities of indicative enzymes involved in the dihydroxyacetone, glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt were studied comparatively in the yeast Candida methylica growing in media with methanol, glucose and ethanol. Differences in the enzyme levels indicate that the pathways of substrate metabolism in methylotrophic yeast cells are regulated in an alternative and complicated manner. The nature of a carbon source, its concentration in the medium and the general direction of metabolic processes which, in turn, depend on the growth phase of the methylotrophic yeast are important regulatory factors of enzyme synthesis and activity. PMID- 7321910 TI - [Mycobacterium rubrum phospholipids]. AB - Mycobacterium rubrum 121 cells contain 8% of lipids, one third of which is represented by phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl inositolmannosides. The acyl groups of these phospholipids are residues of C14-C19 fatty acids, with palmitic and oleic acids prevailing. Differences were found in the fatty acid composition of certain phospholipids. PMID- 7321911 TI - [Superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase of propionic acid bacteria]. AB - The respiration of different species of propionic acid bacteria was found to be resistant to the inhibiting action of cyanide. Propionibacterium globosum, P. globosum (emm), P. vannielii, P. shermanii, P. petersonii, P. pentosaceum and P. raffinosaceum were shown to contain superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. The highest activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was found in P. globosum and P. vannielii, the lowest one in P. shermanii and P. raffinosaceum. Peroxidase was detected in propionic bacteria for the first time. PMID- 7321912 TI - [Effect of cycloheximide on glucan biosynthesis in the growth process of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeasts]. AB - Biosynthesis of alkali-acid-insoluble beta-glucan was studied in the course of growth of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis IBPM Y366. Synthesis of this important component of the cell wall was shown to depend on the stage of the cultural growth. The rate of 14C-glucose incorporation into the glucan fraction was maximal at the beginning and in the middle of the logarithmic growth phase. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml inhibited glucan synthesis at the beginning and by the end of the logarithmic growth phase, but stimulated synthesis of this polymer in the middle of the logarithmic phase of growth of this organism. PMID- 7321913 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of Actinomyces olivaceus in the process of development of a culture as related to lipid synthesis]. AB - The cytomorphology of an Actinomyces olivaceus culture was studied, in the course of its submerged cultivation in two media differing in phosphate content, in relation to lipid biosynthesis. The cells (including those grown under the conditions of phosphate deficiency in the medium) have well-developed membranous apparatus, particularly during the exponential growth phase and in the transition to the stationary phase whose time depends on the composition of the medium. No visible defects were found in the membranous apparatus of cells grown under the conditions of phosphate deficiency; the lipid component of these cells contained ornithinolipid instead of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The fraction of ornithinolipid which had been found in this culture only under the conditions of phosphate deficiency was detected now in cells cultivated in a medium lacking CoCl2.6H2O but without phosphate deficiency during the stationary growth phase using the techniques of column and thin-layer chromatography. Nitrogen-containing polar lipids comprise cephalin (86.5%) and ornithinolipid (13.3%). PMID- 7321914 TI - [Cellular study of a lysogenic Desulfovibrio desulfuricans culture after mitomycin C induction]. AB - Ultrathin sections through the cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, strain B, were examined using electron microscopy after inducing the formation of phages with mitomycin C at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Changes were found in the size of the cells, their cell wall and nucleoids. The cells contained phage particles of different maturity. The electron microscopic study of the induced phage has shown that it does not differ in morphology from the phage of this culture discovered by us earlier. PMID- 7321915 TI - [Effect of the cultivation temperature on the growth and chemical composition of the methanol-assimilating yeast Candida boidinii]. AB - The yeast Candida boidinii T2A was cultivated in a medium containing methanol or glucose as a sole carbon and energy source, and the effect of the cultivation temperature on the specific growth rate, the economic coefficient and the chemical composition of the yeast was studied in a continuous chemostat process. The specific rates of the yeast growth increase with the cultivation temperature up to optimal limits and then lower down abruptly in the supraoptimal zone. The maximal specific rate of the yeast growth in a medium with methanol at 30 degrees C is 0.24 h-1, while in a medium with glucose a 32 degrees C, it equals 0.38 h-1. In the suboptimal zone, the economic coefficient of the yeast growing in a medium with methanol at a dilution rate above 0.06 h-1 remains, for all practical purposes, at the same level (38-41%), while supraoptimal temperatures decrease the economic coefficient of the yeast. The results show a change in the content of protein and RNA as a function of the cultivation temperature and the dilution rate. It is concluded that the macromolecular composition of the yeast biomass is determined not only be the dilution rate, but also depends of temperature which regulates the rate of the yeast growth. PMID- 7321916 TI - [Effect of an electrical field on Alcaligenes eutropha cells]. AB - The electrophoretic mobility and electrokinetic potential of the hydrogen oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes eutropha were measured using microelectrophoresis. The cells were shown to bear a negative charge of ca. 2 x 10(-8) coulomb/cm2. The electrokinetic potential causing electrophoresis of the bacterium changes from negative values in an alkaline or neutral medium to positive values in an acid medium, and the isoelectric point is at pH approximately 6.0. The electrophoretic mobility of the bacterium rises with an increase of the ionic strength of solutions. The electric field of a low voltage (up to 5 V/cm) does not induce a noticeable change in the behaviour and growth of the bacterium under the autotrophic conditions. PMID- 7321917 TI - [Suppression of Penicillium purpurogenum growth by organotin compounds]. AB - We studied the effect of organotin compounds and their mixtures with N cetylpyridinium chloride on the accumulation of biomass by Penicillium purpurogenum. Ditributylstannylic ester of fumaric acid at a concentration of 0.005 micrograms/ml was shown to inhibit the accumulation of biomass. If an organotin compound was used in combination with N-cetylpyridinium chloride, the fungicide effect was greater at a lower dose of the organotin compound in the mixture. Organotin compounds and their mixtures with N-cetylpyridinium chloride suppress protein biosynthesis in the fungal mycelium, increasing protein content in the cultural broth. The mechanism of action of organotin compounds on the growth of P. purpurogenum is discussed. PMID- 7321919 TI - Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and stomach and colon cancers- are they all caused by viral infections? AB - It is hypothesized that chronic gastritis and ulcerative colitis both are induced by viral infection, and that such chronic infection of the mucosa may lead to ulceration and occasionally cancer. Duodenal ulcer disease and Crohn's disease may on the other hand, be due to activation of latent viral infection of the corresponding neural ganglions, with subsequent migration of virus along the nerves to the gut wall. The gastric acid hypersecretion often occurring in patients with duodenal ulcer disease might be a consequence of viral interference with the efferent nerve function of vagal ganglions. Correspondingly, non-ulcer dyspepsia as well as irritable colon may reflect viral infection of afferent nerve function leading to pain and discomfort. PMID- 7321920 TI - A hypothesis on the etiological role of diet on age of menarche. AB - Body size and body composition have been suggested as the best explanation for the temporal trend toward early menarche over the last 100 years. There is evidence from human and animal studies that indicates that body size is not the primary factor in influencing the occurrence of menarche. The data actually show that diet may be a primary environmental control mechanism of menarche especially since it alters hormone levels. We see diet as an etiological factor in both the long term and immediate control of menarche. In the long term it influences body size and development leading to menarche. In the short term it acts at a critical state to precipitate the onset of menarche and related physiological changes. This hypothesis does not exclude other less important factors associated with menarche. Our data shows that the present trend toward early menarche can be reversed when a balanced vegetarian diet is selected in place of the ordinary American diet. PMID- 7321918 TI - [Sensitivity to sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate: a supplementary test for bacterial identification]. AB - The susceptibility to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, an anion-active detergent, was studied with 10 Gram-positive and 18 Gram-negative bacterial cultures. According to this susceptibility, the cultures were subdivided into two groups identical in their tinctorial properties. The bacteria growing at a 0.05% concentration of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or at its higher concentrations were Gram-negative. The threshold concentration of this compound in the medium at which Gram-positive cultures could grow was 0.008%; some of the bacteria ceased growing even at a 0.002% concentration. The bacteria varied in their susceptibility to the detergent also within one and the same group, and even within one and the same species. The subdivision of bacteria on the basis of their susceptibility to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate may be considered as a taxonomic feature. PMID- 7321921 TI - Vitamin C, titrating to bowel tolerance, anascorbemia, and acute induced scurvy. AB - A method of utilizing vitamin C in amounts just short of the doses which produce diarrhea is described (TITRATING TO BOWEL TOLERANCE). The amount of oral ascorbic acid tolerated by a patient without producing diarrhea increase somewhat proportionately to the stress or toxicity of his disease. Bowel tolerance doses of ascorbic acid ameliorate the acute symptoms of many diseases. Lesser doses often have little effect on acute symptoms but assist the body in handling the stress of disease and may reduce the morbidity of the disease. However, if doses of ascorbate are not provided to satisfy this potential draw on the nutrient, first local tissues involved in the disease, then the blood, and then the body in general becomes deplete of ascorbate (ANASCORBEMIA and ACUTE INDUCED SCURVY). The patient is thereby put at risk for complications of metabolic processes known to be dependent upon ascorbate. PMID- 7321922 TI - Health care technology assessment essential to effective medical care. PMID- 7321923 TI - Health practices assessment should include social, economic, and ethical implications. PMID- 7321924 TI - NCHCT could impede health care advancement and delivery. PMID- 7321925 TI - National Center for Health Care Technology: an important resource for health care delivery. PMID- 7321926 TI - Need for timely information justifies NCHCT. PMID- 7321927 TI - EO gas sterilization and humidity. PMID- 7321928 TI - Frequency analysis of breath sounds by phonopneumography. PMID- 7321929 TI - The plug-mounted battery-charging power supply: is it necessary? PMID- 7321930 TI - Acute renal failure in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7321931 TI - Bilateral stones and renal failure. PMID- 7321932 TI - Bacterial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7321933 TI - A new concept of the formation of hypoxic cells in tumors and its possible implications for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 7321934 TI - Bromocriptine for visual field defects in prolactinomas. PMID- 7321935 TI - Pattern of glomerular disease in Malaysia. PMID- 7321936 TI - An unsuspected danger in oxygen administration. PMID- 7321937 TI - Attempted suicides in Penang--preliminary observations. PMID- 7321938 TI - Aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity in three groups of apparently healthy Malay males. PMID- 7321939 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography-a new technique in clinical practice. PMID- 7321940 TI - Extensive crescent formation in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. A case report. PMID- 7321942 TI - The importance of being humane: important resolutions of the World Medical Association. PMID- 7321941 TI - The sexual abuse of children: a widespread problem receives close attention. PMID- 7321943 TI - Hammering the doctors: plenty of harping but no blueprint for reform. PMID- 7321944 TI - Peyronie's disease. PMID- 7321945 TI - Zygosity and placentation in twins. PMID- 7321946 TI - Sunscreens and their side effects. PMID- 7321947 TI - Malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 7321948 TI - Funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) antivenom. 2. Early clinical experience. AB - This paper describes the successful use of funnel-web antivenom in two severe cases of envenomation from bites by a male funnel-web spider, Atrax robustus. Rapid resolution of the syndrome occurred in both cases. Although the first patient, a 49-year-old man, may have slowly recovered without antivenom, it is unlikely that the other patient, a three-year-old boy, would have survived without antivenom therapy. In both cases the duration of hospitalisation was dramatically reduced. PMID- 7321949 TI - Fetal lung maturation assessment after administration of glucocorticoid. AB - The concentration of lamellar body (or surfactant) phospholipid in amniotic fluid generally increases as gestation proceeds and the fetal lungs mature. However, when glucocorticoid is administered prior to 35 weeks' gestation to accelerate fetal lung maturation, the ensuing increase in lamellar body phospholipid, to levels indicative of lung maturity, may be followed by a decrease to levels which suggest a reversion to lung immaturity. Estimations of fetal lung maturity should be interpreted with caution following the administration of glucocorticoid. PMID- 7321950 TI - Breast feeding and growth of healthy infants. AB - Breast feeding was prevalent and sustained in a prospective growth study of healthy Perth infants and was accompanied by slower weight gains, compared to figures from the 1960s. This may have important effect on the future of young Australians. PMID- 7321951 TI - Metricating the medico: a basic guide to SI units in medicine. PMID- 7321952 TI - Medical confidentiality--a battered baby. PMID- 7321953 TI - Continuing education in general practice. 1. Attitudes of general practitioners. AB - As part of a Queensland survey, we made an assessment of the attitudes of general practitioners to continuing education. We analysed responses for age, sex, type and geographical location of practice. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that commitment to CME is lifelong. Most of them did not feel that there is too much concern with keeping up-to-date. Recognition of their own educational needs is a problem for a sizeable minority. Most feel that GP skills can be taught through CME courses, which should focus on patient management. Informal communication with colleagues is a useful mode of learning. Although exactly half the doctors felt that CME should be mandatory, a greater proportion of younger doctors were in favour. PMID- 7321954 TI - New South Wales intensive care ambulance system: outcome of patients with ventricular fibrillation. AB - Four hundred and thirty-four (2%) of the 22210 patients transported by the Intensive Care Ambulance system in Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong during 1979, were patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF). Two hundred and eighty-two (65%) of these were pronounced dead on arrival in hospital, 152 (35%) were admitted to hospital, and 91 (21%) survivors were discharged from hospital. For 240 patients with witnessed cardiac arrest, the mean delay before the arrival of the paramedics was 15.9 +/- 3.1 SE minutes. Only one of 41 patients attended by paramedics later than 10 minutes after cardiac arrest survived to be discharged from hospital, compared with 39 of 169 patients attended by paramedics within 10 minutes of cardiac arrest. With the assistance of the Intensive Care Ambulance, 91 patients survived pre-hospital VF in New South Wales in 1979; consideration should be given to methods of minimising delays in attending these patients. PMID- 7321955 TI - Depressive illness masquerading as dementia in the elderly. PMID- 7321956 TI - Liver disease induced by perhexiline maleate. AB - This paper reports a case of fatal perhexiline maleate liver injury. A 62-year old man had received perhexiline maleate for 18 months before death. Hepatic failure developed after a routine surgical procedure. The clinical course and histological findings are presented. PMID- 7321957 TI - Hydatid cyst of the heart presenting as cerebral and cerebellar infarction. AB - A 37-year-old Italian man presented with acute fever, headache, confusion and right arm clumsiness. Computerised axial tomography of the head showed right cerebellar, left parietal and frontal lobe haemorrhagic infarcts. An X-ray film of the chest showed a circular mass adjacent of the heart. On aspiration of the mass lesion during bronchoscopy, we found hydatid hooklets. A left ventriculogram showed this cyst to be attached to the pericardium. Subsequently, we performed left thoracotomy and the hydatid cyst was excised (though incompletely). The patient was treated with mebendazole and made a complete recovery. PMID- 7321958 TI - Carcinogens and cancer: reviewing carcinogens and recommending safeguards. PMID- 7321959 TI - Aboriginal funding. PMID- 7321960 TI - Nasal sinusitis. PMID- 7321961 TI - Stinging insect allergy. PMID- 7321962 TI - Colorectal cancer screening. PMID- 7321963 TI - Accreditation and medical records. PMID- 7321964 TI - Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7321965 TI - Malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 7321966 TI - Measles epidemic. PMID- 7321967 TI - Oral contraceptives: where are the excess deaths? PMID- 7321969 TI - South African protest. PMID- 7321968 TI - Delusional hair loss. PMID- 7321970 TI - Self-poisoning with drugs: a 3 1/2-year study in Newcastle, NSW. AB - This is a review of 963 cases of self-poisoning with drugs (8.5% of all medical emergencies) treated in the three major Newcastle hospitals over a 3 1/2-year period. The number of patients admitted rose from 243 (July 1976 to June 1977) to 326 (January to December, 1979)-an overall increase of 34%. The most common drugs used were benzodiazepines (34.9% of cases); barbiturates (11.2%); tricyclic depressants (9.2%); paracetamol (8.1%) and phenothiazines (6.2%). In four of 134 cases involving barbiturates, phenobarbitone had been used as part of an anticonvulsant regimen. Six patients died in hospital and 31 who committed suicide with drugs were not admitted to the hospital, but were investigated by the Regional Forensic Pathologist. PMID- 7321971 TI - Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Increased immunoglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome were found in association with increased protein levels. Evaluation of the immunoglobulin/protein ratios led us to conclude that the increase in immunoglobulin levels may be due to a leakage of plasma proteins and is unlikely to be caused by a local immune response to a preceding antigenic stimulus. PMID- 7321972 TI - Food habits and nutritional status of Brisbane schoolchildren. AB - One hundred and forty-five children, aged 11-12 years, attending a primary school in a working class suburb of Brisbane, had their weights and heights measured and answered questions about their food intakes and home backgrounds. Analyses of the data showed that children of working mothers were more likely to be overweight (greater than or equal to 110% W/H); while eating calorie dense snack foods and frequent use of the school tuckshop was associated with less underweight (less than 90% W/H), but no increase in overweight. The use of convenience foods in the home was associated with increased underweight and decreased overweight. PMID- 7321973 TI - Oral bioavailability of theophylline from hydroalcoholic and alcohol-free preparations. AB - We investigated the bioavailability of theophylline in eight healthy subjects following the oral administration of theophylline (128 mg) in hydroalcoholic (Brondecon elixir) and alcohol-free (Nuelin syrup preparations. The trial was open, randomised and cross-over. Theophylline was rapidly absorbed from both preparations. Bioavailability was assessed by measuring peak theophylline concentration, time to peak, absorption half-life and area under the curve. We concluded that the bioavailability of theophylline from each orally administered product was similar. PMID- 7321974 TI - Colorectal cancer in Australia, 1908-1978. PMID- 7321975 TI - Therapeutic communication. PMID- 7321976 TI - Corked up: clinical hyoscine poisoning with alkaloids of the native corkwood, Duboisia. AB - Australian native trees of the genus Duboisia contain high concentrations of atropine-like alkaloids, especially hyoscine. Occupational exposure to the dried plant material results in two clinical syndromes: "cork-eye", and being "corked up". Plant abuse, as an intoxicant and hallucinogen, also results in the "corked up" syndrome. This paper presents four cases of the Duboisia syndrome. Central effects and peripheral anticholinergic effects are encountered in both occupational and accidental field exposure. The particular susceptibility of children, and management of the Duboisia poisoning syndrome are discussed. PMID- 7321978 TI - Containing health care costs: world recession is changing the face of medicine. PMID- 7321977 TI - Letter to a clever young physician. PMID- 7321979 TI - Neurolinguistics and all that: an experiment in communication provides insights. PMID- 7321980 TI - Plumbed in bidet. PMID- 7321981 TI - Doctor incommunicado. PMID- 7321982 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7321983 TI - A rosy light. PMID- 7321985 TI - Reliable neoplasm detection. PMID- 7321984 TI - Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7321986 TI - Cimetidine agranulocytosis. PMID- 7321987 TI - Respiratory morbidity in waterside workers. PMID- 7321988 TI - Nutritional megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 7321989 TI - Oversea qualifications. PMID- 7321990 TI - PLasma and potassium. PMID- 7321991 TI - Unusual dosage of disopyramide. PMID- 7321992 TI - Alcohol and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7321993 TI - Febrile reaction to silver sulphadiazine cream. PMID- 7321994 TI - The value of postcardiac infarction exercise stress testing: identification of a group at high risk. AB - We prospectively selected 154 patients who had survived acute myocardial infarction with electrical and/or mechanical complications to undergo an exercise stress test, four to six weeks after discharge from the Coronary Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital. The patients exercised on a bicycle ergometer until they were unable to continue or had reached 70% of their predicted maximum heart rate for their age. Eighteen (11.7%) patients exhibited flat ST-depression of 1 mm or more on exercise. Six of these 18 patients later died (33.3%). Only seven (5.1%) of the 136 patients who exhibited no electrocardiographic change died during follow up. We conclude that patients recording positive exercise stress test results after acute myocardial infarction, have a poorer prognosis and therefore should be considered for more intensive medical or surgical treatment. PMID- 7321995 TI - Teenage pregnancies in Western Australia. AB - Examination of fertility rates among teenagers in Western Australia from 1968 to 1978 revealed a steady decline n the birth rate among older teenagers (16-19); a similar decline did not occur among girls under 16. an increasing proportion of teenage births is occurring to these young teenagers. Information obtained from a linked file of birth and perinatal death registrations in Western Australia over the same period indicates that the infants of young teenage mothers have a substantially higher risk of low birthweight and perinatal death than infants of older mothers. The presence of this high-risk group of very young teenagers needs to be emphasized, as it is usually masked by presentation of data on all teenagers as a group. The authors recommended the involvement of special adolescent units in the prevention and management of teenage pregnancy. PMID- 7321996 TI - Natural history of allergy in asthmatic children followed to adult life. AB - This is a prospective study of wheezing children, who were followed up from the ages of seven to 21 years. Allergy factors were documented in all subjects. Hay fever and positive reactions to skin allergy tests were more prevalent in 21-year old subjects with severe asthma. However, 50% of subjects who had ceased wheezing has hay fever, and 65% had at least one positive skin test reaction. The number of asthmatic subjects with hay fever and positive skin test reactions progressively increased between the ages of seven and 21 years. Eczema was significantly associated only with severe asthma. More 21-year-old subjects with severe asthma wee breast-fed in infancy for longer periods than in the control group and in groups with mild to moderate asthma. Further investigation is needed before the hypothesis that breast feeding protects against the development of allergic phenomena can be accepted. PMID- 7321997 TI - A 13-year follow-up of social drinkers. AB - In 1965-66 we examined 359 men in the workforce reporting an alcohol consumption ranging from nil to the equivalent of 11.4 L of beer a day. We found an association between reported drinking and the prevalence of hypertension and gout. Thirteen years later, we were able to trace 340 of these men; 39 of them had died. Survival curves showed that the heavier drinkers (those drinking more than: 1.14 L of beer a day) tended to die at an earlier age. Due to the relatively small numbers involved, the difference in mortality between the lighter and heavier drinkers was not statistically significant. We found no support for the theory that alcohol consumption affords protection against death from coronary heart disease. PMID- 7321998 TI - Current trends in vaccine development. PMID- 7321999 TI - The management of deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 7322000 TI - Widening perspectives on chronic pain. PMID- 7322001 TI - Career choices of young graduates: A need for more GP training. AB - A survey of fourth year (first clinical year) medical students at the University of Western Australia in 1977 showed that 48% of them wanted to be general practitioners. When interviewed again as interns in 1980, the same group showed a 61% preference for general practice. In 1977, 57% of interns and junior RMOs had wished for a career in general practice. During the last five years the proportion of graduates entering the Family Medicine programme has reached as high as 68% in the third year after graduation. In the 25 years since the first medical graduates qualified in Perth the percentage entering general practice has climbed from 15 to 80; the percentage entering the specialties has declined from 85 to 20. This survey is a valuable tool in planning postgraduate training programmes. PMID- 7322002 TI - [What diagnosis would you make?]. PMID- 7322003 TI - [Women - the truly strong sex]. PMID- 7322004 TI - [Clinical toxicology - medicine's stepchild]. PMID- 7322005 TI - [Digitalis poisoning: incidence, symptoms and therapy]. PMID- 7322006 TI - [Between hallux rigidus arthrosis and gout is no causal relationship]. AB - The following assertion - continuously being alleged - is examined: Hallux rigidus arthrosis is said to occur in patients suffering from gout more frequently than average, and it should be valued as a symptom of chronic gout. Results of our own findings are as follows: 1. Hallux rigidus arthrosis becomes manifest in general on the right side or bilaterally, respectively; on the left side, however, it occurs rarely in an isolated state. 2. In patients with hallux rigidus arthrosis hyperuricaemia, gout, and obesity are seen more frequently than in adults of the normal population - these three diseases often are combined with static mutations in the region of the lower extremities. 3. No criteria can be stated as to causal relationship between hyperuricaemia (or gout) and hallux rigidus arthrosis. Obesity has to be considered a connecting link between both of them, and it is accelerating their genesis. 4. Hallux rigidus arthrosis represents - same as the arthrosis of Heberden - the more frequent possibility for confusing it with gout. PMID- 7322008 TI - [Buprenorphine for pain replaces morphine]. PMID- 7322007 TI - ["Spontaneous healing" for massive capsule ruptures of the spleen]. PMID- 7322010 TI - [Occupational health physicians in the national health system. Proceedings of a seminar. Milan, March 2, 1981]. PMID- 7322009 TI - [Specialty in occupational medicine: some reflections]. PMID- 7322011 TI - [Specialization in occupational medicine: international experiences]. PMID- 7322012 TI - [Occupational medicine and health reform]. PMID- 7322013 TI - [Prospects for including the occupational medicine specialist in the new health structures]. PMID- 7322014 TI - [Role of the university in the education and advanced training of the specialist in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7322015 TI - [Obligations and prospects for occupational medicine in Lombardy]. PMID- 7322016 TI - [May hand-arm vibration exposure be a hypertension-risk factor? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322017 TI - Experimental research on chronic poisoning by "carbofuran". PMID- 7322018 TI - [Lead-stearate exposure in a plastic factory in the province of Siena (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322019 TI - Serum enzyme activities and histological changes after percutaneous application of methylchloroform. PMID- 7322020 TI - [Assessment of occupational exposure to halogenated anaesthetic gases: comparison between personal samplers and passive dose meters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322021 TI - [How to measure arterial pressure: recommendations to remember]. PMID- 7322022 TI - Productive infection of chick embryo cells by influenza viruses tightly bound on substratum. AB - To test whether penetration of influenza viruses could occur at the plasma membrane of host cells, virus particles were tightly bound on Concanavalin A coated substratum of plastic culture plates and then overlayed with embryo cells. Under these conditions, endocytosis of the viruses was prevented but the cells were found to be effectively infected. The results indicate, that infection by influenza viruses can occur through fusion between the viral membrane and the host cell plasma membrane. PMID- 7322023 TI - [Changes in the virulent properties of strains of the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in passage via Phlebotomus papatasi]. PMID- 7322024 TI - [Experimental proof of the heterogeneous composition of natural Leishmania major populations for the virulence trait]. PMID- 7322025 TI - [Infestation of the population with the dysentery amoeba in southern regions of the RSFSR. I. Protozoological study data]. PMID- 7322026 TI - [Effect of Fenasal on Hymenolepis nana strains isolated from patients yielding and resistant to specific therapy]. PMID- 7322027 TI - [Suppression of mitochondrial respiration in Fasciola hepatica by dioxydiphenylsulfide derivatives]. PMID- 7322028 TI - [Accurate method of determining the physiological age of female mosquitoes with the example of An. pulcherrimus and An. hyrcanus populations in northeastern Afghanistan and the fertility of females of these species]. PMID- 7322029 TI - [Housefly (Musca domestica L.) resistance to chlorophos]. PMID- 7322030 TI - [1981 World Health Day]. PMID- 7322031 TI - [Immunologic status in children with recurrent pyuria]. PMID- 7322032 TI - [Endoscopic and histologic changes in gastric mucosa in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 7322033 TI - [Viral hepatitis as an occupational disease in medical workers in Vojvodina]. PMID- 7322034 TI - [The exercise test in the evaluation of the hypertension reaction]. PMID- 7322035 TI - [Loss of parents during childhood or adolescence in male alcoholics]. PMID- 7322037 TI - [The 1st verified case of Legionnaires' disease in Vojvodina]. PMID- 7322036 TI - [Malignant tumors of the nasal septum]. PMID- 7322038 TI - [Digitalis poisoning, with special emphasis on conduction disorders and their treatment]. PMID- 7322039 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7322040 TI - [Neuronitis vestibularis and polyarthritis acuta]. PMID- 7322041 TI - [Physical exercise and sports: their importance in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7322042 TI - Preliminary evaluation of display format effects on perceptibility in a low contrast ultrasound test object. AB - A phantom consisting of a gel closely resembling human liver on B-mode scanning, and containing a rounded zone of decreased echogenicity, was used to create a series of B-mode ultrasonic images containing simulated "lesions" in random locations on the final recorded image. A homogeneous gel phantom was used to create a series of blank images. Images were recorded in three display formats: conventional white on black background, conventional black on white background, and black on a white background with luminance normalized to that of the conventional white on black image. Six subjects were presented with a randomized series of scans in the 3 display formats, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the effect of display format on low-contrast detectability. Detectability of low-contrast "lesions" was lower in a high contrast image with black on white background compared to the medium contrast image in white on black format. Detectability with the black on white format having normalized luminance was generally intermediate between that observed for the two conventional formats. PMID- 7322043 TI - Experimental measurements of the scatter reduction obtained in mammography with a scanning multiple slit assembly. AB - A nonconventional and sensitive method of measuring scatter is described. The method was employed to quantitate the scatter imaged in mammography with a conventional unit, a unit equipped with a grid, and a unit equipped with a scanning multiple slit assembly (SMSA). The results indicate that the grid technique significantly reduces the scatter imaged, while the SMSA virtually eliminates it. The resultant increase in large area contrast is readily apparent on radiographs with greater improvement obtained with the SMSA than with the grid. The effect of the increase in contrast on small detail visibility was assessed with a phantom having simulated fibrils and calcifications. Significantly more fibril and calcification detail was visible with the grid and SMSA technique than with the conventional technique. The detail visible with the grid and SMSA technique was comparable, and the lack of better performance by the SMSA unit is attributed to its poorer MTF. PMID- 7322044 TI - An analysis of dose efficiency in image intensified fluoroscopic examinations. AB - In this paper we have developed expressions for assessing radiographic systems where grids, air gaps, or both are used. The application of these expressions to film-screen detectors gives predictions in good agreement with data that are found in the literature. Using this analytical tool, image intensified fluoroscopy has been studied. We have shown that under certain circumstances with air gaps there are potential gains in the efficient use of dose in fluoroscopy. The air gaps are of particular value where relatively thin body parts or small lesions are being examined using small focal spot generators. An independent gain control on the image intensifier would be useful for achieving the greatest flexibility when using magnification in fluoroscopy. PMID- 7322045 TI - Some aspects of optimization of an invasive microwave antenna for local hyperthermia treatment of cancer. AB - Hyperthermia has emerged as a promising alternative or adjunct to other forms of cancer therapy. In order to utilize hyperthermia in very localized volumes immersed in regions of vital normal tissue, an invasive microwave coaxial monopole antenna has been developed. An experimental approach has been taken to characterize and optimize the electromagnetic properties and heating capabilities of bare and insulated antennas imbedded in tissue equivalent phantoms and dog brain. Four methods have been used to visualize the thermal profiles of the microwave probes: the liquid crystal technique, the gelatin technique, and the direct measurement of temperature with thermistor probes in phantom and dog brain. Among the parameters studied are: antenna impedance, insertion depth, antenna insulation (dielectric constant and thickness), shaft insulation, and frequency. PMID- 7322046 TI - Dosimetry considerations in phototherapy. AB - Dosimetry in phototherapy involves a determination of the energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue, corrected for the quantum yield in a photochemical reaction. The dose rate in photochemotherapy of cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative and visible light is related to the extinction coefficient, quantum yield for singlet oxygen production, concentration of sensitizer and energy flux density at depth. Data or methods of determining these quantities are presented. Calculations have been performed for the energy flux density at depth, as a function of the total attenuation coefficient and ratio of scattering coefficient to total attenuation coefficient, for isotropic scattering in slab geometry. For small absorption, these depth dose curves exhibit a maximum within the tissue followed by an exponential decrease. PMID- 7322047 TI - Contrast effects of a gadolinium filter. AB - Several authors have suggested using heavy metal filters with K edges in the diagnostic energy range to reduce the width of the x-ray spectrum and hence reduce patient radiation exposure. This spectral narrowing also increases subject contrast and permits an increase in tube potential. Results of contrast measurements are presented for a 250 mu gadolinium filter. It was found that aluminum filter contrast could be matched by using 8 to 10 kVp higher potential with the gadolinium filter. Similar results were found for calcium tungstate and rare-earth screens. Measurements were also done to determine skin exposure and mAs ratios for both constant contrast and constant kVp technique conversion methods. A simple theory with one adjustable parameter gives a reasonable fit to the experimental results. PMID- 7322048 TI - A three-film technique for reconstruction of radioactive seed implants. AB - Computer dose calculations for interstitial implants of radioactive seeds require a knowledge of the spatial coordinates of each seed in the implant. These coordinates are usually constructed from the seed images on either an orthogonal or a stereo pair of radiographs. Such a procedure, however, requires that each seed can be identified on each film. We have developed a computer algorithm which computes the locations of the seeds from a set of two stereo and one AP radiographs, even when seed identities on all films are indeterminable. This is done by means of a ray tracing technique. Under ideal conditions the projections from the three films uniquely define all seed locations. Under clinical conditions, however, where digitizing uncertainties and patient movement are inevitable, the algorithm must determine the most likely set of seed locations from the larger set of all possible seed locations. The criteria for making this selection, as well as clinical examples, are presented. PMID- 7322049 TI - Analytic formulae for estimation of dose along the central ray of diagnostic x ray beams. PMID- 7322050 TI - An illustration of transfer function correction in classical tomography. PMID- 7322051 TI - Speculation concerning average tissue-air ratio determinations for rotational 60Co radiation therapy treatment planning. PMID- 7322052 TI - Importance of magnification in star test pattern use. PMID- 7322053 TI - Application of fission track detectors to californium-252 neutron dosimetry in tissue near the radiation source. AB - Fission track detectors were applied to a unique problem in neutron dosimetry. Measurements of neutron doses were required at locations within a tumor of 1 cm diameter implanted on the back of a mouse and surrounded by a square array of four 252Cf medical sources. Measurements made in a tissue-equivalent mouse phantom showed that the neutron dose rate to the center of the tumor was 2.18 rads micrograms-1 h-1 +/- 8.4%. The spatial variation of neutron dose to the tumor ranged from 1.88 to 2.55 rads micrograms-1 h-1. These measurements agree with calculated values of neutron dose to those locations in the phantom. Fission track detectors have been found to be a reliable tool for neutron dosimetry for geometries in which one wishes to know neutron dose values which may vary considerably over distances of 1 cm or less. PMID- 7322054 TI - Regional myocardial flow estimation using computed tomography. AB - A novel method is presented for estimating regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) using x-ray computed tomography (CT). Two major setbacks are removed from the existing methods; namely, the requirement for intra-arterial bolus injection of tracer, and the inability to determine regional volumes of tracer distribution when the corresponding partition coefficients are unknown. The mathematical model developed for RMBF estimation combines both the tracer dispersion process and the CT measurement process. Intravenously administered contrast media (tracer) is assumed to be perfectly mixed by the myocardium. Tracer dynamics, as measured by CT (CT#s. vs time curves) in the myocardial regions and in the left ventricular chamber, can then be used to compute cardiac output, regional volumes of tracer distribution, and absolute RMBF. These computations use the zeroth and the first moments of the measured CT#s. vs time curves. Errors due to partial volume effects, and methods for their correction, are analysed. This formulation is readily adapted to existing computed tomographic systems having the capability to produce multiple sequential CT scans. PMID- 7322055 TI - An x-ray fluorescence technique to measure the mercury burden of dentists in vivo. AB - Mercury exposure in dental offices may represent a health hazard. Previous studies evaluated mercury exposure through blood, urine or hair analysis. The mercury content of body fluids in hair depends on the time since mercury exposure, mode of intake and its excretion, and sequestration by different tissues. Utilizing an x-ray fluorescence technique, the mercury burden in bone, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney was measured in vitro. The x-ray fluorescence, XRF, and chemical assays of the mercury content of these samples correlated. The XRF technique was used to assay the mercury content of tissues irradiated in vivo. It was found that the mercury signal arising at a depth in tissue was reduced as the thickness of overlying material increased. Thus, the XRF assay for tissues in vivo is confined to organs near the surface. The mercury content of the superficial layers of the head and wrist were determined in situ for a dental population. Concentrations as low as 20 micrograms/g could be detected with an exposure of 60 mR. Of the 298 dentists evaluated, 28% had greater than 20 micrograms/g of mercury in the head. PMID- 7322056 TI - X-ray spectra vs attenuation data: a theoretical analysis. PMID- 7322057 TI - Photon activation-15O decay studies of tumor blood flow. AB - A direct, noninvasive method for measuring absolute values of specific capillary blood flow in living tissue is described. The method is based on the photon activation, in situ, of tissue elements and the measurement of the subsequent decay of the positron activity induced, employing coincidence detection of the photon pairs produced in positron annihilation. Analysis of the time-dependent coincidence spectrum reveals the contribution to the total signal from the decay of 15O, from which the specific capillary blood flow in the imaged, activated volume is ultimately determined. By virtue of its introduction of the radioisotope of interest (15O) directly and uniformly into the tissue volume under investigation, the method described permits both the nonperfused and well perfused fractions of an activated volume to be estimated and hence, the average specific blood flow within imaged tumor volumes to be computed. The model employed to describe and analyze the data is discussed in detail. Results of application of the technique to measurement of specific blood flow in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors grown in WAG/Rij rats are presented and discussed. The method is shown to be reliable and well suited to studies designed to determined the effects of various agents, such as heat, radiation and drugs, on tumor blood flow. PMID- 7322058 TI - Image information transfer properties of x-ray fluorescent screens. AB - The image information transfer efficiency for five x-ray fluorescent screens (calcium tungstate, barium halide, and three rare earth screens) has been experimentally determined with monoenergetic x-ray beams at energies of 18, 22, 32, 49, 51, 58, and 69 keV. The transfer efficiency, which is defined by the ratio of the output signal-to-noise ratios, was determined from measurements of (a) the fraction of incident x rays absorbed in the screen and (b) the statistical distribution of the number of light photons emitted from the screen per absorbed x ray which was determined by light photon counting techniques. Comparisons of the information transfer efficiency, the average number of light photons emitted per absorbed x ray, and the light output energy per Roentgen are given for the above screens and x-ray energies. PMID- 7322060 TI - Principles in positioning cross-projecting lasers. AB - With the increased sophistication of lasers used for patient positioning in radiotherapy comes increased possibilities for mistakes in installing the lasers, which can result in serious patient positioning errors. Two principles must be followed when mounting cross-projecting lasers: (1) the horizontal line must be on the same level as the treatment unit isocenter, and the vertical line must be coplanar with the gantry rotation, and (2) If one of the lines of the cross rotates, it must be the line which is perpendicular to the line joining the two holes from which the laser beams exit the laser casing. PMID- 7322059 TI - Contrast-detail-dose and dose efficiency analysis of a scanning digital and a screen-film-grid radiographic system. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the diagnostic potential of a scanning digital radiography (SDR) system currently used clinically as a CT localization device. The technique of contrast-detail-dose analysis is used to compare the low contrast sensitivity and dose efficiency of an SDR unit with standard radiography (SR). The theory of threshold perceptibility in both digital radiography and SR is described, including the effects of scattered radiation and antiscatter devices, object attenuation, geometry, system image processing, and recorder quantum efficiency. The concept of dose efficiency is defined and derived from the contrast-detail-dose data. The SDR system is shown to operate with a threshold signal-to-noise ratio of 7.3 +/- 1.2 for large area detection (d greater than or equal to 2 mm); to be relatively scatter-free; and to be as much a 100x more dose efficient than SR for visualization of large low contrast objects (C less than or equal to 0.04, d greater than or equal to 2 mm). PMID- 7322061 TI - Resolution in radiographic magnification. AB - Radiographic resolution and image sharpness are analyzed as a function of magnification for a few screen/film systems and a microfocal spot x-ray tube. Resolution and sharpness are described in terms of both MTF and effective aperture. The analysis demonstrates advantages of magnification for any combination of radiographic screen/film system and x-ray focal spot, and, in addition, allows one to compare different screen/film systems each used at different magnifications. Such an analysis is applicable to any radiographic system and may serve as a guide in selecting screen/film systems for use in magnification procedures. PMID- 7322062 TI - Variations in the beam characteristics of the Varian Clinac-4 (Pb). PMID- 7322063 TI - Image processing of conventional tomograms. AB - Previous authors have suggested that high pass spatial filtering of axial transverse and circular tomograms would improve the perceived image. A preliminary study here shows that good signal-to-noise ratio is critical for the success of image processing for the contrasts obtainable in the clinical situation. The successful image processing of a small object on the Philips Polytome is demonstrated, as well as a clinical example. A similar trial with the Toshiba axial transverse tomography machine was not successful due to lower subject contrast with higher kVp techniques. A derivation of the optical transfer function of circular and axial transverse tomograms is given, with emphasis on those features that image processing can improve. To accomplish image processing, two methods employing incoherent light were investigated. Either method may be regarded as an analogue equivalent to the mathematical operations employed by digital computers in the reconstruction of CT images. First, a simple all-purpose image processor is described that makes use of the Herschel effect. Second, a simple film copying technique that simulates a high pass spatial filter is introduced and used to improve tomographic images. PMID- 7322064 TI - CT alignment probe for the dose profile insert. AB - One of the most accepted methods of characterizing the dose in computed tomography (CT) is by measuring the dose profile. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) arranged in a stack are scanned in a plexiglass phantom. Unfortunately with this system there is no assurance that the scan properly intercepts the stack. Mispositioning will not be apparent until the TLD's are read, entailing at least a 24 h delay before rescanning. We have designed a simple alignment probe that insures that the scan will be centered on the stack to within 1 mm. PMID- 7322065 TI - Influence of surface shape on tissue-air ratio for cobalt-50. AB - The shape of the surface of incidence could affect the scatter and change the effective tissue-air ratio (TAR) value. The curvature of the body is considerable within the large beams used for total body irradiation. The effect of the surface curvature on the effective TAR value was studied using a computational approach that sums up the differential scatter air ratios from elemental beams. It was observed that the difference between the effective TAR and the standard flat surface TAR increased with depth to reach a maximum value of about 2% around 8- 11 cm depth. It decreased for larger depths, and the effect of surface shape was not perceivable beyond 18 cm depth. PMID- 7322066 TI - Millimeter wavelength thermographic scanner. AB - Two new types of thermographic instruments sensitive to millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation have been designed, constructed, and tested. These instruments utilize wavelengths that are three orders of magnitude longer and much more penetrating than those used in conventional infrared thermography. The instruments are capable of detecting apparent thermal variations as small as a fraction of a degree existing at tissue depths of several millimeters below the skin. By comparison, conventional IR thermographic units are limited to sampling radiation emitted only from the surface. The millimeter wave thermographic units are designed to contribute to the clinical detection of breast abnormalities with the specific aim of accurately and noninvasively detecting breast cancer. PMID- 7322068 TI - On the comparison of actual and calculated improvements in the imaging of calcifications using magnification mammography. PMID- 7322067 TI - A method for describing the doses delivered by transmission x-ray computed tomography. AB - A method for describing the absorbed dose delivered by x-ray transmission computed tomography (CT) is proposed which provides a means to characterize the dose resulting from CT procedures consisting of a series of adjacent scans. The dose descriptor chosen is the average dose at several locations in the imaged volume of the central scan of the series. It is shown that this average dose, as defined, for locations in the central scan of the series can be obtained from the integral of the dose profile perpendicular to the scan plane at these same locations for a single scan. This method for estimating the average dose from a CT procedure has been evaluated as a function of the number of scans in the multiple scan procedure and location in the dosimetry phantom using single scan dose profiles obtained from five different types of CT systems. For the higher dose regions in the phantoms, the multiple scan dose descriptor derived from the single scan dose profiles overestimates the multiple scan average dose by no more than 10%, provided the procedure consists of at least eight scans. PMID- 7322069 TI - Exposure rate constants for filtered 192Ir sources. AB - The exposure rate constant, gamma delta was recently calculated to be 4.69 +/- 0.05 R cm2h-1mCi-1 (9.09 x 10(-19) C kg-1m2s-1 Bq-1) for an unfiltered point sources of 192Ir. Using that same nuclear spectroscopy data filtered exposure rates constants have been calculated for encapsulated sources produced by two commercial manufacturers. For a 0.3 mm diam. spherical source with a 0.1 mm core of 25% Ir and 75% Pt encased in a sheath of 0.1mm 100% Pt, the calculated filtered exposure rate constant is 4.30 +/- 0.10 R cm2h-1mCi-1 (8.33 x 10(-19) C kg-1m2s-1 Bq-1). For a 0.5 mm diam. spherical source with 0.1 mm diam. core of 25% Ir and 75% Pt encapsulated in 0.2 mm stainless steel, the calculated filtered exposure rate constant is 4.45 +/- 0.10 R cm2h-1mCi-1 (8.62 x 10(-19) C kg-1m2s-1 Bq-1). Calculational details are presented. PMID- 7322070 TI - Power deposition in whole-body NMR imaging. AB - The surface radio frequency (rf) power absorption in human head and torso nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging experiments is estimated. The results are expressed as a function of the NMR frequency, the rf pulse length, and the pulse duty cycle, which are varied over six orders of magnitude for general applicability. The results are compared with average metabolic levels and the limits advised by the National Radiological Protection Broad of the United Kingdom. Heating due to time-dependent magnetic field gradients is discussed. PMID- 7322071 TI - Temperature corrected speed of sound for use in soft tissue imaging. AB - It has recently been suggested that values for the speed of sound in tissues currently reported in the literature are higher than those presently in use in diagnostic ultrasound. The purpose of this note is to indicate that the newer data under criticism was obtained at body temperature (and higher), whereas speed of sound in tissue data currently in use by medical physicists appear to be based on measurements made at room temperature. If a positive ultrasound temperature coefficient for soft tissue is used to extrapolate the data from body to room temperature, it can be seen that the extrapolation falls within the region of the bulk of room temperature measurements. Fortunately, most applications in which speed of sound data in tissue is used involves partial paths through lipidous tissue. Since the speed of sound in lipidous tissue is relatively lower at body temperature (liquid has a negative temperature coefficient) than is the speed of sound in soft tissue, the mean speed is lower than that obtained in soft tissue alone and room temperature values are probably justified. However, medical physicists should be careful to use body temperature data for soft tissue when the insonified region is composed mainly of soft tissue. PMID- 7322072 TI - An improved method for determining CT image slice thickness. AB - One of the important characteristics of a computed tomography scanner is the image slice thickness. Most phantoms designed to measure this parameter do so with a ramp or tilted wire. Such a phantom must be precisely aligned to avoid possible significant inaccuracy. We present here a procedure for measuring the image slice thickness using a phantom containing two crossed ramps. The procedure produced consistent and accurate measurements of slice thickness without having to carry out a time consuming alignment procedure. PMID- 7322073 TI - Fast neutron radiotherapy: for equal or for better? AB - The renewed application of fast neutrons in clinical radiotherapy has been stimulated by fundamental radiobiological findings. The biological effects of high LET radiation, including fast neutrons, are different from those obtained with x rays in at least three respects: the oxygen enhancement ratio, the sensitivity of cells at different phases of the cell cycle, and the contribution of sublethal damage to cell reproductive death. Furthermore, wide variations in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) have been observed for different tumors and normal tissues. Measurements of volume changes in human pulmonary metastases indicate that the RBE for slowly growing tumors which are generally well differentiated is higher than that for poorly differentiated lesions. Six thousand patients have now been treated with fast neutron beams. The results of the clinical applications vary according to the method of application and to the type of cancer involved: treatment of inoperable malignancies of the salivary gland is very encouraging: the therapeutic gain is rather small for bladder and rectal cancers, soft tissue sarcomas and advanced carcinomas of the cervix; the responses of brain tumors are very disappointing. Most neutron radiotherapy applications have been less than optimal because of inadequate physical and technical conditions. Despite these difficulties, some interesting clinical data have become available. Due to the technical shortcomings, the possible advantages of fast neutrons are probably underestimated for many tumor sites. Well-designed clinical trials, preferably performed with high energy cyclotrons in clinical environments, will provide a decisive answer to the question of the usefulness of the new radiation modality. PMID- 7322074 TI - Solution to treatment planning problems using coordinate transformations. AB - The majority of radiation treatment planning problems are relatively straightforward, involving only specified gantry angles in a treatment plane which is perpendicular to the patient longitudinal axis. In addition, there are a number of more complex three-dimensional problems which require combined rotation of the gantry, collimator, and turntable for their solutions. These include, for example, the use of non-coplanar fields and oblique treatment planes, the matching of field edges in three dimensions, the treatment of the breast with opposing tangential fields, and the treatment of inclined elongated lesions. Unfortunately, there is no general systematic approach to the solution of these more complex problems. One may attempt an analytic solution, but this approach is often too cumbersome and tedious. On the other hand, one may resort to a "trial and error" session with the simulator. This paper, therefore, presents a mathematical method which is easily applied and applicable to a wide variety of complex three-dimensional treatment planning problems. The method considers the gantry, collimator, and turntable as coordinate systems. These coordinate systems are derivable from each other by specified coordinate transformations, which contain the rotation angles of the gantry, collimator, and turntable. Within this mathematical framework, the treatment planning problems are found to reduce to two general types, of which various clinical examples are then given. PMID- 7322075 TI - Second scatter contribution to dose in a cobalt-60 beam. AB - Semi-analytic and direct numerical integration approaches have been used to study the contribution of doubly scattered photons to dose at a point P in a homogeneous water medium irradiated by a cobalt-60 point source. The semi analytic analysis was used for an infinite field radius to calculate the variation of second scatter dose with depth, the angular dependence of the second scatter dose, and the spectra. Direct numerical integration was used to calculate the second scatter dose at a depth of 10 cm for various finite field radii ranging from 0 to 25 cm. Maps were made of the locations of scattering sites that were important to the second scatter dose. These calculations show that the second scatter contribution is generally less than the first scatter dose with the exception of a few sites remote from the point of interest. In many ways, the pattern of dose deposition by second scatter is similar to first scatter with less pronounced features. In other respects, the second scatter appears more isotropic. The implications of these calculations for approximate radiotherapy dose calculations are discussed. PMID- 7322076 TI - Effect of small inhomogeneities on dose in a cobalt-60 beam. AB - The effect of small ring-shaped cavities on the dose delivered by a cobalt-60 beam to a homogeneous medium was studied experimentally and theoretically. Changes as small as 1 x 10(-4) of the total dose were measured. Experimental results show that, depending on the position of the cavity, replacing water with a small cavity can either increase or decrease scatter dose to a point in the medium. The increase in scatter dose was not anticipated and to our knowledge is not predicted by any of the presently available inhomogeneity dose correction algorithms used in treatment planning. Calculations were based on the perturbations of first and second scatter dose contributions and show that the presence of a cavity in the medium introduces three processes that decrease scatter dose and five that increase it. The calculated net effect is in good agreement with experiment. Additional calculations show that the effect of a single small inhomogeneity cannot be easily extrapolated to larger inhomogeneities and that multiple inhomogeneities do not act independently. Results from this study demonstrate two constraints that must be satisfied by future dose calculation algorithms: (i) they must correctly determine dose in a homogeneous non-unit density material, and (ii) they must account for the change in dose due to small inhomogeneities in the medium. PMID- 7322077 TI - Comparison of ion chamber and TLD dosimetry in mammography. AB - An ionization chamber method has been developed to measure exposure vs depth in a uniform BR 12 "average breast" phantom. It employs a Memorial mammography chamber for exit exposure measurements; resulting data is then corrected for backscatter as well as for the exceptionally thin window of this chamber. A careful comparison has then been made with relative exposure vs depth curves obtained using TLD at several mammography beam qualities, for identical exposure factors and SSD values. Use of a correction for residual and background TL signals significantly improved agreement between TLD and ion chamber curves in the 28 to 35 kVp/0.03 mm Mo range of beam quality. Agreement was within +/- 5% for the Mo target tube, but TLD readings were 4%--8% higher than ion chamber values for the W/Mo target tube. At Xeromammography energies (45 kVp/1.6 mm Al), corrected TLD curve readings were 6% higher at depth than ion chamber curve values. TLD meaurements with 28 to 35 kVp/0.03 mm Mo beams tend to underestimate dosage to the midbreast parenchyma. For example, in a 5 cm "average breast", the underestimation ranges from 2%--10% for corrected, 10%--16% for uncorrected TLD readings. PMID- 7322078 TI - An algorithm for the reduction of metal clip artifacts in CT reconstructions. AB - Implanted surgical metal clips often produce objectionable artifacts in CT reconstructions. The artifacts appear as streaks which emanate radially from the site of the clip. It is shown in this paper that these artifacts stem primarily from motion of the clip during the scan. An algorithm is described which reduces the intensity of these artifacts. The procedure attempts to remove the metal object entirely from the scan data by replacing the measured projection values of rays that passed through a neighborhood of the clip with calculated values consistent with an object whose density is an average of the surround. Examples are given for head and body scans as well as for computer simulations which show substantial reduction of the streak intensity. PMID- 7322079 TI - p(42)Be neutron therapy beams: dose rate and penetration as a function of target thickness and beam filtration. AB - It is shown that, in the production of p(42)Be neutron beams for clinical use, the use of semithick targets leads to more desirable beam characteristics when appropriate backstop materials are used. Furthermore, an algebraic representation of beam penetration and of dose per unit charge on target, including hardening by polyethylene filters, provides a method for target optimization. PMID- 7322080 TI - "Battered data"--some clinical effects of the abuse of multiple regression methods: the NSD. AB - The NSD equation, D = 1850 x T0.11 x N0.24, is a celebrated transmogrification of Cohen's two well-known collations of data on response to clinical irradiations (3 degrees erythema and 0.90 ablation of skin cancer) in which the relation of D and T is fixed by the data selected by Cohen and the additional constraint that N correspond to a schedule of five treatments per week is imposed subsequently by Ellis. The present paper shows that the equation, if correct, would have little clinical significance because the proportion, P, in which the dose, D, elicits the 3 degree erythema is unspecified: D = D(P) = D(?). Since the two Cohen collations each summarize the measurements on a different set of observational units, it is questionable whether the equation can be correct. This paper further shows that the appropriate (Least Squares) estimates of the three-parameter equation derived for the Cohen data under the Ellis constraint (five treatments per week) is in fact: D(1.0) = 1710 x T0.54 x N-0.26. The paper shows that the NSD equation is also incorrect because the ad hoc method by which Ellis estimates the exponents is inconsistent with the constraints imposed by Cohen and Ellis upon the parameters of the multivariate frequency distribution of the data set. The paper shows that the method by which the correct LS estimates of the exponents were obtained from the Cohen-Ellis data is consistent with these constraints and, therefore, this equation is a correct graduation of any other set of treatment regimens which is also consistent with the Cohen and Ellis constraints. The paper further shows that for such data sets there are, in fact, only two independent continuous variables, either D and T or D and N, since the Ellis constraint requires that N and T be collinear. Thus, the best linear graduation has the typical form: D congruent to 1900T0.32. This is "best" in the usual sense: both prediction and confidence intervals are provided for the estimates of the conditional "tolerance dose" D; these are not inflated by the presence of a collinear variable. This equation is biased, however, by the absence of the collinear variable. The TDF and the CRE concepts are derived from the NSD and, therefore, the deficiencies of the latter concept which we discuss may be expected to encumber these progeny as well. The two characteristic features of the Cohen (Ellis)-type data which impede the construction of useful estimates of the putative separate effects of N and T upon the response of tissues to irradiation are that (1) these data do not include specifications of either a tissue defect or its incidence, and (2) the variables N and T are collinear. Appendices I and II describe methods by which the effects of these features may be eliminated (I) or reduced (II). PMID- 7322081 TI - Rotating laminar emission camera with GE-detector: experimental results. AB - Experimental results of a prototype rotating laminar emission camera (ROLEC) for nuclear medicine imaging are reported. A 11.5 mm thick, 45 x 45 mm high-purity germanium detector is segmented into 30 1.47 mm wide parallel channels and collimated with 39 mm high parallel plates. Projection data acquired at multiple angular orientations as the detector-collimator assembly is rotated about its center are mathematically reconstructed to image the activity distribution. The spatial resolution of the ROLEC is at least twice as good, at all distances, as that of gamma cameras with high resolution collimators. The better energy resolution of the germanium enhances the detection and resolution of the ROLEC in comparison to gamma cameras with NaI(T1) crystals, the relative superiority increasing with greater volumes and with greater depths. Adequate sensitivity is maintained while achieving these improvements in spatial resolution and in practice; ROLEC images are acquired in less time than pinhole collimator images with gamma cameras. PMID- 7322082 TI - Rotating laminar emission camera with GE-detector: an analysis. AB - Design criteria for a germanium detector emission camera with laminar collimator detector geometry are reported. In this design, parallel plates above a grooved germanium slab form detector channels which accumulate data in multiple projections through 180 degrees. Activity distribution is determined through mathematical reconstruction from the projections. The laminar design has greater efficiency than a hole-collimated device due to a favorable open area ratio and due to collimation in only one dimension. The relative sensitivity at the center of the detector strip increases with detector length and distance from collimator face. Spatial resolution depends upon the design geometry (septal penetration and scatter within the crystal are of such small magnitude that degradation of the point spread function is minimal). A 30 channel protype device (ROLEC) shows good correlation with theoretically determined PSF and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Measuring times projected for a clinical sized device (300 mm diam) are about 4.6 times that of the Anger camera (with same SNR) and high resolution collimator. PMID- 7322083 TI - Analytic representation of electron central-axis depth dose data. AB - We have examined a number of analytic representations of electron central-axis depth dose data current in the literature, testing them against sets of standard depth dose data. One of them, a two-parameter model of Shabason and Hendee, is recommended in situations in which good accuracy (approximately 2%) is desired, with the values of the parameters determined by an approximation formula which we have developed elsewhere. For higher accuracy, we have developed a polynomial model which gives, typically, a standard deviation of the fitting polynomial from the data points of 1%, and a maximum deviation of 2%. Fitting polynomials obtained with this method possess the property of having zero slope at the position of actual maximum dose, and generally a fifth-order polynomial (requiring four nonzero coefficients) provided the most acceptable fit. The four parameters involved are determined through inversion of a 4 x 4 matrix, and we have tabulated these four coefficients for the standard data sets. The polynomial model is designed for interpolation in the range between the 100% dose depth and the 10% dose depth, and another fitting curve of the same type can be adjoined to cover depths less than the 100% dose depth. PMID- 7322084 TI - Field separation of adjoining therapy fields. AB - The question of optimal portal separation between two contiguous fields is of importance in radiotherapy. An analytical linear model based on experimental data has been developed for a Co-60 unit (Siemens Gammatron S 65 K). It allows the computation of the separation distance for any combination of field sizes not necessarily having the same source-surface-distance, defined either with penumbra trimmers or focused shaping blocks. PMID- 7322085 TI - Improved method for the design of tissue compensators. AB - A program, WBEAM, is described which calculates dose distributions in planes perpendicular to the beam axis, taking into account both field shape and patient contour. WBEAM can be used to design compensators which when placed in the beam will produce uniform dose distributions in the plane of calculation. The program was tested in three different situations: a 30 x 30 cm field with a flat contour, a "mantle" field with a flat contour, a "mantle" field with a human-like contour. The program performs as designed: the dose distributions are accurate, and the compensators flatten the radiation beams to the specified limits. PMID- 7322086 TI - Performance of a refrigerated charcoal trap for xenon-133. AB - The impulse response function of a charcoal trap to a bolus of xenon-133 was determined as a function of the total number of hours run both at room temperature and at 25 degrees C. The peak of the response function for a new trap at room temperature reached a value of 360 MPC at 11 h. After 150 h of operation, the impulse response function was determined at -25 degrees C reaching a value of only 35 MPC at 25 h. The exhaust concentration of a trap in a busy nuclear medicine department using 150 mCi of xenon per week was measured and found to be 1600 MPC. The trap was placed in the freezer and kept there while it continued in use. Over a period of 3 weeks, the concentration of xenon in the exhaust of the trap dropped to a value of 13 MPC, or less than 1% of its value at room temperature. PMID- 7322087 TI - Systmatic method of formulating liquid phantoms with a given elemental composition and density. AB - A general method of formulating tissue equivalent liquid mixtures of a given chemical composition and density using the technique of linear programming is described. It is used to generate mixtures with equivalent atomic composition as ICRP Standard Man and mammalian muscle (NBS Handbook 85) using eight compounds to cover the range of densities from 1.0 to 1.13. Use of the method to handle other parameters of a mixture is also described. PMID- 7322088 TI - Cardiac phase: amplitude analysis using macro programming. AB - The analysis of EKG gated radionuclide cardiac imaging data with Fourier amplitude and phase images is becoming a valuable clinical technique, demonstrating location, size, and severity of regional ventricular abnormalities. Not all commercially available nuclear medicine computer systems offer software for phase and amplitude analysis; however, many systems do have the capability of linear image arithmetic using simple macro commands which can easily by sequenced into stored macro-strings or programs. Using simple but accurate series approximations for the Fourier operations, macro programs have been written for a Digital Equipment Corporation Gamma-11 system to obtain phase and amplitude images from routine gated cardiac studies. In addition, dynamic cine-mode presentation of the onset of mechanical systole is generated from the phase data, using only a second set of macro programs. This approach is easily adapted to different data acquisition protocols, and can be used on any system with macro commands for image arithmetic. PMID- 7322089 TI - Confirmation of a speculation concerning average tissue-air ratio determinations for rotational Co-60 radiation therapy treatment planning. AB - The question of the number of radii which are necessary to accurately determine the average tissue-air ratio (TAR) to be used in 60Co rotational radiation therapy treatment planning was studied using actual patient contours. It was found that 12 radii adequately determine the average TAR for clinical purposes. PMID- 7322090 TI - Scatter transmission through an ideal grid. AB - An analytic expression is derived for the transmission of isotropic scattered radiation incident upon an ideal parallel grid. It is found that the expression for the transmission usually found in the literature overestimates the transmission by approximately a factor of two. PMID- 7322091 TI - Concerning dose efficiency in image intensified fluoroscopy. PMID- 7322092 TI - [Relationship between xylose in the blood and ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa in gluten intolerance. Study in children]. PMID- 7322093 TI - [Nitroblue tetrazolium tests, phagocytosis and lysozyme in full-term newborn infants]. PMID- 7322094 TI - [Liposarcoma with paratesticular origin. Case report and discussion of the diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7322095 TI - [Sarcomas of the spermatic cord. Apropos of a case of rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 7322096 TI - [The diagnostic problem caused by a fibrous polyp appearing on the site of a ureteral implant in the large intestine]. PMID- 7322097 TI - [Cyto-histology in the diagnosis of urothelial neoplastic disease of the bladder]. PMID- 7322098 TI - [Significance and value of urine culture during antibiotic therapy. Proposed new classification of bacteriuria]. PMID- 7322099 TI - [Urethral plastic surgery in hypospadias]. PMID- 7322100 TI - [Amikacin in the treatment of hospital infections of the urinary tract caused by gram-negative bacilli resistant to gentamicin. Microbiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7322101 TI - [Unusual tumors of the kidney: renal neurolipoma. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 7322102 TI - [Regressions of pulmonary metastases of clear cell carcinoma after nephrectomy and progestogen therapy]. PMID- 7322103 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bladder tumors]. PMID- 7322104 TI - [Cytology of prostate needle-biopsy specimens. Personal experience]. PMID- 7322105 TI - [Primary tumors of the retroperitoneal space. Personal experience]. PMID- 7322106 TI - [Diagnostic considerations on tumors of the upper excretory passages. Personal experience of the past 4 years]. PMID- 7322107 TI - [Analysis of 140 renal neoplasms. Survival evaluated on the basis of various parameters]. PMID- 7322108 TI - [Proposed new variant of ureterosigmoidostomy. Theoretical principles and preliminary results]. PMID- 7322109 TI - [Urethroplasty with a dura mater patch in rupture of the urethra]. PMID- 7322110 TI - [So-called "renal replacement lipomatosis"]. PMID- 7322111 TI - [An unusual case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in an adult]. PMID- 7322112 TI - [An unusual case of renal paraganglioma]. PMID- 7322113 TI - [Spontaneous fistulization of abscessed staghorn calculosis]. PMID- 7322115 TI - Lipid transfer proteins in the study of artificial and natural membranes. AB - Lipid transfer proteins, differing in their specificity for the transfer of lipids and for the surfaces on which they act, have been purified from various mammalian tissues and subsequently characterized. Several of their properties make them useful research tools. They have been used alone or with other techniques to study the distribution and mobility of phospholipids in artificial vesicles and in natural membranes, and have been used to create asymmetric phospholipid vesicles. Lipid transfer proteins are capable of altering the lipid composition of membranes by introducing new lipids or by depletion of existing lipids. Some of the transfer proteins can effect a net transfer of phospholipids, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol from one structure to another, whereas others appear to act primarily in promoting exchange. Some lipid transfer proteins are capable of introducing spin labeled and fluorescent lipid analogs into the outer surface of membranes. Because of lipid transfer proteins do not seem to alter membrane lipid asymmetry or permeability of membranes, they are useful tools for studying the effect of lipid substitution on membrane-mediated transport processes and on various membrane-bound enzyme systems. PMID- 7322114 TI - Horseradish peroxidase C. AB - Horseradish peroxidase C (HRP; ferric) reacts with H2O2 to form Compound I, with an equilibrium constant of about 10(14) M-1. Two-step reduction of Compound I to Compound II and further to the ferric enzyme occurs reversibly at Eo' values of 0.90 and 0.93 V (pH 7.0), respectively. The pH dependence of Eo' values for each one-electron step, ferrous leads to ferric leads to Compound II leads to Compound I indicates that presence of redox-linked ionization at pKa values of 7.3 in the ferrous state, 11.0 in the ferric and 8.6 in Compound II. Zinc-substituted HRP C is oxidized to its free-radical form at an Eo' value of 0.74 (pH 6.0) Comparison of oxidized zinc HRP C with Compound I shows that Compound I contains a porphyrin pi-cation radical. The flash photolysis study on the NO-ferric HRP C complex clearly indicates that the iron is pentacoordinated in HRP C while it is hexacoordinated in metmyoglobin. From the kinetic analysis of the acid-alkaline conversion of HRP C, the second-order rate constants of the reactions with H+ and HO- are estimated to be 1.5 X 10(10) and 6.7 X 10(4) M-1s-1, respectively. The latter rate constant greatly varies with the kind of hemoproteins. In the presence of HRP C and O2, indole-3-acetate is oxidized to its hydroperoxide form, which reacts effectively with HRP C to form Compound I and further converts Compound I to a verdohemoprotein. PMID- 7322116 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of photoreception. IV. Photoregeneration of rhodopsin from metarhodopsin II using the artificial lipid membrane method for detection of intermediate steps of this reaction]. AB - It was shown that photoregeneration of rhodopsin from metarhodopsin II takes place in bovine retinal rod outer segment disc membrane fragments. Photoregenerated rhodopsin is identical to unbleached rhodopsin in spectra and in stability to NH2OH. Moreover, as an unbleached pigment, photoregenerated rhodopsin can induce the transient increase of the artificial lipid membrane (ALM) conductivity in response to visible light. It was shown, that the UV-light converts metarhodopsin II to rhodopsin through the new long-lived (tau approximately 5 min) intermediate product (X500). X500 is indistinguishable from rhodopsin spectrophotometrically, but it can not induce the transient increase of ALM conductivity in response to visible light. It was shown that P467 (this product is obtained usually by photolysis of metarhodopsin II) has a retinal chromophore in all-trans configuration. This result indicates that P467 is produced from cis-metarhodopsin II and X500 (these products are the intermediates of the back reaction metarhodopsin II--rhodopsin) but not from metarhodopsin II as suggested earlier. A modified scheme of the back reaction metarhodopsin II- rhodopsin is given. PMID- 7322117 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of nucleic acid biosynthesis errors induced by alkylation of the nitrogen bases]. AB - The possible pathways of nucleic acid synthesis errors induced by alkylation of the nitrogen bases are considered. Using the atom-atom potential method, intermolecular interaction energy is calculated for coplanar pairs containing a normal base and N- or O-methylated analogue. By analysing the calculation results in terms of the conception of recognition centers of template enzymes the base pairs, which may occur in nucleic acid biosynthesis, were found. The preferential arising of G : C leads to A : T transitions is explained by formation of m6G : T pair. m6G : A and methylated pyrimidine : pyrimidine pair formation is supposed to be the pathways of transversions. All the data available concerning DNA and RNA synthesis on templates containing methylated analogues are explained by formation of wobble-pairs, pairs with one of the nucleotides in syn-conformation and pairs with one H-bond and a short C--H ... O or C--H ... N contact. PMID- 7322118 TI - [Spectroscopic study of interactions between nucleic acid bases and amino acid esters in dimethylsulfoxide]. AB - Interactions between nucleic acid bases (A, T, U. C) and some amino acid esters have been investigated by IR and UV spectroscopies in dimethylsulfoxide. The stability of associates of amino acid esters with the bases was established to form the following sequence: C greater than A much greater than U, T. The obtained data show that stability of complexes between the bases and amino acid esters decreases in the order: His greater than Met greater than Arg greater than Lys greater than Ser greater than or approximately Gly. The association is apparently realized through formation of two H-bonds, one of them involving the carbonyl group of amino acid, and another--its side chain. PMID- 7322119 TI - [Analysis of cellular nucleoproteins by nucleoprotein-celite-chromatography. I. Structural rearrangements of the chromosomal apparatus coupled with cellular quiescence-growth transitions]. AB - By using the nucleoprotein-celite-chromatography of unfractionated cell lysates it was found that two alternative states of the chromosomal apparatus of eukaryotic cells exist, one of them being characteristic of resting cells (relaxed form), while another of growing cells (stabilized form). This finding evidences for the real occurrence of a special state of cellular quiescence, G0. DNA in form beta is much more tightly associated with proteins than DNA alpha. Upon cellular transitions from resting to growing state and vice versa the coupled rearrangements of chromosomal apparatus were observed, judging from corresponding chromatographic patterns. One state or another characterizes the chromosomal apparatus as a whole, rather than some of its subfractions. The tight DNA-protein interactions were observed in proliferating cells independent of the cell cycle phase. PMID- 7322120 TI - [Turnover of nuclear RNA. II. Conveyer model of synthesis and maturation of nuclear RNA as an alternative for a stochastic model]. AB - It is shown that the stochastic model of hnRNA decay is inconsistent with a number of experimental data. The model of ordered in time and space movement of nascent and post-transcriptional RNA molecules "on conveyer" coupled with certain processing steps is put forward. Since degradation of the pre-mRNA molecule proceeds not instantaneously but in several subsequent steps, the notion of the "exiton" is introduced. The exiton is proposed to be a submolecular metabolically indivisible fragment of RNA molecule which decays as a unit. From this point of view, a population of nuclear RNAs, as a whole, can be presented (and easily mathematically treated) as a community of exiton transporters of various life spans moving in parallel. The life-time spectrum of exitons in population of rat liver hnRNA was computed. The share of exitons with life-time from 41.5 to 42.5 min appeared to be most in the population. Exitons with life-times above 1 h and 2 h comprise approximately 50 and 20% of the total population, respectively. The consequences of the model proposed are discussed. PMID- 7322121 TI - [Study of complexes of poly-L-histidine with DNA using hyperchromic spectra]. AB - Complexes of DNA with poly-L-histidine in acidic media were investigated by the method of hyperchromic spectra. Making use of the least squares hyperchromic spectra were partitioned into the components corresponding to the melting of AT and GC base pairs and protonation of cytosine. The protonation of cytosine was found to be proportional to the fraction of broken GC base pairs and was not influenced by the presence of poly-L-histidine. Selectivity of poly-L-histidine towards the base pairs was found to be very weak or absent. PMID- 7322122 TI - [The mechanism of binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate by lysozyme]. AB - It has been shown that the mechanism of complex formation changes at variation of the detergent concentration. At low concentrations the complex is stabilized, mainly, by hydrophobic interactions. The boded molecules are immobilized inside the globules. At concentrations close to critical micellization concentration only some of the molecules take part in such strong binding, while the rest form weak bonds and may be removed by gel filtrations. Presumably in this case electrostatic interactions dominate in binding processes. At concentrations exceeding critical micellization concentration complex formation is controlled by electrostatic association of protein with aggregates of the detergent's molecules, stabilized, like micelles by hydrophobic forces. The complex is unstable. PMID- 7322123 TI - [Analysis of structural divergence of H1N1 serotype influenza virus individual genes]. AB - A comparative structural analysis of H1N1 influenza virus isolated in 1977 (the A/USSR/90/77 strain) and H1N1 isolates of 1947 (the A/FM/1/47 strain) and 1950 (the A/FW/1/50 strain) have been carried out by oligonucleotide mapping of individual viral RNA segments. Seven of eight genes of A/USSR/90/77 strain have a high degree of homology with corresponding genes of A/FW/1/50 strain, especially the genes coding the NP and P2 proteins. At the same time the gene coding matrix (M) protein has higher structural similarity to the corresponding gene of A/FM/1/47 strain. Based on the results presented one may conclude that the A/USSR/90/77 epidemic strain is a recombinant virus. PMID- 7322124 TI - [Kinetics of the reactions joining DNA fragments, catalyzed by DNA-ligase. II. Heterogeneous mixture of fragments. Optimization of the reaction conditions]. AB - The system of kinetic equations was proposed describing the joining of heterogeneous DNA fragments by DNA-ligase. The DNA fragments were considered as flexible rods and characterized only by molecular weights and concentrations. The program for calculating the concentrations of all circular and linear DNA forms is described. The program has been written in FORTRAN IV and calculations were made with EC 10--10. For the maximal yield of the multimeric circular DNA molecules it is recommended to begin the ligation at a high DNA concentration and then after a certain fixed time to dilute the reaction mixture. The optimum time intervals and ratios of fragment concentrations were calculated. The yield of different ligation products has been determined. The calculations of optimum reaction conditions were carried out for the construction of hybrid molecules containing DNA fragments with or without selective genetic markers. PMID- 7322127 TI - Multicentre trials. PMID- 7322125 TI - [Phase transitions, lipid-lipid interactions and their role in some biostructures]. AB - The phase states and phase transitions of some lipids, lipid mixtures of blood and tissues of some animals and human were examined by the method of scanning calorimetry (DSC-2, "Perkin--Elmer"). It was determined that in monohydrated and in hydrated systems, cholesterol produces a liquefying effect on the total phospholipids of the brain and blood. In complex multicomponent lipid systems changes of the phase states and of temperatures of the phase transitions of some lipids were discovered. The role of these phase transitions and miscibility of lipids for functioning of the cellular membranes and of the key-enzymes in the process of changes of lipoproteins of the blood (LCAT) is being discussed, as well as the connection of the phase transitions of cholesterol esters of the blood with atherosclerosis. PMID- 7322126 TI - [Transcription of influenza virus genome. Location and dependence on the nuclear primer function]. AB - The synthesis of the complete and incomplete transcripts (the templates in genome replication and mRNA, respectively) of influenza A WSN virus in chicken fibroblasts was analyzed by gel electrophoresis analysis of the duplexes formed between virion RNA and complementary RNA. Three steps in the transcription could be defined: 1) primary transcription when similar amounts of mRNA of all the genes are accumulated; 2) early secondary transcription when mRNA of NS gene is synthesized in larger amounts than that of other genes and 3) late secondary transcription when the amplification of transcription from all the genes is performed. The synthesis of complete transcripts starts during or after primary transcription. When actinomycin D was added to infected cells, the synthesis of incomplete transcripts was inhibited to a larger degree then that of complete transcripts. Most of incomplete transcripts was observed within the cell nucleic while the complete transcripts were found in the nuclei and cytoplasm, suggesting that the synthesis of incomplete transcripts is located in the nuclei. alpha Amanitin blocked the synthesis of incomplete transcripts without interfering with that of complete transcripts. These data suggest that the synthesis of complete transcripts does not require the synthesis of cell mRNA as primers in transcription. PMID- 7322128 TI - Aims and implementation of multicentre studies. PMID- 7322129 TI - Drug monitoring in psychiatry. PMID- 7322130 TI - Cultural factors in the organization of multicentre trials. PMID- 7322131 TI - Methodological and practical aspects of a multicentre study of reliability of psychopathological assessment. PMID- 7322132 TI - The role of communication in multicentre trials. PMID- 7322133 TI - Collaborative studies with psychiatric practitioners. PMID- 7322134 TI - Experience of organizing collaboration of general practitioners in psychiatric studies in a specific catchment area. PMID- 7322135 TI - WHO-coordinated collaborative studies in the effects of psychopharmacological drugs in different populations. PMID- 7322136 TI - Multicenter clinical trials: methodological aspects. PMID- 7322137 TI - Comments on multicenter trials of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7322139 TI - [Chest physiotherapy in childhood respiratory disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of chest physiotherapy in the treatment of pediatric pulmonary disorders was evaluated for one year by means of a specially devised progress chart. A high percentage of atelectases was successfully reopened. The right upper lobe was most frequently involved, followed by the left upper, right lower and left lower lobe. The incidence of postextubation atelectasis in neonates with hyaline membrane disease was significantly lower when chest physiotherapy was commenced before extubation. The value of chest physiotherapy in chronic respiratory disorders remains uncertain, whereas it does constitute an essential part of therapy in acute conditions. PMID- 7322138 TI - [Effect of body weight reduction on platelet function and serum lipoproteins in obese children (author's transl)]. AB - In 11 obese children aged 11,9 +/- 1,3 years total cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were estimated in serum after 3 weeks of hypocaloric diet (800 kcal, kJ). In vitro platelet function was evaluated using the tests of ADP-induced aggregation and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin. The in vivo platelet activity was judged by estimating plasma levels of beta-thromboglobuline (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). A mean weight loss of 5,7 +/- 1,8 kg was observed. Before diet, serum-C, TG and lipoprotein-C concentrations were found to be within the so called "normal range". After three weeks of diet we observed a significant decrease of total-C, which could be accounted for by a decline in the atherogenic LDL-C; furthermore Apo B levels significantly decreased. Concerning the tests of platelet function only for beta-TG and PF 4 a marked decline (to about 50% of the initial values) could be seen. These preliminary results and changes in the lipoprotein are discussed in connection with a possible reduction of the risk for the development of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 7322140 TI - [Therapy of large postpneumonic tension cavities (pneumatoceles) (author's transl)]. AB - A postpneumonic tension cavity (pneumatocele) is defined as subpleurally trapped air originating from interstitial emphysema following necrobiotic changes of lung tissue. We recommend for the treatment of large pneumatoceles intercostal drainage and continuous suctioning for several days to avoid tension pneumothorax and development of persistent fibrous pseudocysts. PMID- 7322141 TI - [Chemoluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in neonates with bacterial infections (author's transl)]. AB - Chemoluminescence (CL) measurement of phagocytozing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is used to determine the activity of intracellular O2-dependent bactericidal capacity. PMN in the cordblood of healthy neonates compared to those of healthy adults is significantly decreased but kinectically normal. Phagocytozing PMN of infected neonates produce CL in a distinctly lower degree than those from the cordblood of healthy neonates. This pronounced depression of CL is a temporary event during bacterial infections, the CL reaction is also retarded. On the contrary phagocytozing PMN of older children and adults show an increase of CL production during bacterial infections. The described pattern of the oxidative metabolism reacting to bacterial infections on the neonatal period shows a reduced bactericidal capacity of these cells due to bacterial infections. Probably this pattern is one cause of increased letality and morbidity observed in bacterial infections of the newborn. PMID- 7322142 TI - [About the incidence of chronic airway diseases in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the experiences with 1,500 infants and children, hospitalized during a five-year period, who had undergone clinical, routine laboratory, immunological bacteriological, allergological, X-ray, oto-rhino-laryngological, spirometrical and bronchological examinations performed by unchanging teams using the same methods and instruments, it was found that the cause of respiratory diseases in a comparatively high number of patients were developmental anomalies, that it is important to look for tracheal stenoses, that there is chronic bronchitis in infants and children, that sinusitis maxillaris or shortage of immunoglobulins are relatively rare, and that selective bacteriological cultures are not very often positive. These results emphasize the importance of carefully differentiating between the various forms of respiratory diseases in infants and children. PMID- 7322143 TI - [Abetalipoproteinemia (author's transl)]. AB - A 21/2-years-old Greek girl with marked failure to thrive and steatorrhea diagnoses to suffer from abetalipoproteinemia by the dissecting microscope appearance of a white intestinal mucosa. This specific finding is due to storage of lipids in the enterocytes. Another typical finding is the acanthocytosis in blood smears. Serum lipids were studied in detail in the patient and her relatives; there was a marked reduction of the low and very low density lipoproteins in the patient only (LDL/VLDL). The most characteristic finding is the lack of apolipoprotein B. PMID- 7322144 TI - Value of experimental epilepsy models for clinical research. PMID- 7322145 TI - Didepil for the treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 7322146 TI - Antiepileptic and side effects of didepil. PMID- 7322147 TI - Cefazolin: a valid model of experimental epilepsy? AB - In various animal species (chicks, rats and rabbits) the intravenous injection of high doses of cefazolin, a cephalosporin not hitherto reported to produce epileptic seizures, was found to produce epileptiform electrocortrical changes similar to those evoked by intravenous benzylpenicillin. Similar phenomena as those reported after systemic injection were also observed after microinjection of cefazolin into the III cerebral ventricle. In fact, both in chicks and rats cefazolin given by the latter route produced wild running crisis, myoclonic jerks of the limbs and in some instances generalized clonic convulsions. Concomitantly, bilateral electrocortical high voltage bursts of spikes were observed, followed during the intercritic period by periodic bilateral or unilateral single spikes. PMID- 7322148 TI - The effects of succinyl-GABA-derivatives on experimental seizures. PMID- 7322149 TI - Preliminary pharmacological investigations of N-amino-diphenyl-hydantoin, a new hydantoin derivative with prolonged action. PMID- 7322150 TI - Drug monitoring in anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 7322151 TI - Drug level monitoring: the importance of quality control. PMID- 7322152 TI - Antiepileptic drug therapy and plasma levels in 2500 patients from Northern Italy. AB - The antiepileptic drug therapy of 1912 patients coming from various neurological clinics of Northern Italy has been evaluated in a collaborative survey. The following epidemiological data have been analysed: incidence of the various seizures types, according to the International Classification (Gastaut, 1969), in relation to the age; drug choice and therapeutic schedules in relation to the seizure type and to the age; number of drugs administered in various age and seizure groups; side effects in relation to type, number and plasma concentrations of the administered drugs. The analysis of the drug plasma level determinations, carried out either with gas-chromatographic methods or with the EMIT system, was effected in order to evaluate the number of patients who were under, in or over the suggested therapeutic ranges, the influence of age on drug disposition and the modifications of the drug plasma levels due to drug interactions. PMID- 7322153 TI - Plasma level analysis of some antiepileptic drugs in 180 patients. PMID- 7322154 TI - Aminopyridine--induced seizure activity. PMID- 7322155 TI - Distribution of antiepileptic drugs between plasma, plasma water, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and brain. AB - The following conclusions can be drawn from our results. The concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid correspond to the concentrations of the unbound part and saliva at a high lipid solubility. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain were interpreted as a uniform compartment. The unbound concentrations of low lipid soluble drugs in plasma do not reflect the concentrations of drugs in cerebrospinal fluid. The correlation between the unbound drug in plasma, CSF and brain must be determined. The concentrations of lipid soluble drugs in plasma, water or saliva is representative for the concentration of antiepileptic drugs in central nervous system. PMID- 7322156 TI - Brain levels of antiepileptic drugs in man. PMID- 7322157 TI - The relationship between the serum levels of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin and clinical data in patients with drug resistant epilepsy. PMID- 7322158 TI - Possible drug interaction in chronic treatment of epileptic patients: serum level studies. PMID- 7322159 TI - Antiepileptic drug levels and side effects in man. AB - It was found in 22 hospitalized epileptic patients taking DPH, primidone, and phenobarbital as a combined therapy that the number of side effects per patient could be correlated only with the serum levels of DPH. In the case of clinial manifestation of side effects it might be concluded that the dosage of DPH should be reduced. One of our patients was treated in this manner resulting in a reduction of the side effects, whereas the frequency of seizures increased. But we succeeded in reducing this frequency by phenobarbital and side effects completely disappeared. If there are any side effects, then, according to our results, it seems to be better to add phenobarbital in order to decrease the DPH serum level instead of reducing DPH dosage. It is, however, known that by phenobarbital the DPH level in patients need not necessarily decrease. PMID- 7322160 TI - Living with epilepsy: medical and social considerations. PMID- 7322161 TI - Analysis of cortical spread of acetylcholine (ACh)--induced epileptiform discharges. PMID- 7322162 TI - Secondary psychic disturbances in epilepsy. PMID- 7322164 TI - Epilepsy and swimming. PMID- 7322163 TI - Neuropsychological performances in patients treated with different antiepileptic drugs. AB - Twenty-six patients, suffering from various forms of epilepsy (2 with simple partial, 14 with complex partial, and 10 with generalized seizures) and treated with different drugs (10 with DPH, 10 with PB, and 6 with CBZ), underwent neuropsychological tests in order to evaluate: 1) Vigilance; 2) attention; 3) motor, sensory and adaptive (visuomotor) performances; 4) memory span, short-term and long-term memory, considering verbal as well as spatial aspects. The battery of tests was administered prior to treatment and when the drug plasmatic levels were within the ranges considered therapeutic. The results show that in the case of DPH there is an improvement of vigilance and adaptive performances but a worsening of attention and memory functions. With PB, only motor and adaptive performances improve; all other functions worsen. Finally, with CBZ, vigilance, attention, sensory performances and memory functions are unmodified while only motor and adaptive performances appear to improve. PMID- 7322165 TI - Results of follow-up after one convulsive seizure in adults. A prospective study of 32 patients. PMID- 7322167 TI - Rehabilitation in epilepsy. A follow-up study. PMID- 7322166 TI - A follow-up study of 880 adult ambulatory epileptics. PMID- 7322169 TI - Aicardi's syndrome: clinical and electroencephalographic observations on two cases. PMID- 7322168 TI - Epilepsy and complication after craniocerebral traumas. AB - Three hundred and seventy-two patients aged from 24-80 years were examined 10-15 years after past craniocerebral trauma. Of that number 355 subjects had concussion and 17 subjects brain contusion. Posttraumatic epilepsy was diagnosed by 8 cases (2.15%) only. It affected 4 females, aged from 40-60 years, and 3 males aged 30-48 years after the brain concussion, as well as 1 man, 30 years old, after the brain contusion. That first epileptic attack in 4 cases occurred after the lapse of 1-2 years, in 3 persons after the lapse of 6-10 months, and 1 patient having had brain contusion after 4 months. All posttraumatic patients were treated prophylactically with phenobarbital 0.1 twice a day for a period of several weeks. PMID- 7322170 TI - Ambulatory EEG monitoring with a 24 hour cassette recorder in epileptic patients. PMID- 7322171 TI - On the problem of nonepileptic drop attacks. PMID- 7322172 TI - Effects of intraventricular gamma-acetylenic-GABA on GABA concentrations, GABA-T and GAD in several areas of the chick brain. AB - The great interest in new compounds able to increase GABA concentration in the brain as potential antiepileptic drugs has led to the synthesis of powerful inhibitors of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) e.g. gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG) and gamma-vinyl-GABA. Present experiments were aimed to study behavioral, electrocortical and biochemical effects of GAG after its intraventricular injection. It has been shown that in chicks the microinjection of GAG into the third cerebral ventricle produced a biphasic behavioral and electrocortical syndrome : an initial phase of behavioral and electrocortical sleep followed by a paradoxycal increase in motor activity and a very intense behavioral and ECoG arousal pattern. In addition intraventricular GAG (0.8 mumol) produced a significant increase 1 and 2 h later in GABA concentration in the diencephalon and brain-stem whereas no changes occurred in other brain areas e.g. cerebral hemispheres, optic lobes. Higher doses (1.6 mumol), produced after 1 h, concomitantly to the increased GABA concentration, a significant GABA-T inhibition and a profound inhibition of glutamate-decarboxylase in the diencephalon and brain-stem. Present experiments may explain the paradoxical behavioral, motor and electrocortical stimulation observed at the time of GABA increase concentration and suggest that a small functional neuronal pool of GABA, more than the whole absolute levels of GABA in a given area of the brain, seems to be involved in the control of GABAergic mediated inhibitory mechanisms. PMID- 7322173 TI - Effect of cerebellar stimulation of hippocampal epileptic discharges in kindling preparation. AB - The inhibitory effect of cerebellar cortex (Cb) and dentate nucleus (DN) electrical stimulation were studied on 7 cats. After kindling in right hippocampus or in right somato-sensory motor cortex the both Cb and left DN were stimulated monopolarly or bipolarly in each cat. The stimulation was 1 sec train of impulses of 1 ms duration and 60 Hz. The current intensity was 0.3-1.7 mA, 10 12 stimulations were performed in each animal in each structure and the results of stimulations were averaged. The following indices of the stimulation effect were taken into consideration: 1) Number of epileptic spontaneous discharges during 2 min of EEG records before and after stimulation. 2) sum of the epileptic discharges within the periods, 3) time between spontaneous epileptic discharges, 4) time to first paroxysmal discharge after electrical stimulation of the Cb or DN. Results showed prolonged time to the first spontaneous epileptic discharge after stimulation of both structures, thus, indicating statistically significant inhibitory effect of stimulation. The other indices showed no statistically significant inhibitory effects. PMID- 7322174 TI - Neurometric evaluation of epileptic children who do well and poorly in school. PMID- 7322175 TI - Neurometric assessment in temporal epilepsy. PMID- 7322176 TI - Spectral analysis of the interictal EEG activity with Berg-Fourier analyzer in kindled cats. PMID- 7322177 TI - Principles of anticonvulsant therapy in childhood epilepsies. PMID- 7322178 TI - [Electron microscopy of colonic polyps. I. Comparative study of epithelial cells from adenomatous and adenopapillary polyps]. AB - Ultrastructural characteristics of premalignant epithelial dysplasia were studied electronmicroscopically by comparing epithelial cells of adenomatous- and adenopapillary polyps. In adenomatous polyps the rate of absorptive and goblet cells, their electron microscopic appearance did not differ from those of the normal colonic mucosa. In dysplastic areas of adenopapillary polyps severe proliferation of undifferentiated epithelial cells and disturbance of the maturation of absorptive and goblet cells was found. Severe damage to the cell membrane, atypical vacuola and dense bodies in the apical areas of absorptive cells were also seen. An abundance of Leuchtenberger's inclusion bodies as an important sign of the malignant transformation have occurred. PMID- 7322179 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the aorta following damage to the transport through the vessel wall]. AB - Be the ligature of lymphatic vessels lymphostasis has been produced and the consequences of it in the myocardium were studied. Lymphatics of the myocardium in lymphostasis were compared with those in the normal one. It was found that the space between lymphatics and myocardial fibers filled mainly with connective tissue due to accumulation of oedema fluid enlarges and the collagen fibers disintegrate. At the same time accumulation of fluid and dilatation of lymphatics takes also place. Pinocytotic activity of endothelial cells increases. Due to oedema vacuolization of myocardial cells occurs. Disturbance of the capillary circulation leads to swelling of endothelial cells and narrowing the capillary lumen. This lies on the basis of hypoxia and fatty degeneration of the myocardium. The coronary vessels have also shown alterations. In the subendothelial space accumulation of plasma constituents, in the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall oedema was found. Thus, lymphostasis in the myocardium results in significant alterations. PMID- 7322180 TI - [Mechanism of the development of lymphogenic cardiomyopathy as revealed by electron microscopy]. AB - Lymphostasis in the aortic wall has been produced experimentally. It has been proved that the disturbance of the lymph circulation results in changes of the aortic wall e.g. oedematic transformation of muscle cells, demarcation of parts of them, formation of ghost bodies and eventually total necrosis of muscle cells. The necrosis of muscle cells usually is followed by proliferation and development of sclerosis. PMID- 7322181 TI - [Pathological re-evaluation of cases of chronic lymphoid leukemia]. AB - Lymph nodes of 46 autopsy cases regarded clinically on the basis of bone marrow and blood film findings as chronic lymphoid leukaemia were reinvestigated. Considering the new reclassification of malignant lymphomas only 38 per cent of the cases have shown histologic pattern of chronic lymphoid leukaemia. 28 per cent out of the remaining 62 proved to be lymphoplasmocytic immunocytoma, 10 per cent centroblastic-centrolytic ML and 8 per cent centrocytic ML. PMID- 7322182 TI - [Morphologic observations in liver damage in patients taking Depressan (dihydralazinum sulfuricum)]. AB - Authors studied a 56 year old male and a 47 year old female patient having taken an antihypertonic drug for two and a half month and one year respectively observed acute HBsAg-negative liver disease. In the needle biopsy specimen obtained on the 8th day (at the male patient) and on the 10th day (at the female) of the onset of jaundice severe centrilobular liver cell necrosis was found, which in the first case was accompanied by "bridging" necrosis. In the necrosis free areas hydropic and fatty degeneration of different degree and also cholestasis occurred. The mild local and portobiliar inflammatory reaction consisted of mononuclear cells, neutrophil- and eosinophil granulocytes. Pathogenetic role of the drug has been proved by a provocation test. Authors call attention to the fact, that Depressan represents another drug, being in use in this country, which causes centrilobular liver cell necrosis. PMID- 7322183 TI - [Analysis of histochemical changes caused by acute Wofatox poisoning in a model experiment]. AB - Effect of Wofatox on the central nervous system, striated muscles and on the myocardium of rats has been studied by the aid of light- and electron microscopic histochemistry. A single intraperitoneal injection of LD50 of Wofatox resulted in a total inhibition of the activity of histochemically demonstrable acetyl cholinesterase in the central nervous system. Each striated muscle fiber has shown different sensitivity to the inhibitor, but enzyme activity of end motor plates could not be totally inhibited. In lethal acute intoxication ultrastructural changes of the myocardiuim have shown characteristic features of cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7322184 TI - [The use of the XAD-2 and XAD-4 isolation technics in toxicologic studies]. AB - The aim of investigations reported was to compare analytic values obtained by XAD 2 and XAD-4 technique of isolation and by the method of extraction. Fifteen different drugs added to normal blood specimens and blood obtained from intoxication cases were examined. Results indicate that the XAD column technique provides more reliable values than the method of extraction by solvents, which in addition are very expensive. Between analytic values obtained by XAD-2 and XAD-3 columns no significant difference could be revealed. PMID- 7322185 TI - Glycosyl transferase activities are associated with the surface membrane in adult Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Incubation of live adult Schistosoma mansoni in a variety of media released tegumental material containing membrane bound alkaline phosphatase, mannosyl transferase and galactosyl transferase activities. Centrifugation of the tegumental material released by incubation of worms in phosphate-buffered saline in sucrose density gradients yielded a pellet and four fractions, two of which consisted mainly of surface membranes. The distribution of the enzymes in the gradient, espeically in the two surface membrane-containing subfractions was similar. Application of the "digitonin shift" technique showed that the membranes containing the enzyme reactivities were moved to an equal extent into a denser part of the sucrose gradient. Thus the enzymes are located on the same or similar cholesterol-containing membranes. It is concluded that the transferases, like the alkaline phosphatases, are located in the surface membranes of S. mansoni and the consequences of this location for the host-parasite interaction are discussed. PMID- 7322186 TI - Respiration of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes and promastigotes. AB - Promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana recently derived from amastigotes by transformation in vitro respired at a rate (17 nmol O2/min per 10(8) parasites) 4-5 times higher than that of amastigotes, but when the difference in cell protein content between the two preparations was taken into account the rates were not significantly different (32 nmol O2/min per mg protein). The respiration of both amastigotes and promastigotes was sensitive to cyanide, azide, antimycin A, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide and high concentrations of amytal, but insensitive to rotenone and salicyl-hydroxamic acid, indicating that the two developmental forms possess a similar cytochrome-containing respiratory chain. D-Glucose and non-esterified fatty acids stimulated promastigote respiration and amastigote transformation to promastigotes in vitro; possibly these substances are important exogenous energy substrates for both forms of the parasites. Amino acids (incuding L-proline) and proteins did not appear to be used as energy substrates. The respiration rate of promastigotes was found to rise significantly upon continued sub-culture in vitro; at the same time cell size and protein content increased. PMID- 7322187 TI - Inhibition of NADP-linked malic enzyme from Onchocerca volvulus and Dirofilaria immitis by suramin. AB - NADP-linked malic enzyme (malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) NADP+, EC 1.1.1.40) has been partially purified from adult Onchocerca volvulus and Dirofilaria immitis. Suramin was found to inhibit the activity of malic enzyme from both filarial worms. The inhibition constants for suramin were calculated to be 0.011 microM and 0.015 microM for the enzymes from O. volvulus and D. immitis, respectively. In the case of NADP-linked malic enzyme from Trypanosoma brucei and chicken liver the inhibition by suramin was less pronounced. The inhibition constants were found to be 0.8 microM and 2.5 microM for the protozoan and vertebrate enzymes, respectively. The type of inhibition was competitive with respect to malate. The Michaelis constants for malate and pyruvate were determined to be 0.9 and 4.5 mM for O. volvulus and 0.85 and 5.0 mM for D. immitis, respectively. The low Km values for malate compared to those for pyruvate and the about 15-fold greater turnover in the direction of decarboxylation compared to carboxylation indicated that malic enzyme from both filarial sources might be involved in an alternative pathway leading from phosphoenolpyruvate via oxaleacetate, malate and pyruvate to lactate. It is suggested, that the inhibition of malic enzyme activity from O. volvulus by suramin might interfere with the generation of NADPH for biosynthetic reactions. PMID- 7322188 TI - Leishmania donovani-macrophage binding mediated by surface glycoproteins/antigens: characterization in vitro by a radioisotopic assay. AB - A radioisotopic assay was developed to quantitate the binding of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to hamster peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The binding was temperature dependent and required no serum factors. Binding was reduced by preloading macrophages with zymosan granules or unlabeled promastigotes, but not with latex leads or opsonized erythrocytes. Binding was reduced by 10 mM EGTA that was reversible by the addition at an equimolar concentration of calcium, but not magnesium ions. Sialic acid, D-glucose, D-mannose and their derivatives reduced the binding, whereas L-fucose, D-galactose and their related sugars did not. Pretreatment of promastigotes with neuraminidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-N acetylglucosaminidase or beta-glucosidase reduced their binding to macrophages. Prior trypsinization of either macrophages or promastigotes also substantially reduced the binding. At 4 degrees C, prior opsonization of promastigotes with subagglutination titers of antiserum doubled the level of binding but in combination with Protein A reduced it to 50% of its normal binding level. Prior opsonization of macrophages decreased their binding to promastigotes significantly at 4 or 37 degrees C. The results indicate that binding of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to hamster peritoneal macrophages is a ligand receptor interaction involving their antigenic surface membrane proteins. The binding ligands of the parasites appear to have at least sialol, glucosyl, mannosyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl terminal residues as binding determinants. Thus, receptor-mediated endocytosis, defined in a broader sense, appears to be the mechanism by which leishmanias gain entry into macrophages. PMID- 7322189 TI - Changes in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis following treatment with benzimidazoles in vivo. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) activities of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were measured following treatment of the hosts with oxfendazole and mebendazole. Drug treatment of N. Brasiliensis caused large, sustained increases in enzyme activity in male and female worms which coincided with the expulsion of the nematodes from the small intestine of the host. It is suggested that the increases in acetylcholinesterase activity may be due to an inhibition by the benzimidazole carbamates of the secretion of enzyme to the exterior of the worms which, in turn, leads to expulsion through failure of the so-called "chemical holdfast". PMID- 7322190 TI - Some kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase from Trypanosoma brucei: influence of pH and fructose-1,6-diphosphate. AB - The influence of pH on the activity of purified pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) from Trypanosoma brucei has been studied. The Km for the coenzyme ADP is pH-dependent and shows the involvement of a dissociable group on the free enzyme with a pKa of 6.5-6.7. The cooperative interaction of the multiple phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) binding sites is independent of pH in the range of 5.7-7.8. Variation of the Vmax value with pH indicates the presence of a dissociated group (pKa 6.2-6.3) and of an undissociated group (pKa 7.5-7.6) in the enzyme-substrate complex. A doubly dissociated phosphate group on PEP is shown to be essential by the effects of pH on the S0.5 value for this substrate, as is an undissociated enzyme group with a pKa in the range 6.7-7.0. It is shown that PEP and frucotse-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) act entirely in conjunction in allosterically activating the enzyme, FDP, the heterotropic effector, decreases the interaction between PEP binding sites at low concentration, and decreases the S0.5 value for PEP at higher concentration. A model for the interaction of the enzyme with its substrates is discussed. PMID- 7322191 TI - [A simple and rapid method for microculture and identification of fungi]. PMID- 7322192 TI - The effect of amphotericin B on the ultrastructure of Prototheca species. AB - Prototheca zopfii and prototheca wickerhamii stains were exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of the antimycotic amphotericin B, and the effect of the treatment on their ultrastructure was assessed. The results revealed ultrastructural changes in the treated cells, expressed by swelling of mitochondria, degradation of cell organelles, accumulation of microbody like structures, lipid droplets and starch granules in the cytoplasm, and changes in the inner layer of the cell wall. PMID- 7322193 TI - [Experimental dermatomycosis, a clinico-pathological study]. AB - Using rabbits, we have studied the effect of reinfection of T. mentagrophytes var granulosum and T. rubrum into lesions that were previously infected and resolved. Clinical mycological and histopathological studies were done for 16 weeks. Timentagrophytes produced a more severe infection than T. rubrum. The clinical lesions produced by reinoculation were less intense and long lasting. PMID- 7322194 TI - Studies on organ specificity in experimental murine cryptococcosis. PMID- 7322195 TI - The influence of hyper- and hypothyroid states on the incidence of 3 methylcholanthrene-induced tumor in DDY mice. PMID- 7322196 TI - Biosynthesis of various steroids in vitro by isolated adrenal cells in primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, and adrenogenital syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma. PMID- 7322197 TI - Error analysis for measurement of tissue elastic constant and its practical application. PMID- 7322198 TI - The elastic constant of tissue in the body estimated from computerized tomography and ultrasonography--theoretical analysis. PMID- 7322199 TI - Lymphokines on the move. PMID- 7322200 TI - Calcium and calmodulin in Kyoto. PMID- 7322201 TI - Environmental nitrosamines and cancer. PMID- 7322202 TI - Movement in membranes. PMID- 7322203 TI - Membrane asymmetry in epithelia: is the tight junction a barrier to diffusion in the plasma membrane? PMID- 7322204 TI - Free Ca2+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation. PMID- 7322205 TI - Vertical organization of neurones accumulating 3H-GABA in visual cortex of rhesus monkey. PMID- 7322206 TI - [Circannual rhythms in animals and their photoperiodic synchronization]. AB - During the last years, evidence has been accumulated indicating that the annual cycles of physiological and behavioral functions in animals are often preprogrammed as endogenous circannual rhythms. Under seasonally constant environmental conditions these rhythms persist for several cycles with periods deviating from year, whereas under natural conditions they are usually synchronized by seasonal changes in the environment, particularly that of photoperiod. Hence, the annual rhythm of photoperiod constitutes a Zeitgeber for the endogenous rhythmicity rather than providing causal stimuli that release particular activities at particular times of the year. On the basis of this new concept several peculiarities of annual biological rhythms under the influence of photoperiodic cycles with different properties can be better understood, at least at a formal level. PMID- 7322207 TI - Evolution and longevity-assurance processes. AB - The role of the development of information fidelity systems in evolution is explored, with evidence that the loss in the ability to maintain the integrity of homeostasis in organisms over time, aging, is correlated with the loss in the ability to maintain integrity at the molecular biological level. Evolutionary comparative analysis places an upper limit on the number of these systems important to the evolution of longevity in the primates, and suggests the importance of insuring the stability of information bearing macromolecules in evolution and the role of modulators of damage to these moieties in the expression of the senescent state. PMID- 7322208 TI - Evidence of photon emission from DNA in living systems. PMID- 7322209 TI - Unspecific interaction between granulosis virus and mammalian immunoglobulins. PMID- 7322210 TI - Electric-field-stimulated fusion: increased field stability of cells induced by pronase. PMID- 7322211 TI - Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline in guinea-pig atria. AB - The outflow of noradrenaline, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylglycol (DOPEG) and 3, 4 dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) from guinea-pig isolated atria was studied by chromatography on alumina followed by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the absence of drugs, the outflow of endogenous noradrenaline over a period of 3 h averaged 1.6 pmol x g-1 x min-1 and the outflow of DOPEG 17 pmol x g-1 x min-1. The outflow of DOMA was below the detection limit (less than 0.31 pmol x g-1 x min-1). Tyramine greatly increased the outflow of noradrenaline and DOPEG, and the reserpine-like compound Ro4-1284 selectively increased the outflow of DOPEG; DOMA remained below the detection limit. When atria were exposed to (-) noradrenaline 1.7 or 17 microM, the subsequent outflow of noradrenaline and DOPEG was enhanced. Moreover, substantial amounts of DOMA were now found. This outflow of DOMA was prevented when atria were exposed to (-) noradrenaline in the presence of cocaine or after an initial incubation with amezinium. Exposure to (-)-noradrenaline 1.7 microM mainly enhanced the formation of DOPEG, while exposure to (+)-noradrenaline 1.7 microM mainly enhanced the formation of DOMA. Our experiments confirm some and qualify other conclusions drawn from studies in which exogenous 3H-noradrenaline had been used to examine the metabolism of noradrenaline in guinea-pig atria. In agreement with the isotope studies, DOPEG is a major metabolite of endogenous noradrenaline. In contrast to what the isotope studies had suggested, however, endogenous DOMA is a very minor product, at least as long as the neurones are at rest. DOMA is only formed when the tissue is exposed to high concentrations of exogenous noradrenaline. In further contrast to previous conclusions, DOMA is then formed intra- and not extraneuronally. PMID- 7322212 TI - Cerebral pharmacokinetics of imipramine in rats after single and multiple dosages. AB - Pharmacokinetics of imipramine (IMI) and its active metabolite, desipramine (DMI) was studied in rats after administration of a single dose of 10 mg/kg IMI, or after chronic administration of this dose once or twice a day for 14 days. The elimination curves of IMI and DMI from the blood and brain show that both the whole body and the brain behave as multi-compartment systems. Maximum concentrations of IMI and DMI in blood and brain appear at the same time, indicating rapid metabolism of IMI: the concentrations were significantly higher in the brain than in the blood. After the chronic treatment the maximum blood and cerebral levels of IMI and DMI were not much higher than after a single dose, but the elimination was slowed down. Brain concentration of IMI and DMI and brain IMI/DMI concentration ratio do not parallel those in the blood. After a prolonged treatment, once or twice a day, desipramine in the brain is present for the whole period between injections at concentrations sufficient to inhibit the noradrenaline uptake. If the drug is given twice a day, in addition to DMI also IMI is present for the whole time at concentration which may inhibit also serotonin uptake. PMID- 7322213 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy and (-)-propranolol on ethanol-induced decrease in plasma amino acids. AB - In previous studies we have demonstrated that an acute dose of ethanol cause an immediate decrease in most plasma amino acids in both man and rat. This effect of ethanol is partly inhibited by the beta-adrenergic antagonist (-)-propranolol, partly by adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy and almost completely by a combination of adrenalectomy with (-)-propranolol. This finding suggests an involvement of both beta-adrenergic mechanisms and steroids from the adrenal cortex in the ethanol-induced decrease in plasma amino acids. PMID- 7322214 TI - Acute negative inotropic effect of adriamycin (doxorubicin). AB - The muscle mechanical and haemodynamic effects of adriamycin were investigated in guinea pigs and rats by use of isolated myocardium (isometric contractions of papillary muscles of guinea pigs and rats) and in situ preparations (haemodynamic parameters in thoracotomized rats). 1. Adriamycin (10-6 to 10-3 M) produced a concentration-dependent negative inotropic effect in papillary muscles of 21 guinea pigs (decrease of T max and dT/dt max to 80% of control) and in papillary muscles of 15 rats (decrease of T max and dT/dt max to 25% of control for maximally effective concentrations). 2. The haemodynamic parameters left ventricular pressure (LVP), dLVP/dt max, arterial pressure and cardiac output of thoracotomized rats (N = 12) decreased dose-dependently following i.v. injections of adriamycin at doses of 2-30 mg/kg until a lethal haemodynamic shock occurred. 3. "Low-dose-effects" were reversible within min, whereas "high-dose-effects" were not up to an observation period of 1 h. 4. In the haemodynamic experiments, the ionized serum calcium fell excessively after adriamycin (from 2.1 mEq/l for controls to 0.5 mEq/l after doses of 25 mg/kg adriamycin). 5. An antagonistic interaction was seen between the cardio-depressant effect of adriamycin and the positive inotropic effect of calcium and vice versa. 6. It is concluded that the acute muscle mechanical and haemodynamic effects of adriamycin result from an interaction between adriamycin and calcium. PMID- 7322215 TI - 3H-Imipramine binding sites in the rat brain. Selective localization on serotoninergic neurones. PMID- 7322216 TI - GABA-ergic mechanisms in central respiratory control in the anesthetized rat. AB - Rats lightly anesthetized with halothane were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the GABA-like drugs muscimol, baclofen, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA). Respiratory frequency (f) was reduced after GABA (1 mg) but increased after baclofen (0.5 microgram), while muscimol (0.5 microgram) or GHBA (1 mg) did no affect f. However, GHBA administered repeatedly caused a dose-dependent increase in f. Tidal volume (VT) decreased in a dose-dependent fashion after i.c.v. administration of all the drugs used. Taken together, these changes in f and VT resulted mainly in a dose dependent decrease in minute volume (VE) after GABA and muscimol while after baclofen and GHBA VE was increased due to the marked stimulation of f after repeated administration. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased after GABA and muscimol while no effect or a slight increase was seen after baclofen and GHBA. Heart rate (HR) was unaltered after muscimol, decreased after gaba but slightly increased after GHBA and baclofen. No alterations were seen in blood gases except after administration of GABA which induced a slight hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis. The data indicate that an activation of GABA-ergic mechanisms results in a respiratory depression. Moreover, the effects of GABA and muscimol are probably due to a direct GABA-ergic receptor activation while the effects elicited by baclofen and GHBA are due to other mechanisms than direct GABA receptor activation or indirect effects via other system on respiratory regulating centers. PMID- 7322217 TI - Two types of abnormal automaticity in canine ventricular muscle fibers. AB - When ventricular muscle fibers from dog hearts were exposed to different [Ca2+]0 in K+-free solutions, two types of abnormal automaticity were observed. In the K+ free, Ca2+-free, solution, 9 out of 55 preparations developed spontaneous activity at a reduced membrane potential. The maximum diastolic potential was 47.4 +/- 7.68 mV (n = 9) with slow (less than 20 V/s) upstroke velocity of action potentials. The automaticity was based on membrane oscillations with increasing amplitude to become full-sized responses. It was suppressed after reduction of [Na+]0, by an increase in [Ca2+]0 above 3.6 mmol/l and by application of verapamil. In the K+-free, high-Ca2+, solutions (Ca2+ = 3.6-7.2 mmol/l), oscillatory afterpotentials (OAPs) were observed following the driven action potentials at normal membrane potentials in all 55 preparations. Once the OAPs became large enough to attain threshold, there was the appearance of triggered automaticity. The automaticity was induced by applying premature stimuli or manipulating [Ca2+]0. It was abolished by application of either verapamil or tetrodotoxin by decreasing the amplitude of the OAPs or the fast Na+ current, respectively, or both in combination. These results indicate that the ventricular muscle fibers can develop abnormal automaticity of two different mechanisms in some conditions, and can be a focus of ectopic impulse formation. PMID- 7322218 TI - Is ligandin relevant for the uptake and storage of phallotoxins in liver cells? AB - To exclude an involvement of ligandin in the uptake and storage of phalloidin in hepatocytes equilibrium-dialysis studies were made with phalloidin, cholic acid and bromosulfophthalein (BSP). Binding studies with isolated ligandin indicated that the affinity of ligandin for phalloidin is low (KD = 0.8 X 10-3 M). Phalloidin neither displaced BSP (KD = 1.3 X 10-7 M) or cholic acid (KD = 7.6 X 10-5 M) from ligandin, when preloaded with these substrates. Hepatocytes prepared from rats after daily treatment with phenobarbital during 5 days contained 3-4 fold concentrations of ligandin and bound greater amounts of BSP than controls, Nevertheless the velocity of the uptake both of [3H]-demethylphalloin ([3H]-DMP) and of [35S]-BSP was not augmented. Also the sensitivity of liver cells to phalloidin was not drastically modified after induction with phenobarbital and agrees with earlier findings in vivo. We conclude that ligandin plays a negligible role in the uptake and a minor role in a storage of phallotoxins in liver cells. PMID- 7322219 TI - [Swelling of the palate]. PMID- 7322220 TI - [Population screening for cervix carcinoma in the city of Rotterdam, 1st round]. PMID- 7322221 TI - [A patient with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 7322222 TI - [Knee symptoms]. PMID- 7322223 TI - [The inverse method for determination of percentage or probability]. PMID- 7322224 TI - [Residual symptoms in patients having had paralytic poliomyelitis in 1978]. PMID- 7322225 TI - [Application and dosage of aminophylline in suppositories]. PMID- 7322226 TI - [Obstetrical care]. PMID- 7322227 TI - [Can periconceptional vitamin supplementation prevent congenital neural tube defects?]. PMID- 7322228 TI - [The value of early screening of children with a hearing disorder]. PMID- 7322229 TI - [Eye injuries caused by fireworks]. PMID- 7322230 TI - [Various late-occurring side effects of cytostatic agents]. PMID- 7322231 TI - [Early screening for hearing disorders]. PMID- 7322232 TI - [The family practitioner and the hearing handicapped person]. PMID- 7322233 TI - [Registration of all clinical deliveries, the first step toward a nation-wide obstetrical registry]. PMID- 7322234 TI - [Prolapse and pessaries]. PMID- 7322235 TI - [Early detection of phenylketonuria in the Netherlands, 1977-1979. 2d report of the National Care Commission on Phenylketonuria]. PMID- 7322236 TI - [Residual symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis; a group of fellow sufferers helping each other cope]. PMID- 7322237 TI - [The benign superior vena cava syndrome]. PMID- 7322238 TI - [The frequency of open heart operations in the Netherlands, compared with the state in other countries]. PMID- 7322240 TI - [Foodborne infections and poisoning in the Netherlands 1977-1979]. PMID- 7322239 TI - [Agranulocytosis caused by cimetidine]. PMID- 7322241 TI - [The diagnostic value of nerve biopsy in polyneuropathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322242 TI - [Myopathology of chronic denervation processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322243 TI - [The relationship between malformations of extremities and segmental neurotomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322244 TI - [The combination of alcoholic neuropathy and myopathy: clinical, electromyographic and bioptic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322245 TI - [Demonstration of rapidly growing brain tumors by C.A.T. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322246 TI - Effect of plasmapheresis in active systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7322247 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture. PMID- 7322248 TI - A patient with the Caroli syndrome and multiple intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholesterol stones. PMID- 7322250 TI - Urate deposits in the renal medulla. Prevalence and associations. AB - Urate deposits within microtophi were found in 8% of unselected autopsies in Brisbane, Australia. Significant association were demonstrated with (a) a history of gouty arthritis and (b) the existence of nitrogen retention and renal disease of apparently primary, but not gouty, origin. However, in 26% of the patients, a retrospective survey of their medical records did not reveal any causative factor. The possible aetiological importance of the urine flow rate is stressed. The presence of medullary urate deposits at autopsy was most frequently associated with a history of gout or the presence of pre-existing and non-gouty renal disease, although no aetiological factor could be determined in a quarter of the cases. PMID- 7322249 TI - Studies in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7322251 TI - Hemodialysis-induced increase in serum lactoferrin and serum eosinophil cationic protein as signs of local neutrophil and eosinophil degranulation. AB - Transient reduction in circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and eosinophils were observed early in hemodialysis. About a threefold increase in serum lactoferrin occurred 2 h from the start of hemodialysis. Increments of the serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were observed as early as 1 h after initiation of hemodialysis, reaching maximum levels (about a fourfold increase from initial levels) 1 h later. When fresh blood was circulated through a dialyzer without having a patient in the circuit considerable increases of lactoferrin and ECP were also found. The intracellular contents of lactoferrin and ECP in granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood were unaffected throughout the dialysis period. Sera obtained at different times during dialysis induced no release of granular proteins from isolated granulocytes in vitro. The raised serum concentrations of lactoferrin and ECP during dialysis suggest that a local degranulation of neutrophils and eosinophils may take place probably in the dialyzer. PMID- 7322252 TI - Renal fluoride excretion: experimental evaluation of the role of extracellular volume status during intact and impaired kidney function. AB - The renal disease of inorganic fluoride was studied in 5/6-nephrectomized and kidney-intact rats in order to evaluate the influence of the extracellular fluid volume status on net tubular fluoride reabsorption. Loss of renal functional mass impaired the ability of the hydropenic uremic rat to excrete fluoride, although tubular reabsorption of fluoride was depressed. Fractional fluoride excretion was closely correlated to urinary flow rate in hydropenic rats; no influence of urinary pH from 5.80 to 6.18 could be demonstrated. Acute, moderate expansion of the extracellular fluid volume by isotonic saline was followed by a significant rise in fractional fluoride excretion in uremic as well as in control rats, indicating that extracellular fluid volume is an important physiological determinant of passive tubular fluoride reabsorption. PMID- 7322253 TI - Marked improvement of erythropoiesis in an anephric patient. PMID- 7322254 TI - Sarcoidosis and renal failure. PMID- 7322255 TI - [C.T. scan and traumatic intracranial haematoma without clinical signs (author's transl)]. AB - Patients having sustained head injuries were investigated by computerized axial tomography, a few hours after trauma. 24 conscious patients had large traumatic lesions: epidural haematoma, acute subdural haematoma and cerebral attrition. 12 had no focal sign and were well conscious or very slightly drowsy. 12 were slightly drowsy and/or had focal signs but these signs were very discrete in contrast with the huge lesions seen on the CT Scan. This seems to confirm that an epidural haematoma expands very early after the head injury, and, in any case, that it does exist during the free interval. From a practical view point, computerized tomography may greatly improve the treatment of patients who, other wise, would have been operated upon in comatose state. This study is not a prospective one, it does not lead to any statistical value. But it points out the usefulness of CT Scan after severe head injury especially of conscious patients, above all if there is a skull fracture. PMID- 7322256 TI - [Clinical pathological study of two cases of gliosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of frontal tumors in adult men with neuroradiological signs of malignant glial tumor. Histological study allowed to diagnose a mixed gliosarcomatosis tumor. Scannographical, histological and ultrastructural signs are specifically studied. PMID- 7322257 TI - [One case of atypical craniopharyngioma located in sphenoidal body and operated first by nasal then by maxillary sinus route (author's transl)]. AB - This case of retro-pharyngeal craniopharyngioma was treated through an unusual combination of approaches first by naso septal then by the maxillary sinus route of Denker. This last exposure provided wide access and permitted a complete removal of this difficult tumor. It is usually meant for cancer of upper maxillary bone structures. In this indication, it is evidently followed by a very bad cosmetic result, but this did not happen with our patient. PMID- 7322258 TI - [Lumbo-peritoneal CSF shunt (author's transl)]. AB - In a preliminary technical report, the authors describe a procedure for lumbo peritoneal shunt consisting of the percutaneous introduction of a sub-arachnoid proximal catheter. There would appear to be many advantages in the treatment of communicating hydrocephalus when compared with classical shunt methods taking the CSF from the ventricle. PMID- 7322259 TI - [Use of Doppler ultrasonic examination for per-operative checking of non surgical upper dorsal sympathectomy in the treatment of hyperhydrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Doppler ultrasonic examination has been used as an indirect means of per operative checking of sweat secretion after non surgical upper dorsal sympathectomy performed by percutaneous injection of hot saline into the upper dorsal sympathetic ganglions for the treatment of palmar hyperhydrosis. Their experience with pre, per and post-operative utilisation of Doppler effect in sixty cases has evidenced a full parallelism between the arterial vasodilation and the decrease in sweat secretion following the destruction of the sympathetic ganglions by hot saline. In the last series of thirty-five cases per-operative use of Doppler ultrasonic examination has spared them failures of the procedure. They consider Doppler ultrasonic examination as a precious help in classical open sympathectomy as well in their non surgical method. PMID- 7322260 TI - Properties of 16S acetylcholinesterase from rat motor nerve skeletal muscle. AB - Rat obturator nerve 16S acetylcholinesterase (16S AChE) was separated by sucrose gradient velocity sedimentation and compared to the 16S form of AChE similarly derived from endplate regions of anterior gracilis muscles. The 16S AChE from both tissues could only be extracted in high ionic strength buffer; as it aggregated under low ionic strength conditions. Treatment of nerve and muscle 16S AChE with purified collagenase, in the presence of calcium, caused an identical "shift" in the enzyme's sedimentation coefficient to 17.5S. Other properties which were also equivalent for 16S AChE from both tissue sources included: an excess substrate inhibition above 2 x 10(-3) M acetylcholine and Km of 1.6 x 10( 4) M, relative sensitivity to the specific inhibitors BW284C51 (I50 of 5 x 10(-8) M) and Iso-OMPA (I50 of 5 x 10(-4) M), and a half maximal thermal inactivation at 62.5 degrees C. These and additional results indicate that the 16S forms of AChE in both tissues are analogous molecules, which have a highly asymmetric conformation probably containing a collagen-like domain. The present findings are also consistent with the view that motor neurons provide at least a fraction of the 16S AChE present at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7322261 TI - Glycosylation of myelin glycoproteins in peripheral nerve via lipid intermediates. AB - Membrane preparations from chick peripheral nervous system (PNS) catalyzed the transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose into glucosylphosphoryl dolichol. The initial rate of glucosylphophoryl dolichol formation in a non-myelin membrane fraction from actively myelinating chick PNS was 11 fold higher than that from adult. Exogenous dolichyl monophosphate stimulated glucosylphosphoryl dolichol synthesis in both fractions. The higher level of glucosylphosphoryl dolichol synthesis corresponded to the onset of myelination in chick PNS. Exogenous dolichyl monophosphate also stimulated the labeling of glucosylated oligosaccharide lipids and glycoproteins in the fraction. On SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the relative mobility of the major and minor radioactive glycoprotein corresponded with that of the P0 and PASII glycoprotein in PNS myelin, respectively. The results suggest that myelin glycoproteins in PNS are glycosylated via lipid intermediates. PMID- 7322262 TI - Neonatal hypothyroidism and early undernutrition in the rat: defective maturation of structural membrane components in the central nervous system. AB - The action of neonatal hypothyroidism and early undernutrition on the lipid and protein composition, as well as, on the activity of 2'3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphohydrolase was studied in different subcellular fractions isolated from 20 day old hypothyroid and undernourished rats. Based on protein content, a marked decrease (70%) in the recovery of myelin was observed in both experimental conditions. The lipid composition of myelin in both groups was, however, different; while cholesterol, total phospholipids, and total galactolipids decreased in a similar fashion in the two situations; sulfatides and plasmalogens were much more affected in hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7322263 TI - Glucose uptake in mouse brain regions under hypoxic hypoxia. AB - Glucose uptake of individual structures within the brain was studied by dry autoradiography with 2-deoxy-D-[14C(U)]glucose under mild hypoxic hypoxia (12% O2:88% N2 or 9% O2:91% N2 for 1 hr). Glucose consumption in the whole brain was estimated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mild hypoxia increased the optical density of the autoradiograph in all regions. The deuterated G-6-P (Glucose-6-phosphate) synthesized from deuterated glucose decreased significantly with 9% O2 hypoxia (P less than 0.05). The ratio of the deuterated G-6-P to deuterated glucose, a more appropriate indicator of glucose utilization than the concentration of deuterated G-6-P, decreased significantly with 12% O2 hypoxia (P less than 0.01). The hippocampus, white matter, colliculus superior, and corpus geniculatum laterale appeared to be particularly sensitive to hypoxia. PMID- 7322264 TI - [An anatomical and technical note for microsurgery of the MCA aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - Several basic anatomical and technical principles helpful in selecting and planning the surgical treatment of the aneurysm of middle cerebral artery were discussed. 1. Superficial sylvian vein (SSV) usually runs on the temporal opercular bank, therefore, frontal opercular side may be preferred in opening the sylvian fissure(SF). In approximately 10% of specimens, there are two separate SSV lying close together in the SF which only rarely have communicating channels to each other. It should be kept in mind a vein of the one opercular bank may course to the surface, pass beneath the nearest sylvian vein on its side of the fissure and join the more distally located sylvian vein. 2. Deep sylvian vein (deep middle cerebral vein) which closely accompanies the trunk of MCA must be preserved. Surgical occlusion of this venous pathway may result in unanticipated serious postoperative complication, such as consciousness deterioration, hemiparesis or aphasia. 3. Perforators leaving the M1 over its posterosuperior surface form a loop which hang anteriorly. The loop occasionally comes forward and extends quite anteriorly where the sylvian fissure opens and therefore is in danger of injury. It is important to avoid tearing these fine vessels while exposing the middle cerebral artery. 4. The parent artery should be exposed proximally to the aneurysm to allow control of flow to the aneurysm if it ruptures during dissection in any way of approaching the aneurysm. 5. The aneurysm usually points in the direction of the long axis of the prebifurcation segment. 6. After the clip is applied, the area should be inspected to make certain the clip does not kink or obstruct the major vessels and that no perforating branches are included in it. PMID- 7322265 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322266 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos - diagnostic and therapeutic procedure (author's transl)]. AB - Unilateral exophthalmos related to orbital diseases was analyzed in 37 cases. Thirty-four out of 37 cases were operated on and histologically verified. The cases included five pseudotumors, five intracranial tumors invading the orbit, four carotid-cavernous fistulas, three mucoceles, two lacrimal gland tumors, two cavernous angiomas, two osteomas, two histiocytomas, two fibrous dysplasias, one neurinoma, one meningioma, one embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, one metastatic tumor, one venous malformation, one orbital meningoencephalocele, one infraclinoid internal carotid giant aneurysm, three mass lesions not verified operatively. The location of mass lesions in the orbit was diagnostically significant and was certified by CT scan. Mucocele and osteoma occurred at the medial site of the orbit. Lacrimal gland tumors were located anterolaterally in the orbit. Pseudotumors, cavernous angiomas, and the neurionoma were situated posterior to the orbital bulb. As for age distribution, meningoencephalocele, venous angioma, fibrous dysplasia, histiocytoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in infancy and childhood. The onset and course of the orbital mass lesions were characteristic in the disease process: carotid-cavernous fistula and infraclinoid internal carotid giant aneurysm occurred suddenly. Malignant tumors, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and metastatic tumor, revealed rapidly progressive exophthalmos. Benign tumors and mucocele were slowly progressive. Orbital meningoencephaloceles were observed at birth and no remarkable change thereafter. Pseudotumors were progressive at the initial disease process and later became stationary or regressive. Venous malformation showed intermittent exophthalmos. The frontozygomatic operative approach for orbital mass lesions was applied when the tumors were large enough and located laterally in the orbit. PMID- 7322267 TI - [Preventive effect on intracranial arterial vasospasm using combined ventriculo cisternal and cisternal drainage (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most important problems in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Several reports have recently emphasized that oxyHb from erythrocytes might be responsible for vasospasm. In this study, the hem-oxygenase which converts oxyHb to bilirubin was analyzed and the increase of hem-oxygenase in the CSF after SAH was reconfirmed. In 23 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, combined ventriculo-cisternal drainage and cisternal drainage designed by us was performed after clipping of aneurysms in early stage after rupture. Through a Y-shaped tube the CSF accumulated in the cistern and was drained extracranially through cisternal drainage. As a result, 2 (9%) of the 23 patients treated with the drainage showed symptomatic vasospasm. On the other hand, 13 (33%) of 39 patients without the drainage showed symptomatic vasospasm. It may be concluded that the drainage may contribute to prevention of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. PMID- 7322268 TI - [Magnification cerebral angiography of rat brain tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322269 TI - [Computed tomography in hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen cases of cerebellar hemorrhage were analysed from the point of CT-scan, and the following results were obtained. 1. The number of cases of cerebellar hemorrhage forms 4.4% of that of total intracranial hemorrhage. 2. Most of the cerebellar hematomas extend upward. Downward extension is rare. 3. In acute dead cases hematomas are 5 cm or more in diameter and lie over bilateral hemistpheres with the extension to third or fourth ventricles in CT-scans. 4. Slowly progressive cases are deteriorated by the secondary hydrocephalus. 5. In mild cases hematomas are 3cm or less in diameter on CT-scans and the hematoma evacuation is not indicated for these cases. 6. The shunt operation alone is sufficient for the life saving of the slowly progressive cases, but the hematoma evacuation is indicated in these cases if the functional prognosis is taken into consideration. 7. Immediate hematoma evacuation together with the ventricular drainage is considered to be effective for the life saving of the acute fulminant cases. PMID- 7322270 TI - [Three cases of cystic neurinoma arising from the upper cervical nerve roots and extending into the posterior cranial fossa (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of cystic neurinoma arising from the upper cervical spinal nerve roots and extending to the posterior cranial fossa through the foramen magnum were reported. Case 1 was a 52-year-old female presenting marked bilateral papilledema, hyperactive right knee jerk, left positive Gordon reflex and trunkal ataxia. The mass was mostly cystic and arose from the left 1st cervical nerve root. It extended to the posterior fossa, occupied the cerebello-medullary cistern and displaced the left cerebellar hemisphere posteriorly and superiorly. Case 2 was a 39-year-old male presenting marked bilateral papilledema, neck stiffness, dysfunction of the right 7, 9, 10 and 11th cranial nerves, gaze nystagmus, Horner's syndrome, right limb ataxia, and ataxic gait. The mass was totally cystic containing yellowish fluid and was growing from the right 2nd cervical spinal nerve root. The mass extended to the posterior cranial fossa up to the right cerebello-pontine angle and compressed the medulla oblongata, upper cervical cord and 7th through 11th cranial nerves on the right side. Case 3 was a 66-year-old male presenting marked bilateral papilledema, gaze nystagmus, left hemiparesis, bilateral hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, numbness of the left fingers and ataxic gait. CT scanning revealed in the midline of the posterior cranial fossa a low density mass which was enhanced in a ring-like fashion. Vertebral angiograms showed an avascular mass displacing the PICAs upwards and elongating its cranial loops antero-posteriorly. The mass was totally cystic, arose from the left 2nd cervical spinal nerve root, extended to the posterior cranial fossa and occupied the cisterna magna and vallecula. Foramen magnum syndrome was discussed and the symptoms and signs presented in these three cases were compared with those presented by foramen magnum meningioma in other reports. PMID- 7322271 TI - [A case presentation in which cerebral aneurysm disappeared then recurred documented by cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. AB - A 50-year-old man was admitted to this hospital with an onset one day previously of headache and impaired consciousness. Cerebral angiography performed on the date of admission revealed a middle cerebral artery aneurysm, measuring approximately 7 X 8 X 9 mm. The patient was begun on t-AMCHA 6 g/day, hypotensive agents and anticonvulsants. On the second day after administration, the patient exhibited a temperature of 38 degree C which continued for 3 weeks and was of unknown ethiology. Repeat cerebral angiography was performed two weeks later, and examination of the right carotid artery revealed that the aneurysm had disappeared. Also noted was a slight vasospasm on the internal carotid artery and the peripheral middle cerebral artery from an aneurysm. One week later, another examination confirmed that the aneurysm had indeed disappeared and the vasospasm was decreased. The fourth cerebral angiography was done 32 days after admission and showed definite recurrence of the aneurysm. Surgery and clipping of the aneurysm were done the following day. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital without neurologic abnormalities. This is the third reported case of the recurrence of an aneurysm that had once disappeared from cerebral angiography. This case may represent an episode of "spontaneous thrombosis" or "spontaneous cure or healing." PMID- 7322272 TI - [A case of intracranial plasmacytoma with extradural growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322273 TI - Influence of dorsal hippocampus stimulation on the excitability of medial hypothalamic neurons in the rat. AB - Extracellular recordings from medial hypothalamic neurons in pentobarbital anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated during electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal hippocampus/fimbria region. Similar short latency orthodromic (excitatory or inhibitory) responses were noted from both ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation sites indicating a bilateral projection. 14.5% of neurons responded to both stimuli, usually with a similar pattern of response. When neurons were also tested with ipsilateral basal or corticomedial amygdala stimulation, 21.5-22.8% of cells displayed orthodromic responses to both the hippocampus and the amygdala stimulus. 12.5% of medial hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular neurons also responded orthodromically to the hippocampal stimulus; a preceding stimulus to the amygdala could block this response in two of three tuberoinfundibular cells. These observations provide preliminary electrophysiological analysis of the functional connectivity of hippocampal and amygdala afferents to medial hypothalamic neurons that may underlie the influence of these extrahypothalamic regions on adenohypophyseal secretions. PMID- 7322274 TI - Response of reptilian gonad to melatonin. AB - The effect of melatonin treatment on the weight and volume of gonads and accessory sex organs of sham-operated and pinealectomized lizards (Calotes versicolor) was examined during the different phases of the annual gonadal cycle of the animal. Melatonin injections to sham-operated lizards inhibited gonadal activity during the progressive (April-May), reproductive (June-July) and early regression (September-October) phases of the cycle, but had no effect on the atrophied gonad present during the inactive and early progressive phases. Pinealectomy increased the weight and volume of the gonads and accessory sex organs at all phases of the gonadal cycle. Melatonin treatment in pinealectomized lizards counteracted the effect of pinealectomy. It is concluded that melatonin is antigonadotropic in this species of tropical lizard. PMID- 7322275 TI - Central effects of dopamine and bromocriptine on vasopressin release and blood pressure. AB - In order to investigate the role of central dopaminergic receptors in the control of vasopressin release and in cardiovascular regulation, the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dopamine (DA) and bromocriptine (BC), a specific DA agonist, were compared in the anesthetized dog. The drugs were infused over a 20-min period into a lateral ventricle. DA brought about a transient decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, a slight increase in heart rate toward the end of the experiment, and a suppression of vasopressin release. BC increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure to a greater extent than did DA, and doubled the plasma vasopressin concentration. The increase in vasopressin secretion preceded the fall in blood pressure, ans was, therefore, due to a direct central action of BC. Although in these circumstances it is difficult to determine the role of dopaminergic neurons in the control of vasopressin release, there is some reason to believe that this role may be expressed by the actions of BC under the present experimental conditions. PMID- 7322276 TI - On the relationship between kainic acid-induced epileptiform activity and hippocampal neuronal damage. PMID- 7322277 TI - Effects of glutamic acid diethylester and kainic acid diethylester on discharges of Renshaw cells. PMID- 7322278 TI - Neuropharmacological effects of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane--3. An account of the convulsant activity of the gamma-isomer in rats. PMID- 7322279 TI - Evidence for the potentiation of the antinociceptive action of morphine by bromocriptine. PMID- 7322280 TI - The function of dopamine receptors in the central thermoregulatory pathways of the rat. PMID- 7322281 TI - Food and water intake in the non-deprived pigeon after morphine or naloxone administration. PMID- 7322282 TI - Effect of isoproterenol upon serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) activity and melatonin production in the chick pineal gland. PMID- 7322283 TI - Behavioural effects of acute and chronic beta-phenylethylamine administration in the rat: evidence for the involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - The behavioural consequences of daily beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) administration for a period of 6 weeks have been examined. Rats first showed signs of the 5-HT behavioural syndrome after a single injection of PEA (50mg/kg) or 7 daily injections of PEA (25mg/kg). The syndrome reached peak intensity after 3 weeks treatment and was prevented by pre-treatment with 5-HT antagonists mianserin and methysergide or the neuroloptic clozapine but relatively unaffected by pre treatment with haloperidol. These data provide strong evidence for an effect of PEA on brain 5-HT mechanisms. Because of the similarity between PEA and amphetamine and the suggestion that PEA may be involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia, it is proposed that the mechanisms of action of PEA be reassessed taking into account its ability to affect 5-HT systems in addition to catecholaminergic systems. PMID- 7322284 TI - Role of bulbar serotonergic neurotransmission in the initiation of swallowing in the rat. PMID- 7322285 TI - Cardiovascular response to microinjection of physostigmine and choline into the dorsal medullary site of the rat. PMID- 7322286 TI - Development and social behaviour in mice after prenatal and postnatal administration of low levels of lead acetate. PMID- 7322287 TI - Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex induces fever reaction in the rabbit. PMID- 7322288 TI - The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and phenobarbital in prekindled and kindled cortical seizures. PMID- 7322289 TI - Cocaine-induced supersensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors: role of endogenous calmodulin. PMID- 7322290 TI - The effect of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors on rat serum prolactin. PMID- 7322291 TI - Antiestrogen-induced alterations of hypothalamic dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the female rat. PMID- 7322292 TI - Neurochemical effects of kojic amine, a GABAmimetic and its interaction with benzylamine oxidase. PMID- 7322293 TI - Paradoxical blockade of a muscimol response by THIP, a GABA agonist and also by GABA-transaminase inhibitors. PMID- 7322294 TI - Effect of antidepressant drugs on carbachol chloride-induced wet dog shake behaviour in rats. PMID- 7322296 TI - Behavioural and neurochemical studies on apomorphine-induced hypomotility in mice. PMID- 7322295 TI - Mechanisms of tolerance to the anticholinesterase, DFP: acetylcholine levels and dynamics in the rat brain. PMID- 7322297 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of bremazocine in the rat. PMID- 7322298 TI - Effects of intraventricular injection of bradykinin on the EEG and the blood pressure in conscious rats. PMID- 7322299 TI - Pentylenetetrazol augmentation of developing kindled amygdaloid seizures. PMID- 7322300 TI - Lidocaine selectively diminishes medullary serotonin metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7322301 TI - Under nutrition during early life and its effects on animal development and behaviour. PMID- 7322302 TI - Placental transfer of pethidine and bupivacaine. PMID- 7322303 TI - Effects of analgesics and anaesthetics given in childbirth on child development. PMID- 7322304 TI - Are striatal [3H]spiperone radioreceptor assays indicative of multiple dopamine receptor interactions? PMID- 7322305 TI - Chlorpromazine reduces the perceptual ambiguity of a reversible visual figure. PMID- 7322306 TI - Anorectic actions of the opiate antagonist naloxone. PMID- 7322307 TI - Relationship between depression and haematological status in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7322308 TI - Effects of phenelzine and acetylator phenotype. PMID- 7322309 TI - Patterns of hypnotic prescribing and usage in residential homes for the elderly. PMID- 7322310 TI - Ethics, law, and role models. PMID- 7322313 TI - Monitoring of activated clotting time during carotid endarterectomy: a preliminary report. PMID- 7322312 TI - Importance of monitoring the circulating blood volume in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - We used the isotope dilution technique to monitor circulating blood volume (CBV) in three patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms who developed pre- or postoperative ischemic symptoms that responded well to intravascular volume expansion therapy with blood transfusion and plasma expanders. In the first and second cases, predeterioration CBVs were obtained. Both of these patients showed hypovolemia and a decreased red blood cell volume at the time of neurological deterioration. A predeterioration CBV was not available for the third patient for comparison, but his red cell volume was also markedly decreased. Postrecovery CBVs were obtained in the second and third cases. Our data suggested that a depleted red blood cell volume was more responsible for neurological deterioration than was a lowered plasma volume. To prevent the occurrence of hypovolemia and anemia in aneurysm patients, we should monitor CBV not only at the time of neurological deterioration, but also at the time of admission and during the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 7322311 TI - Preoperative prognostic factors for rebleeding and survival in aneurysm patients receiving antifibrinolytic therapy: report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. AB - Prognostic factors for mortality and recurrent hemorrhage in the preoperative, 2 week period were determined in 1114 patients who participated in the antifibrinolytic therapy investigations of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study between 1970 and 1977. Factors significantly related to mortality were admission neurological status, diastolic blood pressure, interval to treatment, degree of vasospasm, and medical condition. Factors associated with the likelihood of recurrent hemorrhage were interval to treatment, patient's sex, and admission neurological status. These factors need to be considered in the analysis of clinical data in the management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 7322314 TI - Vertebral artery disease: radiological evaluation medical management, and microsurgical treatment. AB - The neuroradiological evaluation, perioperative medical management, and microsurgical treatment of variously located vertebral artery lesions are presented. Four types of surgical procedures were undertaken: proximal vertebral artery to common carotid artery end-to-side anastomosis; external carotid artery to midcervical vertebral artery end-to-side anastomosis; external carotid artery to distal cervical vertebral artery end-to-end anastomosis; and occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery end-to-side anastomosis. Each case is used to demonstrate the evaluation and management involved, the type of and rationale for the surgical procedure selected, and the patency of the anastomosis performed. Two points are emphasized. One is that, after careful angiographic evaluation and improved perioperative medical management, lesions of the vertebral artery are indeed amenable to microsurgical intervention with relatively low risk to the patient. The other is that, whenever possible, anastomosis of the largest caliber of vessels with the least number of suture lines is the surgical treatment of choice. PMID- 7322315 TI - Neurosurgical aspects of the parietal boss in patients with chronic subdural hematomas. PMID- 7322316 TI - Analysis of brain abscess after penetrating craniocerebral injuries in Vietnam. AB - A population of 1221 patients from the Vietnam War with penetrating craniocerebral trauma was analyzed. Thirty-seven cases of brain abscess were documented (incidence 3%). This sequela occurred more frequently in association with extensive, deep penetrating injuries; deep, prolonged coma; cerebrospinal fluid fistulas; wound infections; facio-orbital cranial/air sinus injuries; and retained bone fragments. The mortality rate was 54%, and, of the patients who survived, 82% had significant morbidity. This is the last large population study of brain abscess after penetrating craniocerebral trauma before the availability of computed tomographic scanning and more comprehensive coma care. It should serve as base line data against which we can measure improvement. PMID- 7322317 TI - Extraneural metastatic medulloblastoma during childhood. AB - From 1960 to 1977, 59 patients with histologically confirmed medulloblastoma were initially treated at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles. Of this group, 49 have died and, of these, 34 were autopsied. Among the autopsied cases, 2 infants had neck masses that proved to be medulloblastoma that had spread from the cerebellar vermis before any surgical intervention. Four additional patients who had undergone a posterior fossa craniectomy without either the pre- or postoperative placement of a cerebrospinal fluid-diverting shunt were found to have extraneural metastatic medulloblastoma at autopsy. The extraneural metastatic medulloblastoma rate in the autopsied cases was 17.6% (6 of 34). Our series shows that the incidence of the extraneural spread of medulloblastoma is associated with being young, being male, and having diffuse tumor involvement of the subarachnoid space. PMID- 7322318 TI - Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with concentrated albumin. AB - The object of the investigation was to study the effects of concentrated albumin upon the evolution of cerebral infarction. Twenty adult cats lightly anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride underwent right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion for 6 hours. Ten cats were not treated and 10 cats received concentrated (i.e., 25 g/100 ml) human serum albumin (5 ml/kg i.v.) at the time of MCA occlusion. The blood volume increased 30 to 40% in the cats receiving concentrated albumin. The hematocrit fell for 32 +/- 5% (SD) before occlusion to 23 +/- 6% at 2.5 hours after occlusion in treated cats, whereas the hematocrit in untreated cats remained stable at 35 +/- 5. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the right sylvian region were similar in the untreated and treated groups. The mean rCBF before occlusion was 42 +/- 11 ml/100 g/minute in the untreated cats and 44 +/- 8 ml/100 g/minute in the treated cats. Untreated and treated cats had similar reductions of rCBF in the right sylvian region to less than or equal to 18 ml/100 g/minute at some point after occlusion. An index of erythrocyte flow and microcirculatory resistance was determined by measuring the transit of 99Tc-labeled erythrocytes in the right sylvian region. The erythrocyte transit time before occlusion was 10 +/- 2 seconds in the untreated group and 9 +/- 1 seconds in the treated group. After 6 hours, the erythrocyte transit was 19 +/- 3 seconds in the untreated group and 15 +/- 3 seconds in the treated group (p less than or equal to 0.1), suggesting that less microcirculatory impairment occurred in some treated cats. Electroencephalographic changes during the initial 3 hours of occlusion were less severe in the treated cats than in the untreated cats, suggesting that the collateral flow in the border zone of the MCA territory initially may have been improved by treatment. Impairment of carbon perfusion, ischemic edema, and neuronal alterations after 6 hours of occlusion were the same in both groups. Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier to Evans blue dye, however, was more marked in the treated group. The findings of the study indicate that concentrated albumin does not substantially modify the evolution of cerebral infarction. PMID- 7322319 TI - Ommaya reservoir insertion guided by computed tomography. PMID- 7322320 TI - Prevention of intracranial hypertension during the insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter. PMID- 7322321 TI - Percutaneous placement of the atrial end of a vascular shunt utilizing the Swan Ganz introducer. PMID- 7322322 TI - New options for the microsurgeon: multiple instrumentation in a single microsurgical field. PMID- 7322323 TI - Giant intrasacral Schwannoma: case report. PMID- 7322324 TI - Painful neuroma: changes produced in peripheral nerve after fascicle ligation. AB - Sixteen months after resection of a painful neuroma and fascicle ligation of the proximal nerve segments, the fascicle ligated neural tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. No significant neuroma formation was found in the fascicle-ligated regions. The distal portion consisted mainly of connective tissue fibroblasts with an absence of neural elements. Maintaining the perineurium intact by fascicle ligation seems to alter significantly axonal regeneration in humans, as is indicated by minimal neuroma formation. Similar findings after fascicle ligation in animals have also been reported. This lack of neuroma formation after resection of a painful neuroma and fascicle ligation may play a significant role in relieving pain in patients with painful neuromas. PMID- 7322326 TI - Traumatic subdural hygroma in adults. AB - The authors review 25 cases of post-traumatic subdural hygroma in adults and report the findings of computer tomography in 4 cases. There was marked diversity in the severity of injury and in chronicity. The site of the lesion was consistently delineated by angiography, but preoperative differentiation from subdural hematoma was possible only with computed tomography. The mortality was 28%. Good recovery occurred in 48%. The prognosis was best among younger patients with subacute or chronic lesions. PMID- 7322325 TI - Midbrain lesions: frequent and significant prognostic feature in closed head injury. AB - Midbrain lesions were found in 23 of 35 autopsied, head-injured people. These lesions were interpreted as "primary"--that is, occurring at the time of impact. This interpretation was concordant with the clinical data, although the difficulty in establishing the precise moment at which the lesions were initiated in any individual case was recognized. Correlative clinicopathological data in head-injured people showed that midbrain damage could be determined by evoked potentials (EPs). In a total of 165 head-injured patients, the early presence or absence of evidence for midbrain lesions on EP examination was a powerful prognostic indicator of death or recovery, respectively. Autopsy and EP data showed that midbrain damage almost always occurred in the presence of hemispheric injury, but this fact should not obscure either the high frequency of midbrain lesions in those dying of head injury or the great prognostic value of their presence or absence. PMID- 7322327 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe pediatric near-drowning. AB - Between April 1979 and April 1981, 20 near-drowned children admitted to Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles with a Glasgow coma score of 3 underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and brain resuscitative therapy. By the 3rd hospital day, 14 patients had developed ICP elevation above 20 torr, and 11 of these had sustained intracranial hypertension above 30 torr. Ten of these children died, and 4 remain in a persistent vegetative state. Of 6 patients whose ICP never exceeded 20 torr, 3 recovered completely, 1 died, and 2 remain without any cognitive function. The salvage rate for patients with normal ICP after near drowning accidents is significantly better than that for patients in whom the ICP is elevated (P = 0.017). Intracranial hypertension is associated with a uniformly bad outcome and is frequent in patients who die or suffer permanent, severe central nervous system damage after near-drowning. PMID- 7322328 TI - Odontoid fracture: management with early mobilization using the halo device. PMID- 7322329 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia treated by the injection of glycerol into the trigeminal cistern. AB - Seventy-five patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated by the injection of 0.2 to 0.4 ml of glycerol by the anterior percutaneous route into the trigeminal cistern, which was visualized by the aid of contrast medium (metrizamide). Eighty six per cent of the patients were completely free from pain after the treatment, which produced only minimal disturbance of facial sensitivity. No complications have been observed. It is suggested that glycerol acts mainly on partly demyelinated nerve fibers, which are assumed to be involved in the trigger mechanism. PMID- 7322330 TI - Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. PMID- 7322331 TI - Improved relapse-free survival in medulloblastoma utilizing modern techniques. AB - Between 1969 and 1979, 22 patients with medulloblastoma were treated by the same surgical group and radiation therapy group. The patients were divided into two groups because of the clinical availability in December 1974 of the computed tomographic (CT) scanner and of the operating microscope used in the initial surgical procedure. There were 11 patients in each group. The percentage of patients with a relapse-free survival in the group treated between 1969 and 1974 (Group 1) was 38% at 4 years. The survival in the 11 patients treated between 1974 and 1979 (Group 2) was 84% at 4 years. This improvement is statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.001). All patients received the same dose of radiation. Efforts to minimize the tumor burden by total surgical resection did not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality. These results are discussed, along with the relative impact of the CT scan, total resection at operation, and increased focus for radiation therapy on the improved outcome. PMID- 7322332 TI - Photoradiation therapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors: a phase I (feasibility) study. PMID- 7322333 TI - Prevention of cerebral ischemic symptoms in cerebral vasospasm with trapidil, an antagonist and selective synthesis inhibitor of thromboxane A2. AB - The results of our previous experimental and clinical studies led us to the hypothesis that, in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, subarachnoid focal acidosis resulting from anaerobic changes of subarachnoid clots may be a factor upsetting the balanced synthesis of both thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 from prostaglandin endoperoxides on the inner surface of cerebral arteries. Thus, there is a higher concentration of thromboxane A2, a prostanoid that causes arterial contraction and platelet aggregation. We tested the administration of trapidil, an antagonist and selective synthesis inhibitor of thromboxane A2, in a series of 20 cases for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal rupture. Vasospasm was demonstrated by angiography in 9 of these cases, but only 2 of the 9 showed mild signs of cerebral ischemia. Of the 20 patients, 15 were discharged from the hospital as cured and 3 had a neurological deficit at discharge. Our findings suggest the significance in symptomatic vasospasm of thrombus formation by platelet aggregation and the effectiveness of trapidil as a preventive. PMID- 7322334 TI - Absorption resistance of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the monkey; effects of heparin. AB - The morbidity and mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is directly related to blood in the subarachnoid space. Blood was injected intracisternally in 10 monkeys, and the absorption resistance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied. The monkeys given injections of nonheparinized blood maintained high absorptive resistances, whereas the resistances of the group that received heparinized blood returned to the original levels. If heparinization of the CSF can be achieved rapidly after SAH and the deposition of fibrin clots along the pathways of CSF drainage can be prevented, the resorption of blood through the arachnoid granulations might be facilitated. PMID- 7322335 TI - Simple technique for monitoring intraoperative spinal cord function. AB - Interference with normal spinal cord functioning is an important, although uncommon, complication of spinal surgery. Spinal evoked potentials have been advocated as a means of monitoring spinal cord transmission during operative procedures. We have developed a simple technique using electrodes inserted into the interspinal ligaments for monitoring purposes. This has produced stable and reproducible recordings with obvious clinical benefit in the first 50 cases in which it has been used. PMID- 7322336 TI - Staircase concept of instrument placement in microsurgery. AB - A new technique of mechanical support for microinstruments of action (e.g., scissors and air turbine drills) is presented. The technique consists of attaching instruments to ball and cable retractor arms (Flexbars) and securing them to a framework around the operative site. By assigning functional levels for instrument and hand placement, surgical procedures are simplified and shortened. A brief comparison of self-retaining retractors and an evaluation of them in terms of this technique is also included. PMID- 7322337 TI - Unilateral hydranencephaly: case report. PMID- 7322338 TI - Retinoblastoma as a possible primary intracranial tumor. AB - A 10-month-old infant with a small, unilateral, peripheral retinal lesion also had a large, well-encapsulated, suprasellar retinoblastoma. The primary vs. the metastatic nature of the intracranial tumor is considered. It is postulated that primary intracranial tumors may arise within areas of the central nervous system embryologically related to the retina in patients with the genetic form of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7322339 TI - Primary dural melanoma: a clinical and morphological study. AB - This study reviews the literature pertaining to primary meningeal melanoma and reports the clinical and ultrastructural findings in a case where the tumor appeared to be of pachymeningeal (dural) origin. This is clearly a departure from all previously described cases, in which a leptomeningeal (pial-arachnoidal) origin was either defined or assumed. Clinically, this case was remarkable in its rarity, its presentation as a cerebellopontine angle syndrome, and its occurrence in a Negro, a race in which melanomas are uncommon. Ultrastructurally, the tumor did demonstrate the presence of basement membrane abnormalities and numerous endothelial fenestrations. However, it was found to be made up of a homogenous cell population, consisting only of electron-lucent, melanin-laden cells. The mixed cell population noted previously in a primary leptomeningeal melanoma was not found in this tumor. In view of the fact that this patient continues to do well 1 1/2 years after operation, with no evidence of tumor recurrence, it is suggested that a homogenous cell population noted on electron microscopy could indicate a better prognosis. In addition, it may also indicate a pachymeningeal rather than a leptomeningeal origin for the tumor. A plea is made for greater specificity in terminology when describing primary meningeal melanomas and for a concerted effort to distinguish between those of dural and those of leptomeningeal origin. PMID- 7322340 TI - Significance of infundibular dilatation in unexplained subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Angiographically equivocal aneurysmal dilatation at the junction of the internal carotid and the posterior communicating arteries was noted in a patient with documented subarachnoid hemorrhage. This was initially thought to be infundibular dilatation. A craniotomy revealed an actual aneurysm, which was obliterated successfully. Whether infundibular dilatation is a preaneurysmal state or a benign dilatation is controversial. The management of angiographically noted infundibular dilatation in cases of "essential" subarachnoid hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 7322341 TI - Theophylline toxicity after the use of aminophylline in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. AB - We are reporting a case of theophylline toxicity after the initiation of i.v. aminophylline and isoproterenol in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. The dose of aminophylline (125 mg/hour) previously recommended results in a toxic serum theophylline concentration in a majority of patients if the infusion is continued for more than 24 to 48 hours. The rapid achievement of an optimal serum level is obtained with a standard loading dose of 8.0 mg/kg. The initial infusion rate should be based on calculated pharmacokinetic data. Maintenance dosing adjustments are then based on serum determinations and the presence of toxic effects. PMID- 7322342 TI - Sacral fracture: case presentation and review. AB - Sacral fractures are either transverse or longitudinal (vertical). Transverse fractures may be isolated and can be subdivided into two types. Upper transverse fractures occur in younger people and result from severe traumatic flexion of the upper body on the fixed pelvis. Lower transverse fractures result from a hard blow to the coccyx, as in a fall. Vertical fractures are essentially never isolated, always being associated with an anterior break in the pelvic ring. These result from extreme forces transmitted through the ilium. Any of these fractures can cause injury to neural elements, and surgical decompression may be indicated in certain of the transverse types. PMID- 7322343 TI - Consider mind as a biological problem. PMID- 7322344 TI - Inhibitory conductance changes and action of gamma-aminobutyrate in rat hippocampus. PMID- 7322345 TI - Disinhibitory action of acetylcholine in the rat's hippocampus: extracellular observations. PMID- 7322346 TI - Intracellular observations on the disinhibitory action of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. PMID- 7322347 TI - The effect of epileptiform discharges evoked by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid on cholinergic and catecholaminergic hippocampal afferents. PMID- 7322348 TI - Depolarization of cortical glial cells in response to electrical stimulation of the cortical surface. PMID- 7322349 TI - Two different polysensory systems in the suprasylvian gyrus of the cat. An electrophysiological and autoradiographic study. PMID- 7322350 TI - Synaptic terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus from neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus: a light and electron microscope autoradiographic study. PMID- 7322351 TI - Effect of bilateral enucleation on the development of layers in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 7322352 TI - Synaptogenesis in mouse cerebellum: a comparative in vivo and tissue culture study. PMID- 7322353 TI - Pontine projections to crus I and crus II of the cat cerebellum. A horseradish peroxidase study. PMID- 7322354 TI - Efferent connections of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. PMID- 7322355 TI - The fine structure of two types of stellate cells in the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7322356 TI - Involvement of the thalamus in the reciprocal regulation of the two nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. PMID- 7322357 TI - Primary monolayer cultures of the rat corpus striatum: morphology and properties related to acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyrate. PMID- 7322358 TI - Production of a specific antiserum to rat brain glutamic acid decarboxylase by injection of an antigen-antibody complex. PMID- 7322359 TI - Comparison of cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase isoenzymes and glutamic acid decarboxylase in rat liver and brain. PMID- 7322360 TI - Identification of neural and adrenal medullary surface membrane glycoproteins recognized by antisera to cultured rat sympathetic neurons and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. PMID- 7322361 TI - Correlative morphological and biochemical studies in a case of subacute progressive panencephalomyelitis caused by paramyxovirus. PMID- 7322362 TI - [Clinico-morphological analysis of secondary hemorrhages into the brain stem in supratentorial encephalomalacia]. PMID- 7322363 TI - [Case of hepatic coma with neuropathological features of Wilson's disease]. PMID- 7322364 TI - [Gamma-aminobutyric acid content and glutamine decarboxylase activity in the rat brain in experimental hypoglycemia]. PMID- 7322365 TI - [Pathomorphology of the central nervous system of rats in manganese chloride poisoning. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7322366 TI - [Morphologic and histoenzymatic changes in rat brain neuroglia after administration of high doses of Cynkotox]. PMID- 7322367 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of zinc chloride on hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretion]. PMID- 7322368 TI - Ultrastructure of medulloblastoma in children. PMID- 7322369 TI - [Myelin in cerebral oligodendrogliomas in mice]. PMID- 7322370 TI - A report on the presence of trematode parasites in the brain ventricles of the teleost Channapunctatus (Bloch). PMID- 7322372 TI - Versatility of Bacillus caldolyticus with regard to thermoadaptation and morphology. PMID- 7322371 TI - Cellular responses of the pineal gland to sex steroids in bandicoot rat. PMID- 7322373 TI - Lipotropic effects of zinc, vitamin B12, and glutathione on the fatty liver of rat. A histochemical study. PMID- 7322375 TI - [Effects of cadralazine (ISF 2469) on water-sodium balance and on essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7322374 TI - Effects of a long-term treatment with norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on the epidermis, the sebaceous glands, the meibomian gland and the Harderian gland in the cycling female rat. PMID- 7322376 TI - [Electro-systolic stimulation with an isotopic pacemaker. Apropos of 64 treated cases]. PMID- 7322377 TI - [Vascular acute abdomen caused by aneurysms of the visceral arteries]. PMID- 7322378 TI - [Distal obstructive arteriopathies of the extremities]. PMID- 7322379 TI - [Interatrial communication in the adult simulating the phonocardiographic picture of mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7322380 TI - [Current attitudes on ascending aorta thrombosis]. PMID- 7322381 TI - [Necessity of surgical therapy in lesions of the femoropopliteal artery tract]. PMID- 7322382 TI - [Nonmalignant tumors of the lung]. PMID- 7322383 TI - [Intrapulmonary thyroid tissue: metastasis or chorista?]. PMID- 7322384 TI - [Use of computerized axial tomography in rectal cancer. The initial results]. PMID- 7322385 TI - [Technical solution in a case of peptic ulcer of the 2d duodenum (juxtapapillary)]. PMID- 7322386 TI - [Acute mesenteric infarct. Comments on a modern therapeutic approach]. PMID- 7322387 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of "high" anal fistulae]. PMID- 7322388 TI - [Use of a peritoneovenous shunt in treating intractable ascites]. PMID- 7322389 TI - [Experimental research on continent ileostomy. II. The use of mechanical sutures in constructing an intra-abdominal reservoir]. PMID- 7322390 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid. A critical review of the authors' personal experience]. PMID- 7322391 TI - Diverticulitis of the ascending colon. AB - On the basis of three case reports some aspects of diverticulitis of the caecum and ascending colon are discussed. The surgical treatment of congenital diverticula (mostly situated in the caecum) with inflammation should be as conservative as possible to minimize the risk of postoperative complications. Our two patients I and 2 with diverticulitis of the caecum were both treated by ileocaecal resection; possibly in case I diverticulectomy alone would have been sufficient. Patient 3 was treated by right hemicolectomy for a condition residual to (peri)diverticulitis of the ascending colon. In all three cases the postoperative course was uneventful. PMID- 7322392 TI - Peripheral false arterial aneurysms. PMID- 7322393 TI - Distal femoral fractures, results of operative treatment. AB - In the period from 1974 to 1980 35 patients with distal femoral fractures were treated operatively by internal fixation using AO-methods with functional aftertreatment. There were four local complications. The results in a completely documented group of 24 patients are discussed. Our experiences confirm that condylar plate fixation with functional aftertreatment as developed by the Swiss AO-group has virtually solved the technical problems associated with the simpler mono-, inter- and supracondylar fractures. Even in shattered comminuted fractures with severe damage to soft tissues and articular cartilage the ultimate results were generally good. PMID- 7322394 TI - The Attenborough total knee arthroplasty. AB - A follow-up study was performed on 20 total knee arthroplasties of the Attenborough type in 15 patients. The follow-up term was from one to three years. In 16 cases the knee joint degeneration was caused by rheumatoid arthritis and in four cases by osteoarthrosis. Knee flexion improved from an average preoperative value of 17 degrees to 84 degrees, to an average of 3 degrees to 92 degrees. In one case (5%) a deep infection developed. In another case there was roentgenographic and clinical evidence of prosthetic loosening. Four patients were left with significant patellofemoral pain. With the exception of the infected knee, all patients showed significant improvement in their walking distance. Subjectively, 67% of the patients were satisfied or delighted, 26% felt improved and 7% were dissatisfied. These preliminary results with the Attenborough total knee prosthesis are comparable with the results of other authors; the indications seem limited to patients with restricted physical activity and severe deformity of the knee. PMID- 7322395 TI - Dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. PMID- 7322396 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the cystic duct during pregnancy. AB - A patient with an acute abdomen during pregnancy is reported. It was due to perforation of the cystic duct by a cholesterol gallstone. A cholecystectomy and T-tube drainage resulted in recovery and normal delivery twelve weeks after operation. The presence of gallstones, their location at the weakest point of the cystic duct, and the possible hemodynamic changes (as there is a higher pressure in the vena cava) occurring during pregnancy, are discussed as possible causes of this acute abdominal condition. PMID- 7322397 TI - CT scanning for diagnosis of a renal injury. PMID- 7322398 TI - [Coxarthrosis. Drug therapy]. PMID- 7322399 TI - [Indications for joint prostheses]. PMID- 7322400 TI - [Evaluation of materials to be used in hip prostheses]. PMID- 7322401 TI - [Current status of surgical non-substitutive treatment of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 7322402 TI - [Early diagnosis of monarthritis]. PMID- 7322403 TI - [Diagnosis of osteoporosis in its preradiologic phase]. PMID- 7322404 TI - [Lung involvement in connective tissue inflammation]. PMID- 7322405 TI - [The skin and the rheumo-arthropathies]. PMID- 7322406 TI - [Health economics and the campaign against rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7322407 TI - [Epidemiological and hospitalization aspects of patients with rheumatic diseases in the Marche district]. PMID- 7322408 TI - [Statistical findings on the incidence of rheumatic joint diseases in a multi specialized national center]. PMID- 7322409 TI - [Resources and hydrothermal establishments in the Marche region]. PMID- 7322410 TI - [The day hospital for the rheumatic patient. Practical aspects and general problems]. PMID- 7322411 TI - [Current possibilities, limits and targets in the prevention of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7322412 TI - [Quality control of hospital care or medical audit: non-juridical guarantee of quality]. AB - After defining the meaning of "medical audit", i.e. control and guarantee of the quality of hospital treatment with absolutely no judgment connotation or idea of something that interferes in any way with the physician's professional freedom, aspects of the medical audit are summarised on the basis of American and Dutch experience. It is pointed out that the technical and medical aspects should be the initial considerations. PMID- 7322413 TI - [Arterial hypertension. Medico-social and medico-legal problems]. AB - After a brief mention of the incidence and clinical signs of hypertensive disease, stress is laid on certain social and legal medicine aspects relating above all to various prevention and medical education intervention and to rehabilitation. For an evaluation of the working capacity of the hypertense, a classification is proposed which can also be utilised for the purposes of judging pensionable invalidity as well as for assessing the risk increase coefficient for life insurance. The higher mortality percentage in relation to the seriousness of the diseases is pointed out. PMID- 7322415 TI - [Pathology of alcoholism. Experiences and treatment possibilities]. AB - In the present study, the state of art of alcohol-related pathology is described, and the most credited etiological theories reviewed. An effort has been made to apply theory to the daily practice of the health practitioner and the social worker, who operate in the field. Particular emphasis has been given to the experience in the County of Dolo, Italy, where alcohol-related problems have been successfully dealt with by the Alcoholism Unit of the local General Hospital. PMID- 7322414 TI - [Cases of acute poisoning hospitalized in the Veneto region. Preliminary results in 1721 cases]. AB - An epidemiological study has been made of acute poisoning cases hospitalised in the Veneto region in 1978 and 1979 and the present paper reports an initial sizeable group of 1721 cases. Young people are most affected (60% of cases below the age of 30), particularly in the first decade of life. The male sex is mainly involved in poisoning due to voluntary substances (alcohol, heroin) while females are most affected by psychoactive drugs. The commonest toxic substances are: psychoactive drugs (26%), alcohol (20%), domestic products (19%), heroin (10%), non-narcotic analgesics (4%), agricultural products (3%) and cardiovascular drugs (2%). In 3% of cases it proved impossible to identify the compound in question and in 13% of poisonings different drugs and substances were involved. The average duration of admission was 41/2 days and support treatment was carried out regularly. Mortality was 0.4% (7 cases), 4 of them due to poisoning by domestic products. PMID- 7322416 TI - [Obesity and health education in the hospital milieu]. AB - On the basis of the premise that obesity is a disease which can be prevented by appropriate medical education, the main intervention possibilities offered for this purpose by the hospital structures are reviewed. The benefits deriving from application of correct nutritional standards by hospital caterers are also considered. PMID- 7322417 TI - [The rights of the hospitalized patient. A medico-social problem of major importance]. AB - Recently many Italian regions take care of the patient's rights and some regions have made regional laws of patients rights in hospital that had been made by international associations. In the latest times also syndicate of hospital's doctors began to take care of this problem and an important symposium on patient's rights was made in Gardone in September 1980. It has been discussed about patient's right and why these rights are sometimes forgotten by those who work in hospitals. PMID- 7322418 TI - [Sex and violence in entertainment. A preliminary synthesis]. PMID- 7322419 TI - [Paramorphism and the sport of volley ball]. AB - The Author on the basis that sport activity is a great preventive treatment against paramorphisms analyzes volley-ball and particularly the possible connections between paramorphism, spinal column and volley-ball. PMID- 7322420 TI - [Hormonal changes after the menopause]. PMID- 7322421 TI - [Adrenogenital syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 7322422 TI - [Ultrastructure of the gonads in 2 cases of complete testicular feminization syndrome]. PMID- 7322423 TI - [Cesarean section during a 10-year period]. PMID- 7322424 TI - [Induction of labor with the use of synthetic oxytocin associated with dihydroergotamine methanesulfonate (DHE 45)]. PMID- 7322425 TI - [A new intrauterine device with progesterone for control of reproduction]. PMID- 7322426 TI - [Analysis of the results and considerations on the organizational aspects of the implementation of the Law 194/78 in a provincial hospital]. PMID- 7322427 TI - [Cardiotocography in a case of anencephaly]. PMID- 7322428 TI - [Comparison of 2 therapeutic schemes in threatened premature labor]. PMID- 7322429 TI - [Clinical experience with the use of injectable cephalexin in obstetric and gynecologic pathology]. PMID- 7322430 TI - [Mycoses in obstetrical and gynecological pathology. The use of miconazole in new preparations in the local therapy of mycotic vaginitis]. PMID- 7322431 TI - [Study of the bacterial flora associated with vaginitis caused by Candida albicans]. PMID- 7322432 TI - Efferent neurons to the labyrinth of Salamandra salamandra as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Application of horseradish peroxidase to the severed VIIIth nerve of Salamandra salamandra resulted in heavy bilateral labeling of neurons of the medullary reticular formation. These neurons closely resemble the Mauthner neuron in their widespread dendritic ramification. In most preparations axon collaterals are seen to leave the medulla via the contralateral VIIIth nerve. It is suggested that these neurons are labyrinthine efferents. PMID- 7322434 TI - Autoradiographic study of the distribution of olivocerebellar connections during the involution of the multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by climbing fibers in the developing rat. AB - The distribution of olivocerebellar projections was studied in 6--13-day-old rats using an autoradiographic method, to determine whether the adult-type sagittal banding pattern of these projections was already settled. Clear sagittal-labeled bands were seen within the cerebellar cortex as already as 6 days when all Purkinje cells are multiinnervated by climbing fibers and in older animals, where most Purkinje cells are monoinnervated. These data suggest that the sagittal zonation of the olivocerebellar connections is already settled in early development. PMID- 7322433 TI - Horseradish peroxidase pellets implanted into infant neocortex: some technical considerations. AB - This study was undertaken to examine whether implanting pellets of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), rather than injecting an aqueous solution, would improve the sensitivity of the retrograde tracing method as applied to infant rat neocortex. From 1 to 10 pellets, each containing approximately 10 microgram of HRP, were implanted into somatosensory cortex of 6-day-old rats. Implantation of one pellet labeled 4 neuronal groups; 5 pellets, 37 groups. Higher doses of injected HRP (20 -50 microgram and 200-400 microgram) are needed to label the same number of groups. Also, individual neurons of a group generally contain more granules/cell after pellets than following injections of much higher doses of HRP. The pellet implant technique offers a high degree of reproducibility and is technically simpler than injections. We conclude that HRP pellet implants offer advantages over injections in identifying potential afferents to immature neocortex. PMID- 7322435 TI - Presynaptic excitability changes induced in the solitary tract endings of laryngeal primary afferents by stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus. AB - To determine if the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and locus coeruleus (LC) might exert presynaptic modulatory influences on the endings in the medullary solitary tract nucleus of laryngeal afferents, multi-unit and single unit laryngeal afferent activity was recorded in the nodose ganglion in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. The afferents could be orthodromically activated by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation and antidromically activated from the solitary tract nucleus. An increase in antidromic excitability of laryngeal afferents, which was considered a reflection of primary afferent depolarization, could be induced by either NRM or LC conditioning stimuli and lasted for 300-400 msec. The findings suggest that presynaptic mechanisms may contribute to the suppression of solitary tract neuron or reflex activities induced by NRM or LC stimulation. PMID- 7322436 TI - Transsynaptic retrograde labeling in the oculomotor system of the monkey with [125I]tetanus toxin BIIb fragment. AB - The injection of radioactive [125I]tetanus toxin BIIb fragment into the extraocular eye muscles of monkeys led to strong retrograde labeling of motoneurons. In addition, two patterns of weaker labeling were found: (1) discrete deposits of silver grains associated with cell soma, and (2) diffuse deposits unrelated to cell bodies. The discrete cell soma labeling was found in all areas known to make synaptic contact with the retrogradely filled motoneurons, and is indicative of transsynaptic retrograde transport. The use of tetanus toxin as a transsynaptic retrograde tracer substance is shown here for the first time at the light microscopic level. PMID- 7322437 TI - Early visual deprivation alters modality of neuronal responses in area 19 of monkey cortex. AB - Monkeys deprived on vision during the first year of life by lid suture appear functionally blind after the opening of the eyes, but move actively in familiar surroundings using somesthetic cues. Microelectrode recordings of multiple unit activity in the associative visual cortical area 19 of deprived monkeys indicated that 20% of the neuron groups studies responded only during active somatic exploration. In normal animals all neuron groups studied responses exclusively to visual stimuli, but in the deprived animals only 40% of them did. Visual deprivation alters the synaptic pathways to visual associative cortex enhancing the efficiency of those inputs that can mediate somatic information to this region. PMID- 7322438 TI - Contribution of kinesthesia on human visuomotor elbow tracking movements. AB - The role of peripheral information in smooth motor performance was analyzed in normal subjects and patients with deep sensory disturbance by the modified visually guided tracking method. The subject's task was to make the control cursor match the slowly moving target by elbow flexion movement. Performance of normal subjects was scarcely affected, but that of the patients was deteriorated by the withdrawal of the visual cue for handle movement. It is suggested that afferent information from the moving limb plays an important role in smooth and accurate tracking movements. PMID- 7322439 TI - Behavioral and temperature changes induced by clonidine in the developing rat. AB - Changes in core body temperature and the behavioral activation produced by clonidine were measured in 10-day-old rats at 3 different ambient temperatures (25, 30 and 36 degrees C). Behavioral activation after clonidine is comprised of head raising and rotational movements of the limbs which result in locomotion in open areas and wall climbing if the animal is confronted by a vertical surface. Clonidine enhanced locomotion and wall climbing at all environmental temperatures, but a drug-induced hypothermia was found only in the 25 and 30 degrees C testing conditions. This suggests that the clonidine-induced motor changes are not secondary to a fall in body temperature. In a second experiment the open field responses to clonidine at 25 degrees C were observed in 10-day-old rats pretreated with phentolamine (2 and 15 mg/kg), phenoxybenzamine (2 and 15 mg/kg) or naloxone (0.2 and 2 mg/kg). Phentolamine pretreatment at 15 mg/kg reduced locomotion, wall climbing and attenuated the reduction in core temperature. Phenoxybenzamine at 15 mg/kg only affected the clonidine-induced change in temperature. Thus, it is likely that these behavioral and temperature changes are adrenergically mediated and that the clonidine-induced locomotion and temperature effects may be due to different alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7322440 TI - Electrophysiological properties of tissue-cultured nerve cells from senescent mouse. AB - Nerve cells were isolated from dorsal root ganglia of senescent mouse (C57 black, male) by collagenase and were grown on collagen-coated plastic dishes. The nerve cells extended their neurites and survived for more than 3 weeks in vitro. Intracellular recording with a glass microelectrode revealed that, although their resting membrane potential was small, the tissue-cultured nerve cells recovered membrane excitability after continuous hyperpolarization by DC current passage. Both Na and Ca spikes were elicited in thus hyperpolarized nerve cells. Some nerve cells generated tetrodotoxin-resistant Na spikes. PMID- 7322441 TI - Met-enkephalin uptake by a synaptosome-enriched fraction of rat striatum. AB - We describe the accumulation of tritiated Met-enkephalin by a synaptosome enriched fraction of rat striatum. Specificity of Met-enkephalin uptake was established by thin layer chromatography. This uptake process is dependent on substrate concentration and is inhibited by excess unlabeled peptide. It requires energy; it is inhibited by coincubation with ouabain. PMID- 7322442 TI - Distribution of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in brain, nerve and muscle tissue of Torpedo marmorata. AB - The distribution of multiple molecular esterase forms in brain, electromotor nerve, back muscle and a subcellular synaptosomal fraction from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata was investigated. Each tissue was characterized by a specific pattern of distribution of esterase forms. Electric lobe exhibited a marked difference to the other brain tissues and electric organ, in that it contained predominantly fast sedimenting 17 S acetylcholinesterase. The solubilization properties indicated that the 17 S form is not exclusively associated with basal lamina. The results support the view that location and function of the various molecular esterase forms can vary from tissue and depend on the physiological demands of each system. PMID- 7322443 TI - Interaction of hypertonic NaCl solution and neural stimuli on lateral preoptic neurons. AB - In this paper, the relationship between the septum and the lateral preoptic area (LPO) were demonstrated through an electrophysiological study where the patterns of responses of LPO neurons were classified. It was shown that septal (S) stimulation could induce modifications of LPO neuron responses to hypertonic NaCl, a dipsogenic stimulus. These findings suggest that the septal stimulation may partly alter thirst through a modification of LPO cell responses. PMID- 7322444 TI - Effect of capsaicin on the intraperitoneal axons of the rat trachea. AB - In vitro exposure of specimens of rat trachea to capsaicin at a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) g/ml was followed by a significant increase in the diameter and major changes in the vesicle content of intraepithelial axons with terminals containing a high proportion of large dense-cored vesicles and only scattered small vesicles, but had no effect on axons with terminals containing large numbers of closely-packed small vesicles. Twenty-four hours after in vivo treatment of rats with capsaicin at dose levels of 50 mg/kg, there was a highly significant reduction in the number of axons/unit length in the tracheal epithelium. This was attributed to similar patterns of degeneration of axons with terminals containing a high proportion of large dense-cored vesicles to those seen in the ureter and to the early elimination of the degenerating axons by phagocytosis by the epithelial cells. PMID- 7322445 TI - A combined electrophysiological and [14C] 2-deoxyglucose study of the frequency organization of the inferior colliculus of the cat. AB - Single units were recorded in the inferior colliculus of 3 young cats. A tonotopic sequence of characteristic frequencies (CF) was obtained in response to contralateral stimulation. In each cat Pontamine sky blue was deposited from the recording pipette at the site of a unit with a particular CF. [14C] 2 Deoxyglucose was then injected into the cats, each of whom was presented with tone bursts at a frequency identical with the CF recorded at this site. Selective labelling was found in the contralateral inferior colliculus of each cat and the position of the band of marking coincided with the recording position of the chosen unit. These data demonstrated for the first time that cells in the region of [14C] 2-deoxyglucose marking have the differential physiological properties capable of producing the selective functional labelling. The bands of selective labelling found in response to different frequencies are produced by cells tuned to the particular stimulating frequency. PMID- 7322446 TI - Gradual decay of circadian drinking organization following lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in primates. AB - The circadian organization of squirrel monkey drinking behavior was examined in constant illumination following lesions which totally destroyed the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Although these lesions eventually led to a severe disruption in the temporal organization of drinking behavior, a statistically significant circadian pattern of drinking was observed in each monkey for at least 4-6 weeks after lesioning. PMID- 7322447 TI - Changes of premovement field potentials in the cerebral cortex during learning processes of visually initiated hand movements in the monkey. AB - Field potentials on the surface and in the depth (2.5-3.0) mm from the surface) of several areas of the cerebral cortex were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes and with electronic averaging method, and changes of the potentials preceding visually initiated (reaction) hand movements were observed successively in the time course of leaning the movement in monkeys. Significant potentials in response to the light stimulus were found first in the frontal and occipital association cortices (area 8-10 and 19), and then in the premotor cortex (area 6) on bilateral sides. In the bilateral forelimb motor cortex (area 4), the early surface positive-depth negative premovement potentials became marked after the occurrence of the significant potentials in the frontal and occipital association cortices, and the later surface negative-depth positive premovement potentials mediated by the neocerebellum and the superficial thalamocortical projections emerged later in the forelimb motor cortex contralateral to the moving hand as the monkey became fast and skilled in the movement. Learning processes of the reaction movement were related to such changes of the premovement potentials in the cerebral cortical areas. PMID- 7322448 TI - Effects of quinine on membrane potential and membrane currents in identified neurons of Helix pomatia. AB - In the neurons B1, B2 and B3 of Helix pomatia, a systemic administration of quinine elicited: (1) a depolarization accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance (RM), sometimes preceded by a hyperpolarization associated with a decrease in RM; (2) a diminution in amplitude of action potentials and of afterhyperpolarization; (3) a reversible decrease of the amplitude of the inward current with a shift of the maximum amplitude and of the reversal to more negative potential values; (4) no change in the steady state inactivation curve of the inward current; and (5) a partly irreversible depression of the early outward current and of the late outward currents. PMID- 7322449 TI - Immunological reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against large ganglion cells from bovine retina. AB - This report describes the preparation of a highly specific reagent (monoclonal antibody) that reacts selectively with large ganglion cells of bovine retina. Other cells populations of bovine retina react weakly or not at all, but neurons in brain regions of ox other than retina also bind the immunoglobulins specifically. Species specificity was indicated by a weak reaction with cat and dog retinal neurons, and organ specificity was shown by lack of reaction with bovine liver. This highly specific reagent can be used to classify the subsets of large retinal ganglion cells on the basis of their antigenic properties and to identify neurons in different brains regions that share antigenic determinants. PMID- 7322450 TI - Mauthner axon diameter and impulse conduction velocity decrease with growth of goldfish. AB - Conduction velocities of antidromically evoked impulses along the goldfish Mauthner axon were found to be inversely correlated with body length. To test the hypothesis that such a relation is accompanied by a reduction in axonal diameter with increasing fish size, Mauthner axon diameters were measured. A parabolic relationship with respect to body length was obtained, axonal diameter being maximal in 9.5 cm fish. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a decrease in conduction velocity and axonal size during growth of an organism were functioning of the cell is maintained. PMID- 7322451 TI - Goldfish brain extract induces aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on cultured myotubes: increased activity following optic nerve axotomy. AB - Acetylcholine receptor aggregation-inducing factor(s) is found in goldfish brain extract. The specific activity of the factor(s) is increased during goldfish optic nerve regeneration and peaks at 8 days following the nerve axotomy. It is therefore speculated that this activity is associated with the goldfish visual system plasticity. PMID- 7322452 TI - Inhibition of serotonin synthesis within the medulla and posterior hypothalamus by cardiac vagal afferents during acute myocardial ischemia in the rat. AB - Serotonin synthesis, as estimated by the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan 25 min following aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibition, was measured in the medulla, pons-midbrain and posterior and anterior hypothalamus of rats subjected to left coronary artery ligation and their sham-operated controls. Left coronary artery ligation led to reduction in the rate of serotonin synthesis in the medulla and posterior hypothalamus. The topical administration of lidocaine to the left ventricle or vagotomy completely obviated these occlusion-induced changes. We conclude that there is an inhibition of serotonergic activity in the medulla and posterior hypothalamus after left coronary artery occlusion in the rat. The afferent signal arises from receptors in the ischemic left ventricle and is conducted by the vagus. PMID- 7322453 TI - Microelectrode recordings from transected nerves in amputees with phantom limb pain. AB - Intraneural microelectrode recordings were made from the nerve supplying the phantom area in two patients suffering from phantom limb pain. Spontaneous activity was prominent in both cutaneous and muscle fascicle of the nerves. Tapping the neuromata which accentuated the phantom limb pain, induced afferent discharges with both short and long latencies, the latter from fibres with a conduction velocity of only 0.5 m/sec. Blocking the neuromata with lidocaine completely abolished the tap-induced afferent discharges and the tap-induced accentuation of the phantom pain. The spontaneous pain was, however, unchanged, as was the spontaneous activity recorded. PMID- 7322454 TI - Reinforcing and other behavioral effects of nicotine. AB - Published findings of intravenous nicotine self-injection indicate that the reinforcing properties of nicotine are weak when the drug is made available according to continuous reinforcement (CRF) or fixed-ratio (FR) schedules. CRF self-injection rates are generally only 2-3 times saline control levels and self injection frequency is largely insensitive to changes in unit dose. In contrast, drugs of the psychomotor stimulant, opiate, and sedative-hypnotic classes, with similar pharmacokinetic parameters, maintain much higher self-injection rates and show systematic changes in rate with unit dose variations. Recent studies using interval and second-order schedules of nicotine presentation have been more successful in maintaining higher rates of self-administration behavior. Systematic dose-response functions have also been found under these conditions. Food-deprivation, species and strain differences, circadian rhythms, and duration of exposure to the drug also appear to be important variables in determining self injection rate. Finally, the rapid development of tolerance to the effects of nicotine may account for changes in the pattern of self-administration within daily sessions and the differential sensitivity of those patterns to nicotine pretreatment. PMID- 7322457 TI - Nausea and vomiting after local anesthesia for cataract extraction in elderly female patients -- effect of droperidol premedication. AB - One hundred fifty elderly female patients undergoing cataract extraction were divided into three groups. Fifty patients were premedicated with droperidol, pethidine and atropine; another group of 50 patients with pethidine and atropine. They were operated on under local anesthesia. The control group consisted of 50 patients premedicated with pethidine and atropine, and they were given general anesthesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were registered until noon the next day. Comparison of different groups showed that droperidol decreases the occurrence of postoperative sickness. PMID- 7322456 TI - Short exposure times in argon laser iridotomy. AB - Currently employed techniques utilizing a continuous wave argon laser for the production of peripheral iridotomies in the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma are successful in producing patient iridotomies; however, complications such as corneal, lenticular, and retinal burns have been experienced. We found that a combination of low energy, much shorter exposures and an overlapping stretch pattern also gave a high success ratio in terms of formation of a patent iridotomy while reducing the number of complications for both black and white patients. Highly encouraging was the absence of corneal edema of a severity sufficient to cause an interruption in the treatment. PMID- 7322455 TI - Central sites and mechanisms of action of nicotine. AB - Research conducted in this laboratory over the last ten years has been directed towards determining possible CNS sites and mechanisms by which nicotine is producing its psychopharmacological effects. To accomplish these goals, a drug discrimination paradigm was utilized in which rats were trained to detect nicotine using a two-lever operant procedure. In this situation nicotine acted as a discriminative stimulus (DS) to correct lever responding. In other words rats had to be able to differentiate nicotine's effects from saline in order to obtain a food reinforcement. The ability of nicotine to exert its DS effects appear to be dependent upon a stimulation of central nicotinic-cholinergic receptors which are stereospecific to (-)-nicotine. Interestingly, the nicotine DS could not be mimicked or potentiated by elevating brain acetylcholine levels centrally suggesting that the receptor action was non-cholinergic. Additional studies indicated that nicotine is acting at both reticular formation and hippocampus sites. The hippocampal site of nicotine action also appears to be dependent on a dopamine neuron connection as well. PMID- 7322458 TI - Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for the management of glaucoma associated wih Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - Experience in managing five eyes with glaucoma associated with the Sturge-Weber syndrome is presented. All cases were treated with a combined trabeculotomy trabeculectomy as the primary surgical procedure. A review of the proposed mechanisms involved in the glaucoma of this syndrome is given to provide the reasoning behind the selection of this operation. Although the results of this small series do not prove superiority of this surgical approach over techniques reported by others, we feel that a combined operation of this type offers the most reasonable hope for success, until a more precise understanding of the glaucoma mechanism in this condition is established. PMID- 7322459 TI - Modern eye banking. AB - Ophthalmology has accepted the primary responsibility for supervision and control of the medical aspect of eye banking. Operating within the framework of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the Eye Bank Association of America, Medical Standards have been promulgated which recognize the need for standardization and quality control throughout the eye banking procedures. The role of the Medical Director and the Medical Standards Committee has been strengthened. Challenges to be met include increasing the supply of donor tissue, the development of a statistical data base, research to expand endothelial viability, the incorporation of new technology, and the necessity to develop resources to combat an increasingly hostile financial and political environment in our nation's hospitals. PMID- 7322460 TI - Surgical management of black ball hyphema with sodium hyaluronate. AB - A surgical technique for removing black ball hyphema in a pseudophakic patient is described. Three days after a total postoperative hyphema developed, a solution of sodium hyaluronate, Healon, was injected into the anterior chamber through a 160 degrees limbal cataract incision. Healon dissected the clotted blood off the underlying iris and intraocular lens, maintained the anterior chamber, and expressed the clot in toto out of the eye. Postoperatively the patient had no further bleeding, the intraocular pressure remained normal, the pseudophakos remained clear and well positioned, and the cornea remained clear. PMID- 7322461 TI - Blepharospasm: a surgical procedure for therapy. AB - Seventeen patients with intractable blepharospasm underwent bilateral percutaneous fractional thermolytic destruction of branches of the facial nerve. Thirteen were women and four men; their ages ranged from 46 to 76 years with an average of 62 years. Since local and intravenous analgesia were used, the patients were awake and cooperative, resulting in minimal complications. In this series, patients had an average improvement of 69%. Minimal scarring results from the percutaneous route and these patients may undergo staged procedures for further relief of their symptoms. PMID- 7322462 TI - Vulnerability of the rabbit eye to torsion and pulling-out -- a functional study, monitored by ERG and VECP. PMID- 7322463 TI - Congenital rotary nystagmus associated with head turning successful surgical management. AB - congenital nystagmus is a rhythmic ocular oscillation usually in the horizontal plane which may be associated with a significant head turn, tilt, or tip to achieve maximal damping of eye movements and improved vision. Purely rotary congenital nystagmus associated with head turn is unusual. This report outlines findings in a case of congenital rotary nystagmus with a functionally significant 30-degree head turn and describes successful surgical management. Current management of patients with congenital mystagmus is discussed. PMID- 7322464 TI - A simple base plate for stabilization of older Weck operating microscopes. PMID- 7322465 TI - Basal cell epithelioma: an unusual case. AB - A 59-year-old Caucasian male presented with a darkly pigmented inner canthal tumor with a six-month history of rapid growth. Histopathologic examination demonstrated to be a pigmented basal cell epithelioma. While basal cell epitheliomas of the eyelids are common ophthalmic disorders, pigmented lesions are unusual. Pigmented basal cell epitheliomas pose a difficulty in clinical diagnosis because of their resemblance to melanomas and pigmented nevi. The differential diagnosis and treatment of this lesion is reviewed. PMID- 7322466 TI - Lentigo maligna of the lateral canthal skin. AB - An elderly patient with a large, acquired macular pigmented lesion on the skin of the left lateral canthus is described. Clinically, the lesion was consistent with lentigo maligna and total excision was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed atypically melanocytic proliferation at the dermal-epidermal junction without dermal invasion. The premalignant nature of this lesion is discussed as well as the clinical diagnostic clues. A brief review is given of the different types of cutaneous melanoma and prognostic factors, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 7322467 TI - Pilomatrixoma (benign calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe). AB - A 24-year-old white man had a large subcutaneous discolored tumefaction of the right lower lid, successfully treated by two separate incision and drainage procedures. Microscopic appearance initially suggested basal cell epithelioma, but further studies provided a correct diagnosis of pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe). This lesion probably represents aberrant primitive germ cells differentiating towards a hair matrix cell. Basaloid and squamoid (shadow) cells with or without focal calcifications in shadow cell areas are typical, and the clinical presentation is also highly suggestive of pilomatrixoma. PMID- 7322468 TI - Phakomatous choristoma of the lower eyelid with psammoma body formation: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A firm, round tissue mass, measuring approximately 12 mm in diameter, was excised from a 5-month-old boy who had a history of a gradually enlarging swelling in the left lower nasal eyelid since birth. Histologically and ultrastructurally, the lesion appeared benign and was composed of a dense connective tissue stroma in which nests, lobules, tubules, cords, and sheets of large, pale-staining cuboidal and elongated epithelial cells were surrounded by an irregular, thick PAS positive basement membrane having focal excrescences. The interior of the epithelial islands contained "bladder" cells, cellular debris, granuloamorphous material, and foci of dystrophic calcification; an unusual feature of the lesion was the formation of numerous psammoma bodies. Tumors of lenticular anlage are rare and probably result due to displacement of migration of the inferior lens placode cells; alternatively, it may originate from an additional locus of lens vesicle in the primitive surface ectoderm of the lower lid. The lesion enlarges because of the differentiation of the ectopic lenticular cells in an abortive attempt to form a lens within the extraocular and mesodermal environment of the lid. PMID- 7322469 TI - Conjunctival pigmentation associated with tetracycline medication. AB - A 26-year-old man had been treated for acne vulgaris with tetracycline and minocycline orally for 12 years. He developed dark brown to black pigmentary deposits in the palpebral conjunctiva bilaterally. These deposits resembled those seen in epinephrine pigmentation of the conjunctiva. Histologically the pigmented deposits were concretions in conjunctival cysts. Although they contained calcium, the concretions displayed the characteristic yellow autofluorescence of tetracycline under ultraviolet light. Presumably, tetracycline had formed extracellular chelation complexes with calcium, thus accounting for the pigmentation of the conjunctiva. PMID- 7322470 TI - Iododerma of the conjunctiva and skin. AB - A 60-year-old white woman developed lesions of the conjunctiva and skin consistent with iododerma. Excision and examination of one of the skin lesions and the conjunctival lesion disclosed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The remaining lesions disappeared with cessation of iodide. We review the clinical and histopathologic features of the halodermas and discuss the ocular manifestations of iodide hypersensitivity. Recognition may require exceedingly careful testing, but such care is necessary because fatal cases of iododerma have occurred. PMID- 7322471 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene immunotherapy of recurrent squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva. AB - Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) immunotherapy of a recurrent conjunctival papilloma was employed successfully in a 24-year-old man. Previous attempts at electrocautery, surgical excision, and cryosurgery met without success. The tumor response to DNCB therapy resulted in total eradication of the tumor and represents a more successful modality than previous treatments. Poor patient compliance, variable patient immune mechanisms, and tumor size may influence the variable patient immune mechanisms, and tumor size may influence the fate and type of response to DNCb immunotherapy. DNCB therapy should be considered in the treatment of conjunctival papillomas refractory to conventional modes of therapy. PMID- 7322472 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva with intraocular invasion. AB - A 70-year-old man developed intraocular invasion from a recurrent tumor of the nasal perilimbal conjunctiva of the right eye six months after the original tumor had been resected. Examination of the enucleated right globe disclosed massive invasion of the nasal one-half of the anterior segment by a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. The neoplasm demonstrated mainly epidermoid features, including the production of a substantial amount of intraocular keratin. However, a segment of tumor along and within the iris stroma showed almost exclusively mucus-secretory features with a mucinous material within individual tumor cells and cysts lined by tumor cells. The original biopsy specimen demonstrated only the epidermoid and not the mucoid component of the carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva appears to be more locally aggressive than conventional squamous cell carcinoma as is characterized by its tendency for early recurrence associated with a high incidence of intraocular and orbital invasion. PMID- 7322473 TI - Unilateral central corneal epithelial dysplasia. AB - A unilateral, apparently nonfamilial disease process affecting the interpalpebral portion of the corneal epithelium is reported. The patient, a 62-year-old man, was in good general health; he had no disease of the skin or mucous membranes and no history of trauma. Severe intermittent discomfort of the left eye had been present for several months. Corneal epithelial scrapings were performed on two occasions with a one-year interval, the condition having recurred during the intervening months. Material from both biopsy specimens showed dysplasia of the epithelium with foci of acantholysis and dyskeratosis and features of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopic findings included intracytoplasmic desmosomes, conspicuous thickened tonofibrils, irregular convoluted cytoplasmic membranes, and dyskeratotic bodies. PMID- 7322474 TI - Rheumatoid scleritis. AB - A 59-year-old black female with rheumatoid arthritis developed diffuse anterior scleritis with orbital and adnexal involvement. Computerized axial tomograhy (CAT) demonstrated the location and extent of the lesion. Biopsy of subconjunctival tissue revealed a rheumatoid nodule, characterized by granulomatous inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis. The patient improved rapidly on large doses of systemic corticosteroids. The relationship of scleritis to rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. The histopathologic features of rheumatoid scleritis, its apppearance on the CAT scan, and the management of this disease are also presented. PMID- 7322475 TI - Squamous epithelial implantation cyst of the iris. AB - A case of an iris implantation cyst was managed by penetrating keratoplasty and iridocyclectomy. The histology and electron microscopy of the cysts are described as well as the clinical histories and photographs of six additional cases. The potential complications of iris implantation cysts are iritis, cataracts, glaucoma, and decreased vision. Since ruptured cysts can cause an epithelial downgrowth, in toto removal was indicated in this case. PMID- 7322476 TI - Epithelial implantation cyst of the iris. AB - Following a penetrating eye injury, a 12-year-old girl presented with an enlarging epithelial cyst of the iris. The cyst was excised completely. Epithelial cysts arise after injury or operation from implantation or ingrowth of corneal or conjunctival epithelium. The cyst wall is composed of corneal or conjunctival epithelium, and the cyst contents may be clear or turbid. While generally more benign than the sheet-like epithelial ingrowth, cysts may lead to visual loss by growth into the visual axis, effects upon the lens, or by causing uveitis and glaucoma. Although excision is the preferred treatment, therapeutic alternatives include photocoagulation and chemical cautery. PMID- 7322477 TI - Adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the ciliary body. PMID- 7322478 TI - Intraocular gnathostomiasis. PMID- 7322479 TI - Metastatic tumor to the retina and vitreous cavity from primary melanoma of the skin: treatment with systemic and subconjunctival chemotherapy. AB - The cases of two young women with metastatic tumors to the retinas and vitreous cavities from primary melanoma of the skin are discussed. Each presented with 20/20 central visual acuity in both eyes and complaints of floaters related to singularly unusual golden brown cellular aggregates infiltrating the vitreous cavities. Some cells appeared to be emanating from the region of the optic nerves whereas others appeared to originate from the superficial retina, presumably from the retinal vessels. The cellular aggregates were comprised of malignant melanoma cells as determined by histocytology of a vitrectomy specimen in one case and an aqueous aspirate in the other. The clinical appearance of cellular aggregates in the form of regular spherules should alert the clinician to the possibility of malignant rather than inflammatory cellular infiltration. The combined administration of repeated systemic and subconjunctival DTIC in case 1 and BCNU in case 2 was unsuccessful in promoting tumor regression. Histology of one eye, removed because of uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma, revealed numerous melanoma cells in the superficial retina and adjacent vitreous. PMID- 7322480 TI - Ocular toxocariasis presenting as leukocoria in a patient with low ELISA titer to Toxocara canis. AB - A 4-year-old white female presented with leukocoria of the right eye. White punctate lesions were observed posterior to the retrolental membrane, which suggested retinoblastoma of some examiners. A full history, physical examination, ultrasonography, and CT scan failed to rule the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in or out. A serum ELISA titer was 1:4, which was considered nondiagnostic. Examination of the enucleated eye revealed a midsegment of the second stage larva of Toxocara canis. The strengths and weaknesses of various diagnostic modalities used to differentiate leukocoria caused by retinoblastoma and T canis are discussed. PMID- 7322481 TI - Lange's folds: a meaningful ocular artifact. AB - Lange's fold is a postmortem artifact seen in enucleated eyes of infants and young humans. We also demonstrate its presence in young monkey eyes obtained at autopsy, but did not find it in the eyes of fetal monkeys removed by cesarean section and immediately preserved by freezing. The artifact is thought to occur in autopsy eyes due to the vitreous base and posterior lens zonules exerting traction upon the periphery of the retina. In the eyes of older humans the peripheral retina is firmly bound down to the subjacent retinal pigment epithelium following the loss of peripheral photoreceptors, and thus, Lange's fold cannot develop. Peripheral cystoid retinal degeneration was also noted in early infancy, became more prevalent with age, and was almost always noted by age 8 years. PMID- 7322482 TI - von Hippel-Lindau disease: angiomatosis of the retina and central nervous system. AB - von Hippel-Lindau disease is a phakomatosis that is characterized by multiple angiomatous hamartomas located in the retina, central nervous system (CNS),and visceral organs. Retinal angiomas causing blindness and CNS angiomas causing death are familiar consequences of this disease. In certain cases, early detection and treatment of these lesions may prevent their disastrous effects. Since this disease is considered to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, the physician should initiate a systematic examination of all the patient's family members. PMID- 7322483 TI - Benign peripheral nerve tumor of the choroid: a clinicopathologic correlation and review of the literature. AB - A 30-year-old white male was found to have a small, nonpigmented choroidal tumor in the temporal portion of the macula in the left eye. A diagnosis of choroidal melanoma was made, based on the clinical appearance, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, and growth of the tumor. In spite of treatment with a cobalt plaque, the tumor continued to grow, and the eye was enucleated. Histopathologic study revealed a benign peripheral nerve tumor of the choroid, presumably a neurilemoma (Schwannoma). A correlation between clinical features, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, light microscopy, and electron microscopy is presented, and the literature on solitary peripheral nerve tumors of the uveal tract is reviewed. PMID- 7322484 TI - A reappraisal of the origin of human extraocular muscles. AB - It has previously been suggested that extraocular muscles develop from mesoderm surrounding the head cavities and grow anteriorly into the orbit. A reappraisal of 54 specimens ranging in size from 8 mms to term indicates that human extraocular muscles develop from the mesoderm within the orbit and that these muscles do not develop from the apex of the orbit and grow anteriorly. Furthermore, the origin, belly, and insertion of the extraocular muscles develop contemporaneously, and each individual muscle develops at the same time. The morphogenesis of extraocular muscles includes the stages of mesenchymal cell, early myoblasts cells, myoblast cell, fusion of myoblast cell, myotube cell, and mature muscle cell. PMID- 7322485 TI - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the orbit. AB - An 11-month-old white female with a three-month history of swelling of soft tissue around the right eye presented with a proptotic globe and marked limitation of motility. A CT scan showed a soft-tissue mass in the orbit, which was biopsied and examined by light and electron microscopy. The specimen consisted of large polygonal and cuboidal cells of uniform appearance arranged in pseudo-alveoli around capillaries. The nuclei were pale and ovoid with prominent nucleoli and rare mitoses. The cytoplasm was packed with lipid droplets and the paranuclear region contained clusters of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase-resistant granules and needle-shaped crystals, which showed a linear periodicity of 100 nm by electron microscopy. These cytoplasmic crystals, which were diagnostic for alveolar soft-part sarcoma, were also found to be acid phosphatase-positive and, therefore, components of the lysosomal system. A lid sparing exenteration of the right orbit was performed, and subsequent radiation therapy by cesium implant delivered 24,000 rads to the operative site. The patient is alive at 22 months following initial biopsy with no evidence of tumor recurrence. PMID- 7322486 TI - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the eye and adnexae: a report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Three cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the ocular structures are presented. Each of these tumors clinically simulated a more common ocular entity, thus causing diagnostic difficulty. The first patient had a metastatic tumor to the eyelid that clinically simulated a large chalazion. The second patient had a choroidal tumor with clinical features and ancillary studies strongly suggestive of a primary choroidal melanoma. The third patient presented with unilateral proptosis secondary to an orbital mass that was clinically believed to be a cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. In each case, there was a long interval between the ocular metastasis, which represented the first sign of metastatic disease. PMID- 7322487 TI - Intraosseous orbital cavernous hemangioma. PMID- 7322488 TI - A clinicopathologic study of a cartilaginous hamartoma of the orbit: a rare cause of proptosis. PMID- 7322489 TI - Giant cell (reparative) granuloma of the orbit. AB - Clinically and histologically, there exists considerable controversy as to what constitutes a giant cell tumor. There is an increasing awareness that the term giant cell tumors should not be used indiscriminately in describing lesions of the mandible, maxilla, and facial bones which contain multinucleated giant cells. This paper reports a rare case of giant cell reparative granuloma of the orbit. The differentiation between giant cell reparative granuloma and the true giant cell tumor is discussed and a description of the visual symptomatology associated with these lesions of th sphenoid bone is presented. These tumors must be removed completely to prevent recurrence. PMID- 7322490 TI - Some comments on Chinese ophthalmology. PMID- 7322491 TI - Induced ocular hypertension prior to enucleation for choroidal melanoma. PMID- 7322492 TI - Keratomileusis for myopia and aphakia. PMID- 7322493 TI - Morphological variations in corneal endothelium following keratophakia and keratomileusis. AB - We studied in vivo endothelial cell morphology, using the specular microscope, in both eyes of 31 patients who underwent refractive keratoplasty at the Clinica Barraquer. The postoperative cell density following myopic and hypermetropic keratomileusis was reduced when compared to preoperative figures in the same eye or unoperated fellow eye. The reduction was greatest when hypermetropic keratomileusis was combined with cataract extraction at the same procedure. None of the cases developed structural abnormalities or sequelae of inflammatory reaction, such as precipitates on the endothelium. PMID- 7322494 TI - Preliminary study of keratomileusis in primates (Macaca speciosa). AB - Keratomileusis was investigated in five stumptail monkey eyes (Macaca speciosa). An arbitrary flattening of six diopters was selected and programmed in the computer for each eye. The actual flattening achieved two weeks after surgery ranged from -4.00 D to -6.00 diopters (D). One to 5 diopters of the initial effect was lost during the six-month observation period. Histopathology of two eyes demonstrated attenuation and/or loss of Bowman's membrane with overlying epithelial defects. PMID- 7322495 TI - A clinical investigation of the surgical correction of myopia by the method of Fyodorov. AB - The surgical correction of myopia using the method of Fyodorov known as radial keratotomy consists of 16 partial thickness, radial incisions in the cornea, which result in central flattening and peripheral bulging, reducing the degree of myopia. The purpose of this investigation was to determine: (1) the amount of myopia correctable; (2) the time required for stabilization of corneal curvature changes; (3) the degree to which the variables affect the results; (4) the surgical and postoperative complications; and (5) patient motivation and satisfaction. Preliminary results revealed a significant reduction of the myopia. The keratometry readings and refractive correction required appeared to stabilize by the third month. Fluctuating vision and increased glare were the most frequent complications encountered. The preliminary results of 20 cases followed for six months postradial keratotomy are reported. PMID- 7322496 TI - Radial keratotomy in fresh human cadaver eyes. AB - Radial keratotomy in fresh human cadaver eyes produced corneal flattening varying from 6 to 11 diopters (D). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the incisions to the incisions to the limbus compared to incisions through the limbus. Eighty to ninety percent of the flattening effect was obtained after the first eight incisions. The preoperative keratotomy reading was not helpful in predicting the final result. Histopathology of the incised corneas revealed considerable variation in incision depth and demonstrates the difficulty in achieving deep incisions safely. PMID- 7322497 TI - Preliminary report of Los Alamos Keratoplasty Techniques. AB - We have found that intrastromal diathermy heat to the cornea spares the epithelium and endothelium, while preferentially allowing contraction of the midstromal corneal collagen. Extensive animal studies have demonstrated a potentially useful dosage range for primate corneal diathermy. We have initiated cautious preliminary human studies utilizing the Los Alamos Keratoplasty unit in the last 12 months to reshape the corneas of keratoconus patients who were referred for penetrating keratoplasty. The steepest area of the cone may be flattened from 4 to 57 diopters, thereby allowing a return to contact lens use. We recommend the technique of Los Alamos Keratoplasty as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in patients who have been successful in contact lens wear, but whose cone progression precludes continued satisfactory fitting. The procedure appears effective in this preliminary study. The eventual safety and long-them efficacy of this experimental keratorefractive surgical technique requires extensive further study. PMID- 7322498 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to thimerosal in soft contact lens wearers. AB - Thirty-eight patients were examined because of ocular redness, irritation, and corneal changes apparently related to soft contact lens wear. The corneal changes were transient and ranged from faint epithelial opacities to a coarse, punctate epithelial keratopathy. Solutions containing thimerosal had been used by all of the patients for lens care, and 31 responded to an ocular challenge with a thimerosal-preserved lens lubricant. Twenty-seven of these 31 also reacted to thimerosal patch testing. The 31 resumed lens wear with relief of symptoms by using unit-dose, preservative-free saline for lens storage and thermal disinfection. A hypersensitivity to thimerosal was assumed responsible for the clinical findings. PMID- 7322499 TI - Rubeola keratitis. AB - Twenty-seven young adult patients with rubeola were evaluated during the acute contagious phase of their disease. Koplik's spots were present in all patients. Conjunctivitis was present in 15 of the 27 (56%), and photophobia was present in 14 of the 27 (52%). Bilateral epithelial keratitis was present in all 27 patients. This keratitis, in otherwise healthy young adults, as in healthy children, was a benign process and required no medical therapy. The epithelial lesions were very slow to resolve completely and continued to be seen at the slit lamp after the patients had become asymptomatic. Ophthalmologists may be more involved in the future in diagnosing the ocular lesions of measles (and in making the initial diagnosis of rubeola) because of the changing nature of the susceptible population group in the United States. PMID- 7322500 TI - Decision-making in the management of microbial keratitis. AB - The successful management of suppurative microbial keratitis requires five steps: (1) make the clinical diagnosis, (2) perform the proper laboratory procedures, (3) initiate antimicrobial therapy, (4) modify the initial therapy, and (5) terminate therapy. The most helpful guidelines to decision-making in these steps are: (1) the clinical impression, (2) severity of keratitis, (3) results of laboratory studies, (4) disease potential of the responsible organism, and (5) effectiveness and toxicity of various antimicrobial agents. Selection of initial antibiotics ideally should be directed by interpretation of the corneal smears. The preferred initial antibiotic for keratitis caused by a Gram-positive coccus is cefazolin; for a Gram-negative rod, gentamicin; and for a filamentous fungi or yeast, natamycin. Broad, antibacterial therapy should be reserved for suspected bacterial keratitis with negative smears or for severe infections with antecedent treatment. Miconazole may be an effective, alternate agent in fungal keratitis. The safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in microbial keratitis have not been established. PMID- 7322501 TI - Effect of contact lens wear on the conjunctival mucous system. AB - Biopsy specimens from the upper tarsal conjunctiva of 20 contact lens wearers with a clinically evident increase in mucus and ten non-lens wearing subjects were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to determine the effect of contact lens wear on the mucous cell system(s). Three types of crypts associated with mucous secretion were found in all specimens: those with intracellular openings (type I, 0.1 to 0.2 mum) associated with non-goblet mucous secretory cells; those with small intercellular openings (type II, 1 to 2 mum) usually associated with goblet cells, and those with intraepithelial and intrastromal crypts with large intercellular openings (type III, 10 to 60 mum) lined with goblet and non-goblet mucous secretory cells. Contact lens wearers had increased numbers of non-goblet cells with mucous secretory vesicles lining the surface of the conjunctiva and the epithelial infoldings of type III crypts than did the normal subjects. We conclude that increased mucous secretion in contact lens wearers is associated with an increased number of cells and number of secretory vesicles involved in the non goblet cell mucous system. PMID- 7322502 TI - Endophthalmitis in aphakic patients with unplanned filtering blebs wearing contact lenses. AB - Four female patients with known unplanned filtering blebs following cataract surgery developed endophthalmitis, two weeks to 30 months after being fit with corneal contact lenses. Three patients were wearing hard contact lenses and one wore a soft lens. Significant blepharoconjunctivitis was present and treated in two patients, but intraocular infection was not averted. When endophthalmitis was diagnosed, all patients had clinical evidence of a bleb infection as well as hypopyon. Despite aggressive medical therapy, two eyes required enucleation while two eyes survived with good vision. We recommend that eyes that have unplanned filtering blebs following cataract surgery should not have a contact lens inserted until the blebs have been closed. PMID- 7322503 TI - Blinking and the mechanics of the lacrimal drainage system. AB - High-speed photography, using picture rates up to 500/sec, has confirmed many key aspects of the tear drainage process reported over the years by various investigators. The punctal openings are seen to elevate themselves from the lid margin at the start of the closing phase of the blink, allowing their forceful meeting and occlusion by the time the closing lid is halfway down. Completion of lid closure then compresses the canaliculi and lacrimal sac, forcing contained fluid through the drainage system. The elastic expansion of the channels during the opening phase of the blink forms a suction, holding the lid margins at the punctal region together as the lids open. During the latter part of this opening, the punctal areas are seen to "pop' apart suddenly as the vacuum is broken, and tear fluid from the marginal tear strips is drawn into the puncta in the first few seconds following the blink. PMID- 7322505 TI - Basal and reflex human tear analysis. II. Chemical analysis: lactoferrin and lysozyme. AB - Unstimulated basal tears and stimulated tears were collected from normal controls, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients, and contact lens (CL) wearers. Basal tear volume (Periopaper) and reflex tear volume (Schirmer Strip) were measured and tears eluted from their respective strip with a TMED-acetic acid buffer. Lactoferrin and lysozyme concentrations were measured in the eluates. Concentration of lysozyme in basal tears was: 65 +/- 43 mg% in normals; 44 +/- 26 mg% in KCS, and 81 +/- 50 mg% in CL wearers. Concentration of lysozyme in reflex tears was: 160 +/- 73 mg% in normals, 74 +/- 41 mg% in KCS, and 186 +/- 83 mg% in CL wearers. Concentration of lactoferrin in basal tears was 137 +/- 102 mg% in normals, 154 +/- 82 mg% in KCS, and 157 +/- 80 mg% in CL wearers. Concentrations of lactoferrin in reflex tears was: 327 +/- 187 mg% in normals; 171 +/- 69 mg% in KCS, and 302 +/- 160 mg% in CL wearers. The lactoferrin concentration in all tear samples was consistently higher (1.6-3.5 times) than lysozyme. In basal tears, lactoferrin concentrations were not significantly different in the three groups. In reflex tears, however, lactoferrin was significantly lower in KCS than normal or CL wearers. The concentration of lysozyme in both basal and reflex tears was significantly lower in the KCS when compared to normal or CL wearers. Lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in both basal and reflex tears were similar in CL wearers and normal controls. The sampling and elution of basal and reflex tears as described appears to be a feasible technique for analysis of lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations by the electroimmunodiffusion technique and has potential diagnostic value. PMID- 7322504 TI - Basal and reflex human tear analysis. I. Physical measurements: osmolarity, basal volumes, and reflex flow rate. AB - Minimally stimulated, retained "basal' tears and stimulated reflex tears were collected from normal controls, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients, and contact lens (CL) wearers. Basal tear samples were collected on small filter paper strips (Periopaper) over a five-second period, and volume was measured by means of an electronic device (Periotron). Collected basal tear volumes for KCS patients (0.84 +/- 0.42 mul) were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than normal controls (1.18 +/- 0.36) and CL wearers (1.24 +/- 0.27). Reflex tear flow rates were measured over a five-minute period on Schirmer strips. Volume was calculated by comparison of wet length with known volumes of 1% egg white lysozyme solution. The reflex tear flow rates in KCS patients (3.29 +/- 3.57 mul/minute) were significantly lower than normal controls (5.71 +/- 5.86) and CL wearers (6.96 +/- 6.07). The elevation in CL wearers was not statistically significant when compared to normals. KCS patients are deficient in both basal and reflex tears compared to normals but have a more significant deficiency of basal tears. Female normals and CL wearers over 40 years of age have a higher tear osmolarity than those under 41 years of age. Female KCS patients over 40 years of age have a tear osmolarity that is not significantly different from female KCS patients under 41 years of age. PMID- 7322506 TI - Granulomatous conjunctivitis secondary to Treponema pallidum. PMID- 7322507 TI - Symposium on management of upper limb amputations. PMID- 7322508 TI - General considerations in managing upper limb amputations. AB - Amputation is an unpleasant affair, generating a very negative aura that must be consciously combated. It requires the same careful consideration, planning, and technical skills required by any reparative hand surgery. For optimal care, the surgeon needs not only to be comprehensively trained in hand surgery but also to be knowledgeable about prosthetic possibilities and to appreciate the psychological impact on the patient. Thoughtful and concerned management can do much to reduce the loss in a global sense, and the only measure of success is how well the patient is reintegrated into normal life. PMID- 7322509 TI - Surgery of hand and finger amputations. AB - The management of upper limb amputations is an important part of the practice of surgery of the hand. Reattachment of parts has opened dramatic new potentials, but elective amputation and wound closure after traumatic loss remain frequent and important operations. The negative aura surrounding these unpleasant events favors their quick disposition, but they demand the same measured judgement, technical skill, and concern that any reparative hand operation requires. Many basic surgical principles related to amputation are well established and must be followed. The difference in surgery under war conditions and civilian practice, where careful surveillance is possible, must be appreciated. Secondary procedures must be proposed on the basis of very careful study of the circumstances and the needs of each patient, above all avoiding unrealistic attempts at reconstruction. The aesthetics and the psychological impact cannot be ignored. Success can be measured only by the patient's recovery in a global sense, that is, how well he or she resumes normal life. PMID- 7322510 TI - The surgery of arm and forearm amputations. PMID- 7322511 TI - Krukenberg's operation. PMID- 7322512 TI - The versatile second toe microvascular transfer. PMID- 7322513 TI - Reconstruction by autogenous toe transplantations for total hand amputation. PMID- 7322514 TI - The rational selection of treatment for upper extremity amputations. PMID- 7322515 TI - Present indications and contraindications for replantation as reflected by long term functional results. AB - It is evident that the independent experiences of these hand surgery units in three completely different parts of the world are remarkable similar. For the most part, one can readily account for the differences reported on the basis of interpretations of such vague terms of evaluation as "good" or "poor" and on case selection, which is often dictated by local cultural considerations. For example, a hand with some useful prehension placed on an extremely shortened arm may be most welcome to a Chinese patient, whereas a hand attached to the humerus may be looked upon as grotesque in the Western cultures an so be psychologically devastating. Yet, such differences are minor compared with the common pattern of experience that clearly exists and upon which conclusions can be based for formulating some general guidelines. Indications for upper limb reattachments at this time are neither absolute nor static. They are relative, dynamic, and surely will change as experience increases and techniques become even more refined. Success must not be equated with tissue survival but measured only in terms of what the effort has done for the patient in a global sense. As yet, completely satisfactory system for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not chastem for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not chastem for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not change. PMID- 7322516 TI - Basic technical considerations in reattachment surgery. AB - Replantation surgery offers a rewarding challenge for one to apply basic biologic and functional concepts to deal with an infinite variety of amputation problems. Although there is an obvious requirement for technical skill, there is no place for stereotype procedures. Often the exact plan of treatment cannot be determined until debridement is completed, so by taking on the responsibility to manage these problems one must have not only fine technical skills but also a thorough knowledge and comprehensive experience in hand surgery, Upper limb amputations are complex and difficult compound hand injuries involving not only the vascular system but the bone, tendon, nerve, muscle, and skin as well. To entertain the concept that upper limb amputations are simply microvascular problems is indicative of a complete lack of comprehension of the realities of the situation. Every hand surgeon must add the ability to perform microsurgical techniques to his or her technical armamentarium, but to endorse the concept of a microsurgeon is bad for medicine and counter to both reality and concerned patient care. PMID- 7322517 TI - Upper extremity replantation in children. PMID- 7322518 TI - Problems in the evaluation of results from replantation surgery. PMID- 7322519 TI - Organization for upper limb reattachment surgery. PMID- 7322520 TI - Engineering of upper limb prostheses. PMID- 7322521 TI - Active and carrier-tool prostheses for upper limb amputations. PMID- 7322522 TI - The aesthetic hand prosthesis. AB - The high-quality aesthetic prosthesis can be equally helpful to those with acquired amputation and to those whose loss is due to agenesis. Restoring near normal appearance improves patients' function in a global sense, enabling them to better utilize what they have in the complex socioeconomic environment of today's mobile society. The aesthetic prosthesis often also gives some prehensile assistance, providing an opposition part for remaining digits or thumb. The needs of each patient must be carefully considered, and the prosthesis must conform to the high standards of quality outlined. Its use is primarily for the unilateral amputee who is making a good adjustment to the loss with realistic expectations. PMID- 7322523 TI - Management of bilateral upper limb amputees. PMID- 7322524 TI - Management of congenital and acquired amputation in children. PMID- 7322525 TI - [Indications for restoration of the nerves of the hand and fingers]. PMID- 7322526 TI - [Nature and classification of posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7322527 TI - [Pigmented villonodular synovitis]. PMID- 7322529 TI - [Treatment of habitual posterior shoulder dislocations]. PMID- 7322528 TI - [Fatigue fracture of the pelvic bones in a female patient following bilateral total hip joint replacement by the Sivash method]. PMID- 7322530 TI - [Classification of multiple injuries of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 7322532 TI - [Angular osteotomy of the shoulder stump and prosthesis]. PMID- 7322533 TI - [The author's personal method of juxtaposition and osteosynthesis of femoral neck fragments]. PMID- 7322531 TI - [Chondromyxoid fibroma with subtotal tibial involvement]. PMID- 7322534 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries to the tibiofibular syndesmosis]. PMID- 7322535 TI - [Conservative treatment of children with cerebral spastic paralysis]. PMID- 7322536 TI - [Corundum ceramics and the prospects for their use in restorative bone and joint surgery]. PMID- 7322537 TI - [Results of a discussion on the problem of improving the recording of accidents, poisonings and trauma]. PMID- 7322539 TI - [Surgical treatment of mitral valve failure: late results of artificial valve implantation (report of the heart surgery team of Szeged, 1966-1979)]. PMID- 7322538 TI - [Combined analgesia in multiple trauma patients]. PMID- 7322540 TI - [Effect of obstetric drugs on the oxygen-induced contraction of the ductus arteriosus in the rabbit fetus]. PMID- 7322541 TI - [Prevention of alopecia, induced by cytostatic drugs, using hypothermia on the scalp]. PMID- 7322542 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of Doppler ultrasonic examination in chronic obliterative arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7322543 TI - [Ovarian cysts and tumors in childhood]. PMID- 7322544 TI - [Inherited pericentric inversion of the chromosome 1 associated with male infertility]. PMID- 7322545 TI - [Possibilities of microsurgery in traumatology]. PMID- 7322546 TI - [Replantation of amputated fingers]. PMID- 7322547 TI - [The "non-stress test" as a new examination method in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7322548 TI - [Surgical management of pharyngeal, laryngeal, tracheal and esophageal injuries and strictures caused by caustic lye solution]. PMID- 7322549 TI - [Primary melanoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 7322550 TI - [Current nosology of endogenous depression]. PMID- 7322551 TI - [The dilemma of depression]. PMID- 7322552 TI - [Complying with modern maternal-child health requirements in Baranya County (1970 80)]. PMID- 7322553 TI - [In loco typico fractures of the distal forearm with special reference to delayed therapy]. PMID- 7322554 TI - [Non-parasitic splenic cyst in childhood]. PMID- 7322556 TI - [Subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 7322555 TI - [Effect of parenteral allopurinol therapy in the management of severe illness in children requiring intensive care]. PMID- 7322557 TI - [Effect of furosemide on kidney function in premature infants]. PMID- 7322558 TI - [Thyroid changes caused by irradiation of a cervical hemangioma]. PMID- 7322559 TI - [Nail-patella syndrome (hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia)]. PMID- 7322560 TI - [Sonographic image of partial molar pregnancy]. PMID- 7322561 TI - [Familial heart block]. PMID- 7322562 TI - [Impotence following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with testicular tumors]. PMID- 7322563 TI - [Trichomoniasis in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 7322564 TI - [Recurrent deep vein thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7322565 TI - [Surgical management of a tumor involving the entire lower lip and cheek]. PMID- 7322566 TI - [Neonatal mass screening and individual diagnosis of galactosemia, guidelines for patient care]. PMID- 7322567 TI - [Life expectancy of patients operated on for stomach cancer]. PMID- 7322568 TI - [Socialization problems within the family causing neurotic disorders]. PMID- 7322569 TI - [Experiences at a sexologic clinic]. PMID- 7322570 TI - [Correlation of clinical and hemodynamic indices in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7322571 TI - [Ischemic colitis, a case report]. PMID- 7322572 TI - [Poison hemlock]. PMID- 7322573 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7322574 TI - [Relationship between fetal movements as counted by the pregnant woman and selected clinical data]. PMID- 7322575 TI - [Treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer]. PMID- 7322577 TI - [Lyell syndrome in a patient with Cushing disease]. PMID- 7322576 TI - [Non-traumatic perforations of the small intestine]. PMID- 7322578 TI - [Changes in the conductivity of the coronary vascular network in diabetes mellitus under the effect of cathecholamines and sympathetic stimulation]. PMID- 7322579 TI - [Comments on the practice of preoperative pediatric examinations preceding tonsillectomies]. PMID- 7322580 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic significance of intraoperative cholangioscopy]. PMID- 7322581 TI - [Nitroblue tetrazolium reaction and phagocytosis in communicable diseases]. PMID- 7322582 TI - [Telemetric study of the atrioventricular conduction system]. PMID- 7322583 TI - [Natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in the aged]. PMID- 7322585 TI - [The Museum of Medicine in Bergen]. PMID- 7322584 TI - [Isolated sacral myeloradiculitis causing urinary retention (Elsberg syndrome)]. PMID- 7322586 TI - [Syncumar or low doses of heparin in the prevention of thromboembolism in acute myocardial infarct?]. PMID- 7322588 TI - Statute of limitations means 'be reasonable'. PMID- 7322587 TI - Obscure causes of sexual dysfunction. PMID- 7322589 TI - [Experiences in the diagnosis and therapy of neurogenic bladder emptying disorders]. PMID- 7322590 TI - [Determination of anorectal pressure profiles in children with myelodysplasia]. PMID- 7322592 TI - [Results of a survey on the frequency and degree of medical treatment of children with myelodysplasia in East Germany]. PMID- 7322591 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of myelodysplastic paralytic luxation of the hip joint]. PMID- 7322593 TI - [Pediatric nephrology concepts of the diagnosis and therapy of myelodysplasia]. PMID- 7322594 TI - [Neuropediatric concept in the diagnosis and therapy of myelodysplasias]. PMID- 7322595 TI - [Orthopedic concept in the diagnosis and therapy of myelodysplasia]. PMID- 7322596 TI - Survey on sexual maturation on freshman at the University of North Sumatera Medan, Indonesia. PMID- 7322597 TI - The preschool child in Suka Village, North Sumatera. I. Feeding practices and measured food intake. PMID- 7322598 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in children. PMID- 7322599 TI - Health for all: The urgent need of health by the people concept. PMID- 7322600 TI - Responses of spinothalamic tract cells in the thoracic spinal cord of the monkey to cutaneous and visceral inputs. AB - Somatovisceral convergence was demonstrated in recordings from 15 of 16 spinothalamic tract cells in the lower thoracic spinal cords of anesthetized monkeys. Inputs were produced by mechanical (or sometimes electrical) stimulation of the skin over the lower trunk and by electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve through a buried electrode. The volley in the greater splanchnic nerve was monitored using a buried electrode on the sympathetic chain. Spinothalamic tract cells could be excited by activity in A delta and C fibers, but no effects produced by A beta fibers were noted. In some cases inhibitory effects were observed due to movement of hair on the trunk, and inhibitory interactions could be demonstrated between cutaneous and visceral afferent volleys. PMID- 7322602 TI - Habituation to bearable experimental pain elicited by tooth pulp electrical stimulation. AB - Stimulation (1/10 sec, 1-2 msec) of the tooth pulp of volunteers was carried out for 120 min at an intensity that produced bearable pain. Cortical evoked potentials, electroencephalographic activity, electromyograms of the superciliary and masseter muscles and galvanic skin response were recorded. Every 30 min, without suspending the stimulation, the subjects were questioned with respect to the sensations accompanying the stimuli. A progressive decrease in all polygraphic responses was observed which coincided with a decrease in the reported sensation of pain. This effect could be reversed by applying heterosensorial stimulation (questioning). It is suggested that this is a phenomenon of habituation to pain since dishabituation, potentiation of habituation, and habituation to dishabituation were found. PMID- 7322601 TI - Convergence of cutaneous and pelvic visceral nociceptive inputs onto primate spinothalamic neurons. AB - The responses of 66 primate spinothalamic neurons to natural stimulation the the urinary bladder and testicle were studied with extracellular recording techniques in order to elucidate the neural basis for referral of visceral pain. Thirty eight out of 53 cells located at the thoraco-lumbar junction or in sacral segments responded to noxious cutaneous stimuli, and 84% of these also exhibited phasic and/or tonic excitatory responses to distension of the urinary bladder. Seventeen out of 20 of these units, all located at the thoraco-lumbar junction, were excited by compression of the ipsilateral testicle. The response was graded with the compressive force. Excitatory responses to noxious heat and an irritant chemical (KC1) applied to the exposed testicular surface were also observed. Twelve sacral units having inputs from deep receptor of the tail exhibited mixed excitatory and inhibitory responses to bladder distension. A further 2 cells located at the thoracolumbar junction responded only to cutaneous tactile stimuli, and 13 cells located at the lumbosacral enlargement were tonically inhibited by bladder distension. It is concluded that spinothalamic neurons that convey nociceptive input from the skin may also respond to noxious visceral stimuli. Such viscero-somatic convergence provides a neural substrate for the phenomenon of cutaneous referral of visceral pain. PMID- 7322603 TI - Intractable facial pain and illness behaviour. AB - Management of intractable facial pain (IFP) patients is time consuming and potentially frustrating. Earlier identification of IFP patients may be helped by considering such cases in terms of their illness behaviour rather than a large rang of other diagnostic labels. A group of 24 IFP patients, with diagnoses including temporomandibular joint dysfunction pain, atypical facial pain and facial neuralgia, completed a questionnaire designed to measure illness behaviour. Compared to a control group of patients with minor odontogenic pain, IFP patients were more somatically preoccupied, could not accept reassurance from a doctor as easily, and were less likely to acknowledge psychological aspects of illness. These attitudes, similar to those reported by other intractable pain patients, are unlikely to be related to degree of organic pathology or chronicity of pain. Use of a discriminant function resulted in three-quarters of the total sample being correctly separated into the two clinical groups on the basis of their IBQ scores. PMID- 7322604 TI - Interview vs. paper-and-pencil administration of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. AB - In a 2 x 2 design, college student subjects described one of two levels of cold pressor pain (threshold or tolerance) with the McGill Pain Questionnaire administered via one of two modes (interview or paper-and-pencil). Interview administration was associated with higher scores on 5 of the 6 MPQ scores calculated. Data did not support the notion that this effect is entirely attributable to increased probability of interviewed subjects' endorsement of descriptors for which clarification of meaning was sought. Reliable effects of pain intensity and mode of administration significantly interact. PMID- 7322605 TI - A pain vocabulary in Finnish-The Finnish pain questionnaire. AB - Words related to pain were collected by asking 59 students and 18 patients to create a list by free association. Each subject was then given a dictionary derived Finnish version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) with the words arranged in alphabetical order and was asked to place his own words among the dictionary-derive words which appeared most appropriate. Simultaneously, each word was allocated on a visual analogue scale (VAS) in order of increasing intensity. A vocabulary using the MPQ groups was then collated using the words for which at least one-half of the subjects agreed as to classification. The words in each group were presented in alphabetical order. The list was then given to 76 university students whose job was to decide if in fact each word did belong to the class assigned. Following this, the words were arranged on a VAS scale in intensity order. The words mm-mean differences were then compared using a t-test. Those words were chosen for the pain vocabulary which reflected a statistically significant intensity change and were most often to be found in the word-list. The same method is applicable irrespective of language. Words are replaceable by numerical values so that follow-up and renewed investigations become statistically comparable. PMID- 7322606 TI - Phantom limb pain during peridural anaesthesia. AB - Report the occurrence of severe phantom leg pain during peridural anaesthesia. The patient had no preoperative pain complaints or neurological deficits and was scheduled for surgical removal of an osteosynthesis plate from his otherwise intact femur. The pain developed parallel with the appearance of phantom sensation during peridural anaesthesia. It was independent of surgical stimulation and vanished towards the end of the operation. Phantom limb pain disappeared completely with dissipation of regional blockade. Some of the possible mechanisms of painless and painful phantoms are discussed. We suggest that investigation of similar cases may help in elucidating phantom limb pain following irreversible pathological deafferentation. PMID- 7322607 TI - Endorphin release as mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 7322608 TI - Notes on cancer of the gallbladder in the light of recent personal experience. PMID- 7322609 TI - Self-perceived variables of holiday depression at christmastime of single men and women. PMID- 7322610 TI - Inheritance of female unexplained hirsutism. PMID- 7322613 TI - Schistosomiasis from S. mansoni in mice: the relationship between acquired immunity and serum levels of lethal antibody. AB - Acquired immunity to Schistosoma mansoni induced by a primary infection with cercariae of one or both sexes was assessed in mice by the recovery of parasites of a challenge infection from the lungs or the liver. In addition, the antibody dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity against schistosomula in vitro was titrated in sera obtained from both groups of animals. The degree of immunity as detected by the lung recovery technique in mice infected with a mixture of male and female cercariae was variable and lower than 50%. In contrast, no immunity was observed in the group of animals infected with 40 'single-sex' cerariae. The titre of lethal antibody in a pool of sera firm these animals was about 10, whereas it was about 640 in a pool of sera from bisexually infected animals. Lethal antibody titres ranged from 20 to 120 for unisexual infection and 240 to 1920 for bisexually infected mice. In some cases a significant degree of immunity was detected by liver perfusion in mice with a primary unisexual infection. However, the lethal antibody titre of sera from mice with a 'single-sex' infection remained low, even when the immunity was apparent. PMID- 7322612 TI - Clinical and physical evaluations of a technique for local regional hyperthermia in the therapy of cancer. PMID- 7322611 TI - The effect of oral contraceptive on serum bile acids and liver function routine tests. PMID- 7322614 TI - Characterization of surface antigens of Trichinella spiralis infective larvae. AB - Infective larvae of trichinella spiralis were surface-labelled with radioactive iodine, and the products were characterized biochemically and immunochemically. The labelled material was restricted to two basic subunits: a lentil lectin adherent glycoprotein (GP), mol. wt 47K, and a lentil lectin-nonadherent protein fraction (P), mol. wt 55K. Both of these form homologous dimers through as yet unspecified covalent bonds to yield GP90 and P105. GP is further polymerized into higher molecular weight forms by disulphide bond-dependent associations. suggesting a highly cross-linked arrangement in the cuticle. To what extent this structure contributes to the overall organization of the cuticle remains to be established. The two labelled surface molecules are immunogenic in the infected host, and do not react with a panel of sera taken from animals chronically infected with other nematode species. The approach therefore offers immediate possibilities for immunodiagnosis in nematode infections, and for a comparative immunochemical study of the surface cuticle of different stages of the same and different nematode species and for studies of the function of the nematode cuticle. PMID- 7322615 TI - Morphological studies on the killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by human eosinophil and neutrophil cationic proteins in vitro. AB - Purified eosinophil and neutrophil cationic proteins isolated from the lysosomal secretion granules of human granulocytes, evoke characteristic, dose-dependent morphological changes in young schistosomula of S. mansoni. The first sign of damage is seen with in 15-30 min of incubation and involves the formation of surface microvilli and blebs. Subsequently, tegumental evaginations of varying size are developed, but these appear to explode with rapidity, so that lengths of expanded tegumental outer membrane are deposited over the severely damaged surface of the parasite. Both types of granulocyte proteins are able to effect comparable damage at equimolar concentration. Other cationic proteins such as protamine and poly-L-arginine also damage the parasite surface but the pathological changes differ from those induced by the granulocyte proteins and they take longer to develop. In contrast, lysozyme-treated parasites are virtually similar to control schistosomula incubated in medium alone. These findings are discussed in relation to published data concerning the interaction of intact granulocytes with young schistosomula both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7322616 TI - [Functional morphology of the midgut in satiated Pediculus humanus corporis (Anoplura) fleas]. AB - It has been shown that during feeding the midgut epithelium of the human louse Pediculus humanus corporis consists of three types of cells: secretory, digestive, and reserve (regenerative) ones. According to the ultrastructural organization the secretory cells are subdivided into two regions--apical and basal. In the apical region of the secretory cells no microvilli are observed. The basal region contains mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, microvesicular bodies and secretory granules. Three types of secretion of digestive enzymes (macroapocrine, microapocrine and merocrine ones) were found. The apical surface of the digestive cells is covered with microvilli; the cytoplasm of the digestive cells is filled with lipids and glycogen granules. Cells are lined with a homogeneous basal membrane. PMID- 7322617 TI - [Classification of nematode parasites of vertebrate animals]. AB - The authors give the analysis of the best known systems of nematodes, parasitizing vertebrates. The classifications of Chitwood (1933, 1937); Skrjabin et Schultz (1940) and Chabaud (1974) are discussed. A new variant of the system of the mentioned nematode groups is proposed, the classification of Chabaud being assumed as its basis. In the subclass Adenophorea the authors distinguish two orders--Trichocephalida and Dioctophymida. The subclass Secernentea includes according to Chabauds system five orders: Rhabditida, Strongylida, Oxyurida, Ascaridida and Spirurida. Two suborders--Ascaridina and Heterakina are distinguished in the order Ascaridida, three suborders--Spirurina, Cammallanina and Filariina--in the order Spirurida. The suborders Gnathostomatina and Cucullanina are admitted to be not enough valid. Both these groups are considered as superfamilies in the new variant of classification. A conception of the close phylogenetic relationships between the orders of the subclass Seurina, Cammallanina and Filariina--in the order Spirurida. The suborders Gnathostomatina and Cucullanina are admitted to be not enough valid. Both these groups are considered as superfamilies in the new variant of classification. A conception of the close phylogenetic relationships between the orders of the subclass Seurina, Cammallanina and Filariina--in the order Spirurida. The suborders Gnathostomatina and Cucullanina are admitted to be not enough valid. Both these groups are considered as superfamilies in the new variant of classification. A conception of the close phylogenetic relationships between the orders of the subclass Secernentea is championed. The authors believe that the historical development of the representatives of this nematode group occurred from the rabditiform worms towards the strictly specialized parasitic forms, which are met in the order Spirurida. The representatives of the order Rhabditida are the most closely related to the ancestral forms of the subclass Secernentea. PMID- 7322618 TI - [Rostellar organ or Taenia crassiceps (Cestoda: Taeniidae) larvae]. AB - There are glandular elements of syntitial structure in parenchyma of scolex base of T. crassiceps larvae. They are located behind the suckers at the invaginated state of scolex. Perikaryons of gland contain dense rodshaped, spheric granules and great accumulations of electron-dense substance in vacuoles. The same types of secretary product are found in the rostellar tegument. The glandular elements are mostly developed in the period of the formation of rostellar hooks, but they are well expressed too in mature larvae thus providing morphofunctional specialization of rostellar tegument. PMID- 7322619 TI - [Morphogenesis of the genital system in the superfamily Tylenchoidea (Nematoda)]. AB - Morphogenesis of the genital system of 14 species of nematodes of the superfamily Tylenchoidea was studied. The evolution of the genital system of females in the superfamily was considered. The initial type for the group is a paired gonade of the females. In different families the reduction of the hind branch of the gonade proceeds in parallel. During ontogenesis the development of the posterior part of the trophicogenital department and the gonade branch restrains. In the family Pratylenchidae this phenomenon is associated with the shortening of the body during the transition to endoparasitism; in the family Tylenchidae the phenomenon is connected with the acquiring of the streamline form suitable for living in humid biotopes. In the family Anguinidae takes place the hypertrophy of the female genital system connected with the transition to the cavitary endoparasitism. A new technique for making preparations of nematodes is suggested. PMID- 7322620 TI - Functional characteristics of the endothelium on the dynamics of experimental atherosclerosis. AB - The aortic endothelium of rabbits, fed an atherogenic diet, has been studied by electron microscopy and by analysis of the distribution of intravenously injected, labeled, LDL and VLDL in plasma and aortic wall. It has been proposed that, in experimental hypercholesterolemia, when the receptor mechanism of lipoprotein uptake is saturated, a receptor-independent endocytosis plays the main role in the uptake of lipoproteins particles by endothelial cells. It has been established that, during the early stages of experimental hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, there was an increase in the number of vesicles of 100-250 A in diameter, even up to 750 A, in the endothelial cells. Thus, it seems probable that there is transendothelial passage, not only of LDL, but also of particles like VLDL. Furthermore, the electron microscopy data have shown the possible formation of transedothelial canals by fusion of 3-4 vesicles. As hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis increase, the transport of lipoproteins occurs mostly through intercellular spaces and impaired endothelial regions. The intravenous administration to rabbits of LDL and VLDL, labeled with 14C-palmitic acid in their outer shell (phospholipids) and core (triglycerides + esters of cholesterol), has revealed a preferential penetration of small lipoprotein particles and of phospholipid-rich triglyceride-poor residues, both in normal and atherosclerotic aortas. PMID- 7322621 TI - [Free and esterified cholesterol of the skin in atherogenic hyperlipidemias]. AB - Skin free and esterified cholesterol were assayed using gaseous chromatography following plaque histochromatography separation in 20 control, 36 patients with Type II a hyperlipoproteinemia, 27 with Type II b hyperlipoproteinemia and 19 with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Skin esterified cholesterol was higher in females with Type II a hyperlipoproteinemia without or with xanthomatosis. But the skin esterified cholesterol level was not correlated with skin free cholesterol nor with blood total cholesterol levels, while in males these parameters were well correlated. On the other hand skin cholesterol was assayed in 15 patients with Type II hypercholesterolemia before and after a 6-month treatment with Probucol: there was 10p. 100 reduction of cholesterol level, and a weak decrease in skin free-cholesterol; in contrast, skin esterified cholesterol increased significantly as well as the skin esterified cholesterol/skin total cholesterol ratio (EC/TC). These data suggest a connection between weak vascular risk and skin esterified cholesterol high level (or high EC/TC in skin). PMID- 7322622 TI - [Biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in the arterial wall. The role of derivatives of isoprenic pathways and of complex lipids in the glycolization of macromolecules of the intima media]. AB - Previous investigation have shown the occurrence of glycosyl-transferases in the intima-media cells of aortic wall. Some of these enzymes have been isolated from cell-sap as xylosyl-transferase and galactosyl-transferase involved in glycoproteins and glycosamino-glycurono-glycans biosynthesis. Others are located in microsomal fraction as mannosyl-transferase which catalysed polyprenic glycoconjugates biosynthesis. Study of linear and cyclic isoprenic compounds such as squalene and cholesterol, lipidic compounds as sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids and shows their important role as effectors in glycoconjugates biosynthesis regulation; while none of them are intermediates in glycosylation reaction. These lipidic effectors have no effect on substrate stability nor on ionic reactional parameters. At the opposite, they seem to act in a similar way as non ionic detergents. PMID- 7322623 TI - Partial characterization of peptide fragment purified by isoelectrofocusing after organo alkaline hydrolysis of bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin. AB - Highly purified elastin from bovine ligamentum nuchae was submitted to partial alkaline hydrolysis (37 degree C, 72 H, 1 N KOH in 80 p. 100 aqueous ethanol). The non-coacervable fractions were submitted to isoelectrofocusing and five kappa elastin fractions were obtained. The amino-acid compositions, the N-terminal amino-acids, the molecular weights and the thermolysin digests of each fraction were determined by various techniques. The average MW was about 14,500 (150 - 166 amino-acids). These results suggest that the distribution of cross-linking agents in fibrous elastin may not be uniform. The results also show that in certain cross-linked regions of similar molecular weight and size appearing to be composed of different polypeptides sequences containing different amounts of cross-links. PMID- 7322624 TI - [State of the cardiovascular and sympathetic-adrenal system in experimental cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7322625 TI - [Effect of the cholinergic system on the microcirculation and acid-base balance in the early stage of traumatic shock in rats]. PMID- 7322626 TI - [Blood system reaction to single and double exposures to a stressing agent]. PMID- 7322627 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of disorder of vascular permeability in the adrenals in endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7322628 TI - [Philosophical bases of the general theoretical concepts of foreign medicine]. PMID- 7322630 TI - [Effect of plant and vitamin preparations on the development of experimental neurogenic ulcerative lesions]. PMID- 7322629 TI - [Cerebral vascular reactivity of cats with chronic hypertension]. PMID- 7322631 TI - [Changes in the interrelation of lipids and cyclic nucleotides in the regenerating rat liver]. PMID- 7322632 TI - [Kidney function with disturbed innervation in acute massive hemorrhage and after infusion of plasma substitute solutions]. PMID- 7322633 TI - [Endogenous catecholamines in the body of white mice in acute and latent influenza]. PMID- 7322634 TI - [Effect of aspirin, indomethacin and imidazole on thrombus formation at the site of a vascular wall injury by a laser ray]. PMID- 7322635 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in the myocardium as affected by anticardiac cytotoxic sera]. PMID- 7322636 TI - [Effect of the extracardiac nerves on systolic phase structure and cardiac lipid metabolism in dogs]. PMID- 7322637 TI - [Flow cytometry--advantages and disadvantages of the method]. PMID- 7322638 TI - [Effect of repeated administration of BCG vaccine combined with surgery on the growth dynamics of transplantable Guerin tumor in rats]. PMID- 7322639 TI - [Growth of transplantable Guerin tumor and Morris hepatoma in rats after a single dose of BCG vaccine according to different timetables]. PMID- 7322640 TI - Retention of L-1210 leukemia cells in perfused mouse liver and lungs. PMID- 7322641 TI - [Enzymatic, hematological and histological studies during carcinogenesis in the large intestine in rats under the effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. PMID- 7322642 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the articular cartilage subjected to intensive mechanical stress]. PMID- 7322643 TI - [Effect of catecholamines on the morphological picture of the peripheral autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of rats--light-microscopical study]. PMID- 7322644 TI - [Ultrastructure of the myenteric plexus in the small and large intestine]. PMID- 7322645 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the neutrophils in neutropenia]. PMID- 7322646 TI - [Mutagenic effect of environmental factors in metallurgical plants]. PMID- 7322647 TI - [Histopathological and electron-microscopic studies of rat lung after long-term exposure to the components of "Jawox" cleaning powder]. PMID- 7322648 TI - [Case of laryngeal amyloidosis]. PMID- 7322649 TI - Radiologic data bank for congenital bone diseases. PMID- 7322650 TI - Diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis from childhood and adolescence to adult life. AB - Sixty-two patients with interstitial lung fibrosis in the age range 2 to 34 years were followed up from 3 to 26 years. The authors stress the important role of an experienced radiologist, who may make a correct diagnosis on the basis of a plain chest radiograph and who plays an important role in follow-up studies because the changing X-ray picture usually corresponds with functional spirometric findings. The diagnosis is established after clinical, radiological and spirometric examinations. Lung biopsy is necessary in atypical cases only. With the diagnosis established treatment with corticosteroids is given in an alternating way and favourable results may be expected in most cases. Six of the female patients have born seven fit children, all without chromosomal aberrations, after five to ten years of corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 7322652 TI - Urethral obstruction in boys caused by prolapse of simple ureterocele. AB - Four boys, each with urethral obstruction caused by a prolapsed simple ureterocele (from a non-duplicated collecting system) are reported. This is an unusual complication of an uncommon anomaly. PMID- 7322651 TI - Large bowel volvulus in children. Review of a case material and the literature. AB - Four pediatric patients with volvulus of the right colon, and three others with twisting of the sigmoid colon are reported. The clinical manifestations, mainly pain, were vague. Radiological plain film findings were occasionally characteristic, but were in the majority of cases equivocal. An active radiological approach including a supplementary barium enema in any patient with inconclusive plain abdominal roentgenograms will, in addition to other unexpected diagnoses, reveal rare cases of large bowel volvulus. Elective surgical procedures, carried out on viable bowel do not necessarily provide advantages over a non-operative approach. In addition spontaneous reduction of the volvulus may result in permanent cure. PMID- 7322653 TI - The lateral clavicle hook-an acquired as well as a congenital anomaly. AB - The lateral clavicle hook (LCH), an excessive upward convexity of the lateral clavicle, was formally defined by Igual and Giedion, and reported as always present in thrombocytopenia-radial aplasia syndrome and sometimes in other congenital malformations. Additional malformation syndromes including camptomelia are added. In addition, the hook may be seen in acquired upper extremity weakness such as in persistent brachial plexus injury after birth trauma and in severe osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 7322654 TI - Unilateral absence of thigh muscles confirmed by CT scan. AB - A 5-month-old infant is presented with congenital absence of a group of muscles of the right thigh including the three adductors, gracilis, semimembranosus and semitendinosus. The diagnosis was suspected from the conventional radiographs and was confirmed by computerized tomography. PMID- 7322655 TI - Mediastinal cystic hygroma in children. AB - A 14-month-old child presented with severe respiratory distress from an anterior mediastinal mass. Since its gross appearance suggested malignancy, radical surgical excision was performed. In retrospect, secondary hemorrhage, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation were responsible for the atypical appearance of a benign cystic hygroma. Etiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and recommended treatment of this relatively rare mediastinal lesion are discussed. PMID- 7322656 TI - Multicystic hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma of childhood. Computerized tomography and ultrasound characteristics. AB - A case of massive mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver is described in a 13-month old infant. A complex multicystic mass was demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). The appearances suggested the preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7322657 TI - Sonographic demonstration of hepatic Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7322658 TI - Malignant versus benign paravertebral widening in children. AB - Dorso-medial pleural reflection line anomalies occur in malignant tumours, neuroblastoma being the commonest one, in benign tumours, spinal inflammatory disorders and in cases of pseudotumours of different origin. The latter group comprises normal structure variants, malformations and acquired disease but also a small number of transitory or permanent lesions of uncertain or obscure origin. The radiological manifestations encountered are displacement, obliteration or blurring of the paraspinal contour, sometimes a frank paravertebral mass. Based on a case material consisting of 65 patients the importance of recognizing this feature is stressed. An approach to clinical and radiological diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7322660 TI - Pericardial calcification in a neonate secondary to chest tube. PMID- 7322659 TI - Chest wall invasion by aspergillus in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. PMID- 7322661 TI - The association of esophageal duplication cyst with esophageal atresia. PMID- 7322662 TI - "Giant Meckel's diverticulum": report of an unusual case in a child with preoperative x-ray diagnosis. PMID- 7322663 TI - The impact of research in pediatrics on the health of children. PMID- 7322664 TI - Changes in mean esophageal pressure during early recovery in mechanically ventilated neonates--evidence for airway-closure and gas-trapping? AB - We studied transmission of a constant mean airway pressure through the lungs to the pleural space in nine mechanically-ventilated neonates with low-compliance lung disease. Infants were studied for 3.1 +/- 1.6 hr during a period of clinical improvement, but at a time when lung compliance was still markedly reduced. Two of our infants were studied during recovery from fluid overload, while seven infants with hyaline membrane disease were studied at a stage of disease during which maximal diuresis has been found to occur. During the study period, mean esophageal pressure decreased in all infants from 5.6 +/- 1.3 to 4.2 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (P less than 0.001) while total compliance increased slightly. PMID- 7322665 TI - Effect of intralumenal cation-exchange resin on excretion of ammonia in rat ileum. AB - Ammonia excretion was studied in rat ileal segments during perfusion of the animal through the saphenous vein. In the first 10 min during and after intravenous infusion of L-glutamine (116 mg/kg to double arterial glutamine concentration) average net change in lumenal ammonia was 13 +/- 8 (S.E.) nmole NH3/min/g ileum; average net change in ileal venous ammonia was 28 +/- 9 nmole NH3/min/g ileum; and average net change in total ammonia (lumen + ileal vein) was 41 +/- 13 compared to -5 +/- 10 nmole/min/g ileum for animals infused with saline P less than 0.025. These data suggest that ileal metabolism of arterial glutamine liberates ammonia to both ileal venous blood and intestinal lumen. When a cation exchange resin which binds ammonia was infused intralumenally, average net change in lumenal ammonia in the first 10 min during and after intravenous infusion of 116 mg/kg L-glutamine was 415 +/- 156 nmole NH3/min/g ileum (p less than 0.01 compared to value during perfusion of Earle's solution alone). During the first 10 min during and after glutamine infusion net change in ileal venous plasma ammonia was -8 +/- 14 when resin was being perfused through the lumen compared to +28 +/- 9 nmole/min/g ileum during perfusion of Earle's solution alone without resin P less than 0.05. Thus resin in the small intestine can trap very large amounts of ammonia. PMID- 7322666 TI - Increased adenine nucleotide turnover in duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - To investigate a possible disorder of adenine nucleotide turnover in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we evaluated 15 patients with mild Duchenne muscular dystrophy, eight patients with severe muscular dystrophy, seven patients with other neuromuscular disorders, and eight patients with hypogammaglobulinemia but no muscle disease. The serum urate concentration was similar in all four groups. Base line urinary purine excretion was elevated in all patients with neuromuscular disease with values of 1.72 +/- 0.15, 2.37 +/- 0.22, 2.49 +/- 0.35, and 2.60 +/- 0.48 mumoles/100 ml glomerular filtration for control subjects, mild Duchenne muscular dystrophy, severe disease, and other neuromuscular diseases, respectively. Adenine nucleotide pool turnover was measured by labeling with [8 14C]adenine and then 5 days later administering intravenous fructose. Five-day cumulative mean radioactivity excretion was elevated in mild and severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy with excretion values of 11.4 +/- 0.7 and 11.5 +/- 1.1% of administered radioactivity, respectively, as compared to 9.0 +/- 0.9% of administered radioactivity for control subjects. After intravenous fructose infusion, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy had a less than normal rise in serum urate concentration, a normal increase of urinary urinary purine excretion, and a greater than normal elevation of urinary radioactivity excretion and urinary purine specific activity. Patients with other neuromuscular diseases had virtually no rise in plasma urate concentration, less than normal increase in urinary total purine excretion, and a greater than normal increase of urinary radioactivity excretion and urinary specific activity. These observations suggest that there is an increased rate of adenine nucleotide turnover in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In patients with other neuromuscular disease an increased rate of adenine nucleotide turnover resembled the abnormality expected from a diminished adenine nucleotide pool. PMID- 7322667 TI - Neonatal adaptation: sympatho-adrenal response to umbilical cord cutting. AB - The present studies were designed to assess the individual effects of delivery and umbilical cord cutting on the stimulation of the sympatho-adrenal system during parturition. Pregnant ewes with time-dated singleton pregnancies were used in an acutely exteriorized fetal lamb model with an intact umbilical circulation. We observed a minimal, transient elevation in plasma catecholamines (CAT) coincident with the operative procedures and delivery. Subsequent cord clamping was observed to evoke a rapid and marked increase of both norepinephrine and epinephrine (E), maximal at 5 min and persisting over the 4-hr study period. Animals could be grouped on the basis of the observed CAT responses, severity of postpartum acidosis, the extent of free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization and degree of postpartum hypothermia. A blunted FFA response and slower correction of hypothermia were observed in the more acidotic animals despite higher CAT concentrations. One group of four animals had high peak CAT concentrations, 32,000 pg/ml norepinephrine and 35,000 pg/ml E, a deep nadir in pH of 6.88 +/- 0.09, a 2-hr delay in maximal FFA mobilization and slower correction of hypothermia. The other group of four animals had peak norepinephrine of 2800 pg/ml and E of 1100 pg/ml, a nadir in pH of 7.09 +/- 0.08, maximal plasma FFA concentration by 1 hr after cord cutting and a higher nadir in body temperature 35.7 versus 32.5 degrees C. The results demonstrate that umbilical cord cutting itself is a potent stimulus for fetal CAT release and FFA mobilization. Acidosis is capable of markedly augmenting E release in the mature fetus and obtunding chemical thermogenesis. PMID- 7322668 TI - Reproductive dysfunction in female offspring after prenatal exposure to phenobarbital: critical period of action. AB - Phenobarbital (PB) (40 mg/kg/day) was administered to pregnant rats at 12 to 20, 14 to 20, and 17 to 20 days of gestation and female offspring were tested for the onset of puberty, estrous cycle pattern, and fertility. Another group of rats received PB (20 mg/kg/day) during the neonatal period (1 to 8 days). PB administration during both the pre- and postnatal periods resulted in a significant delay in the onset of puberty (control: 34.6 +/- 1.2 days, PB: 37.5 +/- 1.2 days), disorders of estrous cycle (control: normal cycles 91%, PB: normal cycles 40%), and infertility (control: 100% fertile PB: 50% fertile). Associated with these effects, we observed high levels of estrogen in plasma (control: 58.5 +/- 12.2 pg/ml, PB: 155.2 +/- 25.1 pg/ml) and increased estrogen receptors in the uterus (control: 0.136 +/- 0.026 pmole/mg protein, PB: 0.242 +/- 0.031 pmole/mg protein. This study shows that PB administration only during the period of neuroendocrine differentiation (17 to 20 days of pregnancy and 1 to 8 postnatal days) is capable of producing all of the adverse effects of PB, indicating that its action is upon neuroendocrine development. PMID- 7322669 TI - Cystinotic fibroblasts are depleted of free-cystine by acid pH medium. AB - The free (nonprotein) cystine content of human cystinotic fibroblasts was found to vary with the pH of their culture medium. Intracellular cystine content was highest at alkaline medium pH's and lowest at acidic medium pH's. When maintained in medium of pH 6.3, cystinotic fibroblasts lost 50% of their free-cystine content in 6 hr and over 95% in 30 hr. Cystine was the only amino acid to show significant variation with changes in the pH of the culture medium. PMID- 7322670 TI - Radiant warmer power and body size as determinants of insensible water loss in the critically ill neonate. AB - Twelve critically ill neonates mechanically ventilated for respiratory failure (mean weight 1.33 kg, mean gestation 31 wk) were studied to quantitate the effects of radiant power from a radiant warming device, body weight, and body surface area on insensible water loss. Radiant power density (Mw/cm2) was measured using a wattmeter and thermopile transducer. Insensible water loss was measured using a Potter Baby Scale. Weight correlated inversely with insensible water loss, (r = -0.86, P less than 0.001). Radiant power density correlated inversely to weight, (r = -0.71, P less than 0.001). There was a significant increase in insensible water loss as radiant power density increased, (r = 0.54, P less than 0.05). Net radiant power received (W/kg) by infants over their exposed surface area, correlated directly to insensible water loss, (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01) irrespective of body weight. Critically ill neonates ventilated for respiratory failure and nursed under radiant warmers incurred greater insensible water losses than previously reported for well infants. The magnitude of this increased insensible water loss is inversely related to body size and is determined directly by the radiant power density required to maintain body temperature. PMID- 7322671 TI - Oxygenation in anemic newborn lambs with high or low oxygen affinity red cells. AB - Experiments to determine the effect of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve on oxygen delivery during neonatal anemia, were carried out on 15 sedated and ventilated lambs less than 48 hr of age. Eight of the animals were exchange transfused with adult blood. The P50 of the exchange transfused group was 32.1 mm Hg (low O2 affinity) compared to 19.4 mm Hg for the controls (high O2 affinity). The animals were made anemic by isovolumic exchange transfusions with plasma. At different levels of hemoglobulin defined as mild (8 mg/100 ml), moderate (6 mg/100 ml), and severe (4 mg/100 ml) anemia, tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic status, and blood gases were compared. Mixed venous PO2 was significantly lower in the high affinity group throughout this study. Cardiac output was significantly greater in the low affinity group during severe anemia. Oxygen consumption remained stable in the low affinity group, but decreased significantly in the high affinity group when the anemia was severe. The data indicate that during severe anemia, blood with a high P50 is more capable of adequately oxygenating tissues than that with a low P50. PMID- 7322672 TI - Ontogeny of renal uric acid excretion in the mongrel puppy. AB - Renal uric acid excretion was examined in 35 mongrel puppies at 1, 30, 60 and 90 days of age and in seven mature mongrel dogs. Uric acid concentrations in plasma and urine were determined using a uricase fluorometric method. Clearance of inulin increased with postnatal age; however, fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) decreased from 83% at birth to 51% at 90 days of age (r = -0.675, P less than 0.001). Filtered uric acid and net reabsorption of uric acid increased with postnatal development. The decline in FEUA with postnatal age was unrelated to binding of uric acid to plasma proteins or to urine flow rate. A direct correlation was observed between clearance of uric acid (CUA) and clearance of sodium (CNa) during early development (r = 0.48, P less than 0.001). These data indicate that postnatal maturational patterns of renal urate excretion in mongrel puppies are similar to human newborns. PMID- 7322673 TI - Laser photolysis of bilirubin. AB - Photodegradation of bilirubin in vitro has been investigated by using monochromatic light supplied by an argon ion laser selecting the 457.9, 488.0 and 514.5 nm wavelengths. Bilirubin was examined in chloroform, in aqueous solutions and in human serum under different experimental conditions of concentration, laser power and time of irradiance. Photodecomposition was followed by optical density measurements on the absorption maximum of the electronic band at 460 nm. The rate of degradation of bilirubin was found to be only slightly affected by the wavelength of the exciting lines provided they fall within the absorption band. In particular it was shown that any wavelength, lambda, is equally effective if the corresponding absorbance, A lambda, exceeds a minimum value of 5 10%. In the aqueous solutions, light with lambda greater than 470 nm has been found to be largely effective in the photodegradation of bilirubin in vitro. PMID- 7322674 TI - Ventilatory response and drive of asthmatic children to alveolar hypoxia. AB - Hypoxic ventilatory responses and 100-msec inspiratory occlusion pressures (P100s) were measured at constant alveolar PCO2 (normocapnia) in 13 asthmatic [12.5 +/- 1.0 (S.E.) years] and in 12 normal children (13.3 +/- 0.6 years) to determine the appropriateness of the asthmatics' minute ventilation and ventilatory (inspiratory) drive, respectively. Most asthmatics were well controlled with continuous drug therapy and exhibited only mild pulmonary abnormalities at the time of testing. Hypoxia-induced increases in minute ventilation were quantitated in terms of A-values per m2 body surface area. An A value describes, in numerical terms, the slope of the hyperbolic ventilatory response to progressive alveolar hypoxia. Larger A-values denote greater increases in ventilation. The A-values were not significantly different between the asthmatic (105 +/- 14) and normal children (123 +/- 24). The occlusion pressures were significantly different, however, and were 2.3 +/- 0.2 cm H2O (sub atmospheric) for the asthmatics and 1.5 +/- 0.1 cm H2O for the normal children at an alveolar PO2 = 80 mm Hg, and 7.7 +/- 0.9 and 5.2 +/- 0.8 cm H2O for the respective groups at an alveolar PO2 = 40 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that asthmatic children with minimal pulmonary abnormalities maintain a normal ventilatory response to alveolar hypoxia by increasing their ventilatory drive, whereas adult asthmatics have been reported to have less than normal increase in ventilatory drive and hence a diminished ventilatory response during hypoxic exposure. PMID- 7322675 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease: mode of action of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. AB - Four possible modes of action for the clinically observed effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in chronic granulomatous disease were evaluated: (1) inhibition of bacterial catalase, (2) improvement of granulocyte oxygen metabolism, (3) synergism of the antibiotic with nonoxygen-dependent granulocyte killing mechanisms, and (4) a purely antibiotic effect based on uptake and concentration of the antibiotic by and within granulocytes. While the first three mechanisms were excluded, the fourth mechanism is highly probable; sulfamethoxazole was found to reach granulocyte associated concentrations 1.7 fold and trimethoprim 4.1-fold of extracellular levels. Penicillin G, a known nonpenetrating antibiotic, reached 0.3-fold, and tetracycline, a known penetrating agent, 7.1-fold the extracellular level. These findings indicate that sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is an antibiotic combination uniquely suited for the long-term prophylaxis of infections in patients with defects of intracellular phagocyte killing. PMID- 7322676 TI - [Results of treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to a standardized program (LSA2L2)]. PMID- 7322677 TI - [Effect of iron-fortified diet on the prevention and treatment of hypochromic anemia]. PMID- 7322678 TI - [Clinical and laboratory features of erythrocyte glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. PMID- 7322679 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a 14-year-old girl]. PMID- 7322680 TI - Occipital encephalocele and early gestational hyperthermia. AB - Hyperthermia as a human teratogen has been implicated as one cause for neurulation defects. To determine whether there is an association between early maternal hyperthermia (20 to 28 days' gestation) and isolated occipital encephalocele, record reviews were conducted for the period 1969 through 1979 in three major medical centers in the Pacific Northwest. Control patients consisted of children with Down's syndrome matched for year of birth, sex, and race. Of the 17 patients ascertained with an isolated posterior encephalocele, four (24%) of the mothers gave a history of hyperthermia, due to prolonged fever of at least 1.5 C above normal thermal levels early in gestation. In the control patients and siblings of affected children, no history of maternal hyperthermia was elicited. These data are compatible with the concept that early maternal hyperthermia is one cause in the genesis of isolated occipital encephalocele. PMID- 7322681 TI - Fat digestion in very low-birth-weight infants: effect of addition of human milk to low-birth-weight formula. AB - The possible compensatory role of human milk lipase in the digestion of dietary fat was examined in a group of very low-birth-weight infants. Fat excretion was studied in 15 preterm infants of gestational age 26 to 33 weeks and birth weight 660 to 1,695 gm. The amount and composition of fecal fat were determined in stools collected for 72 hours. Eight infants were fed Similac 24 LBW exclusively and seven infants were fed a mixture of fresh human milk (40%) and formula (60%). Fat excretion was lower in infants fed a mixture of human milk and formula than in infants fed formula only (4.7% -+/- 0.50% vs 11.9% +/- 1.4% of intake, respectively). Excretion of calcium soaps, when expressed as percent of total fat, was higher in the group fed the human milk-containing diet (18.9% +/- 13.5%), than in the group fed formula only (6.8 +/- 2.5%); however, the absolute amounts excreted were similar in both groups (65 +/- 46 and 45 +/- 17 mg/kg/day, respectively). The lower fat excretion in infants fed a mixture of fresh human milk and formula could be related to the lipase present in human milk. These data suggest that human milk lipase probably contributes to the digestion and absorption of dietary fat in the "tiny premature" infant. PMID- 7322682 TI - Vasopressin and pneumothorax in the neonate. AB - The release of vasopressin (AVP) was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of the hormone in ten neonates who had an acute and symptomatic pneumothorax in the first three days after birth. AVP excretion rose significantly (paired t analysis) after the pneumothorax occurred. When apparent re-expansion of the lungs occurred after treatment, excretion of AVP returned to prepneumothorax levels within eight to 16 hours. If the pneumothorax persisted or worsened. AVP excretion remained elevated. Urine osmolality rose significantly (paired t analysis) after pneumothorax, presumably in response to the increased AVP levels. Two of the ten infants had hyponatremia in the period studied, while in a state of sodium balance. It was concluded that AVP release is increased after a pneumothorax occurs. This increase is apparently not due to osmoregulatory requirements. Fluid intake in these infants may need adjustment to prevent an inappropriate positive water balance. PMID- 7322683 TI - Neonatal mortality review: a basis for improving care. AB - Neonatal deaths in Iowa were reviewed to assess educational needs at each of the three levels of care. The review was oriented toward a clinical rather than a pathologic impression of cause of death. Five major categories of disease accounted for 90% of the deaths surveyed in the two years reported, 1978 and 1979. They were: congenital anomalies, birth weight less than or equal to 750 gm, respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial sepsis, and asphyxia. Defects in the care system were noted and remedial measures suggested. Based on the mortality data accumulated, an idealized neonatal death rate was calculated, and from this, an estimate of potentially salvageable deaths was offered. Small hospitals with low neonatal death rates were found to be an important source of potentially preventable deaths. Other states and regions interested in evaluating a regionalized system of perinatal health care may wish to consider a review of causes of neonatal deaths similar to the approach illustrated for Iowa. PMID- 7322684 TI - Utility of M-mode echocardiography for early identification of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. AB - The clinical syndrome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) still carries high mortality in spite of improved neonatal care. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the utility of M-mode echocardiography for the early identification of infants with PPHN prior to clinical deterioration. Echocardiograms of 51 infants who needed fractional inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) greater than or equal to 0.25 to maintain adequate PaO2 within 36 hours of life were compared to those of 115 healthy full-term and preterm newborns. Of the 51 infants, ten had elevated systolic time interval ratios of both ventricles simultaneously (ventricular pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time [RPEP/RVET greater than or equal to 0.50, LPEP/LVET greater than 0.38]). All of these newborns had PPHN that was manifest clinically by 11 to 30 hours of age. The echocardiographic findings preceded clinical deterioration by at least one to five hours in all cases. The other 41 infants had clinical courses consistent with uncomplicated pulmonary disease. These data indicate that systolic time interval ratios, although not accurate measures of pulmonary arterial pressure and/or pulmonary vascular resistance, permit early identification of infants with PPHN and separation from others with uncomplicated pulmonary disease. PMID- 7322686 TI - Cefuroxime therapy of gonorrhea and coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis in children. AB - Twenty-seven episodes of gonorrhea occurring in children less than 15 years of age were treated with an intramuscular injection of cefuroxime, 25 mg/kg. Gonococci were eliminated from genital, pharyngeal, and anal sites in all cases. Cefuroxime was well tolerated and no side effects were observed. Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis was found in nine patients (33%). Among the seven patients with chlamydial genital infection, postgonococcal symptoms persisted in three children (43%). On patient of the five with chlamydial anal infections were successfully treated with trisulfapyrimidines. PMID- 7322687 TI - Neonatal manifestations of maternal phencyclidine (PCP) abuse. AB - Two cases concerning newborn infants whose mothers used phencyclidine (PCP) during pregnancy are described. The neonatal symptoms of maternal PCP abuse were jitteriness, hypertonicity, vomiting, and one case of diarrhea. In both infants, PCP was detected in the urine during the first few days of life. Both infants were successfully treated with phenobarbital but they continued to remain jittery and slightly hypertonic following discontinuation of the therapy. In one case the infant was noted to be microcephalic. In the neonate, the symptoms of maternal PCP abuse are similar to the symptoms of narcotic withdrawal. The diagnosis of PCP effects in the neonate can be confirmed by urinalysis for the drug. The teratogenicity of PCP remains a possibility. The metabolism and treatment of PCP effects in the newborn need further clarification. PMID- 7322685 TI - Mucosal function and breath hydrogen excretion: comparative studies in the clinical evaluation of children with nonspecific abdominal complaints. AB - To evaluate the role of the lactose breath hydrogen test for the detection of lactose malabsorption in children with chronic nonspecific abdominal complaints, breath hydrogen excretion was measured in 131 children with recurrent abdominal pain (n = 75) or chronic nonspecific diarrhea (n = 56) following a lactose load (2 gm/kg; maximum 50 gm). The data were compared to those obtained from lactose tolerance tests (n = 113) and symptom response following a lactose load (n = 109) performed simultaneously with the lactose breath hydrogen test, and with results from small bowel biopsies obtained in 31 children to determine dissacharidase activity and mucosal histology. The results indicate that an increase in breath hydrogen of greater than 10 ppm above base line values (delta ppm) by 120 minutes ("early increase" response) completely discriminates between biopsy-proven isolated lactase-insufficient and lactase-sufficient children. A similar increase after 120 minutes ("late increase" response) is consistent both with normal mucosal function and partial lactase insufficiency due to mucosal injury. Breath hydrogen responses predicted assayed lactase activity in all patients with isolated lactase insufficiency, but were "falsely negative" in four of ten children whose lactase insufficiency was secondary to mucosal injury. In both clinical groups, lactose malabsorbers report significantly more symptoms than absorbers (P less than .001), but neither symptom reports nor tolerance tests are accurate methods for distinguishing lactose malabsorbers from absorbers. Although the lactose breath hydrogen test provides objective documentation of lactose malabsorption, it is equally predictive of assayed lactase activity in all clinical groups. PMID- 7322688 TI - Clinical and metabolic abnormalities in a boy with dietary deficiency of biotin. AB - Dietary deficiency of biotin was documented in an 11-year-old retarded boy as a consequence of a dietary prescription containing raw eggs. Clinical manifestations were alopecia totalis and an erythematous, exfoliative dermatosis. Metabolic characteristics included increased excretion of 3 methylcrotonylglycine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, methylcitric acid, and lactic acid, as well as a propensity for the development of ketosis. The activities of propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase and 3 methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase in extracts of leukocytes were deficient. Treatment with biotin and the removal of raw eggs, which contain the biotin binding protein, avidin, from the diet led to the reversal of all of the clinical and metabolic manifestations observed. PMID- 7322689 TI - Fatal motor vehicle accidents of child passengers from birth through 4 years of age in Washington State. AB - During the decade beginning Jan 1, 1970 and ending Dec 31, 1979, approximately 39,500 child passengers aged 0 to 4 years were in motor vehicle accidents reported and investigated in the State of Washington: 148 (0.4%) of the children were killed outright or subsequently died. Of the 39,500 children, approximately 6,300, or 16%, were wearing some type of safety restraint and only two, or 1:3,150, were killed. On the other hand, 33,200 were not wearing restraints and 146, or 1:227, were killed. If these ratios are extrapolated, one might conclude that if all the children had been wearing restraints, there would have been 93% fewer deaths. A detailed analysis was performed on 39 fatalities for the years 1977, 1978, and 1979. Fatal accidents involving young children in Washington State usually occurred under ordinary circumstances on dry roads at low speeds during daylight hours and were unrelated to alcohol usage. PMID- 7322690 TI - Children killed in falls from motor vehicles. AB - In 1978 in the United States, 38 children aged 5 years or younger were killed when they fell from the passenger compartments of moving motor vehicles not involved in crashes. Twenty-eight children (74%) were boys. Eighteen (47%) were 2 years old; 35 (92%) were aged 1 to 3 years. Thirty-six children fell out through doors, one fell out of a window, and one fell through a hole in the floor. Sixteen falls occurred when the driver was making a turn or going around a curve, nine when someone opened the door, seven when the driver was proceeding straight ahead, five when the driver was backing out of a driveway, and one when the driver was swerving. All 38 children killed in falls from vehicles were unrestrained. Use of seat belts or child restraint systems would prevent falls even if doors came open, as well as providing protection in crashes. A recent study has shown that pediatricians, by routinely counseling parents to restrain children in cars, can have some effect in increasing child restraint use. Pediatricians should also encourage parents to transport children in rear seats and to check at the start of trips to ensure that all doors are completely closed and locked. PMID- 7322691 TI - Heat stress in motor vehicles: a problem in infancy. AB - Children have died from heat stress because they have been left in closed automobiles. Changes in the internal temperature of various sized automobiles left in the Brisbane summer sun were examined. With all windows and doors closed, this temperature rose from an ambient level of 36 C to a maximum of 67 C within 15 minutes and remained there until the doors were opened. Slightly lower temperatures were found for light colored sedans and station wagons. However, all readings were significantly above ambient and all produced an environment unacceptable for a child. Temperatures approaching ambient were only achieved with ventilation provided by windows at least 200 mm (half) open. A lesser gap (50 mm) resulted in interior temperatures exceeding 50 C, which is still too hot for children. Infants left in such an environment will lose fluid quickly from sweat and could become as much as 8% dehydrated in four hours. Subsequently the cerebral manifestations of heat stroke would ensue. Parents and pediatricians should be warned of the danger of heat stress if children are left in a closed automobile. PMID- 7322692 TI - Subgaleal hematoma from hair combing. PMID- 7322693 TI - Pulmonary embolism in a 14-year-old following an elective abortion. PMID- 7322694 TI - Burn hazard of isopropyl alcohol in the neonate. PMID- 7322695 TI - Developmental follow-up of hyperventilated neonates: preliminary observations. AB - A group of 13 newborn infants greater than 37 weeks' gestation were selected to be hyperventilated because of severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation, ie, failure to maintain PaO2 greater than 50 torr with an FIO2 of 1.0, despite PaCO2 less than or equal to 40 torr and pH greater than or equal to 7.40. Eleven survived; nine were available for follow-up evaluations. As a group, the nine infants were exposed to a PaCO2 less than or equal to 20 torr for 51.8 +/- 11.8 (mean +/- SEM) hours, to PaCO2 less than or equal to 15 torr for 11.8 +/- 3.3 hours, to a pH greater than 7.50 for 64.4 +/- 18.6 hours, and to a pH greater than or equal to 7.60 for 6.1 +/- 2.9 hours. One infant was lost to follow-up after a normal assessment at nine months. the other eight infants (seven AGA, one markedly SGA) were at least 1 1/4 years old at the time of evaluation. The seven AGA infants had a normal developmental quotient (mean 110 [range 96-130] by Stanford-Binet or Bayley assessment); the one SGA infant had a Bayley score of 89. All eight had normal neurologic examinations. These preliminary findings are reassuring with respect to neurologic and developmental outcome following prolonged hyperventilation. PMID- 7322696 TI - Diagnosis of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency by erythrocyte enzyme assay. PMID- 7322697 TI - Stretching a minute. PMID- 7322698 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Adoption and Dependent Care. Intercountry adoption. PMID- 7322699 TI - Diet and theophylline. PMID- 7322700 TI - Infant botulism. PMID- 7322701 TI - Stressed interns. PMID- 7322702 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-PIPIDA questioned. PMID- 7322703 TI - Sucrose or glucose for diarrhea. PMID- 7322704 TI - Varicella hepatitis or Reye's? PMID- 7322705 TI - Salicylate and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7322706 TI - Pneumatosis pulmonalis. PMID- 7322707 TI - Reading x-rays. PMID- 7322708 TI - Bruises and child abuse. PMID- 7322709 TI - Adverse reactions to parenteral lincomycin. PMID- 7322710 TI - Annual summary of vital statistics--1980. AB - Data for this article, as in previous reports, are drawn principally from the Monthly Vital Statistics Report, published by the National Center for Health Statistics. The international data come from the Demographic Yearbook and the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report, both published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations, which has also been kind enough to provide directly more recent data. Except for mortality data by cause and age, which are based on a 10% sample, all the United States data for 1980 are estimates by place of occurrence based upon a count of certificates received in state offices between two dates, one month apart, regardless of when the event occurred. Experience has shown that for the country as a whole the estimate is very close to the subsequent final figures. There are, however, considerable variations in a few of the states, particularly in comparing data by place of occurrence with data by place of residence. State information should be interpreted cautiously. PMID- 7322711 TI - Alterations in cerebral blood flow in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - Xenon-133 inhalation hemispheric cerebral blood flow (HCBF) determinations at one to two days and four to six days postnatally and at 37 weeks postconceptual age have been correlated with computed tomography (CT) scan and autopsy findings in 15 preterm infants weighing less than 1,250 gm at birth. Ten of these infants had germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMH) or intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). Although HCBF obtained at one to two days showed no mean difference between the GMH/IVH group and the nonhemorrhage infants, hemispheric flow ratios showed significant discrepancies in the GMH/IVH group. In addition, in four of five patients in whom the hemorrhage appeared asymmetric on CT scan, the side of higher flow correlated with the hemorrhage. At four to six days HCBF showed a lower mean value in the GMH/IVH patients than in the nonhemorrhage patients and differences in the interhemispheric ratios in the GMH/IVH group persisted. There were no differences in the mean HCBF values or hemispheric ratios between the two groups of infants at 37 weeks postconceptual age. PMID- 7322712 TI - Sustained arterial blood pressure elevation associated with pneumothoraces: early detection via continuous monitoring. AB - The diagnosis of pneumothorax in the neonate is often heralded by such signs as deterioration of arterial blood gases, arterial hypotension, and cardiac arrest. An awareness of more subtle clinical signs of accumulating extra-alveolar gas may lead to earlier intervention and a decrease in morbidity. Fourteen episodes of pneumothorax developed in seven of 69 neonates who received ventilatory assistance (mean birth weight 1,828 +/- 295 gm), of whom six were ventilated for hyaline membrane disease and one for pneumonia. Instantaneous heart rate and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were monitored continuously in all patients. Changes in vital signs were noted at a mean of 48 minutes (range 12 to 116 minutes) prior to thoracentesis. There was an increase in systolic ABP (7 to 26 mm Hg) associated with 70% of the episodes, and an increase in heart rate and pulse pressure associated with 57% of the episodes. By 20 minutes after thoracentesis there was a rapid decrease in ABP values toward levels not significantly different from base line. A sustained increase in ABP may be an early sign of accumulating extra-alveolar gas. Continuous monitoring and graphic representation of vital signs in the ventilated neonate may suggest the diagnosis of pneumothorax before clinical decompensation occurs. PMID- 7322713 TI - Neonatal leukocytosis associated with prenatal administration of dexamethasone. PMID- 7322714 TI - Racial and environmental influences on fetal lung maturation. AB - Claims that fetal lung maturation is more rapid in blacks than in whites were investigated. Histologic measurements of lung maturation and the frequency of hyaline membrane disease were compared in four groups of Neonates: 490 South African blacks, 841 Ethiopians, 767 US blacks, and 560 US whites. Lungs matured much more rapidly in the Ethiopian and more slowly in the South African than in the US fetuses. The rate of maturation was about the same in the US blacks and whites. Hyaline membrane disease was more frequent in the South Africans and less frequent in the Ethiopians than in either US group. Environmental factors in the mother may explain some of these differences. Lungs matured more rapidly in the fetuses of cigarette smokers than in fetuses of nonsmokers. Half of the US mothers but almost none of the South African mothers smoked during pregnancy. The rate of lung maturation had an inverse correlation with maternal body weights. The South African women were heavier and the Ethiopians lighter than women in the United States. PMID- 7322715 TI - An animal model for airway sensory deprivation producing obstructive apnea with postmortem findings of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7322716 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure in newborn infants: variations with birth weight, gestational age, total serum solids, and mean arterial pressure. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood was measured directly at birth with the Wescor membrane colloid osmometer (model 4100) in 91 appropriately grown, 11 large, and nine small for gestational age "well" newborn infants. COP correlated directly with birth weight (r = .726, P less than .00001) and gestational age (r = .753, P less than .00001). COP values for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were found to fall within the 95% prediction interval with regard to birth weight and gestational age for appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Simultaneous measurements of COP, total serum solids, and central arterial mean blood pressure were made. The results showed that COP correlated directly with total serum solids (r = .89, P less than .0001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = .660, P less than .001). Among the factors evaluated, total serum solids was the best predictor of COP. PMID- 7322718 TI - Once-daily dosing with phenobarbital in children with seizure disorders. PMID- 7322717 TI - Long-term effect of phenobarbital on cognitive function in children with febrile convulsions. AB - Psychometric tests were performed on 50 children with a history of febrile convulsions. Twenty-five of these had received daily phenobarbital for a mean of 35 months; 25 had received no phenobarbital. The two groups were matched for sex, age at the time of testing, race, and socioeconomic status. The tests used were the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and the Children's Embedded Figures Test. There were no significant differences in test results between the two groups. PMID- 7322719 TI - Iron deficiency and behavioral deficits. AB - In an attempt to investigate the relationship of iron deficiency and mental status, cognitive development and attending behavior were assessed in nonanemic children aged 11 to 13 months who were severely or mildly iron deficient or were iron replete. Using two different approaches to the assessment of cognitive development and an habituation measure as an index of attending behavior, no statistically significant differences could be demonstrated in the overall level of performance between the iron-depleted and the iron-replete children. Isolated differences were demonstrated on a scale that measured fearfulness and on several of the scales that measured sensory areas of interest displayed. PMID- 7322720 TI - Conceptions of illness in young adolescents. AB - This study examined conceptions of illness in young adolescents. A group of 77 urban junior high school students aged 11 to 15 years were asked for their definitions of illness. Themes occurring in definitions of illness were identified and coded according to a previously developed coding scheme. Evidence in support of a developmental process underlying conceptions of illness was found by examining adolescents' definitions and comparing them with child and adult norms established in prior research. Results for adolescents showed the frequency of use of specific themes to fall between child and adult norms. The strongest evidence in support of a developmental trend was seen in definitions of illness pertaining to changes in daily activities. However, the relative frequency of adolescents' definitions was more like that of children than adults, indicating that whereas adolescents used a greater frequency of adult-like themes, they did so within a framework more descriptive of children. Qualitative aspects of definitions of illness showed age-linked differences with adolescents generating more adult-like, conceptually sophisticated definitions than children. In addition to developmental differences, similarities in definitions of illness were also found; among all age groups the most common delineators of illness were physical symptoms. Psychosocial themes were less frequently mentioned. Clinicians who discuss with their adolescent patients the ways in which illness affects social interaction may be communicating more effectively than practitioners who focus solely on signs and symptoms of physical disease. PMID- 7322721 TI - Effect of resident peer review on charting behavior. AB - Traditionally the medical profession and, more recently, federal agencies have promoted peer review to improve quality of health care, although its effectiveness is uncertain. To assess ability of peer review to increase recording of comprehensive care, the resident charting of growth, immunizations, and family, past medical, developmental, and birth history was monitored in randomly selected charts six months before (747 charts) and six months after institution of peer review (691 charts). Faculty emphasis for charting remained uniform throughout the study. During ten 1-hour sessions, pediatric residents reviewed the charts of their colleagues for comprehensive care and other measurements using a standard form. Although faculty were not present, residents reported by post-study interview that vigorous discussion and peer pressure occurred during the sessions, and subjectively they felt their charting had improved. An objective assessment indicated charting of past medical history worsened after peer review was initiated, and charting of family history improved slightly. All changes were marginal. Charting was not related to the volume of patients seen by individual residents or their level of training but was relatively consistent for individual residents over successive rotations. PMID- 7322722 TI - Waning effectiveness of mailed reminders on reducing broken appointments. AB - Broken appointments are a major problem in many health facilities. Many studies have shown that broken appointments can be significantly reduced by mailing out appointment reminder cards. One of the first such studies was done at the Anthony L. Jordan Health Center in 1972 and showed that use of such reminders resulted in kept-appointment rates of 64% compared with 48% for control studies. Subsequently, routine use of such reminders was instituted. In March 1980, a follow-up study was conducted at the same health center to determine whether mailed reminders were still effective in reducing broken appointments. A 20% systematic random sample of 766 scheduled March appointments had their reminder cards held; the remaining 80% were mailed reminders as usual. Results showed no significant differences in "keep rates" between the two groups: 64% in those with reminders compared with 62% for those without. These findings suggest that effectiveness of mailed appointment reminders on reducing broken appointments may decrease with time. PMID- 7322723 TI - Developmental language disability as a consequence of prenatal exposure to ethanol. AB - Two pre-school-aged patients with a history of prenatal exposure to ethanol had abnormal head size and developmental delay. Both children were strikingly similar in physical appearance, behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Facial features were typical of fetal alcohol syndrome. Head circumference greater than 97th percentile without hydrocephalus and no evidence of prenatal or postnatal growth failure were unusual for ethanol teratogenicity. Each child had a similar pattern of verbal and behavioral dysfunctions characterized by (1) marked hypervigilence, (2) distractability, and (3) cognitive confusion manifested as anxiety and behavioral disorganization. It is suggested that a history of prenatal exposure to ethanol associated with (1) large head circumference, (2) facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome, and (3) early developmental delay, particularly in language acquisition, and impaired modulation of attention and arousal may represent a possible new effect of alcohol teratogenicity. PMID- 7322724 TI - Milk feeding patterns in the United States during the first 12 months of life. AB - From 1955 to 1980, mail questionnaires were administered to a nationally representative sample of mothers to determine the use of various milks for feeding infants during the first 6 months of life. Data from these surveys have demonstrated the resurgence of breast-feeding both in incidence and duration, and this increase has occurred across all income and educational levels. Statistical analysis indicated that the trends were significant (P less than .01) for all demographic categories surveyed. In January 1980, a bi-monthly telephone survey of mothers of infants 8, 10, and 12 months of age was initiated to determine milk use during later infancy. A combination of data from the mail and telephone surveys for 1980 provided information on milk feeding patterns for the first 12 months of life. PMID- 7322725 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Nutritional aspects of obesity in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7322726 TI - Schatzki ring in a newborn. PMID- 7322727 TI - Atypical Kawasaki disease with aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7322728 TI - Influence of high altitude on sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7322729 TI - Does lead at low dose affect intelligence in children? PMID- 7322730 TI - Biliary atresia. PMID- 7322731 TI - Lead levels and intelligence. PMID- 7322732 TI - The bowel cocktail. PMID- 7322733 TI - Decisions on death and dying. PMID- 7322734 TI - Don't be fatalistic. PMID- 7322735 TI - Treatment of tricyclic poisoning. PMID- 7322736 TI - Pediatric manpower. PMID- 7322737 TI - Diet and hyperactivity: is there a relationship? PMID- 7322738 TI - [Thermoadaptation in premature infants in the first few hours of life]. PMID- 7322739 TI - [Cardiac output and its relation to hemodynamic indicators in healthy newborn infants]. PMID- 7322740 TI - [Quantitative and functional evaluation of the leukocytes in newborn infants]. PMID- 7322741 TI - [Fibrogastroduodenoscopy in the differential diagnosis of pyloric spasm and pyloric stenosis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7322742 TI - [Diagnostic value of the study of lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase activity in premature infants with intracranial birth]. PMID- 7322743 TI - [Erythrocyte aggregation in normal newborn infants and those with asphyxia in te first few days of life]. PMID- 7322744 TI - [Fetofetal transfusion in monozygotic twins]. PMID- 7322745 TI - [Diagnosis of hypothyroidism in newborn infants by radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 7322746 TI - [Medico-genetic consultations in pediatrics: results and prospects]. PMID- 7322747 TI - [Characteristics of the physical development of newborn infants in Sverdlovsk]. PMID- 7322748 TI - [Phagocytosis system in infants with acute pneumonia and local bacterial infection]. PMID- 7322749 TI - [Characteristics of liver damage in children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7322750 TI - [Incidence of measles among vaccinated children with seronegative reaction]. PMID- 7322751 TI - [Diagnosis of euthyroid goiter in children]. PMID- 7322752 TI - [Effect of massage and gymnastics on the cerebral cortex function in premature infants]. PMID- 7322753 TI - [Blood coagulation changes in infants with bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7322754 TI - [Central and peripheral hemodynamics in newborn infants in the first few days of life]. PMID- 7322755 TI - [New methodological approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness of asphyxia neonatorum therapy]. PMID- 7322756 TI - [Effect of prednisolone on the blood oxygen indicators in children with rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7322757 TI - [Metabolic criteria of the severity of suppurative-septic surgical diseases in infants]. PMID- 7322758 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pineal body tumors in children]. PMID- 7322759 TI - [Ovarian dysgerminoma in girls]. PMID- 7322760 TI - [Case of late diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome in a 4-year old girl]. PMID- 7322761 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the interventricular septum]. PMID- 7322762 TI - [Characteristics of the regulation of cerebrovascular circulation in full-term newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. PMID- 7322763 TI - [Late sequelae in meningococcal infection in children]. PMID- 7322764 TI - [Neurologic complications of chickenpox]. PMID- 7322765 TI - [Pediatric cirrhosis in Iran. Anatomo-clinical study. Apropos of 80 cases]. PMID- 7322766 TI - [Biological evaluation of neonatal brain damage]. PMID- 7322767 TI - [Strangler hair or the toe tourniquet syndrome]. PMID- 7322768 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 7322769 TI - [Partial trisomy 15, 47, XY + del (15) (q21)]. PMID- 7322770 TI - [Primary invagination of the ileocecal appendix]. PMID- 7322771 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Kohler's disease]. PMID- 7322772 TI - [Present status of vitamin K]. PMID- 7322773 TI - Object permanence in the golden hamster. PMID- 7322774 TI - Long-term stability of scores on the Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. PMID- 7322775 TI - Influence of different types of physical fatigue on a visual detection task. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different types of physical fatigue-past demand for exertion-on the performance of a visual detection task performed with and without masking. 31 male subjects were first administered a VO2 max test and familiarized with the detection task. They were divided into two groups to control potential effects of masking. They were subjected to three experimental treatment involving the utilization of different sources of energy: (a) a short anaerobic alactic acid effort recruiting phosphocreatine, (b) a supramaximal effort (anaerobic lactic acid) recruiting glycogen without oxygen, and (c) a progressive (partially anaerobic) effort recruiting glycogen and oxygen. All three were performed on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected for the anaerobic lactacid and the partially anaerobic exercises. Once fatigued, all subjects undertook the detection task. A 2 X 3 X 2 X 8 analysis of variance, with repeated measures on the last three factors, was applied to the data (mask/no mask X type of exercise X pre-post performance measures X location of the letter to be detected). No significant difference was found for either the main effects or interactions, except for the location of the letter and the mask/no mask condition. It appears therefore that a physically fit population (mean VO2 max = 62.39 ml X kg(-1) X min(-1)) shows no detectable decrement in a perceptual task performed after fatiguing exercises recruiting various types of energy sources. PMID- 7322776 TI - Time estimation in humans: effects of ambient illumination and sex. AB - 7 male and 7 female college students made estimations of 15-sec. intervals in conditions of dark, low and high ambient illumination. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of illumination and illumination by sex. Increased light levels shortened time estimation except for males under high light intensity. Results are discussed in terms of arousal theory and the relevance of these factors in research on time estimation. PMID- 7322777 TI - Movement and body-image: a preliminary study. PMID- 7322778 TI - Analysis of observers' responses to the Rogers, Perls, and Ellis films. AB - Transcripts of filmed interviews by Rogers, Ellis, and Perls were classified as to verbal response categories proposed by Goodman and Dooley. Later the films were shown to 80 college undergraduates who filled out semantic differential scales at various points during the films. The three filmed therapists were rated significantly differently on the semantic differential categories of competence, benevolence, client's feelings, and therapeutic atmosphere. Each filmed therapist used significantly different patterns of verbal interaction. Stepwise regressions were calculated to determine the categories of verbal response which would account for the ratings of the undergraduate observers. PMID- 7322779 TI - Autoregulation of skin temperature with feedback-assisted relaxation of the target limb, and controlled variation in local air temperature. AB - The primary aim of this study was to determine whether feed-back-assisted skin temperature regulation can be demonstrated when skeletomuscular mediation, in the form of altered local EMG activity, is prevented. A second aim was to determine whether the success of such regulation is affected by the basal temperature of the skin. 30 adult subjects were asked to increase or decrease the temperature of the index finger of the dominant hand, while the local musculature was kept in a relaxed state using EMG feedback. The local ambient air temperature surrounding the limb was set at either 10 degrees C, 24 degrees C, or 38 degrees C, resulting in large differences in basal skin temperature. Subjects were successful at both increasing and decreasing skin temperature while maintaining an integrated EMG output below 75 muV in the target limb. The magnitude of change, much smaller than those commonly reported in this field, did not vary across the air temperature levels, indicating that skin temperature autoregulation under these conditions does not conform to the law of initial value. It was concluded that autoregulation of skin temperature can be demonstrated in a virtually flaccid limb, and that the amount of temperature change achieved is not a function of basal skin temperature. PMID- 7322780 TI - Are whole words perceptual units in reading? AB - Two experiments examined the perceptual processing of letters embedded within one or two-syllable words and visually similar nonwords. Two-choice speeded discrimination tasks were used in which subjects were informed of both the identity and location of critical display information before stimulus presentation. Exp. 1 results indicated that one-syllable words differing by two letters were more quickly discriminated than one-syllable words differing in a single letter. Such performance gains due to the presence of redundant information suggest that one-syllable words form compelling perceptual units. In contrast, similar nonword pairs differing by two letters were discriminated no faster than two nonwords differing in a single letter. This latter pattern of results also was found for two-syllable words and similar nonwords, suggesting that neither unfamiliar nonwords nor two-syllable words form compelling perceptual units. In Exp. 2 subjects were given substantial practice on a task that forced attention to multiple letters within the stimulus displays. Results replicated the findings of Exp. 1, except that performance for both one-syllable words and matched nonwords now showed improved performance in the presence of redundant information. Taken together results of the two experiments suggest that: (a) the size of compelling perceptual units seems limited, with entire words sometimes functioning as multiunit patterns and (b) unit size is not necessarily related to the correspondence between letter order and pronounceability. PMID- 7322781 TI - A confound in the standard control condition of the Stroop experiment. AB - Two experiments were performed to investigate the magnitude of the confound in the standard control condition of the Stroop experiment. The confound resides in the fact that only color changes from one item to the next in the control condition, whereas both color and configuration of the items that represent color change in the usual experimental conditions. The results of both experiments showed small but significant increases in color-naming time when both colors and non-verbal shapes changed from one item to the next. These findings are discussed in the context of the role of factors in selective attention in the color-naming task. While response competition appears to be the more substantial source of interference in Stroop color-word effects, a smaller but more general source of interference due to selective attention appears in whole-list tasks with more than one dimension of item-to-item change. PMID- 7322782 TI - The effects of physical or perceptual work loads on a coincidence/anticipation task. AB - This study was designed to analyze the effects of physical or perceptual work loads on a coincidence/anticipation task. Three experimental treatments were applied: (1) a physical work load, (2) a perceptual work load, and (3) a combination of the physical and the perceptual work loads. The dependent variable was performance on a coincidence/anticipation task, a throw at a moving target. Time errors and accuracy scores were recorded. The type of work load does not affect any of the dependent variables. However, all types of work load generated definite improvement pre- and posttest for the temporal constant error; better performance, as measured by constant error, was recorded for all subjects when the speed of the apparent movement being intercepted was 4.7 km/hr. Temporal variability was reduced in the subject performance at 8.1 km/hr. PMID- 7322783 TI - Effects of hypnosis and biofeedback upon the regulation of peripheral skin temperature. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hypnosis on the regulation of peripheral skin temperature. The independent variables were the presence of a hypnotic trance during the session on thermal regulation and the number of trials received. A two-factor mixed-design analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor showed a significant main effect for trials and a significant interaction between hypnosis and trials. It may be concluded that hypnosis, in conjunction with thermal regulation techniques, exerts a significant influence over performance. The cognitive characteristics influenced by hypnosis may account for this finding. PMID- 7322784 TI - Comparison of scores on two visual-motor tests for children referred for learning or adjustment difficulties. AB - 93 students 6 to 11 yr. old and referred for evaluation because of learning or adjustment difficulties by their classroom teachers were administered Beery's Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration and Kopitz's version of the Bender Gestalt test. Previous research with retarded samples indicated the two tests were highly correlated while one study using normal subjects yielded significant differences between the tests. The present study indicated significant mean differences between the tests and significant but moderate correlations between the measures for each of three age ranges between 6 and 11 yr. In general, Beery's test gave higher standard scores for this sample of referred students; examiners are cautioned not to use the tests interchangeably with similar populations. PMID- 7322785 TI - Comparison of sensory modes of biofeedback in relaxation training of frontalis muscle. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various sensory modes of EMG biofeedback to relaxation training of the frontalis muscle. 19 male and 29 female subjects were randomly selected from a pool of college volunteers. They were then randomly assigned 12 each to audiofeedback, visual feedback, audiovisual feedback, and no feedback groups. There were 11 20-min. sessions per subject. Subjects in the biofeedback groups were trained to reduce muscle tension voluntarily by utilizing Cyborg J33 EMG portable trainers. The subjects in the three feedback groups exhibited significantly lower muscle tension than did the subjects in the no-feedback control group. There were no significant differences in relaxation among the three feedback groups. PMID- 7322786 TI - Relationship between figure-ground perception and viewing time in a ball-catching task. AB - This investigation determined the relationship between figure-ground perception and viewing time in a ball-catching task of 34 beginning, 34 intermediate, and 30 advanced tennis players. Also analyzed were the differences between the sexes and levels of tennis skill on figure-ground perception, on the ball-catching task, and viewing time. Findings indicated that there is no relationship between figure ground perception and viewing time. No differences were noted between the sexes or levels of tennis skill on figure-ground perception; however, there were significant differences in success in ball-catching and viewing times. PMID- 7322787 TI - Selection of music therapy activities by mentally retarded young adults of low, moderate, and high activity. PMID- 7322788 TI - Sex differences in dichaptic processing. AB - The failure to control for variables known to relate to cerebral asymmetries accounts, in part, for inconsistencies in research reporting sex differences in tactuospatial processing. In the present study, a dichaptic task procedure which attempted to minimize response bias was given to 20 males and 20 females at Grades 1, 6, and undergraduate while controlling for handedness, familial sinistrality, verbal ability, and visuospatial performance. Under these controlled conditions, there was a sex difference in tactuospatial functioning. Males performed more accurately than females with the left hand at all grade levels while there was no difference between right-hand performances. Older males performed more accurately over-all than older females. These results support the hypothesis that the males' right hemisphere is more specialized for spatial processing. PMID- 7322790 TI - Fatigue. PMID- 7322791 TI - Perception. PMID- 7322789 TI - Effect of retinal location on cone critical flicker frequency. AB - This experiment investigated the differential sensitivity of various areas of the retina using flicker. For 12 subjects testing was carried out in the fovea, and 5 degrees and 6 degrees temporal to the fovea using a wavelength of 555 nm. Testing was done both in the presence of a surround beam and in its absence. In all cases, there was a 2.5- to 4-fold increase in the amount of energy needed to perceive flicker as testing was shifted from the fovea to the periphery. A number of possible explanations are suggested to account for these findings. PMID- 7322792 TI - Visual sampling of environments: a methodological note. PMID- 7322793 TI - Interaction of sensory feedback: a child-adult comparison of oral sensory and temporal articulatory function. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated a systematic increase in lingual sensory thresholds and a temporal articulatory reorganization in subjects speaking under exposure to auditory masking. These data suggest that auditory and lingual sensory feedback systems exist in a balanced interaction specific to the oral articulations involved in speech production. The present study attempted to gain additional information on this proposed interaction. Lingual sensory and temporal articulatory measurements were obtained from 10 adults and 10 children under each of four feedback conditions: (1) normal feedback, (2) exposure to binaural auditory masking during speech, (3) topical application of anesthesia to the lingual dorsum prior to speech, and (4) combined masking and anesthesia. Analysis indicated that children had lower lingual sensory thresholds than adults in all conditions and that they were more susceptible to the disruption of auditory feedback. Also, measurements of durations of vowels indicated no age-related differences with durations in both groups increasing when auditory feedback was impaired. PMID- 7322794 TI - Durations of recognition for single letters, with and without visual masking, by dyslexics and normal readers. AB - Two sets of letters, i.e., those subject to reversal/rotation such as b, d, p, and q, and others, e, i, u, w, x, and o, were tachistoscopically presented singly to 15 normal readers (aged 6 to 14 yr.) and 29 dyslexic children (aged 7 to 13 yr.). Half the presentations were subject to masking by visual noise. Contrary to a prediction based on temporal-sequencing deficiency, the dyslexics required a significantly longer time than normals for recognition. This occurred under both the masked and non-masked conditions. Reversible/rotational letters gave more difficulty than other letters only when masked, for both normals and dyslexics. This supports the hypothesis that these letters have no special relation to dyslexia. The view that dyslexia is a developmental anomaly was supported by the finding of a significant correlation between recognition-speed and age for the normal readers only. PMID- 7322795 TI - Humor and episodic memory following frontal versus posterior brain lesions. AB - 10 frontal versus 10 posterior brain-lesioned patients were studied as to their capacity to use feelings (a humor response) to aid episodic memory. Both groups were inferior to 10 controls, and frontal-lesioned patients were inferior to those with posterior lesions. However, the former had more trouble using visual cues to aid memory. Consequently, the differences between frontal- and posterior lesioned patients may not be specifically related to differences in using "feeling" cues to facilitate memory. PMID- 7322796 TI - Transient and sustained masking. PMID- 7322797 TI - The kinesthetic fusion effect: perceptual elimination of spatial discordance in the kinesthetic modality. PMID- 7322798 TI - Two strategies in fricative discrimination. PMID- 7322799 TI - On the relationship between detection and recognition. PMID- 7322800 TI - Acoustic determinants of perceptual center (P-center) location. PMID- 7322801 TI - The effects of binocular and motion-generated information on the perception of depth and height. PMID- 7322802 TI - Further developments in binocular summation. PMID- 7322803 TI - Reafference learning in the presence of exafference. PMID- 7322805 TI - Flexibility of attention between stimulus dimensions. PMID- 7322804 TI - Spatial selectivity in visual search. PMID- 7322806 TI - Speed and accuracy of same and different responses in perceptual matching. PMID- 7322807 TI - Audiovisual presentation demonstrates that selective adaptation in speech perception is purely auditory. PMID- 7322808 TI - Contrast-dependent interaction between steadily fixated lines. PMID- 7322809 TI - Foveal diplopia thresholds and fixation disparities. PMID- 7322810 TI - Principles of feature integration in visual perception. PMID- 7322811 TI - Constant errors occur in matched reproduction of angles even when likely biases are eliminated. PMID- 7322812 TI - Alphanumeric category effects: evidence against the sufficiency of a localization explanation. PMID- 7322813 TI - Visual persistence at both onset and offset of stimulation. PMID- 7322814 TI - The origin of pattern information of an apparently moving object during stroboscopic motion. PMID- 7322815 TI - On the detection of stepwise changes in a constant signal level. PMID- 7322816 TI - On the detection of a brief signal in the temporal center of a noise masker of varying duration. PMID- 7322817 TI - Is recognition accuracy really impaired when the target is repeated in the display? PMID- 7322818 TI - Units of phonological recoding of word-like stimuli used by children and adults. PMID- 7322819 TI - Saccade size in reading depends upon character spaces and not visual angle. PMID- 7322820 TI - Psychophysics discovers Piaget: comments on Frayman and Dawson (1981). PMID- 7322821 TI - Comments on the use of perceptually ambiguous figures as McCollough-effect stimuli. PMID- 7322822 TI - Highlights and the perception of glossiness. PMID- 7322823 TI - Infectious diseases. PMID- 7322824 TI - Congenital syphilis in the fetus and neonate. PMID- 7322825 TI - Perinatal listeriosis. AB - This sample of listerial infection amongst perinates is biased by small numbers and ascertainment. Nevertheless, it includes a broad spectrum of disease, with examples of established intrauterine septicemia, amniotic infection syndrome, intrapartum infection, and postnatal infection. The study shows that amniotic infection may eventuate in gestational loss, with or without invasive bacteremia and septicemia. Noteworthy are the association of perinatal listeriosis with abnormality of the birth canal, the occurrence of mixed primary infection and superinfection, and the frequency of findings suggesting underlying metabolic or humoral abnormalities. Excepting well-established septicemia with characteristic histopathology and distribution of lesions, the morphologic findings are not distinctive and are liable to be dominated by secondary complications, among which are changes reminiscent of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, endotoxemia, and circulatory compromise. PMID- 7322826 TI - Genitourinary opportunists: mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae. PMID- 7322827 TI - Congenital rubella syndrome: the late effects and their relation to early lesions. PMID- 7322828 TI - Placental involvement in maternal systemic infection. PMID- 7322829 TI - Na dependence of monosaccharide absorption in isolated rabbit small intestine, perfused through lumen and vascular bed. AB - Na dependence of D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose absorption was investigated using the isolated rabbit small intestine perfused through the lumen and the vascular bed, thus imitating in vivo conditions. No dependence of monosaccharide transport of luminal Na concentration was demonstrable if the lumen was perfused at low flow rate. Due to Na secretion, however, Na concentration in the lumen bulk phase, initially being zero, was raised to more than 20 mmol/l during the course of the experiments. Na dependence of sugar transport could be shown, however, if (1) Na secretion was decreased (by use of a vascular medium with low Na concentration) or if (2) unstirred layer thickness was reduced (by enhancement of luminal flow rate). Both conditions allowed the Na concentration near the brush border membrane to be controlled. The results provide an experimental explanation for the apparently low degree of Na dependence of monosaccharide absorption under in vivo conditions. PMID- 7322830 TI - The dependence of cardiac membrane excitation and contractile ability on active muscle shortening (cat papillary muscle). PMID- 7322831 TI - Intestinal folic acid absorption and the acid microclimate. The effects of compounds relevant to folate malabsorption. AB - The effect s of various substances and circumstances on folic acid absorption and surface pH were investigated in vitro in rat proximal jejunum. Prior consumption of alcohol and libitum, phenytoin and in vitro methotrexate had no effect on folate absorption. In contrast, ethanol in vitro, low sodium ion containing buffers in vitro and oral methotrexate given prior to experiment reduced absorption. Folate absorption did not correlate with water movement since methotrexate decreased folate but enhanced fluid absorption, ruling out direct coupling. Surface pH was elevated by the low sodium ion containing buffers, ethanol in vitro and oral methotrexate, correlating inversely with folate absorption. The parallelisms between absorption and changes in surface pH support the microclimate hypothesis of folic acid absorption where the rate of transport is largely determined by the surface pH of the proximal jejunum. PMID- 7322832 TI - Demonstration of high levels of erythropoietin in rat kidneys following hypoxic hypoxia. AB - Controversial hypotheses exist as to whether hypoxic kidneys produce biologically active erythropoietin (Ep) or an inactive erythropoietic factor that generates Ep from plasma protein in the blood. To clarify the role of the kidney in Ep production we attempted to extract Ep from kidneys of normal and of hypoxia exposed (6 h at 0.42 atm) Sprague-Dawley rats. Ep was measured in the microsomal fraction of kidney homogenates, using the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay for Ep. The Ep content was also determined in kidneys that were flushed free of blood with isotonic phosphate-buffer prior to extirpation. We found 0.04 U Ep/g in blood-depleted kidneys of normal rats. Upon exposure of the animals to hypoxia the Ep level increased to 0.92 U/g kidney. Ep levels were significantly higher in the kidney cortex than in the medulla. The erythropoietic activity in renal extracts was not enhanced after incubation of samples with homologous serum. Ep extracted from hypoxic kidneys behaved identically with plasma-Ep in the following biochemical tests: heat stability, affinity chromatography, with wheat germ lectin, ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography, and neuraminidase inactivation. These studies support the hypothesis that kidney cortex cells are capable of producing biologically active Ep. PMID- 7322833 TI - Cell volume regulation in goldfish intestinal mucosa. AB - 1. Ion and water content of goldfish intestinal mucosa, stripped free from muscular layers were measured under various incubation conditions. 2. Ouabain induces an increase in cation content that is electrically compensated for by chloride. The increase in solute content is accompanied by an increase in water content. 3. When extracellular chloride is partially replaced by sulphate, ouabain does induce cell shrinkage. 4. Anoxia induces a rapid increase in cell volume that is restored by oxygenation of the incubation solution. Ouabain prevents the restoration of volume. 5. It is concluded that the classical ouabain sensitive Na/K pump participates in the maintenance of cellular volume. We suggest that the constancy in volume after ouabain poisoning as is reported for many tissues might be due to a low chloride conductance of its membranes. 6. Anisotonic media (range: 0.6-1.2 isotonicity), made by variation on mannitol concentration, induce changes in cell water content that deviates from the simplified van't Hoff equation by about 10%. No change in water content after the initial increase was found. 7. We conclude that goldfish enterocytes do not possess a mechanism for rapid volume readjustment. PMID- 7322834 TI - Analysis of the ouabain-induced increase in transepithelial electrical resistance in the goldfish intestinal mucosa. AB - 1. The ouabain-induced increase in transmural resistance of goldfish intestinal mucosa stripped free from underlying muscular layers is analysed by comparing the resistance increase in normal and in low chloride saline, the resistance increased induced by anaerobic conditions and the resistance increase provoked by hypotonicity. 2. It is concluded that the collapse of the lateral intercellular space is the prime reason for the resistance increase and that the lateral intercellular space is maintained dilated by a ouabain-sensitive solute transport mechanism. 3. This mechanism can be either a rheogenic or a neutral Na/K-pump. In the latter case additional conditions have to be specified concerning values for ion concentrations in the lateral intercellular space and in the unstirred layer adjacent to the luminal membrane. 4. There are no indications for a chloride dependent mechanism involved in the maintenance of the width of the lateral intercellular spaces in the goldfish intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7322835 TI - Dietary obesity in adult and weanling rats following removal of interscapular brown adipose tissue. AB - In order to investigate the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), a selection of palatable, energy-dense foods (Cafeteria diet) was used to increase the energy intakes of adult and weanling male rats, from some of which interscapular BAT (IBAT) had been surgically excised. Removal of IBAT had no effect upon energy intakes of the cafeteria-fed rats, nor of controls fed a pelleted stock diet. The rate of weight gain of intact controls was similar for the two diets, but adults with IBAT removed and fed with the cafeteria diet gained weight more rapidly than those fed the stock diet. Similarly, although intact weanlings did not exhibit excess weight gain when fed the cafeteria diet, removal of IBAT did result in more rapid weight gain of the cafeteria-fed weanlings relative to their stock-fed siblings. Nevertheless, total carcass energy was increased by some 20% in cafeteria-fed animals, irrespective of whether they had had IBAT removed. Thus there was no evidence of removal of IBAT having improved the efficiency of energy utilisation for growth. The failure to find evidence for altered levels of energy expenditure following removal of IBAT does not necessarily contradict the hypothesis that BAT mediates DIT, however, since, following removal of IBAT, there was hypertrophy of remaining BAT sites which may have compensated for the BAT removed. PMID- 7322836 TI - Ionic dependence of electrical activity in small mesenteric arteries of guinea pigs. AB - The regulation of blood vessel diameter is under the control of the autonomic nervous system (as well as hormones and metabolites), sympathetic nerve stimulation evoking depolarizing post-synaptic potentials. Excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were recorded from vascular smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig small mesenteric arteries (pressurized) following nerve stimulation. Repetitive stimulation (greater than 5Hz) led to summation of EJPs, which evoked spikes and vasoconstriction. Replacing extracellular Na+ with choline (plus atropine) resulted in a decrease in EJP amplitude, but spike amplitude and maximum rate of rise (+Vmax) were unaffected. Decreasing the Ca2+ concentration produced decreases in EJP amplitude and spike +Vmax. Verapamil and bepridil, agents that depress Ca2+ influx in vascular and visceral smooth muscle, depolarized the membrane and depressed EJPs and spikes at higher concentrations (10(-5) M and 5 X 10(-6) M, respectively). The data indicate that EJPs are dependent on external Na+ and Ca2+ ions, and that spikes are dependent on Ca2+. Thus, neuromuscular transmission in this muscle is similar to that in non-vascular smooth muscles, such as intestinal muscles and vas deferens. PMID- 7322837 TI - Effects of CNS temperature on generation and transmission of temperature signals in homeotherms. A common concept for mammalian and avian thermoregulation. AB - Neurophysiological studies on avian hypothalamic thermosensitivity have presented evidence for a higher Q10 of cold than of warm signal transmission in the CNS of birds. An identical temperature dependence of central cold and warm signal transmission in mammals is suggested by considerations on the phylogeny of temperature regulation. By taking into account the experimental evidence for the existence of thermosensory afferents in the CNS of mammals and birds, being differently developed in the various sections of the neural axis and exerting quantitatively different influences on the various thermoregulatory effectors, a common concept of homeothermic thermoregulation is proposed resting on the same basic assumptions for mammals and birds. The great diversity of negative as well as positive feedback effects of CNS temperature displacements on homeothermic thermoregulation, which is particularly expressed in avian autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation and, further, certain pathophysiological conditions of disturbed thermoregulation could be accounted for by assuming quantitatively different contributions of the central thermosensory inputs of thermoregulatory effector control, but maintaining the Q10 values of hypothalamic warn and cold signal transmission constant. The proposed model, while basically additive in its mathematical design, meets a number of properties described by multiplicative models of thermoregulation. In additionally generalizes these models of predicting that changes of hypothalamic temperature modify the sensitivities with which any thermoregulatory effector responds to any thermosensory input. PMID- 7322838 TI - Electrogenic Na pump evidenced by injecting various Na salts into the isolated A V node cells of rabbit heart. AB - Electrogenicity of the Na pump was confirmed by injecting Na salts into a small cluster of A-V node cells. Injection of Na glutamate or Na acetate induced marked hyperpolarization, accompanying with cessation of spontaneous activity. The hyperpolarization exceeded EK in 27 mM K Tyrode solution and was inhibited by 10( 5) M strophanthidin. Injection of NaCl or NaI depolarized the membrane. These data showed that inward-going current carried by the injected anion antagonized the outward-going pump current and thus determined the net effect of the injection. PMID- 7322839 TI - Presence of luminal K+, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. AB - Previous data from our laboratory have shown that active transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (cTAL), as measured by the short circuit current (Lsc, microA X cm-2), requires the presence of Na+ and Cl-. The data were compatible with the model of secondarily active Cl- reabsorption involving the cotransport of Na+ and Cl- across the luminal membrane. The data suggested, furthermore, that 1 Na+ and 2 Cl- interact with the luminal carrier. In the present study it was tested whether this reabsorptive mechanism also requires the presence of luminal K+. Isolated cTAL segments (n = 40) were perfused at high flow rates with a modified Ringer's solution. Removal of K+ from the lumen reduced Isc significantly from 215 to 133 microA X cm-2. Addition of Ba2+ (10(-3) mol X 1(-1)) which blocks the K+ conductance of the luminal, membrane, to the K+-containing lumen perfusate decreased Isc significantly from 234 to 141 microA X cm-2. Combination of both manoeuvres: perfusion with a K+ free and Ba2+-containing solution almost abolished Isc from a control of 237 to 56 microA X cm-2. The results are compatible with the view that in rabbit cTAL the luminal carrier interacts with all 3 ions, possibly 1 Na+, 2 Cl-, and 1 K+. K+ recycles across the luminal membrane through its conductive pathway. PMID- 7322840 TI - Exogenous calmodulin increases Ca2+ sensitivity of isometric tension activation and myosin phosphorylation in skinned smooth muscle. AB - We have investigated the effect of exogenous calmodulin on chicken gizzard or rabbit ileum smooth muscle functionally skinned by mechanical grinding or exposure to Triton X-100 detergent. We found that specific protein inhibitor, modulator binding protein, caused a loss of Ca2+-activated tension which was restored by subsequent treatment with calmodulin. Calmodulin at 5 microM increased 10-fold the speed of development of isometric tension while it had no significant effect on the rate of relaxation or on maximum tension at high Ca2+ concentrations. The Ca2+ sensitivity of steady state tension and LC20 phosphorylation were also increased by 5 microM calmodulin. These results are consistent with a calmodulin-regulated light chain kinase/phosphatase system being responsible for activation of tension in smooth muscle. PMID- 7322841 TI - Regulation of Ca2+-activated tension in limulus striated muscle. AB - Skinned tail and leg muscle fibers of the limulus were used to study the mechanism of Ca2+ regulation of contraction. Although a Ca2+-sensitive 31,000 dalton protein phosphorylation could be observed in the presence of [gamma-32P] ATP no such phosphorylation occurred in the presence of [gamma-32P] ITP. Ca2+ activated tension occurred equally as well in ATP and ITP. For this reason we eliminated the possibility that a Ca2+-sensitive myosin light chain kinase/phosphatase system is the mechanism responsible for the Ca2+-activated tension. Other agents known to affect a myosin light chain kinase/phosphatase system showed negative results (ATP gamma S, trifluoperazine, catalytic subunit of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase and calmodulin). Troponin I reversibly inhibits Ca2+-activated tension. These results are consistent with thin filament regulation being responsible for Ca2+-activated tension in skinned fibers. PMID- 7322842 TI - The early phase of experimental acute renal failure. VI. The influence of furosemide. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether furosemide, given in doses high enough to induce a strong diuresis and to inhibit the mechanism of tubuloglomerular feedback, offers any protection from acute renal failure induced by a nephrotoxin or ischaemia. Microperfusion of the loop of Henle revealed that a tubular furosemide concentration of 5 x 10(-5) mol x 1(-1) was necessary to fully inhibit the tubuloglomerular feedback response to a raised sodium chloride concentration at the macula densa. The infusion of furosemide systemically to achieve such concentrations in the tubule resulted in an improvement in renal function when given before or after the nephrotoxin but was without effect when given before or after ischaemia. Measurements of furosemide concentrations in the urine, however, confirmed that sufficient amounts were applied to inhibit the feedback mechanism. It is concluded from this and similar studies that furosemide is only beneficial in models of acute renal failure with an obstructive or nephrotoxic pathogenesis, in which it acts by flushing out the noxious material and not by inhibiting the mechanism of tubuloglomerular feedback. PMID- 7322843 TI - Muscle weakness following eccentric work in man. PMID- 7322844 TI - Acute effects of food, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and noradrenaline on metabolic rate and brown adipose tissue in normal and atropinised lean and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. AB - 1. Intragastric feeding (40 kJ) produced a 17% rise in metabolic rate in lean Zucker rats but only an 8% increase in obese (fa/fa) rats, and both of these responses were significantly reduced by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (10 mg/kg, s.c.). 2. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a doubling of the response to food in lean rats and a threefold increase in the obese mutants, such that all atropinised animals showed the same increase in metabolic rate after food. 3. Feeding also caused a significant rise in interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature, which was greatest in the lean animals and was enhanced by atropine in both groups. 4. Injection of noradrenaline (250 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a similar (40%) rise in metabolic rate in lean and obese animals but this response was unaffected by atropine. 5. 2 Deoxy-D-glucose injection (360 mg/kg, s.c.) depressed oxygen consumption by 25 and 8% in lean and obese rats respectively and this effect was totally abolished by atropine. 6. These results suggest that the rise in metabolic rate after a meal is partly due to sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue. The reduced thermic response in obese Zucker rats is not due to insensitivity to noradrenaline, but may be partly due to parasympathetic inhibition of thermogenesis and partly to insensitivity to glucose availability. PMID- 7322845 TI - Mechanical properties of the isolated inferior oblique muscle of the rabbit. AB - The passive-mechanical and dynamic properties of the rabbit inferior oblique muscle IO were studied in vitro at 35 degrees C. The influence of length on the resting tension and isometric contractions were determined. Maximum twitch tension and fusion tension were developed at optimum length (Lo) an extension of the muscle to about 1.15 times LR, the resting length of the IO in situ. A linear relation was found between length and tension in the activated muscle. An increase in stimulation frequency induced a parallel shift in the curves to higher tension but the slope of the curves remained unchanged. On an average the IO had in response to direct massive stimulation a twitch contraction time of 6.4 ms and a half-relaxation time of 7.0 ms. At stimulation with 300 Hz or above the tetanus fused. Stimulus frequencies above fusion frequency increased the rate of tension rise but not the maximum tetanic tension. The maximum tetanic tension was about 6.4 N/cm2, and the twitch:tetanus ratio was 0.1. To prolonged tetanic stimulations the IO exhibited a high fatigue resistance. Cooling the muscle to 25 degrees C was followed by an increase in the time parameters of single twitches and tetanic contractions, a decrease of the tension developed in a fused tetanus and a small potentiation of the twitch. Following a repetitive stimulation a small post-tetanic potentiation of the twitch was observed. PMID- 7322846 TI - Contractures in normal and denervated inferior oblique muscle of the rabbit. AB - Isometric contracture responses of normal and denervated inferior oblique muscles (IO) of the rabbit have been investigated in vitro at 35 degrees C. The threshold concentration for eliciting potassium contractures was about 20 mM K+. In normal IU low potassium concentrations up to about 50 mM K+ evoked only sustained contractures, higher concentrations were responded by contractures with an initial transient component. The transient tension development was maximal at about 100 mM K+ the sustained component at 80 mM K+. After denervation the characteristic time course of the contractures was not changed, but the tension output of the preparation was diminished and long-term denervated IO have a somewhat lowered threshold. In normal IO acetylcholine (ACh), succinylcholine (SCh) and choline (Ch) caused also sustained contractures, the threshold doses were about 5 microM for ACh and SCh and 500 microM for Ch. The ACh sensitivity of the preparations was increased by physostigmine and decreased or abolished by d tubocurarine. Denervation increased the drug sensitivity but the shape of the contractures was hardly influenced. The properties of slow tonic muscle fibres in mammalian extraocular muscles (EOM) probably responsible for sustained contractures and their changes after denervation are discussed. PMID- 7322847 TI - Changes in mechanical properties of the inferior oblique muscle of the rabbit after denervation. AB - The inferior oblique muscle (IO) of the rabbit was denervated. The mechanical properties of the muscles were determined at 35 degrees C in vitro 2--76 days after the operation. After denervation the muscles exhibited a considerable hypertrophy. The cross-sectional area of muscles denervated 30 days or longer grew to about twice as innervated controls. The length-tension relationship of passive or activated long-term denervated IO differed from normal in a higher stiffness. After denervation the time parameters of single twitches and tetanic contractions evoked by massive stimulation were prolonged, the fusion frequency was decreased, and the fatigue resistance was increased. During the first week after cutting the motor nerve both twitch and tetanic tensions decreased drastically. A minimum was reached at the end of the second weak. In the subsequent weeks the tension development was increased again, but per unit cross sectional area it was always smaller than in innervated muscles. After denervation the twitch:tetanus ratio was increased. Cooling to 25 degrees C was followed by an increase in time parameters of single twitches and tetanic contractions and by a depression of twitch and tetanic tensions. Following a repetitive stimulation denervated IO showed a posttetanic depression of the single twitch. PMID- 7322848 TI - Activity of warm receptors in Boa constrictor raised at various temperatures. AB - Nine young specimens of Boa constrictor were raised for 4 years in a climatic chamber at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C under artificial illumination. Seven boas were raised at 23 degrees C under the same conditions. At the end of the adaptation period, mean body weight of the warm adapted boas was 9.6 +/- 0.8 kg and that of the cold adapted ones 5.9 +/- 0.3 kg. Static and dynamic activities of single specific trigeminal warm fibers were recorded when applying static temperatures of 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35 and 38 degrees C and dynamic warming steps of 3 degrees C, the initial temperatures being 20, 23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 degrees C. Eighty-nine warm fibers were examined in the warm adapted and 62 fibers in the cold adapted group. The average static frequencies between 29 and 35 degrees C were higher in the warm adapted animals, the respective values for both groups at 32 degrees C being 16.5 and 12 s-1. The average peak frequencies for dynamic warming were 80 s-1 for both groups, but the temperature of the dynamic maximum was shifted from 32 degrees C in the warm adapted to 26 degrees C in the cold adapted boas. At 32 and 35 degrees C the average peak frequencies were higher in the warm adapted animals. The whole fiber population contained various groups with static maxima between 23 and 35 degrees C. Long term adaptation modified mainly the static and dynamic discharge of the low temperature fibers. The fiber group with a static maximum at 29 degrees C showed a crossing of the static and dynamic frequency-temperature curves. In the higher temperature range the warm adapted animals had a higher and in the lower temperature range a lower static and dynamic frequency. PMID- 7322849 TI - Phosphaturic response of hydrocortisone in the presence and the absence of parathyroid hormone. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on the renal Pi transport in the presence and in the absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the rat was examined using clearance techniques. During constant infusion of PTH in parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats, HC decreased the reabsorption of Pi from 2.84 to 2.33 mumol/min (P less than 0.001), the TmPi from 4.55 to 3.83 mumol/min (P less than 0.001), the reabs. Pi/GFR values from 0.93 to 0.74 (P less than 0.001) and the TmPi/GFR from 1.73 to 1.42 mumol/ml (P less than 0.001). In the absence of PTH, HC diminished the TmPi from 8.36 to 6.58 mumol/min (P less than 0.005) and the TmPi/GFR from 3.36 to 2.51 mumol/ml (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the phosphaturic response of hydrocortisone may be important in the homeostasis of inorganic phosphate in the body. PMID- 7322850 TI - [Chronic renal failure and radiological appearance of hyperparathyroidism.(1) Bone changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322851 TI - [Roentgenographic appearance of augmentation mammoplasty with emphasis on the relationship between implanted materials and calcification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322852 TI - [Usefulness of tandem hysterography--tandem hysterography: a method to prevent local recurrence after radical radiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322853 TI - [Clinical usefulness of 67Ga uptake ratio measurement in lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322854 TI - A scale and pointer for observation of the stereoscopic magnification image. PMID- 7322855 TI - [Immunological factors correlated in radiation effect in cancer patients treated by radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy with combined chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7322856 TI - Culling of gilts with special reference to reproductive failure. AB - The present investigation comprised 2041 gilts (Swedish Landrase + Swedish Yorkshire) selected for breeding purposes at 10 weeks of age belonging to one large herd in Sweden. Of all selected gilts 54.5% were culled without farrowing any litter. The reproductive disturbances represented 21.7% of the cullings and together with slow growth rate, high backfat thickness and inverted teats, constituted the main reason for culling. In gilts above 9 months of age 66.9% of the cullings were caused by reproductive disturbances, anoestrus being the dominating reason. Only 2.8% of gilts born during July-September were culled because of oestrous failure, while the corresponding figure for gilts born during January-March was 9.6% (p less than 0.001). Furthermore a highly significant annual variation was found among gilts culled because of anoestrus (p less than 0.001). Among expected pregnant gilts 6.6% were culled because of failure to farrow. PMID- 7322857 TI - Effects of environmental change on udder health of dairy cows. AB - Udder health in a herd, moved from an old long-standing cowshed to a new short stall cowshed and udder health in another herd, moved from an old loose house to a new one was investigated. The stall length was too short, the insulation of the stalls and the ventilation were poor causing risks to udder health in the long standing cowshed. After the repair of these factors udder health improved in the tying stall. A bigger milking parlour in the new loose housing cowshed caused overmilking under the first weeks after the change, and the incidence of teat tip injuries and mastitis increased. PMID- 7322858 TI - Effect of environmental change on injuries of udder and legs in dairy cows. AB - Injuries of udder and legs of dairy cows in a changed production environment were studied in two herds. The frequency of injuries of udder and teat skin decreased in the renovated tying stall. The stall length and also the cubicle length was too short for large cows in old cowsheds which caused lesions on the skin of udder and legs. The new concrete on floors was rough and kept the wearing of hooves moderate. The yoke tying and the low level of manger worsened the fore leg conditions in the renovated tying stall. In the new loose house the incidence of injuries did not change markedly. PMID- 7322859 TI - Acroosteolysis of Phalanx III in Danish Landrace pigs. A radiological and histological study. AB - The herd examined is considered to be a typical representative of Danish pigherds. The investigation shows that acroosteolysis is highly prevalent. As for most pathological conditions in the legs of pigs the condition is concentrated around the bigger of an uneven pair of toes. Frequency and extent of the lesions in the animals are increased with increasing age and with increasing difference in size between the paired toes. Acroosteolysis is caused by vasculitis in the distal vessels followed by osteolysis. During the later development of the condition there is no healing or callus formation in the osteolytic areas, but an extension of the free osseous areas with an apposition of osseous tissue is observed. The clinical manifestations are not specific. The condition is not hereditary, and there are no sex-correlations. The histological appearance is comparable to that of allergic reactions due to e.g. erysipeloid in pigs, and also to allergic acroosteolytic conditions in humans (Raynaud's phenomenon). Therefore, an allergic etiology cannot be rejected. PMID- 7322860 TI - [Alteromonas putrefaciens. Taxonomy and cultivation (author's transl)]. AB - The morphology and biochemical activity of pseudomonas/Alteromonas putrefaciens is described. Features indicating the uncertain taxonomic position of the organism are discussed, and it is pointed out why A. putrefaciens does not fit into neither Pseudomonas nor Alteromonas, but should be considered as a separate unit or group. Table I shows criteria which can be used for differentiation between A. putrefaciens and the genera pseudomonas, Alcaligenes and Alteromonas. Essential characteristics are it's ability to decarboxylate ornithine, it's production of a typical pink pigment and the production of H2S in suitable media. Methods for isolation and quantitation of the organism are generally based on the latter two characteristics. PMID- 7322861 TI - [isolation and identification of Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)]. AB - The classification of the Yersinia enterocolitica group into the true Yersinia enterocolitica and the Yersinia enterocolitica-like types based on DNA structure, pathogenicity, host-adaptation and ecology, tables III and IV, is now so well established that relatively few biochemical tests, table I, easily differentiate the true Yersinia enterocolitica from the Yersinia enterocolitica-like types, and further differentiate the 6 biotypes, table II. The isolation technique is described in details and in a flow diagram, table V. The use of a selective enrichment- and subcultivation-technique separate the human-pathogenic serotypes from the environmental, saprophytic types. PMID- 7322863 TI - [The effects of feeding NaOH treated straw to dairy cows with special reference to the reaction of the kidneys (author's transl)]. AB - Fattening bulls were given alkali-treated straw during 5--7 months. The daily intake of Na was 10 times greater than the requirement. The daily increase in body-weight was very high (1571--1898 g per day). No negative influence on animal health was recorded. The size of the kidneys did not increase, nor were there any histopathological abnormalities which could be attributed to the overfeeding with Na. PMID- 7322862 TI - [The effects of feeding NaOH-treated straw to dairy cows with special reference to acid-base balance and ruminal function (author's transl)]. AB - Four moderately yielding cows were for 9 weeks given 4.8 kg dry substance of unneutralized, alkali-treated straw and 150 g urea, implying a great surplus of Na and alkali. With the exception of tympanitis on one occasion, no symptoms of disease were found. In spite of subfeeding with protein, no evident reduction in yield occurred during the experimental period. The rumen function was not negatively influenced by the excess of Na and alkali. The Na content in blood serum increased during the experimental period. At the same time there was an increase of bicarbonate and base excess in arterial blood. The alkalosis was, however, only mild and well compensated. PMID- 7322864 TI - [Pleuropneumonia in swine due to Haemophilus pleuropneumonia s. parahaemolyticus. II. Studies on the epidemiology and the relation to chronic pleuritis (pleural scars) in baconers (author's transl)]. AB - Within a Danish practice area a serological examination was made of 268 breeding animals in 25 conventional sow herds with a view to screening for herd infection with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Average size of the herds was 76 year-sows including pregnant gilts (8--200). In 23 herds produced weaners were fed for slaughtering. The frequency of chronic pleuritis in slaughtered baconers in these herds was related to the frequency of seropositive sows in the herds. Three SPF herds were included in the investigation, a SPF baconer herd reinfected with H. pleuropneumoniae, a SPF baconer herd reinfected with Mycoplasma suipneumoniae and a SPF breeding herd infected with Haemophilus parasuis. Complement fixation antibodies against Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were found in breeding animals in 22 out of the 25 conventional sow herds. The average incidence of seropositive breeding animals in infected herds was 62% (7%--100%), highest in the largest herds. Likewise the highest serotitres were found in the largest herds, as an expression of strong infection pressure in large herds. The highest titre values were found in boars and young sows. The frequency of seronegative sows was the highest among the oldest sows. The registered frequency of chronic pleuritis among baconers from the examined herds was found increasing along with higher frequency of seropositive sows in the herds. On the basis of these observations and on the basis of a comparison of chronic pleuritis frequency among baconers in six herds (two with high frequency of seropositive breeding animals, one with moderate frequency of seropositive breeding animals, and 3 SPF-herds, one of which had been reinfected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, one reinfected with Mycoplasma suipneumoniae and one that had experienced an acute outbreak of Glasser's Syndrome) it is concluded that haemophilus pleuropneumoniae is the absolutely most important cause of chronic pleuritis in baconers. A pronounced seasonal variation was found in the monthly pleuritis frequency among baconers in herds strongly infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, the minumum frequency being in January-February, and the maximum frequency in July-October. It is supposed that the observed variation in frequency of chronic pleuritis is caused by changes in the environmental climate. High frequency of chronic pleuritis is caused by changes in the environmental climate. High frequency is found in the summer in slaughtered baconers, which have been clinically affected by pleuropneumonia as piglets and weaners under inferior climatic conditions during the colder season of the year. PMID- 7322865 TI - [Quality changes in iced shrimps (Pandalus borealis). II Changes in the contents of trimethylamine oxide and volatile nitrogen bases during automatic boiling and peeling (author's transl)]. AB - Post mortem trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in marine animals is reduced to trimethylamine (TMA), and the degradation of proteins causes an increase in the ammonia (NH3) content. During ice-storage NH3 and TMA usually make up the major part of the total content of volatile nitrogen bases (TVN) which are formed during the degradation process. The formation of TMA and NH3 is probably caused mainly by bacterial enzymes. The contents of TMA and TVN in marine fish and shrimps are important objective criteria in supporting organoleptic examinations of such raw materials. During automatic boiling, peeling and rinsing processes in shrimp factories, some of these water-soluble and volatile compounds will be extracted by the boiling water and possibly evaporated. In this investigation we have attempted to estimate the loss of TMAO, TMA and TVN in shrimp muscle during this automatic processing. The investigation includes experiments in the laboratory (Table I, Figure 1) and in two factories (Table II-III, Figure 2-3). The results show that about 50% of the contents of TMAO-N, TMA-N and TVN probably will be lost from the shrimps during automatic processing. Adding approximately 100% TMA-N and TVN to the analysed contents in boiled, peeled and rinsed shrimps will therefore probably give the same level of these compounds as that found in the raw shrimps used. An accurate measurement of the TMA- and TVN-content in shrimp produced under known condition in North-Norwegian shrimps factories could give an objective indication of the quality of the raw shrimps used. In accordance with Norwegian shrimp regulations, only the fresh, healthy shrimps are allowed to be produced. PMID- 7322866 TI - Note on parasitic granulomas in the liver of Swedish moose (Alces alces L). PMID- 7322867 TI - Cutaneous besnoitiosis in a Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L). PMID- 7322868 TI - Tetracycline intravenously to cattle--cardiovascular side-effects. PMID- 7322869 TI - Incidence of some metabolic diseases in dairy cows. AB - The incidence of parturient paresis, nonparturient paresis, ketosis and tetany were examined from 283 herds (2,590 cows per year) over a period of eight years. These metabolic diseases made up 29.4% of the cases treated by veterinarians during the farm visits. Significant variation in annual incidences was found only in ketosis. The monthly variation in parturient paresis and ketosis differed highly significantly from the seasonal variation in calving. They were most frequent in March-April. Most of the tetany cases were diagnosed in May-June. The incidence of parturient paresis (0.095 cases per cow per year) and the incidence of ketosis (0.058) varied significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of nonparturient paresis (0.008) and tetany (0.002) did not vary significantly between herds of different size. The incidence of ketosis was significantly higher on farms with milk recording than on other farms. The type of cowshed did not affect the incidence of metabolic disease. PMID- 7322870 TI - Field observations on the incidence of bovine clinical mastitis and teat diseases. AB - The incidence of bovine clinical mastitis, thelitis and teat wounds was investigated in 283 herds over a period of eight years (about 2590 cows per year). The incidence of clinical mastitis treated on farm visits was 0.102 cases per cow per year and the total incidence with cases treated by phone orders was about 0.26. The incidence of mastitis increased 6% per year. Mastitis occurred more frequently in March-April. The peak of seasonal variation of thelitis (incidence 0.032) was in April-May and that of teat wounds (incidence 0.008) in June-September. The size of herd and participating in milk recording affected the incidence of mastitis. The type of housing affected the incidence of teat diseases but not that of mastitis. Herds with a high incidence of mastitis also had a high incidence of thelitis, r = 0.41. PMID- 7322871 TI - Hypocalcaemia in the ewe. AB - Hypocalcaemia was verified in 74.4% of 78 ewes with a clinical diagnosis of hypocalcaemia, the corresponding figure for 99 ewes with an uncertain clinical diagnosis of hypocalcaemia being 21.2%. The tendency to developed hypocalcaemia increased with increasing age. Hypocalcaemic cases were recorded from about 2 months prior to lambing to approx. 11/2 months after lambing, most frequently occurring during the period 2-4 weeks before lambing. The number of lambs in ewes which developed hypocalcaemia was on the average greater than in a group of healthy control ewes. Plasma Ca was higher in ewes with hypocalcaemia which stood firmly as compared with atactic or recumbent cases, and higher in those which showed tetany, were restless or which appeared to be relatively normal, than in those which were dull or comatose. Plasma Mg was lowest in the ewes with tetany. Values for ASAT, ALAT, bilirubin, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in hypocalcaemic ewes than in the healthy control ewes. In the hypocalcaemic ewes, plasma Ca and packed cell volume were negatively correlated, while plasma Ca and plasma P were positively correlated. Approx. 20% of the ewes with hypocalcaemia did not recover. These had higher average plasma Ca and lower average plasma Mg at first treatment than those which recovered. The mortality rate in ewes treated after parturition was higher than in those treated before parturition. Of the hypocalcaemic cases which recovered, approx. 25% required more than one treatment. Ewes which developed hypocalcaemia before lambing and which recovered, lost 22% of their lambs, the main reason probably being premature birth. The differential diagnosis of hypocalcaemia is discussed in the light of clinical and clinico-chemical findings in normocalcaemic ewes to which a diagnosis of clinical or uncertain clinical hypocalcaemia had been given. PMID- 7322872 TI - Studies on the anthelmintic effect of a sustained release pre-grazing treatment with morantel in grazing cattle in Sweden. AB - The effect of a morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) to control gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle grazing their first season was assessed under field conditions in Sweden. The MSRB was administered orally to calves immediately prior to turnout onto spring pastures in May 1978. The level of pasture contamination of infective larvae was decreased by 73 per cent in August and by 98 per cent in September. There was a 72 per cent reduction in worm burdens acquired over the entire grazing season. During the same period the mean improvement in weight gain was 21.5 kg per animal. Weight gains were also recorded during housing until slaughter in April 1979, i.e. 335 days after MRSB administration at which time the treated animals were on an average 17.1 kg heavier than controls. PMID- 7322873 TI - Further studies on the anthelmintic effect of a sustained release pre-grazing treatment with morantel in grazing cattle in Sweden. AB - The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) to control gastrointestinal parasitism in first season grazing cattle was assessed under field conditions in Sweden. The MSRB was administered orally to calves immediately prior to turnout onto spring pastures in May, 1979, or in mid-season (July). The level of pasture contamination with infective larvae was reduced by 99 per cent in September by treatment at turnout. The corresponding figure was 89 per cent when the MSRB was administered in July. There was a 95 per cent reduction in worm burdens acquired over the entire grazing season in cattle treated in the early season and a 44 per cent reduction in worm burdens of cattle treated in the mid-season. During the 132 days grazing period a 19.1 kg (p less than 0.01) mean weight gain advantage was achieved by the early season treated animals, while a 10.0 kg mean weight gain advantage was achieved by the mid season treatment. The weight gain advantage at the end of the grazing season in the early treated cattle increased continually during the winter with a resultant mean difference of 44.4 kg (p less than 0.01) by April 1980. Over the same period the mean weight gain advantage of the mid-season treated animals gradually fell to a final of 5.5 kg. PMID- 7322875 TI - [Histological and bacteriological examination of uterus from the repeat breeder gilt and sow (author's transl)]. AB - The investigation comprised sexual organs from 25 gilts and 97 sows culled because of repeat breeding. Among the gilts 24.0 per cent and among the sows 25.8 per cent had endometritis. The following germs were present in uterus from gilts and sows with signs of endometritis: Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pyogenes, alpha-hemolytiske streptococcer, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella sp., Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Citrobacter sp. Among gilts and sows with germs present in uterus 40.9 per cent had endometritis. The corresponding per cent among gilts and sows without germs present was 25.0. PMID- 7322874 TI - Use of a prostaglandin analogue (cloprostenol) for induction of parturition in pigs with prolonged gestation. AB - The effect of a prostaglandin analogue (cloprostenol) for initiation of parturition in sows with prolonged gestation (greater than or equal to 117 days) has been studied. The length of the period from injection to farrowing varied from 15 to 48 hours in sows with plasma progesterone level higher than 10.0 nmol/l at treatment, being on average 25.7 hours. Litter size at birth and at time of weaning are presented. PMID- 7322876 TI - [Caesium 137 in meat from reindeer and grouse from Svalbard 1980 (author's transl)]. AB - Concentration of Caesium 137 in meat from Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and mainland Norway reindeer has been measured. It appears that the concentration values for Spitsbergen are of the order of 1 per cent of corresponding values for the mainland. It is suggested that low precipitation rates and a different reindeer diet contributes to the low Cs 137 concentration values in Svalbard. The concentration of Cs 137 in Svalbard grouse did not exceed the detection limit of the measurements (infinity 10 pCi/kg). PMID- 7322877 TI - Neutralization bone-plating repair of a fractured radius and ulna in a lynx. A case report. AB - The article describes a case of radius/ulna fracture in a lynx, Felix (Lynx) lynx. Osteosynthesis was performed using a combination of a dog bone plate at ulna and medullary pins in radius. The special anatomical features of the radius and ulna of the lynx determined the choice of surgical technique. PMID- 7322878 TI - [Porphyria]. PMID- 7322879 TI - [When is surgery of ventricular tachycardia indicated?]. PMID- 7322880 TI - [Familial and sporadic porphyria cutanea symptomatica (author's transl)]. AB - The measurement of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is an easy method to divide porphyria cutanea symptomatica into two different types: (1) a familial type in which erythrocyte urodecarboxylase activity is reduced by about 50% in the patient and in apparently healthy members of his family, the inheritance pattern being consistent with an autosomal dominant trait; and (2) a more widespread sporadic type, with normal erythrocyte urodecarboxylase activity. In the familial type, the enzyme deficiency was found to be present in all tissues examined, whereas in the sporadic type it appears to be restricted to the liver. PMID- 7322881 TI - [Relationship between bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobial agents and their consumption (author's transl)]. AB - Computerized data on the sensitivity of 20,006 strains of Gram-negative bacilli to ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid and co trimoxazole were collected and evaluated in relation to drug consumption and hospital activity. Despite species-related differences, global sensitivity increased from 1975 to 1978 by 44.8% for cephalotin, 14.4% for ampicillin, 7.1% for gentamicin and 4.8% for tobramycin. There was no change in sensitivity to nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole. During the same period the consumption of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides decreased by 28% and 21% respectively. Following a decrease between 1975 and 1977, the consumption of ampicillin and of nalidixic acid (and related compounds) went up again to reach in 1978 the same level as in 1975. Co-trimoxazole consumption remained unchanged. Since hospital activity remained the same throughout the period under study, it seems justified to correlate the increase in bacterial sensitivity observed to the decrease in consumption of antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7322882 TI - [Acute cardiac liver. Diagnostic problems in 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four personal cases with histological examination of the liver and a review of 70 cases collected from the literature have enabled the authors to develop the diagnostic problems involved in acute cardiac liver. An accurate diagnosis of this condition, which consists of acute hepatic cytolysis on a background of heart failure, can only be based on its course and/or on the presence of histological changes in the liver. PMID- 7322883 TI - [Local pseudocancerous inflammatory polyposis in Crohn's disease of the colon. Usefulness of coloscopy (author's transl)]. AB - In Crohn's granulomatous colitis large pseudopolyps may produce local lesions with radiological images resembling cancer. In the case reported here, three successive lesions of similar radiological appearance located on different sites were found on post-operative examination to be proliferative pseudopolyps adjacent to typical granulomas. In all previously published cases, even when the patient was known to have Crohn's disease colectomy was invariably performed, probably for fear of a malignant tumour. Coloscopy, and particularly biopsies showing non-malignant lesions, could result in conservative treatment. Granulomas are more exceptionally found. PMID- 7322884 TI - [Decompensated cardiac valve disease associated with tight aortic stenosis. Surgical cure in one stage (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 2 cases of severe cardiac valve disease associated with tight stenosis of the aortic isthmus for which the standard techniques could not be safely applied owing to patients' poor condition. Inserting by the median route a dacron tube between the ascending aorta and the subdiaphragmatic descending aorta immediately after heart valve replacement under extracorporeal circulation in our experience proved a simple and safe technique. PMID- 7322885 TI - [Cerebral thrombophlebitis disclosing typhoid fever]. PMID- 7322886 TI - [Myocardial insufficiency in acute carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 7322887 TI - [Water intoxication attributed to haloperidol]. PMID- 7322888 TI - [Cerebral creatine kinase; prognostic value of elevated levels at birth]. PMID- 7322889 TI - [Lymphocytic nodular Poppema type Hodgkin's disease. A little known entity]. PMID- 7322890 TI - [Diagnosis of kidney tumors. Is scanning a luxury or a necessity?]. PMID- 7322891 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infections]. PMID- 7322892 TI - [Demonstration of renal arteries by tomography during intravenous urography (author's transl)]. AB - A new method to demonstrate the renal arteries is presented. It consists of taking with a Synchroplan apparatus simultaneous tomographic sections during the aortic and arterial stage of intravenous urography (IVU). Direct visualization of the vessels avoids the false negative results of IVU alone in investigations of renovascular lesions, such as bilateral stenosis of the renal artery, stenoses with few functional disorders, aneurysms and associated arterial and urinary lesions. Lesions of the infra-renal portion of the aorta and of the splanchnic arteries are also visualized. In a series of 37 patients investigated for renovascular hypertension, the new method proved more sensitive, more specific and of higher predictive value than conventional IVU. In another series of 19 patients who had undergone revascularization of the kidneys, the authors were able to obtain good visualization of the new vascular system and to establish correlations between morphological features and the effects of hypertension. The method therefore appears to be valuable in detecting renovascular lesions in arterial hypertension, monitoring renal artery lesions and following up patients with surgical revascularization. PMID- 7322893 TI - [Liposarcoma in adults. Prognostic factors in a series of 84 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 84 patients with liposarcoma treated at the Gustave Roussy Institute between 1956 and 1978 has elicited a number of factors which influence the prognosis, namely: (1) the site of the initial tumour: patients with liposarcoma of the head, trunk and extremities have a better survival rate than those with retroperitoneal tumours or tumours of the pelvic and pectoral girdles; (2) the histological type: differentiated forms have a brighter prognosis than undifferentiated forms; (3) the size of the tumour: tumours of less than 10 cm in diameter have a more favourable prognosis than larger tumours; and (4) the patient's age, which in fact correlates with the histological type. Local recurrences are common but do not seem to worsen the prognosis. The only curative treatment is surgery, but radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrences and chemotherapy may be considered in cases with poor prognosis. PMID- 7322894 TI - [Recurrent neurological accidents due to pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of recurrent cerebral embolism in a 43-year-old patient with a familial form of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and review their experience of 19 cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Neurological complications were rare but considerably aggravated the disease. They were due to a significant right/left shunt but remained unpredictable, being unrelated to peripheral arterial saturation. The pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities are discussed. PMID- 7322895 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in hospital patient. Results in 3650 tests (author's transl)]. AB - The presence or absence of circulating immune complexes was investigated by the polyethylene-Clq immunodiffusion test in 3650 sera from 3000 hospital patients. Circulating immune complexes were detected in a large number of various diseases, but they were not always present, even in cases of diseases considered as caused by them. Testing for circulating immune complexes therefore is of limited clinical value and is only justified when there are hopes of finding a responsible antigen. PMID- 7322896 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia associated with Yersinia intestinal lesions detected by colonoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - A 78-year-old patient previously operated upon for rectal carcinoma and who had no sign of immune system deficiency developed septicaemia. Blood cultures were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica (chemotype 4, serotype 0 : 3, lysotype VIII) and the histocompatibility antigen HLA B 27 was present. The disease responded to gentamicin and doxycycline. Colonoscopy was performed on the 8th day through the permanent colostomy opening and showed lesions of the ascending colon typical of Yersinia enterocolitis : whitish, oval ulcerations on an erythematous background. This appears to be the first published case of Yersinia septicaemia where lesions of intestinal Yersinia infection were found on colonoscopy. PMID- 7322897 TI - [Culture of clone-forming cells from human tumours and its practical applications (author's transl)]. AB - Tumoral stem cells capable of multiplying can be selected from human tumours by in vitro culture techniques. These are the cells which renew the tumour and form metastases. Placed in a suitable agar medium, they give birth to cellular clones. The selection of clone-forming cells from human tumours makes it possible to devise chemograms, as has successfully been done in the U.S.A. by the Salmon and von Hoff teams. Working on a fairly large number of different cancers and using in vitro tests in the presence of drugs, these scientists were able to predict chemosensitivity and chemoresistance in 62 to 96% of tumours. The new techniques and results are presented and discussed. PMID- 7322898 TI - [Glomerulonephritis with intercapillary IgA deposits in benign monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 7322899 TI - [Primary papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum]. PMID- 7322900 TI - [Left superior vena cava : a cause of failure of transjugular liver biopsy and difficulty inserting a pacemaker catheter]. PMID- 7322901 TI - [Complications of valve prosthesis. Early detection. Prevention]. PMID- 7322902 TI - [Immune complexes and complement in leprosy (author's transl)]. AB - The sera of 87 Senegalese patients with various forms of leprosy were investigated. Two of the most reliable methods were used to detect circulating immune complexes : the radiolabelled C1q binding test and the Raji cell binding technique. Several fractions of complement, including C3, C4, factor B and the C3d product of C3 were also assayed. A material having the properties of immune complexes was detected in lepromatous and reactional leprosy. In tuberculous leprosy, only the Raji cell binding technique gave positive results. C3 and C4 were normal or slightly raised, but C3d was increased in all forms of the disease. There was no significant correlation between C3d values and the results of immune complexes detection tests. PMID- 7322903 TI - [Is age a prognostic factor in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland? (author's transl)]. AB - Reviewing the outcome of 82 patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland operated upon and followed up for more than 5 years, the authors were unable to find any difference between "younger" *under 45) and "older" (above 45) patients. They wonder whether the poorer prognosis of differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma in older patients could be due to to the tumour being usually more advanced in such patients at the time of diagnosis rather than to age itself. II this were the case, there would be no need to tailor the operative procedure to the patient's age. PMID- 7322904 TI - [Encephalopathy with pure nicotinic acid deficiency in alcoholic patients. Two cases, with anatomoclinical study in one (author's transl)]. AB - Two chronic alcoholic patients developed severe encephalopathy while receiving high doses of parenteral thiamine and pyridoxine. Both presented with unusually marked hypertonia of the gegenhalten type, myoclonias and fluctuating mental impairment with memory disturbances and hallucinations. Later on, one patient went into stupor and coma and died ; the other recovered after parenteral niacin treatment. No skin lesions or diarrhoea were observed. Post-mortem examination of the first patient confirmed the presence of a pellagra-like encephalopathy characterized by widespread neuronal chromatolysis. There were no changes suggesting an associated alcoholic encephalopathy. PMID- 7322905 TI - [Lumbar spondylodiscitis after insertion of a Mobin-Uddin caval "umbrella" filter (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of staphylococcal spondylodiscitis after insertion of a Mobin-Uddin caval "umbrella" filter are reported. This complication, not previously described, occurred as result of staphylococcal septicaemia with secondary inoculation of the intervertebral disc. The patients were cured after the umbrella filters were removed. PMID- 7322906 TI - [Medical treatment of epilepsy : monotherapy versus polytherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Although anticonvulsant polytherapy has traditionally been used on a large scale in epilepsy, there is little evidence that it has advantages over monotherapy. Furthermore, it leads to problems of chronic toxicity, drug interactions, failure to evaluate individual drugs, and sometimes exacerbation of seizures. In many cases polytherapy could be avoided by more careful monitoring and supervision of patient's compliance. Studies in new, previously untreated patients suggest that there is considerable potential for monotherapy. In chronic patients on polytherapy, there may be opportunities for careful rationalization to two or even one drug, with subsequent reduction of chronic toxicity and sometimes improvement in seizure control. Reduction of the number of drugs, however, may be impossible or hazardous owing to withdrawal seizures. It is easier to avoid polytherapy than to reduce it. PMID- 7322907 TI - [Minithoracotomy without muscle division. Value in surgery of the aortic isthmus in children (author's transl)]. AB - A new approach to the aortic isthmus by left postero-lateral minithoracotomy without division is described. The technique is simple and rapid and provides excellent functional and cosmetic results. It is particularly suitable for surgery of the aortic isthmus in children. PMID- 7322908 TI - [Single left superior vena cava and sinus failure. Value of permanent cardiac stimulation by a catheter implanted in the right atrium]. PMID- 7322909 TI - [Fisher syndrome : immunologic disease?]. PMID- 7322910 TI - [Pallidostriatal necrosis after Hymenoptera sting. Parkinsonian syndrome]. PMID- 7322911 TI - [Fatal Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis superimposed on an immunodepressed state]. PMID- 7322912 TI - [Low blood zinc levels in children with nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In 14 children with nephrotic syndrome the mean blood zinc level (10.6 +/- 2.2 micromol/l) was found to be significantly lower than that of 113 control children (24.7 +/- 7.3 micromol/l). The blood albumin/zinc ratio was also lower in nephrotic children (1.80 +/- 0.57) than in healthy children (2.87 +/- 0.49). There was no correlation between blood albumin and blood zinc levels. The abnormally low zinc levels are partly due to deficient zinc uptake and may explain some of the disorders described in children with persistent nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7322913 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the pancreas. One case (author's transl)]. AB - This particular location is rare but should be more frequently detected with the help of ultrasonography, CT and serological tests. The surgical indications, which depend upon the effects of the cyst on pancreatic ducts and vessels, are discussed. PMID- 7322914 TI - [Fluorescent light cystoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - A number of tumours of the bladder can be detected at an early stage by cystoscopy under fluorescent light. Intravenous injection of fluorescein is a simple rapid and harmless way of guiding systematic bladder biopsy during initial resection or subsequent control examinations. PMID- 7322915 TI - [Toxic staphylococcal shock syndrome with an extragynecologic entry]. PMID- 7322916 TI - [Infectious sacroiliitis due to Candida albicans in a drug addict. Diagnosis by puncture biopsy with a trocar]. PMID- 7322917 TI - [Factor VII deficiency and homocystinuria. Chance association or syndrome?]. PMID- 7322918 TI - [Horton's disease: specific pulmonary involvement?]. PMID- 7322919 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and inappropriate antidiuresis syndrome]. PMID- 7322920 TI - RNA synthesis in isolated yeast mitochondria. AB - Isolated yeast mitochondria incorporate added UTP into RNA. Amongst the products formed are the two rRNAs, 4S RNA and several components presumed to be mRNAs. In omega+ strains (containing an intervening sequence in the 21S rRNA gene) besides mature 21S rRNA a transcript could be detected still containing nucleotide sequences transcribed from this intervening sequence. In omega- strains (not containing this intervening sequence) also a longer form of the 21S rRNA could be observed. These results suggest that isolated yeast mitochondria are capable of carrying out RNA synthesis and processing, including splicing. PMID- 7322921 TI - Avocado sunblotch viroid: primary sequence and proposed secondary structure. AB - The sequence of the 247 nucleotide residues of the single strand circular RNA of avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBV) was determined using partial enzymic cleavage methods on overlapping viroid fragments obtained by partial ribonuclease digestion followed by 32p-labelling in vitro at their 5'-ends. ASBV is much smaller than potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV; 359 residues) and chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSV; 356 residues). A secondary structure model for ASBV is proposed and contains 67% of its residues base paired. In contrast to the extensive (69%) sequence homology of CSV with PSTV, only 18% of the ASBV sequence is homologous to PSTV and CSV. There are eight potential polypeptide translation products with chain lengths from 4 to 63 amino acid residues coded for by the plus (infectious) strand and four potential translation products (2 to 60 residues) coded for by the minus strand. An improved method is described for the synthesis of gamma-32p-ATP of high specific activity. PMID- 7322922 TI - The molecular electrostatic potential and steric accessibility of poly (dA-dT). poly (dA-dT) in various conformations: B-DNA, D-DNA and 'alternating-B' DNA. AB - The influence of conformational changes on the molecular electrostatic potential and the steric accessibility of the double stranded polynucleotide poly (dA-dT). poly (dA-dT) are investigated by calculating these properties for three different conformations : B-DNA, D-DNA and alternating-B DNA. PMID- 7322923 TI - 1H NMR studies of lac-operator DNA fragments. AB - The hydrogen-bonded imino protons of a 14 base pair double-stranded DNA fragment comprising one half of the lac operator of E. coli were investigated by 360 MHz H NMR. From combined melting studies of this synthetic 14 b.p. fragment and its two constituent 7 b.p. fragments a nearly complete assignment for the low-field proton resonances was obtained. The experimental spectra are compared with calculated spectra and with the spectrum of a 51 b.p. DNA restriction fragment from E. coli containing the complete lac operator. Structural information on these oligonucleotides is presented. This study is a prerequisite for future 1H NMR investigations of the interaction of the lac operator with the lac repressor. PMID- 7322925 TI - [Taste disorders in kidney diseases]. PMID- 7322924 TI - Purification and properties of a new DNase activity from KB cells. AB - A deoxyribonuclease activity with specificity towards single-stranded DNA has been purified approximately four hundred-fold from KB cells, by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite. The last step of the purification results in separation of the enzyme from a DNase activity which has been described previously (Wang, E.C., Furth, J.J. and Rose, J.A., (1978) Biochemistry 17: 544-549). The properties of the new DNase activity are significantly different from those of the enzymes which have previously been identified in these cells. The activity sediments at approximately 7.5S in a glycerol gradient. The DNase activity is optimal at pHs between 6.0 and 6.5. It cleaves DNA endonucleolytically and hydrolyzes single-stranded DNA at about 11 times the rate of double-stranded DNA and at twice the rate of Poly (dA). The activity is moderately sensitive to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide and is inhibited 80% by 50 mM NaCl. It is stimulated twenty-fold by Mn++ at an optimal concentration of approximately 0.7 mM. It is stimulated by a lesser extent by Mg++, but not by Ca++. PMID- 7322926 TI - [Plasma hemostasis disorders in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 7322927 TI - [Early post-infarction Dressler's syndrome]. PMID- 7322928 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis]. PMID- 7322929 TI - [Various therapeutic advances]. PMID- 7322931 TI - [Neutrophil glucosaminidase deficiency in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7322930 TI - [Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer in the light of experience with current drugs]. PMID- 7322932 TI - [The etiology of the uremic lung. Etiology of pulmonary changes in rats after administration of concentrated post-hemodialysis fluid]. PMID- 7322933 TI - [Value of the furosemide test for determining the localization of urinary tract infection]. PMID- 7322934 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis - report on 2 cases]. PMID- 7322935 TI - [Advances in the treatment of burns]. PMID- 7322936 TI - [Regenerative activity of the epidermal cells during the healing of 3d degree burns in rats]. PMID- 7322937 TI - [Serum lipids in burns]. PMID- 7322938 TI - [Local treatment of burns with collagen preparations of Polish production]. PMID- 7322939 TI - [Study of the effect of dressings of the "pansement-greffe" type on the bacterial flora of burn wounds]. PMID- 7322940 TI - [Effect of tobramycin on the bacterial flora of burn wounds]. PMID- 7322941 TI - [Remarks on the clinical course of the early stage of traumatic shock in burns]. PMID- 7322942 TI - [Problem of burns in France]. PMID- 7322943 TI - The effect of N-(3, 5, 5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino-1-carbonimidoyl)-guanidine hydrochloride (BPC-151) on lipid metabolism of rats and pigs. AB - The effect of BPC-151 on the lipid level in the rat and pig blood serum and on the lipid content in the homogenate of rat liver, on pyruvate and lactate in the blood serum of pigs, and on aggregation of blood platelets in pigs was investigated. Hyperlipidemia was induced by administration for 6 months a high lipid diet containing coconut oil, cholesterol and cholic acid. The hypolipemic action of BPC-151, particularly against the increase in free fatty acids, was demonstrated. The investigated compound did not affect the level of lactate in the pig blood serum but depressed the aggregation of blood platelets. PMID- 7322944 TI - Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and 6-hydroxydopamine on fever response in conscious rats. AB - The effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the febrile response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of unanesthetized rats examined. Depleting serotonin (5-HT) in brain with 5,7-DHT produced an attenuation in fever response to LPS, while depleting noradrenaline (NA) content in the preoptic area with 6-OHDA produced an opposite effect. However, 6-OHDA when given intraventricularly (icv) was without any significant effect on fever response to LPS. Presented data indicate that alterations in both noradrenergic and serotoninergic system of the rat brain affect the febrile response response to bacterial pyrogen. Moreover, one might conclude that integrity of noradrenergic neurons in central nervous system (CNS) in the rat is not essential for appearance of pyrogen fever. PMID- 7322945 TI - The effect of pyrazidol on the central serotonergic system. AB - Pyrazidol (PRZ), 10 mg/kg, stimulated the flexor reflex of hind paw of the spinal rat in approx. 40% of preparations. This stimulation was abolished by a central serotonin blocking agent, cyproheptadine, but unchanged by an agent inhibiting the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine, clomipramine. At higher doses, which did not stimulate the flexor reflex, PRZ prevented the stimulation of flexor reflex produced by fenfluramine, but did not affect the stimulation produced by quipazine or clonidine. PRZ did not affect either the body temperature in rats at high ambient temperature or the fenfluramine induced hyperthermia. Therefore, PRZ shows characteristics of an agent potentiating serotonergic transmission most probably as the consequence of the inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake. PMID- 7322946 TI - Pharmacokinetics of trazodone after different routes of administration. AB - Pharmacokinetics study of trazodone after iv, ip and po administration has been performed in rats. Trazodone was given to animals in a single or multiple doses of 20 mg/kg p. o. or ip, or in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg iv. The levels of the drug in plasma and brain tissue were assayed spectrofluorometrically at predetermined time intervals. The results indicate that neither the route of administration nor the dosage schedule affects in significant manner the pharmacokinetics of trazodone, but the pharmacokinetic parameters depend upon the dose used. The affinity of the drug to blood and brain tissue is nearly the same, in contrast to imipramine which shows, a low affinity to blood and high affinity to brain tissue. PMID- 7322948 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships in erythromycin group with MTD technique. AB - Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies were performed for a group of 17 erythromycin derivatives modified in the C-8--C-12 portion of the molecule. The minimal steric difference, MTD, was used as the structural parameter and logarithm of the biological potency measured by a standard assay, as the biological parameter. The influence of the sp2 hybridization at C-9 and of the presence of 11, 12-carbonate grouping on the antibacterial activity was shown. The reported results give a further support to our hypothesis on greater complementarity of the cyclic 11, 12-carbonates in the reaction on the bacterial ribosomes in comparison with their parent antibiotics. PMID- 7322947 TI - Derivatives of n-aryl-N-amino piperazines as potential cardiovascular agents. AB - 24 new substituted piperazino guanidines and 34 substituted benzylideno- or benzylamino-4-phenyl piperazines were synthesized and evaluated for their cardiovascular activity. Several compounds of the above two series exhibited vasopressor or vasodepressor activity without modifying the carotid occlusion (CO) and noradrenaline (NA) induced pressor responses. PMID- 7322949 TI - Craviten hydrolysis in plasma in vitro. AB - Craviten hydrolysis in vitro was studied in human, rat and canine plasma and erythrocytes. Craviten was degraded during the incubation with plasma and the hydrolysis was inhibited by trimethoxybenzoic acid, a metabolite of Craviten. Erythrocyte enzymes do not participate in the hydrolysis. PMID- 7322950 TI - Kinetics of drug decomposition. Part 66. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of carphecillin in aqueous solution. AB - The rates of hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring in the pH range 1.77--9.22 at 294, 303, 313 and 233 K and of the ester bond in the pH range 0.43--8.78 at 273, 283, 294, 303, 313 and 323 K for carphecillin have been investigated. The rate constants were determined for the reactions catalyzed by H+ and OH- ions and moreover for the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring catalyzed by undissociated acids and anionic bases. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated for particular reactions. In the acidic medium carphecillin is significantly more stable than carbenicillin. In the alkaline medium the rate of inactivation of carphecillin and carbenicillin is the same because carbenicillin is formed from carphecillin as the result of the very fast hydrolysis of the ester bond. PMID- 7322951 TI - On toxicity question of synthetic polymers and their extracts tested in vitro and in vivo. AB - The increasing use of polymer materials in medicine as much as the undesirable effects observed in patients during their application made us to study not only their functional properties but also their toxicological and biostability parameters, before their clinical application. Some of the aspects of this wide ranging problem have been studied in our laboratory. Our aim was to try and identify the effect synthetic polymers and their extract have on different biological systems. The comparison of the results obtained through some of the biological methods was aimed at finding out to what extent such methods were suitable for testing of the polymer toxicity on living tissue. PMID- 7322952 TI - [Morphological evaluation of the healing process after implantation of knitted polyester net into the muscles and bones]. AB - The usefulness of Polish polyester knitting used for reconstruction of aperidesmial tendons was tested in experiments. For this reason morphological picture was observed in place of knitting and muscle or bone connection at 39 adult rabbits. Calcaneal tendon together with plantar muscle tendon were replaced by polyester prosthesis, so thick as the rabbits tendon. After the autopsy, macroscopic and microscopic examination were performed. It was revealed, that in the first phase severe inflammation is observed, then granulation and cicatrization in surrounding tissues enables the healing process of the knitting. Meshy structure of the knitting facilitates its penetration through the fibrous tissue. The examinations prove complete assimilation of the implant to muscle and bone tissue. PMID- 7322953 TI - [Usefulness of Dallon prostheses for blood vessel reconstruction]. AB - Experimental and clinical results of the application of Dallon prostheses in vascular surgery are presented. Dallon prostheses are produced in the Medical Materials Department of the Research Development Centre of the Knitting Industry in lodz. They are contained in disposable radially sterilized wrappings. The experiments were performed on 17 mongrel dogs and the process of healing in was observed after three and six months. The process was similar to the healing in of other porous, synthetic prostheses. In 37 patients operated because of the artheromasia bypasses or vascular flaps of Dallon prostheses were implanted. The results of experimental and clinical research proved that the radially sterilized Dallon prostheses have similar properties like the prostheses produced be well known foreign firms, and are very useful in arterial reconstruction. PMID- 7322954 TI - Indapamide. PMID- 7322955 TI - Non-invasive cardiovascular assessment of indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect and a non-invasive cardiovascular assessment of indapamide in patients with idiopathic hypertension have been investigated in an uncontrolled study. Indapamide was found to be an effective antihypertensive agent in a dose of 2.5 mg per day with a mean fall in blood pressure of 25/18 mmHg. Apart from the development of impotence in one patient, no side effects were encountered. Its effect on heart rate and cardiac output suggest that vasodilatation may contribute to its mode of action. Exercise performance is well maintained and cardiac performance appears to improve when blood pressure is lowered with this drug. PMID- 7322956 TI - The effect of indapamide on muscle blood flow in hypertensive patients. AB - The effect of indapamide on the peripheral circulation was investigated in hypertensive patients using a xenon washout technique. Resting muscle blood flow increased by 38% after 1 week's treatment in 5 patients and by 52.6% after 6 weeks treatment in 4 patients. Exercise muscle blood flow increased by 18% in 4 patients after 6 weeks' treatment. Resting supine and standing blood pressure was decreased by indapamide after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Exercise systolic blood pressure was not changed by indapamide. The results in this pilot study suggest that peripheral resistance is reduced by a direct action on the vessel wall. PMID- 7322957 TI - Evaluation of the effect of indapamide on moderate benign essential hypertension complicated by airways obstruction. AB - Patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) who also have hypertension present a particular therapeutic problem, since beta-blockers are likely to cause or aggravate bronchospasm. In this study, 25 patients with COAD and moderate benign essential hypertension were treated with indapamide 2.5 mg daily. Over the 28 week study period, blood pressure had fallen by 48/30 mmHg (mean value). With standardized bronchodilator therapy respiratory function improved over the same period. PMID- 7322958 TI - Indapamide in ambulant treatment of hypertension: a comparative study with alpha methyldopa. AB - Indapamide and methyldopa were compared in an open parallel study in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Both drugs showed an antihypertensive effect significantly different from placebo but with indapamide the blood pressure response occurred sooner, after 2 weeks, as opposed to 4 weeks with methyldopa. Indapamide was better tolerated than methyldopa, producing fewer side effects. PMID- 7322960 TI - Continuous electrocardiographic recording (Holter method) during indapamide treatment: a study of 40 cases. AB - In 40 hypertensive patients continuous ECG recording was done before and after 30 days treatment with indapamide 2.5 mg. There was no change in heart rate. In addition, the incidence of extrasystoles was not changed in patients in whom the ECG was normal before treatment (30 cases) or in 8 of the 10 patients who had an incidence of more than 1% extrasystoles. However, in the other 2 patients who presented with an incidence of more than 1% extrasystoles the incidence of extrasystoles rose. PMID- 7322959 TI - Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of indapamide and cyclopenthiazide. AB - The antihypertensive effects of indapamide, 2.5 mg, and cyclopenthiazide, 0.5 mg daily were compared over a two week period. The falls in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure were greater with indapamide than with cyclopenthiazide reaching statistical significance for the supine diastolic values. This difference was still seen when matching patient groups of similar age, sex or severity of blood pressure were compared. PMID- 7322961 TI - Blood sugar regulation during treatment with indapamide in hypertensive diabetics. AB - Eleven insulin-dependent and 30 maturity onset diabetics with essential hypertension were treated with indapamide for 4 and 9 months respectively, to assess its effect on blood sugar regulation. The hypertension responded well to this drug, and fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels did not change significantly. There was no change in the diabetic treatment. Triglycerides, cholesterol and uric acid did not change significantly. Potassium levels fell significantly, but the mean level remained within the normal range. PMID- 7322962 TI - Symposium: cytogenetics - techniques, research, and practical implications. PMID- 7322963 TI - Cytogenetic Studies of embryos developing parthenogenetically in turkeys. PMID- 7322964 TI - Origins of heteroploidy in chicken embryos. PMID- 7322965 TI - Relationship of age at parabiosis and time of embryonic death on extent of mixing of embryonic blood. AB - Two studies were conducted to determine the extent of blood chimerism from parabionts joined at different ages and the mortality pattern after joining. Complete mixing of blood was found in 100% of the pairs joined at 13 days, 80% at 15 days, and 25% at 17 days of incubation. Therefore, interfusing of blood components could only be assured when the embryos were joined no later than 13 days of incubation. Mortality after parabiosis occurred in three peaks. The first and largest peak (16.4% mortality) occurred at 12 hr after parabiosis with substantial mortality through 36 hr. The second peak (4.6% mortality) occurred between 108 and 120 hr after joining of the eggs. The third and final peak (5.6% mortality) occurred between 192 hr and hatch. Surgical trauma, bacterial contamination, and the inability of the embryo to escape the shell once pipped are possible explanations since these events were associated with clusters of embryo deaths. The use of single surviving parabiont as a means of increasing the efficiency of the parabiotic technique is discussed. PMID- 7322966 TI - Distribution of inorganic elements of poultry house dust. AB - Distribution of inorganic elements was measured in poultry house dust from five types of poultry houses during either winter, spring, or summer. With varied environmental conditions at the time of sampling, the levels of calcium, sodium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and aluminum were higher than the other elements found in dust samples from the five types of poultry houses. The most abundant element in poultry house dust was calcium. The level of this element samples from the mechanically ventilated house used for research purposes corresponded closely to the level found in the feed fed at sampling time. High zinc levels in layer houses may be attributed to either the abrasive actions of feathers and feet of layers against the galvanized wire cages on the high zinc content in feathers. The ash content of dust from the five types of poultry houses ranged from .31 to 3.54%. Air particulate counts for particles ranging in size from .5 to 10 micro meter were much higher in the layer house used for commercial purposes (ranged from 34.9 to 66.3 X 10(6) /m3) than in the layer houses used for research purposes (ranged from 5.8 to 9.8 X 10(6)/m3) than the level during summer (66.3 X 10(6)/m3). The commercial broiler house was dustier than the commercial layer house during the summer. PMID- 7322967 TI - Steatorrhea during aflatoxicosis in chickens. AB - Graded levels of dietary aflatoxin (0, .625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 microgram/g) were tested for their effect on lipid excretion in feces of young broiler chickens. There was a highly significant (P less than .01) increase at 1.25 microgram/g and above including a threefold increase at 10 microgram/g, while growth rate was decreased only at levels of 2.5 microgram/g and above. Pancreatic lipase, the primary fat digestive enzyme, was decreased significantly (P less than .05) at all levels of aflatoxin and at 10 microgram/g was only 40% of the control value, Bile, which is required for lipid digestion and absorption, was decreased highly significantly (P less than .01) in concentration by all growth inhibition levels of aflatoxin. A slight but significant ( P less than .05) increase in bladder size at growth inhibitory levels of aflatoxin appeared adequate to compensate for decreased bile concentration. A pair feeding technique showed the effect of aflatoxin on fecal lipids and pancreatic lipase occurred in diets low (2%) or high (17%) in fat. The steatorrhea caused by aflatoxin apparently reflects a lipid malabsorption syndrome caused by an impaired ability to digest lipids. PMID- 7322968 TI - Aflatoxicosis and Intrinsic Coagulation function in broiler chickens. AB - Aflatoxin was fed (0, .625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 microgram/g) to broiler chickens from day-old to 3 weeks of age when the birds were bled and intrinsic coagulation parameters measured. Clotting times of whole blood were increased by aflatoxin (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 microgram/g) and decreased in blood samples activated by contact with the surface of crushed glass. There was no interaction of aflatoxin with the contact phenomenon. Partial thromboplastin times were significantly (p less than .05) prolonged by 5.0 and 10.0 microgram/g aflatoxin. Intrinsic activity as judged by whole blood thromboplastin generation was reduced nearly 40% by those two levels of aflatoxin. Activity analogous to human factor VIII was depressed by the two highest doses, but factor IX was significantly (P less than .05) reduced by only the highest dose fed, 10 microgram/g. These data suggest that chickens possess an intrinsic coagulation mechanism that is sensitive to aflatoxin but that the factor or factors responsible for the contact response are refractory to this important mycotoxin. PMID- 7322969 TI - Acute toxicity of vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol) in broiler chickens. PMID- 7322970 TI - Toxicity of dietary and intravenously administered moniliformin to broiler chickens. AB - Moniliformin (1-hydroxy-cyclobut-1-ene-3,4-dione), either purified (0, 8, and 16 mg/kg of diet) or from culture of Fusarium moniliforme strain NRRL 6322 on corn grits (8, 16, and 64 mg/kg of diet) was fed to growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. Up to 16 mg moniliformin/kg of diet from either source was without effect on chick weight gain, feed consumption, and mortality. Chicks fed 64 mg moniliformin/kg of diet from culture had reduced weight gain and feed consumption. Total daily moniliformin consumption by these chicks was nearly twice the reported single oral 50% lethal dose. Three of 10 chicks fed 64 mg/kg of moniliformin in the diet died. No lesions were found upon necropsy. The LD50 of purified moniliformin upon intravenous injection of 7-week-old female broiler chickens was 1.38 +/- .035 mg/kg body weight. Average time to death was 65 minutes. Progressive symptoms noted included lack of muscular coordination, tachypnea from moderate to severe followed by slow labored respiration, coma, terminal agonal struggle, and death. PMID- 7322971 TI - Effect of 1,3-butylene glycol on growth and in vivo and in vitro lipogenesis by turkey poults. AB - A series of feeding trials lasting 21 days was conducted with Large White turkey poults to determine the effects of 0, 12.5, and 25% energy as 1,3-butylene glycol (BG) on growth and on both in vivo and in vitro lipogenesis. The substitution of 12.5 and 25% of the energy as BG and on both in vivo and in vitro lipogenesis. The substitution of 12.5 and 25% of the energy as BG depressed growth and feed efficiency of 21-day-old poults (P less than 01). The relative liver size was increased by BG (P less than .01) while liver lipid per 100 g of body weight was decreased (P less than .01) by BG. IN vivo lipogenesis, determined by the incorporation of tritiated water into liver fatty acids was decreased (P less than .05) by BG. The evolvement of CO2 from both (1-14C) acetate and from (U-14C) glucose was decreased by BG. The results of this study indicate that while lipogenesis can be decreased by BG, growth is also decreased. Therefore, the regulation of growth parallels the regulation of lipid synthesis in the turkey poult. PMID- 7322972 TI - Tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers: comparison to dietary additives and strains. AB - The effects of broiler strain and various additives to practical corn-soy diets on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) were studied using broiler chicks maintained in battery brooders. At the termination of each experiment, birds were killed and examined for TD by cutting longitudinally along the tibia. No significant difference in the incidence of TD was found among the nine broiler strains compared. While the incidence of twisted legs was higher than TD among the nine strains there was no apparent correlation between the two leg disorders. Studies conducted using the following additives did not significantly increase the incidence of TD in broilers when compared to controls: monensin, sodium chloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, roxarsone, gentian violet, erythromycin, vitamin K, or vitamin D3. However, dietary ammonium chloride (1.5 or 30%) did increase the incidence of TD, whereas adding various fermentation products at levels of 10 and 20% either in the absence or presence of ammonium chloride failed to reduce the incidence of the disease. The incidences of TD among broiler chicks fed high dietary fluoride were nonsignificant; no evidence of the disease was found in Leghorn chicks fed the same diets. Chicks maintained in battery brooders in these studies, generally had a lower incidence of TD than that reported for commercial flocks in the field. Furthermore, manipulation of feed additives or ingredients in practical rations for broiler chickens did not increase the incidence of the disease. PMID- 7322973 TI - Iron requirements of White Leghorn hens. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the iron requirements of laying and breeding hens (Gallus domesticus). Single Comb White Leghorn hens fed a purified diet containing 15 ppm iron exhibited a rapid decline in hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, egg iron concentrations and hatchability of fertile eggs. No effects of the low iron diet on body weight, feed consumption, or fertility were observed. When hens were fed graded levels of iron from 15 to 65 ppm at 10 ppm increments, a dose response was observed for hematocrit and hatchability. The iron requirement for maintenance of hematocrit was between 35 and 45 ppm iron. Fifty-five parts per million iron were required for maximum hatchability of fertile eggs. PMID- 7322974 TI - The phospholipid profile of cock spermatozoa before and after in vitro incubation for twenty-four hours at 41 C. AB - The importance of endogenous phospholipids as an energy source for cock spermatozoa was investigated by comparing the phospholipid profile of control (recently ejaculated) spermatozoa to that of spermatozoa incubated in vitro for 24 hr at 41 C (a temperature comparable to that of the hen's oviduct). No significant differences were observed between control and incubated spermatozoa in total lipids, total phospholipids, or total neutral lipids. There were likewise no detectable differences between control and incubated spermatozoa in their diphosphatidyl glycerol (cardiolipin), phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, or phosphatidyl choline content. A small but significant (P less than .02) decrease for sphingomyelin was detected in incubated as compared to control spermatozoa. PMID- 7322975 TI - Metabolism of lipid labeled very low density lipoprotein from laying turkey hens in laying turkey hens and immature turkeys. AB - Labeled very low density lipoprotein of laying turkey hens (VLDL-L) was prepared by injecting 1-14C-palmitate abd subsequently isolating the VLDL-L by ultracentrifugation at d=1.006. The isolated VLDL-L then was injected into recipient laying hens, immature males, or immature females. Size exclusion chromatography of recipient laying hen plasma showed no remnant particles of smaller size or greater density than the injected VLDL-L up to 400 min postinjection. In the immature birds of either sex, remnant particles of greater density and smaller size than the injected VLDL-L were present when blood samples were withdrawn at 5 (males) or 1 (females) min postinjection. In laying females, both VLDL-L-triglyceride (VLDL-L-TG) and phospholipids (VLDL-L-PL) had identical fractional clearance rates of .00253 min-1 and had parallel rates of disappearance. The irreversible loss of VLDL-L-TG was 12.8 g/day while it was 4.8 g/day for VLDL-L-PL. Thirty-one percent of the injected radioactivity was isolated in ovarian follicles undergoing rapid development. VLDL-L-TG decayed with a single exponential decay component in both immature males and females, but decayed more rapidly in the males; it also decayed more rapidly in the immature birds of both sexes than in laying females. There was also an increase in triglyceride (TG) radioactivity in lipoproteins of d greater than 1.006. The VLDL L-PL decayed in a more complex pattern in the immature birds, showing more than a single exponential decay component. There was also an increase in phospholipid (PL) radioactivity in lipoproteins of d greater than 1.006. THe VLDL-TG and PL radioactivities did not decay in a parallel pattern in immature birds where remnant particles of d greater than 1.006 were present soon after lipid labeled VLDL-L injection. PMID- 7322976 TI - Effect of furazolidone on plasma enzyme and protein levels in turkey poults. AB - Furazolidone (FZ) at a dose of 700 ppm was fed to turkey poults beginning at 2 weeks of age. In trial 1, plasma collected by venipuncture was assayed for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein at 19, 23, 26, and 30 days of age. Significant (P less than or equal to .05) differences were noted only in levels of plasma LDH, which were elevated in FZ-fed poults at all stages studied. In Trial 2, plasma collected by venipuncture was assayed for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), GOT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and LDH daily from 15 through 19 days of age and for protein at 19 days of age. Significant elevations (P less than or equal to .05) were noted in levels of plasma a) CPK at 15 days, b) GOT at 18 days, and c) LDH at 17 and 19 days. A significant (P less than or equal to .01) depression in plasma protein was observed at 19 days. Plasma GPT was either absent or present in very low concentrations. These data suggest that FZ exerts its primary effect on the myocardium. THe initial myocardial changes occur prior to their detection by known electrocardiographic (ECG) technics. PMID- 7322977 TI - Comparison of brachial venous and mixed blood gas tensions and pH values in the chicken. AB - Differences in blood gas tensions and pH between brachial venous blood (BVB) and mixed venous blood obtained from the pulmonary artery (PAB) were compared in anesthetized male White Leghorn chickens to determine if BVB as obtained in routine venipuncture cold be used to estimate mixed venous values of pO2, pCO2, and pH. When paired samples were compared over the range of 25 to 68 mm Hg, brachial pO2 was 5.7 mm Hg higher (P less than .001) than PAB pO2. Brachial pCO2 was 4.25 mm Hg higher (P less than .001) than PAB pCO2 over the range of 17 to 56 mm Hg. Brachial pH was .066 units lower (p less than .001) than comparable values for PAB over the range of 7.2-7.6 pH units. Regression equations are given for estimating mixed venous blood gas tensions and pH values from blood samples taken from the brachial vein. PMID- 7322978 TI - Genetic variation in packed cell volume associated with variations in response to cold temperature. AB - The heritability of packed red blood cell volume (PCV) and its correlation to gain in chicks brooded at a relatively cold (26.7 C) and a normal (32.2 C) environmental temperature were compared. The PCV of progeny from 28 sire families brooded at 26.7 C was 32.7% compared to 30.9% for progeny from the same sire families brooded at 32.2 C. The respective PCV heritabilities for the 26.7 C and 32.2 C groups were .51 and .57. There were no significant differences in gain for the groups brooded at different temperatures, and PCV was not correlated with gain.U PMID- 7322979 TI - The amino acid excretion values in intact and cecectomized negative control roosters used for determining metabolic plus endogenous urinary losses. AB - Intact and cecectomized adult male, Single Comb White Leghorns were fasted for 24 hr prior to the initiation of the collection period. Excreta were quantitatively collected from each of the unfed control roosters for a 24 to 48 hr fasting period. The amino acids excretion values (mg/bird/24 hr) were not significantly different (P greater than .05) between the intact and cecectomized roosters for histidine or methionine. However, lysine and glutamic acid were significantly different (P less than .05) and all other reported amino acids were significantly different (P less than .01). The results of this preliminary experiment indicate the possible role of the ceca in altering the amino acid excretion values. Additional research is required in the elucidation of cecal involvement, as well as the selection of a proper control for this method of analysis for amino acid availability. PMID- 7322980 TI - The effect of prolonged heat stress on adrenal weight, cholesterol, and corticosterone in White Pekin ducks. PMID- 7322981 TI - Morphology of the eosinophil in japanese quail. PMID- 7322982 TI - Effect of five cycle rapid freeze-thaw treatment in conjunction with various chemicals for the reduction of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A five cycle rapid freeze-rapid thaw process was used in conjunction with chemicals to reduce numbers of Salmonella typhimurium cells on poultry meat. The second portion of chicken wings consisting of ulna and radius with attached skin and muscle was inoculated with 400 to 900 colony forming units (CFU/g) of a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. typhimurium. Chemicals used were 20 ppm chlorine, 5% potassium sorbate, 5% lactic acid, and 5% calcium propionate. The wings were either sprayed with or dipped into all chemicals before the freeze thaw process. Wings were also chemically treated and not subjected to the freeze thaw process. Numbers of S. typhimurium were determined by the most probable number procedure. The relative effectiveness of combinations of chemicals and the freeze-thaw process was compared to a control with the following percentage reductions of numbers of S. typhimurium cells: lactic acid, 98%; calcium propionate, 96%; potassium sorbate, 96%; chlorine, 95%; and freeze-thaw process without chemicals, 95%. There were no statistically significant differences among the treatments. In pilot plant study simulating commercial conditions, a carbon dioxide freezer was used for the rapid freeze and a microwave oven was used for the rapid thaw. Treatment of wings with 5% lactic acid plus freeze-thaw process resulted in statistically significant fewer numbers of S. typhimurium cells when compared to the freeze-thaw process without chemical treatment or to wings chemically treated without the freeze-thaw process. PMID- 7322983 TI - An apparent rachitogenic effect of excessive vitamin E intakes in the chick. AB - Three replicates (pens of 10 birds each) of a 2 X 2 factorial design experiment (25 and 10,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet on 25 and 500 IU vitamin D/kg diet) were utilized in order to assess effects of excessive intakes of vitamin E on calcium metabolism in the growing chick. A one-week equilibration period was followed by a two-week experimental period. Excessive vitamin E supplementation resulted in reduced calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma, in dry fat-free bone, and in bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus. Inadequate vitamin D supplementation reduced total feed consumption, terminal body weight, plasma calcium, dry fat-free-bone, bone ash, bone calcium, and bone phosphorus. Significant vitamin E X vitamin D interactions were noted for plasma calcium, dry bone, and bone ash, excessive vitamin E apparently interfering with vitamin D utilization. PMID- 7322984 TI - Eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: a model system for estimating nutrient requirements during coccidiosis. AB - Eimeria maxima inoculations of 5 X 10(4) oocysts and E. acervulina inoculations of 2 X 10(5) to 4 X 10(5) oocysts were shown to depress growth by 15 to 20% in young chicks fed crystalline amino acid (CAA) diets. The intestinal lesions produced were typical of light to moderate coccidiosis. In one experiment, the performance of chicks fed monensin was increased in the presence, but not in the absence, of E. acervulina. Thus, monensin prevented the negative effects of E. acervulina on chick performance. This coccidiosis X monensin interaction was also indicative of an active coccidiosis infection. Severe E. acervulina infections were produced by inoculations of 1 X 10(6) or 2 X 10(6) oocysts. Under these conditions, gain was depressed by 30 to 40% and the intestinal lesions produced were indicative of severe coccidiosis. Also, E. acervulina infections were more severe in birds fed CAA diets than in birds fed corn-soybean meal diets. Trypsin incubation of the oocysts prior to inoculation had no significant effect on performance regardless of diet type. Based upon growth rate, intestinal lesions, and responses to anticoccidial drugs, it was clearly demonstrated that coccidiosis of varying severity cn be produced in birds fed CAA diets. In addition, it was observed that the CAA diet, with 24.58% amino acids, contained adequate levels of all indispensable nutrients, even during coccidiosis. This assures that the diet can be used effectively for nutrient requirement studies during coccidiosis. PMID- 7322985 TI - Eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: sulfur amino acid requirement of the chick during acute coccidiosis. AB - Five assays were conducted to determine whether Eimeria acervulina infection would alter the chick's sulfur amino acid (SAA) requirement. Chicks were housed in heated starter batteries with raised wire floors and fed completely purified crystalline amino acid diets. With light to moderate E. acervulina infection, data were somewhat inconclusive. In Assay 1, infected birds responded to levels of SAA above those required by healthy birds; but in two subsequent assays no difference in SAA requirements due to infection could be detected. Therefore, two additional assays were conducted in birds inoculated with a heavy dose of E. acervulina oocysts. In neither of these assays did E. acervulina infection show any indication of altering SAA utilization. When data from the five studies are viewed together, it is clear that E. acervulina infection did not increase the chick's SAA requirement. PMID- 7322986 TI - Studies on the riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, and choline requirements of young Embden geese. AB - Four experiments were conducted to examine the riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, and choline requirements of young Embden geese fed purified diets. Goslings fed diets deficient in either riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, or choline grew poorly. Feeding a pantothenic acid-deficient diet resulted in 100% mortality. Goslings fed diets containing 530 mg/kg of choline or less developed perosis. Under the conditions of these experiments it was found that: 1) goslings require no more than 3.84 mg/kg of riboflavin and 31.2 mg/kg of nicotinic acid in the diet for rapid growth and normal development, 2) the pantothenic acid requirement of goslings is no more than 12.6 mg/kg of diet, and 3) a dietary choline level of 1530 mg/kg is adequate for both the prevention of perosis and rapid growth of goslings. The levels of vitamins found to support normal growth and development of goslings appear to be similar to requirements of other species that have been examined. PMID- 7322987 TI - Effects of dietary fat on feed efficiency, reproductive performance, and in vitro lipogenesis by the turkey hen. AB - Two 16-week feeding trials were conducted with Large White turkey hens to determine the effect of graded energy levels (as fat-6, 18, 30, and 42% substituted isocalorically for corn meal) on energy efficiency, reproductive performance, lipogenic enzyme activity, and in vitro lipogenesis. A constant calorie: gram-protein ratio (17:1) was maintained for all dietary treatments. Also, other components of the diets were adjusted to maintain constant energy-to nutrient ratios. Additional fat increased (P less than .05) energy utilization but had no effect on reproductive performance. Additional fat calories decreased (P less than .05) malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthetase activities; however, fatty acid synthetase activity was the most responsive of the three enzymes to 42% metabolizable energy as fat. Liver lipid content was also decreased (P less than .05) by additional fat calories. In vitro lipogenesis (fatty synthesis from 10 mM (1-14C) sodium acetate) was also decreased (P less than .01) by additional dietary fat. PMID- 7322988 TI - Pimpling of egg shells and hatchability in several strains of turkeys. AB - Eggs from several strains of turkeys (two randombred control populations of different origin and differing greatly in body weight and several sublines of these control strains selected for various traits) were scored for the amount of egg shell pimpling over a 12-week hatching period. The frequency of pimpled eggs averaged 15.6% in the medium-bodied strains and 21.2% in the large-bodied strains. The two randombred control strains, based on hen averages, did not differ significantly from each other, nor was there any significant difference among medium-bodied strains for pimpling scores. A large-bodied subline selected for decreased broodiness had a higher pimpling score than its corresponding randombred control. There were no other significant differences among the large bodied strains. These data suggest that there is either little genetic variation in egg pimpling or little association between egg pimpling and traits for which selection was practiced (egg production, 16-week body weight, blood level of corticosterone after cold stress, clutch length, fertility, or plasma level of estrogens during the laying period). Pimpling increased with length of the hatching period. There was a small but significant correlation coefficient (-.11) between pimpling score and hatch of fertile-eggs. There was no significant association between pimpling score and percent 7-day incubation weight loss. PMID- 7322989 TI - The effects of strain, age, time after oviposition, and egg specific gravity on acid-base balance in White Leghorn hens. PMID- 7322990 TI - Plasma variation of transferrin-iron and phosvitin-iron during the laying period in chicken hens. AB - The distribution of plasma iron between transferrin-iron (Tf-Fe) and phosvitin iron (Phv-Fe) over a 98 week laying period was established in hens. Six plasma samples were collected at random from a group of 20 pullets, starting when the birds were 20 weeks old. Samples were collected weekly until the 29th week and subsequently on the 41st, 62nd, and 98th weeks. Detailed assays were carried out to differentiate Phv-Fe from Tf-Fe. Phosphoprotein (phosvitin) concentrations were also determined. At the beginning of sexual activity, (23 to 24 weeks) females showed a parallel increase of Tf-Fe and Phv-Fe. During the period of maximum egg production 29 to 41 weeks) Tf-Fe was 65% and the Phv-Fe 35% of the total plasma iron. During this period the transferrin saturation reached a maximum of 80%; both transport mechanisms worked simultaneously. Estrogen administration to male chickens (2 injections of 5 mg/kg body weight) precipitated similar variation patterns of the two plasma irons over a period of 7 days. It is suggested that the estrogens were responsible for these variations. PMID- 7322991 TI - Phosphorus utilization during Eimeria acervulina infection in the chick. PMID- 7322992 TI - Gross morphological head and throat abnormalities of the tufted Araucana embryo. AB - Structural abnormalities of the head and throat of ear-tufted embryos of the Araucana fowl are described. These abnormalities involved the opening to the external auditory meatus and such bones as the mandible, quadrate, columella auris, squamosal, and hyoid apparatus. Structural irregularities are believed to be due to the presence of the Et gene and its influence on the early embryonic closure of the hyomandibular cleft. The diversity of phenotypic expression probably is due to the varied closure of the cleft. PMID- 7322993 TI - Testicular sperm reserves in cockerels bearing Z-autosome translocations. AB - A technique of testicular homogenization and hemocytometric enumeration of elongated spermatids was applied to cockerels bearing Z-autosome translocations to estimate the effects of the translocations on sperm production. Testis weights, numbers of spermatids per gram of testis, and total number of spermatids were not significantly different between translocation-bearing cockerels and those of normal karyotype. In contrast to the adverse effects of X-autosome translocations on mammalian spermatogenesis, these data indicate that Z-autosome translocations do not quantitatively affect sperm production in cockerels. PMID- 7322994 TI - Activity of selected anticoccidials as feed additives for control of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago). PMID- 7322995 TI - Influences of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the oxidant defense system of the chick. AB - The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the oxidant defense system (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase) were investigated in the chick. Two-week-old chicks were reared using a vitamin E-free, low-selenium, semipurified basal diet alone or supplemental with vitamin E (100 IU/kg) and/or selenium (.10 ppm). Whereas vitamin E sustained chick growth, survival, and protection from exudative diathesis (ED), it did not significantly affect the enzymatic components of the oxidant defense system. Dietary selenium promoted chick growth and protection against ED in the absence of vitamin E and sustained glutathione peroxidase activity in several tissues. The latter effect was associated with decreases in reduced glutathione concentrations observed in liver and blood. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were increased in liver and brain in selenium deficiency. Glutathione reductase activities in liver, kidney, lung, and brain were not affected by diet. PMID- 7322996 TI - The effects of claw removal on growth rate, gonadal steroids, and stress response in cage reared pullets. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of claw removal on young pullets grown in wire cages. Body weight, feed consumption, stress response, and gonadal steroid date were collected to assess the effects of claw removal and growing pullets. Claw removal posed an initial physiological insult upon chicks that resulted in a reduction in body weight gain and reduced feed consumption during the early grow-out period. However, by 20 weeks of age there were no significant differences between the body weights of intact and declawed pullets. No significant differences in plasma corticosterone, progesterone, or estradiol were observed, nor were there any significant differences in mortality or antibody response during the course of the 20-week study. Nevertheless, several declawed pullets demonstrated relatively precocious egg laying, suggesting that claw removal enhanced sexual maturity. PMID- 7322997 TI - In vivo thyroxine release in day-old cockerels in response to acute stimulation by mammalian and avian pituitary hormones. AB - Thyroxine (T4) level in the blood of newly hatched cockerels were measured at different times after the injection of bovine thyrotropin. A linear response to increasing doses of mammalian thyrotropin was seen when a two-injection protocol was used with a fifteen-hour interval between injections. Blood T4 levels peaked 5 hr after the second injection and declined thereafter. This response was shown to be highly specific for thyrotropin from both mammalian and avian sources; gonadotropins, prolactin, and growth hormone had negligible activity, although the last two hormones were able to synergise with thyrotropin under certain circumstances to augment the response. Experiments conducted at different times of day indicated that diurnal fluctuations in the response of the thyroid to exogenous thyrotropins may exist. As a result, animals were injected and bled at the same time of day in all subsequent experiments. Under these circumstances, in vivo thyroxine release in cockerels appears to be precise, simple, and sensitive bioassay for thyrotropin. This bioassay can be used to demonstrate that thyrotropin purified from ostrich pituitaries is distinct from gonadotropin and active in an avian species. PMID- 7322998 TI - The effect of caponization and dietary 17 alpha-methyltestosterone on the incidence of leg abnormalities in turkeys. AB - Six hundred and seventy-two male turkeys were raised according to standard management procedures from 1 day to 3.5 weeks of age. At 3.5 weeks of age, the poults were equally distributed among four treatment groups. One group was subjected to surgical caponization and a second to sham operations. Of the two remaining groups, one served as a control while the other received feed containing 110 ppm of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone. All birds were maintained under identical environmental conditions until 20 weeks of age. Capons demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of leg abnormalities than controls or testosterone fed birds but did not differ significantly from the shams. These data correlated well with the levels of plasma androgen in that capons had significantly lower levels of plasma androgen than controls or testosterone fed turkeys, but concentrations did not differ significantly from shams. Plasma androgen concentrations or percentages of leg abnormalities were not different among shams, controls, or testosterone fed birds. Body weights, feed/gain ratios, mortality, and plasma corticosterone were similar for all four treatment groups. PMID- 7322999 TI - Effect of insemination intervals on oviducal sperm storage in turkeys. AB - Filling and emptying of sperm storage sites of the turkey oviduct were studied using tandem inseminations with semen from bronze and white males. Fertility was better among hens inseminated at weekly intervals than those inseminated at biweekly intervals. The rate of gland filling and emptying was unaffected by weekly and biweekly insemination intervals. However, gland filling and emptying were affected when the birds were inseminated early in a reproductive cycle, and stratification of spermatozoa occurred within the sperm-host glands. Stratification may have occurred to a lesser degree late in the reproductive cycle. It is suggested that sperm storage glands fill and empty at the same rates early and late in a breeding cycle, but fewer glands contain spermatozoa in the latter part of the season, resulting in a decreased fertility. PMID- 7323000 TI - Citrinin toxicity in growing chicks. AB - Male broiler chicks, from day-old to 3 weeks of age, were fed diets containing 0, 100, 220, 330, and 440 ppm citrinin produced by Penicillium lanosum grown on whole corn. Body weight decreased (P less than .05) when chicks were fed the diets containing 330 and 440 ppm citrinin. Average body weight of chicks fed the diet containing 220 ppm citrinin was 8% less than that of chicks fed no toxin. Feed utilization decreased (P less than .05) with chicks fed the diet containing 440 ppm citrinin. Analysis of thigh muscle, kidney, liver, and blood for citrinin revealed detectable amounts in the liver and blood of chicks fed 440 ppm. PMID- 7323001 TI - Trainer-trainee problems: assessment. PMID- 7323002 TI - Cardiac emergencies. PMID- 7323003 TI - Gastrointestinal emergencies. PMID- 7323004 TI - Medical respiratory emergencies. PMID- 7323005 TI - Paediatric emergencies in general practice. PMID- 7323006 TI - Paediatric emergencies in hospital. PMID- 7323007 TI - Neurological emergencies. PMID- 7323008 TI - Psychiatric emergencies. PMID- 7323009 TI - Ophthalmic emergencies. PMID- 7323010 TI - Endocrinological emergencies. PMID- 7323011 TI - Sports medicine (2). Medical problems of long-distance swimming. PMID- 7323012 TI - Sports medicine (2). Common medical problems in sub-aqua sport. PMID- 7323013 TI - Ciguatera poisoning. PMID- 7323014 TI - Hypercalcaemia in Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 7323015 TI - [The Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Department of the University Childrens' Clinic in Zurich. Patients, organization and therapeutic concepts]. PMID- 7323016 TI - [Family therapy - theoretical conceptions and practical reality. Results of a survey]. PMID- 7323017 TI - [The problem of development crises in adolescence]. PMID- 7323018 TI - [School phobia: clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7323019 TI - [The significance of Montessori pedagogy for the treatment of children with partial achievement weaknesses]. PMID- 7323020 TI - [Bleeding ulcers in the pyloric channel and in the proximal duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323022 TI - [Venous occlusions in the upper extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323021 TI - [The acute vasculopathies of the limbs: clinical and non-invasive methods of diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323023 TI - [Surgical indications of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323024 TI - [Intracellular localization, isolation and characteristics of superoxide dismutase from Propionibacterium globosum]. AB - From Propionibacterium globosum, superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide dismutase, EC 1.15.1.1) has been isolated. As shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in native and denaturation conditions, the enzyme is a homogeneous protein with a specific activity of 3300 units/mg. In native conditions the enzyme molecular mass is 45,000 as measured by gel-filtration, and 22,000 as determined by Na-dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis. The enzyme is thermostable with pH optimum at 6.1-7.5. It has been found that superoxide dismutase of P. globosum is a membrane-independent cytoplasmic protein. PMID- 7323025 TI - [Lipolytic complex of Penicillium sp]. AB - By gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 it has been demonstrated that the lipolytic complex of Penicillium sp. contains two active components--a high molecular weight (lipase-1) and low molecular weight component (lipase-2). Both components have been isolated by Sephadex gel-filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It has been shown by discelectrophoresis and isoelectric focusing that lipase-2 is a highly purified protein with the molecular weight of 30,000 (gel-filtration) or 29,000 (electrophoresis) and isoelectric point at pH 4.8 Lipase-1 has been found to contain large quantities of lipids. The conditions of deaggregation of a high molecular weight component have been identified to yield a new active component corresponding to lipase-2 in its gel-filtration and disc electrophoresis properties. It has been shown that pH 7.5-8.0 and temperature 37 40 degrees are optimal for both lipase-1 and lipase-2. Activities of the two components are inhibited by Na deoxycholate and remain unchanged in the presence of Na cholate and dehydrocholate. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that lipase-1 and lipase-2 are two forms of the same enzyme. PMID- 7323026 TI - [Separation of a mixture of L-isoleucine and L-leucine]. AB - The conditions of L-leucine and L-isoleucine esterification were investigated. It was found that chromatographically homogeneous L-isoleucine and L-leucine could be isolated from their mixture during its incomplete esterification. As a result, L-leucine transformed into L-leucine and ester chlorohydrate L-isoleucine into L isoleucine chlorohydrate. By means of further neutralization of the reaction mixture L-isoleucine with a 80-85% yield was obtained, and with the aid of L leucine ester hydrolysis L-leucine with a 80-85% yield was produced. The content of the major amino acid following its crystallization from the water-ethanol mixture was 99%. PMID- 7323027 TI - [Stereospecific action of organothiophosphate amino acid derivatives on nervous system esterase activity in the cockroach]. AB - The effect of optic isomers of Rp- and Sp-CH3(C2H5O)P(O)SCH2C(O)NHCH5-COOC2H5(EH 13), Rc- and Sc-(C2H5O)2P(O)SCH2C(O)NHCH (i-C3-H7)COOC2H5.(SH.-156), RpRc-, SpSc , and SpRc-CH3(C2H5O)P(O) SCH2C(O)NHCH(i-C3H7)-COOC2H5(Sh.-142) on the fraction composition of esterases from the nervous tissue of American cockroach was investigated. Esterases were separated by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Sp-(EH-13) and Rc-(Sh.-156) were shown to inhibit carboxy esterase to a greater extent than their antipodes. Stereoisomers of the substance (Sh.-142) were found to influence activity of carboxy esterase molecular forms in a different way. It is postulated that the active surface of molecules of certain carboxy esterase isoenzymes may have stereospecific structure. PMID- 7323028 TI - [Changes in the phospholipid content of blood in diabetes mellitus before and after complex treatment at the Dzhermuk health resort]. AB - The studies were carried out at Dzhermuk clinical sanatorium in 53 patients with moderate and severe diabetes mellitus. Qualitative and quantitative phospholipid content of the whole blood and total cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins of the blood serum were determined. The patients show the constant qualitative content of the blood phospholipids and marked quantitative variations in several phospholipid fractions along with a relatively stable condition of other lipid metabolism indices. The degree of phospholipid fraction quantitative disorders is dependent on the patient's age and diabetes mellitus severity, lipid-lipoid ratio tending to decrease in the neutral phospholipid per cent content of the total phospholipid sum. The treatment at the health resort is accompanied by normalization or a tendency to normalize the blood phospholipid quantitative content and lipid-lipoid ratio. The treatment efficiency is directly dependent on the patient's age, duration and severity of the disease. PMID- 7323029 TI - [Effect of thyroidin on various indicators of lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7323030 TI - [Aberrant substernal goiter located in the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7323031 TI - [Activity of nonspecific immunological factors and serum immunoglobulin levels in children with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The activity of non-specific protection factors (complement titer, lysozyme level, completed phagocytosis index and serum immunoglobulin (IG) concentration) was studied in 100 children, aged 3 to 14 years: 70 with diabetes mellitus and 30 normal subjects. The results obtained indicate a decreased reactivity of the child organism in diabetes mellitus, the reduction degree being directly proportional to the main process severity and decompensation extent. Serum IG level in children, suffering from diabetes mellitus, is disturbed, i.e. high IgA concentration is often seen in the presence of normal IgM level and normal or decreased IgG content. Disimmunoglobulinemia is intensified within decompensation phase, depending on the pathological process duration and severity. The reduced IgG level in patients with severe diabetes apart from lower indices of non specific immunity, stipulates pred disposition of children with diabetes mellitus to the secondary infection development. The indices studied may be used not only for characterizing the body immunobiological reactivity and protective mechanisms, but also for determining the disease severity and form. PMID- 7323032 TI - [Effect of whale somatotropin and its biologically active fragment on various indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the rat diaphragm in vitro]. AB - The ability of somatotropin seival and its fragment 77-107, retaining a marked growth-stimulationg activity, to change the intensity of 14C-glucose consumption from the medium and 14C-glucose inclusion into glycogen by in vitro incubated semidiaphragm of hypophysectomized rats was studied. It was detected that somatotropin seival, contacting with the diaphragmatic muscle tissue, provokes "insulin-like" effect. (i.e. stimulates glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis by this tissue), similar to that of the other animal somatotropins studied. Somatotropin fragment 77-107, revealing growth-stimulating activity, is not able to intensify glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis in the muscle tissue, in contrast to the whole hormone, being indicative of dissociation between structural determinants of these effects in hormone molecule. PMID- 7323033 TI - [Comparative study of the estrogenic activity of modified estrogens based on data of competitive binding analysis and biological assay]. AB - A series of bromo- and silyl-derivatives was studied in experiments on immature female rats in vivo and in vitro. All the estrogens studied were conventionally divided into 4 groups according to their ability for concurrent binding with the rat uterus cytosol receptors and their specific bioeffect: equally concurrent and bioeffective compounds (estrone, ethynyl estradiol); slightly concurrent substances with a pronounced uterotropic action (4-silyl estrogens, mestranol); little effective compounds with 4 to 8% of estradiol concurrent activity (2- and 4-bromo-and silyl estradiols, estriol); compounds, not having concurrent and biological effects (2-silyl estrones, 4-bromoestradiol diacetate). PMID- 7323034 TI - [Thermography in complex instrumental studies in the diagnosis of diabetic angiopathies]. AB - Microcirculation was examined in 182 patients with diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy subjects. According to the disease severity all the patients were divided, as follows: 23 patients with mild diabetes, 99 with moderate form of the disease and 60 subjects with severe diabetes. Thermoassaymmetry of the lower limbs of the patients under examination and proximal distal gradient of the temperature drop were determined to reveal circulation disturbance. The "cold test" promoted discovering vascular insufficiency, whereas local dosed ether anesthesia of the limbs favoured to reveal microcirculation disorder and to determine the time of temperature normalization in the anesthetized regions of patients with diabetes mellitus, comparatively to those of normal subjects. The "hot foot" symptom is pathognomonic for osteoarthropathy. PMID- 7323035 TI - [Hemorheological substantiation of transfusion therapy in acute exogenous poisoning]. PMID- 7323036 TI - [Various tasks in the production and standardization of anti-HLA sera]. PMID- 7323037 TI - [Fruglumin - an agent for producing high titer hemagglutinating sera]. PMID- 7323039 TI - [Interrelation of the thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity of different tissues]. PMID- 7323038 TI - [Thrombocyte ultrastructural and functional characteristics in hypoplastic anemia patients]. PMID- 7323040 TI - [State of the blood coagulation system under the experimental action of the anticoagulant bephedon hyperbaric oxygenation and their combination]. PMID- 7323041 TI - [Kinetic analysis of thrombocyte aggregation]. PMID- 7323042 TI - [Cytocentrifuge chamber for studying the cerebrospinal fluid cells of acute leukemia patients]. PMID- 7323043 TI - [Solution of current problems of hematology and blood transfusion in the United States of America]. PMID- 7323044 TI - [Residual metatuberculous changes as a cause of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary disease]. PMID- 7323045 TI - [Bronchoscopy in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 7323046 TI - [Electroplethysmography and electrobronchography in the evaluation of regional pulmonary changes in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7323047 TI - [State of the bronchi in recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7323048 TI - [Characteristics of acute pneumonia in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and in previously healthy persons]. PMID- 7323049 TI - [Present-day problems of deontology in phthisiology]. PMID- 7323050 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis associated with lung cancer]. PMID- 7323051 TI - [Principles and methods of treatment of emergency states in various lung diseases]. PMID- 7323052 TI - [Capillary blood flow in the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis with adverse reactions to antibacterial drugs]. PMID- 7323053 TI - [Role of hereditary factors in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7323054 TI - [Histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the lymphoid and plasma cells in experimental tuberculous granuloma]. PMID- 7323055 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation in the lung tissue in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7323056 TI - [Role of congenital lung defects in the etiology of chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 7323057 TI - [Levels of serum sulfhydryl groups in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7323058 TI - [Methodological recommendations for conducting mass thoracic fluoroscopies]. PMID- 7323059 TI - Enhancement of methotrexate activity by theophylline in HeLa cell cultures. AB - Treatment of HeLa cells with 1.0 mM theophylline significantly reduced the growth rate of the cell cultures without affecting cellular viability. When methotrexate was added to the theophylline-treated cultures at a concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml, the cytotoxic activity of methotrexate was enhanced. The rate of cell loss in these cultures was over 2.5 times greater than in those cultures receiving only methotrexate. This enhancement of methotrexate activity was also observed when the concentration of methotrexate was reduced to 0.1 microgram/ml. It was concluded that treatment of cells with an agent which prolongs the cell cycle, such as theophylline, may aid in the development of more effective chemotherapy. PMID- 7323060 TI - The effect of angiotensin II infusion on plasma catecholamines in the conscious rabbit. AB - Plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine were measured in conscious, male rabbits. Twenty-minute infusions of 5, 50, and 500 ng/kg/min angiotensin II elevated mean arterial blood pressure by 8 (P less than 0.05), 23 (P less than 0.01), and 33 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), respectively. Plasma catecholamines were unchanged at all levels of angiotensin II infusion except epinephrine which rose from 15 +/- 3 to 52 +/- 17 pg/ml at 500 ng/kg/min. These data suggest an action of the peptide at the adrenal medulla but offer no evidence of a generalized stimulation discharge by angiotensin II. PMID- 7323061 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and hyperadrenocorticism accompanied by normal blood pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Pituitary glands removed from adult female normotensive Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were implanted beneath the renal capsule of 100-day male S-D rats. Female neonatal S-D rats were given a single sc injection of 1.25 mg of testosterone proprionate (TP) suspended in sesame oil. Systolic blood pressure and blood samples were taken at various time intervals postimplantation and TP treatment prio to autopsy. Both the TP treatment and pituitary implants caused hyperprolactinemia, increased adrenal weight concomitant with thymus gland involution, hypersecretion of corticosterone, but no increase in systolic blood pressure. It is suggested that the failure of these hyperprolactinemic S-D rats to develop hypertension was due to the absence of a genetically mediated hypertensinogenic factor present in this normotensive strain which is activated by chronic hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 7323062 TI - Remote tumor effects on lactic dehydrogenase of mouse muscle fibers with different glycolytic--oxidative metabolic potentials. AB - The total lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activity and the isoenzyme pattern were studied in muscles of mice during the progressive growth of a distally transplanted methylcholanthrene-induced tumor. The thigh muscles as a group (a mixture of fibers with different oxidative-glycolytic metabolic potentials), the gastrocnemius muscle (primarily glycolytic), the soleus muscle (predominantly oxidative), the heart (purely oxidative), and the diaphragm (primarily oxidative) were evaluated. The total LD activity increased in muscles with a high glycolytic metabolic potential. In such muscles a significant increase of the muscle type and a significant decrease of the heart type of LD were observed. After 3 weeks of tumor growth the tumor was resected, and the LD activity and isoenzyme distribution returned toward normal values 2 weeks later. PMID- 7323063 TI - Isoproterenol-induced cardiac failure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Thirty-one age-matched, conscious, virgin, male Sprague-Dawley rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were individually injected with a single subcutaneous dose of 85 mg/kg dl-isoproterenol to determine the degree and time course of drug-induced cardiac failure and functional recovery. At 24 hr and 1 week postisoproterenol, rats were anesthetized and prepared for the recording of cardiac output and arterial pressure. Calculated cardiac index was used to determine normal cardiac function. Following that measurement, a 2-min, 15.3 ml/min infusion of Tyrode's solution was performed via a right jugular vein cannula. Volume-loaded peak-cardiac outputs and peak stroke volumes were also used as indices of cardiac function. Twenty-four hours after the injection of isoproterenol to he normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats, cardic failure was evident only during the stress of volume loading. Normal cardiac index was unaffected, but peak cardiac output and peak stroke volume were depressed. By 1 week after isoproterenol, the volume loaded measures of cardiac function had returned to normal. Interestingly, by 1 week postisoproterenol, total peripheral resistance was reduced. This reduced vascular resistance may have aided myocardial repair. At 24 hr postisoproterenol, the volume loaded peak cardiac outputs and peak stroke volumes in the SHRs were reduced to the same degree as in the Sprague Dawley rats. Here, also, no change in normal cardiac index occurred. In the SHRs, however, total peripheral resistances were elevated at both 24 hr and 1 week. These increases in resistance appeared to impair the myocardial healing process, as both normal cardiac index and volume-loaded peak cardiac output and peak stroke volume were depressed at 1 week postisoproterenol. In normotensive and hypertensive rats, different vascular responses to isoproterenol or its initial cardiac effects may determine the duration and eventual degree of cardiac failure. PMID- 7323064 TI - Influence of gelatin on bioassayable and immunoreactive opsonic fibronectin. AB - Plasma fibronectin has a high affinity for denatured collagen (gelatin) and exerts an opsonic influence on phagocytosis of test colloids and clearance of tissue debris by macrophages. This study evaluated the effect of in vitro and in vivo interaction of gelatin with plasma on measurable bioassayable opsonic activity and immunoreactive fibronectin. Incubation of human, dog, sheep, and rat plasma with gelatin prior to in vitro assay decreased (P less than 0.05) the ability of plasma to augment particle uptake in the liver slice bioassay. Incubation of plasma with gelatin also decreased the concentration of fibronectin that could be detected by electroimmunoassay. Intravenous infusion of gelatin into rats, dogs, and sheep resulted in an acute depression in both bioassayable and immunoreactive opsonic observations suggest that deficits of opsonic fibronectin as documented in injured patients by bioassay and electroimmunoassay may not be exclusively related to actual depletion of fibronectin from blood but may be, in part, due to binding of fibronectin to blood-borne material post trauma, i.e., collagenous tissue debris, whose presence in plasma may limit its detection by both assays. PMID- 7323065 TI - Development of carrageenan pleurisy in the rat: effects of colchicine on inhibition of cell mobilization. AB - Colchicine produced three effects which modified the acute inflammatory response to carrageenan in the rat pleural cavity: (i) inhibition of neutrophil mobilization and concomitant exudate formation (3 hr); (ii) inhibition of monocyte mobilization (21 hr); and (iii) augmented exudate formation (3 and 21 hr). The 1st effect was related to the intraperitoneal dose of colchicine and occurred only at leukopenic dose levels This effect could not be produced by intrapleural injection of nonleukopenic doses of colchicine. The second effect, on the other hand, was produced by intraperitoneal leukopenic doses and to a lesser extent by intrapleural administration of nonleukopenic doses of colchicine. Importantly, the normal biphasic exudative response to carrageenan developed fully in the absence of monocytes. The third effect, a dose-dependent augmentation of both exudative phases of carrageenan pleurisy, was produced by low, nonleukopenic, intrapleural doses of colchicine. The augmented exudate was sensitive to prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors but not to anti-inflammatory steroids. Neither neutrophils nor monocytes were responsible for the augmented exudate. Colchicine, injected into the rat hindlimb or pleural and peritoneal cavities did not elicit the mobilization of neutrophils or a pleural effusion. In addition, colchicine did not affect the magnitude, temporal development, or decay of the potent edematogenic action of serotonin in the rat hindlimb. Thus irritancy was not responsible for any of the effects of colchicine. PMID- 7323066 TI - Acute-phase reactants in experimental inhalation lung disease. AB - An investigation on the occurrence and role of acute-phase reactants in experimental inhalation lung disease (ILD) was undertaken. Using an experimental model of ILD in which rabbits are exposed to aerosols of appropriate fungal spores, haptoglobin analysis was compared with depressions in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) with time following challenge. Haptoglobin values of rabbits exposed to single 30-min aerosol challenges of Aspergillus terreus, demonstrated a significant (two- to three fold) increase 24-48 hr after challenge. Haptoglobin elevation was found to be a more reliable and consistent indicator of pulmonary inflammation than depression of PaO2. In an effort to determine the role of haptoglobin in this response, acute phase reactant levels were elevated either actively or passively. When rabbits with augmented haptoglobin levels were exposed to aerosol challenges with A. terreus, the typical depressions in PaO2 at 1-4 hr postchallenge were not observed. This indicated the plasma containing elevated acute-phase reactants may be involved in limiting the pulmonary response that normally occurs following challenge. Haptoglobin was not found to bind to A. terreus spores in vitro. PMID- 7323067 TI - Digoxin transport in the distal nephron of rats during saline diuresis. AB - The nephron segments involved in the renal tubular transport of digoxin and the direction of transport in each segment were evaluated using renal micropuncture techniques in 11 rats made diuretic by i.v. infusion of .85% saline. Tubular fluid was collected from 4 different sites along the nephron: late proximal, early distal, late distal, and ureter. The concentrations of 3H-digoxin and 14C inulin were measured in each sample and the reabsorption of water and efflux of digoxin were calculated. Water was removed from the lumen along the entire length of the nephron and only 2.53 +/- 0.3% of the filtrate was excreted in the urine. Digoxin was also absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule and in the loop of Henle. About 1/3 of the filtered drug exited in these early nephron segments probably by passive diffusion. In the distal convoluted tubule, digoxin was added to the tubular fluid. The fraction of digoxin present in the lumen increased form 64 +/- 3.8% of the filtered load at early distal site to 78.7% +/- 4.8% at late distal site indicating that an amount equal to 15% of filtered digoxin entered the tubule. This influx occurred against a concentration of 3-5, suggesting the existence of a carrier mediated or active transport mechanism in this nephron segment. Transport of digoxin beyond the late distal puncture site was negligible. The collecting duct appeared to be relatively impermeable to the drug since a concentration gradient of 30 or greater failed to cause its diffusion out of the tubule. The data indicate bidirectional transport of digoxin in the rat nephron. Efflux occurs primarily in the early nephron segments while net influx is limited to the distal convoluted tubule. PMID- 7323068 TI - The influence of zinc on the ontogeny of hepatic metallothionein in the fetal rat. AB - The ontogeny of hepatic metallothioneins (Mt) in fetal tissue as related to dietary and hepatic Zn was investigated. Sixty 6-month-old female rats were divided into two groups and given either double-distilled water or water containing 700 mug of Zn per milliliter. Dams from each group were killed on 16, 19, or 21 days of gestation, and maternal and fetal livers were removed. Mt content of the tissue was estimated by Piotrowski's Hg-saturation method. Results established the presence of an endogenous hepatic Mt in the fetal rat as early as 16 days of gestation. We further demonstrated a marked progressive increase in fetal Mt from Day 16 through gestation accompanied by a decrease in maternal hepatic Mt. It is suggested that Zn increased fetal Mt by inducing fetal synthesis, redistributing fetal Mt, or increasing Mt transport to the fetus, because both fetal and maternal hepatic Mt were increased. Fetal hepatic Mt concentration was several times greater than maternal Mt at corresponding stages of gestation. Mt may serve to either ensure adequate storage of Zn or Cu for fetal development or protect the fetus against metal toxicity, but the significance of these high endogenous levels of fetal Mt are not clear at this time. PMID- 7323069 TI - Possible role and mode of action of gastrin on calcium homeostasis in the rat. AB - The hypocalcemic effect of gastrin and its possible mode of action were studied in rats. Gastrin (13 micrograms/100 g rat), injected intravenously led to a significant reduction in the plasma calcium concentrations. The release of endogenous gastrin by an intragastric phenylalanine instillation similarly led to a significant hypocalcemia in intact rat but not in antrectomized rat. Moreover, the protective role of endogenous gastrin against hypercalcemia induced by an intraduodenal infusion of CaCl2 (10 mg/100 g rat) was demonstrated. Gastrin (50 microgram/100 g rat) seems to have no influence on the net intestinal absorption of 45Ca. The removal of 45Ca from plasma was also unaffected by gastrin administration. The disappearance rate from plasma of 45Ca administered 17 hr previously was compared in sham, thyroidectomized (TX) and parathyroid autotransplanted rats receiving saline or gastrin. The faster rate of disappearance of plasma 45Ca from plasma in gastrin-treated TX autoparathyroid transplanted rats indicated the suppressive action of gastrin on the release of 45Ca from as yet unknown source(s). PMID- 7323070 TI - The mechanism of action and target organ of gastrin-induced hypocalcemia. AB - The hypocalcemia effect of gastrin and the possible role of the hormone in calcium homeostasis have been demonstrated in our previous study. The mechanism involves neither the gastrointestinal absorption nor the removal of calcium from plasma but is possibly due to the suppression of the calcium influx into blood. In searching for the organ(s) involved in the action of gastrin, the following were tested and not found to be directly responsible: stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, kidney, lung, muscle, and red blood cell. After 17 hr of 45Ca administration, the turnover of 45Ca in the tibia was measured. Gastrin was found to suppress the release of 45Ca by 25% within 1 hr. The suppressive effect of gastrin on 45Ca release was also demonstrated in an in vitro preparation which showed that the 45Ca released from prelabeled tibia into the incubating medium was also reduced by gastrin. It was thus concluded that the gastrin-induced hypocalcemia in rat was the result of a suppression of the release of calcium from bone. PMID- 7323071 TI - Effect of renal nerve stimulation on renal blood flow autoregulation and antinatriuresis during reductions in renal perfusion pressure. AB - Renal nerve stimulation increases renal vascular resistance and decreases glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neurally mediated changes in renal vascular resistance, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion at control renal perfusion pressure modified the autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and the antinatriuresis observed during reductions in renal perfusion pressure in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion were determined during stepwise reductions in renal perfusion pressure from 137 to 55 mm Hg (suprarenal aortic constriction) before and during electrical stimulation of the renal nerve at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Hz. In the absence of renal nerve stimulation, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained constant until renal perfusion pressure was reduced to 70 and 85 mm Hg, respectively. Urinary sodium excretion decreased linearly as renal perfusion pressure decreased. Renal nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Hz increased renal vascular resistance and decreased glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. These frequencies of renal nerve stimulation, however, did not alter the decreases in renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate or the antinatriuretic response to stepwise reductions in renal perfusion pressure to 55 mm Hg. These data demonstrate that increased renal vascular resistance at either the afferent or efferent arteriole does not change the responses of these vessels to reductions in renal perfusion pressure. Renal nerve stimulation at frequencies which decrease urinary sodium excretion at control renal perfusion pressure also does not enhance the antinatriuretic response to reductions in renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 7323072 TI - In vivo and ex vivo effects of copper on rat liver metallothionein. PMID- 7323073 TI - Fluid volumes in one-kidney 30-day renal artery stenosis rabbits. PMID- 7323074 TI - Protection of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate against toxicity of acetaldehyde to hepatocytes. PMID- 7323075 TI - Effects of dietary protein restriction on circulating concentrations of growth hormone in growing domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7323076 TI - Differential effects of warm- and cold-ambient temperature on blood levels of beta-endorphin and prolactin in the rat. PMID- 7323077 TI - Mechanism of negative potassium balance in the magnesium-deficient rat. PMID- 7323078 TI - Intracellular sodium activity and transcellular sodium transport in gallbladder. AB - As stated in the introduction, the purpose of this report has been to illustrate how the measurement of steady-state intracellular ionic activities, a technique that has proved to be of great importance in studying the energetics of transmembrane ionic transfer processes, can, with appropriate assumptions, be used to obtain information concerning the kinetics of these processes. Specifically, our analysis has focussed on transcellular Na+ transport in Necturus gallbladder and has shown that, given the steady-state values of Em, a1Na, and apical Na+ conductance for a particular set of conditions, it is possible to obtain estimates of net baso-lateral Na+ efflux (Na+ pump rate), net (and/or unidirectional) diffusive apical Na+ influx, and net coupled NaCl influx. It should be emphasized that the analysis outlined above is a preliminary essay in this direction. We present it here in the hope that, wit appropriate refinements, it may prove useful in unraveling the mechanisms by which drugs, hormones and other specific agents affect membrane function in epithelial and other systems. PMID- 7323079 TI - The Na+-dependent sugar carrier as a sensor of the cellular electrochemical Na+ potential. PMID- 7323080 TI - The intestinal transport of electrolytes and non-elecrolytes: effect of glucagon on Cl-secretion. PMID- 7323081 TI - Metabolic properties of gastric glands. PMID- 7323082 TI - Transport in mammalian gastric mucosa. AB - Experiments in mammalian gastric mucosae lead to the following conclusions: 1. Sodium, potassium, and chloride are all required in the serosal solution but not on the mucosal side for acid secretion to occur. The only exception to this is in the dog, for which Cl- is required on both sides. 2. Most mammalian gastric mucosa actively absorb Na+. This 2. Most mammalian gastric mucosa actively absorb Na+. This absorption can be blocked by amiloride in the mucosal solution or by ouabain on the serosal side. The Na+ absorption probably occurs in some cell type other than parital cells. 3. Sodium and chloride move through separate transport pathways across the serosal border. 4. Hydrogen and chloride secretion are closely linked; however the secretion does not appear to be in the neutral HCl form. 5. There is a ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump at the serosal membrane. 6. An increase in intracellular cAMP can initiate acid secretion. In addition cAMP appears to play a role physiologically at least in the initiation of histamine stimulated acid secretion. PMID- 7323083 TI - Explanation of the effects of imidazole, aminopyrine, and thiocyanate on gastric secretion. AB - On the basis of the model of figure 9 and its equivalent circuit of figure 10, explanations have been presented for the inhibition of the SCN type of inhibitors and the reversal of their inhibition by the weak bases, imidazole and aminopyrine. On the basis of the model, we have presented explanations for the changes in PD and resistance associated with the SCN type of inhibitors. Explanations of the other effects of the SCN type inhibitors and the effects of the weak bases are possible on the basis of the model. However, these explanations involve some lengthy analysis beyond the scope of the present paper. The model supplies the conceptual basis for a considerable number of further substantive experiments. PMID- 7323084 TI - Regulation of cell volume of frog urinary bladder. PMID- 7323085 TI - Calciphorin and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake: an update. PMID- 7323086 TI - Th contribution of interfacial phenomena to transient electrical behaviour in epithelial membranes. PMID- 7323087 TI - Activation energy measurements of electrophysiological parameters in epithelial membranes. PMID- 7323088 TI - Dynamic aspects of transepithelial active Na transport and oxidative metabolism. PMID- 7323089 TI - Sodium chloride absorption by flounder intestine: a model for the renal thick ascending limb. PMID- 7323090 TI - Morphological correlates of weak electrolyte transport in the small intestine. PMID- 7323091 TI - Hormones, growth, and DNA replication. PMID- 7323092 TI - Effects of estradiol-receptor complexes on the template activity of human breast tumor chromatin. AB - The interaction of estradiol-receptor complexes with isolated human breast tumor chromatin was studied under equilibrium conditions. Tumor samples were obtained from mastectomy specimens or biopsies. Chromatin was prepared from these samples and incubated with estradiolreceptor partially purified from cytosol rat uterus or from human hormone-dependent tumors. The two preparations gave similar results in the interactions with human chromatin. The in vitro transcription activity of chromatin from hormone-dependent tumors was dramatically increased by the addition of estradiol-receptor. Maximal enhancement was achieved with 70 fmoles of estradiol-receptor complex in the presence of 50 micrograms of chromatin. These changes in RNA synthesis were not detectable with chromatin isolated from autonomous breast tumors. PMID- 7323093 TI - Steps towards mapping of steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 7323094 TI - The prostatic cell: structure and function. Part B. Prolactin, carcinogenesis, and clinical aspects. PMID- 7323095 TI - Uptake and secretion of carcinogenic chemicals by the dog and rat prostate. AB - Because the prostate of laboratory animals seems relatively resistant to the carcinogenic effects of systematically administered chemicals--an observation of some significance in attempts to establish the etiology of human prostatic adenocarcinoma and to produce animal models of prostatic cancer--we studied the penetration of eight carcinogenic chemicals into both the prostate gland and the prostatic secretion of the dog and the rat. The eight chemicals were 3 methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, N-hydroxyurethane, aflatoxin B1, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 2-acetylaminofluorene, N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, and cadmium. In both species all eight substances and/or their metabolites were found to rapidly enter the prostate, and all except cadmium were recovered from prostatic fluid. Thus, although the levels in prostatic fluid did not always reflect levels in the gland, there was little if any barrier to the penetration of these chemicals into the gland. The apparent relative refractoriness of the prostate to systematically administered carcinogenic chemicals cannot be due to failure of such substances to enter the gland. PMID- 7323096 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450 and metabolic activation of mutagens in the rat ventral prostate. PMID- 7323097 TI - Activation of tumoricidal properties in murine macrophages by intravenous injection of muramyl dipeptide encapsulated within liposomes as a treatment for spontaneous metastasis. PMID- 7323098 TI - Studies on a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor and their therapeutic implications. PMID- 7323099 TI - Analysis of the androgen receptor in needle biopsies from human prostatic tissue. PMID- 7323100 TI - Mitochondrial damage produced by estradiol valerate in the Dunning (R3327H) rat prostatic adenocarcinoma: a preliminary report. PMID- 7323101 TI - Critical issues in prostatic cancer: the clinical trial in localized disease. PMID- 7323102 TI - Cooperative clinical trials in prostate cancer. PMID- 7323103 TI - Effect of compaction pressure and punch curvature on the indentation hardness profiles of some compressed tablets. PMID- 7323104 TI - Potentiometric analysis of chlorhexidine and alexidine salts in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 7323105 TI - Immune response to a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly. AB - A study was carried out in 24 elderly patients, aged 69 years or over, to determine the antibody response to and tolerance of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Patients were injected with 0.5 ml of the vaccine and blood samples were drawn before and 3 weeks afterwards. Antibody titres to 5 serotypes were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that at least 92% of the patients had a 2-fold or greater antibody response (mean 5.1-fold increase or over). No systemic complaints were reported and after the first day only a few patients complained of erythema and/or soreness at the injection site. PMID- 7323106 TI - Penetration of penicillin into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with latent syphilis. AB - Eighteen patients with latent syphilis were treated with 360 mg, 720 mg, 1080 mg or 1440 mg intramuscular procaine penicillin daily for 14 days. Penicillin was assayed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid collected 3 hours after the second injection in each patient. Penicillin was present in all sera in concentrations greater than the generally accepted fully treponemacidal level, but none was detected in cerebrospinal fluid from 11 patients. The significance of these results is discussed, particularly with a view to changes in standard treatment regimens for latent syphilis. PMID- 7323107 TI - Some rheological properties of blood during anti-rheumatoid therapy. AB - A study was carried out to compare the whole blood and plasma viscosities in 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with hydroxychloroquine to the corresponding values in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with either sodium aurothiomalate or D-penicillamine to determine whether hydroxychloroquine therapy altered the rheological properties of red blood cells. There was no significant difference for natural and corrected (PVC = 45%) whole blood viscosity measured by Contraves low shear viscometer and Harkness capillary viscometer, plasma viscosity, haematocrit, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two group. PMID- 7323108 TI - Tamitinol in paedopsychiatric out-patient therapy. AB - A study was carried out in 11 children, ranging in age from 7 to 12 years, to determine the clinical effect of tamitinol, in addition to psychotherapy, in alleviating disturbances of learning and behaviour. Tamitinol was administered as one 100 mg tablet per 10 kg body weight daily for 8 weeks. Assessments were made of the patients' mental condition using a 7-point rating scale, before and during treatment. Global response to treatment and tolerance were evaluated at the end of the trial by the clinician and the patients (or parents). Significant improvement was noted in 7 of the 10 children who completed the study. Six of the 13 psychiatric symptoms evaluated by the clinician were significantly improved (p less than 0.01). The drug was well tolerated by all patients. PMID- 7323109 TI - Tinidazole as a prophylactic agent in hysterectomy: a clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison with metronidazole. AB - The efficacy of 2 g tinidazole pre-operatively in the prevention of anaerobic sepsis following the operation of hysterectomy in 50 women was compared with that of different regimens of metronidazole. The blood levels of tinidazole at and following operation were estimated, indicating a half-=life of 13.5 hours. Clinically, the activity of tinidazole paralleled that of metronidazole for comparable blood levels. Using the data obtained, an optimum dose scheme has been calculated for tinidazole. PMID- 7323110 TI - Ontogeny of fenfluramine and amphetamine anorexia compared in rat pups. AB - The anorexic effects of three doses of amphetamine or fenfluramine were compared in rat pups 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days of age. The anorexic effects of the drugs were monitored by weighing the pups before and after a 90 minute feeding period following four hours of deprivation. Amphetamine appeared to induce weight gain in 5-day-old rats, but at 10 days and thereafter, became progressively more potent in reducing weight gain and caused weight loss indicative of the involvement of non-specific factors. In contrast, while fenfluramine also reduced weight gain at 10 days, its potency was reduced in older pups and it did not cause weight loss. These results suggest that in rat pups amphetamine and fenfluramine act differently to reduce feeding and that brain serotonergic systems mediating inhibition of suckling are functional in 10-day-old rats. It is also argued that these findings lend credence to the notion that the ontogeny of feeding parallels its recovery after brain lesions. PMID- 7323111 TI - Pilocarpine, a non-hallucinogenic cholinergic agonist, elicits limb flicking in cats. AB - The centrally- and peripherally-acting muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (PILO, 0.125-1.0 mg/kg, IP) elicited a significantly increased frequency of occurrence of limb flicking at 0.25-1.0 mg/kg, and significantly increased the frequency of occurrence of other grooming behaviors, in 4-6 cats in the 90 min following its administration. These effects of PILO at 0.5 mg/kg were antagonized by the peripherally-acting antimuscarinic agent, N-methylscopolamine (MESCO, 0.5 mg/kg, IP), when MESCO was administered 15 min before PILO. The same lisuride (LIS, 0.05 mg/kg, IP). These results provide further evidence that a cat behavior model for LSD-like hallucinogens which employs limb flicking and similar grooming behaviors is not specific for hallucinogens; indicate that important "model behaviors" may be elicited by a peripheral mechanism; and show that a peripheral muscarinic cholinergic mechanism is not responsible for LSD- and LIS-elicited limb flicking. The results also suggest that the increased frequency of occurrence of the model behaviors after PILO reflects their function as grooming behaviors, elicited by PILO's intense cholinergic effects, including salivation or sialorrhea and emesis. PMID- 7323112 TI - Effects of caffeine on tactile startle in rats. AB - The effects of graded doses of caffeine (1.5 to 100 mg/kg) on tactile startle responding were examined in rats given 121 air-puff stimuli at 15 second intervals. Doses of caffeine up to 50 mg/kg were found to significantly increase tactile startle consistently throughout the 30 minute test session. The highest dose of caffeine tested initially increased and subsequently decreased startle amplitude. An examination of the time-course of the augmentation in startle produced by 12 mg/kg caffeine revealed that the effect was maximal 15 minutes after the subcutaneous injection. The results are discussed in relation to the differences between the effects reported here for caffeine and the known effects of other psychostimulants. PMID- 7323113 TI - The effects of melatonin on open field behavior. PMID- 7323114 TI - The effects of quipazine, fenfluramine and apomorphine on the morphine potentiation of tonic immobility. AB - Acute administration of morphine (2 mg/kg, IM) enhanced tonic immobility (TI) durations in three-week old chickens. This effect could be reversed with the 5-HT receptor agonist quipazine. Similarly, promoting 5-HT release by fenfluramine antagonized the morphine potentiation of the response. Both 5-HT agonists reduced TI durations. Finally, the DA receptor agonist apomorphine produced decrements in TI duration and blocked the effect of morphine. The results suggest the involvement of serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanism in the morphine potentiation of the response. The findings are also discussed in terms of a revised serotonergic model of tonic immobility. PMID- 7323115 TI - Chlorpromazine and brain-stimulation reward: potentiation of effects by naloxone. PMID- 7323116 TI - Comparative stimulus properties of two fractions of the coca leaf (E. coca). AB - Male and female Wistar rats were trained to discriminate 5.0 mg/kg cocaine from 2.0 ml/kg saline using a two-bar food reinforcement (FR 30) drug discrimination paradigm. Once discrimination behavior had stabilized the subjects were tested (in extinction) with several doses of two different fractions of the coca leaf and four doses of cocaine HCl (1.0, 2.5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg). The fractions were prepared by extracting powdered coca leaves with 95% ethanol and then partitioning the residue between chloroform and water. Two doses of the water fractions (480, 960 mg/kg) and five doses of the chloroform fraction (7.5, 15, 30, 60 120 mg/kg) were tested. The water fractions was devoid of cocaine while the five doses of the chloroform fraction contained cocaine equivalent to 0.4, 0.83, 1.65, 3.3 and 6.6 mg/kg, respectively, as determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The 2.5, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg cocaine doses generalized to cocaine. The 1.0 mg/kg dose of cocaine generalized to saline. The water fraction at 480 mg/kg generalized to saline; however following pretreatment with the 960 mg/kg dose of this fraction, the animals failed to respond. The two largest doses of the chloroform fraction (60 and 120 mg/kg) generalized to cocaine while the other three doses did not. The 7.5 mg/kg generalized to saline; the 15 and 30 mg/kg doses engendered an intermediate level of responding on both the cocaine and saline lever. PMID- 7323117 TI - Pimozide attenuates conditioned taste preferences induced by self-stimulation in rats. AB - Conditioned taste preferences (CTPs) were observed in rats who drank flavored water followed by a session of self-stimulation. Control groups that did not self stimulate did not exhibit CTPs. Other taste/SS pairings conducted under the influence of the dopamine receptor antagonist pimozide (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg, IP) resulted in dose-dependent reduction in the size of the CTPs. No evidence of any aversive effects (conditioned taste aversions) of the pimozide treatment were observed in the no-stimulation control groups. These data suggest that, in addition to its effects on responding, low doses of pimozide reduce the rewarding properties of self-stimulation. PMID- 7323118 TI - Enhancing effect of methamphetamine on ambulatory activity produced by repeated administration in mice. AB - Effect of repeated administration of methamphetamine (MAM) on ambulatory activity was studied under various experimental conditions. Nine groups of mice received 10 doses of 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg MAM on a daily, 3-4 day or weekly schedule. Increases in activity were enhanced progressively in proportion to the number of MAM doses, but the extent varied with the dose and interval of repetition. One mg/kg caused slight enhancement under all conditions. In the case of 2 mg/kg, marked enhancement was observed until the 7th-8th administration in 3-7 day schedules, but poorer enhancement was elicited by daily administration. Four mg/kg of daily repetition caused no enhancement, because of marked stereotyped behavior which competed with ambulation. However, the enhancement was observed in the 3-7 day schedule when stereotyped behavior was not prominent. The enhancement was well maintained after a 2 months drug-free period. When a mouse was confined in a jar of small diameter to impede ambulation after MAM, the enhancement was blocked. These results suggest a possibility that learning of drug effect in association with environmental factors may play an important role in the enhancing effect. PMID- 7323119 TI - Repeated administration of pergolide to rats attenuates the acute elevation of serum corticosterone by pergolide. AB - A single injection (0.3 mg/kg IP) of pergolide mesylate, a dopamine agonist, increased serum corticosterone concentration several-fold in rats. This increase did not occur or was greatly diminished in rats that had received four previous daily injections of pergolide. The non-responsiveness to pergolide persisted at the second day after the last of 4 daily injections of pergolide, but by the third and fourth days the rats were again responsive to pergolide in terms of serum corticosterone elevation. The lowering of dopamine metabolites (3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid) by pergolide occurred in pergolide-pretreated rats to the same extent as in control rats. Serum corticosterone concentration in pergolide-pretreated rats was elevated normally by a serotonin agonist, quipazine. Since the pituitary-adrenocortical system can be activated in pergolide-pretreated rats (indicated by the normal response to quipazine), the insensitivity to pergolide may be due to decreased responsiveness of central dopamine receptors mediating corticosterone elevation by pergolide. PMID- 7323120 TI - Sleep suppressant action of quipazine: relation to central serotonergic stimulation. AB - Administration of quipazine maleate (1-10 mg/kg, IP), a proposed 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor stimulant to rats produced a dose-related suppression of both slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) accompanied by an increase in head-shaking behavior. These effects were observed during the first 6 hr of a 12-hr EEG recording session. The latencies to the sleep states were markedly prolonged and correlated with the duration of head shaking behavior induced by the drug. A significant inverse relationship was found between the amount of SWS or REMS and the number of head-shakes occurring during the first 6-hr period. Since head-shaking behavior in rodents has been proposed as a quantitative, behavioral model of central 5-HT activation, the data suggest a causal relationship between enhanced 5-HT activity and sleep suppression. This assumption is further supported by the observation that pretreatment with metergoline (2.5 mg/kg, IP) a 5-HT receptor blocker, reduced quipazine's effects on both SWS and head-shaking behavior. PMID- 7323121 TI - Human platelet imipramine recognition sites: biochemical and pharmacological characterization. AB - The influence of the membrane environment on the integrity of the human platelet [3H]-imipramine recognition site was examined. When platelet membranes were isolated in a buffer containing enzyme inhibitors (EDTA, EGTA and antiprotease) a significantly greater number of high affinity [3H]-imipramine binding sites was observed. A calcium-stimulated degradation of imipramine sites was also demonstrated. This degradation occurred in vitro over physiologically relevant time periods. Furthermore, inactivation of imipramine binding was achieved by very low concentrations (IC50 = 5 microgram/ml) of phospholipase A2. Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors were potent displacers of [3H]-imipramine binding; histamine (H1), alpha-adrenergic (alpha 1), and muscarinic agents were much less active. The receptor was shown to be proteinaceous in nature due to its sensitivity to protease, heat denaturation and chemical modification with N ethylmaleimide. From these results it is proposed that membrane lipid perturbations, catalyzed by calcium, may control expression of platelet [3H] imipramine sites. The relation of this recognition site to aminergic systems and the possible relevancy to the action of antidepressants are addressed. PMID- 7323122 TI - Computer-aided calculation of dose response curves in behavioral pharmacology by using a nonlinear regression procedure. AB - In a variety of behavioral pharmacological experiments drug induced graded responses can be recorded even if one animal can be tested only once. In this case the analysis of dose response relationships will be accompanied with theoretical and practical problems additional to those known for dose response curves in single subjects as well as for the all-or-none type of responses. An experimental design was considered where one quantitatively measurable response of each animal tested contributed to an average dose response relationship. Use was made of a four parameter model capable of fitting s-shaped dose response curves over the whole feasible dose range for solving this nonlinear regression problem. Two examples, the dose dependent increased locomotor activity induced by apomorphine and the inhibited locomotor activity after pimozide treatment, were given to demonstrate the use of the method described and to direct the reader's attention to the wide range of its possible applications. PMID- 7323123 TI - [The synthesis, analysis, stability and biotransformation of N-(3-methylphenyl) N'-cyanobenzamidine and analogues (author's transl)]. AB - The antivirally active N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-cyanobenzamidine (1) and some of its analogues were synthetized by the reaction of the ethyl ester of N cyanobenzimidic acid with the corresponding arylamines. The analytical profile of 1 and of some of its analogues, which is needed for stability and biotransformation studies, was established by means of the following techniques: solubility determination, TLC, UV, IR and MS. When 1 is heated with methanolic HCl and NaOH (0.5 mol/l) for 1 h, several hydrolysis products are formed: m toluidine, benzoic acid, benzoic acid 3-toluidide, N-(3-methylphenyl)benzamidine, N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-carboxamidobenzamidine, benzoylurea, However, 1 is fairly stable under physiological conditions so biotransformation studies are not affected. After oral application of 1 to rats, the 3-hydroxymethyl and the 3 methyl-5-hydroxy compound as well as its glucuronide and sulphate conjugate were detected in the urine. The faeces contained considerable amounts of unchanged 1 (incomplete absorption). PMID- 7323124 TI - [Isolation and structure of the main metabolite of macrolide antibiotic turimycin H (author's transl)]. AB - Turimycin H0 was isolated from the bile of rats as main metabolite after i.v. administration of turimycin H. It was also obtained by incubation of turimycin H with liver homogenates of dogs and rats. Degradation of turimycin H by liver homogenate of pigs was found to be relatively slow. Turimycin H0 was identified as 4"-deacylturimycin H by MS. PMID- 7323125 TI - Drug-polymer combinations. Part 1: The preparation of sustained release drugs by combination with ion exchanging resins. AB - The preparation of procainamide and propranolol resinates is described. By in vivo experiments with propranolol resinate as model substance the release rate as a function of crosslinking degree and particle size is studied. An in vitro test is carried out to compare the performance as prolonged release preparation of a resinate, e.g. procainamide resinate, with the action of the pure drug and of a Durette formulation. PMID- 7323126 TI - The construction and uses of factorial designs in the preparation of solid dosage forms. Part 3. Effect of temperature and time on the mechanical properties of sintered tablets. AB - The present and forecoming series of experiments illustrate the application of factorial design to the study of the sintering phenomena of pharmaceutical tablets. This part was concerned with the effect of temperature (X1) and time (X2) on the mechanical properties of sintered tablets. A 2 X 2 design was developed for salicylamide tablets with the two factors at two levels, and a 3 X 3 design for phenobarbital tablets with the two factors at three levels. Analysis of variance was used to determine the significant effects. Empirical regression equations were obtained which indicated that the hardness of sintered tablets was markedly improved by using the high level of X1 at the low level of X2 in phenobarbital tablets, and the high levels of both X1 and X2 in salicylamide tablets. The tablets tensile strength was a linear function of X1 and X2, but the interaction effect X1X2 was insignificant. Significant quadratic effects of X2/2 and/or X2/1 were also detected for the mechanical properties of phenobarbital tablets. PMID- 7323127 TI - [Pharmacopoeias and official quality standards for pharmaceutical evaluation in the Hungarian People's Republic]. PMID- 7323128 TI - Substituted dopamine quinazolones as potent antiparkinsonian agents. PMID- 7323129 TI - Pharmacological properties of N-aminodiphenylhydantoin, a new hydantoin derivative with anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 7323130 TI - Investigation on antibacterial activity of some new amino-phosphinic and aminophosphonic complexons. PMID- 7323131 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic isolation and identification of impurities in the multivitamin preparation Turigeran]. PMID- 7323132 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of propranolol in healthy humans]. PMID- 7323133 TI - [Extraction of biologically active vasopressin from cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7323134 TI - Adrenergic pharmacology of aqueous humor dynamics. PMID- 7323135 TI - Effect of amino acids and dipeptides on ethanol absorption across the rat intestine. AB - Effects of amino acids and dipeptides on ethanol (50 mM) absorption were studied by in vivo perfusion of the rat intestine. All the amino acids and dipeptides tested enhanced the rate of ethanol absorption over that observed with a control solution containing an equimolar concentration of mannitol. The increase in the rate of ethanol absorption can be related to the entry of ethanol with water which accompanies the active absorption of these nutrients. Some amino acids and dipeptides like lysine, tryptophan and glycyl-phenylalanine have an additional stimulatory effect on ethanol absorption which seems unrelated to water movement. PMID- 7323136 TI - HPLC determination of antipyrine metabolites. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatography method is described which allows for the simultaneous determination of antipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine and 3-hydroxyantipyrine. Hydrolysis conditions with respect to source glucuronidase, amount of glucuronidase, pH of incubation and addition of antioxidant to the incubation medium proved to be very critical for norantipyrine and to a lesser extent 4-hydroxyantipyrine. The method is of good sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Thus, the method is well suited for detailed metabolic studies. PMID- 7323138 TI - Peripheral and central pathways in pain. PMID- 7323137 TI - Changes in phospholipid methyltransferases and membrane microviscosity during induction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital and 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - Rat liver microsomes contained two methyltransferases which converted phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC). The first methyltransferase converted PE to phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PME) and the second methyltransferase converted PME to PC. Previous work has shown that increased PME synthesis decreases membrane microviscosity. Therefore, changes in the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, phospholipid methyltransferases and membrane microviscosity after induction by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene were studied. Phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene increased cytochrome P-450 levels 2- to 3-fold. At low SAM concentration, the proportion of PME among the total phospholipids formed increased significantly, and at a high SAM concentration, the proportion of PC among the total phospholipids formed decreased significantly in microsomes of treated rats. Treatment of rats with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene also decreased microviscosities of the microsomal membranes and liposomes which were prepared from phospholipids extracted from the microsomes. In synthetic liposomes containing PE, PME and PC, microviscosity decreased when the proportion of PME was increased or the proportion of PC was decreased. These results suggest that the membrane fluidity increases with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, and changes in phospholipid methyltransferases may contribute to the process of enzyme induction. During induction with phenobarbital, all three factors known to increase membrane fluidity (linoleic acid content, the formation of phosphatidyl N-methylethanolamine, and decreases in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio) contribute to the decrease in microviscosity. During induction with 3 methylcholanthrene, alterations in phospholipid methylation is possibly the primary cause of the decrease in membrane microviscosity. PMID- 7323139 TI - The anticholinergic biperiden in depressive disorders. AB - In an open study the cholinolytic biperiden was administered to 10 severely depressed inpatients in an average dose of 12 mg per day for 30 days. Patients were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, the research Diagnostic Criteria and the Newcastle Scale. A significant improvement was demonstrated in the global score of the Hamilton Depression Scale (p less than 0.001). Especially the factors retardation (p less than 0.001) and agitation (p less than 0.001) and the items depressed mood (p less than 0.001), initial insomnia (p less than 0.05), work and interest (p less than 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p less than 0.001) could favorably be influenced. Nevertheless, biperiden treatment had to be discontinued after three weeks in two patients because of a paranoid syndrome in one case and symptoms of inner restlessness and disturbances of vital feelings in the other case. There was a positive correlation between the clinical response and the cortisol non suppressability to dexamethasone prior to the study (p less than 0.03). These results taken together with other findings from the literature suggest that cholinergic mechanisms may have an important impact on the pathogenesis of certain forms of depression. PMID- 7323140 TI - Relationship between plasma-levels of chlorpromazine and effects on EEG and evoked potentials in healthy volunteers. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) was studied at four different doses in a group of 10 normal subjects. Blood levels of CPZ were assayed by gas chromatography and showed wide interindividual variations. Spontaneous brain electrical activity (EEG) was recorded from 8 leads and submitted to spectral analysis. Evoked responses (ER) to flashes, pattern reversals and clicks were averaged, and measured by their amplitude and variability. Several subjects presented marked side-effects (responders, R) and showed differences in many EEG parameters with respect to subjects without side-effects (non-responders, NR). A cluster analysis permitted to distinguish very clearly these two groups of subjects. The differences in the effects of CPZ between the R and NR groups involved mainly EEG, and appeared with a systematic topography over the scalp. Within the R group, many differences were observed as a function of the dose of CPZ; they consisted mainly in a decrease of alpha and an increase of theta activity in the EEG, decrease of amplitude and increase of variability in the ER measures. These modifications had also a typical topography over the scalp. Finally, many variables of EEG (relative power only) were correlated with plasma level of CPZ, while no such correlation appeared for ER. These results are discussed in terms of individual sensitivity to drugs, relationships between EEG parameters and plasma level, and topographical differences in the effect of CPZ. PMID- 7323141 TI - Effects of lithium administration on central and peripheral nervous system in rats. Biochemical and morphological findings. AB - The effect of 4 weeks' treatment with lithium chloride on the central and peripheral nervous system of Wistar albino rats was studied. Normal activity values of some brain enzymes related to energy transduction (LDH, MDH, COX, NADH ccRT) and neuro-transmission (ACHe), evaluated both in the homogenate in toto and in the crude mitochondrial fraction, were obtained. Fine changes in mitochondrial organelles and nerve processes of neurocytes were ultrastructurally observed. The peripheral nerve studies revealed in some treated rats a slight motor nerve conduction velocity impairment by electro-physiological methods, but no significant alterations in the sciatic nerve specimens examined by electron microscopy. PMID- 7323142 TI - Guidelines for the evaluation of drugs in the elderly neuropsychiatric patient (demented and non-demented). PMID- 7323143 TI - Dependence on age at intake of committed dose equivalents from radionuclides. AB - The dependence of committed dose equivalents on age at intake is needed to assess the significance of exposures of young persons among the general public resulting from inhaled or ingested radionuclides. The committed dose equivalents, which are evaluated using ICRP principles, depend on the body dimensions of the young person at the time of intake of a radionuclide and on subsequent body growth. Representation of growth by a series of exponential segments facilitates the derivation of general expressions for the age dependence of committed dose equivalents if metabolic models do not change with age. The additional assumption that intakes of radionuclides in air or food are proportional to a person's energy expenditure (which implies age-independent dietary composition) enables the demonstration that the age of the most highly exposed 'critical groups' of the general public from these radionuclides is either about 1 year or 17 years. With the above assumptions the exposure of the critical group is less than three times the exposure of adult members of the general public. Approximate values of committed dose equivalents which avoid both underestimation and excessive overestimation are shown to be obtainable by simplified procedures. Modified procedures are suggested for use if metabolic models change with age. PMID- 7323144 TI - Dose calculations for 123I, 124I, 125I and 131I in the thyroid gland of the mouse, rat and man and comparison with thyroid function for mice and rats. AB - To assess the radiotoxicity of various iodine isotopes to the thyroid gland, refined dosimetric calculations of the average dose rate distribution and total absorbed dose were performed using Monte Carlo Procedures applied on a microscopic scale to the electrons emitted by the isotopes and on a macroscopic scale to the photons. The calculated dose rates depended strongly on the average follicle radius, surrounding cell layer thickness and thyroid mass and the total absorbed doses were calculated from them for the mouse, rat and man as a function of the age at the time of administration. The thyroid function of mice and rats after injection of various isotopes, as measured by several authors, was compared with the calculated average absorbed doses in the thyroid and in different parts of the cell layers. Changes in cell layer thickness due to diet were taken into account. The calculated average absorbed dose in the outermost half of the cell layer was found to be better as a prediction of thyroid damage for all species mentioned. The improvement in prediction was obvious for mice and rats, but less important for adult man. PMID- 7323145 TI - A constant temperature perfusion system for myocardial energetics. AB - A constant temperature perfusion system employing four heat exchangers has been developed in which perfusion fluid is heated from room temperature to 37 +/- 10 4 degrees C for precision heat flow measurements on isolated working rat hearts. The temperature characteristics have been established and mathematical expressions developed to identify and quantify spurious thermal events. The system is a refinement of existing perfusion systems for metabolic and mechanical investigations which meets the complete requirements of myocardial energetics. It can also be used for experiments which include high precision temperature measurements on isolated working hearts or for thermal investigations on other isolated perfused organs where a highly stabilised temperature base line is required over perfusion flows from 0-100 cm3 min -1. PMID- 7323146 TI - A flow microcalorimeter system for the measurement of dynamic energy variables of isolated perfused hearts. AB - An isothermic flow microcalorimeter system for fluid rates of 1-50 cm3 min -1 has been developed to measure the total heat flow produced by isolated perfused small animal hearts and its rate of change. The heat, which is absorbed by the perfusion fluid flowing through the coronary capillary system, is detected by passing the coronary effluent through a plate heat exchanger mounted in intimate contact with the internal surface of a gradient layer calorimeter. By employing electrical calibration, this heat flow detector gives a precision of +/- 0.2 m W for average effluent rates of about 15 cm3 min-1. The method provides direct comparison of the biologically produced heat flow with electrically generated energy flows. The response time to step changes in heat flow is 1 min to 90% of the total change. Possible systematic errors are analysed and quantified, using a heart bypass flow technique and a thermoelectric differential temperature meter. The accuracy of the measurement of constant heat sources with the complete system over the range of 5-40 mW is +/- 2% for fluid rates up to 40 cm3 min-1. Measurements with small rat hearts have given absolute values between 17 and 36 mW measured with an accuracy of +/- 3%. The rate of total myocardial energy turnover can be studied with the system. PMID- 7323147 TI - Arterial stenosis: an experiment to determine how best to quantify the hydraulic effects of a stenosis. PMID- 7323148 TI - An evaluation of microwave diathermy applicators using free space electric field mapping. AB - An electric field mapping study is described which was designed and executed to study the performance characteristics of various prototype and currently used microwave diathermy applicators operating at 2450 MHZ. A miniature diode detector/dipole probe, developed by the Bureau of Radiological Health, was used to map the 'near' electric fields in the aperture plane of each applicator. From the field mapping results, parameters for use in the evaluation of the radiation safety of various applicators are developed. A thermographic camera was used to determine heating characteristics of the applicators in simulated biological material. The thermal effectiveness of these applicators was also investigated by determining their Specific Absorption Rate, a recently developed parameter. The superiority of a specially designed prototype applicator (in terms of uniformity and effectiveness of energy deposition, and minimal leakage radiation) compared with currently used applicators is demonstrated. PMID- 7323149 TI - Is selective absorption of ultrasoft x-rays biologically important in mammalian cells? AB - This paper tests whether photon absorption processes in particular atomic element(s) may be responsible for the observed high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ultrasoft X-rays. The effectiveness of titanium K characteristic X-rays (4.55 keV) is compared with previous observations for aluminium (1.5 keV) and carbon (0.28 keV) K ultrasoft X-rays. For a given absorbed dose, five times more Ti K than Al K photons are absorbed in phosphorus; since Al K X-rays are observed to be more effective in killing human and hamster cells it is concluded that absorption in phosphorus does not play a dominant lethal role. This is supported by the observation that the absolute number of Al K photons absorbed in phosphorus of DNA of human fibroblasts is less than 1 per lethal event. For no element is the relative number of absorbed photons of the three X-ray energies even approximately proportional to their observed RBEs. The effectiveness of ultrasoft X-rays is apparently not due to selective absorption but rather to the secondary electrons; consequently the mechanism of action should be common to the large numbers of low energy secondary electrons produced by most other ionising radiations, including gamma-rays. PMID- 7323150 TI - A mathematical model of the biologically effective dose of solar UVA received by patients undergoing oral psoralen photochemotherapy for psoriasis. AB - A theoretical analysis is presented of the biologically effective dose of the solar long wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA) received by patients who are being treated for psoriasis by oral psoralen photochemotherapy. It is shown that patients treated during the summer months in the UK may well receive a UV dose which is comparable with, or even in excess of, the dose of artificial UVA received in the treatment centre and consequently should be advised about limiting their exposure to sunlight on the treatment days. In the winter months in the UK the UVA intensity in sunlight is such that no unduly restrictive precaution need apply. However, at locations between about 40 degrees N and 40 degrees S, the solar UVA intensity in midwinter is still sufficiently high that unnecessary sunlight exposure on treatment days should be avoided. PMID- 7323151 TI - The dose absorbed by lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with tritiated water. AB - A simple method of irradiating cells in vitro with beta particles is to add the beta-emitter to a cell suspension; various dosimetric aspects of this procedure have been investigated. It is shown that, due to the different water content of the various constituents of a blood cell suspension, the average dose D beta absorbed by a certain type of cells for a tritium nominal concentration Co and an irradiation time t is given by D beta(t) = KEnCo eta t. Typical values of the factor eta are calculated for lymphocytes. A series of experiments has demonstrated that whilst the uptake phase has negligible effect on the dose, a significant error may arise during washing-out because a proportion of the activity remains in the cells. PMID- 7323152 TI - Evidence for ultrasonically induced cavitation in vivo. PMID- 7323153 TI - On the transport of charged particles through spongy materials. PMID- 7323154 TI - Supralinearity and LET dependence of thermoluminescence dosemeters. PMID- 7323155 TI - A digital variable persistence oscilloscope for gamma cameras. PMID- 7323156 TI - A suggested theory of the conventional tomographic imaging process. AB - An attempt is made to re-examine the well established theoretical basis of conventional tomography in the light of more detailed techniques being applied elsewhere in image analysis. Transfer function theory has been used to quantify the amount of edge detail reproduced by this process and the information in a tomogram is investigated in terms of edge detail associated with well resolved (unblurred) detail and also that associated with particular anatomical layers within the tomographed object, the theory has been used to define a cut plane thickness. A variety of different tube movements have been considered and calculated values of cut plane thickness are compared with those predicted by a simple geometric model. Besides the blurring associated with the tube movement the effect of x-ray focal spot, film-screen combination and also visual response of the observer have been included and their importance in the definition of cut plane thickness highlighted. One advantage of this approach appears to be the facility to quantify the performance of different tomographic tube movements and highlight the role of tomographic detail reproduced from body sections well removed from the cut plane. PMID- 7323157 TI - Mammalian cell survival and radiation quality: analysis with allowance for delta tracks. AB - The RBE for mammalian cell survival is analysed in relation to the distribution of LET. Complex target theory is described, together with a procedure for applying LET distributions to experimental findings in order to estimate the modes of cellular inactivation. Track segment theory is shown to have previously unrecognised limitations. The stepwise method is adopted to calculate the LET distributions for the radiations (alpha-particles, deuterons and x-rays) used by Barendsen et al (1966) in their study of the survival of T1 cells of human origin. Satisfactory fits of theory to experiment are obtained. Three distinctive modes of cellular inactivation, with independent energy transfers (direct and indirect) to complex targets comprising 2, 4 adn 6 elements respectively, appear to be involved overall. At 'low dose', no contribution from the 2-transfer-mode can be discerned; only this mode is reparable. Saturation cross-sections (at high LET) for the 2- and 4-transfer-, but not the 6-transfer-mode, are oxygen dependent. All three modes of inactivation might entail unrepaired double strand breaks and/or some form of mutation in DNA, at 1, 2 and 3 vulnerable sections, respectively. PMID- 7323158 TI - Behavioral and corticosterone effects in conditioned taste aversion following hippocampal lesions. PMID- 7323159 TI - Lithium-induced polydipsia in birds: a comparative study and analysis of electrolyte excretion. PMID- 7323160 TI - Acquisition of conditioned suppression and responsivity to thermal stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive, renal hypertensive and normotensive rats. PMID- 7323161 TI - The effect of pregnancy and stress on the onset of placentophagia in Long-Evans rats. PMID- 7323162 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic damage and sexual proceptivity in female rats. PMID- 7323163 TI - Relationship of free and bound testosterone to sexual behavior in old rhesus males. PMID- 7323164 TI - Meal patterns in "free-running" humans. PMID- 7323165 TI - Period lengthening and disruption of socially facilitated circadian activity rhythms of goldfish by lithium. PMID- 7323166 TI - Testicular effects on food intake, body weight, and body composition in male hamsters. PMID- 7323167 TI - Response involvement in brain stimulation reward. PMID- 7323168 TI - The structure of meals in humans: eating and drinking patterns in lean and obese subjects. PMID- 7323169 TI - Do ring doves copulate more than necessary for fertilization? PMID- 7323170 TI - Circadian rhythms in monkeys: variability and behavioral correlations. PMID- 7323171 TI - Effects of illumination on activity following superior colliculus and caudate lesions in young and older rats. PMID- 7323172 TI - Effects of portal volatile fatty acid infusions on meal patterns and blood composition in goats. PMID- 7323173 TI - Conditioned cardiac response to the olfactory stimuli of amino acids in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. PMID- 7323174 TI - Behavioral and cardiac reflex assays of the chemosensory acuity of channel catfish to amino acids. PMID- 7323175 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and weight gain in rats: absence of a static phase. PMID- 7323176 TI - Effects of castration and sex steroid treatment on the motor copulatory pattern of the rat. PMID- 7323177 TI - Influence of nerve lesions, strain differences and continuous cold stress on chronic pain behavior in rats. PMID- 7323178 TI - Paradoxical sleep deprivation and locomotor activity in rats. PMID- 7323179 TI - Effect of dentate cooling on lateralized reaching behavior in rats. PMID- 7323180 TI - Evoked potentials and concept formation in man. PMID- 7323181 TI - Learned aversions in rats fed a tryptophan-free diet. PMID- 7323182 TI - Environment influence on development, behavior, and endocrine morphology of gerbils. PMID- 7323183 TI - The effects of voluntary exercise on the sexual behavior of the female hamster. PMID- 7323184 TI - Behavioral responses during approach and escape induced by hypothalamic stimulation in mice. PMID- 7323185 TI - Water intake regulation in rats after intestinal bypass surgery. PMID- 7323186 TI - Postpartum copulation and induction of pregnancy in roof rats (Rattus rattus). PMID- 7323187 TI - Control of food intake and meal patterns in monkeys. PMID- 7323188 TI - Olfactory bulbectomy in infant rats: survival, growth and ingestive behaviors. PMID- 7323189 TI - Cadaverine and putrescine initiate the burial of dead conspecifics by rats. PMID- 7323190 TI - Glucose metabolism increases in visual pathways following habituation. PMID- 7323191 TI - Do lesions of the superior colliculus affect acoustic orientation in echolocating bats? PMID- 7323193 TI - Timidity prevents the virgin female rat from being a good mother: emotionality differences between nulliparous and parturient females. PMID- 7323192 TI - Effects of interrupting cat mother's lactation with bromocriptine on the subsequent play of their kittens. PMID- 7323194 TI - Ultrasonic vocalizations in male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi): their role in male sexual behavior. PMID- 7323195 TI - Ejaculation is important for mating-induced testosterone increases in male rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7323196 TI - Hormonal control of the development of sexual behavior in androgen-insensitive (tfm) rats. PMID- 7323197 TI - A comparison of dependent measures used to quantify radiation-induced taste aversion. PMID- 7323198 TI - Taste aversions conditioned with partial body radiation exposures. PMID- 7323199 TI - Circadian pattern of stress response to affective cues of foot shock. PMID- 7323200 TI - Infanticide: genetic, developmental and hormonal influences in mice. PMID- 7323201 TI - Gastrointestinal and metabolic consequences of a rat's meal on maintenance diet ad libitum. PMID- 7323202 TI - Copulation affects body weight but not food intake or dietary self-selection in male rats. PMID- 7323203 TI - A simple device for eliciting tail pinch induced behavior in rat. PMID- 7323204 TI - Manual transport of loads by women. PMID- 7323205 TI - Planning a new physiotherapy department--a personal experience. PMID- 7323206 TI - Patients' reactions to a new hospital. PMID- 7323207 TI - Levels of work in physiotherapy. Physiotherapy organisation: 3. PMID- 7323208 TI - Effects of prostaglandin inhibition on renal function in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine. AB - This study evaluated the effect of prostaglandin (PG) on renal function in normal and deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine. Eight animals were implanted with DOCA impregnated silicone strips. MAP increased in the conscious DOCA animals from a normal pressure of 110-115 mmHg, to 148 +/- 4 mmHg. After 3-4 weeks, the DOCA hypertensive and eight normal (sham or non implanted) animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital which reduced MAP in the DOCA pigs to normotensive levels. Under anesthesia, PG inhibition (indomethacin or meclofenamate, 2 mg/kg i.v.) increased MAP only in the normal group (P less than .05). PG inhibition caused a significant reduction in renal blood flow in both groups, but only decreased glomerular filtration rate in the DOCA animals (P less than .05). Radioactive microsphere distribution to the other cortex of the normal animals was significantly decreased with PG inhibition, (P less than .05). No consistent changes in electrolyte excretion or urine flow rate was seen in either group following PG inhibition. These data indicate that PG may influence renal hemodynamics in both normal and DOCA hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine. The finding that PG inhibition selectively decreases GFR in the DOCA animals suggests a possible protective role of these hormones in this hypertensive animal model. PMID- 7323209 TI - The effect of vasopressin in water-loaded hypokalemic patients is prostaglandin independent. AB - Potassium-depleted subjects regularly excrete dilute urine with a high free-water clearance which cannot be suppressed either by solute loading or by water deprivation. In man, as in the dog and rat, potassium depletion impairs the ability of the kidney to achieve maximal urinary solute concentration and vasopressin is unsuccessful in overcoming this defect. In man and in the dog, potassium depletion induces a rise in urinary prostaglandin E2, an effect which can be reversed with indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. To evaluate the role of prostaglandins on the renal action of vasopressin in hypokalemia, six subjects with hypokalemia of various etiologies were studied in a control, drug free condition and again after 3 to 6 days of indomethacin (100 mg/day). Renal clearance studies to measure the maximal free-water excretion in response to an intravenous water load (10 ml/min) and to a superimposed infusion of arginine vasopressin (40 mU/hr) were performed. The results in six patients are as follows: maximal free-water clearance (control) 8.03 +/- 0.8 ml/min (mean +/- S.E.), with the addition of vasopressin, .14 +/- 0.8; after 3 to 6 days of indomethacin, 8.55 +/- 1.33; with vasopressin 0.91 +/- 1.23 ml/min. There was no statistically significant difference between the maximal free water clearance with or without indomethacin. Vasopressin exerted an equally great response in both conditions and prostaglandins did not appear to play a role in free-water formation. PMID- 7323210 TI - Ethanol inhibits the formation of endoperoxide metabolites in human platelets. PMID- 7323211 TI - Effects of arachidonic acid hydroperoxides on vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. AB - The omega-6 and omega-9 hydroperoxides of arachidonic acid (AA) caused dose dependent contraction of rabbit aortic strip (RAS) and guinea pig ileum (GPI) at concentrations between 5 and 200 microM. At these concentrations, arachidonic acid had no effect in these preparations. The contractions could not be blocked by indomethacin, methysergide, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, diphenhydramine, scopolamine, or the SRS-A antagonist FPL-55712, but were abolished by the calcium channel blocker nimodipine. In both tissues, the hydroperoxides initiated a sustained contraction. The onset of GPI contraction however, was much faster than the response of RAS to these hydroperoxides. 15-HPETE produced a more sustained contraction than 12-HPETE in both RAS and GPI. These results suggest that hydroperoxides generated from AA by the action of lipoxygenase can directly induce smooth muscle contraction and this effect is probably mediated through altering calcium fluxes in these smooth muscle preparations. PMID- 7323212 TI - Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and thromboxane generation in patients with hypertension or cerebrovascular disease. AB - The aggregability of platelets to arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in 26 control subjects, 40 patients with essential hypertension, 20 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) not taking aspirin and 11 patients with CVD taking aspirin. The aggregability of platelets was evaluated on the basis of threshold concentrations of AA to induce irreversible platelet aggregation. The enhanced sensitivity of platelets to AA was observed more frequently in hypertensives and/or CVD patients not taking aspirin than in the controls. The relationship between platelet aggregation induced by AA and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation from AA or prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) in platelets was also studied in the subjects taking or not taking aspirin. It was proposed that the assessment of platelet aggregability with AA could provide a tool for identifying a subgroup of patients who might substantially benefit from the secondary preventive treatment with aspirin or other anti-platelet drugs. The clinical usefulness of this aggregation test for the management of the patients taking aspirin was also discussed. PMID- 7323213 TI - [Psychological studies of circular stereotyped behavior in schizophrenic process]. PMID- 7323214 TI - [Four case studies of the neurotic state in chronic unipolar depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323215 TI - [Longitudinal studies of attempted suicide among the young people]. PMID- 7323216 TI - Antidepressant action of lithium: proposed mechanism based upon behavioral analysis in the mouse. PMID- 7323217 TI - Effect of morphine on rectal temperature after acute and chronic treatment in the rat. PMID- 7323218 TI - Sub-optimal vigilance in patients with complete heart block: influence of cardiac pacing and a "nootropic" substance. PMID- 7323219 TI - Subanesthetic concentration of nitrous oxide and human memory. PMID- 7323220 TI - The effects of acute and chronic administration of beta-phenylethylamine on food intake and body weight in rats. PMID- 7323221 TI - [The anorexia nervosa syndrome]. AB - The syndrome of anorexia nervosa may be conditioned through a disturbance in the function of the cerebral-hypothalamic pituitary axis on different places. Besides of the discussion of psychiatric, endocrinological and neurophysiological papers our findings of 30 patients are presented. We found distinctions in the grade and character of the vegetative and endocrine disturbances, in the educational style of the family as well as in the final inducement to falling ill and in the psychodynamics of these patients which became cases of anorexia nervosa during or after the puberty. A complex therapeutic concept based on the intended dynamic group psychotherapy (H o c k) is represented. PMID- 7323222 TI - [Medical psychology - a tradition-laden area or the expression of a new development in medicine?]. AB - A description is given of the development of medical and clinical psychology. Clinical psychology is a field of certificated psychologists. Medical psychology is developing in a completely new form to deal in a scientific way with the problems existing between physician and patient as well as in the social field of the patient in the hospital and in his private environment. The same applies to the psychosocial part of the ethopathogenesis of the disease and the forms of the disease. The future of the developing field and the academic representation as well as the belonging of medical psychology to neuropsychiatry are discussed. PMID- 7323223 TI - [Current and prospective questions in psychiatry]. AB - In order to establish relations appropriate to therapy between pathogenesis and pathoplastics of psychic disturbances, the psychiatrist requires a general medical education overlapping on many marginal fields. Topically and prospectively, psychiatry is faced with, for example, the following tasks: development of new conceptions of genetics, interdisciplinary research of early cerebral damage, of the systemic factor of psychosis and the psychosocial releasing factor, cutting of the dwelling time at a hospital, community-supported treatment and after-care. Availability of specialised establishments for oligophrenia and socially endangered persons. Construction of socially integrated care systems. Institutional and personal equality with other special fields. PMID- 7323224 TI - [Status and development of neurology]. AB - In view of the foundation of a section Neurology in the Society for Psychiatry and Neurology of the GDR, the present situation of neurology in the country is discussed. The formation of such a section comes up to the stage of development reached and the requirements of a further development of neurology. The joining of the neurologically active and the neurologically interested persons in one section serves the promotion of scientific life and the further development of the cultivation of scientific relations with partner socientific and neighbouring disciplines and, last but not least, the improvement of the medical care of neurologic patients. PMID- 7323225 TI - [Status and development of pediatric neuropsychiatry]. AB - Definition of the term and the working field of child neuropsychiatry. Report on the development of the section Child Neuropsychiatry since 1962 into a subspecialised field with a secured prospect of the care of outpatients, of the inpatients establishments and an academic field of teaching and research. PMID- 7323226 TI - [Initial personal experiences with the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire for the determination of schizophrenic basic disorders]. PMID- 7323227 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid proteins and epilepsy]. AB - The authors examined 54 epileptic patients with a view to prove the presence of an immunological cerebrospinal fluid syndrome. The result showed that a significant immunoglobulin depression could not be proved by means of a cerebrospinal fluid test. PMID- 7323228 TI - Where have all the catatonics gone? PMID- 7323229 TI - Suicide by burning as an epidemic phenomenon: an analysis of 82 deaths and inquests in England and Wales in 1978-9. AB - An epidemic of suicide by burning in England and Wales occurred during the one year period October 1978 to October 1979, following a widely publicized political suicide. For the 82 cases, death certificates were obtained and coroners' inquest reports sought. The victims were predominantly young single men or older married women; both groups had strong psychiatric histories; and there were no suicides which had political overtones, apart from the index case. Compared with suicides by this method in the past, a higher proportion of victims were born in the UK. It is proposed that a code of practice for the reporting of suicides by the media is required. PMID- 7323230 TI - Stress arousal and coping with surgery. AB - There is little evidence of a curvilinear relationship between pre-operative emotionality and post-operative adjustment, as predicted by a model which supposes that moderate preoperative anxiety assists adjustment. This paper suggests that the negative affect, or stress, associated with the work of worry should be distinguished from the active coping orientation which it also implies. In this study stress and arousal were assessed pre-operatively in a sample of cholecystectomy patients, and correlations between these scores and various indices of post-operative adjustment were computed. Stress before surgery was positively related to stress and pain experienced post-operatively. Arousal, by contrast, was negatively related to pain, medications and period before discharge. Female patients had higher stress scores than the males, while the direction of the difference was reversed in te case of arousal. These findings are interpreted as support for the significance of the role of coping orientation, as represented by arousal, in promoting adjustment, with emotionality or stress playing a less significant and even negative role. PMID- 7323231 TI - The perception of drinking roles by recovering problem drinkers. AB - The perception of and attitude to drinking patterns in recovering problem drinkers (N = 29) is analysed, utilizing a similar methodology to that of Richard & Burley (1978). Fault is found, however, in the latter study both in a failure to define variables and in the authors' statistical handling of the results. In the present study, it was found that controlled drinking is only seen as close to the problem drinker's concept of himself when it entails reasonably high levels of consumption. The importance of this finding for therapy is outlined. The possible negative effects of role conflict are mentioned. It is also found that problem drinkers perceive themselves as having quite different characteristics from those they themselves attribute to alcoholics. This finding is interpreted in terms of the fundamental attribution error (Jones & Nisbett, 1972). PMID- 7323232 TI - The natural history of depression in general practice: stochastic models. AB - Three statistical models are presented to describe different aspects of the natural history of depression (as recognized by a general practitioner) during a 20-year study of a single general practice. After controlling for age, the prevalence of recognized depression in men increased during the 20 years of the study (1957-76), but there was little change in women. In any given year, however, women are both more likely to become depressed than men, and are less likely to recover. The changes in prevalence are shown to be due to changes in observed incidence and recovery rates. Taking into account attendances over the previous 5 years at which a diagnosis of depression was made, the models enable one to predict, for example incidence rates for 'first episodes' of recognized depression, and recovery rates for 'chronic' patients. In all situations there is a significant sex difference (women always being more likely to be recognized as depressed), but this difference is smaller at the end than at the beginning of the 20 years. PMID- 7323233 TI - Psychiatric admissions and aircraft noise from London Airport: four-year, three hospitals' study. AB - Nine thousand persons admitted to three large psychiatric hospitals, over a period of four years, were classified according to the aircraft noise exposure of their home address, using the Noise and Number Index. The analysis searched first for simple associations between exposure and admission rates, then for complex interactions with socio-economic characteristics of the area of residence. There was no common pattern of admissions across the three hospitals: in one case the rates decreased with aircraft noise; in the other two the rates increased with noise exposure. However, since in all cases the trends could be attributed to non noise factors characteristic of the population, it was concluded that the effects of noise, if any, could only be small, weakly influencing other causal variables but not overriding them. Further analyses showed that positive associations between noise and admissions occurred in some groups and in some districts. People 45 years old and over exhibited higher admission rates than expected in the highest noise zone in one hospital. The districts where a positive trend between noise and admissions was evident were those with a higher proportion of one-person households, a higher proportion of immigrants, or a higher proportion of professionals and managers; however, these results were only found in one hospital with counterexamples in others. No strong, significant noise effect could be found. Limitations of the hospital records and specific difficulties in setting up the data for these studies are discussed. PMID- 7323234 TI - Hierarchical patterns in the distribution of psychiatric symptoms. AB - The occurrence of hierarchical patterns in the incidence of psychiatric symptoms in individual patients and community subjects is investigated. Data obtained from interviewing a sample of people from the population of Camberwell, south-east London, using the Present State Examination (PSE), were analysed as were similar data concerning three series of patients referred to different kinds of psychiatric service. The population series showed that each of the common PSE symptoms tends to occur in association with other symptoms. Symptoms that are rarer in the general population are associated with the presence of many other symptoms or with other symptoms present to a severe degree. The rarer the symptom, the higher is the total symptom score indicated by its presence. The more indicative symptoms are also associated with a measure of social disability derived from the MRC Social Performance Schedule, which asks about serious problems in functioning in each of 8 role areas. The implication of this study is that total symptom score is a valid measure of the current severity of the disorder. The hierarchy model of Foulds & Bedford (1975) is discussed and is shown to be a more specific formulation of the same idea. Investigation of the referred series confirmed these conclusions. When compared with community subjects, patients tend to have a much higher total PSE score; they display symptoms which are very rare in the community; they tend to be disabled socially. However, they are less likely to fulfil the requirements of a specific formulation for the presence of minor symptoms. In particular, only about half of psychotic subjects display specific neurotic symptoms, although virtually every subject with 'specific' symptoms of some sort displayed non-specific neurotic symptoms. PMID- 7323235 TI - A prospective study of life events and psychological symptoms. AB - Subjects who were initially free of psychological symptoms completed life event and symptom measures on 3 subsequent occasions 4 months apart. As expected, an association was found between symptoms and life events reported as occurring in the previous 4 months. A path analysis model was then constructed. The association between symptoms and events of the previous 4 months remained, but in neither panel did events reported as occurring more than 4 months previously predict symptoms. PMID- 7323236 TI - types of stressful life event and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders. AB - The notions of loss and danger are briefly described. Two groups of raters in London and Canberra were shown to be reliable in rating the degree of loss nd the degree of danger associated with a sample of life events previously rated as 'severe' on a contextual measure of long-term threat. The life events were reported by 164 young women attending a general practitioner in London. The women were interviewed by a psychiatrist using the Present State Examination. Their psychiatric symptoms were rated by a team of raters who were ignorant of the life events reported by the young women. Three types of cases of psychiatric disorder of recent onset were diagnosed: depression, anxiety, and mixed depression/anxiety. The frequency of life events reported by these three types of cases as occurring in the year before the onset of their disorder was compared with the frequency of events in the same time period reported by a group of women without severe psychiatric disorder. The results were used to argue that severe loss was a causal agent in the onset of depressive disorder and severe danger was a causal agent in the onset of anxiety states in this sample. Cases of mixed depression/anxiety were more likely to report both a severe loss and a severe danger before onset. This supported the argument for recognizing a distinct group of mixed disorders in the classification of depressive illnesses. PMID- 7323237 TI - The impact of interviewer variability in an epidemiological survey. PMID- 7323238 TI - Compulsory admissions in a London borough: II. Circumstances surrounding admission: service implications. PMID- 7323239 TI - The development and use of standardized assessment of abnormal personality. AB - A standardized assessment of personality (SAP) based on interview with an informant has been developed to classify a patient's premorbid personality in clinical terms for use for research purposes in or out of a hospital setting. Three preliminary investigations of its use are reported. These indicate that an informant's account of personality can be rated reliably by psychiatrists and is consistent over time. The addition of two extra descriptive types to the schema of ICD Section 301, the anxious and the self-conscious personalities, is found to contribute usefully to a taxonomy of personality in two series of patients investigated with the SAP. Further investigations are indicated to determine the accuracy of an informant's account before epidemiological studies with this instrument can be considered. PMID- 7323240 TI - Voice pitch measurements in schizophrenia and depression. AB - A monotonous voice is produced by schizophrenic patients whose expression of emotion is damped down and by patients with a severe degree of depression. Clinically, the distinction between these two diagnostic entities is virtually impossible to establish auditorily on the basis of voice quality alone. The laryngograph has been developed recently to record laryngeal activity. It was used to study voice pitch in a series of emotionally blunted and non-blunted schizophrenics, and retarded and non-retarded depressives. The frequency distributions of the laryngographic recordings were analysed to yield kurtosis scores. The group of retarded depressives had a significantly higher kurtosis score than the group of blunted schizophrenics. Hence this technique allows an objective distinction to be made between two kinds of monotonous voice produced by psychiatric patients. Furthermore, blunted schizophrenics had a higher mean kurtosis score than non-blunted schizophrenics, indicating that this measure can also be used as an objective index of blunting of affect in schizophrenia. PMID- 7323241 TI - Long-term psychotropic drug-taking and the process of withdrawal. PMID- 7323242 TI - Perceptual sampling of orthogonal straight line features. PMID- 7323243 TI - Processing global information in briefly presented pictures. PMID- 7323244 TI - Hemispheric differences in tactile and visual recognition of Braille-like stimulus patterns with static and dynamic modes of inspection. PMID- 7323245 TI - Movement after-effects in normal development. PMID- 7323246 TI - Genetic analysis of avoidance learning by means of different psychological testing systems with inbred mice as model organisms. PMID- 7323247 TI - Behavior genetic analysis of water-T maze learning in inbred strains of mice, their hybrids, and selected second generation crosses. PMID- 7323248 TI - Dynamics of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta uptake and metabolism in the brain of the male guinea pig. PMID- 7323249 TI - A neuromodulatory role for taurine in controlling prolactin secretion in female rats. PMID- 7323250 TI - The menstrual rhythm. PMID- 7323251 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin secretion in adults and hyperactive children: relation to methylphenidate serum levels. PMID- 7323252 TI - Prolactin in impotent men. PMID- 7323253 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for oxytocin and measurement of oxytocin in the spinal cord and brain of rats. PMID- 7323254 TI - The effect of amphetamine on plasma cortisol in patients with endogenous and non endogenous depression. PMID- 7323255 TI - The effects of desmethylimipramine and lithium on human sperm function. PMID- 7323256 TI - Type A components and psychophysiological responses to an attention-demanding performance task. AB - Although Type A and B individuals appear to differ in psychophysiological responsivity, situations eliciting these differences have not been specified. The current experiment parametrically manipulated response speed in order to examine differences between behavior types in psychophysiological responsivity to this variable. Cardiovascular responses and performance in this paced task were compared to those from a task performed without explicit speed pacing in 24 businessmen classified as Type A or not. Only Type A businessmen showed a well developed heart rate response in the self-paced task. In the experimenter paced task, the heart rate response of Type A's was most consistent when paced at fast response times; that of non-A's was most consistent when paced at relatively slow response times. Businessmen high in the Speed/Impatience component of Type A initiated anticipatory heart rate slowing later than non-A's and recovered less promptly. Overall relative to non-A's, A's appear to become readily involved and physiologically responsive to a task. Once involved, their responding is altered most by requirements for anticipation and relatively slow controlled response. PMID- 7323257 TI - Physical symptoms related to blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Thirty hospitalized diabetics completed symptom checklists immediately prior to monitoring their own blood glucose level seven times a day for 6--10 days. For each subject, simple correlations were computed between each of the physical symptoms and blood glucose level. Most subjects evidenced several symptoms that were highly correlated with glucose fluctuations. Further, the symptoms that were related to glucose differed from subject to subject. The symptom-glucose correlations were reliable and unrelated to sex, age, duration of diabetes, and other individual difference variables. The findings point to a technique wherein patients can learn to perceive physical sensations indicative of changes in blood glucose in natural settings. PMID- 7323258 TI - Short-term psychotherapy, a major development for patients and psychotherapy. PMID- 7323259 TI - Training in short-term psychotherapy. Research can be superb clinical training. AB - Experiences in Norway since about 1970, are described in combined research and training on short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Research methodology and results are not discussed. Initiated by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities, Sifneos was invited as research leader and supervisor in a study of STAPP carried out by a selection of highly motivated doctors participating in patient selection, training in short-term dynamic principles, activities, and research. The initial patient interview took place in front of the research group. Therapeutic activities were registrated on audiotapes and presented to the group members, each one being supervisor or supervisee alternately. The project has promoted knowledge and skill in short-term therapy and interest in research and the author stresses the fruitful interaction of both. PMID- 7323260 TI - Short-term psychotherapy and hypnosis. AB - Phobic patients have been shown to be, on average, more hypnotizable than others. The essence of the phobic experience is not unlike that of the event of hypnosis, and the phobic experience might be a spontaneously occurring panic-filled trance like or dissociative experience. This dissociation is viewed as a maladaptive mechanism of defense against anxiety, sadness or rage. In addition to enabling the patient to develop a psychodynamic understanding of the symptoms, the therapist uses hypnosis and self-hypnosis to help the patient learn more about his dissociative capacity, to become familiar with the mechanism, and to learn to control it. This offers him a way to master the shift in his functioning. PMID- 7323261 TI - Psychoanalysis and brief psychotherapy: some new considerations on the psychotherapeutic process. AB - This introductory paper describes the technique of brief analytic psychotherapy as has been developed in Lausanne. The author has tried to demonstrate that a single modification of the setting in comparison with psychoanalysis stresses the importance of the 'hic et nunc' in the therapeutic relationship. If this phenomenon becomes apparent to the therapist and is adequately interpreted, a natural associative process can develop where the analysis of transference and countertransference takes a primordial place. This process is comparable to psychoanalysis as far as certain transference movements are concerned, but the working mechanisms are different. PMID- 7323262 TI - Short-term psychotherapy for the borderline personality disorder. AB - This paper presents concepts of short-term therapy as utilized with borderline personality disorder. Criteria for patient selection as well as contraindications for its use are presented. Many clinical symptoms are rubricated under borderline disorders. One major consideration in diagnosis is based on the discernment of when developmental arrests have occurred. The author's opinion is that short-term integrative psychotherapeutic procedures can be beneficial for patients struggling with any of the developmental subphases. The concepts expressed in this paper are mostly applicable to more developed individuals, who have progressed in differentiating themselves from others, but who still present primitive characteristics and relationships. PMID- 7323263 TI - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy: progress, problems, perspectives. PMID- 7323264 TI - Considerations on the time factor in radiobiology. AB - Although extension of the time period during which a given dose of radiation is administered commonly reduces effectiveness, there are well established instances where the reverse is true. Theoretical considerations are presented which relate reduction or enhancement to the shape of the dose-effect curve. While in many instances these changes of sensitivity may be due to intracellular processes it appears that in the case of carcinogenesis by low doses of neutrons, time dependent intercellular action must be involved. PMID- 7323265 TI - A short term effect of homogeneous internal irradiation of the mouse lung with 170Tm2O3 particles. AB - The short term effects on the free macrophage population in the mouse lung, following inhalation of thulium-170 oxide, have been studied, with a view to using the system as a model with which to compare the short term effects of inhomogeneous alpha irradiation. The clearance and distribution of thulium-170 was followed up to 44 days post inhalation. The mice had an initial lung burden (+/- SE) of 6.7 +/- 0.5 microCi 170Tm/g of lung and the pattern of removal of this could be described by a single exponential of half time 31 +/- 4 days. This exposure resulted in a uniform dose of about 24 Gy to the lung. The macrophage population was studied by counting cells lavaged from the lungs at intervals over the period of the experiment. The lung burden of 170Tm2O3 was found to decrease the free macrophage numbers by about a factor of 2 in 14 days with some slight recovery at 6 weeks post inhalation. It was found that nearly 50% of the activity in the lung lobes was removed by the lavages and that this fraction remained constant throughout. PMID- 7323266 TI - An apparent correlation between the inhibition of induced ornithine decarboxylase activity by gamma radiation and the capacity for DNA repair synthesis in normal and ataxia telangiectasia human fibroblasts: no correlation with cell survival. AB - Exposure of normal human fibroblasts (F107) in stationary phase to gamma radiation inhibited the appearance of induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Skin fibroblasts derived from two ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients (F184 and F182) displayed a similar response. The level of DNA repair synthesis was also similar in the three cell strains. Fibroblasts from another apparently normal donor (F196) were very sensitive to inhibition of induced ODC activity by gamma radiation and were also deficient in radiation-induced DNA repair synthesis. However, the two strains derived from normal donors displayed the same degree of cellular sensitivity towards X-rays, whereas the two AT strains showed the typical hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of X-irradiation. The results suggest a possible correlation between the inhibition of induced ODC activity by gamma radiation and the extent of DNA repair synthesis at high radiation doses, but there is no correlation between these two parameters and cellular survival at low radiation doses. PMID- 7323267 TI - Haemopoietic recovery during radiation disease: comments on combined-injuries. AB - The regenerative ability of haemopoietic organs during combined radiation injuries has not been adequately investigated. Interactions among individual factors can critically influence the processes involved in haemopoietic recovery. An overview of radiation injuries is given, and a concept towards a hypothetical mode of action at the cellular level is presented. The influence which interacting factors can have on the concentration of pluripotential haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) is demonstrated by results from an initial experiment. The importance of synergistic and antagonistic reactions is emphasised and commented upon. PMID- 7323268 TI - Killing of bacteria with electric pulses of high field strength. AB - Bacteria of the type E. coli K12 have been treated in experiments using high voltage pulses of short time (microseconds) as a killing agent. The role of different experimental parameters has been studied: kind of electrolyte, concentration, length of pulses, field strength, pH and temperature. Electrolytes with bivalent cations were found to reduce the lethal action. the relative rate of killed bacteria was shown to be mainly governed by the field strength and the treatment time, which is defined by the product of pulse number and decay time constant. From the obtained results a function has been developed which enables the precalculation of the killing rate for E. coli, provided that certain limits of experimental conditions are considered. No correlation between the applied electric energy and the lethal effect could be found. PMID- 7323269 TI - Isolation and photo-oxidation of lysozyme fragments. AB - Reduction of the four disulfide bonds and further carboxymethylation of lysozyme followed by its reaction with CNBr brings about L-I, (aa 1-12) and L-II-III (aa 13-129) peptides. When breaking the polypeptidic chain by CNBr action and freeing the peptides formed through S-S bonds reduction and carboxymethylation three peptides are obtained corresponding to L-I (aa 1-12), L-II (aa 13-105) and L-III (aa 106-129). L-II-III, L-III and L-II peptides were separately subjected to photo-oxidation in presence of riboflavin, in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The kinetic analysis of Trp photo-oxidation in L-II-III peptides shows that these residues keep, to a great extent, the degree of exposition they had in native lysozyme. L-II peptide also presents Trp residues with a different degree of exposition. Presence of Tyr photo-oxidation in L-II and L-II-III peptides - what does not take place in native lysozyme - suggests a relationship between photo oxidation selectivity and the degree of exposition of certain amino acid residues in spatial configuration. PMID- 7323270 TI - [Nature and repair of potentially lethal injuries]. PMID- 7323271 TI - [Effectiveness of using different radioprotectors for protecting the germ cells of male mice from the genetic action of radiation. 2. A frequency study of reciprocal translocations in the spermatogonia]. PMID- 7323272 TI - [Indication of protector-modified radioresistance. 3. An analysis of the relationship of the hypoxic and radioprotective effects in the bone marrow of rats in hypoxia of varying origin]. PMID- 7323273 TI - [Lymphocyte kinetics during the continuous gamma irradiation of rats. 1. The bone marrow and peripheral blood]. PMID- 7323274 TI - [Plutonium-329 metabolic characteristics during the separate and combined administration of an iron preparation and DTPA]. PMID- 7323275 TI - [Nature and biological role of the lymphocytosis developing in bone marrow hematopoietic tissue when locally irradiated]. PMID- 7323276 TI - [Species radiosensitivity of mammals]. PMID- 7323277 TI - [2-factor design of nonuniform gamma irradiation of rats at high dosages]. PMID- 7323278 TI - [Pathogenetic role of the dyshormonal processes in the formation of the late effects of radiation action]. PMID- 7323279 TI - [Action of thymidine on chromosomal radiation damage of mammalian cells]. PMID- 7323280 TI - [Accumulation and repair of single-stranded breaks in the DNA of blood lymphocytes in mice of varying age after the action of gamma and UV radiation]. PMID- 7323281 TI - [Effect of large ultraviolet radiation dosages on the tissue respiration of the skin]. PMID- 7323282 TI - [Changes in the properties of the protein and nucleic acid components of an artificial nucleotide as affected by gamma and UV radiation]. PMID- 7323283 TI - [Possibilities of using enzymatic criteria of a body lesion in an external beta radiation field]. PMID- 7323284 TI - [Antiradiation effect of a cytotoxin, venom of the Central Asian cobra, and aspects of the mechanism of its action]. PMID- 7323285 TI - [Changes in the sodium and potassium ion content in the plasma and erythrocytes in combined radiation and thermal injuries]. PMID- 7323286 TI - [Effect of the anatomicophysiological characteristics of white rats on the degree of the severity of the skin lesions caused by external whole-body beta irradiation]. PMID- 7323287 TI - Symposium on bone disease. PMID- 7323288 TI - Circulatory patterns of deossification. AB - Bone is a dynamic organ composed of live tissue and inert substance. Thus, an understanding of bone disease has as its foundation the concept of bone as a highly vascular connective tissue in which different nutritional circulatory fields control the deposit and removal of solids in a balanced field. The article offers an explanation of the vascular components of disease and the correlation of anatomically defined nutritional circulatory fields in order to facilitate the necessary breadth and precision of diagnosis. PMID- 7323289 TI - Injuries of the wrist: an approach to diagnosis. PMID- 7323290 TI - Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. Part I: internal margins. AB - The interface between tumor and bone that is displayed radiographically is a zone of cellular activity. Its radiographic appearance represents the summation of bone lysis and production. This activity and the radiographic details of the resultant margin are an index of the biologic activity of a lesion. The anatomic site and extent of the lesion can be assessed by radiographs and special imaging techniques. Careful analysis of these patterns, when integrated with clinical data, enhances diagnosis, patient management, and therapy. PMID- 7323291 TI - Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. Part II: periosteal reactions. AB - The activated periosteum has a deceptive anatomic constancy amidst change. The change involves the production of matrix and, in the process, proliferation and expenditure of cells. When the demand for a reaction is excessive, nearby extraperiosteal soft tissue serves as a ready source for additional modulating cells, just as it does for fracture callus. The configuration of a periosteal reaction is an index of the nature and intensity of the inciting process. PMID- 7323292 TI - Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. Part III: matrix patterns. AB - The mineralized matrix patterns demonstrated in clinical radiographs of primary bone neoplasms and related disorders help to predict matrices, and have diagnostic significance. These radiographic patterns may yield important clues as to the true nature of a lesion, especially when only limited biopsy material is available from extraosseous or nonrepresentative areas. Therefore, in the evaluation of bone tumors and tumor-like conditions, it is of extreme importance to correlate the histologic findings with the radiographic examination and to know precisely the location at which the biopsy material was obtained. Patterns of mineralization may be the only remnants of a pre-existing lesion that has undergone sarcomatous transformation, such as in bone infarcts, enchondromas, or osteochondromas. The pre-eminent item of importance for patient care is the diagnosis of a malignant process. However, failure to appreciate antecedent benign conditions will not contribute toward a better understanding of tumor biology or a determination of those benign lesions that warrant removal or close clinical follow-up. Integration of matrix data with knowledge of the anatomic location of a lesion, the character of its margins, and the periosteal reaction patterns it produces permits prognostication and often, specific diagnosis. PMID- 7323293 TI - A classification system for research in childhood psychopathology: part I. An empirical approach using factor and cluster analyses and conjunctive decision rules. PMID- 7323294 TI - A classification system for research in childhood psychopathology: part II. Validation research examining converging descriptions from the parent and from the child. PMID- 7323296 TI - Maillard reactions in food. Chemical, physiologial and technological aspects. PMID- 7323295 TI - Maillard reactions in food. Chemical, physiological and technological aspects. Preface. PMID- 7323297 TI - Growth response of rats fed a diet containing nondialyzable melanoidin. PMID- 7323298 TI - Investigation of Maillard products in bacterial mutagenicity test systems. PMID- 7323299 TI - Toxicological evaluation of Maillard products. PMID- 7323300 TI - Incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman. PMID- 7323301 TI - The spinocervical tract. PMID- 7323302 TI - Quantitative characterization of signal-to-noise ratios in diagnostic imaging instrumentation. AB - Different imaging modalities can operate on basically different object (biologic) parameters. In addition to an understanding of the intrinsic differences among modalities, it is useful to also understand how these differences translate into information on the output image. Thus, given a defined diagnostic situation, it is important to estimate the confidence (or signal-to-noise level) with which a particular abnormality is observed. For this purpose, we have extended the Rose model for characterization of signal to noise in images by taking into account the sources of degradation of contrast found in diagnostic imaging instrumentation. The model is not only useful in comparing different instruments applied to the identical physiologic state, but can also be used to compare signal to noise in images resulting from different instruments imaging the same subject under different conditions (for instance, positron and planar imaging in the head). The model can also be formulated so as to compare the signal to noise in images obtained from the same object by totally different modalities. A particularly useful feature of this model is its ability to yield an understanding of the intrinsic limitations of any one modality. PMID- 7323303 TI - Neuronuclear medicine. PMID- 7323304 TI - 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose metabolism in man: technique and results. PMID- 7323305 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - NMR imaging is based on the ability to induce and monitor resonance of the magnetic moment of nuclei with an odd number of protons and/or neutrons in the presence of magnetic fields. By the use of magnetic fields whose strength varies with position, it is possible to define both the location and concentration of resonant nuclei, and, thereby, to create images that reflect their distribution in tissue. Hydrogen because it is the most sensitive of the stable nuclei to NMR and because it is also the most abundant nucleus in the body, is ideally suited for NMR imaging. PMID- 7323306 TI - Clinical applications of cerebral radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7323307 TI - Detection of carotid artery stenosis and obstruction by cerebral radionuclide angiography. AB - CA and RA were performed in 140 patients suffering either from TIAs (n = 43; mean age 59 +/- 9.7 years) or from RIND (n = 97; mean age 58 +/- 13 years). Completed stroke was excluded from this study. Criteria of abnormality of RA were determined from a normal control group (n = 100; mean age 37 +/- 17 years). Overall detection rate of extracranial carotid artery lesions of any size was 63% (42:66). False negative results were reviewed. Within the same group of patients, DU was positive in 76%. The addition of RA and DU enhanced the detection rate to 88%. In the subgroup with normal extracranial carotid arteries, RA accounted for 6.7% of false positive results. Intracranially, RA was able to demonstrate a significant asymmetry of perfusion in good correlation with clinical examination in 65% of the cases (91: 140), whereas CA was found positive in only 26% of the patients. It is concluded that RA is best suited for documentation of intracranial carotid artery territory disease and for studying intracranial consequences of extracranial lesions. In contrast, DU is preferred for detection of extracranial lesions. However, the addition of both techniques enhances the power of non-invasive detection of carotid artery stenosis and obstruction. PMID- 7323308 TI - Atraumatic xenon-133 techniques and the measurement of cerebral blood flow in the investigation room, operating theatre and intensive care unit. AB - The ideal CBF measurement technique should be completely atraumatic, the investigation time should be short, and repeated regional measurements, having a precision such that clinically significant CBF changes can be detected, should be possible. The Glasgow methods have been designed around these principles. The inhalation technique has been applied to CBF measurement during trial carotid artery compression, drug assessment, paraplegia and polycythaemia. The intravenous injection technique has proved useful in the investigation of patients with severe head injuries and raised intracranial pressure and in indicating a suitable level of hypotension during aneurysm surgery. PMID- 7323309 TI - rCBF measurements by 133Xe inhalation: recent methodological advances. AB - Some recent methodological improvements of the 133Xe-inhalation method for determination of the rCBF are reviewed. Improvements of the classical (Obrist) method of analysis involving routines for correction of background, remaining activity and contamination from 133Xe in the air passages are described. Advantages and limitations of the ISI as compared to the bi-exponential flow parameters are discussed as well as different ways to determine technical quality and reliability of the flow calculations. Finally, a new method of curve analysis based on Fourier transforms is described. This method allows use of the full curve from start of 133Xe breathing and offers improved methods for correction of influence from air passages and arteries. Its advantages in terms of greater sensitivity and validity are discussed. PMID- 7323310 TI - rCBF measurements by 133Xe inhalation: applications in neuropsychology and psychiatry. AB - This review describes recent advances in the application of rCBF measurements by the 133Xe-inhalation method to neuropsychological and psychiatric research. Studies mapping cortical activity, as indicated by flow variations during visual, auditory and tactile tasks of varying complexity are described. The bilateral rCBF measurements do also offer information concerning lateralization of mental processes. Some clinical applications in psychiatry are finally reviewed demonstrating the use of the technique in differential diagnosis of dementia of organic ethiology (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia) against pseudodementia due to psychosis. The method is also very useful in the study of cases with toxic influence by alcohol and other agents. PMID- 7323311 TI - 133Xe and stable Xe inhalation measurements of cerebral blood flow in health and disease. AB - Advantages and disadvantages of 133Xe inhalation method for measuring regional cerebral blood flow by external sodium iodide detectors are compared to those of the 35% stable xenon (Xe) inhalation method for measuring local cerebral blood flow using the CT scanner. Clinical applications are reviewed. At present, 133 Xe is the most widely available method. Advantages are established safely, availability of normal values, reasonable cost effectiveness, and wide applicability. Disadvantages are poor resolutions and errors due to lack of knowledge of solubility of xenon in abnormal tissues. Advantages of the Xes CT method are excellent resolution and measurement of tissue solubility of abnormal tissues. Disadvantages are subjective subanesthetic affects in some subjects (including numbness, light headedness, restlessness) and expense of Xes gas). PMID- 7323312 TI - Circulating concentrations of oxytocin during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in sheep. AB - Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and progesterone have been measured by radioimmunoassay in jugular venous blood obtained daily from 5 sheep during 2 estrous cycles and in early pregnancy. Concentrations of oxytocin were relatively high (15-30) pg/ml) during the luteal phase of the cycle, but fell at estrus (to 1-17 pg/ml). A fall in oxytocin was also observed on day 15 of pregnancy, when, as expected, progesterone levels remained high. It is suggested that raised basal levels of oxytocin are unlikely to cause the increased uterine release of prostaglandin F2 alpha which occurs at the end of the estrous cycle. PMID- 7323313 TI - [Focusing chromatography using a dilute precipitation reagent--separation of 226Ra decayed nuclides by potassium fluoride (author's transl)]. AB - The electrophoresis of 226Ra and it's decayed nuclides was carried out by using hydrochloric acid in the positive electrode cell and aqueous solution of potassium fluoride in the negative electrode cell. Experimental factors, i.e. concentrations of potassium fluoride and hydrochloric acid, intensity of electric field, duration for electrophoresis and pH value of the potassium fluoride solution etc. were examined. The sample solution was of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid with a tracer amount of 226Ra and 210Pb. Each of these nuclides was carrier free and was 4GB1/l(1 muCi/ml) in concentration. For the sake of autoradiography, a photoengraving film (Fujilith Ortho Film, TAC = 135) was made use of examining the locations of the separated radioactive bands obtained on the paper strip. Their beta and gamma radioactivities were detected as the film darkening on developing the film. According to the positions thus detected, the strip filter paper was cut into pieces and the species of radionuclides were determined by the measurements of energies and half-lives on beta and gamma rays. The locations of the separated alpha-radionuclides were decided by etching the surface of it's film with 6 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the species of radionuclides were determined by the solid state alpha-track detection method. As the result, the optimum conditions for the separation are to use 0.01 M hydrochloric acid in the positive cell and 0.005 M potassium fluoride of pH 6.2 in the negative cell, intensity of the applied electric field being 1000 V/30 cm, and electrophoresis time being 20 minutes. The proposed method gave good results for focusing and separating the radium series nuclides. Bands of 210Bi and 210Po were found on the positive electrode side, while the bands of 226Ra and 210Pb (containing 214Pb) were on the negative electrode side. PMID- 7323314 TI - [Studies on trace amounts of 137Cs in environmental samples--determination of 137Cs in agricultural and livestock products (author's transl)]. AB - A convenient method for the determination of trace amounts of 137Cs in agricultural and livestock products was studied by use of a low back-ground beta ray spectrometer. Simplification, rapidification and accuracy in the determination of trace amounts of 137Cs in environmental samples were aimed at and designed. The beta-ray spectra, which were measured by the low back-ground beta-ray spectrometer on the counting sample after chemical separation (AMP H2PtCl6 method), were analyzed by means of the weighted least squares method using an automatic analyzer, and then radioactivities of 40K, 87Rb and 137Cs were determined. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with the results obtained by conventional method using a low back-ground GM counter after chemical separation (AMP-Bio-Rex.40-H2PtCl6 method) in the determination of 137Cs, and then applicability for environmental samples was studied. The radioactivity of 137Cs only could be determined by this method without using Bio Rex.40 cation exchange resin to remove impurities such as 40K and 67Rb. PMID- 7323315 TI - [Analysis of RIA standard curve by log-logistic and cubic log-logit models (author's transl)]. AB - In order to improve goodness-of-fit in RIA standard analysis, programs for computing log-logistic and cubic log-logit were written in BASIC using personal computer P-6060 (Olivetti). Iterative least square method of Taylor series was applied for non-linear estimation of logistic and log-logistic. Here "log logistic" represents Y = (a--d)/(1+log(X)/c)b)+d As weights either 1, 1/var(Y) or 1/sigma 2 were used in logistic or log-logistic and either Y2(1--Y)2, Y2(1 Y)2/var(Y), or Y2(1--Y)2/sigma 2 were used in logistic or log-logistic and either Y2(1--Y)2, Y2(1--Y)2/var(Y), or Y2(1--Y)2/sigma 2 were used in quadratic or cubic log-logit. The term var(Y) represents squares of pure error and sigma 2 represents estimated variance calculated using a following equation log(sigma 2 + 1) = log(A)+J log(y). As indicators for goodness-of-fit, MSL/Se2, CMD% and WRV (see text) were used. Better regression was obtained in case of alpha-fetoprotein by log-logistic than by logistic. Cortisol standard curve was much better fitted with cubic log-logit than quadratic log-logit. Predicted precision of AFP standard curve was below 5% in log-logistic instead of 8% in logistic analysis. Predicted precision obtained using cubic log-logit was about five times lower than that with quadratic log-logit. Importance of selecting good models in RIA data processing was stressed in conjunction with intrinsic precision of radioimmunoassay system indicated by predicted precision. PMID- 7323316 TI - [An evaluation of characteristics of motion corrector attached to a gamma-camera (author's transl)]. AB - The characteristics of the motion corrector system attached to LFOV gamma-camera (Searle) was evaluated using a T-shaped plane source and point sources. The random movement without rotation of a T-shaped plane source was successfully corrected. However, rotating motion of the plane source was not corrected. When a point source placed on a rotating table, ring images were obtained. When motion corrector was used, the radius of ring images was increased with the increase of rotating speed and it was decreased with the increase of radioactivity of the source. Line images were obtained when point sources were placed on a shaker, which caused linear periodic motion of the sources. The use of the motion corrector reduced the length of line images. PMID- 7323317 TI - Determination of Na, Br and Cu in resists by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7323318 TI - [A study on phantoms for scintillation camera performance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323319 TI - [Fundamental study of Amerlex T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323320 TI - [Tests for design of capsules of 60Co and 192Ir as special form radioactive material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323321 TI - Interaction of nitrosylruthenium with glycine and alanine in seawater--studies on nitrosylruthenium complex-formations with glycine and alanine by a chelating resin. AB - RuNO-Chelex 100 resin, [R.RuNO(OH)(OH2)] was prepared by the reaction of RuNO chloro complex with Chelex 100 resin, and it is expected that aqua and hydroxo groups contained in RuNO-Chelex 100 resin act as adsorption sites for glycinate or alaninate anion by ligand-exchange reaction. The equilibrium constants, Keq, of 1:1 complex formation reactions of RuNO-Chelex 100 resin with glycine and alanine were found to be 96.3 +/- 5.76 and 82.6 +/- 2.69, respectively. The inhibitive effect of glycine and alanine on adsorption of [RuO2(NO2) (NO3)(H2O)NO]- to anion exchange resin increased in the order of glycine greater than alanine. It was observed that the inhibitive effect was dominated by Keq of RuNO-Chelex 100 resin with glycine and alanine. PMID- 7323322 TI - [Estimation of the urinary aldosterone (author's transl)]. AB - The urinary aldosterone (ALD) was measured by aldosterone RIA kit and the following results were obtained. (1) We have known that ten percent solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) instead of free serum LAD is used as the diluent of the urine in aldosterone RIA kit. (2) The upper limits of free ALD, HCl-ALD and beta-glucuronidase ALD in the urine diluted with 10% BSA were 1.6, 9.0 and 9.5 micrograms/dl respectively. (3) The values of urinary conjugated HCl-ALD and beta glucuronidase ALD were approximately 3.5 times and 4 times as much as that of free ALD respectively. (4) A good correlation was obtained among the results of three methods (HCl-ALD, beta-glucuronidase ALD and free ALD). (5) No difference was found in the values of the urinary ALD in the healthy subjects and the patients with essential hypertension, kidney diseases and acute liver diseases. PMID- 7323323 TI - [The influence of iron on 67Ga distribution in tumor-bearing mice--effect of iron administered before 67Ga injection (author's transl)]. AB - Following its discovery by Edwards and Hayes (1969), the propensity of 67Ga to accumulate preferentially in malignant tissues has been studied at diverse levels, not only for its importance in diagnostic imaging but also for its fundamental biological interest. The biodistribution of 67Ga citrate seems to be strongly influenced by the concentration of serum iron and the unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC). Recently, it was found that the clearance of 67Ga from blood and the attainment of high tumor to normal soft-tissue concentration ratios are accelerated if the serum iron concentration is high. The present investigation was undertaken in order to study the relationships between the change of the concentration of serum iron and 67Ga accumulation in the tumor and soft-tissues in mice bearing Ehrlich's ascited tumor. The following results were obtained. (1) The uptake of 67Ga in the tumor and soft-tissues except bone was decreased compared with controls if the concentration of serum iron was elevated by Fesin (saccharated ferric oxide) administered prior the injection of 67Ga. (2) The urinary excretion of 67Ga was considerably increased if the concentration of serum iron was elevated by Fesin administered prior the injection of 67Ga. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that binding 67Ga to transferrin is very important to the accumulation of 67Ga in tumor and soft tissues. PMID- 7323324 TI - [The influence of iron on 67Ga distribution in tumor-bearing mice--effect of iron administered after 67Ga injection (author's transl)]. AB - Gallium-67 concentrates in a variety of soft-tissue and tumor, however the accumulation is not specific for malignant tumor. The increase the tumor to non tumor ratio is important to improve the quality of the tumor image. It has been recently found that the clearance of 67Ga from blood and the attainment of high ratios of the tumor to normal soft-tissue concentrations are accelerated, if the serum iron concentration is high. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken in order to study the effect of administered iron after injection of 67Ga on the accumulation of 67Ga in the tumor tissue of mice bearing Ehrlich's ascited tumor. The following results were obtained. The accumulations of 67Ga in the tumor and soft-tissues were slightly decreased compared with controls after ferric acid saccharated (Fesin) administration 3, 6 and 24 hours after injection of 67Ga. However, the tumor to blood ratio (T/B) in each group treated with Fesin was considerably increased because the clearance of 67Ga from the blood is accelerated. The large tumor to blood ratio (T/B) would be advantageous for tumor scanning. PMID- 7323325 TI - Radioiodination of alkyl halides with Na 125I catalyzed by dicyclohexyl-18-crown 6. PMID- 7323326 TI - Synthesis of 14C labelled o,o-dimethyl o-(3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate. PMID- 7323327 TI - [Clinical evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy using 99mTc-rhenium colloid--a comparison with lymphography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323328 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-HMDP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323330 TI - [Recommendation on quality control for scintillation camera (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323329 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluations of bone scintigraphy with 99mTc hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323331 TI - [Follow-up of portasystemic shunts with arteriography and trans-anastomotic catheterization]. PMID- 7323332 TI - [Radiological investigation in Raynaud's syndrome: meaning and limits (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the past five year's case history covering the humeral arteriographies carried out for the purpose of studying the vascularization of the hand in patients presenting Raynaud-like symptomatology. It is pointed out that in the majority of cases digital arteries show significant lesions and that a certain percentage of these are accompanied by haemodynamically significant alterations of the peripheral part of arteries of the forearm and of the metacarpus. Deep general narcosis is fundamental for a correct interpretation of the angiographies. Within the cases recorded the clinical data are a concomitant of arterious lesions typical of Raynaud's disease. PMID- 7323333 TI - [Fine needle biopsy with ultrasound guidance: 263 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The combination between ecography and fine needle aspiration biopsy has greatly speeded up diagnostic procedures. Often this technique is better than other more invasive and expensive investigations, such as angiography and laparotomy, for its high diagnostic accuracy, the limited upsetting of the patient, the absence of serious complications and the simplicity to perform it. Here are some information on the technique, on the indications and on the complications of the procedure. The results of 263 cases of abdominal biopsy are presented. PMID- 7323334 TI - [Septic osteo-arthritis in hemodialyzed patients: an incident not to underestimate (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of septic osteo-arthritis were seen occuring in patients on dialysis treatment. The sites of involvement included lumbar spine, knee joint, ribs and wrist. The culture of the same microorganisms simultaneously from the arterovenous prothesis, blood and synovial fluid supports the hypothesis that the osteo-arthritis was the result of hematogenous spread of bacteria from the infected focus. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent severe bone and joint damage. PMID- 7323335 TI - [Radiological diagnosis in 229 cases of breast fibroadenoma]. AB - From 1976 to 1977, 705 patients with a fibroadenoma of the breast, histologically proven by biopsy, were observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. In 229 cases, the clinical examination was followed by mammography or xeromammography; in 65/229 patients telethermography was also carried out. The aspects of fibroadenoma at x-ray examinations are described together with the difficulties to reach an exact diagnosis: the cases in which a false positive diagnosis of cancer was done are emphasized. PMID- 7323336 TI - [Scrotum transillumination: method and results (author's transl)]. AB - The results obtained from a continuous series of 48 patients have been critically appraised. The report of the diaphanoscopy appeared pathognomonic only in the event of hyper-diaphanous cystic formation and of varicocele. In all other types of pathology the report was aspecific, requiring a knowledge of the clinical picture for its interpretation, and sometimes absent (neoplasia in the initial phase). For these reasons the diaphanoscopy of the scrotum may be considered as part of a clinical examination and not as a complete (self sufficient) experimental examination. PMID- 7323337 TI - [Theoretical premises for the use of computerized tomography in oncological hyperthermia]. PMID- 7323338 TI - [Dosimetry of the bladder and the rectum: comparison between the measured and calculated dose (author's transl)]. AB - The authors examine 62 cases of curietherapy in the deep vagina on 21 cases of utero-vaginal applications and make a comparison between two dosimetric methods used to measure the dose to the rectum and to the bladder: the direct measure by the Siemens Gammameter dosimeter and the Chassagne-Horiot method. Very large differences were found between the doses evaluated by the two methods. The values with the direct measure were often found to be higher than the calculated ones. When the measurements were done by different doctors, the result was almost the same. PMID- 7323339 TI - [Radioisotopic study of some organs after radiotherapy of the upper abdomen (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present the results of a study carried on 25 cases (Hodgkin patients) performing before and after standardized radiotherapy on retroperitoneal lymph nodes (45 Gy): - radionephrography and determination of renal plasmatic flux and glomerular filtration; - liver scintigraphy by colloids and 99Tcm-HIDA and liver functional tests by 131I-Bengal rose; - pancreas scintigraphy. Focal damage of the hepatic left lobe in younger patients and transitory impairment of some renal functional tests have been observed. PMID- 7323340 TI - [Unusual scintigraphic aspects of hot thyroid nodules after TSH stimulation: apparent cooling]. PMID- 7323341 TI - Observations on the food habits of some African rodents. AB - Food habits of four common species of African rodents: the giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus), the black house rat (Rattus rattus), the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) and the pygmy mouse (Mus minutoides) were studied on the basis of stomach content analysis, habitat sampling and experimental trials with caged animals. Vegetable items (especially grass, grains and tubers) formed the bulk of the food of all the species. Oil-palm nuts and kernels were also common in the guts of C. gambianus and M. natalensis. Animal food components of all the rodent species comprised mainly insects (especially ants, crickets etc.). Vertebrate flesh and scales were also well represented in the guts of C. gambianus. Domestic and miscellaneous food items were recorded from R. rattus, most of which were trapped in human and animal shelters. Inorganic gut contents, primarily sand grains, were found in sizeable quantities in more than 70% of the rodents examined. Results of experimental feeding trials with caged rodents showed close correlation with those recorded from field samples, especially in terms of food choices and the relative quantities consumed. The ecological and practical implications of these observations are discussed in the light of the importance of the rodents as agricultural and domestic pests. PMID- 7323342 TI - [Comparative study of venoms of newborn and adult specimens of Bothrops asper]. AB - This paper is a comparative study of venoms of newborn and adult specimens of Bothrops asper from two Costa Rican populations: San Carlos, in the Atlantic versant and Puriscal in the Pacific. Comparison was on a basis of determination of the following effects: hemorrhage, myonecrosis, edema, proteolysis, hemolysis, and lethality, as well as neutralization of the lethal effect by polyvalent antivenom. Biochemical and immunochemical comparisons were done by means of electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunodiffusion. There are marked differences between newborn and adult venoms from both regions in electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic patterns, although the immunodiffusion plates showed an almost identical pattern. Venoms from newborn specimens are more proteolytic, hemorrhagic, edema-forming and lethal, whereas those of adult specimens are more hemolytic and induce a stronger myonecrotic action, characterized by a myolitic type of necrosis. Antivenom neutralizes the lethality of all venoms with similar ED50. Venoms of adult specimens from both regions showed a slight variation in the immunoelectrophoretic pattern, but a complete identity in immunodiffusion plates. Adult venoms from San Carlos are more hemorrhagic, and myonecrotic, whereas those of Puriscal are more proteolytic, having similar lethality, edema forming activity, and hemolytic effect. The same differences were observed when venoms from newborn specimens from both populations were compared. PMID- 7323343 TI - [Fetal death, computerized statistical analysis]. PMID- 7323344 TI - [Aspects of labor monitoring]. PMID- 7323345 TI - [Uterine involution during the immediate puerperium; favored by gray-scale echography]. PMID- 7323346 TI - [Amniocentesis directed by ultrasonics using transducer-biopsy]. PMID- 7323347 TI - [Ovarian cystomas in patients under 20 years of age]. PMID- 7323348 TI - [Malignant ovarian tumors in women under 20 years of age]. PMID- 7323349 TI - [Chronic dystrophies of the vulva]. PMID- 7323350 TI - [Review of conizations performed in patients with premalignant lesions of cervix uteri January 1975 to October 1977 at the Barros Luco-Trudeau Hospital]. PMID- 7323351 TI - [Cytocolpohistologic correlation of premalignant lesions of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7323352 TI - [Development of endometrial carcinoma. Characteristics of the 2d stage]. PMID- 7323353 TI - [Sex behavior in adolescence]. PMID- 7323354 TI - [Correlation of echographic maturity of the placenta and clements test in fetal high risk]. PMID- 7323355 TI - [Ovarian pregnancy in a user of the lippes loop (clinical case)]. PMID- 7323356 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of renal malformations in an univitelline twin pregnancy. Clinical case]. PMID- 7323357 TI - [Actinomycosis of the female genital tract]. PMID- 7323358 TI - [Determination of urinary estrogens in the high-risk fetus by a cross sectional study during the week of term pregnancy]. PMID- 7323359 TI - [Full-term tubal pregnancy with live fetus]. PMID- 7323360 TI - [Diagnosis of gynecologic tumors by echography]. PMID- 7323361 TI - [Echographic prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma]. PMID- 7323362 TI - [Cervical adenocarcinoma in users of oral contraceptives (clinical case)]. PMID- 7323363 TI - [The study of distal sensitive conduction in the child: some observations (author's transl)]. AB - The sensitive potential of the median nerve is evoked by stimulating the second and third fingers while being recorded percutaneously at the wrist. Three parameters are calculated on control subjects: amplitude, duration and velocity, which is obtained from the negative peak latency. These parameters have been measured on children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth's disease. Friedreich's ataxia and Fukuyama's disease. The results are in good agreement with the literature. The interest of this investigation for early diagnosis of the disease and its classification is emphasized. PMID- 7323364 TI - [Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (author's transl)]. AB - Short-latency SEPs following stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist have been studied in 6 patients suffering from dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (DCM). Cervical N14 and scalp-recorded P15 potentials were found to be normal in patients with appropriate recording conditions. The N20 potential, usually recorded in normals in the parietal region contralateral to the stimulated side, was recorded only in 3 cases out of 6. When present, the N20 potential was found to be normal in latency, amplitude and topography. These data suggest that the electrophysiological events related with information processing at the subcortical levels of the lemniscal pathways (N14, P15) are unmodified in DCM, and lend substance to the hypothesis of a cortical long-loop reflex responsible for the triggering of intention myoclonus in these patients. PMID- 7323365 TI - [Medio-cubital anastomosis in the forearm (author's transl)]. AB - Communication between median and ulnar nerves in the forearm may occur in at least 15% of the population. Electromyography with nerve stimulation is the method necessary for the diagnosis. Four cases with the anatomical feature are reported. The authors insist on electromyographic criteria to distinguish this anomaly from communication between the two nerves in the hand or partial or complete overlap or replacement of the motor field of one nerve by the other. The clinical and pathophysiological consequences of the MARTIN-GRUBER anastomosis are discussed. PMID- 7323366 TI - [Visual evoked responses with flash pattern in normal subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Visual evoked responses to flash pattern simulations have been observed in young healthy adults. Stimulations of whole visual fields (37 subjects) and half-fields (11 subjects) have been performed. These responses are reproductible from one subject to another and show very clear waves in the occipital and central regions. On central leads, whatever the stimulation (stimulation of total visual fields or half-fields), the responses are always the same: a negative peak at 70 msec. followed by a positive peak at 90 msec, then a negative peak at 116-120 msec. On occipital leads, stimulation of the whole visual field shows a diphasic response: a positive wave at 100 msec and a negative wave at 140-150 msec. However, half-field stimulation shows different responses on the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres, with a disappearance of the positive 100 msec wave in the ipsilateral occipital region. Thus, flash pattern stimulations seem to be useful in clinical practice because they evoke different types of responses in occipital and central regions. PMID- 7323367 TI - [Interest of a new method of graphic analysis for the study of the organization of stage II sleep in man (author's transl)]. AB - The organization of stage II and its modifications according to its occurrence in the cycle are studied using an analogical method of graphic analysis. The latter offers a continuous display on a limited record length, of the EEG amplitude in the sigma, alpha, theta and delta bands, of the muscle tone and of eye movement. Thus, it is noted that stage II, preceding paradoxical sleep at the end of the cycle, differs from stage II at the beginning of the cycle by 3 essential elements: the different evolution of delta activity during this stage and its irregular or alternating characteristics at the end of the cycle; the existence of a high muscle tone and an abundant phasic muscle activity during stage II at the end of the cycle; the different relation of these two types of stage II with the depth of the cycle. These observations, compiled from 100 records in healthy, non-insomniac subjects, are compared to those from studies on the heterogeneity of stage II and from those which provide evidence for the existence of phasic phenomena during slow sleep prior to the paradoxical stage in man as well as in the animal. PMID- 7323368 TI - [EEG sleep activity in a phenylketonuric child of the 'new variant' type, before and after treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA (author's transl)]. AB - The EEG during the sleep of a 'new variant' (having a dihyropteridine reductase deficiency) phenylketonuric child, aged 11 months, has been studied under low phenylalanine and following a substitute treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA. Prior to treatment, a paroxystic type of activity composed of spikes and/or polyspikes associated with sharp theta waves was chiefly observed during paradoxical sleep (PS). After a 10 day treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA, the EEG was not modified. However, after 6 months of this therapy, the paroxysms disappeared as well as the spindles; the quiet sleep trace was disorganized. The EEG modifications observed could be due to an evolution of the illness, if the substitute treatment was begun too late to go into effect. PMID- 7323369 TI - [Topographical distribution of slow sleep rhythms in children withdrawn from barbiturates (author's transl)]. AB - An automatic analysis of the topographical distribution of slow sleep rhythms was performed and 53 night sleep recordings obtained from 10 children chronically treated by barbiturates; a barbiturate withdrawal was undertaken in these children to eliminate the side effects of the drug likely to impair their development or their behaviour. Compared to the data obtained in a control group, marked differences were observed in this population, bearing on the magnitude, the topographical distribution and the interhemispheric symmetry of the delta power curves. During and after withdrawal, changes could occur in these curves; as a whole, the organization of the curves was closer to those of controls when the withdrawal was completed for at least 2 months but their magnitudes remained either higher or lower than control values. No relationship could be established between the curve parameters and the dosage of the drug. The observed changes between successive records are interpreted in relation to the concept of cerebral plasticity. PMID- 7323370 TI - [Concerning the interpretation of the contingent negative variation in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - After a review of the literature stressing the biological factors underlying CNV genesis, the author sets up a tentative biological model of CNV, based on the neurophysiological and neurochemical findings of Skinner and Yingling (1977) and Marczynski (1978). In terms of balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes this model encompasses different CNV abnormalities in amplitude or duration frequently observed in mental pathology. The interest of such a model lies in the physiopathologic and therapeutic hypotheses it may lead to. In this respect, CNVs of prolonged duration, which would reflect a catecholaminergic hyperactivity, could constitute an indication for treatment by neuroleptics and/or benzodiazepines. CNVs with a weak amplitude would rather invite one to prescribe antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7323371 TI - [Value of quantitative serial EEG analysis during supervision of evolutive cerebral diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors emphasize the value of quantitative EEG analysis in patients with acute or subacute evolutive diseases, who have undergone serial EEG records. On the basis of the power spectra, the topographical distribution of the different frequency components and their changes during disease evolution, it is shown (by 142 investigations in 44 patients with various evolutive cerebral diseases) that these analyses (with their immediately interpretable histographic representation) are able: (1) to follow the step-by-step evolution of the disease and to apprehend the (favourable or unfavourable) evolutive tendencies of the cerebral process in a condensed form and often before the appearance of typical clinical and electroencephalographic disturbances; (2) to note a focalisation or lateralisation which does not always clearly appear with the clinical or conventional electroencephalographic data. PMID- 7323372 TI - [Study of CNV in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic respiratory insufficiency (CRI) has physiological and psychological aspects that we have tried to examine with the CNV. The study is related to the CNV of 15 CRI patients and 14 control subjects (Cir.). The duration and amplitude of the CNV are more developed in CRI patients. The latter show an increased frequency of prolonged CNV and also a predominance of negative phenomena during the post-imperative period of the CNV. 'Delayed CNV' are very rare among CRI patients, but they are present among 60% of Ctr. subjects. The 'field dependency CNV' are not more frequent in either group. Various factors, most likely related to those CNV modifications, are discussed (aetiologies, chronicity, adaptation, personality). PMID- 7323373 TI - [Ocular scanning modalities in dyslexic children (author's transl)]. AB - Voluntary and reflex ocular scanning has been investigated in 55 dyslexic children, aged from 8 to 14 years 3 months, by means of potentiometric electrooculography with multiple monocular electrodes. Results are expressed in terms of amplitude, frequency, shape of movements and ocular congruence. A comparison between the oculomotor behaviour of dyslexic and normal children with no reading problem shows the same types of ocular movements as observed in normal schoolchildren, but they differ in their distribution according to age. Moreover, the evolution of oblique movements, described in normal children and correlated with the degree of schooling, is not the same in dyslexic children, where it instead seems to follow particular patterns. Finally, in stereotyped ocular scanning simulating reading movements, the dyslexics are characterized by the absence of two important stages leading to ocular congruence: scanning with random alternate monocular predominance and scanning with selected alternate monocular predominance. PMID- 7323374 TI - [Observation of a photosensitive syndrome in Macaca nemestrina (author's transl)]. AB - Out of a group of 12 M. nemestrina (originating from Malaysia), 9 adults had shown clinical signs induced by ILS at 25 c/sec. Six of them (3 males, 3 females) were very photosensitive; however, only 2 presented eyelid and/or head jerks after the end of ILS (level 4), but never a generalized seizure. Tactile periorbital stimuli favoured myoclonus. In all but the two of level 4, the intensity of clinical signs varied from one day to the next. In all implanted adult macaques, spontaneous paroxysmal EEG activities were seen during slow sleep in mostly anterior areas, but also during waking and REM sleep in some of them; however, their occurrence depended upon the individual and were not in all cases related to their level of photosensitivity. During ILS, paroxysmal discharges (spikes and waves and/or polyspikes and waves), isolated or in bursts at 3-4/sec were bilateral and symmetrical. They started in fronto-rolandic regions, then became generalized. This observation constitutes a new fact since the discovery, in 1966, of the photomyoclonic syndrome of Papio papio, Macaca nemestrina being another species of subhuman primates with a marked predisposition to photosensitive epilepsy. PMID- 7323375 TI - [Other obstructions of the right ventricle]. PMID- 7323376 TI - [Double chambered right ventricle. Surgical results in 47 cases]. PMID- 7323377 TI - [Ectopic auricular tachycardia with anomalous response in nodal conduction. Electrophysiologic studies]. PMID- 7323378 TI - [Surgical treatment of 24 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and tachycardia: topographic diagnosis of Kent bundles and evaluation of results]. PMID- 7323379 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic results after the implantation of an Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft]. PMID- 7323380 TI - [Thrombosis of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Evaluation and treatment of 11 cases]. PMID- 7323381 TI - [New closed technic for enlarging the right ventricular outflow tract]. PMID- 7323382 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of persistent left vena cave superior]. PMID- 7323383 TI - [Value of M-mode and contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of atresia and critical pulmonary stenosis with intact septum in the newborn infant. Study of 20 cases]. PMID- 7323384 TI - [Assessment of platelet factor IV for the evaluation of platelet function in patients with ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7323385 TI - [The effect of birth order and parental age in the origin of heart malformations]. PMID- 7323386 TI - [Congenital mitral stenosis and double outlet right ventricle. Presentation of a case of a successfully corrected 11-month-old infant]. PMID- 7323387 TI - [Partial juxtaposition of the left atrial appendage. Its diagnosis during life]. PMID- 7323388 TI - [Contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of the surgical diversion of the inferior vena cave into the left ventricle]. PMID- 7323389 TI - Iron absorption in the everted chicken intestine. AB - Everted chicken intestines from 2-4 week old males were prepared according to the Wilson and Wiseman technique. The sacs were kept in a glucose ionic balanced solution, containing different cold iron concentrations (0.02; 0.01; 0.5; 1 mM Fe) and 59Fe was added as a tracer. The mucosal iron uptake and the iron transfer in the serosal fluid were determined at different intervals (1; 5; 10; 20 min) and in three main segments. The viability of the intestinal sacs was controlled by manometric O2 evaluation. The iron mucosal uptake was proportional to the iron concentration but the serosal iron transfer presented a saturation level, with similar behavior for both the duodenum and the jejunum. Iron transfer decreased with time and this could suggest a serosal to mucosal reflux. No effect was noted from the presence of metabolic inhibitors (0.01 mM sodium azide or 0.5-2 mM 2-4 dinitrophenol). PMID- 7323390 TI - [Evolution of the content of gluconeogenic metabolites in rat liver and kidney during exercise (author's transl)]. AB - The evolving concentration of metabolite intermediates for gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney has been studied in rats after varying periods of exercise (swimming in water at 22 degrees C). Lactate consumption by liver, according to the results, does not take place by gluconeogenesis primarily, since the values for malate, aspartate and PEP show a low in vivo activity for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The PEP/aspartate ratio, on the contrary, gradually rises in kidney, suggesting a gradual increase in the in vivo activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which agree quite well with the results of previously obtained in vitro. The prevention of metabolic acidosis by bicarbonate administration affects the metabolite profile in liver during exercise only very slightly. Renal phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase activity in vivo decreases in relation to previously untreated rats, as well as gluconeogenesis, although to a lesser extent. PMID- 7323391 TI - [Effect of apomorphine on reflexes of the respiratory airways (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323392 TI - [Localization of laryngeal muscle motoneurons in rat (author's transl)]. AB - Medullar localization of laryngeal motoneurons has been studied in rat using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a retrograde tracer. After enzyme injection in laryngeal muscles labelled neurons were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) from 0.5 mm caudal to 1.5 mm rostral to the obex. The presence of labelled cells in both NA after sectioning of left recurrent laryngeal nerve showed the existence of a contralateral projection from NA motoneurons. HRP labelled cells were spindle-shaped and multipolar, NA laryngeal motoneurons were located in a well defined columnar arrangement parallel to the middle line. Motoneurons that innervate pharyngeal and soft palate muscles were located in the anterior part of NA up to the caudal end of the nucleus facialis. PMID- 7323393 TI - [Pontomedullar reticular formation neurons with vestibular, eye movement and neck displacement sensitivity in the alert cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323394 TI - Soluble polypeptides from root meristems growing at different temperatures. AB - Soluble polypeptides and their biosynthesis rate have been studied in root meristems of Allium cepa L. bulbs by electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gels. The second mm of the root was chosen in all cases. The polypeptide composition of root meristems growing with a steady state kinetics at 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C appears to be roughly constant. The quantitative differences observed may be due to the different proportion of proliferative cells in the root segments studied, being higher at 15 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. One important fact is the existence of a polypeptide, approximately 80,000 daltons in molecular weight, which appears as an indicator of active proliferation in onion root cells. PMID- 7323395 TI - [Subcellular study of ethanol action on myocardium (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of ethanol on calcium binding activity in plasma membrane from dog cardiac muscle is described. The binding activity to sarcolemma was measured by the centrifugation method. The ethanol effect on the activity was studied by measuring the amount of bound calcium when the preparation was incubated in an ethanol containing solution at a desired concentration. Results showed that membrane bound calcium increased with ethanol concentration of up to 180 mM. Higher concentrations only decreased the amount of bound calcium. PMID- 7323396 TI - Some limitation in the use of the I- method for measuring the peroxidase activity from bovine thyroid gland. AB - Studied for measuring the peroxidase activity from thyroid gland have usually been achieved on the basis of the H2O2 oxidation of I- to I3- catalyzed by peroxidase. The activity assay has been found to depend on several factors such as the relative order of reagent addition, protein content of the enzyme preparation, presence of detergent and the pH of the reaction medium. At below 7.0 pH, the contribution of the non-enzymic transformation of I- to total activity became quite significant, to the extent that at below 6.5 pH, the chemical reaction predominates over the enzymic one. At values above 7.0 pH, a very rapid decomposition of the product was observed. Guaiacol oxidation has been considered to be a more reliable method than the iodide one, especially when the substrate concentration and temperature vary, and when the activity of relatively rich in protein samples, as well as of some other substances that might interfere with the I3- formation, are going to be measured. PMID- 7323397 TI - The effect of starvation, restricted feed intake and refeeding on acid phosphatase activity of the hypothalamus and frontal cerebral cortex of the rat. AB - Acid phosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.2) activity at the hypothalamus and frontal cerebral cortex has been studied in male rats maintained on different dietary regimes. The enzyme activity in the cerebral cortex did not undergo any observable changes in any of the experimental groups. Enzyme activity in the hypothalamus, rose after food deprivation in both acutely and chronically starved rats, while the enzyme activity returned to physiological levels in refed animals. The hypothalamus neuroendocrine role and a possible interregional heterogeneity for acid phosphatase in rat brain might explain the two enzymic activity patterns observed in the present experiment. PMID- 7323398 TI - Protein assay of rat liver mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane preparations. PMID- 7323399 TI - Arginine as competitive inhibitor of argininosuccinate synthetase from guinea pig liver. PMID- 7323400 TI - [Action of angiotensin II on fluid transport in isolated rat colon and in culture media without chloride]. PMID- 7323401 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in children (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study, which involved 134 children aged between 0.5 and 17 years, was to investigate the metabolism of isoniazid (INH) in children and to provide guide-lines for dosage. The distribution of slow (55,5%) and fast (44,5%) acetylators was the same in children as in adults. However, the mean of INH inactivation index were lower (0.23 and 0.48) while distribution volumes, (1.30 +/- 0.06 and 1.57 +/- 0.17 1/kg) and total plasma clearances (5.39 +/- 0.43 and 14.7 +/- 1.5 ml/Kg/min) were higher than in adults. Plasma half-lives were similar in children and adults. These results indicate that INH is more rapidly metabolized in children owing, it is suggested to a higher liver weight : body weight ratio and to a more pronounced first pass effect. The doses of INH therefore must be higher in children and strictly adapted to each individual. PMID- 7323402 TI - [Unilateral pulmonary oedema after re-expansion (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report three cases of unilateral pulmonary oedema following the re expansion of a spontaneous pneumothorax. The importance of the duration of the pneumothorax and the use of too negative pressure while re-expanding the lung were both underlined. The different physiopathological hypotheses responsible for the appearance of pulmonary oedema were discussed, notably altered mechanical properties of the lung and alveolar-capillary permeability. The numerous precautions to take to avoid the appearance of oedema, as well as the therapeutic measures to adopt for severe pulmonary oedema were reviewed. PMID- 7323403 TI - [The epidemiology of asthma in Lorraine. A method of Study (author's transl)]. AB - The authors undertook an epidemiological study to held useful criteria to identify asthma sufferers. A simple questionnaire was used asking three questions: - Do you wheeze on breathing? - Do you have attacks of breathlessness during the night? - Do you have asthma? 7,904 people were questioned at the Centre for Preventive Medicine at Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy over a year and 1,062 gave a positive response to at least one question. The replies were sub-divided into 5 groups according to the pattern of response and were then given a further clinical assessment as follows: - A sensitivity test for house dust allergy; - A bronchial sensitivity test to Acetylcholine; - The level of blood eosinophilia; - Presence or absence of a family history of asthma. The results were then compared to a matched group of controls who gave a negative reply to all three questions. The authors concluded that the term asthma should only be used by people who recognize themselves as asthmatics and can identify at least one trigger factor in their symptoms. One frequently finds in such people : a family history of asthma, a positive allergy test to the house dust mite, and eosinophilia. On the other hand those with only one or two symptoms (dyspnoea or wheezing) without recognizing themselves as asthmatics had little evidence of a family history of asthma, a sensitivity to the house dust mite comparable to controls and no eosinophilia; in these people there was a striking relationship to tobacco consumption. The Acetylcholine test shows little discriminative value in an epidemiological study of this nature; asthmatics could not be separated from patients with chronic air-flow obstruction, particularly when due to tobacco. It would be helpful to find a test of bronchial hyperactivity which could be used epidemiology. As a result of this study it is possibly to place the prevalence of asthma in the South of Lorraine in the range of 1.7 to 3.6% of the population. PMID- 7323404 TI - [Bronchial arteriography in the localization and treatment of haemoptysis. Report of 34 observations (author's transl)]. AB - 34 bronchial arteriograms were performed in 34 patients over two years. The authors tried to assess the value of this technique in the localization and treatment of haemoptysis. The study confirms the excellent results which are obtained immediately by selective embolisation to achieve haemostasis in severe cases of haemoptysis studied acutely (12 out of 14 cases). The value of arteriography was mediocre when used to localize the lesion (12 times out of 31 assessable cases). Accordingly the authors currently limit bronchial arteriography to those cases where embolisation is indicated and cases in which previous investigation had failed to yield a cause. PMID- 7323405 TI - [National objectives in the teaching of pneumology]. PMID- 7323406 TI - Sex, spinal cord injury, and staff rapport. PMID- 7323407 TI - Educational programming: a seminar for young adults with cleft lip and/or palate. PMID- 7323408 TI - Comparison of the chemical and polypeptide composition of tubular and glomerular basement membranes. AB - Renal tubular and glomerular basement membranes were isolated from rabbit, rat and mouse kidneys. Methods were developed to obtain the basement membrane from limited numbers of animals. Rabbit and mouse tubular basement membrane as well as rabbit and rat glomerular basement membrane were obtained from single animals in quantities sufficient for electrophoresis and chemical analysis. The chemical composition of all the basement membranes were compared and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on rabbit tubular and glomerular basement membranes in order to compare their polypeptide composition. The chemical composition of the tubular basement membranes were similar, each species having nearly equal concentrations of glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively. Glomerular basement membranes were also similar to each other and close to tubular basement membranes in chemical composition. Within each species, the glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine values for tubular basement membrane were about 10% higher than for glomerular basement membrane. The polypeptide composition of a reduced, sodium dodecylsulfate-soluble fraction of the rabbit basement membranes appeared to be alike with two exceptions. A prominent band of Mr = 160,000 seen in gels of tubular basement membrane was present as a lightly staining band in glomerular basement membrane samples and a prominent band of Mr = 140,000 in gels of glomerular basement membrane was seen as a light band in samples of tubular basement membrane. PMID- 7323409 TI - Evidence of H2 receptor activity on glomerular cells. AB - The role of histamine in physiological and pathological states has not been fully elucidated. In the pathological state histamine release can be induced by several mechanisms. The most frequent events are IgE-mediated release, complement mediated release and release by chemical agents. During inflammation histamine is set free and contributes to the course of inflammatory processes, either enhancing or inhibiting inflammatory reactions. In order to look for a target in the glomerulum we examined H2 receptor binding to isolated glomerular cells using 3H-cimetidine as ligand. Two binding sites were detected, a low affinity site with a kD = 6.3 microM and a high affinity site exhibiting a kD = 0.18 microM. These findings are comparable to properties of 3H-cimetidine receptor binding to brain membranes. PMID- 7323410 TI - Urinary 3-hydroxyproline in renal disease. AB - The renal excretion of 3-hydroxyproline (3-HYP), an isomer of 4-hydroxyproline (4 HYP) found 6-10 times more in basement membrane collagen than in interstitial collagen, was investigated in control subjects and in 58 adult patients with various kidney diseases. With the exception of polykystic renal disease, all the nephropathies were investigated by renal biopsy. In normal adult subjects urinary 3-HYP was 12.5 +/- 3.5 (SD) mumol/24 h, 4-HYP 226 +/- 62 mumol/24 h and the percentage ratio 3-HYP/4-HYP 5.5 +/- 0.5. This ratio was twice as little during growth because of a relative excess of 4-HYP. In patients with acute glomerular disease (acute and subacute glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis...) (n = 13) 3 HYP was 17.1 +/- 5.8 mumol/24 h (p less than 0.01 when compared with the normal) and 4-HYP 234 +/- 77 mumol/24 h. The ratio between the two values was 7.3 +/- 0.7 (p less than 0.001). Such an increase in 3-HYP was not observed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 24) where 3-HYP was 9.6 +/- 5.7 mumol/24 h and 3 HYP/4-HYP 6.0 +/- 1.6, neither in patients with diabetic glomerulonephritis (n = 6). In chronic interstitial nephritis (n = 8) the 3-HYP/4-HYP ratio was decreased with the exception of polykystic renal diseases (PKD), where it was increased (p less than 0.001). The daily urinary contents of 3-HYP and 4-HYP were slightly altered by renal insufficiency. In glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome whatever the histological lesions, urinary 3-HYP did not change significantly. These preliminary results indicate that urinary 3-HYP (1) is increased when glomerulonephritis is clinically acute or subacute; (2) is increased in PKD suggesting a possible inborn error of collagen metabolism. PMID- 7323411 TI - Tissue culture of normal rat glomeruli: glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by homogeneous epithelial and mesangial cell populations. AB - The biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by cultivated rat glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells was studied by incorporation of [35S]sulfate or [14C]glucosamine for 48 h. After dialysis, the incubation medium was subjected to digestion with papain. Labeled GAG were isolated from the digests by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride and ethanol. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isolated 'epithelial' GAG fraction revealed the presence of two [14C] spots and one [35S] spot. The [35S] spot was identified as heparan sulfate, because it comigrated with the heparan sulfate standard and it was insensitive to testicular hyaluronidase. One [14C] spot comigrated with the [35S] spot and with the heparan sulfate standard. This GAG fraction did not contain galactosamine. The second [14C] spot was identified as hyaluronic acid, since it comigrated with the hyaluronic acid standard and since it was sensitive to testicular hyaluronidase. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isolated 'mesangial' GAG fraction revealed the presence of one [14C] spot only. No [35S] spot was detectable. The [14C] spot comigrated with the hyaluronic acid standard and was sensitive to hyaluronidase. The data therefore suggest that the glomerular epithelial cells synthesize and secret both sulfated GAG (heparan sulfate) and nonsulfated GAG (hyaluronic acid) into the culture medium, whereas the glomerular mesangial cells synthesize and secrete nonsulfated GAG (hyaluronic acid) only into the culture medium. PMID- 7323412 TI - Synthesis of collagen and fibronectin by glomerular cells in culture. AB - The biosynthesis of collagen and fibronectin molecules by cultivated glomerular epithelial or mesangial cells was studied at confluency using radioactive proline or lysine as precursors. Collagen represented 0.5% of the total protein synthesized by the glomerular epithelial cells. About 60% of this collagenous protein were associated to the cell layer, whereas about 40% were secreted into the culture medium. Two major collagenous polypeptides were observed with apparent molecular weights of 185K and 170K, and were identified as two gene products of type IV procollagen. They exhibited ratios of 3- to 4-hydroxyproline, of total hydroxyproline to proline, and of hydroxylysine to lysine characteristic of type IV procollagen. They were degraded by bacterial collagenase. The patterns of peptides obtained after digestion of the 185K and 170K chains of this type IV procollagen with pepsin and V8 protease were identical to those obtained after digestion of type IV procollagen chains purified from a murine tumor (EHS sarcoma). Finally. a purified antibody to type IV collagen specifically immunoprecipitated the collagenous protein produced by the glomerular epithelial cells. By contrast, the mesangial cells synthesized about 5% of collagenous protein. 90% of this collagen were secreted into the cultured medium, whereas about 10% remained associated to the cell layer. Type I, III and IV procollagens were synthesized by the mesangial cells. Fibronectin was found in the medium and cell layer of both epithelial and mesangial cells. Fibronectin molecules were identified by their resistance to bacterial collagenase, their susceptibility to pepsin digestion, and their specific adherence to collagen. It was composed of disulfide-linked peptides of 220K daltons. The data therefore demonstrate that: (a) the glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells synthesize fibronectin molecules and type IV procollagen in vitro; (b) the cultivated mesangial cells also synthesize type I and III collagens. The implications of these findings in certain pathological circumstances, such as diabetes mellitus, are now being investigated. PMID- 7323413 TI - Role of basal lamina in tissue interactions. AB - Basal lamina are extracellular structures found closely apposed to the plasma membrane on the basal surface of epithelial and endothelial cells and surround muscle and fat tissues. While the primary function of basal lamina in most adult tissues is probably supportive, significant evidence indicates that during embryonic development, basal lamina may be involved in regulating heterotypic tissue interactions. Changes in composition of the basal lamina of salivary and mammary gland epithelial tissues during development probably are important for branching morphogenesis which leads to the final form of the organ. During tooth organogenesis, selective basal lamina degradation and direct cell contact between developing epithelium and mesenchyme has been documented and suggested to be necessary for cytodifferentiation. Basal lamina turnover, as suggested by these morphological observations, no doubt involves both basal lamina synthesis and degradation. We have studied several factors evidently required for basal lamina reconstitution in vitro, and have discovered that fibronectin added to enamel organ epithelial cultures provided cues required for basal lamina formation in vitro. Both fetal calf serum and dental papilla mesenchyme-conditioned media also provided specific signals for basal lamina reconstitution. In addition, we have found that fibronectin is produced by the dental papilla mesenchyme, is released into the medium, and can be isolated from epithelial explants which have been cultured in mesenchyme-conditioned medium; the epithelial explants themselves do not make fibronectin in vitro. PMID- 7323414 TI - Human platelets and glomerular basal lamina interaction. AB - Collagen is one of the major constituents of glomerular basal lamina. Its thrombogenecity has been systematically studied in our laboratory by aggregometry, adenine nucleotide release assay, and electron microscopy. The purified human glomerular basal lamina (HGBL) preparation does not induce platelet degranulation, nucleotide release, or aggregation, although adhesion and spreading of platelets on HGBL are observed. Isolated monomeric HGBL collagen or insoluble HGBL collagen in its native state of organization are similarly inactive. Modification of carbohydrate moieties by sialase, alpha-glucosidase, or sodium periodate oxidation has no effect on HGBL's inability to induce platelet release reaction or aggregation. Therefore, HGBL collagen is not thrombogenic as has been suspected. Adhesion and spreading of platelets on HGBL, which require the noncollagen constituents of HGBL and divalent cations, represent a temporary capillary pavement for endothelial defect distinct from thrombogenic activity of platelets. PMID- 7323415 TI - The role of visceral epithelial, endothelial and mesangial cells in the formation and turnover of glomerular basement membrane. AB - Incorporation of 3H-proline in the mouse kidney was studied by electron microscopic radioautography in a pulse-chase mode to establish the role of visceral epithelial, endothelial, and mesangial elements in the synthesis and turnover of glomerular basement membrane. Visceral epithelial and endothelial cells were found to play a significant role in the formation of glomerular basement membrane components, and turnover time for one of the components was found to be under 2 h. The synthesis of second component is slow and make take 8 24 h. The mesangial cells appear to play a significant role in the reabsorption of the component with a faster turnover rate. PMID- 7323416 TI - Origin of outgrowth from isolated glomeruli in culture. AB - The primary cellular outgrowth from isolated glomeruli was identified by examinations of the ultrastructural changes occurring in the three glomerular cell types during culture and by light and electron microscopic autoradiographic preparations of isolated glomeruli incubated with 3H-thymidine. It is demonstrated that the visceral epithelial cells constitute the majority of cells in the primary glomerular outgrowth and that another cell type probably originates from the mesangial cells. A method is described to obtain rather pure cultures of proliferating visceral epithelial cells suitable for further studies of their metabolic properties. PMID- 7323417 TI - Mesangiolysis of isolated renal glomeruli with the formation of lobular sacs or cysts. AB - 60% trichloracetic acid (TCA) will dissolve the cells and mesangial matrix of isolated renal glomeruli before it dissolves the basement membranes (BM). With the removal of the mesangial cells and matrix, the paramesangial BM stands out in sharp relief. It is thicker than that of the capillary loops and is provided with prominent ridges and spurs. These thick collars of BM now border the narrow channels left after the removal of the mesangium. The channels communicate with the capillary lumens. They widen asynchronously with the continued action of the TCA leading at first to more axial cavitation of the lobules of the glomerulus and finally to the conversion of these lobules into sacs or cysts. This is brought about by the unfolding of the capillaries within the investing sheath of BM which is common to the capillary loops and the widened stalks and intercapillary axial portions of the mesangium. PMID- 7323418 TI - A model for the glomerular filter. AB - The model for the glomerular filter presented here is based on the relationship between basement membrane collagen and fibrillar collagen. The glomerular basement membrane collagen is produced by the epithelial cell and present on its surface in a staggered organization as in fibrillar collagen. Binding and aggregation of the collagen molecules with a matrix protein results in a large (+/- 50 nm) meshwork controlled by collagen molecules and bound to the cell surface. Because the matrix proteins bind GAGs, the aggregates are recognizable as anionic sites. A continued production of glomerular basement membrane material will cause a movement towards the endothelial side accompanied with a degradation. This degradation results in a loss of carbohydrates, digesting of alpha-molecules in the triple helices and a loss of anionic sites. The loss of carbohydrates leads to cross-linking and narrowing of the meshes in the direction of the endothelial side of the GBM. Final digestion results in fragmented helices which will pass the GBM and probably be reabsorbed by the epithelial cells or which will pass the slit diaphragm. The slit diaphragm, a staggered collagen structure in plane, functions as a bridge between the epithelial foot processes and is able to regulate the flow and pressure. PMID- 7323419 TI - Glomerular permeability: alteration in size- and charge-based barrier function in lupus nephritis. AB - To study alterations in glomerular permeability and their relation to immune deposits, anionic and cationic ferritins were systemically injected in immunosuppressed or untreated mice with lupus nephritis. Kidneys were studied by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In untreated mice with membranous and proliferative glomerulonephritis, ultrastructural analyses of tracer molecules in the capillary wall indicated that deposition of immune complexes (a) resulted in a focal, not generalized, alteration in the glomerular permeability properties; (b) induced disruption of size- and charge-based barriers at the vicinity of such immune deposits, and (c) induced leak of anionic protein, predominantly via residual slit pores, into the urinary space. When mice with immune complex disease were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone for 90 days, immune complexes were confined to the mesangium and glomerular structure and barrier (size- and charge-based) function were preserved. PMID- 7323420 TI - Effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on the glomerular filtration barrier of the rat. AB - To elucidate morphologic changes in glomeruli of rats made diabetic with alloxan 40 mg/kg, we examined the filtration barrier with light microscopy, transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rats were killed at 10 or 20 weeks. The presence of diabetes was verified by blood and urine glucose measurements. In vivo perfusion was carried out through the left ventricle with gluteraldehyde in cacodylate buffer. SEM and TEM were performed by conventional techniques. SEM revealed striking changes in both the epithelial and endothelial surfaces which were focal and progressive with time. The epithelial surfaces showed podocyte fusion with areas of frank necrosis. Occasional areas of regeneration were seen. The endothelium showed a loss in number and decrease in size of fenestrae, proliferation of microvilli, and appearance of irregular cellular processes. TEM confirmed the presence of cellular changes. The basement membrane was irregularly thickened and the mesangium was more prominent than in control animals. We conclude that not only is the basement membrane affected by diabetes, but also important endothelial and epithelial cell changes occur as well. These changes are best appreciated by SEM and have not been previously described. PMID- 7323421 TI - Glomerular filtration barrier in aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxic acute renal failure. AB - To elucidate the role of the glomerular filtration barrier in the development of nephrotoxic acute renal failure, we produced acute renal failure in rats with either gentamicin or tobramycin. Both drugs evoked changes in the glomerular capillary endothelium. Gentamicin administration resulted in a dose-related decrease in the diameter, density and area of endothelial fenestrae, which was considerably more pronounced than those observed with tobramycin. Prolonged, high dose gentamicin administration caused a decrease in creatinine clearance, an increase in plasma renin activity and a corresponding decrease in the area available for filtration. These changes reverted with continued drug administration. These results support the notion that morphological alterations in the filtration barrier are responsible for the decrease in filtration observed in acute renal failure. The changes may be at least in part mediated by the renin angiotensin system. PMID- 7323422 TI - Biological thixotropy of glomerular basement membrane and the implications of thixotropic in explaining basement membrane permeability. AB - Glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) are considered to exhibit the characteristics of biological thixotropic systems, and because of this GBM permeability is determined by intravascular pressure. The significance of pressure as the major determinant of GBM permeability is discussed. Factors leading to GBM permeability to albumin following interruption of renal blood flow are examined, and a possible explanation for the phenomenon is proposed. PMID- 7323423 TI - The rate of synthesis and breakdown of glomerular basement membrane material at the transition 'normal to diabetes' and 'diabetes to normal'. AB - A considerable enlargement of the renal glomeruli is present very early after the acute onset of juvenile diabetes mellitus. In the hypertrophied glomeruli the surface area of the capillary walls, the filtration surface, is increased, and thereby also the amount of basement membrane in the capillary wall. The rate of development of this type of diabetic basement membrane accumulation has been studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats with 4- and 47-day duration of diabetes. During the first 4 days a 40% increase in the total amount of peripheral basement membrane material occurs, whereas the following period up to 47 days shows no further change. The structural changes of the glomerular capillaries seen in conjunction with the basement membrane accumulation comprise an enlargement of the filtration surface and capillary luminal volume. In another experiment, 4 week diabetic animals were transplanted with pancreatic islets. The renal structures were studied quantitatively after 4 weeks of normalization. It was found that the increased amounts of basement membrane material were still present. PMID- 7323424 TI - Precise quantitation of glomerular basement membrane morphology. AB - Quantitative microscopical methods for studying the glomerular capillary basement membrane are described, mainly in terms of precision and overall experimental efficiency. The methods provide absolute data for basement membrane thickness, total surface and total volume, and for glomerular capillary dimensions, namely total length, total surface and average diameter, as well as for mesangial cell and matrix volumes. The impact of these methods on current research in glomerular structure and pathology is illustrated by results from a number of recent studies of human and experimental diabetes. PMID- 7323425 TI - Glomerular basement membrane turnover in young, old, and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Diabetic and senile glomerulosclerosis consists of thickening of the glomerular basement membranes (GBM) and augmentation of the mesangial matrix. The pathogenesis of these alterations is still controversial. Therefore, an in vivo study of the metabolism and the chemical composition of the GBM in streptozotocin diabetic and old rats reported here was conducted: The turnover rate of the GBM, determined by the incorporation of labeled hydroxyproline, is prolonged in preparations from diabetic and aging rats. This can be explained by the decreased synthesis and delayed degradation of the GBM material found in both experimental groups. The biochemical analyses of the GBM revealed a higher content of hydroxylated amino acids, especially OH-lys, in the old and diabetic animals. The findings suggest that diabetic and senile glomerulosclerosis results from a prolonged turnover of the GBM and GBM-like material under the altered metabolic conditions investigated in this study. PMID- 7323426 TI - Influence of the lectins and polycation on the configuration of renal podocytes: a scanning electron microscopic study of renal podocytes after micropuncture of the glomerulus in vivo. AB - The lectins concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) I+II and the polycation protamine sulfate were applied directly to renal glomerular podocytes by micropuncture techniques in vivo; others received a control solution. To make visible the distribution of lectins, some rats were given fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Con A. The glomeruli undergoing the micropuncture experiments were labeled and then prepared for SEM and TEM observation, in some cases also for histochemical analysis. Comparatively, the effect of application of the Con A and protamine sulfate solution by intraarterial infusion was studied. The glomeruli of a total of 100 Munich-Wistar rats were studied. Con A and WGA cause varying degrees of 'retraction' of the foot processes of the podocytes when applied using the techniques of micropuncture. Intraarterial infusion of a Con A solution, on the other hand, causes no changes in the podocytes. RCA II, applied for 10 min using micropuncture techniques, causes thickening and swelling of the foot processes as well as the formation of intercellular junctions ('agglutination'). RCA I, on the other hand, causes no changes in the podocytes of the rat glomerulus. Glomeruli treated with the micropuncture application of the polycation protamine sulfate demonstrate largely 'agglutination' and only sometimes localized minimal retraction of the foot processes of the podocytes. The intraarterial infusion of protamine sulfate causes almost exclusively 'agglutination' of the podocyte foot processes. Retraction of the podocyte foot processes is probably a result of the active movement of the podocytes, which in turn induced by attachment of lectines to the lectin receptors in glycocalyx of the podocyte cell membrane. Simple reduction of the polyanions in the podocyte cell membrane by protamine sulfate appears to cause only simple electrostatic interaction which then results in 'agglutination' of the podocyte foot processes. PMID- 7323427 TI - Anionic binding sites in the glomerular basement membrane: possible role in the pathogenesis of immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - This paper details the ways in which the anionic sites of the GBM could be involved in immune complex deposition. Experiments were performed with chemically cationised proteins to test the hypotheses proposed. The most detailed investigations were concerned with the role of basic (cationic) antigen as a planted antigen, leading to in situ immune complex formation. A model was developed where it was possible to induce marked proteinuria following a single injection of small quantities of cationised human IgG or ferritin. PMID- 7323428 TI - Different antibody response in experimental and spontaneous glomerulonephritis. AB - The immune nephritis antibody response against the collagen and glycoprotein portions of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) has been monitored by using either type IV collagen prepared from pepsin digests or a collagenase digest of GBM. Sheep immunized with GBM, according to Steblay, respond by developing antibodies directed against the collagen and the glycoprotein portions, respectively. Circulating antibodies directed against sheep GBM structures were not demonstrated until overt clinical disease with high serum creatinine values and proteinuria. Such antibodies could, however, be eluted from the kidneys, where they adsorbed in a linear fashion as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. In spontaneous human nephritis in Goodpasture's syndrome, circulating antibodies were present at the time of diagnosis. These antibodies reacted only with the glycoprotein portion of the basement membrane, and not with the type IV collagen. PMID- 7323429 TI - Biosynthetic studies on the collagenous components of basement membranes. AB - The biosynthesis of the collagenous components of the rat lens capsule and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) has been investigated. Intact lenses, isolated lens capsules and isolated renal glomeruli incorporate [3H]proline into 4 hydroxy[3H]proline containing polypeptides of approximate molecular weight 180,000 (analysed under reducing conditions). These polypeptides are deposited in the deoxycholate-insoluble basement membrane matrix and correspond to subunits of the intact, non-radioactive basement membranes. With time a proportion of the newly synthesised collagenous polypeptides become assembled into high molecular weight aggregates which are stabilized by lysine- and/or hydroxylysine-derived cross-links. Despite the similar patterns of collagen biosynthesis in the rat lens capsule and GMB, the latter has a more complex polypeptide composition the origin of which remains uncertain. PMID- 7323430 TI - Murine autoimmune interstitial nephritis and associated antigen: purification of a soluble tubular basement membrane antigen from mice kidneys. AB - A soluble tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen has been purified from murine kidneys. The isolated fibers were trypsinized and subjected to zone electrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography eluted with linear NaCl concentration gradient while monitoring the TBM antigen activity with specific antihuman TBM antigen. The molecular weight of TBM antigen was estimated to be 30,000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified TBM antigen gave a single precipitin line against the specific antiserum and cross-reacted with the TBM antigen similarly purified from other animals such as goat, guinea pig and also with human TBM antigen in an immunodiffusion plate. BALB/c, C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice at 2 weeks' interval with the TBM antigen and adjuvant. Histologically typical interstitial nephritis occurred in BALB/c mice, whereas no nephritis developed in other strains of mice. The inflammatory changes were characterized by intense mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular destruction, and interstitial and periglomerular fibrosis. The serum-stained basement membrane of normal tubules and Bowman's capsules, and no antiglomerular basement membrane activity was detectable in the serum by immunofluorescence. This system provides a simple and useful model in interstitial nephritis in mice produced with a purified TBM antigen. PMID- 7323431 TI - Postpartum resolution of glomerular changes in edema-proteinuria-hypertension gestosis. AB - Complete resolution of glomerular changes in toxemia of pregnancy has been reported to occur as early as 4 weeks postpartum, whereas their persistence for as long as 2 years in some instances has been noted. However, the mechanism of resolution remains obscure. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in 22 patients between 10 and 14 days after delivery. These women fulfilled the criteria for toxemia of pregnancy (edema-proteinuria-hypertension gestosis). Biopsy specimens were examined, using light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Semithin sections were studied in view of greater reliability and better relation with further electron microscopic studies. A diffuse increase in mesangial cellularity and matrix was seen in all glomeruli with varying intensity, compatible with mesangium activity, more than endothelial proliferation. So-called capillary occlusions by endothelial swelling were not observed in the biopsies taken 10 days after delivery, but expulsed mesangial cytoplasm could be observed incidentally in the capillary lumen. This phenomenon may explain the wrong interpretation of paraffin sections studied by light microscopy. The presence of immunoglobulins in the glomeruli, seen by immunofluorescence, seems to be nonspecific trapping. In view of experimental studies of mesangium function in macromolecular uptake and processing, it is possible that resolution of the characteristic renal lesions in toxemia is promoted by mesangium activity. PMID- 7323432 TI - Specificity and nephrotoxicity of heterologous antibodies directed against renal basement membranes. AB - Two immune sera have been raised in sheep against rabbit glomerular and tubular basement membranes, respectively (GBM and TBM). Their specificity was investigated by immunoabsorption and radioimmunoassay, and their nephrotoxicity was studied by injecting them into New Zealand rabbits. Both antisera reacted in vitro collagen and noncollagen-related glycopeptides. However, while the anti-GBM antiserum reacted preponderantly with GBM and TBM collagen which probably represent the antigen(s) shared by the two basement membranes, the anti-TBM antiserum was directed preferentially against the noncollagenous component of rabbit TBM. The anti-GBM antiserum induced in rabbits a diffuse extracapillary glomerulonephritis with linear fixation of autologous IgG and C3 along the GBM. The anti-TBM antiserum also induced an extracapillary glomerulonephritis but in addition a focal tubular atrophy was seen and autologous IgG and C3 were fixed along both GBM and TBM and glucosuria frequently occurred. These results suggested that the glomerular lesions induced by the two antisera were due to anticollagen antibodies while the tubulointerstitial lesions were due to antibodies directed against the noncollagenous portion of TBM. PMID- 7323433 TI - Glomerular basement membrane changes in nonhereditary glomerular diseases. AB - Some examples of glomerular lesions developing in different types of nonhereditary glomerular diseases have been described. In most of them, secondary glomerular basement membrane changes are important factors in the development and progression of the glomerular lesions. When severe, they initiate irreversible glomerular scar formation. PMID- 7323434 TI - Glomerular basement membrane changes in hereditary glomerular diseases. AB - Ultrastructural glomerular basement membrane changes are present in most hereditary glomerular diseases: thick and thin basement membrane with splitting of the lamina densa in Alport's syndrome, thin basement membrane in familial benign essential hematuria, and thick basement membrane with the presence of collagen-like fibrils in the nail-patella syndrome. They are useful markers for diagnosis. Moreover, their knowledge has set the problem of the primary biochemical defect in basement membrane metabolism accounting for morphological abnormalities and clinical disturbances. Further biochemical and immunochemical investigations are still required for a better understanding of hereditary glomerular diseases. PMID- 7323435 TI - Chemical characterization of glomerular and tubular basement membranes of various mammalian species. AB - A graded sieving procedure was used to isolate both glomeruli and tubules from renal cortex of cattle, pig, sheep, horse, man and rat. In addition, tubules from rabbit renal cortex were isolated. Glomerular and tubular basement membranes (GBM and TBM, respectively) were obtained with a detergent procedure. Purity of preparations was established with light and electron microscopy and by estimating total phosphorus content. Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the basement membranes were determined and statistically evaluated. Chemical composition of the preparations of all species was typical for renal basement membranes. Significant species-dependent variations were found, however, for many chemical constituents. Comparison of the chemical composition of GBM with TBM as pairs from individuals showed as a common phenomenon in all species that GBM preparations contain more of the heteropolysaccharide constituents especially twice as much neuraminic acids that TBM preparations. Observed differences may be related to variations in immunogenic properties of the different types of renal basement membranes. PMID- 7323436 TI - Variations in chemical composition of human glomerular and tubular basement membranes with age and disease. AB - A graded sieving procedure was used to isolate glomeruli and tubules from renal cortex of men of premature age up to 80 years and of 4 patients suffering from Zellweger syndrome, congenital nephrotic syndrome, polycystic renal disease or diabetes mellitus. Glomerular and tubular basement membranes (GBM and TBM, respectively) were obtained with a detergent procedure. Purity of basement membrane preparations was controlled with light and electron microscopy and by estimating total phosphorus content. Amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the basement membranes were determined and statistically evaluated. Comparison of GBM and TBM from the same kidneys showed at all ages that GBM contains more 3 hydroxyproline, neuraminic acids and mannose. These differences may contribute to the different immunogenic properties of the two basement membranes reported in the literature. Significant changes with age in the chemical composition were found, suggesting that the proportion of collagenous peptide moieties increases and that of noncollagenous peptide moieties decreases with age in both GBM and TBM. In addition, the hydroxylation grade of proline and lysine increases significantly with age reaching an adult level for GBM after 4-6 months of age and for TBM at late childhood. The age-related changes in basement membrane composition may influence functional properties of these extracellular renal structures. The chemical composition of GBM and/or TBM of the 4 patients showed some differences in comparison to control preparations from persons with ages approximating that of the patients. PMID- 7323437 TI - Newly synthesized proteins in rat glomerular fractions. AB - Isolated glomerular preparations are known for their capability to synthesize proteins. A thorough biochemical separation and characterization of newly synthesized proteins, however, is lacking. In this study isolated glomeruli from rat kidney (enriched by sieving technique alone or by a combination of sieving and subsequent further enrichment by either sucrose or Ficoll discontinuous centrifugation) were incubated for various periods with protein and glycoprotein precursors. The synthesis of soluble and membrane-bound proteins was studied. Separation of glomerular proteins was carried out by means of SDS-electrophoresis in 6 M urea. The radioactivity of newly synthesized proteins was determined by the scintillation technique. In the leucine-incubated glomeruli, a broad spectrum of newly synthesized monomer proteins ranging from 90,000 to 25,000 daltons was detected, whereas in the glucosamine and galactose incubated glomeruli synthesis of glycoproteins of molecular weights ranging mainly between 90,000 and 60,000 daltons could be observed. Most of the radioactivity incorporated into isolated glomeruli was regained in 600 g (containing basement membrane with residual mesangial/endothelial nuclei and cellular debris) and 12,000 g (membrane structures and mitochondria) pellets, indicating that most of the newly synthesized proteins are membrane bound. A component of newly synthesized glycoprotein (72,000 daltons) could be extracted by mild NaCl treatment and is partly soluble in desoxycholate. Further experiments utilizing isoelectrofocusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis are in progress. PMID- 7323438 TI - Seating for the arthritic. PMID- 7323439 TI - Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in adults. AB - Caffeine and its major metabolite, paraxanthine, were observed in plasma following oral administration of theophylline in a multiple dose study. At steady state, plasma caffeine concentrations varied from 0.21 to 0.75 mg/L at plasma theophylline concentrations of 8.1 to 21.5 mg/L in four healthy subjects. About 6% of the theophylline dose was converted to caffeine, which is further metabolized to a series of degradation products, which can be measured after caffeine administration, accounted for the incomplete urinary recovery usually observed after theophylline administration. PMID- 7323440 TI - Theophylline pharmacokinetics during hyperbaria and hyperbaric hyperoxia in the dog. AB - The effect of hyperbaria and hyperbaric hyperoxia on the disposition kinetics of theophylline were investigated in the dog. The drug was administered as a 5 mg/kg iv bolus at 1 atmospheres absolute (ATA), 2.8 ATA and 6 ATA. Serial blood samples were collected over an eight hour period and analyzed for theophylline concentration using a gas chromatographic method. From the resultant data, elimination half-life, volume of distribution and total body clearance were calculated. There were no apparent effects of hyperbaria or hyperbaric hyperoxia on any of the parameters describing theophylline disposition, implying that, in the animal model studied, distribution, elimination and effect should remain constant. PMID- 7323441 TI - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity determines the epinephrine concentration of pheochromocytomas. AB - We evaluated the activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in 16 pheochromocytomas. Ten of the tumors were from patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia and six of the tumors were from patients with sporadic pheochromocytomas. All of the pheochromocytomas contained PNMT and DBH activity. There was a significant correlation between PNMT activity and epinephrine concentration in the pheochromocytomas (r=0.61); there was no significant correlation between PNMT activity and norepinephrine concentration (r=0.38) or DBH activity and norepinephrine (r=0.06) or dopamine (r=0.31) concentration. In general, the patients with the highest PNMT activity in their pheochromocytomas tended to have paroxysmal (rather than sustained) hypertension and to excrete more E than NE in their urine. PMID- 7323442 TI - Differential inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid on the binding of dopamine agonists and antagonists to neostriatal membrane preparations: correlations with behavioral effects. AB - Ascorbic acid was a potent inhibitor of the binding of both dopamine agonists (3H dopamine and 3H-ADTN) and also of dopamine antagonists (3H-spiroperidol and 3H domperidone) to neostriatal membrane preparations. Against dopamine agonists, ascorbic acid caused a dose-dependent inhibition of binding with about 90% effect at 6 mM ascorbic acid. Against dopamine antagonists there was U-shaped dose response curve for ascorbic acid. That is, 6 mM ascorbic acid caused no significant inhibition, while 0.006 mM caused a slight inhibition, and intermediate concentrations caused extensive inhibition. Almost identical inhibitory effects were obtained with sodium ascorbate. In other experiments, 500 mg/kg of ascorbic acid given to mice 1 hour prior to the dopamine releasing agent d-amphetamine, was able to greatly attenuate the increase in locomotor activity usually seen after amphetamine. These latter data may have important implications for a possible role for ascorbic acid in dopaminergic neurotransmission. PMID- 7323443 TI - Calcium antagonism of anionic liposome actions at a muscarinic synapse. AB - Addition of 0.5 mM Ca++ to guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation, which is contracted under the influence of anionic liposomes, is followed by a rapid, temporary, relaxation. Such Ca++ addition produces no change in the field-stimulated preparation, eliminating direct Ca++ effects or neuronal acetylcholine release nor in the preparation stimulated by added acetylcholine, eliminating direct Ca++ effects on muscle. These eliminations leave the Ca++ interaction with liposomes, probably causing self-fusion, and loss from interaction with cholinergic neurons, as the mechanism for Ca++-induced relaxation. PMID- 7323444 TI - Effects of nitrofurantoin on the glutathione redox status and related enzymes in the isolated, perfused rabbit lung. AB - Nitrofurantoin (NF) is a urinary antimicrobial drug which causes pulmonary injury. We measured levels of total lung glutathione (TLG), a tripeptide central to cellular antioxidant defenses and xenobiotic detoxification, and enzyme activities related to maintenance and utilization of reduced glutathione (GSH) in isolated, New Zealand white rabbit lungs perfused with a Kreb's-Ringer's bicarbonate medium containing NF (420 microM). After 30 minutes there was no net difference in the level of TLG [GSH + GSSG(oxidized) + effluent GSH-GSSG] or total nonprotein sulfhydryls in NF-perfused or control lungs. However, there was a decrease in the GSH:GSSG redox ratio to 2% of control (P less than .0005) and an 87% increase in GSH-GSSG efflux (P less than .005). This increased oxidation of GSH indicates that toxicity of NF is likely oxidative in nature, possibly via redox cycling of NF in the presence of oxygen to generate activated oxygen species. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, GSH reductase, and GSH S-transferase were not significantly different due to NF perfusion. GSH peroxidase activity decreased 34% (P less than .025) in NF perfused lungs. Because all TLG, as well as total nonprotein thiol was accounted for in NF-perfused lungs, it would appear that no GSH-NF metabolite conjugation occurred. GSH metabolic conjugation in the perfused lung is easily detected when tissue-alkylating drugs or their metabolites are present. PMID- 7323445 TI - The effects of single doses of alkali metal cations on deprivation-induced fluid consumption by rats. AB - The adult, male rat, trained to consume daily fluid intake in a deprivation induced situation, was used to examine the effects of single doses of the monovalent alkali metal cations. Dosages of LiCl (0.25 - 5.0 mEq/kg, i.p.) showed a biphasic action with a threshold at 0.5 mEq/kg and a maximum dipsogenic action of 1 - mEq/kg. In contrast, single doses of NaCl (1.0 - 7.5 mEq/kg, i.p.) showed a continuing dipsogenic effect over the entire dose range. Single doses of KCl (0.25 - 5.0 mEq/kg, i.p.) or RbCl (0.5 - 5.0 mEq/kg, i.p.) had no effect on fluid consumption, while CsCl (0.5 - 2.1 mEq/kg, i.p.) caused decrements in fluid consumption with no clear dose-response relationship. PMID- 7323446 TI - The effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on warfarin excretion and metabolism in the rat. AB - The excretion and metabolism of 14C-warfarin in rats was examined in a crossover experiment, the first phase consisting of treatment with normal saline, the second phase using the same animals given neomycin, bacitracin, and tetracycline orally. Urine and feces were collected every 24 hours for 72 hours and examined for warfarin and its metabolites, both unconjugated and conjugated. Significantly more radioactivity was eliminated in th feces of antibiotic-treated rats. The feces of antibiotic-treated rats contained only trace amounts of beta glucuronidase activity. Urine contained a similar ratio of unconjugated to conjugated radioactivity in both treatment groups, but the antibiotic-treated animals had significantly larger amount of conjugates in their feces. Examination of metabolic profiles of conjugated and unconjugated fractions revealed significantly fewer hydroxylated metabolites in antibiotic-treated rats, especially in the feces. The lower amount of hydroxylative metabolism in attributed to a reduction in gut flora-medicated interohepatic recycling caused by the antibiotics. PMID- 7323447 TI - Intestinal lead absorption in rats: effects of circadian rhythm, food, undernourishment, and drugs which alter gastric emptying and GI motility. AB - In rats, the absorption of a 10 mg/kg oral lead dose was reduced by the presence of food in the intestine. In vitro intestinal lead permeability was similar using intestines from fasted or fed rats. No circadian rhythm was apparent in lead absorption or transport across everted rat intestines in vitro. The effects of feeding and circadian rhythm on lead absorption are different from the effects on calcium absorption. Pretreatment of rats with propantheline (5 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed and decreased lead absorption, whereas metoclopramide (10 mg/kg, o.p.) had no significant effect. Lead absorption in undernourished rats, which were allowed only 20-25% of their normal food intake, was similar to control, but the distribution of systemically administered lead was altered. PMID- 7323448 TI - Metabolism of paraldehyde to acetaldehyde by rat liver microsomes. AB - Paraldehyde (PAL) was shown to be metabolized to acetaldehyde (AcH) by rat liver microsomes in vitro only when the cofactors for the cytochrome P-450 system were present. Microsomes from phenobarbital treated rats significantly increased the amount of AcH produced from PAL. Attempts to inhibit this reaction by addition of SKF-525A to the incubation medium resulted in augmentation of the AcH generated, very likely due to the metabolic deethylation of SKF-525A itself to AcH. Rats pretreated with D-penicillamine and then given PAL excreted 2,5,5 trimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA)-a condensation product of AcH and D-penicillamine-in the urine. These results strongly suggest that PAL is metabolized in vivo by the hepatic microsomal system giving rise to AcH as a metabolite. PMID- 7323449 TI - In vivo sampling and biochemistry of tracheobronchial secretions in the fowl. Influence of sulfurdioxide inhalation. AB - A new method for collecting tracheobronchial secretions from the anesthesized fowl has been developed. Sulfurdioxide inhalation leads to a highly significant increase of mucus output (wet weight), 320 % of control. Glycoprotein output is increased by only 50 %. Thus glycoprotein concentration is lowered to about 1/3 that of the control group. The carbohydrate pattern of the glycoproteins shows no significant alteration after sulfurdioxide treatment. Isoelectric focusing of te glycoprotein subunits derived from papain digestion shows no difference between the macromolecular pattern of the control and SO2 group. PMID- 7323450 TI - Effects of pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion on the isolated canine heart. AB - Isolated canine hearts with a critical stenosis on one coronary artery were perfused for 2 h with blood from supporting dogs using a new roller pump system that can deliver pulsatile or non-pulsatile flow perfusion. Non-pulsatile perfusion caused a decrease in coronary venous oxygen tension of 22% (P less than 0.05) accompanied by increasing carbon dioxide tension of 50% (P less than 0.02). With pulsatile flow coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions remained stable. Non-pulsatile perfusion decreased the coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference by 35% (P less than 0.02), coronary blood flow by 40% (P less than 0.02), and myocardial oxygen consumption by 54% (P less than 0.01) whereas pulsatile flow did not change any of these variables. Subendocardial blood flow distal to the stenosis fell by 0.15 +/- 0.04 ml/min per gram myocardium (mean +/- S.E.M.) (P less than 0.01) during linear perfusion. The endocardial/epicardial flow ratio was less than one and decreased further during fibrillation period indicating underperfusion of the endocardial muscle region. With pulsatile flow subendocardial flow remained unaltered during the two hours of fibrillation. Edema formation was 24% in hearts subjected to non-pulsatile flow but only 14% in hearts perfused by pulsatile perfusion (P less than 0.05). Accordingly, the ischemic area involved 40% of the left ventricle during non-pulsatile flow but 25% of the left ventricle in hearts perfused by pulsatile perfusion (P less than 0.05). The results indicate that pulsatile flow perfusion may prevent severe hemodynamic, hematologic, and metabolic alterations in fibrillating isolated canine hearts. It is suggested that pulsatile perfusion may be useful for fibrillating hearts during open heart surgery. PMID- 7323451 TI - Decreased complement activity after bilateral renal ischemia in rats. AB - The bilateral occlusion of the renal arteries for 2h resulted in a marked decrease of serum complement activity after recirculation. The release of a proteinic factor with anticomplementary activity detectable in vitro in normal kidney supernate is considered a probable cause of the phenomenon. This factor is able to activate the alternative complement pathway in human serum. PMID- 7323452 TI - Experimental model of disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by sustained infusion of endotoxin. AB - Experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was induced by sustained infusion of endotoxin into the femoral vein in rats. The severity of DIC was determined with reference to various parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet count, and number of renal glomeruli having fibrin thrombi. Experimental DIC could be induced by a 4-h sustained infusion of endotoxin in a dose of 100 mg/kg. The DIC induced in rats showed a close resemblance to human DIC as judged from such changes as an elevation in FDP, prolongation of PT and PTT, depression in fibrinogen and platelet count, and increase in glomeruli having fibrin thrombi. This experimental model has an advantage in that severity of DIC can be determined by measuring various parameters. It will be of use in the studies aimed at the establishment of a therapy for DIC as well as in the studies on DIC in rats. PMID- 7323453 TI - Gastric secretion, mucosal erosions and porto-systemic gastrin gradients as influenced by different degrees of stress in the rat. AB - Gastric fistula rats (n = 79) were either left as unstressed (fistula closed) controls or gastric secretion, microcirculation (MBF), mucosal stress ulcers were studied in secretory rats subjected to zero (= freely movements allowed), mild, severe restraint stress for 8 h. In all rats gastrin in portal vein and aorta was measured in addition after discontinuation of either protocol. Acid secretion and MBF are progressively reduced by increasing stress. Pepsin and sodium are elevated with severe, acid concentration with mild stress. Pepsin and sodium are elevated with severe, acid concentration with mild stress. Serum gastrin (controls - aorta 53+/- SEM 5, portal vein 73 +/- 9 pg/ml) rises sharply in portal and systemic blood with institution of acid diversion via the outside (zero stress - 136 +/- 21, 398 +/- 98 pg/ml), but declines with increasing stress (severe stress - 82 +/- 16, 101 +/- 27 pg/ml) despite otherwise identical experimental conditions. It is concluded that (1) acid secretion rate and MBF are lowered by stress, but stress ulcers are associated with either increased acidity (mild stress) or peptic activity (severe stress) of gastric juice in the absence of elevated gastrin, (2) enhanced sodium fluxes via gastric lumen and lower acid suggest disruption if mucosal barrier by severe stress, and (3) restraint stress ulcers may be the expression of a combination of disturbances, mainly of metabolic and endocrine nature. PMID- 7323454 TI - Effect of acetylcholine, gastrin, and glucagon alone and in combination with secretin and cholecystokinin on the secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - Dose-response curves of acetylcholine (ACh), gastrin, and glucagon given alone or in combination with a submaximal dose of secretin (S;' 5.0 U/h) plus cholecystokinin (CCK; 1.0 U/h) were studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. ACh (25 x 10-9 mol/h) increased the basal secretory flow ( mean +/- SEM: 1.19 +/- 0.22 microliter/min) by 693% and protein output (2.7 +/- 0.2 microgram/min) by 1726%. The protein secretion evoked by S plus CCK was further increased by ACh to a maximum of 26% whereas the volume secretion remained unaltered. Gastrin (100 ng/h) stimulated the protein output by 352% and, when combined with S and CCK, up to further 23% and the secretory flow by 37%. Glucagon evoked a significant (P less than 0.005) increase of the protein output, but decreased the volume as well as the protein output (by 43% and 32%, respectively; P less than 0.05) when it was combined with the tested doses of S and CCK. PMID- 7323455 TI - Red blood cell aging as a model to influence pharmacologically the red cell filterability. AB - A method to filter whole blood through 5-micron filters at a pressure of 20 cm column of water and the use of aging red cells as a reproducible procedure to generate rigidified cells is described. The system is sensitive enough to evaluate in pharmacologic screening possible influences of chemical agents on red cell deformability. Investigations with the methylxanthine derivates pentoxifylline and theophylline, the beta-blocker penbutolol and prednisolone, revealed that only the first compound has a dose-dependent effect on red deformability. PMID- 7323456 TI - The influence of a non-specific stimulator of host resistance on the number and morphological characteristics of macrophages attaching to subcutaneously implanted coverslips in the rat. AB - The influence of a preparation (Esberitox) which is claimed to be a non-specific stimulator of host resistance was examined in macrophages attaching to s.c. implanted coverslips in rats. Not only did this preparation significantly increase macrophage numbers but it also very significantly increased the proportion which were stimulated. PMID- 7323457 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum of rats during cholestasis. AB - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (API) in serum of rats during cholestasis are investigated. For comparison different membrane systems in liver are damaged. Proliferation of bile canaliculi, sinusoidal area, and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively, is induced by different toxic conditions. It is found that in cholestasis an API5 in serum arises which is not present in serum of normal rats, but can be detected in normal rat liver. Thus, it is not a de novo synthesis of this API. Under the condition connected with a proliferation of bile canaliculi we find this API5 in serum. Under different conditions without proliferation of bile canaliculi we do not find an increase of this API5. We assume, therefore, that API5 in cholestasis is produced by cells of the bile canaliculi rather than by liver parenchymal cells in the sinusoidal area. No difference is found in intra- or extrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 7323458 TI - Diacetoxyscirpenol toxicity in pigs. AB - Purified diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) mycotoxin fed to growing pigs at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 9 ppm for as long as nine weeks caused several lesions at all levels. The pigs developed multifocal, proliferative, gingival, buccal and lingual lesions. The small intestine had both glandular and mucosal cell hyperplasia. No other lesions were seen at necropsy or in any of the 19 tissues examined microscopically using haematoxylin and eosin stain. A one-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decreased ration consumption and weight gain at all levels of DAS. Total ration refusal occurred at 10 ppm of DAS. There was no effect on the packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, total red blood cell count, total white blood cell count, 300 cell differential, terminal bone marrow smears or on the serum levels of aspartate transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase at any level of DAS. Based on the gross and microscopic lesions, decreased ration consumption and decreased weight gain the no-effect level was less than 2 ppm of DAS in the ration. PMID- 7323459 TI - Changes in plasma pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in sows after eating and atropine. AB - Changes in plasma gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and pulse rate were examined in three adult female pigs in which venous cannulae had been placed and in two of which arterial cannulae allowed sampling of arterial blood or recording of pulse rate. Gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and pulse rate increased when the pigs ate after fasting overnight. Pancreatic polypeptide was reduced to or below resting levels following administration of atropine (25, 50 or 100 micrograms/kg intravenously) after which gastrin remained at about its previous levels or rose and pulse rates rose. It is concluded that in the pig, as in other species, there is a cholinergic muscarinic (atropine sensitive) mechanism contributing both to postprandial increases of pancreatic polypeptide and of gastrin. PMID- 7323460 TI - Immunoglobulins in abomasal fluids of aborted and unaborted bovine fetuses. PMID- 7323461 TI - Influence of temperature on the growth in cell culture of malignant catarrhal fever virus. AB - The growth characteristics of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus in bovine thyroid cultures were affected by incubation temperature. The cytopathic effect at 37 degrees C was predominantly syncytial and little or no cell-free virus could be detected. At 32 degrees to 34 degrees C foci of rounded refractile cells were observed, and this was accompanied by an increase in the amount of cell-free virus found in culture fluids. Growth curve studies with one low passage isolate of MCF virus showed that optimum yields of cell-free virus were obtained at 32 degrees to 34 degrees C and survival curves at 32 degrees and 37 degrees C indicated that this was a result of the relatively short half life of the virus at the higher temperature. A number of other benefits resulted from the use of lowered incubation temperature and these are discussed with reference to in vitro work with the virus. PMID- 7323462 TI - Serological and bacteriological survey of leptospiral infection in pigs in southern England. AB - A total of 597 pigs were examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. The sample comprised 189 porkers, 205 baconers and 203 sows. Sera were tested against 17 antigens from 16 serogroups and the overall prevalence of titres was 15.7 per cent. The lowest prevalence of titres was found in porkers (10.0 per cent). The highest prevalence of titres to an individual antigen was recorded with bratislava, a member of the Australis serogroup, with 12.2 per cent of pigs positive. Copenhageni titres were present in 1.8 per cent of the sera and sporadic titres were recorded to various other antigens. Leptospires were isolated from five pigs. Four isolates were identified as belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and one to the Hebdomadis serogroup. The serological to bacteriological ratio for the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup was 11:4. The virtual absence of titres to pomona and tarassovi, the two serovars most commonly maintained by porcine populations in other countries, confirms the results of earlier serological surveys. PMID- 7323463 TI - In vitro activity of tiamulin against bovine respiratory tract mycoplasmas. PMID- 7323464 TI - Cardiovascular and renal effects of enflurane and halothane in the dog. AB - A comparison between the effects of increasing concentrations of enflurane and halothane on cardiovascular and renal function in the artificially ventilated dog showed that both agents produced myocardial depression which was directly related to the concentration administered. Depression was more marked, and occurred at a lower minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) value with enflurane. No significant difference was found between the effects of the two agents on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renal vascular resistance or urine production at anaesthetic concentrations of 1 MAC. However, there was evidence of sudden depression of renal function as concentrations of enflurane were raised above 1 MAC, but with halothane a similar deterioration did not appear until the concentration of the inhalational agent reached 2 MAC. PMID- 7323465 TI - Absorption of colostral IgG1 by the newborn lamb: influence of the length of gestation, birthweight and thyroid function. AB - The relationships between the length of gestation, the birthweight, thyroid and adrenocortical function, and the absorption of colostral IgG1 were studied in 18 Romanov lambs born spontaneously between 135 and 145 days of gestation. All the lambs were bottle-fed in accurately standardised conditions with a bovine colostrum pool. Negative relationships were observed between the maximum plasma IgG1 levels and the length of gestation, the birthweight, or the plasma thyreostimulin levels near birth and between the times at which the maximum plasma IgG1 levels occurred and the length of gestation, or the plasma thyroxine levels near birth. The half-lives of bovine IgG1 in the plasma of the lambs were also related to the plasma thyroxine level at birth. These results suggest that maturity of the newborn lamb, assessed by the length of gestation and the hormonal status, could greatly influence the acquisition and maintenance of colostral immunity. PMID- 7323466 TI - Regulation of humoral immunity in the piglet by immunoglobulins of maternal origin. PMID- 7323467 TI - Weight and ascorbic acid content of the adrenal glands in pigs. AB - The weight and ascorbic acid (AA) content of the adrenal glands was measured in pigs with carcase weights ranging from about 10 to 100 kg. Appropriate conditions for the removal and storage of glands without loss of AA were also investigated. No AA was lost from adrenals kept at 4 degrees C for 24 hours after removal and frozen glands could be stored for six weeks at -14 degrees C with no loss of AA. Resting in lairage for 16 hours before slaughter was sufficient time to allow recovery of adrenal AA depleted by stress. No significant differences were found between Large White and Large White cross Landrace pigs for adrenal weight or AA content, however, the pure bred animals tended to have slightly lighter adrenals. In 86.2 per cent of pigs the left gland was heavier than the right and on average left glands were 10.9 per cent heavier. AA concentration was 5.6 per cent higher in the right glands. The concentration of AA remained more or less constant with increasing body size while the relative adrenal gland weight decreased. PMID- 7323468 TI - Microscopic study of increased vascular permeability and leucocyte emigration in the chicken wing web. AB - The components of an acute inflammatory response in the chicken were investigated using a combination of histological and colloidal carbon techniques. The experimental model was the inflammatory reaction induced by the subcutaneous injection of turpentine or carrageenin into the wing web. Increased vascular permeability was shown to be mainly venular in origin. There did not appear to be an ordered migration of heterophils and monocytes and the process was unrelated to altered vascular permeability. Special features distinct from acute mammalian inflammation included a basophilic response, giant cell formation and the development of perivascular lymphoid foci. PMID- 7323469 TI - Haematological and biochemical effects of a single intramuscular dose of 6 alpha methylprednisolone acetate in the dog. PMID- 7323470 TI - Investigations on Babesia motasi isolated from Wales. AB - A number of observations were carried out on the effect of the newly isolated parasite, Babesia motasi (Wales) on intact and splenectomised sheep and on a splenectomised goat. The parasite was not pathogenic for intact animals but caused fever and anaemia in splenectomised ones. B motasi (Wales) was also studied morphologically, morphometrically and serologically. The common form of the parasite was seen to be a double pyriform, the mean length of one side being 2.23 micrometer. It appeared to be morphometrically and serologically close to the other north European B motasi strains but distinct from B motasi (Turkey). In a limited serological survey, experience of infection with B motasi appeared to be common in sheep grazing in coastal areas of North Wales, but rare in a part of South Wales known to harbour the vector tick Haemaphysalis punctata. Transovarial transmission of B motasi by H punctata took place with facility. PMID- 7323471 TI - Electronic counting of dog leucocytes. Discrepancies arising from calibration with Coulter standard 4C and with the haemocytometer. AB - The size distributions of leucocytes in canine blood and in standard 4C are markedly different. The use of 4C to calibrate Coulter counters may result in the selection of a threshold setting for canine leucocytes which is too high. Repeated hand counting may be used as a method of calibration, but regular discrepancies occur between hand and electronic counts which are attributable to the differing lytic actions of the diluents used, acetic acid having a more marked effect than commercial Zapoglobin. Canine leucocytes did not show significantly increased lysis when subjected to Zapoglobin at approximately four times the standard concentration, but did do so on exposure to the standard concentration for longer than five minutes. The degree of discrepancy between hand and electronic counts varied in individual dogs suggesting that there is an inconstant leucocyte subpopulation which behaves differently in response to different lytic agents. PMID- 7323472 TI - Efficacy of thiabendazole, levamisole hydrochloride and the major natural avermectins against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7323473 TI - Biological activity of some novel benzimidazole anthelmintics. PMID- 7323474 TI - Bacterial endotoxins and the pathogenesis of fatty liver--haemorrhagic syndrome in the laying hen. AB - A high energy maize diet produced a higher incidence of fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome than a low energy barley diet when the diets were fed during the summer. The triglyceride content of the liver increased with the liver haemorrhage score and in hens with the highest scores there was evidence of hepatic hyperplasia. They also had high activities of aspartate transaminase and cholinesterase in the plasma and a low activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase. There was no increase in plasma endotoxin levels as the syndrome developed or any significant variation in these levels with the haemorrhage score, the triglyceride content of the liver or plasma enzyme activities. It was concluded that the steatosis does not impair the ability of the liver to inactivate endotoxins of enteric bacteria and that these toxins are not involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. PMID- 7323475 TI - [A case of sick sinus syndrome with gap phenomenon due to conduction delay in His bundle and alternating intraventricular aberrant conduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323476 TI - [Isolated tricuspid valvular insufficiency due to infective endocarditis in ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323477 TI - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in 30-years old adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323479 TI - [Pulmonary diffusing capacity and uneven distribution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323478 TI - [Pulmonary mechanics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323480 TI - [Relationships between cardiac stimulation threshold and electric-current stimulation-shape (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323481 TI - [Diagnosis of the left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with M-mode and corss-sectional echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323482 TI - [Changes in serum enzyme activities after mitral valve replacement - comparison with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323483 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of combined isosorbide dinitrate-nifedipine therapy in congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323484 TI - [Influence of the residual stenosis of right ventricular outflow tract on the hemodynamical and fluid dynamical parameters in corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323485 TI - [Automatic pressure limited extra-corporeal circulation (APLEC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323486 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of left atrium to aorta bypass (LA-AO LVB) in mechanical assistance of the failing heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323487 TI - Oxygen permeability of the shell and membranes of chicken eggs during development. AB - Oxygen permeability (KO2) was measured through the shell and shell membranes of chicken eggs throughout incubation. Shell KO2 was constant at 1.90 x 10(-6) cm3 O2 STP . sec-1 . cm-2 . Torr-1. Outer shell membrane KO2 was constant at 1.78 x 10(-6) cm3 O2 STP . sec-1 . cm-2 . Torr-1. Inner membrane KO2 increased from 0.11 x 10(-6) cm3 O2 STP . sec-1 . cm-2. Torr-1 to 1.56 x 10(-6) cm3 O2 STP . sec-1 . cm-2 . Torr-1. Calculations of KO2 from oxygen uptake rates and air cell PO2's were in close agreement with direct measurement of KO2. Resistance to oxygen flux was partitioned at each level. The outer membrane added 6% to the resistance of the shell. The inner membrane initially accounted for 88% of the shell/membrane complex resistance, but fell to 12% of the resistance by the end of incubation. The hypothesis is discussed that the increased permeability of the inner membrane is related to the evaporation of water from the membrane surface. The possibility is rejected that the shell membranes may be potential sites for respiratory adaptation to incubation at altitude. PMID- 7323488 TI - Trapped gas and lung hysteresis. AB - The amount of gas trapped in excised rat lungs was determined after four inflation-deflation cycles between total lung capacity (TLC) and several end expiratory volumes or end-expiratory pressures. Lungs ventilated in this way exhibited pressure-volume curves that formed closed loops with varying degrees of hysteresis. The area of these loops was highly correlated with the amount of gas trapped in the lungs. Trapped gas volume and hysteresis increased with deflation to increasingly lower end-expiratory volumes or pressures. The processes responsible for lung hysteresis, however, seem to be primarily dependent upon end expiratory pressure and only slightly dependent upon end-expiratory volume. A possible explanation of these findings is that menisci, formed in the small airways of the lung during deflation at low lung volumes, are responsible for both the trapped gas and the pressure-volume hysteresis of the lung. PMID- 7323489 TI - Interpretation of inert gas retention and excretion in the presence of stratified inhomogeneity. AB - The effects of diffusion limitation in alveolar space (stratification) for inert gas retention and excretion by lungs with log-normal VA/Q distribution are calculated using the approach of Scheid et al. (Respir. Physiol. 44, 299-309, 1981). Since gases used in the multiple inert gas elimination technique have widely varying molecular weights (between 30 and 197), and therefore varying diffusivities, the effects of stratification are different for each gas. The result is a perturbation in the recovered VA/Q distributions that is calculated neglecting stratification effects. Application to inert gas elimination data obtained in the anesthetized rat by Truog et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 47, 1112 1117, 1979) yields a value for the diffusion resistance in alveolar gas which would give rise to a PO2 difference of 5 Torr, suggesting that stratification may exert a significant limitation to pulmonary O2 transfer in rats. PMID- 7323490 TI - The effects of angiotensin on respiratory patterns of anaesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of a pressor dose of angiotensin II on the respiratory pattern of chloralose anaesthetized mongrel dogs was studied. In addition, since the hypertensive action of angiotensin II stimulates baroreflex pathways, the effects on breathing of baroreceptor stimulation were examined using aortic balloon inflation and i.v. phenylephrine. In the baroreceptor-denervated dog, i.v. angiotensin II was associated with a reduction in both inspiratory and expiratory time while both inspiration and expiration proceeded more quickly. Thus breathing became deeper and more rapid. Most of these effects of angiotensin II were opposite to the effects of hypertension caused by phenylephrine and aortic balloon inflation. These two forms of hypertension caused an increase in inspiratory and expiratory time, a decrease in the rate at which inspiration proceeded and a fall in tidal volume. These effects were not seen in baroreceptor denervated animals. In the intact dog angiotensin II caused a marked vagal dependent fall in tidal volume and inspiratory time while the rates at which inspiration and expiration proceeded were unaffected. It is concluded that angiotensin II has three independent effects on respiration. These are a respiratory depressant effect due to stimulation of baroreflex pathways by its pressor action, a 'central' stimulatory effect and an effect on the vagal control of inspiratory time. PMID- 7323491 TI - Sleep-related apneic and apneustic breathing following pneumotaxic lesion and vagotomy. AB - Sleep-wakefulness state was found to be a crucial determinant of respiratory pattern in chronic cats with bilateral lesions of the rostral pontine pneumotaxic complex (PC). Lesions resulted in increased TE, TI, and VT in all sleep and waking states. Several state-specific respiratory effects were also observed: (1) comparatively eupneic breathing during alert wakefulness (WI); (2) greatly increased TE in slow wave sleep (SWS); (3) decreased TE during rapid eye movement sleep (REM), relative to SWS; (4) increased tendency for prolonged TI (brief apneusis) during REM. Bilateral vagotomy at 2-5 weeks after PC lesion exaggerated these effects and caused distinct apneusis during REM. The results confirm that the PC is not essential for the occurrence of either rhythmic breathing or for expression of state changes in respiration, although the effects of the PC on breathing in the intact cat may vary as a function of sleep-wakefulness state. It is suggested that other regulatory systems that influence the central respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) are similarly modulated by state, and that variations in respiratory pattern observed following PC lesion and vagotomy are the result of state-dependent changes in the balance between multiple inputs to the RRG. PMID- 7323492 TI - Effect of bronchoconstriction on the firing behavior of pulmonary stretch receptors. AB - To study the effect of bronchoconstriction on the activity of pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs), acetylcholine aerosols (0.05% solution) were delivered continuously into the lungs while the afferent activity of a single PSR was recorded from a filament of the vagus nerve. The relationship between the PSR frequency (fPSR) and the transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was examined during both constant volume ventilation and hyperinflation. During bronchoconstriction, the peak fPSR for the same tidal volume increased significantly (P less than 0.05) compared to the control response obtained with saline aerosols. However, the fPSR at functional residual capacity decreased in the receptors above the carina but increased in those below. Bronchoconstriction induced a hysteresis in the dynamic Ptp-fPSR relationship during hyperinflation in 11 out of the 21 receptors studied: a clockwise hysteresis was found in those receptors above the carina whereas a counterclockwise one in those below. Results of these studies suggest that the response of PSRs to bronchoconstriction depends on their locations in the tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 7323493 TI - The effect on breathing of abruptly stopping carotid body discharge. AB - In bilaterally vagotomized, decerebrate or pentobarbitone anaesthetized cats, intense carotid body discharge (FET O2 ca. 0.075) was abruptly removed by injections centrally of 100% O2-equilibrated Ringer into both external carotid arteries. In an inspiration the injections usually shortened that inspiration, reduced its volume and prolonged the immediately following expiration. Early in expiration they prolonged that expiration, but later in expiration they shortened it. The inspiratory results can be reconciled with von Euler's model of the inspiratory off-switch if the off-switch acts early because a reduction in chemoreceptor input lowers its threshold more rapidly than it reduces the input to it. The threshold falls to half of its final value in about one second. The respiratory centres respond to decreases in carotid body activity nearly as quickly as to increases, and expiration can be altered independently of the preceding inspiration. We present a simple model of the control of expiratory duration. PMID- 7323494 TI - Role of carotid chemoreflex in respiratory acclimatization to hypoxemia in goat and sheep. AB - The role of the carotid body chemoreflex in the ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia was studied in the unanesthetized goat and sheep. The time-cours of changes in ventilation, PCO2, pH and PO2 of arterial blood and cisternal fluid (CF) were measured before and following exposure to a simulated altitude of 3660 5000 m, with and without intact carotid sinus nerves. At sea level, after section of carotid sinus nerves most animals hypoventilated chronically, and developed mild arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Upon exposure to acute hypoxia, all of the intact animals hyperventilated and CF pH increased from 7.310 to 7.380 whereas after chemodenervation, the increase in ventilation was small and delayed, and CF pH decreased from 7.285 to 7.143. During exposure of the intact animals to chronic hypoxia, hyperventilation accompanied by decreases in arterial and CF P CO2 reached its peak in two days; these changes partially subsided during the next few days. Partial compensation of respiratory alkalosis occurred during the first day. In contrast, several chemodenervated animals died during chronic hypoxia; the survivors showed either a small decrease or an increase in Pa CO2. Thus, an intact peripheral chemoreflex drive during hypoxia is necessary for ventilatory acclimatization which raises the arterial and presumably tissue PO2 in spite of alkalosis. The new proposal is that a central tissue metabolic acidosis resulting from a direct effect of acute hypoxia is partly compensated as hypoxia is prolonged. This central compensation decreases ventilatory drive and hence opposes the ventilatory acclimatization during chronic hypoxia initiated by the peripheral chemoreflexes. PMID- 7323495 TI - Acute mountain sickness and the edemas of high altitude: a common pathogenesis? AB - Within days of ascent to high altitude when symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common, pulmonary and cerebral edema may also develop. Although peripheral edema of the hands, face or feet may also appear, its association with AMS is unclear. In addition, persons with high altitude pulmonary edema often report an antidiuresis. Hence, altitude sickness appears to result from abnormalities in the handling of body water. To test this hypothesis, we studied 102 men and women who were trekking in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. Most were seen both at low (1377 m) and at high (4243 m) altitude. Severity of AMS was measured by an established Symptom Score derived from a questionnaire and physical examination. Change in body water was inferred from change in body weight in less than 10 days. Peripheral edema was assessed separately by physical examination. AMS Symptom Score correlated directly with weight change; those who remained well lost weight, whereas increasing signs and symptoms of AMS occurred in those with increasing weight gain. The symptomatic subjects also developed peripheral edema and reported decreased urinary output. These findings support the hypothesis that with rapid ascent to high altitude, abnormalities in the handling of body water, with antidiuresis, result in fluid retention (weight gain) manifest as peripheral, pulmonary, and/or cerebral edema. PMID- 7323496 TI - Inert gas exchange of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal gas pockets in piglets. AB - Subcutaneous and peritoneal tissue conductances for inert gases were measured in anesthetized Yorkshire piglets. Conductance spanned at least a 50-fold range in both subcutaneous and peritoneal tissues and showed the order: sulfur hexafluoride less than helium, neon less than ethylene less than nitrous oxide. Determination of conductance by measurement of composition changes within the gas space rather than the rate of pocket disappearance was particularly advantageous for the study of rapidly absorbed gases. Also, the simultaneous breathing of several inert gases substantially reduced interindividual variation by use of a reference gas. This study contains the first description of peritoneal gas exchange, including an estimate of effective peritoneal blood flow under conditions similar to laparoscopy. The critical role of diffusivity for discrimination between film and penetration models is discussed. More definitive modeling requires in vitro determination of tissue gas solubility and diffusivity. PMID- 7323497 TI - [Immunologic processes in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7323498 TI - [History of the Rheumatological Institute I. The years 1948-1961]. PMID- 7323499 TI - [Effect of histamine on collagen production in the late phase of in vitro growth of human fibroblasts]. PMID- 7323500 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in collagen diseases]. PMID- 7323501 TI - [Cervical spine changes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7323502 TI - [Anatomical characteristics of the lumbar spine in patients with intervertebral disk displacement]. PMID- 7323503 TI - E.R.A. in neonates. PMID- 7323504 TI - [Electrophonic hearing in a group of normal subjects]. PMID- 7323505 TI - Acquisition and processing of audiometric data (tympanometry, stapedial reflex). PMID- 7323506 TI - [Enunciation and therapeutic aspects of language: the impact of theories in human sciences]. PMID- 7323507 TI - [Role of games in the psychological development of the child]. PMID- 7323508 TI - [Use of games in speech therapy]. PMID- 7323509 TI - [Games and therapies]. PMID- 7323510 TI - [Sulcus glottides]. PMID- 7323511 TI - [An experience with the rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients]. PMID- 7323512 TI - Epidemiologic perspective of diarrheal disease in Costa Rica and current efforts in control, prevention, and research. PMID- 7323513 TI - Lamanema chavezi, an enterohepatic nematode of South American Camelidae and its control using levamisole. PMID- 7323514 TI - [Salmonellas isolated in Uruguay from non-human sources]. PMID- 7323515 TI - [Virological studies in a cell line derived from human cervical cancer]. PMID- 7323516 TI - [Post operative hypoxemia in mitral valve surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323517 TI - [Inactivation of Cysticercus cellulosae in pork by freezing (author' s transl)]. PMID- 7323518 TI - [Longterm effects of amiodarone in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323519 TI - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and multiple endocrine neoplasia type II-B (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323520 TI - [Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II-B (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323522 TI - [Bronchial hypersensitivity and reversibility: its importance in asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323521 TI - [Medical treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323523 TI - [Bronchial hypersensitivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323524 TI - [Reversibility of bronchial obstruction in asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323525 TI - [High density lipoproteins (HDL) atheroma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323526 TI - [Antenatal diagnosis of fetal urinary tract malformations by echography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323527 TI - [Postoperative instillation of an antibiotic solution in abdominal incisions for colectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323528 TI - [Prophylaxis of wound infection by peroperative lavage with antimicrobial agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323529 TI - [The Vickers surgical isolator in bone surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323530 TI - [Statistical data on abortions performed in 1979 in a Belgian out-patient clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323531 TI - [Participation of the general practitioner in anti-cancer treatment]. PMID- 7323532 TI - [Prevention of premature labor and of its complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323533 TI - [Defense and illustration of biological levels]. PMID- 7323534 TI - [Comparative activity of cephalosporins in relation to their pharmacokinetic properties]. PMID- 7323535 TI - [Coronary spasm induced by ergonovine maleate]. PMID- 7323536 TI - [The effect of age on glucose tolerance]. PMID- 7323537 TI - [Special features of diabetes in the aged person]. PMID- 7323538 TI - [Physical and orthopedic treatment of structural scoliosis of medium importance]. PMID- 7323539 TI - [Information management in the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry of the University of Liege]. PMID- 7323540 TI - [The general practitioner in psychiatric emergencies. (Introduction)]. PMID- 7323541 TI - [Semiology and clinical findings in psychiatric emergencies]. PMID- 7323542 TI - [The general practitioner and psychiatric emergencies]. PMID- 7323543 TI - [Psychotherapeutic intervention in emotional break-downs]. PMID- 7323544 TI - [Toxic megacolon]. PMID- 7323545 TI - [Thorough understanding and rehabilitation of the operated hip]. PMID- 7323546 TI - [Limping following surgery of the hip]. PMID- 7323547 TI - [Current place of mastography among exploratory methods of the mammary gland]. PMID- 7323548 TI - [Rickets. Classification and treatment]. PMID- 7323549 TI - [The hazards of bed rest in the elderly]. PMID- 7323550 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm in an active population. Group of experts assembled by the European Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the WHO]. PMID- 7323552 TI - [Beta-blockers in the treatment of migraine]. PMID- 7323551 TI - [The treatment of essential tremor with propranolol]. PMID- 7323553 TI - [Cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 7323554 TI - [Hematuria and cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 7323555 TI - [Cancers of the kidney in 1981]. PMID- 7323556 TI - [Urologic complications in gynecological cancers and their therapy]. PMID- 7323557 TI - [Recent aspects in the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancers]. PMID- 7323558 TI - [Health professions in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg: growth, regional inequalities and interprofessional equilibrium]. PMID- 7323559 TI - [Toward medical humanism]. PMID- 7323560 TI - [Aging of eyes and ambiant temperatures]. PMID- 7323561 TI - [Perinatal mortality and morbidity. How to manage the decrease]. PMID- 7323562 TI - [Anticancer research]. PMID- 7323563 TI - [Quality control in gynecologic and obstetrical surgery]. PMID- 7323564 TI - [Feasibility criteria for Patey's axillary mastectomy]. PMID- 7323565 TI - [Early amniocentesis: answers for the practitioner]. PMID- 7323566 TI - [Bilateral tubal pregnancy: a case of superfetation?]. PMID- 7323567 TI - [Failure of Yoon ring tubal sterilization]. PMID- 7323568 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium while undergoing contraceptive treatment with medroxyprogesterone]. PMID- 7323569 TI - [Rare localization of endometriosis and diagnostic difficulties. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7323570 TI - [Alcoholic disability in industry]. PMID- 7323571 TI - [Cerebral psychophysiology: contingent negative variation and its application in psychology and psychopathology]. PMID- 7323572 TI - [Is there a relation between depression and hypertension?]. PMID- 7323573 TI - [Necrotic aspects of multiple sclerosis and Schilder's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Two anatomo-clinical cases of a necrotic form of demyelinating disease are reported. The disease occurred in two women, had a late onset (patient were about 50 years old) and had a relapsing-remitting course during more than 10 years. The CSF displayed a high protein level over 125 mg/100 ml whereas the gamma-globulin level was normal. The anatomical study found symmetrical cavitations involving both hemispheres and optic tracts with clear-cut limits. Axons and myelin were both destroyed, only the vascular network being partially spared. At the lesion's border-line mononuclear cell infiltrates as well as some phagocytes with sudanophilic inclusions were found. The scarcity of the compound granular corpuscules suggest an old pathological process. A narrow zone of myelin-axonal dissociation was also observed. Astrocytic proliferations was unimportant. Blood vessels were normal. In one case plaques of multiple sclerosis were found in the spinal cord. Those two cases are unusual forms of a diffuse disseminated sclerosis: multiple sclerosis and Schilder's disease are considered as two anatomo-clinical variants of the same pathological process. The observed necrotic lesions are different from the acute necrotic forms of multiple sclerosis as the latter have rapidly developed. The long lasting course of the disease, over 10 years, allowed a complete resolution of the lesions explaining the cavitations. The late onset of the disease and the CSF high protein level are pointed out. The significant of the high protein level and normal gammaglobulin level in the CSF is discussed. PMID- 7323574 TI - [Contribution of continuous emission Doppler examination to the assessment of internal carotid artery permeability (author's transl)]. AB - Results of continuous emission directional Doppler examinations of 325 internal carotid arteries in 210 patients were compared with angiographic data. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were considered, and more particularly the predictive value of the Doppler examination for the diagnosis of obstruction and for assessing the permeability of the internal carotid arteries. The present work confirms that the Doppler examination is not valid for the diagnosis of non obstructive emboligenic lesions of the artery, but is of definite value for determining the presence or absence of obstruction in nearly 100 p. cent of the cases. This excellent reliability suggests that Doppler examination should take place in planned investigations allowing to perform carotid angiography with less risks and a maximum therapeutic efficiency. PMID- 7323575 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome, amyloid tenosynovitis and periodic hemodialysis]. AB - Since 1975, various entrapment neuropathies have been reported in patients undergoing periodic haemodialysis, the most frequent being the carpal tunnel syndrome. Ten patients on chronic haemodialysis developing 15 carpal tunnel syndromes (5 unilateral and 5 bilateral) are reported. Various causes for the renal failure were present and clinical signs of the carpal tunnel syndrome developed at a late stage. The arteriovenous fistula required for extrarenal epuration was antebrachial and of the laterolateral type, except in one case when it was lateroterminal. The carpal tunnel syndrome was always on the same side as the fistula, developing at a later stage on th contralateral side in the 5 cases of bilateral disorders. Lesions were severe, in 11 of the 15 cases. Some patients noted fluctuations in pain symptoms during haemodialysis, either improving or becoming worse. Gross pathological findings during operation (13 cases) were tenosynovitis with epineural hypervascularisation on the opposite side. In 9 cases, however, atypical hypertrophic tenosynovitis was observed. Histological examination in 12 cases demonstrated typical tenosynovitis in 3 patients, but granulomatous tenosynovitis with amyloid deposits was reported in 9 patients. Lesions were bilateral in 2 cases thus present, on the side opposite to the fistula. Ultrastructural study confirmed the amyloid nature of the deposits in 3 cases, the microfibrillary appearance (80 to 100 A) being characteristic of amyloid substance. This rare complication does not represent a common carpal tunnel syndrome, and three mechanisms may be involved in its induction : peripheral uraemic neuropathy, haemodynamic modifications resulting from the antebrachial arteriovenous shunt, and amyloid formation in the flexor synovial sheaths. In the latter case, the type of amyloid disease may be a primary systemic amyloidosis not previously detected, or an elective amyloid process localised to the tenosynovial and periarticular tissues. PMID- 7323576 TI - [Selective paralysis of downward gaze with permanent conjugated upwards deviation : report of a new case (author's transl)]. AB - Permanent upward conjugated ocular deviations are exceptional in conscious subjects : 8 cases only have been reported. They are always associated with a more or less selective paralysis of downward gaze. A further case is reported, with results of oculographic and computed tomography examinations. The latter showed a median or bilateral lesion at the diencephalo-mesencephalic junction. The mechanism provoking the deviation was clarified by studying vestibular movements which appeared abnormally ample and rapid. The authors suggest that the deviation of the eyes could result from this release of movements of vestibular origin, which can only be expressed as upwards movements because of complete paralysis of all lowering movements. PMID- 7323577 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects in aspiration pneumonia: experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7323578 TI - [Surgical technic for correction of inverted nipples]. PMID- 7323579 TI - [Measurement of duodenogastric reflux: standardization of a new technic with I 131 labeled sulfobromophthalein]. PMID- 7323580 TI - [Metabolic alkalosis: treatment with amino acid solutions containing arginine hydrochloride]. PMID- 7323581 TI - [Comparative study of 2 drug administration schedules in the preparation of the intestine for colorectal surgery]. PMID- 7323582 TI - [Total gastrectomy: Lefevre's technic]. PMID- 7323583 TI - [Automated management of the Center of Transfusion Blood Bank equipped with Autogrouper 16 C]. AB - We describe in this paper a first processing of direct connection and data management from the Autogrouper 16 C. It bas been used since November 1980 in the Centre Departemental de Tranfusion Sanguine des Hauts-de-Seine. The automation of validation procedures, updating blood donors' file and labelling blood units allows the suppression of clerical errors that are the major cause of Trannsfusion accidents. The progressive development of programming lets a good adaptation of working methods and makes the setting of the system much easier in the Blood Bank. PMID- 7323584 TI - [Contribution to the study of antigen HBs in apparently healthy subjects in Mali]. PMID- 7323586 TI - [Splenic implantation in spleen injuries]. AB - Three patients with splenic autotransplantation are reported. The 3 of them had suffered abdominal trauma and splenectomy was carried out due to splenic rupture. The technic was to suture a 1 cm2 of splenic tissue to the splenic area with 2-0 chromic catgut. The planned goals were accomplished: the viability of the splenic tissue, its growth and the lack of postoperative complications. We believe this is a good surgical procedure the enlarges the surgeon's armamentarium in the management of splenic traumatisms. PMID- 7323585 TI - [The dehumanization of medicine]. PMID- 7323587 TI - [Endoscopic cholangiography in the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic pancreatocholangiography in a group of patients having undergone surgical operations on bile ducts. This is a retrospective study including 64 patients in whom cholocystectomy was performed both with or without previous exploration of bile ducts. Forty five of these patients were jaundiced and 20 had abdominal pain as main symptoms. Forty nine were females and 15 males, their ages ranging between 18 and 80 years. The canulation of Vate's ampulla and the adequate darkening of the bile ducts was achieved in every case and the cholangiography showed recidual or recurring lithiasis in 75 per cent of the cases; in 67 per cent there was postsurgical stenosis of bile ducts; remnant cystic duct in 74.8 per cent; stenosis of Oddi's sphincter in 50.9 per cent, and in 13.3 a diagnosis of cholestasis was established. This procedure was quite useful in order to establish the correct diagnosis in this group of patients having a postcholecystectomy syndrome. PMID- 7323588 TI - [Structural changes in the digestive tract after jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 7323589 TI - [Anoxic hypothermic (20 degrees) heart arrest and mitochondrial enzyme changes]. PMID- 7323590 TI - [Systolic variables of the left ventricle determined by the curve of the 1st derivative of the carotid pulse wave - study in normal subjects]. PMID- 7323591 TI - [Past and present of a professor of medicine]. PMID- 7323592 TI - [Gastric mucormycosis associated with antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 7323593 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Results]. PMID- 7323594 TI - [Chondrogenic activity of perichondrial grafts and flaps formation of plain and molded cartilage. Experimental study]. PMID- 7323595 TI - [Urinary salmonellosis. Report of 7 cases]. PMID- 7323596 TI - [Optic neuritis following a spider bite. Report of a case]. PMID- 7323597 TI - [Carcinoid tumor (apudoma) of the junction of the main hepatic ducts]. PMID- 7323598 TI - [Prevalence of rubella antibodies in a portion of the female population, pregnant and non-pregnant women, in Goiania]. PMID- 7323599 TI - [Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) in Muridae trapped in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7323600 TI - [Serum scorpion antivenin in inhabitants of an endemic region of scorpionism in Mexico]. PMID- 7323601 TI - [Activation of the alternative complement pathway by promastigotes of Leishmania donovani]. PMID- 7323602 TI - [Determination of total hemolytic complement and C3 component in patients with meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 7323603 TI - [Susceptibility of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) from Belo Horizonte to infection by various strains of Schistosoma mansoni]. PMID- 7323604 TI - [Ultrastructural lesions of the brain in albino mice experimentally inoculated with Piry virus (BeAn 24232)]. PMID- 7323605 TI - [Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in mice. II - Intraperitoneal infection after previous sensitization]. PMID- 7323606 TI - [Susceptibility of populations of biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) from Minas Gerais, to Schistosoma mansoni infection]. PMID- 7323607 TI - [Epidemiologic role of healthy carriers of Staphylococcus aureus as source of infection]. PMID- 7323608 TI - [Intracardiac thrombosis of the right ventricle caused by Candida (candidiasis endocarditis). Report of a case]. PMID- 7323609 TI - [Semeiologic analysis of the educational poster, the Schistosomiasis Cycle]. PMID- 7323610 TI - Failure to measure plasma activated factor XIII during disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - The search for activated products of coagulation factors in blood is of considerable clinical interest because its detection would indicate activation of the clotting system. Factor XIII circulates as inactive zymogen and becomes enzymatically active after thrombin or factor Xa activation. Employing an amine incorporating system, activated factor XIII was measured in normal and pathological plasma from leukemic patients with overt laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Only traces of the activated factor were detected in both normal and DIC plasma. The method, sensitive and specific, as shown by the results of measurements on the plasma of 8 patients with congenital deficiency and on normal serum, did not prove to be useful for detecting pathological in vivo thrombin generation. PMID- 7323611 TI - A simple method for sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of monoclonal components. PMID- 7323612 TI - Intracellular collagen fibres in regenerating tendon. AB - Intracytoplasmic collagen fibres contained in elongated membrane-bound structures were observed in fibroblasts of regenerating tendon in the later stages of the repair process. The observations appear to support the hypothesis that collagen fibres of the intercellular matrix may be phagocytosed by the cells and degraded in the intracellular environment. Phagocytosis of extracellular collagen fibres probably represents an additional mechanism of collagen resorption during the later stages of remodelling of the regenerating tendon. PMID- 7323613 TI - Amniotic fluid testosterone and fetal sex determination (discussion of the endocrine function of the fetal testis). AB - Amniotic fluid testosterone levels were determined by the radioimmunoassay technique in 101 samples obtained by amniocentesis between 16 and 18 weeks of gestation from women with increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Fetal sex was determined by cell culture and chromosomal analysis of fetal amniotic cells and was confirmed at birth. In pregnancies with male fetuses (50 samples), the mean amniotic fluid testosterone level of 216 pg/ml (+/- 75) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the mean value of 93 pg/ml (+/- 28) found in pregnancies with female fetuses (51 samples). The range for pregnancies with male fetuses was 130 to 500 pg/ml and for those with female fetuses 10 to 140 pg/ml, showing an area of overlap from 130 to 140 pg/ml. PMID- 7323614 TI - Quality assurance of nuclear medicine instrumentation. AB - In conclusion, the minimum requirements (after instrument acceptance or initial testing) for a satisfactory quality control program for each data acquisition system in nuclear medicine are: a. quality control tests should be performed routinely and should take no more than 15 min; b. protocols for each counting instrument and imaging system should be defined for the routine tests described in this paper. Test procedures may be adopted from the literature; c. the resulting data (numerical data and images) should be carefully scrutinized, compared with information (reference data) obtained initially under similar conditions, and used to decide whether to proceed with clinical studies (see scheme 1); d. all test images should be properly labeled and retained for immediate reference, preferably in the form of a logbook; e. a review of these data should be made on a weekly basis to detect long-term deterioration. A review image recording and its quality control is included in the Appendix. PMID- 7323615 TI - [Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis (importance of diet)]. PMID- 7323617 TI - [Albuminuria and diabetes]. PMID- 7323616 TI - [Sensitivity of reagents used for the determination of activated partial thromboplastin time to defects in the intrinsic mechanism of coagulation]. PMID- 7323618 TI - [Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (importance of its determination in malignant tumors)]. PMID- 7323619 TI - [Mass vaccination programs (administrative provisions and possibilities)]. PMID- 7323620 TI - Intranasal forces and labyrinthine deformations and fistulae. PMID- 7323621 TI - Bony defects and dehiscences of the roof of the ethmoid cells. AB - Endonasal sinusectomy is one of the most useful operations for treatment of chronic sinusitis. A previous study by the author on the incidence of complications of sinusectomy revealed that injuries to the base of the skull occurred in 0.15% and acute meningitis in 0.01% in a total of 450,000 sinus operations performed in Japan. In the present study a close observation of 17 (34 sides) skull specimens by the operating microscope revealed five major dangerous areas in the roof of the ethmoid sinus where anatomical structures present unusual vulnerability to injury during operations because of dehiscences and bony defects. The author found frequent bony dehiscences, where submucous connective tissue was in direct contact with the dura mater and also unusual structure of intimate adhesions between the bone and connective tissue of the dura mater. It is stressed that utmost care should be used in the operation of the ethmoid sinus and that microscopic surgery is a useful means for meticulous surgery and for prevention of side injuries. PMID- 7323622 TI - The diagnostic value of a cytogram in rhinopathology. AB - Chronic and recurrent rhinitis is a very common complaint in E.N.T. practice. For the differential diagnosis we use a battery of investigations including cytological examination of the nasal mucus. It was attempted to establish a correlation between the observable pathology of cellular elements from a nasal smear and the different types of pathologies, i.e.: specific allergic or atopic rhinopathy, nasal polyposis, coryza, and sinusitis. The cell types included in this study are: neutrophils, eosinophils, ciliated columnar cells with and without well preserved cilia and goblet cells. This study included about 500 nasal smears from about 360 patients. A group of control patients without nasal complaints was included. The results demonstrated that investigation of local nose secretions is helpful in the differential diagnosis of exudative rhinopathy. PMID- 7323623 TI - Pathological changes of the nasal mucosa after surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis. PMID- 7323624 TI - Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry. AB - Current methods of rhinomanometry used by various workers from around the world were presented. The data for this communication is based on the work from the International Committee on Rhinomanometric Standards who presented their information at the 8th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society, October 21, 1980, in Bologna, Italy. These workers have an accumulation of approximately 42 years of experience with more than 10,000 rhinomanometric examinations. The results of this summary provide a consensus of methods, procedures, data collection and presentation which should be considered so that rhinomanometric uniformity may be achieved. It is well recognized that standardization of rhinomanometry still requires further inquiry and evaluation. This is not the final communication on the subject but merely a progress report and current consensus from a few workers in the field. PMID- 7323625 TI - [Tiapride in the treatment of chronic headache (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of tiapride in chronic headache (300 mg/day orally during 30 days) was studied in a doubleblind trial in a group of 50 patients, 40 of them with so-called "mixed headache", and 10 with classical migraine. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. 65% of treated patients had clinical benefit in the intensity and frequency of headaches. The mode of action of this drug is discussed, together with the involvement of several monoaminergic systems in the genesis of headache. The action of tiapride appears to be indirectly dopaminomimetic as it operates by a blockade of dopaminergic inhibitors receptors. PMID- 7323626 TI - [Ileitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica--X-ray differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The article gives a brief description of the characteristic features of the clinical and roentgenological course and the various stages of enteritis caused by Yersinia. Basing on three cases of ileitis caused by Yersinia, the far reaching similarity with the early changes and even the advanced stages of Crohn's disease are demonstrated. Attention is drawn to the possibilities of differentiating between the two disease patterns. PMID- 7323627 TI - [CT imaging of traumatic lesions of the vertebral column (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 30 patients with traumatogenic lesions of the vertebral column examined by computerised tomography. The pros and cons of CT of the spine are discussed. Since, in the authors' opinion, the advantages of CT of the spinal column are greater than the drawbacks, it is claimed that CT is justified especially in polytraumatised patients and in unstable fractures of the vertebrae. As a rule, CT of the vertebral column can replace conventional x-ray tomography and myelography in polytraumatised patients. PMID- 7323628 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary vessel blood flow assessed by roentgenography- a comparison with haemodynamic data (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on an examination of the diagnostic accuracy in assessing the pulmonary vessel blood flow via x-ray films of the thorax in 323 children by means of a comparison with the haemodynamic data of four examiners, on the basis of a Yes/No (True/False) decision. Overall accuracy in the total group of examined children--depending on the experience of the examiners--was 60 to 66%; in children below 2 years of age, it was 63-69%, and in children over 2 years old it was 59-65%. In a Left-Right Shunt smaller than 35%, accuracy was between 33 and 63%; if the Left-Right Shunt was greater than 57%, it was 81-97%. Diagnosis of reduced pulmonary blood flow proved more difficult than of an enhanced flow. Sensitivity of the examination method was 53-71%, whereas its specificity was 57 70%. PMID- 7323629 TI - [Functional assessment of the hepatic arterial blood flow by pharmacoradiography (author's transl)]. AB - By means of celiacography it was possible to demonstrate that parenteral medication with parathormone creates a selective dilatation of the liver vessels in man, provided that they are dilatable. This hemodynamic hormone effect could not be traced in the other mesenteric vessels. The increase of portal hypertension resulting from cirrhosis leads to a loss of the dilating ability of liver vessels. This regressive reaction is well demonstrated on the parathormon celiaco-gram. Thus a functional assessment of the hepatic blood flow is possible. The extent of the dilatability of the liver artery seems to be of great importance for the prognosis and indication of the porto-systemic shunt operation. Moreover we could show that an increase in the liver perfusion demonstrates pathologic liver processes in a better way. PMID- 7323630 TI - [Monitoring of radiation via CT (author's transl)]. AB - The results presented in this article lead to the conclusion that it would be appropriate to demand control or monitoring of radiation via CT whenever complicated exposure to radiation is required. Such control appears mandatory in order to guarantee a sufficiently high tumour dosage and satisfactory protection or minimum burdening of the surrounding tissue. At first sight, it may seem that such CT operations are relatively costly. However, once the teamwork has been properly established, both the time required and the cost involved remain within reasonable limits and will probably not be greater than control via therapy simulator. The decisive factor is that computerised tomography should offer sufficient possibilities of translating such control into reality by effecting the necessary dosage adjustments in accordance with given requirements. PMID- 7323631 TI - [Vesica fellea duplex (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on two cases of duplex formation of the gallbladder observed by the author during the past ten years in the Central Institute of Radiodiagnostics of Vienna University. Among the numerous malformations or variants of the gallbladder and biliary tract, such duplex formation represents a relatively rare occurrence. PMID- 7323632 TI - [Diagnostic position of cavography (author's transl)]. AB - Since computerised tomography and sonography are both capable of direct identification of retroperitoneal structures even if their vascularisation is poor, indication for cavography has been reduced. The majority of cavographies performed during the past three years were executed for the purpose of optimal preparation of surgery of a tumour identified via computerised tomography, sonography or arteriography. In a few cases only was the indication for cavography necessary on account of thrombosis or in order to clarify pre operatively any anomalous structures. Due to the rapid development of the non invasive techniques it is expected that indication for cavography will be reduced even further in future. PMID- 7323633 TI - [Febrile convulsions]. PMID- 7323634 TI - [Convulsions of the newborn infant]. PMID- 7323635 TI - [Secondary generalized epilepsies, in particular West syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 7323636 TI - [Psychopedagogical and social problems of epilepsy in childhood]. PMID- 7323637 TI - [Principles of treatment of epilepsy in children]. PMID- 7323638 TI - [Prevention of viral hepatitis. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 7323639 TI - [Management of the diagnosis of jaundice with conjugated bilirubin in the adult]. PMID- 7323640 TI - [Treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 7323641 TI - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis as seen by the practitioner]. PMID- 7323642 TI - Interaction of two epileptogenic foci located in the hypothalamus and the dorsal hippocampus, respectively. PMID- 7323643 TI - Study on sleep adjustment peculiarities in patients with 1--2 weeks of night shiftwork. PMID- 7323644 TI - Nervous reactivity changes in subjects with post-meningoencephalitic epilepsy. PMID- 7323645 TI - Reactivity disorders of sympathetic nervous system in patients with brainstem infarction. PMID- 7323646 TI - Histochemical and histoenzymatic action of crinofizin in cystic mastosis and prostate adenoma studied in cell and organotypic cultures. AB - The work deals with the study at cell level of the action of Crinofizin on some target organs. The effect of various doses of Crinofizin (0.2, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 ml/culture tube) was tested on multiplication and protein synthesis in human mammary tissue cells (cystic mastosis) and human prostate adenoma in cell culture. The morphologic aspect, enzymatic activity (LDH, G-6-PDH) and mucopolysaccharides synthesis were also studied. It was found that administration of Crinofizin results in preferential development of epithelial cells at the expense of the connective-fibroblastic ones. LDH and G-6-PDH, higher in the control cultures of the epithelial type than in the fibroblastic ones, becomes uniform by decreasing in intensity in the treated lots. Acute experimentation carried out on prostate organ cultures from rats of various ages (30, 60, 90 days and 2 years) treated with 0.2ml Crinofizin/ml culture medium indicates a decrease in connective tissue intrafollicular stroma, which is well developed in the case of adenoma. LDH and G-6-PDH activity, which is higher in the case of adenoma, decreases under Crinofizin administration to the levels in the adult control. The histologic aspect of the hypertrophied prostate organ cultures from aged rats, becomes after Crinofizin administration similar to that of the adult rat organ cultures. PMID- 7323648 TI - A light and electron microscopical study of pituitary adenomas. AB - Authors studied ten cases of human pituitary adenomas, using light and electron microscopical techniques. Based on morphological features correlated with endocrine symptomatology, seven adenomas proved to be functional and three were nonfunctional. The seven secretory adenomas were classified as follows : somatotropic adenomas with densely granulated cells (1 case); prolactinomas with sparsely granulated cells (3 cases); and mixed somatotroph cell - prolactin cell adenomas (3 cases). The nonfunctional tumors belonged to the undifferentiated cell adenoma type. The cells of the densely granulated adenoma resembled the normal cell from which they derived. In the sparsely granulated tumors the secretory granules were smaller and more nonspecific than those of the normal pituitary cells. The cells of the undifferentiated adenomas had sparse organelles and often showed oncocytic transformation. The ultrastructural characteristics of the adenomas are discussed in relation with the type of hormonal secretion and proliferative propension. PMID- 7323647 TI - A radioimmunoassay system for human thyroglobulin. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for thyroglobulin (Tgl) was developed. The crude Tgl was prepared from thyroid glands surgically removed for colloid goiter by ammonium sulphate fractionation. Two purified Tgls were obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 (Tgl-200) and by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tgl-PAGE). Both Tgl-200 and Tgl-PAGE were used for immunization of the animals for radioiodination and as reference preparations. The double antibody RIA system using Tgl-200 may detect 1.5 microgram/l, the technique being suitable for Tgl quantification in human biological fluids. The results of the measurement in 54 children without apparent thyroid enlargement showed a rather wide range of variability of the Tgl values in basal conditions, for example 4.67 37.05 micrograms/l in a group of 29 boys aged 6 to 16 years and 4.06-31.90 micrograms/l in a group of 25 girls aged 5 to 16 years. PMID- 7323649 TI - Xeroradiography of the diabetic foot. AB - The authors carried out comparative xeroradiographic and radiologic examinations of 34 patients suffering from diabetes. It has been established that xeroradiography allows an earlier and more convincing diagnosis of arterial calcifications, indurations of small size arteries, phleboliths and fistulous tracts. In diabetic gangrene the initial lesions and bone sequestra are more clearly visualized, as well as the intra-articular bone fragments and parosteal calcifications in diabetic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 7323650 TI - Calcitonin secretion in chronic renal patients treated with hemodialysis. AB - Calcitonin levels were studied in 18 patients with chronic renal insufficiency periodically hemodialysed, comparatively with 9 only drug-treated uremic patients. Calcitonin was radioimmunologically assayed before and after hemodialysis and repeated 5 months later in some of the patients. Serum calcitonin was increased in most of the studied patients, especially in the dialysed ones and with a creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min. Calcitonin concentration was all the more increased as the dialytic treatment lasted longer. Considering the increasing role of calcitonin as osteoprotector, these findings might be of interest in the treatment of renal osteopathy. PMID- 7323651 TI - The functional status of the parathyroid in adult spasmophilia patients estimated by plasma parathormone assay. AB - In 25 cases of spasmophilia the parathyroid function was assessed by complete exploration of the P-Ca metabolism and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of parathormone (PTH). Concomitantly the bone mineralization status was assessed by induced hypercalciuria tests and administration of 30 mg vitamin D2. RIA of PTH revealed increased values in 50% of the cases. The values fall within the range of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but this percentage varies with the values of the parathyroid function obtained by P-Ca metabolism explorations. The increased PTH values do no correlate with the level of plasma total calcium, ionic calcium, and magnesemia. Nor do they correlate with the bone mineralization disorders or the duration of the disease and the age of the patients. PMID- 7323652 TI - Why are there discrepancies between clinical symptoms and the hormone level in blood? PMID- 7323653 TI - Carnitine and the endocrine disorders. PMID- 7323654 TI - [Psychological aspects of the pregnant woman from the viewpoint of the theory of the ego nucleus]. PMID- 7323655 TI - [Evaluation of the correct filling out of death certificates: Brasilia, DF (Brazil), 1977-78]. PMID- 7323656 TI - [Use of death registrations in and outside the place of residence for identifying medical assistance needs: study carried out in a Regional Health Division of Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 7323657 TI - [Severe occupational accidents in the capital of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 7323658 TI - [Criteria for social stratification]. PMID- 7323659 TI - [Birth rate in Salvador, Bahia (Brazil)]. PMID- 7323660 TI - [Schistosomiasis mansoni. I. Evolution of the pathologic picture: parasitologic, hematologic and histopathologic analyses]. PMID- 7323661 TI - [Mortality from violent causes in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. III - Intentional deaths]. PMID- 7323662 TI - [Schistosomiasis mansoni. II. Evolution of the levels of serum proteins and the electrophoretic profile by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis technics]. PMID- 7323663 TI - [Possible interference of pre-existing tetanus antitoxin, in antitetanus vaccination]. PMID- 7323664 TI - [Methemoglobinemia and nitrates in water]. PMID- 7323665 TI - [A factor influencing in vitro the influx of 86Rb+ into erythrocytes as an impurity of a commercial preparation of testosterone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323666 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of the lymphatic vessels of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323667 TI - [Mortality and morbidity of children born by breech delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323668 TI - [Upon dynamics of metastatic bone processes in the course of treatment of cancer of the breast. The value of radionuclear examination of the skeleton by means of 85Sr (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323669 TI - [Is hypoxia of the fetus always accompanied by precocious expulsion of meconium? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323670 TI - Schoolchildren and noise. The 4 kHz dip-tone screening in 14391 Schoolchildren. AB - Tone screening was performed in 14391 schoolchildren at three different age levels, 7, 10, 13 years in grades 1, 4 and 7, and was carried out in 1977, 1978 and 1979. A 4 kHz dip greater than 20 dB was found in 331 (2.3%) of the children; 241 (1.7%) were boys and 98 (0.6%) were girls. The 4 kHz dip was unilateral in 230 (1.6%) and bilateral in 109 children (0.7%). The number of children with the 4 kHz dip increased with age. At the 13-year level it was found in 125 (4.7%) boys and 37 (1.5%) girls. The magnitude of the dip increased with age both in frequency range and intensity. At the 13-year level two and more frequencies were affected in 27 (0.5%) and hearing thresholds of 40 dB and worse were found in 47 (0.9%) of the children. Causes of noise could be established in 210 (63%) of 331 children. Most important noise causes were in the following order: motor vehicles, including tractors, fire-arms and crackers. In a small number, loud music could have been the cause of the 4 kHz dip. A hearing conservation program against noise has been instituted for children, parents, teachers and school nurses. Further studies will show if this program is effective. PMID- 7323671 TI - The SPL hearing meter. AB - An instrument, the SPL Hearing Meter, was devised for the measurement of hearing threshold with a hearing aid earphone in order to make a direct comparison between the hearing threshold and the output sound pressure level of a hearing aid. The author found this a handy tool for selection and adjustment of hearing aids. PMID- 7323672 TI - Guidelines for the dimensioning of induction loop systems. AB - For various loop configurations the long-term rms current required to produce a specified magnetic field is given by a simple formula, containing the average loop width as the only loop geometry parameter. A simplified and easy to use formula for loop inductance facilitates the determination of the impedance presented to the loop amplifier. The amplifier requirements are heavily dependent upon field strength specification and impedance of the loop. Taking these factors into account, an economical and correct dimensioning of the amplifier and loop system may be obtained. PMID- 7323673 TI - Threshold of hearing by bone conduction. A contribution to international standardization. AB - Threshold measurements with a Pracitronic KH 70 bone vibrator were carried out on 25 young, otologically normal subjects (50 ears) in the frequency range between 125 Hz and 8 000 Hz. The vibrator was applied to the human mastoid as well as to the forehead. The non-test ear was masked. Equivalent threshold force levels were determined on an artificial mastoid type B & K 4930. Between 125 Hz and 2 000 Hz, the equivalent threshold force levels for mastoid placement decrease steadily by about 13.5 dB/octave, they then increase again by about 10 dB and remain constant between 4 000 Hz and 8 000 Hz. The equivalent threshold force levels for forehead application were found to be higher by about 11 dB in the whole frequency range. PMID- 7323674 TI - Speech recognition performance at loudness discomfort level. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between the loudness discomfort level (LDL) and maximum speech recognition performance for listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Performance-intensity functions were obtained for 30 listeners with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing impairment at five speech levels from -18 to +4 dB re: the LDL. Recognition scores were obtained for three speech materials. For all speech materials, recognition scores at levels below the LDL were equivalent to or higher than scores obtained at and above the LDL. These results support the contention that the LDL represents a sound pressure level above which no improvement in speech recognition occurs, and thus, might reasonably be used as the appropriate level for the saturation sound pressure level of a hearing aid. PMID- 7323675 TI - Auditory brainstem responses in ears with hearing loss: case studies. AB - Auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABRs) were recorded from six selected adult patients with various audiometric configuration, histories, and diagnoses. Although none of the patients were diagnosed medically as having retrocochlear disease, ABR latencies and waveform morphology were considered abnormal in some cases. By contrast, other patients with similar hearing loss configuration yielded normal ABRs. These observations emphasize the potential difficulty encountered in the interpretation of ABRs when hearing loss exists. Further, because ABRs and all other special auditory tests are not diagnostic extreme caution should be exercised prior to any definitive interpretation and subsequent diagnosis. PMID- 7323676 TI - Brain-stem responses when masking with wide-band and high-pass filtered noise. AB - Investigations, using click stimuli masked by wide-band and high-pass filtered noise with cut-off frequencies of 2 600, 1 250 and 850 Hz were carried out. The latency shift of a response evoked by a click of 60 dB HL and wide-band masking at 80 dB HL is 0.2 - 0.3 ms for wave I and about 0.6 ms for wave V. The results obtained with high-pass masking at various cut-off frequencies differ distinctly from those found by other authors. For instance, when using high-pass masking noise of a lower limiting frequency of 850 Hz and levels of 85 and 90 dB no clear brain-stem responses were discernible. Therefore, the appearance of the brain stem responses with masking noise at various frequency limits and at various levels was examined. With high-ass noise masking at decreasing cut-off frequencies from 1 800 Hz down to 600 Hz and increasing noise levels, wave V disappears with a slight latency shift, but subsequently to wave V an additional wave occurs which remains stable even in the case of high noise intensities. Further studies are necessary to clarify the properties of this additional wave. PMID- 7323677 TI - Digital inverse filtering of distorted auditory brainstem responses. AB - Analogue filtering of source data can cause severe distortion of ABR waveform, primarily due to filter phase non-linearity. This distortion contributes to incompatibility between laboratories. Digital zero-phase filtering of the average ABR obtained with wide bandwidth gives much less distortion, but can cause difficulties with data acquisition protocols. We have investigated digital phase correction of distorted average ABRs recorded with conventional filters. The method is successful and feasible. It is also possible to digitally recover the ABRs that would have been obtained with wider recording bandwidths, or with different filter orders. This approach can be used for conversion of ABR waveforms to a standard low-distortion filter condition, or to convert between conventional filter conditions used in different laboratories. PMID- 7323678 TI - Head trauma: single-notch and double-notch audiograms. AB - Single-notch and double-notch sensorineural hearing losses were observed in 27 adult patients. All patients denied having a history of noise exposure, but did report at least one episode of hear trauma. Generally, the laterality and degree of hearing loss did not appear to correlate well with severity and site of head trauma, or post-traumatic symptoms. Although not all individuals suffering head trauma will yield notch audiograms, when an audiometric notch is observed the possibility of head trauma as well as other factors should be explored in the patient's history. PMID- 7323679 TI - SSW alignment study weaknesses. PMID- 7323680 TI - Serum group I pepsinogens. PMID- 7323681 TI - Effect of perfusion of a jejunal blind loop on intestinal thymidine uptake in the rat. AB - The effect of perfusing a jejunal loop with saline or glucose solution on the thymidine uptake by the intestinal cells was studied in rats. Two weeks after the construction of the loop, it was perfused for 24 h with glucose or saline of either 280 or 450 mOsm/kg. A control group received no perfusion. The weight per unit length, the DNA concentration, and the DNA-specific activity of 3H-labeled thymidine was recorded in the duodenum, the loop, the remaining small intestine and the colon. The thymidine uptake in the perfused loop relative to the unperfused parts of the small intestine was higher in the groups that received glucose or hypertonic saline than in the groups that received isotonic saline and the control group. In the colon, the uptake relative to the uptake in the unperfused small-intestinal segments was reduced in all the perfused groups compared with the controls. The tissue DNA concentration and the weight per unit length of the intestinal segments were not changed by the perfusions. The results are discussed in relation to current hypotheses on the regulation of intestinal cell proliferation. PMID- 7323682 TI - Brunner's glands of the rat during cysteamine ulceration. AB - Duodenal ulcers can be produced in rats by subcutaneous administration of cysteamine-HCl. The pathogenesis of these ulcers has not been fully explained. Increased acid secretion is necessary but not sufficient for ulcer production. In the present study we have observed pronounced alterations in the histologic appearance of the duodenal glands of Brunner during ulcer formation. The secretory cells became extremely flattened without mucus content and the lumina of the acini dilated. Changes became most pronounced between 4 and 8 h after administration of cysteamine. Repeated injections of pentagastrin in a dosage inducing an acid response equivalent to the one induced by cysteamine did not produce any histologic changes in Brunner's glands or any ulcerations. When cysteamine was administered to rats with chronic gastric fistulas draining the gastric secretions, no duodenal ulcerations were produced, but Brunner's glands still became depleted of mucus. These findings suggest that the histologic changes in Brunner's glands are not secondary either to the increased acid secretion induced by cysteamine or to ulcer formation. Together with our previous demonstration of a marked reduction duodenal secretion in the first 10 h after cysteamine administration, the results of the present study suggest an inhibitory effect of cysteamine on the synthetic activity of Brunner's glands rather than an impaired release mechanism. The effect of cysteamine on Brunner's glands may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7323683 TI - Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis. A prospective study. AB - Colonoscopic findings among 16 patients with histologically proved antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) were analyzed. The characteristic endoscopic changes of PMC with pseudomembranes were observed in only 5 (31%) out of 16 patients by sigmoidoscopy but in 11 (85%) out of 13 patients in whom colonoscopy was also performed. The findings suggest the importance of colonoscopy in the early diagnosis of PMC and indicate that the typical endoscopic changes of PMC are limited to the colon above the rectosigmoid area in most patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. It is emphasized that colonoscopy should be performed at least in clinically suspected PMC cases, in which the early diagnosis of PMC might be missed if sigmoidoscopy alone is performed. PMID- 7323684 TI - Removal of IR-GIP by the kidneys in man, and the effect of acute nephrectomy on plasma GIP in rats. AB - In a group of 10 patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization, mean plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was significantly lower (p = 0.002) in blood drawn from the renal vein than in blood drawn from the hepatic vein, the right atrium, the femoral vein, and the femoral artery, demonstrating the removal of immunoreactive GIP by the kidneys. In a group of eight nephrectomized rats, mean plasma GIP was significantly higher 30 and 60 min after start of intraduodenal glucose infusion (p = 0.03 and p = 0.002, respectively) as compared with eight control rats, which probably reflects reduced removal of GIP in the nephrectomized group. PMID- 7323685 TI - Influence of three antimicrobial agents--penicillin, metronidazole, and doxycyclin--on the intestinal microflora of healthy humans. AB - Antimicrobial drugs may affect the normal gut microflora in a potentially harmful manner. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether any of several tests could detect drug influence on the intestinal flora of healthy subjects. Jejunal secretions and feces were cultivated aerobically and anaerobically, with measurement of fermentation gas production in tubes supplemented with glucose or lactulose; bacterial bile acid deconjugation was measured with the 14C-GCA test; and pulmonary H2 and CH4 excretion were measured with gas-solid chromatography after lactulose and glucose ingestion in 18 healthy subjects before and after peroral treatment with either penicillin, metronidazole, or doxycyclin. Bacterial numbers and fermentation gas production were unchanged after treatment, as was the bacterial bile acid deconjugating activity. Pulmonary H2 excretion after lactulose ingestion was significantly reduced after penicillin and metronidazole but not after doxycyclin treatment. Pulmonary CH4 disappeared after metronidazole but remained unchanged after penicillin and doxycyclin treatment. It is concluded that pulmonary H2 and CH4 measurement after lactulose ingestion may serve as a sensitive determinant for drug effects on the normal gut microflora. PMID- 7323686 TI - Reticuloendothelial function in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - The phagocytic and metabolic functions of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were tested in seven patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver due to excessive ingestion of ethanol. 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin was used as a test substance. A group of 13 volunteers served as controls. Liver and spleen scans were performed in all patients. Routine blood analyses were made, including seven different liver tests. The results show that both the phagocytic and the metabolic activity of the RES were hampered significantly in all these patients compared with the control group. The liver and spleen scan findings were all pathological, showing a good correlation with the RES function test. The blood test that correlated best with the RES function test was the prothrombin time, which was likewise abnormal in all patients. It is concluded that certain functions of the RES are hampered after prolonged ethanol ingestion and that the enhanced frequency of infections in patients with alcohol liver cirrhosis might partly be due to their impaired RES function. PMID- 7323687 TI - The antrum in duodenal ulcer patients. Relationship between antrum size, nerve of Latarjet, gastrin cell quantity, and gastric acid secretion. AB - Estimates of the border between antral and fundic mucosa, antral size, antral G cell density, G-cell population, and total G-cell volume were made from multiple biopsies taken from the gastric curves during parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal ulcer in 33 patients. No relation was found between the landmarks of Latarjet's nerve and the border. The fundic mucosa was underdenervated in 20% of the patients, and the postoperative acid response to sham feeding in these was higher than in patients with an overdenervated or optimally denervated border. No relation was found between antral size, defined as antral mucosal volume containing G-cells, and preoperative acid secretion. However, an inverse relation was found between antral size, defined as antral mucosal volume containing no parietal cells, and preoperative maximum acid secretion, suggesting an inverse relation between areas with and without parietal cells. No relation was found between acid secretion and G-cell densities, G-cell population, or total G-cell volume. PMID- 7323688 TI - Characteristics of C3b-binding in chronic liver diseases. AB - We examined sera from 71 patients, 27 with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 27 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and 17 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of C3b-binding IgG, IgM, and IgA activity (immune complexes and immunoconglutinins). Elevated C3b-binding IgG activity was found in the sera of patients with CAH, PBC (p less than 0.001), and ALD (P less than 0.01). C3b-binding IgM activity was elevated only in CAH and PBC (p less than 0.001) and normal in ALD. Significantly elevated C3b-binding IgA activity was found in all three types of liver disease (p less than 0.005), but it was more prominent in ALD and, moreover, correlated with the severity of the alcoholic liver injury. Ultracentrifugation studies showed that CAH and PBC C3b binding IgG activity was located in the intermediate (7S-19S) fractions, C3b binding IgM activity in the heavy (less than 19S) fractions, and C3b-binding IgA activity in the intermediate and partly in the heavy fractions of the sucrose gradient. In ALD, a slight C3b-binding IgG and IgA activity was found in the intermediate fractions of the gradients, but it was most abundant in the heavy fractions. If C3b-binding material is pathogenic, the results suggest that immunopathogenic mechanisms of CAH and PBC differ from those of alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 7323689 TI - Fat inhibition of gastric acid secretion in man and plasma concentrations of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity. AB - The effects of intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (5, 10, 20, and 40 ml) on gastric acid secretion stimulated by a submaximal intravenous pentagastrin infusion and on plasma concentrations on neurotensin-like plasma immunoreactivity (NTLI) were studied in 18 healthy subjects. Each volume of oleic acid or saline (controls) was tested in six subjects except the volume of 20 ml, which was given to ten subjects. Gastric acid secretion was studied for a 2-h period at 15-min intervals after intraduodenal infusion. Five milliliters oleic acid evoked a significant inhibition (29%) of gastric acid secretion. Maximal inhibition by oleic acid appeared after 20 ml (43%), which was significantly greater than after 10 ml. In seven duodenal ulcer (DU) patients 20 ml oleic acid evoked an inhibition of 20%, which was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects. Proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) abolished the fat inhibition in DU patients. Basal and peak NTLI concentrations after 20 ml oleic acid were significantly lower in DU patients than in health subjects. In DU patients there was no significant difference in the integrated response of NTLI before and after PGV. The 2-h integrated NTLI response was dependent on the administered volume of oleic acid in healthy subjects. There was a correlation between acid inhibition and the integrated response ot NTLI in healthy subjects. This suggests that immunoreactive neurotensin may be involved in the oleic-acid-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Neurotensin, or a neurotensin metabolite, apparently exerts its inhibitory effect at a synaptic level, which explains the finding that oleic acid did not inhibit gastric acid secretion after PGV. Neurotensin may have a physiological role as a hormone with enterogastrone functions. PMID- 7323690 TI - Food-stimulated gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in patients with abnormal duodenal loop compared with controls. AB - The gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) was studied before, during, and after food intake in nine patients with abnormal duodenal loop (AD), six patients with a normal duodenum (controls), and seven healthy volunteers. In normal and control subjects a significant increase in GESP was observed during food intake, in contrast to a significant decrease in patients with AD. This may explain why patients with AD often develop symptoms when eating. PMID- 7323691 TI - The effect of a synthetic met-enkephalin analogue (FK 33-824) on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin in man. AB - A synthetic met-enkephalin analogue was infused into seven healthy human subjects on a background infusion of pentagastrin to study the effect on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration. Gastric acid secretion rose from 4.2 meq H+/15 min to 7.8 meq H+/15 min during infusion of met-enkephalin, 0.1 micrograms/h. Met-enkephalin in a dose of 1 microgram/kg/h had no effect on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Serum gastrin concentration remained unchanged throughout the study. It is suggested that met-enkephalin could be a partial agonist on the parietal cell. The possible role of met-enkephalin in the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion is discussed. PMID- 7323693 TI - Completeness of vagotomy: anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical consequences. PMID- 7323692 TI - Morphological and morphometric assessment of human duodenal biopsies maintained in organ culture. In vitro influences of gluten in coeliac disease. AB - Duodenal biopsy specimens from 51 coeliac patients (children and young adults) and 13 non-coeliac controls were maintained in organ culture for 24 h. Morphometric determinants were compared after culture in the presence of different gluten fractions, after culture on gluten-free medium, and in non cultured specimens. Biopsies from patients with untreated coeliac disease were susceptible to gluten fractions, which provoked disorganization of crypt architecture, reduced height and irregularities of enterocytes and crypt cells, together with detrition of surface epithelial cells and even tissue necrosis. In latent coeliac disease (silent relapse) biopsies were more resistant to gluten, and higher concentrations were required to induce signs of morphological deterioration. Remission mucosa and biopsies from non-coeliac controls showed no signs of impairment after gluten exposure in vitro. PMID- 7323694 TI - Partial hepatectomy in Caroli's disease. PMID- 7323695 TI - Cholecystokinin-like bioactivity in rat cerebral cortex. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK)-like bioactivity was studied in extracts of rat cerebral cortex by three different bioassays. Positive results were obtained by all procedures used. A fairly good quantitative correlation was found when testing the same extracts by two of the methods. A considerable amount of CCK-like activity was demonstrated in the various subcellular fractions (synaptic membranes, synaptic vesicles, and synaptic fragments) corresponding to synaptic structures. The results are in accordance with the findings of several authors who demonstrated CCK-like immunoreactivity in the brain, especially in the cortex. The use of three different bioassays in three species (rabbit, rat, dog) seems to prove that some bioactive molecular form of CCK exists in the brain, mainly in the cortical area. The findings that subcellular elements of the synaptic structures contain relatively high concentrations of CCK raises the question of the possible role of CCK in the neuronal transmission. PMID- 7323696 TI - Effect of adding albumin to solutions of secretin on pancreatic volume and bicarbonate response. AB - In six conscious dogs with gastric and pancreatic Thomas fistulas, we studied the pancreatic bicarbonate response to intravenous bolus injections of synthetic secretin dissolved either in 5 ml of 0.15 M NaCl alone or in the same amount of NaCl to which dog albumin had been added, to give a 0.1% solution. The pancreatic bicarbonate (micromol . 10 min-1) response to the four lowest doses of secretin (12.5, 25, 50, 100 ng . kg-1) used was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher when secretin was dissolved in NaCl plus albumin than in NaCl alone. The pancreatic response to higher doses of secretin (200, 400, 800, 1600 ng . kg-1) was not significantly altered by the addition of albumin. The D50 of secretin was about 2.6 times greater in the absence than in the presence of albumin. This study suggests that albumin should be added to dilute solutions of secretin to preserve biological activity. PMID- 7323697 TI - The effect of adrenoceptor blockade on the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide after intraduodenal glucose in humans. AB - An intravenous infusion of NaCl, NaCl + phentolamine (alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist), or NaCl + propranolol (beta-adrenoceptor antagonist) was given in three series of experiments. After intraduodenal infusion of glucose (82 ml 1.51 M, pH 6.5) the GIP concentration in plasma increased from 42.3 (23.1-62.2) to 225 (107-460) pM during intravenous NaCl, from 35.6 (17.3-38.9) to 251 (127-387) pM during phentolamine, and from 32.5 (5.5-63.4) to 172 (103-405) pM during propranolol administration. The blood glucose response was not different in the three experiments. It is concluded that the non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol inhibits the release of GIP after intraduodenal administration of glucose. PMID- 7323698 TI - Glucose-induced release of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) into the duodenal lumen in man. AB - Duodenal juice was collected before and after an intragastric infusion of 300 ml 25% glucose in five healthy subjects. After extraction with 95% ethanol, IR-GIP in duodenal juice was determined by radioimmunoassay and found to increase from mean basal level of 63 pmol/l to a mean peak of 354 pmol/l after the glucose infusion. The elution diagrams of IR-GIP in glucose-stimulated duodenal juice and the corresponding plasma from a 16 X 400 mm Sephadex G-50 Fine column were similar, and the radioimmunoassay dilution curves of porcine GIP and duodenal juice IR-GIP were superimposable. PMID- 7323699 TI - Synthesis of sterols and proteins in liver biopsies from obese patients subjected to gastric or jejunoileal bypass operations. AB - Incorporation of 14C-acetate into digitonin-precipitable sterols and of 3H leucine into proteins was examined in per- or post-operative liver biopsies from morbidly obese patients subjected to either gastric or jejunoileal bypass operations. Biopsies obtained from non-obese patients without liver disease served as controls. Incorporation of precursors into sterols and proteins in peroperative biopsies from obese patients (mean weight, 131 kg) did not differ from that of control subjects (mean weight, 64 kg). However, biopsies obtained from eight patients 11-53 months after jejunoileal bypass (mean weight loss, 32% of initial weight) showed an eightfold increased 14C incorporation into sterols, whereas incorporation of 3H-leucine into proteins did not differ from that of the control group. The results in postoperative biopsies (3-12 months) from 9 patients subjected to gastric bypass (mean weight loss, 25% of initial weight) did not differ significantly from those in 15 controls. The markedly stimulated biosynthesis of sterols in patients with jejunoileal bypass might reflect increased faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids, causing reduced feedback control mediated by bile acids and cholesterol. PMID- 7323700 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on the transport of water, sodium, and glucose in the jejunum. Perfusion studies in normal subjects and patients with coeliac disease. AB - During perfusion of an isotonic solution containing 56 mmol/l glucose and 122 mmol/l sodium chloride, net movements of water and sodium and glucose absorption were measured in the absence and presence of intraluminal hydrocortisone along 20 cm segments of proximal jejunum in five normal subjects and five patients with active coeliac disease. In normal subjects, the mean net absorption of water and sodium was significantly increased in the presence of hydrocortisone decreased. In the coeliac patients, the mean net secretion of water and sodium was significantly decreased. In neither group was the effect of hydrocortisone associated with a significant increase in glucose absorption. Similar changes in net movements of water and sodium occurred in both groups, even though absorption of hydrocortisone in coeliac patients was 44% of the control value. These results suggest that hydrocortisone may have exerted a local effect on the mucosal transport of water and sodium. PMID- 7323701 TI - Intestinal and gastric bypass. Changes in intestinal microecology after surgical treatment of morbid obesity in man. AB - Jejunal bacterial flora, bile acid deconjugation, and breath hydrogen and methane excretion were studied in nine patients with end-to-side and nine patients with end-to-end jejunoileostomy and in eight patients with gastric bypass. Bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between healthy controls and any of the patient groups. Production of fermentation gases in anaerobic cultures supplemented with carbohydrates did not occur with jejunal secretions from healthy controls but was found in all intestinal bypass patients and half the gastric bypass patients. Bacterial bile acid deconjugation activity was significantly higher in end-to-side compared with end-to-end jejunoileostomy patients. In gastric bypass patients bile acid deconjugation was not significantly affected. Breath hydrogen after glucose ingestion was abnormal in six patients with end-to-side and three with end-to-end jejunoileostomy and in six of the patients subjected to gastric bypass. The highest values were found in the later group. Breath methane, which is found in one third of a healthy population, was absent in all 18 patients with intestinal bypass, and this may indicate that a change occurs even in the colonic microflora after this operation. Both intestinal and gastric bypass may change the small-bowel microflora, with the greatest changes occurring after end-to-side jejunoileostomy and the least changes after gastric bypass. PMID- 7323702 TI - Plasma amino acids as markers of liver dysfunction in cirrhotics. AB - To determine the role of liver dysfunction in the plasma amino acid profile of cirrhotic patients, we correlated basal plasma amino acids and several biochemical and functional hepatic variables in 29 cirrhotics with normal mental state or mild encephalopathy. Increased levels of aromatic amino acids and free tryptophan correlated positively with the extent of portosystemic shunt, as assessed by the ammonia tolerance test (r = 0.758 and r = 0.589, respectively). There was a negative correlation between these amino acids and liver function, as evaluated by the galactose elimination capacity test (r = -0.657 and r = -0.551), thus suggesting that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and free tryptophan may be considered indexes of liver dysfunction in non-comatose cirrhotics. PMID- 7323703 TI - Diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome. Reliability of the caloric restriction and phenobarbital stimulation tests. AB - The diagnostic role of the reduced caloric intake test and phenobarbitone treatment in Gilbert's syndrome was evaluated. During fasting the increase in unconjugated serum bilirubin concentration was significantly higher in patients with Gilbert's syndrome than in normal subjects but not when compared with the increase observed in patients with acute hepatitis, which is the clinically most relevant differential diagnosis. Phenobarbital treatment significantly reduced the level of unconjugated serum bilirubin in patients with acute hepatitis or Gilbert's syndrome, but without any difference within these two groups of patients. The reduced caloric intake test and phenobarbital treatment seem to have low diagnostic specificity in Gilbert's syndrome when the differential diagnosis is that of hepatitis. The fraction of plasma unconjugated bilirubin of total bilirubin was significantly different in all three groups examined. The clinical diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome can be established with relative certainty if the patients have a mild hyperbilirubinemia with a high fraction of unconjugated bilirubin, normal values of liver enzymes, and no overt signs of hemolysis. Liver biopsy is not mandatory. PMID- 7323704 TI - Serum levels and clearance of bile acids are unaffected by jejunoileal bypass with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. AB - Jejunoileal bypass may impair liver function. The hypothesis of the present study was that this may depend on the jejunoileal ratio of the segment left in continuity in a manner that affects the transport of bile acids from blood to bile. We investigated five extremely obese patients before and 29 patients 3, 9 and 15 months after bypass surgery with a 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio of the functioning segment. Routine liver function tests, plasma disappearance rate of intravenously administered 3H-cholic acid and 14C-24-chenodeoxycholic acid, and fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of total 3-alpha-hydroxy bile acids showed no appreciable significant relationship with bypass surgery as such, time after surgery, or the jejunoileal ratio of the functioning segment. PMID- 7323706 TI - Removal of endogenous gastrin in man. AB - The concentration of gastrin was determined in arterial and venous serum from the head, lung, liver, kidney, and legs in six fasting patients with mild hepatic parenchymatous disease. Extraction of gastrin could not be demonstrated in any of the vascular beds examined. The results indicate that gastrin degradation is not confined to certain specific organs but takes place in many organs or perhaps in the total volume of distribution for gastrin. PMID- 7323705 TI - Fine-morphology of chief cells in human gastric mucosa after secretin. AB - Quantitative ultrastructural studies of human gastric mucosal chief cells during secretory stimulation have not been reported previously. In five healthy subjects we studied the effect of intravenous administration of 2 CU/kg of GIH secretin on gastric chief-cell ultrastructure. Gastric biopsies for quantitative ultrastructural analysis were obtained before and 15 and 30 min after secretin administration. Electron micrographs of 150 chief cells were analyzed by the Loud quantitative method. After secretin administration the percentage area occupied by zymogen granules decreased significantly at 15 and 30 min. At corresponding times membrane profile concentration (rough endoplasmic reticulum) increased significantly over basal values. This study provides morphological evidence of increased activity of chief cells after secretin administration. PMID- 7323707 TI - Availability of plasma pancreatic polypeptide measurement in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. AB - Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a newly recognized pancreatic hormone, was studied in healthy subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis. After an oral load of 50 g of meat extract, the plasma concentration of PP showed a rapid fourfold rise at 20 min in healthy controls. In contrast, the plasma PP level rose only 1.8-fold in patients with chronic pancreatitis. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The increase rate of the PP level during the test in each subject correlated significantly (P less than 0.01) with total amylase output and maximal amylase concentration measured by the pancreozymin-secretin test. Thus, it is suggested that the measurement of the plasma PP level may be a useful tool to diagnose chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7323708 TI - Serum bile acids after test meals and oral load of chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - The serum levels of conjugated cholic (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDA) were studied in 15 healthy individuals before and during 3 h after two different test meals and an oral load of CDA. The solid test meal containing 35 g fat gave less and earlier increases of CA and CDA than the liquid test meal containing 50 g fat. These findings demonstrate that the postprandial pattern of serum bile acids depends on the test meal used. After oral intake of 1 g CDA, serum levels of CDA rose faster than after the test meals, and mean maximal levels were reached after 90 min. The oral CDA loading test was also performed in 11 patients with chronic hepatitis. The results indicate that in patients with normal fasting CDA levels, this test may detect liver dysfunction. The advantages of an oral bile acid load over test meals are pointed out. PMID- 7323709 TI - High-dose penicillin to prevent postoperative wound sepsis after ileocolorectal operations. AB - Two hundred and twenty-two patients were admitted to a controlled trial to investigate the effect of penicillin on the prevention of postoperative wound infection after ileocolorectal operations. The study group was treated with 5 MIU of penicillin intravenously twice daily for 4 days, starting at operation, together with an intraincisional injection of penicillin at wound closure. The rate of wound infection was 11/93 (11.8%), compared with 15/92 (16.3%) in the control group, which was given a regimen of 2 MIU penicillin and 0.5 g streptomycin twice daily for 5 days; no difference existed between these sepsis rates (p less than 0.05). Measurements of the operation wounds per- and post operatively showed a mean infected wound length of 7.3 +/- 4.0 cm, this being only one third of the original wound length, and no difference existed between the two treatment groups. A rate of partial wound infections of 1 in 10 seems acceptable after ileocolorectal operations, especially when achieved by penicillin therapy, which is inexpensive and free of serious risks. PMID- 7323710 TI - Changes of regional gastric flow measured by hydrogen clearance techniques after histamine stimulation in conscious animals. AB - Gastric microcirculatory changes were studied by means of hydrogen clearance techniques in conscious cats during histamine stimulation. A considerable increase of corpus mucosa flow occurred, whereas a less substantial increase of antrum mucosa flow was observed during stimulation with histamine at 2 micrograms/kg/min, intravenously. Stepwise increase of infused histamine was accompanied by a gradual increase of corpus flow in the mucosa, which during supramaximal stimulation decreased slightly but still remained considerably elevated above control values. A similar decrease of antral mucosa flow occurred earlier during maximal stimulation, suggesting shunting of blood from the antrum to the corpus region. Total gastric flow measurements performed in anesthetized animals similarly showed decreased flow at a rate of histamine infusion which produced supramaximal stimulation in the conscious animals. However, total gastric flow remained elevated also during this stage compared with prestimulation values. A hypothesis of a dual effect of histamine on the gastric circulation is suggested, including regulation of flow through generalized vasodilatation and increased metabolic activity in the parietal cell mass. PMID- 7323711 TI - Squalene and sterol synthesis in isolated small-intestinal cells of the rat. AB - To compare the synthesis rate of cholesterol in different cells of the small intestine, isolated villous and crypt cells were incubated with a mixture of 14C acetate and 3H-mevalonate in the presence of unlabeled carriers. The synthesis rate of squalene (includes the portion converted to sterols) from acetate was tenfold higher in the crypt than villous cells. The synthesis rate of squalene from mevalonate and the cyclization rate of squalene (the portion found in sterols) were about twofold higher in crypt than in villous cells. The conversion of acetate to squalene was correlated with that to fatty acids in the crypt cells only (r = 0.823), and the ratio of the two synthesis rates (squalene/fatty acids) was threefold higher in crypt than in villous cells. Despite the significant differences in the synthesis rates of squalene and sterols the concentrations of squalene and methyl sterols were similar in the two cell types. THe cholesterol content was, however, consistently higher in villous than in crypt cells, but the concentration was not correlated with the synthesis of squalene in the two cell types. The appearance of labeled squalene was clearly lower than that of labeled sterols in the lipoprotein-free incubation medium, but no differences were found between villous and crypt cells. PMID- 7323712 TI - Elective surgery for ulcerative colitis: colectomy in 158 patients. AB - Chronic ulcerative colitis was treated by elective colectomy in 158 patients. Proctocolectomy and ileostomy was performed in 140 patients and colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (CIRA) in 18 patients. The operative mortality was 2.5%, and postoperative complications, mostly infections, occurred in 38%. Within a 2 year postoperative period another 1.9% of the patients died, and late complications occurred in 18%. Colorectal carcinoma was present at the time of colectomy in 5.1% and developed some years later in another two patients primarily operated on with CIRA. Half of the cancer patients died of malignancy. Most extracolic complications, present in 25% of patients before colectomy, regressed or disappeared after operation. Half of the patients operated on with CIRA needed to have their rectum removed within a few years because of cancer or proctitis, and few of the rest had lasting relief of symptoms. PMID- 7323713 TI - Changing mortality from cirrhosis in Denmark 1965-1978. AB - The annual consumption of alcohol in Denmark doubled from 6 to 121 per adult inhabitant during the years 1964 to 1976. The impact of this change on the mortality from cirrhosis was studied. Overall cirrhosis mortality increased by 33% during this period. However, when analysed according to sex- and age-specific mortality rates, a threefold increase in mortality among young and middle-aged men was found, whereas the mortality among older women fell to 50% of previous rates. Long-term observation of female mortality demonstrated several significant changes since 1945, the reason for which could not be elucidated. Thus in Denmark mortality from cirrhosis in young men closely paralleled alcohol consumption, whereas in women other factors appeared more important and should be specifically looked for. PMID- 7323714 TI - Morbidity, Mortality, and incidence of cirrhosis in Denmark 1976-1978. AB - National and international statistics on the occurrence of cirrhosis are generally based on death rates. In Denmark as elsewhere the morbidity and incidence of cirrhosis is largely unknown. National patient register data from 1976 to 1978 and data from a suburban county hospital register during 1971-1977 form the basis for calculations of hospital-related prevalence of cirrhosis (discharge rates and consumption of bed-days). Furthermore, a measure of incidence was established and calculated for the suburban area. Mortality from cirrhosis was about 10 per 100,000 population during 1976-77. Eight-five per cent of the deaths occurred in hospitals. Data from the national patient register of somatic hospital wards underrated mortality from cirrhosis by 40%. Death certificate data classified about 1/3 of th deaths as due to alcoholic cirrhosis, whereas alcoholic cirrhosis constituted 2/3 of the deaths in the material derived from the national patient register. The discharge rate was about 60, and the expenditure of bed-days in somatic hospital departments was about 900 per 100,000 population during 1976-78. Forty per cent of the patients were women. Seventy per cent of the patients had alcoholic cirrhosis-80% of the male and 55% of the female patients. The annual incidence of cirrhosis during 1976-77 was about 27 per 100,000. Forty-three per cent of the patients were women. Two thirds of the newly diagnosed cases of cirrhosis were alcoholic-80% for men and 50% for women. These extended morbidity data on the occurrence of cirrhosis can easily be incorporated in future data based patient registers and should be applied in evaluation of costs and preventive strategies. PMID- 7323715 TI - Morphologic alterations in patients with alpha-methyldopa-induced liver damage after short- and long-term exposure. AB - Alpha-methyldopa-induced histologic alterations were investigated in 21 patients with hepatic injury after short- and long-term exposure. Seven patients developed liver injury within 6 months and 24 after several years (mean, 5 years) of exposure. Histologic findings and clinical and biochemical data differed significantly in the two groups. Morphologic analysis of the short-term-treated group revealed marked parenchymatous degeneration, focal, confluent and massive necrosis, and inflammation. Fatty accumulation and increased fibrous trabeculae were characteristic for the patients treated for long term. All patients in the short-term-exposed group had acute and severe hepatitis. Four of them had icterus. Two patients died of hepatic coma. Patients in the long-term-treated group had for several months initially mild but increasing discomfort, dyspepsia, nausea, and colics. Liver function tests in these groups revealed differences in serum albumin, bilirubin, and transferase levels. No changes were observed in alkaline phosphatase and Thrombotest. Fat accumulation and fibrous trabeculae suggest that the alterations precede the clinical symptoms and biochemical signs of hepatitis. The findings show that alpha-methyldopa may induce hepatocellular injury after short- and long-term exposure. PMID- 7323716 TI - Histologic follow-up of alpha-methyldopa-induced liver injury. AB - Alpha-methyldopa-induced liver injury was studied in six patients by clinical, biochemical, histologic, and morphometric methods. The patients, all women, developed hepatic injury after long-term therapy lasting 2 to 8 years. Withdrawal of the drug resulted in improvement of the symptoms. Hepatitis with fibrosis and moderate to severe fatty accumulation was seen in most of the liver biopsies at onset of symptoms. Follow-up ranged from 7 to 24.5 months, at the end of which the liver function test results were in the normal range. A second liver biopsy showed significant decrease in fatty infiltration. Three patients showed a decrease in lipid content from moderate to mild or normal and two other patients from severe to moderate. A 73-year-old patient had chronic aggressive hepatitis with massive necrosis of the parenchyma after 8 years of therapy, and follow-up biopsy 12 months later showed cirrhosis. In this study alpha-methyldopa withdrawal resulted in a reduction of lipid and fibrous trabeculae content, possibly caused by alpha-methyldopa-induced derangement of liver function. PMID- 7323717 TI - Effects of raised intraluminal pressure on gallbladder function and hepatic bile outflow in the cat. AB - Gallbladder concentrating function and motility and hepatic bile outflow were studied with a perfusion technique in anesthetized cats. The function of the gallbladder distended by an intraluminal pressure of 50 cm H2) was compared with its function at a pressure within the physiological range. It was found that gallbladder distention reduced the rate of net fluid absorption by 53% compared with controls. This reduction was abolished after intravenous administration of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. At raised intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder a slow, continuous increase in the intraluminal capacity was seen. This rate of volume increase was markedly increased after indomethacin administration. A reduction of the hepatic bile outflow after indomethacin was seen in animals with distended gallbladder but not in controls. A mechanism by which gallbladder distention induces biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the gallbladder wall and thereby influences its function is suggested. The results are discussed in relation to clinical findings in man during acute cholecystitis, a situation in which the intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder usually is markedly elevated. PMID- 7323718 TI - Labelling indices after 3H-thymidine incorporation during organ culture of duodenal mucosa in coeliac disease. AB - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine during organ culture of duodenal biopsy specimens from 34 coeliac and 10 non-coeliac patients was studied by autoradiography. High labelling indices were found in flat, coeliac mucosas. Gluten fractions, which provoked histological deterioration during culture, induced labelling of a greater proportion of crypt cells and higher migration rate than parallelly cultured specimens on gluten-free medium. No influences on crypt cell kinetics could be observed after culture with gluten fractions incapable of producing histological damage or with alpha-lactalbumin. In coeliac remission mucosas, labelling indices were at the same level as in non-coeliac biopsies, and no significant effects of gluten were observed. Autoradiography seems to be a fairly sensitive and reliable determinant of gluten toxicity by organ culture in coeliac disease and should supplement the histological appraisal of the biopsies. The increment of labelling indices provoked by gluten exposure seemed not merely to be a consequence of increased desquamation of cells from the biopsy surface but could imply a direct influence of gluten on crypt cell kinetics in coeliac disease. PMID- 7323719 TI - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and the exocrine pancreatic function in chronic alcoholism. AB - In a consecutive study of chronic alcoholics admitted for X-ray-negative dyspepsia, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) showed pancreatographic changes in 47% of the patients, whereas exocrine pancreatic dysfunction was found in 19%. Only patients with severe parenchymatous damage on ERP had subnormal output of pancreas lipase. In patients with less severe pancreatographic changes the pancreas function test was normal. It was suggested that ERP is a more sensitive method for detection of minor and moderate duct abnormalities in pancreatic inflammatory disease. A clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis had been made in only 22% of the patients before the present investigation. Thus subclinical pancreatitis may be more frequent among alcoholics than previously recognized and should be suspected in cases of unclarified dyspepsia in patients with long-standing abuse of alcohol. PMID- 7323720 TI - Cholesterol saturation of bile after jejunoileal bypass increases more with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio. AB - Previous suggested, surprisingly, that after jejunoileal bypass surgery the lithogenicity of the bile, assessed by its cholesterol saturation and rate of gallstone formation, increases more with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio of the functioning segment. The present study re-evaluates this by examining fasting bile samples drawn from duodenum after cholecystokinin stimulation in 34 obese patients without gallstones, who either were waiting for or had had bypass surgery, with a 1:3 or 3:1 jejunoileal ratio, 3,9, or 15 months earlier. In all groups, the cholesterol content exceeded the solubilizing capacity of the bile as determined on the basis of total lipid concentration and content of phospholipid relative to bile acids. The cholesterol supersaturation increased with bypass surgery as such, increased more with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio, decreased with time after surgery, and reached the preoperative level at 15 months. Assuming a total lipid concentration of 10 g/dl in the bile did not change this pattern. Our results indicate that during the period of weight loss after bypass surgery the lithogenicity of gallbladder bile increases more with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio. PMID- 7323721 TI - Perimeter and location of the muscular gastroesophageal junction or 'cardia' in control subjects and in patients with reflux esophagitis or achalasia. AB - The location and perimeter of the true muscular gastroesophageal junction or cardia were determined during operation in 6 patients with achalasia, in 20 control subjects, and in 40 patients with reflux esophagitis. These two latter groups were submitted to highly selective vagotomy, owing to duodenal ulcer in the control subjects and as part of the surgical technique in reflux esophagitis patients. The careful dissection and isolation of the distal 5-6 cm of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction permitted us to measure the location and perimeter very precisely. There was a very close correlation between the distance incisors-beginning of gastroesophageal sphincter measured preoperatively and the distance incisors-cardia measured during surgery. The cardia could be clearly identified by external inspection corresponding to the limit between the longitudinal muscle layer of the esophagus and the serosal surface of the stomach. The perimeter of the cardia in the patients with reflux esophagitis was significantly larger than the perimeter of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Intraoperative manometry demonstrated that the external limit of the cardia corresponded to the beginning of the gastroesophageal sphincter. Patients with achalasia had significantly smaller perimeter than controls or reflux esophagitis patients (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7323722 TI - Demonstration of intracellular structures by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. AB - Three dimensional structure of intracellular elements were observed by the Osmium DMSO-Osmium method and by a field emission SEM equipped with a high resolution device. (1) Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Their cisternae were closely opposed to form a lamellar system of flat cavities and they were supported at regular interval by fine thread-like structures. They were also connected to the cell membrane with similar threads. (2) Golgi complex: The Golgi cisternae of the serous cell of rat submandibular gland showed a bell-shape fitting one above another. The most characteristic structure of this Golgi complex was its foot like tubuli which projected to all sides from the periphery of the cisternae. (3) Synaptic vesicles: The synaptic vesicles of rat retina were observed at the direct magnification from 100,000 to 200,000 fold with the field emission SEM. The vesicles ranged from 30 to 50 nm in diameter, and their shapes were also various, such as spherical, cocoon-like and kidney-shape. The synaptic vesicles were studded with several granules, about 10 nm in diameter. In addition, the fine structure of mitochondria and centrioles were examined. PMID- 7323723 TI - A high vacuum photoelectron microscope for the study of biological specimens. AB - A photoelectron microscope (photoemission electron microscope) has been designed and built for the study of organic and biological samples. The microscope is an oil-free stainless steel high vacuum instrument pumped by a titanium sublimation pump, an ion pump, and molecular sieve roughing pumps. The electron lenses are of the electrostatic unipotential type. The microscope is equipped with a dewar for sample cooling, an internal cryogenic camera, TV-image intensifier, and vibration isolation support. Applications include studies of biological cell surfaces, photosynthetic membranes and aromatic chemical carcinogens. A representative micrograph of mouse 3T3 cells is included. In some respects, photoelectron micrographs resemble scanning electron micrographs, but the basis for contrast is different in these two techniques. PMID- 7323724 TI - Response of hamster trachea in organ culture to Mount St. Helens volcano ash. AB - The effects of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash on rings of hamster tracheal epithelium in organ culture were studied. Volcanic ash samples with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of 7.7 micrometers and 1.6 micrometers caused markedly different alterations in the tracheal mucosa. Examination by SEM of the ventral epithelial surface of tissue from untreated control explants after 2 weeks in culture showed equal numbers of ciliated and microvillous cells. Examination by SEM of tracheas exposed to the smaller size particles revealed that ash concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml increased mucous secretion after one 2-hr exposure. After four or nine 2-hr exposures, cells contained cilia that were short and blunt. Ciliary activity after these exposures showed a significant depression in beating frequency. Tracheal ring cultures exposed to the larger volcanic ash particles exhibited moderate cytomorphological changes after one 2 hr exposure at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. As the number of exposures increased, most of the columnar cell layer was lost, resulting in exposure of the basal cells. After nine exposures at the two highest concentrations of ash (10 and 100 micrograms/ml), only a few ciliated cells were remaining. Statistically significant reductions in ciliary activity paralleled the epithelial damage. The degree of epithelial damage and changes in the cilia beating frequency were related to the dose and the number of exposures to the volcanic ash. PMID- 7323725 TI - Morphological studies on activation of peritoneal and alveolar rat macrophages and of phagocytosis by these cells. PMID- 7323726 TI - Changes associated with the growth stimulation of in vitro cultivated spheroids of human glioma cells. PMID- 7323727 TI - Surface features of normal and neoplastic human esophageal cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - Normal and neoplastic human esophageal cells were studied in vivo and in vitro by scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to elucidate surface differences between them as the cell surface may play an important role in the malignant process. Superficial biopsy specimens of normal and malignant esophageal mucosa were examined and compared. Polygonal normal esophageal surface cells were covered by a complex arrangement of microridges and bordered by well developed intercellular ridges. Malignant esophageal cells were more rounded, possessed reduced numbers of microridges and cell borders were indistinct. Cultured cells growing from explants of normal and malignant esophageal mucosa were studied. Normal esophageal cells in vitro were tightly adherent, flattened, lacked microridges and displayed few surface projections. Cultured malignant cells were not as tightly adherent and possessed abundant surface projections such as microvilli and lateral processes. Thus, distinct surface differences were recognised between normal and malignant esophageal mucosal cells both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7323728 TI - Origin and migration of cushion tissue in the developing heart. AB - The origin of cushion tissue mesenchyme in the developing chick heart was investigated by three basic methods: use of an inert metabolic marker; time lapse recording of organ-cultured heart regions; and scanning stereo-microscopy. All three approaches support the hypothesis that the endocardium is the progenitor of cushion tissue mesenchyme. Additional observations show a cell:matrix interaction by the endocardium prior to the formation of mesenchyme. It is postulated that this activity in some manner alters the underlying matrix and helps to initiate and maintain migratory activity of the mesenchyme. PMID- 7323729 TI - Myocardial filopodia during early heart development. AB - We have compared the surface architecture of embryonic chick heart myocardial cells in two different grooves to see if any regional differences in surface features could be related to the developing anatomy of the myocardium. There was a qualitative difference in filopodia distribution. The developing interventricular sulcus completely lacked them whereas the ventral groove had numerous filopodia. The ventral groove is an anatomical landmark that remains after the precardiac anlage have fused. Thus, it is a post-fusion structure. This indentation "pops out" in later development and disappears. This region is therefore more compliant than the interventricular sulcus which doesn't pop out. Filopodia are therefore not associated with fusion or infolding per se but may be related to compliance. PMID- 7323730 TI - Quantitative EPMA of biological tissue using mixtures of salts as standards. PMID- 7323731 TI - Electron probe microanalysis of frozen dried sections of heart muscle prepared using low temperature techniques. PMID- 7323732 TI - Progression of ion movements during acute myocardial infarction in the rat. An x ray microanalysis study. PMID- 7323733 TI - SEM images of block faces, cut by a miniature microtome within the SEM - a technical note. AB - A miniature microtome is described which functions within the specimen chamber of a typical SEM. SEM images are shown of successive faces of an Epon block of squid (Loligo pealei) fin nerve, cut with this instrument. The implications for 3 dimensional reconstruction are discussed. PMID- 7323734 TI - Penile blood pressure. AB - Measurement of penile blood pressure has been advocated for investigation of erectile impotence due to arterial insufficiency in the penis. Using both strain gauge plethysmography and ultrasonic technique, and expressing the penile blood pressure as an index of the brachial blood pressure, the coefficient of variation in double determinations in non-arteriosclerotic, potent men was 6%. The normal range of the index was 0.7 to 1.02. More than 90% of men with arteriosclerotic disease of the legs and penile blood pressure index below 0.60 were impotent. The penile blood pressure thus can demonstrate, though it does not exclude, arterial insufficiency in the penis. PMID- 7323735 TI - Value of testicular biopsy in diagnosing carcinoma in situ testis. AB - Quantitative histological studies on four testicles removed because of carcinoma in situ (CIS) were performed in order to determine the likelihood of diagnosing carcinoma in situ testis by biopsy. The CIS changes were evenly distributed in the testicles except for the parts adjacent to the epididymis, where the lesion was less frequent. In parts of the testicles where more than approximately 10% of the testicular volume contained tubules with CIS all simulated biopsies measuring 3 mm contained the lesion. The same was true for simulated biopsies measuring 1.5 mm when more than approximately 30% of testicular volume consisted of tubules with CIS. If the distribution of carcinoma in situ generally is similar to that found in the four analysed testicles there seems to be a high probability of detecting the disease by one or two testicular biopsies of 3 mm. PMID- 7323736 TI - Internal urethrotomy with the Sachse urethrotome. AB - 30 patients with urethral strictures treated with internal urethrotomy with the Sachse urethrotome were followed from 2-25 months postoperatively. Reexamination included retrograde urethrography and flow studies. One half of the patients were fully satisfied, one fourth reasonably so, whereas the remaining patients were dissatisfied. Urethrography and flow study revealed a considerably higher rate of recurrence than the clinical results. PMID- 7323737 TI - Focal prostatic granulomas. A sequel to transurethral resection. AB - Clinical and histologic findings in 6 cases of prostatic granuloma following transurethral prostatic resection are described. The repeat operations were performed 1 week to 14 months after the initial resection because of severe micturition urgency, voiding difficulty or persistent haematuria. Bacteriuria did not seem to be of aetiologic importance for the granulomas. In all cases the granulomas contained areas of fibrinoid necrosis, and in three cases the granulomas were surrounded by eosinophilic infiltrates. The condition is not widely recognized by pathologists, which was illustrated by the initial diagnosis of specific inflammation consistent with tuberculosis in three patients. Though the disorder seems to be self-limiting, its association with persistent haematuria after transurethral prostatic resection is noteworthy. PMID- 7323738 TI - Blood loss, tissue weight and operating time in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - The possibility of statistically significant correlation between blood loss during transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) and weight of the resected tissue and/or duration of the operation was explored in 392 patients. All had been operated on by the same surgeon, and in all cases the peroperative blood loss, weight of resected tissue and length of operation were known. A highly significant correlation was found between blood loss and tissue weight, with an overall mean of 15 ml per gram. The severity of bleeding, however, increased with duration of the operation, from 5.2 ml per minute in the smallest glands (less than 10 g) to 20.3 in the largest (greater than 80 g). Speedier surgery is therefore one possibility of reducing blood loss in TURP. In most of the cases with heavy peroperative bleeding, the operating time exceeded one hour. Surgeons should therefore try not to undertake resections that cannot be completed within 60 minutes. If the surgeon is experienced and the estimated prostatic weight less than 30 grams, preoperative crossmatching of blood is not usually necessary. PMID- 7323739 TI - Plasma concentrations of estramustine phosphate and its major metabolites in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with different doses of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). AB - Plasma concentrations of estramustine phosphate and its major metabolites were measured in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with increasing oral doses, 70-650 mg/day, of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). Parent drug and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay, and estramustine and its estrone analogue (Leo 271) utilizing gas chromatography. The concentrations of estramustine phosphate and estramustine were below or close to the limits of the methods. A linear correlation was found between the daily dose of estramustine phosphate, and plasma concentrations of Leo 271-the main metabolite-and estradiol, which suggests that no capacity limiting processes are involved in the pharmacokinetics of estramustine phosphate in man. Plasma was also analyzed during prolonged treatment with 560 mg/day. The metabolite pattern was not changed by two to three years of estramustine phosphate treatment. PMID- 7323740 TI - Transient high serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase measured by radioimmunoassay in prostatic infarction. AB - Extremely high concentration, 172-hold the upper limit of reference range, of serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase was measured by radioimmunoassay in a patient subsequently shown to have prostatic infarction associated with prostatic hyperplasia. Following retropubic prostatectomy, the serum concentration of acid phosphatase returned to normal range. This finding shows that even grossly elevated levels of prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme protein in serum are not specific for prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7323741 TI - Urodynamic studies in boys with disorders of the lower urinary tract. V. Posterior urethral folds. A pre- and postoperative study. AB - Urodynamic investigation was performed in 21 boys with posterior urethral folds. An abnormal micturition pattern characterized either by varying degree of obstruction during the course of a micturition or by constant obstruction of "stricture type" was found in nine cases. The obstruction was generally of moderate degree. No micturition pattern specific for posterior urethral folds could be shown. Ten boys had enuresis. They did not differ from the other boys in regard to urodynamic variables. On the basis of clinical indications, 16 of the boys were operated on. Postoperative urodynamic follow-up indicated definite improvement or complete normalization in most of them, though urethral resistance was slightly increased postoperatively in three cases. Patients with posterior urethral folds probably should be treated by transurethral resection only if urodynamic investigation reveals an obstruction. PMID- 7323742 TI - Clinical experiences of direct transmural measurement of the detrusor pressure. AB - The clinical value of a technique using suprapubic catheters prevesically and intravesically for detrusor pressure recordings is analysed. The method has been used in 143 investigations including both males and females. The complication rate is low, 2.8%, and the advantages of a well defined measuring level and identical measuring systems for all pressure recordings are stressed. It is also concluded that there seems to be no risk of infection. For repeated investigations, such as when, for instance a second postoperative urodynamic check is wanted, this technique does not involve any drawbacks due to surgical trauma. The technique with two suprapubic catheters is well accepted by the patients and is preferred to rectal catheters by volunteers who have tried both types. PMID- 7323745 TI - Ureterocele in adults. A follow-up study of 28 adult patients treated with transurethral diathermy incision. AB - During an 18-year period, 28 adults with ureterocele were admitted to hospital with uncertain urological or abdominal symptoms. All of the ureteroceles were treated with transurethral diathermy incision. At follow-up examination after a mean observation time of 7 years, 16 of 20 patients were free from symptoms and the other 4 had only minor loin pain or dysuria. Significant vesico-ureteric reflux or depression of the renal filtration rate did not develop in any case. It is concluded that simple transurethral incision is adequate for treatment of small or medium-sized ureteroceles in adults. PMID- 7323743 TI - Uninhibited neurogenic bladder treated with Prazosin. AB - The effect of the new alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking agent prazosin on hypermotility of the urinary bladder was investigated, using controlled cystometry in neurological patients with normal bladder or with uninhibited neurogenic bladder. In short-term administration of prazosin, the bladder capacity was markedly increased and the uninhibited detrusor contraction was diminished. Long-term treatment with prazosin gave subjectively improved micturition in patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. The cystometrograms then showed less pronounced improvement than in short-term medication. Prazosin offers a valuable supplement to the existing choice off therapeutic agents for uninhibited neurogenic bladder. Side effects of the drug were few. PMID- 7323744 TI - Transitional cell tumours of the upper urinary tract--radical or conservative treatment? PMID- 7323746 TI - The role of vesicoureteral reflux in paediatric urinary-tract infection. AB - Observations are reported from a series of 284 children, 68 boys and 216 girls, who had had one or more episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of grade II, III or VI. In 6 of the boys and 43 of the girls the Politano-Leadbetter operation for correction of VUR was performed. Only in grade III or IV VUR was the cure rate--considered solely as cessation of reflux--significantly higher in surgically than in non-surgically treated children. Irrespective of sex or mode of treatment, the number of episodes of UTI tended to diminish as the children grew older. For more precise comparisons, two individually matched groups of 40 girls were studied. One girl in each pair was operated on. Within these matched pairs, the frequency of UTI episodes according to age did not differ appreciably. Nor did the number of UTI episodes before and after the time of operation differ significantly when analysis was made according to grade of reflux. Thus, although disappearance of surgically treated grades III and IV VUR was more rapid and more frequent than spontaneous cessation of reflux, the observations in the matched pair series indicated that antireflux surgery does not affect the incidence of UTI. PMID- 7323747 TI - Pressure flow studies in hydronephrosis. AB - 44 patients with idiopathic hydronephrosis underwent intrapelvic pressure flow studies. An increased basal pressure and an increased pressure during flow loading were found compared with the findings in 10 control kidneys. The method is relatively easy to perform and has few complications. It may be of value in determining the degree of obstruction in equivocal cases of dilated pelvis. PMID- 7323748 TI - Calcium and magnesium metabolism during long-term treatment with thiazides. AB - The effects of treatment with bendroflumethiazide (2.5 mg twice daily with potassium supplements) on mineral metabolism were evaluated in 111 patients followed for a minimum period of one year. The urinary calcium decreased with approximately 30% irrespective of the pretreatment levels and remained on this lower level during follow-up. This reduction of urinary calcium was associated with a reduction of the intestinal calcium absorption. The serum calcium increased slightly in most of the patients and in 10% of them hypercalcaemia could be demonstrated at some time. In most of these cases the hypercalcaemia was slight and temporary and when sustained rapidly reversed upon withdrawal of therapy. Initially the urinary magnesium excretion increased but after two years' treatment the values were no longer raised. The serum magnesium levels showed a continued decrease during follow-up but in muscle biopsies, performed after three years treatment, no magnesium deficiency was evident. During treatment also the fasting urinary calcium was reduced, suggesting reduced bone resorption, but urinary hydroxyproline was unchanged. The serum PTH levels appeared unchanged during follow-up. Thiazides appear to cause a persisting reduction of calcium excretion, which is compensated by reduced intestinal uptake, whereas parathyroid function is unaffected. Although there was a gradual decline of serum magnesium, magnesium deficiency was not demonstrated. PMID- 7323749 TI - The composition of urinary stones analysed by infrared spectrophotometry and the precipitation of calcium phosphates from saturated solutions. AB - Of 205 consecutively analysed urinary stones, two-thirds were from men, which reflected the male: female ratio of urolithiasis cases at this hospital in the period of the study. Phosphate was found in 69.9% of the stones from male patients and in 94.2% of those from female patients. The phosphate in the urinary stones consisted of hydroxylapatite, carboxylapatite and/or MgHN4PO4. CaHPO4 could be demonstrated in only six of the 205 stones. Oxalate was present in 59.6 and 39.1% of the stones from males and females, respectively. Calcium phosphates from saturated solutions precipitated mainly as hydroxylapatite at pH levels above 5.47. Only below this level did CaHPO4 become visible in infrared spectrophotometry analysis. The solubility of calcium phosphates greatly increased with lowering of the pH. Increasing the ionic activity of the saturated solution with sodium chloride increased the solubility of calcium phosphates only to a limited extent. PMID- 7323750 TI - Unrecognized renal cell carcinoma. Clinical and diagnostic aspects. AB - In a series of 16294 autopsies 350 cases of renal cell carcinoma were found. Of these tumours 235, i.e. two thirds, were unrecognized during lifetime. Metastatic spread was revealed in 56 patients (24%) with unrecognized renal cell carcinoma and was the main cause of death of 49 patients (21%). In 67 patients (33%) a second malignant tumour was observed causing the death of 47 patients (20%). Most patients died with rather than from the renal malignancy. The symptomatology as to the renal malignancy was generally poor. Haematuria, palpable mass, polycythemia and fever of unknown origin were less common findings in the present series as compared with fatigue, loss of weight and symptoms from metastatic sites. PMID- 7323751 TI - Unrecognized renal cell carcinoma. Clinical and pathological aspects. AB - In an autopsy series comprising 235 clinically unrecognized renal cell carcinoma metastatic spread was revealed in 24%. The number of metastasizing tumours increased significantly with the size of the primary tumour. Local aggressiveness of the primary tumour was more common for large tumours but was much more closely correlated to metastatic spread than to size. Tumours ingrowth in the renal vein was significantly commoner in metastasizing tumours as compared to non metastasizing tumours. The study confirmed that an analysis as to local aggressiveness was prognostically valuable and might be useful to define the group of patients that may benefit from adjuvant therapy such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy. PMID- 7323753 TI - Prevalence and causes of proteinuria in 20-year-old Finnish men. AB - The prevalence and causes of proteinuria were studied in a cohort of 36147 men aged 20 (born in 1956). Proteinuria was found in 139 men (0.4%) at the initial screening or examination. Further investigations reduced the number of proteinuria cases to 72 (0.2%). Persistent proteinuria was demonstrated in 46 men (0.13% of the series) and orthostatic proteinuria in 26 (0.07%). Urography revealed anomalies in 18 of 104 cases. Elevated blood pressure and reduced glomerular filtration rate were observed in a few men, mainly from the group with persistent proteinuria. Renal biopsy was performed in 61 cases--38 with persistent proteinuria, 12 with orthostatic proteinuria and 11 without proteinuria at the time of examination. Light microscopy gave normal findings or showed only slight mesangial or focal glomerulonephritis in the great majority of cases. Membranous, mesangiocapillary or chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis was present in one-fourth of the men with persistent proteinuria. This was the only group with such lesions. PMID- 7323752 TI - Haematologic findings in patients with renal carcinoma. AB - Haemoglobin concentration and leukocyte and platelet counts were studied in 122 patients with renal carcinoma, 104 of whom subsequently underwent nephrectomy. In 61 of the operable patients the tumour was located within the renal capsule (group I) and in the other 43 it had invaded the perinephric tissues (group II). Eleven of the group II patients also had distant metastases in one or two sites. Multiple distant metastases precluded renal surgery in 18 patients (group III). Normochromic anaemia (haemoglobin less than 120 micrograms/l) was found in 17% and leukocytosis (greater than 8 x 10(9)/l) in 25% of the group I patients. The corresponding frequencies for group III were 72 and 67%. Severe anaemia was found in patients with localized tumours as well as in patients with extensive metastases. Thrombocytosis (400-800 x 10(9)/l) occurred in less than 20% of the patients in groups I and II, but in 42% in group III. Thrombocytopenia (less than 200 x 10(9)/l), on the other hand, which was present in 31% of the group I patients, was less common in those with metastasizing tumours. Haematologic anomalies in renal carcinoma suggest either bone-marrow metastases of tumour induced mechanisms such as production of erythropoietin or thrombopoietin and phagocytic and chemotactic effects of tumour cells or auto-immune processes. When uncorrected by nephrectomy in patients without signs of metastases, such haematologic findings suggest concomitant blood disorders. PMID- 7323754 TI - The role of chronic peritoneal dialysis in management of end-stage renal disease. AB - An analysis of the management of end-stage renal disease during a seven-year period from a nephrologic centre serving a population of about 1 million points to the increasingly important role of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Whereas peritoneal dialysis previously was used mostly on acute indications, it is now accepted as alternative long-term therapy on a par with haemodialysis. During the study period there was a rise in the total number of dialyses concomitant with lower frequency of renal transplantation. In the last year, however, a dialysis plateau seemed to be reached, and peritoneal dialyses amounted to about 30% of the total. The prospects for chronic peritoneal dialysis are discussed and the recently presented method of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is mentioned. A prominent place in the future management of end-stage renal disease is predicted for chronic peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7323755 TI - Non-invasive monitoring of cardiac function during haemodialysis. AB - The cardiac function during haemodialysis has been studied using a non-invasive method in a prospective investigation of 7 elderly patients, all of whom had an enlarged heart on the chest X-ray and in all of whom experience had shown that a fall in blood pressure developed during haemodialysis. The cardiac output was determined by impedance cardiography and showed no significant changes during dialysis. A significant rise was observed in the heart rate and this was found to reach a maximum during the periods in which the blood pressure was lowest. Left ventricular function was evaluated from the systolic time intervals, PEP/LVET (PEP = pre-ejection period and LVET = left ventricular ejection time) and the noninvasive contraction index BP diastolic/PEP. The electromechanical systole (QS2), LVET and the non-invasive contraction index all decreased significantly during dialysis, while PEP and PEP/LVET were significantly increased. All the changes were most pronounced at the time when the blood pressure was lowest. It is concluded from the investigation that the cause of the fall in blood pressure during haemodialysis of elderly patients with impaired cardiac function may be ascribed to transient reduction in left ventricular performance. PMID- 7323756 TI - Cold hypersensitivity and finger systolic blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. AB - In patients on maintenance hemodialysis the blood pressure in the fingers of the arm with arteriovenous fistula was significantly lower than in the fingers of the other arm. This is explained by the increased arterial blood flow to the arm with the fistula, giving physiological pressure reduction. Six of ten uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis complained of Raynaud's phenomenon. This was confirmed by a cold provocation test, which showed significant improvement after hemodialysis. The mechanism of Raynaud's phenomenon in these patients is assumed to be functional, but no clear explanation has been found. PMID- 7323757 TI - Prostatic carcinoma cured with hormonal treatment. A report of two cases. PMID- 7323758 TI - The prognostic value of blood-flow measurements during construction of arteriovenous fistulae. AB - The most common route of access in haemodialysis is the conventional radio cephalic fistula at the wrist. Some patients are better suited for a graft procedure, however. In order to select the most appropriate approach preoperative assessment of the veins is important. Certain observations made at operation may also be helpful. We have measured the vessel sizes and estimated blood flow before and after establishment of the fistula. 36 radio-cephalic fistulae were made in a series of patients not selected with regard to the condition of the veins, in order to find characteristics indicating a poor prognosis for the fistula. There were 8 early failures (22%), and another fistula ceased to function within 6 months. We found that a fistula flow of less than 40 ml/min immediately after construction was associated with a 70% risk of early failure, and no fistulae with such a flow rate survived 6 months. Neither vessel diameters nor preoperative blood flow in the radial artery influenced the risk of early failure. PMID- 7323759 TI - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra. A case report. AB - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a very rare entity. The presented case in a 35-year-old woman is the fourth in the literature. The tumour was localized in the wall of the urethra and infiltrated into the outer muscular layer of the urinary bladder. Metastatic spread was found in the paraaortic lymph nodes up to the level of the renal arteries. The final outcome was fatal in spite of the combined treatment with extensive surgery, cytostatic drugs and radiotherapy. PMID- 7323760 TI - Pheochromocytoma of the bladder. A case report. AB - A 39-year-old male patient with attacks of headache and tachycardia immediately after micturition is described. Systolic blood pressure of 250 mmHg was measured after voiding. Plasma noradrenaline was increased 10 to 20 times above the normal value during the attacks. Cystoscopy, arteriography, catheterization of the caval vein with sampling for plasma catecholamines and computerized tomography all supported the diagnosis of a bladder tumour. A beneficial effect of alpha receptor blockade preoperatively was demonstrated. The tumour was operatively removed from the bladder. The postoperative course was uneventful. PMID- 7323761 TI - A perinephric abscess in a diabetic woman: successful conservative treatment. A case report. PMID- 7323762 TI - CT evaluation of non-opaque renal calculus. A case report. PMID- 7323763 TI - Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland. PMID- 7323764 TI - Nursing homes and chronic mental patients: a second opinion. AB - Through a critical review of Shadish and Bootzin's (1981) work in "Nursing Homes and Chronic Mental Patients," the author defines the larger context in which this national problem occurs, presents important distinctions among various subgroups of nursing home residents, and summarizes some of the most glaring historical inadequacies of using institutions as the core of a mental health system. Through this approach, the presentation raises serious questions about Shadish and Bootzin's proposal to use nursing homes as a foundation on which to reconstruct an improved community services system for chronically mentally ill persons. PMID- 7323765 TI - Long-term community care: mental health policy in the face of reality. AB - Nursing homes play an important role in the care of chronic mental patients, and they could be used as one base on which to build a better system of care. Carling, in his article "Nursing Homes and Chronic Mental Patients: A Second Opinion," appears to question aspects of this contention. His efforts in this regard are interesting but unconvincing, though his thoughtful comments usefully elaborate the problems inherent in trying to incorporate nursing homes into the mainstream of mental health care. He more successfully uses his article to describe the National Plan for the Chronically Mentally Ill, a recent policy proposal of great merit that may some day significantly benefit metal patients. Meanwhile, mental health policy must face the reality that nursing homes are providing useful services to many chronic mental patients who have been inadequately served by current community care programs. This is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. Policy advocates need to attend to practical alternatives, not just to idealized possibilities. PMID- 7323766 TI - Editorial introduction: the paranoid as an emerging character. PMID- 7323767 TI - The paranoid as an emerging character. PMID- 7323768 TI - The epidemiology of paranoid schizophrenia. AB - Epidemiological data available on paranoid schizophrenia are noteworthy for their paucity and poor quality. Although it is commonly said that the paranoid subtype is less common in developing countries, published studies are contradictory. It has also been said that paranoid schizophrenia occurs more frequently among educated persons, but the evidence is not conclusive. Two Scandinavian studies suggest that the paranoid subtype increased in frequency during this century. Assertions that some cultures produce large numbers of paranoid persons are of great interest since schizophrenic symptomatology is partly dependent on culture. The most famous such culture, the Dobuans, are found to be a product of ethnographic bias and probably do not exist as described. This leaves the question of cultural influence on paranoid schizophrenia wide open. Two studies on the seasonality of paranoid schizophrenic births found that their birth pattern does not differ from the seasonal pattern previously established for schizophrenic births as a whole. It is concluded that the epidemiology of paranoid schizophrenia is an area of potentially fruitful inquiry and one that is mostly terra incognita. PMID- 7323769 TI - The paranoid and the schizophrenic: the case for distinct cognitive style. AB - The paranoid has traditionally been considered schizophrenic except for some rare cases which exhibit delusions but none of the other signs such as cognitive disorganization. We attempt to show that considering the paranoid as independent of schizophrenia and exhibiting varying degrees of pathology is more consistent with current research. Furthermore, we believe that there is enough description of the underlying cognitive process unique to the paranoid and distinct from the schizophrenic to warrant a separate inclusive category, and possibly the consideration of a particular personality, at least in terms of cognitive processes. We review the research in information processing and hemispheric functioning to demonstrate distinctive cognitive processing, and finally, we offer a higher order integration construct to explain the etiology of schizophrenia and paranoia in terms of thought processes. PMID- 7323771 TI - First person account: the quiet discrimination. PMID- 7323770 TI - Psychotic controls in schizophrenia research. AB - Schizophrenia is but one form of psychosis; therefore, it is important to control for the psychotic factor in studies of the schizophrenic syndrome. A survey was done of 478 articles in 15 major psychiatric and psychological journals to determine the frequency of controls for psychosis in schizophrenia research. The survey covered 10 years from 1970 to 1979. Controls for psychosis were found in 11 percent of the articles surveyed. Nonpsychotic psychiatric controls appeared with a frequency of 38 percent. Nonpsychiatric controls (mostly normals) appeared with a frequency of 73 percent. A slight trend was observed for a gradual increase in the frequency of controls for psychosis over the last several years of the decade. Much of this increase was attributable to the innovative use of nonpsychotic schizophrenics as a control for psychosis and severity of pathology. These findings suggest that more attention should be given to controls for psychosis by investigators and editors in the publishing of research on schizophrenia. PMID- 7323772 TI - Projection of precentral, premotor and prefrontal cortex to the basilar pontine grey and to nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - In the present autoradiographic study the projections from frontal lobe cortex to basilar pontine grey (GP) and to N. reticularis tegmenti pontis (RTP) have been traced in 24 monkeys. GP receives marked ipsilateral and scant contralateral projections from primary motor as well as from premotor cortex (including supplementary motor area and frontal eye field). This projection terminates in the form of thin lamellae which are folded along the longitudinal axis and which receive the input in a partly separate and partly overlapping somatotopical order. These lamellae provide the enlarged interface which seems necessary for the interaction and the processing of information converging from frontal cortex of the two hemispheres and dealing with posture and movement of functionally related parts of limbs and body. Comparatively weak and widely spread ipsilateral projections are noted from prefrontal area 9. This may indicate a functionally significant difference of prefrontal cortex with respect to the "dynamic operation of cerebro-cerebellar circuitry" (Eccles). The fronto-cortical projections to RPT and to the caudal pole of GP are also described. PMID- 7323773 TI - Neurological, psychological and polygraphic findings in sleep drunkenness. AB - Eight patients suffering from idiopathic hypersomnia with sleep drunkenness were given neurological, psychological and polygraphic investigations, and that after 4, 8 and 12 hours of nocturnal sleep. Also examined and tested were 8 controls - after 4, 8 and 0 hours of sleep during the preceding night. The patients and the controls were awakened and tested in the afternoon hours 30-45 minutes after they had fallen asleep. Under those circumstances the state of sleep drunkenness was observed in the patients in 19 instances, but only once in the controls. While experiencing sleep drunkenness the subjects were found to have prominent cerebellar signs, proprioceptive hypo- or even areflexia, signs of vestibular and, rarely, pyramidal tract involvement. Psychological tests scores and scores for the fine and gross motricity tests were substantially worse in sleep drunkenness than in wakefulness. Sleep drunkenness manifested itself in the polygraphic recordings by signs of microsleep. Pathological predisposition to the development of sleep drunkenness in hypersomniacs was found to be the most significant factor responsible for the occurrence of this state. Attention is drawn to the analogy between states of sleep drunkenness and automatic behaviour in narcoleptics and hypersomniacs as a common feature of both states. The authors believe that sleep drunkenness in idiopathic hypersomnia develops as a result of chronic relative sleep deprivation in those patients whose sleep requirements are greater than conditions of normal life can permit. PMID- 7323774 TI - [The fate of psychotic delinquents. Follow-up study]. AB - This work is a study of the fate of psychotic delinquents. In the first part, several family, individual, social and professional dates are examined in a number of 106 patients. It appears that, in addition to the psychosis, a weak intellect and a previous dissocial behaviour are the most promoting factors to delinquency. In the second part, the author reviews the evolution of psychosis among 90 patients, during an average catamnestic period of 27.85 years. She arrives to the conclusion that the illness develops in an unfavourable way. This however seems not to depend on the delinquency itself, nor on the forensic medicine measures, but is much more correlated to the form of the psychosis. PMID- 7323775 TI - [Total fusion with an object and its destruction]. AB - On the basis of four partly narcissistic-neurotic, partly narcissistically disturbed borderline-patients who are very severely disturbed in their self- and in their object-representation the author explains how total fusion-tendencies may become fatal for the object, if this wants to separate itself even just a bit. The object turns then abruptly from a "good" into a "bad" one. In a fifth example it is described how, in deep and especially in the endogenous depression, the fusion-tendency with a near object may lead to an expanded suicide. The danger, which should not be underestimated, for near related persons of these heavily narcissistically disturbed, respectively - in the depression - emptied human beings is underlined. Forensic viewpoints which follow the destruction of the object because of a total fusion-tendency are discussed. PMID- 7323776 TI - [The differentiation between delirium tremens and Wernicke's encephalopathy by the examination of acoustically evoked brain-stem potentials]. PMID- 7323777 TI - [Comparative follow-up survey of psychiatric invalids]. AB - Within a five-years-period data about 200 psychic disabled patients (100 from the canton of Basel-country, and 100 from the canton of Basel-town) were collected in respect to their person as well as to the progress of their illness. These patients differed from the general population in the following important points: More single people (unmarried and divorced persons) are found that in the general population of the same age (p less than 0.01). Foreigners are underrepresented (p less than 0.01). Subdivided into social classes (Bolte) it was striking that 71% of the patients belong to the lower class, whereas the upper class is not represented. 10.5% of all patients were not able to finish their professional education because of their illness. Schizophrenia was the most mentioned diagnosis (46.5%), followed by the diagnosis "abnormal psychic development" (inclusively neuroses: 34.5%). The progress of illness shows that 7% of all patients did not need the invalidity-pension any more after five years. Half of them are patients who fell ill already in the late puberty. Patients who were taken ill on abnormal psychic development after their 40th year show unfavourable progress of illness: Except for one foreign patient and two of nine patients who returned to their home-country and who were not included in this study, no tendency of recovery has been noticed. The number of patients who died during the five years of observation (21 deceased on 200 living) is very high. This figure of mortality is 7.4 times (canton of Basel-country) and 8.1 times (canton of Basel-town) higher than the mortality of the same age group of the general population. It is also higher in comparison with the average of the respective illness groups as stated by Ciompi and Muller. The cause of death is suicide in 48%. In another 24%, suicidal impulses could have been inherent. Also the number of hospitalisations is very high: Only 22% of the patients were never in a hospital. In comparison 12% were once and 66% more than once or longer than one year in a hospital. PMID- 7323778 TI - Developments in epidemiological studies on rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The present state of epidemiological knowledge concerning rheumatoid arthritis is summarized. The potential for further epidemiological approaches to rheumatoid arthritis is indicated and priorities listed for the future directions of such studies. PMID- 7323779 TI - Working ability of 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The working ability of 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) diagnosed between 1952 and 1959 was investigated. After 25 years of AS, 48% of the patients were still able to work at their original occupation and only 30% were unable to work at all. 17% of the patients had had to change their occupation and 5% had retired because of age. This finding does not differ from those reported in earlier studies. PMID- 7323780 TI - Platelet kinetics in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with special reference to corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. AB - Duplicate platelet survival studies were carried out on 10 patients with SLE. At the time of the first study 5 of them (group I) were untreated and the remaining 5 (group II) were receiving corticosteroid (CS) therapy. The second study was performed while group I patients received CS and group II patients CS + azathioprine (AT) treatment. Untreated SLE patients were shown to have normal values for platelet mean life-span (MLS) and platelet production rate. CS and AT treatment did not affect either platelet MLS or platelet production rate. The present study also provides further evidence that a state of compensated thrombocytolysis is not present in SLE. PMID- 7323781 TI - Surface replacement of the hip in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Seventeen resurfacing arthroplasties undertaken in 13 patients with severe hip arthritis are described. The youngest patient was 14 years and the mean age 23 years. The average follow-up time is 2 years. In one patient, pain-free for 7 months, the femoral cup slipped and revision into total hip replacement was easily performed. The remaining patients are pain-free, have increased motion, a better walking capacity and can enjoy sex life. The tremendous improvement in quality of life for these young patients justifies operation even if all may have to be converted into total hip replacement within a couple of years, although there is nothing to indicate that in this early follow-up. PMID- 7323782 TI - The effect of plasma exchange on synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eight patients with a severe exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis were treated by twice weekly plasma-exchange for 3 weeks in order to evaluate the effect of plasma-exchange on synovitis. During the plasma-exchange period, patients remained on the drug regimen they were on at admission to the hospital. Plasma was replaced isovolemically with human, purified plasma protein fraction. Improvement in clinical parameters of synovitis and serological parameters of inflammation occurred in almost all patients. After 6 months the clinical remissions were sustained. Three patients experienced a rebound synovitis and one patient a rebound vasculitis at the end of or just after the plasma-exchange period. The rebound phenomena were moderate and of short duration. Plasma exchange may exert its beneficial effects by depleting important mediators of injury such a complement fibrinogen and circulating immune complexes, by improving reticuloendothelial function, and by increasing the drug response of the inflammatory target tissue. The role of depletion of circulating immune complexes was not so clear in this study. It is concluded that limited plasma exchange is an effective means to induce a symptomatic improvement in an acute exacerbation of polyarthritis, without changing the basic therapy and thus avoiding corticosteroid dependency. PMID- 7323784 TI - Intraosseous pressures in the knee in relation to simulated joint effusion, joint position, and venous obstruction. An experimental study in growing dogs. AB - The present study was performed in 9 mongrel puppies, 8-10 weeks old. Under anaesthesia simultaneous pressure registrations were taken from the distal femoral metaphysis, the distal femoral epiphysis, the proximal tibial epiphysis together with the arterial pressure. An intra-articular pressure increase resulted in a significant increase in the intraosseous pressure in the distal femoral epiphysis, while the pressures in the femoral metaphysis and tibial epiphysis remained unchanged. During maximal flexion of the empty joint a significant increase in femoral epiphyseal pressure was observed, while maximal extension resulted in a significant increase in tibial epiphyseal pressure. The presence of a moderate intra-articular effusion augmented these findings. By selective ligation of the venous drainage from the juxta-articular bones in the popliteal fossa and on the femur, different levels of epiphyseal hypertension could be produced. These pressure increases never reached the level of the arterial pressure. Thus they revealed only a partial impairment of the vascular circulation in the juxta-articular bones. PMID- 7323786 TI - Leukocyte migration and phagocytosis in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Experiments "in vitro" have been performed to study the chemotactic and phagocytotic response of PMN in 9 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Their granulocytes showed a normal behaviour in all of these functions, when compared with healthy volunteers as controls. PMID- 7323785 TI - Dermatoglyphics and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Finger tip and palmar dermatoglyphics of 37 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared to 100 female controls; patients and controls were native inhabitants of the Eastern part of Austria. SLE patients had a significantly higher frequency of low endings of line A on both hands, and-on the left hand-significantly more patterns in the fourth and fewer patterns in the third interdigitum. There was no association between these dermatoglyphic features and the HLA antigens (B8 an DRw3), which occurred most frequently in our SLE patients. PMID- 7323783 TI - Familial systemic lupus erythematosus and C4 deficiency. AB - A heterozygous state for C4 deficiency was found in 14 members of a family with familial SLE. The HLA analysis in this family permitted us to re-establish the linkage assumed to exist between the gene (or genes) controlling the synthesis of the fourth component of the complement and the major histocompatibility complex. In addition, it was found that the complement deficiency is not necessarily associated with any serological or clinical abnormality. The heterozygous state for C4 deficiency can be added to the various serological abnormalities described in asymptomatic members of families with familial SLE. It is as yet unknown whether this deficiency may predispose to the subsequent development of SLE. PMID- 7323787 TI - Increased mortality among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, but where RA does not appear on death certificate. Eleven-year follow-up of an epidemiological study. AB - We have performed an 11-year follow-up study on mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The population was selected by random sampling and consisted of 293 persons with RA fulfilling two sets of relevant criteria and a contrast group of 453 healthy persons. The mortality in the RA group was found elevated, when compared with both the contrast group and the general Stockholm population. The mortality was correlated with the severity of the disease, as defined by the numbers of criteria for RA fulfilled, the Steinbrocker functional grading, and serological titres. The differences in the distribution of causes of death between RA and contrast groups were not large enough to warrant special consideration. Only 9 out of 84 death certificates in the RA group mentioned rheumatic disease, and 4 of these had RA as underlying cause of death. PMID- 7323788 TI - Drug reimbursement in four Nordic countries. AB - The purpose of the present study was to describe the reimbursement systems in use for the reimbursement of medicaments purchased within the state compulsory health (sickness) insurance systems in four Nordic countries, and to study whether and how reimbursement for drug consumption. During the study period drug reimbursement has been selective in Denmark and Norway, but in Finland and Sweden it had been a mixture of selective (free drugs) and unselective (partially reimbursed drugs). The use of drug reimbursement as a control measure to regulate the quality and quantity of drug consumption has not been explicit. With the exception of monetary costs, the objectives of the control have not been explicitly stated, and administrative practices have sometimes been arbitrary. Even though at first sight the Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish systems of free medications may appear alike, a more detailed analysis of diseases and drugs showed tht the comprehensiveness and contents of the schemes differed. The differences seemed largely of an administrative nature. The financial costs of drug reimbursement had risen rapidly and varied from one country to another, being highest in Sweden. PMID- 7323790 TI - Some methodologic problems encountered in occupational health research. AB - The sources of error encountered in occupational health epidemiology present unique and difficult problems. Knowledge of these possible sources of error is essential for the proper design of studies interpretation of study results. This article describes important sources of bias in occupational health research including healthy worker selection, information bias and the differential distribution of workplace health services. The paper emphasizes that reference groups must be chosen with extreme care in order to avoid potential problems of healthy worker selection. In addition, knowledge of the process by which diseases are diagnosed is important in planning appropriate study designs. PMID- 7323789 TI - Costs of needs for resources in hospital care. A calculation model and applications is some typical cases in orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 7323792 TI - Ill-health in families of infants with low rate of weight gain. AB - The present work investigated ill-health in 52 families of infants admitted to hospital with low rate of weight gain. Ill-health is measured as annual days of sickness cash entitlement, which is registered for all citizens within the state compulsory insurance scheme, with no waiting period. In the 34 families with infants having a weight gain outside the -2 S.D. limit there was a clear overrepresentation of fathers with high annual number of days of sick leave. The chief reasons for sick leave were skeletomuscular diagnoses. Comparisons are made with 18 families with infants having low rate of weight gain but within the 2.S.D. limit and 72 control families. Mothers of infants with subnormal increments tend to have more health problems than the other groups, but the differences are small. This can be explained by the use of the parent's cash benefit which covered the mothers during 210 days of the observed period, and by the differences in income between mothers and fathers. It is concluded that ill health is overrepresented in families with infants presenting subnormal weight gain. PMID- 7323791 TI - Previous job and health at the age of 70. AB - The influence of previous job on health at the age of 70 has been investigated in two representative contrast groups belonging to the population study "70-year olds in Gothenburg". Anamnestic information, clinical and laboratory data were compared in probands with sedentary work and with arduous manual work. An increased incidence of traumatic injury and an inability to hear whispering at a distance of 5 meters were observed among the heavy workers. In this group, there was also a statistically significantly increased frequency of cyanosis, dyspnea, and post-inflammatory sequelae found on X-ray examination, even if an association between facial cyanosis and exposure to wide ranging atmospheric temperatures and ultraviolet irradiation must be considered. Although the blood pressure levels were almost identical the comparison between the two contrast groups showed an increased incidence of hypertension configuration of the heart and an elongation of the aorta among the manual workers. Thus, the main differences indicated that arduous work was associated with increased risk of traumatic injury, impaired hearing and a certain pulmonary dysfunction, whereas no difference was found in the prevalence of circulatory diseases and diseases of the back and peripheral joints, for example. A very generalized conclusion might be that in the group of elderly people having survived to the age of 70 previous job had not markedly influenced their state of health. PMID- 7323793 TI - Prevalence and management of arterial hypertension in a population sample of Swedish women. AB - Blood pressure measurements were performed in a comprehensive population study of women in Goteborg, Sweden, which was carried out in 1968-69. Altogether 1 462 women were studied in five age strata between 38 and 60 years of age. They were representative for the ages studied. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 18%, if those with systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg or diastobolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg or both and all on antihypertensive treatment are defined as hypertensives. The percentages increased from 5% of women aged 38, to 49% of women aged 60. Out of those defined as hypertensives, 74% were not receiving antihypertensive treatment, and among those on treatment 61% had systolic blood pressures greater than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressures greater than 95 mmHg, or both. PMID- 7323794 TI - [Poisoning by adulterated edible oil]. AB - In spring 1981, thousands of people living in Madrid were intoxicated by adulterated edible oil containing oleoanilide and probably other toxic substances. Due to increasing international travel Swiss doctors may also be faced with this particular disease. The case is reported of a 28-year-old woman who presented in May 1981 with a highly febrile influenza-like syndrome after consuming the adulterated oil while in Madrid. In the following weeks she developed myopathy, characterized by muscular weakness and pain, aldolase elevation and typical electromyographic disturbances, as well as edema and general discomfort. The white cell count showed eosinophilia up to 2170/mm3. Five months later, the symptoms are still continuing. Other members of the family have been exposed to the oleoanilide and exhibited various abnormalities which constitute a new clinical syndrome different from previously reported intoxications by industrial oil. PMID- 7323796 TI - [Reference values of various clinicochemical parameters in warm-blooded horses]. PMID- 7323795 TI - [Sudden death in children and adolescents, carriers of an unrecognized cystic medionecrosis of the aorta]. AB - Four instances of sudden death in childhood and adolescence with autopsy findings are presented. In the four cases unsuspected cystic medionecrosis of the aorta was discovered. In three of the four patients it was associated with a cardiovascular malformation, viz (1) double coarctation of the aorta, (2) coarctation of the aorta associated with Ebstein anomaly, and (3) subvalvular aortic stenosis. In three patients ocular abnormalities were demonstrated as an additional autopsy finding. Only one child could be said to have the Marfan habitus. We suggest that until new biological criteria emerge such observations should remain classified under the eponym of Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7323797 TI - [Grass sickness in the horse]. PMID- 7323798 TI - [Pattern of alpine ski accidents]. PMID- 7323799 TI - [Skiing accidents in children]. PMID- 7323800 TI - [Wrist injuries in winter sports]. PMID- 7323802 TI - [Fatal cranio-cerebral injuries caused by skiing accidents and their prevention]. PMID- 7323801 TI - [Winter sport injuries of the hand]. PMID- 7323803 TI - [Diagnosis of muscle function using Janda's method. Results of and examination of skiers on the Swiss and Liechtenstein National Teams]. PMID- 7323804 TI - Fibrinogen and fibrin. PMID- 7323805 TI - Analysis of volatile halogenated organic compounds in fish. AB - A method for the analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in biological samples has been developed. Extraction efficiencies for various C1 and C2 halocarbons were found to be in the range of 63--82%, and recoveries were fairly good. The detection limits lie in the sub-ppb range (0.1--1 ppb). The method has been used to analyse fish samples from both unpolluted and polluted areas in Norway. The compounds most frequently found were chloroform, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in concentrations ranging from 10--1000 ppb. From one area, corresponding water and fish samples were analysed which made it possible to estimate accumulation factors for chloroform and trichloroethylene, which were found to be 200--500 and 1400 respectively. PMID- 7323806 TI - Total organically-bound chlorine and bromine in Lake Ontario herring gull eggs, 1977, by instrumental neutron activation and chromatographic methods. AB - In order to determine the extent to which organically-bound chlorine in Herring Gull eggs from Lake Ontario can be accounted for by gas chromatographic analysis, comparison was made with values obtained for total chlorine using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Total chlorine and bromine (mg/kg fresh weight of egg) was determined by INAA on crude extract (Cl, 65 +/- 35; Br, 1.03 +/- 1.00), Florisil-chromatography treated extracts (Cl, 46 +/- 10; Br, 0.93 +/- 0.82) and H2SO4-treated extracts (Cl, 43 +/- 11; Br, 0.44 +/- 0.22) of eggs collected from seven colonies around Lake Ontario in 1977. Levels of chlorine were also determined by gas chromatography using the Hall electrolytic conductivity detector (51 +/- 11 mg/kg) and estimated by conversion of levels of individual residues determined by electron-capture gas chromatography (61 +/- 12 mg/kg). The agreement between the various determinations indicated that PCBs, DDE, mirex and photomirex accounted for most of the organically-bound chlorine. Two colonies had total chlorine levels in crude extracts 2--4 times higher than could be accounted for by know compounds. The "excess" chlorine was removed by H2SO4-treatment or Florisil clean-up. The same two samples had abnormally high bromine levels, possibly indicating the presence of compounds formed during aqueous chlorination processes. PMID- 7323808 TI - Clinical trials: design and analysis. PMID- 7323807 TI - An investigation of organic compounds in night soil and the treated water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Although the rates of removal of BOD and other indicators have been studied for the evaluation of night soil treatment plant, there is no report about organic compounds. In order to identify trace amounts of organic compounds in night soil treatment plant at each process stage, the organic compounds in the night soil and in the treated water were subjected to anaerobic methods and analyzed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Cholesterol and coprostanol as fecal sterols, indoles as odor substances and dichlorobenzene, cresol and phenol as disinfectants used in toilets were identified in the sample of night soil. As a result of anaerobic treatment the fecal sterols were degraded, oxindole remained, and phenylacetic acid was identified as a metabolite from tryptophan. These organic compounds were completely degraded by the aerobic treatment when phthalates and adipate were identified in the effluent. PMID- 7323809 TI - Preclinical drug development: rationale and methods. PMID- 7323810 TI - Human tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice as a preclinical screen for anticancer agents. PMID- 7323811 TI - The Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 7323812 TI - Statistical contributions to phase II trials in cancer: interpretation, analysis and design. PMID- 7323813 TI - Randomized clinical trials: design and analysis. PMID- 7323814 TI - Patients and physicians as obstacles to a randomized trial. PMID- 7323815 TI - Cancer clinical trials. A rational basis for use of historical controls. PMID- 7323816 TI - Ethical considerations in randomized clinical trials. PMID- 7323818 TI - Role of the FDA in cancer therapy research. PMID- 7323817 TI - Legal considerations in clinical cancer research. PMID- 7323819 TI - New designs for radiation oncology research in clinical trials. PMID- 7323820 TI - Clinical trials in the community. PMID- 7323821 TI - Antepartum fetal testing: evaluation and redefinition of criteria for clinical interpretation. PMID- 7323822 TI - Ultrasonographic study of fetal movements. PMID- 7323823 TI - The neurophysiologic and clinical implications of studies on fetal motor behavior. PMID- 7323824 TI - 1981 SMA lecture: ethics, the profession and the nation. PMID- 7323825 TI - Patterns of pneumonia in Singapore General Hospital. PMID- 7323826 TI - Home glucose monitoring in Singapore-its benefits and practicability. PMID- 7323827 TI - Primary systemic amyloidosis-a variant of plasma cell dyscrasia. PMID- 7323828 TI - Rehabilitation of cerebrovascular disease with neurological deficits-results of 500 cases treated between 1973 & 1978. PMID- 7323829 TI - The use of fluphenazine decanoate (Modecate)depot therapy in outpatient schizophrenics-a retrospective study. PMID- 7323830 TI - "Torsade de pointes" - A unique ventricular arrhythmia report of eight cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7323831 TI - Prinzmetal's angina in Singapore. PMID- 7323832 TI - The organisation and rehabilitation of the post myocardial infarction patient. PMID- 7323833 TI - Patient reaction to the Singapore General Hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme. PMID- 7323834 TI - Rehabilitation of the coronary patient. PMID- 7323835 TI - Re: Rosoxacin (trade name Eradacil) for the treatment of gonorrhoea. PMID- 7323836 TI - Psychosocial stress and its relationship to illness behavior and illnesses encountered commonly by family practitioners. PMID- 7323837 TI - Symptom reporting at the menopause. PMID- 7323838 TI - Obsessive-compulsive behaviour in American medicine. PMID- 7323839 TI - The background, design and use of a short interview to assess social stress and support in research and clinical settings. PMID- 7323840 TI - Rejection and the use of chemical agents. PMID- 7323841 TI - Anxiety and performance on oral examination. PMID- 7323842 TI - Medical compliance and the clinician-patient relationship: a review. PMID- 7323843 TI - An analysis of social perceptions of epilepsy: increasing rationalization as seen through the theories of Comte and Weber. PMID- 7323844 TI - Physician-nurse perceptions of styles of power usage. PMID- 7323845 TI - The impact of clinical encounter events on patient and physician satisfaction. PMID- 7323846 TI - The use of valium as a form of social control. PMID- 7323847 TI - The interpretation of women's experience: a critical appraisal of the literature on breast cancer. PMID- 7323848 TI - Parent talk at intensive care unit rounds. PMID- 7323849 TI - Age- and sex-related differences in patterns of drug overdose and abuse. PMID- 7323850 TI - Stressful life events, psychological symptoms, and psychosocial adjustment in Anglo, Black, and Cuban elderly. PMID- 7323851 TI - The perception of different occupations within the medical profession. PMID- 7323852 TI - Attitudes toward psychiatric treatment among hospitalized patients: a review of quantitative research. PMID- 7323853 TI - Birth placement and childhood disadvantage. PMID- 7323854 TI - Ripe and unripe: concepts of health and sickness in Ayurvedic medicine. PMID- 7323855 TI - Intestinal parasitism in seminomadic pastoralists and subsistence farmers in and around irrigation schemes in the Awash Valley, Ethiopia, with special emphasis on ecological and cultural associations. PMID- 7323856 TI - Disease classification in rural Ghana: framework and implications for health behaviour. PMID- 7323857 TI - Methods used in induced abortion in Bangladesh: an anthropological perspective. PMID- 7323858 TI - Diagnosis and cure: the resort to traditional and modern medical practitioners in the North Solomons, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7323860 TI - Roasting, smoking and dieting in response to birth: malay confinement in cross cultural perspective. PMID- 7323859 TI - Non-use of physicians: methodological approaches, policy implications, and the utility of decision models. PMID- 7323861 TI - Health problems in a Swedish county--what can we learn from official sources? PMID- 7323862 TI - More data on post-surgical deaths related to the 1976 Los Angeles doctor slowdown. PMID- 7323863 TI - Mental health deinstitutionalization and the regional economy: a model and case study. PMID- 7323864 TI - "How permanent are NHS waiting lists?". PMID- 7323865 TI - Clinical decision-making a response to a reply. PMID- 7323866 TI - Geographical patterns of cardiac arrests: an exploratory model. PMID- 7323867 TI - The seasonality of mortality in Alaska. PMID- 7323868 TI - Regional mortalitty differences in Western Europe: a review of the situation in the seventies. PMID- 7323869 TI - Multihospital systems in the United States: a geographical overview. PMID- 7323870 TI - Deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill: a time path analysis of the American States, 1955-1975. PMID- 7323871 TI - [Factors associated with the utilization of health care services in rural areas]. PMID- 7323872 TI - Locational variation in mental health care utilization dependent upon diagnosis: a Canadian example. PMID- 7323873 TI - Assigning service-dependent elderly to appropriate treatment settings. PMID- 7323874 TI - Some factors affecting attendance at ante-natal clinics. PMID- 7323875 TI - [Experience in organizing preliminary medical examinations in large industrial cities]. PMID- 7323876 TI - [Statistical evaluation of the confidence of the difference between indices of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity]. PMID- 7323877 TI - [Stability of the weight-growth correlations of schoolchildren in various areas of the USSR]. PMID- 7323878 TI - [Characteristics for determining the disbursement standards for the wear replacement of hospital bedding, linens and uniforms]. PMID- 7323879 TI - [Improving the qualifications of information service workers in medical research institutions]. PMID- 7323880 TI - [Determination of the volume of ambulatory polyclinic care for persons suffering from systemic diseases of the circulatory organs]. PMID- 7323881 TI - [Genetics and digestive system diseases]. PMID- 7323882 TI - [Hepatic blood vessel occlusion]. PMID- 7323883 TI - [Modern diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7323884 TI - [Advances in endoscopy in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7323885 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the esophagus and cardia]. PMID- 7323887 TI - [Problems with anatomy and histology terminology]. PMID- 7323886 TI - [Problems in the surgical treatment of rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 7323888 TI - [Drug therapy of ulcer disease]. PMID- 7323889 TI - [Functional diagnosis of diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 7323890 TI - [Nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 7323891 TI - [Drug therapy of acute and chronic liver insufficiency]. PMID- 7323892 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of malignant liver tumors]. PMID- 7323893 TI - [Dose measurement in pediatric roentgenologic examinations]. PMID- 7323894 TI - [Somatic radiation risk in various mammography technics]. PMID- 7323895 TI - [Adjustment of the outline of a humanoid phantom to individual body sections]. PMID- 7323896 TI - [A new technic for the sonographic demonstration of small gallstones]. PMID- 7323897 TI - [The site and technic of colostomy in children]. PMID- 7323898 TI - [Mesenteric cyst as a cause of ileus]. PMID- 7323899 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in children]. PMID- 7323900 TI - [Splenic cysts in children]. PMID- 7323901 TI - [Right-sided diaphragmatic hernias in children]. PMID- 7323902 TI - [Surgical technic in retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy]. PMID- 7323903 TI - [19 years' experience with treatment of spinal dysraphia]. PMID- 7323904 TI - [An unusual cause of postoperative ileus in a child]. PMID- 7323906 TI - [Treatment of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7323905 TI - [Results of the modified Palomo operation in children]. PMID- 7323907 TI - [Traumatic asphyxia in a 16-month-old child]. PMID- 7323908 TI - [Experience with a new type of vascular prosthesis "Microfrote", made in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7323909 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the dimorphism of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Whole cells or cell walls of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum were treated successively with sodium hydroxide, beta-1,3-glucanase and pronase. The microfibrils in the insoluble residues, probably composed of chitin, were examined in the electron microscope. In the yeastlike form, tightly interwoven, randomly oriented microfibrils were seen. On the other hand, in the mycelial form, a large portion of microfibrils tended to lie in a more or less longitudinal orientation. A role of chitin in the conversion from the yeastlike form to the mycelial form is discussed. PMID- 7323910 TI - Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Microsporum cookei: effect of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7323912 TI - [Congenital dyserythropoiesis with erythroblastic polyploidy. Report of a variety found in Argentinian Mesopotamia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323911 TI - Experimental cryptococcosis in mice treated with diacetoxyscirpenol, a mycotoxin of fusarium. PMID- 7323913 TI - [Possible multiclonal origin in the early steps of the preleukaemic processes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323914 TI - [Phagocytosis of immune complexes. Its diagnostic and pathological role in idiopathic myelofibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323915 TI - [Fibrinogen Pamplona. A new molecular variant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323916 TI - [Bleeding time assessment by two different methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323917 TI - [Survival of human isologous platelets labelled with chromium-51 after storage at room temperature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323918 TI - [Primary splenic neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323919 TI - [Anti-factor XI circulating anticoagulant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323920 TI - [Type II congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323921 TI - [Classical factor VII deficit. Study of a new family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323922 TI - [Oh (bombay) erythrocyte phenotype (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323923 TI - [Distribution of 159 cases of acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) according to the FAB classification, and prognostic correlations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323924 TI - [Life-expectancy in the acute leukaemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323925 TI - [Illness and death of leukemic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323926 TI - [Medical and health service cooperation in the treatment of acute leukemias]. PMID- 7323927 TI - [Leukemia: a challenge to hope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323928 TI - [Clinico-morphological classification of acute leukaemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323929 TI - [Bone-marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323930 TI - [An introduction to the epidemiological study of acute leukaemia in Spain. Analysis of the data available and national morbidity and mortality survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323931 TI - [Controlled clinical trials. Cooperative groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323932 TI - [Supportive therapy in patients with acute leukaemia. Assessment of empirical antibiotics in the treatment of 38 febrile episodes diagnosed in 21 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323933 TI - Clinical social work roles in an integrative, interdisciplinary team: enhancing parental compliance. AB - This paper is directed toward those attempting to develop effective social work functions within an interdisciplinary treatment team and utilizes a specialized group as a demonstration model. The Inborn Errors of Metabolism Team at the University of Tennessee Child Development Center deals with children whose genetic disorders require precise dietary management for the prevention of various handicapping conditions including mental retardation. Representatives of the six disciplines forming the core team recognize that professional interdependence must combine with parental cooperation if the program is to succeed. The clinical social worker is a permanent member of the team and focuses on the family during the years each child is followed. Social work roles are multiple and include those of crisis interventionist, family therapist, marriage counselor, patient advocate, and team interpreter. Such social work involvement is essential in the holistic approach to long-term patient care which recognizes that no disorder exists apart from the patient, nor the patient from his family. PMID- 7323934 TI - Psychosocial stress in genetic disorders: a guide for social workers. AB - Genetic disease affects not only the patients with the diagnosed genetic condition or the carrier of the genetic trait, but also parents, siblings, grandparents, spouses, and the community in which the patient lives. This paper delineates some of the major personal and social cost of genetic disease on a number of levels: personal, marital, parental, family, group, and community. Genetic social work is emerging as an essential new service to persons needing help with the emotional impact of a genetic diagnosis. It is important for social workers to be aware of all levels of stress associated with a genetic disorder in order to help individuals and those close to them cope with the diagnosis or occurrence of a genetic disorder, with the threat of a genetic disorder, and with the recurrent life stresses which they may encounter. PMID- 7323935 TI - Ethical dilemmas for social workers in discharge planning. PMID- 7323936 TI - Development of an education program for parents of children with cancer. AB - A structured education program for parents of children with cancer has been developed and has undergone pilot testing. Content included both medical and psychosocial materials. The parent education program supplemented the existing educational and emotional support services of a large, childhood cancer treatment center. Written materials, self-instructional exercises, lectures, visual aids, and small group discussions were incorporated into the program. This variety of topics and teaching techniques was appealing to parents and appeared to enhance learning. Parents enthusiastically attended the program pilots, gained and retained the new information, and appeared to benefit emotionally from their participation. PMID- 7323937 TI - The social work home visit in a health care setting. PMID- 7323939 TI - Juvenile diabetes: current trends in psychosocial research. PMID- 7323938 TI - Social and emotional needs of geriatric surgery patients. AB - This review of the social and emotional needs of 90 geriatric surgery patients identifies geriatric surgery as precipitant to crisis in social experience. The patient's personal growth and capacity to mobilize synergy within his/her social systems can be stimulated through the social work relationship. The role of the physician in facilitating that relationship to help patient and family handle stress related to medical crises and appropriate discharge planning emerges as crucial both in timing and understanding. With the exception of patients in a late phase of terminal illness and those confronted with exceptionally complicated medical-social realities, most of these patients were able, with adequate social work help and community support, to function outside an institution. Their movement through various levels of care in the health system required sustained social work help adapted to individual need. PMID- 7323940 TI - LSD as a discriminative stimulus: role of dorsal raphe nucleus. PMID- 7323941 TI - Subsensitivity to norepinephrine as a link between adaptation to stress and chronic alcohol ingestion: an hypothesis. PMID- 7323942 TI - Does chronic halothane exposure alter brain electrical activity? Sensory evoked potentials recorded from cortex, diencephalon, and mesencephalon in freely behaving rats. PMID- 7323943 TI - Acute and chronic effects on ethanol on hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzymes. PMID- 7323944 TI - Morphine concentrations in the rat after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. PMID- 7323945 TI - Morphine pretreatment influences reactivity of isolated rat arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 7323946 TI - Expression of spleen cell immunoglobulin phenotype in hybrids with myeloma cell lines. AB - Fusions were performed between myeloma cell lines, of mouse and rat origin, and mouse or rat spleen cells. Two statistical methods have been used to measure the proportion of hybrids expressing a spleen cell-derived immunoglobulin phenotype, one of them applicable to cells growing under nonlimiting dilution conditions. The results indicate that there is strong preferential selection for hybrid cell growth with an immunoglobulin-secreting phenotype. The degree of preferential selection is dependent upon the myeloma cell line used and is most marked in the case of the rat myeloma lines. Surviving hybrids seem to originate from fusions of myeloma and spleen B(but not T) cells, but immunoglobulin production is lost more readily in certain combinations. PMID- 7323947 TI - Confirmational, provisional, and/or regional assignment of 15 enzyme loci onto Chinese hamster autosomes 1, 2, and 7. AB - PEG-mediated fusion between mouse Cl1d cells and primary Chinese hamster spleen cells produced interspecific hybrids which slowly and nonrandomly segregated Chinese hamster chromosomes. Cytogenetic and isozyme analysis (31 loci) of HAT and BrdU selected hybrid clones and subclones and of members of a hybrid clone panel retaining different combinations of Chinese hamster chromosomes enabled provisional assignment of the following enzyme loci on Chinese hamster chromosomes: thymidine kinase, galactokinase, and acid phosphatase-1 to chromosome 7; galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase to chromosome 2; and adenosine kinase, esterase D, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase, nucleoside phosphorylase, peptidases B and S, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) 2 to chromosome 1. Assignments of PGM1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and enolase 1 to chromosome 2 were confirmed, and a chromosome 2 deletion (q23-q33) enabled the provisional assignment of PGM1 to that region. The assignments provide markers for the study of the genetic consequences of chromosomal rearrangements in Chinese hamster cell lines and support the concept of conservation of mammalian autosomal linkage groups. PMID- 7323948 TI - Specific chromosome loss associated with the expression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. AB - Four related nontumorigenic and tumorigenic HeLa x fibroblast intraspecific human hybrid cell lines were analyzed to determine whether specific chromosome(s) are associated with the control of tumorigenic expression. The loss of one copy each of both chromosome 11 and chromosome 14 were associated, with a high degree of statistical significance, with the expression of tumorigenicity in two segregants derived from the original nontumorigenic hybrid population. Although the parental origin of the chromosomes could not be established in this study, our preliminary results suggest that complex, genetically determined, regulatory interactions may operate in the control of neoplastic expression. PMID- 7323949 TI - Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: IX Suppression of anchorage independence in hybrids between transformed hamster cell lines. AB - In many hybrid cell systems fusion of normal cells to tumorigenic cells suppresses the transformed phenotype. We have now examined the expression of anchorage independence, one characteristic of the transformed phenotype, in hybrids between different anchorage-independent Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Examination of many different crosses was facilitated by a rapid screening procedure. Instead of isolating individual hybrid clones, the fraction of hybrid cells that were anchorage independent was estimated directly after fusion and compared to the total hybrid recovery. Seven different anchorage-independent cell lines were crossed to derivatives of the previously characterized CHEF/16 tumorigenic cell line. Two of these cell lines gave anchorage-independent hybrids, while the 5 others gave anchorage-dependent hybrids. These results support previous observations with interspecies hybrids that the transformed phenotype can be suppressed in hybrids between transformed cells. We interpret these results as showing that there are at least two alternative genomic changes by which Chinese hamster fibroblasts can become anchorage independent. PMID- 7323950 TI - Reformation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in revertants from CHO mutant tsH1. AB - A direct correlation was found to exist between increased thermolability of leucyl-tRNA synthetase and loss of the high-molecular-weight enzyme complexes in the CHO cell mutant tsH1 and its revertants. This was shown to occur apart from a differential thermostability between the complexes themselves and is supported by Michaelis constant determinations. PMID- 7323951 TI - Recovery of heterokaryons at high cell densities following isolation using irreversible biochemical inhibitors. AB - The selection of heterokaryons using irreversible biochemical inhibitors provides an effective method for isolating fusion products between any types of cultured cells. One weakness of the technique is that the surviving heterokaryons can only be obtained at low culture densities, making their analysis cumbersome. This report describes the use of Ficoll-sodium diatrizoate gradients to partially separate viable from nonviable cells and characterizes the effects of initial plating density and medium volume on heterokaryon survival. The combined result of optimizing these parameters increases cell rescue and permits heterokaryons to attach at densities of 60,000 cells/cm 2 instead of 600 cells/cm 2. These modifications substantially improve the ease of using irreversible biochemical inhibitors to isolate purified populations of heterokaryons. PMID- 7323954 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7323952 TI - Protein synthesis in rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - 1. Function of synoviocytes and other cells in the synovium A. Histologic Considerations 1. Electron microscopic studies 2. In vivo and in vitro phagocytosis studies 3. Fluorescent antibody staining B. Culture techniques 1. Problems posed by study of isolated cells 2. Long-term explant cultures 3. Advantages of short-term incubations of synovial fragments 4. Isolation of immunoglobulins C. Non-Immunoglobulin Products of the Synovium 1. Products of normal synovium 2. Alterations induced by rheumatoid arthritis II. The Local Immune response in Rheumatoid Synovitis A. Evidence for Active Immune Stimulation 1. Meditators of cellular immunity in synovial fluid 2. Effect of synovectomy 3. Type and amount of immunoglobulin produced B. Local Commitment of Antibody Response 1. Effect of exogenous immunization 2. Rheumatoid factors. 3. Pepsin agglutinators C. 1. Relative enrichment for IgG-3 subclass 2. Increase in lambda light chain composition III. Pathogenetic Considerations in Rheumatoid Arthritis A. Comparison of Rheumatoid versus Experimental Immune Synovitis 1. Chronic synovitis as a local immune response. 2. Role of cartilage complexes in substaining chronic synovitis B. Significance of the Restriction in the Immunoglobulin Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis 1. Analogy with other disease states in man 2. Common antigen in RA? PMID- 7323953 TI - Physiology and pathology of rheumatoid factors. PMID- 7323955 TI - Extended-wear lenses. An update. PMID- 7323956 TI - Indications for prescribing spectacles. AB - Indications for spectacle correction are reviewed in the context of symptoms, pathophysiology, and prognostic efficacy. Criteria include improving acuity, restoring comfortable vision, enhancing visual efficiency, preventing progression, and assorted miscellaneous goals. Alternatives to spectacles and side effects are analyzed. Specific guidelines for individualized management are evaluated in terms of current research. PMID- 7323957 TI - Isolated metastasis to the optic nerve. AB - A case of isolated optic nerve metastasis from breast carcinoma is described. Intraocular tumor was discovered three months following a radical mastectomy and was confined to the optic nerve head and distal optic nerve. Following X irradiation treatment, central retinal vascular occlusion, rubeosis, and neovascular glaucoma developed during the fifteen months before enucleation. The clinicopathologic features of this case are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7323958 TI - "Squeezing eyes." A clinical pathological conference. PMID- 7323959 TI - The medical practice act: an overview. PMID- 7323960 TI - Measles surveillance and control: a Texas Department of Health initiative. PMID- 7323961 TI - Hospitalization and the psychiatrically impaired physician. PMID- 7323962 TI - Annular pancreas: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7323963 TI - Purpura fulminans. PMID- 7323964 TI - Unruptured interstitial pregnancy: a case report. PMID- 7323965 TI - Medical records--retention and release. PMID- 7323966 TI - The long pipeline (from pre-med to practice). PMID- 7323967 TI - Parasitic infections encountered on the Texas Gulf Coast. PMID- 7323968 TI - Fasting radiological examinations: factors affecting excellence and economy. PMID- 7323969 TI - Acute management of alkali ingestion in children: a review. PMID- 7323970 TI - Oral contraceptive hazards--1981. PMID- 7323971 TI - Regulating the regulators: the Supreme Court's turn. PMID- 7323972 TI - Postsplenectomy sepsis. PMID- 7323973 TI - Human hemoglobins and hemoglobinopathies: a review to 1981. PMID- 7323974 TI - Geographic and ethnic distribution of human hemoglobin variants. AB - The distribution of hemoglobin variants in human populations is of interest to students of hemoglobin as well as geneticists and anthropologists. It has however received relatively little attention and, to the author's knowledge, this is the first attempt to comprehensively tabulate this type of information since Lehmann and Huntsman and Livingstone did so over 15 years ago (429, 430). In the interest of improving both the accuracy and scope of this compilation as well as keeping it current, the author invites investigators to submit to him corrections, references or additional information for inclusion in a future monograph or review article. PMID- 7323975 TI - Management of pregnancy in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7323976 TI - Extracorporeal treatment of erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia: hemoglobin carbamylation. PMID- 7323977 TI - Nondiscrete heterogeneity of human blood cells. 1. Volume heterogeneity as a reflection of the quality of erythropoiesis. AB - Coefficient of variation (C.V.) of red cell volume is inversely proportional to red cell mass in hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. Even a subject with markedly reduced red cell survival and abnormal hemoglobin had a normal C.V. associated with normal hemoglobin level. In contrast are patients with nutritional deficiency, who have increased C.V. whether or not there is anemia, and patients with hypoplastic anemia, who have normal to near-normal C.V. independent of anemia. PMID- 7323978 TI - [Results of replantation surgery of the upper extremity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323979 TI - [Present indications and contra-indications for replantation of amputated extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323980 TI - [Possibilities for the microsurgical replantation and revascularization in the head region]. PMID- 7323981 TI - [Microsurgical free flap transfer for reconstruction in the head area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323982 TI - [Free hair flap--an example for the possibilities in microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323983 TI - [Free flap transfer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323984 TI - [Free microsurgical toe transplantation--a new alternative for replacement of digits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323985 TI - [Free flap indications in hand surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323986 TI - [On the treatment of severe adduction contractures of the thumb by free dorsalis pedis flaps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323987 TI - [Revascularization of the hand by means of vein grafts and the use of vascular prostheses in microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323988 TI - [The position of microsurgery in the surgical treatment of compression syndromes of the upper extremity]. PMID- 7323989 TI - [Surgical possibilities in the current treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7323990 TI - [Influence of cysteine on bioavailability of theophylline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323991 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in subjects with normal renal function and in uraemic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323992 TI - [Bioavailability of procainamide and disopyramide with and without concomitant administration of an antacid: aluminium phosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323993 TI - [Quinidine arabogalactane-sulfate efficiency duration estimate using Holter monitor recording (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323995 TI - [Effect of cipropride on apomorphine induced vomiting model in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323994 TI - [Effects of pinaverium bromide on gastric emptying and transit time through the gut in man as measured by radioopaque pellets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323996 TI - [The hypocalciuric effect of hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indapamide and tienilic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323997 TI - [Antrafenine excretion into breast milk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323998 TI - [Reflexion on cimetidine use to treat oesogastro-duodenal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7323999 TI - [Agranulocytosis during treatment with mianserin]. PMID- 7324000 TI - [Hyponatremia due to glipizide]. PMID- 7324001 TI - Activation of factor X and prothrombin in antithrombin-III depleted plasma: the effects of heparin. PMID- 7324002 TI - Further studies on a phospholipase A2 isolated from human platelet plasma membranes. PMID- 7324003 TI - The inhibition effect of dilazep on in vivo accumulation of platelets onto the damaged aorta in rabbit. I. Quantitative radioisotopic analysis. PMID- 7324004 TI - Effect of nocodazole, a new microtubule inhibitor, on platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 7324005 TI - Acetylation of albumin by low doses of aspirin. PMID- 7324006 TI - C1 inactivator level in pregnancy. PMID- 7324007 TI - Platelet interaction with polymerizing fibrin in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 7324008 TI - Platelet functions in different types of congenital antithrombin-III deficiencies. PMID- 7324009 TI - Direct evidence for the contractile capacity of endothelial cells. PMID- 7324010 TI - Inhibition of human coagulation factor Xa by thrombin substrates. PMID- 7324011 TI - Studies on the antithrombotic action of Boc-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H (Gyki 14,451). PMID- 7324012 TI - Plasma levels of selected haemostatic factors in newborn babies. PMID- 7324013 TI - [Reduced loss of pigs with an acid iron preparation in the drinking water]. PMID- 7324014 TI - [Vorenicol and Bisolvon: advice]. PMID- 7324015 TI - [Multi-year project 1982-1986. Development Project Coordinating Commission for Milk Production for the years 1982-1986]. PMID- 7324016 TI - [Urological complications following ovariohysterectomy in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Of the total number of dogs submitted with complications following ovariohysterectomy (109), eighteen were found to show pathological changes of the kidney and/or excretory urinary ducts. Eleven patients showed specific urological problems such as pollakiuria (7 cases), urinary incontinence (6 cases) and haematuria (5 cases). When there was a reason for doing so, specific urological studies were undertaken, including excretion urography in seven cases, in addition to physical and laboratory studies. During laparotomy and/or post-mortem examination (the latter being carried out in eight dogs), the following adhesions were observed, among others: the cervix stump adhered to the bladder in nine cases, to the right ureter in five and to the left ureter in three cases. Either granulomas at the ovarian stump (one case) or cervix stump (five cases) or actual ligation of the ureters in the ovarian (two cases) or cervix stump ligature (three cases) caused partial or total obstruction, which occasionally resulted in hydro-, pyo- or haemonephrosis, atrophy of the kidney or focal nephritis. PMID- 7324017 TI - [Enterological complications following ovariohysterectomy in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Of 109 dogs submitted with complications following ovariohysterectomy, twenty were found to show enterological problems. Presenting symptoms in these animals consisted in vomiting, diarrhoea and emaciation. A large number of animals also showed body temperatures above 39 degrees C. An irregular, often painful mass was palpable on examination of the mesogastrium in seventeen cases. Plain radiography revealed the features of ileus in ten dogs, a mass of soft tissues in the abdominal cavity in six and the pattern of peritonitis in five cases (two animals were classifiable with two groups). One dog did not show any changes. Laparotomy was performed in all twenty dogs. In view of the extent of the lesions, euthanasia was performed in ten animals. Partial enterectomy was performed in the other ten; some of these dogs are still alive at the time of writing. The findings at laparotomy and subsequent post-mortem examination, if any, may be summarized as follows: - there were adhesions between the ovarian-stump granulomas and an intestinal loop in five animals; - twelve animals showed adhesions between the ovarian-stump granuloma and the intestines which also adhered to each other; in five of these bitches, the intestinal loops were also attached to the wall of the abdomen, and also to the cervix stump in two cases; - three dogs only showed adhesions between intestinal loops; the cervix stump was involved in the adhesions in one dog. PMID- 7324018 TI - [Inflammatory lesions caudal to the costal arch following ovariohysterectomy in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of thirty months, twenty-two dogs showing inflammatory lesions caudal to the costal arch following ovariohysterectomy were submitted for examination. Seventeen patients showed fistulae, four showed painful swellings and one patient showed a fistula on one and a swelling on another side. After the findings on physical examination, the results of bacteriological haematological and radiological studies are reported. Surgical procedures consisted in laparotomy through the median line and/or local exploration of the region of the flanks, which led to laparotomy in some cases. The prognosis was bad in these cases; of eighteen patients with fistulae, only six, and of four patients showing swellings two recovered. The findings in six dogs submitted for post-mortem examination are reported. PMID- 7324019 TI - [Multi-year project 1982-1986. Development Project Coordinating Commission fo Breeding Research]. PMID- 7324020 TI - [The Paratect bolus system in the prevention of gastrointestinal nematode infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324021 TI - [Studies on the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in veal calves (author's transl)]. AB - A herd of sixty-two veal calves was studied to determine whether there was a relationship between neonatal diarrhoea and infections with rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Salmonella and K99-positive E. coli. Examination of the animals was negative for salmonellosis. Clinical findings and serological testing did not suggest that K99-positive E. coli was a factor in aetiology. Bovine coronavirus was isolated from the faeces of a small number of calves, only a few of which were affected with diarrhoea. A few faecal samples were found to harbour bovine coronavirus as well as rotavirus. Rotavirus was isolated from the faeces of a large number of calves; excretion of the virus was only associated with diarrhoea in some cases. A definite conclusion could therefore not be drawn from the findings, although they suggested a possible role of rotavirus in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea of veal calves. PMID- 7324022 TI - [Cleaning and disinfection of cattle trucks (author's transl)]. AB - When the Order on 'Disinfection of Motor Vehicles and Trailers, 1976' failed to fulfil its purpose in practice, the present authors made a closer examination of the bacteriological state of cattle trucks, both before cleaning as required by law and after cleaning and disinfection. The supposition that loading platforms lined with aluminum are more readily cleaned than are wooden platforms, was verified by the results. Moreover, it was found that aluminium-lined platforms can be adequately cleaned with cold water. Markedly superior results are not obtained when hot water (approximately 80 degrees C) is used. An effective disinfectant should be applied after cleaning to reduce bacteriological contamination to a further extent. When the loading platforms have been cleaned using a high-pressure syringe, satisfactory results are obtained by disinfection with a one per cent solution of Halamid or a solution of Stafilex (750 ppm of active chlorine). To ensure an effective control of disease in animals, the loading platforms of cattle trucks should be cleaned and disinfected daily after use. The above disinfectants are useful for this purpose but sodium hydroxide is unsuited because of its corrosive effect. PMID- 7324023 TI - [Anthelmintic treatment in cases of cyathostominosis in the horse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324024 TI - [Lesions in slaughtered animals. IV. Decubital lesions in pigs (author's transl)]. AB - Bacteriological studies (bacteriological examination in conformity with Meat Inspection Regulations) were done in 315 pigs. Examination was positive for bacteria in 58.4 per cent of these slaughtered pigs. The likelihood of bacteriological examination being positive increased with the diameter of the decubital lesion, 39.8 per cent being positive when the diameter was less than 5 cm and 69.2 per cent being positive when the diameter was greater than or equal to 5 cm. In 95.1 per cent of the animals in which examination was positive for bacteria, C. pyogenes or haemolytic streptococci were isolated from the splenic tissues. The presence of a decubital lesion was usually associated with disturbances of locomotion in the slaughtered animal. Inflammatory lesions such as (poly)arthritis of the extremities and vertebral abscesses were frequently observed. Of twenty-six pigs showing a decubital lesion unaccompanied by other pathological findings, ten animals (38.5 per cent) were found to be positive on bacteriological examination. It is concluded that the presence of a decubital lesion in a slaughtered pig should be regarded as an objective criterion for bacteriological examination of the animal in question. PMID- 7324025 TI - [Multi-year Project 1982-1986. Development Project Coordinating Commission for Animal Nutrition Research]. PMID- 7324026 TI - The 'embryonic moults' of the milkweed bug as seen by the S.E.M. AB - Deposition, detachment and removal of the three embryonic cuticles are studied. The membrane-like cuticle 1 covers the embryo during katatrepsis and 'disappears' thereafter. Cuticle 2 deposition starts shortly before dorsal closure. Its apolysis is accompanied by contractions of the embryo. Ecdysis of cuticle 2 takes place during hatching. Only cuticle 3 (= first larval cuticle) shows differentiations like sensilla and cornea. Peaks of ecdysteroid (and probably JH) titre are observed during apolysis of cuticle 1 and cuticle 2 (Dorn, 1981). Transition from ectoderm to epidermis proper takes place shortly before and during onset of cuticle 2 synthesis. PMID- 7324027 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the endocrine nature of the lateral organs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. AB - The lateral organs of the tick Boophilus microplus were previously thought to have a neurohaemal function, but the present study shows that they consist of glandular cells which contain a rich system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and Golgi but no indication of neurosecretory production or release. There is acid phosphatase activity throughout the SER as well as in Golgi and a major function of the latter may be the production of lysosomal enzymes. It is suggested that the organs are endocrine glands and that, in engorged females, may secrete a hormone involved in the control of vitellogenesis. The organs are more active in feeding than in unfed males and a related function could be in control of the development of genital organs or spermatogenesis. Also present in the cells are coated vesicles, lipid droplets and microtubules. Coated vesicles close to Golgi are probably primary lysosomes whereas those near the periphery are shown by ferritin tracer to arise from coated pits. Pinocytosis could be involved in membrane retrieval but, in the absence of evidence for exocytosis, this seems unlikely. It is tentatively proposed that, by analogy with vertebrate and insect endocrine glands, the lateral organs may take up hormone precursor via coated vesicles for storage in lipid droplets and conversion to hormone in the SER. As in other SER-rich endocrine glands, the release mechanism for the hormone or other secretory product of the lateral organs is uncertain. Both the steroid, ecdysone and the terpenoid, juvenile hormone, are discussed as possible candidates for the lateral organ hormones. PMID- 7324028 TI - Subcellular distribution of calcium in zona fasciculata cells of the rat adrenal cortex. AB - Zona fasciculata cells from the adrenal cortex of female Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed by immersion in potassium pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide and potassium pyroantimonate-glutaraldehyde to study the distribution of calcium. Potassium pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide treatment gave reproducible patterns of electron opaque precipitate, whereas inconsistent deposits of reaction product were seen after potassium pyroantimonate-glutaraldehyde fixation. Nuclei showed sparse precipitate over heterochromatin and dense aggregates over areas of nucleoli surrounded by portions of the nucleolar-dense component. Two major cytoplasmic sites of precipitate were identified: mitochondria and vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Most of the intramitochondrial precipitate was localized to the intracristal space. Precipitate was also seen in vesicles of Golgi apparatus. The extracellular space was filled with closely packed electron-opaque particles. Observation of tissues treated with control fixative saturated with EGTA showed little if any reaction, confirming that calcium was the primary cation precipitated by potassium pyroantimonate. Our results provide a method suitable for accurate localization of calcium in adrenocortical cells. PMID- 7324029 TI - A newly described organ associated with the eye and lateral line system in the marine teleost, Stenotomus chrysops. AB - A hitherto undescribed type of organ, possibly sensory, is reported. It is in the form of small cylindrical projections primarily concentrated on the surface in the area of the reticular lateral-line complex and around the eye of the scup (Stenotomus chrysops). The projection is composed of a central core cell surrounded by an epithelium. Enveloped within the epithelium and parallel to the core cell are six to eight symmetrically arranged 'bulbs' with cytoplasmic stems extending to cell bodies within the epidermis proper. A circle of 'collar' cells at the base of the cylinder facilitates the observed bending of the projection. Detection of the direction of water movement is hypothesized. PMID- 7324030 TI - Localization of calcium in an annelid visceral muscle by pyroantimonate deposition and by x-ray microprobe analysis. AB - The loci of calcium distribution in Nereis pharyngeal visceral muscle have been examined by cytochemical precipitation using potassium pyroantimonate. In Na-, Ca and Mg-free media, pyroantimonate incubation was used to pinpoint loci of intracellularly bound calcium. This method also revealed heavy deposition on the inner face of the plasma membrane, in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. X ray microprobe analysis of the precipitate confirmed the presence of calcium and antimony peaks. It is concluded that the plasma membrane may constitute a major calcium pool for the activation of contraction in this muscle. PMID- 7324031 TI - Studies on membrane specializations in tentacular retractor muscle of the gastropod, Limax sp. AB - Retractor muscle cells of the optic tentacle of Limax sp. occur as a network beneath the epithelium. The cells are spindle-shaped, irregularly cross-striated, and they contain a large number of subsarcolemmal caveolae. Freeze-fracture images of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, caveolae and sarcolemma demonstrate distinct particulate organizations. Membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum contain typical 7-9 nm PF-face particles. The caveolae membranes contain linear, sometimes rhombic arrays of 12-15 nm EF-face particles. An extensive area of the sarcolemmal surface is occupied by caveolar invaginations. Other areas of the sarcolemma contain linear arrays of 7-9 nm PF-face particles and a few rhombic ordered, 7-9 nm PF-face particles. The results of the study are discussed relative to previous studies on particulate arrays in muscle membranes. It is concluded that these highly specialized sarcolemmal and caveolar particulate organizations may, in some way, reflect the large surface area changes which occur in these muscle cells. PMID- 7324032 TI - Frontal bodies: novel structures involved in water vapour absorption by the desert burrowing cockroach, Arenivaga investigata. AB - Above 83% relative humidity, nymphs and adult females of the desert cockroach can condense water vapour on to a fluid layer covering protruded hypopharyngeal bladders. This fluid is produced by a pair of spheroidal bodies situated beneath the frons. Each such frontal body is connected by to the corresponding bladder by a groove in the epipharynx. During absorption, contraction of muscles connecting the frontal bodies to the frons causes them to move dorsally from the mandibles. Oscillation frequency increases with relative humidity or the application of nanoliter quantities of water to the bladders. Frontal bodies appear to be derived from invaginations of the integument, and consist of a mass of tough fibres containing protein and chitin. Fibres embed in a permeable plate which gives rise to the epipharyngeal groove. Tonofibrillae connect the fibres to elongate epidermal cells which are composed primarily of microtubules. The myoepidermal junction is characterized by fascia adherens. Frontal bodies resist tensile forces, but undergo changes in shape as they oscillate. Accompanying changes in hydrostatic pressure may move extracellular fluid across the plate and into the epipharyngeal groove. Possible roles of the fluid in the absorption process are discussed. PMID- 7324033 TI - Surface specializations of the olfactory epithelium of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - Receptors for olfactory stimulus molecules appear to be located at the surface of olfactory receptor cells. The ultrastructure of the distal region of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) olfactory epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscopy. On the sensory olfactory epithelium, which occurs in the depressions of secondary folds of the lamellae of the rosettes, five cell types were present. Type I cells have a knob-like apical projection which is unique in this species because it frequently contains cilia axonemes within its cytoplasm in addition to being surrounded by cilia. Type II cells bear many cilia oriented unidirectionally on a wide, flat surface. Type III cells have microvilli on a constricted apical surface and centrioles in the subapical cytoplasm. Type IV cells contain a rod-like apical projection filled with a bundle of filaments, and type V cells are supporting cells. Cilia on the sensory epithelium contain the 9 + 2 microtubule fiber pattern. Dynein arms are clearly present on the outer doublet fibers, which suggests that the cilia in the olfactory region are motile. Their presence in olfactory cilia of vertebrates has been controversial. The cilia membrane in this species is unusual in often showing outfoldings, within which are included small, irregular vesicles or channels. In addition, cilia on type II cells frequently contain dense-staining bodies closely apposed to the membranes, along with a densely stained crown at the cilia tip. Previous biochemical evidence indicates that odorant receptors are associated with the cilia. PMID- 7324034 TI - Ultrastructure of granules and immunocytochemical localization of luciferase in photocytes of fireflies. AB - Photocyte granules are round to oval, 1-2 micron, contain a peripheral dense area and are of three structural types. Type one granules consist of an amorphous matrix, a bundle of 2-12 microtubules and a flask-shaped vacuole. The type two granule is characterized by a large crystal or several smaller crystals embedded in an amorphous matrix with microtubules lined up along the face of the crystal. The type three granule is filled with a large number of thick-walled tubules (40 50 nm o.d.), usually found in bundles of two to four and a few microtubules. Luciferase has been shown to be localized in these photocyte granules by the immunoferritin technique. Ferritin is not localized over microtubules or flask shaped vacuoles in type one granules but is randomly distributed over the matrix. In type two granules, ferritin is more densely distributed over the crystals and in type three granules over filamentous structures. There is no ferritin over the microtubules. Other parts of photocytes and of light organs are negative for luciferase. Buffer and anticalliphorin incubated sections showed no ferritin in granules. PMID- 7324035 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements in epileptics under antiepileptic medication. AB - 1) Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) were recorded in 18 normal, 20 schizophrenic and 50 epileptic subjects. Most of the schizophrenic and epileptic subjects were under medication, antipsychotic drugs in the former and antiepileptic drugs in the latter. 2) In schizophrenics and epileptics, rate of the saccadic component in SPEM was higher than that of normal controls. The rate of large amplitude saccades was higher in epileptics than in schizophrenics. 3) Though small amplitude saccades were usually superimposed on SPEM in schizophrenic patients, both large and small amplitude saccades superimposed irregularly on the smooth tracking curve were observed in epileptics, and overshoots or undershoots were also seen frequently. 4) SPEM disorder in epileptics was observed in more than half of patients receiving antiepileptic medication, especially in patients with a long period of treatment. SPEM disorder in epileptics tended to occur frequently in patients who received phenytoin in doses higher than a certain level; i.e. approximately 150 mg per day for a long period of time. 5) It is conceivable that the SPEM disorder represents a latent or subclinical cerebellar dysfunction due to phenytoin medication. It is suggested that the SPEM measurement is a useful tool to find out subclinical side effects of antiepileptic drug in the treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 7324037 TI - Evaluation of mechanical left ventricular assistance with left atrium to aorta bypass in dogs. AB - Effects of the left heart bypass (LHB) by the left atrium (LA) to the aorta (AO) shunt on the heart were evaluated by measuring such parameters as tension time index (TTI), diastolic pressure time index (DPTI), DPTI/TTI ratio, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) in open-chest dogs. A pneumatically driven bypass pump made of polyurethane was utilized in this study. No significant change of MVO2 was observed with surgical maneuver to connect the LA AO LHB pump to experimental animals. During synchronous pumping of LHB, TTI decreased by 35%, MVO2 decreased by 56% of the control and DPTI/TTI ratio increased by 79%. However, coronary flow decreased by 35%, presumably due to autoregulation mechanism of the coronary circulatory system. Both synchronous and asynchronous LHB demonstrated the same level of effect in volume unloading. However, significant diastolic augmentation was noted only in the former. LA-AO LHB, which has a sufficient supporting effect and does not damage the ventricular wall, was considered to be very useful for temporary support for the failing heart, especially for postoperative low output state. PMID- 7324036 TI - Tumor of the testis: an attempt of histological classification according to WHO guide line. PMID- 7324038 TI - Effect of attenuated cells on the growth of small implant of Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH109A. AB - The transplantability of small implants such as 10 cells of Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH109A, which grew lethally only in 2 out of 19 rats when transplanted subcutaneously, was improved by admixed implantation of attenuated tumor cells prepared with mitomycin C, presenting lethal take in 23 out of 27 animals. Similar effect was also obtained by liver homogenate or sonicated tumor cell suspension. Although the rate of tumor "take" of less than 10(3) cells of AH109A inoculated in the subcutis increased by admixing the attenuated cells, growth characteristics of such a small implant of the tumor, once initiated, were not significantly different whether inoculated with or without the attenuated cells. Growth support effect of attenuated cells was discussed in relation with either the size of inoculum or growth ability of tumor cells. PMID- 7324039 TI - Echocardiographic and morphological features of the pulmonic valve in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and those with secondary pulmonary hypertension resulting from left-to-right shunt. AB - In 11 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and 16 with secondary pulmonary hypertension due to left-to-right shunt (SPH), echocardiographic and morphological features of the pulmonic valve were studied. Mean ages of these patients were 27 and 31 years, respectively. The echo intensity of the pulmonic leaflet was graded as either "strong" or "not strong" by comparison with the adjacent tissue. In the PPH group, the valve echo was "not strong", while it was "strong" in the majority of the cases of SPH. In autopsy, there were no morphological changes in the pulmonic valves in the former, while these valves were definitely hypertrophic in the latter. The average thicknesses of the valve edges in the two groups of patients were 0.5 and 1.6 mm, respectively. The results suggest that the different echo intensities reflect the morphological differences of the pulmonic valve; and this provides a diagnostic value for differentiating the two conditions. PMID- 7324040 TI - Prophylaxis of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumorigenesis in mice with the yeast polysaccharide preparation. AB - Prophylaxis of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced epithelial tumor formation in ddI mice with our Candida utilis glucomannan preparation (YPS) was confirmed further in the present system of fibrosarcoma production. A single subcutaneous dose of MCA (0.5 mg per mouse) was either preceded by or followed by 10 or 30 daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of YPS at the dosage of 100 mg/kg per dose according to various time schedules. Protective effect of YPS was demonstrable by a significantly lengthened latent period before the tumor appearance and a slower rate of the subsequent tumor production until around day 100. All the schedules of pre- or post-treatment were found to be effective, although the one delayed until two weeks post MCA was so only marginally. It was also disclosed by prolonging the observation period that this protection was of a transient nature, 100 per cent tumor incidence being found by around 150 days post MCA in all the experimental groups. A longer latency due to the treatment with YPS was generally found in association with a faster growth of the tumor and a shorter life span of the host animal. Temporary protection of MCA-induced tumorigenesis in ddI mice was not reproducible in C3H/He mice, and was thus suggested the possible strain dependent nature of YPS effect. PMID- 7324041 TI - Histopathological studies on sun-exposed hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyric rat skin. AB - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a porphyrogenic agent. The inducement of skin changes was attempted through repeated exposure of the skin of HCB-induced porphyric rats to sunlight. The following skin changes were produced in the porphyric rats; erythema, erosion, crust, skin thickening and scarring. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of acanthosis, vacuolization of the malpighian cells, subepidermal vesicle, fibrosis, dilatation and increase of the blood vessels and perivascular cell infiltration composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes and mast cells. The PAS stainability of blood vessel walls was slightly intensified. The assumption is that photosensitive flares were elicited within the short 2-month period though destruction of endothelial cells was not prominent. There were no distinct skin changes, clinically or histopathologically, in any of the three control groups. PMID- 7324042 TI - Ultrastructural studies on congenital generalized fibromatosis regressed spontaneously. AB - Cellular components of a subcutaneous nodule from a male infant with congenital generalized fibromatosis consisted of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and their various intermediate types. The myofibroblasts were characterized by the presence of bundles of microfilaments and dense bodies similar to those in smooth muscle cells. Membrane-bound vesicles containing dense material were abundant in the extracellular space. They were probably lysosomes released by disintegration of cellular components. A possible role of the myofibroblasts and extracellular lysosomes in the regression of nodular lesions was discussed. PMID- 7324043 TI - Follow-up studies of surgical treatment for choledocholithiasis. AB - The follow-up results of cholecystectomy and common duct exploration with T-tube drainage for 308 patients with common bile duct stones were studied. Nine patients evaluated as "poor" included seven with residual stones and two with recurrent stones.. Cholangiography at the time of follow-up manifested the evidence of a statistically significant reduction of the bile-duct diameter compared with the preoperative level in both cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate cases. The reduction was particularly conspicuous in the group with marked dilatation of the bile duct, regardless of the types of stone. Of the 134 patients with cholelithiasis who underwent reoperations in our Department, 75 (87%) belonged to residual, 11 (13%) to recurrent group. Of the 11 patients with recurrent stones, nine had obvious causes for stone recurrence such as bile-duct stenosis or stricture at the anastomotic site. These results suggest that without existence of evident stenosis at the papilla of Vater or in the lower bile duct, patients with choledocholithiasis, regardless of types of stone, could be curable effectively only by cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage. PMID- 7324044 TI - Evidence for endogenous dopaminergic control of GH release in man. AB - In order to determine whether or not there is a tonic dopamine (DA) control of GH release, the effect of an anti-dopaminergic agent, sulpiride, on GH secretion was studied in 12 normal subjects. After the administration of sulpiride, serum concentrations of sulpiride reached a peak value (1.93 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6) at 15 min and then showed a gradual decrease. Concomitantly, mean plasma prolactin (PRL) showed a rapid elevation, with a peak value of 161.9 +/- 11.5 ng/ml at 30 min, followed by a gradual decrease. Even at 180 min after sulpiride injection, the plasma PRL was still 9 times higher than the initial level (p less than 0.005). Within 90 min after the injection, 12 subjects showed a minimal but significant decrease in GH (from 0.78 +/- 0.17 to 0.32 +/- 0.03 ng/ml, p less than 0.02). After another 90 min, the plasma GH level increased and the mean peak value (8.1 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) at 180 min was significantly higher than the initial value (p less than 0.02). From these observations, it was suggested that sulpiride inhibited the endogenous DA activity over 180 min, and that the GH decrease within 90 min was due to a suppression of endogenous DA activity. Factors other than DA, however, might be considered for the GH increase after 90 min. PMID- 7324045 TI - Estimated prevalence of chromosome anomalies in the first trimester of the Japanese pregnant population. AB - Using the cytogenetic data we have collected in induced abortions, an estimation of the prevalence rate of chromosome anomalies in the first trimester of the general pregnant population was made. Since the maternal age distribution in induced abortions skewed toward the older age group in comparison with that of the general population in Japan in 1975, the maternal age adjustment was conducted. The projected rate was found to be 5.0 per cent. It is inferred that the present frequency may give the lowest limit value, for only the gross chromosome anomalies diagnosed by the conventional Giemsa staining method were counted in the present study. PMID- 7324046 TI - Urinary cytology as a test in mass screening. AB - A rapid and simple cytologic screening system for urinary tract cancer stained with toluidine blue was described. Utilizing this system, a hospital population was screened for urinary tract cancer from specimens sent for routine urinalysis. In this study of 16,062 fresh urine sediments selected at random from non urologic patients, three cases histologically proven bladder cancer were detected, leading to the detection rate of one bladder cancer in 5,000 individuals. The results emphasizes the usefulness of this simple screening technique in combination with clinical urinalysis and cytology for early detection of urinary tract malignancy. PMID- 7324047 TI - Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins in pig liver. AB - The pH 5.1 supernatant fraction of pig liver homogenate stimulated the transfer of [32P]phosphatidylcholine and [32P]phosphatidylinositol from donor liposomes to acceptor liposomes. Purification of the proteins which catalyzed the exchanges yielded five partially purified preparations. A phospholipid exchange protein was purified 63-fold in one of the preparations and the protein was found to be specific for phosphatidylcholine exchange. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protein was estimated to be 19,000 and 5.6, respectively. The other four preparations contained partially purified phospholipid exchange proteins which catalyzed the exchanges of phosphatidylinositol as well as phosphatidylcholine. The molecular weights and the isoelectric points of the phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins were estimated to be 19,000 and 4.7, and 19,000 and 4.8 for the proteins in the second preparation, and 21,000 and 4.5 for the protein in the third preparation. These parameters in the other two preparations were tentatively estimated to be 24,000 and 5.6, and 18,000 and 4.6. Neither sulfhydryl-binding reagents nor trypsin digestion inactivated the activity of the phosphatidylcholine specific exchange protein. Sulfhydryl-binding reagents and trypsin digestion inactivated all the phosphatidylinositol exchange activities of the partially purified exchange proteins and the phosphatidylcholine exchange activities which were presumably associated with the phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins. PMID- 7324048 TI - Measurement of isoelectric points of phospholipid exchange proteins by gel isoelectric focusing. AB - A method of the estimation of isoelectric points of phospholipid exchange proteins is described. The phospholipid presumably bound to a phospholipid exchange protein was replaced with [3H]phosphatidylcholine of a high specific radioactivity by an incubation of the protein with liposomes containing the labeled lipid and dimannosyl diglyceride. After the incubation, a major portion of the liposomes was separated from the protein by an affinity of the liposomes to concanavalin A-Sepharose 2B. The isoelectric point of the protein was measured by gel isoelectric focusing of the protein, which was located by tritium radioactivity of the bound [3H]phosphatidylcholine. The method was used to measure isoelectric points of partially purified phospholipid exchange proteins in pig liver. PMID- 7324049 TI - The corrected protein equation to estimate plasma colloid osmotic pressure and its development on a nomogram. AB - Examining the internal discrepancies of three equations (Landis and Pappenheimer 1965) which represent the relationship between colloid osmotic pressures (COP) and normal human plasma proteins, the authors derived a corrected globulin equation: COPglb = 1.3c + 0.14c2 + 0.006c3 (COP: mmHg, c: protein content, g/100 ml), instead of their COPglb = 1.6c + 0.15c2 + 0.006c3, when A/G (albumin globulin ratio) = 1.1 as they had described. Revising the former globulin equation again, based upon the current estimate of A/G = 1.8, we derived a new globulin equation. Our new plasma equation, consisting of their albumin equation and our revised globulin equation, is COPpl = alpha (2.8c + 0.18c2 + 0.012c3) + beta (0.9c + 0.12c2 + 0.004c3), where alpha and beta stand for albumin and globulin fraction, respectively. The last, being generalized for plasma with any protein compositions, and closely corresponded to the values directly measured in normal human plasma with variable protein compositions, we developed it on a nomogram for practical use. PMID- 7324050 TI - Factors affecting the cholesterol dissolution ability of human bile. AB - Bile samples were obtained from 13 patients with cholesterol gallstones at laparotomy. Control bile samples were obtained from 15 patients with gastric cancer or gastric ulcer. One mixed stone was cut in half and serial thin sections, 10 micrometers in thickness, were prepared from the cut surface. The solubility of cholesterol in these gallstone sections after immersion in the bile samples was observed microscopically after 1, 3, 5 and 24 hr. Of 15 control bile samples, 9 showed a marked cholesterol dissolution after 1 hr, and 6 showed it after 3 and 5 hr. Three out of 13 bile samples from the patients with cholesterol stones dissolved the gallstone section after 1 hr, and 7 after 3 and 5 hr. The dissolution was not observed in the remaining 3 bile samples. Cholesterol and total bile acid concentrations of the control bile were significantly higher than those of the bile from the cholesterol gallstone patients (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively). Correlative studies of the composition of bile and its ability to dissolve cholesterol revealed that bile samples with a high total bile acid concentration possessed a higher dissolution ability, even when the ratios of total bile acid to cholesterol were almost the same in control and cholesterol gallstone bile. On the basis of these findings, it may be concluded that the solubility of cholesterol in bile cannot simply be explained in terms of relative concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and total bile acid, because the absolute concentration of total bile acid also plays a significant role for the dissolution ability. PMID- 7324051 TI - Activities of lymphocytes mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood lymphocytes against sheep erythrocytes, cultured rat hepatocytes (BRL-3A) and Chang cells in the presence of specific anti-serum was evaluated in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and healthy subjects. ADCC activities against these cells were significantly decreased in patients with CAH when compared with healthy subjects. Significant correlations were observed between degrees of ADCC against BRL-3A, Chang cells and sheep erythrocytes. In patients with CAH, percentage and absolute number of E-rosette forming cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes were decreased but Fc-receptor bearing (EA gamma) lymphocyte concentration was normal. There was no clear-cut relationship between the concentration of EA gamma-lymphocytes and the degree of ADCC. Preincubation of lymphocytes from healthy subjects with CAH sera significantly reduced ADCC against sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, analysis of effector lymphocytes mediating ADCC (K-cell) against BRL-3A indicated that T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors with lower affinity for sheep erythrocytes are active in ADCC, though a population of K-cell is heterogeneous. It seems likely that decreased T cells in the peripheral blood and possibly the presence of serum factors in patients with CAH may partly participate in impairment of ADCC. PMID- 7324052 TI - Difference in effects of vinblastine and vincristine on the dog platelet aggregation. AB - The present study was attempted to determine difference in effects of vinblastine and vincristine on ADP-induced aggregation of dog platelets. Vinblastine manifested biphasic influence depending upon concentrations, i.e., in low concentrations (0.2-20 micrograms/ml) it promoted the aggregation, and in a high concentration (100 micrograms/ml) it inhibited the aggregation with increasing incubation time. Vincristine in any concentrations, however, neither promoted nor inhibited the aggregation. In scanning electron micrographs, platelets were gradually damaged as revealed by their surface appearances with increasing incubation time in the presence of vinblastine (100 micrograms/ml). There existed a parallel relationship between the inhibition of the aggregation by vinblastine and the increase in number of severely damaged platelets. However, there was no such a parallel relationship between them in the presence of vincristine. PMID- 7324053 TI - Oral ammonia tolerance test in patients with portal hypertension. AB - Eighty patients with portal hypertension due to various hepatic diseases were subjected to the oral ammonia tolerance test (OATT). Blood samples were collected before and at 30-min intervals after the administration of ammonium chloride (50 mg/kg). The ammonia levels, and the OATT curve patterns and sigma NH3-N values were determined and it was investigated whether there are correlations between these values and various other parameters of hepatic function. The results of OATT correlated with the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green and the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids. Our findings suggest that the OATT may reflect the degree of hepatic parenchymal disorders rather than the hepatic circulatory abnormalities and that they may represent a valuable aid in the differential diagnosis of hepatic diseases and in determining the operative indication. PMID- 7324055 TI - Alternative delivery systems to diversify hospital revenues. PMID- 7324054 TI - How hospital consolidations affect revenues. PMID- 7324056 TI - Operating and financial implications of prepaid plans on hospitals. PMID- 7324057 TI - A treatment unit for chemically dependent patients generates additional revenues. PMID- 7324059 TI - Organizational theory implications in increasing revenues: the multihospital system. PMID- 7324058 TI - Increasing hospital revenue sources through mergers and consolidations. PMID- 7324060 TI - HMOs and private sector financing. PMID- 7324061 TI - Community rating and underlying HMO reimbursement issues. PMID- 7324062 TI - Provider reimbursement alternatives and the placement of financial risk: a framework for analysis. PMID- 7324063 TI - The distribution of fluoride and calcium in the liver of the carbon tetrachloride poisoned rat. PMID- 7324064 TI - Pulmonary toxicity, hepatic, and extrahepatic metabolism of 2-methylnaphthalene in mice. PMID- 7324065 TI - Cardiovascular teratogenicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the chick embryo. PMID- 7324066 TI - Comparison of the hepatic and testicular effects of orally administered di(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate and dialkyl 79 phthalate in the rat. PMID- 7324067 TI - The influence of manganese on the distribution of essential trace elements. I. Regional distribution of Mn, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu in rat brain after chronic Mn exposure. PMID- 7324068 TI - Determinants of irritant; termination behavior. PMID- 7324069 TI - Monitoring delayed-onset pulmonary hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. PMID- 7324070 TI - Alterations of specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver during acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication. PMID- 7324071 TI - Effects of Zn status, bile and other endogenous factors on jejunal Cd absorption. AB - The possible contribution of endogenous factors to the control of intestinal Cd uptake was studied in rat jejunum isolated and perfused in situ. If Cd is transported by the same mechanism as Zn, factors influencing Zn absorption should exert similar effects on that of Cd. In spite of an earlier demonstration of interaction between the 2 metals at the level of their intestinal absorption, the increased Zn uptake expected on the basis of previous observations on Zn deficient rats is not accompanied by increased Cd uptake. The mechanisms involved in Cd and Zn transport in the jejunum are therefore not identical. Cadmium, like Zn and Cu, is readily taken up from a perfusate free of exogenous ligands, so that there is no need to assume an obligatory role of such ligands in Cd absorption. Jejunal Cd transport was strongly depressed by secretions from the bile duct. This inhibition could not be accounted for by the protein content of he bile. On the other hand, micelle-forming bile salts completely abolished Cd absorption at or above a level corresponding to their critical micellar concentration. It is suggested that bile salts represent one endogenous factor which might be involved in preventing extensive Cd uptake from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 7324072 TI - Octachloronaphthalene induction of hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the immature male rat. AB - Administration of octachloronaphthalene to immature male Wistar rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in several enzymic, electrophoretic and spectral parameters associated with induction of the hepatic microsomal enzymes. Compared to corn-oil (control)treated animals octachloronaphthalene (150 mumol . kg-1) induced hepatic cytochrome P-450 (1.5-fold), benzo [alpha] pyrene hydroxylase (18 fold) and 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroxylase (18-fold) enzyme activities. In addition to increases in the relative peak intensities of the reduced microsomal cytochrome P-450 : CO and ethylisocyanide (EIC) difference spectra the peak maxima were observed at 448.5 and 452.2/428.0 nm, respectively. The effects of administering octachloronaphthalene to the rat were similar to those observed after pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and electrophoresis of the induced microsomal proteins showed that both compounds enhance heme-staining peptides with comparable electrophoretic mobilities. Moreover coadministration of MC (3 x 100 mumol . kg-1) and octachloronaphthalene (2 x 150 mumol . kg-1) indicated that their inductive effects were not additive. It was concluded that octachloronaphthalene was an MC-type inducer of hepatic microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7324073 TI - Relative effects of hyperbaric oxygen on cations and catecholamine metabolism in rats: protection by lithium against seizures. AB - Analysis of lithium (Li+) in the brain and blood after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) shows that initially its concentration is high in blood and negligible in the brain. Subsequently its concentration increases in the brain and disappears from the blood. Lithium itself affects neurological actions but the mechanisms remain obscure. It also modifies the toxic action of oxygen at high pressure (OHP), which causes convulsions, either suppressing or exacerbating it. These clearly separate effects correspond with the presence of Li+ in the blood (suppression) or in the brain (exacerbating). Determination of the effect of Li+ and OHP upon cations, catecholamines, ammonia, tyrosine hydroxylase, and monamine oxidase on brain and blood tissue showed that there was very little correspondence between changes in the cations either with Li+ or the toxic effects of OHP. On the other hand, OHP developed a sustained blood and brain hyperammonemia in rats which could be negatively modified by Li+ in the blood. The latter effect also corresponded with a prolongation of convulsive latency. Changes in brain catecholamines, tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase and tyrosine were effected by Li+ and potentiated by OHP. These data suggest that Li+ and OHP mediate their effects relatively more through developing hyperammoneic states in both blood and brain than by altering cation concentrations in these tissues. PMID- 7324074 TI - Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on the lipid composition of rat liver. AB - Hepatic lipids were studied in Sprague-Dawley male rats given butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) at a level of 1.20% for 1 week. BHT significantly increased cholesteryl esters and phospholipids but decreased triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and diglycerides. BHT also increased phosphatidylethanolamine or decreased phosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylcholine. Fatty acid composition of each lipid class was also changed by BHT-feeding. The decrease in 16 : 1/16 : 0, 18 1/18 : 0 and 20 : 4/18 :2 ratios of total lipids, non esterified fatty acids or phospholipids of BHT-given rats suggests that BHT decreases the activity of fatty acid desaturase in the liver. PMID- 7324075 TI - The induced synthesis of metallothionein in various tissues of rat in response to metals. I. Effect of repeated injection of cadmium salts. AB - Even though the induce synthesis of metallothionein (MT) after exposure to metals has been known for some time, there is little data on the quantitation of MT in various tissues. In this study we have measured MT levels in eleven different tissues of rat after injection of CdCl2 and also compared the relative MT inducibility of these tissues. Over a period of 16 days, rats were injected subcutaneously once every second day with either saline or 3 different doses - 0.8, 1.5 or 3 mg (7.2, 13.4 or 26.8 mu mol) Cd/kg of CdCl2 and sacrificed 48 h after the last injection. Cadmium and MT were determined in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, testes and muscle. A dose dependent increase in MT accumulation was observed in a number of tissues after CdCl2 injection, the highest amount being in liver, kidney and pancreas. Further analysis of the data showed a positive correlation between Cd and MT concentrations in 8 tissues. The relative MT inducibility in liver, pancreas, heart and stomach in response to Cd injection was identical. PMID- 7324076 TI - A fiberscopic technique for the study of velopharyngeal closures (first report). AB - Velopharyngeal closures using a nasopharyngeal fiberscope and were recorded by a 16mm cine camera. The resting forms of the horizontal sections of velopharyngeal cavities were grouped into three types: the "oblate elliptical type", "prolate elliptical type" and "intermediate type". The manner and finished forms of closure were grouped into three types: the "soft palate type", "lateral wall type" and "mixed type". According to the definition, 11 out of 45 subjects studies showed the "soft palate type", eight showed the "lateral wall type" and the rest were classified as the "mixed type". There seemed to be some correlations between the closure forms and resting forms. Our method is thought to have two advantages with respect to the observation of various activities and halation-free observations. PMID- 7324077 TI - Nasal allergy in spinning mill workers and the possibility of allergenicity of chemical fibers and cotton linters. AB - During a three-year period from 1976, we examined fifty eight patients with nasal allergy who worked in spinning mills or handled sewing machines. Skin tests and procative nasal tests were performed on these patients with crude and fractionated extracts from cotton linters, cotton cloth and chemical fibers. The crude aqueous antigens were extracted in dextro-phenol solution and fractionated by Saphadex G-100. It was possible that the cotton and chemical fibers included components which were the cause of hypersensitivity, but there is still doubts concerning their reaction as irritant substances. Serum specific IgE antibody was found in extracts from chemical fiber. Therefore, spinning mill dust acts as an irritant of the nose add the possibility of antigenicity of the dust for immediate type nasal allergies can not be denied from the present study. PMID- 7324078 TI - Resection of lung cancer involving the heart and great vessels. AB - Over the last six years at the Tokai University Hospital, 104 patients were operated on for the primary lung cancer. Twenty nine of these patients were submitted to extended operations, because cancer had invaded the heart and/or great vessels. In three cases, the left pneumonectomy with partial resection and suture repair of the descending thoracic aorta was performed. In 26 cases, intrapericardial ligation of the pulmonary vessels was carried out: nine of these patients underwent intrapericardial pneumonectomy with partial resection of the atrial wall and one patient underwent sleeve resection of the superior vena cava with graft (Goretex) replacement. No extracorporeal apparatus was used in any cases of extended operations. The postoperative course was mostly uneventful and there were no cases of operative death. We believe that excision of lung cancer extending into the heart and great vessels can offer the patient every chance for a longer life, especially in the case of squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7324079 TI - Laparoscopic an histologic abnormalities of the liver in chronic asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. AB - In most cases, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) in sera can be incidentally detected in patients with liver diseases at the time of medical examinations. It is rather difficult to assume how long HBs Ag has persisted in the sera of these patients before the medical examination. However, we have encountered 16 asymptomatic HBs Ag carriers in whom the time of HBV infection can be estimated, HBs Ag in sera persisted for at least 6 months (actually up to 5 years), and laparoscopy with liver biopsy was performed. In 11 out of these 16 asymptomatic HBs Ag carriers, laparoscopy revealed a white liver and in the remaining five cases, a multicolored liver. Histology of the white liver showed minimal inflammatory changes of the liver in two cases, chronic persistent hepatitis in eight cases and chronic aggressive hepatitis in one case. Histology of the multicolored liver including transitional change to the nodulated liver in five case showed chronic aggressive hepatitis in two cases and liver cirrhosis in three cases. The question remains open as to how such morphological alterations of the liver developed in these asymptomatic HBs Ag carriers with normal liver chemistries although none of these 16 cases developed overt acute hepatitis, either of type A or non A non B, 6 to 21 months after the assumed HBV infection. PMID- 7324080 TI - Clinical investigations in patients with juvenile gastric atrophy compared with senile gastric atrophy. PMID- 7324081 TI - Studies on the rapid determination of glucose level in blood using the enzyme electrode, the "glucose meter". PMID- 7324082 TI - Effects of fusaric (5-butylpicolinic) acid on the monosynaptic reflex neural activity of cat spinal cord. AB - It has been demonstrated that most hypertensive drugs which cause increases in levels of norepinephrine influence the stimulation of monosynaptic reflex (MSR) neural activity. However this report discusses the effects of a hypotensive drug, which causes decreases in levels of norepinephrine, on the MSR amplitude of acute spinal cats. This drug is 5-butylpicolinic acid (fusaric acid: FA) which is an effective hypotensive agent and a potent inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (approximately 10 times more potent than disurfiram). Intravenous injections of FA increased MSR neural activity in a dose-dependent manner. The FA-induced neural activity was gradually depressed by treatment with haloperidol, a dopamine and/or a alpha receptor blocker and methysergide, a serotonin receptor blocker, respectively. In addition, this neural activity was potentiated by the sequential administration of L-dopa. FA did not cause increases in the blood pressure but inhibit the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine. These results suggest that not only hypertensive but also hypotensive drugs can affect the increase of MSR neural activity, and dopamine plays an important role in FA-induced neural activity. PMID- 7324083 TI - Role of endogenous and exogenous cholesterol in liver as the precursor for bile acids in rats. AB - There is considerable evidence suggesting that compartmentalized functional pools of cholesterol in the liver contribute differently to the formation of bile acids as the precursor. The present paper deals with the incorporation of [1-14C] acetate and of [1,2-3H] cholesterol carried on lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) into biliary bile acids in perfused rat livers and bile-fistula rats. The results showed that endogenous cholesterol synthesized newly from [1-14C] acetate in the liver was incorporated into both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in a similar way, while exogenous lipoprotein-[1,2-3H) cholesterol delivered to hepatocytes from hepatic circulation was incorporated into chenodeoxycholic acid at a higher rate. PMID- 7324084 TI - The effect of progesterone on RNA polymerases in the rat uterus. AB - The effect of progesterone on transcription was investigated in the uterus of the ovariectomized rat. Progesterone rapidly depressed both RNA polymerase A and B activities for up to 6 h after steroid administration. Both enzyme activities returned to control values 24 h after steroid treatment. In contrast, in the estrogen-primed rat uterus, progesterone was capable of stimulating RNA polymerase B activity 30 min after hormone treatment. The cellular entities or mechanisms which progesterone uses to alter transcription in cell nucleus remain to be determined. PMID- 7324085 TI - The synthesis and study of some potential affinity labeling reagents for estrogen receptors. AB - The influence of the following affinity labeling reagents on the binding of tritiated estradiol-17 beta (E) by human and calf uterine cytosols was studied: 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol (ORG4333), 2-azidoestradiol (2A-E), 4 azidoestradiol (4A-E), 3-azidohexestrol (3A-H), estradiol-17 beta 17-bromoacetate (E-17BrAc), 6-[O-carbo-(2'-chloroethoxy)methyl] oximinoestradiol (6-CMOEtC1), 17 [O-carbo-(2'-chloroethoxy) methyl] oximinoestrone (17-CMOEtCl), 2-di (2'-hydroxy 3'-chloropropyl)aminoestradiol (E-Mustard). For the human uterine estrogen receptor the relative binding affinity decreased in the order E greater than ORG 4333 greater than E-17BrAc greater than 3A-H greater than 2A-E greater than 4A-E greater than 6-CMOEtCl greater than E-Mustard greater than 17-CMOEtCl. The binding characteristics of the calf uterine estrogen receptor were qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different. ORG 4333 appeared to form a highly stable association with the receptors, but alkylation of the protein could not be conclusively demonstrated. PMID- 7324086 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of brassinolide and its 22 beta, 23 beta isomer: novel plant growth-promoting steroids. AB - Brassinolide (2 alpha, 3 alpha, 22 alpha, 23 alpha-tetrahydroxy-24 alpha-methyl B-homo-7-oxa-5 alpha-cholestan-6-one), a novel plant growth-promoting steroid isolated from rape pollen, and its hitherto unknown 22 beta, 23 beta-isomer were synthesized from a C-24 epimeric 60:40 mixture of 22-dehydroxampesterol (24 alpha methyl) and brassicasterol (24 beta-methyl) from oysters. The method of synthesis favored the formation of the 22 beta, 23 beta-isomer by better than 4:1. Comparative plant growth-promoting capabilities of brassinolide, both natural and synthetic, and its three side chain cis-glycolic isomers in the bean second internode bioassay showed that the natural and synthetic brassinolides were equally active and caused splitting of the internode at the 0.1 microgram level. The least active was the 22 beta, 23 beta-isomer of brassinolide. The isomers with the 22 alpha, 23 alpha and 24 alpha, and the 22 beta, 23 beta and 24 beta configurations were highly active and were required at about 10 times the concentration of brassinolide to cause the same physiological response. In the bean first internode bioassay, an auxin-induced growth test system which employs isolated bean plant segments, the isomer with 22 beta, 23 beta and 24 beta configuration caused a greater response than brassinolide. Two of the four tetrahydroxy ketones obtained in the synthesis of the isomers were also active in both assays. PMID- 7324087 TI - Isomerization of trans-diethylstilbestrol to pseudo-diethylstilbestrol. AB - This study reports the formation and isolation of a diethylstibestrol dimethylsulfoxide (DES-DMSO) adjunct and Z-3, 4-di (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexene (psi-DES) from trans-DES. The presence of psi-DES was indicated by NMR and mass spectrometry and confirmed by direct comparison to a reference sample. High resolution NMR (360 MHz) along with the comparison of the chemical shift values of methine and methyl protons attached to carbon-carbon double bonds in Z and E isomers of 3-substituted-2-pentenes and dienestrol derivatives were used in postulating the Z-stereochemistry for psi-DES. A NMR additive increment method was useful for the comparison of the chemical shift values of methine protons in psi-DES and other literature compounds. Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) confirmed the Z-stereochemistry of psi-DES. PMID- 7324088 TI - Differences in single dose phenytoin kinetics between Greenland Eskimos and Danes. AB - Phenytoin (PHT) disposition was studied in Greenland Eskimos and in Caucasians (Danes) in order to reveal possible ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics. PHT was administered i.v. as a single, subsaturation does to healthy adult volunteers and determined in plasma by thin-layer chromatography. Based on the time/concentration curves obtained, the half-life, volume of distribution, the area under the curve, and the total body clearance were calculated. The protein binding was measured by ultrafiltration. Three groups were studied: Group 1 were Eskimos living in East Greenland, group 2 were Eskimos living in Denmark, and group 3 were comparable Caucasians, as a reference group. The total body clearance of PHT per kg body weight was almost twice as high in Eskimos, irrespective of place of living or sex, compared with the Danish group. The volume of distribution was larger in the Eskimo group, but the protein binding did not differ. The reason for the differences in clearance and volume of distribution between the two ethnic groups is not clear, but the results emphasize that ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics can be of significance. The total body clearance values for PHT in Caucasians found in the present study agreed with results from other European investigations that used the same dose, but different analytical assays. PMID- 7324089 TI - Phenytoin and phenobarbitone plasma level-dose relationships in Chinese epileptic children in Singapore. AB - In a study of 30 Chinese epileptic children, 43% had poor seizure control. The average daily dose of phenytoin was 6.1 +/- 0.53 mg/kg, and the mean plasma level was 4.2 +/- 0.63 microgram/ml, as determined by the enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) method. The phenytoin plasma level (microgram/ml) versus daily dose (mg/kg) ratios in 73% of these patients were below 1. The average daily dose of phenobarbitone was 5.1 +/- 0.36 mg/kg, and the mean plasma level was 24.8 +/- 1.7 microgram/ml -- also estimated by EMIT. Only one patient showed adverse effects. Poor seizure control in patients was chiefly due to subtherapeutic concentrations of phenytoin, which cannot be attributed to poor patient compliance. The presence of phenobarbitone might have accelerated phenytoin metabolism, or the drug could have been lost through sweating. The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in these Chinese children may be genetically different and might have caused the subtherapeutic phenytoin levels. PMID- 7324090 TI - Digoxin and Phenytoin analyses as part of consultations in clinical pharmacology: a study on the use of drugs. AB - The clinical use of digoxin and phenytoin analyses (in 405 and 152 patients, respectively) furnished by our clinical pharmacological laboratory during a five month period was evaluated prospectively from request forms. Of first-time analyses of digoxin, 12, 38, and 50% fell above, within, and below our recommended range of 1.3-2.6 nmoles/liter, respectively. This was a significant change towards lower values compared to an earlier study. The average daily dose of digoxin was 0.22 mg, and 94% of the doses ranged between 0.13 and 0.25 mg. Thirty percent of the patients on digoxin were reinvestigated once or more, and a greater percentage of the concentrations was then within the recommended range. Mean plasma concentrations of digoxin increased significantly with age, even though the stated daily digoxin dose tended to decrease. Data from a drug surveillance study showed that 10 of 32 patients had a significant change in plasma digoxin concentration after admission to hospital, indicating deviations in compliance with the dosage regimen prior to hospitalisation. Sixty-three percent of the first-time analyses of phenytoin were below our recommended therapeutic range of 40-80 mumoles/liter. This was lower than in a previous retrospective investigation (72%). Eighty-seven percent of the doses ranged between 0.2 and 0.4 g/day, and the average daily dose was 0.3 g. High plasma concentrations were noted more frequently in patients aged 60 years or more, whilst low concentrations were noted more frequently in young patients. PMID- 7324091 TI - Dose-dependency of the ratio between carbamazepine serum level and dosage in patients with epilepsy. AB - Carbamazepine serum levels have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography in 24 children and 26 adults with epilepsy on chronic carbamazepine treatment. A significant correlation has been found between carbamazepine steady-state levels and doses per kilogram body weight in both children (p less than 0.01) and adults (p less than 0.05). This relationship is characterized by a significant decline in the level/dose ratio with the doses for adults (p less than 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, for children (p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with a dose-dependent bioavailability. PMID- 7324092 TI - Monitoring of phenobarbitone and phenytoin therapy in small children by salivary samples. AB - Concentrations of phenytoin or phenobarbitone have been measured serially using saliva samples in 75 very young children receiving one of these drugs for prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions. Saliva samples were easily obtained and the measured concentrations were a valuable guide to drug dosage during the treatment period. Mean (+/- SD) saliva concentrations were, for phenytoin, 1.0 +/ 0.8 mg/litre (3.8 +/- 3.0 mumol/litre) and, for phenobarbitone, 7.9 +/- 2.6 mg/litre (24.0 +/- 11.3 mumol/litre) and did not alter significantly during the period of observation. Despite frequent review with assessment of compliance, it proved difficult to achieve and maintain target drug concentrations. Paired samples of saliva and plasma were obtained from 36 children before treatment was terminated. Drug concentrations in saliva correlated well with those in plasma and mean plasma: saliva ratios (phenytoin, 8.4; phenobarbitone, 2.2) were comparable to results obtained previously in adults. PMID- 7324093 TI - Mexiletine in plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - We report here a novel high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique for use in therapeutic monitoring of the primary amine antiarrhythmic drug mexiletine in plasma samples. Mexiletine and its structural analogue, the internal standard Ko 768, are extracted with heptane after alkalinization of the sample. The extracts are evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and injected into a liquid chromatograph equipped with an octadecylsilane reversed phase column using an acetonitrile/acetate buffer mobile phase. Detection is by ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm. The method is linear from 0.2 to 5.0 microgram/ml; the coefficient of variation ranges from 5 to 10% within the therapeutic range. The drug is stable for at least 99 days in samples stored at -20 degrees C. Our HPLC results showed good agreement with a popular gas liquid chromatographic method (14), and there are few incidents of interference from common drugs. The method is convenient for any laboratory equipped with standard liquid chromatographic equipment and is suitable for automation. PMID- 7324094 TI - Quantitation of plasma warfarin concentrations by high performance liquid chormatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive, and specific high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of warfarin in plasma is described. The method involves an extraction from acidified plasma, removal of basic substances, and reextraction into ether. The method is sensitive (0.06-9.0 microgram/ml) and precise (coefficient of variation less than 2%) and makes use of a Bondapak C-18 column. Several methods have been reported for the analysis of warfarin; each has some disadvantage in terms of specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, or convenience. A fluorometric method (1) was rapid, but in our hands was neither precise nor sensitive and yielded values consistently higher than the proposed method. An HPLC method (2) that incorporated a Permaphase column and dioxane as the mobile phase did not perform at all with a Bondapak C-18 column. Gas-liquid chromatography involved derivatization (3), which did not afford reproducibility in our laboratory. Two other published HPLC methods (4,5) showed interference from diazepam. The method described in this paper is specific, accurate, and convenient. It has sufficient sensitivity to measure low warfarin levels, is linear to 9 microgram/ml, and is free of interference by common drugs. The clinical utility of this method is illustrated with three case reports. PMID- 7324095 TI - The ultrafree drug filters: need for closer evaluation. PMID- 7324096 TI - Thymic reticulum in mice. I. Cellular ultrastructure in vitro and functional role. AB - Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic studies of thymic and splenic stroma cultured in vitro are described. Under our technical conditions, 60% of thymic stromal cells in vitro are endodermic epithelial cells, while the remaining cells are mesenchymal reticular cells and macrophages. These last two types of cells, together with fibroblasts are the constituents of splenic stroma. In seven experiments, the coculturing of thymic lymphocytes with thymic monolayers led to an enhancement of the Con A response, while coculturing with splenic monolayers did not. These results underline the specific role of thymic epithelial cells in the process of T-cell maturation. Bone marrow cells and spleen cells from B mice are not modified by coculture with thymic epithelium. Reinjection of B mice with bone marrow cells pre-incubated on thymic monolayers did not lead to any reconstitution of T-cell function when tested 1 mth later. These results are interpreted as the inability of thymic stroma from adult mice alone to induce the maturation of pre-T cells. PMID- 7324097 TI - Pituitary and cerebellum of nude mice. AB - The anterior pituitary of athymic homozygous "nude" (nu nu) mice shows signs of reduced activity of the acidophilic cells, nuclear volumes of which lag significantly behind normal values. Also there is a significant deficiency in the number of basophilic cells. A similar deficiency is found in the numbers of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, which in addition also show a reduction in size, as part of an overall reduction of cerebellum size. PMID- 7324098 TI - Thymic mast cell deficiency in avian muscular dystrophy. AB - In animals with hereditary muscular dystrophy there are thymic abnormalities which may be of etiological significance in the dystrophic process. This study investigated mast cell number and histamine levels in the thymus of normal and dystrophic chickens. For comparison, other lymphoid tissues, namely the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius, and non-lymphoid tissues including the comb and pectoralis major muscle, were similarly studied. Our results show that the thymus of dystrophic adult birds has a deficiency in both mast cell number and histamine content. In the bursa of Fabricius of dystrophic birds a significant elevation in histamine content (microgram/g) was attributed to the abnormally small size of this organ, rather than to an absolute mast cell increase. The deficiency in thymic mast cell number in dystrophic chickens may be significant in the postulated abnormal thymus-muscle interaction of the dystrophic process. PMID- 7324099 TI - Further trials of nifurtimox in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - At a dosage level of 8 to 10 mg/kg body-weight daily for 120 days nifurtimox was associated with clinical healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis in five of eight patients. At a dosage level of 20 mg/kg body-weight daily for 10 days in six of 10 patients the skin ulcer healed. Results and the reasons why both schemes are impracticable are briefly discussed. PMID- 7324100 TI - Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy): (IV) An analysis of all recorded human cases. AB - Recent investigations on the distribution of human and canine leishmaniasis, and on the vectors and wild reservoirs of the disease in foci in Tuscany have stimulated a retrospective evaluation of human leishmaniasis of the whole region. From a study of the literature, of statistical reports (ISTAT) and of unpublished information, 77 cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 97 of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been analysed. From the case reports of both forms it appears that: (a) a higher incidence of cases occurred in restricted areas; (b) visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis have been hypoendemic in Tuscany since the years of the earlier reports (1933 and 1936, respectively); (c) the number of infantile visceral cases was much higher in the period from 1933 to 1955 (84.5% of subjects in the 0-10 years age group) than in the subsequent years, 1956-75 (50.0%). The possible significance of the infantile and adult forms of visceral leishmaniasis in Tuscany is discussed, and the local data are compared with those of other regions. PMID- 7324101 TI - The susceptibility of chickens to Trypanosoma brucei subspecies. AB - Chickens were susceptible to infection with three different stocks of the subgenus Trypanozoon: two of presumptive Trypanosoma b. brucei and one of T. b. rhodesiense. Two groups of chickens were used: the first hatched following inoculation with either T. b. brucei or T. b. rhodesiense during embryonic development, and the second were infected as adult birds. In both experimental groups, parasitaemia persisted for prolonged periods, but was mostly subpatent and detectable only by subinoculation of blood into mice. In chickens infected as embryos, parasitaemias were patent for five weeks after hatching, but subpatent thereafter (to weeks 13 to 17). Quantitative estimations of the parasitaemias of seven of the birds hatched from embryos inoculated with T. b. brucei revealed fluctuations in the number of circulating trypanosomes, with an initial peak between days 2 to 9 after hatching. Between weeks 13 to 17 after hatching the chickens appeared to have recovered spontaneously from the trypanosome infections. Homologous challenge at week 20 failed to produce a recrudescence of parasitaemia, indicative of a possible acquired immunity. The infections of ten chickens inoculated with either T. b. brucei or T. b. rhodesiense as adult birds were microscopically subpatent throughout the observation period of six weeks, but subinoculation of blood into mice showed the chickens were parasitaemic from week one and thereafter. Different aspects of infection of avian hosts by the Trypanozoon subspecies are discussed. PMID- 7324102 TI - Infection of Aedes aegypti with Brugia pahangi administered by enema: results of quantitative infection and loss of infective larvae during blood feeding. AB - A technique for infecting mosquitoes with known numbers of Brugia pahangi microfilariae by enema is described. Virtually all mosquitoes receiving three microfilariae or more by this route contained infective larvae 10 days later. Within a range of 1 to 40 microfilariae, numbers of infective larvae recovered (Y) were related to the numbers of microfilariae administered (X) by the equation log10Y=0.04 + 0.84 log10X. Mosquitoes feeding on sugar for up to 20 days did not lose a significant number of infective larvae. A blood meal 10 days after infection reduced the proportion of females still infected, as well as the number of worms remaining in those still infected. A second blood meal on day 17 after infection only reduced the proportion of mosquitoes still infected. Adults reared on a low larval diet were less susceptible to infection, and a refractory mosquito strain did not support the development of third-stage larvae. Filarial worms had no effect on mosquito mortality until more than 30 microfilariae were administered. PMID- 7324103 TI - Gastroenteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AB - During one year, 1452 specimens of faeces from patients with diarrhoea were investigated for Campylobacter jejuni. This organism was isolated from nine specimens only (0.6%). None was isolated from 160 control subjects who did not have diarrhoea. Though the number of isolates is small, diarrhoea due to C. jejuni was found to be more common in males; the ratio of males to females was 7:2. Out of the nine patients, only four were Saudis. This indicates that Campylobacter gastroenteritis exists in this part of the world. Its incidence was, however, much lower than gastroenteritis due to other bacterial pathogens which constituted 7%. The source of infection was possibly chickens, both live and dressed. Most of the latter are imported. PMID- 7324104 TI - Comparison of ELISA, radioimmunoassay and stool examination for Schistosoma mansoni infection. AB - A comparison was made of the sensitivity and specificity of four diagnostic tests for Schistosoma mansoni infection in a community of 516 untreated persons in St. Lucia, West Indies. Prevalence of infection as obtained by: (i) the Bell filtration technique was 44.4% (one filter) and 63.2% (three filters); (ii) the Kato thick smear, 60.2%; (iii) by radioimmunoassay (RIA), 73.3%; and (iv) enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) 70.9%. The age distribution of persons serologically positive but parasitologically negative showed these to be mostly children and persons 40 years old and over. By means of a statistical test due to Cochrane, it was concluded that there was no evidence to indicate a difference between paired serological tests and paired parasitological tests in their diagnostic capability. There was a very significant difference between the Bell technique and the other three tests. The ELISA emerged as a less satisfactory test than the RIA or the Kato thick smear. The levels of sensitivity and specificity of each test were measured by Armitage's "J" index. The reliability of the Bell filtration technique was 64%, of the ELISA 68%, of the RIA 78% and of the Kato 85%. PMID- 7324105 TI - Jejunal absorption rates of glucose and glycine in post-infective tropical malabsorption. AB - In a prospective study jejunal absorption rates of glucose (from a 200 mmol 1-1 solution) and glycine (from a 100 mmol 1-1 solution) were measured, using a perfusion technique, in nine patients with clinical evidence of post-infective tropical malabsorption (TM group) and in 10 others with trivial symptoms who had also visited the tropics (control group); all were of northern European origin. Seven and one in the two groups, respectively, had Giardia lamblia infections. Mean glucose absorption rate was significantly impaired by TM (P less than 0.01); mean rate for glycine was also depressed but not significantly. Presence of G. lamblia did not affect the severity of malabsorption although numbers studied were small. PMID- 7324106 TI - Parasitic duodenitis. AB - Sixty-two patients presenting with upper abdominal pain of the non-ulcer dyspepsia type, and radiological signs of duodenitis, were investigated for parasites; biopsies of the duodenum were performed, both by capsule and by endoscopy. The findings were compared with a group of 18 healthy controls with and without parasites. The group of 36 patients with parasites showed a significant degree of inflammatory infiltrate compared to the non-parasitized patients and to the control group. PMID- 7324107 TI - Chloroquine in the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is common in Ethiopia and invariably affects the liver. Treatment by abstension from alcohol and avoidance of direct sunlight often failed to achieve lasting improvement. Phlebotomy is unacceptable to most of our patients and impractical as a routine therapy. Chloroquine phosphate 500 mg (300 mg base) given daily for 10 days to 24 patients with confirmed PCT, was found to be uniformly effective. Both clinical and biochemical remissions were complete, The side effects of chloroquine include fever, nausea, vomiting and myalgia which predictably occur on the third day of therapy and subside within 72 hours. Since all other modes of therapy are ineffective or impractical and since the response to chloroquine is prompt, effective and reproducible and the side effects are brief, mild and do not cause permanent hepatic damage, it is suggested that this drug is currently the most practical treatment for PCT in areas where repeated phlebotomy is unacceptable and patient follow-up is unsatisfactory. PMID- 7324108 TI - Absence of a surface coat from metacyclic Trypanosoma vivax: possible implications for vaccination against vivax trypanosomiasis. AB - Trypomastigotes attached to the wall of the hypopharynx in tsetse flies infected with Trypanosoma vivax are believed to represent the true metacyclic stage of this trypanosome. Electron microscopy demonstrates that attachment is mediated by hemidesmosome-like junctions along the flagellar membrane and that none of the trypomastigotes, either attached or free in the hypopharynx lumen, possesses a surface coat comparable with that on the metacyclics of T. brucei and T. congolense and on the bloodstream stages of all salivarian trypanosomes. As the variable antigen of bloodstream and metacyclic T. brucei is located in the surface coat, the absence of the coat from metacyclic T. vivax suggests that the mechanism of antigenic variation in this species may be somewhat different from that of antigenic variation in T. brucei, and that vaccination of cattle against T. vivax may prove a simpler proposition than vaccination against T. brucei. PMID- 7324109 TI - Histological changes elicited in Schistosoma japonicum infected rabbits following curative chemotherapy with 4-isothiocyano-4'-nitro-diphenylamine (C9333-Go/CGP 4540). AB - New Zealand white rabbits were infected with 250 or 500 cercariae of the Philippine-Leyte strain of Schistosoma japonicum. 26 weeks later the experimental group were given one dose of 25 mg/kg formulated CGP 4540. Six weeks after dosing the treated rabbits and untreated controls were killed and examined. Parasitological cure was complete in all those treated. The liver and intestinal granulomata were greatly diminished in size and there was a dramatic decrease in the number of inflammatory cells in the hepatic tissue. PMID- 7324110 TI - Ross River virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) infection (epidemic polyarthritis) in American Samoa. AB - An outbreak of Ross River virus infection (epidemic polyarthritis), which occurred in American Samoa between August 1979 and January 1980, is described. On the basis of a serological survey performed near the end of the epidemic, it is estimated that at least 13,500 people were infected. Ross River virus was isolated from the blood of a single polyarthritis patient. Plaque reduction neutralization tests, using this virus strain, were done on 393 human and 143 animal sera collected on Tutuila island. Over-all, 43.8% of the people sampled had evidence of infection. Sera from 100 adult residents of the same island, collected in 1972, had no Ross River antibody, suggesting recent introduction of the virus. In contrast to the human serological data, the prevalence of Ross River antibodies among animals was relatively low. Dogs and pigs had the highest rates with 20% and 15%, respectively. Results of this study suggest that the Ross River virus cycle during the epidemic in American Samoa involved primarily humans and mosquitoes with animals less frequently infected. These observations plus the recent introduction of Ross River virus into new areas of the South Pacific suggest that a major change has occurred in the epidemiology of epidemic polyarthritis. PMID- 7324111 TI - Delayed onset of weanling diarrhoea associated with high breast milk intake. AB - In a West African community where breast feeding was practised universally for 18 to 24 months infants with the higher breast milk intakes were given supplementary foods later than others. Although 66% of infants had diarrhoea before the introduction of these foods, it was generally mild and only 12% suffered diarrhoea-induced weight loss in this pre-weaning period. By the end of infancy, all children had had diarrhoea and 89% had suffered weight loss in one or more attacks. As the bulk of diarrhoeal morbidity occurred after weaning had started, children with the higher breast milk intakes tended to be older before losing weight with diarrhoea. By one year, children with a higher than average breast milk intake and with no diarrhoea-induced weight loss in the first half of infancy weighed an average of 1 kg more than those with low breast milk intakes and early weight loss with diarrhoea. Interventions which improve or maintain maternal lactation performance should not only increase the nutrient intake of an infant, but also delay the almost inevitable weight loss of weanling diarrhoea. PMID- 7324112 TI - Inhibition of phagocytosis of Trypanosome dionisii by pregnancy alpha-2 glycoprotein. AB - Trypanosome phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied in the presence of the pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAG). A serum fraction containing PAG at a concentration of 13.5 micrograms/ml significantly inhibited the uptake of Trypanosoma dionisii when contrasted with an identically obtained male serum fraction devoid of PAG (P less than .01). This finding of diminished trypanosome uptake in physiologic concentrations of PAG could account for the suggested increase in the frequency and severity of protozoal infections during gestation. PMID- 7324113 TI - Observations on the immune response of Aedes trivittatus against Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Laboratory studies on the immune response of Aedes trivittatus to Dirofilaria immitis revealed an active immune response to developing larvae. A response was noted in 41 of 268 (15.3%) mosquitoes that fed on an infected dog. Mosquitoes exhibiting an immune response contained a significantly greater number of parasites (21.9 larvae/mosquito) than mosquitoes in which no response was evident (14.7 larvae/mosquito). The microfilarial stage was melanized more frequently than later developmental stages, although all developmental stages were affected. Melanized microfilariae appeared to be voided from the Malpighian tubules through the hindgut and anus. Early melanization was directed at the area of the excretory pore of the parasites, suggesting at least an indirect response to excretory products. Microfilariae that accidentally migrated through the Malpighian tubules into the haemocoele were completely encapsulated and melanized. All microfilariae that were intrathoracically inoculated into the haemocoele were completely encapsulated and melanized by four days after inoculation. The role the immune system might play in limiting parasite burdens of D. immitis in A. trivittatus is discussed. PMID- 7324114 TI - Treatment of hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus) by Cetrimide (R). AB - Cetrimide (R) has been efficiently assessed against hydatid protoscolices as a scolicidal adjunct to hydatid surgery. It was tested in four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) against the protoscolices of hydatid cysts in sheep and cattle and in 0.1% concentration against the protoscolices of hydatid cysts in humans. For each concentration, three incubations of one, five and 10 min exposure were tested in vitro and in vivo on sheep and cattle cysts, and two successive incubations each of five min exposure on human cysts. All experiments resulted in rapid mortality of the protoscolices, as judged by their loss of motility, readiness to take vital stains and inability to develop into secondary hydatid cysts when inoculated into albino mice. The low toxicity of Cetrimide (R), its rapid action against the protoscolices, its scolicidal effect at a low concentration, and its low degree of absorption by the host tissues make it the most promising drug in hydatid surgery, displaying no side effects on the host. PMID- 7324115 TI - Malignant tumours in Mozambican Africans with special reference to primary liver carcinoma. AB - The relative frequency of malignant disease as diagnosed by autopsy, biopsy or cytology in the Pathology Department, Central Hospital/Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, has been calculated for 1977 and compared with similar findings over the period 1956-70 (ICD codes 140-209). The figures relate to African patients mainly from the South Mozambican area. A decrease of relative frequency of primary liver carcinoma was observed in men (from over 50% to 35%) but not in women. Other malignancies tend to be constant over the years, in accordance with the general pattern of malignancies for most African countries south of the Sahara. No explanation for the decrease of primary liver carcinoma in men can be given, assuming an unchanging high incidence of viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and food contamination by aflatoxin. Curiously, the relative frequency figure for primary carcinoma of the liver in females shows no gross alterations in the 1956-77 period, fluctuating around 20%, which is about the same as the relative frequency of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7324116 TI - Atypical mycobacteria in Iraq. PMID- 7324117 TI - Enzootic equine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. PMID- 7324118 TI - Trypanosoma vivax in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Amazon basin and the diagnosis of subpatent infection by anion exchange separation. PMID- 7324119 TI - Endemic goitre, Pennisetum spp. and iodine. PMID- 7324120 TI - A case of visceral leishmaniasis in Malawi. PMID- 7324122 TI - Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antibody in a selected adult population in the Sudan. PMID- 7324121 TI - Infection of mouse macrophages in vitro by sandfly-derived promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. PMID- 7324123 TI - The maximum density of anopheline mosquitoes that can be permitted in the absence of continuing transmission of filariasis. AB - Using two years of mosquito collections from two fixed stations on Guadalcanal it was possible to compare the average man-biting rate with the prevalence of microfilaraemia. One area was found to be free of infection while the other still had one positive case. The DDT residual spraying had caused a change in biting habits of A. farauti No. 1 allowing a greater density of mosquitoes to bite man at times when they had lower microfilaria densities. This difference was compared with the pre-spray density so that the maximum permissible number of mosquitoes biting man without transmission of filariasis taking place, could be calculated. A theoretical value for m of 19.84 had been worked out previously; this study gave a corrected observed value of m of approximately 20, very close to the calculated theoretical value. The situation studied here probably showed incomplete interruption of transmission, so it was considered preferrable to recommend a figure of 0.66 average vector man-biting rate per hour indoors for the critical value. PMID- 7324124 TI - Environmental sanitation infection and nutritional status of infants in rural St. Lucia, West Indies. AB - About 75 babies in each of three valleys were followed up for two years. The valleys had different levels of water supplies and latrine facilities, whereas socio-economic conditions and feeding patterns were similar. Results show that the prevalence of diarrhoea and intestinal helminths reduced as sanitation improved. Ascaris and Trichuris infections dropped 30 and 50% respectively after water supplies and latrines were installed. The growth of the children was significantly better in the improved areas. The possibility of malnutrition being secondary to illness, rather than primary, is included in the discussion. PMID- 7324125 TI - Serological profiles in Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. AB - The sera of 20 Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKADL) patients were analysed for immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA), third component of complement (C3) and specific antibody contents and the results compared with those of normal controls and kala-azar (KA) patients as obtained in an earlier study. Mean values of serum IgG and IgM in PKADL were found to be significantly higher than those of normal controls, although these values were substantially lower to those of KA patients. No significant difference, however, was noted in the mean levels of serum IgA and C3 between PKADL and control groups. Specific antibodies to Leishmania antigen could be demonstrated in PKADL sera by the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Most of these antibodies belonged to IgG class although some IgM antibodies were also demonstrable. Antibody titre ranges in PKADL sera were, however, definitely lower than those of KA sera. A reasonably good correlation between the severity of dermal lesions and IgG-ELISA titres was obtained. Of 12 chronic PKADL cases, only four and ten were found to be serologically positive by IHA and micro-ELISA methods respectively. All eight fresh cases were seropositive by both these tests. Analysis of the data suggests an over-all difference between the serological profiles of PKADL and KA patients. PMID- 7324126 TI - Cysticerciasis and epilepsy: a clinical and serological study. AB - Study of 1,038 randomly selected cases of epilepsy in Chandigarh showed the cysticercus haemagglutination test to be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of cysticerciasis as an aetiological factor. It was positive in 25.7% of epilepsy cases but in only 2% of healthy controls. The rate of seropositivity was higher in focal than in generalized epilepsy although the difference was not statistically significant. Incidence of seropositivity was about equal in males and females but did not appear to be related to the duration of epilepsy. PMID- 7324127 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XV. Biochemical distinction of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, L. braziliensis braziliensis and L. braziliensis guyanensis- aetiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. AB - Enzymic profiles of the three known agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the lower Amazon region are compared. Of 14 enzymes, 10 (ASAT, ALAT, GPI, G5PD, MDH, ACON, PEP, HK, MPI and ACP) differentiate Leishmania mexicana amazonensis from L. braziliensis braziliensis or L. braziliensis guyanensis: this supports their taxonomic status as distinct species. In contrast, only slight mobility differences of four enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, PGM, MPI) separate L. b. braziliensis and L. b. guyanensis, which are distinguished biochemically for the first time: this indicates that they are closely related. Four stocks of L. b. panamensis correspond with L. b. guyanensis on mobilities of 10 enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, PGM, GPI, G6PD, MDH, PK, HK, MPI, ACP), although these two subspecies are known to be separable by kinetoplast DNA buoyancies and the enzyme 6PGDH. The generation of practical, regional biochemical keys to the medically important leishmanias is discussed. PMID- 7324128 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XVI. Isolation and identification of Leishmania species from sandflies, wild mammals and man in north Para State, with particular reference to L. braziliensis guyanensis causative agent of "pian-bois". AB - A total of 125 wild mammals (14 different species) were examined for evidence of infection with Leishmania in an area of primary forest highly endemic for "pian bois", due to Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, in north Para State, Brazil. Parasites isolated were characterized biologically, and biochemically on enzymic profiles. L. b. guyanensis was isolated from the viscera of one lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla) and one opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), and the skin of one rodent (Proechimys guyannensis). The isolates were indistinguishable from 10 others previously made from the sandfly vectors Lutzomyia umbratilis (five) and Lu. whitmani (five), and nine isolates from field-workers who became infected during these studies. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was obtained from the skin of 21 animals, including three species of opossums (D. marsupialis, Philander opossum and Metachirus nudicaudatus) and two species of rodents (proechimys guyannensis and Dasyprocta sp.). A peripylarian Leishmania isolated from the viscera of two armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) was shown to be different, biologically and biochemically, from L. b. guyanensis and L. m. amazonensis. Four other isolates of Leishmania, from the rodents Rhipidomys leucodactylus (one) and P. guyannensis (three) have yet to be characterized owing to their very poor growth in both hamster skin and in vitro culture: they appear closest, however, to L. braziliensis braziliensis. The complexity of Amazonian leishmaniasis is discussed, and attention drawn to the importance of edentates as reservoir hosts of some leishmanias in the New World. Whereas L. mexicana subspecies appear largely restricted to the skin of their natural hosts, subspecies of L. braziliensis are commonly found in the viscera. PMID- 7324129 TI - The opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), as a reservoir host of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. AB - A total of 52 opossums (six species) were examined for evidence of infection with Leishmania in three different areas of forest near Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. No infections were detected in 27 opossums from a region of relatively undisturbed forest, including specimens of Didelphis marsupialis (18); Metachirus nudicaudatus (four); Monodelphis brevicaudata (one); Marmosa cinerea (two); M. murina (one) and M. parvidens (one). Of 15 D. marsupialis captured from a biological reserve, much disturbed by man, three were infected with L. braziliensis guyanensis: isolations were made from the skin of two of the animals, and from the viscera of the third. The isolates were biologically and biochemically indistinguishable from one isolate of L. b. guyanensis made from man and two from the sandfly vector Lutzomyia umbratilis from the same area. Two of eight D. marsupialis and both of two M. cinerea from another area of virgin forest used for army manoeuvres were infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: the parasite was in all four cases isolated from normal skin. Five of nine specimens of Proechimys guyannensis, from the vicinity of Manaus, were also infected with L. m. amazonensis. A further 13 mammals (eight species) were negative for Leishmania. The importance of opossums as a reservoir of L. b. guyanensis is discussed. Although they may play only a minor role in virgin forest which is undisturbed by man, opossums (D. marsupialis) may become a significant reservoir of infection where man's activities have eliminated the major reservoir--which has yet to be incriminated. PMID- 7324130 TI - Prevalence of intestinal helminths and protozoans in a rural population segment of the Dominican Republic. AB - There are few reports of parasitic disease prevalence in the Dominican Republic. The most recent study was that by Mackie et al. (1951). Examination of purged specimens from individuals employed by two sugar plantations demonstrated generally high prevalences of a number of helminths and protozoans. We report here the findings of a prevalence study using a population sample of 453 individuals. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba coli were found. PMID- 7324131 TI - Oral rehydration for diarrhoeal diseases in children. AB - Electrolyte disturbances and response to oral electrolyte therapy were studied in 88 children with mild to moderate dehydration due to acute gastroenteritis. A solution with a sodium concentration of 50 mmol/litre was tested in a group of 60 children and results obtained with those in a group of 28 children taking a standard oral solution with a concentration of 90 mmol/litre. Adequate hydration was accomplished in both groups and none of them received intravenous fluids. Neither group received additional water or other fluid in the first 24 hours. There was a significant rise in sodium concentration with both solutions and none of the children developed hypernatraemia. A significant rise in potassium is observed in children with clinical kwashiorkor when hydrated with the low sodium solution. PMID- 7324132 TI - The use of culture-derived metacyclic trypanosomes in studies on the serological relationships of stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. AB - Metacyclic trypanosomes of five stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were produced in vitro in tsetse head-salivary gland explant cultures and used to infect rabbits. Sera were collected from the rabbits and monitored by agglutination tests for antibody production to nine serotype antigens of T. b. gambiense. In the case of a Nigerian stock of T. b. gambiense the sequences of antibody production were found to be similar in animals infected with the stock transmitted by tsetse flies and from culture. Many similarities were also found between the patterns of antibody production in rabbits infected with stocks of T. b. gambiense from Senegal, Nigeria, Zaire and Uganda. The occurrence of similar serotypes in geographically different stocks of T. b. gambiense provides further support for continuing efforts to develop improved serodiagnostic tests for sleeping sickness based on variable trypanosome antigens and to find techniques for immunoprophylaxis. PMID- 7324133 TI - Leptospirosis in Nepal. AB - We present here a case report of a suspected leptospiral infection in a Nepali soldier, and the results of a serological survey of 188 residents of Eastern Nepal that indicate the infection may be common there. This is the first report of leptospirosis in Nepal although it is known to affect man and animals in most of the temperate and tropical regions of the world, and apparently occurs widely in India (Das Gupta, 1938; Khanna & Iyer, 1971). PMID- 7324134 TI - Mixed populations of Bulinus senegalensis (Muller) and Bulinus forskali (Ehrenburg) (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in The Gambia. AB - A brief survey of alluvial pools and irrigated ricefields in The Gambia shows that the distribution of Bulinus senegalensis is not confined to laterite pools and is similar to that in neighbouring Senegal. B. senegalensis was found in every site at least once, alone or with B. forskali. The proportion of the two species varies during the season and from year to year. It is no longer necessary to consider B. forskali as a natural host of S. haematobium. PMID- 7324135 TI - Levamisole compared to mebendazole in the treatment of Ancylostoma duodenale in Egypt. AB - Ancylostoma duodenale in 74 patients and Ascaris lumbricoides in 41 were treated with a single 150 mg dose of levamisole, a single 300 mg dose of mebendazole or the standard three-day regimen of 200 mg mebendazole daily. Levamisole cured all of the 25 hookworm patients and all of the seven Ascaris carriers to whom it was given and is recommended as the drug of choice in Egypt. PMID- 7324136 TI - Controlling your language: making English clear. PMID- 7324137 TI - Closed digital commissurotomy for mitral stenosis in Northern Nigeria. AB - Despite the absence of sophisticated thoracic surgical facilities, valuable relief was provided to young patients with progressive symptoms of rheumatic mitral stenosis in Zaria (Nigeria) whose response to the medical regime had been unsatisfactory. Using digital trans-atrial commissurotomy, which is technically straightforward and involves little blood loss and no elaborate surgical equipment 18 patients with a lone mitral stenosis were symptomatically improved but three with mixed mitral stenosis and regurgitation died. There is urgent need to reduce the prevalence of rheumatic fever in this and other parts of the tropics. PMID- 7324138 TI - Sex determination and sex differentiation in Isospora (Toxoplasma) gondii. AB - Although sexual differentiation in the life-cycle of Eimeriina (Coccidia) becomes morphologically evident during development of the gamonts, there are indications in the literature that pregametogonic schizonts might already be sexually differentiated. On the other hand development of both sexes from cloned postzygotic, presumably haploid stages has been reported. In the present experiments we cloned successive stages of the coccidian representative Isopora (Toxoplasma) gondii to determine the time and stage of onset of sexual differentiation in the life-cycle. Clones of a single proliferative form, of single cysts and of a single cystozoite were made under visual control using a de Fonbrune micromanipulator. Seronegative conventional (CV) and specific pathogen free (SPF) cats were orally infected, each with brain tissue cysts from a single clone. Periods of oocyst excretion by CV cats were recorded; SPF cats were autopsied at day 5 or 6 after infection (p.i.) and their small intestines were examined histologically. Infectivity of shed oocysts, after sporulation, was determined by mouse inoculation. All clones produced infective oocysts with oocyst shedding for two to nine days between day 4 and 14 p.i., and clones of all three stages produced both types of gamonts and gametes. The present results demonstrate: (i) that all stages of I. (T.) gondii in the intermediate host (as well as the free-living stages) are bisexual, although presumably haploid; (ii) that sexual differentiation is not genetically determined, if the first sporulation fission is indeed meiotic, but is a phenotypic change induced by some final host factor(s). This is the first report of the development of both sexes from a single cyst and cystozoite of I. (T.) gondii. PMID- 7324139 TI - A note on drug trials in schistosomiasis. AB - In schistosomiasis, if the subjects of drug trials are in contact with potentially contaminated water, then differences in the chemotherapeutic response to the same dose of a drug given in the same endemic area in different seasons, may be related to different levels of transmission. Because a reduction in egg excretion may occur from causes other than chemotherapy, moderate antischistosomal activity of a drug cannot be concluded in the absence of a control group. PMID- 7324140 TI - The first report in Hymenolepis diminuta infection in Sabah, Malaysia. PMID- 7324141 TI - The practical importance of culturing Leishmania isolated from patients with cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 7324142 TI - Measles immunization in Zaire--when and how? PMID- 7324143 TI - The importance of edentates (sloths and anteaters) as primary reservoirs of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, causative agent of "pianbois" in north Brazil. PMID- 7324144 TI - Dermal leishmaniasis in French Guiana: the sloth (Choloepus didactylus) as a reservoir host. PMID- 7324145 TI - Chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi in Egypt. PMID- 7324146 TI - Amoebic liver abscess--serum anticomplementary screening for immune complexes. PMID- 7324147 TI - Phlebotomine sandflies from the United Arab Emirates. PMID- 7324148 TI - The myth of quartan malaria (Haemamoeba laverani var. quartana Labbe, 1894) PMID- 7324149 TI - Retinol, onchocerciasis and Onchocerca volvulus. PMID- 7324150 TI - The present state of tropical medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7324152 TI - The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. PMID- 7324151 TI - The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. PMID- 7324153 TI - Tropical medicine in British clinical schools: the Oxford experiment. PMID- 7324154 TI - The present state of tropical medicine in the United Kingdom. Introduction. PMID- 7324155 TI - British tropical medicine for today: policy and financing--international. PMID- 7324156 TI - The Overseas Development Administration support for tropical medicine. PMID- 7324158 TI - The British citizen abroad. PMID- 7324157 TI - The scope of tropically relevant research by the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and academic establishments other than the Schools of Tropical Medicine. PMID- 7324159 TI - The significance to industry in Britain of continuing centres of excellence in tropical medicine. PMID- 7324160 TI - A review of practice, training and research in Army Tropical medicine: the case for continued British involvement. PMID- 7324161 TI - The present state of tropical medicine in Britain and its future prospects: conclusions. PMID- 7324162 TI - [Cytogenetic activity of vitamins in the bone marrow cells of rat femurs in sodium fluoride induction of mutations]. PMID- 7324163 TI - [State of guinea pig peripheral blood and bone marrow cells in phenol poisoning]. AB - Blood tests and examination of bone marrow in 2-3 week guinea pigs under conditions of a long-term phenol intoxication (0.5 mg/kg perorally) showed the presence of thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia in peripheral blood and a decrease of the erythroblast maturation index in bone marrow. In the experiment with animals treated with a high dose of phenol there was an evidence of thrombocytopenia accompanied by reticulocytosis and a nuclear shift of neutrophils to the right. Erythroblast maturation index in bone marrow increase (the immature forms are quite probable to be formed due to ineffective division). PMID- 7324164 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the genetic apparatus of mammalian germ cells]. AB - A study was made of the frequency of dominant lethal mutations in germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis, the level of chromosome aberrations in embryonic cells of male progeny treated with ethanol as well as the influence of ethanol on chromosomal apparatus of germ cells. Ethanol possesses a mutagenic activity, induces dominant lethal mutations which are more pronounced when gametes were treated 2 weeks before fertilization. PMID- 7324165 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in a lymphocyte culture from persons in contact with chromium]. AB - A detailed analysis was carried out of chromosome aberrations induced by chromium compounds in a lymphocyte culture of persons which were in contact with the compounds. It is shown that the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations depends on the age and duration of contact with chromium and does not depend on the sex. It was marked that hexavalent chromium compounds have a higher cytogenetic activity. Mechanisms of mutagenic action of heavy metal ions are discussed (taking chromium as an example). PMID- 7324166 TI - [Assessment of cell losses in the intestinal epithelium]. AB - An attempt was made of quantitative evaluation of the epithelial cell separation in vitro from the descending colon of mice (strains A, BALB/C, CBA, C57Bl and random-bred mice) under unified procedure of the tissue desintegration in norm and under carcinogenesis, depending on the age and strain distinctions. The devised method of forced cell isolation enable us to separate single, differentiated enterocytes, being in the stage of desquamation, from intestinal mucose. The cell separation was shown to decrease with age. The BALC/C mice, with high frequency of 1,2-dimethylhydrasine-induced tumor appearance, were characterized by a more decreased cell separation than C57Bl mice, with low sensitivity to the carcinogen. The cell separation from tumor-free mucosal surface in mice with tumors in colon was also seen decreased, as compared with control animals. The data obtained show that the reported approach of forced cell isolation can be useful for the appraisal of cell loss in the intestine, and suggest that the cell loss is decreasing during cancerogenesis. PMID- 7324167 TI - [Changes in the activity of different forms of RNA polymerase in the rat brain during postnatal development]. AB - The dynamics of various forms of RNA-polymerases of the rat's brain was studied in the course of postnatal development, using autoradiography and fractionation of enzyme preparation purified from the matrix DNA admixture. In the brain of new born rats, synthesis of ribosomal RNA proceeds more intensively, with form I enzyme being most active, due to a most active ribosomal RNA synthesis. As the brain develops, by the 12-14 days of life the activity of form I enzyme was found to decrease, whereas that of form II enzyme--to increase. PMID- 7324168 TI - [Contact interactions of epithelial layers]. AB - Cultured together epithelial cells of mouse kidney (line MPTR) were seen to form a mixed cohesive sheet. The mutual interaction of different cells in the sheet was studied by phase contrast microscopy, time-lapse microcinematography, scanning electron microscopy and by some other morphological tests. The upper surface of the mixed sheet was continuous on the border of the two cell types. Despite this border between different cell types was continuously moving from FBT towards MPTR, as if MPTR was "pushed aside" by FBT. In some cases such a moving caused a total exclusion of MPTR from the sheet. Excluding cells differed from the excluded ones in their better spreading and better adhesion to the underlying substrate. Possible mechanisms of such an exclusion are discussed. PMID- 7324169 TI - [Morphological characteristics of tumor tissue explants cultured in diffusion chambers]. AB - With cultivation of explants of different human malignant tumors in diffusion chambers at the same study terms, differences in the ratio of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cell growth were noticed with marked degeneration changes in one of these cel types, and in the ability to form spheroids from epithelial-like cells. These data are discussed in connection with the optimal time of obtaining the cell material ready for a further cultivation of cell suspensions, with the aim to prepare autovaccines for infection of patients with malignant tumors. PMID- 7324170 TI - [Elimination of radiation-induced chromosomal damages in a human peripheral lymphocyte culture. I. The frequency of aberrations in the 1st and 2d mitoses]. AB - A comparative analysis of chromosome aberrations in the first and second division of cells in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures after gamma-irradiation in vitro at 1--5 Gy doses was performed. The lymphocytes of irradiated blood were incubated at 37 degrees with PHA and BrdU (20 micrograms/ml) for 58--66 hours. The first, second and third postirradiation division cells were identified by the sister chromatid differential staining technique. The percentage of cells in the first, second and third mitoses varied from 32 to 77, from 23 to 68 and from 0 to 9, respectively. Essential differences in frequency of aberrant cells and all chromosome-type aberrations between the first and second mitoses have been found at all irradiation doses. The frequency of paired fragments and dicentrics in the first division cells was on the average, respectively, 1.6 and 2 times higher than in the second division cells. In the first division cells almost all dicentrics were with associated paired fragments, in the second division cells the frequency of dicentrics without fragment amounted to 25--50%. At the range- doses of 2 to 5 Gy the distribution of dicentrics between cells in the first and second mitosis did not differ from the Poisson one. PMID- 7324171 TI - Histopathologic observations on Sertoli cell tumors in dog. AB - Thirty-three cases of Sertoli cell tumor, occurring in dogs of different breeds and ages, were studied histologically. Ectopic testes showed a particularly high tendency to develop the tumor. Metastases were not detected in regularly autopsied dogs nor reported or later ascertained for the bioptic consignments. According to Nielsen and Lein's classification (1974) our findings were divided as follows: 27 intratubular Sertoli cell tumors, 19 with stromal invasion and 8 without invasion; 2 diffuse tumors; 4 multiple primary tumors (3 Sertoli-seminoma cell tumor and 1 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor). The above classification is discussed and proposed tentatively for revision. PMID- 7324172 TI - A differential interaction of doxorubicin and daunorubicin with human serum proteins. AB - The results of a comparative investigation on the interaction of doxorubicin (adriamycin) and daunorubicin with serum proteins are reported. Whereas a strong interaction occurs in vitro between doxorubicin and human serum proteins, no appreciable binding to proteins could be detected for daunorubicin under similar experimental conditions. Since the protein-bound drug is only partially dissociated by physical procedures including gel-electrophoresis, column chromatography and solvent extraction, the formation of a covalent bond is suggested. The doxorubicin binding to serum proteins is apparently nonselective for a class of proteins; it is strongly reduced in acid conditions and slightly dependent on the ionic strength. Two tentative reaction mechanisms have been considered. PMID- 7324173 TI - Defective function of granulocytes in patients with cancer. AB - Mobilization of granulocytes into a serum-filled chamber, histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction tests, and phagocytosis were performed in 11 patients with solid tumors treated with surgical excision and chemotherapy and in 22 untreated or surgically treated patients. The results revealed a decreased mobilization (p less than 0.001) and an impaired capability of neutrophils to reduce NBT after stimulation (p less than 0.05) in both groups of patients. The decrease in the values in the stimulated reduction of NBT was more pronounced in untreated patients than in treated ones. At the same time the phagocytic activity of neutrophils on Candida albicans, which was decreased (p less than 0.01) in untreated patients, was normal in those who had been treated with chemotherapy. There were no distinctive correlations between circulating immune complexes and granulocyte function. We propose that this newly demonstrated defect in neutrophil mobilization and low median C. albicans-stimulated NBT reduction contributes more in the evolution of the tumor than in the pathogenesis of infections and that chemotherapy seems to restore a better granulocyte function. PMID- 7324174 TI - Tonsillectomy: a prognostic factor in Hodgkin's disease? AB - The clinical features and course of Hodgkin's disease (HD) were investigated in 160 previously tonsillectomized patients and compared with 375 nontonsillectomized ones. In both groups, sex, social class, histologic type, stage and symptoms were almost identically distributed. Tonsillectomized patients showed a higher incidence of initial cervical forms (p less than 0.05) and more frequently developed the disease under 35 years of age (p less than 0.001), thus also reflecting the different policies of the otolaryngologists in the past few decades. Moreover, the tonsillectomized patients enjoyed a significantly better survival (p approximately equal to 0.01) than the nontonsillectomized ones. Adjusted survival curves for age and site of initial involvement proved that the favorable prognostic value of tonsillectomy was not due to the altered distribution of these 2 factors in the 2 groups; in addition, an earlier diagnosis in tonsillectomized patients could be excluded. The favorable effect of tonsillectomy in HD patients might be related specifically to the reduced portion of immunologically reacting oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue remaining after tonsillectomy. A decreased output of the specific immune-complexes, which are responsible for the disease, according to Vianna's theory, might be hypothesized in tonsillectomized patients. PMID- 7324175 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of xeromammography. AB - The analytical study of the case material has allowed a precise evaluation of the distribution by age groups of the different pathologic processes of the breast, of the localization and dimensions of malignant tumors, as well as the diagnostic accuracy for those cases histologically ascertained and those with a follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy and the consequent reliability of the xeroradiographic method for the diagnosis of breast cancer is distinctly superior to that reported in the literature for traditional mammography, whereas for the differential diagnosis between circumscribed dysplastic manifestations and benign tumors xeromammography is not sufficiently reliable. The authors critically discuss the results and in particular the problem of false positives, which also include diagnostic errors that cannot be avoided in that they directly derive from the pathologic morphology of the disease process (plasma cell mastitis and sclerosing adenosis). As regards the problem of false negatives, they can be reduced within certain limits by resorting to other instrumental investigations. However, there are cases (1% of the malignant neoplasias histologically ascertained) that present a completely negative xeroradiographic finding. There are the limits of the radiologic investigation which cannot in any way be surmounted. PMID- 7324176 TI - Cardiomyopathy of doxorubicin in experimental animals, Factors affecting the severity, distribution and evolution of myocardial lesions. AB - Heart lesions induced in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs by Doxorubicin administered i.v. according to various schedules were studied by light and electron microscopy Vacuolization of myocardial cytoplasm due to distention of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the T-tubule system and the Golgi vesicles was one of the most common findings. Myocytolysis, clumping and loss of fibrils, fragmentation of sarcomeres, swelling of mitochondria and an increase in lysosomes and residual bodies were also observed. The severity of the cardiomyopathy, quantitatively evaluated by a score system, proved to be dose-dependent. Cardiomyopathy was more severe when the treatment was given in a short period by administration of high doses than when the same cumulative dose was administered as low doses repeated for a long period. The left atrium was more severely affected than the ventricles when high doses were given, whereas it was less affected in animals given low doses. The cardiomyopathy was less severe in animals receiving the same dose in a high volume of solvent and during a long perfusion time. Threshold doses were needed both to induce the cardiomyopathy and to establish it as a progressive disease. PMID- 7324177 TI - VM 26 in advanced mycosis fungoides. AB - Five consecutive patients with progressive extracutaneous stage IV mycosis fungoides (MF) were treated with VM 25, 100 mg/m2 i.v., for at least 3 cycles. All patients had been extensively pretreated and in particular with vinca alkaloids. Two partial responses of 5 and 9+ months duration and 1 minimal response of 5 months duration were obtained. Transient myelosuppression was encountered in all patients. These preliminary results should encourage further exploration of VM 26, even in less advanced MF. PMID- 7324178 TI - Atypical reserve cell hyperplasia of cervical glands, simulating adenocarcinoma. An undescribed reversible lesion in a woman taking oral contraceptives. PMID- 7324179 TI - A case of Burkitt's lymphoma in Bulgaria. AB - A case of Burkitt's lymphoma is reported in a 5-year-old girl with involvement of the jaw and loosening of the teeth. Bilateral ovarian involvement occurred and subsequently dissemination to the CNS retrobulbar spaces causing exophthalmus, the thyroid, the myocardium, and other sites. The therapeutic plan included irradiation of the mandible and systemic chemotherapy. Due to the rapid deterioration of the patient's condition, irradiation was suspended at 1,200 rads. Chemotherapy was not administered since the bone marrow was completely replaced by lymphomatous tissue. PMID- 7324180 TI - Elastofibroma. Case report. AB - A case of subscapular elastofibroma in a 61-year-old male was studied by light and electron microscopy. Sixty-two cases of this lesion have been to date reported. At light microscopy, the mass was unencapsulated and consisted of dense collagen bundles with many thick elastinophilic fibers and globules. The ultrastructural examination showed the fibers contained a clear core of mature elastic tissue surrounded by a more electron-dense fibrillar material, which was attributed to newly formed elastin. After elastase digestion, the fibers failed to stain with orcein. The cells were very scanty and identified as fibroblasts. The hypothesis formulated by various authors about the nature of elastinophilic fibers and about the pathogenesis of elastofibroma are reviewed. Our findings seems to support those of most authors, who consider the lesion an abnormally increased reactive production of elastic tissue by fibroblasts in response to a mechanical stimulus. PMID- 7324181 TI - Epiglottic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case report. PMID- 7324182 TI - [Content of soluble proteins in the mammary gland tissue of cattle]. AB - During electrophoresis in agar-agar gel soluble proteins of cattle mammary gland are separated into 11-12 fractions, the amount of which changes essentially. In these proteins of heifers, cows with calf and dry nonlactating cows prealbumin is found. The amount of albumin is the highest in proteins of lactating cows (46%) and the total amount of immune globulins--in heifers (58-60%) and in cows with calf (52-62%). Changes in the amount of other fractions depend on individual peculiarities. The highest amount of soluble proteins in animals is observed at the second stage of pregnancy (6 g %). In the lactating cows and heifers it is 3 and 6 times lower, respectively, and in animals at the first stage of pregnancy and in nonlactating dry cows the amount of soluble proteins is almost the same. PMID- 7324183 TI - [Fractional composition and various properties of animal hemoglobin]. AB - Hemoglobin of cattle, pigs, sheep, rabbits, dogs and rats was studied with respect to its fractional composition, resistance to the alkali action and ability to oxidation. It contains two-six fractions. The time of protein complete denaturation is rather constant for animals of the same type. It is different and may be considered as one of the species characters. The hemoglobin oxidation rate in animals depends directly on the content of acid-resistant hemoglobin, the higher content, the higher oxidation rate. PMID- 7324184 TI - [Changes in the enzymic activity of monooxygenase components of rat hepatocytes after administration of tilorone]. AB - It is established that tilorone-hydrochloride, the antiviral agent, stimulating the interferon synthesis in the organism of animals under experiment inhibits monooxygenase reactions in the albino rat hepatocytes being administered in combination with phenobarbital and 20-methylcholanthrene. The tilorone effect on the N- and O-demethylase activity of the liver microsomes in vitro was studied. It is established that the rate of dimethylaniline N-demethylation and anisole O demethylation in this case lowers considerably, the character of the kinetic curves being unchanged. PMID- 7324185 TI - [Age peculiarities of the adenosine phosphate content in the regenerating rat liver]. AB - The effect of partial hepatectomy on the content of adenosine phosphates was studied in the regenerating rat liver of adult and old rats of the maximal replication activity peculiar to each age group. It is shown that the content of ATP and total adenosine phosphates was smaller in the intact liver of old rats, than in that of adult rats. Partial hepatectomy results in a decrease of ATP, total adenosine phosphates, and value of energy charge in the regenerating liver of both age groups. In old rats, however, these shifts are much pronounced. PMID- 7324186 TI - [Structural anomalies of dog hemoglobin after ionizing irradiation]. AB - Heterogeneity of dog hemoglobin is established with application of chromatographic analysis. Ionizing radiation (4 Grey) induces no changes in the ratio of hemoglobin components. The comparative dactylographical analysis of the hemoglobin components in norm and in different periods after irradiation revealed differences in responses to tryptophan in peptide T-25. The changes found are connected with disturbances in the structure of the DNA molecule as well as with modification of the protein molecule under conditions of radiation injury. PMID- 7324187 TI - [Fluorescent studies on conformational states of human plasminogen. I. pH effect]. AB - Conformational transitions of human plasminogen were studied by the fluorescent analysis according to the shift of the fluorescence spectrum maximum and the fluorescence dynamic quenching method. At pH 9.0-6.0 plasminogen has a stable native conformation, with a decrease of pH from 6.0 down to 5.3 the fluorescence spectrum maximum moves towards the short-wave region and with the subsequent lowering of pH--to the long-wave region. A share of the available protein tryptophanyls to quenchers KI and acrylamide in the neutral and weak-acid media is determined. The analysis of the data obtained permits considering that the plasminogen molecule at pH 5,3 is of a more compact structure than at pH 7.0; at pH 2.0 it loosens preserving the compact packing. PMID- 7324188 TI - [Mechanism of thrombinogenesis inhibition by phosphatidyl serine]. AB - The graphical analysis of the thrombinogenesis phosphatidyl serine inhibition kinetics accompanied by the prothrombin complex activation by factors III or Xa in the presence of calcium ions evidences for the inhibitor coupling with the process substrate, prothrombin. Evidently, phosphatidyl serine inhibits only the second stage of thrombinogenesis--the interaction of factor Xa with prothrombin, and does not affect the activation of factor X. It is also established that phosphatidyl serine evoke no decrease in the intensity of the factor Xa and prothrombin coupling with factor III and forms no complexes with factor Xa. Therefore, the interaction of factor Xa-prothrombin realized due to appearance of the phosphatidyl serine-prothrombin low-active complex is the only object of the inhibitory effect of phosphatidyl serine on thrombogenesis. PMID- 7324189 TI - [Composition of the histone-nonhistone protein complex isolated from calf thymus chromatin]. AB - The relative content of protein and total histone of chromatin complex was compared after gel-chromatographical separation with subsequent electrophoresis of the obtained fractions in polyacrylamide gel. The H1 and H4 histones relative amounts did not differ from the calculated values while in the complex the H1 content was lower and that of H4 was almost twice as high. Three histone fractions of the complex (H2a, H2b and H4) contained nonhistone proteins which were not separated by gel chromatography. The H2a histone fraction had the most rich spectrum of nonhistone proteins (6 lines). Three high-molecular nonhistone protein fractions out of ten revealed in the complex could be found only in the alkaline medium in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. PMID- 7324190 TI - [Metabolism of sialocontaining glycoproteins and lysosomal enzyme activity and neurotropic effect of various environmental chemical factors]. AB - A comparative biochemical study of the sialocontaining glycoproteids metabolism and the activity of certain lysosome enzymes shows that the effect of different environmental, chemical factors (carbon disulphide, dimethyl acetamide, lead acetate; etc.) causes changes in the activity of certain lysosome enzymes and the enzyme-substrate system of N-acetyl neuraminic acid--N-acetyl neuraminic acid aldolase, participating, in the metabolism of sialocontaining glycoproteids as structural components of the brain biomembranes. PMID- 7324191 TI - [Multiple forms of cathepsin D from the human brain]. AB - Six peaks of the endopeptidase activity at pH 3.2 were obtained after isoelectric focusing of soluble fractions of cortex and hypothalamus of the human brain. The molecular weight of these endopeptidases are approximately 50000. All obtained endopeptidases possess almost the same Km and I50 relative to the substrate- pyridoxal globin and specific inhibitor--pepstatin. The studies of the revealed properties show that the endopeptidases are multiple forms of cathepsin D. PMID- 7324192 TI - [Inhibition of creatine kinase activity by glycolysis metabolites]. AB - It is shown that lactate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of muscle creative kinase Ki 16 mmol with respect to MgATP. When inhibitors are applied in combination (lactate with glucose-6-phosphate or inorganic phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate with Pi or all three inhibitors together) a competition arises. When applied together the combined action is weaker than the sum of inhibition of three effectors in the case of separate application. The competition is revealed in model experiments with metabolite concentrations peculiar to resting and acting muscle. The supposition is made that formation of lactate, glucose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate in the muscle tissue can induce partial, but not complete inhibition of the creatine kinase activity. PMID- 7324193 TI - [Age peculiarities of the intake dynamics of (35S)thiamine and its phosphoric esters administered parenterally into rat organs]. AB - The maximal intake of [35S]thiamine for the first hours followed administration of its physiological dose (150 mumol/kg) into the blood small intestine, kidneys, liver, myocardium and brain grows in ontogenesis by 55-60, 25-30, 80-110, 25-40, 15-30, 5-12%. This evidences for a more pronounced thiamine lack in old animals as compared to the young ones. After injection of labelled thiamine diphosphate the increment of the vitamin B1 total amount is the highest in the kidneys and small intestine of old animals. A higher increment of the vitamin B1 total amount in tissues of old rats after the labelled thiamine injection may be explained by a delayed intensity of its renewal deficiency. [35S]thiamine phosphate and [35S]thiamine diphosphate especially enter all organs, except for the liver, more intensively than [35S]thiamine (their amount is by 25-40% higher in all age groups). PMID- 7324194 TI - [Interaction of thiamine pyrophosphate and some of its analogs with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from the adrenal cortex]. AB - Highly purified preparations of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenals partially contain strongly bound thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) which provides to 35% of the maximal activity measured under saturation with the exogenous TPP. The dependence of the complex-catalyzed reaction rate on the TPP concentration is described by Michaelis-Menten equation. The apparent value of Km for TPP without Mg2+ is 2.3 mumol. Magnesium ions reduce Km to 1.1 mumol. The constant of the TPP with the enzyme association rate calculated by the lag-period without Mg2+ is 3043 mol-1 s-1 in the presence of Mg2+ it is 9090 mol-1 . s-1. Phosphorus ethers of oxy- and tetrahydrothiamine produce a competitive type inhibition on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with respect to TPP. Oxythiamine pyrophosphate (Ki--0,07 microM) and tetrahydrothiamine pyrophosphate (Ki--0,1 microM) possess the highest inhibitory action. PMID- 7324195 TI - [Effect of tubaside and sodium succinate on oxidative phosphorylation and p hydroxylation in the liver]. AB - Tubaside causes disturbances in oxidative phosphorylation of the liver mitochondria. Sodium succinate administered during tubaside intoxication favours normalization of the oxygen uptake rate in state 3 and the ADP phosphorylation rate. Sodium succinate weakens the toxic effect of tubaside and favours normalization of p-hydroxylation in the liver. The animals, which were given tubaside in combination with sodium succinate are characterized by a higher survival rate. PMID- 7324196 TI - [Iodine metabolism in rat tissues under physical loads]. AB - Single short-term physical loading as swimming and race in the treadmill evoke in rats changes in the total iodine amount, intensify the hormonogenic function of thyroid gland with hormonal iodine enrichment of tissues and metabolism of thyroid hormones. All these processes become more intensive when the duration of loads increases and they become weaker during 80 min swimming. The short-term swimming evokes more intensive mobilization and redistribution of iodine reserve in rats than race. The indices under study change to a greater extent with the long-term race in a treadmill. PMID- 7324197 TI - [Micromethod for plasminogen determination]. AB - Conditions are developed for determining potential activity of plasminogen in amine groups formed in casein hydrolysis. Two variants of determination are suggested: by means of a ninhydrin reagent and trinitrobenzene sulphoacid. The method permits determining 0.02-0.1 of plasmin casein units (cas. units); it is 20 times as sensitive as the known caseinolytic method based on determination of the degree of tyrosine absorption. PMID- 7324198 TI - [Method for obtaining muscle adenosine monophosphoric acid]. AB - A method is developed for obtaining 5'-AMP with utilization of the partially purified potato apyrase. In this case the extract of muscles or the medical preparation of ATP not corresponding to the standard requirements may be initial product instead of the purified ATP. PMID- 7324199 TI - [Protein spectrum and aminotransferase activity in the abomasum and small intestine mucosa of newborn calves]. AB - Study of newborn infants established that the total content of soluble proteins in the abomasum and intestine mucosa does not vary significantly. In the composition of the small intestine mucosa proteins the content of prealbumin and albumin increases. The aspartate aminotransferase activity of the studied tissues becomes more intensive with the calves age. PMID- 7324200 TI - [Acidic protein content in the brain structures of hibernating animals]. AB - The water-soluble protein extracts from the different brain structures of hibernating animals were separated by means of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The relative content of the most acidic protein corresponding to the nerve-specific protein S-100 under the same experimental conditions was determined in various physiological states. It is shown that the quantity of this protein in the brain stem increased in awakening animals as compared to the hibernating ones whereas its content in the cortex and hippocampus was stable. PMID- 7324201 TI - The diagnostic significance of intracytoplasmic lumina in metastatic neoplasms. PMID- 7324202 TI - Intracerebral Ganglioneuroblastoma with intracytoplasmic microtubular aggregates: case report and ultrastructural study. AB - Cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare entity that is not well characterized at the ultrastructural level. We report a case of such a neoplasm with some unique fine structural features. The tumor contains both small cells with little evidence of differentiation and large, bizarre multinucleate cells, many of which contain intracytoplasmic aggregates of 22- to 24-nm microtubules that displace the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles to the periphery of the cell. Inclusions of this type have of previously been described in this entity. PMID- 7324203 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of a craniopharyngioma: x-ray microanalytical study of the intratumoral mineralized deposits. AB - This paper discusses the value of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis in the classification of craniopharyngiomas. This neoplasm shows epithelial nest, cords of cuboid cells, foci of squamous metaplasia, and microcystic degeneration. SEM reveals that the epithelial cysts are lined with elongated cells that possess numerous microvilli and blebs and that some cysts are lined with polyhedral cells. The microvilli are interpreted as characteristic of the fast growing craniopharyngiomas. A microanalytical study of the calcified areas reveals the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium. PMID- 7324204 TI - Retroperitoneal tumor with vertebral metastasis in a 25-year-old female. PMID- 7324205 TI - Unidentified structures in tumor cells. PMID- 7324206 TI - Foreign material in the tissues of patients on recurrent hemodialysis. PMID- 7324207 TI - [The cancer family syndrome]. PMID- 7324208 TI - [2 families with the cancer family syndrome]. PMID- 7324209 TI - [An equipment for general anesthesia with automatic dumping]. PMID- 7324210 TI - [Adjustment of the overflow valve and inflated minute volume in the half-closed anesthesia system]. PMID- 7324211 TI - [Mayonnaise eczema in a day nursery]. PMID- 7324212 TI - [Experiences with tracheostomy by the Bjork method]. PMID- 7324213 TI - [Postoperative state following ileostomy by the Kock method]. PMID- 7324214 TI - [Air concentration of methylmethacrylate monomer during total hip replacement]. PMID- 7324215 TI - [Forearm fracture in adults]. PMID- 7324216 TI - [2 polychemotherapy regimens in generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, classified according to the Kiel system. A retrospective analysis]. PMID- 7324217 TI - [Pneumomediastinum following a wrestling grip during play]. PMID- 7324219 TI - [Cancer family syndrome]. PMID- 7324218 TI - [Aspiration of a foreign body]. PMID- 7324220 TI - [Hospital food in Denmark]. PMID- 7324221 TI - [Pension fund, yes or no?]. PMID- 7324222 TI - [Breast cancer in Denmark, 1943-1976. Cancer statistics no. 3]. PMID- 7324223 TI - [Hospital food in Denmark. Dietary standards recommended by the Health Committee of the Medical Society]. PMID- 7324224 TI - [Sickness and possibilities in caring for nursery school children]. PMID- 7324225 TI - [School health services]. PMID- 7324226 TI - [Cervical lymphadenitis in children cause by atypical mycobacteria and Mycobacterium avium]. PMID- 7324227 TI - [Vasodilation therapy in severe cardiac insufficiency. A review and therapeutic proposals without invasive hemodynamic monitoring]. PMID- 7324228 TI - [Neurogenic diabetes insipidus in hypoxemic encephalopathy]. PMID- 7324229 TI - [Ectopic ureter. Delayed diagnosis in females]. PMID- 7324230 TI - [Peripheral solitary round infiltrates in the lungs]. PMID- 7324231 TI - [Cases of burns. Report on a 10-year period from the Odense Hospital]. PMID- 7324232 TI - [Calculation of serum calcium by means of QaTc intervals]. PMID- 7324233 TI - [Imerslund-Grasbeck's syndrome. Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption and proteinuria]. PMID- 7324234 TI - [Late unreduced anterior dislocation of the shoulder]. PMID- 7324235 TI - [Report concerning the employments of Danish physicians in November 1980]. PMID- 7324236 TI - [Developments of the birth rates. A prognosis based on registration of pregnancy examinations by general practitioners]. PMID- 7324237 TI - [Effects of formaldehyde on the staff of selected day care institutions]. PMID- 7324238 TI - [Urethritis in males. Comparison of some social and sexual conditions in males with gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 7324239 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma. Physiopathology, examination methods and treatment]. PMID- 7324240 TI - [Drug therapy of exercise-induced asthma]. PMID- 7324241 TI - [The diagnostic value of myelography in lumbar disk prolapse]. PMID- 7324242 TI - [Tea drinker's syndrome]. PMID- 7324243 TI - [Malignant giant cell tumor, initially diagnosed as a pilonidal cyst]. PMID- 7324244 TI - [Accidental hypothermia]. PMID- 7324245 TI - [Transient extraperitoneal bladder hernia. 3 cases]. PMID- 7324246 TI - [Preventive antibiotic therapy in appendectomy]. PMID- 7324247 TI - [Mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of metronidazole]. PMID- 7324248 TI - [Mendelson's syndrome--treatment with corticosteroids or antibiotics?]. PMID- 7324249 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma]. PMID- 7324250 TI - [Technological evaluation and screening]. PMID- 7324251 TI - [Political epidemiology?]. PMID- 7324252 TI - Blood cell changes in asymptomatic divers. AB - Many recent reports have suggested that diving and decompression cause changes in blood cells even when no overt symptoms of decompression sickness are present. This study subjected 10 normal persons to a pressure exposure of 100 fsw (30.5 msw) for 60 min followed by the standard U.S. Navy decompression schedule. No subject had symptoms of clinical decompression sickness. Repeated blood samples over a 3-week period spanning the simulated dive were analyzed for numbers of red cells, white cells, reticulocytes, platelets (by three methods), and size distribution of platelets. The study was designed to detect postdive changes of less than 5%. Small but definite decreases were found in levels of red cells, white cells, hematocrit, and platelets (by microscopic methods but not by machine), and the proportion of large platelets rose. The changes were too mild to support a proposed mechanism of decompression damage. PMID- 7324253 TI - Application of bubble formation model to decompression sickness in fingerling salmon. AB - Recently a new cavitation model has been proposed in which bubble formation in aqueous media in initiated by spherical gas nuclei stabilized by surface-active membranes of varying gas permeability. In previous application of the varying permeability model, good agreement has been obtained with experimental limits in pressure reduction for gelatin, rats, and humans following steady-state exposures. We new extend this investigation to fingerling salmon and demonstrate that a satisfactory description of the decompression data of D' Aoust et al. (Undersea Biomed Res 1980; 7:199-209) is provided by the model with parameter values that are similar to those found for other physical and biological systems. This adds further evidence for the generally of the model as well as for the importance of bubble nucleation as the primary and controlling event in decompression sickness. PMID- 7324254 TI - Pressure equilibration of the middle ear during ascent. AB - The capacity to equilibrate the middle ear with the ambient pressure depends on different factors. During descent when the clearing is active the technique is the most important factor. During ascent when the clearing is passive the status of the mucosal membranes lining the eustachian tube is believed to be of major importance. Horizontal position in air and head-up immersion in water to the neck have in earlier investigations shown to decrease the passive clearing capacity compared to vertical, head-up position in air. It was found in this study that a change from head-up position in water to prone in water did not change in clearing capacity, while head-down position in water gave a significant decrease of the clearing capacity. The results are discussed in terms of venous pressure in the neck veins in the different positions. PMID- 7324255 TI - Increased pulmonary vascular resistance during liquid ventilation. AB - The effect of liquid ventilation on pulmonary vascular resistance was studied in an isolated cat lung preparation in situ. Lungs were perfused with whole blood from a donor cat at a constant flow of 100 ml . min-1 kg-1. Pulmonary arterial venous pressures were measured, and pulmonary vascular resistance calculated during gas ventilation (control) and ventilation with fluorocarbon, FC-80. During control ventilation at a mean tidal volume (VT) of 28 +/- 1 (SEM) ml and lung volume of 108 +/- 8 (SEM) ml, pulmonary vascular resistance was 0.07 +/- 0.01 (SEM) PRU. During liquid ventilation at similar lung volumes, pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 62% to 0.12 +/- 0.03 (SEM) PRU (P less than 0.05). At greater liquid lung volumes reflecting optimum CO2 elimination, pulmonary vascular resistance increased by 115% over control values to 0.15 +/- 0.01 (SEM) PRU (P less than 0.005). These data demonstrate significant alterations in pulmonary circulation during liquid ventilation, and suggest that further studies should be completed before hyperbaric applications in human can be considered. PMID- 7324256 TI - A pilot study of skin disinfection in the hyperbaric environment. AB - An opportunity was taken to carry out a pilot on human skin disinfection during a recent long-term saturation dive at extremely high pressure. Despite a number of difficulties, results were sufficiently encouraging to suggest that, given ideal conditions, sterilization of the skin in preparation for surgical or anesthetic procedures, or both, in a hyperbaric environment is possible. PMID- 7324257 TI - [Biomechanical studies on the 4.5 mm cortex screw used as a plate screw (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324258 TI - [Bicondylar intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the humerus. Treatment and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324259 TI - [Conservative and operative treatment of impacted subcapital fractures of the femoral neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324260 TI - [Therapeutic principles in third degree open fractures of the distal lower leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324261 TI - [Partial patellectomy for treatment of multi-fragment fractures of the patella (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324262 TI - [Dermatology: what relationship?]. PMID- 7324263 TI - [Oncocytoma of the labial fold]. PMID- 7324264 TI - [The primary challenge in community health: widening our vision to reach our true objectives]. PMID- 7324265 TI - [Observations of a student on a geriatric service]. PMID- 7324266 TI - [Fluoridation in Quebec: retrospective study of a failure]. PMID- 7324267 TI - [Public opinion of fluoridation]. PMID- 7324268 TI - [Future of vaccines in the prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 7324269 TI - [Antihypertensive agents acting on the nervous system. 1. Physiology]. PMID- 7324270 TI - [Acceptance of new criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and associated conditions]. PMID- 7324271 TI - [Relationship between age, weight, educational status and the prevalence of arterial hypertension in the suburbs of Quebec]. PMID- 7324272 TI - [Parasitology: the universal worm]. PMID- 7324273 TI - [Budgetary impact of overutilization of multianalyzer tests]. PMID- 7324274 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy: perinatal mortality and morbidity 1975-1980]. PMID- 7324275 TI - [Lupus nephritis. 1. Etiology and anatomo-pathology]. PMID- 7324276 TI - [Antihypertensive drugs acting at the nervous system level. 2. Central action]. PMID- 7324277 TI - [Evaluation of acupuncture in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7324278 TI - [Lithotrity and lithotomy]. PMID- 7324279 TI - [Sensory integration: occupational therapeutic approach]. PMID- 7324280 TI - [Rubella immunity in female adolescents of the Province of Quebec, 1976-1977]. PMID- 7324281 TI - [Emergence of primary teeth in French-Canadian children]. PMID- 7324282 TI - [Pharmacological education, analysis of results and thoughts on certain factors]. PMID- 7324283 TI - [Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7324284 TI - An ultrasensitive assay of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 7324285 TI - Ultrastructure of the yolk substance in preimplantation embryos of the gerbil. AB - The yolk substance or deutoplasm in preimplantation embryos of the Mongolian Gerbil was observed to be composed of tubule-like structures which were grouped in slightly wavy bundles running in various directions and occupying the major cytoplasmic space in the cell. The tubules were about 70 nm wide and, where cut longitudinally, had a maximal length of 2 micrometer in the micrographs. This deutoplasm structure has no similarity to that observed in other species, thus supporting the earlier assumption that the ultrastructure of deutoplasm is species specific. PMID- 7324286 TI - The use of con A Sepharose as an affinity adsorbent in a simple assay of serum sialyl and fucosyltransferase and its application in tumour diagnosis. AB - A considerably simplified assay for recording sialyl- and fucosyltransferase in human serum is presented. Serum samples incubated with labeled nucleotide-sugar and glycosylated endogenous acceptor molecules were adsorbed to Con A Sepharose and quantitated by scintillation counting. The results correlated with those of a much more time consuming acid precipition method, and displayed a higher diagnostic sensitivity due to the improved specificity of the method and the combined recording of the two activities. A correlation between serum sialyl- and fucosyltransferase activities as well as quantitative agreement between the amount of incorporated sialic acid and fucose indicated that rhe endogenous acceptor molecules were rate-limiting for transfer and may themselves have diagnostic potential. PMID- 7324287 TI - Fatty acid composition of human breast milk. Changes during the first week after delivery. AB - Breast milk was collected daily from 11 healthy Polish mothers during the first week after delivery. The method of Folch was found suitable for fat extraction from breast milk. The concentration of total fat and of triglycerides and the fatty acid composition of total fat were determined. The concentration of total fat was 2.4 g/100 ml on the second day after delivery and 4.4 g/100 ml on the seventh day. There was a similar rise in the triglyceride concentration. No relation was found between the concentration of total fat and the relative concentrations of fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 18:1 and 16:0, which comprised about 70 per cent of the fatty acids. The essential fatty acids comprised about 10 per cent of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid spectrum changed during the sampling period. The proportions of 10:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 16:1 increased, those of 16:0, 18:2, 20:0 and 22:0 were unchanged, and those of 18:0 and 20:4 decreased. Very long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g. 22:6, were also present. All the polyenoic acids - except 18:2 showed the highest concentrations on the first day after delivery. PMID- 7324288 TI - Zinc and copper concentration in serum of patients with congenital ichthyosis, spastic di- or tetraplegia and mental retardation (Sjogren-Larsson syndrome). AB - Serum zinc and serum copper were examined in 18 patients with the Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (congenital ichthyosis, spastic di- or tetraplegia and mental retardation), in four patients with congenital ichthyosis and mental retardation, of whom three had alopecia, and in nine healthy controls. No indication of disturbed zinc or copper metabolism in these groups of patients was found. PMID- 7324289 TI - Oral versus vaginal absorption in oestradiol in postmenopausal women. Effects of different particles sizes. AB - Crystalline oestradiol-17 beta is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Three different fractions and a standard fraction containing oestradiol- 17 beta of a known particle size and surface area, were administered orally, to postmenopausal women, to test if changes in particle size will influence the absorption. The bioavailability of each fraction was determined by measurements of peripheral plasma oestrogens. Two different dosages of the standard fraction were given vaginally to compare the bioavailability after oral and vaginal administration. The gastrointestinal absorption was dependent of the particle size of oestradiol. The smaller particle the more rapid and effective absorption as reflected by increasing area under the plasma concentration curve of oestrone and oestradiol. The smallest particle, however, resulted in a pronounced initial oestradiol peak. The coarser particles were more slowly absorbed with more even plasma oestrogen elevation for a sustained period of time. The vaginal absorption of oestradiol was more effective than the gastrointestinal. When the same amount of an equal preparation according to particle size, was given vaginally the maximal plasma concentration was almost 40 times higher than when given orally. PMID- 7324290 TI - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes: methodological aspects. AB - Different methodological aspects on the assay of human erythrocyte catechol-O methyltransferase (COMT) activity were studied. No temporal variations were found either over a 24 hour period or over one month. Erythrocytes from whole blood collected with any of the anticoagulants heparin, EDTA or citrate could be used as the enzyme source provided the cells were washed in saline. The COMT activity in lysed erythrocytes was rapidly lost when the lysate was stored at +4 degrees C and -20 degrees C. Intact erythrocytes could be stored up to one week in +4 degrees C without considerable loss of activity. The COMT activity was stable for at least two years when storing the cells at -85 degrees C. Freeze-thawing and hypotonic disruption of the erythrocytes resulted in the same activity and neither freeze-thawing nor sonication altered the apparent Km for the substrate. Noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxybenozic acid (DBA) could both be used as substrates although DBA gave higher activity values and had a higher affinity to the enzyme. The COMT activity increased with increasing concentration of the methyl-donor S-adenosyl-1-methionine up to approximately 0.1 mM. Preincubation at 47 degrees C decreased the COMT activity whereas the apparent Km values remained unchanged. The present COMT assay was convenient and reproducible and could be used with small amounts of blood with different kinds of anticoagulants. Interactions with plasma factors were avoided by washing the erythrocytes with isotonic sodium chloride. PMID- 7324291 TI - Characterisation of urinary crystals and thin polished sections of urinary calculi by means of an optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic arrangement. AB - The use of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined permits a more far-reaching investigation of a given specimen. The subsequent element distribution analysis (EDAX system) allows the determination of mixed phases, inclusions and single crystals. The instrument combination was successfully tried on urinary crystals and thin sections of urinary calculi. The description of some findings, with the aid of examples, explains the efficiency of the system in the expansion of urinary calculus analysis. PMID- 7324292 TI - [Intravesical instillation of adriamycin in the aftertreatment of transurethrally resected carcinoma of the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. AB - 32 patients whose condition was diagnosed as carcinoma of the urinary bladder were subjected to weekly intravesical instillation treatment with adriamycin for a period of 6 weeks after transurethral resection of the tumours. The oncolytic and thus recurrence-preventive value of treatment was determined by endoscopic controls with exploratory excisions. All in all a persistent tumour was found in 31% of the cases and a recurrence-free course in 69% over a minimum observation period of 1 year. These results are definitely better than those for comparable instillation treatments with surface-active or immunologically active substances. PMID- 7324293 TI - [Computer-based measurements of bladder cancer urothelial cells by high resolution microscopic-cytophotometric system (author's transl)]. AB - Examination of exfoliated urothelial cells present in the urine has been shown to be diagnostic by many researchers, but cytology is not yet widely accepted for routine diagnostic purposes. Cytology is highly efficient in the primary diagnosis of high grade transitional carcinoma (grade II-III) but of limited value in the diagnosis of benign papilloma and low grade tumors. The sensitivity of cytology would be increased by improving the techniques of collecting cells out of urine, using highly sensitive staining techniques and by objective cytologic measuring methods. Using a computer-based cytophotometric microscope, the cytologic analysis of 26 patients with bladder tumors are represented. There is evidence that a computerized measuring system is able to detect bladder tumors with a high accuracy. PMID- 7324294 TI - Initiation and propagation of canine renal pelvic peristalsis. AB - A new in vitro method was employed which enabled detailed examination of the initiation and propagation of the peristaltic contraction of the renal pelvis and ureter. Both the kidney and its attached ureter were carefully removed and the renal parenchyma concealing the renal pelvis and calyces removed under the dissection microscope. At the pelvicalyceal border, ripple-like peristaltic contraction of a constant frequency were observed. At the same time, electromyograms with a slow rising phase were recorded at constant intervals from the pelvicalyceal border, leading us to deduce that these might represent pacemaker potentials. The discharge interval of electromyograms recorded at both the center of the pelvis and the pelviureteric junction were found to be a multiple of the 'pacemaker' interval. Electrical activity (peristalsis) arising from the pacemaker might be blocked at only the center of the pelvis but also at the pelviureteric junction. PMID- 7324295 TI - [Urodynamic findings in women after surgery for stress incontinence: urethrovesical suspension according to Pereyra (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the urethrovesical suspension according to Pereyra (combined with vaginal repair and hysterectomy) was analyzed using urodynamic and clinical data of 30 stressincontinent women before and 1 year after the operation. Parameters of 149 patients also suffering from stress incontinence treated by anterior colporrhaphy were studied in a similar way. The comparison showed that women with an unusual short urethra ( less than 22 mm) and a low urethral closure pressure (less than 45 cm H2O) are not expected to be continent after anterior colporrhaphy. In these cases the Pereyra suspension could be indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent incontinence. PMID- 7324296 TI - Retrograde urography with a new antiseptic contrast contrast material. An experimental study. AB - A new antiseptic contrast material, composed of sodium diatrizoate-meglumine diatrizoate and PVP-iodine solution, was prepared and tested for retrograde cystography. It was tested in vitro and in dogs, showed satisfactory radiological features and rapid wide bactericidal action without detectable side effects. Septic complications following radiological demonstration of the urinary tract may be reduced. PMID- 7324297 TI - [In vitro and first in vivo experiments for the dissolution of calcium-containing urinary calculi (author's transl)]. AB - There are numerous reports dealing with the significantly reduced citrate secretion in (recurrent) tone formers. The critical values of the Ca/citrate ratio in the nocturnal urine of (oxalate) stone formers has also been reported, emphasizing the need of medicaments being capable to increase the citrate secretion and to raise the basal citrate level of the nocturnal urine in these patients. In our in vitro experiments, we tested quantitatively the inhibitory activity of some new substances on crystal growth. In Wistar rats we measured the Ca2+-binding capacity as well as the citrate and oxalate excretion before and after oral application of a great number of new compounds. Some of them were highly efficacious in the reduction of the Ca-oxalate activity product, as can be derived from the increased Ca2+-binding capacity and/or the decreased oxalate secretion in urine. PMID- 7324298 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on the occurrence of bacteria and bacterial antigen. AB - Nine kidneys with typical xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XP) involvement were investigated on the occurrence of bacteria, bacterial fragments and antigen, in light microscopy using Gram staining and immunohistochemistry, and by electron microscopy. The present study did not reveal any occurrence of bacteria, bacterial fragments or antigen. It is concluded that the xanthogranulomatous reaction in man represents a resorption phenomenon, and not an immunological reaction to bacteria or bacterial antigen. PMID- 7324299 TI - Anatomical considerations in suprahilar lymph node dissection for testicular tumors. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of removing lymph nodes located above the renal vessels in men with nonseminomatous testicular cancer we have: (1) reviewed the anatomy of the testicular lymphatic drainage; (2) analyzed data on 30 suprahilar lymph node dissections, and (3) reviewed 19 CT scans on patients with testicular cancer. Because the primary lymphatic drainage of the testis is not to suprahilar nodes, in the absence of bulky disease these lymph nodes rarely contain metastatic disease. Furthermore, because most suprahilar lymph nodes are located behind the aorta in between the crura of the diaphragm these lymph nodes are difficult, if not impossible, to resect. Thus, in patients without lymph node enlargement, suprahilar extension of routine lymphadenectomies is not recommended. PMID- 7324300 TI - [Progress in urolithiasis research. Report and comments on the Urolithiasis Symposium 1981, Bonn (author's transl)]. AB - EPIDEMIOLOGY: The annual incidence of urolithiasis in the population is at least 0.1%. In rural areas, there are remarkably less actual stone formers than in urban districts, and also vegetarians show less stone diseases. Calcium carbonate as a urinary calculus compound is not in the strict sense impossible, but often an artifact. About 10% of homozygotic cystinuria patients never suffer an actual stone disease. PATHOGENESIS: It is obvious that for stone formation urinary supersaturation alone is not sufficient. Besides the well-known inhibitors like citrate, magnesium and pyrophosphate there have to be other important urinary constituents. Risk factors are high protein or glucose intakes and, in general, hyperalimentation, simply because any food has to be deplenished somehow and increases the urine concentration. A special cause may be found in alterations of the renal tubuli. Diagnostic: For the quite difficult oxalate analysis, an enzymatic test is commercially available. Up to now, the most important analytical task in urolithiasis is still the correct analysis of urinary calculi. Qualitative chemical analysis shows up to 50% erroneous results, leading to false therapies. To determine the calculus compounds the best appropriate method is by far the X-ray diffraction analysis. THERAPY: The results with adsorption medicines are contradictory. Satisfactory therapies are given for uricosuria with allopurinol and for oxaluria with pyridoxine. A new therapy for cystinuria may be the combined application of ascorbic acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate. PMID- 7324301 TI - [Urodynamic investigations. Volume/flow and pressure/flow relationship in children (author's transl)]. AB - Subject of the report are urodynamic investigations in 122 children with a normal urinary tract and in 168 children with disturbances of the subvesical outflow. The children were divided into four groups corresponding to age and sex. Measuring methods were uroflowmetry and cystometry. The latter was performed with small urethral plastic catheters 1,5 mm in diameter. In comparison with the investigations without catheter our measured values show a revoked or distinctly decreased dependence of the maximal urinary flow on the micturition volume. This behaviour can be explained by an approximately maximal widening of the subvesical outflow tract due to the obstructive effect of the catheter. The pressure/flow relations confirm this behaviour. They correspond to those of a rigid tube with individual constant diameter. This condition permits a good comparison between the measured values and an accurate separation between normal and pathologic cases. Normal ranges of the pressure/flow relations at the moment of maximal flow were calculated and presented by diagrams. Pathologic micturitions can be differentiated and classified by such diagrams. Among the various urodynamic methods the uroflowmetry has a good diagnostic value in boys. With the urethra resistance relation PQmax/Qmax2 a subvesical obstruction may be recognized in both sexes. A better assessment of the functional obstructive effect with regard to compensation and decompensation is only possible with the demonstrated pressure/flow diagrams. PMID- 7324302 TI - Kelami-Affeld alloplastic spermatocele and successful human delivery. PMID- 7324303 TI - Three-dimensional intraoperative stone localization. AB - The technique of three-dimensional intraoperative stone localization is based on the geometrical laws of stereoscopic photography. While the horizontal stone position is determined conventionally from the situation of the stone images in relation to the X-ray markers, the vertical stone position can be calculated from the diameter of the kidney, the projection distance between the double images of the concrements and the projection distance between the double images of the marker. A new small X-ray unit with a collimator attached to a tripod with counterbalance guarantees optimal intraoperative handling as well as constant X ray exposure data and easy focusing. PMID- 7324304 TI - Symposium on hypospadias. PMID- 7324305 TI - Embryology of the male external genitalia. PMID- 7324306 TI - The etiology of chordee. PMID- 7324307 TI - Congenital curvature of the penis without hypospadias. AB - A series of 18 cases of congenital curvature of the penis without hypospadias is reviewed. Two types of curvature are differentiated. One type (12 cases) without any other anomaly of the penis is treated by a single-stage operation without involving the urethra. In the second type (6 cases), the curvature is associated with hypoplasia of the urethra on a more or less long portion, and it has to be treated as a concealed hypospadias. PMID- 7324308 TI - Cutaneous chordee and its implications in hypospadias repair. PMID- 7324309 TI - Experience in hypospadias repair. PMID- 7324311 TI - The Belt-Fuqua technique for repair of hypospadias. PMID- 7324310 TI - Operative treatment of severe forms of hypospadias. AB - Hypospadias is a polymorphic congenital malformation. Aside from the main defect partial hypoplasia of the urethra--there are other associated malformations: meatal stenosis, penile curvature, penoscrotal skin malformations (pterygiae), partial aplasia of the ventral prepuce, and a large dorsal prepuce. Severe forms are accompanied by hypoplasia of the penis. Hypospadias can be divided into simple forms (anterior hypospadias), in which the meatus is located on the distal half of the penis, and severe forms (posterior hypospadias), in which the meatus is located on the proximal half of the penis, the penoscrotal border, scrotal sulcus, or perineum, either primarily or after elongation and chordectomy. The differences are not only morphological but have practical significance. These two types of hypospadias differ as to operative procedure, complications, and operative results, and cannot be compared with each other. Thus hypospadias must not be considered a single entity, as is often done in the literature, as this may lead to misinterpretation of results. Severe forms of hypospadias are a special problem which require more sophisticated corrective procedures; they are associated with a greater incidence of complications and the aesthetic result is not as good as in the other group. After disappointing results using the Denis Browne, Cecil, and Broadbent methods, we modified Grob's preputial tube-plasty 15 years ago. This technique enables reconstruction of the urethra with a sufficiently large, well-vascularized, non-hair-bearing preputial skin. The new urethra is long and large enough, and grows along with the penis, avoiding secondary curvature. The incidence of postoperative fistulas is low, and secondary closure is simple and safe. The aesthetic result is also satisfactory. The disadvantage of this method, namely the three-stage operative procedure, is compensated for by the low incidence of fistulas, lower operative risk, and shorter duration of each operation, as well as the safety of the method. There is practically no risk of loss of the valuable dorsal preputial skin. For these reasons, even in the event of complications, the final result is always reliable. The simple operative technique and uncomplicated postoperative care also make this method suitable for smaller medical centers. The first stage of the procedure--formation of the preputial tube--can, if necessary, be combined with elongation and chordectomy, thereby saving one operative stage. The good functional and aesthetic results achieved in 196 patients, with no severe postoperative complications and only 37 instances of fistula formation justify further application of this method for the treatment of severe forms of hypospadias. PMID- 7324312 TI - Durham Smith repair of hypospadias. PMID- 7324313 TI - The bladder mucosal graft technique for hypospadias repair. AB - A technique for the repair of severe hypospadias is described. The essential features include: chordee release and cosmetic repair of the previously tethered penis; the construction of a new urethra using bladder mucosa in a subcutaneous tunnel; and an oblique anastomosis of the graft and true urethra as deep within the shaft of the penis as possible. One stricture has developed utilizing this technique. The remainder of the children appear to have obtained a good result. Meatal stenosis requiring dilatation remains a minor problem. The use of bladder mucosal grafts in cases in which previous repairs have failed or when adequate foreskin for urethral reconstruction is lacking is feasible and has been successfully performed in adults. The combination of a chordee release and bladder mucosal inlay graft as a single-stage procedure in a small child had not yet been attempted. PMID- 7324314 TI - One-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias using a tube constructed with bladder mucosa-- a new procedure. PMID- 7324315 TI - Use of vascularized flaps in hypospadias repair. PMID- 7324316 TI - The Broadbent hypospadias repair. PMID- 7324317 TI - The island flap technique for hypospadias repair. PMID- 7324318 TI - MAGPI (meatoplasty and glanuloplasty): a procedure for subcoronal hypospadias. AB - The MAGPI operation for the distal meatus has been a satisfactory operation both functionally and cosmetically. The complication rate is minimal. We therefore believe it is warranted in such cases, particularly to produce the esthetic appearance of a normal penis. We have found it to be a difficult operation to teach others except by demonstration, since we have not been very very successful in producing diagrams or photographs which convey the details of the technique adequately. It is therefore recommended that before this procedure is attempted, one should observe its performance by a surgeon who has mastered the technique. PMID- 7324319 TI - Simultaneous surgical correction of scrotal transposition and perineal hypospadias. PMID- 7324320 TI - Hypospadias dressings and diversions. PMID- 7324321 TI - Genetic aspects of hypospadias. PMID- 7324322 TI - Pearls, tricks, and quirks of hypospadias surgery. Informal comments. PMID- 7324323 TI - The craft of urologic surgery: pyelonephrolithotomy for removal of calculi from the inferior renal pole. PMID- 7324324 TI - The behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) hemocytes following exposure to lectins. PMID- 7324325 TI - Mucus-secreting glands and goblet cells in the trachea of the deer mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. PMID- 7324326 TI - [Simple method of assessing the optic nerve in glaucoma]. PMID- 7324327 TI - [Role of the uveal tract in the pathogenesis of an acute attack of closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7324328 TI - [Gonioscopic picture in glaucoma in young people and elements of a pathogenetic approach to its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7324329 TI - [Venous anastomoses in Schlemm's canal]. PMID- 7324330 TI - [Ultrasonic dopplerography in the diagnosis of vascular eye diseases]. PMID- 7324331 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of fundus oculi parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7324332 TI - [Transplant tension in scleroplasty of the posterior pole of the eyeball]. PMID- 7324333 TI - [Mechanism of restoring the position and mobility of the eye in paralytic strabismus by a new surgical method]. PMID- 7324334 TI - [Complications in photocoagulation]. PMID- 7324335 TI - [Potentials of ultrasonic methods in assessing the state of the arterial and venous blood flow in different forms of glaucoma]. PMID- 7324336 TI - [Effect of local barotherapy, oxygen barotherapy and oxygen inhalation on the oxygenation of the tissues and media of the anterior chamber]. PMID- 7324337 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness in obscuration and refractive amblyopia in children]. PMID- 7324338 TI - [Trophic changes in the anterior uvea in the diagnosis of glaucoma and ocular hypertension]. PMID- 7324339 TI - [Use of echoseriography for determining the location of foreign bodies in the eye and orbit]. PMID- 7324340 TI - [Results of annular sclerocompression in the early diagnosis of glaucoma]. PMID- 7324341 TI - Effect of monensin sodium on the performance and proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids of Friesian bulls. AB - The effect of including monensin sodium at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg in the diet of Friesian bulls (mean initial liveweight 158 kg) fed a barley-based diet ad libitum was assessed in terms of growth rate, feed intake, feed and energy conversion efficiency and the concentration and molar proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acids over a 157-day period. Mean daily feed dry matter intake for the treated group (5.4 kg) was 24 per cent lower than the control group (7.1 kg). The treated group grew at a significantly slower rate than the control animals although feed conversion efficiency was improved by the treatment. A comparison with the results of other workers suggested that the dose rate used had been too high. There were no significant differences in the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid as a result of monensin usage. While many workers have shown increases in the molar proportions of propionic acid the fact that the control group in this experiment had a very high value (48 per cent) may explain the lack of response. PMID- 7324342 TI - Health benefits of owning pet animals. PMID- 7324343 TI - Early vaccination of calves against ringworm caused by Tricophyton verrucosum. PMID- 7324345 TI - Central Veterinary Society's Centenary Prize Lecture. The profession and society. PMID- 7324344 TI - Myopathy of adult cattle in Botswana. PMID- 7324346 TI - Acute fata; pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7324347 TI - Effect of albendazole on Taenia saginata. PMID- 7324348 TI - Torsion of the bovine uterus. PMID- 7324349 TI - An outbreak of sulphur poisoning in horses. PMID- 7324350 TI - Effect of intrauterine infusion of penicillin solution on luteal function in pony mares. PMID- 7324351 TI - Acute cysticercosis in housed sheep. PMID- 7324352 TI - Effect of the shooting position on the stunning of calves by captive bolt. AB - Captive bolt stunning frontally, occipitally and on the nape of he neck was studied in 30 veal calves. The state of consciousness was judged from the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded via surgically pre-implanted electrodes frontally on the right side of the head. Frontal stunning on the left side of the head and occipital stunning almost certainly ensured immediate unconsciousness because delta and theta waves (tending to an iso-electric line) appeared on the EEG directly after stunning. Additionally the corneal reflex was absent. Occipital placing did not result in macroscopical damage to the cortex as did frontal stunning. Shooting witha captive bolt in the nape of the neck caused unconsciousness after mean (+/- sd) 21 +/- 6 seconds. Until then the calves were fully conscious, according to the electroencephalogram and also showed a positive corneal reflex. It is therefore suggested that for the sake of animal welfare captive bolt shooting at the nape of the neck should be abandoned. PMID- 7324353 TI - Observations on the mammary glands of culled ewes at the time of slaughter. AB - Gross abnormalities of the mammary glands of 1650 culled ewes were recorded. Clinically obvious lesions were detected in 211 (12.8 per cent) of udders; 77 per cent of lesions were abscesses. A generalised calcification of the whole of a gland was observed in 23 udders. It is concluded that abnormalities of the udder are an important reason for the culling ewes. The assessment of the cost effectiveness of measures to reduce the incidence of mastitis would be worthwhile. PMID- 7324354 TI - Bovine bronchial cast? PMID- 7324355 TI - Dog biscuits and sheep. PMID- 7324356 TI - Investigation into the spread of swine dysentery in 25 herds of East Anglia and assessment of its economic significance in five herds. AB - Of 25 outbreaks of swine dysentery investigated, 22 were considered to have resulted from the purchase of pigs from farms known to be infected, two from the introduction of Treponema hyodysenteriae on the boots of the stockman, and one from the accidental entry of infected pigs into a 'closed' herd. The hidden costs of swine dysentery in terms of an increased food conversion ratio may be more than four times the cost of medication. A method of halting the spread of disease is described. PMID- 7324357 TI - Weather induced changes in airborne bacteria within a calf house. PMID- 7324358 TI - Dog biscuits and sheep. PMID- 7324359 TI - Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in the dog. AB - Nineteen cases of primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia are reported in the dog. The clinical features included pale mucous membranes, weakness, lethargy and collapse. The intravascular haemolytic type of the disease was seen in nine cases and was characterised by evidence of haemolysis (eg, marked bilirubinaemia). The other 10 cases were classed as the extravascular destructive type of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The presence of autoantibodies (of the IgG class) and complement (C3) on the red blood cells from affected patients was demonstrated by a commercial Coombs' (antiglobulin) test which, although it has disadvantages, is satisfactory providing it is interpreted in association with the clinical, haematological and biochemical features. Treatment of these 19 dogs was with prednisolone and was successful in most cases. PMID- 7324360 TI - A survey of abomasal parasitism in dairy and beef cows in south-west Scotland. AB - Abomasa were collected from 183 dairy and 186 beef cows in south-west Scotland and examined for the presence of nematodes. One hundred and fifty-two of the dairy cows (83 per cent) and 154 of the beef cows (83 per cent) had Ostertagia species worm burdens of less than 1000; 4 per cent of both dairy and beef animals had more than 10,000 ostertagia present. The only other nematode detected was Trichostrongylus axei and this was present in low numbers in 23 cows (13 dairy and 10 beef). A marked seasonal fluctuation was observed in the proportion of adult and fourth larval stages of ostertagia present. Over 70 per cent of the burdens from October through to April were fourth larval stages. In contrast less than 20 per cent of the burdens from May to September were fourth stage larvae. PMID- 7324361 TI - Copper status of red deer on the island of Rhum. AB - The mean (+/- sd) liver copper level of 186 red deer (Cervus elaphus) (87 stags and 99 hinds) on the island of Rhum was 51.26 +/- 44.1 ppm dry matter. The level found in the south-east part of the island was significantly higher than elsewhere in hinds, but not in stags. Levels below 20 ppm dry matter, comparable to those found in cases of enzootic ataxia in deer parks, occurred in 18 stags and 20 hinds. Since enzootic ataxia has never been observed on Rhum, it is deduced that low copper status is not of itself the causal factor in that disease. No significant correlation was found between liver copper levels and stocking rate, age, carcase weight, antler weight, antler specific gravity, hind fertility, natural mortality or transferrin phenotype. It is concluded that above a low but perhaps critical level, the copper status of red deer merely reflects the dietary intake of that element. PMID- 7324362 TI - 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid toxicity in pigs. PMID- 7324364 TI - Hypomagnesaemia in cows. PMID- 7324363 TI - Reproduction of nutritional degenerative myopathy in the post ruminant calf. PMID- 7324365 TI - Intussusception in Siamese cats. PMID- 7324366 TI - Abnormal reactions and their frequency in cattle following the use of organophosphorus warble fly dressings. AB - The signs and treatment of abnormal reactions following the use of organophosphorus systemic warble fly dressings are recorded. A review is provided of all complaints received by the manufacturers and distributors of such compounds during the dressing periods for the years 1975 to 1978. The volume of warble fly dressing sold each year was known and the number of cattle dressed was based on the calculation of the number of adults which could have been treated with the volume. Complaints were divided according to the main signs reported and the most common complaint was that of paralysis-incoordination. The incidence of death or slaughter following use of an organophosphorus compound was one in 93,000 animals treated. The majority of animals showing abnormal signs other than paralysis-incoordination were involved in incidences of skin lesions, depressed milk yield, bloat or 'other reactions'. Compared with the number of animals treated, the level of reported reaction was low (one complaint per 46,000 animals treated). PMID- 7324367 TI - Assay for fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products in canine urine. PMID- 7324369 TI - Weipers Lecture. The Wellcome Trust and veterinary research funding. PMID- 7324368 TI - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis lesion in the heart of a sheep. PMID- 7324370 TI - Feline respiratory tract infection. PMID- 7324371 TI - Bendiocarb poisoning. PMID- 7324372 TI - Maedi-visna in Britain. PMID- 7324373 TI - [Enzymatic and radioisotopic methods of studying the liver functional state in rabbits]. AB - Ten rabbits were used to carry out comparative investigations into the functional state of the liver, employing enzyme tests and radioisotope hepatography. It was found that the enzyme tests were more sensitive as compared to the radioisotope hepatography method in detecting the earliest and more slightly expressed parenchymal lesions of the liver. PMID- 7324374 TI - [Clinical, morphological and biochemical changes in lambs caused by Fusarium toxins]. AB - Studied was the effect of toxic trichotecenes and the F-2 toxin on the health status and the morphologic and biochemical changes in the blood on weaned lambs. It was shown that there was a drop of the hemoglobin content, rise of the leucocyte count, and decrease in the amount of the total proteins along with an increase in the activity of glutamate-oxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate-dehydrogenase. The morphologic changes appeared confined to the rumen, lymph nodes of the forestomach, duodenal mucosa, liver, and kidneys. PMID- 7324375 TI - [Clinical, morphological and biochemical changes in pigs caused by the toxic metabolites of Fusarium tricinctum]. AB - Experiments were carried out with pigs in the course of 30 days with the use of dietary mixtures containing 10 and 20 per cent cultures of Fusarium tricinctum in rice. The treated animals showed higher sensitivity to trichotecenes. These moulds metabolites raised the activity of the serum glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, lipid level, and leukocyte count but lowered the amount of total protein and that of hemoglobin. The morphologic lesions seemed confined mainly to the stomach, intestines, and kidneys. PMID- 7324376 TI - [Reproduction of salmonellosis in swine by aerosol infection]. AB - Four 36-day-old pigs were infected through aerosol with Salmonella cholerae suis var. america, and one pig was injected with same pathogen intravenously as a control, all animals being treated in a chamber. The temperature and the other clinical signs were followed up. Rectal samples and hemocultures were investigated for Salmonella organisms. On the 4th, 8h, 14th, and 25th day a pig was killed for bacteriologic and histopathologic investigations of the viscera. As early as the 48th hour there were in the aerosol-treated animals a rise of temperature and deterioration of the general status. From those that were killed at varying intervals Salmonellae were isolated from the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, small intestines, and other organs up to the 14th day after the pigs were infected, while on the 25th day Salmonellae were recovered only in the caecum, from the rectal samples of 3 pigs, and in a hemoculture from one pig. Histopathologically, there were lesions characteristic of salmonellosis. It is supposed that in the conditions of industrial pig farming at least two mechanisms of transmitting the Salmonella organisms exist -- the alimentary one (a primary route), and the air dust one. PMID- 7324377 TI - [Manganese and zinc absorption in juvenile, sexually mature and pregnant animals]. AB - The content of manganese and zinc was determined in samples of various portions of the intestinal tract, some other viscera, and the endocrinal glands of infantile, mature, and pregnant animals, using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was found that the absorption capacity of the individual tissues and organs with regard to Mn and Zn was varying. Of the intestinal organs the duodenum was characterized by highest Mn absorption, and of the viscera investigated the liver was shown to have the highest content of Mn and Zn. So far as the endocrinal glands were concerned the adrenals were richest in Mn, and the testes - in Zn, followed by the pancreas and the thymus. However, compared to the epididymis the testes contained more Zn and less Mn. The uterus was poorer in these microelements than the ovaries. In the course of pregnancy the absorption of Mn and Zn by the tissues and organs rose. PMID- 7324378 TI - [Experiments to inactivate the entomopathogenic action of the preparation dipel in the silkworm Bombyx mori L]. AB - Experiments were carried out at the vivarium of the Silkworm Experimental Station in Vratsa during the autumn silkworm feeding in 1980, using the Kinshu x Showa hybrid. Tested was its tolerance of a water solution of chlorinated lime with active chlorine from 0.003 to 1.0 per cent administered orally with the feed. Studied was at the same time the inactivating capacity of these chlorine solutions with regard to 0.3 per cent water solutions of dipel in less than a minute's time, the latter being sprayed over the leaves of mulberry trees 24 hours prior to giving the leaves to the worms. It was found that the silkworms tolerated well mulberry leaves sprayed with water solution of chlorinated lime of active chlorine ranging from 0.003 up to 0.4 per cent. Rates of 0.06-0.07 per cent active chlorine could inactivate dipel in 0.3 per cent solution. It is believed that aqueous solutions of chlorinated lime of 0.06-0.07 per cent active chlorine could be used in the inactivation of dipel in concentration not higher than 0.3 per cent when the preparation is sprayed at the rate of 100 cm3/m2 in mulberry plantations in the period of growing. PMID- 7324379 TI - [Histological changes in the liver of Benkovska breed geese during the fattening period]. AB - Studies were carried out to follow up the histologic changes taking place in the liver of Benkovska breed geese during different periods of fattening. A correlation was established between the period of fattening and the severity of the liver lesions. During the preparatory period there was in the hepatocytes focal fatty infiltration, and by the 5th-10th day of the forced fattening diffuse fatty infiltration and fatty and granular degeneration were seen. On the 15th 20th day of the fattening period predominating in the dystrophic hepatocytes were the medium-sized fatty vacuoles, and on the 28th day - the larger vacuoles, which corresponds to Ist quality in terms of weight and macroscopic picture. The enrichment of the liver with fats was accompanied by lymphocytic and pseudoeosinophilic leukocyte infiltration of the interstitium. PMID- 7324380 TI - [Retention and tolerance of the mammary gland of different drug forms of gentamycin in intramammary administration]. AB - Tested were various drug forms of gentamycin sulphate (based on polyethyleneglycol, oil, and water solution) with regard to the tolerance of the mammary gland in cows and ewes. It was found that the oil-based preparations were much better tolerated as against those based on polyethyleneglycol. The aqueous solution of gentamycin sulphate, introduced in higher doses (up to 1200000 IU per udder quarter) slightly irritate the mammary parenchyma of cows as demonstrated with the presence of blood cell elements passed into the milk. A preparation that contained gentamycin sulphate (100000 IU) and hydrocortisone acetate, 0.2 (oil base) applied singly to lactating cows in an amount of 10 g(one syringe) maintained concentrations in most of the animals up to the 4th day following treatment. In lactating sheep antibiotic concentrations in the milk persisted up to the 5 th day, while in sheep in a period of drying residual amounts were established in the course of more than 10 days. PMID- 7324381 TI - Data systems of the National Center for Health Statistics. PMID- 7324382 TI - Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey. PMID- 7324383 TI - Utilization of short-stay hospitals: annual summary for the United States, 1979. PMID- 7324384 TI - Use of services for family planning and infertility: United States. PMID- 7324385 TI - [Development of Yugoslav preventive military medicine]. PMID- 7324386 TI - [Health services in disasters]. PMID- 7324387 TI - [The role of the Institute for Preventive Medicine in providing protection and medical care in the military area]. PMID- 7324388 TI - [The effect of topographic and anatomic characteristics of the skin on the efficiency of radioactive decontamination]. PMID- 7324389 TI - [The effect of the source of cholinesterase on the sensitivity of the enzyme method for detecting nerve toxins in chemical warfare]. PMID- 7324390 TI - [Importance of entomologic surveillance in the epidemiology of malaria in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 7324391 TI - [Infrasound, ultrasound and noise in combat and non-combat vehicles of the Yugoslav Army]. PMID- 7324392 TI - [Nutritional status and physical fitness in a group of young soldiers at the beginning of their army service]. PMID- 7324393 TI - [Palladometric determination of phenothiazines in biological material]. PMID- 7324394 TI - [Determination of cholinesterase activity in serum and plasma]. PMID- 7324396 TI - [Clinical aspects, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of brucellosis]. PMID- 7324395 TI - [Preventive medicine teams in natural disasters]. PMID- 7324397 TI - [Information dissemination activities in preventive medicine. A retrospective view of the contribution of the Institute of Preventive Medicine of the Academy of Military Medicine and the Institute for Military Medical Science Information and Documentation]. PMID- 7324398 TI - [Modern concepts in candidiasis]. PMID- 7324399 TI - [Effect of surgical and combined treatments on the state of the blood coagulating system in cancer of the corpus uteri]. AB - The study of blood coagulability in the coarse of combination (77 cases) and surgical (17 cases) treatment of endometrial carcinoma showed that surgery is followed by an increased plasma tolerance to heparin, a raised fibrinogen level and a lowered fibrinolytic activity. Therefore, surgery promotes blood coagulability, thus increasing the risk of thromboembolic complications in endometrial cancer patients in postoperative period. Preoperative hormonotherapy seems to contribute to this risk since it increases blood coagulability and delays its normalization in postoperative period. PMID- 7324400 TI - [Cell test system for the preliminary screening of antitumor preparations]. AB - A cell model CaPa (Human Cancer Pancreas) for prescreening of synthetic and plant substances with suggested antitumor activity is offered. The sensitivity of this cell line to 22 clinical drugs of different classes (alkylating compounds, antimetabolites, antibiotics, substances of plant origin, etc.) was studied. The cytotoxic action of drugs was assessed by measuring the level of DNA synthesis on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation, total nucleic acids and protein. The results showed that the cell line CaPa is sufficiently sensitive to clinical drugs. PMID- 7324401 TI - [Heat distribution in the tissues of animals exposed to UHF radiation]. PMID- 7324402 TI - [Mammary tumors in female rats with combined exposure to nitrosoethylurea and sex hormones]. AB - Transplacental treatment with sinestrol and testosterone-propionate reduces the incidence of spontaneous benign mammary tumors in rats. Treatment of immature female rats with nitrosoethylurea is followed by an earlier development of mammary fibroadenomas. A combined treatment with testosterone-propionate and nitrosoethylurea increases the incidence of mammary fibroadenoma and decreases its mean latent period. Fibroadenoma induction is accelerated by treating adult rats with nitrosoethylurea alone, while combined treatment induces primary mammary tumors at an earlier stage. The morphology of tumors induced by different schemes of combined treatment remains identical. PMID- 7324403 TI - [Effect of the nucleic acids from the ascitic fluid of Ehrlich's tumor on its transplantability]. AB - The effect of nucleic acids isolated from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor and Zaidela's hepatoma on the survival rate of C3Ha mice inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells was studied. While nucleic acid preparations suppressed the cytotoxicity of immune lymphocytes in vitro, they failed to increase frequency of tumor inoculation in vivo. The addition of nucleic acid preparation to tumor cells mixed with syngeneic lymphocytes did not block immune defense against tumor growth either. The differences in the effects of nucleic acid preparations in vivo and in vitro are discussed. PMID- 7324404 TI - [Conservative treatment of disseminated lung cancer using hormones, immunostimulants and other corrigents]. PMID- 7324406 TI - [Economic method of excising a free skin graft in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the skin and soft tissues]. PMID- 7324405 TI - [Analysis of the reasons for the late detection of malignant tumors (based on data from the Voroshilovgrad Province Oncological Dispensary)]. AB - The share of advanced malignant tumors is approximately 22.9%, the highest incidence rate (57.1%) being among patients aged 51--70 years. They show the following distribution for different sites: gastrointestinal tract--53.12; respiratory system--23.78; female genital organs--8.12; urinary system--6.13 and other sites--8.76%. Among the main causes of the detection of malignant tumors at advanced states are superficial, irregular check-ups, errors in clinical and roentgenologic diagnosis, latent course of the disease late application for medical aid and inadequate knowledge of oncology by general practitioners. With a view to improving the doctors' qualifications and raising the standards of mass screenings, Weeks of Oncologists are being conducted, short-term courses for advanced medical training and specialized oncological mass screenings for occupational tumors are organized; and Evening University of Oncology was established. PMID- 7324407 TI - [Cystic metastases of occult papillary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 7324408 TI - [Carcinoid of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7324409 TI - [The sympathetic-adrenal system in breast cancer patients]. PMID- 7324411 TI - [Chlorbutin in the treatment of progressive forms of rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 7324410 TI - [Vascular lesions in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7324412 TI - [Assessment of the clinical effectiveness and mechanism of action of x-ray therapy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7324413 TI - [20th anniversary of the journal "Voprosy revmatizma"]. PMID- 7324414 TI - [Bactericidal system of leukocytes and natural resistance in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7324415 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7324416 TI - [Differential diagnosis of yersiniosis and systemic connective tissue diseases in children]. PMID- 7324417 TI - [Reserves in the development of Soviet public health]. PMID- 7324419 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation and the functional state of the capillaries in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7324418 TI - [Chronic Coxsackie virus infection in a patient with recurrent mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 7324420 TI - [Body immunological reactivity in spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7324421 TI - [Manifestation of the inflammatory reaction and the development of circulatory insufficiency in rheumatic myocarditis]. PMID- 7324422 TI - [Research designs in rheumatology for 1981]. PMID- 7324423 TI - [Research designs in rheumatology in the pediatric institutions of the USSR for 1981]. PMID- 7324424 TI - [Discontinuing corticosteroids after long-term use]. PMID- 7324427 TI - [Metabolic processes in control board operators]. AB - Energy losses, actual nutrition work fitness and metabolism were examined in 309 operators. It was found that energy losses in the operators were equal to 2724 kcal, while energy requirements did not exceed 3000 kcal/day. Actual nutrition of the test subjects was not adequate as regards the consumption of animal proteins, vegetable oils, vitamins A and C. Control panel operation produced marked shifts in the function of the central nervous system and cardiovascular apparatus of the operators. Disorders of lipid and vitamin C metabolism were also recorded. PMID- 7324426 TI - [Biological value of different proteins used in the early period of postnatal development]. AB - A comparison was made of the efficacy of utilizing proteins that differ both in the amino acid composition and susceptibility to alimentary proteinases. Starting from 15 days of age the rats received formula feeding over a week. The formula feeding included mixtures imitating the composition of the rat's milk and containing the test proteins in an amount of 10%. It was shown that the mixture of casein with milk serum proteins was utilized most effectively. The decrease in the casein content in the diet and replacement of casein by egg albumin, bovine serum albumin or milk serum proteins were found to lead to the lowered efficacy of protein utilization. Energy distribution studies have shown that the decreased efficacy of proteins utilization is accompanied by the increased amount of nitrogen excreted with the urine. PMID- 7324428 TI - [Biological value of a protein concentration from grape seeds]. AB - The chemical and biological methods were in weanling rats used to study and compare the biological value of protein concentration obtained from grape seeds to that of casein. The relative biological value of the protein concentration in question was found to constitute 70.6% of that of casein. PMID- 7324425 TI - [Phospholipid transport between subcellular membranes and blood lipoproteins and the effect of nutrition on these processes]. AB - Experiments on rats (both in vivo and in vitro) were made to examine phospholipid transport between liver microsomes and mitochondria, microsomes and high density lipoproteins of the blood, as well as to assess the effect of nutrition on the processes under consideration. Phospholipid transport from liver microsomes to blood high density lipids under the in-vitro conditions is effected without special intermediaries. Supplementation of the incubation medium with lipid carrying proteins from the liver speeds up phospholipid transport to blood lipoproteins. In this case, bilateral exchange of phospholipids takes place. The diets that are imbalanced as regards the content of carbohydrates and fat alter the intensity of phospholipid transport between liver microsomes and mitochondria. Phospholipid transport from cell membranes to high density proteins of the blood does not seem likely to depend on the alimentary factor. PMID- 7324429 TI - [Protein composition of camel's milk]. AB - A study was made of camel's milk proteins, of their fraction and amino acid composition. It was shown that the content of the total protein in camel's milk does not depend on the season and constitutes 4.26 g/100 g product on the average. Examination of the fraction composition of camel's milk proteins revealed 74.1% of casein and 25.9% of serum proteins (of the total content). Of the total amount of serum proteins, albumins constitute 18.8%, globulins, 13% and proteoso-peptones, 17.8%. A study was also made of the amino acid content of camel's milk to reveal all the indispensable amino acids in the amount of 36.1%. Tryptophan is a limiting amino acid. PMID- 7324430 TI - [New type of commercial fish, the triggerfish (Balistes capriscus), in human nutrition]. AB - Balistes capriscus is characterized by high level of protein (20.0 + 0.12%). The total amount of amino acids reaches 18.52 g per 100 g product, with leucin and lysine being predominant among indispensable amino acids and with limiting amino acids being absent. As regards the content of biologically active fatty acids, Balistes capriscus does not differ from the traditional fish cod. High biological value of Balistes capriscus is confirmed by high rates and degree of peptide bonds splitting by proteinases. The magnitudes of net utilization of cock and cod proteins by the body are identical. Analysis of the data obtained in chronic experiments on animals indicates beneficial effect of Balistes capriscus on the body of albino rats. PMID- 7324431 TI - [Nutritive value of carrots grown using the herbicide prometryne]. AB - Subject to study were some parameters of the nutritive value of carrot grown with the use of the herbicide prometryne introduced at a rate of 2 kg/ha. It was demonstrated that application of prometryne might exert an effect on the chemical composition of carrot and stimulate the synthesis of some of the nutrients (dry substances, sugars, vitamin C) on the one hand, and decrease the formation of other substances (carotene, some of the elements), on the other hand. PMID- 7324432 TI - [Sanitary microbiological characteristics of the meat of the Antarctic shrimp (krill)]. AB - Sea water and krill obtained in the Pacific and Indian sectors of the Antarctic were examined in the warm seasons during krill stocking up. The results of studying microflora in the course of stocking up and storage of the boiled-frozen meat of krill are described. The time course of changes in the microflora as affected by the technological process and the most characteristic sources of microbial contamination of the raw material and semifinished product are defined. The quality of the finished product was assessed from the bacteriological parameters. PMID- 7324433 TI - [Teratogenic effect of the fungicide calixin]. AB - Experimental studies on Wistar rats revealed that the fungicide calixin (N tridecyl-2.6-dimethylmorpholine) has a teratogenic effect. This effect manifested in edemas, hemorrhages, hematomas, abnormal development of the brain (hydrocephalia), visceral cranium (micrognathia, cleft palate) and genitourinary system (hydronephrosis), in decreased size of pelvic bones, shoulder girdle, front and hind limbs, etc. Marked teratogenic effects was in good agreement with the dose. Threshold and subthreshold doses of calixin in terms of the teratogenic effect were 0.6 and 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. Calixin produces a clear-cut specific teratogenic effect that is evidenced by a wide spectrum of specific action (class I of extremely hazardous substances). The most pronounced changes were induced by calixin administration during the entire period of pregnancy (days 1-20) as compared to its administration during organogenesis (days 7-15). PMID- 7324434 TI - [Effect of being fed gamma-irradiated fish on embryogenesis and the chromosomes of white rats]. AB - Experiments on Wistar rats were made to study potential embryotoxic and cytogenetic effects of fresh and smoked fish subjected to gamma-irradiation. Embryotoxic action of irradiated fish was studied in 611 embryos obtained from 52 females. The number of alive and dead embryos, their mass, length and the presence of external and internal developmental abnormalities were determined. the animals' bone marrow cells were subjected to cytogenetic examination with the use of the metaphasic method. A total of 2426 cells from 35 rats were examined for the occurrence of chromosome aberrations. The examination has revealed no embryotoxic or cytogenetic action of both fresh and smoked fish subjected to gamma-irradiation. PMID- 7324435 TI - [Distribution of labeled octadecane and its metabolites in rat organs and tissues in chronic peroral administration]. AB - Chronic experiments were made to study cumulation and metabolism of 114C octadecane in rat organs and tissues. A progressive utilization of the indicator by the animals' body was disclosed, the highest content of the label being found in the adipose tissue and adrenals. Octadecane does not excrete with the urine. The latter's activity is determined by the metabolites of the hydrocarbon under consideration. On the basis of the differences between the total radioactivity of the test organs and tissues and the content of labeled octadecane, as well as from the activity of exhaled CO2, it is concluded that n-alkane metabolizes in the rat body to the final products of metabolism. However, in consequence of retardation and low rate of biotransformation one can see octadecane cumulation in the rat body. Both octadecane and its metabolites are characterized by high affinity for adipose tissue. PMID- 7324436 TI - [Prediction of pesticide stability in plants based on experimental research data]. AB - A hypothesis regarding the nature of interactions in the pesticide-plant system has been advanced and tested. The data obtained prompted the development of a calculation procedure which enables the determination of the number of pesticides at the preset moment of time, the prognosis of the period of complete disappearance of pesticides and the expectancy data on the basis of the physicochemical properties of pesticides, chemical features of the plants and the treatment conditions. This makes it possible to reveal and consider the most important factors implicated in the pollution even at the stage of preventive sanitary survey. PMID- 7324437 TI - Buffy coat and cell separator granulocyte concentrates. Comparison of cell content and in vitro granulocyte function. AB - Buffy coat granulocyte concentrates were prepared manually from single fresh whole blood donations after centrifugation. The erythrocyte, granulocyte and platelet numbers in these concentrates were compared to cell numbers in concentrates obtained by mechanical leukapheresis using intermittent flow centrifugation. Buffy coats contained approximately half the number of granulocytes and three times the number of erythrocytes per unit volume than cell separator concentrates. There was no difference in platelet numbers. Thus to give a therapeutic dose of granulocytes equivalent to that obtained by cell separation, 2-3 times greater volume of buffy coat concentrates would be required. In vitro granulocyte function, as measured by migration, phagocytosis, and Candida killing was also compared in buffy coat and cell separator concentrates. The only difference found was reduced Candida killing in the buffy coat granulocytes. The possible clinical use of buffy coat concentrates, as a source of granulocytes, is discussed. PMID- 7324439 TI - Alterations of saponin hemolysis during storage of ACD blood. PMID- 7324438 TI - Red cell ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations as a function of dihydroxyacetone supplementation of CPD adenine. AB - Units of CPDA-1 whole blood were subdivided and each treated with additions of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) to give final concentrations from 0 to 80 mM. The 'optimum' concentration of DHA to maintain 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) with minimal loss of ATP during 42 days of storage appeared to be 30 mM of DHA. With this formulation, red cell 2,3-DPG concentrations rose to 130-140% of normal by 14 days and then decreased in a near-linear manner to 50-60% normal by 42 days, while maintaining adequate ATP levels. In addition, packed red cells were prepared form CPD fresh blood and treated with adenine, glucose, and various concentrations (0-80 mM) of DHA. The cells also responded most favorably to 30mM DHA, although the response was not as positive as whole blood. This concentration of DHA produced nearly 100% maintenance of 2,3-DPG at 14 days with subsequent fall to 30% of normal by 42 days. PMID- 7324440 TI - Detection of platelet antibodies by a newly developed mixed agglutination with platelets. PMID- 7324441 TI - Dipyrone-induced immune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7324442 TI - Does anti-Jra cause hemolytic disease of the newborn? AB - A Jr(a-) Japanese female developed anti-Jra during her first pregnancy. Both father and infant red cells were Jr(+), and anti-Jra was eluted from the infant's red cells. The antibody was determined to be IgG1. Hemolysis could not be definitively established from the clinical data. The pitfall of using the presence of jaundice as the sole evidence for hemolysis is emphasized. We conclude that the present case, and other previously reported cases, do not unequivocally establish that anti-Jra significant hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Amniocentesis probably should not be performed during the pregnancy of mothers sensitized to Jra antigen. Jra HDN is probably a mild disease, like ABO HDN. PMID- 7324443 TI - Vga: a new low incidence red cell antigen. PMID- 7324444 TI - Regional blood inventory management development, implementation and 30-month follow-up. PMID- 7324445 TI - Filtered microaggregate-free erythrocyte concentrates with 35-day shelf life. PMID- 7324446 TI - Red cell I antigen as immune complex receptor in drug-induced hemolytic anemias. PMID- 7324447 TI - The Lud cold agglutinin: a further antibody recognizing N-acetylneuraminic acid determined antigens not fully expressed at birth. AB - From a patient, a new type of human cold aggluntinin, Lud, which reacts with a determinant involving N-acetylneuraminic acid and which is not fully expressed at birth, is described. This antibody differs from a recently described cold agglutinin, Fl. The antigenic determinant recognized by antibody Lud is diminished after treatment of erythrocytes with proteases, whereas that recognized by Fl is not. PMID- 7324448 TI - The Hippocratian principle of 'primum nil nocere' demands that the metabolic state of a donor should be normalized prior to a subsequent donation of blood or plasma. How much blood, relative to his body weight, can a donor give over a certain period, without a continuous deviation of iron metabolism in the direction of iron deficiency? PMID- 7324449 TI - [Clinicogenetic studies of a patient with the Corinth type of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. AB - A patient with repeated hemolytic episodes since early childhood of undistinguished etiology is described. The patient was three times admitted to hospital--infectious and internal diseases clinics on the occasion of the manifested hemolytic-icteric syndrome. The clinical, biochemical, genealogical and other investigations carried out, confirmed the presence of G-6-PD deficiency. That genetic effect was found in 6 of all 17 subjects, examined of the family. The patient had inherited the genetic defect from his mother. The studies in accordance with WHO programme, revealed that a G-6-PD, type Corinth variant, was concerned. The male-patient, presented by us is of particular interest in a clinical and differentiation diagnostic aspect. PMID- 7324450 TI - [Changes in salivary secretion in pancreatic patients]. AB - Saliva secretion was studied via pilocarpine test in 40 patients with pancreas exocrine insufficiency: 32 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 8 patients with pancreas carcinoma. After pilocarpine stimulation, the volume of saliva secretion was determined in ml., as well the concentration and quantity of the secreted bicarbonates, amylase and protein. The results were compared with a control group of 17 healthy subjects. Statistically significant diminution of all indices of saliva secretion was found in the patients with pancreas exocrine insufficiency (p less than 0.001). The correlation relationship between the changes of pancreas and saliva secretion was studied. Saliva secretion could be used as orientating test for the presence of pancreas exocrine insufficiency. PMID- 7324451 TI - [Biliary tract carcinomas. I. Gallbladder cancer]. AB - In three successive papers the clinical, diagnostic and surgical possibilities of biliary tract carcinoma are discussed on the base of 119 patients, undergone operation at the Chair of Abdominal Surgery for the period 1952-1979: 52 (44%) with gallbladder carcinoma, 48 (40% with biliary ducts carcinoma and 19 (16%) with duodenal papilla carcinoma. The authors report that gallbladder carcinoma is most frequent - 4.4 per cent of all biliary operations. The ratio males: females is 1:3 and the highest number of the patients is over the age of 60. The diagnosis is usually made with 6 months later due to the atypical clinical picture, progressing under the mask of cholelithiasis, found in 70-100 per cent of the cases. That is the reason in 5 per cent of the cases that carcinoma involved the whole gallbladder, metastases and infiltration of the adjacent organs being frequent. Resectable proved to be only 9 patients, the mortality rate kept high. A complex diagnostics is recommended with present-day methods and early prophylactic cholecystectomy in case of calculosis. PMID- 7324452 TI - [Biliary tract carcinomas. III. Cancer of Vater's papilla]. AB - In the third successive paper on biliary tract carcinomas, the authors discuss the carcinoma of the terminal segment of biliary ducts - duodenal papilla. Nineteen patients are discussed, operated at the Chair of Abdominal Surgery for the period 1952-1979, representing I per cent of all biliary operations and 5.7 per cent of the operations for biliopancreatic tumours. Those were 12 males and 7 females (1.7:1) - two up to the age of 40, 9 between the age of 40 and 60 and 8 - over 60. The disease is more frequent during the last decade. Regardless of the higher accessibility via the instrumental investigations and the more characteristic clinical picture the admittance for operation is delayed with an average of 1-3 months. Vater's papilla carcinoma is more perspective for a surgical treatment, 42 per cent of the cases being resectable, but mortality rate remains high -36 per cent. Survival could be improved with an earlier diagnosis and improvement of operation technique with radical interventions. PMID- 7324453 TI - [Gastric acidity in a double ulcer (of the stomach and duodenum)]. AB - Gastric salt-acid secretion was studied in three comparative patient groups with gastric ulcer, endoscopically confirmed, combination of gastric and duodenal ulcers. In the patients with double localization of the ulcer (stomach and duodenum) - hyperacidity was determined after pentagastrin stimulation. Acid-salt secretion was higher than that of the patients with gastric ulcer and was close to the secretion of those with duodenal ulcer, being but with a high standard deviation, necessitates consideration to be given to each concrete case of treatment. No discrepancy in the volume of gastric secretion before meals was established, thus impugning the role of pylor stasis in the genesis of secondary gastric ulceration. The incidence of atrophic gastritis in case of gastric and double ulcer is almost identical, hence attention is paid to the duodeno-gastric reflux as an eventual cause for damaging gastric mucosa with its successive ulceration in the patients with duodenal ulcer of many years. That is the reason, drugs enhancing the resistance of gastric mucosa as well as methoclopramid intake are proposed additionally to the drugs, neutralizing or blocking the gastric acid salt secretion. PMID- 7324454 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis]. AB - The results from the long-term combined anticoagulant, immunesuppressive and corticosteroid treatment of 36 patients with various histological forms of idiopathic and lupus glomerulonephritis are reported. Twenty five of them are with preserved or slightly disturbed renal function, and 11 - with chronic renal insufficiency. The treatment was carried out with heparin, acenocoumarol, azathioprin and to the patients with lupus glomerulonephritis - corticosteroids in the course of 4 to 50 months. The results were "very good", "good", with "no change" and "deterioration" according to clinical and laboratory indices. Very good and good effect was obtained in 18 patients (72%) of the group with preserved or slightly disturbed renal function (25 patients). Five patients were with no change (20%) and 2 patients died of complications in connection with corticosteroid treatment. Very good results was obtained in 2 patients with rapid progressive glomerulonephritis from the group with chronic renal insufficiency (11 patients) and the rest were without effect. The adverse effects are not frequent and are mainly due to corticosteroids. The combined anticoagulant and immunosuppressive treatment is concluded to be indicated in patients, with idiopathic and lupus nephritis with preserved or slightly disturbed renal function, in patients with rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis but not in case of manifested chronic renal insufficiency. The considerable duration and the systematic follow-up control are of essential importance for the treatment success. PMID- 7324455 TI - [Effects of physical activity and mid-alpine climatotherapy on serum lipids on adult diabetics and in obesity]. AB - Observations and investigations were carried out on 50 patients with diabetes of mature years and light obesity of nutritional-metabolic type in a moderately high mountain (1870 m above sea level). After 20-day treatment, including daily, lasting physical loadings, cool sun-air exposures and moderately reducing diet of 1600-1800 kcal, a clinically significant reduction of a wide range 6,699-7,537 MJ = of lipid indices was established, namely--total fats, total cholesterol, beta lipoproteins, triglycerides, esterified fatty acids and lipoproteins with low density (LDL-cholesterol), an average with 9.3 to 19.5 per cent. A more pronounced reduction of lipid indices was established with higher initial values and moderate weight reduction with 3.5 kg for a 20-day treatment course. The physical loadings and cool sun-air exposure stimulated the lipolysis, the elevated levels of free fatty acids being chiefly used for energy supply of organism. The enhanced lipolysis was, very, likely, of essential significance for the favourable effect of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7324456 TI - [Hemoglobin Lepore. Hemolytic crisis induced by the agricultural poison wofatox]. PMID- 7324457 TI - Mortality in Asia. PMID- 7324458 TI - Health care that goes out to meet people. Technical discussions at the Thirty fourth World Health Assembly. PMID- 7324459 TI - The selection and protection of international nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 7324460 TI - Technical cooperation for health manpower planning. PMID- 7324461 TI - Progress in immunization programmes in the Eastern Mediterranean region. PMID- 7324462 TI - [Effect of glycerin, paraffin, rapeseed oil and aqueous solutions on the development of ova of Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782]. PMID- 7324463 TI - [Hematological indicators in laboratory animals with helminthiasis]. PMID- 7324464 TI - [Hematological changes in rats infected with larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914)]. PMID- 7324465 TI - [Panacur (Hoechst) in the treatment of monieziasis in sheep]. PMID- 7324466 TI - [Poultry parasites in the Bialystok Province according to the studies of the Parasitological Laboratory of the Institute of Veterinary Hygiene in the years 1971-1978]. PMID- 7324467 TI - [Parasitofauna of partridges (Perdix perdix L.) isolated in eastern and central Poland]. PMID- 7324468 TI - [Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst) as a constant component of the synanthropic biocenosis in Poland]. PMID- 7324469 TI - [Mass infestation of Meriones libycus Lichtenstein with Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst) in Poznan, Poland]. PMID- 7324470 TI - [Changes in serum lipoproteins in cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL, LDL and HDL) in 96 patients suffering from cerebral vascular disease showed that some parameters were significantly different from those recorded in a control population of corresponding age HDL values below 40 mg/dl were found in 50% of cases. Pathological LDH/HDL and VLDL/HDL ratios were found in 30.9% and 37.7%, respectively, of patients with cerebrovascular disease, whose serum cholesterol level was below 250 mg/dl and triglyceride level was 175 mg/dl. Only 56% of all patients had elevated serum cholesterol and/triglyceride and triglyceride alone does not detect the risk. The difference in the VLDL/HDL ratio in patients with cerebrovascular disease and that of the control population is highly significant. The HDL values and the VLDL/HDL ratio differ significantly, also. On average, the HDL levels in women are higher than those in men, but the decrease faster with increasing age. In both sexes a decrease in HDL level occurs between the age of 40 and 80. Low HDL levels and unfavourable LDL/HDL and VLDL/HDL quotients are important risk indicators for cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7324471 TI - [A 5-year review of neonatal intensive care at the kinderklinik der stadt wien - glanzing, neonatal intensive care centre (author's transl)]. AB - This study deals with clinical results obtained at the neonatal intensive care unit of the Kinderklinik der Stadt Wien - Glanzing since its inception in 1974. An analysis of our newborn cases-admitted from 14 obstetric departments in Vienna and some obstetric departments in Lower Austria and Burgenland soon after birth points to the fact that prematurity is still the most important risk factor in neonatal mortality. The results show that the prognosis of high-risk newborn infants depends very much on condition in the delivery room following primary resuscitation, the neonatal mortality increases with immaturity, hyaline membrane disease is the most important indication for artificial ventilation of premature infants, 30% of all patients requiring artificial ventilation are fullterm infants; 45% of them suffer from cerebral respiratory dysfunction, the mortality rate in mechanically-ventilated infants could not be significantly decreased over the past years. The consequences are discussed. PMID- 7324472 TI - [Lead intake with food of young infants in the years 1980/81 (author's transl)]. AB - Several studies related minimal cerebral dysfunction in children to environmental lead exposure. We calculated the lead intake of young infants based on measurements of the lead content in their food. There was no significant difference between the lead content of 13 samples of pooled breast milk (50.2 +/- 22.5 micrograms/l), 11 samples of adapted and followup formulas (67.4 +/- 9.9 micrograms/l) and 9 samples of cow milk (59.5 +/- 22.5 micrograms/l). In fruits, commercially prepared strained fruits and juices lead concentrations were between 18.7 and 123.6 micrograms/kg. Based on the mean concentration of all products we calculated the average lead content in an infant's fruit or juice dinner to be 67 micrograms/kg. In plain and creamed vegetables lead concentrations were between 98.2 and 204.0 micrograms/kg, with the highest lead content in potatoes, spinach and carrots. The average lead content in an infant's plain or creamed vegetable dinner was 117 micrograms/kg. The lead intake over the first 6 months of life was calculated from the above-mentioned data and the average amount of food consumed per day. It was found to be below the maximum daily permissible intake from all sources. However, especially after introduction of mixed feeding (vegetables!) at the age of 4 months, the daily lead intake was close to the tolerance limit. There was no evidence of lead contamination during production of commercially prepared baby food. Environmental contamination seems to be the main reason for the high lead content in infant food, especially in vegetables. PMID- 7324473 TI - [Guidelines for prevention of recurrent urolithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - The present study describes the mode of prophylactic management of urinary stone disease as carried out at the Department of Urology. University of Vienna Medical School. A carefully directed prophylactic regimen results in a significant decrease in the recurrence rate of stone formation. PMID- 7324474 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency new clinical and surgical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal disease has been improved by the availability of active 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives. However, in cases with progressive secondary hyperparathyroidism which have not been brought under control conservatively, surgical intervention is still required. Total parathyroidectomy with autologous transplantation of parathyroid tissue in the forearm has recently been recommended as the optimum surgical approach to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Recent literature is reviewed and personal clinical experience is reported in this paper, followed by a presentation and discussion of the pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure, various means of conservative treatment, indications for parathyroidectomy, surgical aspects and technique of cryopreservation, as well as a standardized therapeutic regimen for pre- and postoperative treatment with calcium and 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogues. PMID- 7324475 TI - [The social infrastructure of patients with urinary calculi (author's transl)]. AB - The social infrastructure was investigated in 379 patients with urinary stones. The rates of 50% for employees and 32% for old-age pensioners were surprisingly high. 16% of the patients were employed in jobs with hard manual labour. Only 9% of the patients went in for regular physical activity in their leisure. A significant increase in urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid (p - 0.01) and inorganic phosphate (p less than 0.001) was seen in connexion with increase in net income. On the other hand, urinary pH was lowest in the highest income group (p = 0.01). According to these findings an increased net income combined with a lack of physical exercise seems to enhance the risk of stone formation. PMID- 7324476 TI - [A proposal for staging and grading of carcinomas of the papilla of Vater (author's transl)]. AB - Reviewing 28 carcinomas of the papilla of vater from the material of our department, an attempt was made to develop a staging and grading system oriented along the lines of WHO recommendations and largely integrates Dukes findings. The staging system provides for 3 stages, i.e. A. B. and C. for grading, 3 degrees of malignancy, i.e. g1. G2. and G3. are distinguished. These, in turn, are based on 3 criteria : histological dedifferentiation, cytological dedifferentiation, and the number of mitoses. In the 14 patients with low-stage (stage A) and low-grade (grade G1) cancer life expectancy was excellent ; indeed it was significantly better (p less than 0.05) than in the other 2 groups. PMID- 7324477 TI - [Urinary enzyme excretion after prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patients following colorectal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminade (NAG) and alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) was measured as an indicator for nephrotoxicity to neomycin and gentamycin in patients after colorectal surgery. We found that the continuous determination of urinary enzymes is a good indicator for the degree of kidney damage. The dose dependence of nephrotoxicity was influenced by the severity of colorectal surgery. The simple method of urinary enzyme determination seems to be a very valuable test to detect parenchymal damage of the kidney after prophylactic antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7324478 TI - [Efficacy of specific immunoglobulin against TBE (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of passive immunization against tickborne encephalitis (TBE) was evaluated in Vienna by means of a telephonic survey. It was learned that in 1979 after a tickbite in endemic areas, of TBE, approximately one out of 1,000 unvaccinated persons came down with the disease. Administration of TBE immunoglobulin after exposure reduced the incidence of the disease to 1:2,500. thus showing a rate of protection of approximately 60%. The survey also showed that in 1979 one third of those at risk (frequent walks in forests) had already undergone active immunization with the Austrian TBE vaccine. PMID- 7324479 TI - [Sodium and postassium intake in infant food compared with requirements of premature and healthy infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324480 TI - [The metabolism of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and fluocortolone (author's transl)]. AB - The plasma levels of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and fluocortolone were studied in healthy males by a competitive protein-binding technique after separation by thin-layer chromatography. Cortisone showed a mean morning level of 440 nmol/l +/ 165 nmol/l and a half life of 4.8 hours. The half life of prednisolone was determined after intravenous injection of 25 mg and found to be 2.4 hours and that of fluocortolone, after oral administration of 60 mg, was calculated to be 1.7 hours. PMID- 7324481 TI - [Plantar creasing and assessment of gestational age of the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Plantar creasing was graded (degrees I to IV) in 178 healthy newborn infants (males and females) and compared with gestational age and age of the mother. No significant correlation was found between these parameters. Thus, the importance attributed to plantar creasing as a parameter for the gestational age in paediatric scoring systems is doubtful. The misinterpretation of the appearance of "laundress hands" as increased plantar creasing is pointed out. PMID- 7324483 TI - [Epidural spinal electrostimulation (ESES) in patients with chronic pain and central motor disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural spinal electrostimulation (ESES), as method in the treatment of patients with chronic pain or severe central motor disturbances, especially spastic paresis of spinal origin and bladder dysfunction, is indicated when conservative measures prove ineffectual and before surgical intervention is considered. The biochemical and innervation processes which are brought about by ESES are discussed, as well as the literature on the efficacy and possible complications of the method. Twenty cases were subjected to a test stimulation and in twelve of these the stimulation system was implanted. Spinal spasticity and the range of mobility were improved by 20 to 30% in 8 patients with multiple sclerosis and 3 other patients with myelopathy of varied aetiology. In addition, spastic cramps of abrupt onset, with or without pain, disappeared almost completely following ESES in all cases. Three cases with chronic pain, two after a caudal lesion and one with cervical radicular damage, were markedly improved. PMID- 7324482 TI - [Heart replacement (biventricular assisted circulation) with the ellipsoid heart (E-BVAD) (author's transl)]. AB - At the present time mechanical assisted circulation is indicated in patients with cardiac failure after open heart operations. The results after clinical implantation of the left ventricular assist devices are not encouraging. However, most of these patients suffer from irreversible cardiac failure and no restitution is to be expected. In patients with postoperative cardiac failure, a distinction must be made between isolated left heart failure and total heart failure. In patients with total heart failure - for example with diffuse, marked coronary sclerosis - both left and right ventricle failure exists. In these patients, no left ventricular assist device per se can bring the desired effect, since due to the right heart failure syndrome, the left system does not work adequately. With the biventricular bypass it is possible to maintain complete circulation in cases of cardiac insufficiency. The cannulation concept is biventricular transatrial to the aorta or to the pulmonary artery. The technique is simple and can be carried out very quickly. In cases of clinical emergency this device can be recommended due to the satisfactory haemodynamic effects achieved and the small degree of traumatic haemolysis. It represents an easy and quick implantable system for total functional heart replacement. PMID- 7324484 TI - [The moving-strip technique in the treatment of ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. AB - A critical analysis of the latest results in the treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinomas indicates significant progress. Postoperative radiotherapy using the moving-strip technique is the treatment of choice in stages I a (grade 2 and 3 lesions and/or tumour rupture), Ib, II and III (asymptomatic) with residual tumours less than 2 cm in size. In the stages Ic, IIc and III (symptomatic) with residual tumours larger than 2 cm, radiotherapy may be curative following successful initial combination chemotherapy. This combined modality treatment is being investigated in our department in a prospective trial. The importance of prognostically significant factors (completeness of operation, age, histology, histological grade and adequate treatment) is discussed. The moving-strip technique is described in particular with regard to its practical application as basis of the modern therapeutic regimen for ovarian cancer. PMID- 7324485 TI - [Differentiation of retrobulbar ischaemic optic nerve lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical ophthalmological findings and results of fluorescein angiography, ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmic artery Doppler sonography allow differentiation of several forms of retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy: 1. Acute ischaemic laminar to retrolaminar neuropathy. 2. Acute posterior ischaemic neuropathy. 3. Chronic retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy. PMID- 7324486 TI - [Fracture of the mandibular condyle in a skeleton dating from the early middle ages (author's transl)]. AB - The skeleton of a 45 to 50 year-old man dating from the early Middle Ages (discovered at Schwechat in Lower Austria) was examined. In addition to numerous pathological findings with respect to the masticatory apparatus such as caries, severe crown abrasion, pulp necrosis and inflammatory and degenerative alterations in the areas near the teeth, an exceptionally rare findings was observed, namely that of a deformation of the right mandibular condyle. The differential diagnosis on the basis of the radiological findings showed the presence of post-traumatic transformation processes with functional adaptation. Since anatomical specimens of completely healed jawbone fractures are exhibited only rarely in recent case histories, this findings takes on a special significance from the medical as well as from the archeological and anthropological points of view. PMID- 7324488 TI - Management of the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm--immediate control of the proximal aorta. PMID- 7324487 TI - Pharyngogastric anastomosis following pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. Analysis of 157 cases. PMID- 7324489 TI - Parenchymal cell mass determination in parathyroid glands and its application in a material of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7324490 TI - Clinical characteristics and surgical results in hyperparathyroidism caused by water-clear cell hyperplasia. PMID- 7324491 TI - The utility of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology in the management of thyroid tumors. PMID- 7324492 TI - Calcitonin studies in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7324493 TI - Emergency decompression of bile duct in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis by duodenoscopic cannulation: a lifesaving procedure. PMID- 7324494 TI - Operation-sequel carcinoma of the stomach. Experimental studies of surgical techniques with or without resection. PMID- 7324495 TI - Urgent surgery for ulcerative colitis: early colectomy in 132 patients. PMID- 7324496 TI - Rectocolic familial polyposis: a study of 32 cases. PMID- 7324498 TI - Diagnosing occupationally-induced diseases. PMID- 7324499 TI - Coexistence of blastomycosis with epidermoid carcinoma of the lung; case report. PMID- 7324497 TI - Combined arterial reconstruction and transluminal dilatation: therapeutic teamwork to combat vascular insufficiency. PMID- 7324500 TI - Metabolic conjugation of some carboxylic acids in the horse. AB - 1. 14C-Labelled benzoic acid, salicylic acid and 2-naphthylacetic acid were administered orally to horses, and urinary metabolites investigated by chromatographic and mass spectral techniques. 2. [14C]Benzoic acid (5 mg/kg) was eliminated rapidly in the urine, and quantitatively recovered in 24 h. The major urinary metabolite was hippuric acid (95% of dose) with much smaller amounts of benzoic acid, benzoyl glucuronide and 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid. Administration of [ring-D5]benzoic acid together with [14C]benzoic acid to a pony permitted the mass spectral determination of metabolites of the exogenous benzoic acid metabolites in the presence of the same endogenous compounds. 3. [14C]Salicylic acid (35 mg/kg) was eliminated rapidly in the urine, 98% of the 14C dose being excreted in 24 h. The major excretion product was unchanged salicylate (94% of dose). Gentisic acid, salicyluric acid and the ester and ether glucuronides of salicylic acid were very minor metabolites. 4. 2 Naphthyl[14C]acetic acid (2 mg/kg) was excreted very slowly in the urine, with 53 and 77% of the 14C dose being recovered in six days. 2-Naphthylacetylglycine was the major metabolite (26 and 38% dose) and in addition, the glucuronic acid and taurine conjugates were excreted together with unchanged 2-naphthylacetic acid. 5. The study has shown that the horse can utilize glycine, taurine and glucuronic acid for conjugation of xenobiotic carboxylic acids, and that the relative extents of these pathways are governed by the structure of the carboxylic acid. PMID- 7324501 TI - Studies of metabolism of tripamide, a new antihypertensive agent. II. Metabolism by the hepatic microsomal enzymes. AB - 1. The metabolism of tripamide, N-(4-aza-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2.6)]decan-4-yl)-4 chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzamide, has been studied with rat liver microsomal preparations. 2. Hydrolysis of tripamide was induced by phenobarbitone pretreatment and inhibited by O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN), a classical inhibitor of hepatic microsomal arylamidase. The hydrolysis was also catalysed by partially purified rabbit liver microsomal arylamidase. 3. The hydroxylation of tripamide was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and inhibited by CO. 4. Inhibition of the hydroxylation of tripamide by antibodies of cytochrome P-450 and P-448 was studied. The 8-hydroxylation was inhibited by both antibodies, but 3-hydroxylation was inhibited by neither. PMID- 7324502 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction in ultramarathon runners. AB - To assess the effects of extreme exercise on lung function we measured maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves in fifteen runners (mean age, 35.3 years; range, 26-46) before and after an 80.6 to 100 km (50-62.2 mile) road race. Mean running time for 80.6 km was 7 hr, 42 min. Post-race testing showed significant decreases of 12.4 percent in forced vital capacity (FVC), 9.5 percent in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 13.7 percent in peak expiratory flow (PF), and 28.4 percent in flow at 50 percent of FVC (MEF50). By 2.5 hours after the race lung function had improved. The reduction in flow rates after ultramarathon running may be due to airway obstruction. In contrast, the decrease in FVC with gradual recovery of lung function after rest and nourishment suggests the development of respiratory muscle fatigue. PMID- 7324503 TI - Effect of membrane dialysis and filtration-sterilization on erythropoietin activity. AB - Most erythropoietin (Ep) preparations contain non-erythropoietin contaminants. The use of such hormone concentrates raises important questions regarding interpretations of results derived from in vivo and especially from in vitro studies. By sterilizing various Ep preparations with Nalgene, Millipore, or Selas silver filtration, or even after conventional membrane dialysis, variable responses were noted when the Ep was assayed with mouse bone marrow cells in vitro (i.e. by stimulating the production of erythroid colonies from CFU-e and BFU-e) and in vivo (i.e., by using the exhypoxic, polycythemic mouse bioassay for Ep). The utility and limitations of such preparative procedures are discussed. PMID- 7324504 TI - Histological study of the fetal development of the human acetabulum and labrum: significance in congenital hip disease. AB - Seventy-four acetabula from a total of 140 normal human fetuses, obtained from abortions and deaths in the prenatal period, were used. The fetuses ranged from 9.1 to 40 cm in crown-rump length and are believed to be between 12 weeks and term. Acetabula were decalcified embedded in paraffin or celloidin, sectioned, and stained using conventional histologic techniques. Sections from the superior one-quarter of the acetabulum were examined for the initial appearance and later spread of osseous tissue. Throughout the fetal period bone was present only in the floor of the acetabulum and did not extend into the socket walls. Ossification was detected initially more posteriorly in the socket floor, and at all ages, ossification was more prominent on the ischial side of the socket. Despite the lack of osseous tissue a well-formed hyaline cartilage socket was present. The fetal labrum was composed of fibrous tissue with the density of fibers increasing with age. Typical-appearing chondrocytes were detected at only the inner articular margin of the labrum. Contributing from one-fifth to one-half of the socket depth, the labrum may play a greater role in containing the femoral head at birth than it does in the mature joint. In seven acetabula, from joints that were neither subluxated nor dislocated, an area of areolar tissue with capillaries was detected at the hyaline cartilage-labrum junction. Such defects may weaken the labrum and contribute to neonatal hip instability. PMID- 7324505 TI - Iron deficiency anemia among three groups of adolescents and young adults. AB - This study was initiated in order to estimate and compare the occurrence of nutritional anemia in three groups of adolescents and young adults. The first group comprised 159 individuals aged 14-21, who had been previously screened for thalassemia in three Connecticut cities. The second group was made up of 163 Derby High School students, aged 14-18, who had also been previously screened for thalassemia. The third group consisted of 118 Yale undergraduate students, aged 16-21, who were monitored for nutritional anemia while undergoing routine physical examinations at the Yale University Health Service. The prevalence of nutritional anemia varied from 0.0 percent to 5.5 percent among the three female groups, and from 4.4 percent to 17.9 percent among the three male groups. Only the Yale undergraduate male group was found to be from this condition. The Yale undergraduate females were discovered to have the highest prevalence. Mean hemoglobin levels of the male and female groups we also compared. PMID- 7324506 TI - Studies on the mechanism of non-oliguric experimental acute renal failure. AB - Although acute renal failure, caused either by renal ischemia or nephrotoxic agents, is usually characterized by oliguria, a severe fall in glomerular filtration rate, and a fall in renal blood flow, some patients and experimental models display a non-oliguric pattern of renal injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the mechanism of preservation of high urinary flow rate under this condition. Following the administration of the aminoglycoside gentamicin to rats for five days, a decrease in concentrating ability was demonstrated, caused by impaired vasopressin-mediated water transport. Further treatment resulted in a fall in Cin to 15 percent of control, although RBF was reduced to only 67 percent of control, and urine flow rate rose above control levels. Induction of acute and renal failure with dichromate was associated with variable high or low urinary flow rates according to pre-injury intake of sodium. Urine volume correlated directly with cortical blood flow. These data suggest that the non-oliguric pattern of acute renal injury is caused by preservation of cortical perfusion in the setting of severe tubular injury. PMID- 7324508 TI - Investing in rare books and manuscripts. AB - The lecture treats the rapidly escalating values of rare books and manuscripts both as financial and as scholarly investments. The text suggests new areas for collecting which may be pursued in today's market with an eye to an increasing intellectual and monetary return. PMID- 7324507 TI - The incidence of male genital tumors: a cellular model for the age dependence. AB - Most human tumors, including most male genital tumors, exhibit an exponential increase in incidence with advancing age of the host. This exponential age incidence pattern can be explained by the accumulation of mutations in the stem cells of the tissues of tumor origin. The age-incidence pattern for testicular tumors, however, is unique with a large linear increase in incidence from age 14 to 30 and a linear decline in incidence from age 30 to 60. After age 60, the incidence of testicular tumors remains low and constant. The probability of testicular tumorigenesis is determined by the susceptibility of male germ cells to neoplastic mutation and/or the neoplastic mutagenicity of the male germ cell environment. Since there is no evidence for an environmental mutagen which is specific for male germ cells, and since male germ cells are unusually susceptible to mutation, we interpret the variation in testicular tumor incidence with age as a reflection of the susceptibility of male germ cells to neoplastic mutation. Cell are most susceptible to mutation during genome replication and we propose a model for testicular tumorigenesis which is consistent with the available data on male germ cell proliferation and with the data on testicular tumor incidence. PMID- 7324509 TI - Regulation of steroid 16alpha-hydroxylation in Streptomyces olivoviridis. AB - The steroid 16alpha-hydroxylase of Streptomyces olivoviridis was shown to be constitutive, but synthetized only in small amounts in the absence of cortisol. The induction of the enzyme with the steroidal substrate resulted in a distinct increase in the 16alpha-hydroxylation rate. This increase in activity, however, could be demonstrated only in later phases of culturing, after the growth of the mycelium was completed. The possible mechanisms controlling the activity of the enzyme during the growth phase of the culture are discussed. PMID- 7324510 TI - [Characterization of structural elements in lipopolysaccharides of Pasteurella multocida]. AB - In the main fraction of oligosaccharides obtained after the acetic acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides of the strain PM were identified: terminal bound glucose and L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 1,2-,1,3,4-, and 1,3,4,6,-linked heptose. The oligosaccharide of the strain 1297 S contains terminal linked galactose, 1,4- or 1,6-linked glucose and 1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine additionally. The molar ratios of these elements show the heterogenicity of the preparations. The determined molecular weights underline the R-character of the LPS. In the by-fractions of the acetic acid hydrolysis the known mannan and another polysaccharide with galactose and glucosamine were identified. PMID- 7324512 TI - Microbiological implications of electric field effects. III. Stimulation of yeast protoplast fusion by electric field pulses. AB - Prototrophic colonies could be selected on minimal medium after mixing of protoplasts from diauxotrophic mutants of the yeasts Saccharomycopsis lipolytica and/or Lodderomyces elongisporus and treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of calcium chloride. This is the result of protoplast fusion and complementation of auxotrophic deficiencies. Under identical conditions an electric field pulse in the mus-range applied via an electric discharge to the protoplast-PEG mixture resulted in a drastic enhancement of the protoplast fusion rate. The presence of polyethylene glycol was demonstrated to be a prerequisite for fusion in this case, too. The frequency of hybrid formation detected a prototrophic colonies could be increased in the case of intraspecific fusion at initial electric field strengths between 2.5 and 5 kV . cm-1. The application of an electric field pulse of proper strength and duration to a yeast protoplast suspension turned out to be a more effective tool in production of fusion products that conventional methods. Large numbers of parasexual hybrids for different selection programmes in yeast genetics and for industrial purpose may be delivered by this technique. PMID- 7324511 TI - [Interrelation of the morphology of the colonies and polysaccharide content of cell-wall-modified mutants of Candida spec. "H"]. AB - The polysaccharide content of cell wall glucan and mannan from 40 morphological mutants was determined by a modified method according to MANDL et al. (1969) and discussed with reference to morphology of the colonies. A connection between morphology of the colonies and the content in high-molecular mannan was stated: Morphological mutants with a significantly higher or lower content in high molecular mannan in comparison with the wild strain are characterized by marked changes in morphology of the colonies. In contrast to this, the content in low molecular mannan and glucan has no influence on the morphological development of a colony. PMID- 7324513 TI - [Endoscopy by color television--a new technique? (author's transl)]. AB - The routine endoscopic examination by color television is possible be new technical developments. For routine color television - endoscopy an efficient three-tube-camera should be used, directly attached to the endoscope. For demonstration purposes or to control technical proceedings in the field of operative endoscopy the one-tube-color television camera can be sufficient, even if there are difficulties also for the experienced examiner to read findings from the television screen. This difficulty do not exist with the three-tube-camera. The resolution power of the endoscope in comparison to the television picture of the endoscopic color television picture is not different. The resolution power is limited by the endoscopes. An enlargement of the endoscopic picture by changing the focus of the objective gives no improvement. We have excellent experiences with the routine color television-endoscopy during colonoscopy. With a three-tube camera the total examination can be controlled while the one-tube-camera is only valid to insert the coloscope. The color television endoscopy enables to produce a large archive of endoscopic findings for teaching purposes without secondary cost and with a description during the active examination. Our experiences with routine endoscopy with color television proves that this technique is an improvement. PMID- 7324514 TI - [Acquired double pylorus disappearing by recurrent ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324515 TI - [Definition of the terms "parakeratosis" and "dyskeratosis" from gynecocytological point of view (author's transl)]. AB - In dermatopathology, parakeratosis and dyskeratosis have always been regarded as exactly defined terms. However, in keratinizing lesions of the portio and vagina, and especially of the vulva, atypical changes have repeatedly been described both within the unkeratinized squamous epithelium and within the stratum corneum. These observations were confirmed by a combined cyto-histological study of the vulva in 464 women. A graduation of cellular atypias was possible. The question therefore occurs as to whether the usual terms para- and dyskeratosis should be supplied with certain additional denotations, or whether they should be sub- or newly classified. Several pathophysiological and etymological considerations would make a new classification seem advisable. PMID- 7324516 TI - [Multiple cutaneous malignancies and hairy cell leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - In a 78 years old male a hairy cell leukemia was found in addition to a SSM (superficial spreading melanoma). 9 and 13 years before a squamous cell epithelioma and a basal cell epithelioma had developed. Cutaneous malignancies and leukemia develop together more often than it is to be expected statistically. PMID- 7324517 TI - [Pathogenesis and prognosis of pyoderma gangrenosum (dermatitis ulcerosa) (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of p. g. is based on clinical appearance. P. g. is frequently associated with systemic disease. This paper presents 23 cases of p. g. associated with other sufferings and a review of the Literature in which pathogenesis, prognosis, age and sex of this cutaneous disorder are standing in foreground for a discussion. PMID- 7324518 TI - [Keratoacanthoma in co-existence with nevus sebaceus (author's transl)]. AB - A keratoacanthoma developed on a nevus sebaceus on the cheek of a 7 years old girl within three weeks. The nevus revealed additional organoid and suborganoid hamartomas. The occurrence of keroacanthoma or even squamous cell epithelioma is a very rare event in nevus sebaceus. PMID- 7324519 TI - [The "accommodation" of aging and older psychiatric patients - legal and psychiatric aspects]. AB - In the articles 2, 19 and 97 GG the "Human Rights" and the "Human Dignity" are designed by the paramount constitutional law to be important guidelines for public activities. From these conceptions derives the implementation in the individual Federal States, which carry out the "Laws regarding the legal procedure for the deprivation of liberty" (1956) as well as the "Accomodation Laws". It differs in many administrative details, in its basic structure it is, however binding. Careful consideration of a case according to the Proportional Principles (Right of the Individual-Claim of the society for protection and security) on the one hand and legal control in all stages of the proceeding on the other hand are thereby safeguarded. First such important conceptions as "mental disease, mental weakness, threat, addiction, neglect, public nuisance, indecent assault" are discussed in line with the highest jurisdiction. The medical and legal limitations of the accomodation criteria for the old and ageing are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the medically-centered regulations of accomodation, diagnosis, therapy, temporary leave and discharge of patients are explained; foreign experience is taken into account. PMID- 7324520 TI - [Facilities for the aged from an environment psychology viewpoint. An analysis of relationship between ratings of social climate and behavior of home residents]. AB - We present a concept for the quantification of "social climate" in institutions for the aged. To receive such evaluations from the aged, according to our experience, it is necessary to apply special techniques of exploration to reduce response sets of defense and facade. Comparing different institutions and analysing the correlations with behavioral data we can demonstrate the usefulness of these environmental variables. Differential results point to the fact that some characteristics of the aged have to be considered to interpret these variable of "social climate". PMID- 7324521 TI - [Working conditions in 22 Hamburg homes for the aged from the viewpoint of the personnel]. AB - A 23-item questionnaire measuring 4 relatively independent dimensions of working conditions and work atmosphere was developed on the basis of 252 respondents of the nursing staff in 22 institutions for the elderly, each comprising different levels of care. The factoranalytically derived and itemanalytically tested subscales measure the relation to management, colleagues and the aged inhabitants as well as working load. These institutional characteristics can be well illustrated in profiles and differentiate between single institutional different types of facilities and groups of them, belonging to different organisations. The validity of the different dimensions could be proven with regard to external criteria, both on facility level and on individual basis. According to our experience such profiles of working climate are well suited to stimulate problem discussions within the institutions and the exchange of experiences between the managers of different facilities. PMID- 7324522 TI - [Aggressiveness as a life technic in nursing homes for the aged]. PMID- 7324525 TI - [Suicide in homes for the aged]. PMID- 7324524 TI - [Dimensions and correlates of the self image of indigent aged persons]. PMID- 7324523 TI - [Life experiences and differential aspects of the social relations of the aged in facilities for the aged. Empirical findings from 3 Hamburg facilities]. AB - In the beginning it is illustrated that there is a number of problems in the different fields of open care and work with institutionalized old people which could be better solved or reduced by an integrative approach. It is the goal of this report to make evident that there are wrong attitudes towards living in institutions which are - besides other barriers - hindering for the realization of such an integrative approach. After a view over the organization-structure and the supply offered by the institutions, the average-home-inhabitants are presented - from a cybernetical point of view - as "open systems" who take part in an exchange of "input" and "output" and who are able to realize more or less wide life experiences. There are significant differences between the institutions with regard to the conception and the organization-structure of the homes. The social contacts-distinguished between different patterns of contact, contact partners and inside/outside-orientation of the social contacts - are analysed and presented in their differential relations to the life satisfaction measures. The relative close correlation between different patterns of collective contacts and the measures of life satisfaction are especially interesting, because from these findings practical consequences for the organization of home-life and for the counseling of old people in the choice between the alternative offers of help can be deducted. PMID- 7324526 TI - [Analysis of cognitive strategies of identity assertion in residents of a geriatric hospital using G.A. Kelly's REP-test]. AB - During the analysis of possibilities of identity-assertion for inhabitants of a clinic for the aged the REP-Test proved as far as the provided structural analysis rendered the possibility of a classification of different cognitive strategies which could be interpreted with regard to the content by the constructs. For an exact understanding of the interaction-situation with the employees the judgements of the employees were absolutely necessary. Referring to the content a high rate of individual strategies to cope with the employee's role expectations and to keep cognitive distance could be found. The presumed "patient role", which would restrict individuality and identity, could only be registered as an exceptional case, which was not regarded as a positive one by the employees, too. PMID- 7324527 TI - [Continued education of personnel in geriatric care - an empirical report]. AB - Although the practical basic and advanced training of honorary workers within the framework of old-age care is of major importance, above all with respect to ecclesiastical and deaconic work, there have only been very few empirical reports regarding this topic up to the present. This is the reason why the beginning of our work was characterized by an extensive experimental phase. From experience we then discovered certain principles, which can be of use in setting up similar seminars in future. Emphasis is laid upon the "open planning" of the seminars. Planning and performance of the meetings are elaborated together with the participants. In this context, however, the leader of the seminar is supposed to provide essential assistance as to the organization of the meeting and the final methodical make-up of the seminar. With regard to methodical procedures we are striving for multiplicity, laying great stress on concrete ideas, respectively putting different ideas to the test. Working in small groups favours reflection on practical experience. Furthermore we consider it very important to meet again regularly after the termination of said seminars. It is only then that we can check to what extent the subject of the seminar could be put into practice. Systematic interchange of experience amongst colleagues in this context is of essential use for exploiting the different subjects and methods for one's own work. PMID- 7324528 TI - [The return of geriatric patients to the home - results of a pilot study in Berlin hospitals]. AB - Geriatric in-patients often stay longer in hospital than would be necessary on medical grounds alone due to the lack of intermediate facilities and the paramount influence of social conditions. Day-hospital services contribute largely to an early return of geriatric and long-term patients. The potential amount of patients eligible for this kind of service is investigated by a 5% sample of all non-psychiatric in-patients age 65+ in Berlin (West). Social conditions at home and the number of patients to receive day services showed a significant relation. Based on the findings it is estimated that 15 day-hospitals will be needed in Berlin (West) to promote re-integration of geriatric patients into their familiar surroundings. PMID- 7324529 TI - ATP synthesis and generation of electrochemical gradients of protons in the catecholamine storage organelle of the adrenal medulla. AB - The reaction rates of ATP formation from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by the catecholamine storage organelles isolated from bovine adrenal medulla accelerated 5--6 fold, when Pi was added at various times after addition of Mg-ADP, as compared to the rates observed when the reaction partners were added simultaneously. The increase of the rates of ATP-Pi exchange upon subsequent addition of Pi to Mg-ATP was less prominent. Mg-ADP induced a delta psi (60--70 mV, positive inside), almost equal that induced by Mg-ATP. In both cases delta psi was significantly higher in the absence of Pi than in its presence. At pH 7.4 of the medium the delta pH was 1.4 units indicating an internal pH of 6. It was stable during the reaction time in the presence of Mg-ATP, while in the presence of Mg-ADP the internal pH increased gradually by 0.2 units. Both the ATP forming reactions as well as the nucleotide induced delta psi were uncoupler-sensitive (CCCP). Though inhibiting ATP formation from ADP + Pi by 50%, 0.1 mM AP5A (an inhibitor of adenylate kinase) did neither affect delta psi nor delta pH, hence ruling out the possibility that delta microH. induced by Mg-ADP would be actually due to AtP formed from ADP. Membrane ghosts were not able of ATP synthesis (in the absence of valinomycin), the ATP-Pi exchange was only 10--20% of that of intact organelles, due to the low delta microH. in the absence of intravesicular soluble constituents. It is proposed that the energy for ATP synthesis is furnished by the high gradients of protonated soluble constituents in the intact organelles. PMID- 7324530 TI - Immobilization of erythrocytes by radiation polymerization of glass-forming monomers at low temperatures. AB - The immobilization of erythrocyte as the whole cell without hemolysis was studied. It found that erythrocyte could be treated and immobilized stably by radiation polymerization of specific monomers having high viscous and long oxyethylene units chain such as methoxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate (M-23G) and polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (14G). Irradiation dose without hemolysis was limited less than 1 X 10(5) r and a comonomer system consisting of M-23 G 14G, 1:1 and small quantity of glutaraldehyde (GA) was the optimum carrier composition. The functional properties of the immobilized erythrocyte was also investigated. It was found that the immobilized cell could be carried out carbon monoxide-oxygen gas exchange effectively and reversibly so as in the intact cell. The immobilized erythrocyte also showed the catalase activity just as in the intact cell. The stability of erythrocyte increased greatly by the immobilization for standing at low and room temperatures and hardly hemolyzed in non-isotonic medium such as pure water. It was observed in scanning electron microscope that the immobilized erythrocyte had a hollow disk shape same as in intact cell and covered with a thin polymer layer. PMID- 7324531 TI - [Steroids of human thymi (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of human thymus steroids by liquid-gel chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed in dependence of age 4-pregnene-3,20 dione, 11 beta-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione, 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, and 7 ketocholesterol. 11 beta-Hydroxy-pregnene-3,20-dione should be the inhibitor of immune maturation. PMID- 7324532 TI - Studies on the Zn2+/Co2+ exchange with acylamino acid amidohydrolase from pig kidney. AB - The kinetics of inactivation of the Zn2+-metalloenzyme acyl-amino acid amido hydrolase by chelating ligands were studied. The rate of inactivation by 1,10 phenanthroline is enhanced by histidine and inhibited in the presence of phenyl alanine. Removal of the metal ion increases the heat stability and decreases the pH stability of the enzyme. Reactivation of the inactive metal free enzyme is possible with Zn2+ and Co2+. Titration of the metal free protein with a free enzyme is possible with Zn2+ and Co2+. Titration of the metal free protein with a Co2+/nitrilotriacetate metal buffer revealed a dissociation constant of about 10( 7) M for the Co2+ enzyme (Zn2+ enzyme = 10(-10) M). The Co2+ substituted enzyme is less stable than the Zn2+ enzyme. Histidine and phenylalanine protect the Co2+ enzyme against inactivation by 1,10-phenanthroline. PMID- 7324533 TI - Molecular forms of purified cytoplasmatic and membrane bound bovine-brain acetylcholinesterase solubilized by different methods. AB - Membrane bound, Triton X-100 solubilized bovine nucleus caudatus acetylcholinesterase is sedimenting in presence of Triton X-100 concentrations higher than the CMC as a 10.5 S-detergent-enzyme complex. There is evidence that this complex does neither represent the molecular enzyme arrangement present in the membrane, nor the molecular form originally released from the membrane. The purified, cytoplasmatic acetylcholinesterase is sedimenting as a 10.5 S-form too. This form is clearly to be distinguished from the detergent enzyme complex, for it is obviously not capable of aggregating, whereas the 10.5 S-detergent-enzyme complex aggregates on detergent removal to defined water soluble oligomers with sedimentation coefficients of 16 S (700 000 +/- 10 000), 20.6 S (960 000 +/- 60 000) and 23.3 S (approximately 1 200 000). In contrast to acetylcholinesterase from erythrocytes this aggregation is not easily reversibly by incubation with Triton X-100, reflecting differences in the hydrophobic part of the enzymes. Purified acetylcholinesterase solubilized without detergent under autolytic or tryptic conditions is mainly sedimenting as a 4.5 S-form. Such slow sedimenting forms detected in crude solubilisates of neuronal tissues, may originate at least partially form autolytic solubilization. PMID- 7324534 TI - Partial denaturation mapping of phage T4 DNA at low temperature. AB - The partial-denaturation map of T4 DNA is obtained by using benzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride in the presence of a high concentration of formamide. In this way suitable conditions for preparation of electron microscope specimens and partial denaturation within a temperature range low enough to minimize the endonucleolytic cleavage, are realized. It is found that, under our experimental conditions, the denaturation increase depends mainly on the appearance of new denaturation sites rather than on the lengthening of DNA segments already denatured. Because of the DNA circular permutation it is necessary to align the measured maps to obtain the denaturation pattern. This is done through a computer program and informations on the distribution of the regions with highest (A-T) content along the genome are obtained. The results of contour length measurements of lambda and T4 DNA's are also reported. PMID- 7324535 TI - Fine structural study of Eimeria truncata from the domestic goose (Anser anser dom.). AB - Eimeria truncata oocysts were isolated from a naturally infected goose stock. Domestic geese and ducks were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Meronts, merozoites, macro- and microgamonts, and microgametes were studied with the light and electron microscope. These stages were located in the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules only. The meronts and merozoites showed the characteristic fine structures of Eimeria species. The macrogamonts only possessed one type of wall forming bodies. It resembled the wall-forming bodies type I of other Eimeria species. One of the most prominent observations seemed to be the occurrence of osmiophilic granular material in the parasitophorous vacuoles of all endogenous stages of E. truncata. PMID- 7324536 TI - Fine structural study of a Toxoplasma strain from the roe deer. PMID- 7324537 TI - Testosterone propionate and the growth of Hymenolepis microstoma in intact and orchiectomized mice. PMID- 7324538 TI - Simple equipment for enzyme electrophoresis of Schistosoma, Biomphalaria, and Bulinus species. PMID- 7324539 TI - Stimulating effect of citrate and cis-Aconitate on the transformation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms to procyclic forms in vitro. PMID- 7324540 TI - Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: attachment to the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole of macrophages in vivo. AB - Intracellular forms of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis divide inside the phagocytic vacuole of macrophages. Some parasites attach to the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole while others remain free in the vacuole. Examination of thin sections of the attachment region by electron microscopy revealed a space of 2 nm between the membrane of the phagocytic vacuole and the plasma membrane of the parasite. Freeze-fracture replicas showed an array of intramembranous particles in some areas of the parasite's plasma membrane resembling a gap junction which, in other cells, is involved in the process of intracellular communication. PMID- 7324541 TI - Immunisation of mice against Taenia taeniaeformis using antigens prepared from T. pisiformis and T. hydatigena eggs or oncospheres. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigation the degree of immunity stimulated against Taenia taeniaeformis infection in mice by prior administration of eggs or ultrasonically disrupted oncospheres of T. pisiformis or T. hydatigena. Sonicated oncospheral antigens were given either orally or by subcutaneous injection in Freund's complete adjuvant, and eggs were given orally. Three inbred strains of mice with varying degrees of innate resistance to initial infection with T. taeniaeformis were used in the experiments. These were the moderately resistant BALB/c, moderately susceptible CBA/H, and highly susceptible C3H/He strains. It was found that BALB/c mice developed high levels of immunity when immunised with either T. pisiformis or T. hydatigena eggs, or with sonicated oncospheres administered orally or parenterally. CBA/H mice developed moderate immunity, and C3H/He mice generally did not develop a satisfactory level of resistance. the implication of these findings with respect to immunisation of outbred animals against natural infection with larval cestodes using antigen prepared from the oncospheres of heterologous parasite species is discussed. PMID- 7324542 TI - The effect of corticosteroid therapy on infection with Toxocara canis in dogs. AB - Three, six-month-old dogs were infected with 2,000 eggs of Toxocara canis. Three weeks after infection 15 immature adult parasites were found in the intestine of the dog which had been treated with high doses of corticosteroids (2 ml of Opticortenol S given every four days) while no parasites were found in the intestine of the dog treated with repeated injections of 0.3 ml Opticortenol S or in the untreated control dog. The increased susceptibility to infection with T. canis in the dog treated with high doses of corticosteroids was associated with a decrease in in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to the mitogen concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen and with a complete suppression of the eosinophilia that was seen 10 days after infection in the untreated control dog. PMID- 7324543 TI - Ultrastructural changes in tissue forms of Leishmania donovani before and after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. PMID- 7324544 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of merogonous stages of Eimeria falciformis var. pragensis in Mus musculus. AB - Asexual stages of Eimeria falciformis var. pragensis in Swiss-Webster mice were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Sporozoites were present in the cecum and colon 2 h post-inoculation (PI) and measured 11.3 X 2.1 micrometer (9-13.9 X 2-2.2 micrometer). Sporozoites penetrated epithelial cells with an extended anterior end and were constricted at the site of entry. Asexual generations were found in the cecum and colon epithelial cells. In meronts found at days 3-9 PI, merozoites matured synchronously, were oriented in the same direction, and were arranged in a helical pattern. Such meronts measured 11.3 X 6.4 micrometer (8 13.7 X 5-7.4 micrometer) and contained 8-12 merozoites, which measured 11.9 X 1.5 micrometer (7.4-15.7 X 1.3-1.8 micrometer). Meronts which were present at day 7 PI measured 9.5 X 8.2 micrometer (9-10.5 X 7-9.5 micrometer) and contained 20-50 small merozoites which budded asynchronously from a central residuum. At days 3-7 PI, parasitized epithelial cells had shorter and fewer or no microvilli. The lumenal plasmalemma of the host cell was often disrupted or absent in cells containing mature meronts and escaping merozoites. At day 6 PI, phagocytic cells appeared on the epithelial surface, some of which were in contact with merozoites. Small foci of exposed basal lamina were present at day 7 PI in areas where cells had sloughed from the epithelium. PMID- 7324545 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: effect on growth, fertility, and development of distal male organs in Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to miracidia at different ages. AB - Growth, egg laying rate, and mortality of Biomphalaria glabrata (Portorican strain), maintained in groups of two, after exposure at different ages (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks) to three miracidia each of Schistosoma mansoni (Liberian strain) were determined. The findings in infected snails were compared with those in exposed but uninfected (negative) and in unexposed snails. Younger snails were infected at higher rates, and these showed a significantly increased mortality. Young infected snails grew much slower than negative or unexposed snails; older infected snails grew at about the same rate as negative or control snails. A growth acceleration was not observed in parasitized animals. When prepatency to a high extent passed before sexual maturity, infected snails did not lay any eggs. In later infections the numbers of eggs dropped below those in healthy snails by the second week after exposure. Snails were dissected 15 weeks after exposure. Development of male reproductive organs (prostate gland, preputium plus penis sheath), in relation to shell diameter, was retarded particularly in animals infected before sexual maturity and highly retarded in growth. In larger animals the organs reached approximately their definitive size. Parasitized snails were partially deformed by an enlargement of their shell apertures on the right side. PMID- 7324546 TI - Fine structure of nuclear division and microgametogony of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben, 1924. AB - Nuclear division and microgametogony of Eimeria nieschulzi were studied by transmission electron microscopy. All nuclear divisions occurred in close proximity to the gamont surface with four centrioles situated between the nuclear envelope and the gamont plasmalemma. During early nuclear divisions, each nucleus had a rod or hourglass-shaped nucleolus, indicating that the nucleolus probably pinched in two during nuclear division. Nuclear divisions occurred by nearly centrally located intranuclear spindles. Two centrioles were associated with each centrocone. Spindle microtubules, which originated from each centrocone, either traversed to the other centrocone or terminated at kinetochores. Four to 6 chromosome-like structures were present in each dividing nucleus. The formation of 50 to 100 biflagellate microgametes occurred at the margin of the microgamont by a process similar to that described for other coccidian species. Microgametes were limited by a single membrane with a prominent glycocalyx, 13 nm thick. PMID- 7324547 TI - Effect of praziquantel on adult Echinococcus granulosus in vitro: scanning electron microscopy. AB - The effect of praziquantel in vitro at concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ppm for 1 h resulted in the progressive breakdown of the tegument and in morphologic distortion of adult Echinococcus granulosus when compared to controls. Scanning electron microscopy of all specimens treated in the various concentrations of praziquantel showed loss of most, if not all of the rostellar hooks and changes in the structure of the suckers. Many of the tapeworms immediately detached from the host's gut upon being placed in the drug, and all treated cestodes exhibited contraction or swelling, particularly in the penultimate proglottid. Intense contraction was apparent in the worms exposed to the higher drug concentrations. Characteristic conical microtriches on the terminal proglottid, as observed in the control specimens, became fused and matted when exposed to 5 ppm of praziquantel. At a drug concentration of 50 ppm, the tegumental surface developed grooves or furrows between clumps of fused microtriches, while 500 ppm caused production of holes within the denuded tegument of the parasite. Ovoid bodies, presumed to be eggs, were observed on the outer surfaces and just below the tegument of tapeworms treated with concentrations of 50 ppm. These structures also appeared to adhere to the outer surfaces of specimens exposed to 500 ppm. In view of the foregoing, special care should be taken in handling and disposing of feces from infected or suspect dogs after praziquantel treatment, since the breakdown in the tegumental surface of E. granulosus presumably results in the release of potentially infective eggs. PMID- 7324548 TI - [Drug interactions. Causes and the possibility of their prevention]. PMID- 7324549 TI - [Interactions in the therapy with antibiotics]. PMID- 7324550 TI - [Ventricle function after intracoronary fibrinolysis treatment of the fresh heart infarct]. PMID- 7324551 TI - [Acute and chronic leukemias. Diagnosis, therapy and prognosis]. PMID- 7324552 TI - [Emergency in general medicine (4). Blunt and open abdominal injury]. PMID- 7324553 TI - [Iron content of the blood in chronic blood donors]. PMID- 7324554 TI - [Psoriasis - an enzyme defect]. PMID- 7324556 TI - [Infrared and ultraviolet rays. Use in general practice]. PMID- 7324555 TI - [Cryotherapy in physical medicine]. PMID- 7324557 TI - [Arterial occlusive disorders]. PMID- 7324558 TI - [Ligament instability of the lower extremity]. PMID- 7324559 TI - [Hippocrates medal 1981. Presentation at the SIMG Congress in Klagenfurt]. PMID- 7324560 TI - [Emergency in general medicine (6). Inguinal hernia as an emergency]. PMID- 7324561 TI - [Double blind cross-over study with lonazolac-Ca and diclofenac-Na in 30 patients with chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 7324562 TI - [Problems of public health in a developed socialist society]. PMID- 7324563 TI - [Problems of improving the health services and quality of health care]. PMID- 7324564 TI - [Trends and research objectives in public health]. PMID- 7324565 TI - [Current social and hygienic problems of maternal and child health]. PMID- 7324566 TI - [Medical and social aspects of public health in Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7324567 TI - [Environmental hygiene in relation to the use of chemicals in forestry]. PMID- 7324568 TI - [Structural organization of testicular peritubular tissue]. PMID- 7324569 TI - Drug-abuse reporting systems. PMID- 7324570 TI - Core data for epidemiological studies of nonmedical drug use. PMID- 7324571 TI - [Ecology, biogeocenology and their place in the system of sciences]. PMID- 7324572 TI - Colon-interposition as replacement for the esophagus. A follow-up study. AB - The longterm results of the use of colon-interposition as a substitution for the esophagus have been studied. Colon-interposition was carried out in eleven patients. There was one operative death. A second child died of an unknown cause nine years and eight months after operation. Nine patients could be studied from sixteen years and nine months to thirteen months after the operation. In six patients a satisfactory result has been achieved. One child is staying in a psychiatric infirmary. Feeding problems due to recurrent fistulae have led to growth retardation in another patient, while a third patient has regurgitation symptoms. A study of the case histories gives insight into the many early and late complications which occur in this operative procedure. The colon interposition is a complicated procedure and should only be carried out in centers for pediatric surgery, because of its specific indication, its technique and the occurrence of complications afterwards. The development of alternative, less complicated, methods leaves a restricted indication for colon-interposition. PMID- 7324573 TI - [Development of the extraperitoneal fat pads (contribution to X-ray morphology of the child's abdomen) (author's transl)]. AB - Plain abdominal radiographs were studied in 280 children aged between one day and fourteen years to assess the age-related width of the extra-peritoneal fat. At the same time the limitations of assessing the size of the right side of the liver, the lower pole of the spleen and the psoas shadow were investigated. A significant rise in the evaluation of this method was only obtained after the sixth year and this was 86% in relation to the right lobe of the liver and 36% in relation to the lower pole of the spleen. From this age onwards, the preperitoneal fat is demonstrable in 94% of cases. The investigation suggests that from the sixth year onwards, the absence of the extra peritoneal fat line is an indirect indicator that there is intra-peritoneal fluid or a retro-peritoneal tumour. Eck PMID- 7324574 TI - Altered consciousness as a precocious manifestation of intussusception in infants. AB - Two infants aged 5 and 8 months respectively who developed a marked alteration in consciousness as a precocious manifestation of ileo-colic intussusception are reported. Previously described abnormalities of central nervous system function accompanying intussusception are reviewed. It is suggested that in the face of acutely altered sensorium without apparent cause in the infant the diagnosis of intussusception should be considered. PMID- 7324575 TI - Practical and emotional aspects of soiling in children with anorectal anomalies. Possibilities for prevention and early intervention. PMID- 7324576 TI - [Delayed splenic rupture and fat embolism in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present the history of a seven-year-old male child suffering from delayed splenic rupture and fat embolism syndrome simultaneously. The conservative treatment of splenic ruptures as well as incidence and early diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome in childhood will be discussed. PMID- 7324577 TI - [Results of antireflux-surgery in children according to Leadbetter-Politano]. AB - The indications for operation and results of antireflux-operation according to Leadbetter-Politano method are discussed in a retrospective evaluation of 80 children. Age of child, grade of reflux, cystoscopic findings of ureteral orifices and therapeutic success in treatment of urinary tract infection are the main criteria for the indication to surgical intervention. The operation was successful in 79 out of 80 children. Three of them needed a corrective operation. The number of postoperative complications was in accordance with results in the literature. The incidence of postoperative recurrence of urinary tract infection in 7.5% was relatively low. PMID- 7324578 TI - [Correction of AGS-genital in severe forms of virilism (Prader III-V) (author's transl)]. AB - An operative procedure for the correction of virilised genitalia in girls suffering from adreno-genital syndrome is reported. The existing tissues are preserved and utilised as far as possible to reconstruct a vaginal opening. The dorsal and ventral scillae and nerve supply of the glans clitoris are preserved while the corpora cavernosa are resected. PMID- 7324579 TI - Teratoma of the neck in a newborn infant - a case report. AB - A case of teratoma of the neck in a newborn baby is presented. Teratoma of the neck is a rare lesion and almost always found in the newborn, but also in the fetus and stillborn infant. Although the mass was found prenatally by ultrasonography in the present case, the patient could not be saved because of respiratory distress. Urgent surgical management is the only way to save life in this kind of neonate. PMID- 7324580 TI - Cecal fecalith mimicking intussusception. AB - The rare finding of a cecal fecalith in an 8-year-old child is described together with a review of similar cases. These indicate not only the difficulty of diagnosis, but the dilemma faced by the surgeon at the operation. PMID- 7324581 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bile ducts. AB - A 4 and one half-year-old girl with rhabdomyosarcoma of the bile ducts who was managed by excision of the entire tumour mass followed by chemotherapy has survived four years without evidence of recurrence. PMID- 7324582 TI - Accessory scrotum. PMID- 7324583 TI - [Various legal questions posed by disability evaluation in federal social insurance covering risk: disability insurance, military insurance and compulsory accident insurance]. PMID- 7324584 TI - [Medical evaluation of disability in military insurance]. PMID- 7324585 TI - [Organization of mountain emergency services for Valais]. PMID- 7324586 TI - [Ligament injuries of the dorsum of the foot: problems of roentgen diagnosis and indications]. PMID- 7324587 TI - [Conservative therapy of fibular ligament lesions]. PMID- 7324588 TI - [Death due to aspiration of a mass and choking. Study of 100 cases in forensic medicine from the viewpoint of emergency therapy]. PMID- 7324589 TI - [Experiences with coagulum pyelolithotomy using autoplasma cryoprecipitate]. PMID- 7324590 TI - [Therapy of detrusor hyperactivity with propiverin (mictonorm)]. AB - In the context of treating hyperactivity of the detrusor the newly developed preparation Propiverin (Mictonorm) is presented. It is postganglionic and anticholinergic and mainly acts peripherally and selectively on the bladder. At the same time a musculotropic relaxing effect with a specific affinity to the unstriated musculature of the bladder can be demonstrated in experiments on animals. In our urodynamic investigations the application of the medicament resulted in an increase in bladder capacity, a reduction of urge symptoms, a decrease in bladder tension and a depression of the uroflow. These results justify the clinical use of Propiverin after appropriate urodynamic diagnostic checks. PMID- 7324591 TI - [A rare complication in kidney biopsy]. PMID- 7324592 TI - [Subpelvic contrast medium extravasation after urography]. AB - Spontaneous extravasation of contrast medium after X-ray examinations of low ureteroliths is not an exceptionally infrequent occurrence. A patchy stripe of contrast medium, parallel to the M. psoas is the noticeable radiological indication. With our patients brief clinical observation under antibiotic protection has been sufficient. Check-up urography has later shown normal conditions. Adhesions and obstructions in the region of the exit from the renal pelvis have not been found in check-ups to date. We have never found it necessary to operate because of these changes. PMID- 7324593 TI - [The modern treatment of bladder bilharziasis]. PMID- 7324594 TI - [Metabolic causes of urolithiasis in childhood]. PMID- 7324595 TI - Bacterial pollution indicators in the intestinal tract of various fish species living an Amir-Kolayeh lagoon. AB - In this study we have isolated fecal coliforms and streptococci from the water of the Amir-Kolayeh Lagoon and the intestine of 4 species of fishes captured. Since these bacteria do not constitute the normal flora of the intestinal tract of fish (VENKATARAMAN and SREENIVASAN 1953) so we may conclude that the presence of these microorganisms in the intestinal tract of these fishes is an indication of water pollution with fecal material of men and animals in the region. PMID- 7324596 TI - [On the concept of semimalignancy from the standpoint of general tumor pathology]. AB - In the past, the term "semimalignancy" had been applied to a heterogeneous group of tumours, namely to tumours of a low grade of malignancy, to tumours of an equivocal dignity and even to benign lesions. Furthermore, the term as such is highly ambiguous. This is discussed in the light of theoretical considerations and of suitable examples. It is suggested not to apply the term "semimalignancy" any longer. PMID- 7324597 TI - [Cryotherapy in rectal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - From 1972 to 1979 151 carcinomas of the rectum were treated by cryotherapy. Radical tumour destruction was observed in 19 cases. The other cases showed good palliation after multiple cryotherapy. In 48 biopsies the local effect of cryotherapy has been studied by SEM. Local tumour destruction was followed by tissue inflammation and nonspecific phagocytosis of tumour cells. Immunological reaction and epithelialization was noted only after radical destruction of the tumour. PMID- 7324598 TI - [Thoracic surgery in patients older than 70 years (author's transl)]. AB - In a total of 10,000 thoracosurgical operations the percentage of patients being older than 70 years amounted to 1.1. Most of these patients underwent surgery for bronchial carcinoma. The postoperative mortality rate in these patients could be lowered to 1.0% (1977/78). 25% of the patients older than 70 years who suffered from lung cancer stage I and II survived for more than 5 years after operation. PMID- 7324599 TI - [Early thoracotomy and chest wall stabilization with elastic rib clamps (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with chest injuries, serial rib fractures and intrathoracic lacerations the indication for primary thoracotomy is usually limited to life threatening organ ruptures. In our own experience with 18 patients primary thoracotomy offers the chance of immediate closure of lung lacerations, suture of pleural and pericardial tears, ligature of torn intercostal vessels and stabilization of the chest wall by elastic rib clamps "Essener Model". Postoperative respiration, freedom of pain, is restored immediately and therefore complications and duration of high-risk respirator treatment can be reduced. PMID- 7324600 TI - [Thrombendarterectomy of the femoro--popliteal region for chronic occlusion (author's transl)]. AB - 218 patients who underwent subintimal dissection were followed up over a period of 21/2 years. The results (72,6% patients at the end of 21/2 years) come up to those of the saphenous vein bypass. the rate of secondary amputations (7.21%) is low, the primary mortality rate comes up to 2.75%. In our opinion thrombendarterectomy has satisfactory late results. In the author's opinion chronic arterial occlusion of the femoro-popliteal region should surgically be treated first of all by thrombendarterectomy. This enables the surgeon to perform an autogenous venous bypass procedure in case of relapse. PMID- 7324601 TI - [The problem of occult thyroid cancer. Report on the simultaneous occurrence of a non-encapsulated sclerosing thyroid cancer with a follicular cancer of the contralateral lobe]. PMID- 7324602 TI - [Cryptococcosis of the lung]. PMID- 7324603 TI - [The effectiveness of radiologic skeletal diagnosis (combination of skeletal scintigraphy with roentgen diagnosis) for the determination of bone metastases in breast cancer]. PMID- 7324604 TI - [Diverticular disease; investigation on therapeutical tactics (author's transl)]. AB - In the state of beginning complications if diverticular disease a resection of the inflammed section is indicated. This procedure prevents progression to life threatening complications. However, 5 to 30% of these patients treated in this way will have residual complaints. Our own morphological and functional in vitro investigations reveal an explanation for these findings. Furthermore, they show that the longitudinal musculature (taenias) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the diverticular disease. The results obtained lead to the following conclusion: to make resection more complete, i.e. to prevent residual complaints and avoid relapses the longitudinal musculature should be incised transversely. Indications for taenia-myotomy are pointed out and its value is underlined by a prospective study including clinical data and functional in vivo investigations. PMID- 7324605 TI - [Total transgastric highly selective vagotomy (author's transl)]. AB - By replacing the transection and excision of the hiatal cardioesophageal branches of the vagus nerve including the nerve branches accompanying those arteries entering the proximal gastric fundus and the gastric branches of the nerves of Laterjet by a seromuscular incision along the lesser curvature from the incisura to the cardia continuing in an arch below the oesophagogastric junction downwards along the greater curvature to a level between the estimated entrance of the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels, a total transgastric highly selective vagotomy is achieved. The danger of free exposure of the mucosa is prevented by interposing a free omental graft sutured into the gap in the gastric musculature. The graft protects against complications due to regeneration of the divided vagal branches. This operation is much less extensive, less invasive and significantly more simple than HSV. Completeness of vagotomy is less invasive and significantly more simple than HSV. Completeness of vagotomy is controlled intra operatively both a gastric pH meter and by measuring the oxygen tension of the gastric mucosa. Twelve to twenty months after applying TTrHSV the mortality was nil in only a restricted number of patients with duodenal ulcers and the morbidity was insignificant. Previous ulcer symptoms disappeared. Dumping syndrome, recurrence of ulceration and other significant complications were not observed. Data of basal and stimulated acid secretion during the 12 to 20 month period after the operation are given. PMID- 7324606 TI - [Subcutaneous lateral sphincterotomy in proctology (author's transl)]. AB - In piles, anal fissure sclerosis and primary achalasia the internal anal sphincter muscle is the focus of a vicious circle. By subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy, a causal measure, this circle can be broken through without the danger of incontinence. This could be demonstrated by rectal pressure readings. The early results are satisfactory. PMID- 7324607 TI - [Postoperative complications and late results in surgically treated pseudocysts of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324608 TI - [Small intestine incarceration after lateral abdominal drainage]. PMID- 7324609 TI - [Microbiological test for the determination of the maximum permissible standing time for non-sterilised ampoule solutions (author's transl)]. AB - As opposed to most large volume parenterals (LVP), which on account of their composition provide good nutrient media for microbial growth, it can be expected that many ampoule solutions have an antimicrobial activity of their own, due to the high activity of their drug substances. It is therefore questionable as to whether the requirements laid down by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for LVP, demanding a maximum time limit of 8 hours for the manufacture, filling and sterilisation, can simply be extrapolated to apply to small volume parenterals. A method is now described whereby the behaviour of various micro organisms can be studied in non-sterilised ampoule solutions. The tests carried out show that only a negligible fraction of the ampoule solutions permit proliferation of contaminating organisms. On the contrary, the majority of the preparations examined had an inhibitory or even microbicidal effect. On the basis of the findings, it is proposed to make a generally valid classification of ampoule solutions into 5 different risk classes. While it is essential to adopt the rigorous FDA restrictions for the entire manufacturing period in the case of those preparations most susceptible to microbial proliferation, the standing times, i.e. the period of time between the manufacture of the solution and the subsequent antimicrobial treatment of the ampoules, can be prolonged without risk for the other groups. This maximum standing time, laid down specifically for each product, in many cases enables the manufacturer to produce larger batches or to improve exploitation of production capacity, yet at the same time maintain security for the product and the user. PMID- 7324610 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica in water and foods. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) isolates from water (367 strains) and different foods (114 strains) were typed serologically and biochemically. In some samples, especially of water, several Ye serotypes were found simultaneously. A noteworthy finding was Ye 03, biotype 4 in tinned meat paste that had already been on sale without, however, any case of diarrhoeal disease being reported in the particular district. The food and water strains included all Ye O-serotypes except 09. Numerous strains were untypable, probably possessing unknown O-antigens. Water isolates were less active biochemically than strains of identical serotypes from food sources. PMID- 7324611 TI - Distribution of the different Staphylococcus species according to their meat or dairy origin. AB - 152 Micrococcaceae strains, originating from meat or dairy products, already classified by the "Single Linkage" technique according to their biochemical profiles, into 13 taxa of food origin, are identified using the G + C content and biochemical tests, to the species of Staphylococcus described by Kloos and Schleifer. -The strains originating from near meat or dairy products are mainly S. aureus coagulase negative and S. xylosus biotype 2, the strains from raw milk include more varied species and correspond to S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. aureus coagulase positive: the Staphylococcus found in different cheeses are principally S. xylosus biotype 1. - The API 20 Staph biochemical gallery enables the identification, in the Staphylococcus taxa (Schleifer) of most of the Staphylococcus strains isolated from meat or dairy products. PMID- 7324612 TI - Isolation of influenza A viruses from migratory waterfowls in San-in District, Western Japan in 1979-1980. AB - From December, 1979 to April, 1980, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in San-in District, western Japan were surveyed for influenza virus. A total of 27 influenza A viruses, 11 Hav1 Neq1 and 16 Hav6 Nav3, were isolated from 90 fecal specimens of whistling swans. A total of 13 influenza A viruses, 11 Hav1 Neq1 and one Hav6 Nav3, were isolated from 245 fecal samples of black-tailed gulls. Two viruses (Hav1 Neq1) were isolated from 40 tufted ducks. Sampling date, incidence and the antigenic subtype of the isolates were correlated. PMID- 7324613 TI - The incidence of water-related diseases in the Brak area, Libya from 1977 to 1979, before and after the installation of water treatment plants. AB - The incidence of nine water-related diseases in the Brak oases of the Sahara desert, before and after the installation of water treatment plants, are reported. Immediately following installation of the plants there was a drop in the incidence of most of the water related diseases. There then followed a gradual deterioration in the treatment plants and within a year the incidence of four of the diseases was again rising. Furthermore neither malaria or giardiases showed any drop in incidence over the study period. Bacillary dysentary, infectious hepatitis and bilharzia did however drop significantly over the three years. A correlation between bacillary dysentary and the mean noon-time temperature for two of the three years was noted. PMID- 7324614 TI - Distribution of viral and bacterial densities in sea water near a costal discharge of treated domestic sewage. PMID- 7324615 TI - [Nutrient input in lakes by bathers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324616 TI - [Infection risk through the reuse of "used" cylinder ampoules for dental local anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The phenomenon of so-called syringe internal infection with cylinder ampoule syringes customarily used in dental local anaesthesia is discussed from the view point of infection hygiene. The contamination rate of the residual content-of used cylinder ampoules has been determined by means of bacteriological model tests with E. coli under the conditions of the cannulae removal phenomenon and the reflux phenomenon caused by tissue overpressure resulting from the injection. It has been shown that - as result of changing a contaminated cannula with the commonly used Uniject cylinder ampoule injection system, the probability that the cylinder ampoule residual contents are infected in 93% using metallic head cannulae and 78% with disposable screw-on cannulae; - even with the lever syringe systems for intraligamentary anaesthesia, changing contaminated, ultra-thin special cannulae leads with 11-12% probability to infection of the cylinder ampoule residual contents; - injections with a tissue counterpressure of only 1 atm result in a 100% contamination rate of the cylinder ampoules through reflux phenomena. The test results lead to the indispensable hygienic demand that - irrespective of which injection system is used - used cylinder ampoules must not be reused with other patients. The increasingly high contamination ratio (0.5 - 1.0%) of our population with hepatitis B viruses places increased demands on the need for care on the part of the dentist and physician. PMID- 7324617 TI - [The effect of the synthetic detergents on the formazan formation of various environmental bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the changes in activity of the dehydrogenase enzyme purifier of in the hygiene important bacteria, caused by different concentrations of various detergents with the aid of the triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride test (TTC) (Simmons-Williams test). The cation-active CTAB, in a contentration of only 0.008%, inhibited the enzymatic activity in all bacteria tested, whereas the non ionic detergents (Praewozell and G 3707), even in high concentrations (5%) produced no inhibiting effect. The anion-active detergents (DBSNa-LSNa) differed in their action on the test bacteria, but Str. faecalis appears to be the most sensitive species, but Micrococcus was also sensitive. In the case of Str. faecalis a 0.03% DBSNa concentration and a 0.008% LSNa concentration was needed to produce the same effect in micrococci. E. coli pathogens proved relatively resistant to anionic detergents; a complete inhibition of the enzymatic activity was brought about by a 1% DBSNa and 0.63% LSNa concentrations. The results suggest that the TTC testing method is suitable for the evaluation of the action of ionic detergents in the organism. PMID- 7324618 TI - [Human exposure to environmental chemicals - investigations on volatile organic halogenated compounds in water, air, food, and human tissues. I. Communication: Properties, distribution, and effects of volatile organic halogenated compounds - analytical procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324619 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative examinations of bacterial found in aquatic habitats. 4. Communication: Comparison of the bacteria of the water an its layer of scum both derived from a reservoir for drinking water (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriological examination of the water from a reservoir and its thin layer of scum (Neuston) showed considerable differences with respect to the colony count and the identified species. The sample from the surface contained 10(6) bacteria per ml. 77% of the isolated species belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Where as the bacterial count of the water was below 10(3) per ml. In this case gram-negative, oxidase-negative, yellow-pigmented, motile rods belonging to the genus Xanthomonas were isolated most frequently. PMID- 7324620 TI - [Haematological data relating to phenol excretion in urine with chronic benzene exposure. I. Epidemiological studies of adults (author's transl)]. AB - The phenol excretion in 24-h-urine has proved in epidemiological studies of normal population as a parameter, which can be measured very well and is sufficient exact as a parameter for a benzene burden. For an exact assessment of healthy impairment of the investigated collectives only the height of the phenol level is not sufficient. Therefore in the presented study the parameters little blood picture, differential blood picture, thrombocytes and reticulocytes were measured relating to the phenol excretion. 60-65 years old male and female adults from six districts of a large city in the strong industrialized North-West of the Ruhr-Area were investigated. The districts were differently exposed (i.e. 55 t/a benzene) to emissions. Adults at the same age from a little residential town (approx. 16 km apart) were investigated as a comparative collective. In the nearer environs there are no industrial emittents existing. - The different exposure situation is reflected well in the mean values of the collective exposure parameters. In the residential town you can find a lower phenol excretion, statistically guarded, corresponding with higher values of thrombocytes and leukocytes. Corresponding with phenol levels in urine the exposed districts presents the more adverse blood parameters. - The reticulocytes and MCHC values, like the MCV and MCH values show a similar trend corresponding with phenol values, statistically guarded. The other parameters, especially the differential blood picture, show no or little relation to the phenol values and give no indication of the exposure situation. - The combination of lower thrombocytes and leucocytes values, the trend to lower erythrocytes values (only females) and to higher MCH values in the industrial districts indicate a pancytopenic influence on the bone marrow as a characteristic for a benzene burden. - The higher reticulocytes count and its influence on the MCHC and MCV values suggest a reactive activity of the bone marrow. The absence of left displacement in the white blood picture let us suppose a compensated reaction. An acute healthy impairment of the population is not provable; therefore benzene is a certain carcinogen, it is not possible to estimate the potential hazard of the population for a longer period. For better registration of the real endangering of the population further more investigations are proposed. PMID- 7324621 TI - [Pentachlorophenol concentrations in tissues and body fluids of normal persons (author's transl)]. AB - Pentachlorophenol (PCP) analyses were performed on tissues and body fluids removed at autopsy from 21 human subjects from the geographical area of Northern Bavaria. The measured concentration of PCP in the urine range between 0.26 micrograms/ml and the detection limit (about 0.001 micrograms/ml); the median was 0.0044 micrograms/ml. The blood levels varied between 0.069 micrograms/ml and the detection limit (about 0.005 micrograms/ml); the median was 0.023 micrograms/ml. These results are well comparable with the data given in literature. The concentrations in blood and plasma are about 5 times higher than in urine. For levels below 0.1 micrograms/ml, in blood and plasma nearly the same PCP concentration were found. All the investigated tissue contained PCP within concentrations from 0.219 micrograms/g to 0.007 micrograms/g. For the tissue samples the following medians were calculated: liver 0.067 micrograms/g, kidney 0.043 micrograms/g, brain 0.047 micrograms/g, spleen 0.019 micrograms/g, body fat 0.013 micrograms/g. Fatal ended PCP-intoxications described in literature, showed PCP-levels in average 1,000 times higher than our results. The PCP-levels in bodyfluids of occupationally exposed groups were found in an order of magnitude of 1.0 micrograms/ml. For the population in Northern Bavaria there are existing no probably hints for health impairments due to PCP-exposure at the recent time. PMID- 7324622 TI - [The significance of the bacterial steroid degradation for the etiology of large bowel cancer. VIII. Transformation of cholic-, chenodeoxycholic-, and deoxycholic acid by lecithinase-lipase-negative clostridia]. AB - In order to examine their bile acid transforming capacities, lecithinase-lipase negative Clostridia, 40 strains, isolate from the feces of patients with large bowel cancer, were cultivated in Schaedler broth containing either cholic, chenodeoxycholic or deoxycholic acid (250 muM). Gas chromatographic analysis of bile acids as hexafluoroisopropylester-trifluoroacetates [on QF-1] showed that 14 strains (35%) attacked cholic acid and 13 strains (32%) chenodeoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid, however, was not attacked. About half of the strains transformed cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids as well to one or two products respectively. The metabolites were identified as 3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-7 keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha -trihydroxy-5 beta cholanoic acid resp. 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-keto-5 beta-cholanoic acid, and 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid (ursodeoxycholic acid) by gas chromatography an combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Clostridial strains tested here are the first which have proved able to epimerize the 7 alpha-hydroxyl groups of bile acids. We could, however, find no relevance to the etiology of large bowel cancer. PMID- 7324623 TI - [Sexual development -- sexual advice -- sexual education -- Paedagogico psychological aspects in gynaecological practice (author's transl)]. AB - Sexuality of man is conceived as a psycho-physical phenomenon, and in gynaecological practice particular attention must be given to psychogenic components, whenever it comes to disorders of sexual organs and functions. It is also desirable and necessary to attend to patients not only in terms of medical findings and their communication. They also should be offered advice and recommendations. Fears and anxiety should be taken from them regarding their own sexual behaviour and experience and partnership relations. Findings obtained from empirical studies into sexual development together with results of an analysis of expectations and attitudes of gynaecological patients. -- Recommendations are given on how to brief patients, with particular reference being made to group briefing. -- Conclusions are suggested for training and upgrading of gynaecologists under the auspices of the Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. PMID- 7324624 TI - [Scientific foundations of therapeutic medication during pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324625 TI - [Prospective studies into pregnancy of primigravidae with assessment of fertility, following induced or spontaneous abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324626 TI - [Deformation of intra-uterine devices (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324627 TI - [Psychic attitude of women to irreversible contraception (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-four of 100 women who had undergone officially sanctioned irreversible contraception at the Gynaecological Department of Wismar Regional Hospital were selected at random for follow-up investigation, two-and-a-half to one year after the intervention. The following psychological tests were taken: a standardised interview based on abridged psychopathological method, Freiburg personality inventory, record of complaints according to Kasielke, and the multiple-choice vocabulary test according to Lienert. Psychiatric examination was added on the basis of a structured psychopathological record system according to Grunes and Kuhne. The following results were obtained from the study: All probands exhibited positive attitudes to the method of irreversible contraception. They said they would choose the same option, if they had to were asked again. They recommended the same decision to other women. Inner conflicts because of the irreversible nature of the intervention, problems of selfvalue, and impairment of partnership relations were not reported. Nor did any of the women wish refertilisation. The gynaecological intervention did in no single case turn out as source for neurotic developments or other psychiatrically relevant symptoms. However, the possibility of neurosis must be reckoned with, as it must with any other medical intervention. This risk may be effectively encountered by due consideration of the patient's personality, clarified indication, adequate information, and therapeutic support for the patient's effort to get to grips with the psychic problem. Hence, irreversible contraception can be an alternative, also for its psychic consequences, for women above 35 to whom safe reversible contraceptives cannot be applied for whatever reasons, although they have completed their own family planning. PMID- 7324628 TI - [Sonographic index for prognosis of early pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324629 TI - [Studies into prostaglandin levels of amniotic fluid in early pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Equivalents of primary prostaglandins A and B as well as E and F were determined in the amniotic fluid of 64 clinically intact women in early pregnancy. The prostaglandin levels of the A and B groups were continuously lowered, between the ninth and 32nd weeks of pregnancy, while prostaglandin E revealed gradual rise from 57 pg/ml, in the ninth and tenth weeks, to 100 pg/ml, between the 29th and 32nd weeks. Prostaglandin F levels behaved similarly, between the 16th and 21st as well as between the 29th and 32nd weeks, mean values being 60 pg/ml or 75 pg/ml, respectively. High prostaglandin F levels, as recorded between the ninth and twelfth weeks of pregnancy (244 pg/ml), were probably attributable to mode by which amniotic fluid has been collected. Collection in that phase of pregnancy was transcervically, following cervix dilation during abortion, which differed from transabdominal amniocentesis in more advanced pregnancy. The above findings are discussed with regard to their physiological and clinical relevance. PMID- 7324630 TI - [Clinical situation and therapy of ovarian carcinoma at Gynaecological Hospital of Jena University, between 1967 and 1976 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324631 TI - [Adjuvant gestagen therapy of endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Reference is made in this paper to histological findings, with the view to presenting the results of preoperative gestagen therapy, using hydroxyprogesterone capronate, applied to 334 patients with endometrial carcinomas. Complete tumour regression was achieved in 8.7 per cent of these cases. Further differentiation and increased secretion of the tumour cell were recorded in 56.6 per cent. No gestagen effect at all was recordable from 34.7 per cent only.--Sensitivity of endometrial carcinomas to gestagens was at its highest in cases of highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, in premenopausal women, in the presence of oestrogenic colpocytological reaction, and when endometrial carcinomas coincided with adipositas and diabetes mellitus.--Five-year survival rates, following surgery in combination with hormonal therapy, reached 91,3 per cent and thus were in excess of the 78.6 per cent recorded from patients with surgical treatment alone. PMID- 7324632 TI - [Relevance of cul-de-sac puncture to diagnosis and differentiation of ovarian tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Cul-de-sac puncture was tested for its accuracy in identifying the presence of ovarian tumours. The accuracy of the technique amounted to 82.4 per cent. Technical and methodical failures were observed in 16.5 per cent of the cases. More detailed cytological differentiation of tumours proved to be possible in 42.8 per cent of benign cases and in 17.6 per cent of malignant cases. The accuracy of the method proved to be sufficiently reliable in early malignancy, as well (69.2 per cent in Stage I of ovarian carcinoma). Cul-de-sac puncture thus is a good method for diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7324633 TI - [Lymphographic studies into lymphogenic expansion of malignant ovarian tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant ovarian tumours in 199 patients were studied for their lymphogenic expansion, depending on histological tumour types and on criteria for classification by stage. The condition of the tumour capsule was found to be the most important indicator to incipient lymphogenic dissemination, with an exception being recordable only from dysgerminomas. These insights together with additional considerations have formed a background against which recommendations are made for indications for lymphography of patients with malignant ovarian tumours. PMID- 7324634 TI - [Anaesthetic block close to spinal cord of gynaecological high-risk patients (author's transl)]. AB - Conduction anaesthesia was applied close to the spinal cord of 91 gynaecological patients whose risk in the context of surgery had been found to be increased on account of advanced age or for severe secondary internal diseases. The rate of complications of these patients with regional anaesthesia was compared to that of another group of 91 patients on whom operations were performed under general anaesthesia. The group with anaesthetic block close to the spinal cord exhibited less intra-operative variation in arterial pressure and less postoperative disorders of the respiratory organs. The metabolism of diabetic patients was more easily controlled and managed under regional anaesthesia. Conduction anaesthesia close to the spinal cord is recommended for patients in geriatric condition or with concomitant internal disorders. PMID- 7324635 TI - [Pyometra in rudimentary uterine horn with obstructive dilatation of the urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324636 TI - Observations on the pathology and besnoitiosis in experimental animals. PMID- 7324637 TI - Studies on swine atrophic rhinitis. I. Investigations into the epizootiology, diagnosis, and specific prevention of the disease. PMID- 7324638 TI - [Transmission of Mycoplasma from the swine dam to fetus]. PMID- 7324639 TI - [Behavior of Toxocara canis Werner 1782 (Anisakidae) larvae during and following lung migration in the definitive host (beagle)]. PMID- 7324640 TI - [Demonstration of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in fecal samples of healthy slaughter swine depending on the season]. PMID- 7324641 TI - Protection of rams against Brucella ovis infection by Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccine. PMID- 7324642 TI - [Etiology of erythrodermatitis of the carp]. PMID- 7324643 TI - Bacteriological studies on unhatched chicken eggs. PMID- 7324644 TI - [Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from the cecal contents of cattle in South Chile]. PMID- 7324646 TI - [Development of extracardiac influences in the ontogeny of the dog]. AB - Using pharmacological drugs, studies have been made on the development of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the heart in ontogenesis of dogs. It is concluded that sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation operates already at the delivery of animals. Originally their effect is observed only as regulation of cardiac pacemakers, influences on the contractile properties of the heart being exerted in later ontogenesis. PMID- 7324645 TI - [Effect of the level of lighting on 14C-GABA efflux from the isolated retina of the frog Rana ridibunda]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of changes in illumination levels on 14C + GABA efflux in the isolated retina of the frog R. ridibunda. When the retina loaded with 14C-GABA is stimulated by darkness, the efflux of radioactivity immediately increases. After reaching a peak, the efflux of 14C-GABA slightly decreases attaining steady level which is higher than the level of spontaneous efflux observed during weak (approximately 0.05 lux) illumination. This high level is preserved as long as the retina remains in darkness. During illumination of the retina (transition from darkness to 60 lux), two types of response are observed. In some cases, insignificant increase of GABA efflux from the retina is followed by its rapid decrease up to the level which is observed during weak illumination. In other cases, immediately after illumination the decrease in GABA efflux takes place (in 6 experiments out of 10). In accordance with the data of Voaden [6], it is suggested that 14C + GABA is liberated from horizontal and amacrine cells. The data obtained in the present investigation are discussed in terms of Trifonov [14] and Byzov [15] hypothesis. These data confirm the idea that GABA acts as a retinal neurotransmitter in the frog. PMID- 7324647 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the archistriatum intermedium in the final stage of chicken embryogenesis]. PMID- 7324648 TI - [Effect of the light regimen on the sensitivity of the chicken reproductive system to exogenous progesterone]. AB - In hens kept under the conditions of a short daytime (4L:18D), progesterone injections (0.25 and 10 mukg/kg) significantly decrease ovulation frequency. At longer photoperiod (14L : 10D), this effect was observed only with a dose of 10 mukg/kg, being rather weak in its intensity. It is concluded that short daytime may inhibit the activity of reproductive system increasing its sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of progesterone. PMID- 7324649 TI - [Typical nature of th primary short-term bacteremia in experimental shigellosis]. AB - The comparative histological study of morphological changes in the intestine of monkeys and in the isolated loop of the small intestine of rabbits and mice infected with dysentery bacteria showed the possibility of using the intragastric infection of white mice as a model allowing one to study some aspects of the pathogenesis of dysentery. In experiments on monkeys, rabbits and white mice infected with Sh. dysenteriae, Sh, flexneri, Sh, newcastle, Sh, boydii and Sh. sonnei the presence of shortterm bacteremia was revealed in all cases of infection. The systematic detection of the causative agents of dysentery in the blood was possible only during the first 6 hours of the experimental infectious process. The release of shigellae from the intestine into the blood flow and their dissemination was confirmed by the detection of shigellae in the blood and internal organs of the animals in the bacteriological study and by the fluorescent antibody method. PMID- 7324650 TI - [Evaluation of a complex method of identifying enteropathogenic Escherichia using O- and H-sera and a rational combination of biochemical tests]. AB - A complex method for the identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia by means of adsorbed monogroup and factor O-sera, H-sera and a rational combination of biochemical tests (using triple sugar iron agar or Kligler iron agar, Simmons citrate agar, phenylalanine-, urea-, sodium malonate-containing media, indole broth, medium for mobility determination) was evaluated. The use of adsorbed monogroup O-sera in the slide agglutination test reduced the time of the study and increased its accuracy by 20.0 +/- 2.5% (6.9 +/- 2.5% to 52.4 +/- 11.1% for Escherichia of different O-groups) in comparison with the generally accepted method. The use factor O-sera and H-sera and H-sera revealed the circulation of the same O-groups belonging to different serovars and differing in partial composition a O-antigen (of the type ab - ac) and in H-antigens, which should be taken into consideration for epidemiological purposes. The combination of biochemical tests ensured correct determination of the genus of the organisms under study. The tested method is recommended for practical use. PMID- 7324651 TI - [Enterotoxigenic properties and antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria in postirradiation dysbacteriosis]. PMID- 7324652 TI - [Taxonomic position of representatives of the species Vibrio cholerae]. AB - The data contained in the works of some foreign authors who have reconsidered the taxonomic position of V. metschnikovii are analyzed. In contrast to the views expressed by Gamaleya whi believed this microorganism to be the modified cholera vibrio, the foreign authors identify it with the "Kommabacillus der Cholera nostras" described by Finkler and Prior (1884) and classify it with saprophytes widely spread in the environment. These points of view were refuted by the data resulting from the study of the strains of V. metschnikovii and the Finkler - Prior vibrio from Soviet collections. The variant from the Odessa Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology has been found to be most similar to the original characteristic given by Gamaleya and should be considered the lectotype of V. metschnikovii. PMID- 7324653 TI - [Preparation of monospecific antisera to rabbit immunoglobulins classes A, G and M]. PMID- 7324654 TI - [Natural killer activity of Wistar rat splenocytes and blocking effect of homologous serum on this activity]. PMID- 7324655 TI - [Effect of the blood sera from infants with frequently occurring infectious and inflammatory diseases on the capacity of macrophages for immune phagocytosis]. PMID- 7324656 TI - [O-antigen of Vibrio cholerae, serovar Ogawa, Recommended for the production of oral cholera bivalent vaccine]. PMID- 7324657 TI - [Immunogenicity equation]. PMID- 7324658 TI - [Brain lesion in lung cancer]. AB - Problems of the clinical course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of metastatic and non-metastatic (toxic) affections of the brain in patients with lung cancer (with reference to the latter's histological structure, localization and treatment given) and discussed on the basis of a voluminous verified material (2,400 patients). In non-treated patients the brain was involved about twice as frequently, as in patients who received a pathogenetically-substantiated treatment. In both groups the brain involvement was observed mainly in patients suffering from adenocarcinoma and non-differentiated cancer. Early surgical removal of the brain metastases performed may prolong the patient's life by one to two years. A similar effect is produced by radiation therapy of focal affection of the brain in cases of oat-cell cancer. PMID- 7324659 TI - [Phenocopy of hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Konovalov disease)]. AB - For differentiating between hepatocerebral dystrophy (HCD) and its phenotypic analogues 70 patients with diseases of the subcortical ganglia and the cerebellum were examined. Some signs pathognostic of HCD (a transient drop of the ceruloplasmin level in the serum, a slight rise of the copper content in the hepatic tissue, subclinical signs of a hepatic pathology) may be encountered, though rarely, also in diseases of the subcortical ganglia and the cerebellum of other etiology. In obscure cases the diagnosis can be made clear only after carrying out a full complex of examinations, such as, revealing Kaiser-Fleischer rings, carrying out functional, radioisotopic and morphological examinations (by puncture biopsy) of the liver and determining the copper level in the latter. In patients with affections of the subcortical ganglia and the cerebellum, the liver is involved rather infrequently; the disturbances are of a subclinical character and can be classed with manifestation of drug disease, the extremes of which are fatty dystrophy and more frequently nonspecific changes. PMID- 7324660 TI - [Pathohistological characteristics of hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Konovalov disease)]. PMID- 7324661 TI - [Pathogenesis and diagnosis of progressive neuromuscular diseases]. AB - On the basis of literary data and his own observations the author discusses the mechanisms of the development of progressing muscular dystrophies and methods of their diagnosis. A critical analysis of the principal modern concepts of the origin of the progressing myodystrophies (the myogenic, membrane, vascular, connective-tissue, and neurogenic ones) is presented. The results of biochemical diagnostic tests are summed up, and the importance of examining various enzymes for the verification of the disease early stages is stressed. PMID- 7324662 TI - [Analysis of the polymorphism of primary myopathies with recessive X-linked inheritance]. AB - The author compared the results of his own observations of primary myopathies with recessive X-chromosome-linked inheritance and the data on this problem published in word literature. Three contrasting groups of those myopathies differing in the localization of the muscle affection were revealed. In the author's opinion, these three groups constitute the core of the clinical polymorphism of the X-linked myopathies. PMID- 7324663 TI - [Electromyographic and morphological analysis of the changes in the motor units in myasthenia, combined myasthenia with thymoma and polymyositis and terminal polyneuropathy with myasthenic syndrome]. AB - Changes of the activity potentials of motor units and muscular fibres registered with the aid of needle electrodes are compared with the results of morphological examinations of biopsy specimens of 1,096 muscles taken from 137 patients with myasthenia, combinations of myasthenia with thymoma and polymyositis, as well as from patients with terminal polyneuropathy with the myasthenic syndrome. It has been shown that characteristic of myasthenia are differentiated changes of the motor unit activity potentials: in half of the muscles examined the parameters of those potentials were found to be normal, no polyphasic or protracted potentials were observed. In the patient with combinations of myasthenia with thymoma, polymyositis, and in terminal polyneuropathy with the myasthenic syndrome pronounced changes of all the activity potentials of the motor units were observed in the form of both a sharp shortening and a prolongation of their duration; a great number of polyphasic potentials was registered and spontaneous activity of various degree was observed. Morphological examinations of 55 biopsy specimens of the muscles of the same patients revealed a correlation between the degree of the dystrophic and atrophic changes of the muscular fibres and depth of the affection as determined on the basis of electromyographic findings. PMID- 7324664 TI - [Electromyographic characteristics of the neuromuscular disorders in botulism]. AB - The total bioelectrical activity of the muscles of the upper extremities as well as the neuromuscular transmission were examined in 30 patients with botulism at various stages of the disease. A picture of low-amplitude interference electromyogram was revealed. The results of stimulation electromyography pointed to a peculiar disorder of the neuromuscular transmission associated with a defect in the mediator release. Dynamic clinical and electromyographic observations pointed to a long period of the motor function restoration in convalescents. PMID- 7324665 TI - [Use of an adenyl preparation for treating neuralgic amyotrophy]. AB - The authors suggest that adenyl should be included into the therapeutic combination used for treating patients suffering from neural amyotrophy. The drug is to be injected intramuscularly twice a day for a month. Observations of 24 patients showed that in 23 of them positive changes could be noted. These changes manifested not only in a subjective, but also in a distinct objective increase of the muscular force and motor potentialities, and even in appearance of weak tendon reflexes in some cases. No side effects were observed. PMID- 7324666 TI - [Clinical aspects of the residual disturbances in a favorable course of obsessive neurosis]. AB - Using the clinico-catamnestic method the authors examined residual neurotic states in 36 patients with a history of obsessional neurosis. The residual neurotic disorders manifested psychopathologically in the form of isolated rudiments of the obsessive-phobic syndrome combined frequently with some effaced vegetative, asthenic, and affective disturbances. Despite their inertness and many-year persistence the residual neurotic disorders showed a tendency to subsidence. Clinical differentiation between the residual states on the one hand, and neurotic development, slowly-progressing schizophrenia, and cyclothymia with obsessions on the other was carried out. PMID- 7324667 TI - [Patient catamnesis in neuroses with systemic somatic disorders]. AB - Using the clinico-catamnestic method (supplemented with some laboratory examinations) the author observed 126 patients with neuroses, in the clinical picture of which systemic disorders were prevalent. It was found that among patients with the neuroses accompanied with vegetative dystonia and cardiac disturbances those suffering from neurasthenia were predominant, while among patients with neurotic respiratory and gastrointestinal disturbances most were suffering from hysteria. In the latter patients a great variability of the neurotic syndromes was noted. Pathogenetic psychotherapy of that pathology appeared to be sufficiently effective: 75.4% of the patients recovered or showed a stable improvement. Any direct participation of the neurotic somatic disorders in development of organic impairments in the respective somatic systems was not revealed. PMID- 7324668 TI - [Types of personality reactions in children and adolescents with hysterical disorders]. AB - Results of clinical and catamnestic examinations of 108 children aged 5 to 10 years with diagnoses of hysterical reactions, hysterical states, and hysterical type of development are presented. An analysis of anamnestic data revealed factors of increased risk that contributed to the dysharmonic development of the individuals suffering from hysterical neurosis. Forms of personal hysterical responses, such as, hysterical, hysteroasthenic, hystero-explosive, and hystero phobic ones, are classified. It has been found that the hysterical forms of the response result from complicated interactions of the psychic trauma, the peculiarities of the premorbid state, the child's education and somatic state. PMID- 7324669 TI - [Dynamics of the psychopathy-like disturbances in patients with a history of head injury]. AB - As a result of long-time examination of 306 patients with a history of craniocerebral injuries some variants of the psychopathy-like syndrome, such as, asthenic, explosive, hyperthymic and apathic ones, were revealed. In addition, a hyperthymic variant with a moral defect and the same variant with hypersocial behaviour are described. The patients' behaviour and social adaptation and dysadaptation are determined to a great extent by the peculiarities of the clinical picture of one or another variant of the psychopathy-like syndrome. PMID- 7324670 TI - [Characteristics of the EEG and systemic activity in classical phenylketonuria]. AB - The author examined the EEGs of 10 patients suffering from classic phenylketonuria. The following peculiarities were discovered: a) changes of the basic EEG rhythms which are regarded nowadays as genetically determined ones; b) the less marked individual character of the EEG (typical for normal), the deeper the defect; c) changes of the EEG accompanying the system activity of the brain. PMID- 7324671 TI - [Psychopathology of acute organophosphorus compound poisonings]. AB - Under examination there were 65 patients with poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides (thiophos, carbophos, chlorophos). The leading psychotic symptoms in these intoxications were psychovegetative, psychovestibular and hyperkinetic ones, which transformed into each other, as the poisoning progressed. The therapeutic applications of atropine led to development of a drug psychosis resembling the oneiroid syndrome. While making the diagnostic differentiation between the latter and the psychosis due to the poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides one should take into account the clinical and laboratory findings. PMID- 7324672 TI - [Dynamics of the mental disturbances in primary biliary liver cirrhosis with allowance for a hemosorption procedure]. AB - The authors followed the time course of the psychic disturbances in 37 patients with primary biliary liver cirrhosis who received hemosorption as part of the combined therapy. The peculiarities of the psychic disturbances and their time course before and after the hemosorption were specified. It was found that after the hemosorption a regression of asthenoneurotic disturbances took place. However, the characteristic changes and elements of the psychoorganic syndrome developed in the course of the disease showed no positive dynamics. PMID- 7324673 TI - [Clinicopsychological study of the "internal picture of the disease" in neuroses in the process of their psychotherapy]. AB - Using clinical and experimental psychological methods a number of characteristics of the disease insight was studied in 72 patients with neuroses. An analysis of the time course of the patients' attitude to their disease and treatment has enabled the author to disclose the peculiarities of understanding the disease cause by the patients as a criterion of psychotherapy efficacy. The most characteristic variants of psychological defence in various forms of the neuroses, as well as the inner personal conflicts in the patients and their self estimation are described. On the basis of the data obtained peculiarities of the psychotherapeutic strategy contributing to improvement of the therapy efficacy are indicated. PMID- 7324674 TI - [Social psychology study of group psychotherapy in neuroses]. AB - Three groups of patients with neuroses (30 patients as a total) were examined in the process of group psychotherapy. The examinations revealed a close interconnection between some personality peculiarities on the one hand, difficulties in social functioning, disturbances in the somatic and emotional spheres, adequacy of understanding the disease cause, compensation and decompensation by the patients, level of the motivation for the treatment, and time course of all these factors in the process of the group psychotherapy on the other. A comparative analysis of the groups has confirmed the hypothesis that the efficacy of the treatment by the group psychotherapy method depends on the level of the socio-psychological development of the patients constituting one or another group. PMID- 7324675 TI - [Night sleep in patients with the alcohol abstinence syndrome against a background of detoxification therapy]. AB - Polygraphic records of night sleep taken in 10 alcoholics for three days after the cessation of the alcohol intake showed the following disorders: a disturbance of the sleep cyclic organization, a sleep fragmentation, a considerable prolongation of the drowsiness (stage I), a sharp reduction of the delta-sleep stages. One to two weeks after the abstinence onset stage I was still too long, and the delta-sleep stage remained shorter than normal, despite a clinical improvement and cessation of complaints. PMID- 7324676 TI - [Nosological category of "progressive ophthalmoplegic myopathy" (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7324677 TI - [Transient cerebral circulatory disorders in patients having sustained an ischemic stroke]. AB - On the basis of analyzing the clinical picture of the disease in 81 patients with cerebral atherosclerosis the authors come to a conclusion that the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances exhibited by these patients after an ischemic stroke were usually due to a combined affection of the carotid and the vertebrobasilar arteries. In all these patients the ischemic focus was localized in the brain hemispheres within the basin of the median or posterior cerebral arteries and manifested in moderate focal symptoms. The disturbances usually arose some months or years after the stroke, and pointed, as a rule, to an insufficiency of the circulation in the brain trunk. The appearance of the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances after an ischemic stroke may be, probably, a consequence and manifested in moderate focal symptoms. The disturbances usually arose some months or years after the stroke, and pointed, as a rule, to an insufficiency of the circulation in the brain trunk. The appearance of the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances after an ischemic stroke may be, probably, a consequence and manifested in moderate focal symptoms. The disturbances usually arose some months or years after the stroke, and pointed, as a rule, to an insufficiency of the circulation in the brain trunk. The appearance of the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances after an ischemic stroke may be, probably, a consequence of a circulatory decompensation resulting from progressing atherosclerotic changes of the cerebral vessels, or may be due to a cerebrovascular insufficiency because of arterial pressure fluctuations or a cardiac disease. PMID- 7324678 TI - [Prognostic value of different clinical symptoms in transient circulatory disorders in the vertebro-basilar system]. AB - ON the basis of analyzing the clinical picture of the disease in 280 patients suffering from atherosclerosis with transitory disturbances of the circulation in the vertebrobasilar system the author comes to a conclusion that in patients with truncal strokes the clinical picture usually includes symptoms of preceding transitory ischemic episodes. In patients with an ischemic lesion in the basin of the posterior cerebral arteries, the lesion localization and the preceding transitory cerebral circulation disturbances are usually not in agreement: the episodes are characterized by a considerable polymorphism and not infrequently point to a circulatory insufficiency in the arteries of the truncal or the carotid systems. the character, frequency, duration, and number of episodes are of no decisive diagnostic importance as regards the possibility of an ischemic stroke development. One can only speak of a more favourable course of the disease in patients with attacks of systemic dizziness, and of a less favourable course in patients with attacks of unconsciousness and transitory global amnesia. PMID- 7324679 TI - [Transient cerebral circulatory disorders caused by an aneurysm of the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery]. AB - A 56-year-old male patient showed numerous episodes of transitory disturbances of the cerebral circulation for a period of 12 years. The disturbances were localized in the left hemisphere. At operation a large and partially thrombosed aneurysm was discovered in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery. The aneurysm was discovered in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery. The aneurym was excised, and the artery ligated. For 10 years after the operation the patient has been showing no cerebral circulation disturbances. This observation shows that the transitory cerebral circulation disturbances may be caused by periodic embolism of the median cerebral artery by thrombotic aggregates getting from an aneurysm in the cervical division of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7324680 TI - [Extracranial reactive hemihyperemia and its diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7324681 TI - [Periarteritis of the carotid siphon (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, painful ophthalmoplegia)]. AB - A detailed clinical analysis of 5 cases of Tolos-Hunt's syndrome is presented, and the most characteristic diagnostic signs and the peculiarities of the clinical syndrome formation are described. These signs and peculiarities are: regular presence (from the very beginning) of the symptoms of involvement of the carotid artery sympathetic plexus and absence of any other symptoms on the part of the brain stem, the hemispheres, and the meninges. Since this syndrome can be simulated by a number of other organic diseases and primarily, by an infraclinoid aneurysm, the use of carotid angiography is obligatory in all cases. No connection between the disease onset and any local or systemic inflammatory process was discovered. The positive effect from the application of corticosteroids should not be regarded as a diagnostic criterion. Instead of the names "Tolos-Hunt's syndrome" and "pain ophthalmoplegia" the terms "Tolos-Hunt's" periarteritis of the carotid siphon" or "Tolos-Hunt's disease" are suggested. PMID- 7324682 TI - [Participation of the thyroid gland in the mechanism of development of cerebral circulatory disorders (clinico-experimental study)]. AB - Experiments on 30 rabbits, as well as clinical studies on 180 patients with cerebral circulation disorders were carried out. It was found that in patients with hypertensive disease complication, thyroid hyperactivity was observed only in the age group of 35 to 45 years. It was also found that in the patients with hypertensive disease and the complications of the latter, repeated stresses intensified the neurosecretory functions of the hypophysis and the hypothalamus: this, in its turn, influenced the hormone-synthetizing function of the thyroid. The chronic hyperthyroid syndrome present in those patients led to an increased oxygen consumption by tissues, slowed down the electron transport along the respiratory chain, increased the content of iodine and protein, and intensified the effects of pressor agents, i. e. aggravated the symptoms of the hypertensive disease. All those factors play a definite role in the mechanism of the development of the cerebral circulation disorders in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7324683 TI - [Cerebral circulatory disorders in septic endocarditis]. AB - Data of clinical examinations of 54 patients suffering from septic endocarditis are presented. Under examination there were patients admitted for this disease to a city hospital within a 5-year period. In 10 patients, the septic endocarditis was complicated with cerebral circulation disorders of the type of thromboembolism, subarachnoidal and hemispheral hemorrhages, mixed stroke, and cerebral vasculitis. Sometimes the cerebral circulation disorders preceded the development of septic endocarditis, and in such cases the diagnosis was difficult, especially in elderly patients with symptoms of cardiac insufficiency of other etiology. In such patients, the disease could be diagnosed correctly when the cerebral circulation disorder developed in the presence of a general infection (with fever, chills, and blood picture changes) and there were indications of frequently repeated thromboembolisms. PMID- 7324684 TI - [Functional status of the small intestine in patients with cerebral circulatory disorders (clinico-radiologic study)]. PMID- 7324685 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in patients with cerebrovascular pathology]. AB - The microvascular network of the labial mucosa and the nail bed, as well as the rheological properties of the blood were examined in 132 patients with various forms of cerebral circulation disorders. It was shown that the patients with the cerebrovascular pathology had organic changes of the capillaries. At the same time a hyperreactivity of the microvessels was observed. This hyperreactivity was more marked in patients with initial forms of the cerebrovascular disturbances. In the patients examined an increased permeability of te capillaries for protein and water was revealed: this increase was found to correlate with the disease gravity. Along with the vascular changes the patients also showed disturbances of the blood rheological properties. These disturbances manifested in an increased viscosity of the blood (especially at low shear speeds) and an increased aggregation of erythrocytes. It was also found that not only the erythrocyte aggregation, but also the strength of the aggregates formed were increased: this correlated well with the disease gravity. PMID- 7324686 TI - [Correlation between clinical findings and indices of stimulation electromyography in the acute stage of strokes]. AB - In 33 patients with the acute stage of a cerebral stroke the function of the spinal centres was examined by the stimulation electromyography method. The H reflex of the sural muscle and the late responses of the hand and foot muscles were determined in patients with truncal and hemispheric lesions on the 1st-2nd, 3d-12th, and 13th-18th days of the disease. In the patients with hemispheric lesions an increased excitability of mononeurons was on the 1st-2nd days only on the contralateral side, while in the patients with truncal lesions this symptom was bilateral: this correlated with the bilateral motor disturbances. Beginning from the 3d-5th day, as muscular hypotonicity developed the mononeuron excitability in the patients with the hemispheric lesions increased on the homolateral, and decreased on the contralateral side, while in the patients with the truncal lesions the depression of the excitability of the spinal centres was bilateral. On the 14th-18th days of the disease the excitability of the spinal centres returned to normal in the patients with the hemispheric lesions, while in those with the brain trunk involvement it still remained increased. PMID- 7324687 TI - [Use of computation methods for tabular differential diagnosis of obturational and non-obturational brain infarcts during the first 5 days of a stroke]. PMID- 7324688 TI - [Compressed spectral EEG analysis in patients with consciousness disorders complicating stroke]. AB - In 26 patients with stroke accompanied by consciousness disorders, 48 monitoring recordings of compressed spectral array of EEG were performed by means of computerised real-time fast Fourier transformation of initial EEG with digital assay of total spectral power and percentage of frequency components in the brain hemispheres. Bilateral increase in the total spectral power and in slow-wave spectral components correlated with diffuse alterations in the initial EEG. 3 types of spectrograms were distinguished in accordance with the degree of consciousness disorders. Possibilities and prospects for application of the new method in patients with stroke are discussed. PMID- 7324689 TI - [Structure of intracortical connections at different stages of normal development, in hysterical psychopathy and in schizophrenia]. PMID- 7324690 TI - [Dynamics of delusions during the late stages of paranoid schizophrenia]. AB - Under examination there were 100 patients with paranoid schizophrenia who had reached an old age. In all the patients signs of delusion reduction were observed at the late stages of the disease. It was shown that most delusional disorders tended to transform into residual ones and to become peculiar manifestations of the derangement. Against this background it was actual delusional experiences that persisted most frequently. More and more place in their structure took psychopathological elements that reflected various aspects of the ageing of the patients' psychosis. PMID- 7324691 TI - [Mental disorders in the late stages of cranio-cerebral injuries (based on the results of an epidemiologic study)]. AB - An epidemiological examination of a representative group of 334 patients with late sequelae of craniocerebral injuries was carried out. The patients were selected from those registered at psychoneurological dispensaries of a large city. On the basis of the examination results various types of the course of the post-traumatic psychic disorders were specified, and so were dominating syndromes (asthenic, psychopathic, deficit-type and endomorphous). The peculiarities of their clinical picture formation and time course are shown with indication to factors playing the pathogenetic role. The importance of some psychopathological complexes in the genesis and prognosis of the patients antisocial behaviour is noted. Recommendations concerning medical and social prophylactic and therapeutic measures are substantiated. PMID- 7324692 TI - [Interhemispheric functional relationships in chronic alcoholism]. AB - The authors examined the functional interhemispheric relations in chronic alcoholics by registering evoked potentials. It was found that in those subjects the information processing was considerably delayed in both hemispheres, however, this delay was more marked in the right hemisphere. In this hemisphere also the magnitude of the evoked response was lowered, this lowering being statistically significant. On the basis of the prolongation of the latent period and the diminution of the amplitude of the P300 wave in the right hemisphere the authors conclude that in chronic alcoholics the interhemispheric relations are changed due to an impairment of the right hemisphere functioning. PMID- 7324693 TI - [Interhemispheric relations in chronic alcoholism]. AB - The time of perceiving literal stimuli, as well as the time of the reaction to the latter were determined in chronic alcoholics and in healthy subjects. The stimuli were offered unilaterally to the left and the right field of vision using the reverse masking method. In the healthy subjects the time of perceiving the literal stimuli was shorter when the letter was presented to the left field of vision, i. e. the information entering directly the right hemisphere was processed more rapidly. The alcoholics showed an inversion of the normal interhemispheric relations because of the impairment of right hemisphere functions, i. e. the time of perceiving the letters was longer in the left than in the right field of vision. No differences between the hemispheres as regards the time of the reaction were revealed. In the alcoholics the process of decision taking was found to be greatly slowed down. PMID- 7324694 TI - [Various factors common to the pathogenesis of endogenous depression and chronic alcoholism]. AB - A test with dexamethasone was performed in 52 patients with endogenous depression, 35 chronic alcoholics, and 85 healthy individuals. In the patients with the depression the test was pathological (inhibition in 19%), and in chronic alcoholics abnormal but to a lesser degree (44%). In the healthy subjects the inhibition was 64%. In periods of remissions the test was normal in all the persons examined. A treatment with tryptophan, DOPA and phenazepam increased the degree of the inhibition. On the basis of these findings, as well as proceeding from literary data it was supposed that the disturbance of the inhibition of corticosteroid secretion by dexamethasone was due to a deficit of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, since serotonin directly stimulates the secretion of the corticotropin-releasing factor, but at the same time intensifies the inhibitory action of glucocorticoids on its secretion. These results, as well as the literary data of the existence of a genetic connection between endogenous depression and chronic alcoholism in a number of cases give one grounds to assume that in patients with endogenous depression and in a part of chronic alcoholics the predisposition to the disease is associated with some common, hereditarily determined defects of the metabolism of biogenic amines in the brain. PMID- 7324695 TI - [Effect of hyperventilation on depression of the EEG alpha rhythm caused by a suggested visual image]. AB - An induction of an imagined visual sensation with the eyes closed can be regarded as a form of self-suggestion in the state of wakefulness. On receiving an instruction on imagining a visual sensation most healthy persons show a sharp weakening of disappearance of the alpha-rhythm depression on the EEG (in distinction from subjects who have not had hyperventilation). These findings point to an importance of using electroencephalography in combination with hyperventilation in psychotherapeutic practice for objective estimation of the effect of suggestion in wakefulness. PMID- 7324696 TI - [Dynamics of psychopathologic disorders in neuroinfectious diseases]. AB - Data of dynamic observations of 212 patients with psychic disturbances of the neuroinfectious genesis are presented. The authors analyzed 1696 admissions, or 8 admissions per each patient. The analysis revealed a number of regularities in the alternation of the psychopathological syndromes on repeated admissions. These regularities were found to depend on the initial symptoms, the patient's age, and the character of additional exacerbation-provoking pathogenetic factors. A tendency to copying the initial psychopathological disturbances was revealed. PMID- 7324697 TI - Gel mapping of wheat and lupin tRNAs. AB - Transfer RNAs were isolated from plants representing mono- and dicotyledons: wheat embryos and lupin seeds. The two tRNA preparations were compared by polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis mapping. Transfer RNAs extracted from the separated spots were tested for acceptance of 11 amino acids. Comparison of electrophoretic mobility of respective tRNA species indicates the overall similarity of tRNA populations in the two plants studied. Especially, isoaccepting tRNAs for glycine, tyrosine and valine and some of isoacceptors of tRNAArg, tRNAAsp, tRNALeu, tRNALys and tRNAPhe occupy identical or closely similar positions on both polyacrylamide-gel maps. However, some tRNA isoacceptors from one population have no counterparts in the second one, which may indicate differences in their primary structures. PMID- 7324698 TI - Stimulatory effect of hnRNA on template activity of isolated rat liver chromatin. AB - Transcription of chromatin isolated from rat liver with E. coli RNA polymerase was stimulated up to five-fold with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) from rat liver. The transcription product had features of DNA-primed RNA. Neither cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA nor high or low molecular weight cytoplasmic poly(A)-lacking RNA from rat liver exhibited stimulation of transcription. The stimulatory effect seems to be confined to middle repetitive sequences of hnRNA. With purified DNA templates, addition of hnRNA resulted in complete inhibition of transcription. The stimulatory effect of hnRNA on chromatin transcription was also observed with endogenous RNA polymerase. This effect was dependent ionic strength and was most pronounced under conditions optimal for RNA-polymerase B activity. PMID- 7324700 TI - Net DNA synthesis catalysed by calf thymus DNA polymerase beta. AB - 1. The amounts of deoxynucleotides incorporated during an extensive replication by DNA polymerase alpha into poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18 and damaged DNA containing 2.5 incisions per molecule and 3.7% single-stranded DNA, corresponded to the amounts of non-complexed poly(dA) and single-stranded fraction of DNA, respectively. The amounts of the corresponding DNA polymerase beta products were several times higher. In the case of activated DNA they exceeded input DNA. The DNA polymerase beta reaction on this template was continued till substrate exhaustion. 2. The reaction of DNA polymerase beta with activated DNA, leading to net DNA synthesis, was template-directed, required Mg2+ and four deoxynucleoside triphosphates; was not inhibited by DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors, but was sensitive to 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate. The DNA product was completely digestable by DNAse I and showed a base ratio typical of calf thymus DNA. 3. The essential difference in the reaction mechanism between DNA polymerase alpha and beta suggests the ability of the latter enzyme to synthesize DNA with displacement of the non-replicated strand. PMID- 7324699 TI - Catabolism of desialylated glycoproteins during carcinogenesis and inflammation in rats. AB - Experiments were performed on rats injected with a malignant hepatoma (evoked by aflatoxin B1) or with inflammation induced by turpentine injection. On the 4th or 8th day after the injection, the following determinations were made: concentration of seromucoid, haptoglobin, sialic acid and fucose in blood serum; binding of asialo-glycoproteins by liver extracts; elimination of asialo [125I]haptoglobin and asialo-[125I]orosomucoid from circulation. It was found that hepatoma and inflammation affected neither the activity of liver receptors for asialo-glycoproteins, nor the rate of asialo-glycoprotein elimination from circulation. PMID- 7324701 TI - Comparative Studies on non-histone chromatin proteins from calf and rat pancreas. AB - 1. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed some slight quantitative species dependent differences in total non-histone chromatin proteins and nuclear phosphoproteins (phenol-soluble fraction of non-histone chromatin proteins) but no differences in the DNA-binding non-histone proteins. 2. Comparative studies on DNA and RNA content, and amino acid composition of nuclear phosphoproteins and DNA-binding non-histone proteins of pancreas demonstrated a striking similarity between the two species studied. PMID- 7324702 TI - The interaction of metal ions with nucleic acids. A nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time study of the copper(II)-inosine 5'-monophosphate system in solution. AB - The nature of binding between copper ions and inosine 5'-monophosphate was studied using 13C, 1H, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The results imply that at least two species are present in the solution with the metal to ligand ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (termed, respectively, ML and ML2); however, the ML complex predominates in the Cu(II)-IMP system. The results indicate that the copper ions bind directly to two different sites on the inosine ring i.e., to N7 and to N1. The distribution of the species MLRP7 and MLRP1 is nearly equal. The relative dipolar and scalar contributions to the proton and carbon-13 transverse relaxation have been assessed. PMID- 7324703 TI - Translation in vitro of ribonucleic acids from potato virus X, potato virus M and white clover mosaic virus. AB - Ribonucleic acids from three plant viruses: potato virus X (PVX), potato virus M (PVM) and white clover mosaic virus (WClMV) have been purified and used as messengers in a wheat germ cell-free system. It was demonstrated that each of these viruses contained heavy genomic RNA species of mol. wt. about 2 x 10(6), which appeared to be very efficient templates for protein synthesis in vitro. The synthesis of high-molecular-weight polypeptides: 180 x 10(3), 190 x 10(3) and 170 x 10(3) was directed by PVX, PVM and WClMV RNAs, respectively. None of the polypeptides directed by any of the RNAs studied corresponded to the coat proteins. PMID- 7324704 TI - Spreading of red blood cell suspensions on paper as a simple test of cell deformability. AB - Spreading of red blood cells on paper is a simple and rapid measure of erythrocyte deformability. It requires a small number of cells and is accurate enough to be applied to studies of deformability alterations caused by heat damage, metabolic depletion or storage of the cells. It is suggested as a test of red blood cell viability. PMID- 7324705 TI - Disproportional loss of membrane constituents in the course of erythrocyte aging. AB - Acetylcholine esterase activity and sialic acid content were estimated in human erythrocytes separated according to their densities and after fragmentation in vitro by heating or a combined hyperosmolaric-mechanical stress. In vivo aged cells showed a disproportional loss of both membrane constituents. Fragmentation of erythrocytes in vitro resulted in a proportional loss of acetylcholine esterase activity and sialic acid. Young cells are more prone to fragmentation by heat than older ones. PMID- 7324706 TI - The effect of ionic strength on cell volume, cell pH and cellular buffer capacity in human red blood cells. AB - The effect of ionic strength on the properties of high molecular weight molecules in human red cells is described. The ionic strength was varied by dialysis of freshly drawn red cells against various KCl solutions in the presence of the ionophore nystatin. Nystatin increased the membrane permeability rather unspecifically towards both monovalent cat- and anions. The membrane permeability towards molecules with an Stokes-Einstein radius of more than 4 A was unaltered. With increasing ionic strength the cellular pH and the cellular volume increased, while the cellular buffer capacity decreased. The variation of the chloride distribution ratio with pH at various KCl concentrations is given in a tabulated form. PMID- 7324707 TI - The electric potential across the erythrocyte membrane: a mathematical model. AB - The space-dependent electric potential of erythrocyte membranes is determined on the basis of a mathematical model which takes into account the membrane surface charges of glycophorine A, spectrin and phosphatidyl serine. The calculations are performed by numerical integration of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann-equation. PMID- 7324708 TI - Evidence for a carrier-mediated exchange-diffusion entry of calcium into erythrocytes. AB - The enthalpy of activation of entry of 45Ca into erythrocytes under conditions of zero net transport (19 Kcal/mol), inhibition of entry by N-ethylmaleimide, and transport pH optimum of 7 - 7.5 are consistent with a protein carrier for inward calcium movement. Initial rate analysis shows saturation kinetics and transstimulation, consistent with a carrier-mediated exchange-diffusion mechanism. PMID- 7324709 TI - [Production of primary cells cultures by a semi-industrial technic. II. Use of active trypsin solutions for effective cell yields]. AB - For effective cell yields in semi-industrial production of primary cell suspensions, the use of trypsin solutions with high enzyme activity has been proved to be an essential requirement. Enzyme solutions with a constant high activity may be obtained by using an optimal filtration method. Filtration results using the deep and membrane filtration method to sterilize trypsin solutions are demonstrated and discussed. A number of trypsin samples taken from the "Leidholdt-Firm" were tested concerning cell yields in the so-called 'Biomix Procedure'. A correlation could be shown to exist between enzyme activity and cell yield. The so tested trypsin-L-samples out of the years 1976/78 were proved to be first-rate preparations for routine production of primary piglet and calf kidney cell cultures. PMID- 7324710 TI - Parasympathetic influence on electrical vulnerability in the atrial myocardium of the rabbit. AB - Repetitive activity of the isolated rabbit atrium was induced by trains of premature stimuli. Analyzing the interval-histograms of the recorded atrial action potentials a quantitative description of this arrhythmia is demonstrated. An atrial flutter or fibrillation is evoked 110 to 140 ms after a regular driving pulse. Vagal stimulation increases the electrical vulnerability. The degree of arrhythmia was found to be dependent on the frequency of stimulation. During increased vagal activity premature stimuli applied 40 to 190 ms after a regular driving pulse generate arrhythmias. By vagal stimulation a preexisting arrhythmia is converted into an atrial fibrillation. In spite of a constant pacing, the atrial arrhythmia disappears at atrial masses of below 55 mg if initiated by early coupled beats. During an application of acetylcholine this critical mass is reduced. PMID- 7324711 TI - [Isoelectric behavior of oxyhemoglobin]. AB - This paper presents changes of the isoelectric behaviour of hemoglobin depending on the ionic strength and the buffer system. With increasing ionic strength the isoelectric point of oxy-hemoglobin changes to lower pH-values. The isoelectric function of oxy-hemoglobin is different in various buffer systems. PMID- 7324712 TI - The influence of procaine and cholesterol on the temperature dependent sedimentation behaviour of individual human erythrocytes. AB - Temperature dependent sedimentation measurements of individual human erythrocytes showed an anomaly near 20 degrees C in physiological medium at pH 7,4 [2,3]. Results of investigations on the influence of procaine and cholesterol on the sedimentation behaviour are presented. The results suggest a correlation to the thermotropic properties of membrane lipids. PMID- 7324713 TI - [Effect of osmolarity and pH of the medium on the density of red blood cells of newborns and adults]. AB - The influence of osmolarity and pH-value of a buffered saline glucose solution (BSG) on the density of red blood cells (RBC) of human newborns and adults were tested. The median density of RBC increases with increasing osmolarity by 1.2 mg/ml cells per 10 mosmol/l increase of osmolarity. This holds true for newborns and adults. The median density of RBC increases with increasing pH. The density of RBC of newborns increases by 5.7 mg/ml cells per one pH-unit increase, the density of RBC of adults increases by about 10.3 mg/ml cells per one pH-unit increase. These differences are probably caused by different physical-chemical properties of HbF and HbA. PMID- 7324714 TI - [Simple technic for the specific detection of the protective effectiveness of bacterial antigens]. AB - A simple method is given for the specific proof of protective immunogenicity of bacterial antigens. Antibody-antigen-complexes isolated by immunoelectrophoresis are applied for immunization of mice. The subsequent challenge with live virulent bacteria gives information about the protective immunity of the mice. When using that technique, special isolation and purification of the antigens is not necessary. PMID- 7324715 TI - [A new method for correction of hypospadias]. PMID- 7324716 TI - Effect of pyelonephritis during pregnancy on mother and fetus. AB - Pyelonephritis during pregnancy was found to have a higher incidence when the patient's history contained some indication of an earlier renal disease. Pregnancy associated with chronic nephritis has to be interrupted in the first trimester as the particular conditions of pregnancy predispose to pyelonephritis. Provided pregnancy pyelonephritis is diagnosed and treated early enough the incidence of intrauterine fetal death, premature, birth and perinatal fetal loss will not be higher than the average, but developmental retardation has a slightly higher incidence. The degree of renal disturbance not only increase the probability of pyelonephritis but also the damage suffered by the mother and fetus. The prevention of inflammatory renal and appropriate treatment of inflammatory renal diseases and the constant control of the patient is the task of prenatal and nephrological care, so as to avoid early and late complications. PMID- 7324717 TI - [Surgical treatment of ureterectasia]. AB - Ureterectasia can be congenital (mega-ureter) or acquired (hydro-ureter). Mega ureters can be of reflux and non-reflux (obstructive) type. The essence of primary non-reflux mega-ureters is the presence of a prevesical adynamic segment which causes functional obstruction. The musculature of this segment is abnormal in both function and structure. A surgical solution of the malformation is recommended mainly in children and young adults. In 10 years, 17 patients were subjected to 22 operations. After removal of the obstructive segment and straightening of the ureter, it was implanted into the vesicle through an intravesical tunnel. With the exception of two cases where nephrectomy had to be done and a case with persisting reflux, the other operations were successful. Narrowing of the ureter was not done. Ureteral neo-implantation is preferred to Boari's operation. Isolated pelvis ureters are operated only in the case of complications. PMID- 7324718 TI - A new method for the removal of renal staghorn calculi. PMID- 7324719 TI - [Closure of tympanic perforations with low-energy He- Ne-laser irradiation]. PMID- 7324720 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the prostate]. PMID- 7324721 TI - [Plasma levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol in acute subrenal kidney failure]. AB - The plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were determined in patients with acute subrenal kidney failure. Like in chronic uraemia, the levels were higher than normal. The findings were confirmed in animal experiments which showed that the plasma lipid fractions will rise after a single day of bilateral renal occlusion and the rise is proportional to the duration of the occlusion. The lipid levels remain higher than in the controls for some time after relief of the occlusion. PMID- 7324722 TI - [Measures and registration of the extent of joint motion by means of the S.F.T.R. method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324724 TI - [Surgical procedures in limbs of unequal length (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324723 TI - [Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica]. PMID- 7324725 TI - [Adolescent's coxa vara--an attempt towards an etiological view and the possible explanation of endocrine effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324726 TI - [Congenital instability and dislocation of the hip joint. I. Incidence, etiology, treatment and prognosis]. PMID- 7324727 TI - [Oscillometric assessment of the peripheral circulation in coxarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324729 TI - [Treatment of coxarthrosis by resection of the capsule, as described by Gade (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324728 TI - [Testing the vitality of the head of the femur by means of the femur head puncture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324730 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the so-called plica syndrome of the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324731 TI - [Long-term results after operations of hallux valgus according to Dega (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324732 TI - [Our experience with conservative treatment of pes equinovarus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324733 TI - [About causative factors in spontaneous sternoclavicular subluxation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324734 TI - [About surgical treatment of osteitis and osteomyelitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324735 TI - [Experiences with anticoagulant treatment in fractures of the proximal part of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324736 TI - [Spontaneous fractures of the neck of the femur in osteoporosis due to repeated dialyses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324737 TI - [Experience with treatment of osteoporosis with Ossin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324738 TI - [The occurrence of Perthes disease in African patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324739 TI - Complications to subtotal parathyroidectomy. AB - Seventy-three patients were operated on for confirmed hyperparathyroidism. Identification of all glands was done by 1/3 biopsies for histopathologic examination on frozen section during the operation. In cases of adenoma only, the adenoma was removed except for the biopsies. In cases of hyperplasia, subtotal resection was made, leaving between a half-gland and a whole gland. The frequency of complications was analysed. Temporary hypocalcemia occurred in a similar frequency in both adenoma and hyperplasia groups. Permanent hypocalcemia was present in only one patient. At follow-up 3-5 years after operation, 98.6% of the patients were normocalcemic. Ionized and total serum calcium were normalized 3 months after operation and remained so for the rest of the follow-up period. Serum phosphate, serum magnesium and serum parathormone also remained normal. Thus identification of parathyroid glands with biopsies or subtotal parathyroidectomy in cases with hyperplasia did not increase the risk of postoperative complications. PMID- 7324740 TI - Umbilical vein grafts and PTFE grafts for femoro-popliteal bypass. Preliminary results. AB - This retrospective, multiple-center study includes 172 PTFE (Gore-Tex) and 35 umbilical vein grafts (Bio-graft) used for femoro-popliteal bypass grafting. The one-year patency rate was approximately 63% in both groups. Until further experience is accumulated, autogenous saphenous vein should probably be the first choice for femoro-popliteal bypass grafting. Prosthetic grafts should preferably be used when the saphenous vein is absent or insufficient. PMID- 7324741 TI - Comparative influences of epidural and general anaesthesia on deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after total hip replacement. AB - In an investigation on deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, where neither dextran nor antithrombotic drug prophylaxis were employed, 30 patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly allotted to one of two groups receiving either epidural or general anaesthesia. The epidural group (n = 15) was given 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine (5 micrograms/ml) and this was prolonged into the postoperative period for pain relief. The general anaesthesia group (n = 15) was operated on under artificial ventilation with nitrous oxide/oxygen via an endotracheal tube and intravenously administered fentanyl and pancuronium bromide. In this group of patients narcotic analgesics (ketobemidone) were given intramuscularly on demand for pain relief postoperatively. The frequency of deep venous thrombosis involving the femoral veins, as observed at phlebography, was significantly lower in patients receiving continuous epidural block (3 of 15; 20%), than in those receiving general anaesthesia and parenteral analgesics postoperatively (11 of 15; 73%). Further, the frequency of pulmonary embolism, as determined by pulmonary perfusion lung scanning, was lower in patients receiving continuous epidural block (2 of 15) than in the general anaesthesia group (7 of 15). Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, including a hyperkinetic lower limb blood flow and lower fibrinolysis inhibition activity in patients given epidural block. Lower blood transfusion requirements in patients given epidural block might also play a role, as well as a "stabilizing" effect of local anaesthetics on platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. PMID- 7324742 TI - Splenectomy after blunt abdominal trauma. A retrospective study of 413 children. AB - Splenectomies performed in children aged 0-14 during the period 1968-1977 have been reviewed. In 413 cases traumatic rupture of the spleen had occurred. The trauma causing the rupture, preoperative examinations, operative findings and complications have been studied. Most frequently traffic accidents had caused the splenic rupture. Many ruptures were not bleeding at the time of operation. Consequently surgical repair saving the spleen had been possible in several cases. Splenectomized children have a significant increased risk of overwhelming sepsis. In this retrospective material 10 children (2.4%) developed sepsis within eight years. Five of these cases had a fatal outcome. The need for a more conservative attitude in children with splenic rupture is emphasized. PMID- 7324743 TI - Peritoneal fibrosis due to practolol. Scanning electron microscopical and histological observations. AB - Three cases of peritoneal fibrosis induced by the beta adrenoceptor blocking agent practolol are presented. Histological and scanning electron microscopical specimens showed a thick layer of loose connective tissue with collagen bundles and fibroblasts. No evidence of mesothelial cells with characteristic microvilli was found. The conclusion is drawn that the basic feature of practolol peritonitis is the destruction of the mesothelial membrane and a slowly progressive formation of loose connective tissue. The reason for the increased formation of connective tissue and the cause of the excessive activity of fibroblasts are discussed. PMID- 7324744 TI - Intravenous cholecystography is a reliable method in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. AB - To evaluate the reliability of intravenous cholecystography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, 186 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis were investigated. The contrast medium was administered as an intravenous infusion. The gall-bladder was not visualized in 110 patients (59%), suggesting acute cholecystitis. In 105 of these patients acute cholecystitis was confirmed at operation, or by a characteristic clinical course and/or oral cholecystography done later. There were 5 false positives; four of these patients were operated on, and proved to have other serious disease of the biliary tract. Filling of the gall-bladder was obtained in 76 cases (41%). One of these patients developed acute cholecystitis with perforation of the gall-bladder, diagnosed at laparotomy. In most other patients with filling of the gall-bladder diagnoses other than acute cholecystitis were verified. Intravenous cholecystography has proved highly reliable in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and can contribute to reducing the incidence of misdiagnosis. PMID- 7324745 TI - Biliary stone surgery. Results of exploration of the common bile duct in a small district hospital. AB - The results of a retrospective study of 228 patients undergoing exploration of the common bile duct at Bollnas Hospital between 1970 and 1979 are presented. Mortality was 5.3% in the whole material and 2.6% in non-jaundiced patients operated electively. Post-operative complications occurred in 86 of the 228 patients of which retained stones (12.7%) and wound infection (7.9%) predominated. Nine patients were re-explored due to haemorrhage or leakage of bile. There was no difference between consultants and registrars with regard to mortality or complications. PMID- 7324746 TI - Cimetidine treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer referred to a surgical clinic. AB - Fifty-seven patients with gastroscopically verified duodenal ulcer after being referred to a surgical department were treated with one gram of cimetidine daily for 4 weeks. Within the period of observation 6-16 months (median 9) there was indication for operation in 36 patients, 16 were free from symptoms and five had slight symptoms. Those with freedom from symptoms over a longer period all had gastroscopically verified ulcer healing at control gastroscopy following discontinuation of the treatment. Ulcers localized to the pyloric/pre-pyloric areas had a poorer symptomatic effect of treatment than those situated to the bulb. PMID- 7324747 TI - Effects of hemorrhagic shock on gastric blood flow and acid secretion in cats. AB - Anesthetized cats were cannulated and successively bled to arterial pressures of 100, 75 and 50 mmHg. The pressure was maintained at each level for 20 min. One group of animals was given 16 mu . kg-1 . h-1 of pentagastrin and another group 2 mg . kg-1 . h-1 of cimetidine throughout the experiment. Blood flow was determined by means of the microsphere distribution technique using spheres 14 +/ 1 micrometer in diameter. At each pressure level 15 min sample of gastric juice were collected. Twenty ml of saline was instilled into the stomach and withdrawn together with the gastric juice. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and enzymatic activity (LD, ASAT) of the gastric mucosa and blood pH, pCO2 were determined at 140 and at 50 mmHg. In both pentagastrin and cimetidine treated cats gastric mucosal blood flow decreased and the vascular resistance increased markedly when the pressure was lowered by bleeding from 140 to 100 mmHg. On further bleeding to 50 mmHg only slight additional flow reduction occurred and the vascular resistance remained constant. Under shock blood flow was higher and the resistance lower in pentagastrin than in cimetidine treated animals. In pentagastrin treated animals a parallel decrease in acid secretion and mucosal blood flow occurred under shock. Cimetidine inhibited acid secretion both at normal blood pressure and under shock. The ATP content of the mucosa did not decrease, no morphological changes of the mucosa occurred and there was no leakage of cellular enzymes during the period of hypotension. PMID- 7324748 TI - Lack of influence on collagen accumulation in granulation tissue with 'delayed' defibrinogenation. A study in the rabbit. AB - Systemic defibrinogenation using Arvin delays wound strength development and collagen accumulation in sponge-induced granulation tissue. Whether this effect is due to interference with the initial fibrin deposition or to any inhibiting action on fibroblast function has not been decided. In the present study the administration of Arvin is started after the initial formation of a fibrin framework. No effect on collagen accumulation in granulation tissue was demonstrated, suggesting that the action of Arvin on wound healing is limited to the first phase of wound healing and that a normal fibrin deposition is necessary for a normal healing process. PMID- 7324749 TI - Sources and routes in postoperative wound infections. AB - In a prospective study including 112 patients sources and routes in postoperative wound infections were traced by comparing wound cultures with cultures from the patient, other patients, personnel and from the environment in the operation unit, intensive care unit and in the ward. A total number of about 10 000 cultures was taken. The wound infection rate was 9.8% (8.1% in clean surgery and 13.2% in potentially contaminated surgery). The patient was a source of the bacteria in all cases of wound infection after potentially contaminated surgery and the wounds were probably contaminated intraoperatively. A possible intraoperative wound inoculation was registered at four instances and a postoperative wound inoculation at four instances in clean surgery. It is concluded that surgical wounds can be contaminated both at surgery and postoperatively. Postoperative wound contamination seems to be most important in clean surgery. PMID- 7324750 TI - Diaphanoscopy and diaphanography for breast cancer detection in clinical practice. AB - Transillumination of the female breast has during the past few years been reintroduced as an aid in the diagnosis of breast lesions. A series of 259 women with symptoms from the breast were examined by mammography, clinical examination by two independent surgeons, diaphanoscopy by one of the surgeons, diaphanography, and fine needle aspiration biopsy of material taken from palpable tumours. The results were evaluated in order to ascertain the contribution made by transillumination procedures to the diagnosis of malignancy. Carcinoma of the breast was confirmed in 26 women. The malignancy was correctly suggested in 21 and 23 women, respectively, at clinical examination, in 19 by mammography, in 20 by diaphanoscopy, in 16 by diaphanography and in 20 by aspiration cytology. The number of false positive cases was high, especially with the transillumination procedures. All malignancies detected by diaphanoscopy were also believed to be carcinoma at the clinical examination. The three cancers falsely classified as benign at clinical examination were correctly identified as malignant only by mammography or cytology or both. PMID- 7324751 TI - Multiple level arterial occlusions of the leg. Reliability of indirect thigh pressures in the assessment of proximal arterial obstruction. AB - 19 patients with obstructive arterial disease both proximal and distal to the inguinal ligament were studied with segmental blood pressure recordings because reconstruction of the proximal lesion was considered. The common femoral pressure was measured intraarterially as well as with a 12 cm cuff placed as proximally as possible on the thigh. The proximal pressures measured by the two techniques were found to correlate well. Thus, the atraumatic cuff pressure technique is validated which can be of use in evaluating multilevel occlusions and the associated run off problem involved in partial proximal reconstruction. PMID- 7324752 TI - Size of the thrombus in acute deep vein thrombosis and the significance of patients' age and sex. AB - To determine the significance of patients' age and sex on the size of the thrombus in acute deep vein thrombosis, 420 consecutive phlebograms with acute deep vein thrombosis were studied. A significant correlation between the size of the thrombus and increasing age of the patient as well as the sex of male was noted. It is concluded that older patients and men often are at a high risk of pulmonary embolism at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 7324753 TI - Incarcerated hernia. AB - The frequency, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of incarcerated hernia are reviewed on the basis of a case series collected from two departments of general surgery. Various aspects of hernial incarceration are discussed and some conclusions concerning management are presented. PMID- 7324754 TI - The value of liver scintigraphy in the management of patients with suspected gastric cancer. A prospective, consecutive study. AB - Patients with gastric cancer and liver metastases are believed not to benefit from gastric resection. In 43 patients with strong suspicion of--or proven- gastric cancer, fit for elective, radical surgery, preoperative liver scintigraphy was performed, in an attempt to select patients with liver metastases before laparotomy. Liver scintigraphy identified 6 out of 7 patients with metastases. One patient with massive steatosis had a false-positive scintigram. Percutaneous scan-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy verified 4 true positive scintigrams. True-positive scintigrams in 2 patients heralded a change in the planned treatment. We consider that a preoperative liver scintigraphy in a population thus selected is beneficial in the planning of treatment: only patients with a negative scan-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be operated upon. PMID- 7324755 TI - Umbilical hernia with duodenal obstruction. AB - The duodenum and pylorus were found to be strangulated within the hernial sac in a case with an incarcerated umbilical hernia. Case history and pathophysiological mechanism are discussed. PMID- 7324756 TI - Non-traumatic intra-hepatic rupture of the biliary tree. Report of a case. AB - Non-traumatic extra-hepatic rupture (NTEHR) of the bile system into free peritoneal cavity is a well-known condition. Usually the gall-bladder is the site of perforation, but non-traumatic perforation of the common bile duct and the hepatic duct occurs. For the hepatic duct it is extremely rare and has so far been reported in only 7 cases in adults (Christensen, Baekgaard & Blichert-Toft, 1977; MacWilliams, 1912; Reich, 1942). A review of the literature reveals, that non-traumatic intra-hepatic rupture (NTIHR) in the biliary tree with perforation into free peritoneal cavity has apparently never been reported before. The purpose of this paper is to report two such cases with recovery. PMID- 7324757 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone and vitamin A on wound healing. I. AB - The effect of methylprednisolone and vitamin A on wound healing was studied by analysing various relevant granulation tissue components in rats. The granulation tissue development was induced by viscose cellulose sponges implanted subcutaneously. Methylprednisolone and vitamin A were applied either locally into the sponge at the time of operation or systemically and daily throughout the observation period of 3 weeks. Methylprednisolone alone, both systematically and locally, retarded the development of granulation tissue, as shown by reduced amounts of collagen and delayed development of vascularity. This effect was partially reversed with simultaneous administration of vitamin A at one week. Local application of vitamin A resulted in increased hemoglobin and DNA values but did not significantly affect the amount of hydroxyproline in methylprednisolone-treated granulation tissue. Systemic administration of vitamin A resulted in methylprednisolone-treated granulation tissue at one week. Vitamin A alone did not have any effect on collagen accumulation but resulted in higher amount of cells in the granulation tissue. PMID- 7324758 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone and vitamin A on wound healing. II. AB - The effect of 100 IU and 1000 IU vitamin A on sponge-induced granulation tissue formation was studied in methylprednisolone-treated and non-treated rats. Collagen accumulation in the new granulation tissue and plasma vitamin A were determined in the animals. Vitamin A severely affected the weight gain of the rats. Methylprednisolone reduced the content of collagen in granulation tissue. This effect of methylprednisolone was not reversed by simultaneous administration of 100 iU or 1000 IU vitamin A. PMID- 7324759 TI - Parathyroid carcinoma; a cause of recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism a few years after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. AB - This is a case report of recurrent hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma. Primarily a neck exploration revealed an adenoma of the inferior right parathyroid body but at cervical re-exploration 4 years later due to recurrence a parathyroid carcinoma at the opposite side was found. The importance of recognizing the malignancy at operation is emphasized and the author's opinion for the necessity of localizing studies in cases of reoperations at the neck for over-functioning parathyroid glands is expressed. PMID- 7324760 TI - High-dose tobramycin combined with clindamycin or lincomycin in the treatment of septic peritonitis and intraabdominal sepsis. AB - Tobramycin in combination with clindamycin or lincomycin were used as systemic antibiotics in the treatment of 20 consecutive patients with septic peritonitis or intraabdominal sepsis, 10 of which were in septic shock. Doses were: tobramycin 1.5 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours, with prolonged dosage interval in patients with reduced renal function, clindamycin 0.9 g every 8 hours and lincomycin 1.2 g every 8 hours. Therapy was monitored by means of tobramycin serum concentration determinations and renal function tests. Eventual cure of the infection was obtained in 19 patients. In 2 of these, the effects of the antibiotics were doubtful. Side effects were observed on 8 occasions: One patient had a slight and temporary subjective hearing loss, coinciding with raised trough levels of tobramycin. Diarrhoea occurred in 3 cases and skin reactions in 3 cases. Superinfection with Candida albicans fungemia occurred in one patient. From the overall results it is concluded that the antibiotic regimen is of value in serious life-threatening infections. Although the tobramycin dose was higher than customarily used in Scandinavia at the time, 0 hour and 1 hour serum concentrations remained stable during therapy in patients whose renal function was normal at onset of therapy. Serum creatinine (S-Cr) levels in these patients were also essentially unchanged. Temporary reductions in osmolality (Osm) ratio Osm-urine/Osm-serum occurred in 11 patients despite normal S-Cr, but it was hard to attribute these impairments of renal function to tobramycin specifically. It was also doubtful whether tobramycin further aggravated renal function in those patients where it was impaired at onset of therapy. Thus, no conclusive evidence of clinically important tobramycin-induced nephrotoxicity were found. We suggest that the dosage schedule of tobramycin used in this study is applied when treating serious intraabdominal infections. PMID- 7324761 TI - The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on experimental Bacteroides fragilis infection in the rat liver. AB - An experimental intra-abdominal model for producing Bacteroides fragilis abscesses in the rat liver was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HO) at 3 ATA (atmospheres absolute). Two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment one half of the animals were inoculated with B. fragilis, and the other half were sham-operated. Whether the inoculated or sham-operated animals were given single or repeated HO treatment at 3 ATA for 90 min, the bacteriological pattern was about the same. In the second experiment all the animals were inoculated with B. fragilis; half of the animals were given HO at 3 ATA for 90 min as single or repeated treatments, and the other half acted as controls receiving no HO. Even if the HO treatment was given every day during 21 days, B. fragilis could be recovered in all inoculated animals 22 days after inoculation. PMID- 7324762 TI - Cancer of the head of the pancreas and choledochoduodenal junction: a clinical study of 88 Whipple resections. AB - The results of 88 pancreaticoduodenectomies performed at one institution over a period of 15 years (1960-1974) have been reviewed. Resection was undertaken in 62 patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (HP) and in 26 patients with carcinoma of the choledochoduodenal junction (CDJ), with an operative mortality of 10% and 15% respectively. The 5-year survival rate for patients without positive lymph node histology was 13% for those with HP carcinoma and 21% for those with CDJ carcinoma. With positive nodes, the 5-year survival rates were 3% and 33% respectively, which suggests that a Whipple resection in patients with CDJ carcinoma has a relatively favourable prognosis even in the presence of lymph node metastases. In patients with HP carcinoma, on the other hand, resection was associated with a poor prognosis. PMID- 7324763 TI - LCEC analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine in the human gastrointestinal tract. AB - The mucosal content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract has been studied. Peroperative biopsies of normal mucosa were collected during various gastrointestinal operations. The amines were extracted and assayed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC). The concentration of 5-HT was generally approximately 12 times higher than the NE concentration and the highest concentration for both amines was observed in the duodenum, 14 micrograms/g and 1.5 micrograms/g wet weight for 5-HT and NE respectively. PMID- 7324764 TI - Healing of incisional wounds in stomach and duodenum. The influence of aging. AB - An evaluation was made of the effects of increasing age on the mechanical properties and the collagen content of healing wounds in stomach and duodenum of rats. Wounds were made in the non-glandular (rumen) and the glandular oxyntic part (corpus)of the stomach and in the duodenum of rats that were 26 months old. The wounds were tested 7 and 20 days after the operation. The results of these tests were compared with those made on a group of young rats (3-4 months old) that were subjected similar wounds. Aging increased the stiffness and decreased the extensibility of tissue taken from intact stomach (rumen and corpus) and from wounded rumen. No differences in the stiffness and extensibility of the tissue from the duodenum wounds could be demonstrated. Except for a higher breaking strength in samples of rumen from old animals after 20 days of healing, no differences in mechanical strength measurements (breaking strength and breaking energy) from intact and wounded tissue could be demonstrated in the old and young animals. The collagen content of intact as well as wounded stomach tissues appeared related to age. No differences in the collagen content in the tissue from the duodenal wounds wee found. The dimensions of the biochemically active zone around the incision remained essentially unchanged in the duodenum and stomach and it was of the same width as that found for young animals. This indicates that aging has no adverse influence on wound healing in the stomach and the duodenum of rats. PMID- 7324765 TI - Clinically diagnosed small intestinal tumors in an urban Swedish area. A 10-year survey. AB - The clinical records of 55 patients with small intestinal tumors (SIT) in Gothenburg under a 10-year period (1968-1977) were reviewed. All patients except three had surgical treatment. Histopathologically 12 patients had benign lesions (most commonly leiomyomas), while 39 patients had malignant lesions. Among SIT with malignant potential carcinoids were most common followed by sarcomas and carcinomas. SIT usually presented with either obstruction or intestinal hemorrhage. The duration of symptoms was much shorter for sarcomas and carcinomas than for carcinoids or benign tumors. SIT were most frequent in the distal part of the small intestine, where especially carcinoids and sarcomas dominated. The clinical diagnosis was mainly based on X-ray examinations; however with a low accuracy for lesions distal to the duodenum. In 71% of the SIT cases resection for cure was possible to perform. PMID- 7324768 TI - Tubulo-papillary tumour of the papilla of Vater. A case report. PMID- 7324766 TI - Femur fracture and false aneurysm. PMID- 7324767 TI - False hernias through parametric defects. A report of two cases. PMID- 7324769 TI - An unusual late complication of neonatal small bowel surgery. AB - A case of acute intestinal obstruction in a 23-year-old male patient is presented. He had previously undergone a laparotomy in infancy at the age of 36 hours. Two primary enteroliths were found in proximal dilated jejunum, one obstructing an anastomotic stricture. The predisposing factors of enterolith formation are reviewed. PMID- 7324770 TI - Trauma to the liver during a ten-year period. With special reference to morbidity and mortality after blunt trauma and stab wounds. AB - The records of 58 patients with hepatic injuries treated between 1969 and 1978 were analyzed in retrospect. The hepatic injury was caused by blunt trauma in 30 cases (52%), stab wounds in 26 cases (45%) and gun shot wounds (GSW) in 2 cases (3%). In 45 patients (78%) the injury could be managed by simple methods such as laparotomy alone or suture and/or drainage. Hepatic lobectomy was performed in 5 patients (9%). When compared with stab wounds, hepatic injuries after blunt trauma were associated with higher frequency of shock, more blood transfusions, more associated injuries, more severe liver injuries and longer hospital stay. Overall mortality rate was 19%. True hepatic injury mortality rate was 5%. After blunt trauma mortality rate was 30% and after stab wounds 4%. The mortality rate was higher in patients with multiple associated injuries and after more severe hepatic injuries. PMID- 7324771 TI - Radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of liver trauma. AB - Thirty-three consecutive patients were examined on the clinical suspicion of traumatic rupture of the liver. In 13 patients liver rupture or liver haematoma was found on scintigraphy. In 5 of these patients the scintigraphic observation was verified by surgery. In two of these patients rupture of the spleen was suspected by the clinician, but rupture of the liver was found instead. PMID- 7324772 TI - Superior vena caval syndrome in benign mediastinal goitre. AB - The superior vena caval syndrome is the clinical condition which develops at too high a pressure in the superior vena cava and the afferent veins. Its aetiology has changed in the course of time, but at present 97% of the cases are due to intrathoracic malignancy. An extremely rare aetiological factor is substernal and intrathoracic goitre. In such cases the syndrome is often of fairly acute onset due to haemorrhage in the goitre, and as a rule it is associated with dyspnoea and dysphagia. The treatment is always operative. PMID- 7324773 TI - Arteriovenous communications in varicose veins localized by thermography and identified by operative microscopy. AB - By thermography the hottest spots of varicosities were localized. At surgery they were found to correlate well to the sites of small pulsating arteries joining the varicosities but did not show correspondence to incompetent perforating veins. At peroperative measurements these arteriovenous communications (AVC) ranged from 0.1-2 mm. Most of them (79%) were within 0.2-0.8 mm with a median value of 0.6 mm. Unexpectedly, direct communication of an arteriovenous nature between perforating veins and adjacent arteries was frequently seen at the fascial level or immediately beneath it. AVC to varicose and perforating veins were demonstrated in 64% (100/157) of explorations performed. The continuity of the suggested AVC was visually confirmed by microscopical anatomical isolation of the affluent artery or by observation of pulsatile bleeding on the inadvertent division of such a vessel. Operative microscopy was performed in 35 and magnifying glasses were used in a further 16 patients. Overall 79% of subfascially isolated perforating veins were equal to or smaller than 2.4 mm and 61% equal to or smaller than 1.8 mm. Perforating veins were missing in totally 47% (74/157 explorations) which means a frequent occurrence of clearly well defined hot varicosities which could not be explained by retrograde flow through either incompetent perforating veins or by saphenous trunk insufficiency. The unexpected incongruity between the occurrence of well-defined hot varicosities and incompetent perforating veins discredits the traditional concept of their import with respect to varicose development. The only plausible explanation to the pooling of hot varicose blood was the identified arteries, inevitably supporting the role of arteriovenous communication in varicose development. PMID- 7324774 TI - Monitoring direction of vertebral artery blood flow by Doppler shift ultrasound in patients with suspected "subclavian steal'. AB - A significant subclavian or innominate artery obliteration may cause reversal of flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery causing vertebro-basilar ischaemia with cerebral symptoms, called the subclavian steal syndrome. Until recently, angiography was the only method of diagnosing a subclavian steal. In the present study, a non-invasive technique (Directional Doppler ultrasound) was used to determine the direction of flow in the vertebral arteries. The study was carried out on 22 patients referred with suspected subclavian could be identified bilaterally by the Doppler ultrasound technique, which also revealed unilateral retrograde in twenty and bilateral antegrade (= normal) vertebral artery blood flow in two patients. These findings were verified in all patients by aorto cervical angiography. Seven of the patients then had their subclavian or innominate artery reconstructed. Postoperatively a new Directional Doppler ultrasound examination then showed bilateral normal (= antegrade) vertebral artery blood flow. The used non-invasive technique is shown to have high reliability and may be used to screen patients suspected of having subclavian steal pre-angiographically and preoperatively. The method is also of value for the post-operative control. PMID- 7324775 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of colovesical fistulas. AB - A review of the symptoms and signs as well as preoperative investigations was made in 12 patients with proved colovesical fistulas. The symptoms were predominantly those of the lower urinary tract. The value of barium enema, cystogram, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy was pointed out. Treatment consisted of a combined treatment with colostomy and indwelling bladder catheter, primary closure of the fistula only and various staged procedures with bowel resection. We emphasize the value of the one-stage procedure in the uncomplicated case. PMID- 7324776 TI - Metronidazole and appendicitis. Can a preoperative prophylaxis be changed to a peroperative treatment in high risk patients? AB - Sixty-four consecutive patients appendicectomized for perforated appendicitis were studied retrospectively to assess the effect of peroperative metronidazolee on postoperative infections. All patients were given antibiotics against aerobic organism. The infection rate in patients receiving metronidazol peroperative was 3%. It is concluded that the effect of peroperative administrated metronidazole in prevention of postoperative infections after perforated appendicitis is as good as previously demonstrated for preoperative administrated. Consequently metronidazole treatment can be restricted to peroperative proven high risk patients with perforated and perhaps gangrenous appendicitis. PMID- 7324777 TI - Subphrenic abscess. AB - A series of 39 patients with subphrenic abscess is presented. Nine of the patients had primary abscesses. In 27 patients, the abscess occurred postoperatively, after various abdominal operations, most frequently after gall bladder and gastric surgery. The value of combined lung-liver scintigraphy is stressed, as is promptly established and adequate drainage, using a selective surgical approach. There were 4 deaths in the series. PMID- 7324778 TI - The concentrations of trace elements in blood from healthy newborn infants. AB - The concentrations of 14 elements in red cells and serum in 23 healthy newborn infants were determined with the aid of neutron activation analysis. Whole blood from seven mothers was also analysed. The mothers had no signs of trace element deficiency. In newborn infants the concentration of zinc in red cells was low and that of calcium was high, as compared with adults. The copper concentration in serum was low. In the newborn infants, higher ratios of intracellular to extracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium were found, as compared with adults. Iron and rubidium values in serum and red cells were similar to those found in adults. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular concentrations for chromium was two-the same value found in adults, although the levels were lower than reported in adults. PMID- 7324779 TI - Energy, fat and nitrogen balance in healthy newborn infants during the first week after birth. AB - There are limited data in the literature concerning the energy, fat and nitrogen balances in healthy newborn infants of normal weight. For this reason, five healthy newborn infants were studied during the first week after birth. Balance studies on energy, fat, nitrogen, dry matter and water were performed. Oxygen consumption was determined by an open method. The weight decrease the first days was explained by a deficit of water and energy intake. Weight gain was seen when the water intake was 80-100 ml/kg/day and the energy intake 200-300 kJ/kg/day. A linear relation was found between the total evaporative water losses and ambient vapour pressure. The mean resting metabolic rate was 174 kJ/kg/day with the range 144-200 kJ/kg/day. With higher activity the metabolic rate increased 20-45%. Positive balances of nitrogen and fat were obtained when the intakes exceeded 150 and 275 mg/kg/day, respectively. PMID- 7324780 TI - Haemorrhage into a pheochromocytoma in an anticoagulant-treated patient. AB - Bleeding in a pheochromocytoma after anticoagulant therapy is described. The symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are surveyed. The importance of computed tomography, possibly with the addition of angiography, in the diagnosis of this rare condition is emphasized. PMID- 7324781 TI - Structure and activity of antimonials (Sb III): antagonism of the antiparasitic action by their organic radicals in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7324782 TI - [Regression equations for age determination by the length of long bones of the hand in the Venezuelan population during growth]. PMID- 7324783 TI - [Metacarpal and phalangeal length in a metropolitan population of Caracas, in both sexes in adults and in children 2 to 18 years of age]. PMID- 7324784 TI - [The preparation of medical students in our country: some clinical observations]. PMID- 7324785 TI - Hepatic cholestasis mediated by subdiaphragmatic anthracosilicosis. PMID- 7324786 TI - A 2 year experience with percutaneous renal biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. PMID- 7324787 TI - Evaluation of granulocyte replacement therapy. PMID- 7324788 TI - A Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolated from a fatal case of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7324789 TI - Teratogenic activity of organophosphate pesticide in chick embryos. PMID- 7324790 TI - Differentiation of reaggregates of whole chick embryos cultivated in vitro. PMID- 7324791 TI - Anionic binding sites on rat hepatocyte surface during embryonic development: preliminary report. PMID- 7324792 TI - The influence of artificial and "natural" substrates on the morphology of amphibian embryonic cells. PMID- 7324793 TI - Autophagic activity in the mesenchyme cells of Ciona embryo. PMID- 7324794 TI - Cultures of amphibian neural crest cell aggregates. PMID- 7324795 TI - Intercellular adhesion between amphibian neural fold cells and pigment cells. PMID- 7324796 TI - An electron microscope study of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa of Molgula impura and Styela plicata (Ascidiacea, Tunicata). PMID- 7324797 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of the ursodeoxycholic acid in hamsters. Evaluation by electronic microscopy]. AB - To investigate ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso) action on liver histology, 30 male hamsters were allocated to 2 groups of 15 animals each; one group was treated with Urso, and the other one acted as control. Thirty days later, a light and electron microscopy study of the liver of all the animals was performed. All the group receiving Urso acid revealed minimal changes consisting in hepatocytic nuclear vacuolization around the centrelobulilla area; the vacuoles were homogeneous and contained a pale basofilic material. Neither inflammatory lesions nor hepatic cell necrosis was observed. Electron microscopy showed folding of the nuclear membrane corresponding to vacuoles observed under light microscopy. Further studies must be carried out to make clear the meaning of our findings and to confirm or otherwise rectify Urso inocuity on the liver of hamsters. PMID- 7324798 TI - [Acute suppurative cholangitis]. AB - 1) Acute suppurative cholangitis is the most severe clinical form of bacterial biliary infection. 2) During a 14 year period, 29 patients were treated at the General Surgery Division A, of the Cosme Argerich General Hospital. 3) Patients were divided in two groups; a) acute suppurative cholangitis with (n:100 or b) without (n:19) evidence of biliary obstruction. In the former group, in addition to Charcot's triad, we found mental confusion and septic shock among clinical signs. 4) Gall stones were the most common cause of obstruction, followed by pancreatic and biliary carcinoma. 5) Diagnosis on admission was correct in 40% of patients. Charcot's triad was present in 19 of the 29 patients. 6) All 22 operated patients survived whereas 7 non operated patients died. 7) The high mortality observed was similar to that reported in other publications and could be partly due to delayed diagnosis, and the high frequency of multiple liver abscesses found at autopsy. 8) Newer diagnostic procedures have improved the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. It is hoped that they will help in the earlier recognition of acute suppurative cholangitis and decrease the incidence of severe complications. PMID- 7324799 TI - [Correlation of pancreatic function and structure. Evaluation of the secretin test and retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. AB - We have made an analysis of correlation between Secretin Test and Retrograde pancreatography in 25 patients. Using Secretin Test, in these comparative evaluation we confirmed the predictive values of normality or pathological alteration of the gland obtained through functional exploration of the pancreon. In consequence it's correct to use this test as a first mean of establishing the presence of pancreatic pathologies. PMID- 7324800 TI - [Trophic and functional changes of the pancreas induced by chronic truncal vagotomy]. AB - The effects of chronic truncal vagotomy on the pancreatic gland was studied in male adult Wistar rats. Two to three months after parasympathetic decentralization, the gland weight was found to be significantly increased by nearly 100%. This trophic effect is mainly due to the proliferation of young acinar cells. Concomitantly, there is a decrease of the ductular mass and of the Langerhans islets. Choline acetylase activity was decreased by about 35% to 40% in the vagotomized pancreas. Further, enzyme concentration was found to be greater in the head than in the body and tail of the gland, thus suggesting a higher nerve density of vagal cholinergic fibers in the former than in the latter. Basal pancreatic secretion of the decentralized gland showed a significant increase in the flow rate with no significant changes in both bicarbonate concentration and output. Protein concentration was significantly reduced at 60 minutes; protein output remained unchanged. The most remarkable finding was the fall in both lipase concentration and output (60-70%) when compared with control values. These findings may be related to clinical manifestations after long-term vagotomy. PMID- 7324801 TI - [Primary lithiasis of the bile ducts]. AB - An analysis is made of 24 cases of primitive lithiasis of the biliary tracts, viz; 10 of diffuse intrahepatic lithiasis, 9 of intrahepatic lithiasis localized in one of the ducts; and 5 of extrahepatic lithiasis. The most common cause were stenosis (14 cases) generally of idiopathic or congenital nature, followed by those of iatrogenic or tumoral origin. There were also cases of isolated or diffuse anomalus dilatation of the biliary ducts. A lithogenetic bile as well as infectious processes are rather considered secondary factors. The diagnosis of the real nature of the condiction was usually established in the postoperative period, this being an explanation why repeated surgery was so common (75%). There was a high postoperative mortality in the diffuse forms owing to severe manifestations of biliary sepsis perpetuated by the stones. Depending upon the individual cases the following procedures are proposed: 1) Biliodigestive anastomosis 2) Sphinteropapilloplasty 3) Dilatation and calibration of the stenosis 4) Postoperative instrumental extraction of calculi. The last-named procedure was carried out in 58% of the cases and result in an improvement in the serious prognosis. Primitive lithiasis should always be borne in mind when undertaking surgery of the biliary tracts in order to avoid additional surgery. PMID- 7324802 TI - Plasma bile acid levels and liver disease. AB - The plasma cholic acid, chenodesoxycholic acid and desoxycholic acid levels were studied by spectrofluoremetry in 153 cases. The values of 67 controls with no evidence of hepatobiliary or intestinal disease were compared with those of 86 patients with liver and biliary tract disease. The fasting values failed to provide more diagnostic information than did conventional laboratory assays. Plasma bile acid concentrations exceeding 2.5 mu mol/l are conclusive of liver or biliary disease. A cholic acid/chenodesoxycholic acid quotient higher than 1.0 is a sign of cholestasis. Estimation of bile acids after food intake was found more informative. The plasma cholic acid- and chenodesoxycholic acid levels underwent a considerable increase 1 to 2 hours after meals. A more marked increase of chenodesoxycholic acid than of cholic acid (the ratio of the two being in excess of 1.0) is indicative of cholestasis and is most marked in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7324803 TI - A critical analysis of the gastric secretory response of patients with duodenal ulcer in dependence of their age and duration of complaints. AB - The different parameters of the basal and maximal gastric secretory responses were measured in 120 patients with duodenal ulcer. The correlations between the different gastric secretory parameters [volume, H+ concentration, basal acid output (BAO), maximal acid output (MAO), maximal acid output-basal acid output, basal acid output . maximal acid output X 100] were studied in these patients, in dependence of their age and duration of complaints. A positive and mathematically significant correlation was found between the following parameters: 1. age of patients and H+ concentration of gastric basal secretion (r = 0.326; n = 120; P less than 0.001); 2. age of patients and basal acid output (r = 0.200; P less than 0.05); 3. duration of complaints and volume of gastric basal secretion (r = 0.186; P less than 0.05); 4. duration of complaints and basal acid output (r = 0.237; P less than 0.05); 5. age of patients and BAO . MAO-1 X 100 (r = 0.216; P less than 0.05); 6. duration of complaints and BAO. MAO-1 X 100 (4 = 0.197; P less than 0.05); 7. volume of gastric maximal and basal secretory response (r = 0.398; P less than 0.001); 8. H+ concentration of gastric maximal and basal secretory response (r = 0.480; P less than 0.001); 9. MAO and BAO values (r = 0.521; P less than 0.001); 10. H+ output and H+ concentration of gastric basal secretory response (r = 0.620; P less than 0.001); 11. H+ output and volume of gastric basal secretory response (r = 0.779; P less than 0.001); 12. H+ concentration and volume of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.298; P less than 0.01); 13. H+ output and H+ concentration of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.720; P less than 0.001); 14. H+ output and volume of gastric maximal secretory response (r = 0.802; P less than 0.001). A negative and mathematically significant correlation was observed between the values of BAO . MAO-1 X 100 and of MAO - BAO (r = 0.435; P less than 0.001). It has been concluded 1. duodenal ulcer disease protects the human gastric fundic mucosa against "senile decay"; 2. the changes of gastric basal and maximal secretory responses, induced by duodenal ulcer, do not supply a pathological base for gastric surgery in patients, on dependence on their ages and duration of complaints. PMID- 7324804 TI - Protein content of gastroduodenal juice: concentration and significance. AB - IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and albumin were measured in 572 samples of gastric juice and the bile fractions A, B and C obtained by a duodenal tube from 143 dermatological patients. The results were correlated to gastric acidity. The findings are consistent with the barrier function of gastric acid secretion, it having been found that, unless hypacidity or anacidity is present, the proteins in the gastric and duodenal fluid show neither high concentrations nor a wide variety. The finding that the fairly high IgA was nearly equal to the amount of IgG in the samples and that the concentration of albumin was much lower (IgG: albumin approximately equal to 2 : 1), seems to indicate that the immunoglobulins were produced by the local immune system. PMID- 7324805 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on various lesions of oral mucosa and oral cysts--with special reference to surface morphology of epithelial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324806 TI - [Experimental studies on fibrinolytic dynamics of decubital ulcer in oral mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324807 TI - [Studies on dynamics of blood coagulo-fibrinolysis and glycoprotein in various diseases in oral region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324808 TI - [Study on hog cholera-swine erysipelas combined live vaccine. -III. Field trial of vaccination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324809 TI - Extracorporeal circulation: practical considerations for the anesthetist. PMID- 7324810 TI - Inhalation versus balanced anesthesia in pediatric patients. PMID- 7324812 TI - Educational feature: an overview of inservice education. PMID- 7324811 TI - Management of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: a case study. PMID- 7324813 TI - Congress considers health care competition legislation. PMID- 7324814 TI - Informed consent: how much disclosure is enough? PMID- 7324815 TI - AANA Journal course: preoperative evaluation and physical assessment of the patient. Part 5--the liver. PMID- 7324816 TI - Effects of thiopentone on cardiac performance, coronary hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in chronic ischemic heart disease. AB - Thiopentone was administered as induction agent for general anesthesia to eight patients with stable ischemic heart disease; 6 mg/kg of the drug induced decrease in arterial blood pressure (-27%), systematic vascular resistance (-20%), stroke volume index (-14%), mean pulmonary arteriolar occlusion pressure (-15%) and left ventricular stroke work index (-38%), while heart rate increased by 10% and cardiac output remained unchanged. Total body oxygen consumption decreased by 30%. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased by 39% with unchanged or decreased myocardial oxygen extraction and myocardial lactate uptake decreased by 40%. Arterial and coronary sinus hypoxanthine levels were unchanged and no ST-T segment changes or dysrhythmias were recorded. In the present experimental setting, the results indicate that thiopentone substantially decreased myocardial oxygen requirements. In spite of the marked reduction in coronary perfusion, myocardial oxygen demand was matched by supply, myocardial dysoxia was not induced and cardiodepression was clinically negligible. Rate pressure product was a poor indicator of changes in myocardial oxygen consumption after thiopentone administration. PMID- 7324818 TI - Fatal brain lesion following spinal anaesthesia. Report of a case. AB - Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid following dural puncture and subsequent downward sagging of the brain have been suggested as a cause of the rare subdural haematomas occurring after spinal or attempted epidural anaesthesia which have been reported in the literature. We report a case where this mechanism probably produced a fatal brain lesion, due to the herniation of the uncus against the tentorium cerebelli 15 days after spinal anaesthesia. The patients complained of severe headache and nausea after the procedure. The reported case shows that postdural-puncture headache may be a sign of more serious sequelae and should be treated by the means available. PMID- 7324817 TI - Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief. AB - Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to two groups to study the analgesic potency, duration of action and side effects of epidural and intramuscular morphine after hip surgery. Two milligrams of preservative-free morphine chloride in 10 ml of normal saline in the epidural space was compared to 10 mg of intramuscularly administered morphine. There was a more rapid onset of action after intramuscular morphine. However, the quality of pain relief was substantially higher and the duration of action markedly longer after epidural morphine. The total dose required in the epidural group was 3.6 mg and in the intramuscular group 41 mg during the 15-h observation period. The side effects of epidural morphine were few and mild, the most embarrassing being urinary retention (20%). Nausea and/or vomiting was less common after epidural morphine (20% versus 55%). Pruritus or respiratory depression which have been reported previously were not encountered. However, it is recommended that preservative free solution are used to avoid itching and that the patients are monitored, as respiratory depression may occur long after administration of epidural opiate. PMID- 7324819 TI - Albumin treatment following major surgery. I. Effects on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral oedema. AB - The effect of a 20% albumin solution on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral oedema was investigated in 30 adult patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. Half of them received an average of 173 g of albumin between the end of the operation and the 5th postoperative day, in accordance with a standardized scheme. Otherwise the same schedules for fluid therapy and blood replacement were followed in all patients. Postoperatively, serum albumin and plasma oncotic pressure were fairly normal in the albumin group, but decreased by 28% and 24% in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant during the first week, but disappeared during the second week. Arm and thigh circumferences increased postoperatively to a similar extent in both groups. There were no apparent differences in circulatory variables, alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference, incidence of wound infection or postoperative restoration of intestinal activity between the groups. Although renal and thromboembolic complications occurred only in the control group, the material is too small to permit any conclusions to be drawn from the possible difference in renal function and morbidity between the groups. The limited availability and high cost of albumin require strict indications for its use. Our results so far have failed to justify routine administration of concentrated albumin postoperatively. PMID- 7324820 TI - Albumin treatment following major surgery. II. Effects on postoperative lung function and circulatory adaptation. AB - The effects of i.v. infusion of 5% albumin and balanced salt solutions were investigated in a prospective study on 18 patients subjected to reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. The same schedules for blood replacement and intraoperative fluid therapy were followed for all patients. Postoperatively, the amounts of fluid administered were adjusted with the aim of keeping the mean pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (MPAOP) close to the preoperative level. Immediately after operation, there was a decrease in cardiac filling pressures, indicating a blood volume deficit, in both groups. Less fluid was needed for adequate haemodynamic restitution in the albumin group. Postoperatively, the mean plasma oncotic pressure (POP) in the albumin-treated patients remained steady at 2.4-2.5 kPa (86-88% of preoperative value). In the control group, POP fell to a mean minimum of 1.8 kPa (64% of preoperative value) 8 h after operation. The difference between POP and MPAOP decreased significantly in both groups, but the difference between the groups was not significant at any time. There was no significant correlation between venous admixture, on the one hand, and POP, MPAOP, POP-MPAOP difference, total sodium intake or net supply of non-colloid fluids, on the other. No clinically important differences in haemodynamic or lung function variables were found between the groups. PMID- 7324821 TI - Influence of epidural analgesia on postoperative changes in various serum enzyme patterns and serum bilirubin. AB - Postoperative changes in serum bilirubin, various serum enzymes (alanine-amino transferase ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine-phosphokinase (CPK)), plasma glucose and cortisol were studied in 20 healthy, premenopausal women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy under either general anaesthesia with halothane or epidural analgesia (T4-S5). Surgery under general anaesthesia was followed by increased levels of bilirubin, LDH, CPK, glucose and cortisol, whereas AP and ALAT were unaffected by surgery. Epidural analgesia inhibited increases in LDH, CPK, glucose and cortisol (P less than 0.05), but not the increase in bilirubin. The results indicate that afferent neurogenic stimuli from the surgical area are important in mediating the postoperative changes in LDH and CPK, whereas factors other than neurogenic stimuli or adrenal hormones are responsible for the postoperative changes in bilirubin. PMID- 7324822 TI - Effects on cerebral blood flow of infusion of hyperosmolar saline during cerebral vasodilation in the dog. AB - In six anaesthetized dogs, cerebrovascular reaction to experimental (plasma osmolality in the range of 350-400 mosm . kg water-1) induced by intravenous infusion of 0.6 M saline was studied. In order to provoke and reinforce any effects from saline passage over the blood-brain barrier, pre-experimental submaximal vasodilation was induced by means of hypercapnia and in some cases haemodilution. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the radioactive gas elimination method. CBF was unaffected by progressive hyperosmolality during a 2 h observation period. PMID- 7324823 TI - Preanaesthetic medication with rectal diazepam in children. AB - With the purpose of avoiding injections to children, the quality of rectal premedication with a solution of diazepam (Apozepam) was investigated in a double blind study. Compared with a lytic cocktail (containing pethidine, promethazine and chlorpromazine), adequate preanaesthetic sedation was obtained with rectally administered diazepam in a dose of 0.75 mg kg-1. However, following rectal diazepam, the majority of the children were very restless during recovery, but the combination of diazepam premedications and a small dose of lytic cocktail given i.m. during anaesthesia secured a smooth recovery in practically all children. The proportion of cases classified as "unsatisfactory' was higher in children below the age of 5 years than in the older children. PMID- 7324824 TI - Comparison of laryngotracheal and ultrasonic nebulizer administration of lidocaine in local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. AB - Inhalation of nebulized minute lidocaine droplets has been suggested to be a very safe and pleasant method to produce topical anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. We produced topical anaesthesia of the respiratory tract either by laryngotracheal spraying (LS) of lidocaine (439 +/- 85mg) or ultrasonic nebulizer administration (UNA) of lidocaine (462 +/- 81 mg) in 40 patients undergoing bronchoscopy. All patients also received an average of 15 mg of diazepam intravenously. Both modes of lidocaine administration produced adequate anaesthesia and were safe, but when rated on the visual analogue scale, both the efficacy of local anaesthesia and the cooperation of patients during bronchoscopy were better (P less than 0.05) after LS than those after UNA. The peak plasma concentrations of lidocaine (means +/- s.d.) were lower and occurred earlier after UNA (0.53 +/- 0.34 micrograms/ml at 5-15 min after administration) than those after LS (0.89 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml at 15-25 min after spraying). The highest individual values measured (2.54 micrograms/ml after LS and 1.17 micrograms/ml after UNA) were much less than those reported toxic lidocaine plasma concentrations. It is concluded that bronchoscopy can be conducted under local anaesthesia as successfully and safely using inhalation of lidocaine droplets from an ultrasonic nebulizer as when using laryngotracheal spraying of lidocaine. PMID- 7324825 TI - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. A serious complication of transurethral prostatectomy. A case report. AB - A patient undergoing prostatectomy under epidural analgesia developed clinical signs of a severe TURP syndrome. During resuscitation, it was revealed that serum sodium was only moderately decreased. Plasma oncotic pressure was, however, markedly decreased and the pressure gradient between plasma oncotic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (approximately hydrostatic pressure) was 1 mmHg (0.13 kPa) only, allowing almost free filtration of fluid through the pulmonary capillary wall, resulting in a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The patient was successfully resuscitated with albumin and inotropic stimulation with prenalterol. PMID- 7324826 TI - Pentoxifylline does not protect mice against hypoxia. AB - Pentoxifylline 12.5-200 mg/kg failed to increase the survival time of mice exposed to oxygen, 5%. Other measures have previously been shown to increase survival time in this model, probably by improving the ratio of energy supply to demand. This has been accomplished by either increasing cerebral blood flow or decreasing cerebral energy consumption. Contrary to previous reports, it thus seems unlikely that pentoxifylline favorably affects these factors, at least in this model. PMID- 7324827 TI - Pharmacokinetics of thiopental in caesarian section. AB - Anaesthesia for planned caesarian section in nine women was induced with an i.v. thiopental injection. The injection was stopped when the ciliary reflex disappeared. 250-300 mg was given over 60-85 seconds. The concentration of thiopental in peripheral venous blood 20 s after the disappearance of the ciliary reflex varied from 4.3 to 33.7 micrograms/ml. The simultaneously obtained concentrations at delivery (11-25 min after the start of the induction) were 1.7 6.0 micrograms/ml in venous blood from the mothers and 1.3-5.5 micrograms/ml in cord vein blood. In two of the newborns, the Apgar scores were 8 and 9, in the other seven it was 10. The baby with Apgar score 8 was delivered after 25 min and had a concentration in cord vein blood of 3.5 micrograms/ml. The decline in the concentration of thiopental in the venous blood of the mothers was described by a three-compartment open model. The terminal half-life was relatively short, between 91 and 595 min. The blood levels of thiopental in the newborns were followed for 22-33 h. The terminal half-lives in the babies ranged from 616 to 2560 min. PMID- 7324828 TI - Interscalene brachial plexus block: area of analgesia, complications and blood concentrations of local anesthetics. AB - In a prospective clinical study including 100 patients, the consequences of using the interscalene approach to block the brachial plexus were investigated according to the area of analgesia, complications, and blood concentrations of local anesthetics. Sufficient analgesia of the shoulder and the upper part of the arm was obtained in 98-99% of the cases, whilst the area of analgesia in the forearm and the hand was more variable. In two groups, with 10 patients in each group, the blood concentration was measured during the first 50 min after injection in the neurovascular sheath by either the interscalene or the axillary approach. The peak values were at the same level in the two groups, but there was a much more rapid rise in concentration in the interscalene group. No toxic reactions were seen. The complications were in accordance with those reported in other publications. PMID- 7324829 TI - Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of atropine after a single maternal intravenous and intramuscular administration. AB - The placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of atropine were studied in 44 healthy parturients undergoing caesarean section. The concentrations in the plasma were determined by a new radioimmunoassay after intravenous (n=32) or after intramuscular (n=12) administration of 0.01 mg/kg of atropine. A fast placental transfer with apparent foetal uptake of the drug was found after intravenous injection. There was also a difference in the umbilical vein and artery concentrations after intramuscular administration. The maternal pharmacokinetics of i.v. atropine obeyed and two-compartment open model with a fast distribution phase (mean ta1/2=1.02 min) and quite fast elimination (t1/2=2.56h). The total apparent volume of distribution was 1.01/kg and the total plasma clearance 6.36 ml/min/kg. The mean peak maternal plasma levels after i.m. atropine administration were found at 1.59 h and the mean calculated half-life of elimination was then 2.1 h. No atropine was found in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 7324830 TI - Clinical study on an endotracheal tube with a high-residual volume, low-pressure cuff. PMID- 7324831 TI - Diazepam adsorption to infusion sets and plastic syringes. AB - The adsorption of diazepam to infusion sets and plastic syringes was studied. Infusion solutions consisting of diazepam injection (Valium) in glucose 5.5%, or diazepam emulsion in a lipid emulsion (Intralipid 10%) were infused through two different infusion sets (Transcodan L-74 and Cutter IL). It was found that, when an infusion solution with a low diazepam concentration (0.04 mg/ml) was infused slowly (4 ml/h), the diazepam adsorption was more than 80%. At a higher diazepam concentration (0.1 mg/ml) and increased infusion rate (20ml/h) the adsorption decreased. Diazepam injection in glucose 5.5% was adsorbed to a higher degree (40 75%) than diazepam emulsion in glucose 5.5% (15-35%). When diazepam emulsion was diluted with the lipid emulsion, no diazepam adsorption to the infusion set occurred at this concentration and infusion rate. No significant difference between the two infusion sets could be found. The miscibility of diazepam emulsion with glucose 5.5%, glucose 10%, or sodium chloride 0.9% was examined. Diazepam emulsion proved to be miscible with glucose 5.5% and glucose 10%, but sodium chloride should not be used to dilute diazepam emulsion. The effect on the diazepam concentration of storing diazepam injection and diazepam emulsion in plastic syringes for up to 4h was also studied. It was found that the diazepam concentration remained unchanged during this time. PMID- 7324832 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. AB - The potential mutagenicity of inhalation anaesthetics was investigated by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test system applied to lymphocytes in peripheral blood drawn from patients before and after anaesthesia. Twenty-one women, aged 39 82 years (median 57.7 years) received halothane for 75-180 min (median 125 min). Fourteen other patients, aged 45-90 years (median 67.5 years) received enflurane for 90-180 min (median 130 min). In both groups the numbers of SCEs were unchanged immediately following anaesthesia and 5 days after. It was concluded that, by this method, comprising human cells exposed in vivo, there was no indication of mutagenic effect of short-term exposure to halothane or enflurane in anaesthetic concentrations. PMID- 7324833 TI - The effect of buprenorphine and oxycodone on the intracholedochal passage pressure. AB - The effect of i.v. buprenorphine (0.3 mg) and oxycodone (10mg) on intracholedochal passage pressure were studied in 20 patients who had undergone surgery of the common biliary tract, prior to the extraction of an indwelling T tube. Informed consent was obtained from all patients, each of who was given buprenorphine or oxycodone in random order. The intracholedochal passage pressure was measured from the T tube perfused with continuous saline infusion (55 ml/h). Both analgesics significantly (P less than 0.01) increased the intracholedochal passage pressure after 5 min, with an equal peak increase of about 1.5 kPa at about 7 min. The pressure decline was rapid and similar in both groups: 20 min after administration of the test drug only about 40% of the maximum elevation caused by either drug remained. Thereafter, a slower fall towards the baseline was recorded after both drugs during the remaining 45 min of the study period. The results indicate that buprenorphine can be used with the same indications and precautions as other narcotics for postoperative pain relief in patients who have undergone surgery of the biliary tract. PMID- 7324834 TI - Haemodynamic changes associated with atropine/neostigmine administration. A non invasive investigation. AB - Stroke volume, systolic time intervals and related index variations induced by atropine/neostigmine (AN) (0.75 mg/l mg) decurarization mixture were investigated by non-invasive methods (ECG, phonocardiogram, thoracic impedance) in 15 anaesthetized normocapnic patients in a stable state after induction of anaesthesia and prior to surgical stimulation. Data showed decrease in mean heart rate (HR) (initial value: 82 beats/min; after 10 min: 57 beats/min; P less than 0.001) accompanied by an increase in stroke volume (SV) (initial value: 75 ml, after 10 min: 100 ml; P less than 0.001). No alterations in myocardial contractility were noted with the systolic time intervals (PEP, PEP/LVET, 1/PEP2). Under the conditions of the study, the negative chronotropic effect of AN mixture was not accompanied by a negative inotropic state. PMID- 7324835 TI - Vascular and metabolic effects of methylprednisolone and phenoxybenzamine during controlled hypotension in the dog. AB - The relationship between central haemodynamics and vascular and metabolic parameters in skeletal muscle was studied in dogs subjected to controlled haemorrhagic hypotension and treated with cumulative doses of methylprednisolone (4-32 mg x kg-1), (or saline in the control group), followed by phenoxybenzamine. There were no significant haemodynamic or metabolic changes between the groups during the injections of steroid or saline. The alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade caused, as found earlier, a pronounced vasodilation in the steroid group, which was parallelled by an increase in muscle blood flow in the same order of magnitude. There was no clearcut relationship between metabolic and vascular effects in the groups. Despite the significant difference in blood flow between the groups after phenoxybenzamine, only small and insignificant differences were seen in muscle metabolites, with the exception of muscle lactate which showed higher values in the steroid group. The study provides further evidence in support of the hypothesis that the haemodynamic effects of the combination of methylprednisolone and phenoxybenzamine are of neurogenic origin. PMID- 7324836 TI - Splanchnic turn-over of some energy metabolites and acid-base balance during intravenous infusion of lidocaine, bupivacaine or etidocaine. AB - The splanchnic turn-over of energy metabolites in circulating blood has been studied in four groups of young, healthy volunteers, receiving intravenous infusions of physiological saline (n = 5), lidocaine 4 mg/min (n = 7), bupivacaine 2 mg/min (n = 7) and etidocaine 2 mg/min (n = 8). The results showed that the local anaesthetic agents increased the splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption, the uptake of glycerol and lactate, and the release of 3 hydroxybutyrate. These effects are adrenaline-like but cannot be explained by one single mechanism involving increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Only a minor part of the increased oxygen uptake could be attributed to the energy cost of drug metabolism. PMID- 7324837 TI - Paracetamol, tiaramide and placebo for pain relief after orthopedic surgery. AB - Eighty patients took part in this double-blind, single-dose group-comparative study, comparing the analgesic efficacy of tiaramide hydrochloride 100 mg and 200 mg, paracetamol 1000 mg, and placebo for pain after orthopedic operations. The four treatment groups were similar on entry to the trial. Pain relief was assessed up to 6 h after treatment, using a visual analogue pain scale and a pain score, both giving similar results. Statistically significant pain relief (mean pain intensity differences and sum of pain intensity differences) was seen in the group receiving paracetamol compared to those receiving placebo or tiaramide from 1 h to 6 h after drug ingestion. There was no significant difference between placebo and tiaramide 100 or 200 mg. No adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 7324838 TI - Human body temperature and controlled cold exposure during moderate and severe experimental alcohol-intoxication. AB - In an attempt to obtain more conclusive data, especially concerning the condition in many cases of very high alcohol concentration, two groups of healthy volunteers were exposed to controlled cold surroundings in a climate chamber after i.v. infusion of 96% ethyl alcohol, 1-2 1/2 ml per kg bodyweight, supplemented with alcohol perorally; the maximum blood alcohol concentration measured was 57 mmol/l, corresponding to 2.62%. One group was not habituated to drinking; the other group was habituated to heavy drinking, but functioned well socially. During the stay in a neutral environment, the alcohol infusion caused a rapid elevation of skin temperature with a short, but significant delay in temperature elevation in the alcohol-habituated group. After controlled exposure to cold, a rapid fall in surface temperature back to pre-alcoholic infusion values was seen in both groups. During cold exposure, core temperature remained unchanged in both groups. No changes in plasma catecholamines were found. A 12 18% increase in metabolic rate was seen in both groups during cold exposure, probably as an expression of the specific dynamic effect of alcohol. That the observed vasoconstriction was sufficient to prevent an undue fall in core temperature is further supported by the fact that neither shivering, nor non shivering thermogenesis was activated, as no visible shivering occurred and no rise in plasma catecholamines was seen. PMID- 7324839 TI - Influence of abdominal surgical trauma on substrate utilization by the human brain. PMID- 7324840 TI - Effects of prolonged anesthesia with enflurane or halothane on renal function in dogs. AB - Elevated serum inorganic fluoride levels (60-300 mumol/l), maintained over 6 h, influenced renal function in beagle dogs. Changes in water reabsorption were seen with an increased urine flow and free water clearance and decreased urinary concentration capacity. Possible nephrotoxicity as an effect of inorganic fluoride production during prolonged enflurane anesthesia was evaluated in a group of beagle dogs. Another group of dogs, anesthetized with halothane in equianesthetic doses, was studied for comparison. Serum inorganic fluoride levels and urinary oxalate excretion were determined and postanesthetic renal morphology was examined. Renal function was evaluated from endogenous clearances and concentration capacity before and after anesthesia. In the enflurane group, serum inorganic fluoride levels peaked at 22.5 mumol/l at the end of anesthesia and decreased rapidly in the postanesthetic period. Urinary oxalate excretion did not increase. No changes in renal morphology were found. Renal function tests did not reveal any disturbance after enflurane anesthesia. The two anesthetized groups did not differ in any of the parameters studied, except in serum inorganic fluoride levels. PMID- 7324841 TI - Blood concentration of lidocaine after spinal anaesthesia using lidocaine and lidocaine with adrenaline. AB - In 32 patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine or lidocaine plus adrenaline, the concentration of lidocaine base was measured in repeated venous blood samples. Half of the patients were given 100 mg lidocaine alone and the other half 100 mg lidocaine with the addition of 0.2 mg adrenaline. The blood concentration of lidocaine was significantly higher in the lidocaine group than in the group that received lidocaine with adrenaline. The mean maximal concentrations in these two groups lay between 0.2 and 0.3 and between 0.1 and 0.2 micrograms/ml, respectively (P less than 0.01). The time required for the individual maximal concentration to be reached was independent of whether the anaesthetic contained adrenaline or not. The blood concentration showed no correlation to body weight, height, or body surface area. In the first 60 min after the spinal injection the extent of the sensory block was the same in the two groups, but at 120 min this extent was significantly greater in the lidocaine adrenaline group (P less than 0.01). The results show that the blood concentration of lidocaine is low in spinal anaesthesia compared with other types of regional anaesthesia. PMID- 7324842 TI - Metabolic ability and enflurane defluorination in surgical patients. AB - Antipyrine clearance and half-life, which are measures of the hepatic metabolic ability, were determined prior to anaesthesia in 14 surgical patients. The antipyrine results correlated neither with the highest serum fluoride concentrations nor with the fluoride excretion in urine following administration of enflurane. Enzyme induction may therefore have little influence on enflurane metabolism in man. Inorganic fluoride concentrations in serum and in excreted urine were determined following the exposure of a total of 21 surgical patients to measured doses of enflurane. In the group of 14 patients tested for metabolic ability, a mean dose of 0.4 end-tidal vol. % X h enflurane resulted in a mean peak serum fluoride concentration of 6.8 mumol/l (maximum 13.6 mumol/l) 2 h after enflurane exposure. In the material as a whole, the enflurane dose was positively correlated with both post-anaesthetic highest serum fluoride concentrations and the 24-h post-anaesthetic urine pH (P less than 0.01) as well as urinary volume and fluoride excretion in urine during that time. At a urinary pH below 5.0, the fluoride excretion was very low, while the highest excretions were associated with a urinary pH of about 7.0. Raising the patient's per- and post-anaesthetic urine pH and maintaining a good urinary output (which also tends to increase urine pH) may be enough to prevent accumulation of inorganic fluoride in the body following enflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 7324843 TI - Effects of renal function on serum fluoride level in dogs during and after enflurane anesthesia. AB - To study the effect of renal function on the increased serum inorganic fluoride level produced by the metabolism of enflurane, three groups of beagle dogs were exposed to prolonged enflurane anesthesia, 1.25 MAC for 8 h. One group was studied both with and without renal function, one group only without renal function, and one group on two different occasions with renal function intact. Serum inorganic fluoride levels were determined every hour during the enflurane anesthesia and on termination for a further 4 h. In dogs with no renal function, the increase rate and the peak of serum inorganic fluoride level were significantly higher than in dogs with renal function. The average peak level in dogs with renal function was 21.4 mumol/l and in dogs with no renal function 38.4 mumol/l. Renal function was found to have the same capacity to increase the inorganic fluoride elimination from serum as other routes of elimination. At corresponding serum levels, the rate of decrease after terminating enflurane anesthesia was 3.5-4.0 mumol/l/h lower without renal function. Reanesthesia after 3 weeks did not significantly change the serum inorganic fluoride levels compared to the first anesthesia. PMID- 7324844 TI - Lumbar epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine in old patients: effect of speed and direction of injection. AB - The spread of lumbar epidural analgesia was studied in 48 old urological patients (56-81 years). Bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml was injected at either 1 ml/s with a Tuohy needle with the bevel directed cephalad (Group I) or caudad (II) and at 0.22 ml/s directed cephalad (III) or caudad (IV). Immediately after injection, the patients moved from a sitting to a horizontal position and analgesia was tested every 2 min by skin pin-prick. At 10 min, there were differences in the mean caudad spread; the greatest spread in Group II was 4.5 segments and the smallest in Group III 2.4 segments, not significant (n.s.). The differences became smaller with time and the maximal spread after 30 min was similar in all groups. In six patients, who all belonged to either Group I or Group III (bevel cephalad), skin analgesia did not reach the S 5 segment. One of the Group I patients developed a transient motor paralysis of the lower extremities immediately upon injection. All patients recovered completely from the block and no toxic reactions were observed. The duration of the block and the accompanying fall of blood pressure were similar in the different groups. The mean venous blood levels of bupivacaine were highest in Group III and lowest in Group I (n.s.). The highest individual bupivacaine blood level was 1.25 micrograms/ml 30 min after injection, while generally the highest concentrations appeared at 20 min after injection. The study indicated a lack of significant difference on varying the speed of injection or turning the Tuohy needle, but it has to be emphasized that this may apply only to bupivacaine, which has distinct physicochemical properties, and also to old patients with an age-dependently modified epidural space. PMID- 7324845 TI - Dose response studies in elderly patients subjected to epidural analgesia. AB - In 51 men, aged 60-87 years, subjected to lumbar epidural analgesia for transurethral resection of the prostate gland, the relationship between doses of 10, 15 and 20 ml mepivacaine 1.5 with adrenaline 1:200,000 and the extension of analgesia was studied. Three different postures during application of epidural analgesia were investigated (left lateral position, sitting position with the patient turned supine immediately after injection, and the sitting position with the patient turned supine 5 min after injection. The results indicate that posture did not significantly influence the extension of analgesia, which was found to be positively correlated to the volume of mepivacaine, and the segmental dose requirement was positively correlated to the volume injected. It is concluded that transurethral resection of the prostate gland in patients over 60 years old can be performed using mepivacaine 1.5% with adrenaline 1:200,000 injected in the lumbar epidural space. In some cases, doses of 15 and 20 ml provoked an unwanted extension of analgesia, reaching the upper thoracic segments. PMID- 7324846 TI - Myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary haemodynamics during fentanyl droperidol-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - Eight patients with stable ischaemic heart disease were investigated to determine the effects of fentanyl (15 micrograms/kg) - droperidol (150 micrograms/kg) - nitrous oxide (75%) anaesthesia, without concomitant fluid challenge, on myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate uptake, and central and coronary haemodynamics. Anaesthesia induced reductions in mean arterial pressure (--35%, P less than 0.01), systemic vascular resistance (--30%, P less than 0.01), left ventricular stroke work index (--50%, P less than 0.01) and total body oxygen consumption (--23%, P less than 0.01), with no changes in heart rate, cardiac output or mean pulmonary arteriolar occlusion pressure. Mixed venous oxygen content increased (P less than 0.05). Systemic vasodilatation, circulatory adaptation to an overall lower metabolic rate, and clinically negligible cardiodepression are the likely mechanisms behind the central haemodynamic response to this form of anaesthesia. Coronary sinus blood flow (measured by the continuous thermodilution technique) decreased (P less than 0.01) in parallel with the decrease in coronary perfusion pressure. Thus coronary vascular resistance remained unchanged. As expected from the haemodynamic findings, myocardial oxygen consumption decreased (--37%, P less than 0.01). Coronary sinus oxygen content and myocardial oxygen extraction did not change, nor was myocardial lactate uptake affected. No ST-T-segment depressions or dysrhythmias were recorded. These observations indicate that myocardial oxygenation was adequate in spite of the reduction in coronary perfusion pressure. There was poor correlation between changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and rate pressure product (R = 0.455) or triple produce (R - 0.375). PMID- 7324847 TI - Effects of fentanyl on respiratory pressure-volume relationship in supine anesthetized children. AB - The effects of fentanyl on total respiratory pressure-volume relationship were studied in 12 supine, anesthetized (thiopental, succinylcholine, halothane, N2O/O2) children, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration of fentanyl, 3 micrograms/kg (Group F) and at similar intervals in 11 control, anesthetized children who did not receive fentanyl (Group C). Lung and chest wall pressure volume relationships were measured in five children from Group F and in six from Group C. Compliance values were estimated from the linear part of PVR curves. In Group F, a significant decrease was observed at 5, 10 and 15 min (maximum 29%) for total compliance and at 15 min (maximum 26%) for lung compliance. Chest wall compliance was reduced (maximum 45%) at 15 min, but not significantly. In Group C, no change in compliances was noted. The comparison between the two groups for total, chest wall and lung compliances showed a significant decrease in these three parameters at 15 min in children receiving fentanyl. The decrease of chest wall compliance can be explained by increased muscle tone, but the mechanism of decreased lung compliance awaits further study. PMID- 7324848 TI - Choice of local anesthetic agents for obstetrics. PMID- 7324849 TI - The interpretation of the fetal heart rate during labour. PMID- 7324851 TI - Critical evaluation of epidural analgesia in obstetrics. PMID- 7324850 TI - Continuous peridural anesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 7324852 TI - Brachial plexus block. PMID- 7324853 TI - Interscalenic approach to the cervico-brachial plexus. AB - The concept of a closed peri-neurovascular space surrounding the cervicobrachial plexus, introduced by A. Winnie, allows the blockade of the cervical and brachial plexuses by means of a single puncture technique. The single puncture has positive advantages: 1. The rapidity of the blockade; 2. The simplicity of the blockade; 3. Comfort for the patient. The landmarks are easy to make. As with epidural blockade, the injection level and the volume of local anesthetic determine the quality and extent of the block. The traditional indication is surgery of the shoulder and of the supraclavicular area. A new indication seems to be the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker. Complications often quoted in literature are Horner syndrome-a minor complication-and blockade of the ascending branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and of the phrenic nerve. The risk of a pneumothorax is almost nil. PMID- 7324855 TI - Improved approach of plexus brachialis by ultrasonic Doppler and by nerve stimulator. PMID- 7324854 TI - Axillary approach of brachial plexus block. PMID- 7324856 TI - Critical evaluation of brachial plexus, spinal, and epidural blocks. PMID- 7324857 TI - Radioisotopic and morphometric evaluation of the effects of beta aminopropionitrile on chick bone matrix formation and its mineralization. AB - Bones from 2-week-old chicks, fed a diet containing 0.05% beta-aminopropionitrile (beta-APN), were studied for 3H-tetracycline and 3H-proline incorporation at 7, 14 and 21 days of the experiment. Liquid scintillation counts showed a comparable amount of 3H-proline incorporation in the controls and experimentals. However, the incorporation of 3H-tetracycline was significantly lower in experimentals at all intervals. Fluorescent microscopy after cold tetracycline injections at similar intervals showed a comparable amount of linear bone apposition in controls and beta-APN-fed chicks. The bone ash content in beta-APN-fed chicks was lower at all intervals whereas the serum calcium level was similar to the controls. Microradiography showed that cortical and marrow areas, in cross sections, were not significantly different in the controls and beta-APN-fed chicks. On the basis of these data it is suggested that beta-APN at the dose used does not inhibit the bone matrix synthesis but inhibits its mineralization. PMID- 7324858 TI - A Golgi-Cox study of tanycytes in the hypothalamic region of the third ventricle in the wild rat, Rattus rattus rattus (L.). AB - In the third ventricle of the wild rat, Golgi-Cox-positive tanycytes of varied shape and size are arranged with their perikarya in the ependymal layer and basal processes extending into the core of the subependyma. The basal processes may be smooth and slender, or barbed and branching, and often take circuitous and overlapping courses. In some, the apical part of the perikaryon projects into the ventricle. In the arcuate region, groups of closely arranged tanycytes whose long basal processes end on the arcuate neurons and the portal vessels in the tubero infundibular sulci are noticed. The tanycytic processes of the median eminence terminate on the portal vessels in the palisade layer. Some tanycytic processes of the mammillary recess even extend up to the ventral surface of the brain and have disc-like terminations. PMID- 7324859 TI - The types of proliferating glioblasts in the immature mouse neocortex and dentate gyrus as revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography. AB - Proliferating glial elements of 3 to 12-day-old mouse parietal cortex and dentate gyrus were investigated by the electron microscopic autoradiography of 3H thymidine. The presence in these regions of three types of proliferating glial precursors was verified and related to astrocyte development. Comparing the two areas studied it was concluded that postnatal glial proliferation is independent from neurogenesis and that astroglia is capable of proliferation even in advanced stages of differentiation. PMID- 7324860 TI - Progressing alterations in transient ischemia of skeletal muscles: an ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructural muscle changes resulting from temporary anoxia and their evolution were studied in dogs. Ischaemia of the hind limb was produced by subcutaneous ligation of all muscles of the thigh and clamping of the femoral artery. Revascularization was obtained by declamping and removal of the muscle ligature. The period of ischaemia ranged from 4 1/2 to 7 h, the latter being the upper limit allowing functional recovery after revascularization. 6-7 h of ischaemia revealed focal degenerative changes of varied intensity. These consisted of enlarged mitochondria with ruptured cristae, small pads of glycogen granules and accumulation of lipid vacuoles. The tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum contained dense, fine-granular material. Focal myofibrillar destruction and disruption of the Z line were encountered in half of the cases. The myofibrillar damage was more severe 9 days after revascularization of the muscles. The functional recovery of the ischaemic limbs in the present study may be due to the focal nature of these changes. PMID- 7324861 TI - Fine structure of the second kind of thyroid follicles in mature guinea pigs. AB - The second kind of follicle (S-follicle) is in mature guinea pigs a morphologically heterogeneous structure located in the central part of the upper two-thirds of the thyroid lobe. An S-follicle may appropriately be divided in an upper, a middle, and a lower part. This paper deals with the ultrastructure of the upper tubular part and the middle part. The latter is further subdivided in an irregular follicle and a distended follicle. In the tubular part a single cell type, termed the S-follicle cell, is dominating. This cell is most often arranged in a single layer and is characterized by an indented nucleus and by presence of pinocytose vesicles and hemi-desmosomes along the basal cytoplasm membrane. In addition, C cells are frequently found. In the irregular follicle five different cell types are noticed: S-follicle cells, dark fibrillar cells, granulated cells, ciliated cells, and C cells. The S-follicle cells display an ultrastructure similar to those in the tubular part but are frequently arranged in two or more layers. Both the tubular part and the irregular follicle are surrounded by connective tissue. In the distended follicle, however, contact areas to thyroid follicles are found. Adjacent to these contact areas, cells with an ultrastructure similar to that of thyroid follicle cells proper are encountered in the wall of the S-follicle. This observation suggests that the distended part of an S-follicle in mature guinea pigs might be regarded as a kind of mixed follicle. The origin of thyroid follicle cells proper in the wall of the S follicle is briefly discussed. PMID- 7324862 TI - Compensation mechanisms for experimental reduction of the functional capacity in the guinea pig placenta. I. Changes in the maternal and fetal placenta vascularization. AB - After experimental reduction of its functional capacity, the placenta of the guinea pig has been studied microscopically for changes in the maternal and fetal vascularization pattern which could be interpreted as a compensation for this reduction. The functional capacity has been reduced in four ways. In the experimental groups the volume compared with untreated controls. The volume density of fetal capillaries in the labyrinthine part of the placenta was increased significantly compared with untreated controls. The surface density of these vessels, however, remained the same as in the control placentas. The volume density and surface density of the maternal lacunae did not change significantly. The conclusion is that after experimental reduction of its functional capacity the only structural modification in the guinea pig placenta involving the maternal and fetal vascularization, which can be interpreted as a compensation mechanism, is a widening of the fetal capillaries in the labyrinth. PMID- 7324863 TI - Compensation mechanisms for experimental reduction of the functional capacity in the guinea pig placenta. II. Changes in the trophoblast of the labyrinth. AB - The functional capacity of the placenta of the guinea pig has been reduced in four different ways. It has been investigated whether changes in the trophoblast of the labyrinthine part of the placenta occurred which could be interpreted as a compensation mechanism for the reduction of the capacity. No significant decrease of the thickness of the maternofetal barrier could be measured nor did enlargement by microvilli of the apical and basal surface of the syncytium change significantly. Activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase showed a great variation, but no differences in activities could be demonstrated. Further, the number of cytotrophoblastic cells was widely spread and no significant difference could be observed, although sometimes large and apparently newly formed parts of lobulus were observed. PMID- 7324864 TI - [Unilateral cerebral lesion and disturbance of face perception. Specificity of the deficit? (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty normal subjects, twenty subjects with a left hemispheric lesion and ten patients with a right-side lesion were tested for visual perception of various categories of complex, not readily verbalizable stimuli : human faces, dog faces, "faces" of motor vehicles, facades of houses. The purpose of the work was to explore the theory that the right hemisphere accomplishes treatment processes specific to faces presented the right way round. A classification pre-test and identification pre-test were followed by a test in which the patient had to identify a model in a group of stimuli of different categories, the material being presented either the right way or the wrong way round. The results bear out the reports in the literature ; they show particular fragility on the part of subjects with right-side lesions confronted with human faces. The data also bear out the theory of specificity, provided that the "face" concept is taken to include all living faces (dogs and human beings). PMID- 7324865 TI - [Olfaction and dementia. Preliminary results of a clinical and experimental study with N-propanol]. AB - Various reports concerning the oro-alimentary ducts of dements and increasing arguments in favour of a new etiopathogenic hypothesis for Pick's disease, involving impaired zinc metabolism and histological lesions partly linked with the hodology of the olfactory system, lie at the origin of our present clinical interest in olfaction. In a first stage, using a technique based on dilution with N-propanol, we observed certain conditions permitting an evaluation of the olfactory capacities of patients with Pick's disease, senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescense. There does not seem to be a decline in olfaction with age. Olfactory capacities in the two forms of dementia studied were distinctly inferior to those of non-dements. Olfactory habituation was more marked, especially in Pick's disease where there were also paradoxical responses which seemed to form part of a more general change in reaction to stimulus. In senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescence the response to olfactory stimulus declines with dilution of N-propanol and lesional extension. Observation of recorded parameters (EEG, psycho-galvanic reflex, ocular movement, breathing) is useful in Pick's disease and may be difficult in senile plaque dementia and neurofibrillary degenerescence. Olfactory capacities appear to constitute an additional criterion on which to base a diagnosis of dementia. They could be used to help establish the neuro-biological bases of certain types of demential behaviour and to observe the progress of tentative therapies. PMID- 7324866 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and amino acids. AB - The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) of oxygen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies and 24 amino acids were examined in 12 patients with presenile dementia and in seven with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Both groups of patients showed significantly lower values of CBF and cerebral uptake of oxygen and glucose than 10 healthy subjects examined concurrently. The values decreased roughly in proportion to the degree of clinical deterioration. Furthermore, the patients exhibited a significant release of lactate and pyruvate. A positive correlation was found between CMR and arterial concentration of ketone bodies. The group with presenile dementia showed no uptake of amino acids, but a significant release of phenylalanine; in addition, CMR of alanine and threonine was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects. These findings suggest a cerebral catabolic state. Four patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus were also studied after shunt operations. All showed an increase of CMR glucose and a decrease of CMR ketone bodies, acetoacetate as well as D-beta hydroxybutyrate, which could not be attributed to a consistent decrease of arterial levels of ketone bodies. PMID- 7324867 TI - Coagulation studies in children and young adults with cerebral ischemic episodes. AB - One hundred and one patients below 45 years and showing objective signs of cerebral ischemia were studied retrospectively for pathogenic factors. Twelve were below 15 years; the male to female ratio was 1:1. Factors known as predisposing (heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus or infectious diseases) and other possible factors (e.g. trauma, abuse) were found in 41 patients. Among women using contraceptive pills there might be an increased risk of development of cerebral thrombosis, but the material was not large enough to warrant statistical analysis. In 64 patients one or more abnormal coagulation values were found, the most frequent being a deficient vessel wall fibrinolysis, which was noted in 38%. We therefore consider it worthwhile to investigate the fibrinolytic defence mechanism of the vessel wall in patients with cerebral thrombosis, since it is possible to treat this condition with specific fibrinolytic stimulating agents. PMID- 7324868 TI - Brain involvement in spasmodic torticollis. PMID- 7324869 TI - Influence of disulfiram on the serum concentration of carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy. AB - Treatment of alcoholics with phenytoin and disulfiram (DI) simultaneously is complicated and inexpedient because of the marked drug interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an interaction exists between DI and carbamazepine (CBZ). The serum levels of CBZ and the metabolite CBZ-10, 11 epoxide were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in seven out patients with epilepsy, on monotherapy with CBZ, before and during two weeks administration of DI. Five patients completed the investigation. None were alcoholics. The changes in the serum levels were insignificant, i.e. without clinical important. Moreover, uncontrolled clinical experience has not indicated any interaction between DI and CBZ. Thus the influence of DI on the metabolism of CBZ is probably negligible. CBZ is suggested, therefore, when anticonvulsive therapy is needed by alcoholics in treatment with DI. PMID- 7324870 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid investigations in multi-infarct dementia and senile dementia. AB - Thirty-eight demented patients were clinically investigated and classified into a multi-infarct dementia (MID) and senile dementia (SD) group. Total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin G, agar gel electrophoretic protein and iso-electric focusing pattern were determined in CSF and serum as well as the lactate dehydrogenase, LD-iso-enzyme pattern and uric acid. No significant differences were found regarding total protein, albumin and immunoglobulin G. The agar gel electrophoresis showed a tau-globulin increase in 18% of the SD-group against 6% of the MID group. The patterns were, however, plasma-like in 56% of the MID group against 23% of the SD group. The iso-electric focusing pattern showed an abnormal band in some SD-patients which was not found in the MID group. The uric acid and LD-enzyme concentration was equal in both CSF and serum. An index [Formula: see text] was calculated to give an approximate correction for the influence of different permeability of the blood-brain and CSF barrier. A significantly higher LD-index was found in the SD-group, suggesting a continuous cell degeneration. PMID- 7324871 TI - Heart muscle disease in familial hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. AB - The case history, skeletal muscle and heart muscle biopsy findings from an affected member of a family suffering from hypokalaemic periodic paralysis associated with permanent muscular weakness are reported. The patient, a female aged 35 years, while treated with 750 mg and later 1000 mg of acetazolamide daily, developed typical exercise angina pectoris. The ECG during exercise showed ST-segment depression. A coronary angiography was performed because coronary artery disease was suspected. To exclude cardiac muscle disease a biopsy of the left ventricular wall was taken. The angiography was normal. Ultrastructural analysis of the biopsy specimen showed an unusual amount of intermyofibrillary glycogen resembling, although far less abundant, the increase of glycogen found in the skeletal muscle biopsy specimen obtained from the same patient. The possible implications of these findings are discussed with reference to the normal echocardiographic findings in the family. PMID- 7324872 TI - Role of carbamazepine in reducing polypharmacy in epilepsy. AB - Carbamazepine was given to 152 patients who were receiving multiple drug therapy for uncontrolled seizures. The age range was 3 to 57 years. The mean average duration of epilepsy and carbamazepine therapy was 7.6 years and 19 months respectively. The conclusions are: (i) Carbamazepine is effective in reducing the multiple drug therapy while still maintaining better control of epilepsy. (ii) Carbamazepine by reducing polypharmacy in epilepsy and probably by the relative lack of sedative action is effective in improving school or work performances. (iii) Carbamazepine is a safe antiepileptic drug. PMID- 7324873 TI - Utilization of antiparkinson drugs in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland 1975 1979. AB - Defined daily doses per day and 10(3) inhabitants [Formula: see text] of the different types of antiparkinson agents have been compared in the period 1975 1979 for Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. A marked increase in the utilization of L-DOPA containing drugs has taken place especially in Sweden following the introduction of the "combined drugs" (L-DOPA + decarboxylase inhibitor). Statistically, nearly all patients with parkinsonism in Sweden have since 1977 been treated with L-DOPA, while in the other nordic countries about 10% of the patients are not on this therapy. These data are discussed in relation to the current concept of pharmacotherapy of parkinsonism. Further, many patients treated with neuroleptic drugs do in addition take anticholinergic agents. Drug utilization figures indicate this method of treatment to be most common in Denmark and Sweden. PMID- 7324874 TI - Incidence of primary intracranial neoplasms in an isolated population (the Faroese) during the period 1962-1975. AB - In a retrospective analysis covering a 14-year-period (1962-1975) the annual incidence of primary intracranial neoplasms in an isolated population of about 40,000 (the Faroese) was found to be 9.9 in 100,000. Out of the 52 patients with intracranial neoplasms 20 were alive, while 32 had died when the study was closed on 31st December 1979. Eighteen out of the 34 patients with supratentorial tumours and one patient with acoustic neurinoma had epilepsy. PMID- 7324875 TI - Diaphragm pacing in the injury of the upper cervical spin. A case report. PMID- 7324876 TI - Modern treatment of spinal deformity. A case report. PMID- 7324877 TI - Muscle ribosome detachment factor. Does it have a role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? AB - A protein that detaches ribosomes from rough microsomal membranes ("detachment factor") (DF) was isolated from the cytosol fraction of rat and human muscle. The procedure of isolation included differential centrifugation, precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The protein which is not completely homogenous, has a molecular weight of 50,000-60,000 daltons, is heat labile and has an optimum pH at 7.4-7.6. The DF activity of the protein is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (73%), pepstatin (67%), and leupeptin (42%), although no proteolysis could be measured. The DF activity was tested on muscle samples (rough microsomal membranes) obtained from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients (7 cases) and normal controls (16 cases). The yield of membrane bound ribosomes (MBR) obtained from muscle samples of DMD patients by extraction with DF is 5-fold higher than from muscle samples of normal controls. The difference in MBR yield is not related to the type of DF. Similar values for MBR were obtained with rat and human (normal and dystrophic) DF. Ribosomal protein synthesis (RPS) with ribosomes extracted by DF showed values similar to the RPS of detergent extracted ribosomes. Our findings suggest the observed increase in membrane bound ribosomes in DMD probably results from increased levels of mRNAs coding for membrane and secretory proteins such as collagen. PMID- 7324878 TI - Osteomalacia in institutionalized epileptic patients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. AB - The occurrence of anticonvulsant osteomalacia was studied in 31 epileptic inpatients, 16 women and 15 men. Disturbances in biochemical parameters indicating osteomalacia were frequent. Thirty two per cent of the patients were hypocalcemic, 55% had an increase in S-ALP and 26% in U-HOP, and dU-Ca was decrease in 55%. The S-25OHD3 concentrations were significantly lower in the patients compared with healthy controls. BMD was decreased in females but not in males compared wih the controls. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increase in the amount of osteoid, but the amount of trabecular bone was no lower than in the controls. The amount of resorption surfaces was increased in the females, but not in the males. The patients who took less physical activity had a pronounced decrease in BMD. The conclusion drawn was that osteomalacia is a frequent complication of long-term anticonvulsant medication, especially among institutionalized patients. PMID- 7324879 TI - Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of neonatal brain damage. AB - The occurrence of brain damage in 57 full term neonates was investigated. The infants were submitted to a prospective protocol involving clinical (neurological and electroencephalographical) and biological examinations, including the determination of the fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid on D1, D3, D8 and D15. Psychomotor events were followed up for a year. Traumatic lumbar taps did not disturb the results significantly. Blood samples were not found to contain noticeable amounts of FDP. Conversely, the existence of FDP in CSF was not infrequent near to delivery and was shown to be closely related to brain damage as evaluated by the psychomotor events. PMID- 7324880 TI - Manifest glaucoma in the aged I: occurrence nine years after a population survey. AB - The present study was based on already existing clinical data concerning 599 persons born before 1907, examined during a general ophthalmic survey 1969-72 and still remaining in the same district in July 1980. At the survey 1969-72, 19 out of 1057 persons had manifest glaucoma, 14 were already treated for ocular hypertension, 54 had an IOP greater than 20.5 mmHg and 970 were considered normal. Immediately after the survey, 17 patients were treated for manifest glaucoma and 19 for ocular hypertension. During the following 9 years treated persons were lost to a greater extent (64%) than untreated persons (43%). In July 1980 only 6 persons treated for manifest glaucoma since the survey remained, and 3 of them were socially blind. One out of 7 treated and 2 out of 28 untreated persons with ocular hypertension at the survey had developed visual field defects 9 years later. Manifest glaucomas, often advanced cases, were also detected in 9 persons considered normal at the survey. 5 out of 12 persons with manifest glaucoma detected after the survey had an IOP less than 20.5 mmHg at detection. The visual capacity of persons still remaining in the district 1980 was largely independent of all efforts to prevent blindness from glaucoma in the present population. PMID- 7324881 TI - Manifest glaucoma in the aged II: cases detected by ophthalmoscopy. AB - Ten consecutive cases of manifest glaucoma detected by optic disc assessment in ophthalmic patients born before 1907 were followed. Visual disability and subjective symptoms were common but usually caused by a combination of the glaucoma with other eye diseases. Disc haemorrhages were noted in all cases but two. The highest intraocular pressure recorded was below 23.5 mmHg in all cases but one with disc haemorrhage and one without. PMID- 7324882 TI - Corneal anaesthesia after topical treatment with timolol maleate. A case report. PMID- 7324883 TI - Primary scleral atrophy and retinal detachment. AB - In a retrospective study 27 patients with retinal detachment had an advanced primary scleral atrophy, needing treatment with a scleral graft. Among these 27 patients none was younger than 47. There was s good correlation between the location of the atrophic sclera and the retinal tears. Many of these eyes had an oblique astigmatism. Lattice degeneration was found to be rare. A history of retinal detachment was common in the fellow eye. The scleral grafts were well accepted by the eyes. PMID- 7324884 TI - Early effects of sodium iodate on the directly recorded standing potential of the eye and on the c-wave of the DC registered electroretinogram in albino rabbits. AB - The early effects of intravenously administered sodium iodate (NaIO3) on the directly recorded standing potential (SP) of the eye and on the c- and b-waves of the DC registered ERG were studied in 8 anaesthetized albino rabbits. In 5 of 6 animals obtaining 40 mg NaIO3/kg bwt. the SP decreased immediately following the injection, and had attained a level 3.5 - 4 mV below the original one after 1 h. The c-wave declined rapidly and 6 min after the injection it was replaced by a large cornea-negative potential. The b-wave was relatively unchanged except in one animal. In 2 rabbits treated with 30 mg NaIO3/kg btw. and in the 6th animal obtaining 40 mg NaIO3/kg bwt. an SP increase instead of a decrease was seen, and the c-wave was more slowly (about 22 min after the injection) replaced by the cornea-negative potential. The b-wave was somewhat increases. These results demonstrate the dose-related and inter-individual variability in the SP reaction to NaIO3 and are in good agreement with the well-known ultrastructural pigment epithelial injury and c-wave changes produced by this substance. PMID- 7324885 TI - Testing for hypermetropia in the school vision screening programme. AB - The need and accuracy of a hypermetropia test, recommended as a screening test in Swedish schools, was evaluated in a series of 118 8-year-old children not wearing glasses. The distant visual acuity was determined without correction and with plus spheres of two different strengths, +1.5 D and +2.0 D respectively. When compared to the objective refraction and with an arbitrary limit of hypermetropia of +2.5 diopters, it could be shown that neither of the hypermetropia tests fulfilled the criteria of an adequate screening test. Except for two children all hypermetropics beyond +3.0 were previously known. The reading skills of the children were estimated by their teachers. No correlation was found between the degree of hypermetropia and reading difficulties. The results indicate that the hypermetropia test could be omitted from the regular vision tests of schoolchildren, at least in areas covered with an efficient pre-school vision screening. PMID- 7324886 TI - Simultaneous two flash static photoskiascopy. A simple method for screening of children with strabismus or high refractive errors by simultaneous static photographic skiascopy of the horizontal and vertical meridian of both eyes and the documentation of the corneal and fundus reflexes in one photograph. PMID- 7324887 TI - Contact lenses and mechanical trauma to the eye. An experimental study. AB - Eyes of anaesthetized rabbits, fitted with contact lenses, were exposed to showers of burning grit particles. Hard contact lenses provided efficient protection for the covered part of the cornea. Soft lenses also had a certain protective effect since the majority of the particles rebounded and the others caused only superficial epithelial damage to the cornea. The soft lenses were themselves heavily damaged. Exposure to attack by large particles of metal was also tested. The hard lenses, which splintered at a lower energy than that required for penetration of the cornea, could increase the risk of injury by penetration of splinters of plastic. Soft lenses with high liquid content constituted neither a protection nor a risk. Soft lenses with low water content were, however, significantly different from the other types since a considerably higher momentum of the particles was required for penetration of the cornea when covered by such lenses. PMID- 7324888 TI - Protection of the eyes with ophthalmic ointments during general anaesthesia. AB - In a double blind trial 47 anaesthetized patients were given eye protection with the paraffin-based neutral eye ointment Ph. Nord. 63 in one eye and the water based Methyl cellulose (MC) 4% in the other. Twenty-four hours later the eyes were vital-stained with rose bengal/fluorescein. No unintended effects of the ointments were found and no injury to the eyes were seen. Compared with the paraffin-based ointment the MC ointment produced a more firm adhesion of the eyelids. A water-based 4% MC ointment is therefore as alternative to the fat based neutral eye ointment. PMID- 7324889 TI - Spontaneous regression of a retinoblastoma. A case report. PMID- 7324890 TI - Patterns of acoustic reflex and auditory brainstem response abnormality. PMID- 7324891 TI - Electron microscopical studies of the effect of time lapse on outer hair cells in acoustically exposed rabbits. AB - After acoustic exposure of a pure tone of 2 kHz, 100 dB for 2 hours, the outer hair cells of the rabbits were observed by electron microscope. The infranuclear region of the cells in the lower half of the second turn were observed in this experiment. In this region, small vesicles, free ribosomes and coated vesicles decreased or increased in number, and the cytoplasmic matrix became lower or higher in electron density after acoustic exposure. Immediately after exposure the percentage of normal cells was 25% and increased to 60% within a period of one month. The effect of time lapse on the damaged cells' recovery is discussed. PMID- 7324892 TI - Electroneurography in the prognostication of Bell's palsy. AB - Electroneurography with automatic signal analysis and EMG have been used in repeated examinations of 23 patients with Bell's palsy in order to evaluate the usefulness of electroneurography for prognostication. Electroneurographic data (amplitude and area asymmetry) discriminate between groups of patients recovering with different degrees of sequelae on day 4. Prognosis for recovery for the individual patient can be judged with relatively high accuracy on day 4 (70% of the patients). The method is well adaptable for automatic analysis for routine diagnostic practice, fast, reliable and gives useful clinical information at an early stage of the palsy. Different methods for facial nerve examination are reviewed in the article and the pathophysiology of nerve damage and recovery with different degree of nerve involvement is discussed. PMID- 7324893 TI - Degenerative changes in the distal stump of the severed human facial nerve. AB - Specimens of distal segments of the human facial nerve obtained at reinnervation surgery (hypoglossal-facial anastomosis) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Severance of the facial nerve led to the Wallerian degeneration in the distal segment. When the lesion was made at the intracranial level of the nerve, the sensory bundle remained intact. In a specimen 17 days after section, motor fibers either had disappeared or had loss of axons and advanced stage of myelin breakdown. Sensory fibers appeared intact. In two specimens three months after severance, many Schwann cells of degenerated fibers still possessed degraded myelin; most Schwann cells had ingested myelin and formed endoneurial tubes (bands of Bungner). Endoneurium showed proliferation of fibroblasts and increased collagen deposition. A specimen obtained seven months after section showed fibrosis only. The fifth specimen obtained 30 months after severance of the tympanic segment showed only mild collagenization and well formed, not appreciably shrunken Schwann tubes. The distal stump of human facial nerve appears to undergo less denervation atrophy than demonstrated in the peripheral nerves of experimental animals. The collagenization process appears to be essentially completed already after three months denervation with little change after that. The distal stump of the human facial nerve appears to provide a good structural basis for reinnervation even after prolonged denervation. PMID- 7324894 TI - The effects of low dose ethacrynic acid on the guinea pig cochlea with special reference to normal variations in the stria vascularis. PMID- 7324895 TI - Cochlear damage from chlorhexidine in guinea pigs. AB - The disinfectant chlorhexidine has been extensively used as preoperative skin sterilizing agent. In the early 1970s it was suspected from clinical experience that inner ear damage with deafness might result from chlorhexidine accidentally introduced into the middle ear during preoperative skin disinfection. In order to study if chlorhexidine by local application in the middle ear has any ototoxic effect resulting in morphological changes in the organ of Corti, the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs was exposed to two different concentrations of the substance. Two different solvents were used and the duration of exposure was varied. The animals were sacrificed 2, 3, 4 or 10 weeks after exposure. In surface preparations of the organ of Corti, damage was seen in almost all exposed ears, related in extent to the concentration of chlorhexidine, the duration of exposure, and the time lapse after exposure. Furthermore, it was found that inner ear damage often extended beyond the organ of Corti and pathological changes were also observed in the mucosal lining of the tympanic cavity. PMID- 7324896 TI - Ossicular damage in chronic middle ear inflammation. PMID- 7324897 TI - [Light and electron microscopic study of the vestibular nerve and Scarpa's ganglion in Meniere's disease]. AB - Degenerative changes in both the nervus vestibularis and in Scarpa's ganglion depending on the duration of Meniere's disease are visualized by light and electron microscopy. The specimens were obtained by transtemporal neurectomy in patients with Meniere's disease and were fixed quickly. On the thick nerve fibres (pars superior) a splintering of the myelin lamellae, an increase in the nerve fibre diameter and the formation of myelin globes were found. On the thin nerve fibres (pars inferior) protrusion and introversion of whole parts of the myelin sheath had been observed. In the later stages of the disease, losses of axons and decay of myelin sheath were evident. In Scarpa's ganglion, different stages of ganglion cell degeneration were found. The degenerative morphological changes in the nerve and ganglion were more obvious in later stages of the disease. PMID- 7324898 TI - The distribution of type I and type II cells in the cristae ampullaris of the guinea pig. AB - The sensory epithelium of the crista ampullaris can be divided both structurally and as regards sensitivity to noxious agents into a central and a peripheral zone. The question is, whether this differentiation is also reflected in the distribution of the two types of sensory cells. The present electron microscopic study, based on morphometric investigations of longitudinal and transverse sections through the crista, shows that in the guinea pig, the relative distribution of the two cell types is uniform throughout the sensory epithelium. There are about 60% type I and about 40% type II cells in both the central and peripheral areas of the crista. PMID- 7324899 TI - The organization of the horizontal semicircular duct, ampulla and utricle in the rat and guinea pig. AB - Microdissections of the labyrinth of the guinea pig and rat were carried out with the labyrinth in place in the skull. This enabled photographs to be taken from a standardized identified orientation so as to show the relation of the horizontal semicircular duct and utricle to the planes of the head, and changes in the horizontal duct and utricle during development. It was also possible to show, for the first time, the relation of the horizontal duct and utricle to major brainstem structures. Photographic evidence is presented of the distribution of dark cells around the horizontal duct and ampulla in the guinea pig and of postnatal developmental changes in dark cells in the rat. PMID- 7324900 TI - The inner ear in Bronx waltzer mice. PMID- 7324901 TI - Possible cellular immunity against acoustic neuroma. PMID- 7324902 TI - Bromocriptine-induced changes in hormone secretion and cell morphology in growth hormone and prolactin producing pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7324903 TI - Nasal vasomotor oscillations in the cat associated with the respiratory rhythm. AB - Asymmetrical nasal vasomotor oscillations mediated via the cervical sympathetic nerve have been observed in the spontaneously breathing cat. The vasomotor activity persists after abolition of spontaneous respiration with a neuromotor relaxant agent indicating that the vasomotor activity originates in the respiratory areas of the brain and is not due to any of the mechanical effects of respiration. The nasal vasomotor activity is abolished on hyperventilation indicating that it may be driven from a central respiratory oscillator. The vasomotor activity exhibits a reciprocal activity with oscillations in sympathetic activity alternating from one nasal passage to the other and this may be due to a direct relationship with a nasal cycle in the cat. PMID- 7324904 TI - Mid-facial sagittal growth following resection of the nasal septum-vomer: a roentgencephalometric study in the domestic cat. AB - The surgical correction of nasal septal deviation observed in children is usually postponed until adult age presumably on the assumption of interference with facial growth. In order to elucidate this hypothesis, the entire basis of the cartilaginous nasal septum and vomer was extirpated in a group of growing domestic cats. The operation resulted in a basally unsupported septum being separated from the palatal halves by loose connective tissue. The sagittal mid facial growth in these animals was then compared with that of sham-operated and unoperated controls. From measurements on lateral skull radiograms, taken at the start and end of the experiment, no difference in sagittal mid-facial development could be found among the three groups. The findings suggest that growth of the nasal septum/vomer, at least at its basal parts, is not involved in facial development during the period from infancy to adulthood. PMID- 7324905 TI - Vascular hamartoma of the paranasal sinuses. AB - A 12-year-old male child had spontaneous, recurrent bouts of profuse bleeding from the nose for 15 days. On examination of the nose a purplish polypoidal mass, which bled at touch filled the entire right nasal cavity. On lateral rhinotomy, a soft, greyish, cheesy mass was found, choking the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinuses and the nasal cavity on the right side. It was completely excised. The histopathology report was vascular hamartoma (haemangioma). PMID- 7324906 TI - Epistaxis secondary to oral contraceptive. PMID- 7324907 TI - Evaluation of a nation-wide neonatal metabolic screening programme in Sweden 1965 1979. AB - In Sweden, neonatal screening for phenylketonuria was started in 1965 and a total of 1 326 000 infants were studied up to 1979. During various periods of time, screening was also carried out for galactosaemia, hereditary tyrosinaemia, histidinaemia, and homocystinuria. In screening for phenylketonuria and galactosaemia no false-negative results were obtained and the incidences were 1/30 850 and 1/81 100, respectively. In screening for hereditary tyrosinaemia only 1 out of 6 patients was identified by screening and the incidence was 1/106 710. Two cases of histidinaemia were detected, which corresponds to an incidence of 1/36 840. Both children developed normally without any treatment. No child with homocystinuria was detected in the screened population of more than 300 000 newborn infants. A screening programme involving phenylketonuria and galactosaemia was considered to be optimal among the tested disorders. PMID- 7324908 TI - Immunoreactive trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in cord blood from infants with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7324909 TI - Effects of cystic fibrosis serum and cell culture medium on the mucociliary activity of the respiratory tract. An in vitro study in rabbits. AB - As previously reported a cystic fibrosis factor (CFF) is associated with the dyskinetic ciliary motion induced by serum and cell culture medium from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study a sensitive, standardization method, for the photoelectric recording of mucociliary activity was used to examine the effect of sera and media from cell cultures taken from patients with CF and healthy controls, on the mucociliary activity of rabbit trachea in vitro. No signs of decreased mucociliary activity were observed and electron microscopy showed normal ultrastructure and orientation of cilia. PMID- 7324910 TI - Gastric emptying in infants with cystic fibrosis. AB - Gastric emptying of meals of pasteurized human milk or infant formula was studied in 4 infants aged 5 weeks to 4 months with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency. A marker dilution technique was used. Three of the patients showed gastric emptying rates higher than those of controls during the first hour after receiving the meal. The gastric emptying rate of the remaining patients, both after a meal of human milk and of infants formula, was similar to that of the controls. PMID- 7324911 TI - Gastric emptying in infants fed human milk or infant formula. AB - Gastric emptying of meals of human milk or infant formula was studied in 17 healthy infants aged 4 weeks to 6 months using a marker dilution technique. In the 24 studies performed gastric emptying followed a biphasic pattern in 11 and a linear pattern in 12 studies. The average gastric half-emptying time for meals of human milk was 48 min, and for meals of infant formula 78 min. After 1 hour an average of 29.5 ml of human milk and 22.7 ml of infant formula per 0.1 m2 of body surface area had emptied from the stomach. PMID- 7324912 TI - Albumin administration combined with phototherapy in treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in low-birth-weight infants. AB - Fifty-nine jaundiced light treated newborn infants with low birth weight were studied. At onset of phototherapy 30 infants received 1 g human serum albumin per kg body weight as a 9% solution containing sodium caprylate and N acetyltryptophan as stabilizers. 29 infants did not receive human serum albumin and served as controls. Blood samples were taken before initiation of the therapy and again 24 and 48 h thereafter, and the following determinations were made: Serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, albumin, reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin by the [14C]-MADDS method, packed cell volume and pH. Before infusion of albumin it was found that the binding fraction of serum albumin, i.e. the sum of the serum concentrations of bilirubin-albumin and reserve albumin, constituted about half of the total serum albumin concentration. The other half was non-binding, in agreement with previous findings in neonates. The effect of albumin therapy was mainly an unexpected increase of the non-binding fraction of serum albumin, while the increase of the serum reserve albumin concentration was small and the concentration of bilirubin-albumin was not changed. PMID- 7324913 TI - Infants with low rate of weight gain. I. A study of organic factors and growth patterns. AB - To evaluate the clinical significance of low rate of weight gain 81 infants wer investigated with a deviation of weight corresponding to a decrease of at least one S.D.-score of weight attained in the current Swedish growth chart. In 28 patients this decrease was of organic origin, notably intestinal disease. Three different growth variables were compared: attained weight (transformed to S.D. score), change in S.D.-score of attained weight per time unit (= rate of change of deviation in S.D.-score/year) and rate of weight gain in kg/year (transformed to S.D.-score). Twenty-two of 28 infants with organic diseases had a subnormal rate of weight gain whereas only 12 attained subnormal weight for age. The use of rate of weight gain is the most sensitive growth variable and is far better than the use of attained weight as an indicator of ill-health. Change in S.D.-score of attained weight for screening purposes give good agreement with rate of weight gain, provided that age is taken into account. PMID- 7324914 TI - Infants with low rate of weight gain. II. A study of environmental factors. AB - Eighty-one infants were investigated to evaluate the clinical significance of low rate of weight gain. An organic etiology was found in 28 infants. The remaining infants were analysed with special respect to their psychosocial environment. Growth was assessed by rate of weight gain. Thirty-four infants had subnormal rates. Comparisons were made with 18 infants with low but normal rates and a control group of 72 infants. Several psychosocial risk factors were overrepresented in infants with subnormal rate of weight gain such as unemployment, ill-health in fathers, dependence on social welfare etc. No significant differences were found in perinatal factors except for birth weight. The magnitude of the load of adverse factors within the family was measured as a score. A significant negative correlation was found between the score obtained and the rate of weight gain. PMID- 7324915 TI - Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant. An evaluation of two methods. AB - The scoring systems of Dubowitz et al. and Parkin et al. were evaluated in two selected materials of newborn infants referred to a neonatal unit. Our estimation of gestational age by Dubowitz scores tended to be too high for the extreme prematures. "Small-for-dates" were also overestimated, whilst "appropriate-for dates" and infants with respiratory difficulties were underestimated. "Large-for dates" fell close to the standard curve. Ninety-five per cent confidence limits were up to +/- 5 weeks for Dubowitz scores and nearly +/- 6 weeks for Parkin scores. Further statistical analysis displayed some limitations in the use of linear regression formulas for scoring systems based on external and/or neurological characteristics. Thus, the results obtained with these methods must be used with caution in some selected newborn materials. PMID- 7324916 TI - Screening for viral infections in infants with poor intrauterine growth. PMID- 7324917 TI - The effect of a virtually cholesterol-free, high-linoleic-acid vegetarian diet on serum lipoproteins of children with familial hypercholesterolemia (type II-A). AB - The effect of a virtually cholesterol-free, high-linoleic-acid vegetarian diet and a high-linoleic-acid "normal" diet with a moderate cholesterol content was tested in 39 children heterozygote for hypercholesterolemia type II-A. The diets were administered in an outpatient cross-over design of two periods of 10 weeks each and the serum lipoproteins were analyzed at the end of the two 10-week periods. The vegetarian diet induced a decrease in serum concentrations of LDL-II total and free cholesterol and of apo-B, by an average of 10%, whereas HDL cholesterol and apo-A-I decreased by 4%. The disproportionately large change in LDL compared to the small change in HDL was interpreted as an antiatherogenic effect of the vegetarian diet. PMID- 7324918 TI - The effect on growth of childhood asthma. AB - The effect on growth of asthma has been documented in a prospective study from age 7 to 21 years in a randomly selected group of 342 subjects. These subjects covered the whole spectrum of childhood wheezing. Growth suppression was first noted at 10 years of age in the more severely affected groups and was most marked at 14 years of age. By 21 years of age, all groups had achieved a height and weight not significantly different from control subjects. Growth delay occurred in children with more persistent asthma even if they had never received oral corticosteroid therapy but growth was more delayed in those receiving oral steroids. The effect of steroids was most significant in those with frequent episodic asthma whose asthma alone was probably not sufficiently severe to retard growth. PMID- 7324919 TI - Work of breathing, intra-thoracic pressure and clinical findings in a group of babies with bronchiolitis. AB - Total work of breathing was measured on 55 occasions on 26 babies with acute bronchiolitis using a respiratory jacket to measure tidal volume and a naso gastric tube to record oesophageal pressure. Work of breathing was increased six fold on average and on one occasion exceeded forty times the expected. Approximately 40% of the intra-thoracic pressure swing was positive relative to atmospheric. It was not possible to correlate the work of breathing measurements with detailed clinical assessments. PMID- 7324920 TI - Hemoglobin A1 in galactosemia, a possible role in monitoring dietary compliance. AB - The finding of elevated HbA1 levels in two galactosemic infants of 24.1% and 23.8% (normal 6.3-8.2%) led to an assessment of the effects of dietary management in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child te uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child te uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child with galactokinase deficiency. Five transferase deficient children had elevated HbA1 levels, and four of these agreed to a six week strict dietary exclusion of galactose and lactose. This trial resulted in a fall in HbA1 levels in all subjects (mean 12.6% to mean 9.2%). These results suggest HbA1 levels may be of value in assessing and ensuring dietary compliance in galactosemia. PMID- 7324921 TI - Early prediction of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus from perinatal risk factors: a discriminant analysis model. AB - A scoring system based on discriminant analysis was devised to predict, within 24 hours after birth, whether or not a premature infant will subsequently develop a symptomatic PDA. Five risk factors including birth weight, the diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease, intrauterine growth retardation, acute perinatal stress, and treatment with distending airway pressure were reduced to a discriminant score which separated infants with symptomatic PDA from infants without symptomatic PDA. Based on this score, the likelihood that an individual infant would later develop symptomatic PDA could be expressed as a probability function. When applied prospectively, this score predicted the correct outcome of 80% of infants in a test population. This predictive model should be useful in clinical trials and other applications requiring a quantitative expression of risk for developing symptomatic ductus shunting. PMID- 7324922 TI - Serum indomethacin concentrations after intravenous administration to preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Six preterm infants with PDA received 14 treatments with indomethacin 0.2 mg/kg intravenously. Auscultatory and echocardiographic assessment indicated closure of the duct in 2, partial closure in 2, and no effect in 2 infants. The mean serum concentration of indomethacin was: 15 min after the first injection 1 314 ng/ml, after 1 hour 970 ng/ml, after 6 hours 718 ng/ml, and after 24 hours 388 ng/ml. The mean half-life of indomethacin in the serum was 20 hours (range 9-50 hours). Side effects in all infants were hyponatraemia, decreased urinary output, decreased urinary sodium excretion, and weight gain. One infant had transient thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. By intravenous administration of indomethacin in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg to preterm infants a sufficiently high serum concentration is obtained shortly after the injection. To maintain a high serum concentration for a longer period it is recommended to give a second dose of 0.2 mg/kg after 6 hours and if necessary a third dose of 0.1 mg/kg 24 hours after the first dose. PMID- 7324923 TI - Contrast echocardiography: the descending thoracic aorta and the left atrial posterior wall in neonates. AB - Contrast echocardiographic studies were performed in two neonates. Glucose injections through umbilical arterial catheters demonstrate that the descending thoracic aorta is in close contact with the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) and with the atrioventricular junction. The recognition of this particular part of LAPW is extremely important since it shows that the ultrasound beam is not in the standard direction. Probably the left atrium cannot so easily expand in that direction. Consequently, the left atrial dimension should not be measured here for the purpose of controlling variations in left atrium dilatation. PMID- 7324924 TI - Enzyme studies and neonatal brain damage. AB - The authors report a double-blind study of 57 full-term newborn infants prospectively subjected to clinical, electroencephalographical, blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and developmental examinations. Four enzymatic activities were measured in blood and CSF: aminotransferase (ASAT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD). Close relationships of enzymatic levels with psychomotor outcome are reported. In blood, ASAT and CL seemed to be the most important determinations, allowing threshold-values to be suggested. In CSF, LD and HBD were the determinations the most closely related to psychomotor events at age one. This method seems to be of theoretical as well as practical importance in evaluating neonatal brain injury. PMID- 7324925 TI - Infantile spasm and tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7324926 TI - Diagnostic aids for benign tumors of the liver in children. AB - Primary benign tumour of the liver in 2 children was successfully extirpated. The tumours had appeared as a palpable abdominal mass. Laboratory examinations, pulmonary X-ray and urography were in the main normal. Abdominal plain films revealed an expansive process. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography showed in one of the cases a left-sided homogeneous tumour of the liver. These non invasive methods of investigation are easy to perform in children and give ample information. Angiography appears to be no longer necessary in the preoperative investigation. The treatment of localized benign tumours is mainly surgical. With the exception of hemangioma, the prognosis in cases of benign hepatic tumour is good. PMID- 7324927 TI - Lactose malabsorption in Jordanian infants and young children. PMID- 7324928 TI - Spectrum of malignancies in Indian children. A preliminary report. PMID- 7324929 TI - Transitory congenital hypothyroidism and maternal thyroiditis. AB - The case histories of two sisters with congenital hypothyroidism are described. Their mother had had high titers of circulating thyroid antibodies during each pregnancy. In the older sister, antibodies were detected at 4 weeks but not a 6 months of age. This girl showed a partial hypothyroidism, that required replacement therapy. However, in the younger sister, the hypothyroidism was reversible and replacement therapy was discontinued after 2 years. PMID- 7324930 TI - Extensive congenital malformations in two siblings. Maternal pre-diabetes or a new syndrome? AB - Two sibs with similar and unusual abnormalities (skeletal malformations, cheilognatopalatoschizis, ear dysplasia, heart malformation) are described. The question as to whether these cases represent a previously undescribed recessive syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7324931 TI - Epidemiology and classification of acute, neonatal respiratory disorders. A prospective study. AB - In a prospective study a population of 32 281 newborn infants in Sweden was screened for signs of respiratory disease. All affected infants (2.9%) were investigated systematically and classified. Incidence and case fatality rates were calculated and related to gestational age, birth weight, sex and postnatal asphyxia, all of which strongly influenced one or both rates. The diagnostic system used was found suitable for future epidemiological research. PMID- 7324932 TI - Relationship between apnoea and bradycardia in preterm infants. AB - Nine studies were carried out on seven babies who were having repeated episodes of bradycardia without any clinically obvious apnoea. Their mean gestational age was 31.7 weeks (range 29 to 36 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 1.56 kg (range 1.08 kg to 2.16 kg). Investigations were carried out in a total body plethysmograph. Face mask with a pneumotachograph attached to it measured flow. Tidal volume was obtained by integrating these signals. An oesophageal balloon measured intrathoracic pressure changes and the heart rate was measured from ECG chest electrodes. A total of 172 episodes of apnoea were observed. In 50% of these apnoeas, the airway was closed as determined by the absence of cardiac artefact on the flow signals. Apnoea was associated with bradycardia in just over 25% of all apnoea. It tended to occur early (11 to 14 sec). Whether the apnoea was central or obstructive had no effect on the pattern provided the baby did not make any inspiratory efforts. Inspiration against a closed airway produced bradycardia in over 50% of obstructive apnoea, the heart rate falling precipitously within 1 to 2 sec. These findings indicate that often bradycardias occur too early in apnoea to be due to central hypoxia and must be due to a peripheral mechanism. PMID- 7324933 TI - Metabolic effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. I. Arterial blood glucose concentrations. AB - Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood glucose concentrations were investigated in 83 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group, a continuous epidural, and a paracervical + pudendal block group. Lidocaine was used in the analgesia groups. All infants except those of the asphyxia group had 1-minute Apgar scores greater than or equal to 7.1) In the asphyxiated infants high blood glucose values and strong correlations between blood glucose concentrations and different signs of asphyxia (Apgar score, base deficit and lactate) were found. 2) In infants whose mothers were given regional analgesia the results were: (a) high glucose values in 20% of the infants and an association between increased glucose concentrations in these infants and signs of fetal distress, (b) low blood glucose values (less than 1.67 mmol/l) in 27% of the infants. It is recommended that the blood glucose is checked in the newborns after obstetric regional analgesia. PMID- 7324934 TI - Metabolic effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. II. Arterial plasma concentrations of glycerol, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate. AB - Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood concentrations of the lipid metabolites: glycerol, free fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate were investigated in 85 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group, a continuous epidural, an intermittent epidural and a paracervical + pudendal block group: lidocaine was the drug used in the analgesia groups. The postnatal changes in lipid metabolites followed three different patterns. After marked increases in glycerol and free fatty acids a steady level was reached after one hour in the control group and not before two hours in the regional analgesia groups. In the asphyxia group, however, a steady level was found already 10 min after birth. Between 30 and 120 min after birth the beta hydroxybutyrate concentration increased in the control group, decreased in the asphyxia group and did not change in the three regional analgesia groups. The different patterns of lipid metabolites may indicate differences in sympathetic tone and/or in hormonal influences after birth. PMID- 7324935 TI - Hyperlipemia among 1407 Danish children whose fathers have died from ischemic heart disease before age 45. AB - 1407 children whose fathers had died from ischemic heart disease before age 45 were investigated. 15% had hypercholesterolemia and 8% hypertriglyceridemia at visit 1. At visit 2 and 3 this number of children with hyperlipemia fell to a minimum of 3% and 1.4%, resp. which is around 10 times higher than in a reference population. 1.8% of the children had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) which is 10-15 times higher than in a reference population. These findings indicate that serum lipids should always be measured in children from such coronary heart risk families, and a decision made whether or not their permanent hyperlipemia should be treated. PMID- 7324936 TI - Plasma apoprotein and lipid patterns in newborns: influence of nutritional factors. AB - In this study the plasma lipid and apoprotein concentrations have been assayed in 80 full-term newborns, at 0, 7 and 30 days of life, and the data have been analyzed as a function of the composition of the diet. The total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, the apo A-I, A-II and B protein concentrations were followed in 4 groups of infants receiving respectively breast-feeding, adapted formulae I, II with a P/S ratio close to that of maternal milk and a formula III enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. After 7 and 30 days the infants receiving the adapted formulae I and II have plasma lipid and apoprotein values similar to those of the breast-fed infants indicating a parallel evolution of the lipids and apoproteins in the three groups. The lipid and apoprotein patterns were significantly different in the group of infants receiving a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total and VLDL-LDL cholesterol and the apo B protein concentrations are significantly lower than in the breast-fed infants after 7 days, and these differences become more pronounced after 30 days. These results suggest that the fatty acid composition of the diet influences the lipid and lipoprotein synthesis in newborns, specially by decreasing the lipid and apoprotein concentrations of the VLDL-LDL fraction. PMID- 7324937 TI - Neuronal ceroidlipofuscinosis: CCT findings in fourteen patients. AB - CCT was performed in 14 children/adolescents with juvenile ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) at different stages of the disease. CCT was normal in 7 patients; mildly abnormal in 3, clearly abnormal in another 3 and severely abnormal in 1 patient. Characteristic findings were symmetrical enlargement of subarachnoid spaces and of the lateral and third ventricles. White matter showed no changes in density. In later stages also the fourth ventricle was enlarged and cerebellar atrophy was seen. CCT findings were not closely correlated with onset and/or severity of the neurological abnormalities. CCT findings were positively correlated with age of the patients: CCT was usually normal if patients were less than 10 years old, and usually abnormal if patients were more than 14 years old. PMID- 7324938 TI - Ceruloplasmin levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in small preterm infants during the early anemia of prematurity. AB - Ceruloplasmin plasma levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were studied in appropriate for gestational age preterm infants (birth weights less than or equal to 1500 g) during the first 10 weeks of life. Preterm infants had significantly lower ceruloplasmin concentrations in cord blood than term infants, the mean level in the preterm infants being 0.07 g/l. At 1 week of age ceruloplasmin levels had risen significantly, whereupon a fall occurred at 2 weeks of age. Ceruloplasmin concentrations increased slowly and progressively from 4 weeks of age. The low ceruloplasmin concentration during the early anemia of prematurity seems not to interfere with iron mobilization. The superoxide dismutase activity per gram hemoglobin in cord blood erythrocytes from normal term infants was significantly lower than that of red blood cells from adults. When the activity was expressed per erythrocyte no difference was found. The normochromic macrocytic red blood cells of the neonate most likely explain this discrepancy. The erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of the preterm infants did not change from birth until 10 weeks of age, and the levels seemed adequate judged from the levels found in red blood cells from adults and cord blood from term infants. Neither ceruloplasmin nor erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity seem to play a role in the etiology of the early anemia of prematurity. PMID- 7324939 TI - A clinical evaluation of anorectal electromyography in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7324940 TI - Scoring of urinary findings as an aid in diagnosis for childhood urinary tract infection. AB - To improve diagnostic accuracy of urinary tract infection in infants and children a simple score is described. 213 patients with suspect urinary tract infection underwent a diagnostic work-up including 2 consecutive clean-voided urine samples, and a suprapubic bladder aspirate as a diagnostic reference. The uncentrifuged clean-voided urine specimens were scored separately for microscopic leucocyte and bacterial count as well as for quantitative bacterial culture. The scores obtained were added together and a diagnostic scheme was created. After this scheme had been tested in 50 consecutive symptomatic urinary tract infections, it was possible to start therapy in 48 patients following the microscopic examination of 2 consecutive clean-voided urine samples from each. Likewise, 44 of 50 asymptomatic urinary tract infections were diagnosed by this scheme, after the urine cultures had been obtained. The scheme may be a useful aid in diagnosing urinary tract infection in infants and children, in case of equivocal urinary findings in particular. PMID- 7324941 TI - The value of level diagnosis of childhood urinary tract infection in predicting renal injury. AB - 252 infants and children were followed for 2 years after their first urinary tract infection. Each symptomatic infection was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper pyelonephritic or lower urinary tract infection. I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow-up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third infection at the latest. Urological abnormalities were found in 26 patients (10%), and 12 subjects (5%) developed renal scars during the study. Patients, who had their first upper urinary tract infection before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological abnormalities and 10 scars. Two renal scars occurred among the 71 subjects with their first pyelonephritic infection after the age of 12 months. No renal injury was detected in the 88 infants and children with lower symptomatic urinary tract infection or asymptomatic bacteriuria. The determination of the level of the infection may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar-forming urinary tract infections. Infants with a pyelonephritic infection are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation. PMID- 7324942 TI - The length of antimicrobial therapy in upper vs. lower urinary tract infection of childhood. AB - 235 infants and children were randomized to a 10-day and 42-day treatment group and followed-up for 12 months after their first urinary tract infection. The anatomical level of each symptomatic infection was determined using simple laboratory criteria. The two regimens prescribed were equally effective in eradicating the infection, but after the discontinuation of the 10-day treatment with sulfafurazole, 17 (23%) of 73 patients with their upper urinary tract infection experienced a recurrence within one month, as compared to only one (1) of 76 subjects in the 42-day therapy group. After the phase of early recurrence, there was no difference in recurrence rate between these groups. The early recurrences were associated with the patient's early age and a short duration of symptoms before therapy. The recurrence rate of first lower UTI after 10-day therapy was significantly lower than that after 42-day treatment. The duration of antimicrobial therapy for childhood urinary tract infection should be adjusted according to the patient's age and the anatomical level of the infection. 10-day treatment may not be sufficient to prevent early recurrence of pyelonephritic infections in infants under 6 months of age. PMID- 7324943 TI - Effect on serum calcium of a alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 supplementation in infants of low birth weight, infants with perinatal asphyxia, and infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Thirty infants of low birth weight, 35 infants with perinatal asphyxia, and 16 infants of diabetic mothers were investigated for early neonatal hypocalcaemia. The infants were randomized into a group prophylactically given 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3, 0.05 or 0.10 micrograms/kg i.v. on the first 3 days of life, and an untreated control group. In infants of low birth weight and infants of diabetic mothers there were no differences in serum ion-Ca concentrations on days 2, 3, 5, and 7 between the treated and untreated groups. In infants with perinatal asphyxia, however, serum ion-Ca concentrations on days 5 and 7 were significantly higher in the treated than in the untreated group, while on days 2 and 3 the differences were not statistically significant. The hypocalcaemia in asphyctic infants was not correlated to bicarbonate treatment, but infants with severe signs of asphyxia had lower serum ion-Ca concentrations than infants with only mild or no signs. Hypocalcaemia in asphyctic infants might be explained by a decreased concentration of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 following reduced 1 alpha-hydroxylation in the kidney as a consequence of anoxia during perinatal asphyxia. PMID- 7324944 TI - Discordant bone maturation of the hand in children with precocious puberty and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Difference between the bone maturation scores for the tubal and carpal bones of the hand and wrist were assessed by the method of Tanner et al. on X-rays from 10 children with precocious puberty and 10 children with late-diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and compared with results in 20 normal children. Scores for the tubular bones were significantly more advanced than those for the carpal bones in both groups of patients, emphasizing the need for caution when using standards derived from normal children to assess bone age in children with markedly accelerated bone maturation. PMID- 7324945 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism in Sweden. Psychomotor development in patients detected by clinical signs and symptoms. AB - Thirty-nine children at 7 to 9 years of age with congenital hypothyroidism have been studied with respect to their intellectual, neurological and social functions. Their intellectual achievement as assessed by the WISC test, was significantly lower than in a reference population (mean IQ 88, range 50-113). In children who showed signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism during their first four weeks of life, there was a negative correlation between the age when therapy was started and intellectual development. No such correlation was found in children who showed signs and symptoms after the first four weeks of life. Nine children of 26 with signs of hypothyroidism in the neonatal period, were found to have neurological abnormalities consisting of fine and gross motor disturbances. The neurological abnormalities seriously affected daily life in only the two most severely mentally retarded. No correlation was found between the age when the therapy was started and neurological abnormalities. Three children attended special schools because of mental retardation and six attended normal schools but required additional teaching assistance for learning disabilities. Our results suggest that the risk of future intellectual handicaps may be reduced by early treatment in children with hypothyroidism presenting during the neonatal period. PMID- 7324947 TI - Forearm bone mineral content in children. Normative data. AB - The bone mineral content in the forearm was measured by gamma-absorptiometry in 131 normal children. The bone mineral content was closely related to age, height and weight, to the size of forearm and to the force of the forearm muscles. By correcting for the dimensions of the bones a parameter of density (mass/volume) was calculated. This variable also increased with age. Knowing the necessary corrections factors gamma-absorptiometry could be a useful and harmless method for bone mineral assessment in children with various diseases. PMID- 7324946 TI - "Dot-17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone" radioimmunoassay for identification of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in young infants. AB - Using a simplified radioimmunoassay method for the determination of 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentration in blood dried on filter paper seven untreated cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia were identified among newborns and infants at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) having ambiguous genitalia and/or failure to thrive with electrolyte disturbances. In three additional cases the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was confirmed by high 'dot-17-OHP' values even after glucocorticoid therapy had been started. Capillary blood samples taken in a local hospital on a filter paper routinely used for the screening of phenylketonuria can be sent by mail into a central laboratory for performing the analysis. Assays of 'dot-17-OHP' are clearly of diagnostic value in the C21-hydroxylase form of CAH and permit a rapid diagnosis of this condition in the newborn period. PMID- 7324948 TI - Blood pesticide concentration in mothers and their newborn infants. Relation to prematurity. AB - An association between high DDT cord blood levels and prematurity was investigated. Pregnant women with good health and nutritional condition, negative history of past occupational exposure to DDT and absence of recent exposure to DDT were investigated as well as their appropriate for gestational age neonates. A total of 54 maternal-infant pairs were studied and divided in two groups: A term deliveries (30 pairs), B-preterm deliveries (24 pairs). There was no difference in DDT blood levels between pregnant women of both groups. There was, however, a significant difference in DDT cord blood levels between term and preterm infants, as well as between maternal and neonatal blood levels in both groups. DDT cord blood levels correlated negatively with infants' birth weights. We suggest that there is an association between prematurity and high DDT cord blood levels in a non-occupationally exposed population and the amount of fetal adipose tissue is an important factor determining the cord blood level of this pesticide. We cannot rule out a cause-effect association between high DDT cord blood level and prematurity. PMID- 7324949 TI - Evaluation of a new sustained-release theophylline tablet for children. AB - A new, low dose sustained-release tablet of theophylline has been developed in order to facilitate a correct dose regimen in asthmatic children treated with theophylline. The formulation (Euphyllin retard mite w/groove) contains 128 mg of theophylline, and can easily be divided. The extent of bioavailability in adults is 0.91, and the peak serum concentration is reached after 8.7 h. 25 children treated with plain theophylline tablets were followed when changing to the sustained-release tablets. Compared to the plain tablets, the serum theophylline concentration before the morning dose was 29 mumol/l higher (range 12-51) when the same daily dose was given as a sustained-release preparation. The serum concentration fluctuations during one dosing interval were reduced with 13 mumol/l (0-26). Mild gastrointestinal side effects reported by the children when using the plain theophylline tablets all disappeared on changing to the sustained release tablets. PMID- 7324950 TI - Measurement of hypothetical burnout in cystic fibrosis caregivers. AB - Three hypothetical phases of staff burnout were measured in a population of cystic fibrosis caregivers and a control population from other areas of specialty pediatrics. The cystic fibrosis caregivers displayed a higher level of emotional exhaustion, lower level of patient depersonalization, and an equal sense of personal accomplishment from the job compared to the controls. We conclude that hypothetical staff burnout can be measured and postulate that these values can be used to quantitate the outcome of anti-burnout programs. PMID- 7324951 TI - Difference between upper and lower limb blood pressure in newborns. PMID- 7324952 TI - Gastric lymphoma diagnosed by fiberoptic endoscopy in a child. PMID- 7324953 TI - Diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease in an adolescent female. PMID- 7324954 TI - [Antischistosomal action of some Qing Hao Su derivatives in infected mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324955 TI - [Studies on drugs for coronary diseases. II. Synthesis of compounds related to changrolin as potential antiarrhythmic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324956 TI - [Studies on the structure of the adduct of andrographolide with sodium hydrogen sulfite (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324957 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the root of Damnacanthus subspinosus Hand--Mazz. I. The isolation and structural determination of the subspinosin and 8-hydroxysubspinosin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7324958 TI - [Chemical investigation of Bao Gong Teng (Erycibe obtusifolia Benth)]. PMID- 7324959 TI - [Studies on the separation of drugs of amine by solvent extraction method]. PMID- 7324960 TI - [Effects of suspending agents on the properties of barium sulfate suspensions]. PMID- 7324961 TI - [Effect of total saponin of panax ginseng on alloxan diabetes in mice]. PMID- 7324962 TI - [Studies on chemotherapeutic agents against Schistosomiasis japonica. I. Synthesis of alcoholic and phenolic esters of monobromoacetic acid]. PMID- 7324963 TI - [Tumour chemotherapy. XXXXII. Syntheses of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetyl derivatives of amino acids and their antitumour activity]. PMID- 7324964 TI - [Studies on the antitumor constituents of Maytenus confertiflora Luo et Chen (Celastraceae). II. Isolation and characterization of maytansine and maytanprine from the stems]. PMID- 7324965 TI - [Studies on constituents of Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb) K Schum]. PMID- 7324966 TI - [Characterization of three anticancer principles from Maytenus graciliramula S J Pei & Y H Li]. PMID- 7324967 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun et How ex C F Liang]. PMID- 7324968 TI - [Use of conductimetric titration in pharmacoanalysis. II. Determination of phenolphthalein]. PMID- 7324969 TI - [Quality control of tablets during manufacture using atomic absorption methods]. PMID- 7324970 TI - [Analysis of Phylogosam ointment and Phlogosol solution]. PMID- 7324971 TI - [Influence of the technological procedure and additives on the dissolution rate and absorption of active ingredients. I. Physical properties of acetylsalicylic acid tablets and of the dissolution rate of the active ingredient]. PMID- 7324972 TI - [Sorption of benzalkonium chloride and chlorohexidine acetate by plastic and glass containers of drugs]. PMID- 7324973 TI - [Effect of aluminum ions on lipase]. PMID- 7324974 TI - [Correlations between the structures and properties of pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives. I. Partition coefficient]. PMID- 7324975 TI - [Biopharmaceutical testing of suppositories containing salicylic acid derivatives. II. In vivo animal experiments]. PMID- 7324976 TI - [Determination of tofizopame by photoluminescence]. PMID- 7324977 TI - Systemic absorption of ketocaine following epicutaneous administration. PMID- 7324978 TI - Effect of bile flow on indomethacin absorption in rats. PMID- 7324979 TI - Evaluation of some lubricants by the comparison of friction coefficients and tablet properties. PMID- 7324980 TI - The use of orthogonal coordinates and selection of variables and groups in quantitative structure-activity relationships. 1-(9-Phenanthrenyl)-2-(N alkylamino)ethanol antimalarials reinvestigated. PMID- 7324981 TI - Screening of plants of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae for toxic proteins. Part III. PMID- 7324982 TI - Temporal characteristics of the recognition of short lines orientation. AB - The influence of the number of orientations (3 and 8) and of the magnitude of the angle for identification (45 and 22.5 degrees) on the temporal characteristics of orientation recognition with test lines of different lengths (5.5, 10 and 22') was studied. The time for recognition was shorter for longer stimuli. Both the number of stimuli and the magnitude of the angle influenced the percentage of correct responses. The effects of the number of orientations were weaker than expected for a sequential type of recognition. Therefore, it is assumed that the mechanism of orientation recognition is basically of the detector type even when there is influence of the angle, i.e. under conditions of insufficient orientational selectivity. The distribution of the responses was asymmetric. The degree of asymmetry of the frequencies of the errors depended on the length of the test stimuli and on the number of orientations. PMID- 7324983 TI - Interactions among line orientation detectors. AB - The thresholds for identifying the orientation of line segments were studied with the following stimuli: a) single line segment (S1); b) two parallel line segments (S2) with or without longitudinal displacement; c) three parallel line segments (S3) with or without longitudinal displacement. The thresholds for the stimuli S2 and S3 are lower in comparison to those for the single line segment S1. When the segments are considerably apart (21') the decrease in the thresholds coincides with the theoretically predicted ones under the assumption for probability summation and could be explained by suggesting and independent processing in the orientation selective units (orientation detectors). With closely located line segments the threshold changes for S2 and S3 deviate from the expected values for probability summation and so an interaction among the detectors could be postulated. PMID- 7324984 TI - Dependence of the potentials obtained by averaging of the summated EMG from different factors. AB - The influence of different factors on the parameters of the potentials obtained by averaging the summated EMG of m. biceps brachii and m. soleus, recorded monopolarly with surface electrodes having different leading-off area, is studied. The averaging is triggered by different levels of negative or positive deviation from the zero line. In the case of weak muscle activity, the phases of the averaged potentials are similar to those of the extraterritorial potentials of single motor units, their duration being of the order of the longest of these potentials. At higher efforts the interference partly deforms the averaged potentials, but nevertheless they preserve their dependence on the distance to the motor endplate area, the length and the functional state of the muscles. Averaged potentials undergo characteristic changes during fatigue and upon stopping of peripheral blood supply. PMID- 7324985 TI - Perceived orientation of dot patterns: influence of the number of dots and the overall form of the pattern. AB - Sixty subjects were tested to assign orientation to 10 dot patterns differing in their overall form and the number of dots in the pattern. The patterns were presented in four different positions in the visual field and two ways of estimation of the orientation were used. It was demonstrated that the assignment of orientation to the patterns did not depend on their position in the visual field, as well as on the method of estimation used. A quantitative measure for the elongation of a dot pattern has been proposed, which correlates with the degree of unambiguity in the estimation of the orientation of the pattern: the greater the elongation the smaller the standard deviation of the estimates given by the subjects. The same holds true for the dependence of the standard deviation on the dot number for dot patterns with equal elongations. The data obtained support the hypothesis that the assignment of orientation to dot patterns results from a process of optimization that takes place in the visual system. PMID- 7324986 TI - On the interaction of histamine with the tryptaminergic smooth-muscle receptors. AB - The effect of histamine (1 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-3) M) on the contractile effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (1 x 10(-10) to 1 x 10(-3) M) has been studied in experiments on isolated smooth-muscle preparations (rabbit duodenum and guinea pig trachea). Applied in lower concentrations in both smooth-muscle preparations, histamine does not influence essentially or slightly lowers the contractions induced by the low concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). At the same time the contractile effects of the high 5-HT concentrations are reduced by about 15 30 per cent. Increasing the histamine concentration in the organ bath reveals a potentiation of the contractile responses caused by the low 5-HT concentrations by about 10-25 per cent. The contractile effects of the high 5-HT concentrations are reduced by 10-30 per cent on the background of the high histamine concentrations in advance. The results obtained show that histamine influences the 5-HT-induced contractions most probably through allosteric interaction with the tryptaminergic receptors in the smooth-muscle organs studied. PMID- 7324987 TI - Changes in the neuronal activity of the ganglia of the myenteric plexus upon transmural electrical stimulation. AB - The neuronal activity of the myenteric plexus is recorded extracellularly in preparations isolated from cat duodenum, using tungsten microelectrodes with tip diameter 5-10 micrometers and resistance 0.5-2 mOhms. Transmural electrical stimulation after Burn and Rand (1960) with a pair of platinum electrodes is applied at a distance of 1 cm proximally from the place of recording. The responses of the single-spike neurones and of the erratic burst-type neurones to transmural electrical stimulation (series of impulses with frequency 1-20 Hz, duration of impulses 0.1-0.5 ms and suprathreshold current intensity) depend on the background neuronal activity. Thus, in the case of weak activity, stimulation with a frequency of 1-8 Hz results in activation of both types of neurones. A particularly high neuronal activity, stimulation with the same frequency results in inhibition. Transmural electrical stimulation does not change the character of the activity of steady burst-type neurones. PMID- 7324988 TI - Structure of the myenteric plexus in the sphincters of cat gastro-intestinal tract. VI. Axonal profiles, axonal varicosities, synapses and other membrane differentiations. AB - Axonal varicosities of adrenergic, cholinergic and p-ergic types are observed in the myenteric plexus of cat lower esophageal, pyloric and ileo-caecal sphincters. In addition to them, there are varicosities, which cannot be attributed to the above types. The synaptic contacts in the myenteric ganglia manifest a great variety. The three main types of axonal varicosities appear as presynaptic part. Axodendritic synapses predominate. Very frequent findings are the symmetric membrane differentiations between the perikarya, dendrites and axonal profiles, as well as membrane junctions between the nerve and glial cells. PMID- 7324989 TI - Adversity and mental health: an empirical investigation of their relationship. AB - Life event and symptom severity data were obtained from both a community and a hospital population approximately 6 months following initial study contact. The relationship between adversity and symptoms was then explored using a model in which the stressful impact of life events was assumed to decay with the passage of time. The period of decay of event stress was allowed to vary. The results demonstrated that a maximal association between the measure of residual adversity based upon the decay model, and symptomatic disability could thus be obtained. Variation within and between the sampled populations, revealed by the analyses, in terms of their respective maximizing decay periods may act as potential indicators of differences in the ability of those populations to cope with and adapt to adversity. PMID- 7324990 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy: a comparison of seizure duration as monitored with electroencephalograph and electromyograph. AB - EEG and EMG were monitored simultaneously at 72 ECT sessions in 18 patients. When EMG was recorded from the leg the duration of EMG curve convulsions varied between 43 and 89% of the EEG recorded seizure duration of the same fit. The EMG/EEG seizure ratio varied widely among different patients as well as within the single patient during a series of ECT sessions. EMG recording from the masseter muscles showed EMG seizure duration to be more in accordance with the EEG seizure duration than EMG recordings from the leg. The EMG/EEG seizure ratio (masseter) varied from 65 to 100%, which was significantly higher than the EMG/EEG seizure ratio obtained with EMG recorded from the calf muscles. The use of EEG monitoring of ECT is advocated in order to obtain the most precise evaluation of the cerebral seizure activity. If EEG monitoring is not available EMG recorded from the masseter muscles provides a reasonably accurate and easily applicable method of monitoring the presence and duration of the ECT-induced seizure. PMID- 7324991 TI - A neurochemical theory of appetite and weight changes in depressive states. AB - The literature concerning appetite and weight changes in depressive illness is reviewed. Diminished appetite and weight loss have for about 100 years been regarded as prominent symptoms of depressive illness. A tendency for some depressives to gain weight has also been recognized. About 85% of depressives lose weight and 15% gain weight. There appears to be a tendency for weight gain to be commoner in milder depressions. Carbohydrate craving is also described in association with some depressed states. The neurochemical control of appetite in health is surveyed. Norepinephrine appears to be necessary for the intake of food, and drugs which raise intrasynaptic levels of norepinephrine stimulate feeding. Serotonin seems to be associated with satiety and in experimental animals decreased intrasynaptic levels of serotonin produce carbohydrate hunger. The neurochemical control of appetite is discussed in relation to the amine theories of depression. A number of hypotheses are drawn from this discussion. PMID- 7324992 TI - Flupenthixol decanoate in recurrent manic-depressive illness. A comparison with lithium. AB - The hypothesis that flupenthixol decanoate may serve as an alternative to prophylactically administered lithium in recurrent manic-depressive illness, bipolar and unipolar type, was tested in two groups of patients. In Group I the patients were allocated randomly to maintenance treatment with either lithium or flupenthixol decanoate. The patients in Group II had previously been given lithium and were switched to flupenthixol decanoate because of unsatisfactory prophylactic effect of lithium, doubtful tablet compliance, troublesome side effects, or fear of later harmful effects. The flupenthixol decanoate dosage was 20 mg every 2-3 weeks. The study was not blind. In Group I neither lithium treatment (14 patients) nor treatment with flupenthixol decanoate (19 patients) led to a significant fall of mean episode frequency or mean per cent time ill. The reasons for this lack of response are not clear, but prognostically negative selection of the patients presumably took place before and possibly also during the hospitalization. Since absent effects cannot be compared, this part of the trial remains inconclusive. In Group II (93 patients) treatment with flupenthixol decanoate was associated with significant falls of the frequency of manic episodes and per cent time ill in mania and with significant rises of the frequency of depressive episodes and per cent time ill in depression. Increase of depressive morbidity was seen only in patients who had been given lithium during the pre-trial period and was presumably a result of the discontinuation of lithium. It is not known whether flupenthixol decanoate is of value in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent manic-depressive illness, but the drug may be worth trying in patients whose disease is dominated more by manic than by depressive recurrences and who do not respond to lithium or do not tolerate it or do not take it. PMID- 7324993 TI - Duration of REM sleep latency as predictor of effect of antidepressant therapy. A preliminary report. AB - Twenty-three depressed patients were treated with antidepressant drugs or ECT. Thirteen of the depressions were clinically of the endogenous type, and all these patients responded well to therapy. Ten patients suffered from atypical depression; of these only seven reacted favourably to therapy. EEG showed that patients who were cured had short REM latencies, whereas the three patients who did not respond in a satisfactory way had long REM latencies. These findings suggest that in depressions duration of REM latency may be correlated to respond to antidepressant therapy. PMID- 7324994 TI - Five-year mortality in a 70-year-old urban population in relation to psychiatric diagnosis, personality, sexuality and early parental death. AB - In 1971-1972 a systematic, representative sample of 70-year-olds living in Gothenburg, Sweden, was studied. The study included a psychiatric examination, during which the subjects were questioned concerning important aspects of their life history, and mental symptoms during the previous month. Any mental signs observed were recorded. Symptoms and signs were rated on rating scales, and summed up in diagnoses. The subjects also filled in three different personality inventories. The examination was performed in 166 men and 226 women. In 1976-1977 we ascertained from parish records which subjects had died before reaching the age of 75. Thirty-two men and 23 women had died. Associations between the psychiatric variables and mortality were studied. There was a positive association in men between mortality and organic psycho-syndromes. There was a positive, but nonsignificant association with indications of previous alcohol abuse. There was no association with anxiety, depressive and obsessive compulsive neuroses or personality deviations and few associations with personality dimensions and psychogenic needs. There was a positive association in married men between mortality and early cessation of sexual intercourse. There was also a positive association in men between mortality and loss of parents by death before the age of 16. PMID- 7324995 TI - Lithium therapy in China. Brief communication. AB - A questionnaire survey among Chinese psychiatrists in June 1980 revealed that lithium treatment is being used in a little over half of the Chinese psychiatric hospitals, mainly for the treatment of mania and schizo-affective illness and only to a limited extent prophylactically. The relatively restricted use of lithium as yet many be due to infrequency of the diagnosis of mania, to fear of toxicity, and to lack of laboratory facilities for monitoring serum lithium levels PMID- 7324996 TI - Perceptual selection in dichotic listening. PMID- 7324997 TI - Eye movements and performance during bilateral tracing tasks. PMID- 7324998 TI - Visual processing of multielement arrays and selective backward masking. PMID- 7324999 TI - Searching for a pre-specified target letter in briefly displayed words and unpronounceable non-words. PMID- 7325000 TI - [Study of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in multiple sclerosis using multifractionated electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and immunofixation electrophoresis]. PMID- 7325001 TI - The liver in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7325002 TI - Finger-tip dermatoglyphics of Zagreb inhabitants - analysis of topologically significant pattern elements. PMID- 7325003 TI - Relation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation tests to development of deep vein thrombosis in high risk medical patients. PMID- 7325004 TI - [Hodgkin's disease terminating in pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 7325005 TI - [Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Evaluation of hospitalized patients]. PMID- 7325006 TI - [Effect of arterial hypertension on the atria. Phonomechanocardiographic study of hypertensive patients of different clinical gravity]. PMID- 7325007 TI - [Treatment of precocious puberty with cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 7325008 TI - [Clinical aspects of a case of transexualism]. PMID- 7325009 TI - [Cardiogenic shock - physiopathological basis for diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7325010 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin - structure, clinical importance and methods of determination]. PMID- 7325011 TI - [The value of bromocriptine in the therapy of Parkinson disease]. PMID- 7325012 TI - A method to eliminate free formalin from embalmed human bodies. PMID- 7325013 TI - Response to stimulus change following observation or exploration by the rat: differential effects of hippocampal damages. AB - The tendency of the rat to approach the place that had been changed between two successive trials was studied in a total of 118 rats. The experiment was conducted in an enclosed T-maze under two different conditions of stimuli presentation on trial 1. In the "passive" test the rat was allowed to inspect the white-black maze arms but prevented from entering them by transparent partitions, in the "active" test the rat was permitted to explore the entire T-maze. On trial 2 of both tests, the color of one arm was changed, so that the arms were either both white or both black. Sham operated controls showed a preponderance of choosing the changed arms in 75-80 percent in both tests. Rats with lesions of the anterodorsal or the posteroventral hippocampal region showed no arm preference in the passive test, while in the active test, the same groups displayed significant preference for the changed arm. Since performance in both tests relies m memory required for detection of the place of change, the behavioral dissociation following the hippocampal damage cannot be explained by recent hypotheses postulating involvement of the hippocampus in recognition memory, working memory or construction and execution of cognitive spatial maps. PMID- 7325014 TI - Subcortical connections of the prefrontal cortex in dogs: afferents to the medial cortex. AB - Afferent subcortical connections to the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the dog were investigated using the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport method. The dorsal and ventral regions of the medial PFC receive different projections both from the mediodorsal and the ventral thalamic nuclei. The dorsomedial PFC receives projection from a dorsolateral region of the "parvocellular" MD subdivision, while the ventromedial PFC - from the medial, "magnocellular" MD subdivision. The area precruciata medialis (XM) is involved in significant MD projection and should be included in the "prefrontal" not the "premotor" cortex. The ventral thalamic nuclei project mainly to the dorsomedial but not the ventromedial cortex. The distribution of this projection was correlated with antero-posterior cortical localization of injections. The main criterion for distinguishing "prefrontal" and "motor" cortex remains its projections either from MD or from VL nuclei. Only the ventromedial prefrontal cortex receives projection from anterior thalamic nuclei. The caudal region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex seems to receive richer projection from "non-specific" thalamic nuclei as well as from the amygdaloid complex. PMID- 7325015 TI - An attempt to use central dopaminergic stimulation as a reinforcement for T-maze learning in rats. AB - Two groups of 8 rats with unilateral cannulas aimed at the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or nucleus accumbens (nAcc) were trained in a T-maze to receive intracerebral injections of dopamine as a reinforcement for choosing the proper arm of the maze. Neither in the LH nor in the nAcc groups did dopamine show evident reinforcing properties comparable to those found earlier for noradrenaline. PMID- 7325016 TI - The effects of imipramine on socio-emotional and alimentary motivated behavior in dogs. AB - The effects of imipramine on spontaneous locomotor activity, alimentary motivated behavior and socio-emotional behavior were investigated in five dogs. In all dogs the main imipramine-bound effect was the decrease of locomotor activity in the open field. In four behaviorally normal dogs, performance of other tests was only slightly affected by imipramine treatment. An improvement in performance of various tasks and socio-emotional reactions was observed only in one neurotic dog. PMID- 7325017 TI - Interaction of extracerebellar and cerebellar cortical inputs in dentate neurons of the cat. AB - Interaction of afferent influences from pontine nuclei (NRTP, NPL and NPM) and inferior olive (IO) with influences from the cortex of neocerebellum (Crus I and II of hemisphere) was studied in dentate neurons (ND) in anesthetized and immobilized cats. Interaction of converging influences was tested with regard to response latencies. Activation of pontine nuclei (NP) and IO as well as cerebellar cortex affected all varieties of nuclear neurons regardless of their localization within the nucleus and their type (efferent or intranuclear). Stimulation of precerebellar nuclei (NP and IO) evoked in ND neurons an activity similar in firing patterns, displayed as bursts of excitation (S + S) lasting up to 10 ms. Initial excitation with following inhibition (S+-S), or excitation changed into inhibition with "rebound" [S+ - +(2)S] were also observed. Similar patterns of evoked activity were in neighboring nuclear neurons. Stimulation of lateral parts of Crus I and Crus II was most effective for ND. Influences from different parts of stimulated cortex have points of maximal action onto the given nuclear neuron (discrete action); divergence and convergence of influences were also observed. Cerebellar cortex stimulation depressed background impulse activity of ND neuron with gradual return to an initial level (S-S) or through a "rebound" [S- + (2)S]. Interaction of cortical and precerebellar nuclei influences was determined by algebraic summation of excitatory and inhibitory converging actions and the spontaneous activity. The latter persistently decreased in the course of repeated stimulation of the cerebellar cortex. The data show some peculiarities of that interaction and the role of the nuclear activity proper in forming the signals at the "output" of the cerebellum. PMID- 7325018 TI - The effect of anterior thalamic nuclei lesions upon conditioned avoidance responses in rat. AB - Three groups each of 7 hooded rats had bilateral symmetric lesions of the n. anterior ventralis the n. anterior medialis and n. anterior dorsalis and were compared to two groups of 7 nonoperated control rats. After the lesions no changes in spontaneous behavior, sensory or motor functions, body weight, reaction type and thresholds to painful footshocks were observed. The postoperative acquisition of a one-way conditioned avoidance response in a simple runway task was significantly retarded in ventral and medial rats and impossible in dorsal rats. While escape reactions were not impaired, lesioned rats had troubles passing the start door early after the onset of the conditioned stimulus. During alternation training of avoidance responses, the ventral and the medial rats preferred one side of the Y-maze. When they learned to run to the illuminated exit as a high-probability stimulus after several sessions, the entire stereotype became more unstable and the percentage of avoidance responses decreased. None of the lesioned rats escaped shock in a pole-climbing test, which was characterized by very low probability of correct response in the first session. These anterior thalamic nuclei are part of the Papez circuit which may be the main substrate for learning and retrieval of problems with low probability. PMID- 7325019 TI - Differentiation learning and auditory generalization in normal and prefrontal dogs after extensive avoidance training. AB - The continuation of a study of 24 dogs in the stages of avoidance reacquisition, differentiation training and generalization testing is reported. Subjects had previously received avoidance training with either response contingent CS termination on all trials or on only 50 percent of the training trials, prior to the administration of medial or lateral prefrontal lesions in 16 subjects. The remaining 8 subjects served as nonoperated controls. Following the appropriate surgical treatment, subjects were tested twice for generalization along the tonal frequency dimension of the avoidance CS. Trials to reacquisition criterion were comparable among all dogs, and subjects trained earlier with continuous response contingent CS termination had overlall faster response latencies, except for the medial subject that were slower than subjects trained under the partial schedule. Differentiation performance tended to show more success in the group given the earlier continuous response contingent avoidance training, although data from both training groups were variable. Subjects trained with the partial schedule had more extra- and intertial responses, which are considered as a byproduct of residual fear. Systematic effects from the surgical treatments were not found during differentiation training. Stimulus control by tonal frequency was more pronounced in subjects that had received the partial training schedule, and frequency generalization was disrupted by the lesion effects. The data are considered in light of reinforcement determinates from CS prolongation in the modification of defensive reflex control. PMID- 7325020 TI - Generalization of the conditioned reflexes established by direct electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. AB - In four dogs instrumental defensive conditioned reflexes to direct electrical stimulation of the hippocampus were elaborated. After reaching 60 percent CR performance, unreinforced stimulations of several limbic structures were given to test generalization. Positive generalization was more frequent than negative one. The generalization effect changed considerably in the course of further conditioning, during which two main types of changes were observed. After repeated stimulations of additional points in the hippocampus, the septum and the limbic cortex, a strengthening of the generalization effect was observed, while test stimulations of the amygdala and the hypothalamus resulted in a gradual decrease of the generalization effect, including its complete disappearance. PMID- 7325021 TI - The effect of intrahypothalamic serotonin reinforcement on directional preference in rats. AB - Reinforcing properties of serotonin administration to the lateral hypothalamus were tested on the experimental model of the T-maze learning in 19 rats. The results did not definitely prove either positive or negative reinforcement produced by the central serotonergic stimulation, although the rats modified their behavior in the maze in the response to intrahypothalamic serotonin. It seems that the central serotonergic neurons do not play a decisive role in the mediation of the reinforcing phenomena but they may interact with the activity of some other reward neurons. PMID- 7325022 TI - Light level induced reorganization of cat's lateral geniculate nucleus receptive fields: a spatiotemporal study. AB - The spatiotemporal organization of receptive fields (RF) of the cat?s lateral geniculate cells was investigated under several scotopic and mesopic light adaptation levels, using stationary and moving light stimuli. A given adaptation level was reached by changing of either the diffuse background or the adapting central spot intensity. Both methods gave the same qualitative results. The RFs were prominently reorganized after dark adaptation. Under such conditions, the central response area was enlarged and the classic excitatory and inhibitory surrounds were hardly visible in most cases. A minimum light level was needed for developing classic surrounds. Both inhibitory and excitatory surrounds changed their spatial positions simultaneously at higher light adaptation levels. ON- and OFF-center cells changed their spatiotemporal organization similarly, thus indicating similar underlying mechanisms. PMID- 7325023 TI - Two-unit recordings from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Some inhibitory interactions. AB - Pairs of units were recorded by single electrodes from cat?s LGN. Three types of pairs were distinguished. Two of them were classified as retinogeniculate pairs with positive cross-correlograms (ON center ? ON center, and OFF center ? OFF center); the third type consisted of negatively correlated pairs of LGN neurones. In each case the spatiotemporal organizations of both receptive fields (RFs) were analyzed at several levels of background luminance. An increase of background illumination induced more pronounced compression of the retinal than of the related geniculate ON-center RFs; a strong, central stimulation evoked oscillatory responses only in the LGN cells. The LGN neuron pairs showed a significant overlap of their RFs antagonistic areas. Potentiation of inhibition at the LGN level is discussed in relation to a proposed functional model. PMID- 7325024 TI - Effects of background illumination of visually evoked responses of neurons in the Clare-Bishop area of the cat. AB - Functional properties of visually driven neurons were investigated at various levels of background illumination. Roughly 50 percent of the investigated cells inhibited their responses to stationary flash lights after background illumination, about 25 percent did not show any difference and 25 percent were facilitated. The increase of the background illumination influenced the movement evoked responses in various ways. The activity of 42 percent cells of this group was inhibited by an illumination of the background and 19 percent of cells revealed a facilitation of their responses. About half of the cells changed their directionally sensitive responses into direction non-sensitive ones and 35 percent did the opposite. Seventy one percent of multimodal neurons lost their response multimodality, whereas 14 percent of them preserved this property during the background illumination. PMID- 7325025 TI - Forelimb movements in cats with complete or partial bulbar pyramid lesions. AB - Adult cats were trained to use a forelimb to open a hinged door against resistance for a food reward. Normal cats performed the task with only toe or wrist motions. Cats with unilateral complete bulbar pyramid section showed persistent deficits in distal limb movements with toe fanning, wrist stiffness and pulling from elbow and shoulder. Partial medial or lateral pyramid lesions produced similar but less severe effects. These results suggest a significant role of the corticospinal system in distal limb movements and a lack of topographical localization of pyramid fibers related to these movements in cats. PMID- 7325026 TI - [Analysis of drug dependence in Asturias in 1980]. PMID- 7325027 TI - [Evaluation of the HLA system in a sample of patients with endogenous depression]. PMID- 7325029 TI - [Incidence of delirium tremens and alcoholic hallucinations among different types of drinker: comparative study]. PMID- 7325028 TI - [Training in psychiatry]. PMID- 7325030 TI - [Inhabitants of the Andes (anthropological study). III]. PMID- 7325031 TI - [New therapeutic perspectives in alcoholism]. PMID- 7325032 TI - Composition and function of cell membranes. Application to the pathophysiology of muscle diseases. PMID- 7325033 TI - Phylogeny, structure and composition of cell membranes. PMID- 7325034 TI - Regulation of membrane functions. PMID- 7325035 TI - Membrane alterations in erythrocytes and cultured fibroblasts in neuromuscular diseases. PMID- 7325036 TI - Abnormalities in muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Synthesis and speculation. PMID- 7325038 TI - Demyelinating diseases. Basic and clinical electrophysiology. PMID- 7325037 TI - Neurocristopathy as a unifying concept: clinical correlations. PMID- 7325039 TI - Overview of studies on the physiology of conduction in myelinated nerve fibers. PMID- 7325041 TI - Clinicopathological correlations in multiple sclerosis and related diseases. PMID- 7325040 TI - Pathology of demyelination and remyelination. PMID- 7325042 TI - Somatosensory evoked potential testing in multiple sclerosis. AB - Evoked potentials can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve or other locations. Recordings can be made of the electrical signals at the peripheral nerve, plexus, spinal cord, brainstem, and hemispheric levels. When the stimulation and recording techniques are kept constant, the evoked potentials can be used to measure pathophysiological abnormalities in MS and other conditions. Evoked potentials are abnormal in most persons with MS, which helps to establish the diagnosis. These techniques also hold promise of value in clinical trials of possible MS therapies and as an aid in the epidemiological and genetic studies of MS. PMID- 7325043 TI - Visual evoked potentials in demyelinating disease. PMID- 7325044 TI - Psychophysical tests of vision and hearing in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7325045 TI - Tissue culture studies of neuroelectric blocking factors. PMID- 7325046 TI - Multiple sclerosis: an overview. PMID- 7325048 TI - Structure of normal central myelinated fibers. PMID- 7325047 TI - Freeze-fracture approaches to ionophore localization in normal and myelin deficient nerves. AB - (1) The principal result of freeze-fracture studies of myelinated axons is that the axolemma is clearly not uniform in its structure, but rather is highly differentiated in both paranodal and nodal regions. Thus, it is no longer correct to assume that the special physiological properties of myelinated nerve fibers derive only from the presence of the myelin sheath. The inhomogeneity of the axolemma must also be taken into account. (2) The nodal axolemma is characterized by a population of large intramembranous particles primarily in the E fracture face that may correspond to the voltage sensitive sodium channels known to be concentrated there. (3) Significant numbers of such particles also frequently occur in paranodal "lakes" and in the internodal axolemma immediately adjacent to the paranodal region. These are probably accessible, albeit slowly, by way of the narrow extracellular cleft between the paranodal junctional membranes. (4) In the absence of ensheathment by myelinating cells, axons fail to develop normal nodal and paranodal membrane specializations. (5) When ensheathed by abnormal myelinating cells, corresponding abnormalities develop in both nodal and paranodal specializations of the axolemma. (6) Demyelination results in dedifferentiation of axolemmal specializations. (7) It is concluded that development and maintenance of normal axolemmal differentiation requires interaction of the axon with myelinating cells. These cells thus serve not only to produce myelin but also to regulate axolemmal differentiation. Alterations in axolemmal structure following demyelination may significantly affect the physiological properties of the axons. Specifically, ionophore redistribution may underlie the development of either continuous or nonuniform conduction in some demyelinated fibers. PMID- 7325049 TI - Plasticity in the ontogeny and pathophysiology of myelinated fibers. PMID- 7325050 TI - Biochemistry of myelin. PMID- 7325051 TI - Autonomic innervation of the inner ear. PMID- 7325052 TI - Difference limen for intensity in patients with sudden deafness and other inner ear disorders. PMID- 7325053 TI - Personality system and sudden deafness: a comparative psychological study. AB - The psychic structure of 30 patients suffering from sudden deafness and of 35 patients suffering from otosclerosis was tested by the FPI. Additionally the intelligence was tested by the MWT-B. It could be shown that deafness on one ear does not cause any significant change of personality. Patients with sudden deafness and additional organic diseases did not show any psychic changes or these changes are due to a basic disease. Patients suffering from idiopathic sudden deafness can be differentiated into two groups: the first group consists of patients with no psychic disease; these patients show a good recovering tendency from sudden deafness. The second group consists of patients with a slightly neurotic personality which is in full accordance with those of psychosomatic patients. In these case the organic therapy did not lead to recovery. PMID- 7325054 TI - Acute bilateral hearing loss during a pop concert: consideration for differential diagnosis. AB - A 40-year-old male administration employee suffered an acute acoustic trauma while attending a pop concert. This paper discusses the differential diagnosis. The patient's mother was also hard of hearing following bomb attacks during the last war. The degree of hearing loss did not correlate with the effect of the noise in either case. It is therefore assumed that the inner ear has developed greater susceptibility to noise. The origin of this is attributed to a genetically induced weakness of the cochlea to exogenous factors. PMID- 7325055 TI - Deterioration in hearing caused by hearing aids in children? AB - (1) There were 7 children among 55 afflicted with severe hearing impairment or with residual hearing (approximately 13%) who exhibited mostly unilateral progression which was ascertained by accurate pure tone audiometric tests during an observation period of several years. (2) Instrument-caused deterioration, however, could not be confirmed in these children. Except for 1 case, deterioration was rather attributable to intercurrent diseases and hearing-aid independent progression. However, a higher sensitivity to additional auditory damage appears to exist. (3) According to the results of the present studies, the use to super-power hearing aids is indicated in cases of residual hearing although the hearing aid should not be used during the period of intercurrent diseases. In early childhood, intensive speech hearing training should in any case be limited to about three periods of 20 min each daily. This also applies when speech is not understood because experience demonstrates that the acquisition of speech rhythms is a major aid in the process of learning to speak. PMID- 7325056 TI - Positional test in acute vestibular disorders. AB - With the aid of th positiogram, a quantitative recording of th positional test, it was possible to study the intensity of nystagmus in three acute vestibular diseases (vestibular neuronitis, Meniere's disease and sudden hearing loss with vestibular involvement). Patients with vestibular neuronitis in the acute stage showed a higher intensity of nystagmus during the positional test than patients passing through the irritation stage of Meniere's disease. Especially patients suffering from vestibular neuronitis complained also subjectively about such an intense vertigo that they were seized by a feeling of annihilation at the onset of the disease. Quantification of the nystagmus during the positional test allows the progress, constancy or remission of the findings to be identified during the follow-up checks. Protracted constant pathological results obtained during the positional test, or when they become progressive, constitute in the light of our experience an indication for neuroradiological clarification in order to rule out an acoustic neurinoma as a cause (especially when a unilateral sensorineural hearing impairment exists). PMID- 7325057 TI - Vertigo originating from inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (the so-called sinugenic vertigo). AB - A routine X-ray examination of the sinuses of a patient complaining of regular bouts of dizziness may provide diagnostic information about a so-called sinugenic vertigo. In addition to the pathological X-ray findings in the maxillary sinuses, the patients presented either a positioning nystagmus or a head-shaking nystagmus, with disturbed vestibular spinal reaction as a pathological vestibular condition. Out of 15 patients in whom a sinusitis-induced (sinugenic) dizziness was diagnosed and who appeared regularly for the control checks, 14 patients said that they were relieved of the dizziness as a result of sinus therapy, often immediately afterwards. Interrelationships possibly exist between pathological trigeminus reflexes via the sphenopalatine ganglion brought about by maxillary sinusitis and a reflectory labyrinthine irritation, triggering the vertigo. PMID- 7325058 TI - Sudden deafness and vertigo in children and juveniles. AB - The 17 cases of sudden deafness in children and juveniles treated in the HNO Universitats-Klinik Erlangen between August 1977 and December 1980 are analyzed and correlations of symptoms and possible etiologies are discussed. There is no unique clinical picture. Vascular reasons do not play an important role contrary to adult patients. Unexpectedly viral infections are not of great importance. Young patients who had a sensorineural hearing loss prior to the sudden deafness seem to have a bad prognosis for therapy. Vestibular involvement seems to be of no meaning for a successful therapy in children and juveniles. PMID- 7325059 TI - [A study of retinal vascular patterns in premature infants by the trypsin digestion technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325060 TI - [Computerized morphometry of the human corneal endothelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325061 TI - [Development of the retrocorneal membranes in experimental bullous keratopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325062 TI - [Corneal epithelium in diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325063 TI - [Studies on the intraocular irrigating solution for ophthalmic surgery. Report 2: Reappraisal of the role of bicarbonate concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325064 TI - [Studies on the connective tissue elements of the bovine cornea and sclera. Ist. report. On the glycosaminoglycan and collagen fiber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325066 TI - [Rheology of aqueous humor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325065 TI - [Histological study on the transplanted lyophilized dura (lyodura) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325067 TI - [Effect of topical indomethacin on the blood-aqueous barrier after intracapsular extraction of senile cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325068 TI - [Regeneration of the damaged chamber angle in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325069 TI - [ELectron microscopic studies on the angle of the anterior chamber in glaucoma capsulare (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325070 TI - [Reconstituted collagen in experimental eye surgery. 1. Collagen sponge as an intraocular implant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325071 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the ciliary epithelium and the zonular fiber in the monkey eye,--relationship between the regional differences in the ultrastructure of the ciliary epithelium and the zonular fiber of the monkey eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325072 TI - [Morphological study of endocytosis in ciliary epithelial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325073 TI - [Sympathetic innervation of the site of the aqueous secretion and outflow of the Japanese monkey (Macacus fuscatus); fluorescent histochemistry and electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325074 TI - [Wound repair of rabbit iris: an electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325075 TI - [Changes of acid phosphatase in the uveoretinal tissue on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325077 TI - [Experimental studies of the choroidal microcirculation. III. High speed cinematographic analysis of choriocapillary blood flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325076 TI - [Relationship between circulating immune complexes and pathogenesis of uveitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325078 TI - [Studies on choroidal blood blow with a hydrogen clearance method. II. Comparison of blood flow in the choroid and other tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325079 TI - [Studies on the angioarchitecture and blood supply of the optic nerve. (I) Intra orbital optic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325080 TI - [Local fibrinolytic activity in human optic nerve vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325081 TI - [Luminance-duration relationship in the electroretinogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325082 TI - [Clinical studies on macular changes in diabetic retinopathy. Part 1. The classification and macular changes of diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325083 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis of free sugars and polyols in human cataractous lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325084 TI - [Clinical studies on pattern reversal VECPs to stimulation of central octant fields (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325085 TI - [Stellate ganglion block therapy in central serous chorioretinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325086 TI - [Studies on the antigenicity of dibekacin (DKB), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, eye drops (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325087 TI - [Papillary light reflex under open-loop photic stimulus. A clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325088 TI - [Digital recording of electro-oculogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325089 TI - [A case of tuberculous abscess of the adrenal gland]. PMID- 7325090 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of 2 cases of kidney rupture]. PMID- 7325091 TI - [3 cases of solid renal tumors: benign or malignant? Myoid tumor. Venous angiomatosis. Papillary adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7325092 TI - [Embolization of a hypernephroma metastasis]. PMID- 7325093 TI - [Transureterostomy in urological reoperations]. PMID- 7325094 TI - [Multilocular cysts of the kidney]. PMID- 7325095 TI - [Comparative study of cefaclor and amoxicillin in the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 7325096 TI - Urethro-rectal perforation at cystoscope. PMID- 7325097 TI - [Case of a voluminous inguino-scrotal hernia of the bladder. Evolution, treatment, cure and review of the literature]. PMID- 7325098 TI - [Electromyographic study of the striated sphincter of the urethra in 150 patients with prostatic pathology]. PMID- 7325099 TI - [Nature of the blood-tissue barrier in the bladder and testis. Fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy studies in the rat]. PMID- 7325100 TI - Molecular species of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in heart of rats given excess vitamin A. AB - The effect of 33 mg of vitamin A for two days on heart phospholipids and on the molecular species of phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine of rats has been studied. Vitamin A reduced the amounts of heart total phospholipids, phosphatidyl-choline and its tetraenoic species and of the hexaenoic species of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. In rats administered vitamin A the incorporation of NaH232PO4 and choline 1,2-14C chloride into total phospholipids and into the phosphatidyl-choline fraction was reduced. The results of the incorporation of NaH232PO4 into the various molecular species of phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine showed that excess A impaired the synthesis of these phospholipids via the CDP-choline-ethanolamine pathway. PMID- 7325101 TI - The nutritional status of patients with an alcohol problem. AB - 73 patients with an alcohol problem seen in a hospital medical unit over a two year period were examined specifically for signs suggestive of nutritional deficiency and of organ or system damage due to alcohol. A seven day dietary recall was carried out on most of them. Clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were relatively uncommon but nine patients had Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and ten had peripheral neuropathy. Thiamine was present in less than recommended amounts in 81.5% of the diets. Vitamin D and vitamin C were the next most common dietary deficiencies. 66.1% were deficient in energy intake and about a third of patients derived more than 40% of their energy from alcohol. PMID- 7325102 TI - [Heart muscle mitochondria function in alpha-tocopherol deficient rabbits. (author's transl)]. AB - In the mitochondria of alpha-tocopherol deficient rabbit hearts (30 days) there was a close correlation between the decline in respiration and the incidence of membrane peroxidation. The intraperitoneal injections of alpha-tocopherol (25 mg/kg) from the the 28th day to the 30th day to the vitamin E deficient rabbits prevented a decline in either the mitochondrial respiratory or in the lipid peroxidation breakdown. The addition of alpha-tocopherol "in vitro" to the alpha tocopherol deficient cardiac mitochondria failed to improve their function. As a result of this study, the possibility that the alpha-tocopherol may protect the cardiac mitochondrial activity by preserving their integrity appears to be consolidated. PMID- 7325103 TI - Vitamin C and weight reducing drugs on brain ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. AB - A comparison has been made of the effects of d(+) fenfluramine, Mazindol and Diethylpropion on the changes in body weight and brain ascorbic acid concentrations in male and female guinea pigs receiving vitamin C-deficient diet daily with or without daily supplementary vitamin C for 24 days. Bodyweight increases initially; the subsequent decrease was more rapid in scorbutic male than in the female guinea pigs. The weight-reducing drugs prevented the initial rise in weight of these ascorbutic guinea pigs. Fenfluramine caused the greatest fall in weight in both sexes, the effect being more pronounced in the males. Supplementary vitamin C reduced the anti-obesity actions of fenfluramine, Mazindol and Diethylpropion. Brain ascorbic acid level in scorbutic guinea pigs was more significantly reduced by fenfluramine than by either Mazindol or Diethylpropion after 24 days administration. These drugs prevented the rise in brain ascorbic acid normally produced by supplementary vitamin C. The reduction brain ascorbic acid appears to be related to the loss of weight more in the males than in the females. PMID- 7325104 TI - Report of communication method usage by teachers of deaf-blind children--Part III. PMID- 7325105 TI - What, when, and why deaf children watch television. PMID- 7325106 TI - Communication modes used with hearing-impaired students: investigations and applications to a school/home program. PMID- 7325107 TI - Speechreading skills of young normal hearing and deaf children. PMID- 7325109 TI - Traditional achievement values and fear of success in a hearing-impaired population: a disappearing phenomenon. PMID- 7325108 TI - A preliminary description of the control of interaction in classrooms using manual communication. PMID- 7325110 TI - Assessment of multiply handicapped deaf students for program development. PMID- 7325111 TI - Metric education in schools for the deaf--are we ready? PMID- 7325112 TI - Closed-caption television viewing preferences. PMID- 7325113 TI - Creative thinking and dance/movement skills of hearing-impaired youth: an experimental study. PMID- 7325114 TI - Captioned television and hearing-impaired viewers: the report of a national survey. PMID- 7325115 TI - On the influence of familiarity on deaf students' text recall. PMID- 7325116 TI - Television captioning strategies: a systematic research and development approach. PMID- 7325117 TI - Students' perceptions of instructor performance in specialized professional training programs in deafness: recommendations for teaching strategies. PMID- 7325118 TI - "What's a nice boy like you...". PMID- 7325119 TI - On the cognitive ability of deaf children with deaf parents. PMID- 7325121 TI - Validating a motor skill sequence for mentally retarded children. PMID- 7325120 TI - The use of the tube sock in amputee rehabilitation: the below knee amputee. PMID- 7325122 TI - T wave changes associated with training in women swimmers. PMID- 7325123 TI - The A.C.T.A. continuing education program. PMID- 7325124 TI - The mammalian pineal gland: structure and function. PMID- 7325125 TI - Neurons of the basolateral amygdala: a Golgi study in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - The cytoarchitecture of the opossum basolateral amygdala was studied using Golgi techniques. The neuronal morphology was similar in all nuclei of the basolateral complex, an three distinct cell classes were recognized. Class I neurons, which vary in size in different nuclei, have spiny dendrites and long, projection axons. Axon hillocks and initial axonal segments often have spinous protrusions, while more distal portions of the axon give off several beaded collaterals that arborize primarily in the vicinity of the cell. Class II neurons are smaller, spine-sparse cells that are found in all nuclei of the basolateral amygdala but are greatly outnumbered by class I neurons. Axons branch and give off beaded collaterals which form a moderate to dense arborization within the dendritic field of the cell. Class II neurons exhibit considerable morphologic variability including one subtype that resembles the chandelier cell of the cerebral cortex. Varicosities (1.0 - 1.5 micrometers swellings) found along the axonal collaterals of these amygdaloid chandelier cells do not have a uniform distribution but tend to be aggregated. Segments of the collaterals displaying such clustered varicosities sometimes form nest-like entanglements. Clusters of varicosities have been observed forming multiple contacts with initial segments of class I axons. Class III neurons are neurogliaform cells which have many short, varicose dendritic branches that contact dendrites of class I neurons. Only the initial portions of their axons were impregnated. This study indicates that many of the cell types seen in the generalized, metatherian opossum are similar to those described in more specialized, placental mammals. This is the first description of amygdaloid chandelier cells and their contacts with the spiny initial segments of class I projection neurons. PMID- 7325126 TI - Modes of protein and peptide uptake in the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil: an ultrastructural study. AB - The possible existence of either a blood-brain barrier or a CSF-brain barrier was examined in the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil using the ultrastructural tracers, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and microperoxidase (MP). The mechanism of protein and peptide transport within the pineal gland and its possible relationship to pineal concretions was also considered. Gerbils were injected with either MP or HRP intravenously (IV), or they received intraventricular (IVT) injections of HRP. The IV injections resulted in both MP and HRP movement through the endothelial cells of the gland by vesicular transport and by diffusion through the endothelial cells of the gland by vesicular transport and by diffusion through the endothelial intercellular junctions. Following the IVT injections, the tracer was demonstrated in the subarachnoid space as well as in the glial cells associated with the periphery of the gland. In addition, after the IVT injections, rounded enlargements of the intercellular space that resembled canaliculi were filled with reaction product. In both cases (IVT and IV), the reaction product was localized to the perivascular space, to the glial cells and pinealocytes, and to the intercellular spaces. More importantly, there was specific localization of the tracers in the vacuolated pinealocytes and in the pineal concretions. The results of this study demonstrate several significant findings: 1) neither a blood-brain barrier nor a CSF-brain barrier exists in the pineal gland of the gerbil, 2) localization of the tracers in pineal concretions indicates a relationship between these structures and protein and peptide storage within the gland, and 3) the presence of the tracers within canaliculi after the IVT injections suggests a possible mode of secretion of pineal substances into the CSF. PMID- 7325127 TI - Structure of the tight junctions of the human eccrine sweat gland. AB - The human eccrine sweat gland contains two anatomically and functionally discrete segments: the secretory coil, which produces an isotonic or slightly hypertonic precursor fluid, and the coiled duct, which reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- to yield a hypotonic sweat. We examined the freeze-fracture morphology of tight junctions from isolated secretory coil and coiled duct segments to assess indirectly the contribution of paracellular ion transport in secretion and resorption in the sweat gland. In the secretory coil, tight junctions of the intercellular canaliculus and main lumen consisted of approximately 9 and 6, closely spaced, parallel or anastomosing elements, respectively. Tight junctions of the coiled duct were similar in appearance to those at the main lumen of the secretory coil. In both the secretory coil and coiled duct, and average of 2 to 3, widely spaced junctional elements were usually observed basolateral to the closely spaced junctional elements in the region corresponding to the location of the zonula adherens in Epon sections. The complexity of the tight junctions of the secretory coil exceeded what we expected for an epithelium secreting an isosmotic fluid. The elaborate tight junctions of the coiled duct support other evidence for an intermediate to high transepithelial resistance. PMID- 7325128 TI - Changes in nuclear shape and mitochondrial structure do not accompany the loss of division potential in human fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Previous studies on ultrastructural changes that occur in cultured human fibroblasts during their in vitro life-span indicate that "senescent" cells characteristically possess structurally altered mitochondria, highly lobed nuclei, and an abundance of secondary lysosomes when compared to early passage cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that improper preparative methods can induce altered mitochondrial morphology in preparations of both IMR-90 and HF730A fibroblasts, regardless of passage level. We also show that nuclei of both living and fixed IMR-90 fibroblasts are ovoid in shape, not lobulate, in well-spread cells, regardless of either the passage level or the proliferative capacity of the cell. Fibroblasts contain lobulated nuclei only when they have not spread completely on the culture substrate. Lobulations can be induced at any passage level by collagenase/trypsin or trypsin/EDTA treatment prior to fixation, but not by cytochalasin B treatment or by cold temperatures. We conclude that any treatment that affects cytoskeleton-membrane-culture substrate interactions will induce this aberrant nuclear morphology, but that this is not indicative of "senescence" and does not relate to proliferative decline. PMID- 7325129 TI - Self-mutilation. Plastic spherules in penile skin in yakuza, Japan's racketeers. AB - Despite the reduction in crime in Japan there is a problem with organized racketeer groups, or yakuza in Japanese. The members of the yakuza can be recognized by their speech and behavior and by their physical characteristics such as tattooing and digital amputations. Penile balls are unusual sexual devices that have been found on some yakuza. Nine cases of unusual way of identifying yakuza are reported. A survey of a detension house showed that 28 prisoners out of 130, or 21.5%, had penile balls. Penile balls and the yakuza are discussed in relation to forensic psychiatry. PMID- 7325130 TI - Hymenal colposcopic examination in sexual offenses. AB - Colposcopy, a method of more detailed examination of the cervix, widely used in the world but the application of this technique to forensic examinations is not. This presentation offers the benefits of the use of colposcopy in the examination of sexual assaults on women in a city in Brazil by a Medical Examiner of Mogi das Cruzes in the State of Sao Paulo near the megapolis of the same name. In 11.80%, or 59 of the 500 cases examined by the author, this technique has been of value to determine unsuspected trauma, fringed hymen, infantile hymen, healing, and accurate information in questionable cases. PMID- 7325131 TI - The oral lesion caused by fellatio. PMID- 7325132 TI - A laboratory report on iron supplementation in blood donors. I. AB - Blood donation at the accepted frequency of one donation every 8 weeks is generally regarded as excessive for preservation of donor iron reserves, especially in women. A double-blind study was conducted of 627 individuals who had previously donated blood to determine the effect of iron supplementation on iron reserves. Half the donors received ferrous fumarate at a dosage of 66.6 mg elemental iron daily for 45 days. The other half received placebo. Eight blood variables reflecting the iron status of the donors were determined at the time of the initial donation and again 2 months later at the time of their second donation. Statistical analysis of the blood variables indicated that the prescribed amount of ferrous fumarate should be considered the minimal effective dose for maintenance of reduced iron storage in blood donors. However, the data are furnished for the analysis of panels of experts for any conclusions and recommendations concerning this study. Feostat, the iron supplement, was tolerated well by the participating donors. Gastrointestinal upset occurred in eight donors receiving Feostat and in 10 donors receiving placebo. PMID- 7325133 TI - The value of the hospital autopsy. Is it worth the cost? PMID- 7325134 TI - Multishot firearm suicide. Examination of 58 cases. AB - Suicide by firearm is a frequent mode of death and the most common mode of suicide in the United States. So typically is there but one bullet entrance would in the suicide victim, and so often are there multiple wounds with homicide that some investigators and the public are unaware or forget that the person intending suicide may discharge his gun into himself more than once. The frequency, incidence, and other characteristics of the phenomenon deserve more recognition. The data presented are from medical examiner reports and related material from 7,895 gunshot deaths, including 3,522 suicides by firearm, that occurred in North Carolina in the 7-year period 1972-1978. The 58 multishot firearm suicides represent 0.7% of all firearm deaths (one in 136) and 1.6% of forearm suicides (one in 61). Characteristics of the individual entrance wounds such as body regions involved and muzzle distance were the same as those of single shot cases. Long gun use was not rare, but 0.22 caliber handguns predominated. Other characteristics of weapon, victim, wounds, and situations are presented. Each of the cases was assessed by forensic pathologists as it was reported and was reviewed again for the study. The type of data presented is one advantage of a structured, centrally guided, statewide medical examiner system. PMID- 7325135 TI - Probable fatal cardiac dysrhythmia secondary to diuretic-induced hypokalemia. AB - This case study describes the investigation of the sudden, unexpected death of a young, slightly hypertensive woman. She had a previous history pf serious hypokalemic-induced cardiac dysrhythmias associated with diuretic usage. Postmortem examination revealed no anatomic cause for her death. Her agonal plasma potassium, 5.4 mmol/L, seemed too low in light of her extreme acidosis, hypoxemia, and emergency treatment. Diuretic analysis indicated surreptitious ingestion of hydrochlorothiazide. Hypokalemia and the control of serum potassium concentration are discussed as are various modifiers of serum potassium. PMID- 7325136 TI - Sternal foramena in man. AB - The prevalence, location, size, race, and sex predilection of foramena in the sternum of 324 decedents examined using a cabinet x-ray system is reported. A total of 25 cadavers were found to possess such a defect, always in the lower sternal body, a prevalence of 7.7%. These defects, or foramena, were always single, usually oval to circular and ranged in diameter from 3 to 18 mm. Such foramena were never found in individuals younger than 20 years of age, but occurred at all later ages to the extremes of life (oldest-88 years) and were about twice as common in men as in women, occurring in 9.6% and 4.3%, respectively. These foramena have no recognized clinical or functional significance. Rarely reported in clinical material, only briefly noted in most standard anatomy texts, forensic anthropology texts and mentioned not at all in pathology textbooks, these common structural anomalies could potentially cause confusion to the unexperienced examiner of human osseous remains. PMID- 7325137 TI - Forensic odontology in 1980. The year in review. PMID- 7325138 TI - Unusual findings in medicolegal cases. PMID- 7325139 TI - Electrocution during sexual activity. AB - In late summer several years ago, the county medical examiner was called by the police to view two bodies found in bed in a private home. The home belonged to a 39-year-old caucasian male whose body was one of those found in the bed. The other body was that of a 31-year-old caucasian female. The female body overlaid that of the male. It was obvious that the couple was engaged in sexual relations when they died. The deaths apparently were related to the use of an elaborate apparatus utilizing electrical current for stimulation. A heavy metal rod measuring 22 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter was inserted 18 cm into the male's rectum. A small wire was attached by a rubber band leading to a Variac voltage regulator. There was a metal rod 20 cm long with a rounded tip 1 cm wide tapering to 0.75 cm in the shaft. A metal ring was attached to the exposed end and the male partner's index finger was touching it. The rod was inserted 18 cm into the female's rectum with a similar wire attached and leading to the voltage regulator. The regulator was set at 90 volts, but the dial could be turned up to 130 volts. In the room nearby were other stimulation devices, including a La Vida vibrator on a bed table and a Niagara type vibrator found under the bed. On the bed table was also noted a 1-lb. jar of lubricating cream. The couple was last seen alive more than 24 hours before. Third-degree burns were found in the rectum and vagina with perforation of the posterior vagina and anterior rectum in the female victim. In the male victim, third-degree burns were noted on the tip of the left index finger, the rectum, and the penis. The voltage regulator was plugged into a wall socket when the police arrived. PMID- 7325140 TI - Organization of forensic medicine in Poland. PMID- 7325141 TI - A new method for securing impressions in snow. PMID- 7325142 TI - Hotel fires safety tips. PMID- 7325143 TI - Hyperplastic Gastropathy. Analysis of 50 selected cases from 1955-1980. AB - Hyperplastic gastropathy remains a rare condition. Fifty cases of hyperplastic gastropathy (adhering to rigid pathologic and clinical criteria) were analyzed from the English literature for the past 25 years. This was compared to a similar review of 50 cases published 25 years ago. A clearer pathologic classification mucous cell hyperplasia, glandular cell hyperplasia and mixed mucous-glandular cell hyperplasia is recommended. The etiology and pathogenesis remain obscure. The clinical characteristics and medical and surgical therapy are discussed. The course appears uncertain as does the relationship to gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7325144 TI - Pruritus of cholestasis treated with plasma perfusion. AB - Patients with uncontrollable pruritus secondary to cholestatic liver disease were subjected to plasma perfusion in an attempt to remove the toxins responsible for this symptom. The improvement in the degree of pruritus was dramatic and surprisingly long-lasting in five of six patients. One patient had a response more difficult to evaluate. Serum bile acids levels fell in all patients in whom pruritus improved but not in the patient who responded less favorably. PMID- 7325145 TI - The gut hormone profile of fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Twenty-five patients with fulminant hepatic failure and grade III or IV hepatic encephalopathy were studied. Plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and enteroglucagon were significantly raised. Levels of secretin and gastrin were normal, while motilin concentrations were significantly depressed. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was increased in six patients and was significantly higher in those patients who were hypotensive or who had marked prolongation of prothrombin time. PMID- 7325146 TI - Cystic fibrosis. As they grow older. AB - Twenty-eight patients with cystic fibrosis, who survived to over 18 years of age are reported. The ages at the time of diagnosis ranged from and two and half months to over 21 years. Manifestations of cystic fibrosis in adults and youngsters are compared and contrasted. A review of the patients surviving shows that steatorrhea is under control. There is no evidence of biliary cirrhosis in any of these patients. Rectal prolapse has not been an important factor. Pseudomonas and Staphylococci were the major infecting organisms causing lung disease. Two-thirds of the patients do not use prophylactic antibiotics and one third do not practice regular pulmonary care. Two female patients died; one of Pseudomonas lung infection and respiratory failure, after a pregnancy that was carried to term (live baby); one, of respiratory failure, also with severe Pseudomonas respiratory tract infection, two years after a pregnancy that was terminated in the first trimester. PMID- 7325147 TI - Irreversible esophageal motor dysfunction in postvagotomy dysphagia. AB - Postvagotomy dysphagia is typically a temporary phenomenon but a small subgroup of patients appear to develop irreversible motility disorders of the esophagus. Two patients are reported with persistent symptomatic esophageal dysfunction demonstrated by modern hydraulic infusion technics. Both initially lost weight rapidly and then stabilized. The distal esophagus of both was greatly dilated but in one patient, lower esophageal sphincter pressure was normal. Aperistalsis with diminished motor activity was present throughout the body of the esophagus. Dysphagia and objective esophageal abnormalities were refractory to dilations with simple mercury bougies in one patient whose condition was improved by treatment with pneumatic dilation. The cause of this unusual complication is unknown but may involve a nonneoplastic form of secondary achalasia. PMID- 7325148 TI - Prolapse of Foley catheter gastrostomy tube causing obstructive jaundice. AB - A patient with Foley catheter tube gastrostomy was seen with vomiting and jaundice resulting from the prolapse of the tube into the jejunum. Repositioning of the catheter results in complete resolution of symptoms. Migration of the inflated balloon of a Foley gastrostomy tube, causing high intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding, has been reported. Obstructive jaundice is another rare but reversible complication. PMID- 7325150 TI - Carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct. AB - The fifth case of a common bile duct carcinoid tumor is reported. The importance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography on the one hand and specialized staining on the other for diagnosis is emphasized. The slow growing nature of these tumors favors extensive surgery whenever possible. PMID- 7325149 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced cholestasis. AB - A 52-year old woman developed severe cholestasis seven days after the administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (RMP-SMZ) The clinical and pathologic features are discussed as well as the various mechanisms of liver injury following TMP-SMZ use. PMID- 7325151 TI - Segmental tuberculosis of the colon diagnosed by colonoscopy. AB - Segmental tuberculosis of the colon is a rare clinical entity. In the absence of pulmonary or ileocecal involvement, colonic tuberculosis may be difficult to differentiate from neoplasm or Crohn's disease by symptomatic and radiological means. Colonoscopy and biopsy can, however, establish the diagnosis and prevent operative intervention, as indicated in the present report. A patient with a radiologically demonstrated strictured lesion of the sigmoid colon was found at colonoscopy to have several hemorrhagic transverse ulcers ranging in diameter between 1-4.5 cm. Multiple target colonoscopic biopsies, specifically from the ulcer beds, revealed necrotizing granulomas and acid-fast bacilli. Antituberculous chemotherapy produced remarkable symptomatic, radiographic and endoscopic improvements and averted exploratory laparotomy for the establishment of the diagnosis. This case report points out the importance of colonoscopic biopsy as a useful diagnostic modality in this disease. PMID- 7325152 TI - The radiographic gamut of Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 7325153 TI - A study of cardiovascular risk in heterozygotes for homocystinuria. AB - Early atherosclerotic-like lesions and thromboemobolic problems are prominent in homocystinuric patients. Recent evidence suggested that mild homocyst(e)inemia, such as is present in heterozygotes for homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency, may cause a marked excess in early ischemic heart disease. To evaluate the risk due to mild homocyst(e)inemia, the frequencies of heart attacks and strokes in parents and grandparents of homocystinuric children were assessed in the present study. No statistically significant increases in the incidence of heart attacks or strokes were consistently detected. The data available are sufficient to virtually exclude an increase in the cardiovascular risk for homocystinuria heterozygotes of as much as fivefold compared to controls, and to make very improbable a relative risk of as much as threefold. Less than 5% of homocystinuria heterozygotes are likely to have a fatal or nonfatal heart attack by age 50. These results fail to suggest that mild homecyst(e)inemia is an important contributory factor in the overall incidence of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7325154 TI - Evidence for heterosis in the HLA system. AB - The number of persons with homozygous HLA haplotypes in several groups of South American Indians was 39% less than that expected assuming unmodified equilibrium. In a subpopulation of 122 persons whose parents' HLA constitutions were known, there were 56% fewer homozygous persons than expected. This deficit was widely distributed in different haplotypes and different tribal groups. PMID- 7325155 TI - Functional deficiency of fibroblasts heterozygous for Bloom syndrome as specific manifestation of the primary defect. AB - The effect on the rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Bloom syndrome fibroblasts by cocultivation with Fanconi anemia and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts and with Bloom syndrome heterozygotes was studied. Cells of Fanconi anemia and xeroderma origin reduced the rate of SCEs in Bloom cells by about 45% 50%, just as control cells do. In contrast, heterozygous Bloom cells reduced the rate of SCEs by only 16%-28%. In absolute figures, Fanconi cells reduced the mean rate of SCE in Bloom cells from 55.7 +/- 5.50- to 27.7 +/- 6.44, xeroderma cells to 30.5 +/- 5.73, and control cells to 28.3 +/- 5.35. Three different cell strains from Bloom syndrome heterozygotes reduced the rate to 40.1 +/- 8.81, 47.0 +/= 6.94, and 47.5 +/- 8.32. There was no effect on any of these cell strains by Bloom syndrome fibroblasts. We interpret the functional deficiency of heterozygous Bloom syndrome fibroblasts as a gene dosis effect. It probably represents a specific manifestation of the yet unknown primary defect, because it suggests the existence of a "corrective factor" that is inactive or absent in homozygous Bloom cells and reduced in heterozygotes. It may be identical with or closely related to the normal gene product at the Bloom locus. PMID- 7325156 TI - A new variant glyoxalase I allele that is readily detectable in stimulated lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines but not in circulating lymphocytes or erythrocytes. AB - We describe an allele of the human glyoxalase GLO locus that encodes an enzymatically inactive form of the protein, which would not have been detected if only circulating erythrocytes and lymphocytes had been studied. The new allele is named GLO*3 and its protein product, GLO 3. Circulating blood cells of GLO*2/GLO*3 heterozygotes have just one electrophoretic band that migrates as the normal 2-2 dimer. Lymphoblastoid cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from the same individuals have two electrophoretic bands, one with the mobility of the 2-2 dimer and one with the mobility of the 2-1 dimer that is present in GLO*2/GLO*1 heterozygotes, but a band with the mobility of the 1-1 dimer is not present. Therefore, the GLO*3 allele encodes a monomer that has the electrophoretic mobility of GLO 1 but is enzymatically inactive unless it is combined with normal monomers in 2-3 and 1-3 heterodimers. The failure to detect the GLO 3 protein in red cells and unstimulated lymphocytes is attributed to a relatively great instability or small rate of production in those cells. Consistent with this interpretation is the reduction of GLO activity in red cells of GLO*2/GLO*3 and GLO*1/GLO*3 heterozygotes to 65% or less of that in normal homozygotes and heterozygotes, while the activity of GLO*3 heterozygous lymphoblastoid cells is about 80% of normal. In contrast, the GLO activity of lymphoblastoid cells that had one copy of the GLO locus deleted by gamma irradiation was 50%-60% of normal. Our observations indicate that certain kinds of mutant alleles of the GLO locus, and perhaps other loci, may not be detected in electrophoretic surveys on circulating blood cells only. The segregation of alleles that are not expressed in circulating red and white blood cells could confuse attempts to determine parentage, as they might have in the family described here. The observations also demonstrate the feasibility of mapping human genes by using ionizing radiation to create partial chromosome deletions in cultured cells. PMID- 7325157 TI - Heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes. VII. Children homozygous for the BrdU-requiring fra(10)(q25) are phenotypically normal. AB - A brother and sister have been detected who are homozygous for the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-requiring fragile site at 10q25. The children are phenotypically normal, indicating that homozygosity for this fragile site is harmless, at least during childhood. PMID- 7325158 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity within clones of fetal human cells. AB - The heterogeneity of cell morphology characteristics of some colonies of human fetal kidney and amniotic fluid cells has been analyzed by biochemical and cell cloning techniques. All the presumed subclones derived from dimorphic colonies were initially epithelioid, but some cells became fibroblastlike as the cell density increased. To determine if the observed heterogeneity occurred within clonal populations of cells, we determined the isozyme phenotype of dimers from renal cells heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Colonies showing mixed cellular morphology expressed only a single G6PD isozyme, thus revealing their single-cell origin. Our results indicate that cell morphology is influenced by the cellular density within the clone, and that a single human renal cell in vitro can yield progeny of two morphological types. PMID- 7325159 TI - The Sabinas syndrome. AB - We have defined a new autosomal recessive disorder in patients stemming from a small community in northern Mexico. Diagnosable at birth, its major symptoms include brittle hair, mental retardation, and nail dysplasia. Structural hair abnormalities are seen by both light and electron microscopy. Hair cystine content is reduced while the copper/zinc ratio in hair is increased. PMID- 7325160 TI - Optimal sampling for pedigree analysis: relatives of affected probands. AB - Criteria and rules are derived for the most statistically efficient sampling of relatives of affected probands under a simple class of standard genetic models. Results show that the optimal relative type depends on the alternative hypotheses of particular interest. Thus, there is no uniformly optimal strategy, but the criteria can be used to derive the best strategy in any particular case; examples are given. PMID- 7325161 TI - A method for the detection of carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy--a preliminary report. AB - This report of a method to detect carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy describes a technique of tissue autoradiography that identifies increased uptake of [(3)H]leucine into some individual muscle fibers in muscle biopsies. Three obligate and seven of 11 sisters of affected boys are identified as carriers in this series. This method of identification may be of value in identifying those carriers undetected by other means, but remains to be further evaluated. PMID- 7325162 TI - Genetic counseling for beta-thalassemia trait following health screening in a health maintenance organization: comparison of programmed and conventional counseling. AB - Providing adequate counseling of patients identified in genetic screening programs is a major responsibility and expense. Adults in a health maintenance organization, unselected for interest, were screened for beta-thalassemia trait as part of preventive health care. Counseling was provided by either a trained physician (conventional counseling) or by a videotape containing the same information followed by an opportunity to question a trained physician (programmed counseling). Immediately before and after counseling, knowledge of thalassemia, knowledge of genetics, and mood change were assessed by questionnaire. Comparable mood changes and similar learning about thalassemia and genetics occurred with both counseling methods. Thus, as judged by immediate effects on knowledge and mood, videotaped instruction can greatly reduce professional time required for genetic counseling and facilitate the incorporation of genetic screening into primary health care. PMID- 7325163 TI - Concept of genetic and evolutionary polyposis coli. PMID- 7325164 TI - Profile of stated drug allergies in hospitalized patients. PMID- 7325165 TI - Graphic methods of predicting phenytoin dosage and plasma concentrations. PMID- 7325166 TI - Physostigmine's use questioned for amoxapine overdose. PMID- 7325167 TI - Pharmacy's societal purpose. AB - The changing societal purpose of pharmacy is discussed. Historically, the societal purpose of pharmacy has been to make drugs and medicines available. While this core function of pharmacy remains unchanged, the profession's purpose has evolved with new medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and technological advancements. The traditional role of dispensing medications has been expanded to include developing and managing drug distribution systems that provide access points to consumers and assure drug safety and compliance with legal and professional standards. These new responsibilities have required pharmacists to acquire expertise in the storage of data, distribution, and inventory control functions, and the management of data for drug histories, patient records, quality assurance programs, and drug information services. Pharmacists and support personnel who are qualified to perform the physical and scientific aspects of drug distribution and control must also be able to handle the interpersonal relationships required at the interface of the pharmacy system and the ultimate consumer. Today's pharmacists must provide services that transmit the knowledge and skills they have at their command to physicians, other pharmacists, and patients. The service component of pharmacy should supplement and complement its core function. PMID- 7325168 TI - Cost containment through restriction of cephalosporins. AB - The effect of a program designed to reduce hospital drug costs by limiting the selection of injectable cephalosporins and promoting the rational use of the selected agents was studied. Cefazolin sodium was chosen as the primary injectable cephalosporin, and guidelines for proper dosing were approved. Strict guidelines for the use of cephapirin sodium, cefamandole nafate, and cefoxitin sodium were also adopted; cephalothin sodium was deleted from the formulary. Clinical pharmacists reviewed all cephalosporin orders and consulted with prescribers whose orders did not conform to the guidelines. Total cephalosporin purchases for the first fiscal year of the program were $64,914, a decrease of $55,715 or 46.2% from the previous year's total of $120,629. Cost per patient day for cephalosporins decreased from $0.921 to $0.519 (43.6%) over the same period. The number of milligrams of cephalosporins used per patient day decreased from 398.16 to 178.77 (55.1%), while the number of patient days decreased by only 4.45% during the same interval. The estimated annual cost of monitoring the program was $1500. This program demonstrates that substantial cost savings can be achieved if guidelines for the use of injectable cephalosporins are clearly outlined and strictly enforced. PMID- 7325169 TI - State regulatory positions concerning therapeutic substitutions in hospitals. AB - State regulatory agencies were surveyed to determine their views concerning hospital policies that allow therapeutic substitution. A questionnaire consisting of 10 close-ended questions was sent to the executive secretary of each board of pharmacy in the 50 states and District of Columbia. Agencies were contacted by telephone in four weeks if they did not respond. Of the 51 jurisdictions surveyed, 34 answered all of the questions, 13 answered some, and 4 did not respond. None of the 13 partial respondents expressed their views concerning the legality of therapeutic substitution in the institutional setting. Fifteen agencies indicated they would view this practice as illegal, 17 said it is in accordance with policies established by the P & T committee and therefore not subject to state or federal regulation, and two agencies gave qualified responses. Seven agencies indicated enforcement procedures would be initiated if they were to learn that therapeutic substitution was being practiced in a hospital within their jurisdiction. Three states were uncertain about what action would likely be taken, 23 indicated no action would be taken, and two gave qualified responses. All 39 agencies responding to the question indicated they had never taken action against the practice of a formulary system that allows therapeutic substitution. Few state laws address the practice of therapeutic substitution, and opinions of regulatory agencies vary. Moreover, the opinions rendered have not been tested in the courts. PMID- 7325170 TI - Stability of digoxin tablets collected from U.S. hospitals. AB - The stability of digoxin tablets that had been stored in hospitals across the United States was studied. All hospital pharmacies in the U.S. were contacted in February 1980 to inform them about the program, the reimbursement procedures, the sampling requirement, and the process by which laboratory results would be distributed. A response card was included for those who wanted to participate. Ninety-two samples, representing three manufacturers and an adequate cross section of the country, as well as typical dosage forms and packaging variations, were selected for laboratory analyses of content uniformity, strength, dissolution, identification, and related fluorescing substances. Eighty-five samples met the current compendial standards and seven samples failed the dissolution specifications. All seven were manufactured before July 1975 when the UPS dissolution requirements were changed. The digoxin products studied were not adversely affected by the variable stresses of the marketplace. PMID- 7325171 TI - Thiamine destruction by sodium bisulfite in infusion solutions. AB - The degree of degradation of thiamine hydrochloride in sodium bisulfite containing infusion solutions was investigated. Two amino acid and one electrolyte infusion solution containing sodium bisulfite and four infusion solutions (5 and 10% dextrose, Lactated Ringer's, and 0.9% sodium chloride injections) without sodium bisulfite were obtained in 500-ml glass or plastic containers. Three thiamine sources, two commercial multivitamin preparations, and one investigational multivitamin product were added to the infusion solutions. The percentage of added thiamine remaining after storage was determined in four experiments: (1) The investigational product was added to the infusion solutions with bisulfite, and the determinations were made after 24 hours of storage at room temperature (RT) under both light and dark conditions; (2) the two commercial multivitamin preparations were mixed with an amino acid solution containing bisulfite and the determination was made after 24 hours of storage at RT under dark conditions; (3) the investigational product was added to the infusion solutions with bisulfite, and the determinations were made after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours storage at 7 degrees C and following four hours at RT under dark conditions; and (4) the investigational product was added to the four infusion solutions without bisulfite, and the determinations were made after 24 hours of storage at RT under both light and dark conditions. In the infusion solutions containing bisulfite, the stability of thiamine was inversely related to the pH. In an amino acid solution at a pH of 6.5, only 3-8% of the added thiamine was found after 24 hours storage at RT, and only 37% was found after 24 hours at 7 degrees C. In the electrolyte solution with bisulfite (pH = 5), the percentages of thiamine remaining after 24 hours RT and 7 degrees C storage were 50 and 69%, respectively. Light exposure was not found to affect the stability of thiamine in the solutions containing bisulfite. In the infusion solutions without bisulfite, a minimal loss of thiamine occurred even though the pH range was 4.7 5.6. The degradation effect of light exposure was greater for the solutions stored in plastic than in glass. Infusion solutions containing bisulfite were found to be unsuitable vehicles for the administration of vitamin formulations containing thiamine. If a patient must receive multivitamins in infusion solutions with bisulfite, the solutions should be used immediately after their preparation, and the patient should be monitored for signs of thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7325172 TI - Stability and compatibility of antitumor agents in glass and plastic containers. AB - The stability of methotrexate, fluorouracil, cytarabine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, bleomycin sulfate, mitomycin, mithramycin, vincristine sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, carmustine, and leucovorin calcium in underfilled plastic and glass administration containers was determined. Drugs were reconstituted according to manufacturers' instructions and added to 5% dextrose injection 50 ml in both polyvinyl chloride bags and glass partial-fill bottles. In addition, mitomycin was added to 0.9% sodium chloride injection 50 ml in both polyvinyl chloride bags and glass partial-fill bottles. All admixtures were stored at room temperature, not protected from light. Stability was determined over 24 hours (48 hours for doxorubicin and fluorouracil) by high-pressure liquid chromatography, except for cyclophosphamide (analyzed by mass spectrometry) and carmustine (analyzed by spectrophotometry). Methotrexate, leucovorin calcium, cytarabine, dactinomycin, mithramycin, vinblastine sulfate, cyclophosphamide, and dacarbazine were equally stable (10% or less change in concentration over 24 hours) in glass and plastic containers. Doxorubicin and fluorouracil were more stable in plastic containers than glass containers. The T90 value for doxorubicin in glass was 40 hours; there was no apparent decrease in plastic even after 48 hours. The T90 value for fluorouracil in glass was seven hours and in plastic, 43 hours. Vincristine sulfate, bleomycin sulfate, and carmustine were more stable in glass than plastic. The T90 value for vincristine sulfate in plastic was 10 hours. The T90 value for bleomycin sulfate in plastic was 0.7 hour. The T90 value for carmustine in plastic was 0.6 hour. Mitomycin dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was more stable in plastic. Mitomycin dissolved in 5% dextrose injection was not stable. Carmustine and bleomycin sulfate should be administered only in glass containers. Continuous infusions of doxorubicin and fluorouracil are more completely delivered from plastic containers. Mitomycin should not be dissolved in 5% dextrose injection. PMID- 7325173 TI - Cimetidine hydrochloride compatibility. III: Room temperature stability in drug admixtures. AB - The stability of cimetidine hydrochloride mixed in intravenous solutions individually with 37 additives was investigated. Recommended doses of cimetidine hydrochloride injection and the other additives were diluted aseptically in varying concentrations in compatible intravenous solutions. The admixtures were stored at room temperature for 24 hours. Initial and 24-hour samples were evaluated visually on the basis of color, clarity, and pH. Cimetidine content was determined with a high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure. The following drugs formed a precipitate with some dilutions of cimetidine hydrochloride injection in i.v. solutions: amphotericin B, cefamandole nafate, cefazolin sodium, and cephalothin sodium. The combination of cimetidine hydrochloride (300 mg) and cephalothin sodium (100 mg) resulted in a cimetidine concentration that was 77% of theory. Cimetidine hydrochloride injection was visually and chemically stable in the other admixtures examined. The results of this investigation suggest that incompatibility may be expected when cimetidine hydrochloride is combined with some antibiotics, and cimetidine incompatibilities may be concentration dependent. PMID- 7325175 TI - Stability of procaine hydrochloride in a buffered cardioplegia formulation. AB - The stability of procaine hydrochloride in a buffered cardioplegia solution was studied. The formulation of Ringer's injection with added increments of potassium and magnesium plus procaine hydrochloride was buffered to a pH of 7.3-7.6 with tromethamine. Procaine hydrochloride content was measured in triplicate by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at set time intervals and at temperatures of 22, 40, and 61 degrees C. The time required for procaine to degrade to the lower shelf-life limit of 90% of its initial concentration was extrapolated to be approximately two days at room temperature and 11 days under refrigeration. It is recommended that the basic buffered cardioplegia solvent be manufactured separately, and the procaine hydrochloride be added at the time of dispensing to minimize its loss of potency. PMID- 7325174 TI - Compatibility of mephentermine sulfate with hydrocortisone sodium succinate or aminophylline in 5% dextrose injection. AB - The compatibility and stability of mephentermine sulfate with hydrocortisone sodium succinate or aminophylline in 5% dextrose injection were studied. Mephentermine sulfate injection (equivalent to mephentermine 300 mg) was added to both hydrocortisone sodium succinate injection (equivalent to hydrocortisone 100 mg--admixture I) and aminophylline injection 250 mg (admixture II), each in 5% dextrose injection 400 ml. The solutions were stored in sealed USP type I containers and stored at 0-4 degrees C, 30 +/- 2 degrees C, and 45 +/- 1 degree C. Aliquots were drawn initially and at 4 and 24 hours for pH, drug content, and degradation product determinations. Mephentermine sulfate content was analyzed by a spectrophotometric method involving ion-pair extraction with tropaeolin 00. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate and aminophylline were analyzed by color reaction with isoniazid and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. The content of mephentermine and total hydrocortisone showed no change in admixture I under all test conditions. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate ester hydrolyzed slowly, but not more than 5% after 24 hours at 45 degrees C. There was no appreciable loss of mephentermine sulfate or aminophylline potency in admixture II. The pH of the solutions did not change over the period of study. The results indicate that both admixtures were compatible and stable under the tested storage conditions for at least 24 hours. PMID- 7325176 TI - Stability of extemporaneous suspensions of carbamazepine. AB - The stability of carbamazepine in four suspending vehicles is reported. Suspensions of carbamazepine 200 mg/5 ml in sorbitol 70%, simple syrup, modified Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Suspending Vehicle (HUP), and diluted HUP (HUP-A) were prepared. The first three suspensions were stored in amber glass bottles and oral syringes at 4, 25, and 37 degrees C, and the HUP-A suspension was stored at 4 degrees C. Physical stability was assessed by visual inspection of sedimentation, ease of pouring, and foaming upon shaking. Carbamazepine concentrations were determined periodically over 90 days by an enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. The assay was validated by acid-heat degradation of the drug, separation of breakdown products by thin-layer chromatography, and confirmation of non-reactivity of the breakdown products with the assay. The concentration of carbamazepine in sorbitol 70%, simple syrup, and HUP-A was at least 90% of the prepared concentration at all sampling times. Although separation occurred, the simple syrup suspensions could be redispersed. The suspension in HUP-A remained homogeneous, was easy to pour, and produced less foam than the HUP suspension. Extemporaneously compounded suspensions of carbamazepine in HUP-A or in simple syrup can be used for patients who require a liquid dosage form. Even though sorbitol 70% produced a pharmaceutically acceptable product, its use is not recommended because it has been reported to cause intractable diarrhea. PMID- 7325177 TI - Evaluation of the ordering of serum theophylline concentrations. AB - The ordering of serum theophylline concentrations in a 900-bed university hospital was evaluated. Data were collected during the first week of three consecutive months from the records of adult inpatients who had serum theophylline assays performed. The appropriateness of ordering the serum theophylline determinations was evaluated on the basis of criteria including sampling at steady-state concentrations and sampling in proper relationship to the dosage schedule to represent a peak or trough concentration. A total of 113 determinations in 79 patients were reviewed. Pulmonary service patients accounted for 54 (48%) of the determinations. For the 56 concentrations ordered for patients receiving aminophylline continuous infusions, 25 (45%) of the determinations did not meet the criteria for appropriateness. For the 57 other determinations (oral theophylline products and intermittent bolus injections of aminophylline), 42 (74%) were not ordered according to the established criteria. Overall, 67 (59%) of 113 serum theophylline determinations were found to be ordered inappropriately. Corrective educational programs based on standard guidelines for ordering serum theophylline concentrations were established. PMID- 7325178 TI - Time dependence of iprofenin-labeling with technetium Tc 99m. AB - The incubation time required to attain 90% labeling efficiency (90% radiochemical purity) for technetium Tc 99m labeling of iprofenin (PIPIDA, Diagnostic Isotopes, Inc.), was investigated. Thirty iprofenin vials were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Aliquots were withdrawn from 12 vials at times 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after mixing. Aliquots were withdrawn from 18 vials at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 minutes. Free pertechnetate and reduced/hydrolyzed technetium were isolated from aliquots with instant thin-layer chromatography and quantified with a scintillation well counter. Based on the 30 vials, a mean (+/- S.E.M.) of 5.83 +/- 4.32 minutes was required to attain 90% labeling efficiency. Using tolerance limits calculations, the incubation time required to be assured that 95% of vials have achieved 90% labeling is 16.8 minutes. It is concluded that 99mTc iprofenin vials should be incubated 17 minutes to be assured of 90% labeling efficiency. PMID- 7325179 TI - Therapeutic substitution and the hospital formulary system. AB - Physicians consent and statutory regulations relating to therapeutic substitution are discussed. Some hospitals have adopted policies allowing the interchange of a chemically inequivalent product deemed therapeutically identical by the P & T committee. In the absence of statutory regulation, hospital pharmacists usually refer to (1) the physician's agreement to abide by hospital bylaws (including the formulary system) when joining the hospital staff, or (2) prescription blanks and order sheets preprinted with the statement "substitution permitted unless otherwise indicated" as the legal authority for therapeutic substitution. Only two states have addressed the legality of therapeutic substitution. An opinion of the Oregon Attorney General and a Washington state statute both authorize therapeutic substitution under certain circumstances if the prescriber has given prior consent. Neither of the states specifies, however, whether the agreement of prescribers to abide by hospital bylaws constitutes authorization of therapeutic substitution. It is proposed that state boards of pharmacy and state legislatures draft laws that address therapeutic substitution and specify acceptable methods of consent. PMID- 7325180 TI - Managing computer systems. AB - This paper launches a 12-part series of articles on managing computer systems for the hospital pharmacy department. The series will concentrate on the evaluation, purchase, and implementation of commercial computer systems. Computer hardware and software capabilities will be reviewed, a systematic approach toward the selection of a vendor will be outlined, advice on how to justify a system wil be offered, and important considerations in implementing and managing a computer system will be discussed. PMID- 7325181 TI - Self-assessment checklist for evaluating the security of a hospital pharmacy. PMID- 7325182 TI - Evaluation of the use of laboratory tests in monitoring tobramycin therapy. PMID- 7325183 TI - ASHP accreditation standard for residency training in nuclear pharmacy (with guide to interpretation). PMID- 7325184 TI - ASHP supplemental standard and learning objectives for residency training in nutritional support pharmacy practice. PMID- 7325185 TI - Drug interactions with cimetidine. AB - Drug-drug interactions of cimetidine and possible mechanisms of interaction are discussed. Cimetidine has several actions in vivo that may result in drug-drug interactions. By decreasing acid secretion into the stomach, cimetidine increases the pH of the gastric contents. This may lead to decreased absorption of drugs that require a lower pH for dissolution, or increased absorption of drugs whose absorption is normally decreased by acid inactivation in the stomach. Cimetidine also reduces hepatic blood flow significantly and inhibits microsomal metabolism of drugs inactivated by this system. Both of these actions impair inactivation of numerous drugs. Cimetidine's increase of gastric pH has not been shown to result in clinically important drug-drug interactions. Cimetidine's effects of hepatic metabolism and blood flow are clinically relevant, and several interactions are attributable to them. PMID- 7325186 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: a retrospective study of 25 cases from Iowa. AB - We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 25 women ages 13 to 41 years who had diagnosed illnesses compatible wtih toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Cases occurred between January 1976 and October 1980. Fourteen confirmed TSS cases and 11 probable TSS cases were identified. In each case initial symptoms occurred in association with menstrual bleeding and tampon use. All patients were febrile. Hypotension occurred in 20 cases, but five patients with milder illness remained normotensive. An erythematous rash occurred in 20 cases. Desquamation occurred in convalescence in all but two cases. Complications included delirium or coma, acute renal failure, and respiratory distress syndrome. Thirteen patients had recurrences of TSS. S. aureus was isolated from the vagina or cervix in 75% of cases. There is a spectrum of severity associated with TSS. Strict diagnostic criteria established heretofore for epidemiologic studies of TSS may not be met by all cases of TSS. PMID- 7325187 TI - Influence of synthetic corticosteroids on plasma zinc and copper levels in humans. AB - The effects of varying doses of a short-acting (methylprednisolone) and a long acting (dexamethasone) synthetic glucocorticoid on extent and duration of alterations in plasma zinc and copper concentrations in normal humans are documented. Early after intravenous administration of either steroid, increases in plasma zinc and copper levels were observed. By 12 hours, plasma zinc concentrations had decreased below control levels and the extent and duration of the depression depended on the dosage of the steroid administered. No significant decrease was noted beyond 48 hours. The plasma copper levels did not decrease until after zinc levels began returning toward normal, reaching a peak depression at 48 hours and, at high doses of steroids, persisting until completion of the study at 96 hours. This difference in the time sequence suggests that different mechanism control plasma concentrations of the two metals. The serum zinc levels may depend on ACTH-adrenal interactions, while the slower response of the serum copper levels may depend on changes in the rate of synthesis of the serum copper binding protein, ceruloplasmin. PMID- 7325188 TI - Hypopituitarism, delayed growth, and an empty sella turcica. PMID- 7325189 TI - Metastatic nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma: ultrastructural evidence of secretory granules and response to chemotherapy. AB - A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent cervical nodules, a large anterior mediastinal mass, and malignant left pleural effusion. Light and electron microscopy of the resected cervical nodules and cytology of the pleural fluid showed findings consistent with parathyroid carcinoma. There was no evidence of hyperparathyroidism on clinical evaluation, multiple serum calcium and phosphorus determinations, skeletal survey, intravenous pyelogram, or radioimmunoassay of intact and carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormones in the serum. Electron microscopy revealed secretory granules in the cytoplasma of malignant cells. A dramatic and complete resolution of the mediastinal mass and pleural effusion occurred after 18 months of chemotherapy with "MACC" (methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and CCNU). PMID- 7325190 TI - Long-term survival in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: case report and literature review. AB - The case reported concerns a 29-year-old man who was seen because of clinical and laboratory features consistent with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. While an infant he underwent splenectomy for thrombocytopenia. Evaluation revealed small platelets, abnormal immunoglobulin levels, impaired delayed hypersensitivity, and mildly reduced neutrophil chemotaxis. His response to vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine was subnormal. Possible factors accounting for his long-term survival are discussed. PMID- 7325191 TI - Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint due to gram-positive microorganisms. AB - Infectious arthritis of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint is a known complication of intravenous drug abuse. Most reported cases have been caused by gram-negative microorganisms. Patients with this form of septic arthritis usually have protracted illnesses and require both medical and surgical, therapy. During 18 months we saw four cases of SC septic arthritis cause by gram-positive microorganisms. Three cases were related to heroin use and Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organisms. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in the remaining patient. All patients had the abrupt onset of SC joint swelling and tenderness as the initial complaint and all responded favorably to appropriate intravenous drug therapy. PMID- 7325192 TI - Handedness and hand joint changes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheumatoid arthritis. Measurements of metacarpophalangeal lateral mobility, loss of metacarpophalangeal hyperextension, thumb metacarpophalangeal range of motion, and lateral pinch strength were statistically compared across dominant and nondominant hands of 51 adult subjects who had definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Incidence of boutonniere and swan neck deformities and distal radioulna laxity was also recorded. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance of the difference scores between dominant and nondominant measures were not significant. The authors concluded that the relationship of hand use to joint destruction is not yet clearly defined and further study is needed. Implications for treatment principles of joint protection are presented. PMID- 7325193 TI - The development of a work-oriented day center program. AB - A community-based day center for former psychiatric patients developed a new work oriented pilot program for members who want to change and become more self directed and independent in their living situations. After a year the pilot program was evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation recommendations, the program became a permanent and expanded part of the center's activities. The expansion included a strong occupational therapy component and a Transitional Employment Program. PMID- 7325194 TI - Training program for a myo-electrically controlled prosthesis with sensory feedback system. AB - A myo-electrically controlled prosthesis that incorporates a sensory feedback mechanism to provide the wearer with a sense of touch or gripping force in the prosthetic hand was developed for patients with below-elbow amputations. A training protocol was established in which patients were taught to produce myo electric control signals and to interpret the sensory feedback. The protocol includes functional training in daily living skills. The experiences of four patients trained with these limbs are described. PMID- 7325195 TI - Gaming technique: an assessment and training tool for individuals with learning deficits. AB - In this article the literature on gaming technique is reviewed as applied to life simulation experiences. The gaming technique is the use or the adaptation of existing games or the development of training games. Training games are useful educational tools to teach daily living skills to the mild to moderate mentally retarded population and other individuals with learning deficits. The author discusses the application of games to a variety of training situations in the occupational therapy clinic and summarizes techniques for making an adaptation of or for constructing games. Four games are included: a pegboard game, a friendship or socialization game, a money-calculator game, and a disaster game. PMID- 7325196 TI - Guitar capo for a bilateral upper extremity amputee. PMID- 7325197 TI - Relative legibility of numerals in visual acuity testing. PMID- 7325198 TI - The Gerontology Unit at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon. PMID- 7325199 TI - Training of the ophthalmology resident by the optometrist. AB - This presentation addresses the many facets of interdisciplinary cooperation in training of interns. Areas in which optometrists are strongly qualified to do so include physiological optics, contact lenses, low vision, and binocular vision. Attitudes toward the training of ophthalmologists by optometrists are explored, along with the positive benefits flowing from such cooperation. PMID- 7325200 TI - Clinical investigation of the foveal light reflex. AB - Over a 2-month period, 1,516 optometric patients were evaluated by a collaborative study group of 30 staff doctors in Veterans Administration Medical Centers and Outpatient Clinics. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the status of foveal light reflexes in the population, and thereby to establish normative data for this clinical phenomenon. Frequency data, correlation analyses, and literature citations are included in the paper. PMID- 7325201 TI - Goldmann applanation tonometry without fluorescein. AB - Recently, there have been several suggestions that Goldmann applanation tonometry can be performed without fluorescein. In order to determine the clinical efficacy of performing Goldmann applanation tonometry without fluorescein, 100 consecutive patients had applanation tonometry performed without fluorescein (Ophthetic only) and with fluorescein (Fluress), according to a predetermined randomization schedule. It was found that the average difference between readings with fluorescein and without fluorescein was 7.01 mm Hg. Tonometry readings without fluorescein were lower than readings with fluorescein. In addition, regression analysis indicated that the differences between the readings with and without fluorescein increased as intraocular pressure increased. By not utilizing fluorescein in Goldmann applanation tonometry, the clinician will record lower readings. In addition, greater errors in measurement occur with increasing intraocular pressures. Because eyes with higher intraocular pressures are at a greater risk to develop glaucomatous optic atrophy and loss of visual field, the merits of Goldmann applanation tonometry without fluorescein are speculative. PMID- 7325202 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease). PMID- 7325204 TI - A case of an irregular altitudinal field defect associated with a traumatic choroidal rupture. AB - A patient developed a traumatic choroidal rupture of his left eye during a rodeo broncobusting ride. The unusual aspect of this horizontal rupture is that it produced an irregular altitudinal field defect. The trauma was severe enough to cause a field defect not typically seen in choroidal ruptures. This is thought to be the first such report. PMID- 7325203 TI - Terrien's marginal corneal degeneration: a case report. AB - This paper presents a brief historical review and details of one case of this condition. Terrien's marginal corneal degeneration involves a relatively painless degeneration of the superior corneal stroma, with the most prominent clinical finding being the marked irregular astigmatism which accompanies the corneal thinning. PMID- 7325205 TI - Hypertensive retinopathy and generalized scleroderma. AB - A case is presented of hypertensive retinopathy seen in a patient with generalized scleroderma. Retinal changes are not generally found in scleroderma, which makes this case significant. Other systemic and ocular manifestations seen in scleroderma (some of which were present in this patient) are reviewed. PMID- 7325206 TI - Low vision care--two case reports. AB - Two patients are discussed and their similarities and differences are noted. Both lost an eye as a result of military service. One had low vision in the remaining eye because of a retinal problem with generally clear media. The other had an essentially normally functioning retina but light transmission was compromised because of a developing cataract. It was demonstrated that visually impaired or legally blind persons can be helped and they do not always need sophisticated devices to achieve useful vision. I described the devices prescribed and the advice given. PMID- 7325207 TI - Lens effectivity in terms of dioptric power matrices. AB - An effective dioptric power matrix is defined. The effective dioptric power matrix can be calculated directly from the lens dioptric power matrix, its trace, and its determinant, without using the sphere, cylinder, and axis parameters of the lens. This greatly simplifies any calculations in which dioptric power matrices are obtained in intermediate steps, including separated obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lens calculations. The generalization of the effective dioptric power matrix to a reduced vergence matrix is also discussed. PMID- 7325208 TI - The accuracy of multimeridional refraction. AB - The accuracy of meridional refraction using equally spaced preselected meridians was investigated by using populations of computer-simulated patients. The number of meridians refracted, patient refractive error, and the coarseness of phoroptor steps were varied. Results indicate that the accuracy of meridional refraction is independent of the relative orientation of the axis of the patient's astigmatism and the preselected meridians, that little is to be gained by use of a phoropter with steps finer than the usual 0.25 D, and that with a sufficient number of meridians, meridional refraction can be as accurate as more conventional techniques. PMID- 7325209 TI - Effect of accommodation on visually evoked response. AB - Accommodation causes variation in both visually evoked response (VER) amplitude and implicit time. Measurements indicate an average decrease in amplitude of about 1 muV per diopter and an increase in implicit time of about 1.5 msec per diopter for increasing amounts of accommodation. Care should be taken to eliminate any accommodative stimulus which could alter the normal VER response during clinical evaluation. PMID- 7325210 TI - Effects of base-out training on proximal convergence. AB - Proximal convergence/nearness ratios were determined before and after a program of base-out training. Ratios using base-out vergence, phoria, and base-in vergence data were found to fall after training while the base-out limit increased dramatically. Since the ACA's did not change, it was concluded that it is not the awareness of nearness that is enhanced in such training, but the amplitude of fusional convergence. PMID- 7325211 TI - Clinical comparison of the zone of clear single binocular vision with the zone of zero-associated phoria. AB - Normative data comparing the zone of zero-associated phoria (ZZAP) with the zone of clear single binocular vision (ZCSBV) are presented based on a clinical study of 156 asymptomatic patients. No statistically significant relations were found between zone difference and patient age, sex, and amount of near lens addition in the case of presbyopes. PMID- 7325212 TI - Interocular transfer of a visual aftereffect in different kinds of strabismus. AB - The interocular transfer of the tilt aftereffect may depend upon the level of binocularity possessed by the subject. Visual acuity, eccentric fixation, and suppression may affect the results of such studies independently of the role of binocular cortical cells. This study found no significant difference between normal and strabismic subjects in the ability to appreciate and to transfer the tilt aftereffect. PMID- 7325213 TI - Multivariate analysis of color-evoked potentials. AB - Transient visual-evoked cortical potentials (VECP's) were recorded for equal luminance chromatic flashes presented against a dark background and for substitutions of chromatic stimuli for achromatic fields of equal luminance. The VECP's for the flashed targets had larger amplitudes and shorter latencies than those for the substituted targets. These findings are consistent with previous psychophysical data which suggest that colored stimuli are processed in a short latency achromatic channel and a long-latency chromatic channel. Subsequent factor analyses of the VECP's revealed a component which was interpreted as activity in the achromatic channel. These factor analyses also revealed three additional components which were tentatively identified as indications of previously undocumented high-level luminance and color processing mechanisms. Problems associated with the factor analytic approach to VECP waveform analysis are also discussed. PMID- 7325214 TI - A cytogenetic survey of 110 baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - A cytogenetic investigation of 110 adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) captured in Kenya and sacrificed at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, showed the absence of anomalies, numerical or structural bearing on nonheterochromatic material; a polymorphism of the AgNOR-positive secondary constriction of chromosome 5 in 12% of the animals; a polymorphism of a secondary constriction of chromosome 7 in 2% of the animals; a fragile site of chromosome 6 in one animal. We believe that our data show that cytogenetic observations in present day primates probably reflect their chromosomal evolution. PMID- 7325215 TI - Sexual dimorphism in two subspecies of Ethiopian Baboons (Papio Hamadryas) and their hybrids. AB - Sexual dimorphism in mammals has been related to such variables as absolute body size, ecology, and various aspects of social behavior. Attempts to relate dimorphism to any of these variables have necessarily used small heterogeneous samples to represent the relevant species. We are concerned by the inevitable exclusion of any measure of variability in dimorphism and the consequent impossibility of assessing the significance of observed interspecific differences. In this paper we describe aspects of sexual dimorphism in anubis, hamadryas, and hybrid baboons from Ethiopia. Samples are large enough to permit a measure of intrapopulational variability. Hamadryas baboons are more dimorphic than anubis in epigamic features, but not in postcanine dentition, nor, contrary to previous reports, in body weight or canine tooth size. Hybrid males are more hamadryas-like and hybrid females more anubis-like, as would be predicted by the proposed mechanism for the establishment of the hybrid zone, namely the capture of anubis females by hamadryas males. PMID- 7325216 TI - Strontium and diet at Hayonim Cave. AB - Faunal and human bones from the Natufian and Aurignacian levels of Hayonim Cave, Israel, were analyzed for calcium, strontium, and phosphate, in order to investigate the efficacy of strontium measurements for determining the proportion of meat in human diets. This site in the western Galilee was appropriate for a test of the technique since a) herbivore and carnivore fauna were present in numbers from two different time periods, b) well-characterized human skeletons were also present in at least one of these levels, and c) the diets of the individuals examined were basically well understood. On the basis of Sr/Ca values, a large difference was observed between Natufian herbivore bones and carnivore bones in the manner predicted by the diets of these species. Sr/Ca values for the adult humans from the same level fell midway between the herbivore and carnivore ranges. However, a different pattern was observed for Aurignacian fauna; no difference could be found between Sr/Ca ratios of herbivore and carnivore bones. The findings suggest that, in certain circumstances, the technique may provide important new paleodietary information. However, at any given site or level, both herbivore and carnivore fauna should be analyzed before conclusions about human diets are drawn from it. PMID- 7325217 TI - The relationship between split-line orientation and in vivo bone strain in galago (G crassicaudatus) and macaque (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) mandibles. AB - There is still disagreement concerning the functional significance of split-line patterns in bone. This study was undertaken to reexamine the mechanical forces hypothesis for split-line formation by comparing split-line patterns with in vivo mandibular bone strain patterns. The relationship between split-line orientation and in vivo stress and strain patterns on macaque and galago mandibles was examined during jaw opening and the power stroke of mastication and incision. An attempt was made to relate split-line orientation to the direction of tensile stress and strain along the primate mandible. In addition, we also investigated the alternative possibility that split-line orientation is related to the direction of low stresses (and strains) on the primate mandible. The results of this study showed that there was no consistent relationship between split-line orientation and the principal strains or stresses. Thus, split-lines did not run consistently in the direction of high or low stress and strain. Therefore, we have concluded that split-line orientation provides little useful information for inferring patterns of stress and strain in bone. PMID- 7325218 TI - Epiphyseal union and dental eruption Macaca mulatta. AB - Age of dental eruption and epiphyseal fusion is estimated for the permanent dentition and long bone epiphyses of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), with 299 skeletons of individuals with known age of death, from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection. Epiphyses at a given joint tend to have the same time. While males and females tend to have the same pattern of epiphyseal fusion, females' epiphyses fuse earlier than those of malep rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), with 299 skeletons of individuals with known age of death, from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection. Epiphyses at a given joint tend to have the same time. While males and females tend to have the same pattern of epiphyseal fusion, females' epiphyses fuse earlier than those of males, especially at the elbow and knee joints. The order of epiphyseal fusion in rhesus macaques follows the general primate pattern. Times of dental eruption for males and females are generally the same, except for the relatively late eruption of the canine in the males. The order of eruption follows a common primate pattern (dm2-M1-I1-I2-M2-(P3, P4)-C M3). Multiple regressions were calculated in order to allow determination of developmental state, or predictions of chronological age, from epiphyseal fusion and/or dental eruption scores in juvenile rhesus macaques. Standard deviations of residuals from these regressions indicate considerable variation in developmental state among animals of the same chronological age. The lack of correlation between residuals from the separate skeletal and dental regressions, indicates that skeletal and dental development are largely independent. PMID- 7325219 TI - Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in the African apes. AB - Examination of relative growth and allometry is important for our understanding of the African apes, as they represent a closely related group of species of increasing body size. This study presents a comparison of ontogenetic relative growth patterns of some postcranial dimensions in Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, and Gorilla gorilla. Interspecific proportion differences among the three species are also analyzed. It is stressed that reliable ontogenetic information can only be obtained if subadults are examined-growth data cannot be inferred from static adult scaling. Results indicate that some postcranial relative growth patterns are very similar in the three species, suggesting differential extrapolation of a common growth pattern, whereas for other proportion comparisons the growth trends differ markedly among the species, producing distinct shape differences in the adults. Interspecific shape changes among the three species are characterized by positive allometry of chest girth and negative allometry of body height and leg length. It is suggested that relative decrease of leg length with increasing body size among the African pongids might be expected on biomechanical grounds, in quadrupedal terrestrialism. Relative to body weight or trunk length, the limbs of the bonobo (Pan paniscus) are longer than in the common chimpanzee or the gorilla, with a lower intermembral index. This may most closely resemble the primitive condition for the African apes. PMID- 7325221 TI - HLA antigens in Tukuna Indians. AB - Ninety-nine Tukuna Indians, inhabitants of the high Amazon, were typed for the HLA antigens. The method used was the microlymphocytotoxicity technique recommended by the NIH. At the same time, cross-matching was performed between the lymphocytes of the 99 Indians and the sera of 240 other multiparous Indians. Later the multiparous sera were cross-matched with a selected panel of Caucasoid individuals. The results showed that the most frequent antigens for th HLA-A locus were A2, Aw24 and Aw31. As for the HLA-B locus, B5, Bw39 and B40 were most frequent. The haplotypes HLA-Aw31-Bw39, and A2-B5 were in linkage disequilibrium. The results of the cross-matching showed 21.3% sera with positive reactions against Indian cells. Ten sera presented antibodies against known HLA antigens; five of them were monospecific, four had two specificities, and one showed three specificities. It was not possible to arrive at any conclusion about the 41 remaining sera. Six sera had positive reactions only with Indians cells. PMID- 7325220 TI - Optimal birthweights in Peruvian populations at high and low altitudes. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that optimum birthweight for survival is lower among hospital-born infants in Puno, Peru (altitude 3860 m) than that among their counterparts at low altitude in Tacna, Peru (altitude 600 m). The data are derived from hospital birth records for 1971 and 1972 and municipal death records for 1971 through 1973. Linking these records permits analysis of the patterns of mortality in relation to birthweight. Stabilizing selection upon birthweight is operating in both populations. The high altitude population has a lower mean birthweight and a lower optimal birthweight. The Puno population is closer to its optimal birthweight distribution and, as a result of mortality during infancy, is approaching its optimum birthweight distribution for survival more rapidly than the Tacna population. It appears that the high altitude Puno population may well be adapted to its environment in the sense that there is less selective mortality on birthweight phenotypes. PMID- 7325222 TI - The HLA loci of th Hopi and Navajo. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present the genetic distribution at the HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci in the Hopi and the Navajo. A sample of 100 out-patients from each tribe was selected at the Public Health Service Indian Hospital in Keam's Canyon, Arizona, and was typed for the antigens at the four loci. The distributions of the alleles and the haplotypes are similar in each tribe. A distance measure, f, confirms the genetic similarity of the two populations. It is concluded that the great cultural diversity of the Hopi and the Navajo is the result of a cultural evolution and diversification that has greatly outstripped the genetic evolution at the major histocompatibility loci over the past 20,000 years. PMID- 7325223 TI - Interlineage genetic differentiation among rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. PMID- 7325224 TI - Human nasal protrusion, latitude, and climate. AB - Relationships between morphological features of human skeletal nasal protrusion, latitude, and climate were investigated. Craniofacial dimensions and indices determined by Woo and Morant (1934) on a world sample of 55 skeletal populations were used as dependent variables. Sample sizes were as low as 39 in some calculations because either skeletal or geographic data were missing. Thirteen climatically related averaged variables, for each population's provenience, were the independent variables. Multivariate techniques of bivariate correlation, multiple regression, and partial correlation were applied. A strong, Statistically significant cline of increasing nose protrusion, with decreasing absolute humidity and with increasing latitude, was found. Cold climatic variables appeared to be of greater importance than warm measures. Similarly, absolute humidity was found to be a much better predictor of nose protrusion than was relative humidity. PMID- 7325225 TI - Amino acid release from the hindquarter and urea appearance in acute uremia. AB - Hepatic urea production is increased in acutely uremic rats, but it is not known whether this is related to release of nitrogen from nonhepatic tissues. Rats with acute uremia had lower arterial concentrations of alanine, glutamine, and alpha amino nitrogen when compared to sham-operated rats and released significantly more alpha-amino nitrogen from the hindquarter in situ. Release of alpha-amino nitrogen, alanine, and glutamine from the perfused hindquarter of acutely uremic rats was greater than that of sham-operated rats. These changes in situ and in the perfused hindquarter were more pronounced in rats deprived of food and water compared to fed animals and were not due to depletion of intracellular amino acids. In addition to increased amino acid nitrogen release, there was a higher urea appearance rate (excretion plus accumulation) in starved, uremic rats compared to sham-operated controls (244.7 +/- 11.2 vs. 182.0 +/- 12.4 mg. 100 g-1 .48 h-1); urea appearance also was suppressed partially by feeding. Both peripheral release of amino acids and diet influence waste nitrogen production in acute uremia. PMID- 7325226 TI - Abnormal brown adipose tissue in genetically obese mice (ob/ob): effect of thyroxine. AB - Lean and genetically obese (ob/ob): mice were treated daily for 2 wk with thyroxine (T4), noradrenaline, or thyroxine plus noradrenaline. T4 treatment of obese mice increased the abnormally low binding of GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria and permitted a cold-induced increase to occur. It also brought about a return to a more normal ultrastructure of the mitochondria of the obese mice. T4 treatment did not alter the binding of GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria of lean mice. The binding of GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria is known to be to a 32,000-dalton polypeptide associated with the thermogenic proton conductance pathway. T4 treatment did not alter the proportion of this polypeptide in the mitochondrial membrane in either lean or obese mice. Treatment with noradrenaline did not alter the binding of GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria in either lean or obese mice. The effect of T4 is thought to be due to an improvement in the defective responsiveness of brown adipose tissue to endogenous noradrenaline in the obese mice, known to be related to their poor cold resistance and obesity. The improvement allows a more normal noradrenaline induced unmasking of GDP binding sites, both in response to diet and in response to cold. Such treatment is known to improve cold resistance of the obese mice, and this appears to be correlated with an improvement in the functioning of their defective brown adipose tissue. PMID- 7325227 TI - Induction of luteolysis by dihydrotestosterone in the pregnant rat. AB - A dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pellet (4 mg) inserted under each ovarian bursa on day 9 of pregnancy induced within 24 h, a 40% decline in serum progesterone (P) concentrations in rats; a further reduction was observed on days 12 and 15. Although P levels were significantly reduced by DHT treatment, fetuses remained alive on day 12. However, by day 15, complete abortion occurred in 75% of the rats, indicating that a decline in P secretion precedes abortion, To further determine whether the abortifacient action of DHT was due to its luteolytic effect, 20-cm DHT capsules were implanted subcutaneously in ovariectomized rats treated with 4 mg P and 0.5 micrograms of estradiol (E). Control rats were sham operated and treated with empty capsules. DHT treatment induced complete abortion by day 15 only in rats with ovaries present, further indicating that DHT was not directly detrimental to the fetuses but acted on the ovaries to induce luteolysis. When DHT treatment was started on day 12, no luteolytic effect was detectable. To determine whether the effect of DHT was mediated by either a decrease in the ovarian production of E, a decline in luteal cell content of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors or both, testosterone (T) levels in the peripheral circulation and E and P concentrations in the ovarian vein were measured on day 15 in rats implanted with two DHT pellets under the ovarian bursa on day 9. Luteal content of LH receptors was also measured on day 12 in similarly treated rats. DHT treatment had no effect on serum levels or on ovarian vein concentration of E, but induced a significant decrease in the ovarian vein levels of P. DHT also did not depress LH receptor content in corpora lutea. DHT levels in the ovaries increase significantly between days 18 and 22 of pregnancy, concomitant with the cessation of corpus luteum function. These results indicate that DHT possesses a potent luteolytic activity and could be involved in the luteolytic process in the pregnant rat. PMID- 7325229 TI - Source and fate of circulating citrulline. AB - Previous work has demonstrated a continuous release of citrulline from the small intestine into the circulation. To evaluate the physiologic significance of this process, we have now measured citrulline uptake and release by isolated, perfused livers and, through surgical means and arteriovenous difference measurements, by various organs of the rat in vivo. Intestinally derived citrulline, an end product of glutamine nitrogen metabolism, passes through the liver without appreciable uptake. No significant extraintestinal source of circulating citrulline was found. Contrary to earlier suggestions, the liver releases no citrulline normally, but only when supplied with unphysiological high levels of ornithine and ammonia. Renal citrulline uptake was equivalent to approximately 83% the rate of intestinal release; kidneys, in turn, released arginine equivalent to approximately 75% of the citrulline taken up. Acute experiments in which the intestine, intestine plus liver, or kidneys were excluded from the circulation indicate that additional organs may also participate in citrulline exchange, at least when the circulating citrulline level is abnormal. The intestinal-renal pathway seems to account for a large though still unmeasured portion of the citrulline turnover in the circulation. PMID- 7325228 TI - Glutamate interconversions and glucogenicity in the sheep. AB - Simultaneous measurements were made of net and unidirectional glutamate metabolism by the portal-drained viscera, liver, kidneys, and hindquarters of fed, acidotic, and fasted sheep. The contribution of glutamate to glutamine and glucose production also was estimated. Of the glutamate present in whole blood, 45% was in plasma and 55% in the cellular fraction. Acidosis and fasting reduced blood glutamate concentrations, but did not change the plasma:cellular ratio. [14C]glutamate exchanged only little between plasma and blood cells. Clearly, this demonstrates a lack of the alpha-amino acid transport system in blood cells. Net rates of plasma glutamate flux by the portal-drained viscera and kidneys were less than 0.5 mmol/h, but, in fed sheep, the liver released 2--3 mmol/h into the plasma and the hindquarters removed an average of 0.9 mmol/h. Both were reduced by acidosis and fasting. Unidirectional rates were highly significant and greater than net rates. Acidosis and fasting primarily seemed to affect production by the liver, but only utilization by the hindquarters. Plasma glutamate turnover averaged 6--9 mmol/h, but interconversions with glutamine were low; only 12--25% was converted to glutamine and most of this occurred in extrarenal tissues. A similar rate of 20--26% of the glutamate was converted to glucose, which accounted for about 4% of the total glucose produced. The kidneys seemed to play an important gluconeogenic role; whereas the liver possibly could account for 100% of the glucose produced from glutamate in fed sheep, the kidneys accounted for 40--45% during acidosis and fasting. PMID- 7325230 TI - Uptake of [3H]PAH and [14C]urate into isolated proximal tubular segments of the pig kidney. AB - Segments of proximal convoluted (PCT) and proximal straight (PST) tubules of minipigs and normal-sized pigs were microdissected (without collagenase treatment) and incubated (30 min, 37 degrees C, pH 7.4) in Ringer solution (under O2) containing [3H]PAH (3.10(-5) M) or [14C]urate (9.10(-5) M) and, in inhibitor studies, probenecid, pyrazinoic acid (PZA), urate or PAH, all at 1 mM. In both strains the uptake of [3H]PAH expressed as means T/M ratio (cpm per ml tissue water/cpm per ml incubation medium) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in PCT than in PST. T/M was 34.7 +/- 5.6 (SE) in 34 PCT and 2.4 +/- 0.3 in 24 PST of eight minipigs. In two normal-sized pigs the T/M was 14.1 +/- 3.6 in 15 PCT and 1.4 +/- 0.1 in six PST. Similar results were obtained for [14C]urate. In eight minipigs the T/M was 4.9 +/- 0.5 in 24 PCT and 2 +/- 0.2 in 25 PST. In normal-sized pigs the T/M was 3.8 +/- 0.3 in 35 PCT (five pigs) and 1.9 +/- 0.4 in eight PST (two pigs). In inhibitor studies urate significantly depressed the uptake of [3H]PAH, and unlabeled PAH depressed the uptake of [14C]urate. PZA significantly inhibited the uptake of [14C]urate but not that of [3H]PAH, whereas probenecid had a strong inhibitory effect on the uptake of both compounds. These results suggest that [14C]urate and [3H]PAH are transported by a transport system located mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule. These findings are in contrast to the findings obtained in rabbits in which the transport system of PAH and urate is mainly located in the proximal part of the pars recta. PMID- 7325231 TI - Collection and analysis of absorbate from proximal straight tubules. AB - When isolated segments of rabbit proximal straight tubules were perfused under oil at 37 degrees C, we observed that droplets of absorbate formed on the peritubular surface. Volume absorption under these conditions was the same as with customary aqueous bathing solutions when calculated either from the rate of absorbate formation (0.39 +/- 0.03 nl X min-1 X mm-1) or from the difference in measured perfusion and collection rates (0.37 +/- 0.04 nl X min-1 X mm-1). Absorbate formation continued at a steady rate for at least 2 h but was inhibited by 71% at 28 degrees C. The absorbate was found to have a composition that differed from the perfusate, as would be expected in the presence of preferential absorption of glucose, amino acids, and HCO-3. The Cl- concentration in the absorbate was 11.2 +/- 1.8 mM less than in the perfusate. The glucose concentration in the absorbate was 4.5 mM compared with 0.9 mM in the perfusate. Finally, the nonmetabolizable amino acid cycloleucine, which was added to the perfusate at 0.35 mM, had a concentration of 2.9 mM in the epithelial cells compared with 1.6 mM in the absorbate. These data establish the usefulness of this technique for examining solute and water absorption in the proximal nephron and show that the absorbate can differ considerably in solute composition from the luminal perfusate. PMID- 7325232 TI - Micropuncture study of the superficial nephron of Perognathus penicillatus. AB - A micropuncture study of Perognathus penicillatus, a small rodent native to the deserts of the southwestern United States was performed to evaluate the function of the superficial nephron. Data are reported for 12 animals of 17 g average body wt. Mean glomerular filtration rate was 475 +/- 73 microliter X min-1 X g kidney wt-1. Urine osmolality averaged 1,154 +/- 197 mosmol/kg H2O. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate averaged 43 nl X min-1 X g kidney wt-1 in the proximal tubule and 48 in the distal tubule, values that are not significantly different. In terms of the filtered load remaining unreabsorbed at the end of the accessible proximal tubule, the average percentages were 46 water, 48 total solute, 45 sodium, 56 phosphorus, 62 potassium, 71 magnesium, and 54 calcium. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium in fluid samples increased significantly along the proximal tubule. Approximately at the midpoint of the distal tubule, fractional delivery of water, 13.1%, was greater than that for total solute, 10%, or sodium, 7%, indicating that the intervening segment of nephron reabsorbed solute and sodium in excess of water. The function of the superficial nephron resembles that of species previously investigated except for potassium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule. PMID- 7325233 TI - Functional and morphologic patterns of renal maturation in the developing guinea pig. AB - Clearance experiments were carried out in fetal, young, and adult pigs undergoing salt loading. Kidney sections were histologically examined and the proximal tubular length, glomerular volume, and number of glomeruli were estimated. Between days 48 and 55 of gestation, the significant increase in glomerular filtration rate was proportionately higher than the concentration increase in water, total solutes, and sodium reabsorption. During this period, neither the proximal tubular length nor the glomerular volume of the juxtamedullary nephrons changed significantly. The main morphologic change took place in the superficial cortex, where new glomeruli attached to very short tubules differentiated. From day 55 to birth, the increase in water, total solutes, and sodium filtered loads was proportionately smaller than the concomitant increase in tubular reabsorption. During this phase, the major morphologic change was the significant lengthening of the proximal tubules of the juxtamedullary and superficial nephrons. These findings suggest that for water, sodium, and total solutes the maturation of superficial nephrons is accompanied by a phase of functional glomerular preponderance. Despite the differentiation of the superficial nephrons, renal handling of normally filtered glucose did not change significantly. Functional glomerulotubular coupling for water, sodium, and total solutes took place soon after birth. PMID- 7325234 TI - Effects of chloride substitutes on PAH transport by isolated perfused renal tubules. AB - Effects of substituting isethionate, methyl sulfate, or thiocyanate for chloride on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport by isolated perfused snake (Thamnophis spp.) distal-proximal renal tubules were studied. In the perfusate, isethionate or methyl sulfate substitution irreversibly depressed net PAH secretion and the apparent PAH permeability of the luminal membrane by about 60-80%, whereas thiocyanate substitution had no effect. In the bathing medium, isethionate substitution reversibly stimulated net PAH secretion by about 35% without changing the apparent permeability of the peritubular membrane to PAH (Pp); thiocyanate substitution reversibly inhibited net PAH secretion by about 45% without affecting Pp; and methyl sulfate substitution had no effect. With simultaneous substitutions in perfusate and bath, isethionate depressed net PAH secretion irreversibly, whereas thiocyanate had no effect. Effects on PAH transport were not simply the result of changes in transepithelial potential or of the changes in net transepithelial fluid movement. These data strengthen the concept that net PAH secretion involves different mediated steps at the peritubular and luminal membranes. Since these tubules are highly permeable to thiocyanate and poorly permeable to isethionate and methyl sulfate, the data suggest that the mediated step from cells to lumen does not require chloride in the lumen but does require a highly permeant anion. PMID- 7325235 TI - Renal handling of gentamicin by the Munich-Wistar rat. AB - Free-flow micropuncture studies were performed in the Munich-Wistar rat to determine the nephron sites of gentamicin transport. The rats were infused with radiolabeled gentamicin and were volume-expanded with either isotonic sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate. The fractional delivery of ultrafilterable gentamicin (FD) out of the superficial proximal tubule averaged 75% in both groups of animals. FD to the superficial distal tubule averaged 58.1 +/- 2.1% in saline-infused and 91.6 +/- 5.3% in bicarbonate-infused animals. FD to Henle's loop was 118.2 +/- 8.8 and 124.3 +/- 8.1% in saline- and bicarbonate-infused animals, respectively. FD to the base and tip of the papilla was not significantly different between the two groups and averaged 97.3 +/- 2.9 and 96.1 +/- 3.0% in the saline-infused and 100.5 +/- 2.6 and 94.3 +/- 2.8% in the bicarbonate-infused animals. FD to the base of the papilla was significantly lower than that to the loop of Henle in both groups. These studies indicate that gentamicin undergoes net reabsorption in juxtamedullary proximal tubules. Expansion of the extracellular fluid volume with saline or bicarbonate results in differing rates of gentamicin delivery to the superficial distal tubule but not to the base of the papilla. These findings suggest a significant degree of nephron heterogeneity for gentamicin transport in the rat kidney. PMID- 7325236 TI - Acute metabolic acidosis augments collecting duct acidification rate in the rat. AB - It is generally assumed that at least part of distal acidification occurs along the collecting duct. Complete and direct evaluation of acidification along this nephron segment is unavailable, however. The purpose of these experiments was to quantify the net acidification rate along the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) and to measure the effect of acute HCl acidosis. In 13 control rats (arterial pH, 7.39 +/- 0.01; PCO2, 39 +/- 1 mmHg) and 11 HCl-infused rats (arterial pH 7.18 +/- 0.01; PCO2, 40 +/- 1 mmHg) we obtained four to eight IMCD samples by a modified microcatheterization technique that also permitted measurement of in situ and in vitro pH. Tubular fluid pH decreased along the IMCD in both groups and was more acidic by 0.2-0.4 pH units in the acid-infused rats. Bicarbonate reabsorption was noted in both groups as delivery along the IMCD decreased from 205 +/- 127 to 26 +/- 6 nmol/min in control rats and from 219 +/- 118 to 17 +/- 4 nmol/min in the acidotic group. Ammonia delivery to and addition along the IMCD was significantly greater in the acidotic rats--from 193 +/- 59 to 462 +/- 53 nmol/min in control and from 887 +/- 126 to 1,396 +/- 90 nmol/min in acidotic rats. No significant change in total or titrated phosphate was seen. Net acid addition along the IMCD was over twice as great in acidotic rats, 450 vs. 970 nmol/min. Our results indicate that significant net acid addition occurs along the IMCD and that during acidosis this acidification rate increases. PMID- 7325237 TI - A subcutaneous capsule for long-term studies. AB - In assessing interstitial fluid dynamics, perforated capsules have a limited existence because of the ingrowth of connective tissue. A permanently patent capsule (1 yr) can be obtained by implanting 1.9-cm lengths of Tygon tubing (OD 7.9 mm, ID 4.8 mm). After implant, the capsule is invested in connective tissue, and a thin strand of connective tissue invades both ends of the capsule. In 2-3 wk, the connective tissue joins in the capsule and there is no further ingrowth of connective tissue. This tissue bridge through the center of the capsule is richly vascularized, eventually containing small central arteries and veins. Protein content of capsule fluid was 50-60% of plasma, with albumin proportionately higher in the capsule. Intracapsule pressures averaged -2.08 mmHg. Communication between capsule contents and vascular volume appeared to be size-dependent in that the [35S]sulfate and [3H]inulin count could be measured in tail blood 5 min after intracapsule injection and it increased over 30 min. This did not occur with [14C]dextran (mol wt 70,000) and [14C]globulins (mol wt 150,000). This capsule appears to lend itself to long-term studies related to interstitial fluid dynamics and/or capillary exchange. PMID- 7325238 TI - Effect of fat feeding on intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in tissue and serum. AB - Serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity is increased by fat feeding, but the mechanism of this increase is not fully understood. Fasting rats were fed a single feed of either corn oil (12 kcal) or an isocaloric elemental feed (Vivonex 100 HN). Changes in enzyme activity in the small bowel mucosa and serum were followed for 20 h. Only the fat-fed rats had increased serum enzyme activity, being maximal at 7 h and three times the fasting level. This resulted from an increase in the amount of enzyme protein in the serum and not from an increase in its catalytic efficiency. The serum biological half-life of 125I-labeled intestinal alkaline phosphatase was the same in fasted (2.51 min) and fat-fed rats (2.55 min). Both types of feed caused a quantitatively similar increase in brush-border-bound alkaline phosphatase activity. However, levels of soluble intracellular alkaline phosphatase in intestinal mucosa were affected differently: the elemental diet caused a substantial rise, whereas no significant change was seen after fat feeding. The isoelectric pattern of phosphatase activity in serum after fat feeding was identical to that of soluble intracellular and not membranous alkaline phosphatase. Therefore, serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity rises in response to a single fat feed as a result of increased delivery of the enzyme to the blood and not as a result of an increase in its normally short biological half-life. This rise cannot be directly linked to an increase in the amount of brush-border-bound enzyme, and it appears that the serum enzyme is derived directly from a pool of soluble intracellular enzyme in the small bowel mucosa. PMID- 7325239 TI - Postprandial intestinal hyperemia: role of bile salts in the ileum. AB - In an autoperfused dog ileum preparation, artificial pressure, venous outflow pressure, blood flow, and arteriovenous oxygen difference were measured while bile and bile salt solutions, at physiological concentrations, were placed in the lumen. Intraluminal placement of endogenous bile, synthetic bile, or bile salt solutions increased ileal blood flow (99 +/- 10, 94 +/- 20, and 104 +/- 17%, respectively) and oxygen uptake (30 +/- 5, 36 +/- 9, and 28 +/- 5%, respectively). Endogenous bile pretreated with cholestyramine, a bile salt sequestering resin, did not alter ileal blood flow, yet increased ileal oxygen uptake by 11 +/- 3%, a response similar to that observed while Tyrode's solution (the vehicle) was in the lumen. Intra-arterial infusion of bile salts increased ileal blood flow in a dose-dependent manner, while not significantly altering ileal oxygen uptake. The results of the present study indicate that bile salts play an important role in the functional (postprandial) hyperemia in the ileum by 1) directly dilating the ileal vasculature and 2) enhancing ileal metabolism during their active absorption. PMID- 7325240 TI - Acute inhibition of intestinal lipid transport by Pluronic L-81 in the rat. AB - Lymph fistula rats were used to determine the acute effects of the hydrophobic surfactant, Pluronic L-81, on lipid transport by the small bowel. Animals were infused intraduodenally with a lipid emulsion containing [3H]triolein and Pluronic L-81, and the rate of intestinal transport of absorbed lipid into lymph was studied using liquid scintillation spectrometry. With this technique, various dose levels of Pluronic L-81 were analyzed for a possible inhibitory effect on lipid transport. Also, the rate at which this agent produced inhibition of intestinal lipid transport was determined. Results were correlated with electron microscopic studies of jejunal enterocytes and lipoprotein particles recovered in intestinal lymph. Infusion of Pluronic L-81 at a rate of 0.25 mg/h had no effect, but infusion at 0.5 and 1 mg/h produced a dramatic reduction in lipid transport by the small bowel. The rate of inhibition of lymphatic lipid output was rapid, with a t1/2 of 69 min for the 0.5 mg/h dose and 35 min for the 1 mg/h dose. This inhibition of lipid transport was associated with marked mucosal accumulation of lipid as demonstrated by radiochemical and morphological data. By electron microscopic analysis, only very low-density lipoprotein-sized particles were transported into lymph by enterocytes exposed to an effective dose of Pluronic L 81. It is concluded that small amounts of Pluronic L-81 produce a striking inhibition in the intracellular transport of chylomicron-sized particles, thereby blocking secretion of chylomicrons by the enterocytes. Furthermore, this action is very rapidly produced by effective doses of this agent. PMID- 7325241 TI - Effect of portacaval shunt on sulfur amino acid metabolism in rats. AB - Male rats were subjected to portacaval shunts (PCS). Postoperative growth curves were similar between PCS and sham-operated control animals, with complete recovery of preoperative body weight occurring within 7 days. PCS rats had 30% smaller livers and 39% larger spleens at autopsy. Total liver levels of reduced glutathione were decreased by 38% in PCS rats. Sulfur amino acid metabolism was studied 6 wk after PCS by injection of L-[methyl-14C]- or L-[1-14C]methionine with 14CO2 collection or by similarly administering L-[35S]methionine or L-[35S] cysteine and measuring 24-h urinary 35SO4, [35S]taurine, and total 35S. There were no significant differences in 14CO2 production over an 8-h period between PCS and sham rats. PCS rats excreted 31% more 35SO4 and 25% more total 35S when injected with 0.9 mmol of [35S]methionine and excreted 38% less [35S]taurine than controls when injected with [35S]-cysteine. These results indicate altered sulfur amino acid metabolism in PCS rats, an animal model of portal-systemic shunting. PMID- 7325242 TI - Gastric alkaline response to mucosa-damaging agents: effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. AB - We investigated the effects of luminal application of graded concentrations of conventional mucosal barrier breakers such as ethanol, aspirin (ASA), and sodium taurocholate (TCh), as well as 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) on gastric alkaline output (GAO) and transmucosal potential difference (PD). The Lucite chamber stomach-flap preparation was used in 50 dogs whose basal H+ secretion was inhibited by intravenous cimetidine. Graded concentrations of ethanol, and TCh at pH 5.0, and acidified solutions of ASA (at pH 5.0--2.0) were found to produce a dose-dependent increase in GAO accompanied by a stepwise decline in PD. Increasing concentrations of DMPGE2 above 1.0 microgram/ml caused a dose-related increase in GAO and a reduction in PD. The combination of DMPGE2 with ethanol aggravated the PD changes, whereas GAO induced by these agents was decreased. Alterations in GAO and PD evoked by the ASA solutions varying in pH were not significantly affected by the addition of 1.0 microgram/ml DMPGE2 to the bathing fluid. These results indicate that stimulation of gastric alkalinization with concomitant fall in PD is a common feature for various mucosa-irritant substances, and pretreatment with DMPGE2 does not prevent these effects. PMID- 7325243 TI - A new animal model for studies of in vivo folate kinetics. AB - Characterization of transport kinetics involved in tissue folate supply has been limited by the inability to accurately measure the uptake and metabolism of folate by rapidly proliferating tissues. The present report describes a new animal model that uses subcutaneous fibrosarcoma implants as a target tissue for studies of folate supply. The fibrosarcoma grows rapidly as a well-encapsulated, nonmetastasizing nodule(s) and does not disrupt the animal's normal growth and nutrition. Moreover, the tumor nodules avidly take up labeled folate and can be removed easily by local excision for measurements of uptake and intracellular metabolism of folate. PMID- 7325244 TI - A villous cell-derived inhibitor of intestinal cell proliferation. AB - To test the hypothesis that the intestinal villous cell synthesizes a mitotic inhibitor that is specific for crypt cells, we have partially purified an extract from rat intestinal villous cells (VCE) and have demonstrated that it strongly and reversibly inhibits cell division and DNA synthesis in an intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells). VCE produced a 60--70% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and a similar magnitude of inhibition of labeling of nuclei in autoradiographic studies. This inhibition was not associated with cytotoxicity as assessed by the effect of VCE on 51Cr release, hexose or amino acid uptake, and protein synthesis. VCE appears specific for IEC 6 cells because it did not affect DNA synthesis in 10 other cell lines, and extracts derived from other cell lines and from colonic mucosa did not affect DNA synthesis in IEC-6 cells. VCE may represent a villous cell factor involved in the control of intestinal epithelial cell turnover in vivo. PMID- 7325245 TI - Reflex control of canine hindlimb resistance under different modes of perfusion. AB - The carotid sinus control of hindlimb hemodynamics was determined in halothane anesthetized vagotomized dogs. The carotid sinuses were bilaterally isolated and perfused under controlled conditions. The hindlimb was perfused under conditions of 1) physiological inflow, 2) constant pressure, and 3) constant flow. The variation of hindlimb resistance with mean carotid sinus perfusion pressure was largest under conditions of constant-pressure perfusion and smallest with physiological inflow. Values for constant-flow perfusion were intermediate. The effects of different values of constant-flow perfusion on the carotid sinus control of hindlimb hemodynamics was also determined. Values of hindlimb resistance increased with decreasing flow rate as did the variation with carotid sinus perfusion pressure. No evidence of a contribution of local control mechanisms related to changes in perfusion pressure or bed inflow could be demonstrated. The differences in the variation of hindlimb resistance with carotid sinus pressure under the various perfusion conditions can be explained on the basis of the mechanics of vascular smooth muscle. The amount of lumen constriction associated with changes in degree of activation depends on the conditions under which shortening occurs as well as upon the initial muscle length. It appears that local factors do not contribute to the control of hindlimb hemodynamics under the conditions in which these studies were performed. PMID- 7325246 TI - The design of the normal aortic valve. AB - The design parameters of the natural aortic valve in vivo were not known, which may explain why various bioprosthetic valves have been designed differently. The design of the aortic valve was studied in vivo by placing radiopaque markers in the valve. The marker movement revealed that, during a cardiac cycle, the design parameters of the valve were changing continuously with changing aortic pressure and ventricular geometry. During diastole decreasing radius of the commissures (Rc) and increasing radius of the bases (Rb) caused the leaflets to tilt toward the ventricle, thereby decreasing the bottom surface angle (alpha) and increasing the free-edge angle (phi) of the leaflet. During systole Rc increased, Rb decreased, and interleaflet distance decreased, causing a change in the geometry of the open valve from conical to cylindrical. In middiastole the design parameters were Rb/Rc = 1.2, H/Rc = 1.4, phi = 34 degrees, and alpha = 20 degrees, where H is sinus height. How a significant deviation from the design could compromise the efficiency and longevity of the valve is discussed. PMID- 7325247 TI - Rapid resetting of the carotid baroreceptor reflex in the cat. AB - The carotid baroreceptor depressor reflex of the chloralose-anesthetized cat was examined to determine the role of the prevailing carotid pressure in determining the threshold, gain, and range of operation of the reflex response. After the pressure of an isolated perfused carotid sinus was held at 80 mmHg for 20 min the threshold pressure necessary to elicit the reflex systemic blood pressure response was 78 +/- 2.9 (SE) mmHg (n = 5). When carotid pressure was maintained for 20 min at 120 and 160 mmHg the threshold rose to 113 +/- 2.9 and 126 +/- 3.0 mmHg, respectively. The resetting of the threshold to a stable value upon elevating or reducing carotid sinus pressure was accomplished within 15--20 min. The entire range of operation of the reflex response was shifted to higher carotid pressures as the holding pressure was elevated. The midrange gain of the response was unchanged at the three holding pressures tested. These findings indicate that the carotid baroreceptor reflex need not operate over a fixed range but that the range may be rapidly adjustable to the prevailing pressure. When arterial pressure is sustained at a level that is elevated or depressed from normal the carotid baroreceptor reflex acutely resets to operate in the range of the prevailing pressure with a threshold that has moved toward the prevailing pressure. PMID- 7325248 TI - Effect of oxygen on blood flow autoregulation in cat sartorius muscle. AB - To assess the role of O2 in blood flow autoregulation, arteriolar diameter and erythrocyte velocity were measured in individual microvessels of the cat sartorius muscle while ambient O2 tension (PO2) and perfusion pressure were altered. The muscle surface was covered with a layer of silicone fluid equilibrated with a gas mixture containing 0--20% O2. Under control conditions (0% O2) all except the largest arterioles dilated with pressure reduction, and all showed significant blood flow autoregulation. Elevated PO2 diminished flow regulation and dilation in large and small arterioles when arterial pressure was reduced. This effect was generally more pronounced in the small arterioles where elevated PO2 caused complete cessation of blood flow. Complete blood flow stoppage was not routinely seen in larger vessels and may reflect the fact that these vessels also supply deeper tissue regions less affected by the change in ambient PO2. Our results indicate that the PO2 level of the tissue may be an important determinant in blood flow autoregulation. PMID- 7325249 TI - A method for continuously assessing coronary blood flow velocity in the rat. AB - We have developed a directional pulsed-Doppler system to make blood flow velocity measurements in the coronary arteries of the rat. The probe consists of a 1-mm2 crystal mounted in a 6-mm suction cup, which can be attached by vacuum to the vessel without requiring dissection. Recordings of phasic coronary blood flow velocity (CBV) in the rat indicate that 82 +/- 2% (mean +/- SE) of the area under the CBV recording occurs in diastole. CBV increased during an infusion of dipyridamole and changed in parallel with alterations in left-ventricular pressure. To validate the technique we correlated changes in CBV wih changes in microsphere-measured left-ventricular perfusion (range, 20--780 ml/min x 100 g). These two methods of estimating coronary flow correlated closely (r = 0.93). Measurements of phasic CBV in the rat with this Doppler system should permit a detailed characterization of the coronary circulation in many models of disease that have been developed in the rat. PMID- 7325250 TI - Anesthesia and microvascular dynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Studies on pressure dynamics in rats under local anesthesia were carried out to provide background information for subsequent intravital analysis of microvascular behavior in a skeletal muscle. An alpha-chloralose-urethan mixture (1:13.3%) was selected as the general anesthesia having the least effect on systemic pressures in spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) as well as normotensive (WKY), Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Anesthetic agents, in general, lower systemic blood pressure in SHR by 30--50 mmHg and thereby distort microcirculatory flow and blood vessel-diameter relationships. Insertion of a plastic catheter into the trachea of the anesthetized rat, to maintain an open airway, had a complex effect on heart rate and systemic blood pressure and left the pressure in an unstable state. Severity of the change depended on the age of the rat and the anesthetic agent; hypertensive animals were especially vulnerable. PMID- 7325251 TI - Diameter, wall tension, and flow in mesenteric arterioles during autoregulation. AB - The effect of arterial pressure on vessel diameter, blood velocity, and intravascular pressure was examined in cat mesenteric arterioles in the arterial pressure range of 120--40 mmHg. Circumferential wall tension and volume flow in individual vessels were calculated. Twenty-nine arterioles with an average diameter of 25.1 micrometers were studied. Twenty-six reactive vessels dilated by an average of 6.5 micrometers with arterial pressure reduction, whereas three nonreactive arterioles narrowed by an average of 5.9 micrometers. When pressure was reduced, circumferential wall tension in reactive arterioles tended to be maintained, whereas in nonreactive vessels tension decreased more than pressure. Data from 25 of 26 reactive arterioles were consistent with the hypothesis that regulation of wall tension accounts for the autoregulatory response; however, in 18 of these vessels a flow-dependent mechanism could also account for the response. Thus the hypothesis that wall tension is a controlled variable responsible for autoregulation is supported, but an important role for flow regulation in local control is also supported. PMID- 7325252 TI - Maintained ability of carotid baroreflex to regulate arterial pressure during exercise. AB - In conscious dogs bilateral carotid occlusion increased arterial pressure by similar amounts at rest (+ 27 mmHg) and during graded exercise (+ 29 mmHg). During exercise stimulus-response curves for arterial pressure and heart rate derived from isolated carotid sinuses were displaced upward proportionately to the work load, but the curve characteristics were unchanged. After acute bilateral vagotomy similar responses to carotid occlusion were obtained at rest (+ 85 mmHg) and at 21% grade (+ 84 mmHg); the range and maximal slope of the arterial pressure stimulus-response curve during exercise was similar to that at rest, but the exercise curve was displaced downward and to the left. It was concluded that the carotid baroreflex was able to modulate arterial pressure as well during running as at rest. Dogs with neither carotid, aortic, or cardiopulmonary receptors able to respond to the exercise stress became and remained hypotensive during mild exercise; during severe exercise hypotension was present initially, but after 90 s arterial pressure recovered toward the preexercise level. The data indicated that arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors have a major role in the support of arterial pressure in the first moments of exercise. PMID- 7325253 TI - Changes in vagal phasic chronotropic responses with sympathetic stimulation in the dog. AB - Sympathetic stimulation both shortens the cardiac cycle and potentiates the cardiac response to vagal stimulation. In the present study the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the chronotropic responses of the heart to brief bursts of vagal stimulation were determined in open-chest anesthetized dogs. The sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells demonstrate a paradoxical response to repetitive bursts of vagal stimuli over a certain portion of the cardiac cycle. That is, the cardiac cycle length does not increase but actually decreases as the vagal stimulation frequency is raised. Background levels of sympathetic stimulation do not significantly alter the range over which this "paradoxical" response occurs. Sympathetic stimulation decreases the cardiac chronotropic response to short bursts of vagal stimuli regardless of the time in the cardiac cycle that the stimulus is given; however, it does not decrease the time from the minimum vagal chronotropic response to the subsequent atrial depolarization although the total cardiac cycle is shortened. Since sympathetic stimulation shifts the overall temporal relationship between vagal stimulation and pacemaker response, small changes in sympathetic tone may greatly alter the cardiac response to phasic vagal stimulation if the vagal stimulus is given at certain times in the cardiac cycle. PMID- 7325254 TI - Reflex sympathetic augmentation of left-ventricular inotropic state in the conscious dog. AB - Cardiac reflex responses to a series of partial inferior vena caval occlusions were studied in conscious previously instrumented dogs. Heart rate responses during the fall of systemic arterial pressure were mediated both by increased sympathetic tone and withdrawal of parasympathetic tone. Responses of the left ventricular inotropic state, estimated from changes in left ventricular pressure rise (LV dP/dt), were studied early after release of a series of partial vena caval occlusions, and a positive linear relation between the prior fall in the systemic arterial pressure and the increase in LV dP/dt was demonstrated. Serial studies showed this effect of persist for at least 12 s beyond the reflex slowing of heart rate early after release of vena caval occlusion. The positive inotropic response was markedly attenuated by beta-adrenergic blockade and also occurred at a constant heart rate. It was present after adrenalectomy. These studies suggest that the integrated baroreceptor responses that are activated by a simultaneous decrease in the venous return and systemic arterial pressure play an important role in the regulation of left-ventricular inotropic state in the conscious dog. PMID- 7325255 TI - Sequential hemodynamic and oxygen transport responses in hypovolemia, anemia, and hypoxia. AB - Sequential cardiorespiratory measurements were made in 30 mongrel dogs during controlled hypovolemia, normovolemic anemia, and hypoxia. The responses to each of these three types of O2 deprivation were studied both as a function of time and of the rate of O2 delivery (normalized cardiac output x arterial O2 content). With progressively decreasing O2 delivery, compensations appeared, reached a maximum, and fell before the final circulatory deterioration. O2 extraction increased in each experiment, but there was differences in the hemodynamic responses to the three types of O2 deprivation; e.g., cardiac output increased in the anemic dogs, and there were greater increases in systemic and pulmonary resistances after hemorrhage. The striking finding was that O2 consumption (VO2) remained relatively constant until the preterminal stage. At this time O2 delivery had fallen from about 27 to less than 10 ml . min-1 . kg-1, blood volume was less than 50%, hematocrit was less than 8%, and arterial O2 tension was less than 30 Torr at an average fractional inspired O2 concentration of 8%, for the hypovolemic, anemic, and hypoxic groups, respectively. Then VO2 dropped precipitously and death rapidly occurred. These results suggest that VO2 represents a physiological marker of impending death in the face of progressively diminishing O2 delivery. PMID- 7325256 TI - Regulation of adrenal blood flow: response to hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - Adrenal blood flow was measured during hemorrhagic hypotension in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs using the radioactive-microsphere technique. A decrease in adrenal vascular resistance occurred during hemorrhage that was sufficient to maintain adrenal blood flow at prehemorrhage levels even with a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) to as low as 50 mmHG. Blockade of alpha- and beta adrenergic receptors, H1- and H2-histamine receptors, and prostaglandin synthesis all decreased resting adrenal blood flow. However, blood flow did not decrease further with hemorrhage subsequent to these interventions. Neither cholinergic blockade (muscarinic) alone nor ganglionic blockade subsequent to cholinergic blockade changed adrenal blood flow. However, ganglionic blockade alone increased adrenal blood flow. Hemorrhage subsequent to hypophysectomy also did not change blood flow to the adrenal. These data suggest that the maintenance of adrenal blood flow during hemorrhagic hypotension to 50 mmHg MABP is independent of the autonomic nervous system, prostaglandin synthesis, histamine receptors, or an intact pituitary-adrenal axis, even though all of these systems do influence adrenal blood flow. PMID- 7325257 TI - Autonomic control of ventricular refractoriness. AB - The effects of vagal and sympathetic stimulation on canine ventricular refractoriness were studied in vivo. Sympathetic stimulation reduced the left ventricular refractory period to an extent linearly related to the logarithm of nerve stimulation frequency. Vagal stimulation had no effect in the absence of sympathetic stimulation but produced a frequency-dependent attenuation of sympathetic effects when the two systems were stimulated simultaneously. The effects of combined vagal and sympathetic stimulation were best described by a multilinear regression model using the logarithm of vagal and sympathetic frequency as covariates. The magnitude of vagal attenuation of sympathetic effects did not show any regional variation at the five widely spaced sites (2 right ventricular, 3 left ventricular) studied. PMID- 7325258 TI - Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock: role of the innervated lung. AB - Infusions of hyperosmotic NaCl (2,400 mosmol/l; 4 ml/kg) were given to dogs in severe hemorrhagic hypotension by intravenous injection (72 expts) or intra aortic injection (25 expts). In 46 experiments intravenous infusions were given during bilateral blockage of the cervical vagal trunks (local anesthesia or cooling). Intravenous infusions (without vagal blockade) restore arterial pressure, cardiac output, and acid-base equilibrium to normal and cause mesenteric flow to overshoot prehemorrhage levels by 50%. These effects are stable, and indefinite survival was observed in every case. Intra-aortic infusions of hyperosmotic NaCl produce only a transient recovery of arterial pressure and cardiac output but no long-term survival. Intravenous infusions with vagal blockage produce only a transient recovery of cardiac output, with non long term survival. Measurement of pulmonary artery blood osmolarity during and after the infusions shows that a different pattern is observed in each of these three groups and strongly indicates that the first passage of hyperosmotic blood through the pulmonary circulation at a time when vagal conduction is unimpaired is essential for the production of the full hemodynamic-metabolic response, which is needed for indefinite survival. PMID- 7325259 TI - A technique for freeze fracturing minute amounts of isolated cardiac membrane. AB - Electron microscopy (EM) of freeze-fractured membranes provides more information about internal membrane structure than EM of thin-sectioned or negatively stained material. However, it has heretofore been impractical to use freeze fracture routinely for analysis of highly purified membrane fractions obtainable in small (micrograms) amounts, because the technique, when conventionally applied to minute pellets, yields only one fracture of unpredictable quality; it also precludes in parallel biochemical studies by using up the entire preparation. To solve this problem, we have developed a method for freeze fracturing tiny droplets of suspended membranes containing 1-10 micrograms membrane protein, thereby allowing both multiple fractures and biochemical studies. Before fracture, the final membrane fractions can be concentrated, subjected to experimental manipulations, cross-linked, and glycerinated in a dialysis bag. The technique is illustrated on isolated gap junctions from rabbit hearts, which were chosen because their unique internal membrane structure allows unequivocal identification of membrane type based on structural criteria. PMID- 7325260 TI - The ever-expanding information colossus: benefactor or enslaver? PMID- 7325261 TI - Psychotherapy and suicide. PMID- 7325262 TI - Demystifying "sex therapy". AB - A mystique has grown around sex therapy in the belief that "sex therapists" possess some specialized skills unavailable to the otherwise competent psychiatrists or trained psychotherapists. The use of movies, gadgetry, and neologisms such as "sexological examination" aid greatly in creating this impression. Careful evaluation of a sexual function disorder requires evaluation of four areas: physical, intrapsychic, interpersonal, and learning. There is nothing in the "sexual therapist's" armamentarium that makes him more of an expert in any of these four except the last. However, the gadgetry and gimmickry attached to sex therapy is used to accomplish the basic principle of desensitization. There is no systematic evidence yet available that demonstrates that any particular set of films, exercises, drills, etc. are more or less successful in accomplishing this task. Specific skill training is the only area that might require additional postgraduate education for the trained psychotherapist who wants to treat diagnosed sexual function disorders. PMID- 7325263 TI - What is intensive psychotherapy? AB - The fundamental practical premises underlying the practice of intensive psychotherapy are investigated in this article. Based on ego-psychology orientation, mental illness is classified in terms of premature ego development, ego distortions, ego deviations, ego regression, and ego defects. General healing factors are reviewed, first as presented, for example, in Frank's "demoralization hypothesis." The forms of psychotherapy may be classified in terms of how they approach the problem of demoralization and failure of ego adaptation, into counseling, supportive, reeducative, and psychoanalytic. Intensive psychotherapy is conceived of as a derivative discipline of psychoanalysis. It is different in that the goals are more limited, and active interventions ("parameters" or "departures") are often unavoidably called for, making it less "neat and orderly," more taxing on the therapist, and more of an art. It is similar in that an emphasis on the patients' spontaneous associations and an attempt to retain analytic neutrality as much as possible leads to the formation of transferences and resistances which may be dealt with by interpretation. However, full-blown transference neuroses usually do not form as in classical psychoanalysis, limiting the depth and extensiveness of the procedure. Intensive psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for selected cases of schizophrenia, severe personality disorders, and psychosomatic conditions. PMID- 7325264 TI - The lesbian as a "single" woman. AB - This paper has attempted to provide information about the unique conflicts which social definitions of the "single" woman create for the lesbian woman. It has explored the stereotypes associated with being a single woman which the closeted lesbian inevitably encounters. The risks and benefits of rejecting the label "single woman" and publicly proclaiming one's lesbianism have also been discussed. The process of coming out is presented as a means of working through some of the conflicts created by social discrimination against lesbians. It is important for psychiatrists to understand the unique stresses of being a lesbian in contemporary society in order to provide more effective mental health care. PMID- 7325265 TI - Bereavement counseling for gay individuals. AB - This article is intended to sensitize therapists to the particular concerns of the gay bereaved. Clinicians need to be aware of and accept homosexual and lesbian lifestyles as well as knowledgeable about grieving procedures before engaging in a therapeutic relationship with gay bereaved individuals. If the therapist has minimal information about either of these areas, the patient should be referred to another clinician who is more informed. The therapist and patient together should explore the possible mechanisms for a bereaved lesbian or gay man to cope with within his or her social environment. While it is now less of a problem than in the recent past, there is still little awareness of the specific problems homosexuals encounter and society has few structures to deal with them. Homosexual and lesbian couples who mourn their mates need to be seen and see themselves as worthy of support. PMID- 7325266 TI - Psychotherapy in community mental health: a critical examination. AB - In this article I have argued that contemporary CMH practitioners have not clearly differentiated their own program goals from alternative objectives achievable through psychotherapeutic programming. The current bias toward defining treatment "success" in terms of stabilization, role performance, and maintenance in the community, obscures the fact that "mental health" is, after all, a quality of internal, emotional process as well as of behavior. I have argued that high-quality, comprehensive mental health care must therefore make optimal use of both community- and clinic-based treatment modalities, and that penetration into the system should be maintained at appropriate levels, regardless of depth or duration, as determined by a differentiated diagnostic assessment of the individual patient. Such an approach would leave the clinician freer to respond to the presenting needs of his patients than does an approach which considers it a virtue to reduce services to a minimum. PMID- 7325267 TI - Difficulties in follow-up of rape victims. AB - It has been generally recognized that it is important to do follow-up counseling with rape victims, not only for good clinical care but also to establish a research data base on the long-term effects of rape. In our study we had difficulty achieving ongoing follow-up on many of the victims. Although our sample was small, it seems representative of certain populations of rape victims previously described in the literature and in crime statistics. Several factors inherent in the trauma of rape make follow-up difficult--the victim's defenses of denial and suppression, the characteristics of some women who are more vulnerable to rape, the response of some victims to change their phone numbers and addresses following a rape, and anger at the assailant being projected on to the "assault" of the follow-up. In working with rape victims it is important to be aware of these inherent difficulties in follow-up and try to devise methods of dealing with them. PMID- 7325268 TI - Survey of threats and assaults directed toward psychotherapists. AB - Of the psychotherapists sampled, 14.22 percent indicated that they had been assaulted and 35.55 percent indicated that they had been threatened by patients. Female therapists were assaulted proportionately less than males. Prediction of such incidents is extremely poor. Of patients who have attacked or threatened therapists, 75 percent have a history of violent behavior; 35 percent of those who have threatened therapists have a history of suicide threats or attempts. The majority of therapists (93%) allow expression of anger by their patients, while only 50 percent of therapists allow themselves to express anger. Inexperienced therapists were assaulted more often than those with experience of more than 11 years. After assaults, 23 percent of therapists transferred their patients to another therapist. External objects were seldom used in assaults. Therapists felt that their best defense was to handle the situation intuitively. PMID- 7325269 TI - Self-mutilation: clinical examples and reflections. PMID- 7325270 TI - Issues in the treatment of religious patients. PMID- 7325271 TI - Countertransference in religious therapists of religious patients. PMID- 7325272 TI - Emotions and rheumatologic disorders. PMID- 7325273 TI - Adamantinoma of the long bones. The experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. AB - All cases of adamantinoma seen at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli were retrospectively reviewed. Although this tumor is exceedingly rare, nine cases were collected. The tumor is composed of four histological patterns: spindle, basaloid, squamoid, and tubular. The prognosis of this tumor depends on the adequacy of therapy. Surgery that is expedient and adequate tends to offer the best prognosis. PMID- 7325274 TI - Unusual clear cell tumor of the kidney in infancy. AB - A large renal tumor in a 7-month-old infant was composed entirely of lobules of clear cells with inactive nuclei. Electron microscopy demonstrated features indicative of origin from renal tubules. The infant remains well 15 months after resection. PMID- 7325275 TI - Intravascular and sclerosing bronchioloalveolar tumor. A pulmonary sarcoma of probable vascular origin. AB - A case of intravascular and sclerosing bronchioloalveolar tumor (IVSBAT) studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy is reported. Light microscopy revealed typical nodules composed of plump tumor cells in the peripheral regions and central areas of hyalinization. Histochemical examination revealed that the matrix material contained hyaluronic acid. Around the periphery of the nodules, tumor cells and matrix material were observed within the alveolar walls. Tumor was also present in numerous small bood vessels and lymphatics. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumor cells were polygonal or elongated and were connected by small junctions. The cytoplasm was filled with fine filaments, and dense bodies typical of those seen in smooth muscle cells were occasionally observed. Pinocytotic vesicles and basement membranes were also present. Some cells formed vessel-like lumina. Rows of tumor cells were identified within alveolar walls where they at first proliferated without disturbing the overall architecture; increasing numbers of tumor cells and matrix material gradually widened the alveolar walls, and the tumor finally expanded into the alveolar spaces. The ultrastructural features of the tumor cells are consistent with an origin form pericytes or endothelial cells; we suggest that IVSBAT is actually a sarcoma of vasoformative cells which arises within the alveolar walls, perhaps in multicentric fashion. We propose that the tumor be renamed "sclerosing interstitial vascular sarcoma". PMID- 7325276 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, occurring in a 44-year-old male, is reported. With a preoperative diagnosis of cystadenocarcinoma, the patient underwent surgical resection of a cystic tumor in the head of the pancreas. There were no metastases noted at the time. The resected specimen was diagnosed histologically as a smooth muscle tumor originating from the pancreas. It was seemingly benign on the basis of the mitotic counts and the degree of cellular atypism. However, the tumor proved to be malignant; the patient died with metastases to the liver. The tumor at autopsy also had few mitoses (0-1/10 hpf). The previously reported cases were reviewed and the limitations of histological diagnosis in assessing malignant potential of smooth muscle tumors are discussed. PMID- 7325277 TI - Extranodal gastrointestinal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Clinically presenting as a malignant tumor. PMID- 7325278 TI - Immunization of mice with Trypanosoma rhodesiense exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Exposure time of Trypanosoma rhodesiense as short as 1 minute to ultraviolet (U.V.) light prevents the organisms from causing infection. Live trypanosome challenge of mice immunized with U.V.-irradiated trypanosomes results in sterile immunity. This allows a method for the induction of protective immunity to experimental trypanosomiasis which can be performed in most laboratories using U.V. germicidal lamps found in sterile hoods. PMID- 7325279 TI - Filarial granuloma of the female breast: a histopathological study of 131 cases. AB - One hundred and thirty-one filarial granulomas of the female breast are described. The histopathological features, including a number of cross-sections of worms, ratio of female to male worms, and the frequency of degenerating worms were studied. Filarial granuloma of the female breast is common in eastern China, and adult worms and microfilariae should be sought in all unexplained granulomas of the breast. PMID- 7325280 TI - Treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni with oxamniquine--five years' experience. AB - During a 5-year period (1975-1980), 171 male patients aged eight to 58 years infected with Schistosoma mansoni have been treated with oxamniquine on an in hospital basis. The patients comprised three clinical groups--uncomplicated S. mansoni infection, colonic polyposis due to S. mansoni, and hepatic decompensation due to S. mansoni--all with active infection. After treatment all patients were observed for 12 weeks then evaluated for cure. In the uncomplicated group 40 of 73 children (55%) and 39 of 45 adults (87%) were cured. In the polyps group 24 of 29 patients (83%) were cured and in the decompensated group all 24 patients were cured. The only side effect was a febrile reaction occurring in 65 patients (38%) 3-4 days after treatment was started. This 5 years' experience showed that oxamniquine results in a low cure rate in children but is effective in adults with uncomplicated S. mansoni. In patients with colonic polyposis oxamniquine is safe and well tolerated as initial therapy, particularly in the very ill, debilitated patient. Oxamniquine is clearly the drug of choice in patients with decompensated liver disease and active S. mansoni infection. PMID- 7325281 TI - Evolution of schistosomal hepatic vascular lesions after specific chemotherapy. AB - Mice infected with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni showed extensive destruction, obstruction, and distortion of the intrahepatic portal vein system 10 weeks after exposure. One month after curative treatment for schistosomiasis, these lesions had considerably regressed. The vascular pattern was almost normal by 2 months and completely normal by 6 months following treatment. The techniques used to study vascular changes included plastic casting, injection of colored gelatin, and conventional histopathologic methods. Main transformations observed after treatment were shrinkage of periovular granulomas and formation of new vascular channels around them, which restored the continuity of the portal vein system. Shrunken granulomas remained avascular. PMID- 7325282 TI - Correlation of circulating immune complexes and complement breakdown products with the severity of the disease in human schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Circulating immune complexes and complements compounds were measured in serum and plasma from 66 patients with three different clinical forms of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni: intestinal, hepato-intestinal and hepatosplenic. Three different methods were used: the 125I-C1q-binding assay, conglutinin-binding assay (KgB) and Raji cell-binding assay. Approximately 25% of the patients were positive for circulating immune complexes as measured by the C1q and Raji assays. The levels of complexes increased significantly with the severity of the disease. 60% of the patients were positive for immune complexes as measured by the KgB assay but the incidence of positive results was not clearly influenced by the stage of the disease. There was no significant correlation between immunoglobulin levels and immune complexes. The complement profile of these patients does not suggest a dramatic activation of the complement system. However, there was a progressive decrease in the plasma levels of C4 and an increase of C3d levels which correlated significantly with the severity of the disease. PMID- 7325283 TI - Vaccine development for schistosomiasis: report of a workshop. PMID- 7325284 TI - Echinococcus infections in Colombian animals. AB - The results of a survey involving more than 4,000 Colombian mammals, carried out to detect Echinococcus infections, are presented. Adult worms were found in 5 of 121 carnivores: E. oligarthrus in 1 of 11 ocelots, 2 of 9 jaguarundi cats and single puma; and E. vogeli in 1 of 15 domestic dogs. Although bush dogs were present, none could be examined. Polycystic larvae were found in 96 of 325 pacas (29.5%) and in 6 of 1,168 (0.5%) spiny rats, Proechimys spp. None of the 118 agouti showed hydatids but an infected heart was provided by hunters. The paca's infection rate increased with age but was not related to sex or geographic region. In 73 of 96 pacas the infection was due to E. vogeli, and the cysts were located in the liver. In 3 it was due to E. oligarthrus and the hydatids were extrahepatic, mainly attached to muscles. In the remaining 20, the species involved could not be determined. The parasites in two of the spiny rats, and in the agouti heart were E. oligarthrus. Although most of the infected animals were collected in the eastern plains, other records and verbal information indicate that, at least in Colombia where man has not exterminated pacas, agoutis, wild canids and felids, one still can find enzootic neotropical Echinococcus infection. The cycle of E. vogeli involves the bush dog and paca as hosts, and that of E. oligarthrus, the paca, agouti, spiny rat, and several species of wild felids. PMID- 7325285 TI - A Vibrio cholerae infection in a transient teamster. AB - An illness indistinguishable clinically from classical cholera but caused by a non-cholera vibrio occurred in an over-the-road truck driver. The infecting organism was not finally identified as Vibrio cholera, Smith serotype 113 toxin positive, until 4 weeks after his hospital discharge. Hospital laboratories in most parts of the United States are unlikely to identify Vibrio cholerae in stool cultures unless specifically requested to do so. If one recognizes the chronic cholera carriers have been documented, that small epidemics do occur in unlikely places, and the lack of evidence that toxigenic V. cholerae 01 differs from toxigenic V. cholerae non-01 in these two respects, then the potential for epidemics in the United States is real. PMID- 7325287 TI - Transmission of Ross River virus by Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes aegypti. AB - Laboratory studies were carried out with two geographic strains of Aedes polynesiensis and one strain of Aedes aegypti to determine whether they could transmit Ross River virus (RRV). Both species were shown to be good vectors of RRV, but Ae. polynesiensis was the most susceptible. Ae. polynesiensis represents a new vector for this virus and the epidemiologic implications of RRV spread by both mosquito species are discussed. PMID- 7325286 TI - Epidemic polyarthritis (Ross River) virus infection in the Cook Islands. AB - An epidemic of Ross River virus infection occurred in the Cook Islands early in 1980 and affected the majority of the inhabitants of Rarotonga, the most populated island in the group. This represents the easternmost extension of the virus which, until 1979, was believed limited to Australia, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The clinical manifestations of Ross River disease, predominantly polyarthritis, did not differ significantly from those observed previously in Australia. However, unlike the experience in Australia, where Ross River virus has never been isolated from a patient with polyarthritis, the agent was recovered from the serum of one-half of approximately 100 such patients with serologically proven infections. It is not known if this latter observation is the result of a change in the virus, the different virus isolation technique employed, or other factors. It was found that the incubation period of the disease could be as short as 3 days--much less than previously suspected. Ross River virus was isolated from six pools of Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes collected in nature and it appeared that this species was the most probable vector on Rarotonga. In view of the widespread distribution of Ae. polynesiensis on islands, in the eastern Pacific it would not be surprising if Ross River virus occurs in other previously unaffected areas in the future. PMID- 7325288 TI - Antigenic relationships among Simbu serogroup (Bunyaviridae) viruses. AB - Antigenic relationships among 24 bunyaviruses of the Simbu serogroup were determined by complement-fixation (CF), serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization (N) and, where possible, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. By CF, three distinct complexes of closely related viruses were identified within the serogroup. Nola and Thimiri viruses, which showed little relationship with other members of the serogroup, may represent two additional complexes. N tests in Vero cells showed that individual viruses generally were distinguishable with little difficulty. Aino and Kaikalur viruses were indistinguishable by CF or N. Seven viruses showed hemagglutination activity, and antigenic relationships among these viruses by HI paralleled those established by N tests. A classification scheme, based on both CF and N test results, for the viruses of the Simbu serogroup is proposed. PMID- 7325289 TI - Observations on container-breeding mosquitoes in New Orleans, Louisiana, with an estimate of the population density of Aedes aegypti (L.). AB - In a survey of containers infested with Aedes aegypti (L.) conducted during September and October 1979 in a substandard residential area of New Orleans, LA, infestation indices were as follows: House--35, Breteau (foci)--85, Receptacle- 69, Block--100, and Larval Density--169. A mean of 48.5 water-holding containers were found per block. More than 50% of these receptacles were narrow-mouthed containers, e.g., drink bottles, that held an average of less than 0.03 mosquito immatures each. After exclusion of data on the unproductive narrow-mouthed type, the average container held 7.8 liters of water, 105 1st and 2nd instars, 69 3rd an 4th instars, and 12 pupae. With assumed constant adult survival rates of 0.85 0.90 per day, the number of females per block on any particular day was estimated from pupal production data at 362-558, and the standing crop of females 12 days and older and therefore old enough to transmit dengue fever if they are vector competent was estimated at 51-158 per block. PMID- 7325290 TI - [New trends in the concept of border states and mechanisms of clinical action of tranquilizers]. PMID- 7325291 TI - Anxiety and other neurotic symptoms in patients suffering from dans la conception des etats limitrophes et des mecanismes d'action clinique des tranquillisants. PMID- 7325292 TI - Pharmacotherapy of acute anxiety in emergency cases. PMID- 7325293 TI - [Psychopathology of anxiety]. PMID- 7325294 TI - Drug treatment of anxiety. PMID- 7325295 TI - Anxiety and placebo reaction in neurotic patients. PMID- 7325296 TI - [Patterns of "pixelization", memory and oneiric phenomena]. PMID- 7325297 TI - [In vitro study of L-tyrosine as a possible substrate for energy metabolism of tissue sections (brain, liver) and its effect on isolated mitochondria of the rat brain]. PMID- 7325298 TI - Hematological status during sustained normoxic hypercapnia. PMID- 7325299 TI - [Preload test. Experimental study in the anesthetized dog]. PMID- 7325300 TI - Some metabolic effects of glucocorticoids. A study on isolated rabbit ileum and biochemical investigations with hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone. PMID- 7325301 TI - Central cardiovascular effects of flutonidine in adult fowls. PMID- 7325302 TI - Tympanoplasty and recurrent disease: sniff-induced high negative pressure in the middle ear space. AB - Eustachian tube function was studied in 18 patients who had developed recurrent middle ear disease after middle ear surgery on one ear. The types of recurrent disease included recurrent retraction of the tympanic membrane, recurrent cholesteatoma, columella penetration, postoperative perforation, and infection. Pressures in both of the middle ears, as well as in the nasopharynx, were recorded simultaneously. The ears of patients in this study were found to be able to equalize pressure as well as did normal ears examined previously. However, in 12 of the 18 ears that had been operated on, failure of eustachian tube closing with sniff-induced negative pressure in the middle ear was found. Additionally, in three patients, a similar condition was present in the contralateral ear. It is concluded that postoperative complications of the types described may be correlated with tubal closing failure and sniff-induced high negative pressure in the middle ear space. PMID- 7325304 TI - Alteration of aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity by hyper- and hypohydration. AB - The ototoxicities of tobramycin sulfate and gentamicin sulfate were investigated in guinea pigs under conditions of normal, increased, and decreased hydration. Increased hydration was associated with no decline in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics, a lesser decline in the eighth nerve action potentials and lesser damage to the organ of Corti. Decreased hydration was associated with an increase in the threshold of the cochlear microphonics and the eighth nerve action potentials, a decline in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics, a greater decline in the eighth nerve action potentials, and greater damage to the organ of Corti. Tobramycin sulfate was substantially less toxic than gentamicin sulfate with normal, increased and decreased hydration. These findings suggest the preferential use of tobramycin sulfate for patients with normal renal function, and especially patients with renal impairment. PMID- 7325303 TI - Hereditary deafness with hydrops and anomalous calcium phosphate deposits. AB - The temporal bones from a 58-year-old white woman who had had hereditary congenital deafness were examined with the techniques of microdissection and surface preparations followed by sectioning of the modiolus. There was bilateral, almost total sensorineural degeneration, which also involved the saccule. The degeneration of the distal processes of the cochlear neurons in the osseous spiral lamina was almost complete, whereas numerous ganglion cells and proximal processes remained in the modiolus and the internal auditory canal. Severe cochleo-saccular hydrops was present in the left ear with Reissner's membrane bulging into the horizontal canal. X-ray diffraction and electron probe analysis were used to study the abnormal crystalline deposits in both ears. On the left side the saccular otoconia were composed of calcite, but the utricular macula was covered by a crust of apatite spherulites. More apatite occurred around the maculae and in the scala media. The cupulae were composed of apatite and octacalcium phosphate. On the right side the utricular otoconia were of normal calcite, but there was a deposit of apatite on the macula sacculi. The upper part of the scala media was completely filled by a deposit of apatite and octacalcium phosphate. PMID- 7325305 TI - "Onion bulb" formation associated with a solitary neoplasm of the eighth nerve sheath. AB - Audiometric patterns associated with retrocochlear disorders include abnormal adaptation, delay of auditory evoked potential latencies, and characteristic abnormalities of speech intelligibility functions. The anatomic substrate of these psychoacoustic and electrophysiologic abnormalities is unknown. This paper describes the incidental observation of "onion bulbs" in a solitary neoplasm involving the eighth nerve sheath and in the cochlear nerve lateral to the neoplasm. Such hypertrophic neuropathy in the eighth nerve has not been described previously. This occurrence raises the question of sequential demyelination and remyelination in a neoplasm-bearing nerve as a possible histopathologic correlate to retrocochlear dysfunction. PMID- 7325306 TI - Middle and inner ear changes in congenital rubella. AB - Temporal bone changes in a 14-month-old female infant with congenital rubella are described. The inner ears showed cochleo-saccular degeneration, with more severe involvement of the right side. Perivascular round cell infiltration was demonstrated in the base of the cochlea, stria vascularis, and superior ampullary cribriform region, consistent with viral infection. Whether the latter was related to the rubella or the the patient's terminal viral infection is undetermined. Predominant involvement of the cochlea saccule may have been related o their blood supply from the vestibulo-cochlear artery, which is a more direct continuation of the labyrinthine artery than are the other branches. Middle ear changes consisted of a fetal type of stapes, a small area of malleus head fixation on one side, and absence of the medial component of the posterior incudal ligament, with a joint-like attachment between the short process of the incus and the medial wall of the fossa incudis. This may be an abnormality, or it might represent a variation of normal development. PMID- 7325307 TI - Temporary hearing loss from exposure to moderately intense tones in rhesus monkeys. AB - The amount and duration of temporary threshold shift produced by exposure to moderately loud sounds were quantitatively examined in rhesus monkeys using a simple, behavioral reaction-time procedure. Subjects were exposed to pure tones (100 dB SPL) either at the threshold test frequency or half an octave below (-1/2 OCT) the test frequency, usually for a duration of 3-minutes. Many features of the results were comparable to those observed in human subjects following exposure to similar sounds: (1) both the magnitude and the time course of recovery from the hearing loss were a function of the frequency and duration of the exposure stimulus with higher-frequency and longer-lasting stimuli producing greater threshold shifts and longer recovery time courses; (2) recovery time courses were monotonic and approximately exponential; (3) at low- and mid frequency regions of hearing, intense stimulation at the test frequency and at 1/2 OCT produced similar threshold shifts and durations of recovery, while for high-frequency hearing -1/2 OCT stimuli always yielded greater losses and longer recovery periods; (4) although the peak hearing loss was either at , or a half octave above, the exposure frequency, the overall threshold-shift pattern was always assymmetrically distributed toward higher frequencies; (5) alterations in functions relating response latency to stimulus intensity were demonstrable. These psychophysical experiments form a framework that will permit further investigations into the physiologic basis of temporary threshold shift in an animal model highly similar to man. PMID- 7325308 TI - Hair cell-tectorial membrane complex. PMID- 7325309 TI - Primary fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses. AB - There has been an increase in the number of primary and secondary fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses in recent years. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis are the most common fungal infections involving the paranasal sinuses. In the past, fungal infections usually occurred in patients with uncontrolled metabolic diseases or compromised defense mechanisms as an acute, rapidly progressing process, often leading to the patient's demise. Primary fungal infections may also be aggressive in otherwise healthy individuals. Physicians should be aware of these microorganisms in order to establish an early diagnosis by biopsy and to institute prompt surgical debridement and medical therapy. PMID- 7325310 TI - Stylohyoid syndromes: an uncommon cause of pharyngeal and neck pain. PMID- 7325311 TI - [Coagulation properties of the after birth tissues and amniotic fluid in the case of a dead fetus]. PMID- 7325312 TI - [Unconjugated 17 beta-estradiol content in the materno-placenta-fetus system in premature labor]. PMID- 7325313 TI - [Importance of cardiac monitoring control in the diagnosis of chronic fetal hypoxia using the atropine test during pregnancy]. PMID- 7325314 TI - [Importance of determining the position of the placenta in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 7325315 TI - [Possibility of the prenatal diagnosis of phenylketonuria]. PMID- 7325316 TI - [Etiological role of Chlamydia in certain types of obstetrical pathology]. PMID- 7325317 TI - [Hemostatic system changes at various periods of the gestation process]. PMID- 7325318 TI - [Changes in arterial pressure and pulse frequency during a shift in the body posture of pregnant women]. PMID- 7325319 TI - [Histamine content of the blood of pregnant women with late toxicosis undergoing hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7325320 TI - [Intracellular carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women with anemia and its correction]. PMID- 7325321 TI - [Treatment of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis in pregnant women]. PMID- 7325322 TI - [Use of partusisten for preventing uterine inertia in women with a prolonged preliminary period]. PMID- 7325323 TI - [Role of the amniotic fluid in maintaining fetal homeostasis]. PMID- 7325324 TI - [Erythrocyte enzyme activity in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 7325325 TI - [Comparative characteristics of echography and human chorionic gonadotropin values in the detection of pathology in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 7325326 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the methods of analyzing uterine activity]. PMID- 7325327 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in complicated surgical wounds]. PMID- 7325328 TI - [Dermatoglyphic characteristics of children with congenital deformities]. PMID- 7325329 TI - [Erythrocyte antigen studies in relative sterility due to immunological incompatibility]. PMID- 7325330 TI - [ABO antigen distribution in couples with immunological sterility]. PMID- 7325331 TI - [Blood coagulation studies in dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages]. PMID- 7325332 TI - [Thromboembolic complications following gynecologic operations 1971-1980 at the Varna Obstetrical and Gynecologic Hospital]. PMID- 7325333 TI - [Effect of Baikal peat on ovarian hormonal secretion in women with chronic inflammatory gynecologic diseases and sterility]. PMID- 7325334 TI - [Case of tumors of the uterine round ligaments]. PMID- 7325335 TI - [Rare clinicogenetic case of Noonan's syndrome]. PMID- 7325336 TI - [Abortion of a 5-month pregnancy caused by fistula cervicolaqueatica]. PMID- 7325337 TI - Native medicine in southeast Alaska. Tsimshian, Tlingit, Haida. PMID- 7325338 TI - Serogroup A meningococcal menigitis in Alaska. PMID- 7325339 TI - Routine and special procedures for processing biopsy specimens of lesions suspected to be malignant melanomas. PMID- 7325340 TI - The role of actinically provoked systemic elastolysis in polymyalgic vascular disease. A study based on serum fluorescence and haptoglobin. AB - This study of cutaneous elastic tissue and serum fluorescence supports the hypothesis that widespread destruction and resorption of elastic tissue (elastolysis) occurs in the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. A systemic elastolysis of this nature may be provoked by actinic (radiant) damage to the "exposed" elastic tissues in the skin and superficial arteries, the archetype of such injury being seen in temporal arteritis. Scattered giant cells are the usual agents of elastolysis but tuberculoid ("sarcoid") infiltrates often take over in the later stages. In acute polymyalgia, the phenomenon probably becomes diffuse and humoral. Elastolysis may be a direct pathogenetic link between polymyalgia and other vascular diseases such as idiopathic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7325341 TI - Subcutaneous and skeletal chordomoid nodules in an infant. AB - Multicentric subcutaneous and skeletal nodules with histologic features of chordoma developed over a period of 3 months in a black infant. Radiolucent intracranial lesions were demonstrated by pneumoencephalogram and computerized tomography scan. The patient received chemotherapy and the nodules regressed. After a follow-up of 7 years, there has been no recurrence of these chordomoid lesions and the child enjoys good health and normal growth and development. In retrospect, these nodules appear to be a benign, self-limited heterotopias and not malignancies. The cells with physaliphorous characteristics may represent unusual differentiation of fibroblasts rather than indicating notochordal origin. PMID- 7325342 TI - Legal aspects of dermatopathology. PMID- 7325343 TI - Viral-like particles in Bowenoid papulosis. PMID- 7325344 TI - [Plasma antidiuretic hormone level as an indicator of perioperative stress (Part I) (author's transl)]. AB - The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is mainly influenced by changes in osmolality and blood volume. In addition stress and surgical trauma may cause an elevation in plasma-ADH levels. In 20 patients scheduled for similar surgical procedures two different anaesthesia techniques were applied: in group 1 (n = 10) a combination of peridural anaesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia (PDA/NLA) was performed, in group 2 halothane anaesthesia with intubation was used. The perioperative control of plasma-ADH levels demonstrated a smaller increase in group 1 (PDA/NLA) compared to group 2 (Halothane), thus implicating a better attenuation of stress and pain. PMID- 7325345 TI - [Plasma-antidiuretic hormone level as indicator of postoperative stress (part II) (author's transl)]. AB - For a period of five days serum levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have been investigated postoperatively in a group of 20 patients with upper abdominal surgery. In addition serum electrolytes (Na+, K+) and plasma osmolality have been controlled regularly. Patients in group A (n = 10) received Fentanyl epidurally (0.1-0.2 mg diluted with 0.9% saline solution) for treatment of postoperative pain, whereas in group B (n = 10) systemic opiate therapy was performed by intramuscular application of piritramide (Dipidolor, 15-25 mg). There was a significant increase in ADH in all patients, whereas serum electrolytes (Na+, K+) and plasma osmolality stayed within normal range. ADH-levels in group A (epidural opiate), however, were significantly lower than mean values in group B (systemic opiate application). The postoperative increase in ADH is interpreted as a reaction to stress and trauma, being less pronounced, when epidural opiate therapy is performed for postoperative pain treatment. PMID- 7325346 TI - [The influence on the cardiovascular system of etomidate infusion anaesthesia combined with fentanyl/nitrous oxide (author's transl)]. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate after the application of etomidate, soluble in alcohol 70% (a ml approximately or equal to 125 mg) and supplemented by fentanyl under controlled respiration with N2O/O2 as an continuous infusion for anaesthesia has been investigated during surgery. After the administration of fentanyl/etomidate (Hypnomidate)/succinylcholine the patients were intubated. Then the infusion of etomidate began with 1.5-2 mg/min for ten minutes, whereafter the dose was reduced to 0.15-0.25 mg/min. The continuous infusion of etomidate was stopped about 20 minutes before the end of the operation. The influence on the cardiovascular system during the whole operation was very minimal. The anaesthesia could be handled without any problems. Therefore the application of etomidate as a continuous infusion in combination with fentanyl and nitrous oxide 66% seems to be an effective technique of intravenous anaesthesia. PMID- 7325347 TI - [Buprenorphine and nicomorphine in a double-blind trial for the control of postoperative pain (author's transl)]. AB - Analgesic effects as well as side effects, circulatory and respiratory parameters of 0.3 mg Buprenorphine (Temgesic) were compared to 10 mg Nicomorphine (Vilan) intramuscularly injected in a double-blind, randomized study for the relief of postoperative pain. Buprenorphine produced an equally potent but longer acting analgesic effect compared to Nicomorphine, although slight delayed. There were only few and slight side effects and no influence on the circulation and the respiration. In the search for a new long-acting and strong analgesic Buprenorphine proved to be superior to Nicomorphine in the control of postoperative pain. PMID- 7325348 TI - [Perioperative opiate analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - 22 patients undergoing gynaecological surgery were given general anaesthesia supplemented by epidural morphine during and after the operation. The fentanyl requirements during the operation were significantly lower than they were in a control group and postoperative administration of analgesics could be dispensed with. The method is particularly suitable for patients at risk because less anaesthetic agents are needed. Postoperative epidural opiate analgesia is also useful after epidural anaesthesia; doses of 3.0 mg of morphine produced no side effects except pruritus. PMID- 7325349 TI - [Complications and risks of brachial plexus anaesthesia with special reference to long-term damage (author's transl)]. AB - During 1974-1978 620 regional anaesthesias involving the brachial plexus were performed. Three techniques, viz: supraclavicular, axillary, interscalene were employed. The data are analysed with a view to comparing the efficacy and safety of the techniques with a special reference to long-term damage. Transient injury to the brachial plexus was observed in 3 of 342 patients who had Kulenkampff's supraclavicular plexus anaesthesia. After 3 months all after-effects had disappeared. Plexus block via the axillary route proved to be the safest technique. Detailed inquiries and follow-up examinations established that none of the techniques had caused irreversible damage to the brachial plexus. PMID- 7325350 TI - ["Withholding succour" and the "obligation to give medical assistance" with special reference to the time of death (author's transl)]. AB - "Withholding succour" is, according to German law, an offence. Although this law applies to all citizens there is evidence that it is being increasingly applied to medical activities which are thus liable to become a tort. The reasons for this view and the different interpretations of this law are discussed. Based on a case history the "obligation to give medical assistance" is reviewed. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the interval between cardiac arrest and brain death (a matter of minutes) may become relevant in the indictment of a doctor for a criminal offence even in cases of sudden unexpected death. PMID- 7325351 TI - [Does precurarization prevent the increase of serum potassium after administration of succinylcholine in risk patients? - a case report- (author's transl)]. AB - There are different opinions about the efficiency of preventing the succinylcholine-induced increase of serum potassium by precurarization. The following case report demonstrates that this method is not practicable in risk patients. A case of severe cerebral trauma is reported, in whom after precurarization with 2,0 mg diallyl-nortoxiferine and with 1.5 mg pancuronium, too, there was an increase of a normal serum potassium level up to 9.35 respectively 9.20 mEq/l about 1-2 minutes after injection of succinylcholine. 20 minutes after the injection serum potassium decreased to a normal level again. Only a short lasting bradycardia was noticed during the hyperkaliaemic period. Similar results reported in the anaesthesiologic literature are discussed. PMID- 7325352 TI - [The oxygen monitor "mono 2" - a new monitor for continuous measurement of oxygen concentration in anaesthetic gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325353 TI - [A new aid of nasal intubation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325354 TI - Anaesthesia under civil war conditions. An account of missions with British Red Cross surgical teams in Cambodia and Angola. AB - The work of British Red Cross surgical teams during the Cambodian civil war in 1975 and the Angolan war of 1976 is described. The medical, social and military situations are discussed. The problems caused by the deteriorating conditions in the working environments of these teams during the collapse of the governing regimes within which they were operating are outlined and some of the methods which were used to solve these are considered. PMID- 7325355 TI - Tolerance to rectal ketamine in paediatric anaesthesia. AB - The use of rectal ketamine as the sole anaesthetic for short, minor procedures in young children is discussed. A case in which 18 anaesthetics were administered by this route, to facilitate radiotherapy, is reported and the subsequent development of tolerance and its possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7325356 TI - Field experience with the Triservice anaesthetic apparatus in Oman and Northern Ireland. AB - Experience gained by two anaesthetists using the Triservice halothane, trichloroethylene air and oxygen draw-over apparatus in the field and in a sophisticated hospital is described and discussed. PMID- 7325357 TI - Cardiovascular changes during controlled blood loss and replacement. AB - Changes in central venous pressure, systolic arterial pressure and pulse rate were recorded in 31 patients undergoing surgery involving withdrawal of 1 litre of blood and subsequent transfusion. Central venous pressure gave immediate and consistent indications of blood loss and replacement but blood volume changes could not be correlated numerically with central venous pressure. No difference was found between patients anaesthetised using spontaneous ventilation with halothane and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 7325358 TI - An evaluation of a pre-operative anaesthetic assessment questionnaire. AB - A total of 400 patients was invited to complete a pre-operative anaesthetic assessment questionnaire. On analysis 74.3% had undergone a previous general anaesthetic, 60.8% had taken some form of medication in the preceding 6 months, and 53.8% gave a significant medical history. The questionnaire is designed to focus attention on those patients at risk, to allow more efficient use of the time available for the pre-operative visit, and to provide a permanent record of the patient's medical history relevant to anaesthesia. PMID- 7325359 TI - My heart stood still. The personal case history of an anaesthetist. AB - The author--an anaesthetist--describes his experience as a patient undergoing open-heart surgery. He reports excellent professional management and a very satisfactory result but offers some constructive criticisms. PMID- 7325360 TI - Epidural diamorphine and fentanyl for postoperative pain. PMID- 7325361 TI - Is Mendelson's syndrome a 'public health hazard'? PMID- 7325362 TI - Induced hypotension in ear, nose and throat surgery. PMID- 7325363 TI - A highly sensitive assay for epoxide hydrolase using an endogenous epoxide as substrate: 16 alpha, 17 alpha-epoxyandrost-4-en-3-one. PMID- 7325364 TI - Preparative liquid chromatography of 1:1 adducts derived from the reaction of malondialdehyde with amino acids. PMID- 7325365 TI - Quantitation of radiolabeled mucous glycoproteins secreted by tracheal explants. PMID- 7325366 TI - A simple procedure for protein determination by the Lowry method in dilute solutions and in the presence of interfering substances. PMID- 7325367 TI - A new method for the detection and assay of alpha-1,3-glucanases. PMID- 7325368 TI - One-step separation of the subunits of alpha-crystallin by chromatofocusing in 6 M urea. PMID- 7325369 TI - The calculation of partial specific volumes of proteins in 8 M urea solution. PMID- 7325370 TI - Syringes are unsuitable for pipetting submicromolar solutions of nucleoside triphosphates because of adsorption. PMID- 7325371 TI - A separation chamber to sort cells, nuclei, and chromosomes at moderate g forces. II. Studies on velocity sedimentation and equilibrium density centrifugation of mammalian cells. PMID- 7325372 TI - A versatile low-temperature stopped-flow instrument compatible with both rapid and slow scanning spectrometers. PMID- 7325373 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of chicken skeletal muscle proteins with agarose gels in the first dimension. PMID- 7325374 TI - A triton X-100 acid urea electrophoresis system for the rapid analysis of low specific activity globins. PMID- 7325375 TI - Labeling of pigeon erythrocyte membrane proteins by low-level reductive methylation. PMID- 7325376 TI - Determination of fluoride ion in bovine milk using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. PMID- 7325377 TI - [Effects of local anesthetics containing metal cations on the nerve tissue]. PMID- 7325378 TI - [Relation between serum cholinesterase polymorphism, long-term apnea and hypoventilation during surgery and in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7325379 TI - [Nomogram for evaluation of blood volume based on clinical signs]. PMID- 7325380 TI - [Multicomponent intravenous anesthesia on the basis of drip infusion of ketamine]. PMID- 7325381 TI - [Hypnosis and music analgesia in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7325382 TI - [Respiratory-inhalation therapy of chronic lung diseases after abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7325383 TI - [Microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 7325384 TI - [Intensive drug therapy and counterpulsation in cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7325385 TI - [Effect of osmolarity of the perfusion medium on the osmotic properties of the blood during open heart surgery with artificial circulation]. PMID- 7325386 TI - [Value of the determination of activated coagulation time for decreasing heparin and protamine sulfate doses during operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 7325387 TI - [Heparin content and thrombogenic blood proteins in the early postoperative period in patients operated on with artificial circulation]. PMID- 7325388 TI - [Anesthesia in various medical disciplines]. PMID- 7325389 TI - [Effect of helium inhalation on hemodynamics]. PMID- 7325390 TI - [Complications of long-term catheterization of the veins]. PMID- 7325391 TI - [Device for bronchospirometry during general anesthesia and artificial respiration]. PMID- 7325392 TI - [Device for humidifying and heating of respiratory mixture during artificial respiration in pediatric anesthesiology]. PMID- 7325393 TI - [Transient ischemia and clinico-biochemical disorders during reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta depending on the method of general anesthesia]. PMID- 7325395 TI - [Martorell-Fabre syndrome. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7325394 TI - [Evaluation of the exploratory function tests and the surgical indications in combined lesions of aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal segments. Apropos of a study of 58 patients]. PMID- 7325396 TI - [Continuous heparin therapy in deep venous thrombosis and its monitoring with the Howel and thrombin times. Prospective study]. PMID- 7325397 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic post-thrombotic venous insufficiency. Personal experience]. PMID- 7325398 TI - [Causes of death in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs, followed for several years]. PMID- 7325399 TI - [Arterial injuries in children. Presentation of 18 cases and review of the subject]. PMID- 7325400 TI - [Arterial embolism caused by hydatid cyst. Intracardiac hydatidosis]. PMID- 7325401 TI - [Spontaneous contractility of the lymphatic vessels in man]. PMID- 7325402 TI - [Femoral embolism caused by rupture of a cardiac hydatid cyst. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7325403 TI - Double-blind capillaroscopic study of the activity of buflomedil in Raynaud's syndrome: a report on 80 cases. AB - A double-blind study was performed to compare the effects of buflomedil versus placebo on the capillaroscopic images of the nailbed before and after a cold test in 80 patients with Raynaud phenomenon. The results were scored according to the elements of capillaroscopy (number of capillaries, size, density). Buflomedil was found to significantly better than a placebo (p less than 0.02). PMID- 7325404 TI - Experience with buflomedil in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 7325405 TI - Tissue pO2 and transcutaneous pO2 as guidelines in experimental and clinical drug evaluation. AB - Tissue pO2 measurements on skeletal muscle surface both in patients and in animals in a model of occlusive disease revealed local tissue hypoxia that, until now, had not been detected with any other method. This kind of local tissue hypoxia is interpreted as a disturbance of local microflow distribution in the presence of unchanged regional blood flow rate. In response to buflomedil infusion, tissue pO2 histograms improved without any change in regional blood flow or distal blood pressure. In comparison to healthy volunteers, transcutaneous pO2 measurements in patients allowed establishment of of tcpO2 profiles along the lower extremity which were in agreement with angiographic localization of vessel occlusion. In a preliminary study, buflomedil infusion (3 mg/kg) over 30 minutes caused a significant increase in tcpO2 in 5 patients in the absence of any significant change of segmental blood pressure. It is concluded that both tissue pO2 and tcpO2 measurements are able to provide unique information about local changes of the microcirculation in occlusive vessel disease. PMID- 7325406 TI - Practical impact of hemorheology on the treatment of chronic peripheral ischemia. PMID- 7325407 TI - Double blind comparative study of cinnarizine and buflomedil in patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiency. AB - In this paper a comparison was established from the clinical, neurological, psychological, and laboratory viewpoints, between the effects on the cental nervous system of a vasodilating medication, cinnarizine, currently accepted as effective, and buflomedil, a medicine recently introduced, which has shown good promise in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. During a 180-day period, 37 patients suffering from vascular cerebral insufficiency, aged between 43 and 86 years, were treated. The patients were randomized into two groups, each group receiving one of the treatments in a double-blind study. All patients were periodically administered clinical and neurological tests, and the Benton Test for visuo retention through which the intellectual level, recent memory, and visuo-motor coordination were examined. In addition, the patients were given a series of laboratory toxicity tests to ascertain the safety of the treatment. On completion of the study all data submitted to a statistical analysis. After studying the results, the authors reached the conclusion that both treatments were beneficial; when corresponding doses were used, buflomedil showed better results by improving the reasoning and the remote memory, and in the Benton test, better results in improving visuo-motor coordination were demonstrated by statistical analysis. Laboratory tests did not reveal any changes except in the serum cholesterol level, which decreased significantly in those patients who took buflomedil. PMID- 7325408 TI - Morphologic endothelial response to meglumine diatrizoate: an electron microscopic study. AB - Ultrastructural changes in vascular endothelium after an intra-aortic injection of 65% meglumine diatrizoate, 10 ml/kg, and equiosmolal hypertonic saline were observed using electron microscopy in the rat. Cell shrinkage and expansion of intercellular clefts were found in all specimens from a large artery at 5 and 20 minutes after injection. Some destroyed cells were seen at all times after contrast and hypertonic saline administration, but one-half of the specimens taken at 1 hour were otherwise nearly normal in appearance. In muscle capillaries, the changes were less severe than in the large artery. Despite the large dose, equiosmolal meglumine diatrizoate and saline solutions produced identical vascular lesions as detected with electron microscopy. PMID- 7325409 TI - Relationship between the radioisotope test using 131I-labelled serum albumin and plethysmographic blood flow measurements in the study of the circulation in the foot. AB - A radioisotope test using 131I-labelled serum albumin and venous occlusion plethysmography were performed simultaneously on the feet of normal individuals and patients with peripheral arterial disease during a period of reactive hyperemia. The radioisotope test includes a circulation time and a build-up curve reflecting a local clearance process which is characterized by the parameter M/2 - delay. Between the parameter M/2 -- delay of the radioisotope test and the blood flow measured by the plethysmograph, the power relationship was found to be: M/2 -- delay = 74.01 F-0.74 with r = 0.69. The experimental data show that the plethysmographic blood flow measurement is an accurate method for the assessment of the peripheral circulation in normal individuals but is less suitable in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The radioisotope test appears to be more valuable than the plethysmographic blood flow measurement for the differentiation of normal individuals from patients with peripheral arterial disease and for the evaluation of the grade of ischemia. PMID- 7325410 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on microvascular blood flow velocity. AB - Pentoxifylline (PF), known to increase red blood cell (RBC) deformability, has recently attracted much attention because of its possible effect of reducing capillary resistance. There has been practically no reliable demonstration of an increase in capillary blood flow by this drug. This study was intended to examine the effect of PF and hence deformability changes on microvascular hemodynamics and the rheological mechanisms underlying such an effect. Mesentery microvessels of 15 rats were subjected to intravital microscopic observation under transillumination. Capillary blood flow was measured using a newly developed 2 channel sample-hold scanner incorporated into a video display system. Changes in whole blood viscosity were also measured in order to investigate hemorheological changes. It was found that a significant increase in capillary blood flow (as much as 140%) was brought about by PF administration. The increase in blood flow was particularly remarkable in capillaries of about 13 microns in diameter, while whole blood viscosity measured in vitro showed a reduction of 40% at most. In view of these results and the reported effect of PF on increasing the RBC deformability, increased capillary blood flow can be attributed to the increased RBC deformability. PMID- 7325411 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase and fraction 1 in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7325412 TI - Relationship of resting ejection fraction and extent of coronary arterial disease with changes of QRS amplitude during exercise stress testing. AB - To further elucidate the value of the R wave criteria during the exercise stress test (EST), we studied the direction and magnitude of the changes of the QRS amplitude (delta R) as well as the extent of ST segment depression in 75 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 26 normal subjects (NLS). Results were analyzed in relation to severity of the disease (number of vessels involved) and left ventricular EF. In NLS, there was an average decrease of the QRS amplitude of --1.9 +/- 0.6 mm (mean +/- SE) compared to an average increase of 0.6 +/- 0.35 mm for CAD patients. Mean delta R for 1VD was --0.28 +/- 0.75 mm; for 2VD, it was 0.27 +/- 0.54 mm, and for 3VD, it was 1.37 +/- 0.55 mm. Mean delta R for NLS was significantly different (Duncan's multiple range test, p less than 0.05) from 2VD and 3VD but not from 1VD. Although there was no statistically significant difference of mean delta R among CAD groups, a significant linear trend was observed (p less than 0.008). Resting EF did not correlate either with extent of ST segment depression or with the direction or magnitude of delta R induced by exercise. We conclude that the direction of changes in delta R during exercise is related to the presence or absence of CAD. The magnitude of delta R appears to correlate with the severity of coronary arterial involvement. We did not detect any relationship between R wave changes and left ventricular function. The use of R wave criteria may slightly improve the sensitivity of EST but detracts from specificity. PMID- 7325413 TI - The behavior of the Nicoladoni-Branham sign at rest and under effort. AB - The Nicoladoni-Branham sign may change because of exercise. Both dogs with femoral AVF and patients with lower-extremity AVF showed an increase in the Nicoladoni-Branham reaction after exercise as compared with its magnitude at rest. In both groups the AVFs were located near active muscles. We did not find this behavior in 3 patients with AVFs at points distant from the muscles used in exercise. PMID- 7325414 TI - The role of the vague nerve in airway narrowing caused by intraesophageal hydrochloric acid provocation and esophageal distention. PMID- 7325415 TI - Adverse reactions to venom immunotherapy. AB - The authors treated 22 adults patients with histories of systemic hypersensitivity to hymenoptera with venom extracts using a traditional approach to immunotherapy. Patients had an immunological response consisting of an increase in venom specific IgE and IgG. Twelve patients underwent an uneventful in-hospital insect sting challenge. Injections of venom extract elicited large reactions in 50% of the patients for which subsequent venom dosages were adjusted proportionately to the local reaction. Using this approach, the investigators observed no systemic reactions to venom therapy. They conclude that systemic reactions to venom immunotherapy may be lessened by the adjustment of venom dose after local reactions to therapy without a loss of efficacy. PMID- 7325416 TI - Urticaria associated with maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 7325417 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Saccharomonospora viridis diagnosed by inhalation challenge. PMID- 7325418 TI - Diphenylhydantoin hypersensitivity reaction associated with interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and hypereosinophilia. PMID- 7325419 TI - Serum IgE levels in patients with liver disease. AB - Serum IgE level was determined in patients with chronic and acute liver diseases. In the latter it was correlated with that of other immunoglobulin classes and with disease activity. IgE level was found to be within normal range in patients with chronic active hepatitis and in those with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, as well as in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. In contrast, the prevalence of patients with high serum IgE level was significantly increased during the active stage of both type A an type B hepatitis. Serum concentration of IgE decreased to normal following complete recovery from the disease. The increase in serum IgE level during type A hepatitis was accompanied by a very marked increase in IgM level while that of IgG remained unchanged. The changes in the pattern of serum immunoglobulins during acute hepatitis might be attributed to selective depletion of suppressor T-cells. PMID- 7325420 TI - Bee venom immunotherapy: clinical and immunologic observations. AB - In the present study the authors evaluated the usefulness of pure venom (PV) in the diagnosis and prevention of bee allergy in a group of 25 patients. In addition, they followed changes in specific IgE and IgG serum levels during the course of immunotherapy. They found excellent correlation between the clinical history and skin test reactivity to PV. The RAST values correlated well with skin test but were somewhat less specific. They used a rather moderate schedule of desensitization by which a 100 mcg maintenance dose was attained by the 11th week. This schedule resulted in minimal side effects and was extremely effective. None of the live insect challenged patients had major reactions. Successful immunization was not associated by a decrease in specific IgE level. In contrast, most patients exhibited an increase in specific serum IgG levels. An increase in IgG level did not prove to be an absolute indication of successful immunization. PMID- 7325421 TI - Erythrocyte aspartate amino transferase activity in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children and its enhancement by vitamin B6. PMID- 7325422 TI - Hypersensitivity to tobacco glycoprotein in human peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7325423 TI - [Improved enzymatic method for determination of serum triglycerides with a centrifugal analyzer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe an enzymatic triglycerides method adapted to the Centrifichem Centrifugal Analyzer according to a two points kinetic process with a delayed initial reading. Such protocol eliminate the interfering substances with rapid kinetic specially free glycerol at low levels. Correlatively, the choice of the standard is very significative. The method is rapid and permits a good approach to triglycerides levels without arbitrary correction for free glycerol. PMID- 7325424 TI - Evaluation of a new precipitation procedure for estimating high density lipoprotein cholesterol: precipitation of apolipoprotein B associated cholesterol with concanavalin A. AB - The implication of HDL as a negative risk factor in cardiovascular disease has focused on the need for an accurate but rapid routine method for determining HDL cholesterol in human serum. A practical approach is the specific precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins (atherogenic lipoproteins) by Concanavalin A (Con. A), a lectin with high affinity for glycoprotein apo-B. Specificity was assessed by radial immunodiffusion of apoprotein B in whole serum and in Con. A supernates. Double-immunodiffusion of isolated LP-fractions against anti-apo-B and Con. A demonstrated immunochemical identity of Con. A precipitable LP with apo-B-containing LP. Con. A precipitated cholesterol in the d : 1.063-1.21 g/ml fraction when apo-B was present. Complete precipitation of low density cholesterol was demonstrated, using a reconstituted serum sample radiolabelled in the d less than 1.063 g/ml fraction. Treatment of a reconstituted serum sample containing radiolabelled 125I-apo-A-I with Con. A demonstrated precipitation of trace amounts only of apo A-I. Con. A precipitated LP-B cholesterol quantitatively even when serum triglycerides (TG) exceeded 37.7 mmol/l. Clinical application of this method revealed that 73% of the patient population demonstrated apo-B in the d greater than 1.063 g/ml fraction. PMID- 7325425 TI - [Interpretation of results on a human basophil degranulation test (author's transl)]. AB - A statistical analysis of a result on a human basophile degranulation test was performed. The shape of the curve representing the number of basophiles, as a function of the logarithm of the allergenic dosage, was parabolic, in the case of degranulation. This curve permits a calculation of the dosage necessary to provoke a degranulation of 10 per cent, in comparison with the mean of the two control test tubes. The authors also determined the significant degranulation threshold to be 5 per cent, as regards the mean number of cells counted for the controls (example: for 50 control cells counted, the threshold was equal to 28 per cent degranulation). This statistical analysis largely facilitates the interpretation of the granulation test by basophiles, by assuring the value of observed degranulations, and by allowing a better quantification of the phenomenon. The latter might permit a comparison of different batches of allergen, that is, the standardisation of allergens. These calculations can be easily programmed, using a currently available calculator. PMID- 7325426 TI - [Plasma T4: adaptation of a commercial radioimmunoassay for use in dogs]. PMID- 7325427 TI - Renal function after prolonged hypotensive anesthesia and surgery in dogs with reduced renal mass. AB - The effect of prolonged hypotensive anesthesia and surgery on renal function was studied in 8 dogs with decreased renal mass. Renal mass was reduced by unilateral nephrectomy and ligation of 4 of the 6 terminal renal artery branches of the opposite kidney. One week after reduction in renal mass, the dogs were azotemic with a serum urea nitrogen (SUN) value of 65.8 +/- 11.5 mg/dl. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by 14C-inulin clearance, was 0.66 +/- 0.19 ml/kg of body weight/hour. A mean arterial pressure of less than 75 mm of Hg was maintained for 4 hours in dogs given 2.3 +/- 0.7% halothane. An exploratory laparotomy lasting 1 hour was performed. The day after the hypotensive episode, 3 dogs began vomiting, became dehydrated, and had SUN values greater than 100 mg/dl. The SUN values returned to base-line values after the dogs were rehydrated. Eight days after the hypotensive episode, 14C-inulin clearance decreased 15.2 +/- 8.2% (P less than 0.005) compared with base-line clearance values. Light microscopic and electron microscopic observations of the kidneys did not demonstrate acute renal failure. Prolonged hypotensive anesthesia can cause a decrease in renal function, and may cause prerenal uremia and/or acute renal failure. PMID- 7325428 TI - Effect of vitamin E deficiency on the proliferative response of canine lymphocytes. AB - The effect of vitamin E deficiency on the proliferative response of canine lymphocytes was examined, using the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay, with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed as mitogenic stimulants. A litter (4 pups; group 3) from a bitch fed a complete diet was given a complete diet from the time of weaning (6 weeks) until termination of the experiment, and served as a control group. A litter (4 pups; group 1) from a bitch fed a vitamin E-deficient diet was given a vitamin E-deficient diet from the time of weaning (6 weeks) until termination of the experiment. A litter (6 pups; group 2) from a bitch fed a complete diet was weaned onto a complete diet and then changed to a deficient diet until termination of the experiment. Lymphocytes from group 1 and 2 pups (fed deficient diets) were poorly responsive to mitogen-induced blastogenesis, compared with the lymphocytic response seen in the controls. Washing the lymphocytes from the pups fed vitamin E-deficient diet resulted in enhanced responsiveness to mitogen stimulation. Lymphocytes from controls which had good responses when cultured in bovine fetal serum or normal canine serum were poorly responsive when cultured in serum from groups 1 and 2 pups (fed vitamin E-deficient diet). Reducing the concentration of group 1 and 2 pup sera in the culture medium restored the responsiveness of lymphocytes from control pups. Supplementation of group 1 and 2 pup sera with bovine fetal serum did not result in enhancement of the responses of lymphocytes from controls. The capability of sera from vitamin E-deficient pups (groups 1 and 2) to support blastogenesis of lymphocytes from control dogs was restored following dietary supplementation with vitamin E. It was concluded that the depressed lymphocyte responsiveness in pups fed vitamin E-deficient diet was due to the presense of a suppressive factor in the serum. PMID- 7325429 TI - Inheritance of microphthalmia with coloboma in the Australian shepherd dog. AB - Microphthalmia with coloboma behaves as an incompletely penetrant recessive trait in the merle Australian Shepherd dog. Microphthalmia and related anomalies occurred more often in merle dogs with predominate white than in merles with limited white hair coat. The study did not establish a genetic relationship between the amount of merling and microphthalmia. The inheritance of merling behaved as a dominant trait, but fewer non-merles occurred than were expected. Variations in white spotting were satisfactorily explained by several hypotheses involving 2 or 3 alleles at the S locus. Each requires some or all homozygous merles to be largely white and 1 or more of the S alleles to exhibit some extent of dominance over other alleles in the series. PMID- 7325430 TI - Inheritance of primary glaucoma in the beagle. AB - Primary glaucoma in the Beagle is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Twenty-six matings of affected x affected Beagles resulted in 77 offspring with glaucoma (38 males/39 females). Four matings of glaucomatous Beagles (1 male/3 females) x normal laboratory-quality Beagles (3 males/1 female) yielded 15 ocular normotensive Beagles (6 males/9 females). Three matings of glaucomatous Beagles (3 males/1 female) x carrier Beagles (1 male/2 females) produced 19 offspring; 8 exhibited glaucoma (2 males/6 females) and 11 were ocular normotensive (6 males/5 females). PMID- 7325431 TI - Relationship of selected clinical renal function tests to glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in cats. AB - Results of 3 clinical tests of renal function--urine concentrating ability and disappearance of plasma phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) and sodium sulfanilate (SS) were compared with those of 2 classic tests, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF), in 11 cats before and after reduction of renal mass. Values (mean +/- SD) obtained from normal cats were maximum urine concentration of 2,270 +/- 407 mOsm/kg (specific gravity values of 1.067 +/- 0.015); T 1/2 for plasma disappearance of PSP of 24.27 +/- 3.5 minutes; T 1/2 for plasma disappearance of SS of 44.42 +/- 5.67 minutes; GFR of 2.94 +/- 0.32 ml/min/kg; and RBF of 10.61 +/- 1.71 ml/min/kg. After reduction of renal mass by vascular ligation and nephrectomy, the cats became azotemic and had significant decreases in GFR and RBF (P less than 0.005), but still were able to concentrate urine to a considerable extent. Both maximum urine concentration and PSP plasma decay were poorly correlated with GFR (r = 0.4060 and 0.3694, respectively) and RBF (r = 0.3439 and -0.3427). Sulfanilate half-life had better correlation with GFR (r = 0.7004) than with RBF (r = -0.5716). Both GFR and RBF increased significantly (P less than 0.005) between postsurgical weeks 1 and 9. It was concluded that experimental cats with azotemia retain considerable ability to concentrate urine and that the SS test is superior to both the PSP test and urine concentration test for clinical estimation of renal function. PMID- 7325432 TI - Effects of bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata) on voluntary feed intake and serum constituents of sheep. AB - Effects of daily dosing with bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata) on voluntary feed consumption and concentrations of serum constituents were determined in 2 experiments, using 12 lambs each. Feed intake decreased linearly as the bitterweed dose increased. Serum total protein and albumin decreased and urea nitrogen, creatinine, and total bilirubin increased with the increasing bitterweed dose. Serum lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase activities increased at the highest bitterweed dose (0.264% of live body weight/day, air-dry basis). Depression in voluntary feed intake was more sensitive to the bitterweed dose than were serum constituents. This dose-related decrease in ad libitum feed intake provides a useful and less expensive short term assay for assessing treatments for reducing bitterweed toxicosis, compared with the customary LD50 tests. PMID- 7325433 TI - Selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues of young cattle fed supplemented whole milk diets. AB - Three groups of 5 calves each were fed (from birth to 12 weeks of age) 3 vitamin mineral supplemented whole milk diets differing only in their selenium (Se) content (0.03, 0.23, and 0.53 microgram/g of solids). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) activities and Se concentrations were determined in blood at weekly intervals and in selected tissues after 12 weeks. There were marked differences among the tissues in GSH-Px activity, most notably in the liver, lungs, and adrenal glands, depending on whether H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide was used to assay the enzyme. Tissues having the highest GSH-Px activity on a weight basis, when assayed with the H2O2 substrate, were erythrocytes and testes. Enzyme activity in thymus, brain, striated muscle, adipose tissue, and blood plasma was lowest among the tissues analyzed. The Se concentration on a fresh tissue-weight basis was highest in kidney cortex, intermediate in kidney medulla, testes, liver, and spleen, and lowest in striated muscle, adipose tissue, and blood plasma. The Se concentration was increased in liver, kidney cortex, spleen, and heart, with increasing increments of dietary Se, whereas differences were not observed in testes and adipose tissue. PMID- 7325434 TI - Distribution of selenium-dependent and nonselenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues of young cattle. AB - Separation by gel-filtration chromatography and enzyme assay with H2O2 and an organic hydroperoxide substrate were used to identify selenium (Se)-dependent and non-Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in tissues of calves fed supplemented whole milk diets differing only in their Se content (0.03, 0.23, and 0.53 microgram/g of total solids). Spleen, cardiac muscle, erythrocytes, brain, thymus, adipose tissue, and striated muscles of calves were found to contain only the Se-dependent GSH-Px. Tissues having both enzymes included liver, lungs, adrenal glands, testes, kidney medulla, and kidney cortex. Hepatic tissue contained the highest percentage of non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity of the calf tissues. For those tissues having Se-dependent and non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, the Se-dependent enzyme activity was generally lower for calves fed 0.03 microgram of Se/g of total solids as compared with activity in calves fed larger amounts of Se. The tissue ranking of non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, as a percentage of total GSH-Px activity, was not changed by differences in the Se content of the diets fed to the calves. PMID- 7325435 TI - Effects of clinical and subclinical gastrointestinal helminthiasis on digestion and energy metabolism in calves. AB - Digestion and energy metabolism trials were conducted in 2 groups of 4 steer calves each, experimentally infected with Cooperia and Ostertagia larvae. In group 1 calves given an amount expected to cause clinical parasitism (8,000 larvae/kg 0.75), fed intake and nutrient digestibility were significant (P less than 0.05) depressed at postinfection week (PIW) 3 (the time that infections became patent); nitrogen balance in these calves were also low. The apparent absorbed nitrogen fraction was significant (P less than 0.05) depressed because of a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in digestion. Protein catabolism was also increased. Although energy balance was significantly depressed at PIW 3, the calves seemed to recover from the effects of parasitism by PIW 5. In group 1 calves, weight gains were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed, with mean weight gains of 10.68 kg of body weight as compared with gains of 41.44 kg for group 3 calves (noninfected controls). In group 2 calves given an amount expected to cause a subclinical infection (800 larvae/kg 0.75), nitrogen absorption was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed at PIW 2 and 3 and energy balance was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed at PIW 3. In group 2 calves, mean weight gains (34.76 kg) were less than were those for group 3 calves (41.44 kg). The degree of parasitism seen in group 2 calves was comparable with that observed in field examinations of naturally infected calves of approximately the same age. Seemingly, under grazing conditions in Maine, these low levels of parasitism could result in appreciable production losses in young animals. PMID- 7325436 TI - Diffusion of nitrous oxide into the intestinal lumen of ponies during halothane nitrous oxide anesthesia. PMID- 7325437 TI - Phenylbutazone toxicosis in equidae: a biochemical and pathophysiological study. AB - Toxic effects of phenylbutazone (PBZ) in ponies and horses were studied, using a variety of biochemical, pathophysiologic, and pathologic methods. At dosage levels of 10 to 12 mg/kg of body weight/day for 8 to 10 days, ponies frequently developed clinical signs of toxicosis characterized by hypoproteinemia. Studies using 51CrCl3 demonstrated that PBZ caused a protein-losing gastroenteropathy. The plasma loss was usually associated with gastrointestinal ulceration, but sometimes occurred without obvious lesions in mildly affected animals. Similar studies (8.2 mg/kg/day for 13 days) in Thoroughbreds indicated that they were less susceptible to PBZ toxicity; however, a degree of hypoproteinemia occurred in 4 of 6 treated Thoroughbreds. PMID- 7325438 TI - Resistance of Pasteurella multocida to rabbit neutrophil phagocytosis and killing. AB - The susceptibilities of several Pasteurella multocida strains to serum bactericidins and to killing by rabbit polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were investigated, using in vitro assays. Strain Bunia II (serotype 5,12:E) was killed by both immune and normal rabbit sera containing active complement, and strains R1 (serotype 3,12:A) and 656 (serotype 12:B) were serum resistant. Strain R1 opsonized with immune or normal rabbit serum with complement or with immune antibody alone was phagocytized by neutrophils, and strain 656 was ingested only after opsonization with immune antibody in the presence or absence of complement. Complement alone was ineffective as an opsonin for the last 2 serotypes. Neither isolate was resistant to PMN killing. Growth of strain R1 in subcutaneously implanted chambers in rabbits did not increase the resistance of this organism to PMN. Comparison of phagocytosis and killing of this isolate with 2 virulent rabbit strains of P multocida--strains L-A (serotype 12:A) and 7228 (serotype 14:D)--demonstrated that strain L-A was resistant to destruction by neutrophils, whereas strains 7228 and R1 were killed. Resistance of strain L-A was not associated with the hyaluronic acid capsule. PMID- 7325439 TI - Failure of ribosomes from nonencapsulated Pasteurella multocida to protect CF-1 mice. AB - Monomeric ribosomes (70S) were isolated from nonencapsulated Pasteurella multocida strain X-73 by mechanical disruption and by chemical lysis. Contamination of the initial preparations by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evident by gel immunodiffusion. Gel filtration chromatography of the 70S ribosomes resulted in ribosomes with LPS contamination below the concentration that was detected by gel immunodiffusion, but chickens vaccinated with these preparations responded serologically to LPS by producing a detectable titer of passive hemagglutination antibody. Washing the 70S ribosomes through 0.5 M NH4Cl and 30% sucrose rendered them virtually free of contamination by LPS as evidenced by lack of passive hemagglutination titer. Ribosomes were evaluated as protective immunogens in CF-1 mice. Two inoculations (14 days apart) at each dosage level of 0.4, 40.0, and 400 microgram/mouse were given. At 21 days after vaccination, the mice were challenge exposed with encapsulated P multocida X-73 cells. None of the ribosomal preparations (crude or purified) protected against challenge exposure. Killed whole nonencapsulated cells did protect against challenge exposure. In contrast to numerous reports on the effectiveness of ribosomes as protective immunogens, ribosomes from nonencapsulated P multocida cells were not protective immunogens in mice challenge exposed with encapsulated cells under these conditions. PMID- 7325440 TI - Certain aspects of the biology and life cycle of Heterobilharzia americana in east central Texas. PMID- 7325441 TI - Evaluation of electronic tonometers in the rabbit eye. AB - The MacKay-Marg, pneumatonograph, and EMT-20 tonometers were evaluated in the normal rabbit eye. Tonometric scale readings were compared with the manometric recordings from the anterior chamber. Tonometry was performed with the manometric system closed and open to the reservoir column. The MacKay-Marg tonometer evaluated in the closed and the open manometric systems was highly reliable (goodness of fit (r2) = 0.958 and 0.961, respectively) with intraocular pressures (IOP) up to 50 mm of Hg and similarly (r2 = 0.949 and 0.967, respectively) with IOP up to 100 mm of Hg. The pneumatonograph also exhibited high reliability, r2 = 0.936 (closed) and 0.898 (open), at pressures up to 50 mm of Hg and r2 = 0.932 (closed) and 0.948 (open) at IOP up to 100 mm of Hg. The EMT-20 tonometer was least satisfactory for the normal rabbit eye, with r2 ranging from 0.069 to 0.171. PMID- 7325442 TI - Infestivity of Psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits. AB - Starving Psoroptes cuniculi were found to survive off the host for 4 to 21 days at relative humidities between 20% and 99% and temperatures between 5 and 30 C. Within these extremes, survival was greatest at low temperature and high relative humidity (RH). Mites were infestive for at least 50% of their survival times and may have infested new hosts in contaminated facilities. A temperature of 40 C and 20% RH maintained for 24 hours caused 100% mortality in test mites. Other selected combinations of temperature above 40 C and RH less than or equal to 75% also caused 100% mortality in 2 days or less. These conditions could be used to control these mites in vacated contaminated premises. PMID- 7325443 TI - Retinal atrophy in a Swiss hound. PMID- 7325444 TI - Urine concentrations of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and kanamycin after subcutaneous administration to healthy adult dogs. AB - Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and kanamycin were given subcutaneously in separate trials to healthy adult dogs of both sexes. Daily dosage levels were as follows: gentamicin, 6.6 mg/kg of body weight; tobramycin, 3 mg/kg; amikacin, 15 mg/kg; and kanamycin, 11 mg/kg. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were given in divided doses of 8-hour intervals for 5 consecutive 8-hour periods, whereas kanamycin was given in divided doses at 12-hour intervals for 4 consecutive 12 hour periods. Mean 8-hour urine concentrations +/- 1 SD were gentamicin, 107 +/- 33 microgram/ml, tobramycin, 66 +/- 39 microgram/ml; and amikacin, 342 +/- 153 microgram/ml. Mean urine concentrations (+/- 1 SD) for kanamycin were 473 +/- 306 microgram/ml in urine collected between 0 and 6 hours after dosing and 63 +/- 47 microgram/ml in urine collected 6 to 12 hours after dosing. PMID- 7325445 TI - A serologic survey of Mycoplasma putrefaciens infection in goats. AB - The prevalence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens infection in goat populations in Mendocino and Sonoma counties of northern California was studied, using the plate and tube agglutination tests. On a county basis, Mendocino had a higher antibody prevalence (13%) than Sonoma (10%). The overall antibody prevalence among the 377 goat serum samples tested was 11%. There was no statistical evidence to show any significant difference in prevalence on the basis of herd size. Of the common goat breeds in California, the American La Mancha had the lowest prevalence (4.7%), the Toggenberg, highest (10.8%). Angora goats shipped from Texas showed a much higher prevalence (67%) than any of the California breeds. The age-specific risk calculations indicate that all age groups were more susceptible to M putrefaciens than 4-year-old goats, with the lowest prevalence of 3.8%. The highest prevalence (21.3%) was observed in the Angora goats. Males had a lower prevalence (10.7%) than females (16.1%). A flock of sheep included in the survey showed a prevalence of 15%. PMID- 7325446 TI - Regional renal blood flow in ewes. AB - Regional blood flow to the kidneys was measured in 6 ewes by injecting carbonized microspheres (15 micrometer +/- 5) labeled with 85Sr into the left ventricle. There was no significant (P greater than 0.25) difference in the mean arterial pressure before and after injection of the microspheres. Normal values of blood flow to the outer cortex, inner cortex, and medulla were determined. The blood flow to the outer cortex was highest, followed (in a decreasing order) by the inner cortex and the medulla. Significant differences in blood flow were not detected between dogs, and sheep. The microsphere technique, based on Fick's principle, requires minimum instrumentation and does not require surgical manipulation of the kidney. The objective of the present experiment was to determine and compare the blood flow to regions of the ovine kidneys. PMID- 7325447 TI - Blood concentrations of oxytocin equivalents after single injections of deamino-1 monocarba-[2-O-methyltyrosine]-oxytocin in lactating sows. PMID- 7325448 TI - Serial endoscopic observation of swine gastroesophageal ulceration induced by injection of a histamine-oil-beeswax mixture. AB - The gastroesophageal (GE) area of swine was endoscopically observed before and after injection of a histamine-oil-beeswax mixture (5 mg of histamine/kg of body weight). The swine were anesthetized with halothane, and a rigid endoscope was inserted through a gastric cannula placed in the proximal greater curvature of the stomach. Observation was simple and the procedure lasted less than 10 minutes, without adverse reactions. In 4 swine with normal GE areas, hemorrhage was found at postmedication hour (PMH) 3 and ulcerative changes were seen at PMH 9 to 12. A more rapid pathologic change of the GE area was found in 2 animals with hyper- or parakeratotic changes before medication. Abnormalities were found up to PMH 9 in the GE area of 2 animals in which the stomach cannula was opened to allow the escape of gastric juice. PMID- 7325449 TI - Proximal equine radial and median motor nerve conduction velocity. AB - Radial and median motor nerve conduction velocities were determined on 10 clinically healthy 1- to 11-year-old ponies. These velocities were obtained by stimulation at the brachial plexus directly through a surgical incision and later in the ambulatory pony via implanted Formvar-coated wire electrodes. Percutaneous stimulation was used at the cubital region in both anesthetized and ambulatory ponies. The values for radial motor nerve fibers ranged from 96.4 to 100 m/s. These were 15.3% faster than previously reported distal values. Median motor nerve fiber values ranged from 86.8 to 90.2 m/s, which were 14.9% faster than distal velocities. These data showing proximal velocities in the equine to be faster than distal velocities were similar to reported data for persons and dogs. PMID- 7325450 TI - Kanamycin sulfate in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. AB - Six healthy adult mares were given a single dose of kanamycin sulfate (200 mg/ml) IM at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Kanamycin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum kanamycin concentration was 12.55 microgram/ml at 1 hour. Mean peak kanamycin concentrations in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid were 7.25 microgram/ml and 9.27 microgram/ml at 2 hours and 3 hours, respectively. These concentrations decreased steadily in parallel with serum concentrations and were still measurable at 48 hours. Urine concentrations of kanamycin were relatively high, with a mean peak concentration of 80.51 microgram/ml at 1 hour. PMID- 7325451 TI - Sodium oxacillin in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. AB - Six healthy adult mares were given a single dose (25 mg/kg of body weight) of sodium oxacillin IM. Oxacillin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum oxacillin concentration was 9.75 microgram/ml at 0.5 hour after injection. Mean peak oxacillin concentrations in synovial and peritoneal fluids were 1.45 microgram/ml and 2.60 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. These concentrations decreased in parallel with serum values and were not measurable at 48 hours. Urine concentrations of oxacillin were high, with a mean peak concentration of 2,790.2 microgram/ml at 0.5 hour. PMID- 7325452 TI - Serum lipid-associated sialic acid values in horses with neoplasms. PMID- 7325453 TI - Intraocular tension of the horse: effects of succinylcholine and halothane anesthesia. PMID- 7325454 TI - Immunogenicity of capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys. AB - Capsular antigens were isolated from Pasteurella multocida, strain P-1059 and their immunogenicity was tested in turkeys. The crude capsular antigen (CCA) was extracted from bacterial cells grown on membranes by heating at 56 C in a 2.5% NaCl solution. The purified polysaccharide antigen (PPA) was obtained by precipitation of CCA by cetylpyridinium chloride. Young adult turkeys were inoculated at 0 and 14 days and were challenge exposed at 28 days by IM inoculation of a live culture of P-1059. The turkeys were observed for 2 weeks and mortality was recorded; bacterial isolation was done at the time of necropsy. In 3 trials, CCA provided 80% to 100% protection; in 1 trial, PPA failed to provide protection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant and aluminum hydroxide gel were effective as potentiating agents when higher than 280 microgram of CCA was used. The CCA showed significant (P less than 0.05) protection after treatment with heat (100 C, 5 min), chloroform, or trypsin, but lost its immunogenicity completely by acid hydrolysis. The CCA was not toxic to mice at 2 mg. The limulus lysate test showed that CCA contained endotoxin in less than or equal to 5% of the total solids. These results indicate that the surface antigen isolated from P multocida by saline extraction was immunogenic in young adult turkeys. PMID- 7325455 TI - Anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog: measurement of hepatic superoxide dismutase, hepatic nonheme iron, copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin and serum iron, copper, and zinc. PMID- 7325456 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of intravenously and orally administered quinidine in cows. AB - Seven healthy adult cows weighing between 550 and 750 kg were administered quinidine gluconate (5 mg/kg) IV and quinidine sulfate (15,84 mg/kg) orally to determine pharmacokinetic values. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.80 +/ 2.21 L/kg. Total body clearance was 19.0 +/- 7.02 ml/min/kg and plasma half-life was 2.25 +/- 0.68 hours. The systemic availability of quinidine sulfate after oral administration of a 20 mg/kg dose was 23.3 +/- 16.3%. The mean peak plasma concentration reached in 7 cows after oral administration of quinidine sulfate was 0.26 micrograms/ml. The peak plasma quinidine concentration was reached in an average of 41 minutes after oral administration. The average plasma quinidine concentration 5 minutes after IV administration of quinidine gluconate was 27.5 +/- 22.1 micrograms/ml. At this time, some of the cows showed signs of quinidine toxicosis. The application of pharmacokinetic determinations to the clinical use of quinidine in cows is discussed. PMID- 7325457 TI - Effect of hypocalcemia on motility of the ruminant stomach. AB - The sensitivity of ruminal and abomasal contractions to hypocalcemia was evaluated in sheep. Serum diffusible calcium concentrations were determined during induction of hypocalcemia (IV infusion of Na2EDTA) and recovery from hypocalcemia (no infusion). Contractile strength of the rumen gradually decreased as serum diffusible calcium concentrations decreased; significant correlation (r = 0.75; P less than 0.001) was observed. Ruminal contractions disappeared before clinical signs of hypocalcemia were seen. Abomasal contractions were slightly reduced when serum diffusible calcium concentrations were equal to those producing ruminal stasis and clinical signs of hypocalcemia. These observations indicated that ruminal dysfunction may occur considerably before the onset of clinical signs of hypocalcemia. PMID- 7325458 TI - Indirect hemolysis test in the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis. AB - An indirect hemolysis (IHL) test was compared with 4 other serologic procedures in sensitivity and specificity, using bacteriologic findings from cattle in Brucella-infected herds. The test was more sensitive than the complement-fixation and tube agglutination tests, was similar to the Rivanol test, and was slightly inferior to the card test. It was more specific than the Rivanol, card, and tube agglutination tests, but had less specificity than the complement-fixation test. Results of all procedures were affected in varying degrees by the method of vaccination and time period of sample collections after vaccination. Twenty vaccinated Brucella-free adult cattle were also studied, using the IHL and other tests. Only a few cattle that were previously vaccinated had reactions to the IHL test. PMID- 7325459 TI - Effects of in vitro hemolysis on equine serum chemical values. PMID- 7325460 TI - Pharmacology of narcotic analgesics in the horse: quantitative detection of morphine in equine blood and urine and logit-Log transformations of this data. AB - Morphine was detected in equine biological fluids by a combination of liquid liquid extraction and column chromatography, followed by derivatization and gas liquid chromatographic assay, using electron capture detector. Recovery of morphine from the equine biological samples was poor. However, despite an overall recovery of less than 20%, this method had a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml. Addition of 5,000 U of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase/ml of urine enabled detection of the drug in urine for up to 144 hours after horses were given 0.1 mg of morphine/kg of body weight. Morphine was found for at least 24 hours in serum samples. An adaptation of logit-log transformation of gas-liquid chromatographic data for linearization over 3 log units suggested a simple adaptation to existing semiautomated data handling systems. PMID- 7325461 TI - Regional blood flow to the stomach and small intestine in swine. AB - The radioactive microsphere technique was used to measure regional blood flow to the stomach and small intestine of pigs weighing 20 to 37 kg. Mean regional blood flow (ml/min/100 g of tissue) was least in the nonglandular region, followed in an increasing order by the pyloric gland, cardiac gland, and proper gastric (fundic) gland regions. The region of the proper gastric glands accounted for 47.5% of the total gastric blood flow, with 24.9%, 23.8%, and 3.7% of the total flow going to the cardiac gland, pyloric gland, and nonglandular regions, respectively. Although there appeared to be a blood flow gradient in the small intestine, no significant difference in blood flow between the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was observed. Mean blood flow to the small intestine was significantly greater than that to the stomach. PMID- 7325462 TI - Cortical cataracts induced by hygromycin B in swine. PMID- 7325463 TI - Comparative toxicity of feeding dried urban sludge and an equivalent amount of cadmium to swine. AB - Three rations, an 18.71% protein swine starter diet (control), a basal diet containing 83 micrograms of Cd/g of diet, or a basal diet containing 50% Chicago sewage sludge (CSS) providing 83 micrograms Cd/g of diet, were given to weanling pigs for 9 weeks. Depressed growth occurred in both groups given Cd-treated diets in comparison with growth in pigs fed the control ration. Microcytic, hypochromic anemia occurred in the group given the Cd-supplemented diet, but there were no significant differences in the hematologic values between pigs in the control and CSS-supplemented diets. Toxicosis probably resulted from combining CSS as 50% of the diet due to a deficiency of available protein or other essential nutrients or from the accumulation of hazardous chemical residues including Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, or Zn. An increased amount of Fe in the CSS-treated ration apparently protected the pigs against the microcytic, hypochromic anemia. PMID- 7325464 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of a functional heterogeneity among physeal chondrocytes in growing swine. AB - Chondrocytes from the distal ulnar physis of 1- and 5-month-old boars were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Among reserve, proliferating, and early hypertrophic chondrocytes, 2 distinct cell types (dark cells and light cells) were recognized, and in the distal proliferative and early hypertrophic regions, dark cells seemed to be involved in matrix vesicle production. Late hypertrophic light cells seemed to follow 2 lines of maturation. One pathway resulted in cells with a stellate shape, typical of hypertrophic cells in several species other than swine. A 2nd pathway resulted in large oval cells with water clear cytoplasm. These cells appeared to become encased in a lamina of fine fibrils interspersed with irregularly shaped electron-dense material. The functional significance of these 2 pathways remains unclear. PMID- 7325465 TI - Ovine progressive pneumonia: experimental intrathoracic, intracerebral, and intra articular infections. AB - Three groups of 4 lambs each were experimentally infected with an isolate of progressive pneumonia virus (PPV) by intracerebral, intra-articular, or intrathoracic routes of inoculation. An additional control group was sham inoculated by all 3 routes with identically prepared, noninfected inoculum. Sheep were killed 12 to 42 days after inoculation. A mild generalized leptomeningitis was found in 2 of the 4 lambs inoculated intracerebrally. A severe, proliferative synovitis with massive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells was found in the 4 lambs inoculated intraarticularly. Germinal center formation was found in the synovial membrane 42 days after inoculation. Appreciable differences in lung morphologic features were not observed among the 4 groups. The PPV was isolated from virus-inoculated sheep from the choroid plexus, synovium, and lungs from inoculated and noninoculated sites. Nine of the 12 virus-inoculated lambs developed serum antibody to PPV, and specific antibodies were found in the synovial fluid of virus-inoculated joints. Virus was not isolated, lesions were not found, and serum antibody was not demonstrated in sham-inoculated sheep. PMID- 7325466 TI - Biomechanical analysis of forces acting about the canine hip. PMID- 7325467 TI - Monosynaptic reflex (H wave) in clinically normal and abnormal dogs. PMID- 7325468 TI - Freeze-preserved baboon red blood cells: effects of biochemical modification and perfusion in vitro. AB - Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated baboon RBC were freeze-preserved with 40% (w/v) glycerol at -80 C. To prepare rejuvenated RBC, a 50-ml solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine was used and RBC were incubated with this solution before glycerolization and freezing. Appropriate steps were taken to minimize osmotic damage to the RBC during glycerolization and deglycerolization. Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated cryopreserved RBC had freeze thaw recovery values of 98%, freeze-thaw-wash recovery values of 92%, and 24-hour post-transfusion survival values of 85%. Some units of cryopreserved RBC were autotransfused after thawing, washing, and storage at 4 C for 24 hours. Other units were perfused in vitro before autotransfusion. After 24 hours of postwash storage, the RBC were concentrated by centrifugation and suspended in a plasma protein fraction and/or an electrolyte solution, and then were exposed to extracorporeal perfusion. Serious adverse effects were not observed on posttransfusion survival, function, or hemolysis in nonrejuvenated or rejuvenated baboon RBC as a result of perfusion in vitro. PMID- 7325469 TI - Long-term study of the ocular effects of orthovoltage irradiation in rats. PMID- 7325470 TI - Age at death of necropsied intact and neutered cats. PMID- 7325472 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the juvenile dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and/or creatinine clearances were investigated in eleven 5-month-old Beagles. A 2-compartment open model was used to describe the drug's disposition, as judged by error sums of squares and residual plot analyses. Half-life (elimination phase) was 60.9 +/- 7.8 minutes (mean +/- SD), the volume of distribution calculated from the area under the curve was 35.4 +/- 3.6 L/100 kg of body weight, and the clearance of the drug from the body was 4.08 +/- 0.62 ml/min/kg of body weight. The 24-hour creatinine renal clearance in these dogs was 3.82 +/- 0.92 ml/min/kg, consistent with gentamicin being eliminated mainly by glomerular filtration. Other pharmacokinetic values were also determined. PMID- 7325471 TI - Pharmacokinetics of naproxen in the dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of naproxen was studied in mongrel dogs. After IV injection of a 5 mg/kg dose, plasma concentrations decreased biexponentially, with an average elimination half-life of 74 hours. The drug was highly protein-bound (greater than 99%) and had a correspondingly low apparent volume of distribution (0.13 L/kg). After naproxen was given orally, absorption was rapid, and the bioavailability ranged between 68% and 100%. With an initial dose of 5 mg/kg given orally, therapeutic plasma concentrations could be maintained by giving 1 daily dose of 1.2 to 2.8 mg/kg. PMID- 7325473 TI - Toxoplasmosis associated with abortion in goats and sheep in Connecticut. AB - Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a caprine fetus from a farm in Stonington, Conn. Placenta had multiple areas of focal necrosis and calcification. Toxoplasma was found in the placenta and in the fetal liver and heart. The doe had an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) titer of 1:2,048 to T gondii 2 days after abortion. There was no other abortifacient agent isolated. Serologic survey on the farm showed that the remaining 4 adult goats, the 8 sheep, the 4 cats, and the 4 persons on the farm had antibody to T gondii. One of the goats had an IHA titer of 1:2,048 at about 3 months after abortion, and 1 of the ewes had an IHA titer of 1:2,048 at about 5 months after abortion. PMID- 7325474 TI - Erythrocyte protoporphyrin in experimental chronic lead poisoning in calves. AB - Erythrocyte protoporphyrin was measured in calves by the free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) test. The FEP of 15 healthy calves was 142.8 +/- 32.4 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) of packed erythrocytes or 45.6 +/- 10.3 micrograms/dl of whole blood. Biweekly oral lead administration to 3 calves produced a continuous increase of FEP to between 2,800 and 6,033 micrograms/dl of packed erythrocytes after 20 weeks. Fluorescence scans of diluted blood were used to demonstrate that erythrocyte protoporphyrin from lead-poisoned calves was present as an approximately 2:1 mixture of zinc protoporphyrin and free protoporphyrin. Blood lead concentration increased in calves after lead was given (orally), but had greater weekly fluctuations than FEP. Mild anemia developed in 2 of 3 animals late in the experiment. Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes occurred in 1 calf. PMID- 7325475 TI - Ultrastructure of Haemophilus somnus, causative agent of bovine infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7325476 TI - Antigenicity of bacillary hemoglobinuria toxoids in cattle. PMID- 7325477 TI - Clinical toxicosis and erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition of trichlorfon combined with mebendazole in horses. AB - Thirty adult horses were used to compare the toxicity and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition of various dosages of a combination anthelmintic, trichlorfon + mebendazole. Single oral doses of up to 5 times the effective dosage (39.7 mg of trichlorfon and 8.8 mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight) did not result in deaths. Horses given a placebo and horses treated at the recommended dosage rate showed few or no side effects, whereas horses given higher dosages showed dosage related increases in the severity of clinical signs of organophosphate toxicosis. Dosage-related inhibition of erythrocyte ChE activity was also detected. A 2nd treatment of some of the horses at the recommended dosage 35 days after the initial treatment resulted in minimal or no side effects, despite the fact that erythrocyte ChE activity was still depressed before the repeat treatment. Changes indicating organ toxicosis were not detected in any of the clinical pathologic determinations in any of the dosage groups. PMID- 7325478 TI - Behavioral and cardiorespiratory responses to 4-aminopyridine in healthy awake horses. AB - 4-Aminopyridine was administered in incremental IV doses to healthy horses to evaluate cardiorespiratory and behavioral effects. Doses of 100 micrograms/kg produced apparent sensory discomfort, manifested by wiggling or curling of the lips and tongue, arching or stretching the neck, snorting, squealing, and coughing. At cumulative dosages of 300 to 500 micrograms/kg, muscle tremors, a stilted gait, and signs of excitement occurred. Once signs of excitement occurred, additional administration of 4-aminopyridine resulted in prolonged excitement consisting of severe muscle tremors and exaggerated responses to external stimuli. Heavy sedation with xylazine provided nearly complete relief from these effects. 4-Aminopyridine could be a useful adjunct to treatment of botulism in horses; however, administration of doses in excess of 300 to 500 micrograms/kg may cause severe CNS excitatory effects. PMID- 7325479 TI - Health service providers in psychology. Results of the 1978 APA human resources survey. PMID- 7325481 TI - Mortality rates in a two-sample study. (Reply to Gortmaker). PMID- 7325480 TI - Where have all the students gone? Positions of psychologists trained in clinical/services programs. PMID- 7325482 TI - [Streptococcal infections in childhood]. PMID- 7325483 TI - [Rheumatic carditis and its future (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report results of the study of a series of rheumatic heart disease in 34 children between three and 14 years old, followed-up from one month to 14 years (mean six years and six months), and another one of 14 adults operated because of cardiac sequelae, in whom the average age was 48. The most significant results are: more common in autumn-winter (62%) and females (60%); family history of rheumatic fever (55%); low social level; mitral predominance with mitral regurgitation in children and stenosis in adults; during puberty age; without symptoms in the joints in 36%, and with better prognosis since 1974. Parameters with prognostic value in the prediction of sequelae were: family history of rheumatic fever; rural environment; increase in cardiac volume, PR prolongation in the ECG and inadequate treatment and prophylaxis. 36% of the mitral lesions and 20% of the aortic ones disappeared. The main conclusion is the need for intensive treatment during the acute period of the disease and continuous prevention during the rest of their lives of cardiac sequelae. PMID- 7325484 TI - [Streptococcal infections in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7325485 TI - Limits for inhalation of radon daughters by workers. PMID- 7325486 TI - [Evolution of borderline states]. AB - This study presents all the anamnestic, clinical and catamnestic data and information regarding 111 patients diagnosed as Borderline in patients. The research confirms the assertion of various authors concerning the existence, in the daily clinical practice, of a Borderline psychopathological group, distinct and autonomous, comprising patients who present psycho-affectives and social specific features and often manifest typical depressed and psychotic syndromes; the statistical survey shows the heuristic interest of the Borderline diagnostic since several social and cultural as personal and familiar psychopathological variable factors appeared to be determinant in what concerns the psycho-social evolution of these patients. PMID- 7325487 TI - [Communication and assertiveness training program: preliminary results]. PMID- 7325488 TI - [Unusual ecmnesic condensation during manic attack]. PMID- 7325489 TI - [Value of bromocriptine in senile dementia]. AB - A study concerning the clinical and electroencephalographic effects of bromocriptine, on senile dementia (senile degenerative, vascular and mixed dementia), was carried out on 22 patients. The protocol for this clinical experiment was inspired from genetic psychology. A posology of 5 milligrams was generally used. The clinical results show an improvement in the motor, operative, and memory functions but especially in the sphere of emotion and behaviour. The electroencephalographic results show in 2/3 to 3/4 of the cases, the reappearance of alpha rhythm, an improvement in the arousal reaction and the reduction of the delta rhythms. The comparison between the clinical and the electroencephalographic results shows an appreciable electro-clinical concordance. PMID- 7325490 TI - [Psychoanalysis or pharmacologic blockage in cultivation of mentally handicapped]. PMID- 7325491 TI - [One of the aspects of construing properties of the object by psychotic children in the framework of genetic psychology]. PMID- 7325492 TI - [Nosology of Von Graefe-Lindenov syndrome. Study of mental disorders in this genetic neurosensory disease]. PMID- 7325493 TI - [Transfert, erotomania, delusional love during psychotherapy of psychoses]. PMID- 7325494 TI - [A method to select diagnostic criteria from Bayes' theorem and information theory (author's transl)]. AB - An algorithm is proposed to order a list of characteristics according to their efficiency for diagnosis. Two diagnostic ability coefficients (DAC), INF and TAX, are described. The calculus of INF coefficient is based on Bayes' theorem, using the occurrence of various diagnosis, and on information theory. TAX coefficient is a linear approach of the former. Both coefficients are tested with the study of 1891 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, originating from urines. The results are compared with those given by Gyllenberg's separation and characterization figures. Theoretical examples are also provided for computing purposes. PMID- 7325496 TI - [DNA base composition in strains of "Sporothrix schenckii" and "Ceratocystis" (author's transl)]. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition, as measured by guanine and cytosine content, was determined in strains of Ceratocystis minor, C. stenoceras and Sporothrix schenckii. The value for C. minor is 51.2 and the average value is 52.4 for C. stenoceras and 54.5 for S. schenckii. These values are in agreement with a close relationship between these fungi. PMID- 7325495 TI - [Determination of the chitinolytic activity of "Abies alba" Mill. litter microorganisms: bacteria and yeasts (author's transl)]. AB - Chitin decomposition by some microorganisms isolated from Abies alba Mill. litter has been observed. The active strains were representatives of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. The isolated yeasts were unable to decompose chitin. The chitinolytic microorganisms secreted in medium an extracellular chitinase system which determined chitin hydrolysis. Cell-free culture filtrate of the microorganisms produced colloidal chitin hydrolysis. An estimation method of chitin hydrolysis was determined measuring chitin loss in standard conditions. Experimental results indicate that Pseudomonas isolate is the most active. The active strains represent about 15% of the microorganisms, bacteria and yeasts, isolated from this litter. PMID- 7325497 TI - The collection and identification of toxic volatiles from plastics under thermal stress. PMID- 7325498 TI - Reproductive hazards and industrial chemicals. PMID- 7325499 TI - Industrial hygiene measurements for organic pollutants (acrylonitrile) using passive dosimeters and automated thermal desorption. PMID- 7325500 TI - Long-term experience in collecting and using occupational health data in the coal industry. PMID- 7325501 TI - Elevated intraocular pressure in the immediate postoperative period after cataract extraction. PMID- 7325502 TI - Sporadic butterfly macular dystrophy. AB - Deutman et al. described a butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of the fovea that involved six members of one family. It was thought to be an autosomal dominant trait. A 23-year-old white woman was recently examined with similar ocular findings. Twelve members of her family in three generations were examined. No macular abnormalities were present in other members of her family. PMID- 7325503 TI - Chemical and mechanical influence of intraocular lenses on rabbit eye tissue. PMID- 7325504 TI - Macular and peripheral subretinal cysticercosis. AB - We describe two cases of subretinal cysticercosis. In the macular case the parasite was easily recognized, but it migrated to the vitreous cavity during the surgical scleral procedure leaving behind great chorioretinal damage. In the peripheral case fluorescein angiography contributed to the diagnosis, and the surgical approach was easy and successful. PMID- 7325505 TI - Stromal corneal changes due to preserved saline solution used in soft contact lens wear: report of a case. AB - A case is presented of small, round, discrete, stromal corneal opacities resulting from the use of preserved saline solution with cosmetic soft contact lenses. The lesions completely cleared with cessation and recurred with resumption of use of saline solution. PMID- 7325506 TI - Sjogren,'s syndrome and benign hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom. AB - This article describes the relationship between Sjogren's syndrome and benign hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom (BHPW). A case is reported, and evidence is shown that they are the same disease differing only in some prominent clinical manifestations. PMID- 7325507 TI - Unilateral morbus Purtscher with poor visual outcome. AB - Two cases are presented, one with a pure cranial compression injury, the other mainly with chest trauma. Both patients noted immediate unilateral blindness. Vision did not improve in either within four months. Fluorescein angiography was performed and showed arteriolar as well as venous damage, with occlusion of arterioles and venules. As the impact in morbus Purtscher is usually very brief, reflux cannot explain the fundus changes. More likely a pressure wave is the cause of vessel damage with subsequent infiltration of blood, or plasma, into the wall of the vessel and obliteration of the lumen; it is also a cause of rupture of capillaries and hemorrhage. In traumatic asphyxia, on the contrary, a sustained force leads to reflux of blood and massive congestion with subsequent vessel damage and diapedesis. The prognosis in morbus Purtscher is often poor. PMID- 7325508 TI - Aniseikonia for near vision with unilateral aphakia corrected by intraocular lenses. AB - 1. Our methods for calculation of aniseikonia for near vision allow one to determine it in every patient with an intraocular lens. 2. With an eye with an artificial lens there is a correlation between the amount of accommodation used by the phakic eye and aniseikonia changes subject to the distance from the object. Calculations for aniseikonia for near vision in 43 patients showed that with accommodation used by the normal eye aniseikonia was increased by 3.0% to 7.8% as compared with aniseikonia for distance. With accommodation of the phakic eye lacking, aniseikonia for near vision did not differ much from its value for distance. 3. Calculations for aniseikonia for near vision showed the advantage of intraocular lens implantation for obtaining iso-iconia for distance or tolerable aniseikonia not more than 2.5% to 3.0%. 4. For obtaining iso-iconia for near vision it is necessary to correct the phakic eye to switch off its accommodation partially or completely (with emmetropia, correction +2.0D for near vision). PMID- 7325509 TI - A new technique for portable slit examination. AB - A new technique is presented for obtaining a portable low-power slit view of the cornea and anterior chamber by using a halogen streak retinoscope as the light source and binocular loupes or an aspheric + 20 diopter lens for magnification. PMID- 7325510 TI - Hematomas of the lids during a sickle cell crisis. PMID- 7325511 TI - [Surgical and functional anatomy of the base of the skull: middle and posterior sections (author's transl)]. AB - There has recently been renewed interest in the anatomy of the base of the skull. In this anatomical introduction, after an osteological description of views and sections of the base of the skull, exo- and endocranial, the author reviews the environment and relations of the endocranial surface, the exocranial surface as well as those of the structures involved in and passing through the skull base. This precise information concerning certain anatomical details is useful in the interpretation of scanner results and in determining the surgical approach to this region. PMID- 7325512 TI - [Radiological anatomy of the base of the skull: middle and posterior sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325513 TI - [Uncommon tumors of the petrous bone. 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of uncommon tumours of the petrous bone treated by surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy are reported. There was one case embryonic sarcoma in a 3-year-old female child and one case each of chondroid chordoma, isolated plasmocytoma and malignant fibroid chondrosarcoma or histiocytoma with giant cells. The signal symptoms (pseudo-petrositis, isolated paralysis of a vocal cord, sudden deafness) may be misleading. The most helpful diagnostic methods are frontal tomography and CT scanning. PMID- 7325514 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral neurological affections in adults localized to the middle and posterior sections of base of skull (author's transl)]. AB - Many neurological affections of the middle and posterior sections of base of skull may simulate tumors. Vascular disorders include diabetic lesions, diffuse cerebral vascularitis, vascular malformations, posterior fossa angioma, telangiectasis or cavernous hemangioma, and basilar artery aneurysms. Degenerative or deficiency nervous system affections may also simulate tumors, as well as bone or nerve malformations, such as erosions due to basilar artery compression. Arnold-Chiaris malformation, aqueduct stenosis, or an empty sella turcica. PMID- 7325515 TI - [Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. An analysis of 188 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a series of 188 patients operated upon for pituitary tumour. Since 12 operations were performed because of local recurrence, the total number of operations was 200 : 27 by the intracranial route and 173 by the naso sphenoidal route. Four deaths (17%) followed surgery by the former route and three (1.8%) by the latter route. During the decade under review surgical indications have decreased for large tumours belatedly diagnosed and increased for micro-adenomas giving rise to endocrine symptoms only, notably prolactin secreting adenomas. Improved knowledge of histopathology has resulted in the classification being altered : the conventional division into eosinophilic and chromophobe adenomas has been abandoned to be replaced by cellular types corresponding to the various hormone-producing and functional adenomas. Also a new type has appeared : oncocytoma. Secreting adenomas generally have a better prognosis than non-secreting adenomas, would it be only because they are smaller. Technical advances in operations almost exclusively performed nowadays by the naso-sphenoidal route have improved the results with regard to sight. Sight is now improved in 70.5% of the cases and completely restored in 32.4%. PMID- 7325516 TI - [Acoustico-facial syndrome due to bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325517 TI - [Therapeutic radiology of E.N.T. tumors of base of skull : middle and posterior sections excluding neuroma of N. VIII. (author's transl)]. AB - The aim and materials of therapeutic angiography regarding the tumours of the base of the skull in the ENT field are discussed. Indications of embolization are clear, they involve the hypervascular tumors whose blood supply is depending on the external carotid artery, and which may be operated upon. In such cases, embolization is performed about 48 hours before surgery. A special emphasis is done concerning the risks and their prevention, which is linked on a better knowledge of the micro vascular radio anatomy. PMID- 7325518 TI - [Pinkus' trichodiscoma (author's transl)]. AB - The trichodiscoma first described by Pinkus (1966) is a small cutaneous tumor of the human retropilar hair disk; these lesions generally multiple and probably more common than previously appreciated occur in adult patients most often associated with perifollicular fibromas and acrochordons. We observed 2 female patients (39 and 47-year-old) with multiple trichodiscomas; a linear group of 7 tumors on the scalp in the first and multiple lesions disseminated on the chest in the second. Histologically and--in one case--electronmicroscopically the most striking features are: the paucity of the Merkel's cells in the overlying basal layer of the epidermis, the hyperplasia of the capillary blood vessels and of their endothelial cells, the presence of thick myelinated nerve fibers in the depth of the lesion but not in the vicinity of the epidermis, the proliferation of a loose dermal connective tissue, the occurrence of sparse hair follicles connected to the trichodiscoma but frequently located on its margin. One can conclude that trichodiscoma mainly consists of a hyperplasia of the dermal components of the hair disk; Merkel's cells though belonging to the normal hair disk are not involved in the histogenesis of the tumour. In his comprehensive paper (1974), Pinkus predicted that the description of the trichodisoma will lead to the identification of patients having only one or a few lesions: our first case may be considered as a circumscribed paucilesional clinical form. PMID- 7325519 TI - [Contribution to hair medulla study (author's transl)]. AB - In this study, the authors aim to bring to light the anatomical characteristics of the medullary cells of hairs and to examine the evolution of these characteristics according to the mammals genuses. Previous studies of the morphogenesis of the medullary cells have shown that the cytoplasm of the medulla would turn amorphous while microfibrils are formed in the cytoplasm of the inner root sheath. The medulla and the inner root sheath are sulfur-poor but are rich in citrulline and the proteins are bound by epsilon(gammaglutamyl)lysine dipeptides. Our observations, both anatomical and ultrastructural, with the SEM and the TEM, have showed that the medullary cell is also evolved and complex that the others hairs cells. Furthermore, we have observed that the medullary cell content of some mammal's hairs is amorphous, as was shoon in previous works; but it seems to evolve towards a biphasic phase (or granular) in superior mammals while the medullary cells of the hairs of human and closely related anthropoids contain macrofibrils and microfibrils. Medullary microfibrils are similar to those of the inner root sheath of the hair and therefore, we now understand why citrulline and epsilon(gammaglutamyl)lysine bonds are also found in the medullary cells. PMID- 7325520 TI - [Two cases of skin pigmentation in association with minocycline therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Report of two cases of skin pigmentation during minocycline therapy. Examination showed confluent blue-gray oval patches on the anterior part of the legs, occurring after ingestion of respectively 12 g and 100 g of minocycline. Microscopic examination of each case was identical and showed two lesions: increase in the amount of melanine deposition in the basal layer of the epidermis; presence of brown-black pigment at all the level of the dermis but specially near the sweet glands. This pigment was strongly positive with Perls' stain. Electron microscopic examination showed a finely granular pigment exclusively intracellular in dermis fibroblast and macrophage. This pigment seemed to contain mainly hemodiderine. PMID- 7325521 TI - [Diffuse form of Bazex's paraneoplastic acrokeratosis disclosing a recurrence and metastases of a previously treated cancer of the epiglottis]. PMID- 7325522 TI - [Perforating necrobiosis lipoidica]. PMID- 7325523 TI - [Atypical form of cutaneous mastocytosis]. PMID- 7325524 TI - [A new castode Phyllobothrium pastinacae sp. n. described from the spiral valve of Dasyatis pastinaca taken from Tunis gulf (author's transl)]. AB - Distinguishing characteristics include: - scolece divided into four distincty curled bilobed bothridia with marginal loculi, -anatomy without post vaginal tests, - lateral genital atrium always in posterior 1/4 of segments, - about 100 testes. PMID- 7325525 TI - [The "cercarial index" of Schistosoma mansoni. Epidemiological and experimental results (author's transl)]. AB - The cercarial index defined by Bayssade-Dufour (1977) differs according to the hosts in which Schistosoma mansoni is cycled. This index is close to 1 in African human strains, 1.3 in Carribbean human strains, and 1.6 in strains kept for a number of years in rodents. The first epidemiological and experimental results supported the argument that the transmission of intestinal bilharzia in the mountainous refuge of infection at Grand-Etang, Guadeloup, is maintained exclusively by murine rodents. New epidemiological and experimental data lead us to believe that the black rat of Guadeloup is an inadequate host for S. mansoni, incapable of maintaining the parasite beyond a few cycles. PMID- 7325526 TI - Trichinella spiralis in rats: in vivo effects of the bile and in vitro action of secretory IgA from bile. AB - The biliary secretion of rats is diverted from the choledoch duct to the bladder. These rats are resuscitated by sub-cutaneous injections of a salt solution and then infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae. It is shown that the number of adult worms is increased (+ 66%); as is the female larvae production (+ 51%); the females' length is also increased (+ 25%). 40 days after the infection the number of muscular larvae is considerably increased (+ 79%) in comparison with control rats. Secretory IgA (SIgA) from rats bile were tested in vitro on the female production of larvae. This larvae production was more inhibited (59%) by immune SIgA than by control SIgA (25%). PMID- 7325527 TI - [Redescription of Onchocerca fasciata R. and H., 1910, a parasite of the dromedary (author's transl)]. AB - Onchocerca fasciata R. and H., 1910, a parasite of the dromedary is redescribed for material collected at Abha, Saudia Arabia. This Onchocerca, which is the only representative of the genus in camelids, is by its primitive morphology closest to species parasitic in equids (O. reticulata, O. cervicalis and O. raillieti). PMID- 7325528 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of the biology of Moniliformis moniliformis Bremser, 1811 (Acanthocephala). Influence of host resistance of Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769, on the parasite (author's transl)]. AB - Acquired resistance in rats (SIV 50) during infection with 30 Moniliformis moniliformis has an effect on survival, growth and behaviour of the parasite. We observe an expulsion of worms during infection, starting in the 4th week for female worms but usually after 8 weeks for the males. The density of parasites determines the beginning of the self-cure. Comparing our results with the works of Andreassen (1974a) and Burlingame et Chandler (1941), we observe that the self cure occurs earlier with doses of 100 larvae than with 30 or 20. Rats with a primary infection show immunity against reinfection. Two weeks after reinfection we observe that only 26% of the parasites are fixed compared to 66% in primary infections. A major effect of immunity is retardation of worm growth. Parasites from reinfections are shorter than those of primary infections. During infection the worm migrate. After the first 3 weeks the male migrate posteriorly and female anteriorly and posteriorly. In reinfections parasites become localized after only 2 weeks. We hypothize that M. moniliformis migrates due to an immunological reaction and inflammatory response of the intestinal mucus but also as a part of its own normal development. PMID- 7325529 TI - [Ecology of the ceratopogonids of the Alsace plain. III. Life-cycle of the Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from a fluvial breeding-place (author's transl)]. AB - In the East of France, Culicoides clastrieri, C. odibilis, C. cubitalis, C. subfascipennis and C. musilator have 2 generations per year; a spring generation and a summer generation. A part of the summer population undergoes a aestivo hibernation which is terminated around december. The possibility of a winter diapausa is evocated. PMID- 7325530 TI - [The relationship between host and parasite in the Crustacean Carcinus parasitized by Sacculina carcini: effect of crude extracts of Sacculina and haemolymph of parasitized Crab upon the proteinogramm of experimented healthy crabs (author's transl)]. AB - The injection of crude extracts of Sacculina to healthy crabs induces, after a variable lapse of time, qualitative and quantitative changes in their proteinogramm and a delay in their moulting cycle. These changes are the same as those observed in infested specimens. The injection of haemolymph from parasitized crabs gives similar effects. So, the Sacculina could be able to produce effect from afar upon organs not invaded by the roots of the parasite. PMID- 7325531 TI - [Morpho-biochemical differences observed on two wild strains groups of Cryptococcus albidus: V. albidus and V. diffluens (author's transl)]. AB - The morpho-biochemical characteristics were studied on 115 wild strains of Cryptococcus albidus: 61 isolates of the variety albidus and 54 of the variety diffluens. The mucous aspect of the colony, the pigmentation, the development on liquid medium, the cells' form and the filamentation were the morphological characters observed. As for the physiology, were reported the results concerning: the fermentation, the assimilation of 24 carbohydrates and the potassium nitrate, the development according: the temperature, two rates of actidione (cycloheximide) and four rates of tetrazolium. Were discussed: the atypicity and the intra-specific variations, the differenciation of the varieties and the taxonomic value of the two entities. PMID- 7325532 TI - [Advances in pediatric intensive care. Introduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325533 TI - [Apnea in premature infants. Current therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325534 TI - [Value of capillary blood culture performed after sampling by puncture of the heel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325535 TI - [Therapy of subglottic angiomas in infancy. 32 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325536 TI - [Unexpected neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland with congenital malformations in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325537 TI - [Transient synovitis ("toxic synovitis") of the hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325538 TI - [Ureteroceles in childhood : attempted reclassification and management. Report of twenty-four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325539 TI - [Determination of gestational age by the neonatal fetal age coefficient method. 60 case-reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325540 TI - [New ion exchangers Trisacryl: use and application to plasma protein fractionation process (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325541 TI - [Physical and chemical properties of fluorocarbons polymers used in pharmacy. Application to medical and surgical equipment control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325542 TI - [Spectrofluorimetry of some phenothiazine derivatives. II. Derivatives having no substitution in position 2 and an alkylheterocyclic one in position 10 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325543 TI - [Analytical and galenical study of the coloring matter from the red beet purified by fermentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325544 TI - [Theophylline cytotoxicity evidence in glomerular histiotypic and organotypic cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325545 TI - Tracheobronchial obstruction: a life-threatening complication of "benign" fibrosing mediastinitis. PMID- 7325546 TI - A mathematical model for assessing mitral incompetence by videodensitometry. PMID- 7325547 TI - [Familial multicentric osteolysis with recessive transmission. Four cases in a family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325548 TI - [Melorheostosis, osteopoikilosis and linear scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325549 TI - [Regressive small bowel obstruction due to a fibrous mesenteric band (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325550 TI - [Weber-Christian syndrome and chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325551 TI - [Pleural mesothelioma with predominant mediastinal involvement. Unusual presentation with dysphagia and pneumothorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325552 TI - [Palliative U-tube intubation of tumours of the extrahepatic biliary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325553 TI - [Acromial obstructions and the rupture of the rotator cuff. Indications and results of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325554 TI - [Reifferscheid's procedure for total colectomy in the management of Gardner's syndrome. A single case study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325555 TI - [Radiological explorations of maxillo-facial traumas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325556 TI - [Partial necrosis of the common bile duct during choledocholithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325557 TI - [Duodenal leiomyosarcoma with left hepatic metastasis treated by total exeresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325558 TI - [Result of surgical management of rectal cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325559 TI - [Results of a two-team technique for abdominoperineal resections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325560 TI - [Primary perineal closure following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum for carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325561 TI - [Electrocoagulation in the treatment of rectal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325562 TI - [Urinary tract complications in rectal surgery. Forty-six case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325563 TI - [The value and limitations of carcinoembryonic antigen levels (CEA) in colorectal cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325564 TI - [Mammary duct ectasia and intraductal papilloma in a pubescent girl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325565 TI - [Esophagogastrectomy with an EEA stapling device (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325566 TI - [Supra and inter-condylar comminuted fractures of the humerus in adult. A series of one hundred and two (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325567 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava. A new case. Surgical management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325568 TI - [Treatment of severe acromio-clavicular dislocations. A coraco-clavicular ligamentoplasty technique derived from Cadenat's procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325569 TI - [Tiapride in the orthopaedic treatment of cephalalgia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325570 TI - [Electrophysiological effects of ajmaline on normal and pathological sinus function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325571 TI - [Lesional severity of post-infarction angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325572 TI - [Study of primary and secondary sinus depression after atrial stimulation. Use of a pharmacological test for blockade of the autonomic nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325573 TI - [Electrophysiological exploration during intoxication by pindolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325574 TI - [Barlow's syndrome evolving towards rupture of the cordae tendineae. Diagnostic echography and surgical cure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325575 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography : principles, effects, results in the healthy subject (author's transl)]. PMID- 7325576 TI - [Electrophysiological study of the effects of verapamil on normal and pathological sinus node function]. PMID- 7325577 TI - The prevention of headache following spinal anaesthesia. AB - The efficacy of various methods in preventing headache following spinal anaesthesia was compared in 797 patients. The postspinal headache occurred in 17.8% of the patients in whom the lumbar puncture was done with a 22-gauge needle. The use of a 26-gauge needle reduced the occurrence of the headache to 7.8% (p less than 0.0125) and the administration of 100 mg of indomethacin six hours after the blockade to 10.3% (p less than 0.05) of the patients. The hydration, an infusion of 3000 ml of fluids during the operation day as compared to that of 1500 ml, did not prevent the headache, nor did the recumbency of 24 hours as compared to that of 8-16 hours, nor the prophylactic epidural blood patching. The headache occurred more often in young patients and in patients who had a history of repeating headache or migraine. In the patients with postspinal headache indomethacin relieved pain as effectively as a stronger analgesic mixture. Other complaints occurring after the blockade were: pain in the lower back in 9.7% and pain in the lower extremities in 7.2% of the patients. The lithotomy position during the blockade predisposed the patients to these complications. PMID- 7325578 TI - Xanthomas of the Achilles tendon. AB - The patients with xanthomas bilaterally in the Achilles tendons associated with type-II hyperbetalipoproteinaemia are reported. Both patients had elevated serum cholesterol, normal or slightly elevated serum triglycerides and an electrophoretic pattern of elevated beta and pre-beta lipoproteins. Subtotal resection of the tumours was found to be satisfactory in both patients with less risk of complications when compared with the earlier methods reported with total excision and reconstruction of the defect with fascial grafts. The early recognition and evaluation of the patients with hyperbetalipoproteinaemia is important because it is associated with an increased incidence of atheromatous coronary disease, often manifestated at an early age. That is why surgical interventions of tendon xanthomas must be connected with adequate medical treatment of the basic disorder in lipid metabolism PMID- 7325579 TI - Acromioclavicular joint dislocation - surgical results in 36 patients. AB - 45 patients were operated on because of acromioclavicular joint dislocation in the period reviewed. 36 patients attended for follow-up examination in 1979, on an average 4.8 years after the operations. In these patients, acromioclavicular joint dislocation was surgically treated as follows: A-O cortical screw in 27 cases, two Kirschner wires in five cases, and wire loop in three cases. Repair of the coracoclavicular ligament by Henry's procedure was performed in two patients in connection with acromioclavicular joint transfixion. Late resection of the distal end of the clavicle was performed in one case. The results were good in 28 patients, fair in five and poor in three cases (Ejeskar in 1974). In cases with a poor result, the findings were: 1) increased displacement of the joint surfaces on stress radiographs, 2) disabling pain at work, 3) restriction of movement of more than 20 degrees in several directions and 4) age over 42 years at operation. PMID- 7325580 TI - Ectopia cordis. AB - Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital anomaly with an unknown incidence. The heart lies totally or partially outside the thoracic cage. Sternal cleft without cardiac protrusion outside the thorax is not included. The condition is often associated with various cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. During the period 1968-1978 three cases of thoracic total ectopia cordis were encountered. Surgical correction was unsuccessful. This has been the outcome in all but one case of thoracic forms of total ectopia cordis reported earlier in the literature. PMID- 7325581 TI - Haemodynamic changes after portal vein ligation and mesocaval interposition "H" grafting in the dog. AB - The haemodynamic effects of portal ligation combined with mesocaval H-grafting were evaluated experimentally as follows: acute portal hypertension was induced in 20 mongrel dogs by ligation of the portal vein, in 15 of these a mesocaval shunt was constructed using an autogenous venous segment, the rest served as controls and were left without shunting. All animals with portal occlusion only died within 80 minutes, whereas nine dogs in the H-graft groups survived. The one month patency rate was 78 per cent. Slight portal hypertension was observed only in the early post-shunt period, one month later the pressure was normal. By this time the flow through the shunt was significantly reduced and numerous but small portosystemic collaterals were visualized radiographically. Varices formation was not observed. The Xe-133 wash-out of the liver and liver pO2 were normal in the early post-shunt period. These findings were in marked contrast to those in the control group where both variables showed rapid deterioration. The pre-shunt spleen flow proved to be of prognostic significance: poor flow was associated with bad prognosis. After one month the liver flow was decreased whereas the spleen flow was increased, perhaps indicating increased splenocollateral flow. Portal ligation combined with mesocaval H-grafting thus seemed to induce slight and temporary portal hypertension in this model. This appeared to be caused by relatively narrow lumen of the shunt. Normotension was soon established by rapid opening up of portosystemic collaterals. PMID- 7325582 TI - Therapeutic, clinical and histological factors related to the survival of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - Retrospective evaluation of 137 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma was attempted 4-12 years after therapy. The operation was radical or almost radical in 56 cases (40.8%). Postoperative treatment consisted of single-drug (N = 53) or multi-drug cytotoxic chemotherapy (N = 53) and irradiation alone (N = 8) or together with cytotoxic chemotherapy (N = 53). Postoperative therapy of any kind was impossible in 23 cases. Nine patients were alive 5 years after therapy. Eight of them had had a clinical stage III (survival rate 7.7%) and one clinical stage IV malignancy (survival rate 3.0%). The extent of the operation was of major importance, 8 out of 9 survivors having undergone a radical operation, which also prolonged the life of the non-survivors. Single drug chemotherapy and combination chemotherapy yielded similar results, 4 and 5 survivors, and 21.1 and 19.6 months as the mean length of survival respectively. None of the patients on postoperative radiotherapy survived. Their mean survival period was 16.6 months. Radiotherapy as an additional measure did not produce any benefit. The prognosis was most favourable for patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma. A poor prognosis was typical of nulliparous women, suggesting that hormones may contribute to the clinical behaviour of this illness. PMID- 7325583 TI - Tracheostomy and its complications. A retrospective study of 794 tracheostomized patients. AB - The records of 794 tracheostomized patients were studied in order to discover complication associated with tracheostomy. Bacterial colonization was found in 92% of patients from whom tracheal secretions were cultured, crusted airways in 5%, tracheobronchitis is 16%, pneumonia in 22% and tracheobronchial bleeding in 22% of patients in the form of bloody secretions. Tracheo-arterial erosion with massive bleeding was confirmed in five patients and treatment was successful in one case only. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula was diagnosed in three patients at autopsy. After extubation, symptomatic tracheal stenosis developed in nine patients, two of whom died. The overall mortality rate was 46% reflecting the seriousness of patients' diseases. Tracheostomy related mortality rate was 1.4%. The study was divided into two periods, one before the introduction of an intensive care unit (ICU) and the second thereafter when most of the patients were treated in ICU. The total number of complications during tracheostomy operation was higher during the first period than that in the second period. During tracheostomy treatment, crusted airways were confirmed more often during the first period whereas tracheobronchitis was observed more frequently during the second period. In other respects the incidence of separate complications did not differ statistically. The total number of complications increased but the incidence of separate complications did not increase, although there was a greater number of patients who were tracheostomized or received respirator treatment for a long period. PMID- 7325584 TI - Initial hospital care of the multitraumatized patient. AB - Efficient care of the multitraumatized patient in the emergency department is a most demanding task, to be carried out within narrow time limits. Efficient and successful execution can only be secured by team work, according to systematic and well rehearsed plans. The objectives are survival, stabilization, thorough diagnosis and establishment of priorities for definitive therapy. These objectives should be met within a period of 15 to 30 minutes. PMID- 7325585 TI - Early operative treatment of injuries of te thoracolumbar spine. AB - Following the assessment of our results, the following treatment policy is suggested for thoracolumbar spinal fractures. Stable fractures without neural involvement are treated conservatively. Stable fractures with neural involvement are rare, and the spinal cord or cauda equina should be decompressed. Unstable fractures are treated operatively with internal fixation and fusion. Unstable fractures with neural involvement are always treated operatively. Stabilization can usually be achieved by Harrington rods and fusion. Restitution of the normal anatomy gives the best chance for functional improvement. PMID- 7325586 TI - Pelvic fractures. AB - Stabilization of unstable pelvic fracture is warranted to relieve pain and to reduce bleeding. A trapezoid frame external fixation is suggested for reduction and retention of such fractures. Some controversy exists concerning the sources of bleeding and the measures for control. On the one hand, bleeding arises from fractures of the cancellous bone. On the other hand, blood vessels may be torn by the fracture. Massive bleeding is common which requires a good blood bank service. The complications of pelvic fracture consist bleeding, nervous and urological injuries. PMID- 7325587 TI - Diagnosis and tactics in abdominal injuries. AB - Abdominal trauma has a high priority in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with multiple injuries. Both blunt and penetrating injuries may be isolated or multiple and they are often combined with extraabdominal trauma. A close cooperation between surgical and other specialties is often needed. Transport from a smaller hospital to a center with full diagnostic and therapeutic facilities may be advantageous. PMID- 7325588 TI - Management of trauma to the parenchymatous organs. AB - The incidence of abdominal trauma is increasing, and is related to both increased violence in the society and to the increased frequency of road traffic accidents. Injuries to the liver, pancreas with duodenum, and kidneys are almost always associated with other lesions, and we see the multi-traumatized patient. Splenic injuries however, may be solitary. Since the duodenum and pancreas lie in the depth of the abdominal cavity, they are to some extent surrounded and cushioned against impact by the overhanging liver, the lower lateral and posterior rib cage and the vertebral column. The spleen, on the other hand, is attached to its vascular pedicle, but very mobile and susceptible of injuries involving deceleration and direct blunt trauma. PMID- 7325589 TI - Management of renal and ureteric injuries, and retroperitoneal haematoma. AB - Retroperitoneal injuries form a special subgroup of abdominal trauma. Injuries of kidney and ureter as well as methods of management of retroperitoneal haematoma are discussed in this chapter. High-dose infusion urography is recommended in renal injuries. Angiography may give valuable additional information. A retroperitoneal haematoma in the upper part of th abdomen may mask serious injuries of other retroperitoneal organs, pancreas, duodenum or main vessels. A midline approach is recommended for exploration and treatment of these injuries. PMID- 7325590 TI - Injures of the colon and rectum. AB - Experience gained in wartime surgery have made important contributions to the treatment of colon injuries. During World War I, when the method of treatment was primary closure, the mortality rate was 60-70%. In World War II, when, following the recommendation of Ogilvie (15), the preferred method of treatment was exteriorization or proxima colostomy, the mortality rate fell to 25-30%. Given such marked improvement it was inevitable that the practice of exteriorization would be applied to civilian life. In 1951 Woodhall and Ochsner (24) suggested a more selective approach to the treatment of large bowel injuries. Following their report other authors (5, 11, 12, 18) have reported favourable results with primary suture and resection of certain types of colon wounds. During hte last decade the mortality of ano-rectal injury has been further reduced mainly due to the use of a washout of the distal rectum, presacral drainage and proper use of antibiotics. PMID- 7325591 TI - 63Nickel-constituents in renal cytosol of rats after injection of 63nickel chloride. AB - Chromatographic and electrophoretic fractionations of 63Ni-constituents were performed upon renal cytosol samples from rats that were killed following administration of 63NiCl2. At 0.5 to one hr after i.v. injection of 63NiCl2 (0.1 to 0.5 mumole per kg body wt., N = 6), renal cytosol contained 11 percent (SE +/- 2 percent) of the 63Ni-dose. An average of 68 percent (SE +/- 4 percent) of 63Ni in these cytosol samples was associated with low molecular weight components (mol. wt. less than 2,000). The remainder was bound to five macromolecular constituents, with molecular weights of greater than 130,000 (Peak A), approximately 70,000 (Peak B), approximately 55,000 (Peak C), approximately 30,000 (Peak D), and approximately 10,000 (Peak E), based upon column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The 63Ni that was present in Peaks A to E averaged, respectively, 1.8 percent, 10.7 percent, 7.5 percent, 10.0 percent and 1.6 percent of total 63Ni in renal cytosol. At one to fours hrs after i.m. injection of 63NiCl2 (100 mumol per kg body wt., N = 17), renal cytosol contained 2.2 percent (SE +/- 0.1 percent) of the 63Ni-dose; ultrafiltrable 63Ni averaged 57 percent (SE +/- 3 percent) of total 63Ni in renal cytosol. Macromolecular 63Ni constituents in these samples were separated by electrophoresis in agarose gel and visualized by autoradiography. Peak D (mol. wt. approximately 30,000) was the most prominent of the five 63Ni-constituents. This study demonstrates that renal cytosol of 63NiCl2-treated rats contains five macromolecular 63Ni-constituents that may be involved in renal uptake, transport, storage, and excretion of 63Ni(II). PMID- 7325592 TI - Nature of platelet antibody in Evans syndrome: a case report. AB - The association of autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Evans Syndrome) has been recognized previously. Recently the present authors investigated a patient with this disorder. Both IgG and C3d were found on the patient's red cells and the serum contained a polyspecific IgG red cell antibody demonstrable only by the antiglobulin test. IgG antiplatelet antibody was demonstrated on circulating platelets as well as in the serum from the patient by using 125I-staphylococcal Protein A (ISPA) assay. Absorption of serum with normal platelets resulted in removal of platelet antibody, but not the red cell antibody. Furthermore, eluate prepared from platelets sensitized with patient serum contained an IgG antibody directed specifically against platelets, since it did not cross react with red cells. Our data suggest the presence of two distinct antibodies, one directed against platelets and the other against red cells in our patient with Evans Syndrome. Both these antibodies are IgG in nature and belong to subclass other than IgG3 since staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) binds to all subclasses of human IgG except IgG3. PMID- 7325593 TI - A long-term study of the absorption of large oral doses of folic acid. AB - Large daily doses of oral folic acid ranging from 25 to 1,000 mg and totalling between 1,875 and 16,000 mg per course of treatment were well tolerated without any evidence of toxic effects by four hyperuricemic men of the ages of 26, 38, 46 and 50 years. The minimum folate absorption in the gut as measured by urinary excretion ranged from 10.1 to 45.7 percent. The percentage of absorption within a give patient remained similar in successive courses and there was no evidence of saturation of the absorption process related to dose or time. The pattern of urinary excretion of folates did not indicate that appreciable fractions relative to the large folate doses were retained by the patients. Serum, erythrocyte, and urine folates returned to pretreatment levels within 120 days after treatment. These findings suggest that the folate stores of the body do not expand by orders of magnitude even when megadoses of folates are absorbed in the gut. The rise of the folate levels in erythrocytes was gradual and continuous during treatment and is best explained by postulating that incorporation of folate into red cell takes place mostly at the precursor and reticulocyte stages. The decrease of erythrocyte folate values seen 40 to 66 days after folate treatment indicates that the folate content of erythrocytes diminishes during their life span. PMID- 7325594 TI - Brain stem glioma complicated by Strongyloides stercoralis. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of brain stem glioma and disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infestation in an Ecuadorian male is reported. The unusual finding of Strongyloides larvae in the potassium hydroxide preparation for fungi and in the Gram stain for bacteria from a sputum during hemoptysis fortuitously established the diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis. Of interest was the demonstration of various stages of Strongyloides in the sputum during treatment. Strongyloides infestation must be assiduously searched for in susceptible patients who are, or who are to be, immunosuppressed. PMID- 7325596 TI - A note on the correct definition of additive deviation and dominance deviation. PMID- 7325595 TI - Approximating a trivariate normal probability that is of special relevance to the multifactorial model of disease transmission. AB - A study has been made of methods of approximating the probability of severe disease occurrence in the child of parents who both suffer from a mild (or subclinical) form of the disease in question. A wide range of parameter values has been considered. It has been found that (i) The Mendell-Elston formula is very accurate. (ii) The simple pseudo-Pareto formula is not quite as accurate as the Mendell-Elston, but is still well within the range of acceptability. (iii) A more elaborate pseudo-Pareto formula is very accurate. PMID- 7325598 TI - The effects of increased phenotypic variance on the evolutionary outcomes of generalized major-gene models. AB - The study of generalized major-gene models has been extended to accommodate selective, assortative mating mechanisms. In this formulation the consequences of amplified phenotypic variance on the major gene frequency are investigated. It is shown that the rate of approach to the equilibrium state is slowed under attenuated assortative mating tendencies and/or with increased environmental noise. Also, an increased phenotypic variance induces more skewness in the nature of the gene frequencies, i.e. a less 'central' polymorphic expression. Where strong positive assortative mating occurs, a population fixation state results. Negative assortment generally facilitates the stability of a 'central' polymorphism. PMID- 7325597 TI - Genetic studies on the Ticuna, an enigmatic tribe of Central Amazonas. AB - The Ticuna are an Amerindian tribe of Central Amazonas, a key location in theories of the peopling of eastern South America. The results of typing some 1760 members of the tribe with respect to 37 different genetic systems are reported, as are the results of HLA typings on a subsample of 129 persons. Salient findings include the following. (1) Except for a high frequency of LMs allele and an unusual combination of HLA allele frequencies, there are no notable findings with respect to the commonly studied polymorphic systems. A multivariate treatment of six of the most commonly studied genetic polymorphisms accords the Ticuna an 'average' position among Amerindian tribes. (2) There is much less intervillage heterogenicity than usually encountered in Amerindian tribes; this is attributed to recent high rates of intervillage migration due to religious developments. (3) A thus-far unique polymorphism of ACP1 was identified, the responsible allele having a frequency of 0.111. (4) In proportion to the size of the tribe, there was a relative paucity of 'private' genetic variants, the ACP1 allele being the only one. This discrepancy is attributed to a relatively recent numerical expansion of the tribe; effective population size over the past several thousand years is thought to have been well below what present numbers would suggest. (5) The thesis is again advanced that 'private variants' (alleles not occurring as polymorphisms of wide distribution) are more common in Amerindian than in Caucasian or Japanese populations. PMID- 7325599 TI - Further remarks on estimating genetic correlations. PMID- 7325600 TI - Instrumental neutron activation analysis of brain aluminum in Alzheimer disease and aging. AB - Instrumental neutron activation analysis procedures were used to determine the aluminum content of various brain regions in histologically verified Alzheimer disease (AD) and in controls. The grand mean aluminum level for 74 AD specimens was 0.372 +/- 0.058 microgram/gm and for 137 adult controls, 0.467 +/- 0.033 microgram/gm, both on a wet weight basis. No difference was found at the bulk sample level between AD and adult controls, corrected for age and sex, or when frontal, temporal, and hippocampal specimens were compared. Control specimens (infancy to 85 years) showed an increase in brain aluminum concentration with age. Comparison of freeze-dried to wet weight ratios of AD and controls revealed a small increase in water content in AD brains. PMID- 7325601 TI - Resetting of tremor by mechanical perturbations: a comparison of essential tremor and parkinsonian tremor. AB - With the use of a computer-controlled torque motor, experiments were carried out on 11 patients with essential tremor and 13 with parkinsonian tremor to determine the effect of mechanical displacements at the wrist joint on the established pattern of tremor. Analysis of the timing of tremor bursts in electromyographic recordings before and following the stimuli revealed that the phase of essential tremor could be readily reset by external perturbations. In the majority of the parkinsonian patients the same type of stimuli had very little effect on the pattern of tremor. Differences between predicted and actual times of occurrence of tremor bursts following the stimuli were used to calculate a normalized resetting index, with 0 representing no resetting and 1, complete resetting. For the patients with essential tremor the mean resetting index was 0.64 +/- 0.14 (SD); for the parkinsonian patients the generation of essential tremor. Reflex mechanisms are less important in parkinsonian tremor, which is more likely dependent on oscillations originating in the central nervous system. PMID- 7325602 TI - The effect of stimulus orientation on the visual evoked potential in multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual evoked potential (VEP) latency was measured in 89 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using both a checkerboard stimulus and an alternating vertical grating. Thirty-seven patients had abnormal VEP latencies to the check stimulus, but 63 were classified as abnormal when the grating stimulus was employed. In an additional 22 MS patients, each eye was tested with a checkerboard stimulus, a vertical grating, and a horizontal grating to determine if edge orientation of the stimuli was responsible for the difference between grating and check diagnostic yields. The resulting diagnostic differences could be explained by taking into account the sinusoidal components of these stimuli. After equating gratings and checks for the fundamental Fourier component, each eye of 15 of the MS patients was retested with gratings in three orientations: vertical, horizontal, and oblique. Nine of the 15 patients had an orientation-dependent abnormality of VEP latency. The results suggest that MS causes an orientational imbalance in the human visual system and that VEP testing with stimuli in more than one orientation can increase the diagnostic yield in MS patients. PMID- 7325603 TI - Slowly alternating skew deviation: description of a pretectal syndrome in three patients. AB - Three patients who had slowly alternating skew deviation are described; each had elements of the Sylvian aqueduct syndrome. This combination of signs supports a pretectal location for lesions associated with alternating skew movements. Postmortem examination of a patient who died of chronic herpes simplex encephalitis showed extensive demyelination and periaqueductal spongiform degeneration; there was preservation of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, vestibular nuclei, and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal bilaterally. The slowly alternating dysconjugate vertical movements bear a resemblance to both see-saw nystagmus and the ocular tilt response. PMID- 7325604 TI - Cerebellar degeneration in the rat following rapid correction of hyponatremia. AB - Degenerative lesions in the superior vermis of the cerebellum were produced in 8 of 14 rats that were first made hyponatremic for three days with vasopressin and water and then given hypertonic saline. Within the superior vermis, lesions were predominantly localized to the crests of the folia. These lesions were characterized by demyelination of folial white matter and necrosis of granule cells at the junction with the white matter. In severe degeneration, the entire width of the granule cell layer was involved and Purkinje cell necrosis was found as well. Hyponatremia alone or administration of hypertonic saline to normonatremic rats did not result in lesions. Because of the topographical and histopathological similarity of these lesions to those of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, our findings raise the possibility of a contribution of electrolyte induced injury to the pathogenesis of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7325605 TI - Systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures during generalized seizures in sheep. AB - The systemic vascular response to seizures is known but information on the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation is lacking, clouding an understanding of the pathophysiology of postical pulmonary edema. We investigated this problem using electrically induced single seizures and bicuculline-induced status epilecticus in halothane-anesthetized sheep. Aortic, pulmonary arterial, and left atrial pressures were recorded throughout the seizure activity, and the responses of the systemic and pulmonary pressures were compared. All monitored pressures rose precipitously with the onset of seizures. In all types of seizure the pulmonary pressure elevation was brief, lasting only one-third as long as did the systemic. Pulmonary microvascular pressures rose well above the level of plasma oncotic pressure. Pulmonary vascular pressures were elevated in proportion to the duration of the seizure stimulus, while the systemic response did not so vary. Cervical spinal cord transection abolished all systemic and pulmonary vascular response to seizures, demonstrating ultimate neural mediation. PMID- 7325606 TI - Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy: glial bundles in cranial and spinal nerve roots. AB - Autopsy examination of a 3 1/4-year-old child with a severe congenital hypomyelination neuropathy showed the anterior spinal nerve roots and motor cranial nerves to be almost devoid of myelin in their subarachnoid course. The posterior spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves were less severely affected. Onion bulb formation was minimal and was present only in the sural nerve. There was extensive glial overgrowth in cranial nerves and spinal nerve roots adjacent to the brainstem and spinal cord. The extent and severity of glial overgrowth were similar to that described in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and morphologically appeared as glial bundles. These glial bundles are most likely secondary to chronic myelin and axonal damage. PMID- 7325607 TI - Human leukocyte anitgen in torticollis and other idiopathic dystonic syndromes. AB - Two groups totaling 67 patients with idiopathic focal, segmental, and generalized dystonia, including torticollis, were compared with normal controls to determine whether there was a difference in the frequency of A, B, and C locus human leukocyte (HLA) antigens. The results indicated no statistically significant deviations in HLA antigen frequencies between the patients and the normal controls. Thirteen of the patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia were compared with normal controls for DR locus antigens. A trend of increased DR3 antigens observed in the patients may be significant. HLA genotyping of parents and children in nine families was also studied to determine if an HLA-linked factor could be related to the dystonic syndrome in the children. The results were indeterminate, suggesting that further family studies are required to resolve this issue. PMID- 7325608 TI - Choline chloride in Alzheimer disease. PMID- 7325609 TI - Spinal seizures following intravenous contrast in a patients with a cord AVM. PMID- 7325610 TI - Alcohol and Serum creatinine kinase levels. PMID- 7325611 TI - Transient bilateral visual reduction and mydriasis after propranolol treatment. PMID- 7325612 TI - Physical anthropology of Tarahumara Indians of northern Mexico. AB - During an anthropological mission in northern Mexico, 108 individuals of both sexes, belonging to the ethnic group of Tarahumara of the district of Norogachi were examined. Anthropometric characters and some physiological and medical data were taken. In this paper our anthropometric data are compared with those of the same population, taken in 1898 by Hrdlicka and in 1925-26 by Basauri. Thus it results that their cephalic index increased, while the reduction of their bizygomatic diameter shows a process of slenderization (according to Debetz). From a physiological point of view it is interesting to observe the high percentage of tasters of P.T.C. lowest concentration, the absence of evident dischromatopsies, the presence of a moderate eosinophilia probably due to parasitosis. Finally, it is opportune to observe the presence of blood in the urine of 15.7% of males, probably connected with a cultural factor, that is kick ball foot race on long distances. PMID- 7325613 TI - [Quantitative mycelial growth and antibiotic biosynthesis patterns in actinomycete producers of heliomycin]. AB - The quantitative regularities of the mycelium growth and antibiotic biosynthesis were studied in submerged cultures of the heliomycin-producing organisms. The following regularities of the mycelium growth were observed: the growth of the growth tubes proceeds according to the exponential law (the first exponential phase of the culture growth), the growth of separate branching hyphae submits to the linear dependence, the total length of the branching mycelium increases exponentially (the second phase of the culture exponential growth). During the first exponential phase the specific rate of the antibiotic biosynthesis is equal to the specific rate of the mycelium growth and the synthesis of heliomycin balanced with the mycelium growth. During the second exponential phase the specific rate of heliomycin biosynthesis exceeds the specific growth rate which is evident of the antibiotic overproduction. The changes in the ratio of the specific growth rate and antibiotic biosynthesis coincide with the changes in the intracellular localization of heliomycin. When the synthesis of heliomycin is balanced with the culture growth, the antibiotic is in the form showing yellow luminescence. With the beginning of the antibiotic overproduction heliomycin in the form of granules with bright orange luminescence is detected in the mycelium along with the yellow luminescence form. It is suggested that formation of the granules during the antibiotic overproduction is one of the mechanisms of the antibiotic excess removal. PMID- 7325614 TI - [Action of acridine dyes on antibiotic, pigment and aerial mycelium formation in streptomycete producers of multicomponent antibiotics]. AB - The ability of 5 streptomycetous species synthesizing multicomponent antibiotic to produce the antibiotic and water-soluble pigment and to form the aerial mycelium in the presence of acridine dyes was studied. It was found that the character of the produced complex changed, when acridine dyes were added to the medium under conditions not affecting the culture growth and the temperature was elevated. Colonies deficient with respect to formation of the aerial mycelium and with changed pigment and antibiotic production were detected in the monospore cultures of the streptomycetes treated with acridine dyes, when the spore survival was equal to 100 percent, the frequency of the colonies being about 40 per cent. PMID- 7325615 TI - [Sisomicin. The mechanism of admixture inactivation and formation]. AB - Inactivation of sisomicin in aqueous solutions was studied under various conditions. At pH 4-10 and a temperature of 60 degrees C the inactivation rate constant was equal to (5-10) X 10(-5) hour-1 and remained stable. At lower pH values the inactivation rate constant increased: 5.5 10(-3) (60 degrees C) at pH 0.5. The activation energy of the inactivation reaction was 27 (pH 0.5) and 32 (pH 4.0) kcal/mol. The study on the behaviour of sisomicin in solutions with different pH values under the environmental conditions and in the atmosphere of nitrogen showed that at low pH values the inactivation was mainly determined by hydrolysis of the glycoside bond. Formation of coloured compounds did not include the oxidation reaction. At pH about 7.0 oxidation of the antibiotic or of the products of its degradation with respect to the double bond played a significant role in the inactivation and formation of the coloured substances. PMID- 7325616 TI - [Polarographic method of determining oleandomycin]. AB - It was shown with the use of classical and differential polarography that oleandomycin in aqueous solutions undergoes electrolytic reduction on the mercury dropping electrode. The polarographic wave of the reduction was distorted with adsorption phenomena. Its height was proportional to the analytical concentration of oleandomycin in the solution. The polarographic study on the process of acid and alkaline hydrolysis showed a satisfactory correlation between the height of the oleandomycin peak on the differential polarogramme [Formula: see text] and the biological activity of the antibiotic in the solution. The quantitative analysis implies recording of the data of the differential polarogramme of the test-solution and measurement of the antibiotic concentration with the calibration graph. Comparison of the results of determination of the oleandomycin levels in oleandomycin phosphate drugs and fermentation broth filtrates with the polarographic and micro-biological methods revealed no systematic deviations and showed that the average casual deviation between the results was due only to the errors of the methods reproducibility. PMID- 7325617 TI - [Comparison of the antimicrobial properties of catamin AB and rockal and their action on bacterial membrane systems]. AB - The antimicrobial properties of two cationic detergents, i.e. rockal, an antiseptic made in England and catamine AB, its analog made in the USSR were compared. It was found that catamine AB and rockal did not practically differ by their bacteriostatic and mycostatic activities with respect to collection and clinical strains of bacteria with multiple resistance to antibiotics. Both detergents were shown to be identical by their membranotropic activity and thus catamine AB may be used instead of rockal as an antiseptic. PMID- 7325618 TI - [Stability of polyene antibiotic solutions and the process of zone formation in their gel diffusion]. PMID- 7325619 TI - [Effect of tetracycline on the immune and hematopoietic systems of intact rabbits]. AB - Tetracycline was administered orally in daily doses of 20 or 40 mg to 50 practically healthy male chinchilla rabbits weighing 2-2.5 kg. The thymus, appendage, spleen, ileocecal, mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes, bone marrow and peripheral blood were examined with the methods of morpho- cytometry. To verify the data the nonparametric criterion U of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitny and the Student criterion were used. The mean curves reflecting the reaction level in the peripheral immunity system as a whole were plotted with the use of graphical analysis. It was found that tetracycline in doses of 20 and 40 mg induced a significant change in both the central and the peripheral immunity organs. Two trends in the development of the reaction in the system of immunogenesis were observed: (a) activation, transformation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells and (b) destruction of the cells, particular by transforming and proliferating cells. This gave rise to the depletion of the immunity system which was intensified if the drug was used for a prolonged period of time and in higher doses. PMID- 7325620 TI - [Selection of the productive variants in a culture of Streptomyces olivoreticuli 16749, the producer of olivomycin]. PMID- 7325621 TI - [Antibacterial preparation sensitivity of staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the male genitalia]. AB - The data on the drug sensitivity of 517 staphylococcal strains isolated from the prostate secretion, separate contents of the right and left seminal vesicles, ejaculate and urine of 250 male patients with inflammatory diseases of the genitalia are presented. It is shown that aminoglycoside antibiotics, rifampicin, lincomycin and nitrofurans are the drugs of choice in the treatment of such patients. The resistance of the staphylococcal strains to 14 main antibacterial drugs widely used in the clinical practice was studied for a period of 1971- 1978. It was found that the number of the staphylococcal cultures resistant to the drugs except furagin increased. The increase in the resistance level to ampicillin, erythromycin oleandomycin, kanamycin, nevigramon and biseptol was the highest. 95.7 +/- 2.2 per cent of the staphylococcal strains were polyresistant. PMID- 7325622 TI - [Reserve potentials of hematopoietic tissue in animals in the period of recovery of the blood morphological composition after carminomycin administration]. AB - The reserve potentialities of the hematopoietic tissue were studied on 216 albino noninbred rats with the use of various models of the hemopoiesis compensation and functional strain and morphofunctional methods 30 days after the treatment with carminomycin. It was shown that compensation potentialities of the bone marrow granulocytic fiber by the moment of the reduction of the quantitative and morphological composition of the white blood after the antibiotic treatment were characterized by complete depletion of the granulocytic capillary pool and decreased granulocyte reserve of the bone marrow. The treatment with the antibiotic resulted in a decreased erythropoietic reaction (as compared to the control) to the acute blood loss evident from suppressed activity of the bone marrow by the 24th--48th hour, decreased rates of the erythroid element proliferation, lower rates of the reticulocyte "washings" into the blood channel, decreased 24-hour production of the erythrocytes and a more pronounced decrease in the hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels in the early periods after the anemization. The blood loss had no significant effect on the proliferating activity of the granulocytic element of the bone marrow and induced no development of the posthemorrhagic leucocytosis. The reaction of the hemopoietic thrombocytic growing fiber to the anemic stress in the experimental animals was not adequate. It was characterized by the development of pronounced thrombocytopenia and impairment of normal thrombocyte formation in the bone marrow. PMID- 7325623 TI - [Interaction of the antitumor antibiotic olivomycin with Mg2+ ions]. AB - The study on the mechanisms of olivomycin and olivin interaction with the magnesium ions showed that formation of the olivomycin complexes with Mg2+ involved 2 stages. At the first (rapid) stage Mg2+ is attached to keto-oxygen of the aglycone polycyclic part. At the second (slow) stage the complex is relaxed into the stable state with a more compact configuration. the equilibrium constants (Ce) of the main processes of olivomycin and olivin interaction with Mg2+ were determined. In the first case Ce = 3 . 10(3) M+1 and in the second case Ce = 1.6 . 10(2) M-1. It was shown that the geometric and optic characteristics of the complexes were consistently related: formation of the stable complex was accompanied by a 10-time decrease in the fluorescence quantum efficiency. PMID- 7325624 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on benzylpenicillin penetration across the hemato encephalic barrier and on the clinical course and outcome of meningococcal meningitis]. AB - It was shown experimentally on rabbits and clinically in patients with meningococcal meningitis that glucocorticoids had no direct effect on penetration of penicillin through the hematoencephalic barrier. A decrease in the penicillin concentration in the liquor correlated with a decrease in the inflammation level of the meninges under the effect of a long-term (more than 3--4 days) corticosteroid therapy. As a result the penicillin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (0.09--0.4 units/ml) could not provide, in some cases, the bactericidal effect on the low sensitive meningococcal strains which induced protracted sanation of the liquor, slow progression of the diseases and worse outcomes. A short-term treatment with glucocorticoids (1--2 days) had a significant detoxifying effect without prolongation of the inflammation periods in the tissues of the central nervous system and did not make worse the disease outcomes according to the clinical and electroencephalographic data. When the use of glucocorticoids is required for a long period of time, it is advisable to increase the penicillin daily dose to 500 000 units per 1 kg of the body weight. PMID- 7325625 TI - [Sulfadimethoxine pharmacokinetics in chronic nephritis with nephrotic syndrome]. AB - Sulfadimethoxine excreted more rapidly in patients with chronic nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome than in subjects of the control group. Increased elimination of sulfadimethoxine from the blood of the persons with the kidney diseases was due to decreased reabsorption of the drug in the kidney tubules and increased rates of the drug biotransformation because of decreased binding by the blood serum proteins. PMID- 7325626 TI - Intraventricular levels of amikacin after intravenous administration. AB - Serum and ventricular fluid pharmacokinetic data for amikacin were evaluated prospectively in 10 hydrocephalic children with suspected ventriculitis. After the fourth or fifth intravenous 7.5-mg/kg dose of amikacin given every 8 h, mean peak serum levels were 24.3 +/- 3.2 microgram/ml (achieved at 0.5 h) with a calculated half-life of 2.2 +/- 1.1 h. Mean peak ventricular fluid levels in five patients with bacterial infection were 6.1 +/- 2.0 microgram/ml (achieved at 3 h). In the remaining five patients without bacterial ventriculitis, very low levels (less than or equal to 0.7 microgram/ml) of amikacin were detected. Ventricular fluid pleocytosis was directly correlated and glucose levels were inversely correlated with penetration of amikacin. Systemic therapy with amikacin may be the treatment of choice for children with ventriculitis meningitis caused by bacteria which are highly susceptible to this drug, thereby permitting the avoidance of the potentially hazardous intraventricular route of administration. PMID- 7325627 TI - Influence of age on tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with normal renal function. AB - The influence of age on tobramycin half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance was examined in 77 patients with infections due to gram-negative bacteria. All patients had normal renal function and hematocrits, were within 20% of their ideal body weight, did not receive penicillin antibiotics concurrently, and had a fever. Twenty-five patients were between 20 and 39 years of age, 23 patients were 40 to 59 years old, and 29 patients were in the age group 60 to 79 years. The mean half-lives were 2.3, 2.2, and 2.4 h, respectively, for the three age groupings. The average clearance and volume of distribution terms were, respectively, 1.34 ml/min per kg and 0.25 liter/kg for the younger group, 1.44 ml/min per kg and 0.26 liter/kg for the middle age group, and 1.25 ml/min per kg and 0.25 liter/kg for the older group. There was no significant difference among the three groups for any of the parameters (P less than 0.05, analysis of variance). Correlation coefficients determined from individual plots of the three pharmacokinetic parameters versus age revealed no correlation between any parameter and age. Forty-five percent of the patients required doses greater than the recommended maximum (5 mg/kg per day) to achieve desired steady-state concentrations. Since tobramycin pharmacokinetics do not change as age increased, doses do not need to be arbitrarily changed in older patients with normal renal function. PMID- 7325628 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria. AB - Several new beta-lactam antimicrobial agents have been introduced in the last few years. In this investigation, the in vitro activities of several recently introduced cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftizoxime), moxalactam, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were compared with those of cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 203 strains of anaerobic bacteria. At achievable serum levels, all of the antimicrobial agents were active against essentially 100% of the strains of anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Clostridium perfringens, Leptotrichia buccalis, and species of Selenomonas, Veillonella, and Eubacterium. Clindamycin, metronidazole, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were the most active agents against the Bacteroides fragilis group, inhibiting all strains at concentrations which can be achieved in serum. Of the remaining agents tested against the B. fragilis group, cefoxitin (which required 64 mug/ml to inhibit 90% of the strains) was the most active, followed by cefoperazone (128 mug/ml), cefotaxime (128 mug/ml), moxalactam (128 mug/ml), ceftizoxime (256 mug/ml), and ceftazidime (>256 mug/ml). Important differences in cephalosporin susceptibility among species of the B. fragilis group were observed. Metronidazole and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were the most active drugs against species of clostridia other than C. perfringens; the other antibiotics displayed poor activity, although this is partly due to inclusion of a relatively large number of strains of Clostridium difficile which were very resistant to several of the cephalosporins. Only metronidazole was active against all species of Fusobacterium. Clindamycin and N-formimidoyl thienamycin displayed excellent activity against gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli, requiring 1 mm) and TEA (> 1 mm) depolarized the membrane, increased the membrane resistance and in their presence, outward current pulses evoked action potentials with overshoot. These potential changes were still observed in Na-deficient solution but were abolished in the presence of 3 mm-MnCl(2).3. Caffeine (5 mm) and TEA (1 mm) produced contractions in the intact muscle which were suppressed by procaine (5 10 mm). Caffeine (5 mm) continued to produce contraction even after prolonged exposure to Ca-free solution (containing 2 mm-EGTA) and this contraction was suppressed by procaine (5 mm). On the other hand, the K-induced contraction was rapidly abolished in 0-Ca.4. Electrical stimulation (1 sec) in the presence of TTX (10(-7)m) evoked a contraction. Caffeine (5 mm) and TEA (5 mm) enhanced but procaine (5 mm) suppressed the contraction.5. Chemically skinned smooth muscle cells were prepared by adding saponin, 50 mug/ml., to the relaxing solution. The minimum concentration of free Ca required to evoke contraction in skinned muscle cells was 1-2 x 10(-7)m and the maximum contraction was produced at 10(-5)m. When Ca was replaced with Sr, the above relationship also shifted to the right (ED(50) for Ca is 4.4 x 10(-7)m and that for Sr is 1.5 x 10(-5)m). Treatment with high concentrations of caffeine and procaine had no effect on the pCa-tension relationship.6. Caffeine induced contraction in skinned muscle cells preloaded with Ca, and this contraction was markedly suppressed by procaine (5-10 mm).7. In skinned muscles, depolarization of the internal membrane by replacement of K with choline (116 mm) in the relaxing solution produced contraction, but the amplitude was much smaller than the caffeine-induced contraction.8. The relationship between the amplitude of caffeine-induced contraction and the duration of preincubation in various Ca concentrations was observed in skinned muscles. The minimum concentration of Ca required to produce a subsequent caffeine-induced contraction was itself below threshold for contraction. The results also indicate that the Ca-induced Ca release mechanism appears to modify the amount of Ca stored by preincubation in over 3 x 10(-7)m free Ca.9. When the amount of Ca stored in intact cells was estimated from the caffeine-induced contraction evoked in Ca-free solution following preincubation with Ca, Ca applied simultaneously with procaine increased and Ca with caffeine reduced the Ca stored in the cell. After preincubation in 2.5 mm-[Ca](o) with 1 mm-procaine for 5 min, the amplitude of the subsequently generated caffeine-induced contraction (5 mm) in Ca-free solution (2 min) was much the same as that observed in 118 mm-[K](o).10. The results support the view that the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in the mesenteric artery may be as follows; the Ca inward current generated at the myoplasmic membrane may not directly provide the free Ca required to activate the Ca-receptor of the contractile protein, but the Ca carrying the inward current may first be sequestered inside the cell and activate a Ca release mechanism which in turn leads to contraction. PMID- 7338822 TI - Stromal lactate accumulation can account for corneal oedema osmotically following epithelial hypoxia in the rabbit. AB - 1. The mechanism underlying stromal oedema subsequent to epithelial hypoxia was investigated in isolated rabbit corneas. 2. Stromas swelled about 20 micrometer following a 1 hr period of tear side hypoxia in both whole corneal isolates and in preparations in which fluid movement across the endothelium was blocked with silicone oil. In the experiments using whole corneas, stromal thickness was independent of tear side oxygen tension as long as aqueous humour PO2 was greater than 40 mmHg. 3. Neither epithelial thickness nor epithelial electrical resistance, a measure of total ion permeability, was significantly affected by blocking respiration. 4. A 10 degrees C reduction in corneal temperature markedly reduced the rate of hypoxic swelling, suggesting the involvement of a metabolism dependent hydrating process and implicating the stromal accumulation of a catabolyte. 5. When CN- was used to mimic the hypoxic effect in isolated whole corneas, the passive 36Cl unidirectional flux was unaffected, but lactate production rate and stromal [lactate] more than doubled. 6. These measurements were used with a mathematical model for corneal hydration dynamics to examine the causes of hypoxic oedema. The principal conclusions were: epithelial hypoxia enhances epithelial lactate production and release to the stroma; this process causes an increase in stromal lactate concentration and a decrease in stromal NaCl concentration (primarily through dilution); stromal lactate accumulation exceeds in osmotic load and dilutional effect on [NaCl], producing stromal oedema. Whereas hypoxia produces corneal metabolic acidosis, effects on endothelial permeability of HCO3- transport need not be postulated to explain the stromal oedema that results from hypoxia. PMID- 7338825 TI - Initial human trials with an investigational new drug (phase I and 2): planning an management. PMID- 7338824 TI - A study of renal-efferent neurones and their neural connexions within cat renal ganglia using intracellular electrodes. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made, in vitro, fron neurones located within left renal ganglia and left coeliac ganglia of cat solar plexus. 2. Forty-three percent of the neurones of the renal ganglia tested were identified by antidromic activation as renal-efferent neurones. 3. Electrical stimulation of all nerve trunks emanating from renal ganglia, other than the renal nerves, did not antidromically activate renal ganglia neurones. Neurones not antidromically activated were designated as non-efferent neurones. 4. Neurones within the renal ganglia were also characterized as phasic or tonic neurones depending on their pattern of discharge. 5. Electrical stimulation of renal nerves produced excitatory synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) in 18% of the renal-efferent neurones. 6. Compounded e.p.s.p.s were produced in 50% of the renal ganglia neurones tested by stimulation of the ipsilateral splanchnic nerves and in 84% of the neurones upon stimulation of the vertebral nerve. 7. Synaptic responses demonstrating characteristics typical of those induced by activation of multisynaptic neural pathways were produced upon stimulation of renal and coeliac nerves. 8. The results of this study indicate that the electrophysiological properties of renal efferent neurones vary considerably from neurone to neurone and that these neurones receive synaptic inputs from a variety of preganglionic fibres and possibly from other neurones having their soma located within the solar plexus. PMID- 7338827 TI - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-an opportunistic pathogen. PMID- 7338826 TI - Surgery of carotid bifurcation. PMID- 7338828 TI - Depersonalization: (A phenomenological study in psychiatric patients). PMID- 7338829 TI - Heterozygous beta thalassemia with an intermediate severity: (a report of 11 cases). PMID- 7338830 TI - Giant pelvi-ureteric diverticulum presenting as ascites: (a case report). PMID- 7338831 TI - Neurosyphilis-an unusual presentation: (a case report). PMID- 7338832 TI - Foreign bodies in the biliary stones: (a case report). PMID- 7338834 TI - Concentration of 239,240Pu in human autopsy tissues. Preliminary report of a comparative study on different populations. PMID- 7338833 TI - Splenic cysts: (report of 2 cases and review of the literature). PMID- 7338835 TI - Effect of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine and 2-aminoethyl isothiuronium bromide hydrobromide on leucocytes in peripheral blood after gamma ray exposure in mice. PMID- 7338836 TI - Recovery of haemopoietic stem cells of W/Wv mice after irradiation: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 7338839 TI - Radiation-induced alterations in splenic acid phosphatase of pigeons. PMID- 7338837 TI - Effect of polymeric plutonium on the hematopoietic activity in the bone marrow of mice. PMID- 7338838 TI - Tritium incorporation in rats chronically exposed to tritiated food or tritiated water for three successive generations. PMID- 7338840 TI - Effects of cell concentrations on the survival and repopulation of haemopoietic stem cells in irradiated bone marrow cell culture in vitro. PMID- 7338841 TI - Mortality statistics among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture, 1968 1972. PMID- 7338842 TI - X-ray, UV and chemical mutagen sensitivities of skin fibroblasts from patients with familial and chromosome 13q- retinoblastomas. PMID- 7338843 TI - [Radiology seminar, Paris, 5 November 1980: Irradiation of the patient during diagnostic procedures]. PMID- 7338845 TI - [Irradiation of the patient during diagnostic procedures. Comparison of an equivalent dose of x-rays during diagnostic procedures with the equivalent dose of gamma-rays or natural radiation]. PMID- 7338846 TI - [Radiodiagnosis in the pregnant woman]. PMID- 7338844 TI - [Dose, volume and time]. PMID- 7338847 TI - [Radiation risk in infants and children]. PMID- 7338848 TI - [Intensive and repetitive radiological examinations. Evaluation of abdominal and gonadal irradiation]. PMID- 7338849 TI - [Systemic dosimetric study of radiological examinations using intra-venous urography]. PMID- 7338850 TI - [The healthy subject and mass screening]. PMID- 7338852 TI - [Evaluation of decreasing radiation using 105 mm ampliphotography in digestive radiology]. PMID- 7338851 TI - [Technological developments and irradiation in radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 7338853 TI - [Technological mutations and reduction of radiation to the patient in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7338854 TI - [Quality control of x-ray equipment]. PMID- 7338855 TI - [Measurement of doses in radiodiagnosis and tomodensitometry]. PMID- 7338856 TI - [An example of technical development. Determination of tension and filtration by measurements in a beam]. PMID- 7338858 TI - [How to combat routinely injurious radiation in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7338857 TI - [How to combat routinely injurious radiation in radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 7338859 TI - [Regulating measures concerning radioprotection of the patient]. PMID- 7338860 TI - [Evolution of medical radiology]. PMID- 7338861 TI - [Must irradiation be regulated on a national scale?]. PMID- 7338862 TI - [Risks posed by irradiation of the patient during diagnostic procedures. Myths and realities]. PMID- 7338863 TI - Dietary supplements in pregnancy. PMID- 7338865 TI - Illness among doctors. PMID- 7338864 TI - Is there a doctor in the house? PMID- 7338866 TI - The health and health care of doctors. AB - A postal survey of 1,500 doctors who had qualified between 1935 and 1959 and were in active practice in Great Britian elicited 988 replies (a 66 per cent response rate). Nine hundred and thirty-two of the replies were suitable for analysis. There were few differences between hospital doctors and general practitioners in reported medical histories: respiratory tuberculosis had occurred more often among hospital doctors; other respiratory diseases were slightly more common among general practitioners, as were diseases of the digestive tract.The view held by some members of the profession that doctors receive poor medical care was not confirmed. There is, however, cause for disquiet at the possible consequences of self-treatment and the financial implications of illness. PMID- 7338867 TI - Moneymed: a game to develop management skills in general practice. AB - A game has been developed to train people in the financial and administrative skills needed for effective general practice management. These skills cover a wide range of legal, economic, administrative and personnel problems encountered in general practice. Thirty-four trainees and six trainers showed a highly significant improvement in knowledge and problem-solving skills after playing the game. The format and design of the game allow the problem type, complexity and solution to vary and to be readily updated. So far, this seems to be one of the most effective instruments yet developed for learning these skills. PMID- 7338868 TI - Pets, pica, pathogens and pre-school children. AB - The incidence of pica in pre-school children was investigated by studying 192 children attending a general paediatric hospital clinic and 69 attending a general practice surgery. The incidence of pica was twice as common in those who kept pets in both study groups. Half of the pet-keeping children with pica had eaten their pet's food. Imitative behaviour is suggested as a probable cause. Pet keeping compounds a child's risk of infestation not only by providing close contact with a reservoir of enteropathogens but also by encouraging pica. PMID- 7338869 TI - Familial ovarian cancer. How rare is it? AB - This paper reports an apparently hereditary ovarian carcinoma in the authors' family. A grandmother, her daughter and five granddaughters have been affected. Three of the granddaughters were sisters. The mode of transmission appears to be autosomal dominant, with males capable of being carriers. Present methods of record-keeping make it difficult to link affected females in a family. Further studies are required to find the true incidence of familial ovarian cancer. PMID- 7338870 TI - Kinship and friendship networks and women's demand for primary care. AB - Women's perceptions of illness are examined and the effects of lay consultations and social networks on the use of general practitioner services are explored.A sample of 79 women aged 16-44 from a new estate in London completed six-week health diaries and were subsequently interviewed. Symptoms were recorded in the diaries one day in every three, and the ratio of medical consultations to symptom episodes was 1:18. Nearly three quarters of the symptom episodes that precipitated a medical consultation during the diary period were discussed first with someone who was non-medical. There was an average of 11 lay consultations for every medical consultation. Married women were most likely to consult with their husbands, and single and separated or divorced women with their mothers. The second most popular category of lay consultant, regardless of marital status, was female friends. Type of symptom seemed to have little effect on who was consulted.Large, active kinship networks appeared to predispose women to consult their general practitioners; large, active friendship networks seemed to have an opposite, if less decisive, effect. We speculate that discussions of symptoms with kin may be intense and protracted and lead to kin referrals to general practitioners. On the other hand, discussions with friends may be more casual and result in symptoms being redefined as unimportant and less in need of medical attention. PMID- 7338871 TI - Antenatal memories and psychopathology. AB - A case is described of suicidal impulses apparently stemming from the patient's experience before and during his birth. By using a technique of ;rebirthing', antenatal memories were relived and their traumatic effects resolved. Theoretical and practical accounts of rebirthing are given, and its significance for general practitioners is discussed. PMID- 7338872 TI - Adverse drug reactions. PMID- 7338874 TI - Intrauterine transfusion under sonographic guidance. PMID- 7338873 TI - The inhibitory effect of ethanol on oxytocin-induced labor at term. AB - Intravenous ethanol infusion significantly reduced oxytocin-induced uterine activity in pregnant patients at term. The dose response to oxytocin was linear when plotted log2 x in all patients studied, and the line was shifted to the right by alcohol, but the slope remained essentially unchanged. These results suggest that alcohol directly inhibits the effect of oxytocin on the myometrium, although the possibility of some central inhibition of oxytocin release cannot be discounted. PMID- 7338875 TI - Egg transport and postcoital isthmic contractility in the rabbit. AB - Both pre- and postcoital isthmic contractility were recorded in vivo in the rabbit by using balloon-ended catheters, filled with fluid and placed in the isthmic lumen of the oviduct. Autopsy was performed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours postcoitum (PC). Segmental flushing of the contralateral oviducts correlated isthmic contractility with egg transport. At 12 and 24 hours PC, when the majority of eggs reached the ampulla, the isthmic activity increased, involving both active contractions and resting pressure fluctuation. This active pattern caused an increase in the isthmic intraluminal pressure on occlusion of the isthmus and retention of the eggs at the ampullary-isthmic junction. At 48 hours PC, when the majority of eggs were in the distal isthmus, there were a uniformly low amplitude and highly frequent resting pressure fluctuations without any active contractions. Such a pattern reduced the isthmic luminal diameter, with subsequent isthmic egg locking. At 72 hours PC, when the eggs were transported to the uterus, complete cessation of the isthmic contractility, including resting pressure fluctuations, was associated with abrupt and remarkable alterations in the resting baseline. Since the estimated diameter of the egg, with its mucin coat, was bigger than that of the resting isthmus, the eggs initiated their own transport through the isthmus by stretching the adjacent walls. PMID- 7338876 TI - Hygroma cervicis. Antepartum ultrasonic findings. PMID- 7338878 TI - Laser treatment of condylomata acuminata in pregnancy. AB - A young patient in the third trimester of pregnancy had massive condylomata acuminata, successfully treated with the carbon dioxide laser. Lack of postoperative pain and of vulvar edema, minimal blood loss and easy vaginal delivery at term were significant factors in this case. PMID- 7338877 TI - Unilateral renal agenesis associated with vaginal or cervical fistula and anomalous uterine development. AB - Two patients with unexplained profuse vaginal discharge were noted to have anomalous uterine development associated with renal agenesis. Fistulous communication between a mesonephric duct remnant and the vagina or cervix was noted as the cause of the discharge. A previous report by one of the authors described two similar cases. Physicians should be alert to this syndrome as a cause of leukorrhea. PMID- 7338879 TI - Vasa previa. Case report, review and presentation of a new diagnostic method. AB - The antepartum diagnosis of vasa previa has always been exceedingly difficult. A case report demonstrates the diagnostic value of hemoglobin electrophoresis on vaginal blood, a novel application of routine laboratory technique. Antepartum fetal monitoring (nonstress test [NST] and contraction stress test [CST]) in the presence of significant fetal anemia is of limited diagnostic value. The need for prompt neonatal care to salvage the compromised fetus is stressed. PMID- 7338880 TI - Severe pelvic inflammatory disease and peritonitis following Falope Ring tubal ligation. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and peritonitis following Falope Ring tubal ligation is described. Pelvic viscera appeared normal at the time of laparoscopy. Severe pelvic inflammatory disease and peritonitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with significant abdominal pain following Falope Ring tubal ligation. The problem of serious pelvic infection following Falope Ring tubal ligation is reviewed. PMID- 7338881 TI - Complete transurethral inversion of the urinary bladder. PMID- 7338882 TI - Diabetic halo. A reversible ultrasonic sign. AB - Two pregnant women with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus were noted to have "edematous" fetuses on ultrasonography. There was abdominal wall "edema" in one and scalp "edema" in both fetuses. In light of what is known about the fetal body composition in diabetic pregnancies, we propose that this sonographic appearance reflects increased fat deposition, rather than accumulation of edema fluid, in the fetal subcutaneous tissue; it has been called "diabetic halo." In a patient who had been treated for eight weeks but not in another, in whom treatment was only for 1.5 weeks, these sonographic features were reversed. This is probably in decreased fat deposition in the fetus. We suggest that this ultrasonographic sign be added to our means of diagnosing uncontrolled diabetic pregnancies and of monitoring the degree of control in diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 7338883 TI - Defective activation of the alternative pathway of complement in two brothers with ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - Two brothers with ataxia-telangiectasia and recurrent respiratory tract infections are presented. Immunological investigations showed normal immunoglobulin levels (except for the absence of IgA in one child) with absence of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody response to inactivated influenza virus vaccine, normal total lymphocyte counts with decreased T cell numbers, absence of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to PPD, in vitro unresponsiveness of T lymphocytes to PHA with presence of a serum inhibitor able to depress normal lymphocyte transformation, and normal phagocytosis and killing of Staph. aureus by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Complete complement screening revealed a non-functioning alternative pathway in both brothers. The presence of normal factor B lytic activity after isoelectrofocusing the serum and inhibition of the lytic activity of purified components with the patients' serum raised the possibility of a serum inhibitor. The nature of this was not elucidated but it may be one of the reasons why patients with ataxia-telangiectasia have an increased incidence of infections. PMID- 7338884 TI - A specific type of dislipidaemia-a complex between monotypic immunoglobulins and lipids. AB - Some bibliographic data suggest that serum lipids bound to monotypic immunoglobulins (Ig-s)could represent one specific type of dislipidaemia in man. In this paper 5 cases confirming such a suggestion are described. After agarose gel electrophoresis lipids bound to monotypic Ig-s moved as one separate lipoprotein category clearly different from alpha and beta lipoproteins. The electrophoretic mobility of Ig-s binding lipids was not always the same and depended on the immunochemical isotype of Ig (fig. 2). The lipid concentration in the sera, containing lipid bound Ig-s was found to be very low (table 1). Both neutral lipids and phospholipids were extracted from the isolated monotypic Ig-s (figs 4 and 5, table 2). PMID- 7338885 TI - Complement fixing properties of antibodies to double-stranded DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Anti-DNA antibodies were assessed in 33 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by the immunofluorescence Crithidia luciliae (CL) and the Farr assays. Eleven patients demonstrated complement (C3) fixation in the CL assay. Although 6 out of 9 patients with active nephritis showed complement fixation, 6 patients without overt renal disease were also positive in this assay. The ability to fix C3 was strongly associated with the total amount of anti-DNA antibodies as determined by both the CL and Farr assays (P less than 0.001). IgM anti-DNA antibodies were detected only in sera with complement fixing anti-DNA antibodies. Isolated whole IgG, but not the F(ab')2 fragment containing anti-DNA activity, fixed C3 on the Crithidia substrate. In depletion and reconstitution studies with human complement components, it was established that anti-DNA antibodies fixed C3 through the classical complement pathway although factors B and D of the alternative pathway were effective in C3 amplification. Properdin was also detected on the antigen-antibody complex but did not appear to be essential for maximal C3 fixation. Anti-DNA antibodies therefore fix complement by their Fc portion, form a classical pathway convertase, and recruit factors B and D of the C3b amplification loop when they bind to a fixed antigen. PMID- 7338886 TI - Body and organ weights in relation to age and sex in Macaca mulatta. PMID- 7338887 TI - Locomotor balance performance of short-tailed squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7338888 TI - Pregnancy diagnosis in Macaca fascicularis. Hemagglutination inhibition test for urinary chorionic gonadotropin and implantation bleeding. AB - The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Tube Test (SHPT test) was useful for early pregnancy diagnosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Test results were correct in 86.5% of series of four successive urine samples. SHPT test results were not confirmed in 13.5% of series, comprising two (false) negative series in pregnant animals and 13 (false) positive series in nonpregnant animals. In ten of 13 false-positive series, a positive-negative sequence was observed in successive test results, presumably due to a decline in chorionic gonadotropin levels. In all animals with a false-positive SHPT test, early embryonic mortality was most probable, since all showed normal cycling activity immediately afterwards. Postmating bleeding records were not reliable for pregnancy diagnosis. A practical approach for the use of the SHPT test in the individual breeding of monkeys is given. PMID- 7338889 TI - Primigravidity and infant loss in bonnet macaques. PMID- 7338890 TI - Variable Schistosoma intercalatum infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). PMID- 7338891 TI - Inheritance and distribution of human-type A-B-O blood groups in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7338892 TI - Time-course effects of adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists on systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and temperature in conscious squirrel monkeys. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and rectal temperature were measured from conscious, chair-restrained squirrel monkeys prepared with chronically indwelling arterial and venous catheters and temperature probes to determine the magnitude and duration of the effects of acute intravenous injections of propranolol, phentolamine and methyl atropine. The data indicate a predominant influence of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular activity resting squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7338893 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). AB - Glucose intolerance was found in four adult chimpanzees. The response of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon to intravenous glucose and tolbutamide stimulations revealed impaired glucose clearance, deficient pancreatic secretion of insulin and C-peptide, and elevated glucagon levels. Pancreatic islets in a diabetic chimpanzee were hypercellular, possible due to alpha-cells. Minimal or no insulin was observed in beta-cells. Results are consistent with the occurrence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which may be more prevalent in chimpanzees than heretofore suspected. PMID- 7338894 TI - The health-related functions of social support. AB - Social support research has been hampered by a lack of clarity both in the definitions of social support and in the conceptualization of its effects on health outcomes. The present study compared social network size and three types of perceived social support--tangible, emotional, and informational--in relation to stressful life events, psychological symptoms and morale, and physical health status in a sample of 100 persons 45-64 years old. Social network size was empirically separable from, though correlated with, perceived social support and had a weaker overall relationship to outcomes than did support. Low tangible support and emotional support, in addition to certain life events, were independently related to depression and negative morale; informational support was associated with positive morale. Neither social support nor stressful life events were associated with physical health. It was concluded that social support research would benefit from attention to the multidimensionality of support and greater specificity in hypotheses about the relationship between types of support and adaptational outcomes. PMID- 7338895 TI - Evaluation of skin temperature biofeedback training at two different sites for migraine. AB - All combinations of cooling versus warming and finger versus temporal artery were used in the present study, the aim of which was to identify an optimal biofeedback training site and to assess the specific effects of skin temperature biofeedback upon migraine. After an initial 4-week baseline phase, during which daily records of headache activity and medication were kept, 24 migraine patients were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions. Training sessions for all patients were of 50-min duration and occurred once per week for 8 weeks. The headache charts were completed for another 4 weeks after treatment was terminated and again at 6-month follow-up. The results showed significant reductions in migraine activity and drug usage. However, self-regulation of skin temperature in different directions at different sites did not in fact result in significantly different magnitudes of change in migraine activity across groups. The role of nonspecific factors is discussed and a physiological model is proposed to explain how warming and cooling may produce clinical improvement in migraine. PMID- 7338897 TI - Subjective psychological symptoms in outpatient asthmatic adolescents. AB - Outpatient adolescent asthmatics were studied using the Asthma Symptom Checklist (ASC) of Kinsman et al. The study showed that outpatient asthmatic adolescents are similar in many respects to older institutionalized asthmatics, except that in the former, psychological symptoms are more diffuse and recognition of respiratory symptoms is less severe. Further studies are needed to determine which psychological symptoms are most important in predicting prognosis in affected asthmatics or the development of "psychosomatic" asthma. PMID- 7338896 TI - Self-motivation and adherence to therapeutic exercise. AB - Behavioral compliance or adherence is a fundamental problem in health care, and diagnosis of dropout proneness represents a first step in adherence facilitation. A paper-and-pencil scale was developed to assess self-motivation, conceptualized as a behavioral tendency to persevere independent of situational reinforcements. Scale refinement (N = 401) yielded a logically valid and reliable measure with a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.91). Repeated measurements (1 to 5 months) indicated a high degree of scale stability (r's ranged from 0.86 to 0.92), reinforcing the conception of self-motivation as relatively enduring and trait like. Convergent evidence for construct validity was provided by the Self Motivation Inventory's (SMI) relationship with the Thomas--Zander Ego-Strength Scale (r = 0.63) and other more behaviorally specific attitudes (r's ranged from 0.47 to 0.58). Discriminant validity was evidenced by minimal overlap with motivational measures of social desirability, health locus of control, and achievement tendency; in each case, less than 10% of the variance in self motivation was explained. Predictive validity was demonstrated in a variety of naturalistic settings in which perseverant behavior was easily quantified. These included habitual exercise programs for exercise training (N = 64), preventive medicine (N = 66), and acute exercise (N = 48). The diversity of these settings supported the situational invariance of self-motivation. Collectively, these findings provide considerable support for the valid and reliable assessment of self-motivation and for its distinctive utility in enhancing the prediction of perseverant behavior, specifically, adherence to therapeutic exercise. PMID- 7338898 TI - Disulphide bridges in globular proteins. PMID- 7338899 TI - Structure of the active ternary complex of pig heart lactate dehydrogenase with S lac-NAD at 2.7 A resolution. PMID- 7338900 TI - Absence of water at the sixth co-ordination site in ferric Aplysia myoglobin. PMID- 7338901 TI - Structural investigations of influenza B virus. PMID- 7338903 TI - Projected structure of purple membrane determined to 3.7 A resolution by low temperature electron microscopy. PMID- 7338902 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flagellar hook from Caulobacter crescentus. PMID- 7338904 TI - Structure of a B-DNA dodecamer. III. Geometry of hydration. PMID- 7338905 TI - Interaction of hemoglobin with salts. Effects on the functional properties of human hemoglobin. PMID- 7338906 TI - The dimensions of DNA in solution. PMID- 7338907 TI - Amino acid sequence of the coat protein subunit in satellite tobacco necrosis virus. PMID- 7338908 TI - Orientations of the retinyl and the heme chromophores in the brown membrane of Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7338909 TI - Real space refinement of neutron diffraction data from sperm whale carbonmonoxymyoglobin. PMID- 7338910 TI - Porcine platelet tropomyosin. Purification, characterization and paracrystal formation. PMID- 7338911 TI - Neutron-scattering studies of lac repressor: a low-resolution model. PMID- 7338912 TI - Preliminary crystallographic study of macromomycin. PMID- 7338913 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of brome mosaic virus RNA3. PMID- 7338914 TI - Location and orientation of the chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin. Analysis by fluorescence energy transfer. PMID- 7338915 TI - Purification and crystallization of protein complex from Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosomes. PMID- 7338916 TI - Studies on cobalt myoglobins and hemoglobins. XV. Thermodynamic properties of oxygen equilibrium of cobalt hemoglobin. PMID- 7338917 TI - Methyl esterification of m7G5'p reversibly blocks its activity as an analog of eukaryotic mRNA 5'-caps. PMID- 7338918 TI - Sequential polymerization of flagellin A and flagellin B into Caulobacter flagella. PMID- 7338919 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data for parvalbumin IIIf of Opsanus tau. PMID- 7338920 TI - Genetic and physical mapping of the late region of bacteriophage T7 DNA by use of cloned fragments of T7 DNA. PMID- 7338921 TI - DNA sequence of the tail fibre genes 36 and 37 of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7338922 TI - Requirement of divalent cations for fast exchange of actin monomers and actin filament subunits. PMID- 7338923 TI - Identification and mass analysis of human fibrinogen molecules and their domains by scanning transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 7338924 TI - Structure of Limulus telson muscle thick filaments. PMID- 7338925 TI - Glycerol conformation and molecular packing of membrane lipids. The crystal structure of 2,3-dilauroyl-D-glycerol. PMID- 7338926 TI - Polar group interaction and molecular packing of membrane lipids. The crystal structure of lysophosphatidylethanolamine. PMID- 7338927 TI - Sequences of three class II promoters for the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. PMID- 7338928 TI - The rat as a model for human toxicological evaluation. PMID- 7338929 TI - Effects of exposure to peroxyacetyl nitrate on susceptibility to acute and chronic bacterial infection. AB - A significant increase in mortality due to acute respiratory pneumonia caused by inhalation of Streptococcus pyogenes aerosol was seen after a single 3-h exposure of mice to 14.8-28.4 mg/m3 peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The excess mortality ranged from 8 to 39% and the decrease in survival time from 2.4 to 7.9 d. A single exposure to 25.0 mg/m3 PAN resulted in a significant increase in total number of cells lavaged from the lungs but somewhat decreased levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in alveolar macrophages. Exposure to 7.4 mg/m3 PAN for 3 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 2 wk resulted in a reduced total count of free pulmonary cells and a significant reduction of ATP levels in alveolar macrophages but had no effect on mortality or survival rate. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the respiratory tract after both single and multiple exposures to PAN showed raised and sloughing nonciliated cells in the nasal cavities and tracheas and presence of excess mucus. Six daily 3-h exposures to 25.0 mg/m3 PAN did not produce any marked changes in a chronic respiratory infection in mice as measured by Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung titers. PMID- 7338930 TI - Toxicological effects of sodium selenite in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Acute and chronic effects of Se as sodium selenite given as a supplement in the drinking water of Sprague-Dawley rats for 35 d, 1 yr, and 2 yr are compared. For the 35-d study the experimental groups were untreated controls and rats supplemented with 1, 4, 8, 16, and 64 ppm Se. Survival was 100% in the control and 1 and 4 ppm groups, decreased in the 8 and 16 ppm groups, and was zero in the 64 ppm group. Body weights increased and were equivalent in the control and 1 and 4 ppm groups and substantially decreased in the 16 and 64 ppm groups., Serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increased with 16 ppm Se and higher supplements. Se toxicity was apparent in microscopic pathology showing liver congestion, fatty degeneration of parenchymal cells, and necrosis. In the chronic studies untreated controls are compared with rate receiving 4 ppm Se in the drinking water. In general, the weight gains throughout were equivalent for both groups. The 1-yr survival in each was above 90% and the 2-yr survival above 50%. With increased age there was a slight reduction in hemoglobin and white blood cells. The latter effect was greater in Se-treated then in control rats. Several serum components were equivalent in both groups, including alkaline and acid phosphatase, SGOT, protein, glucose, and sialic acid. Liver glutathione peroxidase was half and Se levels in the Se-treated rats were twice those in the controls. Data are presented for male rats in the chronic study with occasional reference to data on females. The parameters measured in the chronic study are highly dependent on the age of the rat when Se-supplemented drinking water is initiated. PMID- 7338931 TI - Toxicological effects of sodium selenite in Swiss mice. AB - Se as sodium selenite was administered by gavage (three consecutive times) and as drinking water supplements for 46 d to male and female Swiss mice. With respect to survival in 7-wk-old mice, Se was less toxic in males than in females when gavaged. Drinking water supplements of 1-64 ppm Se resulted in 1 male and 1 female death in mice first given Se at 7 wk of age. Se supplements to the drinking water of adult (18-wk-old) mice was less toxic in females. All young (7 wk-old) and adult (18-wk-old) mice provided 1-16 ppm Se in the drinking water survived the 46-d treatment, but in adult mice 64 ppm Se significantly reduced survival. Only 64 ppm Se supplements caused a sharp reduction in body weight in young and adult mice of both sexes. Supplements of 1-8 ppm Se in all mice elicited growth responses similar to those of untreated controls. Occasional liver and kidney congestion, liver necrosis, parenchymal cell degeneration, and bile duct proliferation were observed in control and treatment groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increased with 32 ppm Se and higher supplements. Survival, growth, serum enzymes, and pathology were normal in untreated controls and in mice of growth ages and sexes give 1, 4, and 8 ppm Se supplements. A chronic toxicity study was conducted in female Swiss mice given 1, 4, and 8 ppm Se supplements for 50 wk. The survival of Se-treated groups was more than 90% and that of controls was only 72% after 50 wk. All mice gained weight, but the group treated with 8 ppm Se gained half as much as other groups. Both liver Se and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in Se-treated mice compared to controls at 25 and 50 wk. A reduced white blood cell count and increased alkaline phosphatase and SGOT suggested a mild toxic effect of the 8 ppm Se supplement in the chronic study. PMID- 7338932 TI - Effects of microsomal induction and inhibition on styrene-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. AB - Administration of a single high dose of styrene (878 mg/kg ip in corn oil) to young male rats produced significant elevations in the activities of serum transaminases: 230, 209, and 71% increases in the activity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and 163, 437, and 227% in that of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) at 2, 6, and 24 h, respectively, after the dose. These results demonstrated that styrene could produce acute hepatic injury in young rats. Urinary nonprotein sulfhydryl contents and mandelic, phenylglyoxylic, and hippuric acids were all increased. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene did not further enhance the activities of SGOT and SGPT after styrene, but produced changes in other biochemical parameters, for example, an increase in liver weight, decrease in serum albumin and globulin concentrations, increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity at 2 and 6 h, and increase in urinary urobilinogen concentrations. In addition, such pretreatments further increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl contents at 2 and 6 h after styrene injection. Pretreatment of rats with the microsomal enzyme inhibitor SKF 525-A failed to prevent the hepatotoxicity induced by styrene and did not modify the overall urinary excretion profiles of styrene metabolites. This study suggests that the mechanism of the activation/deactivation process leading to the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of styrene is complex and that alternative pathways not dependent on cytochrome P-450 might also be involved. PMID- 7338933 TI - Plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of bromosulfophthalein in styrene treated and styrene oxide-treated rats. AB - Treatment with a single ip dose of styrene (908 mg/kg) 5 h before iv injection of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) (50 mg/kg) in rats resulted in (1) a decrease (approximately 30%) in biliary flow during 10-25 min but an increase in such flow during 60-90 min after the BSP dose, (2) a delay in cumulative excretion (approximately 50%) of BSP in bile during 5-60 min (but the latter became close to the control value after 75 min, and (3) no change in plasma disappearance of BSP. The first two effects seemed to depend on the dose of styrene. After pretreatment (2 h) with styrene oxide (375 mg/kg ip), a greater diminution of bile flow (approximately 50%) and of cumulative excretion of BSP was observed during the entire 5-90 min of bile collection after BSP administration, but the plasma disappearance of BSP remained unaffected. These results suggest that intrahepatic metabolism (and not hepatic uptake) of BSP and/or its transport from liver to bile are impaired after styrene- or styrene oxide-induced liver injury. PMID- 7338934 TI - Delayed toxicity and delayed neurotoxicity of phosphonothioate and phosphonothioate esters. AB - The delayed neurotoxicity to hens and delayed toxicity to rats of the isomeric trimethyl phosphonothioates, trimethyl phosphate, and a series of the methyl and ethyl esters of methyl-, ethyl-, and phenylphosphonate and phosphonothioates were examined. All the O,O-dialkyl phosphonothioates, phosphorothioates, and their corresponding oxons were relatively nontoxic to rats, with oral LD50 values greater than the 150-450 mg/kg tested. The O,S-dialkyl phosphorothioate esters were highly acutely toxic. The rat acute LD50 values for O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothioate and O,S-diethyl ethylphosphonothioate were 3 and 8 mg/kg. O,S-Diethyl ethylphosphonothioate and O,O, S-trimethyl phosphorothioate were the only compounds tested that showed delayed toxicity to rats. The delayed LD50 values for these two compounds were 7 and 15-20 mg/kg, respectively, with rats dying 3-22 d after treatment The delayed toxic effects were associated with continual loss of weight, reaching 18-46% at the time of death. Of this series of compounds, only O,O-diethyl phenylphosphonothioate and its oxon showed delayed neurotoxicity to hens 45 d after treatment. The minimum effective dose for these two compounds was 25 mg/kg.d administered ip for 10 d. These findings suggest that delayed neurotoxicity in hens is not due to the same mechanism as delayed toxicity in rats. PMID- 7338935 TI - Intestinal absorption of nutrients in rats treated with 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). AB - Impairment of active intestinal absorption of glucose and leucine was observed in rats 2-3 wk after oral treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (5 and 100 mg/kg). At the higher dose level used this response was complicated by the effects of severely reduced food consumption. Malabsorption of specific nutrients may help occasion the body wasting seen in many animals after acute exposure to TCDD. PMID- 7338936 TI - Toxicity of bromate to striped bass ichthyoplankton (Morone saxatilis) and juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). AB - Striped bass (Morone saxatillis) eggs (12 h after fertilization) and larvae (4 d after hatching) and juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) were exposed to a series of bromate concentrations for 4, 10, and 10 d, respectively, using static replacement bioassay techniques. Three-dimensional mortality response surfaces were constructed by computerized probit regression techniques. Newly hatched striped bass prolarvae were most sensitive to bromate and had a 96-h LC50 of 30.8 mg/l (as BrO3-). Four-day-old striped bass larvae were less sensitive, with 2- to 10-d LC50s ranging from 605.0 to 92.6 mg/l BrO3-, respectively. Juvenile spot were least sensitive, with 1- to 10-d LC50s ranging from 698.0 to 278.6 mg/l BrO3 , respectively. PMID- 7338937 TI - Computation of ammonium bisulfate aerosol deposition in conducting airways. AB - Experimental measurements of the growth of monodisperse dry NH4HSO4 aerosols by H2O vapor condensation have been reported in the literature. These data are incorporated into an aerosol deposition model to study the behavior of inhaled NH4HSO4 particles, which is of concern in relation to human health. The tracheobronchial tree is described by Weibel's model A morphology, and Landahl's formulas are used to compute particle deposition efficiencies. Enhanced losses in the trachea due to the action of the laryngeal jet are accounted for by using an empirical deposition efficiency equation. The effect of NH4HSO4 aerosol growth is quantitated by comparisons of total and intrabronchial deposition probabilities with those of a nonhygroscopic aerosol of equal aerodynamic size. Computations indicate that hygroscopic growth effects are a function of the size of the particles inhaled. Total deposition efficiencies of NH4HSO4-H2O droplet aerosols are greater than those of nonhygroscopic aerosols only if the former originate from dry NH4HSO4 particles exceeding a critical geometric diamter of 0.3 micrometer. Growth effects are explained in terms of the relative efficiencies of the dominant deposition mechanisms active in the lung. PMID- 7338938 TI - Increased risk of lung cancer in pesticide-exposed male agricultural workers. AB - The cancer morbidity in a large group of male German agricultural workers exposed to pesticides was investigated through a retrospective cohort study. A total of 169 malignant tumors were diagnosed in 1658 men who began to work with pesticides between 1948 and 1972, and who continued this type of activity for at least 5 yr. The SMR (standardized mortality ratio) of 2.0 for lung cancer morbidity (mortality) in these pesticide-exposed subjects was significantly higher than that for the general male population of the German Democratic Republic. A positive correlation between the duration of employment and the mortality due to lung cancer (mainly undifferentiated and small-cell carcinomas) suggested a dose effect relation. The smoking habits of the exposed men did not differ from those of the general male population of the German Democratic Republic. Because the subjects had been exposed to many different substances, the study does not permit any conclusions to be drawn in respect to the carcinogenicity of individual pesticides. The increased mortality due to lung cancer is presumably the result of an additive effect of different pesticide ingredients or of by-products whose carcinogenic effect has been definitely or tentatively established through experimental or epidemiologic studies (e.g. arsenic, asbestos, chlorinated dibenzodioxins, DDT). The results of the present investigation emphasize the need for effective measures to protect workers during occupational contact with pesticides. PMID- 7338939 TI - Early indices of methyl mercury toxicity and their use in treatment evaluation. AB - Mercury distribution, food consumption, body weight, and in vivo protein synthesis were compared as criteria for evaluating the efficacy of D penicillamine (DPA) in treating experimental methyl mercury (MM) intoxication. Female rats were orally administered MM hydroxide at 40 mg/kg and, after a 7- to 8-d latency period, displayed characteristic neurological signs of MM intoxication. Within 24 h of MM exposure food consumption decreased 75% causing a 12-g drop in body weight, and synthesis of whole blood and kidney protein increased. Protein synthesis in liver was increased 39% by MM after 3 d, and that in cerebellum was decreased 15% after 7 d. Treatment with DPA (1.2 g/kg.d sc on d 2, 3, and 4) prevented the appearance of neurological signs. DPA lowered the Hg content of all tissues; restored food consumption of control levels; increased the onset and amount of body weight gain; returned synthesis of blood, liver, and kidney proteins to control levels; and prevented the decrease in protein synthesis in cerebellum. By itself, DPA produced a transitory decrease in both food consumption and body weight, which could be prevented with vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 antagonized DPA's reversal of MM's action on protein synthesis. Furthermore, DPA and/or vitamin B6 had a variety of effects on protein synthesis in control rats. Thus it was not possible to use protein synthesis to predict the efficacy of the combination of DPA and vitamin B6 as found for the parameters of food consumption, body weight, and Hg distribution. Since changes in body weight and food consumption were the earliest and most pronounced and consistent responses to MM and effective DPA treatment, they were considered the best criteria for evaluating treatment efficacy in experimental MM poisoning in rats. PMID- 7338940 TI - Influence of intrauterine position on fetal weight in Dutch belted rabbits. AB - The influence of intrauterine position on fetal body weight was statistically evaluated for 199 Dutch belted rabbit litters from does receiving various treatments during teratological studies. The data consisted of the number, type (live, dead, resorbed), and position of implantation sites in the left and right uterine horns. Body weights of live fetuses were also recorded. No statistically significant relation was found between the number of live, dead, or resorbed fetuses and intrauterine position. An effect related to differences in position between the left and right uterine horns for the proportions of largest fetuses was statistically significant. This uterine horn effect was not seen for the proportions of smallest fetuses. Positional differences within the uterine horns were significant and indicated a decrease in the proportion of largest fetuses and an increase in the proportion of smallest fetuses with increasing position number (ovarian to cervical end). Mean fetal weights differed significantly between the two uterine horns and among positions. There was a monotonic decrease in fetal weight with increasing position number. There were no significant associations between uterine horn or position and mean weight for the largest fetuses, but statistical evidence of the position effect was seen for weights of the smallest fetuses. PMID- 7338941 TI - Effects of long-term exposure to trichloroethylene on the behavior of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Two groups of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were continuously exposed to 150 ppm trichloroethylene (TCE) for 71 and 106 d, respectively. The behavior of the animals was tested in a symmetrical maze baited with sunflower seeds during a period of 23 d, beginning at the end of exposure. One additional group was exposed for 150 d and then allowed 40 d free from exposure before the start of the maze test. Comparisons between the TCE- and air-exposed animals showed differences in the number of correct choices and the number of seeds consumed in the maze, both after 71 and 106 d of exposure and at the end of the 40-d rehabilitation period that followed the 150-d exposure. The results were interpreted in terms of the "emotionality" of the animals. PMID- 7338942 TI - Prenatal toxicology of shale oil retort water in mice. AB - Shale oil retort water, a by-product of the production of oil from shale, potentially amounts to tens of millions of gallons per year and must be treated or recycled with regard for public health. Such retort water was given to 98 female ICR/DUB mice in their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0% for periods up to 203 d. Seven of 75 treated animals developed adenomalike lesions that were not seen in the control animals. These ranged from adenomas and an adenomatoid nodule in the lung to the rectal adenocarcinoma. Although the incidence of adenomalike lesions was not statistically significant, this appearance of neoplasia requires further investigation. Eighty-five animals became pregnant. The proportion of animals pregnant, weights of nonpregnant animals, weight gain during pregnancy, average fetal weight, number of live fetuses per liter, and proportion of male fetuses were unaffected by drinking retort water. Early and late fetal deaths and preimplantation losses were likewise unaffected, except for a significant increase in preimplantation losses in animals consuming 1.0% retort water. A variety of palatal defects were seen in treated animals, however, including single and multiple cleft palates and a defect, to our knowledge not previously reported, in which the posterior portion of one or both palatal shelves appeared not to have formed. The palatal defects, as a group, were dose-dependent and statistically significant. PMID- 7338943 TI - Toxicity of chlorinated phenoxy acids in combination with 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in C57BL/6 male mice. AB - Male C57BL/6 mice were given feed containing various concentrations of 2,4, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to provide daily doses of approximately 40 mg/kg 2,4,-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 2.4 micrograms/kg TCDD (group II): 40 mg/kg 2,3-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 0.16 micrograms/kg TCDD (group III); and 20 mg/kg 2,4-D, 20 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 1.2 micrograms/kg TCDD (group IV). The chemical mixtures were chosen to approximate the concentrations of the components of Herbicide Orange. Controls (group I) were given a diet with only the corn oil vehicle added to the feed. In the treated animals, liver enlargements, hepatocellular toxicity, and reduced thymus size were found an body weight gain was significantly less than that of the control animals. Significant of complete recovery from liver and thymus toxicity was observed when the mice were returned to a control diet. The thymic toxicity and hepatotoxicity seemed to be related to TCDD levels, while the decrease in body weight gain was more closely associated with phenoxy acid concentrations. All effects attributed to the mixture were elicited by individual compounds in the mixture in previous studies. PMID- 7338944 TI - Male fertility, sister chromatid exchange, and germ cell toxicity following exposure to mixtures of chlorinated phenoxy acids containing 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Fertility and sperm number, motility, and morphology were analyzed in male C57BL/6 mice exposed to various mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D), 2,4,5-trichlor-ophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin (TCDD) in the diet for 8 wk. Somatic cell (bone marrow) sister chromatid exchange frequencies were also evaluated in mice injected with similar chemical mixtures. The concentration of the test chemicals was such that the average daily feeding dose in the three mixtures or control was 40 mg/kg 2, 4-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5 T, and 2.4 micrograms/kg TCDD; 40 mg/kg 2,4-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5-T and 0.16 microgram/kg TCDD; 20 mg/kg 2, 4-D, 20 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 1.2 micrograms/kg TCDD; or no chemical added (control). No significant dose-related effects were observed in the treated mice compared to the control group. PMID- 7338945 TI - Development and viability of offspring of male mice treated with chlorinated phenoxy acids and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Male C57BL/6 mice were given feed containing various concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) such that their diets contained daily doses of approximately 40 mg/kg 2,4,-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 2.4 micrograms/kg TCDD (group II); 40 mg/kg 2,4-D, 40 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 0.16 microgram/kg TCDD (group III); or 20 mg/kg 2,4-D, 20 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, and 1.2 micrograms/kg TCDD (group IV). Controls (group I) were given a diet with only the corn oil vehicle added to the feed. At the conclusion of an 8-wk dosing period, treated males cohabited with untreated virgin C57BL/6 female mice. Females were randomly assigned either to undergo teratological examination at 18 d of gestation, when the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations, or to be segregated and allowed to deliver their pups. Live and dead offspring and birth weight were recorded and viability was monitored until postnatal d 21. In both cases, development and survival of offspring in the test groups, whose sire had been treated with the mixture of phenoxy acids and TCDD, were not significantly different from those in the control group, whose sire had received untreated feed. PMID- 7338946 TI - Distribution and elimination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) after single oral exposure in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - The distribution and excretion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) after administration to quails of a single oral dose of 4.5 microCi [14C] HCB per 100 g body weight was studied by whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Radiolabeled HCB was distributed throughout the body in 2 h. Peak levels were found 4-8 d after administration, with the highest concentrations in the subcutaneous and abdominal fat, uropygial gland, bone marrow, adrenals, ovarian stroma, and liver, in that order. After 3 wk, substantial amounts of radiolabeled substance were present only in the adipose tissue and the uropygial gland. The main routes of excretion were the egg yolk, uropygial gland, and bile. About 75% of the administered dose was excreted through the egg yolk and about 25% in the feces. PMID- 7338947 TI - Pathogenesis of nitrogen dioxide-induced respiratory lesions in reference to respiratory clearance of inhaled particulates. AB - The pathogenesis of NO2-induced respiratory disease and the effect of NO2 on respiratory clearance of 51Cr2O3 were studied. Young adult female mice were exposed to a 51Cr2O3 aerosol, followed by a daily exposure to either 30 ppm NO2 for 2 wk or 60 ppm NO2 for 2 wk or a single exposure to 170 ppm NO2. Exposure to 30 ppm NO2 had a minimal histopathologic effect on respiratory tract tissue. Exposure to 60 ppm NO2 produced marked histopathologic effects, which were subsequently resolved. Exposure to 170 ppm NO2 produced permanent histopathologic lesions. In mice exposed to concentrations of NO2 that produced minimal histopathologic effects, respiratory clearance of 51Cr2O3 was similar to that in unexposed mice. When mice were exposed to concentrations of NO2 that produced permanent tissue damage, prolonged impairment of respiratory clearance of 51Cr2O3 was observed, despite resolution of edema produced by inhalation of NO2. At concentrations of NO2 that produced marked edema and histopathologic effects that were resolved despite repeated NO2 exposure, there was an initial marked impairment of respiratory clearance, then an accelerated rate of clearance, and finally a clearance rate similar to that of unexposed mice. The time during which accelerated clearance occurred was well correlated with the time at which the histopathologic lesions was observed to regress. PMID- 7338948 TI - Modification by phenobarbital of chlorphentermine-induced changes in lung morphology and drug-metabolizing enzymes in newborn rats. AB - Treatment of newborn rat pups with 60 mg/kg.d chlorphentermine for 7 d produced on accumulation of alveolar foam cells accompanied by an increase in relative pulmonary tissue weight. In contrast, administration of 20 mg/kg.d for 1 wk did not markedly alter lung ultrastructure or weight in newborns. Both doses of chlorphentermine elevated the activity of pulmonary aminopyrine N-demethylase but not that of aniline hydroxylase. The increase in relative liver weight was associated with stimulation of the activities of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase in newborns administered either chlorphentermine dose. Phenobarbital treatment produced an increase in relative liver weight accompanied by elevated activities of pulmonary aminopyrine N-demethylase and hepatic aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase. Simultaneous barbiturate and chlorphentermine administration produced stimulation in liver enzymes to the same extent as phenobarbital alone. In contrast, phenobarbital potentiated the chlorphentermine-induced rise in pulmonary aminopyrine N-demethylase. In the case of 60 mg/kg chlorphentermine and barbiturate, the observed potentiation of lung enzyme activity was associated with a reduction in the number of alveolar foam cells. The results suggest that chlorphentermine and phenobarbital stimulate drug metabolizing enzyme in lung and liver of newborn rats and that phenobarbital may provide protection against phospholipidosis through stimulation of pulmonary, drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7338949 TI - Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides. AB - Oral doses of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, dicrotophos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, and parathion were administered to mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos), and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for up to 17 d after dosing. In vivo recovery of brain ChE activity to within 2 standard deviations of the mean activity of undosed birds occurred within 8 d, after being depressed an average of 25-58% at 24 h after dosing. In vivo recovery of plasma ChE appeared as fast as or faster than that of brain, but the pattern of recovery was more erratic and therefore statistical comparison with brain ChE recovery was not attempted. In vitro tests indicated that the potential for dephosphorylation to contribute to in vivo recovery of inhibited brain ChE differed among chemical treatments. Some ducklings died as a result of organophosphate dosing. In an experiment in which ducklings within each treatment group received the same dose (mg/kg), the brain ChE activity in birds that died was less than that in birds that survived. Brain ChE activities in ducklings that died were significantly different among pesticide treatments: fensulfothion greater than parathion greater than acephate greater than malathion (p less than or equal to 0.05). PMID- 7338950 TI - Enhancement of experimental atherosclerosis by aspirin. AB - The effect of aspirin on experimentally induced atherosclerosis was studied in rabbits. Rabbits were placed on an atherogenic diet containing either no aspirin or 0.2% aspirin supplement. Control rabbits were fed regular rabbit food or rabbit food supplemented with 0.2% aspirin. Ingestion of aspirin from the diets containing aspirin was equivalent to a daily dose of 100 mg/kg. As expected, 2 mo after the rabbits were placed on the atherogenic diet, extensive atheromatous lesions were observed on gross examination sporadically distributed along the walls of the aorta. The coronary arteries also exhibited atheromatous lesions on microscopic examination. Addition of aspirin to the atherogenic diet intensified the atherosclerosis as measured by proliferation of the intima of the aorta and coronary arteries and increased occurrence and distribution of atheromatous plaques. It is concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, the addition of aspirin to an atherogenic diet greatly intensified atherogenesis. PMID- 7338951 TI - Comparative effects of cadmium, zinc, and lead in vitro on pulmonary, adrenal, and hepatic microsomal metabolism in the guinea pig. AB - The in vitro effects of Cd, Zn, and Pb on pulmonary, adrenal, and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in guinea pigs were compared. Cd and Zn produced concentration-dependent (20-200 microM) decreases in benzphetamine demethylase and biphenyl hydroxylase activities in adrenal, liver, and lung. Pb had no significant effect on either enzyme in any of the tissues studied. Adrenal and pulmonary enzymes were more sensitive to the effects of Cd and Zn than were hepatic enzymes. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities were decreased by Zn, Cd, and Pb in adrenal, liver, and lung microsomes. The inhibitory effect on benzo[a]pyrene and ethoxycoumarin metabolism were far greater than those on benzphetamine or biphenyl metabolism. The relative potencies of the metals as inhibitors of xenobiotic metabolism were Zn greater than Cd greater than Pb. Cd and Zn also inhibited steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in adrenal microsomes, but Pb had no effect on steroid metabolism. In addition, microsomal epoxide hydratase activity in adrenal, liver, and lung was inhibited by Cd but not by Zn or Pb. The results demonstrate that adrenal and pulmonary microsomal enzymes, like those in liver, are inhibited by various metals. Inhibition of mixed-function oxidases by metals in vitro is apparently not related to changes in cytochrome P-450 levels or substrate binding to cytochrome P-450. In addition, the actions of Cd, Zn, and Pb in each tissue are highly dependent on the substrates employed. PMID- 7338952 TI - Systemic absorption of selenious acid and elemental selenium aerosols in rats. AB - Absorption of Se from the nasal passages, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin was studied in Fischer-344 rats. Radiolabeled selenious acid and elemental Se particles were administered by inhalation, gavage, nasal instillation, and iv injection. Selenious acid was always absorbed into the general circulation more rapidly and to a greater extent than elemental Se. By 4 h after inhalation of selenious acid and elemental Se aerosols, 94% of the selenious acid and 57% of the elemental Se deposited in lungs was absorbed into blood. Of the selenious acid instilled into nasal passages, 18% was absorbed into blood; 16% of the elemental Se was absorbed. Gastrointestinal absorption was 87% for selenious acid and 50% for elemental Se. Selenious acid solutions were also painted onto the pelts of rats. From 10 to 30% of the selenious acid was absorbed through the skin. Following inhalation or injection of either Se compound, most of the Se was excreted in the urine. Significantly more Se appeared in feces of animals receiving elemental Se by gavage than animals receiving selenious acid. Results indicate that if people were to absorb inhaled Se from the upper respiratory tract in a manner similar to that of rats, one-third more selenious acid would be absorbed into the general circulation than elemental Se. All Se deposited in the lungs would be absorbed into blood. However, selenious acid would be absorbed more rapidly than elemental Se. PMID- 7338953 TI - Antispermatogenic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate and benzo[a]pyrene in PD4 Lakeview hamsters. AB - Mammalian sperm seems to provide an excellent cell type for monitoring mutagenic and other toxicological damage to the germinal tissue. Studies with mice indicated that most agents known for their mutagenic activity in vivo produced marked elevations in sperm abnormalities. To determine whether this response is typical of other species, groups of inbred Lakeview hamsters were exposed to ethyl methane-sulfonate (EMS) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in five daily subacute ip doses ranging from 5 to 125 mg/kg and 2 to 50 mg/kg, respectively. Percentage of abnormal sperm, testis weight, and body weight were monitored at wk 1, 4, and 10 after treatment. EMS exposures increased the frequency of sperm abnormalities and reduced sperm numbers and testis weights. Body weights were also affected. BP exposures did not induce sperm abnormalities; however, there were marked reductions in sperm number and testis weight. These findings are in agreement with results of EMS studies in the mouse; however, BP exposure did induce sperm abnormalities in the mouse. PMID- 7338954 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by organophosphate insecticides and their oxygen analogs. AB - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells by 10 anticholinesterase organophosphate insecticides was investigated. The insecticides were two phosphates (dichlorvos and dicrotophos), four sulfur-containing organophosphates (malathion, parathion, leptophos, and diazinon), and four oxygen analogs of the latter (malaoxon, paraoxon, leptophosoxon, and diazoxon). All of the compounds except diazinon induced statistically significant increases in SCE frequencies at concentrations between 0.03 and 1.0 mM. These results suggest that SCE induction is a common property of organophosphate insecticides. Compared to the sulfur-containing organophosphates, the oxygen analogs consistently produced higher SCE frequencies and had stronger antiproliferative activity. Compared to two known genotoxicants, doxorubicin and ethyl methanesulfonate, the ability of organophosphates to produce SCEs is much weaker. PMID- 7338955 TI - Distribution of trace metals in nuclei and nucleoli of normal and regenerating rat liver with special reference to the different behavior of nickel and chromium. AB - The distribution of some metals in nuclei and nucleoli of normal and regenerating rat liver was determined. The contents of Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn in nuclei were less than 3% of those in whole cells. Cr and Ni, which are known carcinogens, were present in cells in much smaller amounts than the metals above, but their contents in nuclei were more than 20% of those in cells. All of these metals were retained in nucleoli; the contents in nucleoli, per milligram of protein, were 3 (Zn) to 18 (Ni) times those in nuclei. Binding of Cr and Ni to nucleoli was more resistant than that of the other metals to treatment with nucleases. The concentrations of Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn in nuclei and nucleoli changed synchronously with changes in the amounts of nucleic acids and protein in the corresponding fraction of the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. The Cr concentration showed no such synchronization. PMID- 7338956 TI - Effect of multiple diisopropyl fluorophosphate injections in hens: a behavioral, biochemical, and histological investigation. AB - Delayed neurotoxicity after acute administration of organophosphates to hens can be predicted by using the neurotoxic esterase (NTE) assay. The present study was designed to compare results obtained with the assay after single or multiple diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) injections in hens. Adult White Leghorn hens were given DFP in a single (1.0 mg/kg) or in multiple (0.05 mg/kg . d for 20 d) sc injections. Walking behavior was measured and both groups showed significant impairment by d 5 after the first or only DFP injection. However, impairment at the end of the study was greater in hens given a single injection of 1.0 mg/Kg. All DFP-treated hens exhibited axonal degeneration in brains, spinal cords, and peripheral nerves, and the changes in the two groups were of equal severity. Cervical and thoracic spinal cord lesions in hens given multiple DFP injections appeared to be primarily restricted to the myelinated spinocerebellar tracts. Inhibition of NTE was measured in brains, spinal cords, ilea, and thymuses 24 h after the single injection of 1.0 mg/kg DFP or after the 20th injection of 0.05 mg/kg DFP in additional hens. The NTE inhibition was significantly greater in all four tissues in the group given DFP as a single treatment. NTE in nerve and nonnerve tissues appeared to be differentially affected by single and multiple DFP treatments. Walking impairment and NTE inhibition were more marked when DFP was given in a single rather than 20 daily injections. However, in hens given multiple DFP injections the severity of central and peripheral nerve lesions was greater than was expected from the clinical and biochemical results. PMID- 7338957 TI - Pharmacodynamic behavior of [14C]acridine in the cricket Acheta domesticus (L.). AB - Cuticular and gastrointestinal penetration, in vivo metabolism, and excretion of [14C]acridine were investigated in the nymphal cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) to find a pharmacodynamic basis for this insect's differential susceptibility to acridine at different life stages. Topically applied [14C]acridine readily penetrated the cuticular exoskeleton of nymphs (half-time of penetration, 48 min). Radiolabeled compounds appeared in the hemolymph within 0.5 h after ingestion of [14C]acridine and continued to move across the gut wall for 7.5 h. The biological half-time was 18 h and the rate constant for elimination was 0.039 h-1 after ingestion. Within 5 d after dosing, 97% of the dose was excreted. Several metabolites were present in the feces of nymphs fed [14C]acridine, and less than 13% of the extractable radioactivity was parent compound. The cuticle and the gastrointestinal tract proved to be ineffective barriers to acridine entry in A, domesticus. However, the ability to readily metabolize and excrete acridine probably contributes to the higher acridine tolerance observed in the nymphs and adults than in the eggs, which are susceptible to toxic effects. PMID- 7338958 TI - Studies on nitrosamine formation by the interaction between drugs and nitrite. I. Measurement of the amount of nitrosamine formed in rat and guinea pig stomachs. AB - The amounts of nitrosamine formed by the interaction of several drugs and nitrite in rat and guinea pig stomachs were estimated. The nitrosamine formation from aminopyrine and nitrite was much more in guinea pig stomachs than in rat stomachs. It seemed that this result was due to the difference in gastric contents of these animals. As the nitrosamine formation was also indicated in the interaction of a clinically prescribed dose of aminopyrine and very low doses of nitrite in rat and guinea pig stomachs, there is a possibility that the nitrosation of aminopyrine takes place in human stomachs, too. Minocycline also interacted with nitrite and formed N-nitrosodimethylamine. However, the amount of nitrosamine formed was less in minocycline than in aminopyrine. Oxytetracycline was not found to form nitrosamine in the stomachs of these animals. The effects of several compounds on the nitrosamine formation by the interaction of aminopyrine and nitrite were also investigated. Ascorbic acid, sodium erythorbate, propyl gallate and butylated hydroxyanisole reduced the nitrosamine formation but the effect of alpha tocopherol, sorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene was not observed in the stomach. PMID- 7338959 TI - Studies on nitrosamine formation by the interaction between drugs and nitrite. II. Hepatotoxicity by the simultaneous administration of several drugs and nitrite. AB - The alterations of biochemical parameters, namely, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum, hepatic microsomal drug oxidation systems, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lysozomal enzymes in hepatic soluble fraction were investigated for the purpose of semiquantitatively estimating the hepatotoxicity caused by the interaction of several drugs and sodium nitrite in rats. The simultaneous administration of aminopyrine and sodium nitrite induced the alterations of these parameters. However, these alterations were not induced by the administration of antipyrine and sodium nitrite. Therefore the alterations were thought to be mainly due to N-nitrosodimethylamine formed. The administration of 0.4 mmole/kg of aminopyrine and 1.0 mmole/kg of sodium nitrite was thought to induce the alterations to almost the same extent as induced by 0.15 mmole/kg of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The simultaneous administrations of sodium nitrite and several other drugs with tertiary amino groups, namely oxytetracycline, diphenhydramine, oleandomycin, erythromycin and minocycline induced small alterations of these parameters. However, these alterations were not thought to relate to the hepatic injury induced by N nitrosodimethylamine. Therefore the amount of N-nitrosodimethylamine formed from these drugs in rats was thought to be rather small. We also investigated the effect of several antioxidants on the alterations of biochemical parameters induced by aminopyrine and sodium nitrite. Ascorbic acid, sodium erythorbate and propyl gallate inhibited these alterations. On the other hand, sorbic acid did not. PMID- 7338960 TI - Studies on the delayed neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds- (I). AB - Delayed neurotoxicity experiments of an organophosphorus compound, TOCP, on hens and quails were carried out. The animals were orally exposed with TOCP in dose of 400 mg/kg, and maintained for 25 and 50 days under observation, respectively. They were sacrificed and dissected at different periods after the exposure, and the histopathological examinations were made on those animals. During the periods of 50 days, no abnormal symptoms except for acute poisoning were noted in the quails. As to the hens, neurological disorders were observed from around 12 days of the experiment. In hens, the morphological alteration in the earlier stage of the experiment was perivascular cuffing of small round cells seen in the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. The major alteration was degeneration of axons and myelin in the white matter of the spinal cord. A minimal degree of these changes was found even in the hens in which the clinical signs of neurotoxicity had not yet been observed. Later the process expanded to the whole spinal cord as well as the sciatic nerve. The electron microscopy performed after 15 days revealed moderate change of myelin and axons. From these results, it was concluded that the clinical signs as well as the morphological changes were closely related to the exposure of the compound, TOCP. PMID- 7338961 TI - Metabolic detoxication of bis-(2-hydroxy-3, 5-dichlorophenyl)-sulfoxide in man. AB - The metabolic detoxication of bis(2-hydroxy-3, 5-dichlorophenyl)sulfoxide (BTS) in man was investigated. Bis(2-hydroxy-3, 5-dichlorophenyl)sulfide (BT) was identified in beta-glucuronidase treated urine following the administration of BTS by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, ultraviolet spectrum and quantitative analysis. No other metabolites were detectable. BT-glucuronide was also identified in urine. It was assumed that BTS was reduced to BT and successively conjugated with glucuronide in man, and excreted as BT-glucuronide in the urine. PMID- 7338962 TI - Studies on the increased potassium concentration of plasma produced by a hypertonic solution of low potent substances intraperitoneally administered to rats. AB - Intracranial hemorrhage was induced in rats by low potent substances, glucose, NaCl and Na2SO4, intraperitoneally injected in enormous amounts, that is, 2800 mOsmol/L (J. Toxicol. Sci. 5, 290, 1980). The present study was undertaken to examine a mechanism of the above mentioned phenomenon in detail from the aspects of the disturbance of water-electrolyte balances and the change in blood osmolality. After administration of hypertonic solutions, blood and abdominal fluid were obtained at intervals of 5 to 15 min and at death. Hypertonic solutions injected intraperitoneally induced rapid exchange in water and solute across the peritoneum, thus causing an increase in abdominal fluid volume and plasma osmolality. Most interesting was the fact that a marked potassemia was produced and that the value of plasma potassium reached 10 mEq/L at death in all of groups of intraperitoneally injected rats. Thus, it is clear that the intracranial hemorrhage is accompanied by an increase in the plasma concentration of potassium which does not always run parallel with an increase in sodium concentration and osmotic pressure in rat plasma. PMID- 7338963 TI - Origin of urinary alkaline phosphatase excreted by cadmium-treatment of rabbits. AB - In order to ascertain the origin of increased alkaline phosphatase in the urine of rabbits with injured proximal tubules, we studied the phosphatase by an isoenzyme examination, an inhibition test and an inactivation test. Male rabbits were daily injected subcutaneously with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.5 mg Cd/kg/day. After treatment for three weeks, total activity of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzyme patterns on agar-gel and disc-gel electrophoresis were examined in the liver, kidney cortex, plasma and urine, and compared with those of the control rabbits. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the urine of the cadmium treated rabbit was about eleven times higher than that of the control (p = less than 0.005), while enzyme activity of plasma showed almost no difference between the two groups. The isoenzyme patterns of alkaline phosphatase in both agar-gel and disc-gel electrophoresis showed that the main band of the isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase obtained from urine of control rabbits migrated faster than that from plasma, liver, or kidney, while the main isoenzyme from urine of the cadmium group was consistent with the rapid migrating isoenzyme obtained from the kidney. Furthermore, in both groups, alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma was inactivated by the treatments of heat and urea, and inhibited by L homoarginine, while the enzymes of the kidney and urine were not remarkably effected. The findings suggest that the increased urinary excretion of the enzyme after administration of cadmium to rabbits originates from the kidney. PMID- 7338964 TI - Differences in the microfibrillar arrangement of collagen fibrils. Distribution and possible significance. AB - The microfibrillar arrangement of collagen fibrils has been studied on replicas of freeze-fractured specimens and on thin sections of specimens treated with a 4.0 M guanidinium chloride solution. Collagen fibrils with straight arrangement of their microfibrils usually have a variable diameter and correspond in their distribution to genetical type I and type II collagens. Collagen fibrils with helicoidal arrangement of their microfibrils present a relatively small and uniform diameter and show a tissue distribution similar to that of the genetical type III collagen. The corneal stroma, although predominantly composed of type I collagen, displays collagen fibrils with a helicoidal microfibrillar arrangement, and small uniform diameter. This exception can be explained in consideration of the function of the collagen of the corneal stroma. A close correlation between all the different microfibrillar patterns of the collagen fibrils and their function in the anatomical sites we examined is evident. PMID- 7338965 TI - Synaptogenetic mechanisms during chick cerebellar cortex development. AB - Chick embryo cerebellar cortex development was analyzed in an attempt to visualize the fine ultrastructural changed involved in cortical synaptogenesis. Three major stages of synapses formation were detected during days 13 to 18 of maturation: intermembranous adherence, cytoplasmic recognition, and definitive synaptic formation period. The more primitive morphological event indicative of synaptic onset was the occurrence of external plaques; these plaques must have a negative charge since they accumulated cationized electron-dense tracers. These plaques favor the adhesions between parallel fibers and Purkinje cell dendrites. Once axonal and dendritic membranes adhered to form an adhesion contact, the dendritic half of this contact forms a pinocytic vesicle that incorporates part of the membrane of the axonic half of the contact. This particular pinosome delivers its content to different cytoplasmic organelles including the nucleus. At day 15 Purkinje cells significantly increase the number of dendritic-forming pinocytic vesicles; this phenomenon means that during this day a large amount of parallel fiber membrane is passed into the Purkinje cell cytoplasm. From day 15 to 16 postsynaptic densities begin to appear; ribosomes associated to these structures seem to be the origin of a progressively accumulated amorphous material composing the rare primitive postsynaptic densities. Some other morphological details related to these processes are given in the text. PMID- 7338966 TI - Neural influences on the primary myocardium. AB - In the presomitic stage chick embryo filopodia establish contacts between neural groove cells and those of the presumed heart area. A few hours later, neural crest cells run along the interfaces between the mesothelium and the pharyngeal endodermal cells. Evidence of the transformation of mesothelial cells into myoblasts and appearance of a positive Karnovsky reaction for AChE coincides with this dorso-ventral migration. Exploratory nerve fibres, also contact with the crest cells, do not appear at the site of the first para-aortic sympathetic ganglion buds, and up to the mouth of the syplanchnopharyngeal corridor until the 48th-52nd h. An assessment is made of the significance of crest cells, most of which are destined to become postgangliar neurons, as inducers of the cardiac myogenic line. The possibility that the first contact between the neural groove and the presumed heart area may be of decisive influence, however, is no discarded. PMID- 7338967 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the normal human thyroid. AB - We have studied normal thyroid specimens from 20 euthyroid patients with the scanning electron microscope. A significant negative correlation was found between the diameter of the apical cell surface and the density of microvilli. Large follicles were usually surrounded by smooth-surfaced cells with a large apical diameter, while the smaller follicles were surrounded by smaller cells with numerous and large microvilli. Exceptions to this rule were, however, not uncommon, and the morphological differences between neighbouring cells in one and the same follicle were as great as those between the cells of different follicles. Concurrent transmission electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the apical cell membrane reflects the activity of the follicular cells. The scanning electron microscopical findings thus indicate that the thyroid may have an intrafollicular functional cycle as important or more important than an interfollicular cycle. Our study shows that one to five cilia are regular constituents of the normal follicular cells and that their number is not correlated with the diameter of the apical cell surface nor with the density of microvilli. Although we do not rule out the possibility that they may be fetal rudiments, we suggest that they may play a functional role probably by stirring the colloid. PMID- 7338968 TI - Desmosomes and gap junctions in precarcinomatous and carcinomatous conditions of squamous epithelia. An electron microscopic and morphometrical study. AB - By means of morphometrical techniques we have studied the distribution of gap junctions and desmosomes in uterine epithelial cells during normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions, and in skin and oral cavity during normal and neoplastic conditions. The percentage of cell surface occupied by gap junctions as well as the surface to volume ratio of these structures decreases progressively from normal to metaplastic and moderately dysplastic cervical epithelium and is practically null in more severe conditions. The percentage of cell surface occupied by desmosomes decreased significantly from normal to metaplastic epithelium; the decrease is less sharp from metaplastic epithelium to dysplastic epithelium and carcinoma in situ; it then becomes again abrupt from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. In skin and oral cavity, there is no significant change between the percentage of cell surface occupied by gap junctions as well as the surface to volume ratio of these structures in normal epithelium and basal cell carcinoma. There is a significant change between normal epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma as well as between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The percentage of cell surface occupied by desmosomes and the surface to volume ratio of desmosomes decreases significantly between normal epithelium and basal or squamous cell carcinomas as well as between basal and squamous cell carcinomas. It is probable that a lack of chemical and electronic coupling as well as a lack of mechanical adhesion play a role in determining the invasive behavior of malignant cells. PMID- 7338969 TI - An ultrastructural study of the calcification process in tympanosclerotic tissues. AB - The alterations of the connective tissue components in the middle ear during tympanosclerosis have been analyzed at ultrastructural level. The final steps of this pathological condition are characterized by the disappearance of the blood vessels, cellular degeneration, hyalin degeneration, and calcification. The different features of the inorganic deposits and the cellular origin of the organic structures involved in the calcification process are described. PMID- 7338970 TI - Leptospirosis in free-living species in New Zealand. AB - A total of 1296 free-living mammals and birds of 12 species was examined for serologic and bacteriologic evidence of leptospiral infection. Endemic infection with serovar ballum was found in several introduced species of mammals. Endemic ballum infection is not recognized in the same species in Great Britain, their country of origin. Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were found to have a high prevalence of infection with balcanica, a serovar that has been isolated from possums in Australia and from cattle, pigs and humans in Eastern Europe. Free living lagomorphs and deer were both serologically and bacteriologically negative. Waterfowl were bacteriologically negative, and only one serological titre was found. PMID- 7338971 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, caused by Chlamydia psittaci. AB - Chlamydia psittaci was cultured from 29 of 35 koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with keratoconjunctivitis. The disease progressed from acute to chronic stages over some months, with a known duration of at least 2 years. One recovered carrier was found. Up to 29% of koalas in some populations were clinically affected. A seasonal spread of infection was indicated by the high percentage of acutely affected cases found in summer. There was no evidence of susceptibility being related to age or sex. The sera of all chronically affected koalas had complement fixation test titres against chlamydial group antigen of 80 or above; in acute cases the titre ranged from 0 to 320. Of normal koalas, 84% were serologically negative, 16% had chlamydial antibody. A titre of 80 or more considered in conjunction with ocular disease could be taken as presumptive evidence of a chlamydial etiology. Chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis may be the ocular disease which was associated with the decline of koala numbers between the years 1885 and 1930. PMID- 7338972 TI - A bacterial disease of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in an alpine lake: isolation and preliminary study of the causative organism. AB - An epizootic among perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) occurred during the summer and fall of 1979 in an alpine lake (Lake Annecy, Haute-Savoie) in France. Hemorrhagic and ulcerative clinical signs were associated with the height of the mortality. A Gram-negative, non-motile, slow-growing bacterium was isolated from skin lesions is diseased fish. Aeromonas hydrophila often was present. Since the nonmotile bacterium was suspected to be the etiological agent, its characteristics and pathogenicity were determined. The bacterium was pathogenic to perch, possibly pathogenic to rainbow trout, and non-pathogenic to carp. It could be reisolated from infected fish, but its physiologic and biochemical properties have not been assessed to determine the taxonomic position. PMID- 7338973 TI - Avian cholera in common crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, from the central Texas panhandle. AB - An epornitic of avian cholera involving approximately 150 birds is described from a flock of common crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, on a single playa lake utilized as a roost in Castro County, Texas, during early spring of 1980. There was a concomitant epornitic of avian cholera involving several hundred ducks and geese of several species on adjacent lakes in he same area. Crows scavenged extensively on waterfowl carcasses. Gross and histopathologic lesions in waterfowl were typical of acute avian cholera. Crows had a more chronic form of the disease, especially neurological involvement with the most common lesion consisting of a hemorrhagic meningitis. Other endemic species from which Pasteurella multocida was isolated included the short-eared owl, Asio flammeus, and cottontail rabbit, Silvilagus sp. The role of crows in the dissemination and maintenance of avian cholera is discussed. PMID- 7338974 TI - Survey for rabies, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from three public use areas in northwestern Arkansas. AB - During a skunk eradication program in late August, 1979, 53 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were removed from three public use areas on Beaver Lake, Benton and Carroll counties in northwestern Arkansas. None of the 53 animals were positive for rabies (fluorescent antibody technique) and only one of 45 (2.2%) was positive for rabies antibodies. Twenty-one of 45 animals (46.6%) tested were positive for leptospirosis; 10 of 45 (22.2%) were positive for toxoplasmosis; and none were positive for tularemia. High populations of striped skunks in public use areas could be a potentially important reservoir for several diseases affecting both humans and other animals. PMID- 7338975 TI - Mortality in captive Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, associated with fin rot disease. AB - A total of 320 of 621 (52%) captive Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, died from fin rot over an 8-year period; mortality reached high proportions in 1979 when 110 of 168 (66%) succumbed. Lesions were confined to the fins, skin and dermal musculature and were observed 3-10 days after the fish were placed in laboratory aquaria. Erosion of the fins and caudal peduncle, accompanied by petechiae and ulceration also were apparent in the trunk region. Most deaths occurred within 2 months after capture. Infection was associated with depressed hematocrit, hemoglobin and total plasma protein and an increase in circulating immature erythrocytes and neutrophils. Mortality was probably due to physiological stress resulting from excessive blood loss. Three genera of bacteria, mostly Pseudomonas, but also Aeromonas and Vibrio, were isolated from fin rot tissues and possibly are the causative agents of the disease. PMID- 7338976 TI - Interrelationships of parasites of white-winged doves and mourning doves in Florida. AB - The parasites of indigenous populations of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in north and south Florida were compared with those of an introduced population of white-winged doves (z. asiatica) in south Florida. Thirty-two species of parasites including 5 protozoans, 7 nematodes, 2 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 acarines, 7 mallophagans, and 2 dipterans were found. Of these, 16 common to both species of doves. Mourning doves from north Florida showed a more diverse parasite fauna than did the white-winged or mourning dove populations from south Florida. Nematodes were the most common parasites in all three populations; infected doves contained one or two nematode species per dove. Total helminth burdens per infected dove averaged 13.1 for white-winged doves, 19.9 for mourning doves in south Florida, and 6.6 for mourning doves in north Florida. The prevalence of infections by Trichomonas gallinae was higher in white-winged doves (97%) than in mourning doves in south Florida (17%) or in mourning doves in north Florida (1%). The high prevalence of this parasite in expanding populations of white-winged doves may pose a threat to mourning dove populations since some strains of T. gallinae are pathogenic. PMID- 7338977 TI - Notes on parasites of the long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus, from eastern New Mexico. PMID- 7338978 TI - Further studies on trypanosomes in game animals in Wyoming II. AB - Further studies on moose revealed trypanosomes in two captive moose (Alces alces shirasi) and in 4 of 7 free-ranging moose in Wyoming by blood culture. Two free ranging moose from Utah were negative. One of two additional captive moose calves was positive for trypanosomes. Trypanosomes also were detected in blood cultures of 8 of 39 American Bison (Bison bison) being brought into Wyoming from Nebraska. Nineteen additional bison were negative for trypanosomes by blood cultures. Identification of species was not possible due to the failure to obtain bloodstream trypomastigotes from this host. Trypanosomes were recovered from 8 of 57 pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana). This is the first report of Trypanosoma sp. from bison and from pronghorn; the trypanosome from moose was identified as Trypanosoma cervi from bloodstream trypomastigotes. In 1978, natural transplacental transmission of trypanosomes was found to occur in 1 of 15 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fetuses, examined near term by blood culture. No trypanosomes were found in 18 male deer fetuses examined in 1979. Of 100 free ranging elk from western Wyoming examined by blood culture in 1979, 71 were infected. These data are compared with data from 1973-74. PMID- 7338979 TI - Plasmodium in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Florida. PMID- 7338980 TI - Helminths recovered from the white-necked raven (Corvus cryptoleucus couch) in eastern New Mexico. PMID- 7338981 TI - Survey for trypanosomes in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). AB - Blood samples were taken from 39 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), usually soon after they were captured. The blood was examined microscopically for trypanosomes, and most samples were tested for trypanosome serum antibodies and inoculated into small laboratory animals. Serum antibodies were found in most animals and trypanosomes identified as Trypanosoma brucei were found in 7 of 39 (18%) of the rhinoceros. Berenil (diminazene aceturate) did not effect complete elimination of trypanosomes. In spite of treatment, one rhinoceros died of trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7338982 TI - Pathology of the female reproductive tract in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), from Victoria, Australia. AB - Lesions occurred in the female genital tract of 10 of 16 (63%) koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus, examined in Victoria. Inflammation of the uterine horns was seen in all 10 affected koalas; six of these had vaginitis and eight also had salpingitis. Cystic dilation of the ovarian bursa, occasionally with hydrosalpinx, was seen in six koalas with concurrent inflammatory lesions of the lower tract. Cystic lesions were considered to have developed as chronic sequelae to previous inflammation in the ovarian bursa. Lesions were not found in the ovaries. Lesions in the urinary tract lesions were noted in four koalas with genital tract pathology. The significance of these findings in relation to the reproductive success of the koala population on Phillip Island is discussed. PMID- 7338983 TI - An epizootic of contagious ecthyma in rocky mountain bighorn sheep in Colorado. PMID- 7338984 TI - [Decrease of the surface potential of bovine serum albumin by inhalation anesthetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338985 TI - [Effects of halothane anesthesia and abdominal surgery on plasma testosterone, estradiol and progesterone levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338986 TI - [Intercompartmental distribution of water after fluid infusion in dehydrated animal (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338987 TI - [Retrospective analysis of elderly anesthetic patients of over 70 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338988 TI - [Difficult removal of a suction catheter from a nasotracheal tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338989 TI - [EMG syndrome and anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338990 TI - [Post-operative changes in blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate after abdominal surgery following pre-operative subarachnoidal morphine administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338991 TI - [A profound hyponatremia during transurethral surgery after intraperitoneal extravasation of irrigating solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338992 TI - [Effect of midazolam on the neuromuscular junction--in vitro study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338993 TI - [The mechanism of action of halothane on adrenal medullary chromaffin granules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338994 TI - [Effect of various fluids on plasma concentrations of ADH and angiotensin II during hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338995 TI - [Hepatic energy metabolism in hemorrhagic hypotension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338996 TI - [The comparison of epidural + methoxy-flurane anesthesia and modified neurolept anestesia for adrenarectomy in a patient with adrenocortical tumor: with special reference to plasma catecholamine concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338997 TI - [Effect of epidural analgesia on uptake, metabolism and excretion of halothane in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338998 TI - [Application of epidural morphine for the postoperative pain and its mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7338999 TI - [Anesthesia for a patient with pituitary gigantism accompanied with secondary diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339000 TI - [Anesthetic management of primary aldosteronism with extremely high plasma aldosterone level (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339001 TI - [Regional anesthesia for progressive muscular dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339002 TI - [Anesthetic management of hemodialysis-dependent patient for open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339003 TI - [Postoperative psychiatric disorder of elders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339004 TI - Vectorcardiographic finding of varying degrees of left anterior hemiblock. A case report. AB - A 16-year-old high school boy showed various types of aberrant QRS complexes during supraventricular premature beats. The aberrant beats showed right bundle branch block pattern associated with varying degrees of left axis deviation. Rosenbaum et al explained it by slowing in conduction through the anterior fascicle in a bifascicular nature of human left bundle system. The alternative explanation might be possible if we consider a fan-like left bundle as proposed by Massing et al: namely incomplete or slight left axis deviation results from block of a small group of anterior parts of the fan-like left bundle, whereas marked left axis deviation results from block of a large number of fibers. The initial QRS force also changed to various degrees according to changes of the QRS axis. This case suggested the existence of an incomplete type of left anterior hemiblock, which produced not only an incomplete QRS axis change but also an incomplete change of the initial QRS forces. PMID- 7339005 TI - Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping. A quantitative diagnostic method for coronary artery disease. AB - In order to evaluate coronary artery disease quantitatively we recorded body surface maps before and after treadmill exercise in 27 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Electrocardiograms were recorded from 87 points on the anterior and posterior chest wall. The pre-exercise ST level was subtracted from post-exercise ST level at each lead point and an ST difference MAP was constructed. The ST level at 60 msec from J point was used for the construction of the ST difference MAP. By means of ST difference MAP, the area with ST changes which was induced by treadmill exercise could be evaluated. the size of the ST-depression area in the ST difference MAP was considered to be proportional to the severity of the coronary artery disease and the ST-elevation area was closely correlated to the motion abnormality of the corresponding left ventricular wall. Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping has provided a measure of quantitative diagnosis of coronary artery disease especially in symptomatic patients. PMID- 7339006 TI - Analysis of myocardial imaging data by mathematical kinetic model and two successive imaging method by thallium-201 in man. AB - The mathematical analysis of thallium-201 (Tl-201) kinetics showed that the uptake level reached a plateau in several minutes and the level was related to the blood level of T1-201 and the blood-myocardium partition coefficient. The regional perfusion rate was suggested to cause an enhanced uptake only in the early phase but not in the final equilibrium state. On the other hand an increase in the partition coefficient was shown to raise the level of equilibrium. Since the clinical imaging data are assessed in the equilibrium or near equilibrium state, a role of regional perfusion may be small for Tl-201 uptake unless it causes an ischemia. In the clinical data, the dependency of the uptake level upon the blood level of the isotope was confirmed especially when the blood-tissue transport was assumed to be constant. An alteration of uptake count was observed when heart rate was changed in the pacemaker-implanted patients. This change in Tl-201 uptake was suggested to be brought about by the change of the blood-tissue transport activity; hence the partition coefficient, not by the change in the perfusion rate, as suggested in the analysis of Tl-201 kinetics. PMID- 7339007 TI - Effect of lidocaine and procaine on the action potential of canine sinus nodal cells. AB - Effects of local anesthetics (lidocaine and procaine) on the canine sinus node were studied using isolated right atrial preparations which were obtained from puppies adn perfused with oxygenated Tyrode solution through the dorsal right atrial artery. Action potential of the sinus nodal area which was characterized by the slow rate of phase O and diastolic depolarization, was recorded using the conventional microelectrode technique, simultaneously with atrial contraction. Lidocaine (10-300 micrograms) prolonged the cycle length and duration of action potential, decreased the rate of phase 4 depolarization and amplitude of action potential, and shifted the threshold potential and maximal diastolic potential to the depolarizing direction. The atrial contraction decreased simultaneously. In higher doses, sinoatrial block was occasionally observed in 8 of 55 experiments. Procaine (10-300 micrograms) had similar negative chronotropic and inotropic effects and induced sinoatrial block in 7 of 57 experiments, but unlike lidocaine, procaine produced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects following the initial negative responses in 16 of 57 experiments. The sinus node acceleration was accompanied by an increase in the rate of phase 4 depolarization. Chronotropic changes of the sinus nodal cells by these drugs were accompanied by the changes in both the rate of phase 4 depolarization and duration of the action potential. PMID- 7339008 TI - Effects of perhexiline on hemodynamics in anesthetized open-chest dogs. AB - Cardiohemodynamic effects of perhexiline were investigated in anesthetized open chest dogs, measuring blood flow rates of the pulmonary artery (PAF), superior and inferior venae cavae (SVCF and IVCF), right atrial pressure (RAP), systemic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR). Sum of SVCF and IVCF was interpreted as venous return (VR). Perhexiline, 0.3-3 mg/Kg, injected intravenously over 2 min caused dose-dependent increases in PAF, VR, and RAP, followed by decreases in PAF and VR at higher doses. SBP and HR were depressed with perhexiline dose dependently. Verapamil, 0.03-0.3 mg/Kg, also increased PAF, VR, and RAP to the lesser extent than perhexiline. Verapamil decreased these variables except RAP more markedly than perhexiline. Treatment with propranolol (1 mg/Kg) and phentolamine (1 mg/Kg) which completely blocked cardiohemodynamic effect of 1 microgram/Kg of norepinephrine, markedly attenuated the effects of perhexiline on VR and PAF but not completely. It is concluded that the effect of perhexiline to increase VR and PAF is in most part mediated through the cardiovascular reflex control for blood pressure reduction by the drug, though a direct effect on capacitance vessels may be included. PMID- 7339009 TI - Participation of coronary perfusion pressure in transmural energy metabolism in the hypoperfused canine heart. AB - The participation of coronary perfusion pressure in hemodynamic and transmural metabolic changes was examined in the open chest canine heart. At lower pressure than 50% of the control, reactive hyperemia disappeared and the coronary arterial inflow precipitously decreased. In 8 dogs, when the coronary arterial inflow was decreased to 47-49% of the control by coronary constriction for 15 min, the coronary perfusion pressure fell in various degrees ranging from 39 to 73% of the control. At a lower pressure than 60% of the control, creatine phosphate (CP) content and its ratio of subendocardium (ENDO) to subepicardium (EPI) decreased, while lactate (LA) content and its ratio of ENDO to EPI increased depending on the degree of the fall in coronary perfusion pressure. A little decrease in ATP content was produced only in the subendocardium under the lower pressure than 50% of the control. When the CP content decreased to below one-third of the control, the significant accumulation of lactate and the precipitous decrease in ATP occurred. Our results suggest that the coronary perfusion pressure has an important role for a severity of the transmural energy metabolism in the hypoperfused ventricle. PMID- 7339010 TI - Cardiovascular effects of imipramine in intact dogs and isolated dog atria. AB - The effects of imipramine were investigated on the blood pressure and heart rate in the intact dog and on the atrial rate and contractile force in the isolated atrial muscle perfused with arterial blood of the donor dog. A continuous infusion of small doses of imipramine (30 micrograms/Kg/min, i.v., 30 min) produced an increase in the blood pressure and heart rate of the donor dog and the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of isolated atria. These responses were blocked by treatment with propranolol. When a large dose of imipramine (1 mg/Kg/min, i.v., 15 min) was administered to the donor dog, the blood pressure fell and the heart rate initially increased and then decreased (i.e., 15 min later it decreased approximately 20% under the control level), and in isolated atria and the developed tension initially increased and 15 min later decreased but the atrial rate maintained over the control level. Examined doses of imipramine caused a potentiation of norepinephrine-induced action, and a large dose of imipramine significantly diminished norepinephrine-induced reflex bradycardia and/or frequently inverted to tachycardia. Moreover acetylcholine induced reflex tachycardia was suppressed by imipramine treatment. From these results, it is concluded that imipramine may cause a hypotension mainly due to peripheral vasodilation, and may induce a suppression of baroceptive reflex mechanism. PMID- 7339011 TI - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the mechanism of blood pressure rise in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated by measuring plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in 5-week-old, 7-week-old, 6-month old, and 12-month-old SHR. Age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control animals. Blood samples were collected through an indwelling catheter in a conscious state. In 5-week-old and 7-week-old SHR both plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were significantly higher than those of WKY. In 6-month-old SHR plasma noradrenaline was significantly higher than that of WKY, while plasma adrenaline was not significantly different. In 12-month old SHR the plasma levels of both adrenaline and noradrenaline were not different from those of WKY. This study indicated more distinct increase in plasma noradrenaline than in plasma adrenaline in young SHR, and also suggests that peripheral sympathetic activity and the adrenal medulla may play important roles in the development of hypertension in SHR. PMID- 7339012 TI - Real time analog computation of left ventricular systolic pressure volume area as predictor of oxygen consumption. AB - An analog circuit was devised for real time determination of the left ventricular systolic pressure volume area (PVA), which we had recently identified as a reliable predictor of cardiac oxygen consumption rate per beat. PVA is the specific area in the pressure-volume diagram that is bounded by the end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship lines and the systolic segment of the pressure-volume loop trajectory of the left ventricle. The computed PVA was compared with PVA obtained as usual by planimetry. Correlation coefficient between the two PVA's was 0.997 (N=31, P less than 0.001) and the standard error of mean of the difference between th two PVA's was as small as practically negligible 8 mmHg ml in the PVA range from 0 to 2,000 mmHg ml. We concluded that this PVA analog computer can be used for real time determination of PVA, expediting the future studies of the relationship between PVA and cardiac oxygen consumption. PMID- 7339013 TI - [Therapy of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia with carboquone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339014 TI - [Replacement therapy for a patient with congenital atransferrinemia--therapeutic effect of apotansferrin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339015 TI - [A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia--with special references to its pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339016 TI - [Leukemic subdural effusion associated with leptomeningeal leukemia--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339017 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute leukemia--report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339018 TI - [A case of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)--coagulation study during the prodromal phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339019 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Endomyocardial diseases]. PMID- 7339020 TI - [Plasma exchange in the treatment of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7339021 TI - [Organic diseases and circulation: alveolar pneumonitis to pulmonary fibrosis- development of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7339022 TI - [So-called necrotic lymphadenitis: with special reference to a case with highly systemic involvement]. PMID- 7339023 TI - [Cardiac surface mapping of spatial velocity ECG in experimental left posterior branch block]. PMID- 7339024 TI - [VCG P loop in sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 7339025 TI - [Effects of propranolol on vectorcardiography]. PMID- 7339026 TI - [Recent findings on factor IX in the field of biochemistry]. PMID- 7339027 TI - [Blood coagulation and glomerular nephritis]. PMID- 7339028 TI - [Management of articular contracture and ankylosis associated with hemophilia]. PMID- 7339029 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Endocardial fibroelastosis]. PMID- 7339030 TI - [Progress in the studies of DIC]. PMID- 7339031 TI - [Anastomosis of capillary arteries in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7339032 TI - [Action mechanism of glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor]. PMID- 7339034 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 7339033 TI - [Vitamin D3 and its metabolical products]. PMID- 7339035 TI - [Pseudohypoaldosteronism. (Type I, Type II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339036 TI - [Testicular feminization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339037 TI - [Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 7339038 TI - [Laron's dwarfism]. PMID- 7339039 TI - [Sjogren's disease: epidemiological, clinical and etiological survey in Japan]. PMID- 7339040 TI - [Regulation of pathologic staging and classification of pancreatic cancers]. PMID- 7339041 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Endomyocardial disease]. PMID- 7339042 TI - [Organic diseases and circulation. Pulmonary artery system in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7339043 TI - [Dipoles conjectured from body surface isopotential distribution/mapping]. PMID- 7339044 TI - [Absolute value of induction vector]. PMID- 7339045 TI - [Epicardial breakthrough and relationship between body surface isopotential mapping and isochronic mapping]. PMID- 7339046 TI - [Comparative studies of T-wave, T-loop, coronary angiography and left ventriculography]. PMID- 7339047 TI - [Body surface isopotential distribution mapping of T-wave. 2. T-loop in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7339048 TI - [Spatial velocity ECG in experimental chronic diffuse myocardial injury]. PMID- 7339049 TI - [Basic and clinical advances in type I and type III allergic reactions, including our laboratory data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339050 TI - [Diagnosis of responsible drugs in drug sensitivity--with special reference to in vitro tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339051 TI - [Immunological studies on the drug-induced allergic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339052 TI - [Pathology of brain tumors (2), with special reference to WHO's histological typing of tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339053 TI - [Study on micromethod for serum HBs antigen and antibody titers using blood disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339054 TI - [The new method for agarose gel electrophoresis of LDH isozymes using Tego-51 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339055 TI - [Data control of individual samples in analysis of serum lipids--(II). Evaluation of the regression method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339056 TI - [Stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with primary immunologic disease using Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain]. PMID- 7339057 TI - [Clinical significance of macromolecular alkaline phosphatase and arylamidase in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339059 TI - [MUMPS application for medical records (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339058 TI - [A case record--catecholamine metabolism of malignant pheochromocytoma-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339060 TI - [Computer in pathological laboratory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339061 TI - [Studies on the normal ranges and clinical applications of the values of total vitamin B1 in the blood and the activities of transketolase in hemolysate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339062 TI - [Assay of vitamin B12 and folic acid in blood and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339063 TI - [Determination of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 in blood and urine by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339064 TI - [On the vitamin E metabolism of diabetic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339065 TI - [Lipid metabolism in relation to vitamin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339066 TI - [Studies on membrane microviscosity of human blood platelets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339067 TI - [Clinical significance of leucine aminopeptidase in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339068 TI - [Simultaneous measurement of plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339069 TI - Research on the production site of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). AB - Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is an active component of serum taken from Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) infected mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To locate the production site of TNF, we tried to block TNF production by using the following reagents; carrageenan, hydrocortisone, and trypan blue. Following the injection of a large dose of carrageenan, administered before C. parvum treatment, TNF production was completely blocked. However, when administered after C. parvum treatment but prior to LPS injection, no blockage was observed. Injecting hydrocortisone before the LPS injection also blocked TNF release. However, this treatment, when administered before the injection of C. parvum, had no observable influence on TNF production. A large dose of trypan blue, administered before the LPS injection, also blocked the release of TNF. A low dose of trypan blue resulted in only partial blockage of TNF production. A large dose of trypan blue, administered prior to C. parvum treatment, also showed partial blockage of TNF production. Macrophage-enriched peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), taken from mice infected with C. parvum, released TNF into the supernatant after stimulation with LPS. These results strongly suggest that the production site of TNF is located within the activated macrophage and deeply related with lysosome. PMID- 7339070 TI - Population studies on Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, in the Philippines. 2. Necessary sample size for snail density survey. AB - In order to save time and manpower for the density surveys of Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines, the minimal necessary sample size (q) was determined using a formula, q greater than t2/E2(1d - 1 + 1/-x). This formula is based on the Id dispersion index [2, 3] which varies with the degree of clumping of unevenly distributed animals. A nomograph was prepared for the ready determination of the necessary sample size for various degrees of clumping (Id) and mean density (-x) to be encountered in the field. The reliability of the sampling procedure with an interval of 5 m distance, which has been adopted to the routine snail survey in the Philippines, was examined using the relative error (E). The relative errors calculated ranged below or around 20% (E = 0.2). Therefore, the existing sampling method was proven to be highly reliable as the field survey. Comparison was made between the sample size actually taken and the minimum needed theoretically determined by this method, by adopting the Student's t = 1 and relative error E = 0.3 as a permissible reliability level in the field. The actual sample size was more than twice the minimum needed for 21 out of 30 populations surveyed and less than the needed in 5 of the 30 surveys. PMID- 7339071 TI - Binding of antibiotics to human liver glutathione S-transferases. AB - Glutathione S-transferases (GSH S-transferases) are multifunctional enzymes and are known to play an important role as intracellular binding protein in human liver. Binding of several antibiotics, including cefotetan, benzylpenicillin, cefazolin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, to cationic and anionic GSH S transferases isolated from human liver, and to human serum albumin, has been investigated by using the centrifuge column technique, which is supposed to be an excellent one for its sensitivity and rapidity in ligand binding studies. The dissociation constants (Kd) of the antibiotics for human liver GSH S-transferases and for human serum albumin, and the number of binding sites for the antibiotics on a molecule of human liver GSH S-transferases and of human serum albumin have been evaluated by means of Scatchard plots. This study has shown that cefotetan is bound to cationic GSH S-transferases to the greatest extent, followed by benzylpenicillin, cefazolin and chloramphenicol, gentamicin being bound to the smallest extent. It has been confirmed that not only cationic GSH S-transferases but also anionic GSH S-transferases have the binding capacity to the antibiotics, and that the extent of binding of the antibiotics to anionic GSH S-transferases is similar to the one to cationic GSH S-transferases. Therefore, anionic GSH S transferases are supposed to play nearly the same role as cationic GSH S transferases in transport of the antibiotics in human liver. The fact that the extent of binding of the antibiotics to human liver GSH S-transferases is closely correlated with the extent of biliary excretion of the antibiotics suggests that human liver GSH S-transferases play an important role in the transport of certain antibiotics from plasma, through hepatocytes, into bile. PMID- 7339072 TI - "D-amino acids" as immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7339073 TI - [An analysis of trends over time of age-specific death rates from lung cancer using a multiplicative model (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339074 TI - [Maternal-foetal transfer of lithium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339075 TI - [Effects of organophosphorus compounds and the efficacy of PAM on rat serum cholinesterase activity and isoenzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339076 TI - Case ascertainment and diagnosis of stroke in an epidemiologic study: the Shibata stroke study. PMID- 7339077 TI - [Synthetic detergent (MBAS) in river and sewage water, Kagoshima City, Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339078 TI - [Studies on physical stress. Part 1. Effect of physical exercise on the activities of various enzymes in human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339079 TI - Trace metals in human hair from residents of Fukui Prefecture. PMID- 7339080 TI - [Quantification of very low density lipoprotein apo C and apo E peptides by isoelectric focusing in type IV hyperlipidemia, familial chylomicronemia and xanthelasma palpebrae without hyperlipidemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339081 TI - [Risk factors for mortality of the aged at old people's homes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339082 TI - [The long-term effects of colestipol hydrochloride on serum and lipoprotein lipids in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339083 TI - [Clinical implications of brain atrophy by computed tomography in patients with age-related dementia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339084 TI - [Analysis of relevant factors of HDL cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339085 TI - [Studies on antiplatelet therapy of low dosage of aspirin from the view point of its effect on platelet aggregation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339086 TI - [Studies on the changes of vital functions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the aged patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339087 TI - [Lymphocyte function in aged humans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339088 TI - [Hippocampal formation as an associative memory--computer simulation of hippocampal CA3-dentate area dynamic model (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339089 TI - [Automatic volumetry system of gallbladder using ultrasonic tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339091 TI - [Basis of digital bio-signal processing. IV. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339090 TI - [Development of microcomputer DBMS (PUBLIC) and its extensive medical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339092 TI - [Measurement of arterial blood flow profile by an optical fiber laser doppler flowmeter]. PMID- 7339093 TI - [Development of synchronous bi-sectional ultrasonic cardiac tomography]. PMID- 7339094 TI - [Development of a thoracic surface cardiac monitor using an optical fiber micro potential transducer]. PMID- 7339095 TI - [Measurement of biological particles by laser light scattering]. PMID- 7339096 TI - [Automatic data processing of the fetal heart rate]. PMID- 7339097 TI - [Computer-controlled multi-leaf conformation radiotherapy system]. PMID- 7339098 TI - [Cardiac data processing using a nuclear data processing device, "Scinti Pack"]. PMID- 7339099 TI - [Qualitative analysis of dynamic renal scintigraphy in 126 cases with renal space occupying lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339100 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of asynchrony of the left ventricle using phase analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339101 TI - [H/S ratio as a new index for myocardial 201Tl uptake (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339102 TI - [Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy on coronary vasodilator, dipyridamole: assessment of regional coronary perfusion reserve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339103 TI - [Determination of left ventricular volumes by multigated radionuclide angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339104 TI - [Endoscopic observation of thyroid carcinoma successfully treated with radioactive Iodine (131I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339105 TI - [Assessment of TIBC micro test "Daiichi" and UIBC micro test "Daiichi" (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7339106 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular diseases by 133Xenon inhalation method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339107 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of T3 radioimmunoassay by CK-R3A kit (TRI-TAB RIA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339108 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of TSH with Immo Phase TSH RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339109 TI - [Clinical use of 99mTc-rhenium sulfide colloid for lymphoscintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339110 TI - Exacerbation of renal dysfunction following contrast media study in diabetic patients. AB - It has been generally assumed that contrast media used for excretory urography are safe even in the presence of renal insufficiency. Recently, however, several reports of acute oliguric renal failure have been documented in diabetic patients after excretory urography. We also have experienced three cases of acute renal failure following contrast media study in diabetic patients. For the purpose of investigating the effect of contrast media on renal function, we examined serum creatinine, BUN, K+ levels and urine volume before and after intravenous pyelography (IVP), drip-infusion pyelography (DIP) or angiography in twenty diabetic patients. As controls, twenty patients with non-diabetic renal diseases were selected. From this study, it is concluded that contrast media study had better be avoided in diabetic patients providing with renal disturbance (creatinine level more than 3.0 mg/dl) and severe retinopathy. PMID- 7339111 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the aged complicated by acute myocardial infarction. AB - The incidence and pathologic features of cardiac lesions in 184 autopsied aged patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were reported. Coronary thrombosis was noted in 31 (16.8%), fresh myocardial necrosis in 60 (32.6%) and massive myocardial hemorrhage in 49 (26.6%) of these patients. Fresh myocardial infarction was present in 16 (8.7%) patients, 13 of whom manifested coronary thrombosis. The site of thrombi deposition was closely related to preexisting stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries. Only 3 of 16 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute myocardial infarction had typical cardiac symptoms. In most patients, the electrocardiographic changes were equivocal or not diagnostic for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. We suggest the possibility that coronary thrombi in disseminated intravascular coagulation may gradually increase in extent and severity, leading to confluent areas of myocardial necrosis. The possibility of death due to heart failure, arrhythmia or cardiac rupture, points to the importance of recognizing the frequent cardiac involvement in aged patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7339112 TI - Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to furosemide abuse: report of a case and an analytical review of Japanese literature. AB - Batter's syndrome characteristically exhibits the constellation of hypokalemic alkalosis, normotensive hyperreninism, hyperalodosteronism, hyporesponsiveness to pressor agent and juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia. Recently, metabolic mimicry of Batter's syndrome by vomiting, diarrhea, laxatives and diuretics abuse has been reported. We had a 30 year-old female patient who developed so-called pseudo Bartter's syndrome as the result of surreptitious self-administration of furosemide for about six years. In this case, calcification of bilateral renal medulla was demonstrated. Such adverse reaction has not been reported to date. Moreover, a total 14 cases of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome reported in Japanese literature is reviewed. PMID- 7339113 TI - [A method of studying chemical control of respiration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339114 TI - [Thoracic surgery: the present and the future (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339115 TI - [Pulmonary functions and mechanical interdependence in respiratory system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339116 TI - [Broncho-alveolar lavage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339117 TI - [Animal model of lung diseases--bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339118 TI - [Experimental models of lung diseases pulmonary fibrosis (idiopathic interstitial pneumonia) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339119 TI - [Clinical significance of the ratio of right and left transthoracic Zo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339120 TI - [Bronchial alveolar changes and pulmonary functions of patients with coal miners' pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339121 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study of bronchial glands. In cases without bronchial diseases and those with bronchiectasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339122 TI - [Characteristics of respiratory physiology in a case of stiff-man syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339123 TI - [A case of Swyer-James syndrome observed through the course of pathologic formation on chest X-ray (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339124 TI - [Computer analysis of the electromyogram of the external urethral sphincter (author's transl)]. AB - The electromyograms of canine external urethral sphincter were recorded and analysed with microcomputer ATAC 450 (Nihon Koden Co.). Its electromyographic responses to the alpha-blocker (phentolamine) and beta-blocker (propranolol) were not recognized, although, the action potentials of the external sphincter disappeared by administration of suxamethonium and pancuronium. The opinions that alpha-adrenergic system acts dominantly on the external urethral sphincter can not be supported by our data obtained from this study. PMID- 7339125 TI - [An electromyographic study of effects of pyloroplasty on gastric motility following selective proximal vagotomy in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) has been adopted for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, combined with or without drainage operation. This study is aimed to determine whether the drainage operation is necessary or not following SPV, viewed from gastric motility in dogs. A total of twenty-three mongrel dogs were used, and divided into four experimental groups. They are control, pyloroplasty, SPV, and SPV with pyloroplasty. Electromyographic recordings were made after the fifth post operative day, during the fasted state and after feeding. Results are summarized as follows. 1. The pattern in a frequency change of pacesetter potentials (PPs) was characteristic in those four groups of animals following three different test meals given, hot milk, cold milk, or solid meals respectively. 2. The difference in numbers of PPs in the body from those in the antrum was carried out from the occurrence of antiperistalsis in the antrum. The ratio of PPs in the body and the antrums (AB ratio) was considered useful to depict the gastric activity. 3. Low AB ratio and the wide variance in numbers of antral PPs in pyloroplasty and SPV groups indicated slightly lowered antral activity than in control. 4. SPV with pyloroplasty showed most lowered AB ratio, suggesting the possibility that antral activity was most interrupted in this group. 5. Out of these results and previous reports, the effect of pyloroplasty was discussed viewed from gastric emptying. Conclusively pyloroplasty should be avoided when SPV is performed for duodenal ulcer, unless pyloric stenosis is present. PMID- 7339126 TI - [The mode of action of ATP on the isolated internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been known to induce vasodilation in various vascular beds. Recently, we reported that ATP produced vasoconstrictions in isolated internal and external carotid arteries of dogs. In the present study, the mode of the ATP-induced vasoconstriction in the internal carotid artery was analysed from the physiological and pharmacological points of view. The results obtained were as follows: 1) ATP (5 X 10(-6) approximately 2 X 10(-4) M) caused dose-dependent vasoconstrictions in the internal carotid artery. 2) The ATP induced vasoconstriction was not affected by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, atropine, cyproheptadine, or tetrodotoxin. 3) Verapamil suppressed dose-dependently the contractile response. 4) ATP caused no vasoconstriction in a calcium-free Krebs solution containing Im M EGTA. 5) ATP produced no further vasoconstriction in the preparation which had been in a state of contracture in a high potassium Krebs solution. These results suggest that an increase of potential-dependent Ca++ influx into the arterial smooth muscle cells may play a major role in the ATP-induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 7339127 TI - [Fine structure of the myenteric plexus of Auerbach, studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339128 TI - [Electromyographical study on the residual stomach and the interposed jejunal motor function following Merendino's procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339129 TI - [Urological approach to enuresis nocturna. I. Functional bladder capacity and average urinary flow rate in normal children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339130 TI - [Urological approach to enuresis nocturna. II. Cystometric findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339131 TI - [Histological and endocrinological studies on prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339132 TI - [Studies on effects of endocrine therapy on hypothalamo-pituitary-testis axis in patients with prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339133 TI - [Studies on testicular endocrinological function by estimation of plasma testosterone, estradiol and estradiol testosterone ratio. Studies on testicular function; report 9 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339134 TI - [Results and complications of anti-reflux operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339135 TI - [Thorotrast-induced renal pelvic cancer after retrograde pyelography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339136 TI - Development of the corpus vasculare paracloacale in the male chick embryo. PMID- 7339137 TI - Spermagglutination and spermagglutinating activity of serum and tissue extracts from reproductive organs in male dogs experimentally infected with Brucella canis. PMID- 7339138 TI - Effect of ammeline on the chick electroretinogram. PMID- 7339139 TI - Pathological observations of amyloidosis in swans and other Anatidae. PMID- 7339140 TI - [Purification and characterization of calcium-binding protein from bovine milk]. PMID- 7339141 TI - Reproduction and prenatal growth in the wild Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. PMID- 7339142 TI - An occurrence of Newcastle disease in other psittacine birds exposed to imported cockatoos (Kakatoe sulpurea). PMID- 7339143 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from imported psittacine birds in Japan. PMID- 7339144 TI - Contagious equine metritis: isolation of haemophilus equigenitalis from horses with endometritis in Japan. PMID- 7339145 TI - [A study of hemostatics in patients with pleuritis tuberculosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339146 TI - [Studies on lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria in Japan--Report of the study in 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339147 TI - [Bronchogenic carcinoma in a tuberculosis ward (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339148 TI - [Clinical findings and gross pathology of the anterior segment (author's transl)]. AB - Gross examination of globes under the dissecting microscope plays an important role in cases where clinical examination was limited, i. e., within the anterior segment of the eye, the back of the iris and the ciliary body. Anomalies, degenerations, tumors, inflammations and traumatic changes occurring in this region are demonstrated macroscopically. PMID- 7339149 TI - [Acquired black disc and melanotic retina after resection of an orbital meningioma (author's transl)]. AB - Resection of an orbital meningioma in a 53-year-old patient caused an occlusion of the central retinal artery and total ophthalmoplegia. Eight weeks postoperatively rapid development of a black disc was observed with migration of pigment into the juxtapapillary retina. One year later the eye was removed during a radical reoperation. Histological and ultrastructural examination showed that the melanosis of the disc and the retina was apparently due to reactive proliferation of the juxtapapillary pigment epithelium which had migrated into the atrophic tissues of the retina and the disc. The histological differentiation from hamartomatous proliferations of the juxtapapillary pigment epithelium is discussed. The proliferated pigment epithelium cells in this patient resemble those described in epiretinal membranes apart from abundant RER and actin filaments. In the absence of mechanical or inflammatory factors it must be assumed that hypoxia was the stimulus responsible for the proliferation. The presence of fenestrated retinal capillaries in the proliferation zone is described and the significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 7339150 TI - [Some correlations between ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings in malignant melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. AB - The ultrasonographic findings in 39 cases of malignant melanoma of the choroid has been correlated with histopathological results. Tumors with hemorrhages and/or necrosis showed a lower reflectivity than those with a higher amount of connection tissue. B-scan ultrasonography was found to be reliable for the measurement of the extent of the tumor in all three dimensions. PMID- 7339151 TI - [Primary bilateral malignant melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. AB - Report on an extremely rare case of primary bilateral malignant melanoma of the choroid with histological verification of both tumors. The patient was a 54-year old woman; the presumptive clinical diagnosis was a primary bilateral melanoblastoma. A thorough general examination did not reveal any metastases. Six months later the patient underwent surgery. The left eye, in which the tumor was larger, was enucleated and a B-type malignant melanoma of the choroid with invasion of the sclera was diagnosed histologically. Two months later the patient died of a lung embolism. Histological verification of the tumor of the right eye led to the same diagnosis as in the left eye, but without invasion of neighbouring structures. No distant metastases were found at autopsy. A thin layer of slender spindle nevus cells was found between the tumor and the sclera during the histological study. The author agrees with Yanoff and Zimmerman (1967) that this may be regarded as the origin of the malignant tumor. PMID- 7339152 TI - [Morbus Coasts, Histopathological findings in an adult patient (author's transl)]. AB - Light and electron-microscopic analysis of the enucleated eye of a 55-year-old man confirmed the diagnosis of Coats' syndrome. The histopathologic findings in this adult patient are identical to those seen in typical cases of Coats' syndrome of childhood. The characteristic thickening of vessel walls and the apparent deficiency of healthy, viable retinal vascular endothelial cells support the hypothesis that the ocular changes in this syndrome are directly related to a primary retinal vascular defect leading to abnormal permeability. PMID- 7339153 TI - [The use of Healon in extracapsular cataract extraction and in the implantation of intraocular lenses (author's transl)]. AB - The use of Healon 1% hyaluronic acid increases the safety of implant operations. The result is a decrease in the number of cases where implantation employing conventional techniques has to be abandoned on account of complications during surgery. Our experience of 65 implants with follow-ups ranging from two to 30 months is presented. A detailed description of the technique and postoperative problems is given. PMID- 7339154 TI - [Correlations between tumor size and serum haptoglobin level in patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid (author's transl)]. AB - In 18 patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid the serum haptoglobin level before, and the size of the tumor after enucleation were examined. It may be assumed that there is a correlation between tumor size and haptoglobin level. PMID- 7339155 TI - [Differential diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy (author' transl)]. AB - The levels of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, and IgG, as well as the complement components C3 and C4 were measured in the sera of patients with vascular pseudopapillitis. The ischemic papilledema was caused by either temporal or idiopathic arteritis. In the temporal arteritis group, the levels of IgG, IgM and C4 were significantly higher than in the idiopathic group. However, these facts are of little value for the differential diagnosis of vascular pseudopapillitis, because there is a considerable overlapping of values in the two groups. PMID- 7339156 TI - [On the clinical picture of Purtscher's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports on patients suffering from traumatic retinal angiopathy (Purtscher's disease) and fat embolism in acute pancreatitis, respectively. Differential diagnostic comparison of the most important clinical findings with the aid of ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, computer perimetry and simultaneous fundus photography. PMID- 7339157 TI - [Ocular myositis/myasthenia (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a patient with varying motility disturbances. He first presented with typical clinical and electromyographic symptoms and signs of ocular myositis, which subsided after immunosuppressive therapy. Three years later he developed ocular myasthenia. The diagnostic procedures (especially electromyography, immunology, differential diagnosis and possible underlying pathomechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7339158 TI - [Microphthalmus with orbital cyst due to nonclosure of fetal cleft: a clinical and histological case report (author's transl)]. AB - Report on an orbital cyst in a case of microphthalmus with secondary reactive changes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Plaques of cartilage were found intrascleral by adjacent to the cystic coloboma and in the cyst itself. PMID- 7339159 TI - [Corneal damage due to contact lenses (author's transl)]. AB - Severe subepithelial opacification and ingrowth of vessels with a marked reduction of visual acuity were observed in a patient who bought soft corneal contact lenses (HEMA) from an optician. He was given no information on possible side-effects nor was he advised to see an ophthalmologist at regular intervals to have the condition of the cornea checked. The patient had been aware for some time of a continuous deterioration of visual acuity when he used his spectacles, although it at first appeared almost unchanged when he wore the contact lenses. This encouraged him to use the contact lenses more often, until inflammation and pain made it impossible. Stopping the use of contact lenses and topical application of vitamins (drops and ointment) and ethylmorphine ointment resulted in slow but nearly complete recovery. PMID- 7339160 TI - [Bilateral congenital microblepharon with ectropion and microphthalmus (author's transl)]. AB - A very rare combination of congenital malformations of the eyelids and eyes in a 6-month-old boy is reported. The main symptoms are a bilateral microblepharon associated with ectropion and bilateral aphakic microphthalmus. The pathogenesis of these changes is discussed. PMID- 7339161 TI - [A case of internal ophthalmomyiasis in Kenya (author's transl)]. AB - An unusual case of ophthalmomyiasis is reported, in which two living fly larvae were observed inside the patient's eye. One larva was removed from the anterior chamber by paracentesis; the other was destroyed on the retina by photocoagulation. The mode of infestation, clinical picture and treatment are discussed in brief. PMID- 7339164 TI - [Intravenous anesthesia]. PMID- 7339162 TI - [Description of conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis with reference to a case history (subconjunctival oestridae larvae) (author's transl)]. AB - The findings observed in a 25-year-old female with external ophthalmomyiasis are described. She had visited South Africa for a short time. In contrast to the more severe intraocular form of this disease, which may produce a panophthalmitis, the external form is characterized by an acute conjunctivitis containing the Oestridae larvae in the subconjunctival tissues. We were able to remove the organism completely with forceps. The role of the Dipterae larvae in the pathogenesis of Ophthalmomyiasis is discussed. This case illustrates that this disease should be suspected in conjunctivitis found in individuals who have been born exposed in tropical regions. A careful examination of the conjunctiva is necessary in order to assure that any organism that may be present is not overlooked. PMID- 7339163 TI - [Mature avian eye fluke (Philophthalmus sp.) under the human conjunctiva (author's transl)]. AB - A living mature eye fluke of the genus Philophthalmus was removed from under the conjunctiva of a man from the north of Sri Lanka. This is the third report on infection of a human by Philophthalmus sp., the second with subconjunctival infection by cercaria is discussed. PMID- 7339165 TI - [Ketamine, ataralgesic combinations and antagonists]. PMID- 7339166 TI - [Benzodiazepines]. PMID- 7339167 TI - [Analgesics]. PMID- 7339168 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous hypnotic agents (barbiturates, propanidid, etomidate, althesin, ketamine)]. PMID- 7339171 TI - [Placental passage of intravenous narcotics and its effect on the uterus and fetus]. PMID- 7339169 TI - [Protective effect of barbiturates on the brain]. PMID- 7339170 TI - [The use of intravenous narcotics in obstetrics]. PMID- 7339172 TI - [Use of intravenous narcotics in geriatric patients]. PMID- 7339173 TI - [The use of intravenous narcotics in metabolic, liver, and kidney diseases, endocrine and central nervous system disorders]. PMID- 7339174 TI - [Intravenous narcotics in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 7339175 TI - [Use of intravenous anesthesia in postoperative sedation and analgesia]. PMID- 7339176 TI - [Intravenous anesthesia in patients with cerebral spasms]. PMID- 7339177 TI - [Metabolism and pharmacokinetics - opium-like analgesics and antagonists]. PMID- 7339178 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of intravenous narcotics (barbiturates and fentanyl) anesthesia and intensive care in patients with liver and kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 7339179 TI - [Theories of anesthesia]. PMID- 7339180 TI - [Premedication]. PMID- 7339181 TI - [Barbiturates]. PMID- 7339182 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis localized in the inferior lobe]. PMID- 7339183 TI - [Pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis in patients admitted to a tuberculosis hospital]. PMID- 7339185 TI - [Relation between lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7339184 TI - [Comparison of the pulmonary diffusing capacity and ventilation indices in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7339186 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow and ventilation in young patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7339187 TI - [Limited nonspecific pneumosclerosis]. PMID- 7339188 TI - [Acid-base imbalance and methods of its normalization in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7339189 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7339190 TI - [Pathogenesis of congestive heart failure in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7339191 TI - [Opisthorchiasis and internal diseases]. PMID- 7339192 TI - [Clinical aspects of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7339193 TI - [Serous variants of meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 7339194 TI - [Role of venous insufficiency in the etiology of peripheral circulation disorders in diabetic patients]. PMID- 7339195 TI - [Early differential diagnosis of icteric variants of viral hepatitis, acute opisthorchiasis and sporadic pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7339196 TI - [Histamine and serotonin levels in patients with biliary tract diseases before and after surgery]. PMID- 7339197 TI - [Main goals of tuberculosis control today]. PMID- 7339198 TI - [Use of autovaccine in suppurative inflammatory diseases complicated by candidiasis]. PMID- 7339200 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7339199 TI - [Association of staphylococcal infection and tuberculosis]. PMID- 7339201 TI - [Rupture of the aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva in Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 7339202 TI - [Acute pylephlebitis as a complication of gangrenous appendicitis]. PMID- 7339203 TI - Surgical treatment of perineal hernia in the dog. PMID- 7339204 TI - The use of a transfixation splint to stabilize a bilateral mandibular fracture in a dog. PMID- 7339205 TI - Experiences with the use of Imizol in treating canine blood parasites in Nigeria. PMID- 7339206 TI - A simple procedure for separating drugs from interfering lipids on special thin layer chromatographic media. AB - A method is reported for separating drugs from serum lipids on special thin layer chromatographic media with insertable sample application discs, using a double development, single dimensional technique. Drugs whose detection normally was precluded by lipid were detected at therapeutic levels using the new procedure. PMID- 7339208 TI - Evaluation of a colorimetric screening test for basic drugs in urine. AB - A simple direct colorimetric test using a tetrabromophenolphthalein reagent for detecting basic drugs in urine is described. The response of 62 commonly encountered drugs and metabolites to this test are described and 39 of these compounds were found to react. The sensitivity for many of the drugs is adequate for their detection following recommended therapeutic doses. PMID- 7339207 TI - Quantitative determination of carbon monoxide in blood by head-space gas chromatography. AB - The gas chromatographic determination of carboxyhemoglobin in blood has been improved by the use of a head space technique to measure the carbon monoxide (CO) released from blood. To improve sensitivity, the CO is reduce to methane before detection by the flame ionization detector (FID). The time for a single determination is reduced to five minutes by backflushing the column as soon as the methane has been eluted. This automated procedure is suitable for routine analysis of large batches of samples. Results are compared with those obtained using a CO-Oximeter. PMID- 7339209 TI - Incidence of methaqualone in driving-under-the-influence (DUI) cases in the state of Georgia. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the range of blood methaqualone levels, which should be considered sufficient to produce deterioration of driving ability. Data from 974 driving-under-the influence (DUI) cases were subdivided into five major catagories based on whether drugs other than methaqualone were discovered during the analytical procedures. The range of blood methaqualone levels, which appear to cause significant motor skill impairment, are discussed for each category. Also included are data from 20 of these cases indicating the symptoms of methaqualone intoxication which were reported by arresting officers. PMID- 7339210 TI - A method for differentiation and analysis of quinine and quinidine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - A method is presented for the positive identification of quinine and quinidine. The method requires extraction of the compounds from an alkaline solution into an organic solvent and concentration of the sample by evaporation of the solvent. The sample is chromatographed without derivatization and may be detected by the flame ionization detector (FID) or mass spectrometry (MS). Limits of sensitivity are less than 5 ng per assay for the underivatized compounds. Analysis of urine extracts is discussed. PMID- 7339211 TI - Methaqualone ingestion: evaluation of present status. AB - Sixty cases of methaqualone ingestion have been reviewed from 1977 through 1980. Serum methaqualone concentrations, clinical information, and demographic data were studied in order to define the present status of abuse of this drug. The average user was a 27 year-old man who ingested Quaalude plus at least one additional drug (usually a narcotic analgesic, ethanol, a benzodiazepine, or a barbiturate, in that order). He was admitted to the emergency room with a depressed level of consciousness and a serum methaqualone concentration of 5 +/- 3 mg/L (mean +/- SD). Following a brief period of observation and supportive care, he was discharged from the hospital. Serum methaqualone concentrations showed no significant correlation with the physical findings, except that levels greater than or equal to 9 mg/L were always associated with a depressed level of consciousness, whether or not other drugs were present. Despite strict federal controls, methaqualone abuse appears to be a continuing problem, and analysis for this drug should be part of the toxicology screen. PMID- 7339212 TI - Determining pentachlorophenol in body fluids by gas chromatography after acetylation. AB - A sensitive, precise, and accurate method for rapidly analyzing body fluids for pentachlorophenol has been developed. The method includes acidification and extraction of the fluid with hexane. The extract is reacted with acetic anhydride, washed with buffer, and injected into a gas chromatograph fitted with an electron capture detector. Quantitation of the pentachlorophenol is based on the ratio of the peak height of pentachlorophenyl acetate to an internal standard, tribromophenyl acetate. The lower detection limit in urine or serum is 1-2 parts per billion. The method was applied to workers in pentachlorophenol formulating plants and to residents of pentachlorophenol treated log houses. Hydrolysis increased the yield of determined urinary pentachlorophenol by a factor of approximately 1.8. Serum levels of pentachlorophenol were 2-3 time higher than the corresponding whole blood levels. PMID- 7339213 TI - Diazoxide in the management of chlorpropamide overdose. AB - Three cases of chlorpropamide overdose are reported. Plasma levels of chlorpropamide, diazoxide, glucose, and insulin are presented for each patient during treatment. The simultaneous analysis of chlorpropamide, hydrochlorothiazide, and diazoxide in plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also reported. Although all three cases presented at hospital with potentially lethal plasma levels of chlorpropamide, each was successfully treated with intravenous diazoxide and glucose. Plasma diazoxide concentrations between 50-100 microgram/mL appear to be optimal in achieving therapeutic control of chlorpropamide induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7339214 TI - Determination of methadone and its primary metabolite in biologic fluids using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. AB - A method is described for the determination of methadone and its primary metabolite, 1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-2-ethylidinepyrrolidine, in biologic fluids using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. A simple extraction scheme is employed that is convenient for processing the large numbers of samples generated in pharmacokinetic studies. The method is sensitive enough for accurate determination of concentrations less than 5 ng/mL of both methadone and its primary metabolite in 1 mL of biologic specimens. PMID- 7339215 TI - Determination of tri-, di-, and monobutyltin and inorganic tin in biological materials and some aspects of their metabolism in rats. AB - A chromatographic method to separate and determine simultaneously trace amounts of tri-, di-, and monobutyltin and inorganic tin (IV) in biological materials has been established. These compounds were eluted stepwise on a silica gel column with an organic solvent system and were sensitively determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The calibration curves show linearity up to 6 mumol/L. The detection limit was 1.5 ng of tin for each of the tin compounds. The reproducibility and recovery were satisfactory. Tetra- and tributyltin were also sensitively determined by the gas chromatographic application of this method. This new method was applied to the study on the metabolism of tributyltin in rats. The contents of tributyltin in the liver of rats, to which a single oral dose of tributyltin fluoride had been administered, showed a rapid decrease following an initial transient increase. The tributyltin, once transported to the liver, seemed to be rapidly dealkylated. The most significant finding was the remarkable retention of monobutyltin and inorganic tin (IV) in the brain. PMID- 7339216 TI - Ventricular repolarization disturbances in athletes: standardization of terminology, ethiopathogenetic spectrum and pathophysiological mechanisms. PMID- 7339217 TI - An alternative scaling model for the prediction of body density in female athletes. PMID- 7339218 TI - A hypothetical model for strength training. PMID- 7339219 TI - Effect of training on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in two groups of women cross-country runners. PMID- 7339220 TI - Evaluation of cardiac dynamics during isometric exercise in young female athletes: an echocardiographic study. PMID- 7339221 TI - Age, weight and heart rate at rest as predictors of aerobic fitness. PMID- 7339222 TI - Prediction of body density, fat weight, and lean body mass in male athletes. PMID- 7339223 TI - The 10 day aerobic mini-cycle: the effects of interval or continuous training at two different intensities. PMID- 7339224 TI - Effects of a 14-week jogging program on operational blood pressure. PMID- 7339225 TI - Relationship between age at menarche and adult morphology in sportswomen. PMID- 7339226 TI - The effects of iron supplementation on female cross country runners. PMID- 7339227 TI - Factors predisposing to sports injury in school boy rugby players. PMID- 7339228 TI - Children injured during physical education lessons. Nine hundred and eighteen cases. PMID- 7339229 TI - Effects of frequency of weight training on muscle strength enhancement. PMID- 7339230 TI - The Blom-Singer endoscopic technique under local anesthesia for restoration of voice after laryngectomy. PMID- 7339233 TI - Tennessee Hypertension Program. PMID- 7339232 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans. PMID- 7339234 TI - 1981 membership roster tennessee medical association. PMID- 7339231 TI - The impact of a tertiary perinatal center on survival of the very low birth weight infant. PMID- 7339235 TI - Structural similarity of molybdate-stabilized steroid receptors in human breast tumors, uteri and leukocytes. PMID- 7339236 TI - Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium of the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. PMID- 7339237 TI - A possible non transcriptional effect of progesterone. PMID- 7339238 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate: a possible cofactor in steroid hormone action. PMID- 7339239 TI - Novel assay procedure for assessing ovarian function in women. PMID- 7339240 TI - Regulation of estrogen action in the uterus of the guinea-pig fetus. PMID- 7339241 TI - Pathophysiology of the adverse effects of glucoactive corticosteroids on calcium metabolism in man. PMID- 7339242 TI - Melanosome aggregation by corticosteroids: evidence for a novel type of steroid action. PMID- 7339243 TI - The effects of sex steroid and corticosteroid hormones on bone. PMID- 7339244 TI - Assessment of oestrogen and progestin effects on epithelium and stroma from pre- and postmenopausal endometria. PMID- 7339245 TI - Steroid receptors in early breast cancer: value in prognosis. PMID- 7339246 TI - Spontaneous canine mammary tumour: a model for human endocrine therapy? PMID- 7339247 TI - Is a functional estrogen receptor always required for progesterone receptor induction in breast cancer? PMID- 7339248 TI - Mechanisms of estrogen and antiestrogen action in mammary cancer. PMID- 7339249 TI - The plasma membrane as an additional level of steroid-cell interaction. PMID- 7339250 TI - Studies of oestrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women with cancer. PMID- 7339251 TI - Specific protein synthesis regulated by estrogen in human breast cancer. PMID- 7339252 TI - Characterization of a new type of thymoma variants supersensitive to dexamethasone. PMID- 7339253 TI - In vitro glucocorticoid studies in human lymphoma: clinical and biologic significance. PMID- 7339254 TI - The postnatal ontogeny of the rat uterine estrogen receptor. PMID- 7339255 TI - Quantitation of nuclear-estrogen receptors in the rat uterus by [3H]-estradiol exchange. PMID- 7339256 TI - Purificaton of rabbit uterine cytosolic estrogen receptors by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7339257 TI - Interaction of calf uterus estradiol receptor with erythrocyte cytoskeleton. PMID- 7339258 TI - Oestrogen receptor components of human endometrium. PMID- 7339259 TI - Evidence of estrogen receptors in the trigone area of human urinary bladder. PMID- 7339260 TI - Interrelations between glucocorticoid and progestin receptors. PMID- 7339261 TI - Separation of glucocorticoid receptors by phosphocellulose chromatography at pH 6.8. PMID- 7339262 TI - Glucocorticoid actions on the immune system: inhibition of production of an Fc receptor augmenting factor. PMID- 7339263 TI - Receptor binding and biological activity of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiandrogens. PMID- 7339264 TI - Binding and biological responses of antiestrogens in the fetal and newborn uteri of guinea-pig. PMID- 7339265 TI - Estrogen-induced synthesis and secretion of proteins in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. PMID- 7339266 TI - Changes in estrogen receptor levels during DES-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the Syrian hamster fed alpha-naphthoflavone. PMID- 7339267 TI - Steroid structure and nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptors in intact AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells. PMID- 7339268 TI - Estrogen regulation of rat prostate androgen receptor. PMID- 7339269 TI - Molecular details of receptor binding and hormonal action of steroids derived from X-ray crystallographic investigations. PMID- 7339270 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on androgen responsiveness in a mammary tumor cell line. PMID- 7339271 TI - Interaction of prolactin, estrogen and progesterone in a human mammary carcinoma cell line, CAMA-1 - I Cell growth and thymidine uptake. PMID- 7339272 TI - Bursa of Fabricius produces in vitro a factor which inhibits the chorionic gonadotropin response of the newly hatched chick testis. PMID- 7339273 TI - Mode of androgen action at male and female calf pituitary level. PMID- 7339274 TI - Effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol and dexamethasone on sterol synthesis in isolated mouse thymocytes. PMID- 7339275 TI - Relationships between type I and II estradiol binding sites and estrogen induced responses. PMID- 7339277 TI - Purification of chick oviduct progesterone receptor apoprotein. PMID- 7339276 TI - Chromatographic studies on interconversions of "non-activated" and "activated" forms of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from rat heart cytosol. PMID- 7339278 TI - [Immunoglobulins and complement in pregnant women with EPH gestosis (author's transl)]. AB - In pregnant women with EPH gestosis immunoglobulins in the serum, urine, amnionic fluid, and the umbilical cord serum were determined. The complement value was determined only in mother's serum. The control group consisted of pregnant women without any pathologic changes in the course of pregnancy and with a normal delivery. All children were normal. In the sera of pregnant women with EPH gestosis low IgG and IgM and normal IgA value were recorded. The total hemolytic activity of the complement was within normal, while the C3 component values was somewhat decreased. The finding of decreased IgG values could be explained, partly, by the permeability of the kidney and--the increased concentration of IgG in the urine and partly by the IgG binding into immunocomplexes. The decreased IgM values are assumed to be due to the IgM binding into EPH immunocomplexes. Normal complement values in EPH gestosis do not indicate an active immunologic reaction. Of special interest is the increased IgM level in the serum of the umbilical cord of children from women with EPH gestosis, which remains inexplicable but might suggest an intensified immunological challenge in the fetus. PMID- 7339279 TI - [Damaged placenta in mid-trimenon abortion (author's transl)]. AB - In placentas of women with mid-trimenon abortions the authors observed numerous histomorphologic changes, most frequently uvular edemas, the narrowing and obstruction of blood vessel lumina, collagen sedimentation, uvular fibrosis, and a thrombus below the amnionic membrane. In most cases in one and the same placenta several histologic changes were observed. Changes in the placenta spoilt the living conditions of the fetus to such an extent that they led to its death and, consequently, to abortion. PMID- 7339280 TI - [Primary insular carcinoid tumor in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary (author's transl)]. AB - A case of primary, insular, argentaffin carcinoid tumor (argentaffinoma) of the left ovary, arising in a bening cystic teratoma in a 60-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was not accompanied by any signs of the carcinoid syndrome despite a large volume, prominent acinar differentiation, and strong argentaffinity. Considering the morphologic carcinoid classification by Soga and Tazawa, the case had a mixed A + C pattern. A few Paneth-like cells and a few small calcifications in the stroma were present. Microscopic, ultrastructural, and histochemical findings were identical with those of carcinoids arising in midgut derivatives. There were small mucinous areas about 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed pools of mucin with more of less disintegrated acini. This morphologic feature was not as yet reported in the insular carcinoid tumor. The patient feels well one and half year after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, without any signs of metastatic disease. PMID- 7339281 TI - [The occurrence of uterine sarcoma in Virovitica in a 10-year period (author's transl)]. AB - From 1970-1979 six sarcomas of the uterus were diagnosed of which there were four secondary sarcomas in the altered myomas of the uterus, one primary endometrial sarcoma of the corpus uterus, and one sarcoma of the cervix uterus. The patients were women having undergone hysterectomy and adnexectomy and one of them received radiation after the operation. The results of the treatment were poor, because the diagnosis was made in an advanced stage. PMID- 7339282 TI - [Complications in women after operative sterilization (author's transl)]. AB - In the last thirty years sterilisation was applied in 26(15.02%) women vaginally and in 147(84.97%) women by lower medial laparotomy. In 86(46.71%) cases the binding of the tubes was performed as an additional operation during caesarean section. The binding of the tubes was carried out by Madlener's method and in some cases by Pomeroy's method. In three cases there was repeated pregnancy. All early complications (fever, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, paresis intestini, subileus, peritonitis, suppuration of a suture, dehiscence) were within percentage limits given by other authors. These complications are not meant to be connected with the binding of the tubes. All the patients declared that after operation they were feeling much better regarding their sexual life (there was no fear of possible pregnancy) and that they did not notice any reduction of the libido or any change in this field. PMID- 7339283 TI - [A study of fertility in the Trieste region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339284 TI - [Prevention of vaginal prolapsus after abdominal hysterectomies (author's transl)]. AB - According to foreign authors, the prolapsus vaginae occurs in 0.01--0.5% cases after abdominal hysterectomy. It has been proved that the prolapsus can be prevented if an adequate operational technique is applied. The authors describe their own operational method consisting of intrafascial hysterectomy after Aldridge and Meredith, followed by the fixation of the vaginal vault with round ligaments. During an eleven-year period (1969-1979), 982 abdominal hysterectomies using this method were performed without a single case of prolapsus of the vaginal vault. PMID- 7339285 TI - [Indications for cerclage of the cervix uteri (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic methods for the incompetence of the internal cervical os are described. The incompetence of the internal cervical os when there is no pregnancy is especially dealt with. For the diagnosis five tests are used (measurement of the uterine cavity and palpation of the cervical channel, Palmer test, Bergman-Svennerund test cervicohysterography, and X-ray cervicometry). Only in strictly indicated cases should cerclage be applied. In cases with an undeveloped clinical picture the operation could be recommended twelfth week of pregnancy. With an appropriate selection of patients and an operation after the twelfth week of pregnancy a success of 82% was achieved at the university hospital in Ljubljana. The duration of the sick-leave after the operation is also indicated. PMID- 7339286 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 7339287 TI - Reflections on manning the booth. PMID- 7339288 TI - Carcinoma of the breast: part 2, prognostic factors and staging. PMID- 7339289 TI - Nondoctoral therapists in psychiatric outpatient clinics/part 2: assessment of therapists by clinic directors. PMID- 7339290 TI - Pressure ulcers in the elderly: prevention and treatment utilizing the team approach. PMID- 7339293 TI - Basement membrane research. PMID- 7339291 TI - Legionnaires' disease in a patient with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7339292 TI - Amyloidosis. PMID- 7339294 TI - A new hypothesis on memory - a possible role of local circuits in the formation of the memory trace. AB - An hypothesis is proposed arguing that local circuits might work as biochemical units involved in synthesis of macromolecules related to the memory processes. Specific sequences in the activation of local circuits should act as a "template" for the synthesis of particular memory molecules, which, in turn, may facilitate the repetition of the original sequences of bioelectrical signals (short-term memory). The resynthesis of the local memory molecules in cell body areas, their flow to terminal areas via axoplasmic transport and their possible passage to other nerve cells via transynaptic transport might be the basis of long term memory. The role of diffuse neuronal systems (e.g. noradrenaline systems) is discussed in the frame of memory recall and consolidation. The suggested hypothesis can be represented in a very effective way by means of the graph theory. PMID- 7339295 TI - Ultrastructural changes in immature chick oviduct epithelium during avidin induction by actinomycin D. AB - Avidin induction by actinomycin D may be mediated through cell damage. So the morphology of chick oviduct epithelium was studied 0-24 h after administration of actinomycin D (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.). The avidin content of the oviducts was measured by radioimmunoassay. There were several changes indicating cell damage in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Marked vesiculation in and around Golgi complexes and the appearance of groups of light vacuoles occurred within 7 h of treatment. Swelling and breakage of mitochondria were found, the perinuclear cleft was enlarged and autophagosomes developed after 12 h. Invagination and swelling of the nucleus occurred during the experimental period. An increase in nuclear pores, polysomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum probably reflected the reparative processes of the cells. Ne secretory granules could be seen. Avidin accumulation began 7 h after actinomycin D, beginning simultaneously with the cell damage and earlier than the marks of regeneration. It is concluded that the avidin induced by actinomycin D is implicated in the severe cell damage caused by the drug. PMID- 7339296 TI - Quinacrine and release of purines from the rat hypothalamus. AB - The acridine derivative quinacrine accumulates in certain endocrine cells and nerve endings. It has been suggested that it binds to ATP stored in granules in such cells. For this reason the uptake and release of quinacrine and the ATP precursor adenine was studied in slices and in crude synaptosomes from the rat hypothalamus. Both quinacrine and purines were taken up and after uptake there was a spontaneous release. The rate of purine release could be stimulated by nerve stimulation, the depolarizing agent veratridine, and by omitting glucose from the medium. Veratridine-induced purine release was inhibited by dipyridamole, an inhibitor of carrier-mediated nucleoside transport, whereas release induced by glucose deprivation was not. None of the procedures caused release of labelled quinacrine. The results are not compatible with the opinion that the bulk of the purines are released from specific storage vesicles that have the capacity specifically to bind quinacrine. PMID- 7339297 TI - Polyamines as cellular regulators. PMID- 7339298 TI - Regulation of the level of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase during lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - Bovine lymphocytes were mitogenically activated by the lectin concanavalin A and the activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SDC), was followed (R. H. Fillingame and D. R. Morris, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 52: 1020-1025, 1973). Enzyme activity began to increase at approximately 3 hours after cellular activation, reaching a peak at 9-12 hours. A second elevation of SDC activity coincided with the entry of the cells into S phase at 24 hours. The early and late increases in SDC activity were regulated by different mechanisms. The initial elevation of activity was due to approximately a 10-fold enhancement of the rate of enzyme synthesis; the enhanced rate of synthesis was maintained throughout the remainder of the culture period. The second increase in SDC activity was due to a lengthening of the intracellular half-life of the enzyme from 80 to 170 min. These changes in the rates of SDC synthesis and degradation fully account for the observed biphasic enzyme induction curve. In vitro translation of the SDC messenger RNA has been achieved and this will be used in further studies of the mechanism of enhanced enzyme synthesis. PMID- 7339300 TI - Studies on 5'-methylthioadenosine uptake by human erythrocytes. AB - The transport of 5'-methylthioadenosine across plasma membrane of human erythrocytes occurs by a carrier-mediated mechanism displaying a Km of congruent to 3 mM and a Vmax of congruent to 600 pmol/10(6) cells/min. Phosphate-depleted erythrocytes were employed to distinguish between 5'-methylthioadenosine transport and metabolic trapping. In phosphate medium, where 5' methylthioadenosine phosphorylase is operative, the uptake of radioactivity increases over the theoretical calculated equilibrium owing principally to conversion of the molecular into 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Newly developed HPLC techniques have been applied to analyze intracellular 5'-methylthioadenosine and its metabolites after exposure of the erythrocytes to [14C]-labelled 5' methylthioadenosine. PMID- 7339301 TI - Spermine-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase I and its effect on transcription. AB - A nuclear protein kinase, designated NII, was purified essentially to homogeneity from the Morris hepatoma 3924A. In the presence of excess Mg2+, phosphorylation of casein by the kinase was stimulated by spermine (1-5 mM) and was inhibited completely by 0.1 microgram/ml heparin. The apparent Km for casein was reduced in the presence of spermine. Spermine preferentially augmented phosphorylation of threonine residues. The kinase was also associated with highly purified RNA polymerase I and appears to correspond to two polypeptides (Mr 42,000 and 24,600) of the polymerase. RNA polymerase I polypeptides of Mr 120,000 (S2), Mr 65,000 (S3) and Mr 24,600 (S5) were phosphorylated by the endogenous kinase. Spermine enhanced phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase I subunits as much as 20-fold. Phosphorylation activated RNA polymerase I; the phosphorylated enzyme synthesized longer product with no apparent effect on the number of RNA chains initiated. PMID- 7339299 TI - Formation of putrescine in rat liver. AB - Two pathways exist for the formation of putrescine in rat liver. Putrescine can be produced by the action of L-ornithine decarboxylase, an inducible enzyme which can be irreversibly inhibited by the drug, alpha-difluoromethylornithine. A method for quantitating the amount of active ornithine decarboxylase protein present in the liver under various conditions by measuring the binding of [5 14C]alpha-difluoromethylornithine is described. The results indicated that, even when maximally induced, less than 0.0002% of the liver cytosol protein is ornithine decarboxylase. A second pathway for the production of putrescine occurs in the liver by means of the acetylation of spermidine to N1-acetylspermidine and its oxidation to putrescine and N-acetyl-3-aminopropionaldehyde by polyamine oxidase. This pathway is controlled by the activity of spermidine N1 acetyltransferase which is induced by hepatotoxins. Both ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine N1-acetyltransferase turn over rapidly as indicated by the loss of activity in response to cycloheximide. Following treatment with either carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide, changes in spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity precede those in ornithine decarboxylase and experiments with appropriate inhibitors indicate that the early enhancement of hepatic putrescine levels if brought about by the acetylase/oxidase pathway. Subsequently, enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity maintains the putrescine levels and restores the depleted spermidine content of the liver. PMID- 7339302 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis and metabolism in normal and virus-infected plant protoplasts. PMID- 7339303 TI - Effect of various inhibitors of polyamine synthesis on the growth of Helianthus tuberosus. AB - The growth effect of various inhibitors of polyamine synthesis was studied on explants obtained from Helianthus tuberosus tubers during dormancy and dormancy break and cultured for 20 days on a sterile agarized medium. Explant growth was strongly inhibited by canavanine and canaline, natural non-protein amino acid analogues of arginine and ornithine, respectively, as well as by canavanine in combination with putrescine. Methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone, an inhibitor of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, did not increase growth inhibition caused by canavanine. Methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone alone, as well as alpha methylornithine, 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-o1 - which are inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase - showed no growth inhibition with respect to the control treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 1,3-Diaminopropane caused a paradoxic enhancement of callus growth and a much greater polyamine accumulation than in the control with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid alone. During the first cell cycle inactivated tuber slices, 40 microM methylglyoxal-bis guanylhydrazone inhibited spermidine and spermine synthesis up to 6 h, and their accumulation up to 1 h; RNA synthesis and accumulation and DNA accumulation were reduced at 1 h, and later enhanced. During the same period, 1 mM canavanine inhibited putrescine synthesis in the S and M phases, and spermidine and spermine synthesis only at 24 h; accumulation of putrescine and spermidine was reduced only at 12 h. Canavanine also reduced RNA synthesis throughout the S and M phases, while RNA accumulation was reduced at 18 and 24 h. Two different hypotheses are put forward concerning the induction of new pathways of polyamine synthesis. PMID- 7339304 TI - Polyamines and the growth of leishmanial parasites. AB - The relation between the grown of leishmanial parasites and polyamine biosynthesis was studied. Polyamines, mainly putrescine and spermidine, accumulated in macrophages infected with Leishmania tropica major promastigotes grown in vitro. Similar results were obtained, when tissues of BALB/C mice infected with L. tropica major were examined. A consistent increase in cellular putrescine and spermidine levels was observed in infected skin and spleen. With the accumulation of putrescine, a concomitant increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity was detected in growing leishmanial promastigotes and in macrophages supporting the growth of leishmanial amastigotes. An increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase was also observed in Leishmania-infected skin and spleen from BALB/C mice. PMID- 7339305 TI - On the importance of exploring the data. PMID- 7339306 TI - Out-of-plan use under two prepaid plans. AB - This analysis of out-of-plan use of physician and paramedical services under a Kaiser plan and under a prepaid option offered by a predominantly fee-for-service group practice (Clinic plan) deals primarily with services that members could have obtained from plan providers ("covered services"). The extent and pattern of out-of-plan use were found to be similar. While 16-20 per cent of plan members used some out-of-plan covered services and the mean number of such services was about one half visit per member per year, most out-of-plan user were occasional user, 10-12 per cent of user (or 2 per cent of plan members) accounting for 50 per cent of all out-of-plan covered services. The principal members characteristics associated with out-of-plan use were dissatisfaction, health status and having other insurance. The literature on out-of-plan use is also reviewed. PMID- 7339307 TI - Membership duration and utilization rates in a prepaid group practice. AB - The relationship between utilization rates and duration of membership in prepaid group practices can have important implications for national policy and HMO administration. The results of this study demonstrate a substantial reduction in utilization rates with increasing duration of membership over a 5-year period in a developing prepaid group practice (PGP) located in urban St. Louis. This "start up effect" is strongly evident across different socioeconomic subgroupings of the study population (sex, race, income, education and age) and for different employers and cohorts. The implications of widespread start-ups for health care financing policy and for important PGP management decisions are discussed, and suggestions are made for future study of the start-up phenomenon. PMID- 7339308 TI - Determining the generalizability of rating scales in clinical settings. AB - Traditional approaches to interrater reliability presuppose that reliability is diminished only by undifferentiated random measurement errors. Generalizability theory offers a more comprehensive and appropriate framework for viewing problems associated with assessments derived from multiple raters. A study involving the use of the Functional Limitation Scale (FLS) by three physicians to assess patient status at five points in time illustrates this new approach. Data were analyzed in a multi-way factorial ANOVA design with the levels of raters (3), occasions (5), and patients (15). Examination of the variance components and associated generalizability coefficients revealed that the raters along or in interaction with other factors contributed little variance, while the greatest proportion of variance was attributable to the difference measurement occasions and the patients or these factors in interaction. The FLS was found to be capable of differentiating between patients and the effect of time on patient status, regardless of the physician rater(s). This study illustrates how one multi faceted design can answer questions that formerly required several separate data sets. PMID- 7339309 TI - Commentary on "Membership Duration and Utilization Rates in a Prepaid Group Practice," be Mary Jane Griffith and Nicholas Baloff. PMID- 7339310 TI - Commentary on "Membership Duration and Utilization Rates in a Prepaid Group Practice," by Mary Jane Griffith and Nicholas Baloff. PMID- 7339311 TI - Reply to comments: "Membership Duration and Utilization Rates in a Prepaid Group Practice". PMID- 7339312 TI - An organized locum tenens service and the cost of free time for rural physicians. AB - Dissatisfaction with the conditions of rural practice perpetuates the geographic maldistribution of physicians. This study evaluates the economic productivity of physicians who participated in an organized locum tenens (LT) service that was designed to improve practice conditions for rural physicians by making time off more feasible and less costly. The productivity of LT physicians, expressed as their average daily billing, was compared with the amount charged to rural clinics for the LT service and with the revenue billed by the clinic physicians during the same month. The clinics were charged $375/$439/day, compared with $584/day billed by the clinic physicians (p less than 0.01). The revenue billed by 85 per cent of the LTs exceeded the amount charged for their services; the revenue billed during 80 per cent of the coverage episodes also exceeded the $375/day level. When LT billing was expressed as a percentage of clinic physician billing LT productivity was found to be significantly higher in solo practices, as compared with partnership practices (97 per cent vs. 73 per cent, p less than 0.01). Assuming that a physician's overhead remains constant when he leaves, the cost of leaving a practice with LT coverage was almost invariable less than the cost of leaving without coverage. The finding justifies cautious optimism about using LTs to increase free time and improve practice conditions for rural physicians. PMID- 7339314 TI - Health status as a measure of need for medical care: a critique. AB - At the national level there has been a desire to assure that individuals have access to effective personal medical care services. Accordingly, there has been an interest in linking policies on access to care to the health needs of diverse population groups. This article critiques three measures of access linked to health status: the Use-Disability Ratio, the Symptoms-Response Ratio, and the Episode of Illness Analysis. Their utility in determining whether a given level of health-service utilization is appropriate for the optimization of health status in a population is considered. As part of this task, we review the concept of health, its measurement, and data on the relationship between changes in utilization and changes in health status. Although the Use-Disability ratio may be a useful instrument to measure access equity, it appears less suited for the purpose stated above. Elements of both the Symptoms-Response Ratio and the Episode of Illness Analysis appear better suited for this purpose. Recommendations are provided on 1) the scope of services that should be included in a comprehensive construct designed to assess access related to health status, and 2) the required research to develop such a construct. PMID- 7339313 TI - Equity of access to medical care: a conceptual and empirical overview. PMID- 7339316 TI - [Metabolic disorders of hepatocellular insufficiency in cirrhosis. Mont-Blanc, Plateau d'Assy, 2 October 1981]. PMID- 7339315 TI - [Metabolism of serum albumin. Changes in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 7339317 TI - [Protein nutrition of the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 7339318 TI - [Hypoglycemic complications of hepato-cellular insufficiency]. PMID- 7339319 TI - [Relation of the molar concentration of cholesterol to LDL phospholipids in liver diseases]. PMID- 7339320 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte lipid changes in acute alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 7339321 TI - [Chronic alcoholic liver diseases in women. Thyroid and gonadal function studies]. PMID- 7339322 TI - [Consumption syndromes and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7339323 TI - [Diagnosis of Crohn disease and ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 7339324 TI - Spontaneous internal biliary fistulae: early surgery for prevention, radical surgery for cure. A report of 75 cases. PMID- 7339325 TI - [Isolated biliary cystadenoma of the liver]. PMID- 7339326 TI - [Biliary ileus with sigmoid calculus and perforation of a compressive ulceration of the ileum]. PMID- 7339327 TI - [Treatment of intestinal worms with flubendazole]. PMID- 7339328 TI - Contribution to the control of the locomotor activity of the dog. AB - A measuring arrangement was developed for the quantitative determination of the locomotor activity in the dog. The activity is controlled by installing light barriers in the dog kennel. The light-barrier interruptions are counted at given intervals via an electronic system described in this study and the counts are printed by a printer. This allows an automatic control of the locomotor activity continuously even over long periods. The measuring arrangement was tested for its practicability. The locomotion-increasing effect of amphetamine and the locomotion-inhibitory effect of haloperidol were demonstrated in beagles, and dose-dependent differences could be measured quantitatively. The comparison between the control groups of the two investigations, and the values measured prior to treatment, show good reproducibility of the results. PMID- 7339329 TI - Radioimmunoassay of tobramycin compared to microbial methods. AB - A commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) for tobramycin was compared with microbial methods by determining the concentrations of known standards prepared with pooled human serum. The correlation coefficients were r=0.94 for the RIA method and an agar diffusion procedure using commercial paper disk standard, and r=o.95 for a standard agar well diffusion procedure. The agar well method tended to overestimate the real concentrations. PMID- 7339330 TI - Endocrine profile of topterone, a topical antiandrogen, in three species of laboratory animals. AB - Topterone, 17 alpha-propyltestosterone, was administered parenterally or topically to rats, rabbits or hamsters to determine its endocrine profile. Systemic administration demonstrated that topterone was both antiandrogenic and progestational. Topical application failed to elicit a systemic antiandrogenic response at 1 g/kg/day and only a minimal progestational response was seen at 32 mg/kg/day. No other endocrine activities were detected. PMID- 7339331 TI - Inhibition of steroidogenesis in isolated rat adrenal cells by glutethimide congeners. AB - A series of glutethimide congeners produce concentration-dependent inhibition of corticosterone production by a suspension of isolated rat adrenal cells. The dextro-rotatory antipode of aminoglutethimide is more potent than its levo enantiomer in inhibiting corticosterone production in this system. Glutethimide, its metabolite glutaconimide, and congeners including those with anti-convulsant activity, 4-hydroxyglutaconimide and 4-aminoglutethimide, have all demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells. PMID- 7339332 TI - The simultaneous monitoring of plasma levels of neostigmine and pyridostigmine in man. AB - The synthesis of a series of pyridostigmine analogues wa reported. From these analogues N,N-dipropylcarbamoyloxy-1-methylpyridinium bromide was considered the most suitable compound for use as a common internal marker for the simultaneous determination of neostigmine and pyridostigmine in human plasma. The assay involved a preliminary ion-pair extraction of the drugs and the internal marker from plasma using potassium-iodide glycine buffer. The extract was analysed by a GC system (10% OV-17 on chromosorb W-AW, 100-120 mesh) linked to a nitrogensensitive detector. The calibration graphs of neostigmine and pyridostigmine were linear and reproducible over the range 5 ng to 100 ng per ml in 3 ml plasma samples. This assay procedure has been used to monitor simultaneously the plasma levels of neostigmine (4.7 to 33 ng per ml) and pyridostigmine (2.7 to 18.6 ng per ml) of a myasthenic patient over a period of twelve hours with repeated dosing of neostigmine bromide (30 mg) and pyridostigmine bromide (60 mg). PMID- 7339333 TI - Reproducibility of strain gauge venous occlusion plethysmography in long-run measurements in man. AB - In order to evaluate strain gauge venous occlusion plethysmography as a tool to test the effects of treatment on peripheral blood flow, some biasing effects due to this technique were studied in relation to a long-run session and to cuff and gauge displacement. Arm peripheral blood flow was estimated by a computerized procedure during three successive days in a young male subject. The measurements were arranged as follows: 1) 75 replications under constant conditions, lasting 1.6 hours; 2) 18 triplets with alternative cuff displacement between two forearm positions, lasting 1.5 hours; 3) 40 measurements taken alternatively with a fixed gauge and a displaced one from a proximal to a distal position and vice versa, lasting 2.1 hours. Statistical comparison revealed: 1) a good long-run reproducibility during the first session; 2) a significant difference between the first and third day sessions under the same conditions; 3) a significant difference between the distal and proximal cuff mean flows during the second day session; 4 significant differences among the third day means in dependence of gauge position; 5) no significant dependence on strain gauge tension during the third day session. It is thus concluded that strain gauge plethysmography may be a reliable technique mainly in a longitudinal experimental design when the acute effect of some drug administration is to be evaluated. PMID- 7339334 TI - The Resotest Apparatus. A universally applicable biopharmaceutical experimental tool. PMID- 7339335 TI - Intrastriatal kainic acid- a possible model for antidyskinetic/antichoreic agents? AB - Bilateral intrastriatal injection of kainic acid in conscious guinea-pigs induced a spectrum of behaviours comprising: biting, seizures and hyperactivity. Preliminary findings revealed that pharmacological modification of these behaviours was possible. Metoclopramide, haloperidol, reserpine, flurazepam, quipazine, propranolol and aceperone were found to be inactive or very weakly active on the biting behaviours and seizures. Intrastriatal GABA decreased seizure activity but not the biting, whilst RS86, clonazepam, oxiperomide and tiapride decreased biting and seizures. It is suggested that intrastriatal kainate-induced behaviour may be a useful model for delineating agents with antidyskinetic or antichoreic potential. However, the spectrum of behaviour is not always consistent and the mortality rate is high over the subsequent 24 hours. PMID- 7339336 TI - The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime lysine in the elderly. AB - Single doses of 750 mg of cefuroxime lysine were given to eight elderly patients. The mean plasma half life was 124 minutes and the mean time to peak was 82 minutes. When compared with previous studies in young healthy volunteers, while peak plasma concentrations are similar, there is prolongation of half life and delay of excretion of the drug in the elderly. In our group studied, no local discomfort was noted following injection. PMID- 7339337 TI - An improved method to study antibacterial activity of antibiotics in an in vitro model simulating serum levels. AB - The bacterial activity of cefoxitin was studied in an improved in vitro model simulating serum levels. The peak concentration of cefoxitin was 110 mcg/ml as achieved after 1 g i.v. Half-life time was adjusted to 50 minutes. The time at which the viable count reached the mark 1% of the original inoculum after the lowest count was determined (regrowth period) ranged from one to 10 hours from the beginning of the experiments. PMID- 7339338 TI - Effects of methyltestosterone on bile secretion in female and male rats. AB - No adverse effect on bile secretion was noted in methyltestosterone-treated female rats. In male rats, methyltestosterone administration exerted a cholestatic effect, which is not only due to the decrease of bile salt excretion rate, but also to a possible interference of the steroid with bile salt micelle size. PMID- 7339339 TI - The solubility of phenytoin in a physiological salt solution. AB - The solubility of phenytoin (PHT) was examined at room temperature (23 degrees C) one hour and 16 hours after solutions were made. PHT was considered to be dissolved if it could be centrifuged at 1500 c g for 30 minutes without loss of supernatant radioactivity produced by 14C-PTH. Radio-labelled PHT dissolved in 50 mM NaOH (pH 12.6) was used as control. One hour after mixing, PHT concentrations greater than 200 microM were incompletely dissolved. Sixteen hours after mixing, concentrations greater than 150 microM were incompletely dissolved. Solutions made with an excess of Na-PHT yielded a supernatant concentration of 105 microM measured 24 hours after mixing. It is concluded that PHT concentrations higher than 105 microM may form supersaturated solutions that remain homogeneous for 16 hours if the total concentration does not exceed 150 microM. The 150 microM solution is considered to be a relatively stable supersaturated solution since the addition of a small amount of Na-PHT caused only a 7% reduction in supernatant radioactivity after 13 hours. PMID- 7339340 TI - Facing up to compliance-failure with prescribed drug therapy. PMID- 7339341 TI - [Clinical and endoscopic diagnosis of bronchogenic cancer]. AB - Incidence of bronchogenic cancer has increased steadily over the past three decades. In spite of many advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, unselected groups have a 5-year survival rate of about 5% compared to 2% previously. The most valuable methods are related to the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope and the mediastinoscope along with a variety of biopsy techniques for the preoperative assessment (staging, grading, typing). Our present diagnostic techniques do not permit the early detection of lung cancer. This may become possible with the discovery of new tumor markers, tumor-specific fluorescence and radioisotopes combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7339342 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of bronchial cancer]. AB - The significance of CT in the preoperative radiological diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma has been examined in 37 patients. Today it is possible to make a more accurate diagnosis regarding the following points: 1. The determination of the number and the localisation of peripheral tumors and metastases 2. Staging the tumor (T-, N- and M-stadium) 3. Determination of the extension of the primary tumor in the neighborhood. Therefore CT should precede thoracotomy in bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7339343 TI - [Parenchyma-preserving resection techniques for bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Parenchyma-preserving resection techniques are grouped into two categories: (1) Broncho- and angioplastic resections that help avoid pneumonectomy and (2) Wedge or segment resections that help avoid lobectomy. The indications are: (a) Elderly patients (70 years); (b) Impaired respiratory reserve; (c) Palliative surgery; (d) Limited tumour growth. The analysis of 288 relevant cases yielded follow-up data in 232 cases: Survival and mortality of group I operations are comparable to those after (extended) pneumonectomy; higher tumour stages prevailed in the combined plastic surgery subgroup. The data of group II are similar to those with lobectomy; the relatively high local recurrence rates render group II operation techniques unreliable until more data are available. PMID- 7339344 TI - [Malignant soft tissue neoplasms. Problems with combined therapy. Radiologic diagnosis and radiotherapy]. PMID- 7339345 TI - [Chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas]. AB - Sixty-two patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas of various histological types were treated with Cyvadic. No chemotherapy had been given previously. Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 10% and complete plus partial remission (PR) in 20% of the patients. Mean duration of CR was 25 months, that of PR 2.5 months. Median survival time of responders was 28 months, that of nonresponders 14 months. Chemotherapy with a combination of ifosfamide plus cisplatin given to patients with primary or secondary resistance to Cyvadic led to CR + PR in 50% of the patients. PMID- 7339346 TI - [Therapy of malignant soft tissue tumors in children (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7339348 TI - [Radiation injuries of the locomotor system (author's transl)]. AB - Radiation injuries of the locomotive apparatus manifest themselves in three ways, each one of which may appear alone or in combination with the other two: 1. Radiation osteonecrosis 2. Growth disturbance due to epiphyseal injury. 3. Scar formation in the skin, fascia, and muscles The results of corrective operative procedures depend almost totally on the condition of the soft tissue. In those patients with a reasonable life expectancy, extensive operation procedures are indicated if they will restore or preserve function in the extremity. PMID- 7339347 TI - [Surgical problems after radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339349 TI - [Plastic surgery of radiation ulcers in the chest wall and pelvic area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339350 TI - [Surgical problems resulting from actinotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Different stages of side effects may result in the application of actinotherapy in the intestinal canal, bladder, ureter, vagina integument, bones, lymph ducts, and in fibrous tissue. Besides the reaction during actinotherapy, there are so called early and/or late sequels. If conservative therapy remains unsuccessful, surgical treatment often has to be performed. Primary indication has to comply with the symptoms, Side effects in the rectum and signs may be treated for a longer period by means of conservative therapy than those in the small intestine, which often triggers an ileus or malabsorption syndrome. The Stewart-Treves syndrome is discussed in lymphatic edema. PMID- 7339351 TI - [Surgical problems following irradiation therapy: urology (author's transl)]. AB - Late complications involving the bladder and ureter occasionally occur following irradiation to the minor pelvis. Intermittent light bleeding from the bladder can be contained by nonspecific installation therapy. With life-threatening hemorrhage, silver nitrate or formalin instillation is effective. The treatment of irradiation ulcers, irradiation contracted bladder, vesicovaginal fistulae, and late irradiation reactions of the ureter are discussed in incurable bladder contractions and vesicovaginal fistulae, a supravesicle urinary diversion is necessary. PMID- 7339352 TI - [Surgery during pregnancy from a gynecological aspect (author's transl)]. AB - The obstetrician and surgeon have to make a joint decision when considering surgery on pregnant women, since pregnancy complicates diagnosis and therapy. Hollow organs are dilated, circulation is more labile, and infections spread faster in the abdomen. Operative insult and anesthesia are dangerous to the child. When-ever operations can be postponed, they should be performed post partum. Damage from infection and even transitory shock can endanger the child's life as a result of hypoxia, and it may be expelled prematurely. The maturity of the fetus which should be checked by ultrasonics, influences consideration of a caesarean section. Nevertheless, it may be necessary for technical reasons to aid the mother if there is lack of space. The perioperative activities of the uterus and cardiac frequency as well as the beta-adrenergic tocolysis are to be controlled by cardiotocography. PMID- 7339353 TI - [Surgery during pregnancy from the surgeon' point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339354 TI - [Surgery in pregnancy from the radiologist's point of view (author's transl)]. AB - Radiological examinations should be limited to day 10 post menstr. Low doses result in extremely insignificant somatic and genetic risks. The latest recommendations of the German Radiological Society are designed to protect pregnancy. Doses between 1 to 2 rad/rem are to be estimated, those up to 10 rad/rem should be calculated, and doses up to a maximum of 20 rad/rem must be measured. Sonography and endoscopy are to be given preference. Maximum radiological protection requires methods that keep the doses down to a minimum, such as: photography by image intensifier, T. V.-fluoroscopy, and video-tape recorder. PMID- 7339355 TI - [Surgery in pregnancy from an endoscopy viewpoint]. AB - Gastrointestinal endoscopy with flexible instruments is also a suitable method for pregnant women. Pregnancy is generally not a contraindication for use of the endoscopy, and additional special preparations are usually not necessary. In cases with unclear upper abdominal pain the esophagogastro-duodenoscopy with thin instruments is more suitable than X-ray examination. An indication for the coloscopy can occur in patients with relapsing peranal hemorrhage or diarrhea. For obstructive jaundice ERCP with PTC is the diagnostic method of choice. PMID- 7339357 TI - [Clinical picture, differential diagnosis, and conservative therapy of biliary obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - The history, clinical picture, and laboratory values are clues in the diagnosis of biliary obstruction. The next diagnostic procedure for the differentiation between intra- and extrahepatic obstruction is an ultrasound study. Bile duct dilatation, cholelithiasis, hydrops, and empyema can be detected quickly and reliably. Surgical and endoscopic procedures are used for the treatment of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. In special cases the lysis of the gallstones is possible with drugs given systemically or through a nasobiliary tube. PMID- 7339356 TI - [Obstructive jaundice of benign and malignant origins pathologic anatomy and histology]. PMID- 7339358 TI - [Obstructive jaundice of benign and malignant origin: radiodiagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Sonography and abdominal survey are the basic image-producing examinations in obstructive jaundice. Excretory cholegraphy fails when the serum bilirubin level is more than 2 mg%. The method of choice for direct visualization of the biliary tract is to try an endoscopic retrograde contrast injection. If this fails, percutaneous transhepatic cholegraphy may be offered with more than 90% accuracy. This simple technique is easily changed into percutaneous biliary drainage. Our experience with more than 120 cases is reported. PMID- 7339359 TI - [Obstructive jaundice of benign and malignant origin: endoscopy in diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Laparoscopy and laparoscopic cholecysto-cholangiography for diagnosis of obstructive jaundice have been superseded by ERCP. ERCP is indicated in all patients with bilirubinaemia over 2 mg%. Surgery for obstructive jaundice should be abandoned in favour of surgery for common bile duct concretion, benign or malignant stenosis or periampullary neoplasia, as diagnosed by ERCP. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for recurrent common bile duct concretion is preferred in patients more than 60 years old. Biliary drainage techniques for litholysis or palliative tumour therapy have widely enlarged the spectrum of endoscopic surgery. PMID- 7339360 TI - [Obstructive jaundice of benign and malignant origin: anesthesia]. AB - In the preparation for operation and anesthesia, as well as in the choice of drugs for premedication and actual anesthesia, the anesthesiologist should be primarily concerned about avoiding additional impairment of liver function. The result of an inquiry shows that neuroleptanalgesia is by far the most commonly used anesthetic method. In general, anesthetics that have to be detoxified in the liver microsomes are to be dispensed with. Regional anesthesia is advisable only in combination with general anesthesia. A well balanced postoperative infusion therapy is of utmost importance. PMID- 7339361 TI - [Surgical therapy of benign obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. AB - The Mirizzi syndrome is the cause of one-third of all cases of benign obstructive jaundice; the therapy is cholecystectomy. Cholangiography is indispensible, manometry and choledochoscopy optional. Choledocholithiasis occurs in 50%. First, the stones are washed out and a Fogarty catheter is used, followed by spoon and forceps. Stenoses of the papilla are mostly dilated; therefore, transduodenal sphincterotomy in fibrotic stenoses should be used for impacted stones and suspected carcinoma of the papilla. The goal is definitive therapy during the first procedure, preserving anatomy and physiology; endoscopic sphincterotomy should be used for the second operation if possible. PMID- 7339362 TI - [Obstructive icterus in children]. PMID- 7339363 TI - [Surgical management of malignant obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant obstructive jaundice is invariably a disease endangering life. Since there are no prodromal symptoms, nearly one-fourth of the patients are primarily inoperable when seen, and in one-fifth is the tumor resectable. Even in operable cases success is moderate; the highest and longest rates of survival can be achieved with papillary carcinoma. A substantial chance lies in the decisive improvement and shortening of preoperative diagnostics. PMID- 7339364 TI - [Documentation in the surgical department: mandatory key systems]. AB - Decision to use a particular key system depends mainly on whether it it used regularly and whether it is possible to translate it into another key system. A study is being made on the translation of the surgical therapy key system VESKA and others. The ICD and Immich systems are among the diagnostic key systems available. Oncology relies mainly upon the TNM system developed by UICC; the key for tumour localisation is used and the most important data can be recorded on the basic investigation sheet. PMID- 7339365 TI - [Possibilities for the application of electronic data processing in surgical departments (author's transl)]. AB - The primary precondition for the application of electronic data processing (EDP) are organisational measures including adequate personnel who are needed for preparatory work. Special documentation and coding systems must be introduced for the purpose of data preparation, whereby the size of the EDP equipment (hardware) depends on the problem to be tackled. The EDP programms (software) should be designed in such a way that every doctor is able to operate the EDP equipment even with little knowledge of data processing. Equipment ranges from minicomputers and centralized computer systems to integrated information systems. Whereas today well-designed application models for minicomputers already exist, the integrated information system is still in a development stage. PMID- 7339366 TI - [Large computers or decentralized small computers? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339367 TI - [Urgent acute situations for the general surgery department - presented with examples]. PMID- 7339368 TI - [Urgent acute situations for the general surgery department: craniocerebral trauma]. AB - In the management of accident patients a physician must be able to recognize the life-threatening complications of craniocerebral trauma. Therefore, he must be well versed in the symptomatology of such complications and by a short neurological examination be able to find out the risk to the patient. Only in this way is it possible to decide whether the patient has to be merely observed or additional neuroradiological investigation is necessary, whether he has to be transferred to a neurosurgical department or in emergency cases be operated on immediately. In acute epidural hematoma, e.g., with signs of midbrain compression, an instantaneous trephination is imperative; therefore, a general surgeon, too, should have the ability to perform such an operation, the technique of which is described in the paper. PMID- 7339369 TI - [Chest injuries]. PMID- 7339370 TI - [Pulmonary embolism: transsternal embolectomy without ECC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339371 TI - [Blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries]. AB - During the last 10 years 0.45% of all our patients were operated on because of blunt (92) or penetrating (22) abdominal trauma. In the acute phase, diagnosis can be made on clinical symptoms alone. Of the early diagnostic procedures, peritoneal lavage is most reliable. Laparoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and arteriography are procedures used later, but only when the patient's circulation is stable. The most frequent injury encountered is splenic rupture, followed by rupture of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. When one single organ is injured, lethality is under 10% and grows to more than 30% when several organs are injured. PMID- 7339372 TI - [Acute vascular surgical situations]. PMID- 7339373 TI - [Resuscitation]. AB - The newest resuscitation methods are summarized, and the time to train is now! Time can be saved by mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Adjuncts for opening the airway should be avoided as an initial measure (masks, bellow devices, S tube, esophageal tube, endotracheal tube). Use the percordial thumb in nonhypoxic cases. Make sure that epinephrine is available for use within the first minute of CPCR. If there is no diastolic pressure, there is no flow in the coronary system. Use 6 J/kg body wt. for defibrillation. Drugs and blood-volume increase (dextran 60) should be used alternatively to maintain a stable blood pressure and adequate circulation in the brain as well. PMID- 7339374 TI - [Retrospective trials in surgery: an introduction to terminology and specific problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339375 TI - [Necessity and field of application of retrospective analyses in a time of prospective controlled studies (author's transl)]. AB - Prospective controlled studies give the most reliable background for clinical decisions. To use them correctly, however, many strict premises have to be fulfilled that are often impossible in practice. If no research is conducted in these cases, however, that means disastrous dependence on one method. The main application of retrospective analyses is therefore in the sense of a second-best solution. Furthermore, retrospective consideration is a genuine necessity for medical research if you are interested in the critical reflection of your own work and in dealing with new problems. PMID- 7339376 TI - [Controversial viewpoints on the use of historical controls: Is there an all-or nothing law?]. AB - In the field of clinical trials the choice of appropriate controls has often given rise to controversy. Historical controls rely too often on biased, incomplete, and inappropriate information. Historical controls may be suitable if the natural history of the illness is known and stable or for planning prospective studies. The minimal requirement for use of historical controls is to explain the methods by which the data were collected. When the goal of clinical investigation is to test for a true difference, a randomized clinical study should be performed. PMID- 7339377 TI - [The retrospective view of controlled clinical trials: is the subsequent formation of subgroups allowed? (author's transl)]. AB - Additional data appearing in clinical trials can be evaluated only outside the protocol, i.e. retrospectively. An exclusion of patients before randomization is feasible, a withdrawal of patients after randomization is not allowed, but if unavoidable a "central blind review" should be introduced. No loss of patients should occur after the closing of the study. Differences in prognostic factors between groups of patients can be overcome by retrospective stratification. If there are different outcomes, a subsequent significance test at the 1% level is considered as well as a free interpretation. PMID- 7339378 TI - [The meaning of specialist and adequate documentation for retrospective analysis of sicknesses (author's transl)]. AB - The example of a historic comparative study on the value of the application of inhibitions on thrombocyte aggregation (inhibition of thrombocyte function) was used to prove how important such data can be. Mistakes can also be discovered. Clinical comparisons can only be made when investigations have been made using a planned form to note anamnesis and other data. Special pre-illness history, the findings and course of the illness are not noted on a planned form. These conditions also allow an opinion to be formed from retrospective study of a case. The results help to build a prospective and randomized work. PMID- 7339379 TI - [Fractures of the ankle joint and the astragalus. New aspects in diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Five separate problems are discussed: additional lesions of the ankle joint in lower-leg fractures; posterior plate fixation of short oblique distal fibula fracture; reversed lag-screw fixation of small avulsed fragment of the medial malleolus; reduction of smaller posterior tibia lip fragment through the lateral malleolus; primary tibiotalar fusion in the most severe astragalar fractures. PMID- 7339380 TI - [Fractures and dislocation fractures of os calcis, tarsi, metatarsi, and hallux (author's transl)]. AB - During a 25-year period, 24995 total patients were treated in the Unfallkrankenhaus in Meidling including: 3502 fractures of the os calcis, 919 dislocation fractures of the ossea tarsalea, 9675 fractures and dislocation fractures of the os metatarsalia, and 10899 fractures of the halux. For example, a walking cast was used for undislocated fractures; for unstable dislocated fractures, reduction and fixation with percutaneous wires were used. The same treatment was applied to fractures of the os calcis, with special consideration paid to circulation and age (limitation of 50 years). The treatment results are given for 197 fractures of the os calcis fixated by wire and for 32 Lisfranc dislocation fractures. PMID- 7339381 TI - [Is there any new development in the treatment and diagnosis of esophageal and cardial carcinoma? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339382 TI - [Late results after dislocations and fractures of the ankle and foot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339383 TI - [What is new in the diagnosis and therapy of esophagus and cardia cancer? Epidemiology]. PMID- 7339384 TI - [Mechanical sutures in esophageal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Hospital lethality in patients with esophagoenteral anastomosis is high: in carcinoma of the esophagus, it is about 30%; in total gastrectomy for carcinoma, it is 43.6%. In both cases, sutureline insufficiency is responsible for more than 43%. As our results indicate, anastomosis with the EEA is the fastest and most secure in all esophagoenteral junctions if it is secured by invagination or covered by serosa. This is shown by our results in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus and stomach, as well as in dissecting procedures in patients with esophagus varices. PMID- 7339385 TI - [Automatic stapling devices in the surgery of the lung and the bronchial tree (author's transl)]. AB - Until 1969 the bronchial stump was closed by hand with a suture of steel wire; the rate of empyemas reached 4.2%. After using the automatic stapler device TA 30 and TA 55 the postoperative empyema rate, including stump, insufficiencies, decreased to an average of 3%. Since 1972 the stapling devices had been used regularly in lung surgery. The rate of postoperative empyema and stump insufficiency in 378 patients operated 1974-1980 dropped to 1.6%. Technical and surgical failures were the cause for the disasters. For 4 years there has been no stump insufficiency. PMID- 7339386 TI - [Progress in the treatment of esophageal and cardial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - Progress has been made in the treatment of esophageal and cardial carcinomas in three areas: (1) a special type of esophageal cancer -- the adeno-carcinoma in the columnar lines lower esophagus -- gained more clinical relevance. In the absence of other therapeutical possibilities this type of esophageal cancer is of great importance to surgery. (2) New diagnostic procedures, e.g. computer tomography, make a very good preoperative staging possible. As a result of this staging diagnostic thoracotomy or laparotomy have become avoidable and the surgical procedure can be planned. (3) An adequate preparation of the patient, e.g. by preoperative nutritional support, significantly reduces operative morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7339387 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of esophagus cancer]. PMID- 7339388 TI - [Endoscopy of esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The late stages of symptomatic esophageal carcinoma rarely present diagnostic difficulties. Nevertheless, the tumor must be bioptically analyzed and defined to decide on proper treatment. Our future aim is to diagnose esophageal carcinoma at an early stage. Dysphagia should increasingly be accepted as an indication for endoscopy. Biopsy should be accompanied by cytology and vital staining. Regular controls in risk groups should help to improve the poor prognosis of esophageal carcinoma in our country. PMID- 7339389 TI - [Abdomino-cervical esophagectomy]. AB - Esophagectomy without thoracotomy is performed by an abdomino-cervical blunt dissection. A cancer-free margin after resection is only possible after total esophagectomy. The proximal stomach including the lymph nodes at the right and left paracardia and the whole of the lesser curvature are removed with the esophagus. The food canal is restored by splitting the stomach longitudinally and forming a stomach tube from the greater curvature. This stomach tube is pulled up to the neck through the now empty mediastinum and anastomosed. This movement is easy because the blood supply of the esophagus flows craniocaudally and not segmentally. This technique has a low mortality: in 20 cases only 3 patients died (15%). PMID- 7339390 TI - [Chemotherapy of esophageal and cardial carcinomas]. AB - In esophageal carcinoma chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin, methotrexate, cisplatin, VP-16, and vindesine produce remission rates up to 30%. Combination chemotherapy resulting in remission rates of about 50% has so far been insufficiently tested. Selection of patients with favorable prognostic criteria is mandatory for optimal treatment results. A combined modality approach is promising but needs further evaluation. The FAM regimen is recommended for the routine treatment of inoperable stomach carcinoma. The specific problems of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer chemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 7339391 TI - [What is new in diagnosis and treatment of bronchial carcinoma?]. PMID- 7339392 TI - Epidemiology of leprosy. Proceedings of an international symposium, Geilo, Norway, September 1981. PMID- 7339393 TI - The effect of rapid socio-economic development on the frequency of leprosy in a population. PMID- 7339394 TI - Population studies: potential and limitations for analysis of genetic and non genetic factors in leprosy. PMID- 7339395 TI - The torments and blessings of the leprosy epidemiometric model. PMID- 7339396 TI - Problems in the collection and analysis of data in leprosy studies. PMID- 7339397 TI - Lepromin as an indicator and inducer of protective immunity. PMID- 7339399 TI - Leprosy at the interface between epidemiology and basic research. PMID- 7339398 TI - The control of specificity of skin test reagents. PMID- 7339400 TI - Leprosy--a zoonosis. PMID- 7339401 TI - [Female "smoker's cancer" in SR Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339402 TI - [Right bundle branch block in the electrocardiogram - a prospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339403 TI - [Vulnus morsum canis - a contribution to the local cooperation of physicians and veterinarians in the prevention of rabies in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339404 TI - [Reye's syndrome associated with transient ornithine-transcarbamylase deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339405 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica isolated on the territory of Zagreb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339406 TI - [Rabies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339407 TI - [Osteoporosis and fractures in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339408 TI - [The diagnostic and forensic significance of olfactometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339409 TI - [Good health to everybody in the year 2000 and preventive medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339411 TI - Urinary 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid determination--an improvement in specificity. PMID- 7339410 TI - Hepatitis infection in clinical laboratory staff. PMID- 7339412 TI - Sister chromatid exchange assays: pre-scanning of chemicals for subtoxic levels. PMID- 7339414 TI - Book reviews in scientific journals. PMID- 7339413 TI - Are trichloroethane-based substitutes safer than xylene? PMID- 7339415 TI - Assay of free thyroxine in serum: a preliminary comparison of three commercial kits. PMID- 7339416 TI - Effect of oxidation upon demonstration of corneal oxytalan fibres: a light and electron microscopical study. PMID- 7339417 TI - [Treatment of leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. AB - Review of the drugs at our disposal to treat leishmaniasis, according to the geographical and clinical aspects of the disease. Dosages, cautions for use and side-effects are indicated, as well as associated treatments required in visceral leishmaniasis to get full effect of the specific drug and avoid therapeutic incidents. PMID- 7339418 TI - [Evaluation of regimens for mass-treatment of onchocerciasis by diethylcarbamazine (author's transl)]. AB - We tested three regimens to find the most effective, best tolerated and most practical therapeutic scheme for the mass treatment of onchocerciasis by diethylcarbamazine. The schemes with a short induction cure followed by a single dose of medication every two months were better than a long and only curative course of medication without maintenance doses. The schemes with induction cure and maintenance doses given every two months were more effective and practical than weekly maintenance doses with or without induction cures tried by other authors. The preferred treatment protocol is the following: an induction cure of ten days with a starter dose of 25 mg the first day, 50 mg the second, 100 mg the third, 200 mg for each of the remaining seven days. This induction procedure is extremely effective and is well maintained by a single dose of 200 mg every two months. After one year, the dermal microfilarial density was found to increase slightly. The study must be continued to determine whether a second course of induction therapy is necessary. PMID- 7339419 TI - [Epidemiological and etiologic aspects of children acute gastro-enteritis in Kinshasa (author's transl)]. AB - From 1972 to 1974 a retrospective study on acute gastroenteritis has been done, at Kinshasa University Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics; the frequency of these gastro-enteric syndromes at admission is estimated about 18 p. 100. Majority of the cases occurred before 3 years old (92 p. 100), malnourished infants and children being exposed (91 p. 100). The pathogens were isolated in 44 p. 100 of the cases, bacterial etiology being dominated by Salmonella, which represent 2/3 of the cases; 99 p. 100 of the Salmonella strains are resistant to one or many antibacterial drugs. Seventy-nine of the infants and children died (8 p. 100): may be measles and malnutrition have played an important role in this wrong clinic evolution. PMID- 7339420 TI - [Diphteric and tetanic antitoxins seric values in the first year of life, before and after immunization an horizontal survey in Mozambic (author's transl)]. AB - Successive evaluations of diphtheritic (AD) and tetanic antitoxin have been made from birth to twelve months in infants receiving at 3, 4 and 5 months an immunization with antidiphtheritic, antitetanic and absorbed antimeasles vaccine. The decrease of AD of maternal origin is not, contrary to common opinion, regularly exponential. Factors influencing the elimination of AD from maternal origin are discussed. An important decrease is often observed after the first immunizing infection. AD level evolution is independent from that to IgG but there is a correspondence at birth in mother and infant between the highest values of AD and the lowest values of total proteides. The commonly observed existence of AD in mother blood indicates the persistence in Maputo of a strong diphteric endemy, and this justifies the association of the antidiphtheritic vaccination to the antitetanic one. After immunization, high levels of antibodies are always reached for tetanic antitoxin and a little less, regularly, for AD. High levels of AD are more frequent in infants having demonstrated no infectious symptoms. Towards the end of the first year, antibodies levels frequently decrease. From these findings possible ways are discussed for immunizing infants in Africa with antitoxins. PMID- 7339421 TI - [Intestinal amoebiasis in Zaire children (author's transl)]. AB - A study of 385 cases of acute intestinal amoebiasis observed from 1960 to 1978 in the clinic of pediatrics of Kinshasa university. The epidemiologic, diagnostic aspects and the evolution are considered. The disease is responsible for 1,6 p. 100 of the admissions in the clinic of pediatrics for the considered period, with most cases (75 p. 100) in children under six years. Diagnosis, easily suspected if a dysenteric syndrome is obvious, is then confirmed by the detection of hematophagous amoebas in the stools. In children affected by malnutrition, incidence of complications and a lethal rate are both high. PMID- 7339422 TI - [Coprological investigation into a group of 268 South East Asia refugees (author's transl)]. AB - A coprological investigation has been carried out on 268 refugees from the South Eastern Asiatic region. They were separated in two groups, one having received no treatment and the other having received a systematic treatment by diphetarsone, 1.-tetramisole and thiabendazole. In the first group, the infestation rate by protozoa (E. histolytica: 3,68 p. 100, G. lamblia: 9,2 p. 100, T. intestinalis: 9,81 p. 100) was lower than by helminths (A. lumbricoides: 17,44 p. 100, Ancylostomidae: 44,17 p. 100 and S. stercoralis: 25,58 p. 100) which were more frequently found. After a systematic treatment, effects on intestinal protozoa remained nearly inexistent. Indeed, the same percentages were found in the second group, whereas antihelmintic drugs were more active particularly on A. lumbricoides (4,94 p. 100) and S. stercolaris (5,49 p. 100). The compiled data have shown a high percentage of ancylostomidae infection which lead the authors to propose the systematic application of the described nematocide therapy. PMID- 7339423 TI - [Recent detection of a schistosomiasis focus with S. mansoni in a high region of Rwanda (author's transl)]. AB - A schistosomiasis focus infested by S. mansoni has been recently detected in the North-Western region of Rwanda (average altitude 1800 m). The soil is rich. The small homesteads are scattered. Only a part of the population, living on the bank of the lakes Bulera and Ruhondo, is mainly concerned with fishery. The endemy is not negligible, in spite of unfavourable climatic conditions, and of lakes water temperature never reaching 25 degrees C. But all other conditions required for the growth and the transmission of the parasite are present: mollusks are abundant, mainly Biomphalaria pfeifferi. An epidemiologic study carried out through stool exams among the water-side population (11.857 persons) demonstrated a low incidence of the disease. It is possible to conclude that there is no evident correlation between the schistosoma infestation and the disease incidence. PMID- 7339424 TI - [Sensitivity of S. intercalatum to praziquantel (author's transl)]. AB - The stools of 35 patients with S. intercalatum bilharziasis are examined 48 hours, 45 days and 6 months after treatment, using praziquantel, a new trematodicide drug, in an individual single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. The number of eggs per gram of faeces is not significantly reduced 2 days after treatment. After 45 days however eggs are only to be found in the stool of one patient among the 25 treated persons who were seen for control. Six months later 23 persons were examined again and 3 stools specimens were found positive, this being possibly due to reinfection. The drug has been well tolerated, except for minor side effects such as headache, nausea and abdominal discomfort. PMID- 7339425 TI - [Biology on Clipperton Islet or the consequences on survival by a lack of balance in an ecosystem (author's transl)]. AB - Alone amid the wide Pacific Ocean, Clipperton islet is an extreme case of survival on an atoll or a desert island. With such an environment damageable to man, the understanding of it is a main component of survival. Thus, the major part of the dangers can be avoided and on the motherland all the necessary parts to a long-lasting survival can be met with. PMID- 7339426 TI - [2 cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Zaire]. AB - Report of two cases of primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis observed in Zaire. The microscopic exam of each spinal fluid showed a leucocytosis and the presence of mobile amoebas. Both patients had probably been infected when bathing in small rural ponds. With no amphotericine B available, the authors gave miconazole by intravenous perfusions and intrathecal injections. This treatment had no effect neither on the aspect of the spinal fluid nor on the evolution, and death occurred rapidly. PMID- 7339427 TI - [Some aspects of histoplasmosis in Republic of Mexico (author's transl)]. AB - Primitive pulmonary histoplasmosis is a rural endemy in Republic of Mexico. Many cases remain unknown because the lack of specialized facilities. Contamination is always due to guano bats. In 1979, the author observed 8 epidemic foci involving 79 patients, with a high mortality. PMID- 7339428 TI - [Note on the detection of hemoglobin lepore in a Senegalaise (author's transl)]. AB - After reviewing briefly the characteristic features of hemoglobins Lepore, their distribution and their clinical symptoms, the authors report on a senegalese case. PMID- 7339429 TI - [Risks of confusion in the laboratory detection of drepanocytosis (author's transl)]. AB - A brief review of the most usual methods for detecting hemoglobin S, their principles, their limits and interpretations. The author, then, considers the identification of hemoglobin S either isolated or associated with other abnormal hemoglobins or with thalassemiae. He emphasizes the techniques preventing some confusion in results interpretation. Problems in identifying HbS in new-born baby are also considered. PMID- 7339430 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in central nervous system diseases (cerebral T wave). Clinical study of 20 cases]. PMID- 7339431 TI - Non tuberculous mycobacterioses in Buenos Aires. PMID- 7339432 TI - [Plasma clearance of radiocolloids in alcoholic hepatopathies]. PMID- 7339433 TI - Mechanism of potassium secretion in chronic renal failure studied by means of amiloride. PMID- 7339434 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies of the liver in tuberculosis patients receiving rifampin and isoniazid]. PMID- 7339435 TI - Effect of dietary protein on hepatic handling of sulfobromophthalein. PMID- 7339436 TI - [Cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions in obese normolipemic women with or without reduction of glucose tolerance]. PMID- 7339438 TI - [Incidence of hepatic changes in relation to the isoniazid acetylator phenotype]. PMID- 7339437 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus, kyphoscoliosis, acute respiratory insufficiency and uremia]. PMID- 7339439 TI - [Iron metabolism and serum lysozyme as exponents of nonspecific resistance of workers exposed to CS-2]. AB - The paper was aimed at an evaluation of nonspecific humoral resistance in CS2 chronically exposed workers. The studies covered 68 men of medium, 16 years, duration of employment in exposure and 20 controls. In all subjects the concentration of lysozyme and some ferrum economy parameters were determined. In the group of chronically CS2 exposed workers the serum lysozyme index was found to be statistically significantly decreased. In addition, in 14.7% of subjects, increased ferrum concentration and increased index of plasmatic transferin saturation with ferrum were found as well as statistically significant decrease in lysozyme concentration and index. The observed changes in the parameters concerned, contributing to the system of humoral nonspecific resistance may result in an increased infectious diseases incidence among the CS2 exposed workers. PMID- 7339440 TI - [Variations in body weight as a function of age and smoking in physical workers]. AB - The body weight of 181 men performing physical work at an industrial plant was observed for a long time. The rate of excessive body weight was about 20% and varied with age and smoking. In those with excessive body weight during 5 years a significantly higher rate of circulatory system diseases was found. The relative risk of circulatory system diseases was twice higher in those with excessive body weight, as compared to those with low body weight. PMID- 7339441 TI - [Sociological description of an occupational group of industrial physicians]. AB - The paper presents the results of evaluating the socioprofessional position of industrial physicians all over the country. Those results were obtained from a postal questionnaire which was sent from the Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, in 1979, to over 70% of physicians employed in occupational health service. The paper presents a description of one of the many items investigated, i.e. the description of socio-demographic features and selected features describing the qualifications. The general "sociologic" picture of the population concerned is as follows: on the whole the sex proportions of industrial physicians are almost equalized although women dominate (56%), yet the feminizing tendency in that category of specialists is increasing. Industrial physicians are mostly middle aged people (mainly 40 years old) of nearly 20--years' employment as physicians. Although they have carried on their profession for a long time, the industrial physicians have I degree specialization (every third) or they have no formal specialization at all. Among those specialized the most numerous are specialists of internal diseases and industrial medicine--the latter comprising only 1.3 of the subjects. PMID- 7339442 TI - [Occupational exposure to oil mist resulting from the use of cutting fluids]. AB - Basing on literature data on toxic effects of oil mist as well as on the results of epidemiological studies, an airborne concentration of 5 mg/m3 of oil mist was suggested as a safe value and 10 mg/m3--as a limit value MAC. Analytical methods used to determine oil mist in the air were surveyed. The fluorescence method was regarded as the best one for evaluation of occupational exposure within low concentrations. Also the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons seems to be advisable at the workstations where cutting fluids are used. A number of recommendations wee given aimed at a decrease in occupational risk at work with oils and oil emulsions used as a cooler. PMID- 7339443 TI - [Platelet aggregation in cast iron foundry workers]. PMID- 7339444 TI - A flow cytometry study of the cell cycle and of ploidy levels in Physarum polycephalum myxamoebae and plasmodia. AB - The cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum myxamoebae, as well as haploid and diploid and plasmodia, was analysed using laser microfluorometry. The data obtained indicate that the cell cycle of all strains examined are similar. The DNA profiles also indicate that a haploid ploidy level is still uncertain and show conclusively that spontaneous chromosome loss is a parameter of concern in research involving these organisms. PMID- 7339445 TI - Protein and RNA composition of a mild (W) and a severe (P6) strain of cucumber mosaic virus. AB - The protein and RNA composition of mild (W) and severe (P6) chlorosis-inducing strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) have been compared. The coat polypeptide of both strains migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 26.9 +/- 0.4 (95%) x 10(3) on SDS polyacrylamide gels. They also co-migrated, and showed no anomaly in SDS binding, on SDS agarose gels. Their amino acid compositions were similar except for small differences in the number of alanine, glycine and proline residues. Analysis by double immuno-diffusion revealed a fast migrating antigen, which showed a reaction of identity between strains, and also a slow migrating antigen which showed a reaction of partial identity. Both CMV-P6 and CMV-W possessed a normal genome complement of RNAs 1 to 4. In addition, an isolate of both strains was found that contained large quantities of satellite RNA 5. However, its presence did not modify symptom severity in tobacco or tomato. PMID- 7339446 TI - Viability of six species of normal oropharyngeal bacteria after exposure to cigarette smoke in vitro. AB - Bacteria in culture medium at 37 degrees C were subjected to eight puffs of smoke from one cigarette, and viable cell counts were done at intervals ranging from 0 min to 3 h after exposure to smoke. The cigarette contained 23.0 mg of tar and 1.4 mg of nicotine. Each 25.0 ml puff of smoke from a mechanical smoking apparatus was passed over a 1.0 ml suspension of bacteria dispersed over a 25 cm2 surface in a sterile flask. Filtered air was in contact with the suspension between puffs, and during the intervals between smoke treatment and viable cell counts being done. There was a marked decrease in numbers of viable Branhamella catarrhalis at 15 min after exposure to smoke, and by 1 h there were no viable cells in suspensions which originally contained 10(7) bacteria. No reduction in the number of viable Branhamella catarrhalis occurred in an untreated suspension of the micro-organism. There was a marked decrease in viable Neisseria perflava at 30 min, and by 3 h there were no viable cells. There was a 4 to 5 log10 reduction of viable Neisseria sicca compared with untreated bacteria at 3 h after exposure to smoke. Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguis were less susceptible to the harmful action of cigarette smoke, and by 3 h there were 1 to 2 log10 differences in viable cell counts between smoke-treated and untreated bacteria. Non-filter cigarette smoke had a greater detrimental effect on all species of bacteria studied than smoke from filter-tipped cigarettes. PMID- 7339447 TI - Billing Blues. PMID- 7339448 TI - MSMS public service committee emphasizes education. PMID- 7339449 TI - Conversations with over 600 form basis for MSMS survey. PMID- 7339450 TI - Cost, quality of medical care ranked in MSMS survey. PMID- 7339452 TI - New JCAH accreditation manual out. PMID- 7339451 TI - Health education comes into own just as funds shrink away. PMID- 7339453 TI - New federal tax laws may make your estate plan obsolete. PMID- 7339454 TI - Computers: issues and alternatives. PMID- 7339455 TI - Amway founder tells physicians to stop apologizing. PMID- 7339456 TI - Presidents' page: welcoming new students to the medical family. PMID- 7339457 TI - Your ideas may become national medical policy. PMID- 7339458 TI - Twenty years age, MSMS headquarters changed from this ... to this ... do your remember? PMID- 7339459 TI - MSMS wants you -- residents and students. PMID- 7339460 TI - Physician Service Group, Inc. PMID- 7339461 TI - MSMS arms physician leaders to meet difficult economic times. PMID- 7339462 TI - Which retirement plan for you? PMID- 7339463 TI - Members must be 70 and retired for ama dues-exempt status. PMID- 7339464 TI - Presidents page: medical society membership like a white coat. Interview by Judith E. Marr. PMID- 7339465 TI - The Bureau of Radiological Health: what has it done for me lately? PMID- 7339466 TI - Physical principles of local heat therapy for cancer. AB - Local hyperthermia therapy for cancer can produce selective heating of solid tumors on the basis of known physical laws. If energy is deposited in the general region of the tumor, temperature tends to develop in the tumor higher than that in surrounding normal tissues. The goal of therapy is to achieve cytotoxic temperature elevations in the tumor for an adequate period of time, without damaging nearby normal tissues. Several modalities exist for local heat treatment, of which radiofrequency and ultrasound offer the most promise for controlled, localized heating at depth. A paucity of blood flow in the tumor compared to that in adjacent normal tissues can enhance selective tumor heating considerably. The tumor types that have reduced flow in their central regions are especially vulnerable to heat therapy, both because they can be heated more efficiently and because hypoxic and acidotic tumor tissues are more susceptible to damage by heat. This effect is more pronounced in larger tumors, which have smaller surface-to-volume ratios and so lose heat less rapidly by thermal diffusion. Selective heat treatment of larger tumor masses with low blood perfusion, therefore, is physically practical and rational therapy. Vigorous research efforts are now underway at many centers to optimize this approach. PMID- 7339467 TI - The burned-out clinical engineer. AB - Considerable stress can be induced within hospital-based clinical engineers whenever unrealized expectations combine with a dynamic, goal-oriented personality. Unmanaged, this stress becomes the mental overload that eventually burns these clinical engineers out. As a result, in part, clinical engineering is losing its most valuable resource; for as clinical engineers( and BMETs) burn out, they tend to migrate from the hospital to industry, taking a wealth of talent and leadership with them. Understanding the etiology of clinical engineering burnout and its symptoms can alert personnel to modify expectations and life-styles to cope with the problem. Prevention techniques include self awareness of expectations and needs, vacations, peer group discussions, outside interests-and ultimately job or career changes. PMID- 7339468 TI - Determining transthoracic impedance, delivered energy, and peak current during defibrillation episodes. AB - A simplified method has been developed to determine peak current, transthoracic impedance, and delivered energy during a damped sinusoidal defibrillation pulse. The discharge waveform information is generated from sampling the peak discharge current through a current transformer and measuring the voltage stored on the energy storage capacitor. For a given defibrillator circuit a unique relationship exists between the peak discharge current IM and the unknown external impedance Rext presented to the defibrillator by the patient; hence, measurement of IM allows calculation of Rext. A microprocessor-controlled algorithm provides delivered energy information using known internal resistance, capacitance, and inductance parameters. The benefit of this method of delivered energy calculation is that the current and voltage waveforms need not be digitized and then integrated to provide the desired information. This method also keeps defibrillation circuitry ground isolated and simplifies operation through the high electromagnetic fields generated during the discharge. The delivered energy information, along with time, date, and other patient parameters, is documented automatically with an annotation strip-chart recorder. PMID- 7339469 TI - The hospital voice pager. PMID- 7339470 TI - Evaluation methodology for selection of computerized clinical ECG interpretation systems. AB - An evaluation procedure used in the selection of a commercial, turn-key computerized system for processing electrocardiograms in a university hospital is described. Within this framework, the processing of ECGs includes data acquisition, pattern recognition, measurement, interpretation, storage, and report generation. The overall objective of this search is to select a system that will improve the quality of ECG services without adversely affecting patient costs. PMID- 7339471 TI - [Analytical chemistry on dry slides. Problems and possibilities]. PMID- 7339472 TI - [Determination of parathyroid hormones and calcitonin]. PMID- 7339474 TI - Our leading cause of preventable death. PMID- 7339473 TI - President's letter: political involvement. PMID- 7339475 TI - Intestinal obstruction in Crohn's disease: medical management. PMID- 7339476 TI - Total aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas. PMID- 7339477 TI - Safety in hockey: cage versus molded masks for goalies, protective helmets for referees. PMID- 7339478 TI - Initial treatment of laryngeal cancer: principles of selection. PMID- 7339479 TI - Ocular manifestations of rheumatic disease: (part ii). PMID- 7339480 TI - Responsibilities of the family practioner and the general internist. PMID- 7339481 TI - The White House Conference on Aging: health services. PMID- 7339482 TI - Basal cell carcinomas: treatment with intralesional injection of lymphokine fraction. PMID- 7339483 TI - Multisite cancer screening: a cancer control experience in secondary prevention. PMID- 7339484 TI - President's message: hospitals. PMID- 7339485 TI - Calcium blockers in coronary heart disease. Part II. PMID- 7339486 TI - Chemical basis for diversity in antibody specificity analysed by hapten binding to monoclonal anti-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl (NP) immunoglobulins. PMID- 7339487 TI - Preservation of freshly isolated liver cells in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. AB - Rat-liver cells obtained through perfusion and collagenase treatment were frozen according to a fixed schedule and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. The metabolic capacity of the cells after thawing was tested by measuring their ability to achieve metabolic activation of cyclophosphamide, which in turn was measured as induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes. The viability and metabolic efficiency of the frozen and thawed cells were comparable with those of fresh cells. PMID- 7339488 TI - Comparison of dominant lethal and heritable translocation methodologies. AB - Groups of male Alderly Park mice of proven fertility were dosed by gavage for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks or 5 consecutive days only with 100 or 150 mg/kg body weight ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) or by intraperitoneal injection once a week for 8 weeks or once only with 500 mg/kg shikimic acid. Animals dosed in this manner were compared in the dominant lethal and heritable translocation assays. Animals were mated for 2 consecutive weeks following the 8-week treatment and for 8 consecutive weeks after the 1-week treatment: regimes which were thus non-specific and specific respectively for the stages of spermatogenesis. An additional method of measuring dominant lethality involving counting uterine scars after weaning (Soares (1972) Mutation Res., 16, 425-427) was used and also compared with the conventional method. EMS was clearly confirmed as a mutagen but this was not the case for shikimic acid. For screening purposes the dominant lethal 8-week mating assay was much more efficient in return for the same effort for detecting mutagenic responses than an 8-week mating heritable translocation assay, since the induction of dominant lethal effects paralleled the induction of heritable translocations. 8-week treatment with EMS showed increased dominant lethality but severely reduced fertility and the small numbers of male offspring born made potential heritable effects difficult to assess. The 1-week treatment with EMS produced both dominant lethal and heritable effects. Soares' method can be useful for determining dominant lethal effects in a heritable translocation assay. The "sieving" method of mating to determine partial and total sterility questions the necessity for a negative control in a heritable translocation study. PMID- 7339489 TI - The German-speaking Section of the European Environmental Mutagen Society. Abstracts of papers presented at the 6th meeting, Darmstadt, 1981. PMID- 7339490 TI - Ectopic pregnancy--a 5 year review of 201 cases. PMID- 7339491 TI - Neonatal intensive care system in Nebraska. PMID- 7339492 TI - Urodynamic assessment of the urologic patient. PMID- 7339493 TI - Diffuse pneumonia and acute respiratory failure due to infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7339494 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of radiolabeled cell surface proteins and glycoproteins of some human hemopoietic cell lines. AB - Cell surface proteins and glycoproteins of several human lymphoblastoid- and neoplastic hemopoietic cell lines were radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase catalysed iodination and by sodium periodate/tritiated sodium borohydride. Electrophoretic patterns of radiolabeled proteins and glycoproteins obtained by electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) were essentially similar for all examined lymphoblastoid cell lines, with a characteristic group of major radiolabeled glycoproteins gp44 and 24,31. Characteristic, individually different and distinguishable patterns of radiolabeled proteins were observed in different neoplastic hemopoietic cell lines: T-leukemia cell line MOLT 3, erythroleukemic cell line K562, pre-B cell leukemia line NALM 6, and a promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Cell surface proteins of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line displayed some similarities to those of another myeloid leukemia cell line ML 3. Examined Burkitt lymphoma cell lines were similar to lymphoblastoid cell lines with some minor differences. Glycoprotein gp44, markedly labeled on lymphoblastoid cell lines, was absent on Burkitt lymphoma cell line Daudi. Electrophoretic patterns of cell surface proteins of blast cells from a few patients with leukemia examined simultaneously with the cell lines are described and discussed. PMID- 7339495 TI - Immunoprecipitation of membrane proteins of cultured human sarcoma cells. AB - Human sarcoma associated antigens (HSAA) have previously been identified by indirect immune fluorescence in human sarcoma cells in culture using sera from patients bearing different types of sarcoma. To further characterize these HSAA, surface proteins of cultured cells were labeled with 125Iodine, [3H]-glucosamine and [35S]-methionine and solubilized. After immunoprecipitation labeled proteins were detected in immune complexes by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, which allowed comparison with antigens described by other groups. A surface protein (Mr 96 000) was precipitated with sera from sarcoma bearing patients, and two glycoproteins (Mr 115 000 and 85 000) were preferentially precipitated with antisera from rabbits immunized with membranes from two human sarcoma cell lines. At least two of these proteins were found in each of five human sarcoma cell lines studied (U-4SS, U-3930S, U-20S, B-5GT and B 6FS). None of the proteins were precipitated with three human control sera, and only occasionally a faint band was observed in immunoprecipitates from control cells (B-25F, B-41B, B-42FC, U-2S, and U-393S with the immune sera. These proteins are probably some of the antigens responsible for the immune fluorescence observed in determination of HSAA. However, purification of the proteins and competition experiments are needed before this can be finally established. PMID- 7339496 TI - Establishment of a human cell line (B-25F) derived from a fibroma of buccal epithelium. AB - A new cell line (B-25F) obtained from a benign polypoid fibrous lesion of the mucosa of oral cavity is described. The cells at first grew in suspension but after a month of cultivation they began to adhere and subsequently formed a monolayer typical for fibroblastoid cells. Population doubling time both in lower and higher passages was 60 h. Electron microscopy studies failed to detect any viral particles or mycoplasmas. A comparison of cell surface glycoproteins of fibroblasts (B-41FB), fibroma cells (B-25F), and fibrosarcoma cells (B-6FS) was made. These lines share common traits in their surface membranes although distinct differences among the individual lines could be detected. Karyological analysis showed that 64% of cells contained 46 chromosomes. This number veiled both diploid and pseudodiploid karyotypes. An aberrant chromosome, t(13;18?) was found. For isoenzyme comparison of B-41FB, B-25F, B-6FS, and HeLa cell lines the mobility of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6-PD) was employed. All these lines had LDH patterns of human cells, and a G-6-PD pattern of phenotype B except that of HeLa cells that had phenotype A. PMID- 7339497 TI - Study of cell-mediated immunity in B77 tumor bearing rats by 51chromium release assay. AB - Cell immunity was followed in Lewis rats with transplanted syngeneic B77 tumors, by means of the cytotoxic 51chromium release test. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, or from regional lymph nodes of tumor bearing animals, cocultured for 24 h with target B77 cells had an enhanced cytotoxic effect on target cells in comparison with lymphocytes of control donors. This effect of the lymphocytes still increased during 48 h of coculture. PMID- 7339498 TI - Experimental biotherapy by leptospiral infection. IX. Quantitative titration of the tumoricidal effect of leptospiral exoproducts by means of 51Cr-labeled target cells of mouse ascites tumors. PMID- 7339499 TI - New substances with cytotoxic and antitumor effects. IV. In vitro effect of some veratrum alkaloids and their derivatives on leukemia P388 cells. AB - Some Veratrum alkaloids and their derivatives exhibited an in vitro cytotoxic effect on leukemia P388 cells, depending on the structure of the skeleton of the molecule, particularly on the type of the heterocycle attached to C-20. Veracintine and 20-(2-methyl-1-pyrrolin-5-yl)-4-pregnen-3-one, which proved to be the most effective, inhibited incorporation of uridine, and to a lesser extent that of L-valine into P388 cells fractions. After a brief reaction (15 min), these substances became irreversibly bound in the P388 cells and stopped their further in vitro proliferation. The cytotoxic effect of veracintine became enhanced by sublethal doses of tubercidine (phase of maximum lethality of G1). PMID- 7339500 TI - Antileukemic effects of 5-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-7-oxo-7H-benzo(c) fluorene, substance VUFB 13 468, on L1210 and La leukemia. AB - The antineoplastic effect of 5-(2-dimethyl-aminoethoxy)-7-oxo-7H-benzo(c) fluorene, substance VUFB 13 468, was studied in leukemia L1210 and leukemia La. It was found that the test substance, in the form of base and in the form of hydrochloride, influenced favorably the survival of leukemic mice, in which the life span increased in dependence on the dose and the scheme of its application. PMID- 7339501 TI - The effect of hyperthermia alone or in combination with actinomycin D on the RNA metabolism of solid tumors in children. AB - The incorporation of 3H-uridine into the RNA was studied under normothermia 37 degrees C/120 min, hyperthermia 42.5 degrees/120 min, and both in combination with Actinomycin D by an autoradiographic in vitro method in 19 solid tumors of children: 6 Wilms' tumors, 5 neuroblastomas, 4 osteogenic sarcomas, and 4 different tumors. Hyperthermia invariably reduces the 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA by 11.7--86.4%, with an average of 47.5%. Actinomycin D consistently inhibits the 3H-uridine incorporation between 27.7 and 99.8%, with the average inhibition of 62.0% being far greater than that recorded for hyperthermia. The highest degree of 3H-uridine incorporation inhibition is obtained using hyperthermia in combination with Actinomycin D. The inhibition varies from 45.5- 99.8%, with an average of 81.4%. In spite of the general regularity, the effect of hyperthermia and Actinomycin D are characterized by individual patterns. Obviously, they are dependent on proliferative activity rather than upon the particular type of tumor. The use of supranormal temperatures for the treatment of malignant tumors in man, also in combination with radiation or cytostatic drugs, is a possible and promising method of therapy. PMID- 7339502 TI - Optical and ultrastructural pathology of vitamin A pretreated hamster cheek pouch -exposed to lime (Ca(OH)2) and tobacco over total life span. AB - A close correlation is postulated between tobacco chewing and the high incidence of oral cancer and precancer in many South East Asian nations. However, attempts to induce malignancy in laboratory animals by exposure to ingredients of betel quid are unsuccessful. This is another attempt to induce malignancy in the hamster cheek pouch epithelium by exposure to the ingredients of betel quid - lime and tobacco, for the total life span of the animals - 100 to 110 weeks. Parallel conditioning by exposure to vitamin A is also included. The cheek pouch epithelium of animals exposed to the test substances for total life span shows only epithelial dysplasia of a marked degree, but no evidence of malignancy. It is concluded that it is not possible to simulate the time-dose relationship in human addiction to tobacco or to betel chew in experimental animals due to their comparatively small life span. PMID- 7339503 TI - Evaluation of radiocurability in uterine cervix cancer with a simple cytological test. AB - Value of karyopyknotic index (KPI) was estimated in a series of 95 radiation treated uterine cervix cancer patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the age and the menstrual history. More than 10% of the mature squamous cells exhibiting pyknotic nucleus after radical treatment, were indicative of persistent malignant growth. Conversely, a decrease in the KP cells under 10% after treatment was considered a favorable prognostic omen. Our results also imply that a high KPI value before treatment signalizes a better prognosis. PMID- 7339504 TI - Accumulation and metabolism of pipecolic acid in the brain and other organs of the mouse. PMID- 7339505 TI - The subsynaptosomal distribution and release of [3H]acetylcholine synthesized by rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes. AB - Synaptosomes were prepared from rat cerebral cortex and incubated in [3H]choline for periods ranging from 1 to 90 min. The [3H]ACh synthesized during this period was found only in the cytoplasm and in a membrane-associated fraction. A negligible amount of the newly formed [3H]ACh was recovered in the vesicular fraction despite concerted efforts to protect a hypothetical population of labile vesicles. The specific activity of the membrane-associated component, accounting for 21% of the total [3H]ACh, was by far the highest. This membrane-associated fraction was not released by hypotonic shock or homogenization and apparently was not in association with the monodisperse synaptic vesicles. The [3H]ACh was released in a calcium dependent manner. This investigation has determined that the ACh synthesized by synaptosomes is localized in only two fractions, cytoplasmic and membrane-associated; that this newly synthesized ACh can be released from synaptosomes by a process consistent with physiological release; and that at least part of the ACh released was originally present in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7339506 TI - Regional differences in cofactor saturation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in discrete brain nuclei of the rat. Effect of repeated administration of haloperidol on GAD activity in the substantia nigra. PMID- 7339507 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity and molecular forms during denervation and reinnervation in extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat. AB - The four principal molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase characteristic of the mammalian muscle (16.1 S., 12.5 S, 10.2 S, and 3.6. S) were identified by sucrose gradient sedimentation as the four activity peaks H, H1, M and L. After denervation obtained by crushing the sciatic nerve five stages of the denervation reinnervation process were examined. Days 7, 14, 22, 30, and 60 were chosen on the basis of previous electrophysiological and histochemical studies. The AChE activity showed an initial drop followed by recovery after nerve arrival at the muscle which was completed by day 60. Marked changes in the relative proportions of the four molecular forms were observed. The 16.1 S almost disappeared during the denervation period, reappeared after nerve arrival and was completely restored at day 60. Changes were also observed in the intermediate and lower forms and were tentatively related to processes of degradation, reaggregation and de novo synthesis. A comparison of the present data with those from parallel electrophysiological and histochemical studies suggests the presence and the functional role of molecular forms other than 16S in the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7339508 TI - Subcellular distribution of coronary dilatatory protein-hormonal complexes in rat hypothalamus. AB - We previously reported the presence of a group of coronary dilatatory protein carriers of the cardioactive neurohormones and precursors of bioactive compounds in the hypothalamus of some animals. Investigation of the subcellular distribution of those proteins revealed their localization in neurosecretory granules and in synaptosomes of the hypothalamus. In further investigation of the regional distribution of coronary-active proteins in different parts of the brain they were found in synaptosomes of the cerebral cortex too. The main location of coronary-active proteins in synaptosomes indicates their participation in synaptic functions. PMID- 7339509 TI - Cerebral energy metabolism during the onset and recovery from halothane anesthesia. AB - Halothane (1%) was administered to twenty-two gram female Swiss-Albino mice which were sacrificed at times of 15 seconds, 45 seconds, 79 seconds and 5 minutes. Additional animals were exposed for 5 minutes and sacrificed 10 minutes after removal from halothane (recovery). Selected energy metabolites were measured in 100-500 nanogram samples from the inferior colliculus and the ascending reticular activating system. Results from this study showed an increase in glucose levels at 79 seconds, when the animals first lost their righting response. The glucose increase was similar in the inferior colliculus and reticular formation. ATP and phosphocreatine were increased at 45 seconds, and during the sleep period in the ascending reticular activating system, and returned to normal during the recovery period. In the inferior colliculus. ATP was similarly increased from 45 seconds throughout the time course, whereas phosphocreatine was elevated at 79 seconds, and during recovery only. These data suggest a decrease in utilization of energy metabolites during halothane anesthesia, both in cells of the inferior colliculus and ascending reticular activating system. PMID- 7339510 TI - Factors influencing the growth and respiration of rat cerebral astrocytes in primary culture. AB - Cell densities and respiratory rates of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain grown in primary culture were determined after 20-30 days in vitro. Cells grown in flasks reached lower densities (microgram DNA/cm2) and higher protein:DNA ratios than cells grown in petri dishes. Respiratory rates were lower for cells grown in flasks compared to cells grown in dishes. The pH of the medium in flasks fell below 6.9 between feedings while the pH of the medium in dishes remained at about 7.2. Cells grown in dishes with the medium pH adjusted to 6.8 also showed lower final cell densities, higher protein:DNA ratios, and lower respiratory rates, compared to cells grown under similar conditions at pH 7.5. Intermediate values of each parameter were found in cells grown at pH 7.5 for one week and then at 6.8 for 20 days. We conclude that the effects of ambient pH account for the differences in growth characteristics and respiratory rates of astrocytes grown in dishes versus those grown in flasks. PMID- 7339511 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in the junior high schools of Naples]. PMID- 7339512 TI - [Tienilic acid and renal function in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7339513 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in chronic uremia during hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 7339514 TI - [Aneurysms on arteriovenous fistulas for chronic dialysis]. PMID- 7339515 TI - [Platelet aggregation in patients with chronic renal insufficiency not under dialytic treatment]. PMID- 7339516 TI - [Changes in platelet function in subjects with chronic renal insufficiency treated with periodical hemodialysis]. PMID- 7339517 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by septic shock. Importance of early dialysis in correction of pathogenetic moments]. PMID- 7339518 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency secondary to administration of cefazolin]. PMID- 7339519 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by rhabdomyolysis due to deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase]. PMID- 7339520 TI - [Relation between immune complexes, anti-DNA antibodies and complement in lupus nephropathy]. PMID- 7339521 TI - [The nephropathy associated with Sjogren syndrome. Clinical and histological study of 13 cases]. PMID- 7339522 TI - [Immunological and clinical aspects of pre-eclampsia]. PMID- 7339523 TI - [The use of In-III-DTPA in the measurement of glomerular filtration in humans]. PMID- 7339524 TI - The significance of inadequate convergence. PMID- 7339525 TI - Listening for eye movements. PMID- 7339526 TI - The sagitta of a toroidal surface in an oblique meridian. PMID- 7339527 TI - A comparison of the British number plate and Snellen vision tests for car drivers. PMID- 7339528 TI - A suggestion for the origin of eccentric fixation. PMID- 7339529 TI - The effect of colour output of intensifying devices on acuity in pigmentary retinal degeneration. PMID- 7339530 TI - Mood judgements in black and white pictures as a function of tonality and polarity. PMID- 7339531 TI - Jump-convergence test in strabismus. PMID- 7339532 TI - Rapid treatment for amblyopia. PMID- 7339533 TI - Stereoscopic constancy scaling with aniseikonic lenses. PMID- 7339534 TI - The influence of method on the stability of dark focus position of accommodation. PMID- 7339535 TI - The effects of central and peripheral refraction on critical fusion frequency. PMID- 7339536 TI - The treatment of amblyopia by the rotating grating method. PMID- 7339537 TI - [Changes in serum lipid levels, lipid composition and lipoprotein fractions in patients with ischemic cardiopathies or arterial hypertension]. AB - Total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as their distribution among the different hyperlipoproteinemia types were studied in three patients groups: 47 normotensive patients with myocardial infarction, 35 normotensive patients with cardiosclerosis (chronic ischemic heart disease), 29 hypertensive patients without symptoms or signs of clinical atherosclerosis. Their results were compared to those of 45 normal controls. There was no decrease in HDL cholesterol nor increase in LDL cholesterol in patients with chronic or acute ischemic heart disease. A large percentage of patients from these groups had normolipoproteinemia. The most prominent lipidic changes were observed in hypertensive patients: no patient had a HDL cholesterol level above normal values, thirty three per cent had a HDL cholesterol level below 35 mg/dl. A high percentage of patients with acute myocardial infarction or hypertension exhibited atypical lipoproteinemia anomalies (hyper HDL triglyceridemia, hyper LDL triglyceridemia, hyper VLDL cholesterolemia) when they could have normolipoproteinemia. This suggested lipoproteinic metabolism disturbances in such cases. PMID- 7339538 TI - [Distribution of glycoconjugates in the arterial wall following contact with alloplastic materials: morphologic study and biochemistry of glycosamino glycurono-glycans]. AB - The infrarenal aortas of dogs were replaced with Woven Dacron prosthesis for the purpose of studying the structural and molecular modifications of the arterial wall in contact with the prosthetic material. After removal, the graft and its host arteries were submitted to biochemical analysis of glycosamino-glycurono glycans (GAG) and to morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biochemical results demonstrated that the tissues growing within the prosthesis had a similar composition to intimal-media layers of normal arterial walls, but had a different distribution, especially of hyaluronic acid whose anionic character is enhanced. In opposition the tissue surrounding the grafts had a distribution of GAG similar of cicatrization tissues. Nevertheless SEM studies of the internal surface of the grafts demonstrated only the presence of fibroblastic cells without endothelial cells. PMID- 7339539 TI - Dietary recommendations to reduce cholesterol consumption may have undesirable consequences. PMID- 7339540 TI - Influence of certain vasoactive substances on DNA synthesis in human endothelial cultures. AB - Three-day primary human endothelial cultures from fresh umbilical veins were subjected to serotonin, l-noradrenaline, bradykinin, histamine and lymphokine at concentrations 10(-4) - 10(-9) M for 30 minutes. After removal of the test substance, the cultures were grown for a further 3 days in the presence of 3H thymidine. DNA synthesis in the post-drug period was shown by autoradiography. Controls received identical treatment but without the drug. The test substances produced inhibition to some degree, with the exception of histamine which was stimulatory. Of the drugs considered, l-noradrenaline produced the most consistent inhibition. The statistical analysis from 399 individual observations is tabulated. Observations with histamine blocking agents mepyramine maleate for H1 sites and metiamide for H2 sites and methysergide for 5 HT receptors modified the result and confirmed the presence of receptor sites for these drugs on endothelial cells. PMID- 7339541 TI - Autoradiographic studies of the smooth muscle cells in human arteries. AB - We have studied the kinetics of smooth muscle cell growth in the tunica media of human arteries obtained from 12 patients affected by obstructive vascular disease, and one case operated because of a trauma. The studies were carried out on arterial samples by autoradiography after in vitro labelling with 3H thymidine. Different patterns of radioactive nucleotide uptake were detected. On nine elastic and muscular arteries without pathological changes it was demonstrated that the turnover of smooth muscle cells in human medias was very low, and similar to that found in experimental animals. The medias under atherosclerotic plaques showed variable levels of tritium uptake. Although the number of cases surveyed was limited, a possible explanation is that the different levels of uptake could depend on the different evolutive stages of the atherosclerotic process. It cannot, however, be excluded that the proliferative activity of the smooth muscle cells may be related to focal damages of the tunica media. PMID- 7339542 TI - Histochemical demonstration of increased adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion in repeatedly bred arteriosclerotic rats. AB - Male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to repeated breeding. When the female breeders had completed 4 closely-spaced pregnancies and had suckled 5 to 10 young after each pregnancy, the breeder rats were killed along with male and female virgin rats of the same age (controls). Male breeders developed microscopic aortic sclerosis (21/24), female breeders manifested grossly visible aortic sclerosis (18/24) ranging from minimal to severe degree, and the remaining females (6/24) had microscopic aortic sclerosis. Virgin rats were free of arterial disease. The arterial lesions consisted of copious subintimal and medial mucopolysaccharide pooling, subintimal fibrosis, elastolytic and intense calcific and cartilaginous alterations. The adrenal medullae of the arteriosclerotic breeder rats reacted positively to AgNO3-glutaraldehyde which demonstrates the presence of catecholamines, e.g., noradrenaline and adrenaline. The intensity of the histochemical reaction parallel the severity of aortic sclerosis. The medullary cells of female breeders were hyperplastic and pleomorphic. Pheochromocytomas were found in female breeders with the most advanced aortic sclerosis. It is suggested tht overactivity of the adrenal cortico-medullary axis contributes to the pathogenesis and morphologic characteristics of the arteriosclerosis, accelerated aging, and the Cushing's disease-like spectrum of degenerative changes which develop spontaneously in repeatedly-bred rats. PMID- 7339543 TI - [Glycoconjugate biosynthesis in the arterial wall. VIII. Separation of molecular types in microsomal sialyltransferase]. AB - Sialyltransferase activity of the intima-media of arterial walls is located in microsomes. The solubilization of enzyme by Triton X-100, purification by chromatography and isoelectric focusing lead to two isoenzymes (pHi 4.5 and 6.4), the second is widely predominant. Aortic sialyltransferase is sensitive to nucleotides, Mn++ dependent, and the affinity for substrate N-acetyl-neuraminic acid is 300 microM. PMID- 7339544 TI - Pediatric nutrition: introduction. PMID- 7339545 TI - Prenatal nutrition and fetal growth development. PMID- 7339546 TI - National Institutes of Health. Treating infants born with once-fatal genetic diseases. PMID- 7339547 TI - Feeding the low-birth-weight infant. PMID- 7339548 TI - Relationships of pediatric nutrients to lipids, lipoproteins, and ultimate risk of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7339549 TI - Trace-element nutrition. PMID- 7339550 TI - Nutritional support of the sick infant. PMID- 7339551 TI - A pediatrician's view: nutrition. PMID- 7339552 TI - [Morphological study of the mucous membrane of the ileal loop in supracystic urinary diversion using Bricker s method]. PMID- 7339553 TI - [Sympathetic-adrenal system in children with nontoxic and hyperthyroid goiter]. PMID- 7339554 TI - [Screening methods in the evaluation of vision disorders in 2- and 4-year-old children in the framework of extended studies]. PMID- 7339555 TI - [Electrophoretic composition of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in selected chronic diseases of the central nervous system in children]. PMID- 7339556 TI - [Measles and titers of measles antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in children with chronic diseases of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7339557 TI - [Etiology and prognosis in early infantile convulsions]. PMID- 7339558 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of sinobronchial syndrome in children]. PMID- 7339559 TI - [Laparotomy and splenectomy in children with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7339560 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of psoriasis in children]. PMID- 7339561 TI - [Effect of chronic periapical inflammatory processes of milk teeth on the blood]. PMID- 7339562 TI - [Kawasaki syndrome--lymphadenopathy with skin and mucous membrane lesions]. PMID- 7339563 TI - [Emotional ties between children with peptic ulcer and their parents]. PMID- 7339564 TI - [Christian-Weber syndrome in an 18-month-old child]. PMID- 7339565 TI - [Hereditary mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7339566 TI - [Lymphonodal form of acquired toxoplasmosis in a 10-year-old boy]. PMID- 7339567 TI - [Translocation (45,XY,t/13q;14q) in a child with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 7339568 TI - Inhibitory circuits accounting for development of visual cortical mappings, stimulus preferences, and psychophysical performance. AB - A developmental rationale is proposed for the circuitry underlying the generation of fine retinotopic mappings, the quantitative range of simple-cell stimulus preferences, and the psychophysical performance of the visual system. It is assumed that the retina consists of a mosaic of partially overlapping elements, or hyperfields, which are laid down in a sunflower-seed pattern. These hyperfields project to a corresponding rectilinear mosaic of hypercolumns in the cortex, according to a pattern of chemoaffinities. Each hyperfield, in turn, consists of a sunflower-seed mosaic of nonoverlapping ganglion-cell receptive field centres, which project to a matching rectilinear mosaic of minicolumns in the corresponding hypercolumn. Retinotopic order is produced in the hyperfield hypercolumn mapping by radially symmetric inhibitory links, between cortical cells more than two minicolumns apart, which operate on Hebb-modifiable retinocortical excitatory afferent fibres. Under this mapping, hyperfield radii map onto parallel rows of minicolumns (orientation columns), and concentric semicircles of ganglion-cell receptive fields map onto spatial-frequency columns, crossing orientation columns at right angles. The 'scatter' in this mapping is equivalent to one local average receptive-field diameter. Orientation-related stimulus preferences ar produced by asymmetrical inhibitory links between cells more than two minicolumns apart, in the same spatial-frequency columns. A third network of inhibitory circuits, with Hebb-modifiable synapses, is assumed to operate between cells in the same or immediately adjacent minicolumns. This network enhances stimulus selectivity and sensitivity in simple and hypercomplex cells, and is responsible for adaptation aftereffects and sensory information storage. PMID- 7339569 TI - A study of interocular transfer of spatial adaptation. AB - The threshold-elevation aftereffect was measured ipsiocularly and interocularly following grating adaptation of one eye. The functions relating aftereffect magnitude to adapting contrast and adaptation time were similar under the two testing conditions, with interocular transfer remaining fairly constant; decay times were similar for ipsiocular and interocular aftereffects of comparable magnitude, and their frequency selectivities were the same. It is concluded that the stimulus-response characteristics of monocular and binocular spatial channels are fundamentally similar. PMID- 7339570 TI - An attempt at correlating visuomotor-induced tilt aftereffect and ocular cyclotorsion. AB - Subjects were exposed to an optical rotation of visual reafferences from hand movements. This is known to produce visuomotor adaptation. An experiment is reported where it also induced a perceptual aftereffect measured as a displacement of the apparent vertical and as an ocular cyclotorsion, both in the direction of the optical rotation. No correlation could be found between the two phenomena which can be considered as independent adaptive responses to the visuomotor conflict. PMID- 7339571 TI - Visually induced tilt affects form perception. PMID- 7339572 TI - Perceived loudness and visually-determined auditory distance. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether variations in the perceived distance to a test sound could influence its loudness in the absence of physical changes in sound-level. The phenomenon of visual capture provided the means for manipulating apparent distance. A 'dummy' loudspeaker was used to vary the apparent source location of a short noise stimulus while the true source of this sound remained fixed (and hidden) with respect to the observer. Sound-levels from 40 to 75 dB(A) were presented to independent groups of observers in either anechoic or semi-reverberant acoustical environments. In general, reported loudness increased with perceived distance. This finding has implications for conceptualizing the phenomenon of loudness constancy. PMID- 7339573 TI - Optical information and practice in the discrimination of 3-D mirror-reflected objects. AB - Two studies of the discrimination of three-dimensional mirror-reflected objects were concerned with the influence of practice and stimulus information for shape, specifically binocular information and perspective transformations. In the first study subjects made 'same-different' responses to successively presented pairs of real objects, under binocular and monocular viewing conditions. In the second study subjects viewed object pairs on a rotating turntable, in five different displays. Neither binocular information nor perspective transformations contributed to isomorph discrimination. In both studies mental rotation and other less well specified strategies were employed. After practice, in contrast to previous reports, five of the six subjects in these studies produced reaction times unrelated to the orientation difference between the objects. These practice effects may reflect either extremely rapid rotation rates, the detection of rotationally invariant features, or the use of multiple strategies. PMID- 7339574 TI - A new bistable motion illusion based upon 'kinetic optical occlusion'. AB - A display was devised for the purpose of studying the information afforded by kinetic optical occlusion (the progressive erasure and replacement of static elements within a display). A microcomputer generated a series of equally spaced light bars on a dark background. The first bar on the left was suddenly blanked and, after a pause of variable duration (an interblank interval, or IBI), was replaced. As the first bar was replaced, the second bar in the series was blanked, and so on, until each bar in the pattern had been blanked and replaced. Depending upon the duration of the IBI, this display gave rise to one of two alternative percepts: the observer either saw movement of a dark shadow 'in front of' the pattern of bars (with IBIs approximately less than 50 ms) or he saw right to-left stroboscopic movement of successive bars (with IBIs approximately greater than 85 ms). At some intermediate IBI (the transition IBI) the display was bistable. A two-bar variant of the original display was also studied and found to be bistable under appropriate conditions. In a series of experiments it was found that the transition IBI for the original display did not depend upon whether the observer was tracking the sequence of events or fixating a stationary point in the display. The transition IBI was an increasing function of spatial frequency above about 3 cycles deg-1, and depended upon whether the display was focused or optically blurred. Empirically determined transition IBIs correspond well to estimates of the integration times of visual mechanisms studied in other paradigms. PMID- 7339575 TI - Do background depth gradients facilitate object identification? AB - A number of experiments have demonstrated that an object in a coherent scene can be more accurately identified than when in a jumbled scene or a display of unrelated objects. An experiment was designed to test whether the identification of an object (from a set of six) would be faster and more accurate if the objects were presented against a background gradient that conferred a unifying depth effect on the six objects. No benefit of this background was found. In fact, the accuracy of the identification of objects against a depth background was found to be lower than that of objects which were presented against either no background or a control regular grid background. It is concluded that the perceptual advantage of objects appearing in a well-formed scene derives from semantic relations that are defined between such objects. PMID- 7339576 TI - A note on "Perception of surface slant and edge labels from optical flow". PMID- 7339577 TI - Illusory brightness and the ends of petals: change in brightness without aid of stratification or assimilation effects. PMID- 7339578 TI - Subjective figures: some not-so-unusual concomitant brightness effects. PMID- 7339579 TI - Subjective figures: an infrequent, but certainly not unprecedented, effect. PMID- 7339580 TI - A note on the history of binocular microscopes. PMID- 7339581 TI - [The value of double contrast upper GI series for the diagnosis of the origin of left upper quadrant abdominal masses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339582 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, renal vein and right atrium in renal cell carcinoma and adrenal tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339583 TI - Abnormal arteriovenous communications of the mesenteric vessels: report of a case of type 2 lesion of angiodysplasia. PMID- 7339584 TI - [In vivo bone mineral measurement by microbeam x-ray and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339585 TI - [Computed tomography for metastatic brain tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339586 TI - [Chronic renal failure and radiological appearance of hyperparathyroidism (2). Soft-part calcifications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339587 TI - [Diagnosis of gynecologic pelvic masses by CT scans analysis of accuracy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339588 TI - [A study of amount of information in X-ray examination of gastric disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339589 TI - [Dose distribution obtained by the whole pelvic conformation technique combined with intracavitary irradiation in the radiotherapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339590 TI - [An extension of Burlin's general cavity theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339592 TI - [Cell-Mediated immunity in cancer patients with special reference to lung cancer (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339591 TI - [A measurement of low fluence rate neutron field by using iodine activation detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339593 TI - [Polymer fibers in surgery. I]. AB - The contemporary application of the numerous classes of polymer fibres fibres such as collagenous, polyethereal, polyolefinic, polyamidic etc. for the practical surgery is reviewed, as well as the superiority of synthetic fibres to natural ones is discussed. The basic criteria of application of those materials to surgery, as well as the possible modifications of polymers are described. The areas of medical complications of the numerous types of polymer fibres as well as its behaviour in the organisms are observed. The mechanism of biodegradation of polymers implanted into the organism is discussed. The method of prognosis of lifetime of implanted polymer articles is described. PMID- 7339594 TI - The calcification of poly(glycol methacrylate) gels in experimental and clinical practice. PMID- 7339595 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of ethoxypolysiloxan oil emulsion in radiological practice]. AB - The ethoxypolisiloxan (EPS) oil glycol emulsion in radiology has been proved to have the LD50 value of 14,5 g/kg. This means that this emulsion is low toxic. The antifoaming efficiency of EPS emulsion was compared with that of Endo-Paractol. It was found that the effects comparable what proves the value of the EPS emulsion, the more so that the production costs are relatively low. The radiological clinical investigation confirmed the usefulness of the X-ray contrast in examinations of the gastrointestinal treat. PMID- 7339596 TI - [Effect of polyethylene oxides on erythrocyte aggregation]. AB - The effect of polyethylene oxide of different molecular weight on the aggregation of erythrocytes has been investigated. It was shown that the addition to blood of polymers with molecular weight of 600 and 1 000 weakens this aggregation, whereas the addition of those with molecular weights of 4 000 and 6 000 completely prevents it, simultaneously decreasing their osmotic resistance. Polyethylene oxide with molecular weight from 20 000 to 1 000 000 increase the aggregation of erythrocytes and do not affect their osmotic resistance. The aggregation of erythrocytes is a reversible process. The decrease in polyethylene oxide concentration leads to decreasing aggregation effect. The mechanism of the effect of polymers on cell aggregation is discussed. PMID- 7339597 TI - [Methods of determining pressure on tissues from elastic stockings used for the prevention and treatment of chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs]. AB - The authors discuss methods and devices for determination of the compressive properties of elastic products in prophylaxis and treatment of the disease of lower extremity veins. The majority of the discussed methods is tedious, and the devices used are characteristic of high measurement error and frequently can be used in laboratories only. The authors designed a portable device for the measurement of the pressure exerted on every part of the body by the elastic products. This device can be applied both in standard and in clinical conditions. It is simple and easy to handle, and the results obtained reflect the real pressure exerted by the elastic products on extremities. Moreover, the authors presented a new method of measurement of elastic products pressure on human extremity. PMID- 7339598 TI - Continuous infusion of papaveretum for relief of postoperative pain. PMID- 7339599 TI - The importance of good blood pressure control in the prevention of stroke recurrence in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7339600 TI - Serum calcium in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7339601 TI - Jejunal villous changes associated with farmer's lung. PMID- 7339602 TI - Recurrent groin hernia. PMID- 7339603 TI - Secondary syphilis presenting with features of cranial arteritis. PMID- 7339604 TI - Reversible IgA deficiency in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7339605 TI - Paradoxical embolism associated with patent foramen ovale. PMID- 7339606 TI - Psychosis, central hyperventilation and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7339607 TI - Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in a Saudi Arabian female. PMID- 7339608 TI - Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in stage IV Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7339609 TI - Camphor intoxication treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. PMID- 7339610 TI - The 'tumour overkill syndrome'. A potentially lethal complication of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7339611 TI - Generalized choreiform movements as a complication of methyldopa therapy in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7339612 TI - Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis in severe thiazide-induced hyponatraemia. PMID- 7339613 TI - Isolation of three crystalline proteins from beef liver after partial purification by acetone fractionation. AB - The isolation of three proteins in crystalline form from ground beef liver is described. These proteins are FTBL protein (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 188, 251-265 (1978), crotonase, and catalase. Crotonase is isolated by crystallization from a 32% acetone extract of the ground liver. FTBL protein and catalase can subsequently be isolated from the same extract. For optimal yield and ease of isolation, FTBL protein is isolated from a 46.5% acetone extract from which catalase can subsequently be crystallized by dialysis. The isolation of FTBL protein as well as the isolation of catalase involves a preliminary fractional precipitation and solution before crystallization can be achieved. Isopropanol can be substituted for acetone in the isolation of the above three proteins and in the case of catalase, results in an exceptionally high yield. Methods for the recrystallization of the proteins are presented and the role of organic solvents in recrystallization is discussed. PMID- 7339614 TI - Synthesis of photoreactive tryptophan analogs: enzymatic conversion of azidoindoles to azidotryptophans. AB - Four photoreactive azidoindoles, 4, 5, 6, and 7 azidoindole, were synthesized and converted to the corresponding azidotryptophans by a crude enzyme preparation of tryptophan synthetase from Neurospora crassa. PMID- 7339615 TI - Methods for the rapid purification of trehalase from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A rapid and reliable method for the preparation of homogeneous trehalase from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum for usage in enzyme characterization studies and trehalose assays was developed. This procedure takes advantage of the fact that trehalase activity is secreted by Dictyostelium during the course of development, the major fraction being released late in fruiting body formation. Purification of trehalase to electrophoretic homogeneity was accomplished utilizing the techniques of ultrafiltration, streptomycin sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the purified enzyme by analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of a single protein band which was stainable with Coomassie blue. Assay of trehalase activity in eluates from segments of a companion gel indicated that all of the recovered trehalase activity was associated with this band of protein. Examination of the substrate specificity of the purified enzyme indicated absolute specificity for trehalose. PMID- 7339616 TI - Procedure for isolation of the 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone. AB - An isolation procedure for the 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone has been devised to improve the yield of the final product. The improvement involved elimination of cumbersome steps that decreased yield, and modification of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to provide better separation of the variant from the major form of growth hormone. PMID- 7339617 TI - Formaldehyde: medical ally or adversary. PMID- 7339618 TI - Clinical aspects of giant papillary conjunctivitis. PMID- 7339619 TI - Detection of arterial defects by arteriography and imaging ultrasonography: an experimental study. PMID- 7339620 TI - Always to be students. PMID- 7339622 TI - Tubal surgery for infertility. PMID- 7339621 TI - Tuberculosis control in Chicago. PMID- 7339623 TI - The relationship of cellular structure and function: the matrix system. PMID- 7339624 TI - Preliminary studies of the hormonal control of male accessory sex organ epithelial collagen. PMID- 7339625 TI - Tissue interactions in prostate development: roles of sex steroids. PMID- 7339626 TI - Cellular dynamics of androgen receptor and protein induction in rat ventral prostate. PMID- 7339627 TI - The presence in rat and human prostate of proteins that bind steroid-cytostatic complexes. AB - During studies on the uptake and distribution of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) in the rat, a major protein in the rat ventral prostate was found that binds estramustine, estromustine, and several other steroid nitrogen mustard complexes. This protein, called estramustine-binding protein, shares many physicochemical characteristics with alpha-protein, prostatic-binding protein, and prostatein, each reported to constitute a major steroid-binding protein in the rat ventral prostate. There is every indication that these four names designate one and the same protein, the binding properties of which favor the binding of lipophilic compounds, and which has shown an affinity for estramustine and closely structure-related compounds that is 100- to 1000-fold higher than for the natural steroids. Also, the human prostate has been shown to take up and bind estramustine and estromustine. However, the binding entity (or entities) is still under intense investigation. PMID- 7339628 TI - Interactions between protein and heavy metals in the rodent prostatic cell. PMID- 7339629 TI - Prostate development in zinc-deficient rats. PMID- 7339630 TI - The prostatic cell: chromosomal and DNA analyses. PMID- 7339631 TI - Effect of ethinyl estradiol and triton WR 1339 on bile formation and sulfobromophthalein transport maximum (BSPTm) in the rat. PMID- 7339632 TI - Anti-Parkinsonian and anticonvulsant activity of some silyl substituted dopamine derivatives. PMID- 7339633 TI - A new potent anti-inflammatory quinazolone. PMID- 7339634 TI - Theoretical studies on tricyclic antidepressants: III. Analysis of stereospecificity. AB - By dynamic simulation of molecular structures in a digital computer, search was made for all possible ways of superposing a phenyl ring of a tricyclic antidepressant on the phenyl ring of norepinephrine. Using all available structure activity data and deductive reasoning, attempt was then made to reject all but one superposition. A significant outcome was information regarding 2 hydroxydesipramine. Although manifestly inactive when administered, this drug is likely to be potent if delivered at the neuronal site of action. From the chosen superposition a dihydroxy derivative is predicted to be even more potent if it can be endogenously generated or suitably modified to enable delivery at the site of action. Among the various superpositions obtained, it was indirectly possible to make a Monte Carlo type of conformational analysis on the side chain of norepinephrine. Previous conformational studies on norepinephrine are reviewed in this context. PMID- 7339635 TI - Pressure variation of enzymatic reaction rates: III. Catalase. AB - The effect of pressure on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase has been investigated to 1000 bar by spectrophotometry and oxygen polarography. Comparison between the two methods showed good agreement up to 700 bar but increasing deviation above that pressure. The kinetic behavior of catalase is rather complicated and difficult to interpret. For small peroxide concentrations the reaction rate increased with pressure below 500 bar. For higher concentrations the rate decreased at all pressures. Temperature had no marked effect on the pressure behavior but addition of KCl led to a large increase in activation volume. PMID- 7339636 TI - Characterization of the binding of Triton X-100 to equine and rabbit serum albumin. AB - The binding isotherms for Triton X-100 binding to equine and rabbit serum albumin were determined by equilibrium dialysis at 16 degrees C in pH 7.0, I = 0.05 phosphate buffer. Presented in a Scatchard plot, the binding isotherms are a straight line, indicating thermodynamically independent and identical binding sites. In this model equine serum albumin is characterized as having 11 such sites with an equilibrium constant of 6.0 x 10(3) M-1. Similarly, rabbit serum albumin is characterized as having 9 such sites with an equilibrium constant of 8.0 x 10(3) M-1. PMID- 7339637 TI - The effect of methylphenidate on tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7339638 TI - Maprotiline effects in children with enuresis and behavioural disorders. PMID- 7339639 TI - Theoretical and practical importance of plasma levels of haloperidol. Correlations with clinical and computerized EEG data. PMID- 7339640 TI - Phloretin-sensitive lithium transport in erythrocytes of affectively ill patients: intra-individual reproductibility. PMID- 7339641 TI - Predictors of lithium prophylaxis effectiveness. PMID- 7339642 TI - Panic induced by sodium lactate: electrophysiological correlates. PMID- 7339643 TI - Seasonal variation in plasma tryptophan in parturient women. PMID- 7339644 TI - Validity and sensitivity of the french version of the Zerssen BfS/BfS' self rating mood scale during treatment with trazodone and amitriptyline. PMID- 7339645 TI - Radioimmunoassay of melatonin in rat serum. PMID- 7339646 TI - 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) formation: the major route of rat brain norepinephrine metabolism. PMID- 7339647 TI - Extra-focal catecholamine levels in 'kindled' rat forebrains. PMID- 7339648 TI - Pharmacological characterization of [3H] desipramine binding in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7339649 TI - Determination of brain regional normetanephrine levels by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-EC). PMID- 7339650 TI - Screening for amines of psychiatric interest in urine using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7339651 TI - Interactions of trace amines with dopamine in rat striatum. PMID- 7339652 TI - The effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde, morphine and naloxone on histamine methyltransferase activity. PMID- 7339653 TI - Prolactin levels and amphetamine-induced behavioural changes following fluphenazine decanoate administration. PMID- 7339654 TI - An investigation of the interaction between the reinforcing properties of food and ethanol using the place preference paradigm. PMID- 7339655 TI - Examination of the effects of pimozide on two conditional discrimination problems differing in levels of task complexity. PMID- 7339656 TI - [The role of cleavage in prepsychoses]. PMID- 7339657 TI - [Inhibition of ego function and the psychoanalytic theory of acalculia]. PMID- 7339658 TI - [Behavior and competence of the newborn]. PMID- 7339659 TI - [4 precocious stages in the development of mother-infant relations]. PMID- 7339660 TI - [Possibilities of brief parent-child therapeutic interventions, around the establishment of the oedipal problem]. PMID- 7339661 TI - [Family therapy]. PMID- 7339662 TI - Special considerations in the assessment of psychopathology in the elderly. PMID- 7339663 TI - Adverse drug relations - more on lithium-related leukemia. PMID- 7339664 TI - Maintenance treatment of unipolar depression. PMID- 7339665 TI - The Bureau of Drugs Symposium on the Development of Psychopharmacologic Drugs for the Cognitively and Emotionally Impaired Elderly. PMID- 7339666 TI - Pharmacology and aging. PMID- 7339667 TI - The Bureau of Drugs Symposium on the Development of Psychopharmacologic Drugs for the Cognitively and Emotionally Impaired Elderly: background and aims. Some ethical and legal considerations. PMID- 7339668 TI - Problems in assessing response to treatment in the elderly by physical and social function. PMID- 7339669 TI - The evaluation of ward behavior rating scales for psychogeriatric use. PMID- 7339670 TI - The assessment of behavioral changes in geriatric patients. PMID- 7339671 TI - Food standards of the EC: scientific aspects. PMID- 7339672 TI - The National Health Service--a time for change. PMID- 7339673 TI - High density housing: the Wirral's experience. PMID- 7339674 TI - Living and working in high rise buildings--need and technology. PMID- 7339675 TI - Serviceability problems with high rise buildings. PMID- 7339676 TI - Alcohol and the safety of the unborn child. PMID- 7339677 TI - [Treatment results in laryngeal cancer following postoperative radiation and radiation alone 1966-1973 at the Charite Cancer Clinic. I]. PMID- 7339678 TI - [Late results of complex therapy using ionizing radiation in patients with chronic recurring paranasal sinusitis]. PMID- 7339679 TI - [Possibilities and limits of enzymatic tumour diagnosis. I. Communication: Organ dependent diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339680 TI - [Possibilities and limits of enzymatic tumour diagnosis. II. Communication: Enzymes as general tumour markers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339681 TI - [Postoperative telecobalt irradiation of the kidney region over several stationary fields]. PMID- 7339682 TI - [Radiobiological aspects and morphological results following preirradiation of the kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339683 TI - [The effect of internal irradiation on the endocrine system and the significance of its functional state for the development of late consequences]. PMID- 7339684 TI - Radioprotective effect of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) on the haematology of Swiss albino mice after radiocalcium (Ca-45) internal administration. PMID- 7339685 TI - Administration of diazepam before cystamine in rats: lack of modification. PMID- 7339686 TI - [Search of parathyroid glands by means of camera scintigraphy. Investigations of the parathyroid glands by the gamma camera (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339687 TI - [Error assessment in the determination of the effective renal plasma stream according to the 131I-hippurate method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339688 TI - [Superposition measuring method in scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339689 TI - [Histotopography of the radiopharmaceuticals 75Se-selenmethionine and 75Se selenite in vital organs in the fully grown and embryonic animal]. PMID- 7339691 TI - The integration of clinical and didactic instruction--an educational model. PMID- 7339690 TI - A primer on time-dose fractionation for radiation therapy of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. PMID- 7339692 TI - The interview process for the selection of student radiographers. PMID- 7339694 TI - Clinical applications of rare earth imaging in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7339693 TI - High- and normal-speed rotors: effect on focal spot size, resolution and density. PMID- 7339695 TI - Considerations in preparing a radiobiology curriculum for the student radiographer. PMID- 7339696 TI - Radiographic visualization of hepatic vasculature via umbilical vein catheterization. PMID- 7339697 TI - Somnofluoroscopy. AB - In the past 30 years, numerous studies have increased our knowledge of the physical process of sleep. One sleep disorder, sleep apnea, has been studied and found to be a serious and life-threatening condition. Diagnosis of sleep disorders is very difficult and requires the use of sophisticated equipment, highly trained personnel, and a unique environment. To confirm the most dangerous form of sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, fluoroscopic evaluation of the upper airway during sleep was performed. This fluoroscopic evaluation of the upper airway during sleep has been termed "somnofluoroscopy." PMID- 7339698 TI - Admission criteria for a college-based radiologic technology program: relationship of entry levels to subsequent performance in selected program courses. PMID- 7339699 TI - Program planning for faculty development in allied health education. AB - The increased movement of allied health programs from hospitals into colleges and university settings has created a role-transition for the allied health practitioner from a predominately service/secondarily educational role to a predominately educational/secondarily service role. Equally significant is the fact that allied health faculty are employed largely on the basis of specific discipline preparation and work experiences and less on specific preparation for teaching. Thus an acute need exists for faculty development programs designed specifically to address a definite lack of preparation in instructional methodologies. This paper describes a conceptual model readily employable for planning and implementing a faculty development program. The simplicity and flexibility of this model lends well to acquiring a few participant-centered objectives in a one-day workshop or to several over an extended period of time. PMID- 7339700 TI - Retrieval of obtained common bile duct stones. PMID- 7339701 TI - The influence of host factors on drug response. VII. Implications for interpretation of clinical trials and other published studies on drug response in man. PMID- 7339702 TI - Globin gene structure in disorders of hemoglobin. PMID- 7339703 TI - Hereditary hemochromatosis: contributions of genetic analyses. PMID- 7339704 TI - [Physicochemical processes in human normal immunoglobulin preparations and various related problems]. PMID- 7339705 TI - [Characteristics of patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic 1970-1979 in relation to the general epidemiological situation in Poland]. PMID- 7339706 TI - [Various indicators of blood coagulation in the evaluation of liver function in different clinical forms of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7339707 TI - [Incidence of the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma among chemical industry workers]. PMID- 7339708 TI - [Evaluation of the relation between blood pressure and body weight with the use of weight-height indicators]. PMID- 7339709 TI - [Morphological changes in the liver and their etiology in human brucellosis]. PMID- 7339710 TI - [Role of cadmium in the development of osteopathy]. PMID- 7339711 TI - [Mass carrier state of Staphylococcus aureus type 187 of canine origin in a neonatal ward]. PMID- 7339712 TI - [Case of primary chronic brucellosis with symptoms of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7339713 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis of the Landry type in acute hepatitis B]. PMID- 7339714 TI - A list of ectoparasites of Colombian bats. AB - Of 3,860 Colombian bats, belonging to 109 species, 1,235 individuals (32%) of 100 species were infected with ectoparasites. A total of 3,545 ectoparasites pertaining to 88 species were obtained (Mesostigmata: 1 Halarachnidae; 19 Macronyssidae; 4 Spelaeorhynchidae; 104 Spinturnicidae. Ixodides: 449 Argasidae. Trombidiformes: 1 Spelognathidae; 340 Trombiculidae. Sarcoptiformes: 170 Listrophoridae. Hemiptera: 16 Cimidae; 4 Polyctenidae. Diptera: 7 Nycteribiidae; 2405 Streblidae, Siphonaptera: 25 Pulicidae). No ectoparasites were recovered from 9 species of bats. PMID- 7339715 TI - [Demography and genetics of a Guaymi Amerindian population of Limoncito, Costa Rica]. AB - A demographic and genetic study of the Guaymi Amerindian population at limoncito, Coto Brus, Costa Rica, showed that 47% of the population is between the ages of 0 and 14 and 35% between 15 and 44. The sex ratio is 91, which is evidence of a greater number of females. Forty percent of the couples come from Panama, but the filial generation (98%) was born in Limoncito. Emigration is very low. The selective potential is relatively high (0.94), with the mortality component predominating. Endogamy and the inbreeding coefficient have high values and polyginy is common. The effective and reproductive size of the population is small. Evolutionary implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 7339716 TI - Oswaldofilaria medemi n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea), from the smooth-fronted caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus from Colombia. AB - A filarial worm, Oswaldofilaria medemi n. sp., obtained from the thoracic wall of an adult colombian caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1801) is described. The new filaria differs from all other species of the genus by the long oesophagus and by differences in size and shape of the spiculae in the male. Microfilariae could not be found in the blood of six P. trigonatus. PMID- 7339717 TI - [Correlation between two variables in a populations truncated with regards to one of them (author's transl)]. AB - This paper concerns the comparison of the correlation coefficients between two variables X and Y, a) for a whole population or b) in the sub-population in which X is greater than xo. We show a simple relationship between these two coefficients which depends only on the ratio between the sub-population variance and the whole populations variance. The corresponding graph is drawn. The observed differences between these two correlation coefficients can be large and must be taken into account for the interpretation of such data. PMID- 7339718 TI - Application of the O.E.C.D. disability questions in Finland. AB - A draft series of OECD-disability questions were included into the Mini-Finland Health Survey. Preliminary results of a sub-sample reveal that the series is quite feasible and acceptable to a big health survey. However, the questions apply best to an elderly population. Questions measuring the level of health above the normal should also be developed in order to categorize younger and middle-age people. The combination of answers to a single index of disability cannot yet be recommended because of the technical difficulties and of the fear of losing information. The study contains information on impairments, functional disability and the person'medical conditions. The interrelationships between these will be studied later. PMID- 7339719 TI - [Towards the development of a global index of functional disability based on the O.E.C.D. questionnaire. Items in a Swiss survey (author's transl)]. AB - This study is based on a sample of 1500 persons, representative of the general population aged 65 years and over in Geneva and the central Valais region. The questions used to evaluate the level of disability are those selected by the OECD working group. They were included in a self-administered questionnaire. A global score of disability is created by using both an endogenous and an exogenous approach. The endogenous approach attempts to isolate a limited number of factors (factorial analysis) and to order the disability items (Guttman Scale). The exogenous approach adopts as criteria a global assessment of the health of each individual. The discussion of different systems of scoring is based on the distribution of different scores and their intercorrelations. PMID- 7339720 TI - [Applications of the OECD disability questions in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. AB - In the Netherlands a research survey consisting of two main versions (self administered and interview) was carried out in March'79, covering among other subjects the complete set of OECD items. A short description of the purposes, the survey design, the sampling method and the fieldwork is given in the paper. The sampling method and sample size only permit rather restricted comparisons between both versions and proxy and non-proxy respondents. Difficulties and alterations in the translation into dutch are mentioned. An outline is given of preliminary results, and a comparison is made with long-term disability indicators from other dutch surveys. The research survey appears to be of limited value for generalising to the whole population. PMID- 7339721 TI - Preliminary analysis of O.E.C.D. disability on the pretest of the post census disability survey. AB - The paper reviews the U.S. experience with items from the OECD long-term disability questions. The OECD questions have not yet been used in their entirety in this country, but several surveys, including the National Health Interview Survey, 1977, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1978, and the Social Security Disability Study, 1978, have used selected items or ones similar to the OECD items. A number of methodological issues addressed in the Bureau of the Census pretest of the Postcensus Disability Survey, planned for 1980, will be discussed in this paper, and estimates of the percentage of persons with OECD type disability by age, based on several U.S. surveys, will be also presented. PMID- 7339722 TI - [Natural development of the ST-segment in acute myocardial infarction by precordial 35-lead mapping. Significance for the evaluation of drug effects. Simplification of the method]. PMID- 7339723 TI - [Interventricular communication and aortic insufficiency. Surgical considerations]. PMID- 7339724 TI - [Valvular re-operations]. PMID- 7339725 TI - [Age and left ventricular function in interauricular communication]. PMID- 7339726 TI - [Randomized, prospective, clinical study comparing the Bjork-Shiley, Lillehei Kaster and Angell-Shiley prostheses in the mitral position]. PMID- 7339727 TI - [Double valvular replacement with annuloplasty or tricuspid replacement. Study of 50 cases]. PMID- 7339728 TI - [Isolated mitral valve replacement with a Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis. Experience with 125 patients]. PMID- 7339729 TI - [Use of precordial cartography (mapping) in the diagnosis of ventricular akinesis and dyskinesias]. PMID- 7339730 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of dobutamine in cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7339731 TI - [Electrocardiographic maps of the chest]. PMID- 7339732 TI - [Doppler ultrasound: an advance in the diagnosis of valvulopathies]. PMID- 7339733 TI - [Anomalies of the aortic arch]. PMID- 7339734 TI - [Aortic coarctation in childhood]. PMID- 7339735 TI - [Aortopulmonary window. Review of 9 cases]. PMID- 7339737 TI - Iron mobilization and plasma ferroxidase factors in chickens. AB - Hematological values, metal content (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd) in plasma and liver, ceruloplasmin (p-phenylendiamine oxidase) and ferroxidase activity in plasma, were analyzed in chicks, fed during 10 weeks on a commercial diet, supplemented by either 5,000 ppm Zn or 100 ppm Cd. A microcytic and hypochromic anemia was evident in both groups but in the Cd-fed chicks, plasma iron and ceruloplasmin values were normal. Estrogen administration mobilized iron in the Cd-group but not in the Zn-group. The precipitation of plasma phosvitin reduced (90%) the ferroxidase activity that had been previously induced by the estrogens. Correcting copper levels in the Zn-group, by copper injection, restored the ceruloplasmin level. However, the estrogens, in such birds, neither mobilized the plasma iron nor increased the ferroxidase activity. Plasma citrate was determined in laying, non-laying hens and in estrogenized or normal males. The contribution of citrate to the ferroxidase activity of plasma during the laying period, was negligible. It was concluded that plasma phosvitin during laying was the main factor responsible for the ferroxidase activity. However, the ceruloplasmin in chickens, could play a secondary role in iron mobilization. PMID- 7339736 TI - [Simultaneous aortography and esophagogram in the diagnosis of vascular rings]. PMID- 7339738 TI - [Effect of ethanol on ovulation, reproduction and fetal development in the rat]. AB - Single doses of ethanol (0.5 and 4 g/kg) were injected at 18 h of the diestrus, 9 h of the proestrus and 18 h of the estrus phase (first day of pregnancy). The ovarian cycle number of ovules and ovarian follicles, insemination, number of embryos, fetal development and the observed malformation were evaluated. Alcohol (4 g/kg) at 18 h of the diestrus, increased the receptive estrus phase and the number of mature follicles in the ovary, while it decreased the number of ovulations, pregnancies and embryos in rats. It was found that alcohol (4 g/kg) at preovulatory periods, increased the percentage of dead and malformed fetuses, and decreased the length of the higher limbs. Furthermore, the same doses of alcohol administered at the first day of pregnancy, produced a decrease in weight, size and length of the legs. Results showed that single doses of alcohol injected in preovulatory periods and first day of pregnancy, had a teratogenic action. Furthermore, alcohol inhibited ovulation and stimulated animal receptibility when administered at 18 h of diestrus. PMID- 7339739 TI - [6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg). II. Separation and study of isoenzymes]. AB - Through ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion-exchange chromatography, two forms of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6j-phosphogluconate: NADP+ oxidoreductase E.C. 1.1.1.44) were isolated from mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae. The Km values for 6PG were the same, but the Km for NADP+ was smaller for isoenzyme I. The Vmx values were also different, with greater activity for isoenzyme II. The optimum pH for isoenzyme I was 7.5. whereas the isoenzyme II had two maximum peaks, at pH 7.5 and 9. Isoenzyme II was the more resistant to thermal inactivation. Inhibition by NADPH was competitive with respect to NADP+, with a Ki value similar for both isoenzymes. The GSSG inhibits isoenzyme I and activates isoenzyme II. The apparent molecular weights determined by gel filtration were 79,000 +/- 2,000 daltons for isoenzyme I and 112,000 +/- 2,000 daltons for isoenzyme II. PMID- 7339740 TI - Characteristics of the arterial hypertension by subtotal nephrectomy in the rat. AB - The importance of the hemodynamic parameters in the hypertensive rats by subtotal nephrectomy and the role of the neurogenic tone in the maintenance of high blood pressure were studied. The baroreceptor sensitivity is significantly diminished in the hypertensive rats with respect to normal ones. The resistance of the hindquarters to perfusion with constant flows was decreased in the hypertensive animals. No differences were observed in the arterial pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume and peripheral resistance between both groups of anesthetized animals. The pressure response to the phenylephrine injection was higher in the conscious hypertensive animals than in the normotensive rats but it was the same after the anesthesia and the blocking of ganglionic transmission. These results suggest that an increment of the neurogenic tone exists in the chronic phase of hypertension in this experimental model and it could be responsible for the elevated blood pressure. PMID- 7339741 TI - Effect of vagotomy on the conjugated bile acids in the dog. AB - The effects of truncal vagotomy and selective gastric vagotomy on the conjugated bile acids and rations T/G and Tri/Di have been studied in twenty dogs. The results show that truncal vagotomy has no effect on the conjugated bile acid values determined in the 4th and 16th week. The ratio T/G increased while the Tri/Di decreased in the 16th week. The selective gastric vagotomy only shows a change of the taurocholic acid levels which are lower than the control levels in the 4th week. PMID- 7339742 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of plasma ferritin of Gallus domesticus L]. AB - A new experimental procedure for chicken plasma ferritin based on the method of Luxton et al. has been carried out. All biologic reagents used were obtained in our laboratory: Ferritin from chicken liver, antiferritin antiserum from rabbits and anti-rabbit IgG from goat. Chloramine T procedure was applied to label ferritin with 125I. The iodinated protein was removed from free iodide by use of three chromatographic columns of Sephadex G-25, Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B. Separation of the first antigen-antibody complex was carried out by the double antibody method. The assay working range covers from 21.8 up to 175 ng/ml. As ferritin concentration is higher in chicken plasma than in human, various plasma dilutions ranging from 1/16 to 1/64 were used. PMID- 7339743 TI - Incorporation of fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine species by liver homogenates from chick embryos. AB - Labeled palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and araquidonic acids were incorporated into phosphatidylcholines by incubation with liver homogenates from 13, 17 and 21 day-old chick embryos. Palmitic acid was incorporated into dienoic and tetraenoic phosphatidylcholines whereas linoleic acid was incorporated into dienoic phosphatidylcholines. Labeled palmitic and linoleic acids were specifically found into positions 1 and 2 of the phosphatidylcholine molecule, respectively. Under in vitro conditions, the incorporation of either palmitic or linoleic acids into phosphatidylcholines was 2-3 fold greater in liver homogenates from 17 day-old chick embryos than in those from 13 or 21 day-old ones. PMID- 7339744 TI - Deacylation and reacylation of phosphatidylcholines by liver homogenates from chick embryos. AB - Liver homogenates from 13, 17 and 21 day-old chick embryos were incubated with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine labeled with fatty acids to study deacylation and reacylation reactions of phosphatidylcholines during development. By using phosphatidylcholines labeled with palmitic or linoleic acids in position 1 or 2, respectively, phospholipase A2 activity was detected. By using lysophosphatidylcholine labeled with palmitic acid in position 1, preferential acylation with araquidonic acid was demonstrated. In agreement with this data, the incubation of dienoic phosphatidylcholines labeled with palmitic acid in position 1, with the liver homogenates, gave rise to labeled tetraenoic phosphatidylcholines. The extent of both deacylation and reacylation of the phosphatidylcholine molecule in position 2 by liver homogenates from chick embryos, decreased during development. PMID- 7339745 TI - Effect of narciclasine and puromycin on the synthesis of rapidly labelled RNA in excised salivary glands of Chironomus thummi. AB - The effect on transcription of two protein synthesis inhibitors, narciclasine and puromycin, when applied in short periods of time to explanted salivary glands of Chironomus thummi, has been studied. Narciclasine (6 muM) enhances the uptake of uridine and stimulates the synthesis of giant-heterogeneous, pre-ribosomal (38 S) and low-molecular weight (4-5 S) RNA. However, puromycin (200 muM) inhibits uridine uptake and decrease selectively the synthesis of pre-rRNA, while transcription of low-molecular weight RNA is stimulated. These effects are compared with those previously found to be produced by other inhibitors of translation in this biological system. PMID- 7339746 TI - Peroxisomal and mitochondrial citrate synthase in CAM plants. AB - Citrate synthase wa studied for the first time in peroxisomes and mitochondria of crassulacean acid metabolism plants. Cellular organelles were isolated from Agave americana leaves by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and characterized by the use of catalase and cytochrome oxidase as marker enzymes, respectively. 48,000 X g centrifugation caused the breakdown of the cellular organelles. The presence of a glyoxylate cycle enzyme (citrate synthase) and a glycollate pathway enzyme (catalase) in the same organelles, besides the absence of another glyoxalate cycle enzyme (malate synthase) is reported for the first time, suggesting that peroxisomal and glyoxysomal proteins are synthesized at the same time and housed in he same organelle. PMID- 7339747 TI - [Role of fibrin formation processes in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7339748 TI - [When should the rehabilitation start for patients with breast cancer?]. PMID- 7339749 TI - [Hepatitis B virus and periodic hemodialysis. Evaluation of experience of more than 9 years]. PMID- 7339750 TI - [Social incidence of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7339751 TI - [Biochemical interactions in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7339752 TI - [Reinnervation of the paralyzed vocal cord]. PMID- 7339753 TI - [Extended surgery of tumors of the thyroid]. PMID- 7339754 TI - [Current aspects of the surgery of laryngeal stenosis]. PMID- 7339756 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology and experimental microsurgery : arteriovenous anastomosis in the rat (apropos of 150 cases)]. PMID- 7339755 TI - [Use of the laser in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7339757 TI - The stimulating effect of low power laser rays : experimental examinations in otorhinolaryngology. PMID- 7339758 TI - Scintigraphy in the problem of metastases from cancer of the larynx. PMID- 7339759 TI - [Value of the combination of ketotifen and beclomethasone in the treatment of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7339760 TI - [Present and future of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 7339761 TI - [Monotherapy or polytherapy in epilepsy?]. PMID- 7339762 TI - [Congenital ataxia: physiopathologic problems]. PMID- 7339763 TI - [Clinico-biological effectiveness of triflusal during the postoperative period of patients with chronic ischemic syndrome of the extremities]. AB - A group of 15 patients, suffering of chronic ischaemia of the lower limbs, were treated with triflusal, a new antiaggregant and antithrombotic agent, at the dose of 300 mg/day, during the first 90 days after artery by-pass grafting. Clinical exploration of patients included: physical inspection, pulses palpation, intermittent claudication (in metres), arteriography before surgery, and postoperative evolution of oscillometric and Doppler indexes. Determinations of platelet aggregation, induced by ADP, epinephrine and collagen, as well as of prothrombin time, platelet adhesiveness, and of thromboelastography parameters in PRP ane PPP were also carried out. Biochemical and hematological data were determined; gastric tolerance and other side effects were written down. Results show a clear improvement of all patients due to surgery, but with triflusal, it has been possible to maintain a prophylactic effect without thrombosis of the graft or of the distal vessel of patients, during the postoperative period. Actually, lower limbs temperature and pulses were maintained, with a good capillary content and with an improved walking distance. No changes in prothrombin time an platelet adhesiveness, have been observed. Five patients showed a clear hypoaggregant tendency, and thromboelastography in PRP indicates a statistically significant increase of R and K parameters as well as a decrease of am. It must be noticed the absence of gastric, hepatic, renal or metabolic side effects and no haemorrhagic lesions were observed. In conclusion, the treatment of these patients with triflusal prevents the otherwise frequent appearance of postoperative thrombosis in this kind of arterial surgery. PMID- 7339764 TI - [Fire safety in the Navarra University Hospital]. PMID- 7339765 TI - [Indications for CAT in transient focal cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7339766 TI - [Report and perspectives on the electrophysiologic study of trigemino-facial and facial reflexes in vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. PMID- 7339767 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis and parkinsonism]. PMID- 7339769 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in relation to the intensity of stimulation]. PMID- 7339768 TI - [Neurophysiologic tests of the antispasmodic action of baclofen]. PMID- 7339770 TI - [Simultaneous coronary and carotid revascularization. (Presentation of a case with complex cerebrovascular pathology operated on successfully using hypothermia for cerebral protection)]. PMID- 7339771 TI - [Hepatitis B: role of chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carrier health personnel in the spread of the infection]. AB - Using radioimmunoassay (RIA) we discovered 8 chronic healthy carriers of HBsAg among 1,370 sanitary workers in our hospital (0.58%) and we studied, also with RIA, their immunological profile. We have also made an epidemiological and immunological study of their family contacts. Comparing the results of both studies, we emphasize the significance of some immunological markers of these carriers, especially the HBe/anti-HBe system, in the evaluation of potential infective danger to their contacts. On the other hand, the results of our study reveal that the infection risk from the carriers of HBsAg is very slight by extra hematic way. We correlate this smaller infectivity with HBe antigen absence and anti-HBe antibody presence in their serum. Finally, based on the results of the study, some prophylactic measures are proposed and certain social and working considerations are discussed concerning the health-care workers as chronic asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. PMID- 7339772 TI - [Necessity of using significant samples in cell counts]. PMID- 7339773 TI - [Asymptomatic multiple sclerosis - 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) cases found at autopsy in patients who had died from other diseases and in whom no sign or symptom could be related to MS are called "asymptomatic". Three cases are reported. The first patient was a 62 year old man who presented with a slowly progressive disturbance of gait, incontinence and deterioration of intellectual function. A falx meningioma was surgically removed. The patient died 3 years later with an acute respiratory illness. Examination of the brain disclosed evidence of the operation and numerous old plaques disseminated through the cerebral hemispheres (centrum semi-ovale, periventricular regions, internal thalamus and junction between cortex and white matter) and in the brain stem. The second case, a 77 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presented with cortical blindness and disturbances of memory of acute onset. She died one year later. Examination of the brain showed multiple infarcts involving the territories of both posterior cerebral arteries and the left middle cerebral artery. Numerous old plaques were seen in the periventricular regions, in the corpus callosum and in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. The third case, a 60 year old woman with mitral and aortic stenosis, presented with cortical deafness and transient right hemiparesis. She died 5 years later. Brain examination showed infarcts involving both middle cerebral artery territories. There was also many old plaques in the periventricular areas, thalamus, internal capsule, centrum semi-ovale, brain stem and right nucleus dentatus. In the 3 cases, the optic tracts were normal. The spinal cord, examined only in the first case, was also normal. The asymptomatic character of these MS cases can be explained first by the location of the plaques and the lack of spinal cord and optic tract involvement. It could also be due to the small size of the plaques and to axonal preservation. Such features are rare since our 3 observations have been selected from a pathological collection of 125 MS cases and 9,300 general neuropathological records. Six other cases have been previously reported by other authors. PMID- 7339774 TI - [Restitution of visual function in two cases of post-anoxic occipital blindness: a long term clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of post-anoxic occipital blindness, one in an adult and the other in a child, are presented. A quantitative and qualitative semiological analysis was performed using tests described in a previous paper. Mechanisms underlying restitution of visual function were chronologically followed up over three years of rehabilitation. In both cases there was a noteworthy improvement in the visual function, related to the beginning of rehabilitation therapy. Five years of an almost complete cerebral blindness had preceded the improvement in case 2. Spatial construction acquisition and ontogenetic data are compared with the present data. It is suggested that there is a similar loss of activation in Broca's aphasia and cerebral visual disturbances of occipital origin. PMID- 7339775 TI - [Isolated tonic ambulatory flexion of the foot (author's transl)]. AB - A tonic ambulatory foot response developed one year after clamping of an aneurysm of the contralateral carotid artery in a young adult. No motor deficiency was noted during the postoperative period, but spasm of the carotid bifurcation branches were present on arteriograms. Clinical examination and deep reflexes tests excluded pyramidal lesions. Cortical somatesthetic evoked potential recordings confirmed the absence of sensory disturbances. CT scan suggested the presence of an infarct in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery. The present findings are compared with previous reports. The etiological data and CT scan results in the present case allow reconsideration of the physiopathology of tonic ambulatory foot response in the light of current knowledge of locomotor function in animals. The tonic flexion, an "extension" dystonia of the toes, electively provoked by walking, occurring one year after the neurological accident without any pyramidal signs, could arise from a coordination synkinesis due to lesions limited to the efferent extrapyramidal system. PMID- 7339776 TI - [Associative visual agnosia: role of the left hemisphere in visual perception (author's transl)]. AB - Visual agnosia following ischaemic accidents of the left posterior cerebral artery is often associated with intellectual deficiencies, memory disorders, elementary perceptive disturbances and elements of visuoverbal disconnection, with the result that some authors reject the notion of visual agnosia. By using a relatively simple examination procedure it is, however, possible to clearly differentiate the various disturbances, as shown by the case of a right-handed 66 year-old man in whom this type of vascular accident occurred. Neither the reduced intellectual capacities nor the memory disorders can explain the differences observed in the treatment of visual stimuli, which was very disturbed, and the normal treatment of other types of stimulus. Elementary difficulties are not sufficient to prevent correct discrimination, as all tests of matching object, images, colours, and graphic signs were successfully accomplished. Identification was disturbed however: the patient could not show the use of objects presented visually, and this disorder is related to the visual characteristics of the stimuli, which excludes a simple visuogestural disconnection; results of tests of classifying types of object images, colours, and graphic signs were markedly abnormal. Naming of these stimuli was also affected, even when they were correctly identified; this results from the visuoverbal disconnection associated with the agnosia, but it is insufficient to account for it, as the patient could correctly use objects that had been wrongly named, but could not use those that had been poorly identified. This case, therefore, has enabled a visual identification disorder to be isolated independently from a discrimination problem, and visuoverbal or visuogestural disconnections. It is the significance of ths stimulus that is disturbed. In contrast, functional or categorical classification is respected in right temporo-occipital lesions. It is the individuality of a stimulus within a physical category which is disturbed. PMID- 7339777 TI - International Symposium on Control of Nosocomial Infection, Jerusalem, Israel, April 28-May 2, 1980. PMID- 7339778 TI - A program for surveillance of hospital-acquired infections in a general hospital: a two-year experience. AB - A program for surveillance of nosocomial infections was developed and carried out in six departments of Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. A team of nurse-epidemiologist made regular visits to the wards and the microbiology laboratory and recorded all episodes of nosocomial infections, which had been defined by a team of specialist from various hospitals and institutions in Israel. Monthly computerized reports were used to follow the pattern of hospital acquired infections and the patterns of antibiotic sensitivity of the causative organisms. During a two-year period, 15,207 patients were admitted to the hospital and 1,851 episodes of nosocomial infection were reported-a rate of 12.2% for such infection. Postoperative wound infections were the most common infections in surgical services, accounting for between one-third and one-half of the total number of the infections among patients in these units. More than 50% of the infections in the intensive coronary care unit were located at iv sites. In the services for premature and newborn babies the most common infections were conjunctivitis and bacteriuria, the clinical significance of which is not clear. Between one-half and three-fourth of the nosocomial infections were caused by gram-negative organisms. Surgical wound infections were more common after extensive and lengthy operations. The risk of such infections usually increased with age of the patient and was higher after emergency surgery. PMID- 7339779 TI - Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology. I. Rates, case-finding, and interpretation. AB - Surveys of nosocomial infection that have been published in the last two decades present great diversity in both purpose and methods. These differences limit our ability to draw generalizations. Difficulties in understanding and comparing past studies derive from diverse sources. Methodologic areas where there are substantial differences included definitions of rates of infection, criteria for infection, and methods of case-finding. Studies also differ with respect to characteristics of hospital populations, their underlying diseases and their patterns of lengths of stay, clinical procedures, and efforts at prevention of infection. All of these features may change over time and vary with geographic setting. Meaningful comparisons can be made only if uniform definitions of rates are adopted, standardized methods of data collection are employed, and procedures are used to minimize problems in interpretation. These problems in interpretation arise from the confounding effects of multiple uncontrolled variables, the limited applicability of intervention trials, unmeasured perturbation in the steady-states of study populations, and subsequent difficulties in identifying causal factors and measuring their quantitative effects. PMID- 7339780 TI - Methodologic issues in hospital epidemiology. II. Time and accuracy in estimation. AB - Nosocomial infections comprise a variety of diseases that have all of the characteristics and problems traditionally associated with the epidemiology of chronic disease. Each infection is multifactorial in origin, and most of these factors remain either unknown or unquantified. The microbial agent is not the sole determinant of outcome. Time is also an important variable, especially with regard to variation in incubation (latent) period for different infections, and variation in duration of hospitalization (exposure and follow-up). Methods used for the study of chronic diseases may be employed in evaluating some aspects of nosocomial infection. When time is considered as a variable, it is possible to use a common, interconvertible set of definitions of rates that includes measures of both prevalence and incidence of infection. Accuracy in estimation also may be improved by further consideration of the choice of subjects (validity of selection), experimenter effects, misclassification (validity of information), and confounding (validity of comparison. PMID- 7339781 TI - Multivariate analysis of determinants of postoperative wound infection: a possible basis for intervention. AB - Multivariate analysis of variables hypothetically associated with the development of postoperative wound infection was attempted with use of large groups of patients undergoing certain surgical procedures over periods of 12-36 months. The data were obtained through prospective surveillance by specially trained nurse epidemiologists. For patients who had colon surgery (n=261), the multivariate analysis showed that only four variables were independently associated with postoperative wound infection: more than one operation during a single episode of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 7.3); Arab ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio, 6.1); prophylaxis according to the recommended protocol not given (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4); and opening of a colostomy as the specific operation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3). Of all the variables analyzed, more than one operation during an admission was consistently associated with the highest risk of infection in patients who had cardiac and neurosurgery as well as colon surgery. On the other hand, a traditional risk factor, e.g., the presence of drains at the site of the operation, was not found to be independently associated with an increased risk of infection in any of the groups tested. This type of analysis is essential to facilitate the introduction of a more meaningful program for intervention based on proved rather than hypothetical risk factors PMID- 7339782 TI - Rationale and methods for a statewide, prospective surveillance system for the identification and prevention of nosocomial infections. AB - Review of current methods of surveillance for nosocomial infection indicates that prospective surveillance of patients on a daily basis is the most accurate and valid method. In this paper, we detail such a method. Samples of hospitalized patients for surveillance are based on a fixed period of observation in each patient-care area. Data are collected on a detailed, standardized daily log that emphasize the recording of primary clinical data. Such a system is practical and is acceptable to infection control practitioners. Representative samples of patients are obtained. The utility of such a system for identifying preventable risk factors for the development and evaluation of programs of prevention is being tested in 12 acute-care hospitals in Rhode Island. PMID- 7339783 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia: implications and control of epidemic nosocomial colonization. AB - In the 19-month period January 1979-July 1980, 56 patients became colonized or infected with Pseudomonas cepacia. Three groups of patients were identified. In group I, six otolaryngology patients became colonized when contaminated aqueous cocaine was used as a topical anesthetic. In group II, 24 patients became colonized from contaminated lidocaine normal-saline solutions that had been drawn into syringes in advance (setups) and used during bronchoscopy in the internal medicine department. In group III, the source of colonization of infection for 26 patients with sputum, wound, blood, or urine cultures positive for P. cepacia was not determined. However, contaminated aqueous cocaine, found in the pharmacy, had been given to several of these patients. Since most patients were colonized rather than infected with P. cepacia, there was an apparent disparity in the case count based on data obtained from microbiology records and data obtained from ongoing surveillance of nosocomial infections. Several patients who were merely colonized with P. cepacia were inappropriately treated with chloramphenicol. Successful control measures included sterilizing cocaine solutions in the otolaryngology department and in the pharmacy and eliminating contaminated set ups in the internal medicine department. PMID- 7339784 TI - Program for surveillance and intervention in specific problem areas of nosocomial infections. AB - The prevalence of nosocomial infections in Scandinavian hospitals ranges between 8% and 11%. There are no continuous nationwide surveillance systems covering all types of nosocomial infections. Existing programs are limited to representative selections of patients, procedures, services, and hospitals. So far, interest has focused on surveillance and intervention in specific problem areas, e.g., intensive care units, surgical suites, and burn units; in use of antibiotics for prophylaxis in orthopedic and colon surgery; and in prevention of infections due to hepatitis B virus. Studies have shown that many traditionally used procedures can be omitted without any demonstrable influence on the rate of nosocomial infection. Generally, these investigations have led to the establishment of simpler and less expensive procedures. However, the results have suggested that physical containment is important to prevent the spread of certain types of nosocomial infections, e.g., those due to Staphylococcus aureus. Outbreaks dur to a common source of infection, such as those caused by Pseudomonas species, still occur in spite of the awareness of the risk. For the future, the most important trend seems to be toward intervention in medical procedures associated with a high risk of endogenous infection. PMID- 7339786 TI - Wound infection surveillance. AB - This paper describes a prospective study of all surgical wounds of patients at the Foothills Hospital (Calgary, Alberta, Canada) during a period of 10 years to determine the rate of infection of surgical wounds and to assess the factors that influenced this rate. My colleagues and I found that the overall infection rate was 4.7% but that the rate of infection of clean wounds was 1.5%; this latter rate proved to be far more useful than the former as an indicator of control of infections of surgical wounds. Endogenous contamination at the time of operation is more important as a cause of infection than is exogenous contamination. Having the patient shower with an antiseptic agent before the operation and not shaving the operative site reduced the clean wound infection rate. Use of adhesive plastic drapes did not reduce the infection rate. Glove punctures did not prove hazardous. Advanced age of the patient, prolonged preoperative hospitalization, and long operations were associated with an increase in the rate of infection of surgical wounds. PMID- 7339785 TI - Control of infection in the hospital: problems in surgery and the management of burns. AB - Three aspects of hospital infection control are discussed: disinfection of skin, antimicrobial prophylaxis of burns, and methods of preventing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The relative values and limitations of alternative methods of reducing resident and transient skin flora are evaluated on the basis of laboratory studies of volunteers; the special value of alcohol, rubbed to dryness, against both resident and transient flora is illustrated. In prophylaxis against infection of burns, first-and second-line defenses, i.e., against contamination of the burn wound and against invasion from the colonized burn wound, respectively, are illustrated by results of controlled trials of various topical preparations of antimicrobial agents and of a pseudomonas vaccine. Ways of preventing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and of eliminating them from wards in which they have become endemic are illustrated. Methods effective in dealing with resistance to one antibiotic or group of antibiotics do not necessarily have similar value for resistance to other antibiotics; e.g., in a burns unit, Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin due to a plasmid determining resistance to five antibiotics was eliminated by withdrawal of all five of these antibiotics, but in the same unit gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa was eliminated only when all patients with P. aeruginosa were segregated in one ward to which no new patients were admitted until those whose burns had carried gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa had been discharged. PMID- 7339787 TI - Preventing nosocomial infection through the use of effective management techniques. AB - The prevention and control of infection in health care institutions provide challenges for the medical community. The changing relationships among the infectious agent, the mode of transmission, and the compromised host make it difficult to develop effective nosocomial infection control programs. Few studies have been published concerning the application of standard management techniques to the organization and planning of infections control programs. Much activity in the field of infection control today is directed toward crisis intervention. An effective infection control program encompasses a wide base of responsibility and involves the majority of hospital personnel. Such a complex program requires the utilization of sound management techniques, systematic evaluation, and the integration of productive educational programs. PMID- 7339788 TI - Evaluation of antibiotic usage: a comprehensive look at alternative approaches. AB - Current problems related to the use of antibiotics in the United States are summarized. In 1979, pharmaceutical manufacturers shipped +1.55 billion worth of anti-infective drugs. It is estimated that in approximately one-half of all cases that involve administration of antibiotics in the hospital, either the medical condition does not require antibiotic treatment, the most effective and least expensive drug is not chosen, or the correct dosage or duration of therapy is not prescribed. Much of the high cost of antibiotic therapy can be attributed to the use of expensive antibiotics of the cephalosporin and aminoglycoside groups and to the excessive duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. This review presents methods that assess the magnitude of the problem by audit and analyzes the corrective approaches that have been suggested. The major issues of concern related to the use of antibiotics are the complex series of considerations that lead physicians to prescribe antibiotics and the problem of patient expectation and compliance. Excessive usage of antibiotics must be viewed as part of the problem of overusage of all drugs and laboratory procedures. PMID- 7339789 TI - Antibiotic use on the surgical services of two Jerusalem hospitals, as determined by surveillance and influenced by an intervention program. AB - The use of antimicrobial drugs on the surgical services of two hospitals in Jerusalem, Israel, was surveyed prospectively. At one hospital (C), the use of these drugs was controlled: at the other (N), the use was not controlled. At both hospitals the cephalosporins accounted for approximately 21% of the antimicrobial drug-group courses (AMDGCs), however, they accounted for only 11% of the antimicrobial days (AMDs) at C but 22% at N. Prophylaxis after surgical procedures accounted for the initiation of 36% and 33% of the AMDGCs at C and N, respectively. The geometric mean of the duration of prophylactic courses of drug therapy was 3.2 days at C and 3.9 days at N (P less than 0.01). Excessively prolonged prophylaxis accounted for approximately 61% (388 AMDs) of prophylactic use at N and 55% (646 AMDs) at C. At C the proportion of patients receiving prophylaxis in high-risk surgical operations increased from 39% to 97% after the introduction of protocols for prophylaxis, but the average quantity of antimicrobial drugs administered per patient decreased by 38%. PMID- 7339790 TI - Environmental factors in nosocomial infection-a selective focus. AB - For many years attempts to control nosocomial infection consisted of programs to measure and then reduce the number of microorganisms present in the hospital environment. Recently, however, investigation of documented episodes of infection in hospital patients or personnel has been emphasized, and the role of routine microbiologic monitoring has been minimized. Further improvements in infection control will require a better understanding of the relative importance of objects in the animate and inanimate environment as reservoirs and vectors for infection rather than development of newer and better ways to culture the environment. PMID- 7339791 TI - Do you practice what you preach? AB - The role of the infection control nurse comprises surveillance, control, and teaching activities. An active, clinically oriented surveillance policy of infection control includes liaison with staff at ward levels. For implementing and monitoring of policy, an experiment was conducted on the use of an infection control nurse as a member of the ward team. Having the infection control nurse as a team member made all members of the hospital staff more aware of the problems of nosocomial infections and of methods of preventing them. The teaching duties of the infection control nurse are many. An important part of the teaching consists of lecture courses such as those run by the infection control team of the Islington Health District, London, England. This program for infection control includes use of the Epidemiology Board and All-Sites Pathogen Register. The educational needs of the infection control nurse must be met through in service activities and the educational activities of the British Infection Control Nurses' Association. PMID- 7339792 TI - The usefulness of a conceptual model in the study of the efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs. AB - To identify characteristics and activities that should be studied in evaluating the efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs), we developed a conceptual model for use in designing the data collection forms and analytic strategies for the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. The model emphasizes the prevention of infection by improving patient-care practices. From information collected during the hospital interview survey, we found substantial gaps between what should be practiced and what is; moreover, hospitals varied substantially in their approaches to improving these practices. The model and these diverse findings suggest ways in which hospitals can improve their ISCPs. PMID- 7339793 TI - Nosocomial infection control: role of the hospital administrator. AB - The role of the hospital administrator regarding the implementation and maintenance of programs for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections in U.S. hospitals is discussed. Data obtained in the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control provide the basis for describing the backgrounds, demographic characteristics, functions, and potential functions of this official as s/he interacts with members of the infection control committee and other hospital staff. The infection control program of a hospital must have the support of the hospital administrator to be effective. PMID- 7339794 TI - The role of the hospital administrator in the control of nosocomial infections. AB - The hospital administrator is responsible for the allocation of resources at the disposal of the institution and therefore plays an important role in the control of nosocomial infections. The problem of determining what proportion of these resources can be allocated to the control of nosocomial infections is complicated by the fact that there remain many unanswered questions concerning this problem, such as whether is is possible to prevent many of the infections acquired in hospital, what the most efficient method of infection surveillance is, and whether the use of antibiotics should be controlled. In such a climate of uncertainty, particularly in a milieu that demands severe budgetary reductions, the hospital administrator will need the assistance of clinicians and epidemiologists to provide data on nosocomial infections so that the limited resources available may be used most effectively. PMID- 7339795 TI - Epidemiology of mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli in South Africa. AB - The findings of the last two decades in the area of the epidemiology of mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli are reviewed. The veterinary problem of cross-reactivity in cattle to the tuberculin test was overcome by comparative use of avian purified protein derivative (PPD). Outbreaks of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in swine occur sporadically and are due to Mycobacterium intracellulare. The reservoir for nontuberculous mycobacteria appears to be in the environment, especially on growing fodder plants; water cannot be incriminated. In humans very few cases of mycobacteriosis have been found. However, countrywide surveys of random sputum cultures have shown that exposure of rural people to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is either continuous or frequent. Ten percent of African children react specifically to avian PPD tuberculin. No direct influence of this exposure on the incidence of tuberculosis can be seen. No protective effect by mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli is postulated. PMID- 7339796 TI - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex serovars isolated in South Africa from humans, swine, and the environment. AB - From 1968 to 1978 a total of 792 strains of the Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex were isolated from various sources in South Africa and serotyped according to Schaefer's seroagglutination test' 569 strains were from healthy rural persons, 171 strains were from lymph node lesions of swine, and 52 environmental strains were from animal feed and bedding, plants, dust, and soil. Serotyping was undertaken to determine the exposure of humans and animals to various serovars, to ascertain the predominance of individual serovars from the various sources, and to pinpoint, if possible, reservoirs of infection. Occurrence of M. avium serovars 1--3 was low in all sources studied: 1% in humans, 4% in the environment, and 14% in swine. The predominant human serovars were 7, 14, 19, 24, and 13, whereas the predominant swine serovars were 8, 4, double type 4/8, and 10. Serovars found in the environment were 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 17, with serovars 4 and 8 predominating.. Therefore, in South Africa, as in Australia, humans and animals are continuously exposed to various serovars, particularly serovars 4--24, which can be frequently and regularly isolated from the environment, the possible source of infection. PMID- 7339797 TI - The epidemiology of opportunist mycobacterial infections in Wales, 1952--1978. AB - The incidence of infections caused by opportunist mycobacteria in Wales during the years 1952--1978 was derived from the records of the Mycobacterium Reference Unit in Cardiff. Mycobacterium kansasil gave rise to 154 pulmonary and two nonpulmonary infections. Most of these patients were middle-aged men, approximately half of whom had pneumoconiosis or occupational exposure to dust. Organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex caused pulmonary disease in 44 subjects and nonpulmonary disease in 20. Those with pulmonary infections had a mean age of 57 years, and the majority of the males in this group were or had been coal miners. Of the nonpulmonary infections, 18 were cases of cervical lymphadenopathy in young children. Other mycobacteria accounted for 18 cases of pulmonary disease (mycobacterium xenopi, 9; Mycobacterium malmoense, 8; Mycobacterium szulgai, 1), but rarely caused nonpulmonary infections. From these figures it was estimated that there are 200 cases of infection with opportunist mycobacteria in Great Britain per year. PMID- 7339798 TI - Mycobacterium kansasii infections in the Netherlands: a brief summary. PMID- 7339799 TI - When is an infection disease? PMID- 7339800 TI - Chemotherapy for pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii: efficacies of some individual drugs. AB - An evaluation of chemotherapy was made for 256 patients with pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium kansasii. Studies of in vitro resistance of M. kansasii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to various drugs revealed important differences between the two species that should be considered when planning chemotherapy. Partial or no in vitro resistance to 1 microgram of isoniazid/ml did not adversely affect the time required for conversion of sputum from positive to negative, whereas complete resistance to isoniazid had a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) adverse effect. All of the 115 patients who received treatment that included rifampin (initial and retreatment) had sputum conversion within four months. However, for regimens that did not include rifampin, 127 (90%) of 141 patients had conversion within four months (P less than 0.01). After completion of chemotherapy that included rifampin, there were no relapses among 64 patients, but after therapy without rifampin, four (7%) of 59 patients relapsed. The greater efficacy of the regimens that included rifampin may be due at least partially to the fact that more drugs were administered than in regimens that did not include rifampin. The use of p-aminosalicylic acid seems unwarranted in the treatment of disease due to M. kansasii. Since rifampin may be the most potent drug for treatment of this disease, the recommended combinations for initial treatment are (l) rifampin, streptomycin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, or (2) rifampin and two other drugs to which the organism is sensitive. PMID- 7339802 TI - Spectrum of clinical disease in pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. AB - Cases of infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare reported in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, have become more common in recent years, and their incidence--50 cases per year--is now similar to that of tuberculosis. Cases usually occur in middle aged men with underlying lung diseases, but variations in age, sex, presentation, and severity of disease are wide. Several cases that illustrate pathogenesis and spectrum of disease, from primary, to chronic-active, to healing stages, are presented. The disease tends to run an indolent course in most cases, but extensive disease and unfavorable early course indicate poor prognosis. At a 10 year review, mortality had reached sizable numbers in this aging population with frequent serious underlying problems. Only a small number of these deaths can be attributed directly to mycobacterial disease. PMID- 7339801 TI - Treatment of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii: recent experience with rifampin. AB - Records of 244 patients with Mycobacterium kansasii isolated from their sputum were reviewed. Of the 244 patients, 82 failed to meet study criteria and were excluded. Response to treatment and posttreatment follow-up was evaluated in 162 patients. Overall, 135 patients (83%) achieved negative sputum cultures within six months. Among 32 patients whose drug regimen included rifampin, all 32 (100%) had negative cultures at the fourth and fifth months, but two relapsed during the sixth month, with cultures resistant to 1.0 and 25 micrograms of rifampin/ml. Among 130 patients whose regimen did not include rifampin, negative sputum cultures were achieved by the sixth month in 101 (80%). In these patients, no significant influence could be attributed to (1) the use of three-drug vs. two drug regimens; (2) the in vitro susceptibility of pretreatment cultures to isoniazid; (3) the coexistence of obstructive airway disease; or (4) the early use of pulmonary resection. The susceptibility of pretreatment cultures to streptomycin in those who received this drug may have influenced outcome. The late follow-up showed a cumulative relapse rate of 13% over five years in those who had achieved negative cultures initially, and the relapse rate did not appear to be influenced by pulmonary resection as part of the treatment. PMID- 7339803 TI - Treatment of disease due to Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - During eleven and one-half years, 122 patients with M. intracellulare disease were treated at National Jewish Hospital and Research Center, Denver, Colorado. Of the 81 patients treated with multiple drug chemotherapy, 63 (78%) were considered to be treatment successes. On follow-up (averaging 55 months) 40 of the 63 patients had remained clinically stable or improved and 12 had grown worse. Ten of these 63 patients had relapsed. Of the 63 patients considered to be treatment successes, 23 (36.5%) had died during follow-up, mostly of pulmonary disease. Of the 18 patients who failed to respond to chemotherapy, 2 were later successfully treated with surgery, 5 patients were clinically worsening, and 8 (44%) had died during a follow-up period averaging 43 months. A group of 41 patients had indeterminate results with chemotherapy. Eight had died while in the hospital. Follow-up information after an average of 43 months indicated that 9 patients became treatment successes (5 with chemotherapy, 4 with surgery), 12 were clinically stable or improving, and an additional 13 had died for a total of 21 deaths (51%). The overall success of treatment in the 122 patients was 61%. Fifty-two (43%) died during the study. Many patients will respond to drug therapy and remain clinically well for years. Because of the potential seriousness of this disease in some patients, multiple drug chemotherapy should be used. PMID- 7339804 TI - Disease due to Mycobacterium intracellulare: its possible association with human leukocyte antigens. AB - Most of the population of the United States is exposed to Mycobacterium intracellulare, but only a few persons develop disease due to this organism. This fact suggests that certain host factors may predispose an individual to this disease. To investigate the possibility that susceptibility to disease due to M. intracellulare may be determined by genetic factors, as evidenced in profiles of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), we examined 41 consecutive patients with use of tissue typing for HLA-A and HLA-B loci. The association in individuals between disease and frequency of HLAs was analyzed and compared with control data of HLA frequencies in the caucasian American population. The observed frequencies of many HLAs were different from those expected, but none of the individual differences were significant statistically. However, the frequency of the haplotype A2-B12 was found to be significantly higher than the expected frequency (P less than 0.05). While the population of patients studied was small, the observed increase in the haplotype frequency may indicate a possible predisposing genetic factor in this disease. PMID- 7339805 TI - Surgical management of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. AB - Of 131 patients with pulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, 124 had excisional surgery plus chemotherapy. Seven had definitive thoracoplasties. Postoperative complications of various degrees developed in 24% of those who had surgery. Bronchopleural fistulae requiring thoracoplasties occurred in seven patients. Nine patients died in the postoperative period. The sputum of 93% of the patients became negative for M. avium-intracellulare, and 5% of the patients had bacteriologic relapse. Only two of the 122 patients who survived surgery died from progressive pulmonary infection due to M. avium-intracellulare. PMID- 7339806 TI - Clinical usefulness of amikacin and doxycycline in the treatment of infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - The antimicrobial agents amikacin and doxycycline, which are not conventionally considered for use in treatment of mycobacterial infections, inhibit growth of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei in vitro. Ten patients were treated with these drugs alone or in combination with some surgical procedure. Seven of the 10 patients were definitely cured by the therapy. Only one definite treatment failure occurred. Patients with infections due to M. fortuitum or M. chelonei that are susceptible in vitro to these drugs appear to benefit from chemotherapy. PMID- 7339807 TI - Atypical mycobacterial infections in children. PMID- 7339808 TI - Mixed mycobacterial infections. AB - A pathologic event in humans or animals that involves the participation of two or more species of mycobacteria may be designated as a mixed mycobacterial infection. In the majority of cases of such mixed infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is found with one of the atypical mycobacteria. The allergic and immune reactions produced by Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, and Mycobacterium chelonei in guinea pigs was studied. Sensitins that were prepared from cultures of these microorganisms were species specific, producing intensive cutaneous reactions in the animals infected with these organisms. Animals that received atypical mycobacteria and were infected secondarily with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) had a positive reaction to tuberculin H37Rv PPD-S, but the sensitivity of such animals to the atypical strains was not altered. The atypical strains studied have no immunogenic power against tuberculosis, and they reduced the immunizing power of BCG, probably by exerting an immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 7339809 TI - Pulmonary infection caused by atypical mycobacteria: a report of 24 cases in Thailand. AB - From 1969 to 1978, 24 patients were suspected of having pulmonary disease caused by atypical mycobacteria. Seven were infected with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, six with Mycobacterium avium, six with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, two with Mycobacterium fortuitum, and one with Mycobacterium gordonae. One patient had a strain of scotochromogens antigenically related to Mycobacterium simiae. Mycobacterium kansasii was found in only one patient. Retrospective analysis revealed that 20 of the patients had preexisting pulmonary diseases, including 16 who had tuberculosis. Disease caused by atypical mycobacteria is rare in Thailand, and possible reasons for the rarity are discussed. PMID- 7339811 TI - International Conference on Atypical Mycobacteria. A symposium dedicated to the memory of Werner B. Schaefer. Denver, Colorado, September 5--8, 1979. PMID- 7339810 TI - Pulmonary disease due to atypical mycobacteria: a retrospective study from South India. AB - Of 4,943 patients admitted to various chemotherapy studies over the past two decades at the Tuberculosis Research Centre, Madras, India, 21 were found to be repeatedly excreting mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The chest radiographic appearance of these patients was similar to that of those patients with tuberculosis. Thirteen patients yielded repeat isolates identified as photochromogens, especially those patients who had not previously had tuberculosis. Cultures from the remaining patients were positive for nonchromogens. Occupational exposure to dust was common. Follow-up studies indicated radiographic improvement in nine patients and a bacteriologic normal status in eleven. Ten patients had died. Results of antituberculosis drug regimens were variable, but response was considered unsatisfactory in nearly 50% of the patients. PMID- 7339812 TI - International Conference on Atypical Mycobacteria. Introduction. PMID- 7339813 TI - Mycobacteria: an overview. PMID- 7339814 TI - Numerical taxonomy and cooperative studies: roles and limits. AB - Because of the wide array of specialized tests needed for classification of mycobacteria and the complexity of some of these tests, the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy was organized in 1967 to conduct cooperative studies and provide a broad data base for numerical taxonomic analysis of the genus. Certain parameters, such as immunologic properties and lipid composition, were withheld from the numerical analyses to provide independent corroboration of the observed clustering. Overall, these studies have yielded confirmation of the validity of many species, as well as detailed description of these species. The numerical analyses do not resolve all taxonomic questions in the genus Mycobacterium, but they do provide phylogenetic hypotheses based on phenetic clustering. These hypotheses presently are being tested by techniques for measuring DNA relatedness and protein sequence conservation. Concurrently, cooperative studies are continuing in order to provide adequate description of some of the more obscure mycobacterial species. PMID- 7339815 TI - Some considerations regarding the classification and identification of mycobacteria. AB - The principles of classification and identification of microorganisms are stated briefly. Reliable classification and identification are achieved by numerical methods. A simple method of testing the distinctness of taxa (clusters or species) involves three steps: determination of the hypothetical median or mean organism (HMO) for each taxon, estimation of matching coefficients (M values) for individual strains of each taxon to the HMO of the same taxon and to HMOS of other taxa, and definition of the range of a taxon as M +/- 2SD, where M is the mean M value to the HMO. The minimal number of characteristics needed for reliable classification is greater than 40, and none of the characteristics should be related or biased. A species should be defined by more than four strains. After distinct taxa are defined and named as species, new isolates are tested to determine which taxon they belong to. This test is done by a numerical method: comparison of a new isolate with the HMO of various species and testing whether the resulting M values fall within the ranges of any of these species. If an M value of a new isolate falls within the range of taxon X and M values to the HMOS of other species are outside the limits of those species, the isolate is identified as belonging to taxon X. A simple, conventional (nonnumerical) identification system consisting of a small number of tests may be used in clinical laboratories, but one should always keep in mind that identification by such a system often leads to misidentification. Causes of misidentification are false reactions (misjudgment of results), inadequate choice of test characteristics, and use of too small a number of tests. PMID- 7339816 TI - Lipid analysis for the identification of mycobacteria: an appraisal. AB - A review is presented of the use of lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography for the identification and classification of mycobacteria. Specific lipid patterns are known for 15 species (in some cases a species may exhibit more than one pattern), and these patterns normally correlate well with serotypes. In six species the lipid pattern is not very distinctive but can still be useful. No specific lipid patterns have been detected in 15 species, three of which can be classed as tubercle bacilli, and only two of the remainder are pathogenic for humans. PMID- 7339817 TI - The seroagglutination test in the study of nontuberculous mycobacteria. AB - The Schaefer seroagglutination test is useful in epidemiologic studies of nontuberculous mycobacteria, especially the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare scrofulaceum complex. Serovars 8, 16, 4, 19, 9, 42, and 1 were isolated most frequently from patients in the United States in the period 1976 to mid-1978. Several so-called double serovars were found serologically. It appears that this is an artifact due to cross-reacting antigens, because only one antigen is seen using chromatographic analyses. Further development of this system and its use in conjunction with other methods offer a valuable method for the study of nontuberculous mycobacteria. PMID- 7339818 TI - Application of pyrolysis mass spectrometry to the classification and identification of mycobacteria. AB - Application of modern pyrolysis techniques offers the possibility for mass spectrometric analysis of complete bacterial cells. It was shown that pyrolysis mass spectra provide fingerprints of mycobacterial cells that are characteristic on the (sub)species level. Computer-aided comparisons of the spectra for mycobacteria were used for identification of unknown strains as members of either the "tuberculosis complex" (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis-BCG, M. bovis) or of the group referred to as "atypical mycobacteria." Pyrolysis mass spectrometry was performed with a completely automated instrument, and spectra were evaluated by two computerized numerical methods. The first method has general applicability to mass spectrometry data, while the second was devised for the routine identification of the "tuberculosis complex." With use of the latter method, 125 strains were identified. A positive correlation of 94.4% was found between the results of this method and the results of the usual bacteriologic procedures; 1.6% of all strains were given a falsely negative identification, and 4.0% were given a falsely positive identification. PMID- 7339819 TI - Basis for lack of drug susceptibility of atypical mycobacteria. AB - The patterns of multiple-drug resistance of the nontuberculous mycobacteria as judged from population analysis of recent isolates are described. In this article the various possible mechanisms of drug resistance in these mycobacteria (high frequencies of spontaneous mutation, drug-resistance factors, permeability, and exclusion) are analysed in light of current evidence. Epidemiologic and bacteriologic arguments are presented that appear to refute the hypothesis that high frequency of spontaneous mutation and drug-resistance factors explain multiple-drug resistance. Preliminary work suggesting that resistance in nontuberculous mycobacteria may be caused by the failure of antibiotics to reach the cytoplasmic membrane is discussed. PMID- 7339820 TI - In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of atypical mycobacteria to various drugs. AB - In vitro sensitivities to various drugs of a total of 106 strains of atypical mycobacteria were studied in modified Dubos Tween albumin liquid medium. Eight triple-drug combinations of antituberculous drugs were also evaluated in vitro for their potentiated activities. Minimal to moderate potentiation was demonstrated in the majority of the combination. From the results, the triple drug combination--including rifampin, one of three aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin), and either ethionamide or ethambutol--might be recommended for Mycobacterium kansasii infections. Against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections, rifampin-kanamycin-ethionamide or rifampin-kanamycin-ethambutol might be the choice if we were to select any triple-drug regimen. None of the triple drug regimens thus far tested on M. avium-intracellulare were active enough to recommend fully for clinical use. In vivo experimental chemotherapy of murine infection with Mycobacterium intracellulare (TMC 1469) on a five-drug regimen, kanamycin-rifampin-cycloserine-ethambutol-ethionamide, showed a moderate therapeutic effect but the infection was not eradicated. PMID- 7339821 TI - Sulfonamide activity against Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Forty-eight clinical strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and 15 clinical strains of Mycobacterium chelonei were evaluated for susceptibility to sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). Sensitivity tests were carried out with use of agar dilutions in Mueller-Hinton agar and a plate inoculum of 10(2) cfu. Thirty-six percent of the isolates of M. fortuitum were inhibited by 8 micrograms of sulfonamide/ml, and 98% were inhibited by 32 micrograms/ml. None of the isolates of M. chelonei were inhibited at these concentrations, but 73% were inhibited by 128 micrograms/ml, and 87% were inhibited by 256 micrograms/ml. Both species were highly resistant to TMP, and the combination TMP-SMZ (1:20) was no more active than was SMZ alone. The growth of M. chelonei on Mueller-Hinton agar required the addition of 10% OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase), and exact MICs were difficult to determine by agar dilutions because growth of the organism tended to diminish gradually over several dilutions. Six patients with disease due to rapidly growing mycobacteria were treated with sulfonamides, and all showed a good response to therapy. Sulfonamides may be the treatment of choice for infections due to M. fortuitum and offer potential for the therapy of disease due to M. chelonei. PMID- 7339822 TI - Factors that affect the cell cycle of Mycobacterium avium. AB - Mycobacterium avium, a pathogen of both animals and humans, is an acid-fast bacterium that is very drug-resistant and pleomorphic in colony and cellular morphology. By selective filtration, cells 1 micrometer long could be obtained. When placed in fresh medium, these small cells elongated to form filaments that aggregated during about a 40-hr incubation period. The filamentous cells divided rapidly for an additional 40 hr, with a doubling time of approximately 6 hr. Fission ceased, and the resulting culture consisted of coccobacilli. The cell cycle would not proceed if the cells were starved for either fatty acid or ammonium ion. During elongation (the growth phase), protein, DNA, and triglycerides were synthesized exponentially. During the fission stage, the triglycerides were utilized and redistributed among other cellular constituents. It is proposed that the cell cycle offers a unique system by which to test drugs that may inhibit growth of, or be bactericidal for, M. avium. PMID- 7339823 TI - Agents of mycobacterial variations. AB - Mycobacterial variations are determined by physicochemical agents or by genetic transfers. The pioneer work done on the study of the effects of light, radiation, heat, nutritional factors, and drugs is reviewed. Technical and conceptual problems arise in the study of genetic transfer by means of conjugation and transformation in mycobacteria. Transduction and lysogenic conversion are shown to be responsible for important changes in bacterial and colony morphology, enzymatic activities, bacteriophage and drug resistance. Results of recent experiments with different strains of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) suggest a relationship between phage conversion and the degree of immunogenic potential. PMID- 7339824 TI - Antigenic relationships among mycobacterial species studied by modified-rocket and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The complexity of antigens from various species of mycobacteria was explored with use of variations in the techniques of fused-rocket immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and two-dimensional IEP. Resolution and formation of lines of identity depended on shape and arrangement of antigen wells, concentration of reagents, and procedure for electrophoresis. Rocket IEP of a sonicate into heterologous antiserum in one dimension followed by IEP into homologous antiserum in a second dimension permitted ready identification of heterologous reactions, with direct identity to homologous precipitin bands. Variations in procedures provided versatility that permitted comparison of antigens of unknown or different species, expression of relatedness, comparison of different antisera, and progress of purification or fractionation. PMID- 7339825 TI - Mycobacterial sensitins: where are we now? AB - A limited review of the results of using comparative reciprocal intradermal mycobacterial sensitin (CRIS) testing with guinea pigs for the classification and identification of mycobacteria is presented. The technical procedures and the materials used in CRIS testing are referred to only briefly. Strains of mycobacteria that grow well on a synthetic nonimmunogenic medium can be identified or classified at the species level with this method. At present some 50 species of mycobacteria can be identified by CRIS testing. With this method alone, delineation between the genera Mycobacterium and Nocardia (or between subgenera of Mycobacterium proposed earlier) and differentiation between individual strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium africanum are not possible. In a blind study that utilized CRIS testing, a total of 10 strains of Mycobacterium avium complex serovars 1, 2, 4, and 6 and one strain of serovar 9 were identified as M. avium; a total of five strains of serovars 14, 16, 17, and 20 and one strain of serovar 12 were identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare; a total of seven strains of serovars 41, 42, and 43 and two other strains of serovar 9 were identified as Mycobacterium scrofulaceum; and two other strains of serovar 9 appeared to be distinct from M. avium and from the other two species just mentioned (author's unpublished data). CRIS tests cannot be used at present for the identification of mycobacteria that cannot be cultivated. PMID- 7339826 TI - Characterization of plasmids from strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. AB - Strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were examined for the presence of plasmids. Actively growing cultures were treated with cycloserine and ampicillin to sensitize the cells to lysis by detergent, and cleared lysates were prepared by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and NaCl. Purified plasmid DNA was prepared by equilibrium density centrifugation in CsCl gradients containing ethidium bromide and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Strain LR25 was found to carry three plasmids, including a large plasmid with a molecular weight of greater than 10(8). Examination of the DNA by electron microscopy confirmed that the bands seen in the agarose gels represented circular DNA molecules. The presence of plasmids was demonstrated in four additional strains. Three plasmids were carried in a strain of serovar 2, and single plasmids were detected in strains of serovars 4, 12, and 18. Plasmids were not detected in three strains of serovars 1, 3, and 5. PMID- 7339827 TI - The value of animal models for study of infection due to atypical mycobacteria. AB - To elucidate the present significance of animal experimentation for the solving of taxonomic and epidemiologic questions arising in the study of the various species of the so-called atypical mycobacteria, experimental results in animals are presented. The Mycobacterium avium complex in particular is discussed in detail. Guinea pigs, rabbits, hens, and white mice were infected in different ways with various doses of the mycobacteria in question. The animals were killed after a given time unless they had died spontaneously. The findings are expressed in terms of survival time, macroscopic and microscopic appearance, and the results of cultures of the organs involved. The relationship between the course of the disease in humans and the virulence of the mycobacterial strains for animals is still not a close one. In general, large inocula of organisms are needed to set up lesions in experimental animals. M. Avium serovar strains are the most virulent to experimental animals. PMID- 7339828 TI - Mycobacterial infections in animals. AB - Mycobacteria other than mammalian tubercle bacilli are capable of producing disease in a wide range of animal hosts. Serotypes of Mycobacterium avium complex cause the most important mycobacterial diseases in domestic animals. Although disease is most common in lymph nodes, a wide variety of tissues may be involved, including tissue from spleen, liver, lungs, kidney, central nervous system, gall bladder, intestinal mucosa, skeletal system, ovaries, and the skin. PMID- 7339829 TI - Experimental infections with Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - Information on the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium intracellulare disease is necessary to facilitate the finding of effective drugs. As a first step, development of a suitable small-animal model is needed. Examination of several strains of mice and M. intracellulare led us to conclude that the Swiss Webster strain of mice and the 8330 and 571-8 strains of M. intracellular were most useful. Since the use of normal mice resulted only in a chronic type of disease lasting many months, immune suppression by means of trypan blue, silica, or a combination of cyclophosphamide and cortisol was attempted in order to generate an acute infection. Higher numbers of bacilli were recovered from organs in the immune-suppressed animals as compared with the controls, more so in the lungs than in the spleen, although no acute type of disease process resulted. PMID- 7339830 TI - Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of atypical mycobacteria for calves: a short summary. PMID- 7339831 TI - Recent experience in the epidemiology of disease caused by atypical mycobacteria. AB - To obtain information on the epidemiology of mycobacteriosis, water and air samples collected along the East Coast of the United States were examined for mycobacteria. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) were isolated from 25% of the water, samples, mostly those from South Carolina, Georgia, and the Gulf states. Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum were not found, probably because of the detrimental effects of the NaOH used to decontaminate the samples. MAIS strains were found more often in estuaries than in fresh or ocean waters. The frequency of Mycobacterium intracellulare was relatively uniform along the entire coast, while Mycobacterium scrofulaceum predominated in the South. Only M. intracellulare was found in aerosol specimens, although both M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum were found in waters collected at the same sites. PMID- 7339832 TI - Epidemiologic studies of lung disease due to mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Japan. AB - The incidence of lung disease due to mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (atypical mycobacteria) in Japan was estimated to be 0.9--1.9 per 10(5) population per year in 1971--1979. Although the incidence of lung tuberculosis is steadily decreasing, the incidence of lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria has remained at almost the same level. The number of patients newly infected per year in recent years was calculated to be approximately 2,000. The ratio of the number of patients with lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria to the number of patients with lung disease due to atypical mycobacteria to the number of patients with lung disease due to all species of mycobacteria was highest in hospitals on the southwest coast of the Pacific. The atypical mycobacteria that caused disease most frequently belonged to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. Of the 537 cases of disease due to atypical mycobacteria, 491 (89.6%) were due to these organisms; 43 (8.0%), to Mycobacterium kansasii; and 7 (1.3%), to Mycobacterium fortuitum. The disease due to M. kansasii appeared most frequently in hospitals in the Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures. Patients with lung tuberculosis had a high risk of lung infection due to M. avium-intracellulare. The incidence of such disease in tuberculous patients was estimated to be 18.7 per 10(5) population per year, a rate that is approximately 10 times that found in the general population. PMID- 7339834 TI - [Pancreatitis and elemental diet. Exocrine secretion in dogs and a clinical study]. PMID- 7339833 TI - [Organization of a nutritional support service]. PMID- 7339835 TI - [Relation between caloric intake and nitrogen balance in the post operative period]. PMID- 7339836 TI - [A useful nomogram for nutritional evaluation]. PMID- 7339837 TI - [Chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestines and cancer risk]. PMID- 7339838 TI - [Invasive bladder carcinoma in childhood: review of the literature apropos of 2 unusual cases]. PMID- 7339839 TI - [Anatomo-scintigraphic correlation in 78 surgical cases of solitary benign follicular thyroid nodule (adenomas)]. PMID- 7339840 TI - [Surgical treatment of biliary complications of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7339841 TI - [Vaginal hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine prolapse (The Mayo-Ward Salvatore technic)]. PMID- 7339843 TI - Some problems of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Poland. PMID- 7339842 TI - [Comparative study of the various gravimetric methods for measuring and evaluating dust in coal mines of the member countries of the European Community]. PMID- 7339844 TI - [Study of lung symptomatology and lung function in steelworkers]. AB - We have examined 272 steelworkers, aged 45 to 55 years, by means of the ECSC questionnaire and the following lung function tests: vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC); maximal expiratory flow rates (Vmax, Vmax 50, Vmax 75); specific airways conductance (SGaw); slope of the N2 alveolar plateau after oxygen inhalation (delta N2) and the bolus closing volume (CV). The influence of smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function was confirmed. In order to assess the influence of occupational pollution a sample of 163 workers was classified according to smoking habits and workplace (either LD-steelplant and continuous casting department, or sheet rolling mill). In the nonsmokers group we found that the workers from the steelplant and continuous casting department (n = 12) had a significantly lower SGaw value (delta = 0.065 cm H2O-1 . s-1, p less than 0.01) and a significantly higher CV value (delta = 4.5% VC, p less than 0.05) than the workers from the sheet rolling mill (n = 11). Differences in FEV1/VC, Vmax 50 and Vmax 75 were not significant, but were also consistent with a slight airflow obstruction in the steelplant workers. In the smokers (n = 99) and exsmokers (n = 41) groups no differences existed between both working categories. Our results suggest that nonsmoking workers from the steelplant and the continuous casting department have undergone moderate, but detectable effects from industrial pollution. These effects are probably masked by those of tobacco in smokers and exsmokers. PMID- 7339845 TI - [Microscopic study by reflected light of peritoneal exudates]. PMID- 7339846 TI - [Use of plasma exchange in treating kidney failure from paraproteinemic diseases]. PMID- 7339847 TI - Confirmation of the utility of plasma-exchange in the treatment of severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7339848 TI - [Clinical study of multiple primary neoplasms]. PMID- 7339849 TI - Preparation of leukocyte poor blood with a cotton wool filter. Some technical details and initial clinical experiences. PMID- 7339850 TI - Red blood cells frozen thawed and washed in the original collection bag. PMID- 7339851 TI - Studies on some coagulation parameters and platelet function in leuko and platelet-apheresed donors. PMID- 7339852 TI - [Problems related to neurologic diseases developing during pregnancy]. PMID- 7339853 TI - [Incidence of neurologic disease in pregnancy during the 5-year-period 1974-1978 at the Benfratelli Municipal Hospital of Palermo]. PMID- 7339854 TI - [Myasthenia and pregnancy]. PMID- 7339855 TI - [Clinico-tomographic contribution to the diagnosis of pregnancy-puerperal cerebral venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7339856 TI - [Neurologic and cerebrovascular pathology during treatment with oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7339857 TI - [Cerebrovascular malformations in pregnancy]. PMID- 7339858 TI - [Bilateral femoral paralysis following laparotomy for gynecologic and non gynecologic procedures. Pathogenetic hypotheses]. PMID- 7339859 TI - [Epilepsy and pregnancy]. PMID- 7339860 TI - [Acute spinal cord syndrome in pregnancy. Case report]. PMID- 7339861 TI - [Pregnancy and labor complicated by acute thallium poisoning. Case report]. PMID- 7339862 TI - [Statistico-epidemiologic aspects of cranial injuries]. PMID- 7339863 TI - [Polygraphic recording of intracranial pressure in acute head injuries]. PMID- 7339864 TI - Albumin excretion and renal haemodynamic response to physical exercise in normal and diabetic man. AB - The relationship between exercise albuminuria and changes in renal haemodynamics during exercise in diabetes was investigated. In thirteen male, juvenile diabetic patients and seven comparable normal subjects GFR (125 I-iothalamate clearance) and RPF (131 I-hippuran clearance) as well as urinary albumin excretion were measured during the exercise test (450 kpm/min followed by 600 kpm/ min each for 20 min). All examined persons had normal baseline albumin excretion. The diabetics with a diabetes duration of 3-17 years exhibited increased albumin excretion during exercise, whereas there was no difference between the normals and the diabetics with less than 2 years of diabetes duration. The percentage changes during exercise in GFR, RPF and filtration fraction (FF) were at the same level in diabetics and normals. The FF was higher both in baseline values and during exercise for the two groups of diabetics when compared to the normals but no correlation between FF and albumin excretion could be demonstrated. Thus, elevated FF alone per se does not induce increase in albumin excretion. Systemic haemodynamics, heart rater and blood pressure, showed no difference between any of the groups. Concerning the abnormal albumin response in diabetics, it is concluded that the most likely explanation is that the glomerular membrane in these patients is unable to retain albumin when increased filtration pressure is operating during exercise. Altered renal haemodynamics during exercise may play a contributory role. PMID- 7339865 TI - Characteristics of doxorubicin transport in human red blood cells. AB - The doxorubicin (Adriamycin) transport was investigated by measuring the net efflux of dororubicin from loaded erythrocytes into doxorubicin-free media at 37 degree C. The doxorubicin concentration in the cell water was kept low (5-10 mumol/l). The doxorubicin transport increased with increasing pH. The approx. pKa of the doxorubicin amino group was 7.6(37 degree C, ionic strength 0.15). Phloretin, l-alcohols and local anaesthetics increased doxorubicin transport after the fashion of the effect of these drugs on membrane transport of lipophilic compounds. Several inhibitors of facilitated transport systems in erythrocytes did not affect doxorubicin transport. The calcium and magnesium concentration in the cell water (0-2 mmol/l) did not affect doxorubicin transport. It appears that doxorubicin transport in human erythrocytes takes place by free diffusion of the electrically uncharged (unprotonated) doxorubicin molecule through the lipid domain of the cell membrane. PMID- 7339866 TI - Postischaemic hyperaemia studied with a transcutaneous oxygen electrode used at 33-37 degrees C. AB - The hyperaemic response in the vasculature of the forearm skin following induced ischaemia was studied with a transcutaneous oxygen (tcpO2) electrode. Electrode temperatures of 35-37 degree C allowed optimal recordings of the postischaemic reaction. During arterial occlusion there was a fall in tcpO2 to zero in 1-3 min. Re-establishment of circulation resulted in a biphasic reaction, with a steep rise overshooting the baseline recording by 1-3 kPa and a slower return to baseline level. At higher electrode temperatures (greater than 39 degree C) there was no overshoot due to hyperaemia. The postischaemic peak response was well reproducible from one occasion to another in the same subject. Simultaneous recording of energy consumption for the heating of the electrode permitted detection of artifacts and environmental changes unrelated to postischaemic hyperaemia, therefore validating the tcpO2 recordings but only at electrode temperatures greater than 35 degree C. The tcpO2 technique used at 35-37 degree C easily detects relative blood flow changes and seems suitable for comparative studies. The method is non-invasive and permits continuous recordings in well defined skin areas in human subject; significant advantages compared with other methods available. PMID- 7339867 TI - Lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification rate in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia of type IIa. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual differences regarding lipoprotein concentrations and compositions, and the cholesterol esterification rate in subjects with type IIa hypercholesterolaemia. Twenty men and 33 women with type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia, asymptomatic as regards ischaemic heart disease were investigated. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) were measured in plasma and in the very-low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. The cholesterol esterification rate was determined in plasma in vitro. In comparison with the male group the females had higher concentrations of TC and PL in the HDL, leading to higher ratios of HDL-TC/LDL-TC and HDL-PL/LDL-Pl in the females group. The cholesterol esterification rates were equal in the sexes. However, relations between the cholesterol esterification rates and lipoprotein concentrations and between cholesterol esterification rates and overweight were not equal in the sexes. The higher HDL-TC concentration and HDL-TC/DL-TC ratio in women than in men with type IIa might partly explain the lower female morbidity in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7339868 TI - An electrophoretic fraction of urinary glycosaminoglycans reflecting connective tissue turnover. AB - In 97 healthy individuals, including 64 children, the excretion of glycosaminoglycan-derived uronic acid, hydroxyproline and creatinine was determined. In 32 of the individuals the glycosaminoglycans were separated into two electrophoretic fractions. The excretion of both were expressed as uronic acid. One of these fractions correlated with the excretion of hydroxyproline producing a peak of excretion at puberty. Constituting up to 30% the other fraction was excreted independently of hydroxyproline and was rather constant throughout life. Regarded as a fraction without any relation to the ground substance of bone, cartilage, tendons and skin, the independent fraction represented a disturbing factor in the investigation of connective tissue by urinary measurements. Due to the correlation above, glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline showed identical sex-and age-dependent patterns of excretion. Peak excretions were found at puberty, and when expressed as ratios with creatinine, linear decreases during adolescence were the results. The uronic acid/hydroxproline ratio was constant throughout childhood, but increased a little in adults. PMID- 7339869 TI - Purification and characterization of an acid glutathione S-transferase from human lung. AB - An acid glutathione S-transferase (EC: 2.5.1.18) from human lung was purified and characterized. The purification procedure included two isoelectric focusing runs, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, glutathione-affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. With respect to the properties studied the acid lung transferase differed from human liver transferases alpha-epsilon, but it bore a close resemblance to the other human low pI transferases. Bilirubin affected the kinetics of the lung enzyme markedly differently as compared with transferase p, suggesting possible nonidentity between these enzymes. The acid lung transferase represented about 97% of the total glutathione transferase activity of the lung 100,000 g supernatant used in this work. PMID- 7339870 TI - Comparisons of muscle substrate levels, muscle enzyme activities and muscle morphology in arm and leg muscles in normal subjects and in patients operated upon for coarctation of the aorta in childhood. AB - Muscle biopsies from the upper and the lower part of the body (m. deltoideus dx and m. vastus lat dx) were taken in young men, 17-28 years of age, who had been operated upon for coarctation of the aorta in childhood. Significant differences regarding SDH-activity and some muscle substrate levels were found, with higher values in the leg muscle. The same differences were found in ten healthy controls. It is concluded that arm and leg muscle differ in these respects but that the haemodynamic difference remaining after coarctectomy does not seem to influence this situation. PMID- 7339871 TI - The normal healing process of microvascular anastomoses. AB - The vessel wall regeneration and the inflammatory response in the rabbit femoral artery and vein the first three months after microvascular end-to-end suture anastomosis was assessed histologically. The initial damage consisted of endothelial loss and partial necrosis of media and adventitia. The luminal surface was reendothelialized and the adventitial layer restored by 20 days, but the necrotized part of the media did not regenerate. Instead, the vessel wall diameter was maintained by an intimal hyperplastic response. At the anastomotic site a characteristic slight dilatation was persistent. Consequently, the vessel wall architecture was not restored to the preoperative state after microvascular anastomosis. PMID- 7339872 TI - Mechanical properties of Prolene, Ethilion and surgical steel loops. AB - The present work demonstrates that by using computer calculation on load deformation curves it is possible to obtain a good deal of useful information on the mechanical properties of material for suturing. The mechanical properties of Prolene, Ethilon and surgical steel loops were investigated. The testing of the loops was performed on a materials testing machine. The load deformation curves were fed into a calculator by a digitizer (Hewlett-Packard 9830 system). A number of examples are given on the practical importance of the different mechanical parameters. Further the investigation showed that the physical characteristics of the materials in Prolene and Ethilon vary with the size of the threads. PMID- 7339873 TI - Growth of the middle face in experimental early bony fusion of the vomeropremaxillary, vomeromaxillary and mid-palatal sutural system. A roentgencephalometric study in the domestic cat. AB - In 23 domestic cats, 21/2 months of age, the junction between the nasal septum/vomer and the hard palate was extirpated along with the full extent of the mid-palatal suture. Under the cover of undisrupted oral- and nasal mucoperiosteum the resulting osseous defect was then left for healing. In seven animals histology showed that the vomer, the premaxilla and maxilla had formed one continuous osseous entity with no sign of the sutures ordinarily separating these bones. Neither could a septo-premaxillary ligament be found. By cephalometry, the ensuing mid-facial growth in these cats was compared to that of seven unoperated controls which possessed an unobliterated vomero-mid-palatal suture system. The animals were followed until 13 months of age, i.e. till after cessation of general growth. The expansion of the palate appeared, in the operated cats, to be significantly reduced, indicating that growth in the mid-palatal suture is essential for development in the transversal direction. Concerning vertical and antero-posterior mid-facial growth, however, no disparities were found. Consequently it can be deduced that, at least after the early postnatal period, growth in the basal part of the nasal septum/vomer is of no concern for mid facial development in the sagittal plane. PMID- 7339874 TI - Palmaris longus-tenodesis for hyperextension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Hyperextension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint may be congenital or result from an injury to the volar ligamentary system. The usual complaints are local pain, joint instability and weakness of the pinch and grip. The present paper describes a simple method of correcting this instability by using a palmaris longus-tenodesis as a hyperextension checkrein for the joint. PMID- 7339875 TI - Basal cell carcinoma in children. Case report. AB - Clinical and pathoanatomic features of two children with basal cell carcinoma, an extremely uncommon disease in childhood, are reported. Clinically these lesions had a benign appearance, similar to a foreign body granuloma and an intradermal naevus, respectively, but histological examination showed a picture typical of basal cell carcinoma. The tumours were radically treated and no recurrence occurred during an observation time of 12 and 42 months, respectively. PMID- 7339876 TI - Delayed primary closure. Blood-flow in healing rat skin incisions. AB - In an earlier study delayed primary closure (DPC) wounds were shown to develop higher biomechanical strength than primary closure (PC) wounds. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanism, local clearance of 133Xenon and thermography studies were undertaken. A paired comparison design with deposits of 133Xenon injected in the wound margins 3 and 4 days postoperatively, and directly into the wound tissue 10, 20 and 60 days postoperatively was used. Very pronounced differences, with higher blood-flows for DPC wounds, were found in the early measurements. In the later measurements there were significant but less obvious differences. With thermography no differences could be detected. It is concluded that DPC wound have a higher blood-flow, especially in the initial wound healing phase. This supports the hypothesis that an increased blood-flowing during early wound healing is beneficial for the development of mechanical strength in the maturing normal scar. PMID- 7339877 TI - Comparison of the effects of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on granulation tissue development. An experimental study in rat. AB - The effects of systemically administered methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on granulation tissue development were compared using viscose cellulose sponges as wound model in the rat. The ingrown new tissue was analysed for the contents of various connective tissue components. The body weight gain of the animals was affected in both of the corticosteroid-treated groups. Hydrocortisone treatment decreased the contents of collagen, DNA and RNA and inhibited the development of vascularity especially in the initial phase of granulation tissue development. Methylprednisolone treatment decreased the content of collagen throughout the observation time of 3 weeks. It also decreased the content of RNA initially but the content of DNA and the development of vascularity were not affected until after 2 weeks' treatment. These results indicate that both of these corticosteroids affect the cells migrating into the sponge implant in the initial inflammatory phase, hydrocortisone more the number and methylprednisolone more the function of the cells. PMID- 7339878 TI - Determination of wound strength for quantitation of skin damage after pressure ischemia. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - Rabbits skin folds were placed in plexiglass chambers enabling control of the skin fold temperature during cuff compression (200 mmHg) for 4 hours. In 10 animals the skin folds were kept at 36 degrees C - in another 10 animals the skin fold temperature was lowered to 10 degrees C. To quantitate the skin injury caused by the pressure ischemia a standardized wound was made, and immediately closed, after release of pressure. Control wounds were made in normal skin. Seven days later the mechanical strength of the wounds was tested by determination of breaking load. There was no significant difference in breaking load between the wounds made in normal skin and in the skin folds kept at 10 degrees C, whereas the breaking loads was significantly decreased in the wounds made in skin folds kept at 36 degrees C, i.e. normal skin temperature, compared with the controls. Thus, the results show that cooling may preserve the reparative capacity in skin subjected to pressure ischemia. It is assumed that this effect is related to a lowered cell metabolism during the ischemia. It may also be concluded that the pressure (mechanical) injury, being the same in both temperature groups, is less important than the ischemic injury. PMID- 7339879 TI - [Physiology of neuroglia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339880 TI - [Physiological basis and clinical application for impedance cardiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339881 TI - [Ion-sensitivity of arterial baroreceptor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339882 TI - [The metabolic effect of branched-chain amino acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339883 TI - [Physiological adaptation of indigenous high altitude animals to hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339884 TI - [Oxygen toxicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339885 TI - [Physiological effects and application of lower body negative pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339886 TI - [Energy regulation in codon-anticodon interaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339887 TI - [Hematopoietic microenvironment and hematopoietic stem cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339888 TI - [An integrator for recording the unit discharge of different neurons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339889 TI - [Measurement of lateral mobility of cell surface components (FRAP techniques) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7339890 TI - Annual statistical supplement, 1980. PMID- 7339891 TI - SSI program, December 31, 1980. PMID- 7339893 TI - [The influence of pathological bone cavity of the jaw bone on the etiopathology of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 7339892 TI - [Salivary gland tumors. A clinicopathological analysis of 1,494 cases]. PMID- 7339894 TI - [Functional characteristics of lymphocytes and prognosis of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7339895 TI - [Effect of strophanthin on pulmonary hemodynamics during bronchial asthma attack]. PMID- 7339896 TI - [Relations between blood coagulation and the level of salicylemia in patients with recurrent rheumocarditis]. PMID- 7339897 TI - [Pregnancy in Hodgkin's disease patients]. PMID- 7339898 TI - [Noncoronary myocardial diseases]. PMID- 7339899 TI - [Changes of glucocorticoid metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma during barotherapy]. PMID- 7339900 TI - [Genetic approaches to the study of human chronic diseases]. PMID- 7339901 TI - [Myocardium-sensitized lymphocytes in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7339902 TI - [Levamisole in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7339903 TI - [Dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis (case report)]. PMID- 7339904 TI - [Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome as the 1st manifestation of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7339905 TI - [Sclerodermic kidney]. PMID- 7339906 TI - [Clinico-morphological dynamics of chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 7339907 TI - [Pedigree analysis of lipids in Moscow population]. PMID- 7339908 TI - [Immunologic aspects of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7339909 TI - [Relations between natural immunity and functional state of mast cells of the gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7339910 TI - [Myocardial changes in patients with chronic colitis]. PMID- 7339911 TI - [Abdominal variant of drug-induced anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 7339912 TI - [Malignant plasmacytic lymphoma with paraproteinemia G]. PMID- 7339913 TI - [Effect of age on clinical-hematological manifestations of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7339914 TI - [NBT-test in infectious-allergic diseases]. PMID- 7339915 TI - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency with special reference to vasodilator agents]. PMID- 7339916 TI - [Long-term results of vasodilator therapy with prazosin in severe refractory cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7339917 TI - [Acute and chronic treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency with nitrates or prazosin respectively]. PMID- 7339918 TI - [Permanent therapy of chronic cardiac insufficiency with prazosin]. PMID- 7339919 TI - [Daily activities of a company physician at an electrometallurgical plant 1948 1978]. PMID- 7339920 TI - [Where are we and where are we going in the treatment of hypertension?]. PMID- 7339921 TI - [Utilization and capacity of a surgical department]. PMID- 7339922 TI - [Urinary diversion]. PMID- 7339923 TI - [Carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. A review]. PMID- 7339924 TI - [Vaginal reconstruction by the Manchester method]. PMID- 7339925 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis. Clinical and radiologic aspects illustrated by 4 cases from the same family]. PMID- 7339926 TI - [Computer tomography of fatty liver]. PMID- 7339927 TI - [Beta-blocker poisoning]. PMID- 7339928 TI - [A case report of toxic shock syndrome treated in Vefsn hospital]. PMID- 7339929 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis in children]. PMID- 7339930 TI - [Analgesics in acute abdomen. A prospective study of a 1-year material]. PMID- 7339931 TI - [Fatal drug alcohol poisoning investigated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine. University of Oslo, during 1977-1979]. PMID- 7339932 TI - [Infants with birth weight below 1001 grams. A clinical material 1974-1980]. PMID- 7339933 TI - [Serum testosterone level in patients with advanced prostatic cancer during androgen suppressive treatment]. PMID- 7339934 TI - [Hereditary brachial neuritis]. PMID- 7339935 TI - [Herpes simplex encephalitis]. PMID- 7339936 TI - [Toxic lung edema after H2S poisoning. A case report]. PMID- 7339937 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of non-infecting granulomatous inflammation]. PMID- 7339938 TI - [Psychiatry? Experiences with the reflex hammer and stethoscope on psychiatric house calls]. PMID- 7339939 TI - [Treatment of breast cancer in Norwegian hospitals]. PMID- 7339940 TI - [What proportion of environment-induced cancer in Norway can be prevented?]. PMID- 7339941 TI - [The eye bus. A mobile ambulatory eye service for the health service]. PMID- 7339942 TI - [Day hospitalization in psychiatric service. A follow-up study after 1-2 years of treatment]. PMID- 7339943 TI - [Use of medical services in 2 different age groups of patients with cholecystitis or cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7339944 TI - [Splenic cysts]. PMID- 7339945 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of choledochal cysts]. PMID- 7339946 TI - [Blocadren (timolol maleate) in the treatment of migraine. A pilot study]. PMID- 7339947 TI - [Cardiac shock after disopyramide]. PMID- 7339948 TI - [Microcrystallinic theophylline, plasma concentration and adverse effects in patients with obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 7339949 TI - [Intoxication with promethazine as a cause to liver damage]. PMID- 7339950 TI - [Spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7339951 TI - [Utilization of the surgical bed capacity in a regional hospital. A prevalence study from the surgical department, Stokmarknes hospital]. PMID- 7339952 TI - [The choice of antibiotics in septicemia following gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 7339953 TI - [Postoperative renal failure]. PMID- 7339954 TI - [Some clinical, physiopathological and therapeutic aspects of gram-negative septicemia]. PMID- 7339955 TI - [Lowering of intracranial pressure in acute bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 7339956 TI - [Atypical mycobacteria as a problem in school services]. PMID- 7339957 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery in drug-dependent women. Experiences from obstetrical clinic at the Ulleval hospital, 1975-1980]. PMID- 7339958 TI - [Newborns of drug addicted women. A follow-up studies]. PMID- 7339959 TI - [Spread of intraabdominal effusions and computer tomography in diagnosis of abdominal abscesses]. PMID- 7339960 TI - [Endoscopically guided percutaneous gastrostomy]. PMID- 7339961 TI - [Subphrenic abscess]. PMID- 7339962 TI - [Treatment of humeral fractures with and without injury to the radial nerve. A follow-up study]. PMID- 7339963 TI - [Evaluation of psychiatric health services in a geographically defined region. Problems, experiences and results from a collaboration project in WHO]. PMID- 7339964 TI - [Esophageal perforation]. PMID- 7339965 TI - [Sigmoid cancer with invagination to rectum]. PMID- 7339966 TI - [Neurologic manifestations caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 7339967 TI - [File and registration systems in a gastroenterological laboratory]. PMID- 7339968 TI - [Aids for self determination of blood sugar]. PMID- 7339969 TI - [Length of stay among surgical patients]. PMID- 7339970 TI - [Physiological pacing. A year's material from medical department, central hospital in Rogaland]. PMID- 7339971 TI - [Atrial electrodes for permanent pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7339972 TI - [Acute torsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7339973 TI - [Bilateral testicular tumors]. PMID- 7339974 TI - [Benign masseteric muscle hypertrophy]. PMID- 7339975 TI - [Ankle fractures. An operative material]. PMID- 7339976 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobins - a new aid in the control of diabetes? Experiences from a county hospital]. PMID- 7339977 TI - [Blood pressure in aluminum plant workers employed in high and in normal temperature sections in Ardal]. PMID- 7339979 TI - [The utilization of the resources of the hospitals]. PMID- 7339978 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis. A clinical report]. PMID- 7339980 TI - [Smoking as a risk factor for different cancer forms among 26,000 Norwegian men and women. A comparison of a material of smokers from the Norwegian Cancer Registry]. PMID- 7339981 TI - [Treatment of advanced cancer of the lip]. PMID- 7339984 TI - [Hepaticojejunostomy in postoperative biliary strictures]. PMID- 7339983 TI - [Acute adhesive ileus]. PMID- 7339982 TI - [Acute ileus. A 5 year analysis of a material]. PMID- 7339985 TI - [Syncope. A year's material from an general medical department]. PMID- 7339986 TI - [Posttraumatic aneurysms of the left heart ventricle]. PMID- 7339987 TI - [Intracavitary heart tumor identified by computer tomography]. PMID- 7339988 TI - [Shoulder arthrography in rupture of supraspinatus tendon]. PMID- 7339989 TI - [Physostigmine as antidote in acute self poisoning with psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 7339990 TI - [Amoxicillin (Imacillin) induced exanthema. What happens during the continued use?]. PMID- 7339992 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of public health procedures]. PMID- 7339991 TI - [Puncture cytology in diagnosis of mammary tumor]. PMID- 7339993 TI - Effects of colonic ligation on the carcinogenesis by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in Balb/C mice. PMID- 7339994 TI - An analysis of bone tumor collagens. PMID- 7339995 TI - The effect of subendocardial systolic pressure on the ascending aortic blood flow and the left coronary blood flow during an overdose of isoproterenol in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7339996 TI - Ultrastructural observation of cell surface in hyperplasia and carcinoma of urinary bladder in mice. PMID- 7339997 TI - Vigilance level after forced arousal from different sleep phases in rats. PMID- 7339998 TI - Studies of electrosleep on normal adults, insomniacs, and hypertensive patients. PMID- 7339999 TI - A new device for selective hysterography and its application to diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7340000 TI - Congenital biliary dilatation in Japan. Cooperative study. PMID- 7340001 TI - Clinical significance of the K cell measurement in gastric cancer patients. PMID- 7340002 TI - [Determination of low levels of diethylcarbamoyl chloride in air. First results after inhalation in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340003 TI - Studies on the influence of fluoride compounds upon connective tissue metabolism in growing rats. I. Effect of hydrofluoride on collagen metabolism. AB - Female rats were exposed to hydroxyfluoride (2.7 mg/m3 or 5.0 mg/m3) seven weeks before pregnancy during pregnancy and lactation as well as subsequently with the offsprings up to 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after birth. The offspring was taken for investigations. It was found that serum hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine was elevated in growing rats exposed to hydrofluoride. The elevation was higher in animals inspired to 5.0 mg/m3 than in rats treated with 2.7 mg/m3. One- and two months old rats were shown to be more suitable to hydrofluoride. Similar changes were observed in urinary excretion of these compounds. Changes in collagen content were found in skin and lungs. A marked decrease total collagen content and changes in collagen fractions were shown. PMID- 7340004 TI - [Mercury and methylmercury pollution of fishery products. Toxicological effects on human health (author's transl)]. AB - Since the japanese mass poisoning in 1954's, classically named today "Minamata disease", mercury and its derivatives occupy a place of choice into the most worrying chemical pollutants for the human health and a lot of studies about the pathways by which mercury enters in its biogeochemical cycle or the environmental mercury levels are resumed in this paper. The most important aspects of mercury ecotoxicology are reviewed here: biological methylation reaction, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of these toxics in te aquatic ecosystems. The authors also describe the mercury and methylmercury metabolism and the symptomatology of the methylmercurial poisoning; with emphasis that infraclinic chronical manifestations, or large epidemiological interest, are not well known. It should be necessary to found a sensitive biochemical test, specific of this intoxication. The studies about the initial body burden assessment or the threshold values of mercury in easily obtainable specimens (blood hair) are only available for a statistical distribution. At individual levels, a number of factors occur, particularly the presence of selenium who should act as a biological antagonist of methylmercury. PMID- 7340005 TI - Ethanol preference as a function of genotypic levels of whole brain enkephalin in mice. PMID- 7340006 TI - Considerations on the epidemiology of the Seveso accident. PMID- 7340007 TI - Metallothionein excretion in urine upon cadmium exposure: its relationship with liver and kidney cadmium. AB - The relationships between quantities of accumulated cadmium in the liver and kidney and those of metallothionein in urine was studied in occupationally exposed workers and experimentally exposed rats. Cadmium-exposed workers who had been employed at a cadmium production plant for periods of 8-29 years had significantly higher levels of cadmium in both liver and kidney and excreted significantly larger amounts of metallothionein in urine when compared with workers who had been employed for less than 1 year, with office workers at the plant or with control subjects having no known occupational exposure to cadmium. The excretion of metallothionein in urine of the cadmium-exposed workers appeared to be related to the levels of cadmium in both liver and kidney. A similar dose effect relationship was also observed among rats given repeated subcutaneous injections of 5 mumol CdCl2/kg. However, in the rats the metallothionein excretion increased markedly when the liver and renal cortex Cd levels exceeded approximately 300 microgram/g and 200 microgram/g, respectively. It appears tht urinary metallothionein may be a useful biological indicator of liver and kidney cadmium levels. PMID- 7340008 TI - Potentiation by triorthotolyl phosphate of acrylate ester-induced alterations in respiration. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether triorthotolyl phosphate (TOTP), an inhibitor of carboxylesterases, would enhance the inhibitory effects of acrylate esters on respiration. Respiratory frequency was measured and the calculated decreases in respiratory frequency were used as an index of respiratory irritancy due to acrylate compounds. Tidal volume, minute ventilation, and rectal temperature were also measured. Dose-dependent decreases in frequency were found in rats inhaling methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Tidal volume was also reduced in rats exposed to acrylate compounds and, as a result, the percentage change in minute ventilation was greater than the percentage change in frequency or tidal volume alone. Pretreatment with TOTP (125 mg/kg) enhanced the decreases in frequency and minute ventilation caused by acrylate esters but not those resulting from exposure to acrylic acid. Exposure to ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid also resulted in dose-dependent reductions in rectal temperature. TOTP potentiated ethyl acrylate-induced decreases in rectal temperature but not those caused by acrylic acid. The results suggest that inhibition of carboxylesterases can result in enhanced irritant action of acrylate esters on the upper respiratory tract, and provide support for a local role of carboxylesterases in the detoxification of these irritant esters. PMID- 7340009 TI - The induction of rat lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by diluted smoke from commercial cigarettes. AB - Induction of pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) by cigarette smoke in small rodents is well established. However, studies on dose-response relationships particularly at the lower ends of such relationships are few indeed. Availability of the British-American Tobacco Co. (B.-A.T.)-Mason inhalation system, in which precisely-calibrated dilutions of cigarette smoke can be released into an inhalation chamber, enables excellent dose-response relationships to be established. Using this inhalation system and cigarettes delivering tar (total particulate matter, water and nicotine free) equal to 1, 4 and 20 mg/cigarette, it has been shown that induction of AHH in male Sprague Dawley rat lung is an extremely sensitive system to inhaled cigarette smoke. AHH induction was observed at a 200-s exposure to 40 puffs of a 1 : 5 dilution of smoke from an ultramild cigarette delivering 1 mg tar. At this low concentration, it is not even possible to accurately weight the TPM from diluted smoke in the exposure chamber. This extremely sensitive rat pulmonary enzyme system may prove valuable in the biological testing of modern low tar cigarettes. PMID- 7340010 TI - Response of a human tumour cell line to chronic potassium dichromate exposure. AB - Cultures of the human cell line NHIK 3025 were exposed over an 18-month period to 0.5 mumol/1 potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) containing 1 mumol/1 hexavalent chromium. The chronically exposed cells increased their tolerance to K2Cr2O7 in comparison to control populations. The doubling time of the chronically exposed cell populations increased even in the absence of K2Cr2O7, but they did not change their morphology (light level), nor contain as many giant cells as newly exposed control populations. Cells returned to control medium for 6 months after 12-months exposure to K2Cr2O7 showed a gradual but incomplete reversal of these effects. The results are compared with those obtained from cells of non-tumour origin. PMID- 7340011 TI - Negative results of carcinogenicity bioassay of methyl carbazate in rats: significance for the toxicological evaluation of carbadox. AB - Methyl carbazate, a metabolite of carbadox in the rat, was administered orally to rats for 2 years. The compound was mixed in the diet at concentrations corresponding to dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg body wt/day. There was no evidence of any treatment-related toxicity or, in particular, of carcinogenicity. PMID- 7340012 TI - Elimination, distribution and metabolism of di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) in rats. AB - The excretion, retention, distribution and metabolism of di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) have been studied in the rat. After oral administration of [14C]DEHA, almost all the dose was excreted within 48 h, predominantly in the urine and as respiratory carbon dioxide. The faecal excretion was low. There was no evidence of the accumulation of radioactivity in any organs or tissues. Adipic acid (AA) was found to be the main urinary metabolite; it was also detected in the digestive tract, blood and liver. In vitro, DEHA was hydrolyzed at a significant rate by tissue preparations prepared from liver, pancreas and small intestine of the rat. These results suggest that orally administered DEHA is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body to form AA without any accumulation of mono-(2 ethylhexyl)adipate (MEHA). PMID- 7340013 TI - Assessment of the teratogenic potential of acrolein and cyclophosphamide in a rat embryo culture system. AB - Rat conceptuses were explanted from the uterus on day 10.5 of gestation. The embryos within the yolk-sacs were then transferred to culture bottles containing pure male rat serum either with or without liver microsomes and NADPH. Acrolein (AC), present worldwide in the environment and one of the intermediate metabolites of cyclophosphamide (CPA), was added to these culture mediums. The conceptuses were grown for a period of 48 h after which the morphological features and their degree of differentiation were examined and the DNA and protein contents determined. The effects produced by AC were compared with those obtained by CPA treatment, using the same culture conditions. AC treated embryos and yolk-sacs showed slight but statistically significant inhibition of growth at concentrations of 100 microM and 150 microM. Higher dose levels (200 microM and 250 microM) resulted in a drastic inhibition of growth and differentiation. However, no gross structural defects were observed at the dose-levels used. In contrast, conceptuses cultivated in the presence of CPA (350 microM), liver microsomes and NADPH showed characteristic morphologic lesions. Our findings indicate that AC is lethal to embryos within a narrow dose-range, but has no teratogenic potential. Therefore, AC is not the metabolite which is responsible for the teratogenic effects observed after CPA treatment in vivo. The results also demonstrate that the postimplantation embryo culture system can discriminate between embryolethal and teratogenic effects and that whole embryos in culture can respond to teratogens in a manner similar to embryos exposed in vivo. PMID- 7340014 TI - The role of hepatic microsomal enzymes in the modulation of phencyclidine-induced toxicity. AB - The LD50 of phencyclidine (PCP, 234 mumol/kg, i.p.) in male Swiss mice decreased by 62% in animals pretreated with 2-diethylamino-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF-525A, 40 mg/kg), and increased by 74% and 20% in animals pretreated with sodium phenobarbital (75 mg/kg), and 3-methylcholanthrene (70 mg/kg), respectively, No Significant change in the LD50 was observed with cysteine or diethylmaleate pretreatment. The treatment with PCP at 179 mumol/kg/day i.p. for 7 days resulted in body weight decrement in the first 2 days and gradual increment thereafter. The increase was only 33% of the control group. The food intake was also lower in the PCP treated group of animals. PCP withdrawal led to an increase in food intake as well as body weight at a normal rate. The ratio of liver weight to body weight was not significantly higher than that of control during the treatment period. The administration of PCP for 7 days did not alter the activities of liver function enzyme markers. However, within 12 h of the initial PCP treatment a 85% increase in activity of serum glutamicoxalacetic transaminase was observed. Later the enzyme activity reached close to normal levels. No liver lesions at the light microscopic level were observed. Treatment of mice for 4 days with PCP (179 mumol/kg) caused no significant change in pentobarbital sleeping time. PMID- 7340015 TI - Dietary deprivation induces fetal loss and abortion in rabbits. AB - We assessed the effects of a pared diet (20, 60 or 150 g/day for days 6-20 after coitus) on the course of pregnancy in rabbits. Dams receiving 20 g/day manifested a marked weight loss, 5 of 6 animals aborted and in the remaining dam, the litter size, fetal and placental weight were significantly lower than in the controls. In the 60 g/day group, the maternal body weight remained stable throughout the observation period; the number of dead embryos on fetuses was significantly higher, that of liver fetuses lower, than in he controls. Feedings on the 150 g/day group did not markedly differ from the controls, indicating that pregnant rabbits require at least 150 g of food/day. PMID- 7340016 TI - Differential effect of aminoglycoside treatment on glomerular filtration and renal reabsorption of lysozyme in rats. AB - The aminoglycosides gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin were each administered (30 mg/kg/day) to male Wistar rats for 21 days. At 7, 14 and 21 days rats were anesthetized and renal clearances of inulin and egg-white lysozyme were quantified. Plasma concentration of lysozyme varied between 20 and 120 mg/liter in control and aminoglycoside treated rats. Inulin clearance (GFR) averaged 0.96 ml/min/kidney in control rats. Whereas GFR decreased to an average value of 0.47 ml/min/kidney in gentamicin treated rats, GFR did not fall in tobramycin treated rats, averaging 0.97 ml/min/kidney over the entire treatment period. In netilmicin rats GFR declined to 0.53 ml/min/kidney after 7 days of treatment and then increased to 0.78 ml/min/kidney after 14 days and 21 days of treatment. Reabsorption of lysozyme averaged about 94% of the filtered load in control rats. Reabsorption of lysozyme decreased in gentamicin treated rats to about 58% after 7 days and 14 days of treatment and increased to 79% after 21 days of treatment. After tobramycin reabsorption of lysozyme decreased to about 67% after 7 days of treatment and increased to 85% after 14 days and 21 days of treatment. Reabsorption of lysozyme remained unchanged when compared to controls over the entire treatment period in netilmicin treated rats. Thus, gentamicin reduced both GFR and renal reabsorption of lysozyme. Netilmicin reduced GFR somewhat without altering lysozyme reabsorption whereas tobramycin compromised lysozyme reabsorption without altering GFR. These differences might suggest differences in site(s) of action of various aminoglycosides. PMID- 7340017 TI - Improved ultrastructural detail in tissues fixed with potassium permanganate. AB - An improved method has been developed for fixation with potassium permanganate. Although this is one of the methods widely used to preserve the dense cores of adrenergic storage vesicles, fixation of other tissue components is usually poor. The main differences from previously reported methods using potassium permanganate are the use of a physiological saline as the vehicle for all solutions, and, following this, very rapid dehydration before infiltration with plastic. Cellular and intercellular details of tissue ultrastructure may, in general, be evaluated as satisfactorily as with conventional fixatives, with the exception of certain protein elements associated with ribosome, microtubule, and myofilament organization. Nerve endings with agranular or clear vesicles may be distinguished from adrenergic endings since the dense cores of the vesicles of the latter are preserved by this method. PMID- 7340018 TI - Image enhancement for light microscopy. AB - Digitized light microscope images of low contrast histological samples were processed through image enhancement computer techniques. Original digital data and their square root transformations were linearly expanded to produce a wider range of brightness levels in the enhanced images. These treatments resulted in significantly improved images compared to those obtained by direct photomicrography. PMID- 7340019 TI - [Disturbances in surgical wound drains--principles and means of correction (author's transl)]. AB - Hydrodynamic studies of surgical drains are done in abundant quantities of isotropic liquids. In order to emulate the environment within the surgical wound one has to use a changeable or inhomogenous system. Consideration has to be given to the consistency and amount of wound secretion as well as to the size and shape of the wound itself. These specifications are almost fully met by the spiral drain. Additional advantages are gained through the small diameter and exact construction of the spiral drain. Clinical use of the drain in about 3.800 cases did not show and disadvantages in comparison to other widely used drains. No complications were observed. The painlessness during manipulation of the drain was acknowledged by all patients, especially those who had previous experience with perforated drains. PMID- 7340020 TI - [Technique of the alloplastic ligament substitution with carbon fibres (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic instabilities or remaining luxations of joints are not acceptable for an active human being. The desired result is often not achieved by surgical methods applying most different autologous and homologous materials. This is why our working group has been trying for several years to develop a more promising method using an alloplastic material in the form of carbon ligaments. Numerous mechanical, biological, biomechanical, and histological examinations showed that the implantation of woven carbon ligaments in man could be accepted. During the most recent years, we have effected 150 ligament grafts with this material and, in course of time, we have been able to modify and to ameliorate the operation techniques. Today we may state that the described operation methods using ligaments of carbon fibres in the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, knee and ankle joint can bring about favorable results with regard to their function and stability. Further improvements can probably be achieved by a careful examination of the results obtained hitherto which will possibly include another refinement of the operation technique. A definite evaluation of this method, however, will only be possible within several years, when clinical check-up examinations will be made. PMID- 7340021 TI - [Invasive and non-invasive radiologic diagnosis of talofibular ligament lesions (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on 413 patients having experienced a supination trauma. All these patients were submitted to radiography according to the technics of Bohler. Arthrographies of the ankle joint were additionally effected in 105 patients because of indistinct findings of the Bohler radiographs. The arthrography of the ankle joint proves to be an examination method bearing few risks and producing most reliable results provided that it is executed within 24 hours after the traumatic incident. The findings of arthrography of the ankle joint are presented and discussed. PMID- 7340022 TI - [Indication for surgical treatment of recent fibular ligament lesions. Comparative study after surgical and conservative therapy]. AB - Results of clinical and or radiological follow-up examination of 134 patients with recent rupture of the lateral ankle ligaments are analysed. 69 cases have been treated conservatively, 65 cases by surgery. With regard to the findings at the first examination after the trauma conclusions are drawn concerning the indication for surgery. Operative findings and results of the treatment show conclusively that surgery is indicated when the opening of the injured ankle joint at strain is 10 degrees or more when compared with the intact side. PMID- 7340023 TI - [Transplantation of nervus peroneus by microsurgery (author's transl)]. AB - From 1969-1977 at the Erlangen University Surgical Clinic 15 transplantations of the nervus peroneus were performed. 10 patients could be followed up within a time of 2-5 years after operation. As to the sensibility in most cases only protective sensibility could be achieved; as to the motor function the results were likewise poorer than in the upper limb. Beside our own results those of other authors were reported. Possible causes of the relatively bad prognosis of the Nervus peroneus were shown. PMID- 7340024 TI - Angiomyolipoma (hamartoma) of the kidney: a preoperative diagnosis is possible in virtually every case. AB - The preoperative diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma should be made in virtually every case because of characteristic clinical and radiologic findings. The clinical, sonographic, computed tomographic, and angiographic findings in 28 patients with this lesion are reviewed. The sonographic findings of increased echogenicity in a renal mass can be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma, and the detection of fat in the renal tumor by CT is diagnostic. It is important to make a preoperative diagnosis of this lesion so that the correct treatment approach will be instituted. PMID- 7340025 TI - Small renal carcinoma with large retroperitoneal hemorrhage: diagnostic considerations. AB - Two cases of small peripheral papillary renal carcinoma causing large spontaneous perirenal hemorrhages are presented. The value and limitations of computerized tomography, ultrasonography, arteriography, and percutaneous aspiration biopsy in these cases are discussed. The need for careful explorative surgery and dissection of the specimen is emphasized. Excretory urography should be the first examination in all patients with renal pain and signs of internal bleeding. Arteriography should be done when the diagnosis is not evident. PMID- 7340026 TI - Radiology of urinary undiversion. AB - Many patients with urinary diversions are now considered candidates for "undiversion". Radiographic evaluation prior to undiversion of the urinary tract includes cystography to determine bladder capacity and sensation, urinary continence, and the presence of reflux. Urography, loopography, and/or ureterography (antegrade and/or retrograde) are necessary to completely visualize the remaining urinary structures. Surgical techniques involved in the reconstruction are briefly discussed to facilitate an understanding of the often unusual radiographic appearance of the undiverted urinary tract. Stentograms and cystography are recommended for early postoperative evaluation to exclude urinary leakage or significant obstruction. Percutaneous ureteral perfusion studies are often useful in the long-term follow-up of these patients. PMID- 7340027 TI - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy under continuous real-time ultrasound guidance. AB - Fifty-five percutaneous nephrostomies in 40 patients under ultrasound guidance are reported. Twenty-six procedures were performed using a compound scanner and 29 were performed under real-time guidance. Fifty of the 55 procedures were successful. The puncture modalities of both techniques are compared and it was concluded that only real-time guidance permits the continuous two-dimensional visual control of the procedure. It is, therefore, the safer and more precise technique for establishing a percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 7340028 TI - Arteriographic management of traumatic arteriocalyceal fistula. PMID- 7340029 TI - Computed tomographic findings in a case of renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Renal vein thrombosis is a complication of the nephrotic syndrome presumably related to compression of renal veins by edematous parenchyma and a concomitant hypercoagulable state. The diagnosis has been made by demonstrating marked widening of the left renal vein as it crosses horizontally anterior to the aorta on computed tomography. Inferior venacavography confirmed the presence of thrombosis within the vessels. CT is suggested as a method for noninvasive imaging of the renal veins which might eliminate the need for venography. PMID- 7340030 TI - Primary megaureter in a mother and daughter. PMID- 7340031 TI - A six-year-old girl with Turner's syndrome and proteinuria. AB - A 6-year-old girl with Turner's syndrome presented with recent onset of proteinuria and pedal edema. There was no history of arthritis, fever, or abdominal pain. A physical examination revealed the stigmata of Turner's syndrome, hepatomegaly, and pedal edema. The urine contained 4+ protein without red blood cells or casts, and the BUN and creatinine were mildly elevated. The serum lipids were normal. An excretory urogram showed bilaterally enlarged, smooth kidneys without calyceal distortion. Because the proteinuria failed to respond after 1 month of steroid therapy, a diagnostic procedure was performed. PMID- 7340032 TI - [Chronic subdural hematomas in the newborn]. PMID- 7340033 TI - [Chylothorax in a newborn]. PMID- 7340034 TI - [Hiatal hernia in a premature infant]. PMID- 7340035 TI - [Perforation of the terminal region of the ileum by foreign body in a 1-year-10 month old infant]. PMID- 7340036 TI - [Progressive epifascial phlegmon]. PMID- 7340037 TI - [Prevention of mediastinitis after median sternotomy]. PMID- 7340038 TI - [Vagotomy and gastrectomy in treatment of complicated gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7340039 TI - [Causes of unreliability of parietal pH-metry of the stomach as the method of intraoperative monitoring of completeness of vagotomy]. PMID- 7340040 TI - [Role of morphological dissociation reaction of coagulated blood in the differential diagnosis of jaundice of different etiology]. PMID- 7340041 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of cancer of extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7340042 TI - [Clinical and experimental study of thromboembolism of the portal vein during acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7340044 TI - [Surgical treatment of bladder neck obstruction caused by schistosomiasis]. PMID- 7340043 TI - [Clinical use of thymalin in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region]. PMID- 7340045 TI - [Comparative characteristics of isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase of the skin in healthy controls and in patients with post-thrombotic and varicose diseases of legs]. PMID- 7340046 TI - [Hemodynamic aspects of chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremities]. PMID- 7340047 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with nonorgan pelvic tumors]. PMID- 7340048 TI - [Osteomyelitis of I and II cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 7340049 TI - [Necrosis of sclerosed lesser curvature of the stomach after proximal selective vagotomy]. PMID- 7340050 TI - [Angioleiomyoma of lesser omentum stimulating liver echinococcosis]. PMID- 7340051 TI - [Successful resection of extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder and liver in cancer]. PMID- 7340052 TI - [True pancreatic cyst]. PMID- 7340053 TI - [Benign nonepithelial tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 7340054 TI - [Combined surgery in prolapse of the large intestine, vagina, and uterus]. PMID- 7340055 TI - [Multichamber cyst of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7340056 TI - [Cross femoro-femoral shunting during erosive hemorrhage from the iliac artery]. PMID- 7340057 TI - [Successful use of Ilizarov's apparatus for treatment of hip deformity associated with chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7340058 TI - [Cardiac tamponade in children with acute pericarditis]. PMID- 7340059 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in infants under 1 year of age]. PMID- 7340060 TI - Arthroscopy of the canine stifle joint. AB - An arthroscopic examination of 59 canine stifle joints, both normal and diseased, was carried out. Endoscopically the stifle joint was divided into five main anatomical compartments - the suprapatellar pouch, femoropatellar joint, medical compartment, intercondylar notch and the lateral compartment. It was possible to identify all the intra-articular structures using a single infrapatellar approach and the technique allowed an assessment of the non-osseous structures of the joint. Pathological changes were appreciated. eg, hypertrophy of the synovial membrane, articular cartilage fibrillation and erosion, meniscal degeneration and osteophyte development. The arthroscopy and biopsy forceps allowed synovial membrane biopsies to be taken under direct vision. Arthroscopy is likely to become a useful aid to the diagnosis and assessment of joint disease in the veterinary patient but it is a technique which requires patience and practice before it can be used proficiently. PMID- 7340061 TI - Epizootology of Newcastle disease in Indian house crows. AB - During an investigation into the role of Indian house crows (Corvus splendens splendens) in the epizootology of Newcastle disease, a total of 164 samples from 82 crows were examined. Fifteen isolations of Newcastle diseases virus were made from 10 birds and one of these was highly pathogenic to chicken. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests showed that 38 per cent of these crows possessed antibody to Newcastle disease virus. Initiation and duration of virus excretion and development of HI antibodies were also studied by experimental infection. Virus excretion began on day 3, continued till day 5 and complete elimination occurred by day 6. HI antibody titre began to rise from the seventh day to peak by the twenty-first day and declined thereafter. PMID- 7340062 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats from the London area. AB - The prevalence of intestinal parasites in domestic cats from the London area was surveyed over an 18-month period by microscopic examination of faecal samples. Of the 947 cats examined 11.5 per cent were infected with Toxocara cati, 1.9 per cent with Isospora felis, 1.2 per cent with Dipylidium caninum, 1.2 per cent with Taenia taeniaeformis, 0.8 per cent with I rivolta and 0.2 per cent with Toxascaris leonina. PMID- 7340063 TI - Corynebacterium renale pyelonephritis and cystitis in a sheep. PMID- 7340064 TI - Hypomagnesaemia in cows. PMID- 7340065 TI - Mycoplasma synoviae infection in replacement pullets. PMID- 7340066 TI - Newcastle disease ban. PMID- 7340067 TI - Lung worms in dogs. PMID- 7340069 TI - Selective medium for the isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. PMID- 7340068 TI - Abortion in vaccinated sheep and cattle after challenge with Rift Valley fever virus. PMID- 7340070 TI - Steatitis in fattening pigs. PMID- 7340071 TI - Successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest in a cow. PMID- 7340072 TI - Chilblain syndrome in dogs. PMID- 7340073 TI - Reproductive wastage following artificial insemination of heifers. AB - Hereford cross beef heifers at pasture were inseminated at a detected oestrus with thawed semen and were slaughtered at the following intervals after insemination: day 3 (60 heifers); day 8 (71); day 14 (65); day 18 (78) and day 28 (29). The recovery rates of ova at days 3 and 8 were 87 and 77 per cent respectively. The percentage of heifers that were pregnant at the respective time intervals after slaughter were 81, 84, 75, 60 and 62. There was no difference in the proportion of normally developing ova or embryos between days 3 and 8, 8 and 14, 14 and 18 or 18 and 28. There were significant differences in the number of animals with variable embryos between days 3 and days 18 + 28 (P less than 0.025); 8 and 18 + 28 (P less than 0.01); and 14 and 18 + 28 (P less than 0.05). Based on the results and other data in the literature, fertilisation failure can account for up to 20 per cent of reproductive wastage. Embryonic mortality accounts for most of the remaining wastage and occurs gradually between days 8 and 18. Pregnancy rates at days 18 and 28 approximate to calving data. PMID- 7340075 TI - Corneal mummification in colourpoint cats. PMID- 7340074 TI - Seasonal infertility in pigs. AB - A retrospective study of a seasonal infertility problem in a large intensive piggery showed that during the periods of infertility there was a significant increase in the numbers of sows returning to oestrus in the periods 22 to 37 and 44 to 53 days after mating. A prospective study showed that the majority of sows affected by the seasonal infertility problem returned to oestrus during the fourth of fifth week after mating. However, some sows did not exhibit a normal behavioural oestrus at this time and so the oestrus was undetected until and sow completed another oestrous cycle accounting for the second period of increased returns at 44 to 53 days. Some sows failed to exhibit behavioural evidence of oestrus at this second to exhibit behavioural evidence of oestrus at this second oestrus and so had very prolonged mating to detectable oestrus intervals. PMID- 7340076 TI - Rat bait poisoning. PMID- 7340077 TI - High sialic acid content of camels' erythrocytes. PMID- 7340079 TI - Congenital intermandibular cyst in a calf. PMID- 7340078 TI - Use of live and oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines on day-old broilers: report on two trials. AB - Two trials were carried out using broilers to test the effectiveness of concurrent live and oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines at day-old. The first trial compared this system, using a Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccine formulated for adult birds, with the conventional programme of live vaccine only. The second trial used an oil emulsion vaccine specially formulated for a day-old dose fo 0.1 ml. It also examined the effect of an additional dose of live vaccine at 14 days old. The results show that birds were as well protected and grew at least as well when vaccinated at one day old and that the special low-dose oil emulsion gave as good protection against Newcastle disease as the higher dose vaccine. The additional live vaccine treatment in the second trial did not appear to increase the beneficial effects. PMID- 7340080 TI - Measurement of antibody to Dermatophilus congolensis in sera from cattle in the west of Scotland by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Serum antibody titres to Dermatophilus congolensis demonstrated by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in young steers and in adult cows from an Ayrshire herd showed a bimodal distribution and provided evidence of subclinical infection. Very high titres detected in sera from crossbred Galloway steers were indicative of recent or existing infection which may have been masked by concurrent ringworm. The ELISA is a sensitive and technically simple method which enables sera to be screened for evidence of infection by D congolensis which may otherwise pass unrecognised. Such infections may be of importance not only in the epidemiology of the disease in farm animals but also as a potential source of infection for man and his domestic pets. PMID- 7340081 TI - Survey into the control of bovine ostertagiasis. PMID- 7340083 TI - How I learned to live with the computer. PMID- 7340082 TI - Rupture of the digital flexor tendons of chickens after infection with Mycoplasma iowae. PMID- 7340084 TI - Susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis of N'Dama and Zebu cattle in an area of Glossina morsitans submorsitans challenge. AB - The use of trypanotolerant livestock is considered to be an important strategy for the control of African animal trypanosomiasis. In order to define the extent of the differences in susceptibility and productivity, 10 Zebu cows (a breed considered trypanosusceptible) and 10 N'Dama cows (a breed recognised for trypanotolerance) were exposed to a natural field challenge from Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead. The animals were two-and-a-half to three years old and had not been previously exposed to trypanosomiasis. All Zebu died of trypanosomiasis within eight months of first exposure. In contrast, only three N'Dama died of trypanosomiasis; they had all been suckling calves before they succumbed 11 to 14 months after initial exposure. The prevalence, level and duration of parasitaemia were significantly less in the N'Dama, which, unlike the Zebu, did not become febrile during parasitaemia. The differences in parasitaemia were largely attributable to Trypanosoma vivax. The N'Dama also developed much less severe anaemia than the Zebu. The mean and standard deviation of the packed red cell volume of the N'Dama was not significantly different between eight months after exposure when all Zebu were dead, and 21 months when the experiment was terminated. The relative productivity of the N'Dama was impressive. In addition to reduced mortality, the N'Dama experienced no abortions and produced five calves, three of which were alive at the end of the experiment, at which time three of the surviving N'Dama were pregnant. In the Zebu, in marked contrast, abortions occurred both in early and late pregnancy and no live calves were produced. The study confirmed that N'Dama cattle are innately less susceptible to trypanosomiasis than Zebu cattle and can survive and be productive in endemic areas of trypanosomiasis where Zebu perish. PMID- 7340085 TI - Veterinary education in Norway. PMID- 7340086 TI - Effect of diluent volumes on the serological efficacy of intranasal bovine herpesvirus 1 strain RLB 106 ts in controlling infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. PMID- 7340087 TI - Campylobacter fetus subspecies intestinalis in Syria. PMID- 7340088 TI - Dermoid cysts in dogs. PMID- 7340089 TI - Rat bait poisoning. PMID- 7340090 TI - Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the milk of a cow with Johne's disease. PMID- 7340091 TI - High-fever syndrome in pigs. PMID- 7340092 TI - Microbiological findings in dogs with diarrhoea. PMID- 7340093 TI - Diabetes mellitus in cattle. PMID- 7340094 TI - Isolation of influenza viruses from rock partridges in Israel. PMID- 7340096 TI - Computer systems in veterinary medicine. 4: Programming the machines. PMID- 7340095 TI - Monensin--tiamulin interactions in pigs. PMID- 7340097 TI - Chronic copper poisoning in growing pigs. PMID- 7340098 TI - A long-term serological study of a flock of chickens naturally infected with Salmonella pullorum. AB - The serological reactions of a group of chickens naturally infected with Salmonella pullorum were observed for one year. The conventional whole blood test, rapid slide test and tube agglutination test were used in the study and compared with the microagglutination and microantiglobulin tests. Results of the whole blood rapid slide and tube agglutination tests were as consistent as those produced with the microagglutination and microantiglobulin tests in detecting one third of the birds as reactors. However, for the detection of antibody to S pullorum among the remaining birds, the microantiglobulin test proved to be significantly more consistently positive than all the other tests, the results of which fluctuated widely. The potential value of the microantiglobulin test for the eradication of S pullorum in cases of persistent infection is discussed. PMID- 7340099 TI - Seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in sheep. AB - Seasonal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were followed in pregnant and non pregnant sheep kept indoors or at pasture. In housed sheep circulating levels depended on starting value, dietary intake and requirements. thus, in wethers given hay values declined steadily; in non-pregnant ewes on the standard diet values were constant; and in pregnant ewes given hay and nuts values were minimal at lambing. In sheep at pasture seasonal changes were aggravated by those changes due to pregnancy so that the lowest values were always observed at or near parturition. PMID- 7340100 TI - Rabies in Svalbard: infection diagnosed in arctic fox, reindeer and seal. PMID- 7340101 TI - Treating lead poisoned swans. PMID- 7340102 TI - [Serological response and resistance to Newcastle disease in vaccinated poultry]. AB - Studies was the titer of antihemagglutinins of a total of 3263 serum samples taken from birds routinely vaccinated against Newcastle disease, originating from various poultry farms of the country. Chosen were 139 birds in which a weak serologic response was established through spray, aerosol, and injectable live vaccines (strain La Sota, Komarov). These birds were challenged by intramuscular application of 10(6) ELD50/bird of a velogenic viscerotropic virus of ND. High specific resistance was established in the various groups of birds regardless of the low level of serum antihemagglutinins. In all such cases individual birds of the flock responded after vaccination with a high titer of serum antibodies, so the application of an active vaccine was indicated. PMID- 7340103 TI - [Properties of local velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in poultry]. AB - Studies were carried out on four strains of the Newcastle disease virus, isolated in Bulgaria and referred, as typed by the routinely used methods, to the velogenic group. The strains proved to be hemagglutinin - thermostable. Two of the local virus strains (Rosa and Toutrakan) belonged to the velogenic neurotropic pathogenic type, and two (Bregovo and Haskovo) - to the velogenic - viscerotropic pathogenic one. All four strains were slowly eluated from chicken erythrocytes. Full immunologic similarity was established between these strains by means of the live vaccines used in this country for the specific prevention of Newcastle disease, produced with the lentogenic strains Hitchner B1 and La Sota and the mesogenic Komarov. PMID- 7340104 TI - [Tasks before Bulgarian biology in light of the decisions of the 12th Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party]. PMID- 7340105 TI - [Changes in the amount of serum sialic acid in the vaccination of poultry against Newcastle disease]. AB - A total of fifty birds of a four-line hybrid (Plymouth X Cornish) were used in an experiment to elucidate the link between the dynamics of serum sialic acid and the level of antihemagglutinins prior to and after vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND). It was found that immediately after vaccination the level of serum sialic acid rose essentially, and persisted at high values in the course of 7-8 days. It came back to the initial level at the time when the ND antihemagglutinins showed a maximum rise, i. e., when the active immunopoietic process was over. It is concluded that the changes in the serum sialic acid may be used tentatively as an adjunct in the evaluation of the immune responsiveness of the animal organism in the course of immunopoiesis following active immunization. PMID- 7340106 TI - [Antigenic differences in the glycoproteins of the Newcastle disease virus]. AB - The two glucoproteins of the Newcastle disease virus - hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) and F-protein - were isolated in a pure state from two strains of the virus: the La Sota apathogenic strain and the Roussev strain pathogenic for birds. It was found that the large HN glucoprotein of each of the strains was not identical antigenically with the F-protein. These seemed to be partial antigenic relatedness between the HN of the two strains. On the other hand, the F proteins of the strains were identical. PMID- 7340107 TI - [Determination of the nucleotide composition of Pasteurella multocida strains]. AB - Studied was spectrophotometrically the nucleotide composition of DNA of Pasteurella multocida strains along with studies on the nucleotide base ratio, the molar relations between nucleotide bases, the guanine/cytosine ratio in percent, and the specificity index adenine-tinin/guanine cytosine. The strains used were isolated from birds with various forms of fowl cholera (acute, atypic, and swelling of the wattles), and from calves with bronchopneumonia. Used were also mutants that were streptomycin dependent, obtained through induction with nitrosoguanidine. Close values were established of the nucleotide bases both with the individual groups of Pasteurella strains and with the mutants and their initial strains. The molar relations showed values around a unit, the guanine/cytosine ratio in percent varied from 40.14 to 43,54 and the specificity index varied from 1.25 to 1.49. Data showed that all studied strains and mutants belonged to one species - Pasteurella multocida, on the one hand, and their grouping could not be made on the basis of their nucleotide composition, on the other - contrary to some other indexes, such as biochemical activity, virulence, and behaviour to specific phages. PMID- 7340108 TI - [Toxicity of sodium monensin for pigs]. AB - Studied were the acute and subchronic toxicity of monensin-Na in pigs. The investigations were carried out with elancoban-100, containing 10 per cent monensin-Na. A total of 46 pigs were used, weighing 15 to 60 kg. The preparation was applied individually via the nose or with the feed. It was found that nasally at 5 mg/kg the preparation did not lead to intoxication; rates of 10 and 20 mg/kg proved toxic, and a dose of 30 mg/kg was lethal. Feed containing 300 ppm of monensin-Na given but once led to intoxication and death with part of the animals. Pig tolerated well continuous (33 days) intake of feed that contained the sodium salt of monensin in concentrations of 120 and 240 ppm - no changes in the general status and behaviour were observed, nor were there any deviations in the morphologic and biochemical composition of the blood. It was demonstrated that the low amounts of monensin stimulated the weight gain of pigs. On the other hand, the clinical picture of the intoxication consisted in going off feed, higher pulse and respiration rates, involvement of the nervous system (depression of the nociceptive, eye closure, and ear reflexes, paresis of the hind limbs, and in severe cases - of the forelimbs too), hematuria in most of the animals, higher SGPT activity, and delayed ESR. Morphologically, there were vascular and slightly manifested degenerative changes in the parenchymal organs, red to brown urine in the bladder, strongly enlarged gallbladder, and catarrhal and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Histologically, there was granular and fatty degeneration of the kidneys, liver, and heart, hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and degenerative changes in the glial cells of the berebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. PMID- 7340109 TI - [Mechanism of glycogen depletion in the liver in endotoxin-treated rats]. AB - Studied were the rate and mechanism of glycogen breakdown in rats treated with Salmonella abortus ovis endotoxin. It was found that tissue homogenates from treated animals showed higher glycogenolytic activity in vitro as compared with homogenates from untreated animals, which demonstrated the direct mechanism of endotoxin action. The higher lytic activity with treated animals seemed to be associated with the higher activity of glycogen-phosphorylase, which showed peak values at the third hour following treatment. The higher activity of glycogen phosphorylase was, in turn, the result of the enzyme reactivation under the effect of the endotoxin, and was not linked with the synthesis or new enzyme molecules. PMID- 7340110 TI - [Effect of feed proteins on serum proteins in poultry infected with S. gallinarum pullorum]. AB - The effect was studied of the protein component of feed on the serum-protein profile in a Salmonella gallinarum pullorum infection on a model of birds of the Leghorn and Cornish breeds, participating in three age groups. In terms of feeding the birds were divided into two groups: I - controls, fed standard mixtures, and II - test birds, fed mixtures of low protein amounts. The birds were bled at definite intervals following their inoculations. The total proteins of the blood serum were determined, and the dynamics of the protein fractions of the serum was followed up through microelectrophoresis. Dispersion and statistical analysis was employed in data-processing. It was found that with the lowered amount of proteins in the ration of birds infected with Salmonella gallinarum pullorum there appeared changes in the protein spectrum - lower total protein, and a rise of the alfa - globulin fraction along with the depression and delayed synthesis of the beta- and gamma-globulin fractions of the blood serum. Greater were the changes in the serum-protein spectrum of birds at the age of 45 days, however, no breed differences were observed. PMID- 7340111 TI - [Effect of various types of ration on the digestive processes of ewe lambs]. AB - Two groups of lambs of the same age (from two weeks to one year), breed, and live weight were given various types of rations: I - a 'concentrate' group, fed concentrates, and II -a 'haylage' group, fed rations in which roughage prevailed. After the completion of one year of age duodenal anastomoses were effected in three animals of each group. Balance and physiologic experiments were carried out with the animals in each group, that were supplied with fistulae. In the first experiment each group was given a ration of the same structure as that given up to the age of one year. In the second experiment the rations of the two groups were exchanged. In the third experiment both groups obtained one and same ration of the optimal size and structure. It was found that the feeding of growing animals with a given type of ration led to the adaptation of the digestive system to such diet, with best utilization of the individual feedstuffs. PMID- 7340112 TI - [Microbiological study in pork production]. AB - Investigations were carried out in production conditions on the sources of surface contamination of pork with regard to sanitary-indicative and pathogenic (Salmonellae) organisms. A total of 74 series of experiments were carried out, every series making use of the following: 10 fecal samples taken on the preslaughter premise; the results of studying the skin cover of 3 animals prior to washing, after washing, and after stunning, employing the method of Dryabina in studying skin areas of 25 cm2; as many as three washings taken from within the path from the place where the animals were washed to the place where they were stunned; the results of studying the surface of the meat produced (from 3 animals in each case) and at the site of starting skin removal, with sampling the abdomen muscles and the group along with sampling the meat itself after cleaning and washing it - taking impression preparations, resp., employing the contact method with a 44 cm2 surface area of the agar. No Salmonella bacteria were found in the 1628 analyses and fecal samples of the skin of pigs intended for slaughter. The washing of the animals lowered more than 70 times the total bacterial contamination of the skin cover. It was found that the site of starting skin removal and the muscles of the abdomen and those of the forelimbs were most strongly contaminated. PMID- 7340113 TI - [Effect of corticosterone on the triglyceride content of the blood plasma of chick embryos]. AB - The effect was followed up of exogenous corticosterone at the rate of 1 X 10a g/60 g egg on the metabolism of triglycerides contained in the blood plasma of chick embryos. Treatment was carried out on the 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th day of egg incubation, and the triglycerides were determined in 12-, 14-, 16-, 18 , and 20-day-old embryos as well as in day-old and 7-day-old chicks. It was found that the injection of corticosterone led to the drop of triglyceride level of the plasma, which was most strongly expressed on the 12th day of incubation. Lasting changes set in with regard to lipid metabolism, initiated by the hormone action. They were observed up to the 7th day after hatching. PMID- 7340114 TI - [Comparative studies of plans for controlling American foulbrood in public aviaries]. AB - Comparative testing was carried out on two control programmes against American foul brood in the public apiaries and honey-producing enterprises. A total of 19 apiaries with 2580 bee colonies were used in the experiments. It was found that there was an inapparent epizootic process in such apiaries, owing to which the destruction of the apparently affected honeybee colonies, without applying special measures to the occasionally normal ones did not interrupt the development of the disease. It is suggested to carry out preventive treatment of the normal bee colonies in such foci with therapeutic drugs according to a definite programme, after the affected colonies have been eliminated. Sanation measures should be applied under the supervision of veterinary organs. Beehives, originating from apiaries affected with American foul brood could be used again for the raising of honeybees after disinfection with perfumaric acid. PMID- 7340115 TI - The clinical spectrum of toxic shock syndrome. AB - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a recently recognized acute multisystem illness that may recur. Epidemiologic links with menstruation and use of tampons have been identified. We report the cases of seven patients (six women and one man), 12 to 31 years old, seen over nine months, who met the criteria for TSS. Four were menstruating at onset. All had hypotension, fever, erythematous rash and distal desquamation. A prodrome of myalgias and diarrhea occurred in all patients. Clinical features of the acute illness included pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, leukocytosis and renal dysfunction (7), hepatobiliary abnormalities (6), mental confusion (6) and coagulopathy (4). In three patients, examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed abnormalities. The illness progressed in three patients to adult respiratory distress syndrome and significant cardiac dysfunction. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from mucosal sites in six. The disease recurred in two. There were no deaths. Possible transmissibility was illustrated by two patients, a married couple, with simultaneous illnesses. Pathophysiologic features of TSS suggest a toxicogenic cause. Management consists of early recognition, vigorous fluid resuscitation, inotropic support as needed, discontinuation of tampon use and treatment with antistaphylococcal antimicrobic drugs. PMID- 7340116 TI - Ultrasonic arteriography: implications in patient management. AB - Forty-six consecutive studies of carotid bifurcations were done with a Hokanson Ultrasonic Arteriograph before contrast arteriography. Based on the Doppler signal and the oscilloscopic image, each internal carotid artery was sorted into one of four categories as an estimation of the percent diameter reduction: less than or equal to 10 percent, 10 percent to 49 percent, 50 percent to 99 percent, and total occlusion. These results were compared with the percent diameter reduction determined from contrast arteriograms by a vascular radiologist unaware of the noninvasive test results. Overall, 83 percent of the arteries were correctly categorized. Detection of stenosis in the 50 percent to 99 percent range was 89 percent accurate. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting a 50 percent or greater stenosis were both 96 percent. PMID- 7340117 TI - Intestinal protozoan infections: prevalence in the San Francisco Bay Area. AB - A sample of 415 members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (KFHP) were tested for intestinal protozoa. This parasite survey group was found to be comparable in age distribution, sex and ethnic background with the membership at large. Gastrointestinal complaints were no more numerous in this group than in a large series of KFHP members taking multiphasic examinations. Because KFPH membership included, at the time of the survey, approximately 27 percent of all residents of the San Francisco Bay Area, the membership may be considered approximately representative of the entire area. Fourteen percent of persons were found to be infected with one or more intestinal protozoan parasites, while 5.5 percent harbored potentially pathogenic sorts. Entamoeba histolytica was found in 0.7 percent of those surveyed, Giardia lamblia in 1.7 percent and Dientamoeba fragilis in 3.1 percent. PMID- 7340118 TI - Modern neurosyphilis: a partially treated chronic meningitis. AB - Approximately 5,000 new cases of neurosyphilis may occur in the United States each year. General paresis and tabes dorsalis, however, have become relatively rare since the introduction of penicillin. Seizures, neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms, stroke and acute meningoencephalitis are currently the most common manifestations of neurosyphilis. In more than a third of patients with neurosyphilis, nontreponemal tests for syphilis (such as VDRL) are negative and should not be used to exclude the diagnosis. Specific treponemal tests are more sensitive and more specific. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid may show no abnormalities in neurosyphilis and is not an infallible guide to the activity of the infection. Penicillin is the only proven antibiotic treatment of neurosyphilis. However, low-dose regimens do not produce spirocheticidal concentrations in the brain, and high-dose penicillin therapy is recommended to insure eradication of the spirochetes. Doxycycline, a tetracycline derivation that achieves relatively high concentration in the brain, may also be effective. PMID- 7340119 TI - Peptic ulcer disease: the flowers that bloom in the spring. PMID- 7340120 TI - Chlamydial infections. What should we do while waiting for a diagnostic test? PMID- 7340121 TI - Recurrent pulmonary emboli and Buerger's disease. PMID- 7340123 TI - Blood pressure measurement in children. PMID- 7340122 TI - Gastrointestinal barotrauma in scuba divers. PMID- 7340124 TI - Eradicating handgun violence. PMID- 7340125 TI - Self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic patients. PMID- 7340126 TI - Tumorigenic aspect of spironolactone. PMID- 7340127 TI - A comparison of primary care residents with conventional internal medicine and pediatric residents. AB - A study was done of 15 residency training programs in primary care (not family practice residencies) to determine how the residents compared with their counterparts in conventional programs. Primary care residents are equally or more clinically skilled and equally or better grounded in the science of medicine. Their clinical research is directed toward different issues, and they are decidedly more psychosocially oriented. PMID- 7340128 TI - The effects of primary care versus traditional training on career choice in pediatrics. AB - In response to concerns questioning the relevance for future pediatric generalists of traditional hospital-based, subspecialty-oriented pediatric residency training, new residency programs emphasizing increased ambulatory, continuity care training experiences have been developed.We compared the career activities of physicians who had received their pediatric residency training in the traditional, predominantly inpatient program and in the predominantly ambulatory primary care program at the University of California, San Francisco. Three groups were surveyed: (1) pre-1975, those who received training in the traditional program before 1975, (2) post-1975, those who were trained in the traditional program after 1975 and (3) primary care, those who received their training in the primary care program beginning in 1975. The results indicate that more than twice as many former primary care residents as traditional residents are practicing primary care. Since the development of two pediatric training tracks, satisfaction with program relevance has increased among those who practice primary care. The results indicate that there is a greater commitment to primary care practice among residents trained in the primary care program. PMID- 7340130 TI - Risk of altitude exposure in sickle cell disease. AB - The risk of altitude-induced hypoxemia causing painful crisis was determined in a group of 45 predominantly adult patients with sickle cell disease. The patients were divided into two groups: those with hemoglobin (Hb) SS and those with Hb SC or Hb S beta-thalassemia. Altitude exposures were divided into airplane travel and mountain visits, and the latter subdivided into stays at 4,400 or 6,320 ft. The average risk of crisis was higher for both groups while in the mountains (37.9 percent and 56.6 percent, respectively) than it was during airplane travel (10.8 percent and 13.5 percent, respectively). The latter group had more splenic crises than the former group and also had a greater risk at 6,320 ft (65.9 percent) than at 4,400 ft (20.0 percent). Patients with sickle cell disease are at high risk of crisis in the mountains, and we advise those with intact spleens to breathe supplemental oxygen during air travel. PMID- 7340129 TI - Sarcoidosis: a clinical, roentagenographic and pathological survey. AB - The records of 107 patients with sarcoidosis were reviewed for clinical presentation, roentgenographic findings and pathological features. Tissue confirmation was obtained in all patients, with transbronchial lung biopsy and minor salivary gland biopsy specimens providing useful procedures for random biopsy when peripheral lymph node or skin lesions were not present. Clinical and laboratory correlations are necessary to exclude other causes of granulomatous disease that may have the same pathological features as sarcoidosis. PMID- 7340132 TI - Dantrolene: specific drug therapy for malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7340131 TI - A patient with polycythemia. PMID- 7340133 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in an adult. PMID- 7340134 TI - Rapid osteolysis in pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7340135 TI - Does physostigmine reverse quinidine delirium? PMID- 7340136 TI - Multiple sleep latency tests during the development of narcolepsy. PMID- 7340138 TI - Fatalities from motorcycle accidents. PMID- 7340137 TI - A prolonged severe intoxication after ingestion of phenytoin and phenobarbital. PMID- 7340139 TI - The politics of helmets for motorcyclists. PMID- 7340141 TI - Stewards of the environment. PMID- 7340140 TI - Motorists, seat belts and individual freedom. PMID- 7340142 TI - A patient-as-insurer option. PMID- 7340143 TI - Immunologic basis of preeclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 7340144 TI - Diagnosing preeclampsia in late pregnancy. PMID- 7340145 TI - [Lung cancer in young adults]. PMID- 7340146 TI - [Analysis of burns]. PMID- 7340147 TI - [Pathological conditions and complications of cesarean section requiring hysterectomy]. PMID- 7340148 TI - [Health and socioeconomic status of elderly Bedouins in Libya]. PMID- 7340149 TI - [Further progress in the pharmacological dissolution of biliary calculi with ursodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 7340150 TI - [Therapeutic procedures in recurrent respiratory tract infections in children]. PMID- 7340151 TI - [2 cases of spontaneous hemopneumothorax]. PMID- 7340152 TI - [Lipomas of the large intestine]. PMID- 7340153 TI - [Submucosal lipomas of the large intestine]. PMID- 7340154 TI - [Carcinoid tumor as a cause of appendiceal intussusception]. PMID- 7340155 TI - [Diagnostic and legal aspects of clinically unrecognized adrenal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7340156 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7340158 TI - Conference on aging. PMID- 7340157 TI - [Case of burn of the ear caused by lightning]. PMID- 7340159 TI - Wisconsin nutrition at Harvard. PMID- 7340160 TI - More Wisconsin nutrition at Harvard. PMID- 7340161 TI - Cats and stones. PMID- 7340162 TI - Megavitamins. PMID- 7340163 TI - Nutrition controversies. PMID- 7340164 TI - Bacterial agents of foodborne disease. PMID- 7340165 TI - President's page: the rationing of medical care PART III: another alternative. PMID- 7340166 TI - Holistic medicine. PMID- 7340167 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis. PMID- 7340168 TI - The "New Horizon" nurse and the physician: a need for guidelines. PMID- 7340169 TI - Methods of diagnosis of acute adrenal hemorrhage complicating anticoagulant therapy-abdominal CAT scanning. PMID- 7340170 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of left atrial thrombi. PMID- 7340171 TI - President's page: some final thoughts regarding fees. PMID- 7340172 TI - Health outlook for South and East Asia for the year 2000. PMID- 7340173 TI - [Gallbladder abnormalities: aplasia and double formation]. PMID- 7340174 TI - [Radiation load in the patient and its reduction in fluoroscopy, especially in pediatric radiodiagnosis]. PMID- 7340175 TI - [Results of an inquiry among 4039 women about self examination of the breast]. PMID- 7340176 TI - [Diagnosis of stuttering]. PMID- 7340177 TI - [Experiences with a self-assessment scale in depressive disorders]. PMID- 7340178 TI - [Cerebral side effects in metoclopramide (Cerucal) administration]. PMID- 7340179 TI - [Epidemiology of injuries of the body cavities]. PMID- 7340180 TI - [Irreversible intestinal ischemia]. PMID- 7340181 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis and therapy of juvenile pneumonia]. PMID- 7340182 TI - [Acute arterial occlusion of the extremities]. PMID- 7340183 TI - [The value of lymphographic criteria in the evaluation of malignant testicular tumors]. PMID- 7340184 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 7340185 TI - [Organic mental disorders caused by alcoholism]. PMID- 7340186 TI - [The solitary biliary calculus--a harmless condition?]. PMID- 7340187 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of iatrogenic complications after combined treatment of malignant kidney tumors]. PMID- 7340188 TI - [Therapeutic value of reflex-induced movement complexes in neonates and infants]. PMID- 7340189 TI - [Recommendations for the interpretation and evaluation of electrocardiograms of juveniles and adults. A short programmed course. 3. Introduction and partial program I: Rhythm forms, heart rate and position type 3. Demonstration of selected electrocardiograms]. PMID- 7340190 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and indications for surgery of juvenile appendicitis]. PMID- 7340191 TI - [The work of the community nurse in the medical care of the population of the district of Neubrandenburg]. PMID- 7340192 TI - [Correlations between somatic and neuropsychiatric acceleration in early childhood. (Changes in the age of appearance of developmental signs in institutionalized children 1958-1978)]. PMID- 7340193 TI - [Disulfiram psychoses]. PMID- 7340194 TI - [The selection of biopsy technics in the ambulatory diagnosis of cervical tumors]. PMID- 7340195 TI - [Preoperative and postoperative results in median and lateral neck cysts and fistulas]. PMID- 7340196 TI - [The quantitative determination of HBSAG--a valuable aid in evaluating the infectiousness of hepatitis B virus carriers]. PMID- 7340197 TI - [Angioneurotic reaction in the wall of extrahepatic bile ducts as a cause of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7340198 TI - [The value of EEG for the medical evaluation of fitness in traffic]. PMID- 7340199 TI - [Peripheral facial paralysis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7340200 TI - [Important aspects of the surgical treatment of hormone-active adrenal tumors]. PMID- 7340201 TI - [Physical training in obesity]. PMID- 7340202 TI - [Increasing accident rate at selected plants of the Berlin building trade]. PMID- 7340203 TI - [The inherent potentialities of psychiatry for the formation of ideologic (philosophical, economic, political and work-ethical) perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes as a target of communist education of students]. PMID- 7340204 TI - [Objective anamnesis]. PMID- 7340205 TI - [Diagnostic standards in surgical diseases with special reference to outpatient diagnosis as a recommendation for specialists in general medicine]. PMID- 7340206 TI - [Results of a clinico-epidemiologic study in the field of outpatient psychiatric care]. PMID- 7340207 TI - [Early postnatal nutrition, diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7340208 TI - Determination of pulmonary deposition, translocation and clearance using neutron activation techniques. AB - Neutron activation provides a sensitive technique to estimate pulmonary deposition, translocation and clearance of inhaled particles. Talc and fly ash were irradiated in an integrated neutron flux of or approximately 10(16) n/cm2. Radionuclides were induced by (n, gamma) reactions on major an minor elements in the dusts. Hamsters received a single nose-only exposure to the dusts. Groups of 4 to 6 animals were than serially sacrificed at intervals up to 4 months postexposure. Lungs, other tissues of interest and excreta were collected for gamma-ray analysis. Limit of detection for the isotopes 60Co or 46Sc was or approximately 0.1 dpm, facilitating detection of 10(-11) gram quantities of these elements. Analyzing for more than one radionuclide and comparing their ratios in the bulk dust to those in the tissue or excreta indicated whether a radionuclide leached from the particle or represented particles in the tissue samples. Six to 8% of the inhaled talc were deposited in the alveoli; its biological half-life in the lung was 7 to 10 days. Alveolar clearance was essentially complete 4 months postexposure. No translocation of talc to liver, kidneys, ovaries of other parts of the body was found. Picogram quantities of 60Co found in the urine probably represented leached 60Co, absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Two to 3% of the inhaled fly ash were initially retained in the respiratory tract. Estimated biological half-lives were 3 and 35 days for airways and alveoli, respectively. After 99 days the mean lung burden had decreased to about 10% of its initial value; extrapolation suggests near-complete pulmonary clearance at about 200 days postexposure. PMID- 7340209 TI - Mucociliary dysfunction in bronchial asthma. AB - The presence of mucociliary dysfunction in bronchial asthma is suggested by clinical observations and has been confirmed by pathologic and physiologic studies. Since mucociliary dysfunction may play a considerable role in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, currently available therapeutic measures which enhance mucous transport should be included in the treatment plan. It is expected that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will ultimately result in the development of more potent pharmacologic agents capable of improving abnormal mucociliary function. PMID- 7340210 TI - [The inhalation therapy of the hypertensive bronchial system (author's transl)]. AB - We talk about a hypersensitive bronchial systems, when under certain endogenous prepositions or exogenous influences, upon which a health person reacts hardly or not at all, it comes to a significant raise of the airway resistances. Probably this is the prestadium of a chronic obstructive airway disease, which often occurs with patients suffering from an existent bronchial disease. Therefore it is important for actual clinical practice to discuss here those drugs which were needed usually in the inhalation therapy and possible interfere with the raise of sensitivity of the bronchial airways. We tested the effects of different pharmaca given as aerosols on the lung function of patients suffering from a bronchial hypersensitivity basing on those results we discuss several therapeutic problems which ensue. PMID- 7340212 TI - [Intra-nasal distribution of aerosols with or without vibration]. AB - Intra-nasal distribution of aerosol deposited with or without air flow vibration was investigated by the use of a cast of human nose. In order to analyze the effect of vibration on the particle deposition, the size distribution and the concentration of aerosol were simultaneously measured by an on-lined laser beam scattering particle counter. According to the experimental and the theoretical considerations, it was found that the vibration strongly affected on the motion of particles and then the aerosol particle was more widely and uniformly distributed in the nasal cavity by vibrating the air. This also caused the increasing of particle deposition efficiency and the changing the partial efficiency of each particle size in it. Judging from the above mentioned facts, it was considered that the vibration aerosol therapy would be an useful technique for nasal diseases as well as paranasal sinus diseases. PMID- 7340211 TI - [Testing of lung function after theophylline inhalation (author's transl)]. AB - In the pharmacological therapy of obstructive airway syndrome, a combined therapy with pharmaca of different effective principles often is necessary. In comparison to the systemical therapy equal effects with less substance are to be obtained by application of the medicament as an aerosol. We report about results of a clinical experimental study: In patients suffering from obstructive airway syndrome, body plethysmographic measures of the lung function were made after inhalation of theophylline as an aerosol, given in different doses. At the same time serum levels of theophylline were measured. We report about the results. PMID- 7340213 TI - Immunological effects induced by biological natural aerosols (pollen and spores). AB - Pollen and spores are natural biological aerosols, mostly wind transported. Most of them are deposited within the upper respiratory tract. Only such particles with a diameter from 0,5-5 mu are believed to reach the alveoli. Most pollen do not deposit into the lower airways because their diameter is larger than 10 mu. Therefore, the mechanism of pollen induced asthma seems to be obscure. This phenomenon might be explained by some hypotheses. It could be possible that particles produced as natural biological aerosols with a size distribution smaller than pollens cause the asthma. Another version explaining the pollen induced asthma may arise from the fact, that pollen grains pass the digestive tract and involve the lung via bloodstream. In view of the fact that reflex action releases a bronchoconstriction has led to the conclusion that pollen grains contracted the mucosa of the upper airways induce the obstruction of the bronchi. PMID- 7340214 TI - Clinical data of fluocortin butylester (FCB) - a new inhalable corticoid. AB - A report was given on a new inhalable corticoid - Fluocortin butylester (FCB) - administered to patients with bronchial asthma. Forty eight cases with extrinsic asthma induced by allergen challenge participated in this study. A good protective effect was seen in 10 patients inhaling 8 mg daily. This dosis produced a remarkable effect of Raw and FRC. No side effects were observed in a study carried over 3 years. Furthermore, there was detected a normal adrenal function during the duration of FCB therapy. PMID- 7340215 TI - [Early diagnosis by means of flow volume curves in workers with respiratory exposure (author's transl)]. AB - In 432 electric welders and 420 not respiratory exposed workers the information value of spirometry (VC, FEV1) and flow volume curves (PEF, V2/V1, V50, V75) was examined taking into consideration the influence of age, smoking and occupational exposure. Despite the higher frequency of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary siderosis in exposed workers no influence of welding fumes on the above mentioned parameters could be shown. Comparing different smoking groups all parameters (with the exception of VC) exhibited the same trend, the FEV1 at the top regarding significance and weight. These results don't support a wider use of flow volume curves in the screening of not selected groups of different exposure. Whether the compared methods can lead to different qualitative or prognostic informations should be examined further in studies comparing functional and morphological data and in epidemiological follow-up studies. PMID- 7340216 TI - [Efficacy of gas exchange in the lung of children (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of the CO transfer through lungs is the most direct method of determination of lung function. In children more convenient for practical use is the "steady state" than the "single breath" method. Besides classical coefficient of transfer (TLCO) interpretation of results may be widened by coefficients of the CO fractional uptake - global (FUCO) and partials, informing about exchange of gases in airways (FUCO) and in alveolies (FUaCO) the predicted values of the above coefficients should be calculated, accordingly to the opinion of authors, in relation with tidal volume (TV) or with total lung capacity (TLC), but FUCO and FUaCO with frequency of breathing (f). Cited examples of clinical results prove practical usefulness of application the "steady state" method in children. PMID- 7340217 TI - [Discriminating power of multivariate parameters of respiration in epidemiological studies (author's transl)]. AB - Applying a broad scale of lung function tests in epidemiological surveys (929 metal workers of a big industrial shop, 211 of them with signs of chronic obstructive lung disease, COLD, and 1,266 pupils of 2 towns with different dust exposition) we found similar multivariate discriminant functions in all age groups between 7 and 79 years of age to differentiate between COLD-population and normal population. Residual volume in % of total capacity (RV/TC) seems to be the most relevant central parameter in all age groups, which should be combined with one of the inhomogeneity parameters of single breath or multi breath distribution tests ( delta F/ delta V or breath of inhomogeneity IHB) in juveniles between 7 to 16 years of age and with closing volume (CV/VC) in adults between 20 to 79 years of age. Conventional ventilation parameters and the arterial oxygen tension don't contribute additional information to multivariate analysis, which isn't already summarized by the parameters RV/TC. PMID- 7340218 TI - [The measurement of airway resistance during exercise by body plethysmography before and after application of asthma-protective drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The behaviour of airway resistance under and after physical exercise up to 75 watt was investigated in 70 persons. In this test the airway resistance of subjects with healthy lungs and patient suffering from bronchial hyperreactivity does not show any significant changes. Patients with manifest obstructive ventilation disorders may be divided into two groups: in the major group (preponderant patients with a chronic bronchitis) the airway resistance decreases under exercise and reaches not the starting level up to the 8th minute after finishing exercise. In the minor group with the clinical picture of asthma the airway resistance increases during and after exercise and reaches it maximum in the 4th minute of recreation. In the same group the oxygen partial pressure decreases under exercise but on the average remains within the age-dependent reference-range. With the drugs disodium cromoglycate ("Intal"), Ketotifen ("Zaditen") and ipratropium bromide ("Atrovent") it's possibly to reduce the exercise induced increase of airway resistance; in comparison ipratropium bromide has the best effect. PMID- 7340219 TI - [Examination of the lung function in children with CNSRD by radionuclide methods (author's transl)]. AB - In 338 children suffering from CNSRD were carried out firstly the 99mTc perfusions scintigraphy of the lung and secondly the bronchoscopy/bronchography. Finally the results were compared and a good correlation was found between both the methods. Therefore the perfusions scintigraphy of the lung can be recommended as a screening method in children with CNSRD. Only in case of pathologic findings by the lung scintigram the endoscopic exploration is earnestly indicated but in normal findings not usually. PMID- 7340220 TI - [The value of the quantitative acetylcholine-test for the estimate of the bronchial reactivity (author's transl)]. AB - By the quantitative acetylcholine-test, described in details, the threshold amount of acetylcholine is determined, which after inhalation is able to provoke bronchial obstruction just measureable. By double-determinations nearly identical results are obtained. Errors may result from the patient's non-cooperation, especially in young children and from unexact dosage of acetylcholine by the nebulizer. There exists a circadian periodicity of bronchial reactivity having its climax in the night an the early morning. Therefore the test should be performed always at the same hour in the morning. PMID- 7340221 TI - Pulmonary function in neuromuscular diseases. AB - Lung function were determined in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The decrease of TLC, VC and the increase of RV were established. The ratio FEV1/VC was decreased during two months after the onset of disease in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis and during one year after the onset of the respiratory insufficiency in patients with myasthenia gravis. These data have the practice importance for establishing of the period of artificial ventilation. Its theoretical significance is that they supply the knowledge deficit in clinical physiology of respiration in some neurological diseases. PMID- 7340222 TI - [Airway-resistance in pregnancy measured by oscillation-technique (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of resistance were performed in 430 healthy pregnant women, 30 non pregnant women and 33 puerperae by employing the oscillation-technique. The patients were studied in sitting and standing positions. It was found, that 2 maxima of resistance exist in pregnancy: the first in the 6th, the second in the 9th month. In the sitting position the resistance was higher than in the standing one. PMID- 7340223 TI - [Measurement and model-interpretation of new parameters of lung mechanics (author's transl)]. AB - In 34 subjects (healthy and patients with obstructive and restrictive lung diseases) the components R and X of the respiratory impedance were measured in relation to the oscillatory frequency f by means of the forced oscillations technique. Using a frequency range from 5 to 30 Hz we found significant differences in these three groups of subjects for the frequency dependence of the R(f) and X(f) curves. A model-analysis showed that frequency dependence of R and X is mainly caused by the influence of the compliance of the central and upper airways. The magnitude of this influence is a function of the peripheral airway resistance. PMID- 7340224 TI - [Sarcoidosis and blood groups--a causal analysis]. PMID- 7340225 TI - [Nutrition and cancer. A meeting report]. AB - A meeting report is given (Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, Houston, and International Congress of Nutrition, San Diego) which mainly deals with cancerogenesis: The role of retinoids as inhibitors, and the role of pyrolysis products as promoter of cancerogenesis, both essentially active in the tumor promotion range of cancerogenesis, after previous initiation. In the future, enhanced chances may be foreseen for active prevention and for causal elucidation of cancer formation, which until now seems to be a spontaneous disease. PMID- 7340226 TI - A tentative molecular-biological hypothesis for arteriosclerosis. AB - In view of the fact that complications of arteriosclerosis are the most frequent causes of death in industrialized societies, its etiology is of enormous interest. The widely held lipid theory (detrimental effects of cholesterol) has been attacked because it cannot account for such facts as the homeostatic relationship of endogenous and exogenous cholesterol: for the "normal" cholesterol content of the early atheroma; for the distribution of the lesions, their spotty occurrence and their "programmed" appearance. Arteriosclerosis is part of the normal processes of aging which are related to molecular-biological changes. Autoimmune processes and the effects of extrachromosomal organisms of the genome (viruses, plasmids, viroids) are clinically of interest. Arteriosclerotic lesions are probably influenced by autoimmune processes; the variability and specificity of the non-chromosomal organisms may explain the location of the lesions; the end of the incubation period of the organisms may be responsible for the programmed appearance of clinical symptoms. The lipid changes are probably part of the adaptive mechanisms counteracting the rapid destruction of the vessels following the DNA alterations. Arteriosclerosis is part of normal evolution. PMID- 7340227 TI - Survey of obesity in child communities. AB - Authors conducted the weight-height measurements of 12,751 children in the district of Monor on the basis of the IW/AH index and found 705 obese children. Childhood obesity rate of the district was 5.53%. The questionnaires sent to the affected children's families revealed diabetes in the families of 784 children, 66 of whom were obese, which is 8.4% - much higher than the populations's value. The highest obesity rate was found in puberty, while in children with a family background for diabetes this value was found in 14-18 years of age. The groups investigated are given special nursing. Authors express thanks to all the persons who contributed to carry out the measurements. PMID- 7340228 TI - Unconventional protein sources: "date seeds". AB - Different varieties of Egyptian date seed were evaluated biochemically. The protein content of which was in the range of 7.13-10.36%, while the fat content was from 6.32-9.28%. Phosphorus, calcium and iron were determined in all experimental samples. One variety of date seed (Samany) were used for extensive determination of the amino acids constituents by acid hydrolysis, quantitative determination of some amino acids, and evaluation of their biological value on attempt to use the seeds as new protein sources. Weanling albino rats fed on a diet of protein level 5% lost weight, but no toxic signs were observed. Analysis of blood serum of rats, for total proteins, albumin globulin ratio and free nonessential/essential amino acid protein, showed the date seed protein to be of low biological value. PMID- 7340229 TI - [Enzymatic oxidation reaction in frozen parsley]. AB - During frozen storage of (non-blanched) parsley, substances are formed showing absorption (234 nm) typical for hydroperoxidienoic acids with conjugated double bonds. However, only small quantities of these compounds are found in the frozen material as compared to other lipid degradation products; for instance, during 2 months at -18 degrees C only 0.1% of the fatty acids (bound to polar lipids) present in fresh parsley are transformed into dienoic acids. These low dienoic acid concentration are nevertheless sufficient to explain off-flavour formation since the sensory threshold values of the degradation products are in the range of some ppb only. After storage for 2 months at -24 degrees C no hydroperoxidienoic acids were found which means that this temperature, in contrast to the usual storage temperature of -18 degrees C, provides practically full protection against lipoxygenase-catalyzed spoiling reactions. PMID- 7340230 TI - Protein-rich food mixtures for feeding the young in Egypt. 1. formulation. AB - Ten protein-rich food mixtures were suggested. They are based on popular dishes which could be prepared simply at home. Such mixtures were prepared from seeds or legumes available in the local markets at reasonable prices. These ingredients are polished rice, decorticated lentils, defatted sesame flour, whole or roasted chick peas (dehulled), maize bread, sun flour kernels, fenugreek seeds, wheat (whole grains or parboiled grains), white wheat flour, defatted peanut flour, defatted sesame flour and dry yeast. The protein content of such food mixtures ranged from 17.7 to 23.2%, which is in agreement with recommended values. Defatted sesame flour was incorporated in most of the mixtures in order to correct for their sulphur-containing amino-acids as it is already known that sesame is a rich source of sulphur-containing amino acids in comparison to other vegetable sources. Further investigations are going on to determine the nutritive value of the formulated mixtures before feeding them to the children. PMID- 7340231 TI - [Principles of photometry and gas chromatography and their significance in the hygienic assessment of water]. PMID- 7340232 TI - [A dosimeter for determining the concentration of carbon monoxide in personal environment]. PMID- 7340233 TI - [Pallesthesiometry as a screening test in industrial medical examinations of workers with exposure of the hand-arm system to vibration]. PMID- 7340234 TI - [Draft guidelines for the production, testing and the use of staphylococcal vaccines]. PMID- 7340235 TI - [Contribution made by veterinary medicine and veterinary service to hygiene and to preventive protection of health and animal stocks]. PMID- 7340236 TI - [History and results achieved in the debate on the physician's duty concerning life preservation in the developmental process of our socialist public health service]. PMID- 7340237 TI - [Evolvement of the concept "mass examination"--a contribution to the history of medical terminology]. PMID- 7340238 TI - [Incidence of dental caries in pre-school children in Berlin from 1921 til the present time]. PMID- 7340240 TI - [Increasing importance of military health protection]. PMID- 7340239 TI - [Practical course of "stationary medical care" training for medical students (selected results of a survey)]. PMID- 7340241 TI - [Possibilities of formation and occupational medical significance of aliphatic nitrosamines]. PMID- 7340242 TI - [Effect of 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and increased ambient temperature on bromide thaleine elimination in male Wistar rats]. PMID- 7340243 TI - [Local muscular perserverance in repetitive static work]. PMID- 7340244 TI - [Electromyograms of dynamically arm muscles during simultaneous activity, passive rests and change of the hand under close-to-real laboratory conditions]. PMID- 7340245 TI - [Problems of organizing work on data screen apparatus: stage and need for processing]. PMID- 7340246 TI - [Visual demands and capacity for performance in special working places in microelectronics]. PMID- 7340247 TI - [Does pneumatization of the temporal bone protect against noise?]. PMID- 7340248 TI - [Industrial-hygienic, ergophthalmologic and industrial-psychologic problems in windowless workrooms]. PMID- 7340249 TI - [Medical capability and aptitude examinations of music students in artistic and pedagogic learning establishments]. PMID- 7340250 TI - [Epidemiologic study on the protective duration of measles vaccine in the Karl Marx Stadt region]. PMID- 7340251 TI - [Serologic studies on the protective duration of measles vaccine]. PMID- 7340252 TI - [Comparative study on the value of passive hemagglutination, complement fixation reaction and hemagglutination inhibition test for diagnosis of influenza virus infections in children]. PMID- 7340253 TI - [Biochemical differentiation of corynebacteria]. PMID- 7340254 TI - [Effectiveness of individually binding decisions of government hygiene inspection agencies]. PMID- 7340255 TI - [Experiences with the new poison law]. PMID- 7340256 TI - [Political significance of social care for the control of social processes based on Marxism-Leninism]. PMID- 7340257 TI - [Development of the expert medical opinions services and the evaluation of cases of indemnity in medical care]. PMID- 7340258 TI - [Comparison of clinical and autopsy diagnosis of a random sample investigation from Dresden under consideration of the basic disease]. PMID- 7340259 TI - [Systematic dental prevention in a large industrial plant]. PMID- 7340260 TI - [Selective, time dependent accumulation of the triphenylmethane dyes bromphenol blue, bromoresol green and iodophenol blue in mouse tumors]. AB - 1. A selective late dye concentration dependent on the time is described for 3 triphenylmethane dyes namely bromphenol blue, bromcresol green and iodophenol blue after intravenous application in high dosage in malignant inoculated tumors and experimental tumor metastases in the mouse. 2. The possible mechanisms of this dye concentration phenomenon in the tumor tissue as well as some chances of the eventual therapeutic and tumor diagnostic utilization were discussed. PMID- 7340261 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy with intraoperative monitoring using Burge's test]. AB - Only the test by Burge shows an effective evidence among the intraoperative control methods for testing the completeness of section during selective proximal vagotomy. The postoperative results are discussed in this study. 78 patients of 91 could be controlled endoscopically 3 to 60 months postoperatively. The result of the group with the Burge test (n = 38) does not differ essentially from the group without the Burge test (n = 40). However, the Burge test has a didactic importance certainly for surgeons in the training. PMID- 7340262 TI - [Experimental autoradiographic study on the proliferation kinetics of the ischemically injured rat small intestine]. AB - The kinetics of proliferation of the ischemically injured small intestine in rats were tested after recovery of the circulation in dependence on the age by means of the autoradiography. The marking index and the middle density of silver grain were applied. The time of the anoxia amounted to 3 hours, since in that case a regeneration can hardly be expected after this time. With a complete regeneration both the number of the synthesizing cells and the synthesized DNA quantity can be calculated after the recovery of circulation. Differences dependent on the age become clear, in a similar way to the physiological kinetics of proliferation. The values of comparison with the control group are reached in rats at an age of 6 weeks already after nearly 18 to 20 hours. On the other hand the time of the regeneration amounted to nearly 36 to 48 hours in the rats at the age of 12 months. The demand of an early diagnosis and recovery of the circulation within 3 hours is emphasized. PMID- 7340264 TI - [Experimental model of isolated arterial stenosis]. AB - The production of an arterial stenosis in an experiment is performed mainly by means of starvation ligatures or constrictors. In this way the produced stenosis does not allow to exercise reconstructive surgical interventions during the training in the angio-surgery. We produced the model of an isolated arterial stenosis by means of an anodic direct current in extravascular application. The stenosis was demonstrated by angiography and measurement of the blood flow. Measurements of the oxygen tension in the femoral artery and vein showed a decrease of the values after producing the stenosis. This method makes it possible to carry out a training of any kind of reconstructive interventions. PMID- 7340263 TI - [Basic studies on ultrasonic surgery. II. Studies on the stability after ultrasonic osteosynthesis in various forms of fractures in vitro]. AB - Investigations on the load capacity of an ultrasonic weld in transverse fractures, oblique fractures, and multiple fragment fractures by means of homologous bone fragments and Fimomed were taken up in vitro on 84 human femur diaphyses. It was possible to demonstrate the essential influence of the form of the fracture on the stability of the weld. The mechanical density was the highest in transverse fractures, small in oblique fractures, and the smallest in multiple fragment fractures. Conclusions were drawn up for the clinical use. PMID- 7340265 TI - [Vascular injuries caused by electric direct current in experimental thrombosis models]. AB - The eventual causes of the lesion of the vascular wall through electric direct current (D. C.) in experimental artificial thrombosis are discussed by means of microscopic investigations by electron microscope and light microscope in altogether 73 mongrel dogs and 14 mini pigs. No thermic lesions of the vascular wall were observed in the coronary thrombosis pattern on the closed thorax by means of 1 mA amperage and an induction time of 60 minutes. Secondary processes for cell lesions are to be made responsible in which the electrolysis on the cell membrane and the influence of functional ranges in the artery wall play an important part. PMID- 7340266 TI - [Problems of photographic documentation in plastic surgery]. AB - A basic aim of photographic documentation of clinical cases is to compare these cases with each other. Some examples illustrate possible misinterpretations due to inadequate or variable photographic conditions. To assess postoperative results is possible only in exact comparative photography. Depending upon specific problems, the required conditions are variable. Nevertheless, some general rules can be formulated. They should be applied in a photographic documentation of clinical cases. PMID- 7340267 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction]. AB - A method for subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction is described. To the patients the results of this method are pleasing. A specific advantage of this method is, that only in 20, 15% of these cases in recent years, we used silicone prosthesis for augmentation. An analysis of 333 cases showed some frightening facts: in 9,26% an invasive carcinoma was found. Furthermore, in 4,44% a lobular carcinoma in situ was found. A preoperative diagnosis was made, only in four of these fourty patients. Therefore, it can be stated that - as reconstruction possibilities by plastic surgery standards are good - a generally restrictive point of view towards the indications to subcutaneous mastectomy should be given up. PMID- 7340268 TI - [Intelligence in children with cleft lip and palate]. AB - In a group of 174 children with clefts lip and palate the articulation-connected (sprachgebundene) and non-articulation-connected (nicht sprachgebundene) intelligence have been inquired by the HAWIE- and HAWIK-intelligence test. For this group a general average IQ of 106,6 resulted, that means 6,6 IQ points above a normal 100 level found out for this test. There is a significant difference between the verbal and the action-part, the action-part prevailing in nearly all IQ fields. With due restraint the qualitative interpretation of the subtests discovers a surprising high ability in respect of the verbal forming of conception, the verbal knowledge and the ability to adapt to social norms. PMID- 7340269 TI - [Complications in face lifting]. AB - There is a considerable rate of complications in face lift procedures. Especially those examiners who have included the dissatisfaction of patients found a rate of complications up to 40%. The article brings a conclusion of the most in the literature described complications and also hints from different authors to avoid them. PMID- 7340270 TI - [Microsurgical replantation on the hand with special reference to the socioeconomic aspects]. PMID- 7340271 TI - [Differentiation of plant and animal proteins by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel (author's transl)]. AB - A modified time and cost saving method for isoelectric focusing of protein mixtures in agarose gel is described. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by separation of meat, fish and potato proteins. PMID- 7340273 TI - [Results of operative correction of pigeon and funnel chest following a modified procedure of Ravitch and Haller (author's transl)]. AB - A surgical technique which is a modification of the technique described by Ravitch is presented in detail. We employed it in 441 patients, among them 85% with funnel chest, 11% with pigeon breast and 4% with combined funnel-pigeon breast. The pre- and postoperative measurement of the chest deformity which provides an objective evaluation of the surgical result is described. The postoperative results were in 91% satisfactory and in only 9% unsatisfactory. No postoperative death was observed in the last 420 patients. The overall mortality in the world literature is 0,05%. PMID- 7340272 TI - [Ultrasonographic (B-scan) studies of the skull in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The technical and diagnostic possibilities of two-dimensional echoencephalography in newborns and infants are described. The technique is simple, easy to carry out and avoids irradiation. Real-time ultrasound gives a quick general view of the ventricular system while the details are best performed with a compound scan procedure, 310 investigations in 93 patients are analysed and presented. Sonography should now be the first investigation in infants with possible intracranial lesions. The investigation is particularly valuable in the post operative control and follow-up of treated hydrocephalus. The most important limitation of the technique is the increasing sound deflection as the ossification of the skull proceeds. PMID- 7340274 TI - Tobramycin-clindamycin versus cephalothin-cephalexin in the treatment of appendicular peritonitis. AB - Forty-seven children, ages 1 to 14 years, with appendicular peritonitis were randomly divided into two groups: 27 were treated with the combination tobramycin clindamycin and 20 with cephalothin followed by cephalexin. The overall rate of complications was 32%. Patients who had had their symptoms for less than 48 hours before being admitted to hospital had significantly fewer complications than those whose symptoms had lasted longer. Patients treated with tobramycin clindamycin had significantly fewer wound infections. As clindamycin is effective against anaerobes this observation supports the view that anaerobes play an important role in the infectious complications in peritonitis. In this series, 12 species of aerobes and eight species of anaerobes were cultured from peritoneal fluid. In eight patients only one species was isolated; in the remaining 39 patients 29 different combinations of bacteria were encountered. Early diagnosis and administration of antibiotics preoperatively or during surgery, including clindamycin, metronidazol or tinidazol is recommended in the treatment of children with appendicular peritonitis. PMID- 7340275 TI - [Renal injury--conservative or surgical management? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340276 TI - Experience of the Cohen method for ureteral reimplantation in complicated cases. AB - Thirty-seven infants and children (41 ureters), a majority with complicating factors (low age, neurogenic bladder, duplication, reoperative surgery), were treated with ureteral reimplantation according to Cohen. The results were good in 90% of the cases. Minor deviations from the original technique, i. e. Dexon instead of chromic catgut as suturing material, catheter splinting of ureter in only 40% and short length of submucosal tunnel in some cases, did not seem to have a negative influence on the results. The method, which is easy and safe to perform, is recommended, particularly in complicated cases. PMID- 7340277 TI - [Functional dynamics of obstructive ileal conduits in children (author's transl)]. AB - Bad late results following ileal conduit are usually caused by stomal obstruction. Poor emptying of the conduit, ureteric reflux and infection all combine to produce a pathological result. A manometric procedure to assess the functional performance of the conduit is presented. This allows for the diagnosis of early obstruction and decompensation. The most important measurements are a resting pressure of 1.2 kPa and the emptying pressure of 1.7 kPa and a compliance varying from 10 ml per kPa to 71 ml per kPa. The conduit must be isoperistaltic. PMID- 7340278 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of testicular torsion. AB - An ultrasonic technique to avoid errors in the diagnoses of acute testicular torsion is described. The presence or absence of intratesticular arterial pulsation was recorded and analysed. The technique may reduce diagnostic failures and the number of scrotal explorations of nontorquered testis. PMID- 7340279 TI - [Experience with surgery for varicocele in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 48 children who underwent high ligature of the internal spermatic vein for varicocele were re-examined. In one patient (2,1%) a hydrocele appeared postoperatively. In 30 boys (62,5%) the varicocele disappeared completely following surgery, in 18 patients (37,5%) the varicocele persisted which was in 9 boys only palpable and in another 9 boys clearly visible. High spermatic vein ligature according to Bernardi turned out to be a method providing good postoperative results and with few complications in childhood. In the case of persisting varicocele collateral veins should be considered and ligated in a second operation. PMID- 7340280 TI - Late presentation of left-sided congenital diaphragmatic (Bochdalek) hernia. AB - Two patient with late presentation of Bochdalek hernia are reported. The intraoperative findings strongly suggested a "plugging effect" of the spleen in the diaphragmatic defect, thus protecting for some time against herniation. The initial absence of respiratory symptoms indicates a normal development of the lungs in these cases of late herniation. PMID- 7340281 TI - Omphalocele and focal dermal hypoplasia. AB - A case of focal dermal hypoplasia associated with a giant omphalocele in a neonate is presented. The omphalocele was treated successfully by staged repair with Teflon mesh. The Teflon mesh was well incorporated into the fascial margins of the rectus muscle and the sac, and provided a stable abdominal wall for a long period of time. Focal dermal hypoplasia is a rare syndrome with widespread dysplasia of mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. Its most characteristic change in hypoplasia of the dermal connective tissue. From the experience of staged repair of omphalocele in this case, it seems that connective tissue reaction of the tissues is not deficient in this syndrome. This paper is the second case report of this syndrome with omphalocele in the world literature. PMID- 7340282 TI - Changes of contents of CO and water in blood exposed to heat - as to a possibility of estimating pre-exposure CO content of thermally coagulated blood on the basis of its water content. AB - A blood sample containing CO in a glass vessel was heated in a thermostated water bath at various temperatures for varying lengths of time to compare changes in CO and water contents. With higher temperatures and longer exposure periods the degrees of thermocoagulation advanced and the contents of CO and water decreased. At the individual temperatures examined, changes of CO and water contents showed significant correlations. However, with different temperatures regressions differed significantly. The above was considered to show that the temperature, to which a blood sample had been exposed, must be known for successful application of the water content method to estimate pre-exposure CO content of heat-exposed blood. However, this requirement is considered difficult to be met. PMID- 7340283 TI - The Sda blood group in human secretions. AB - The authors, employing the absorption-inhibition technique, have further extended their experiments on human biologic fluids to investigate the sid substance. It was located in tears, sweat, nasal and tracheobronchial mucus, cerebrospinal fluid, and in aqueous humor while it was not found in bile (in accordance with its absence in liver tissue). The authors emphasize the significance that the verification of the Sid substance may assume in forensic investigations with the purpose of individual diagnosis in stains of the above mentioned secretions, particularly tears, sweat, and nasal mucus. PMID- 7340284 TI - [Histoelectrophoresis for typifying enzyme systems from human body tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340285 TI - Alcohol and postural imbalance. A force plate study. AB - A total of 16 normal, medium sized persons were given 20 g of alcohol every hour for 4-5 h. This yielded blood alcohol concentrations between 0.1 mg/ml and 1.7 mg/ml (0.1-1.7%) during the 4-5 h of testing. By use of a computer-assisted force plate system, objective measurements of postural imbalance were performed each hour. An increasing postural imbalance was found at blood alcohol concentrations above 0.6 mg/ml (0.6%). The results illustrate the risk of intake of alcohol by people highly dependent on a safe standing position. PMID- 7340286 TI - ["Bolt projectiles" discharged from modified humane killers (author's transl)]. AB - Some common types of "humane killers" are supplied with rubber bushings and recoil springs holding back the bolt, which afterwards is rebound into the barrel. Removal of the rubber bush and withdrawal spring before firing can cause the bolt to break and become a free projectile. A suicide case is reported, in which a livestock stunner discharged a steel bolt penetrating the forehead and getting stuck in the skull. PMID- 7340287 TI - [Quantitative determination of mefexamide and its main degradation product desmethyl-mefexamide in human urine after ingestion of therapeutic doses (author's transl)]. AB - After oral ingestion of 400 mg Mefexamidehydrochloride for Mefexamide (I) and its main degradation product Desmethyl-Mefexamide (II) the following pharmakokinetic parameters have been determined: 1. Elimination of I and II follows 1st order kinetics. 2. Biological half-life t 1/2 for I is 4-6, for II 4.5-6.5 H. 3. Elimination rate constant for I and II is between 0.10 to 0.20 h-1. 4. 5-10% of the administered drug are excreted unchanged, 10-16% as Desmethyl-Mefexamide within 72 h after ingestion. 5. The described thinlayer chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methods allow detection of I and II for at least 72 h after application. 6. II is excreted free and conjugated in nearly equal amounts. PMID- 7340288 TI - [A remarkable case of suicide by electricity. (A contribution to the problem of Vital Reaction) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340289 TI - [Endourethral teflon injection for the treatment of urinary incontinence]. AB - Teflon was injected endourethrally in order to treat incontinence of the urinary bladder in 3 patients, by means of an injector constructed by the author. 2 patients with urodynamically ascertained stress-incontinence were continent after the injection, whereas in one patient suffering from incontinence after radical prostatectomy the result is to be considered unsatisfactory. The author's experience corresponds to reports previously published. PMID- 7340290 TI - [Metabolic and circulatory aspects of hypothermic perfusion of human kidney cancers]. AB - In this study a report is made on the hypothermal perfusion of 15 renal tumours. Protein synthesis by incorporation of 14C leucine, lipide synthesis by conversion of 14C mevalonic acid and the activity of the sodium-potassium pump by incubation of sections of tissue were used as parameters of the vitality of the tissue. Circulation was studied before and after perfusion by means of angiography and the microsphere technique. After 6 days of perfusion the tumour tissue is found to be less vital in comparison with the renal cortex. PMID- 7340291 TI - [The problem of the prognostic significance of perforations of the kidney hollow system and its vascular system; involvement of the lymphatic system and of surrounding organs in patients with hypernephroid kidney cancers]. AB - On the basis of 51 patients with a hypernephroid renal carcinoma the prognostic importance of the size of the tumour, of the infraction into the renal hollow system, the invasion of lymphatic and vascular system as well as of the border of the organ after tumour nephrectomy and a 5-year observation time was discussed. While the isolated infraction into the hollow system was not relevant in smaller tumours, it implies an additional prognostically negative factor in advanced tumours. In the same measure the invasion of renal capsule or perihilary tissue resulted in a prognostically negative factor. Invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels proved to be very bad prognostically and resulted in a decrease of the survival rate of about 2/3. The prognostically worst hint was the simultaneous infraction into various systems with a decrease of the survival rate of more than 3/4. PMID- 7340292 TI - [Calcium lithiasis I. Idiopathic or hypophosphatemic hypercalciuria? Vitamin D metabolism and orthophosphate therapy]. PMID- 7340294 TI - [Principles in the prevention of communicable diseases]. PMID- 7340293 TI - [Emergency medical care]. PMID- 7340295 TI - [Microbiological investigations with decentral dosing apparatuses for disinfectants. Part 1: investigations of cell number (author's transl)]. AB - Cell numbers have been investigated for several months in disinfectant solutions which were measured out with tap water by decentral automatically dosing apparatuses. They differed not only quantitatively but also qualitatively with respect to the products used: With one product on the bases of aldehydes + organic tin compound 3 h after samples have been collected up to 100 bacteria/100 ml could be cultivated. Thus, cell numbers in disinfectant solutions were in the same range of cell numbers of tap water. Sometimes the cell numbers in both substrates seem to go parallel (Fig. 1). The bacterial compositions in both were similar (Table 3); gramnegative, yellow bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium dominated. After the disinfectant in one apparatus has been substituted by one which is composed of aldehydes + a quaternary ammonium compound cell numbers rapidly and permanently decreased to the limit of detectability. Only coryneform bacteria survived for a longer time which were characterized (Tab. 4) but not determined taxonomically. Their facultatively methylotrophic growth was conspicuously. PMID- 7340296 TI - [Identification of bacteria from use-surface disinfectant solutions and their sensibility against disinfectants (author's transl)]. AB - The investigations are concerned with bacteria which had been isolated from use surface disinfectant solutions originated from 19 disinfection dosage apparatus of different hospitals and from 8 taps of a centralised disinfection dosage apparatus in an other hospital. The greatest part of the isolated bacteria belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Beyond it there were yellow-pigmented bacteria like Xanthomonas, Flavobacterium and Micrococcus. After subculture on solid peptone-containing media most of the isolated bacteria turned out to be sensitive to the disinfection solutions in a concentration range, that had been applied in the dosage apparatus. The examination of 6 disinfectants showed, that there were considerable differences in the efficiency to kill the bacteria. Even one preparation pointed out to be absolutely ineffective at applied concentrations. PMID- 7340297 TI - [Investigations on the survival of fecal bacteria in experiments with and without sediment addition (author's transl)]. AB - The time of survival of a wastewater bacterial community in brackish water was determined under controlled environmental conditions. Laboratory experiments in flasks were carried out with a seawater/wastewater mixture from a sewage outfall in the Kiel Bight with and without addition of sediment. The sediment samples were used native or sterilized by autoclaving for the experiments. The number of total and fecal coliforms, enterococci and saprophytic bacteria were determined by plate counts or by the membranefiltration method. A continuous decrease of all enteric bacteria was found in the water column (Fig. 1 and 2), this decrease was much slower in experiments with sediment addition in the culture vessels, especially when the sediment had been sterilized (Fig. 3). The results of the saprophytic bacteria counts did not show such a clear tendency. It was shown that the bacteria got into the sediment and survived there longer than in the water column (Fig. 4 and 5). The saprophytic and even the total coliform bacteria multiply in sterilized sediment probably due to the higher content of easy digestible organic nutrients. PMID- 7340298 TI - [Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking water. 9. Communication: experimental examination of cement mortar for the lining with tiles (author's transl)]. AB - The observation of a microbial growth in form of macrocolonies upon the joints of a tiled drinking water reservoir caused the microbiological testing of different pure mineral and some plastic containing cement mortar. Besides the conditions allowing the growth of macrocolonies on tiled plates with a construction like in a reservoir were examined. PMID- 7340299 TI - [Comparison between urodynamic findings obtained prior to and during treatment of women for urinary urge incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this study are urodynamic findings obtained prior to and during treatment of women for urinary urge incontinence. Cystometry was found to be highly suitable for diagnosis of this form of incontinence. - The same methods should be re-used for verification of the findings and for comparable results. The findings obtained are discussed together with information derived from literature. PMID- 7340300 TI - [Indication for and methods of sling operations (author's transl)]. AB - Sling operations are considered to be highly dependable approaches to stress incontinence. While they used to reserved primarily for recurrent incontinence, in the past, today, they often are applied as primary approach, either alone or in conjunction with uterus extirpation. The reasons underlying such change are explained by the present and past distributions of operations for incontinence at the Gyneacological Hospital of Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin. Indications can now be established with higher accuracy due to the availability of urometry. Urge incontinence or combined stress-urge incontinence with predominance of the urge component as well as assisted detrusor micturation are contra-indications. Useful information sometimes, may be derived from the presence of uninhibited detrusor contractions provoked by means of a Foley catheter. If at least some improvement is to be achieved of predominant stress incontinence, synthetic sling material should not be used. In the context of surgical peculiarities, neck is underlined for removing cystoceles and adjusting the sling to the bladder neck region. Diazepam, alpha-receptor blocker and/or cholinergics should be used to handle postoperative disorders of micturition. Postoperative urine flow studies are of limited value. Successful micturition without residual urine is the decisive criterion by which to measure the result of a sling approach. Sling operations should be confined to large well equipped and properly staffed hospitals for the diagnostic input involved, surgical peculiarities, and risk of postoperative disorders of micturition. PMID- 7340301 TI - [Method of colpo-urethrocystography. Part III: Pros and contras on use of barium sulphate suspensions in cystography for diagnosis of urinary incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - There have been various reports in the literature on the use of barium-sulphate suspensions in cystography for radiological diagnosis of urinary incontinence in women. The advantages of barium-sulphate are compared with risks of its use in this paper. Equally good results without risk can be achieved by means of water soluble iodic contrast media. The authors, being aware of the higher expenses involved in their proposal, recommend to use for cystography only water-soluble iodic contrast media. PMID- 7340302 TI - [Foundations for differential cytology of cervical changes. 2. Benign changes (author's transl)]. AB - Causative relationships between various benign changes of the uterine cervix are discussed with reference to literature, and resulting cytomorphological substrates are presented in illustrations. Cytomorphological pictures obtained from good preparation practice often have been helpful in drawing proper conclusions as to causes of benign changes and in clarifying clinical patterns or portio changes which escaped macroscopic elucidation. Such changes may include inflammatory or degenerative lesions of differentiated aetiology, metaplastic processes in so-called transformation zones or at squamocolumnar junctions or abnormal cornification. As a rule, benign changes may be delimitated from atypical cell changes by the examiner who is aware of all direct and indirect cytological criteria. PMID- 7340303 TI - [Foundations for differential cytology of cervical changes. 3. Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (author's transl)]. AB - Reference is made in this paper to cytomorphological definitions as well as to epidemiological, aetiological, and pathogenetic aspects of cervical carcinomas and pertinent precancerous changes. Cytological criteria, including cytometric data of dysplastic changes, are compared to aspects of cervical carcinomas, and typical pictures are presented of various lesions. Measured cytological data proved to be suitable not only for objectivation of descriptive morphological findings, but they were found to be also useful aids for decision-making in differential cytology.--Diagnostic accuracy in the context of both dysplasias and cervical carcinomas can be in excess of 90 per cent, depending on good preparation practice and adequate diagnostic skill of the examiner. PMID- 7340304 TI - [Colposcopically "suspicious" and atypical findings from portio vaginalis uteri of women in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper is the phenomenon of "suspicious" colposcopic findings and their histomorphological relevance, with reference being made to colpophotographic follow-up checks of pregnant women over several years. Colposcopy has been upgraded, in recent time, and it is against this background that its potential efficacy and limitations are assessed and compared to cytological techniques, on the basis of "suspicious" colposcopic findings. A general assessment also is made of the diagnostic expectations which can be hinged on either method of tracing. Twenty in 450 cases of carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia were combined with processes of pregnancy, between 1962 and 1979, among them four cases which had been under colposcopic and cytological monitoring. In two of these cases constant behaviour of the epithelium was established up to postpartal or postabortal confirmation by cytograms, while the other two cases were thought to be attributable to gestational developments, with tissue being suspicious or progressive growth. PMID- 7340305 TI - [Cytological assessment of buccal mucous membrane in newborns (author's transl)]. AB - Karyopycnotic and keratinisation indices were determined in buccal smears which had been taken from newborns. An assessment was made of 239 smears which had been obtained from newborns in their first eight weeks of age, with the probands being subdivided into two groups, depending on breast feeding and feeding on powdered milk (Ki-Na).--Both indices were extremely high on the first day after birth, but they declined up to the eighth or 14th days of age which was attributed to postnatal reduction of high foetal oestrogen levels. Both indices then went up, with some difference being recordable between the two groups, depending on the modes of feeding. The keratinisation index of the breast-feeding group was much higher than that of the Ki-Na group, on account of very high oestrogen levels in breast milk, between the fourth and seventh days from delivery, with consequences on mucous membrane proliferation. The keratinisation index declined gradually along with oestrogen drop of breast milk and turned to be equal to that of the Ki Na group, eight weeks after delivery.--Proliferation of buccal mucous membrane and its importance to efficient defence against infection during the first four weeks of age are discussed. PMID- 7340306 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340307 TI - [Oxyuriasis of uterine tube (author's transl)]. AB - Salpingitis is very rarely caused by parasites on our latitudes. An account is given of a case of oxyuriasis of the uterine tube which led to tubal occlusion with secondary sterility. Pathogenetically, oxyuriasis of the uterine tube can be defined as ascending infection. In terms of case history, the patient and other members of her family had been afflicted for years with intestinal oxyuriasis. PMID- 7340308 TI - A comparison of analgesic ablative and stimulation techniques. AB - In a comprehensive evaluation of the literature one finds that some of the older surgical pain operations show good results when applied critically. In case of malignant basic diseases, the destructive methods should be used. Central pain conditions are better influenced by the stimulation methods. For trigeminal neuralgia and radicular pain, peripheral procedures are advisable; only when these fail to show the desired results, central methods should be employed. Although the destructive methods show a higher rate of complications, the number of complications occurring in the stimulation methods should not be underestimated. Finally the costs of the stimulation units for suppression of pain which is required for only a few weeks or months appear to be very high, so that a decision is necessary in each individual case. PMID- 7340309 TI - Vascular factor and temporal epilepsy. PMID- 7340310 TI - [The function of the cerebrospinal fluid space. Part II]. PMID- 7340311 TI - [Localization of brain tumors in autopsy. Part I: Tumors of the temporal lobe]. AB - Among the 54946 post-mortem examinations carried out by the Pathological Institute of the Medical Academy of Erfurt in the years 1953 to 1976 with a total of 1491 DNS-tumours (2.7%), the temporal lobe was involved in the following 10 types of tumours: glioblastoma, ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, plexus papilloma, tumour-like gliosis, sarcoma, angioma and angioblastoma, epidermoid tumour, teratoma. Only tumours that had formed in the cerebral tissue proper were evaluated, so that meningiomas and other tumours of the meninges or tumours of the meninges in the middle cranial fossa were left out of consideration. In a total of 949 cases of the above mentioned 10 tumours types, the temporal lobe was involved in 327 (34.5%) cases; these were mainly astrocytomas and glioblastomas (86.5%). Only 63 of the 327 tumours (19.3%) were exclusively located in the temporal lobe. The age peak of the occurrence of temporal lobe tumours was in the 6th decennium. The male showed with 55.4 per cent a slightly greater incidence. CLinically, the left-sided temporal lobe tumours with 79 per cent of the observations were found more frequently than the right-sided ones (67%). Accordingly, left-sided tumours were operated on more frequently (49%) than tumours on the right-hand side (40%). PMID- 7340312 TI - [The covering of trephination defects using deep frozen auto-bone]. PMID- 7340313 TI - Ependymomas extending into both lateral ventricles: CT-diagnosis and operability. AB - Two ependymomas in adults, extending into both lateral ventricles have been reported. The final diagnosis was achieved by cranial computed tomography. This was particularly important in the first case while the clinical course and the previous diagnostic methods as angiography and isotope scintigraphy were misleading, suggesting a demyelinating process. This patient died because of a rare complication: intraoperatively evolved extradural, frontobasal hematoma which diagnosed again by CT-scan, but the removal of the hematoma was not performed on due time. In the second case a similar, but larger tumor could be removed successfully after CT diagnosis. The importance of CT-scan in diagnosis and operative decision of intraventricular tumors was emphasized. PMID- 7340314 TI - [Morbidity and mortality of skull-brain traumas in a middle-sized industrial city. A 5 year study]. PMID- 7340315 TI - [Extrapyramidal disorders in ischemic strokes]. AB - The clinical picture of the extrapyramid disturbances was examined in 52 patients with hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis who had suffered an ischemic cerebral stroke. In 40 cases electromyographic, and in 26 cases pathomorphological examinations were performed. The extrapyramid disturbances are demonstrated with reference to the affection of one or another vascular basin. In ischemic strokes associated with circulatory disorders in the carotid artery basin the following variants of the extrapyramid disturbances were revealed : a) contralateral extrapyramid-pyramid syndrome; b) homolateral extrapyramid syndrome; c) hyperkinetic syndrome. In ischemic strokes due to circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilar basin the disturbances revealed were: extrapyramid-pyramid-pseudobulbar syndrome (a variant of Filimonov's syndrome) and akinetic rigidity syndrome. The results of the above clinico-physiological examinations were compared with pathoanatomical findings. This comparison has made it possible to expand to a certain extent and concepts about the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the complicate clinical picture of the extrapyramid disturbances developed in ischemic cerebral stroke. PMID- 7340317 TI - [Forms of cerebrovascular pathology complicating different stages of pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 7340316 TI - [Value of electroencephalography in the differential diagnosis of temporal and hypothalamic paroxysms]. PMID- 7340318 TI - [Recognition of the emotional and prosodic characteristics of voice and complex nonverbal sounds by patients with local brain lesions]. AB - Under examination there were 69 patients with cerebral cortex pathologies of various localization. Use was made of five speech tests and three non-speech ones that required identification or comparison of the sounds. it was found that all the patients had difficulties in discerning the emotional aspect of a speech communication, these difficulties being especially great in patients with disturbances of the speech, writing and reading. Maximal difficulties in fulfilling the requirements of the tests were revealed in patients with the temporal localization of the pathological foci. It is supposed that the emotional colouring of speech is discerned owing to a joint activity of a number of cortical zones in which the temporal divisions play the leading role. PMID- 7340319 TI - [Pathogenesis of headache following lumbar puncture]. AB - Results of clinical observations of 52 patients in whom diagnostic lumbar punctures were performed for various organic diseases of the nervous system are presented. The work was aimed at finding out, whether the rather frequent post puncture headaches depend on the tone of the cerebral vessels and their blood content. For this purpose rheoencephalography was used. An analysis of the rheoencephalograms recorded before and after the lumbar punctures in 15 patients with and in 35 patients without the post-puncture headaches showed that the headaches did not depend on the initial tone of the cerebral vessels and their blood content. Hence, these headaches are not due to vasomotor disturbances. Of decisive importance in their pathogenesis is, probably, intracranial fluid hypotension. PMID- 7340320 TI - [Glial migration inhibition test in multiple sclerosis patients and its changes during treatment with immunosuppressants]. AB - Results of examining the blood serum of 90 patients with disseminated sclerosis, 94 patients with other nervous diseases, and 20 healthy subjects using the glia migration inhibition test are presented. It is shown that the index of the glia migration inhibition (IGMI) gets higher during exacerbation of the disseminated sclerosis and drops in cases of relative stabilization of the clinical manifestations and remission. In the course of treatment with immunodepressants, such as, prednisolone (alone, or in combination with cyclophosphan) and antilymphocytic immunoglobulin, the IGMI falls down. Possible use of the IGMI for determining the indications for the immunodepressant therapy and for solving differential diagnostic and therapy control problems is discussed. PMID- 7340321 TI - [Double protein-cerebrospinal fluid test for the identification of blood contaminants in bloody cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - Results of determining the total protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used for the first time for identifying the character of the blood presence in a blood-containing fluid. A new, so-called double protein-CSF test is offered. For performing this test approximately equal volumes of the fluid are placed in a series (but not less than three) test-tubes. The results of determining the total protein content in the first and the last portions of the CSF are compared. If there is a pathological admixture of blood in the CSF the increase of the protein content in the first and the last portions will be identical, whereas in cases of artifact admixtures the protein content in the last portion is lower by no less than one third. PMID- 7340322 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the method of studying the H-reflex in the diagnosis of nervous system diseases]. PMID- 7340324 TI - [Analysis of discrepancies between clinical and pathoanatomic diagnoses based on reports from the Rostov Neurosurgical Clinic (1949-1978)]. PMID- 7340323 TI - [Tunnel neuropathy of the radial nerve in the elbow region]. AB - Symptoms of tunnel pathologies of the radial nerve in the ulnar region were analyzed in 39 patients (48 arms). Of importance in the tunnel neuropathy development is an overstrain of the short radial extensor of the wrist and the supinator which are in a close anatomical contact with the radial nerve branches. The affection of the radial nerve manifests in a sharp painfulness on the lateral surface of the ulnar region. The pains irradiate in the distal direction. Sensitivity disturbances within the autonomous zone innervated by the radial nerve were revealed in 17, and a moderate paresis of the wrist and finger extensors in 18 patients. When the epicondylar branch was involved, the secondary syndrome of lateral epicondylitis developed: this was observed in 34 patients. In 17 patients a deceleration of the impulse transmission along the efferent fibres of the radial nerve was observed. The treatment consisted in paraneural injection of hydrocortisone emulsion and radial nerve decompression. PMID- 7340325 TI - [Comparative analysis of attitude to one's own physical appearance in healthy subjects and patients with dysmorphophobic-dysmorphomanic disorders]. PMID- 7340326 TI - [Personal reactions of men and women to oncologic disease]. AB - The authors carried out clinical and psychological examinations of 50 men and 50 women suffering from malignant tumours of the lower extremities before and after the operation (amputation of the affected extremity). The patients remained under observation for a year and a half. In all the patients reactive states were diagnosed the clinical picture and the time course of which has substantial differences in the male and the female groups. In the men the violent onset of the reactive state gave place first to a relative compensation and then to a depressive-hypochondriacal development of the personality. In the women the reaction was noted 3 to 4 months after the operation, and later they developed psychopathy-like disturbances. PMID- 7340327 TI - [Relation between development of the motives for acute suicidal reactions and the course of patients' lives]. AB - Under examination there were 70 subjects who had attempted suicide. The probands showed acute situational reactions. The motives to the suicidal attempts and their relation to the probands' systems of values were examined. It was found that inability to settle adequately some conflicts was due to pathological traits in the character of those persons, as well as to their improper education. Psychogenic situations that touched on vulnerable features of the patients' personality provoked decompensation in the form of the suicidal attempts. The author revealed 57 factors of suicide risk and developed a method for determining the probability of primary and repeated suicidal reactions. PMID- 7340328 TI - [Clinico-pathophysiologic characteristics of general sensation in patients with neurasthenia and hysterical neuroses]. AB - The authors have found that disturbances of general sensitivity are characteristic of not only patients with hysterical neurosis, but also of patients with neurasthenia. The clinical structure and the time course of those disturbances in both groups of the patients were found to be rather close. In general, they differ substantially from the sensitivity disturbances in neuroses described earlier. The leading mechanism of the development of those sensitivity disturbances consists in an impairment of the function of the limbico-reticular complex structures. PMID- 7340329 TI - [Features of the cognitive activity of end-stage chronic renal failure patients]. AB - Under examination there were 27 patients with chronic renal insufficiency at various stages of hemodialysis treatment. The results obtained point to an impairment of the cognitive activity that manifested in exhaustability, apathy, working capacity fluctuations and memory deterioration due to a greater retroactive inhibition. An impairment of the operational aspect of the cognitive activity manifested in a lowering of the level of generalization and appearance (in cases of difficulties) of morbid philosophizing of the "operational weakness compensation" type. The disturbance of the motivation component of the psychic activity manifested in both distortion of the generalization processes and an inadequate position of the patient during the examination. It is concluded that the disturbances of the cognitive activity observed in the patients with chronic renal insufficiency should be considered in indissoluble connection with their personality changes. PMID- 7340330 TI - [Features of memorization disorders in different variants of endogenous depression]. AB - Under study there were psychological processes underlying the deterioration of the memorizing effectiveness in patients with manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia. The author examined 96 patients with melancholic, anxious and apathic depressions. For examining the qualitative peculiarities of the mnestic activity use was made of methods of memorizing 10 works and of pictograms. The results of the experiment were analyzed on the basis of the mnestic activity theory suggested by A. R. Luria. As a result, it has been shown that the deterioration of the memorizing effectiveness in the patients with the melancholic depressions was due to a simplification and impoverishment of the mnestic processes; in patients with the anxious depressions it was due to disturbances of the coordination of those processes, and in patients with the apathic depressions to a distortion of the mnestic process quality. PMID- 7340331 TI - [Problem of the etiology of schizophrenic pathomorphosis]. AB - The forms of schizophrenia course and syndromal picture were compared in 828 patients with consideration for the birth-place of their parents. In a group of 212 patients originating from isolocal marriages more frequent were the progressing course, as well as the simple and the catatonic forms of the disease. Among 616 patients originating from heterolocal marriages a greater frequency of the paroxysmal course and the paranoid form was observed. The increase of the population heterogeneity as a result of migration processes is one of the factors contributing to greater variation of schizophrenia forms. PMID- 7340332 TI - [Various principles in the psychological rehabilitation of alcoholics]. AB - In recent-year literary publications dealing with the problem of alcoholism treatment the authors exhibit a revival of the interest of the patient's personality. The thesis on principal insufficiency of medicinal treatment only recognized now by most researchers leads one to a conclusion that the alcoholic's personality should be an object of a special study aimed at its subsequent correction. On the basis of a psychological analysis of the two known phenomena of alcoholism a hypothesis on the decisive role of the thought orientation in determining the essence of an alcoholic's personality is suggested. The author describes general principles and special approaches to the post-correction work with alcoholics. These principles and approaches are aimed at acting upon the alcoholic's personality by way of reforming its activity. General psychological aspects of the problem of correcting the alcoholic's personality are discussed from the standpoints of L. S. Vygotsky's school. PMID- 7340333 TI - [Attempt at standardizing A. R. Luriia's tests in the USA]. PMID- 7340334 TI - Affinity labeling of ribosomes from the livers of different vertebrates by 2 nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-phe-tRNA. AB - Ribosomal protein L 10 from the livers of trout, hen, and rat was found to be the main target for 2-Nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-Phe-tRNA in affinity labeling experiments. Therefore, despite somewhat different electrophoretic mobilities, this protein seems to be involved in the organization of the peptidyl transferase centre in ribosomes of various vertebrates. PMID- 7340335 TI - Reevaluation of membrane binding of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2). AB - Data concerning membrane binding of glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) have been reexamined with respect to the following experimental conditions: 1. Haemolysis and membrane preparation; 2. influence of nonionic detergents (Triton X-100, Lubrol PX). Haemolysis and membrane preparations performed at physiological ionic strength, and reduced glutathione concentration do not give any evidence for binding of GSSG-R to the erythrocyte membrane. Under hypotonic conditions of ghost preparation about 2% of the total cellular GSSG-R activity are membrane bound, indicating weak enzyme association at low ionic strength only. PMID- 7340336 TI - Phospholipid content and phospholipid fatty acid composition of red blood cells in enzyme defect hemolytic anemias. AB - The content and distribution of phospholipids (PL) in red blood cells (RBC) of PK and of G6PD deficiency were found to differ in both disorders. RBC immaturity could not be excluded as reason for PL alterations in PK deficiency. The relative diminution of phosphatidylethanolamine in G6PD deficiency may be connected with the enzyme depletion in this disorder and its influence on the PL of RBC membranes. Moist or all fatty acid deviations seem to be conditioned by RBC immaturity. Nearly all PL fatty acid aberrations in G6PD deficiency RBC were observed also in PK deficiency RBC. Additional deviations of PL fatty acids in PK deficiency RBC may be caused by the stronger immaturity of the cells in this disorder. PMID- 7340337 TI - Action of rat liver cathepsin L on glucagon. AB - The proteolytic specificity of cathepsin L on glucagon was determined. Major cleavages are found between Thr7 and Ser8, Asp15 and Ser16, and between Met27 and Asn28. The bonds Ser11-Lys12, Val23-Gln24, and Gln24-Trp25 are hydrolyzed to a relatively low extent only. Whereas cathepsin B hydroxyzes glucagon at the C terminus by a peptidyldipeptidase mechanism, cathepsin L cleaves the same substrate clearly as endopeptidase. PMID- 7340338 TI - [Polarization optical investigations for the demonstration of a "sialomucin coat" at the surface of the chorionic epithelium of the rabbit placenta in relation to the stage of pregnancy]. AB - Histological, histochemical, fluorescence optical and polarization microscopical investigations were performed in 53 placentas of rabbits from the 10th to the 35th day of pregnancy. A "sialomucin coat" could be demonstrated in all cases at the maternal surface of the metabolic barrier of the placenta. Polarization optical measurements after association with N,N'-diethylpseudoisocyanine chloride showed a lower content of sialic acid at the surface of the trophoblast in postmature placentas of rabbits in comparison to normal mature placentas. The immunological function of the placental barrier is discussed with respect to maturity. PMID- 7340339 TI - Acoustically evoked potentials in the visual cortex and superior coliculus of the freely moving rat and their variability. AB - Hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain with chronically implanted electrodes in the visual cortex (VC, area 17), superior colliculus (CS), olfactory bulb (BO) and the prefrontal cortex (FC) were stimulated by series of 20 clicks (0.4 per s) during spontaneous behaviour. Different behavioural patterns were identified and classified by observation, recorded movement patterns, respiration rate and EEG patterns. Averaged acoustically evoked potentials in the visual system showed reproducible changes of all their components in correlation to behavioural patterns. Components N10 and N32 in the CS, resp. N14 and N32 in the VC changed differently during behavioural activation. The early negative component did not decrease while the later ones became significantly smaller during progressive activation, except during attentive behaviour in which they were facilitated. From the results can be concluded that a great number of neurons in the visual system of the rat should be involved in heteromodal information processing which is modified in correlation to the changing behavioural pattern. PMID- 7340340 TI - The effects of hypoxia on the pacemaker activity of the isolated atria from fed and fasted rats. AB - When exposed to hypoxia, the spontaneously beating isolated atria from 24 h fasted rats exhibited a greater decline of their contraction frequency than those from fed rats. Furthermore, in a significant number of the fasted atria, hypoxia led to a complete cessation of pacemaker activity. Addition of insulin improved the performance of fed atria but was ineffective in the fasted atria. Lactate output, both in the presence or absence of added insulin was greater in the atria from fed rats. The extent of glycogen breakdown was similar in both groups of atria. It is suggested that these effects of fasting on pacemaker activity might at least partly have resulted from an inhibition of the glucose utilization under hypoxic conditions. Since fasted atria use faster their endogenous triglycerides, the present observations support the notion that fatty acids are detrimental to the heart during oxygen restriction. PMID- 7340341 TI - Effects of iodoacetic acid on relaxation parameters of the rabbit papillary muscle. AB - Measurements have been made of isometric contractions and diastolic oscillations (after-contractions) in right ventricular rabbit papillary muscles at a temperature of 14.5 degrees C. The relaxation courses can be described as damped harmonic oscillations superposed on an exponential descending carrier function by using a model with six parameters. The influence of iodoacetic acid (10(-4) M) was investigated on contraction and relaxation parameters which result from approximation of the measured force values. The following changes were observed: 1. Decrease of the contraction height as well as of the amplitudes of diastolic oscillations. 2. Increase in the damping ratio and in the period of diastolic oscillations both calculated from relaxation parameters. 3. Diminution of the force range which is passed by the carrier function within 6 s of relaxation time accompanied by a transition to contracture. A fast and a slow Ca sequestration process are supposed to exist. The results indicate that both of them are influenced by iodoacetic acid. PMID- 7340342 TI - Habituation of visually evoked potentials in children with brain damage sustained during early childhood. AB - In 21 boys with normal brains and 34 boys who had sustained brain lesions during early childhood the time course of habituation of the vertex response was studied. All boys showed normal intelligence and were aged between 9 and 11. Boys were tested under different experimental conditions using periodic and aperiodic flash-stimuli at constant intensities (1.2 J). The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the prominent N1-P1 and P1-N2 component were measured. A gradual decrease of the amplitude was observed as a function of the stimulus program and the duration of the experiment. A significant, more rapid habituation was observed in boys with early brain damage. These results suggest that the capacity of tonic activation is disturbed in children with brain-organically impaired performance. PMID- 7340343 TI - [Disturbance of liver blood flow in uremic children]. PMID- 7340344 TI - [Use of 125I-labeled antigens (Pasteurella multocida) in vivo]. PMID- 7340345 TI - Synthesis and binding to tubulin of an allocolchicine spin probe. AB - A spin probe for the colchicine binding site on tubulin has been synthesized from allocolchicine. The probe is competitive to colchicine with an apparent inhibition constant of 11 microM while allocolchicine has an inhibition constant of 2 microM. Microtubule assembly is inhibited to 50% by 7 microM of the spin probe. As a mitotic poison the spin probe is less potent than colchicine. These data suggest that the probe binds to the same site on tubulin as colchicine and in spite of the somewhat lower efficiency, it seems to be a valuable tool for the study of the microtubule system. PMID- 7340346 TI - The specific activity of purified mammalian ornithine decarboxylase is in accordance with the theoretical value of a pure enzyme. PMID- 7340347 TI - [The value of contrast lymphography in the planning of abdominal surgery]. AB - Contrast lymphography is a significant diagnostic method for metastatic changes discovery in lymph nodes of pelvic and abdominoretroperitoneal area. Preoperatively it enables surgeon to plan the surgical treatment, and postoperatively it is indispensable for the successful treatment and radiotherapy planning. From 1965-1977. yrs. 325 contrast lymphographies were accomplished. The patients with urinary bladder and rectum carcinomas were examined. The ones with pelvic and long bones tumors were presented too, because of the congruent lymph supply and insufficient reviews in literature. Lymphographically visible metastases were pathologically proved in more than 80% of cases. For better visibility of lymph nodes during the surgical treatment, in 100 cases, chromolymphography was applied. There were no complications before or after the performance of the method. In less visible changes, supplementary researches should be accomplished to make the changes interpretation more reliable. PMID- 7340348 TI - [Acute experimental (endogenous) hepatic coma and the clinical syndrome of acute hepatocellular injury]. AB - In search of the adequate experimental model for creating endogenous coma, the characteristics of which would be identical to the clinical picture of acute hepatic coma in men, the ischaemic method of experimentally originated acute endogenous hepatic coma was applied. The experiment was carried out on 12 dogs in which the terminolateral portocaval shunt with ligation of all the collateral of the arterial irrigation leading to the liver was performed, while the double ligation was performed on the hepatic artery. After the animals had emerged from the postoperative state of shock, the hepatic artery was ligated in local anesthesia and the created state was controlled by clinical observations and laboratory tests. Experimentally created acute endogenous hepatic coma achieved by applying ischaemic method proved to be a good model. Its true value manifested itself in the clinical picture as well as in the laboratory findings which resembled considerably the state of acute hepatic coma in men. PMID- 7340349 TI - The use of oesophageal pH-monitoring for the evaluation of gastrooesophageal reflux after resection of the cardia and total gastrectomy. AB - We intended to estimate the applicability of oesophageal pHmetry for the evaluation and diagnosis of reflux oesophagitis after resection of the cardia and total gastrectomy. We applied the system of glass calomel electrode type GK 282 C (Radiometer-Kopenhagen). The pH probe was introduced transnasally in the remnant of the stomach or into the jejunum. Its position was controlled by fluoroscopy. Then the probe was drawn for 5 cm subsequently to the final position of 5 to 10 cm above the oesophagogastric or oesophagojejunal anastomosis. During the examination the patients were sitting or lying backward. Afterwards the reflux was provocated by Valsalva's and Muller's maneuvers and in head down position. If necessary the patient swallowed 50 cc. of 0,1 N HCl solution. We examined 37 patients. Among 29 patients after gastrooesophageal resection the reflux was stated in 18 cases (in 6 cases faint in 3 moderate and in 9 severe). The proof of the reflux failed in all 8 cases after total gastrectomy. In these cases the method is unsuitable for the evaluation of jejunooesophageal reflux because of a too fast passage of the swallowed 0,1 N HCl solution through the jejunum. It prevents the creation of the necessary acidity gradient between the oesophagus and the jejunum during the examination. We proved by this method the reflux in 14 out of 24 patients with regurgitation in the history and in 4 out of 11 without it. We consider the method to be safe, simple and successful in the assessment of gastrooesophageal reflux which must be evaluated in combination with the results of clinical, X-ray and endoscopical examinations. PMID- 7340350 TI - [Humeral fractures complicated by radial nerve lesions]. AB - In the period of 1966-1975 the authors treated 228 patients with a fractures of diaphysis of humerus, 103 of whom underwent surgery; in 36 of them a paralysis of the radial nerve occurred. These 36 patients were divided into two groups: primary lesions (22 cases) which were discovered during hospitalization, and secondary lesions which occurred in postoperative course. The aim of clinical research with the primary lesion (respectively 22 patients) was to ascertain which method would have the best effect. In 77,2% of these patients, a radial nerve was not interrupted, while in 13.6% its continuity was partially preserved, and only in 9.09% a complete interruption occurred. Complete recovery of the nerve was in 50% of patients, 22.7% had a small conduction deficit, while its paralysis was further present in 18.8% of cases. Accordingly to this, the authors attained an excellent and very good results in 59% of patients, while in the remaining 41% of cases the results was satisfactory. It has been established that primary lesions of radial nerve has been occurring in 7.64% of cases (similar date do exist in reviewed reports), and in the majority of patients a spontaneously recovery will occur in the course of 2-3 months. Therefore the authors are not for a primary exploration of n.radialis if it is a question of closed fractures. In rare cases with interruption of the radial nerve with extensive contusions of both simultaneously interrupted nervous stumps a primary suture is not indicated. Therefore an eventual surgical exploration to establish whether an interruption of the nerve exists, does not contribute to attain recovery. PMID- 7340351 TI - [Results in the reconstruction of the pyeloureteral segment using the Anderson Hynes method]. AB - In an introduction the authors take into consideration the term Hydronephrosis and then they reviewed indications for a correction-repair of a pyelo-ureteral segment. There is shortly presented what is to be expected from an "ideal" procedure for a such reconstruction and then the operative technique of Anderson Hynes method is described. They have operated on 37 patients using this procedure and according to X-ray finding (Degree of dilatation of calices and pyelon) patients were divided into four groups. Of primary importance in the evaluation of end results are: X-ray finding, urine analysis and subjective feeling. According to these criteria an excellent result has been attained in 15 patients, very good in 5, rather good in 8, while in 4 the result was bad; 5 patients were lost to follow-up. PMID- 7340352 TI - [Gnathopalatoplasty as a single operation in unilateral cheilognathopalatoschisis]. AB - Following the cheiloplastic operation at the age of six months and the veloplastic operation in the 12th month of the child's age, the cleft remained in the alveolar crest and in the hard palate. Experience has shown that the closure of the a hard palate is already in the third year of the child's age suitable and does not effect its development-and even has many advantages. Thus we simultaneously close the cleft in the alveolar crest and in the hard palate. The closure of the nasal layer, all along its length, is not a problem. The mouth is shut by three flaps. The palatine flap is prepared by Trauner's modification. Simultaneously is prepared Burian's mucous flap in the vestibule. By the combination and suturing of the three flaps a tight closure of the gnathoschisis and palatoschisis is obtained. The closure of the cleft in the alveolar crest and in the hard palate are combined to make only one intervention. The remaining communications between the mouth cavity and nasal cavity were not perceived. The palate is long enough. PMID- 7340354 TI - [Recurrent ulcers in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. AB - Authors present a case of recurrent duodenal ulcer on the basis of Zollinger Ellison syndrome. After two operations: vagotomy and gastric resection, it appear a gastrojejunocolic fistula produced by marginal ulceration following gastroenterostomy. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is proved with echotomography of pancreas, examinations of gastrin, whose levels was high, as well as with examination of gastric secretion and biopsy of gastric mucosa. A total gastrectomy is performed as the safest surgical procedure, because all other operative treatments as vagotomy and resection's methods are of no help. Patient has recovered quickly after the operation with substitutional therapy. There was no more oedema, diarrhea, and he has recovered his working quality. PMID- 7340353 TI - [Treatment of infected ventriculo-atrial shunts]. AB - The paper presents the incidence of infection observed in 108 patients subjected to ventriculoatrial shunting at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre of Ljubljana. Infection was established in 17 (15.8%) Pudenz's shunts. It is most likely to develop within the first year following the shunt implantation. The most common clinical symptom associated with the shunt infection is an obscure, moderately elevated body temperature (about 38 degrees C) of several weeks duration. The infected shunt should be removed without delay and replaced by external ventricular drainage with an uniflow valve and an added piece for the intraventricular administration of the antibiotic. Before the results of the cerebrospinal fluid and drainage system cultures are known, the Methicillin therapy of 200 mg/kg daily should be initiated and followed by the adequate antibiotic therapy consistent with the culture findings. Should the antibiotic therapy administered by this route fail to control the infection, additional intraventricular instillation is to be instituted. PMID- 7340355 TI - [Cecal perforation due to a closed loop type of colonic obstruction]. AB - From a series of 62 patients with mechanical and vascular obstructions of bowels treated at this surgical department in last 5 years, the author presents 2 female patients with neglected malignoma of the sigmoid. In one of them with clinical picture of ileus (anamnesis two years) at operation a perforation of the coecum and consequent diffuse peritonitis was found. The other woman was hospitalized in the early period of her bowel troubles, but was treated as a perityphyltic abscess and consequently an appendectomy has been carried out, without exploration of the sigmoid. She has later been re-operated upon because of ileus and then, also, a perforation of the coecum was confirmed with advanced peritonitis so that it was too late to help her. The author insists on an accurate diagnosis and believes it possible a radical operation should always carried out. PMID- 7340356 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration. A case report]. PMID- 7340358 TI - [Nomenclature of electrical phenomena of the skin]. PMID- 7340357 TI - [Echinococcosis of the heart]. AB - Although echinococcosis in different parts of the world and also in some sheep raising regions of our country belongs to a pretty frequent parasitary entity, the localisation of hydatid cyst in cardiac muscle is relatively rare: according to different authors it amounts only to 0,02-2% of all the echinococcoses. Heyat and al. in their cummulative world statistic up to 1971 collected only 118 surgically treated cases. The problematic of this pathology is presented. Beside a proper in extracorporeal circulation successfully operated case of an echinococcosis of the left ventricle, recent possibilities of exact preoperative localisation with the aid of coronarography and left ventricular cineangiography are presented. PMID- 7340360 TI - "Degenerative cement gland" (DCG), a lethal recessive mutation in xenopus laevis. PMID- 7340361 TI - Heat shock proteins in sea urchin embryos. Territorial and intracellular location. PMID- 7340359 TI - [Fatty acids of cerebrosides as a myelination index]. PMID- 7340363 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the tubercular fallopian tube. PMID- 7340362 TI - The improvement of fertility at women with bicervical bicornuate uterus and double vagina. AB - In the present work there are presented 3 clinical cases with genital malformations of the type: bicervical bicornuate uterus with double vagina, from among which one case belongs to the type of communicating uterus (uterus in H). The diagnosis is formulated through the clinical examination and the type of the malformation is determined by histerogram and endoscopy. The urogram is compulsory. The surgical indication is given by infertility (at least two obstetrical failure in antecedents), dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, meno metrorrhagia, primary sterility. The surgical technique is accurately described, consisting in sectioning by vaginal route the cervical and vaginal longitudinal septum and in sectioning by abdominal route the septum which separates the 2 uterine horns, according to the Bret technique. PMID- 7340364 TI - Changes in calcium absorption during hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7340365 TI - Hormones in the seminal plasma. Cortisol. AB - The data from previous studies on the seminal concentrations of proteic hormones result in the hypothesis that there exists a selective filter for these hormones, which is between the systemic circulation and the male genital canal. Previous data regarding sexual steroids are insufficient to verify if such a filter system also operates in the case of hormones of minor molecular weight. It would appear that the study of cortisol, a non-sexual steroid, will be more useful. The concentrations of this hormone in the peripheric blood (176 +/- 59, mean +/- ds, ng/ml) prove to be much greater than in the seminal plasma (20 +/- 9.6). No significant differences are found between normozoospermic and oligo-azoospermic subjects, either in the blood (173 +/- 184 +/- 53), or in the seminal plasma (21 +/- 12 versus 20 +/- 8). These data would seem to support the hypothesis under discussion. PMID- 7340366 TI - Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in couples with repeated spontaneous abortion. PMID- 7340367 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficient diet on the spermatogenesis and plasma testosterone. PMID- 7340368 TI - Male fertility and thyroid hormones. AB - On the basis of the results in vitro, it seems that the testicle does not respond to the action of the thyroid hormones. The study of the relationship between the blood concentrations of these hormones and the reproductive function of the organ is being made by the Authors as a means of verifying this in vivo. The total blood concentrations of T4, (triioothyronine), and the index of free Thyroxine (IT4L) were therefore evaluated both in normal and infertile subjects. The concentrations of T4 showed a correlation both with the sperm count (r = 0.43, p = less than 0.02), and with the percentage of motile spermatozoa, (r = 0.48, p = less than 0.01). This type of correlation is not found, however, either for the T3 or for the IT4L. These data indicate that the function of the thyroid gland is linked to that of the hypothalamo-hypophyseotesticular axis. It would appear that the peripheric metabolism of the circulating hormones is not involved. PMID- 7340369 TI - Reproductive histories in a Norwegian twin population: evaluation of the maternal effect in early spontaneous abortion. PMID- 7340370 TI - Caudal block for post-operative pain relief in children after genital operations. A comparison between bupivacaine and morphine. AB - Twenty-two children formed the basis for a controlled study of the effect and duration of the postoperatively applied caudal block on postoperative pain after genital operations. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect and duration of bupivacaine and morphine. Ten children (Group I, outpatients) underwent circumcision and 12 children (Group II, inpatients) underwent correction of hypospadias. The caudal block failed in one case. Outpatients were discharged after 4-5 h, and the caudal blocks with both bupivacaine and morphine were then still effective. In inpatients, the duration of pain relief was significantly longer using morphine (range 610-2195 min) than using bupivacaine (range 245-515 min). There were no complications of the caudal blocks. PMID- 7340371 TI - Comparison of physostigmine and neostigmine for antagonism of neuromuscular block. AB - The ability of physostigmine alone and in combination with neostigmine to reverse d-tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular block was evaluated in surgical patients. The relaxation was maintained at a level of 90% twitch suppression during balanced anesthesia, and antagonism was attempted with physostigmine 1.5 mg x 3; neostigmine 0.5 mg x 3; neostigmine 1.0 mg x 3; or with a combination of physostigmine 0.75 mg and neostigmine 0.5 mg x 3. The measured parameters included the twitch force or EMG amplitude of the adductor pollicis brevis muscle after supramaximal 0.1 Hz stimulation and fading of these responses after repetitive 2 and 50 Hz stimuli. Although the restitution rate of twitch height and EMG amplitude were essentially the same with both antagonists, there was a considerable time-lag in regeneration of the fades after repetitive stimuli with physostigmine as compared with the neostigmine group. The addition of physostigmine to a subeffective dose of neostigmine resulted in antagonism comparable to that seen in other groups. The clinical antagonism was satisfactory in all patients receiving physostigmine. The divergence of relaxation-indicating parameters (twitch responses and fades) after physostigmine suggests dissimilar modes of action of two antagonists at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7340372 TI - A new tracheostomy tube. III. Bronchofiberoptic examination of the trachea after prolonged intubation with the NL tracheostomy tube. AB - Recent publications show that severe damage to the trachea is still a problem with high-volume, low-pressure cuffs. The NL tracheostomy tube was used in 86 patients for 3 days to 2 months (mean 16 days). This tube has a high-volume, low pressure cuff with automatic regulation of the cuff pressure at 3 kPa. The tube has a flexible tip. Fiberoptic examination at extubation showed minimal damage to the tracheal mucosa: 33 patients had normal mucosa and the rest had hyperaemia and/or fibrin formation. Four patients had ulcerations from suction catheters and four patients had small, superficial ulcerations produced by the tip of the tube. Of these last four patients, three had skin flaps that exerted pressure on the tube. Severe tracheal damage was prevented due to the combination of automatic regulation of cuff pressure and a flexible tip of the tube. PMID- 7340373 TI - Baroreceptor control of systemic haemodynamic at incremental halothane levels in the dog. AB - The open-loop carotid sinus reflex control of systemic haemodynamics was studied in an acute dog preparation with isolated perfused carotid sinuses at three end tidal halothane levels of 0.66 +/- 0.02% (HI); 0.88 +/- 0.02% (H2); and 1.17 +/- 0.02% (H3), in order to investigate the dose dependency of the carotid sinus reflex operating characteristics for halothane. Corresponding to the above halothane levels were reflex operating point pressures (set point pressures) of 104.9 +/- 2.9, 103.3 +/- 4.1 and 76.0 +/- 3.8 mmHg, respectively. Carotid sinus reflex gain decreased significantly with progressively increasing halothane levels (1.4. +/- 0.18; 0.84 +/- 0.12; 0.48 +/- 0.09), as did the range of reflex changes in systemic arterial pressure for equal overall changes in carotid sinus pressure (87.1 +/- 7.9; 64.1 +/- 7.4; 33.6 +/- 5.1 mmHg; P less than 0.01). For halothane levels below approximately 0.9%, this depression was not dependent upon changes in mean systemic arterial pressure. The relationship between reflex gain and halothane concentration could be described by a first-order exponential which suggested virtual ablation of the carotid sinus reflex control of mean arterial pressure at an end-tidal halothane concentration exceeding about 1.6%. PMID- 7340374 TI - Close scavenging of anaesthetic gases during mask anaesthesia. Further experimental and clinical studies of a method of reducing anaesthetic gas contamination. PMID- 7340375 TI - Expired minute volume measurements during anaesthesia using non-rebreathing valves. AB - Non-rebreathing valves may cause leakage of anaesthetic gases from the inspiratory to the expiratory limb, leading to errors in measurement of exhaled gas volume and gas composition. The fresh gas flow (FGF 1 X min -1) leakage (gas shunt) over a non-rebreathing valve (AMBU Paedi Anaesthesia System) was experimentally investigated in a conscious volunteer. The gas-shunt depended upon the tension within the breathing balloon, which is placed in the inspiratory limb. At low FGF's, i.e. with the breathing balloon close to collapse, no gas shunting was registered. At higher FGF's, a large gas-shunt was found. Due to the negligible gas-shunt found at low FGF settings, this AMBU system might be used for analyses and measurements of exhaled gases during anaesthesia and spontaneous ventilation. PMID- 7340376 TI - Effect of fentanyl on the cortisol and hyperglycemic response to abdominal surgery. PMID- 7340377 TI - A comparison of epidural morphine and epidural bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief. AB - In 32 patients subjected to total hip replacement, postoperative pain relief was achieved by random treatment with either 5 mg of morphine in 10 ml of saline (n = 15) or 6-8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine (n = 17), both drugs administered by the lumbar epidural route. In an additional group of 10 patients, post-traumatic thoracic or post-operative abdominal pain was relieved first by 4 6 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine and subsequently by 5 mg of morphine in 10 ml of saline, both drugs being administered by the thoracic epidural route. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer, on average, with morphine (28 h) than with bupivacaine (4.3 h) when the drugs were given by the lumbar route. Thoracic administration of morphine also resulted in a significantly longer duration of pain relief (on average 9.8 h) than that of bupivacaine (3.8 h). Morphine gave satisfactory pain relief in all cases. It was not associated with motor block, loss of sensitivity to temperature, touch, or pin-prick, or any signs of sympathetic block, as was the case with epidural bupivacaine. Plasma concentrations of morphine were not detectable 8 h after injection, though the patients still had pain relief. One case of delayed severe respiratory depression occurred 6 h after morphine injection via the thoracic route. Epidural morphine analgesia should therefore be reserved for patients in whom continual surveillance is possible, at least until more is known about the pharmacokinetics of narcotics in the epidural and subarachnoid space. PMID- 7340378 TI - [A comparative anatomical study of the pectoral muscle group in brindled bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus Gould, 1842), an Australian marsupial (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340379 TI - [A macroscopical study of the somatic and visceral nerves innervating the male rat urogenital organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340380 TI - [Effect of neonatal estrogen-treatment on the thymus of mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340381 TI - [The therapeutic effect of O-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)-aminomethyl]-phenylalanine dihydrochloride (ocaphane, AT-581) on intracerebral growth of Brown-Pearce carcinoma in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340382 TI - [The calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters of tetracycline and the formula of correlation between blood level and urinary excretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340383 TI - [Prophylactic effect of active immunization with Curcuma aromatica treated tumor cells--exploration of mechanism of action of Curcuma aromatica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340384 TI - [Synthesis of some derivatives of schizandrins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340385 TI - [Studies on antimalarial agents--alpha-(alkylaminomethyl)-halogenated-4 fluorenemethanols (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340386 TI - [Analysis of the composition of the Chinese drug venoruton (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340387 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Stephania longa L. (Menispermaceae) (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340388 TI - [A review of the chemical studies on the alkaloids from aconitum and delphinium plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340389 TI - Proliferation related peptides in quiescent and regenerating rat liver. AB - Aqueous extracts of resting (C) and 30 h regenerating (P) rat livers were partially purified by a combination of ion exchange-, Sephadex- and paper chromatographic techniques. It was demonstrated that a limited number of the semipurified chromatographic fractions inhibited or stimulated both DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, the effect being partially determined by C or P liver origin of the fractions. It was also shown that biological activities were mediated by hepatic peptides of middle molecular size in the semipurified fractions. It is suggested that regulation of hepatocyte proliferation might be under a dual control operating through an interplay of stimulatory and inhibitory peptides, the final outcome determined by their interaction. PMID- 7340390 TI - In vitro and in vivo analysis of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) transport: effect of indomethacin. AB - Effect of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (indo) were studied on renal PAH transport (a) in renal cortical slices in vitro and (b) in anaesthetized dogs with various levels of plasma PAH concentrations (b1:PPAH less than 3 mg/dl and b2:PPAH V greater than 20 mg/dl] in vivo. It was found that: (a) indomethacin in concentrations of 0.4 and 4.0 micrograms/ml failed to influence PAH accumulation (S/M) and K or Na contents in renal cortical slices, whereas in a concentration of 40 micrograms/ml it potently decreased PAH accumulation (S/Mcontrol: 4.62 +/- 0.76, S/Mindo: 2.38 +/- 0.41; p less than 0.001). The oxygen uptake by tissue slices remained unaltered in the presence of indomethacin. (b1) Indomethacin in a dose of 4 mg/kg produced a pronounced antidiuresis and antinatriuresis with no change in GFR. PAH secretion was slightly reduced (TPAH control: 3.97 +/- 1.21; TPAH indo: 3.21 +/- 1.55 mg/min/100 g; p less than 0.01). (b2) Indomethacin appreciably decreased the secretory maximum of tubules (TmPAH control: 10.0 +/- 4.39; TmPAH indo: 4.95 +/ 3.83 mg/min/100 g; p less than 0.001). Based on these results it is concluded that indomethacin, even when applied in the usual concentration, might partially block certain enzymes in the kidney. PMID- 7340391 TI - Ovarian venous outflow, progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol secretion and peripheral blood level during pregnancy in the rat. AB - Blood was collected from the right ovarian vein on every third day of pregnancy in rats and the ovarian venous outflow and haematocrit were measured. Progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol were determined by RIA from the ovarian venous and peripheral blood and the secretion rate of progesterone (ng/min) and 17 beta-oestradiol (pg/min) was calculated. An elevated level of ovarian venous blood flow was found on day 9 and 12 of pregnancy when the progesterone secretion reached the highest values. Blood flow began to decrease on day 15, the progesterone secretion rate on day 18. On day 21, progesterone secretion rate returned to the day-1 level, however, at this time the progesterone concentration of ovarian venous blood and peripheral blood remained significantly elevated. Secretion rate of 17 beta-oestradiol showed a gradually tendency to increase from day 12 reaching the highest value on day 21. Ovarian and peripheral venous blood level of 17 beta-oestradiol increased parallelly from day 15. The high level of ovarian blood flow and progesterone secretion in mid-pregnancy is suggested to be the result of the stimulation of luteotropic material originating from the placenta. Since the ovarian venous blood flow changes during pregnancy, the hormone concentration of ovarian venous blood is not a reliable indicator of hormone production. PMID- 7340392 TI - Uterine progesterone levels and intrauterine pressure in ovariectomized post partum rats. AB - Porter and Challis reported that the intrauterine pressure (IUP) of ovariectomized post partum rats was not suppressed by progesterone (P) treatment which increased uterine P levels. This experiment was repeated under rigorously controlled conditions. The exogenously induced increase in uterine P levels from 36 +/- 3 ng/g to 135 +/- 9 ng/g (p less than 0.001) reduced IUP from 61 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). When after 96 hours the P levels returned to pretreatment value, IUP also recovered from suppression. PMID- 7340393 TI - Influence of dopamine and dopaminergic agonists on relaxation of isolated rabbit ileum induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation. AB - The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline, dopamine and four dopaminergic agonists on smooth muscle relaxation induced by nerve stimulation was compared in isolated rabbit ileum. All these compounds inhibit the relaxation evoked by nerve stimulation. Their activity decreased in the following order: bromocriptine, noradrenaline, nomifensine, dopamine, piribedil and apomorphine. Yohimbine inhibited the effect of noradrenaline and to a lesser extent that of dopamine, while the antidopamine agent sulpiride abolished the effect of dopamine, apomorphine and nomifensine. The presynaptic action of these compounds is discussed. PMID- 7340394 TI - Influence of stenopril on the isometric myogram and the action potential of isolated myocardium of warm-blooded animals. AB - The effect of the original Bulgarian drug Stenopril (1-phenyl-2/1-phenylpropyl /3/-amino/propane hydrochloride) on the papillary muscle of guinea-pig right ventricle was studied in vitro. The isometric myogram and the transmembrane cellular activity were recorded. At low Stenopril concentrations (1-5 x 10(-6)M) three effects were observed: weak positive inotropic effect, phasic response (initial increase and subsequent decrease of the amplitude of the contractions) and weak negative inotropic effect. Concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4)M inhibit the contractile activity of the myocardium. The changes in the action potentials at the low concentrations are small. At the higher concentrations the Stenopril negative inotropy is accompanied by lowering of the plateau and extension of the potential at the expense of the late repolarization, as well as decrease of the repolarization velocity. In a number of experiments the excitability decreased until the appearance of local responses. Isoprenaline (10(-6)M) completely restores the Stenopril-inhibited electrical and contractile activity of the drug. It is assumed that Stenopril influences the inward calcium current, similar to the calcium antagonists, and that it also inactivates the Na-permeability of the membrane. PMID- 7340395 TI - The effect of new local anaesthetics on tracheal and anococcygeal smooth muscle. AB - The effects of pentacaine and heptacaine were compared with that of procaine on the isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea-pigs and anococcygeal muscle of rats. Pentacaine increased the initial tone of the tracheal smooth muscle. In higher concentration however pentacaine and heptacaine induced smooth muscle relaxation. Pentacaine diminished the action of histamine on the tracheal smooth muscle and both pentacaine and heptacaine depressed the effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on anococcygeal muscle. PMID- 7340396 TI - Effect of environmental cooling on certain biochemical responses in broilers. AB - Investigations were undertaken to study the effect of different thermal environments of growth attributes of broilers. One hundred fifty-day old chicks of both sexes were kept each in control, foggers, exhaust fan and cooler groups during hot and dry, and hot and humid periods to assess the effect of cooling on growth efficiency of broilers in terms of blood cholesterol and ascorbic acid. The average cholesterol content (mg/100 ml) of blood plasma was highest in the control groups of both the periods. The birds of the control and exhaust groups were more stressed as compared to birds in fogger and cooler groups where the cholesterol content was least. The average values for the ascorbic acid content of blood plasma (mg/100 ml) were highest in the cooler groups of both the periods showing the greater resistance of these birds against the thermal stress. The increased amounts of ascorbic acid in the cooler groups were positively correlated to the heavier body weights of the birds in this particular group. In contrast, the birds in the control and exhaust groups had minimum amounts of ascorbic acid content at all ages irrespective of sexes. Therefore, from the above results of cholesterol content and ascorbic acid concentration, it is concluded that hot and humid period at Ludhiana is the most stressful and evaporative cooling is the most efficient method for alleviating summer stress in broilers. PMID- 7340397 TI - Influence of increased motor activity on learning and memory in albino rats. AB - The experiment has been carried out with 20 male Wistar rats with initial age 30 +/- 5 days, equally divided in two groups: controls and motor-loaded rats. The experimental animals ran five days a week on a treadmill covering 60,540 m for 133 training sessions. Afterwards using a multi-chamber semi-automated labyrinth it was found that systematic and dosed motor loading leads to significant improvement of both learning and retention. The results obtained are examined as a consequence of the biochemical and morphofunctional changes developing in the central nervous system under the effect of prolonged motor activity. PMID- 7340398 TI - Changes in the P3-wave in a situation of verbal stimulus prediction. AB - The changes in the P3-wave of averaged auditory evoked potentials (AEP) from Fz, Cz and Pz were studied under conditions when: (I) the subject was required to predict which of the two alternative sound stimuli would appear. After presentation of a series of 50 high (1200 Hz) and 50 low (800 Hz) tones, in random order (mixed signal series) we proceeded suddenly to the presentation of the low tone only, without warning the subject (pseudo-mixed series); (II) the same mixed signal series was presented again requiring quick motor response by the subject only to the appearance of the high tone and not requiring verbal prediction (choice RT task). It has been found that in the three recordings: (1) the P3-wave increases for both types of stimuli, both in the situation of verbal stimulus prediction without motor response and in the situation of choice RT task; (2) the increase in P3 (assessed by the N1-P3 amplitude) is greater in AEP from stimuli disconfirming the prediction compared with stimuli confirming it; (3) preforming of the verbal prediction, in the course of the pseudo-mixed series, to prediction of the appearance of the low tone only is accompanied by a sharp decrease or disappearance of the P3-wave. The results show that the P3-wave is not connected with the development of motor potentials but with the processes of verbal prediction, in particular with the non-coincidence between the event expected by the subject and the really appearing one. PMID- 7340399 TI - Dependence between the P3-wave and the prestimulus EEG negative shift under conditions of probability prediction. AB - The connection between the prestimulus slow potential shift (SPS) and the P3-wave of auditory averaged evoked potentials (AEP) from Fz and Cz is studied upon changing the probability and signal characteristics of the stimuli. It has been found that while the changes in the P3-wave, depending on the character of the experimental tasks, are unidirectional for all subjects studied in both recordings and repeat our earlier results, the changes in SPS have different directions. The same changes in P3 are accompanied in some cases by a slightly expressed negativization, in other cases by a certain positivization and in a third group of cases by lack of SPS. The results obtained show that the observed changed in the P3-wave under the conditions of our experiments are not connected with pre-stimulus SPS of the CNV type, being generated in the central nervous system irrespectively of them. They support our hypothesis that the P3-wave is connected with the processes of probability prediction in the brain functioning. PMID- 7340400 TI - Scaling spatial extent, velocity and duration of motion. AB - Experiments on magnitude estimation of spatial extent, velocity and duration of 11 moving stimuli which had low correlations between the stimulus attributes revealed psychophysical curves of different slopes and shapes for the three attributes of motion. A psychophysical power function with an exponent almost equal to 1.0 described the magnitude estimation of distance. Deviations in velocity judgments were observed with shortening the spatial extent of motion. Duration estimation determined by moving stimuli was found to differ significantly from the estimation of time intervals of the same range presented with stationary light stimuli (Marinova, Mitrani, Yakimoff, 1980). The results indicate that velocity cannot be regarded as a directly perceived attribute of motion. Distance only seems to be directly perceived. PMID- 7340401 TI - Estimating the velocity of briefly presented moving stimuli. AB - The ability of human subjects to estimate the velocity of briefly presented moving stimuli was studied in a prediction-of-collision experiment. After the disappearance of the moving target the subject had to press a button at the moment the target would reach a predetermined position in the visual field. Four velocities of the moving target were used -6 degrees/s, 10 degrees/s, 14 degrees/s, and 20 degrees/s. For each velocity there were five exposure distances: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 degrees and four concealment distances: 6, 8, 10 and 12 degrees. For the large exposure distances a linear dependence of the response time on the concealment time was observed. This dependence was not linear for exposure durations less than 100 ms. The response time increased in these cases. Despite the common character of the results obtained with different subjects there were clear individual differences most probably due to differences in subjective velocity scales and individual mechanisms of motion extrapolation and organization of motor responses. PMID- 7340402 TI - [Values and human medicine]. PMID- 7340403 TI - [Cerebellar hematomas. Pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7340404 TI - [The ambulatory hypertensive patient. Evaluation of 1238 outpatient files]. PMID- 7340405 TI - [Factors determining the rise in costs of drugs in Socio-Medical Services]. PMID- 7340406 TI - [Medical responsibility of physical examinations in sports medicine]. PMID- 7340407 TI - [Notes in applied biochemistry. Glycosylated hemoglobins]. PMID- 7340408 TI - [Influenza virus A/Hong Kong localization and reproduction in the organs of white mice in experimental infection]. PMID- 7340410 TI - [Penetration of tubocin, Keflin and penicillin G into peritoneal macrophages]. PMID- 7340409 TI - [Biological relations of selected influenza virus strains adapted to mouse lungs. I. H3N2 influenza virus study]. PMID- 7340411 TI - [Action of naganol on body protective mechanisms]. PMID- 7340412 TI - [Microbiological study of different reservoirs. 2. The degradation capacity and biochemical relations of bacterial strains isolated from the reservoirs of Bulgarian Black Sea coast]. PMID- 7340413 TI - [Ecological aspects of Pseudomonas pseudomallei interactions with ixodid ticks]. PMID- 7340414 TI - [Antibiotic 1107 from Actinomyces sp. 1107. I. Its isolation, purification and physicochemical properties]. PMID- 7340415 TI - [Antibiotic 1107 from Actinomyces sp. 1107. II. The identification and chemical structure of 1107-A]. PMID- 7340416 TI - [Claviceps sp. CPII strain, a producer of alkaloids. I. The relation between different developmental stages and alkaloid accumulation]. PMID- 7340417 TI - In vivo effect of naganol on the cytostatic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7340418 TI - [Selection of prospective Streptomyces genus strains producing the enzyme glucose isomerase]. PMID- 7340419 TI - [Effect of the pH and temperature in the isomerization process on the enzyme glucose isomerase produced by 2 Streptomyces sp. strains]. PMID- 7340420 TI - Chromosomal anomalies and testicular ultrastructure. AB - At the Clinic of Urology, Postgraduate Medical School, Budapest, between 1976 and 1980, 1043 andrological examinations were carried out. Among 62 couples, cytogenetic examinations were performed, too. Altogether 12 chromosome anomalies were developed, amongst them 5 Klinefelter's syndromes. The ultrastructure of the testicles of them, plus of a male patient with the dimorphism of chromosome E 16, is discussed. PMID- 7340421 TI - A histochemical study with the aBt reaction of changes in glycoprotein content during bone formation and necrosis. AB - The glycoprotein content of the bone tissue was examined by means of the aldehyde bisulphite-blue (ABT) reaction. It was found that the glycoprotein content showed variations during bone formation and necrosis. This was particularly characteristic in the osteocyte capsule where vicinal OH moieties changed in amount and orientation. The method allows to determine the relative age of the bone tissue. PMID- 7340422 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the rat thymus. AB - A single large dose (200 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (Cy) caused thymic involution. Thymic cortex was almost depleted of lymphocytes while medullary thymocytes were not affected. This resulted in thymic inversion on day 4. During the period of involution the cortex was invaded by positive acid phosphatase granules containing macrophages. Later the cytoplasms of these macrophages were loaded with lipid droplets and residual materials. Extensive vacuolization of the cytoplasms of epithelial and special cells were revealed. Regeneration began on day 4. Repopulating cells appeared primarily in subcapsular region. Regeneration was complete by day 11 as examined by morphological technics. While FCS dependent rosette formation capacity remained below the control level even on day 16. PMID- 7340423 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on the rat's mesenteric lymph node. AB - A single large dose (200 mg) of cyclophosphamide (Cy) given to adult rats caused a drastic depletion of lymphocytes occurring earlier in the B dependent compartment than in the T dependent one of the lymph node cortex. The drug had a somewhat facilitating effect on the early differentiation of plasma cells (between 12 and 24 h) which later were also depleted. By Cy administration two types of macrophage were distinguished morphologically and topographically in the lymph nodes. Cy effect the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels and lymph sinuses. From day 4 to 7 Cy caused a constant flooding of red blood cells into the lymph node sinuses like in the normal rat haemolymph gland. Regeneration of the mesenteric lymph nodes occurred by a repopulation of lymphoid cells and a proliferation of other cell types. Repopulation of the B dependent compartment lagged behind that of the T dependent compartment. Regeneration of endothelial cells seemed to be one of the factors facilitating the repopulation of lymphoid cells. The distribution of T and B dependent cells in different compartments of the rat lymph node and activation of mononuclear phagocytes in Cy treated rat lymph node are discussed. PMID- 7340424 TI - Innervation of the cat ureter. An experimental study. AB - Innervation of the ureter was studied by fluorescent microscopy using glyoxylic methods and by electron microscopy in the normal state and after extirpation of hypogastric ganglia. According to the morphology of the vesicle population, four groups of nerve processes could be distinguished: Type a with a dominant population of small agranular vesicles; Type b with a large number of small granular vesicles; Type c with 80 to 120 nm granulated vesicles; Type d with large 150 to 250 nm neurosecretory vesicles. After extirpation of the hypogastric ganglia, degenerated nerve terminals could be found in all the layers of the ureter, but a few fluorescent fibres could be observed in the muscle layers, too. It is assumed that most of the fluorescent fibres originate from the hypogastric ganglia and the others from the local neurons of from the spinal ganglia. These nerve processes act directly on the smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7340425 TI - Histological and needle-biopsy studies of juvenile mastopathy. AB - The cytomorphological and histological aspects of benign breast tumours found in the course of 1000 needle-biopsies in 119 young females (under 20 years old) has been outlined. According to the author epithelial-proliferation which not only appears alarming at this stage but is also on the edge of malignancy is quite frequent at this age. However, based on thorough follow-up examinations he warns of too quick and unfavourable judgement regarding epithelial-proliferation as none of the 119 cases cited have become malignant through the years observed. The found the diagnostic value of needle-biopsy especially useful in younger patients and suggests its more habitual use in everyday practice. PMID- 7340426 TI - Classification and registration of multiple congenital abnormalities. AB - The data processing of multiple congenital abnormalities is demonstrated in the Hungarian Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies. Specified dysmorphic syndromes and CA-associations are registered on the basis of notification. Unspecified multiple congenital abnormalities are evaluated on the basis of notified abnormalities. First, a distance-diagnosis is being tried concerning some specified dysmorphic syndromes and CA-associations. Second, the alive babies with unspecified multiple abnormalities are referred to the regional multiple abnormality centre while a detailed post-mortem description is requested from the stillborns and infant deaths with multiple abnormalities. Third, the remaining unspecified congenital abnormalities are divided into 4 categories (obvious, important, dubious and minor) and into 40 groups. Babies with two abnormalities are annually compiled in one table. Babies with three abnormalities are summarized according to the so-called "cardinal" abnormalities in different tables. Finally, babies with four or more abnormalities are listed one by one with regard to the leading abnormality in another table. This classification system helps - among other - to recognize known and new syndromes and CA associations, as well as to monitor a cluster of specific combinations of congenital abnormalities. PMID- 7340427 TI - Mitotic activity and growth dynamics of kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7340428 TI - The role of megakaryocytes and tissue mast cells in the respiratory distress syndrome of adults. AB - The pathological role of megakaryocytes has been studied during adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARD) in the formation of intraalveolar oedema, microthrombi and hyaline membranes. The giant cells of the bone marrow are also thought to be involved in the development of peribronchial, perivascular and interalveolar oedemas. Heparin produced by tissue mast cells appears to counteract the clotting disturbances and to promote fibrinolysis in the acute phase of ARD. Vasoactive substances liberated from mast cells enhance oedema formation. Heparin has an influence on the lipid metabolism of type II pneumocytes. During regeneration the stimulating effect of heparin on fibrosis becomes predominant in the connective tissue ground substance. No fundamental morphological difference was found between ARD and the infantile respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7340429 TI - The management of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a clinical experience. AB - Fifty patients with infected cerebrospinal fluid shunts were treated by one of three forms of treatment: a) Twenty-two patients had shunt removal, systemic antibiotic treatment, and either external ventricular drainage or intermittent ventricular taps for decompression and antibiotic administration. b) Seventeen patients had removal and immediate replacement of the shunt with intrashunt and systemic antibiotics. c) Eleven patients received intrashunt and systemic antibiotics without shunt removal. In the first group, antibiotics were given for a period of one week; in the second and third groups, intravenous antibiotics were administered for a minimum period of three weeks, and intraventricular antibiotics twice daily for two weeks. In all patients ventricular CSF was obtained and cultured 48 hours after cessation of antibiotic therapy, and cultures were repeated within four months after completion of therapy. Twenty-one of 22 patients in the first group as well as 11 of 13 of the second group, were successfully treated. In the third group only four of the 11 patients responded to treatment. PMID- 7340431 TI - Extra-intracranial anastomosis using a venous graft. AB - The authors describe a patient with ischaemic neurological incidents due to bilateral hypoplasia of the carotids. Because the use of the superficial temporal artery or the occipital artery was impossible, the extra-intracranial anastomosis was performed by a direct venous graft between the external carotid artery and the posterior temporal artery. The authors describe and illustrate the operation, emphasizing the particular difficulties due to differences in diameter of the arteries and the graft. Because postoperative control angiography demonstrated perfect permeability of the anastomosis, this technique is suggested for when a normal branch of sufficient diameter of the external carotid artery cannot be used. PMID- 7340430 TI - Treatment of neurogenic torticollis by microvascular lysis of the accessory nerve roots - indication, technique, and first results. AB - For treatment of spasmodic torticollis (s.T.) microsurgical decompression of the intraspinal-intracranial portion of the accessory nerve (a.N.) has been performed in 11 patients with proved neurogenic lesions of the accessory nerve-dependent muscles. Neurogenic lesions were discovered by meticulous electromyographic (EMG) examination in 26 out of 32 patients with s.T. Based on the EMG findings and a.N. roots were exposed, mostly bilaterally. During operation we found in each case tight adhesions to adjacent structures, in particular the vertebral artery (v.A.), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and spinal arteries. Moreover, various nerve anastomoses were found between the upper dorsal cervical roots and the spinal a.N. roots. After neurovascular lysis and dissection of anastomoses, to C 1 in particular, the a.N. was protected with teflon-foam (Prosthex). Immediately after surgery torticollis had improved in all but one case. Further improvement was achieved by exercises. These first favourable results, and the fact that nerve decompression is less destructive that other surgical procedures in treatment of s.T., make us feel justified in recommending this procedure further to patients suffering from s.T. with proved neurogenic lesions. PMID- 7340432 TI - Sino-jugular venous graft in otitic hydrocephalus. PMID- 7340433 TI - Hodgkin's disease primarily localized to the brain: case report. PMID- 7340434 TI - Tuberculous brain abscess. PMID- 7340435 TI - Multiple primitive epidural spinal hydatid cysts: case report. PMID- 7340436 TI - Lumbar intraspinal ganglion cyst: case reports. PMID- 7340437 TI - Biochemistry and pharmacology of phospholipids and of their metabolites in inflammation and allergy: cellular interactions. 3rd European Workshop on Inflammation, Paris, France, 2-3 March 1981. PMID- 7340438 TI - Phospholipid modifications and adenylate cyclase in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Rat liver plasma membrane phospholipid headgroups or fatty acids were modified by enzymatic transmethylation or transacylation. To evaluate the effect of phospholipid modification on adenylate cyclase (AC), one of the enzymes of phospholipid metabolism as well as AC were measured in the same incubation medium. Methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the highest at pH 9.2. At low concentrations of SAM, synthesis of PC as well as synthesis of the monomethyl derivative were considerably decreased and Mg2+ had no effect at pH 9.2 or at pH 6.5. When phospholipid methylation was increased in relation to SAM concentration, there was no change in basal, NaF- and glucagon-stimulated AC. Methylation was not modified when AC was stimulated. On the other hand, there was an increase in the basal, NaF- and glucagon stimulated AC when linoleate was incorporated into the membrane phospholipids. Other unsaturated fatty acids had no effect. The synthesis of linoleoyl-PC from added lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) also stimulated AC and this in turn partly prevented the inhibitory effect of LPC. Thus in isolated plasma membranes transmethylation has no direct effect on AC, whereas synthesis of linoleoyl molecular species can modulate AC in a way which does not depend on the membrane fluidity. PMID- 7340439 TI - Leucocyte-dependent platelet activation: an alternative pathway for initiation of blood clotting in inflammation. AB - Fibrin deposition is a prominent feature of several inflammatory diseases but the extract mechanism(s) leading to fibrinogen-fibrin conversion has not been completely clarified. We describe here a new cellular pathway for initiation of blood clotting resulting from a leucocyte-platelet interaction. Human washed platelet suspensions, free of leucocytes, isolated from whole blood or leucocyte enriched platelet-rich plasma (PRP) after four hours' incubation with bacterial endotoxin, had strong procoagulant activity (40-100-fold that of control platelets). When platelets were challenged with endotoxin in the absence of white blood cells (i.e. in PRP) the subsequently washed platelets were devoid of procoagulant activity indicating that leucocytes are essential mediators in the development of platelet coagulant activity induced by endotoxin. This property is mostly confined to the mononuclear fraction. 'Stimulated' platelets have the peculiarity that they trigger blood coagulation by activating factor X independently of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These findings add a new function to circulating mononuclear cells and provide experimental evidence for an unrecognized cellular pathway of fibrin formation in inflammatory diseases. PMID- 7340440 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some structural analogs of platelet activating factor (PAF-acether). AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether), a mediator of anaphylaxis and inflammation, is a 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine. Some analogs of PAF-acether were prepared by total synthesis or by partial synthesis from commercially available phospholipids and tested for platelet aggregating activity. This study indicated that the ether linkage at the position 1 of sn glycerol and the short acyl chain at position 2 are structural features required for biological activity. PMID- 7340441 TI - Platelet-activating factor acether (PAF-acether) involvement in acute inflammatory and pain processes. AB - PAF-acether is a potent aggregating agent released by various cells involved in acute inflammatory process. In this paper, exogenous PAF-acether has been investigated for its ability to generate signs of inflammation (edema measured by plethysmometry) and hyperalgesia (Randall-Sellito test) by standard subplantar injection in the rat paw. From 0.005 microgram. PAF-acether induced significant edema of the paw, maximal 1 hour after injection; it was dose-dependent from 0.1 to 5 microgram. Significant dose-dependent hyperalgesia occurred from 1.25 microgram; it reached a plateau from 2 to 4 hours after injection. Both phenomena were long-lasting (greater than 6 h). PAF-acether was 1.5 to 10 times stronger than PGI2 and PGE2 in inducing edema, pain, and in increasing vascular permeability. We investigated the interaction of miscellaneous drugs with the edema and the hyperalgesia caused by 2.5 microgram of PAF-acether. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs exerted only moderate effects on the edema without affecting hyperalgesia. Edema was highly reduced by various agents: prednisolone, L-cysteine, anti-calcic drugs, theophylline, PGI2, salbutamol, clonidine. All of them, except clonidine, and in contrast to NSAI drugs, were more potent on PAF acether edema than on kaolin edema; a possible link between these agents is their ability to increase cyclic AMP levels in the cells and consequently to reduce lysosomal enzyme release. PAF-acether itself, injected intra-peritoneally, inhibited PAF-acether edema without preventing pain, at doses inactive on arterial pressure and hematocrit, but inducing marked gastric mucosal damage. Among the drugs tested, including analgesics, only PGI2 and imidazole improved PAF-induced hyperalgesia, showing a dissociation between edema and hyperalgesia not only in their induction (doses of PAF required, time course of the phenomena), but in the drugs able to antagonize their development too. PMID- 7340443 TI - Non-platelet-mediated vascular actions of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-3-glyceryl phosphorycholine (a synthetic PAF). AB - Rat platelets fully responsive to thrombin and collagen did not release 3H serotonin with up to 10 microgram/ml synthetic PAF. Therefore, an experimental approach using 57Co and 113Sn radiolabelled microspheres was developed to evaluate the effect of PAF on cardiac output (CO), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and redistribution of CO among organs. The effect on vascular permeability was studied by measuring the clearance of 125I-HSA and the variations of the haematocrit. A significant fall in blood pressure and PVR was found with doses of PAF from 50 to 5000 ng. Moreover, the highest doses of PAF induced also a marked reduction in blood volume. A significant fall in spleen, coronary and kidney output was found but not in CO. Our data show that PAF, by itself, induces a fall in PVR and at higher doses also in circulating volume, both accounting for the hypotensive effect. The redistribution of CO seems to be the expression of a non uniform action upon PVR. PMID- 7340442 TI - Effect of lysolecithin on blood vessel reactivity and of some ethers and esters of glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine, respectively, on aggregation of rat platelets. AB - Infusion of lysolecithin (LPC; e.g. 88 microgram/ml for 0.5-1.0 min) did not significantly impair the vasopressor action of norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and extract of posterior pituitary (EPP) in the isolated perfused hind legs of rats. In other words, vascular smooth muscle behaves differently from the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine, since, in the latter, contractions evoked by acetylcholine, prostaglandins etc., are inhibited by LPC. Triton X 100 which, by comparison, was used as a detergent effective on the guinea-pig small intestine, depressed the vasopressor effect of NE, PGF2 alpha and EPP. LPC, at low concentrations (40 mumol/l), potentiated (15% max.) ADP-induced platelet aggregation (PA) in rat PRP but, at high concentrations, inhibited PA (IC50 = 390 mumol/l). 2 Hexadecylglycerophosphocholine and its short-chain 1-alkyl ethers, which are structurally related to platelet-activating factor, as well as some long-chain alkanol phosphocholine esters, were somewhat more active than LPC. Dipalmitoyllecithin (4-700 mumol/l) was without any effect. PMID- 7340444 TI - Bronchoconstriction induced by intratracheal administration of platelet activating factor (PAF-acether) in baboons. AB - Intratracheal administration of PAF-acether (60 microgram.kg-1) was performed in six premedicated, curarized and mechanically ventilated baboons. Whereas intratracheal administration of an equal amount of solvent (200 microliter of 80 degrees alcohol in 2 ml of saline) caused no measurable changes in lung mechanics, administration of PAF-acether caused an almost immediate bronchoconstriction that was spontaneously reversible within about 30 min. The concomitant fall in platelet count in peripheral blood and reduction of perfusion of ventilated lung territories estimated from the alveolar-arterial difference in CO2 tension provide circumstantial evidence that PAF-acether also caused aggregation of platelets in the lung microcirculation. In keeping with the release of PAF-acether by human alveolar macrophages, our findings suggest that this mediator may play a role in human asthma. PMID- 7340445 TI - Chronic inflammation in adjuvant arthritic rats correlates with enhancement of 12 L-HETE-synthesis. AB - The development of chronic inflammation in adjuvant arthritic rats was found to be strongly correlated with the appearance in serum of a factor (HSF) which enhanced the formation of 12-L-HETE by platelet-lipoxygenase, and with the serum concentration of 12-L-HETE. The latter was determined by scanning at 235 nm after extraction and high performance thin-layer chromatography. Arthritic rat platelet rich plasma (PRP) converted exogenous arachidonic acid to 12-L-HETE at a rate 2.6 fold higher than control rat PRP. By resuspending arthritic rat platelets in normal rat plasma, and normal rat platelets in arthritic rat plasma, this increase in conversion rate was found to be caused by HSF present in the arthritic rat plasma. Treatment of arthritis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited HSF activity as well as the increase in serum-12-L-HETE concentration, which indicates a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism of HSF synthesis or release. PMID- 7340446 TI - Inflammation and host resistance against pathogens. PMID- 7340447 TI - Role of lymphocytes in non-immune experimental inflammation. AB - The role of lymphocytes in acute, non-immune inflammation has been studied in rats. Using drug-induced leucopenia and cell transfer studies it was found that the reduced carrageenin paw oedema in leucopenic rats could be restored by a specific subclass of lymphocytes distinct from T and B lymphocytes. The inflammatory effect of these lymphocytes appears to be mediated by a factor, the release of which is inhibited by steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antilymphocyte sera. PMID- 7340448 TI - Effect of inflammatory arthritis on dexamethasone receptors in phagocytes--a possible role for plasma factors. AB - Synovial tissue cells from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis bind dexamethasone in a similar fashion to the classical steroid receptors on other cells. In contrast, synovial fluid cells and blood PMNLs from these patients bind dexamethasone with much reduced affinity. Some component of plasma may interfere with the binding of dexamethasone to its receptor. PMID- 7340449 TI - Effect of levamisole on leukocyte adherence inhibition. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition test can serve as an in vitro model to investigate the cellular cooperation between T cells, monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) but also the mechanism of cell adherence. Therefore, the effect of levamisole on the production of PMN activating factors by mononuclear cells and on cell adherence was studied with leukocytes from polyarthritic patients. Levamisole at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) M to 10( 4) M did not seem to affect the production of activating factors. These results differentiate levamisole from anti-inflammatory drugs which are potent inhibitors. On the other hand, levamisole increased markedly the adherence of leucocytes, mainly mononuclear cells, obtained from polyarthritic patients, or normal cells preincubated in a polyarthritic serum. This could be related to a direct effect of levamisole on the leukocyte membrane. PMID- 7340450 TI - The influence of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the prostanoid release from monocytes. AB - The present study was designed to characterize leukocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with regard to proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and prostanoid release from circulating monocytes (M phi. Compared to cells of healthy individuals, PBL from RA patients exhibited a reduced mitogenic response to concanavalin A (Con A) which was associated with an increased capacity of circulating M phi to synthesize PGE and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Addition of synovial fluid exudates of RA patients (RA-SFE) to peripheral blood leucocyte cultures produced three effects: A spontaneous proliferation of normal and RA-PBL, a reduction of the Con A response of normal and RA-PBL, a reduction of the Con A response of normal and RA-PBL, and an enhanced release of PGE and TXB2 from RA-M phi only. To elucidate the cellular origin of these activities, normal and RA-PBL were incubated with supernatants (SNT) os synovial cell cultures from RA patients and patients with non-RA joint diseases. SNT from Con A-stimulated synovial lymphocytes of both RA and control patients induced a spontaneous proliferation of normal and RA-PBL. In contrast, SNT from non lymphoid adherent synovial cells of RA and control patients reduced the Con A response of normal and RA-PBL but a striking difference was noted in that an enhanced PGE and TXB2 release occurred only from M phi of RA patients. PMID- 7340451 TI - The interaction of IgE antibody with human alveolar macrophages and its participation in the inflammatory processes of lung allergy. AB - After the initial observation that human and animal mononuclear phagocytes can be activated into specific killer cells against larvae of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni by seric IgE antibody from infected patients, a possible interaction of IgE with human alveolar macrophages in asthmatic patients was investigated. In vitro, alveolar macrophages from non-atopic individuals can bind monoclonal IgE molecules, as well as IgE antibody from the serum of patients with respiratory allergy. A subsequent contact with anti-IgE antibody or with the specific allergen induces the extracellular release of a variety of mediators, such as lysosomal enzymes, neutral proteases, or superoxide anion. Due to the presence of allergen-specific IgE antibody on the macrophage surface in situ, the same results were obtained in vitro with freshly purified alveolar macrophages from allergic patients. Disodium cromoglycate, corticosteroids, or beta-adrenergic stimulants are strong inhibitors of this specific exocytosis of physiological mediators. The atopic cells formed rosettes with allergen-coated erythrocytes at 4 degrees C, except after pretreatment with aggregated monoclonal IgE or with the allergen. PMID- 7340452 TI - Acute non-specific inflammatory reactions and protection against experimental Candida albicans infection. AB - A non-specific acute inflammation induced in mice by an intrapleural injection of calcium pyrophosphate or dextran increased the resistance against a Candida albicans infection, and the transfer of this protection to normal mice was obtained by the injection of sera from animals developing an acute non-specific inflammation. PMID- 7340453 TI - Cellular inflammatory response to fungal antigen studied with the skin window technique--correlation of the exudate with the evolution of the mycotic infection. AB - The skin window technique, using a coverslip, was applied to study the inflammatory exudate induced by killed pathogenic yeasts in patients with mycotic infections. The presence of eosinophils in the specific exudate after 3 hours seems to indicate specific IgE fixed in the tissues. This was demonstrated by the correlation of this specific eosinophilia with the eosinophilia induced by an anti-IgE serum and with the positive immediate intradermal reactions and by the correlation with serum-specific IgE detected with an immunoenzymatic technique. Increased eosinophilia is related to the active phase of the disease. The eosinophilia in the specific exudate seems to be more reliable than an in vitro technique for the detection of the specific IgE against fungal antigen. In this material, the eosinophilia demonstrated that yeast-specific IgE may be responsible for both immediate and delayed intradermal reactions. PMID- 7340454 TI - Endogenous morphines and pain. AB - The involvement of endogenous morphines (enkephalins and endorphins) in the regulation of pain is demonstrated by the following experimental evidence: (a) their analgesic activities; (b) their distribution in the central nervous systems; (c) the effects of their modifiers, especially of their antagonists, on nociceptive reactions and (or) on various types of analgesia; (d) rare modifications of their brain levels in pain and (or) analgesic states. Besides the well-known facts, the following items are particularly stressed: the functional roles of hypothalamic structures and of the pituitary, the effects of antagonists, the variety of analgesia following noxious and (or) stressful stimuli, genetic and environmental factors, endogenous antinociceptive substances other than opioids, relations with biogenic amines. As a whole, endogenous morphines apparently filter the particular important sensory input represented by nociception and control the reactions to pain, allowing for adjusted behaviour, if the stimuli are avoidable, or for prevention or at least delay of exhaustion if the stimuli are unavoidable. PMID- 7340455 TI - Measurement of locomotor activity in hyperalgesic rats as an objective method for testing the antialgesic activity of drugs. AB - The registration of locomotor activity in hyperalgesic rats has been shown to be a simple and objective method to demonstrate the antialgesic activity of NSAI. Aspirin-like drugs significantly antagonize the pain-produced reduction in motility of hyperalgesic rats. It has also been demonstrated that new potent anti inflammatory methanesulfonanilides, which do not inhibit PG-synthesis in vitro and are almost inactive in Writhing models, exhibit potent antialgesic activity in this model. PMID- 7340456 TI - The modulation of inflammation by the acute phase reaction in adjuvant arthritis in rats. AB - In adjuvant-arthritic rats the carrageenin edema of the non-arthritic hind paw was significantly inhibited 24 hours and 3 days after adjuvant injection, but the edema was not influenced at day 14 when the acute phase reaction was still evident and increased anew. Inhibition of the edema in the primary phase may be rather explained by counter-irritation than by the acute phase reaction. No correlation could be found between inhibition of paw swelling and the levels of acute phase reactants after treatment with dexamethasone, indomethacin, aspirin or soybean trypsin inhibitor. It is mainly the secondary phase of adjuvant arthritis which cannot be inhibited by treatment with several proteins. The present results indicate that the acute phase reaction has a negligible modulating influence on the secondary phase of adjuvant arthritis and that consequently the alteration of the acute phase reaction by anti-inflammatory therapy does not seem to disturb a homeostatic mechanism especially regarding the paw swelling. PMID- 7340457 TI - Role of leucocyte procoagulant activity in endotoxin-induced DIC: evidence from comparative studies in rats and rabbits. AB - We have investigated the ability of rat and rabbit leucocytes to generate coagulant activity (PCA) in response to endotoxin in vitro and in vivo. On prolonged incubation with endotoxin (10 microgram/ml f.c.) isolated rabbit leukocytes developed strong PCA as measured by clotting and amidolytic assay. In contrast, rat leucocyte failed to produce any PCA even in the presence of huge amounts of endotoxin (200 microgram/ml f.c.) When rabbits were given two spaced endotoxin injections (25 microgram/kg b.w., 24 h apart) blood leucocytes harvested 30--60 min after the second injection consistently showed marked PCA. Again, unlike injections (up 2 mg/kg b.w.) were completely devoid of PCA. These findings support the view that leucocytes are involved in endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits. On the other hand the poor response of rat leucocytes to endotoxin might help explain the resistance of rats to DIC and Sanarelli-Shwartzman reaction. PMID- 7340458 TI - Platelet thromboxane production during endotoxin shock. AB - Circulating thromboxane (TX) is elevated following endotoxin, and platelets become hyperaggregable. Thromboxane synthesis was therefore studied in platelets during endotoxemia. Rabbit blood and platelets were taken at 0, 60 and 120 min after start of E. coli endotoxin infusion (1.10 microgram/kg min, i.v.). Blood incubation with arachidonic acid (AA, 10(-4) M) generated TXA2, which was measured using a superfused rabbit aorta bioassay. Washed platelets were stimulated with 1-14C AA (0.1 microCi) to generate radiolabeled TXB2, which was isolated by TLC and quantitated by scintillation spectrometry. Control (0 time) platelet count was 488 +/- 10(3)/mm3. In the test group, platelet counts fell to 65% of control at 60 min and to 52% at 120 min, while TXA2 generation was 95% (60 min) and 94% (120 min) of control. In contrast a serial dilution of untreated platelets yielded a progressive decline in thromboxane generation. In endotoxemic platelets, the conversion of 1-14C AA to TXB2 (percent/10(9) platelets) was increased at 120 min (0 min, 34.7; 120 min, 40.0: P less than 0.05). Endotoxemic platelets generated greater amounts of thromboxane than did normal platelets, and this condition may account for platelet hyperaggregability in shock. PMID- 7340459 TI - Mechanism of intervention of uric acid metabolism in PG biosynthesis. PMID- 7340460 TI - Steady-state fluorescence polarization (FP) of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (dph)-labelled platelets in the presence of bradykinin (bk). AB - Steady-state fluorescence polarization (FP) decreases, when 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hextriene (dph) labelled platelets are exposed to bradykinin (bk). At pH 8, the dose-response curve is bell-shaped with an optimum bk effect at 10(-7) M. In contrast to the ricinoleic-acid ester of glycerin-polyethyleneglycol, cremophor EL (CEL), bk is no more effective when platelets are pretreated with 10(-5) M p bromophenacylbromide (B phi B). These results suggest that platelets are target cells for the peptide bk, which induces an FP decrease indirectly by stimulating the release of non-saturated fatty acids in the platelet membrane. PMID- 7340461 TI - Comparative studies of the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline on the rat anococcygeus muscle. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and noradrenaline (NA) have been studied on rat anococcygeus muscle. 1. 5HT and NA produced a dose-dependent contraction of rat anococcygeus muscle. Cyproheptadine (1.0 X 10(-6) M), a specific 5HT receptor blocker, failed to inhibit the responses to either 5HT or NA. 2. However, phentolamine, a specific alpha receptor antagonist competitively blocked the responses to 5HT and NA. 3. The responses to 5HT were inhibited in the reserpinized (5 mg/kg i.p. 24 h) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pre-treated preparations. 6-OHDA produced a leftward shift of the dose-response curve of NA. Reserpine pre-treatment potentiated lower doses of NA and the threshold dose of NA was significantly decreased. 4. Nialamide (2.2 x 10(-6) M), the mono-amine oxidase inhibitor produced a significant leftward shift of the dose-response curve of both 5HT and NA. Pyrogallol (2.3 x 10(-5) M), the catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor also potentiated the responses to both 5HT and NA, but the potentiation was significant at lower doses of 5HT and NA. 5. Our data suggest that 5HT- and NA-induced contractions in rat anococcygeus muscle are mediated through common alpha adrenoceptors. 5HT actions are probably indirect, mediated through the release of NA. PMID- 7340462 TI - Modification of the activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases in vitro and in vivo. AB - Treatment of bovine brain mitochondrial membranes with iproniazid (Ip) (1 mM, 15 min) inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (substrates: 5-hydroxytryptamine, tyramine, dopamine) and significantly (about 7-fold) increased histamine deaminating activity (HDA). A selective inhibitor of MAO-A clorgyline (contrary to deprenyl) prevented the increase in HDA. Ip (200 mg/kg; within 10-16 h after parenteral administration) markedly (about 6-fold) increased the level of the HDA) in brain mitochondria of mice and guinea pigs. At the same time, a decrease in content of histamine (Hi) and increase in content of 5-hydroxytryptamine was noted in the brains of mice. In anesthetized and non-anesthetized guinea pigs Ip decreased (or prevented) the bronchoconstriction and toxic effects caused by Hi. The antihistamine effects of Ip are apparently due to its being able to induce reversible qualitative alteration (transformation) of the catalytic activity of the membrane-bound MAO of type A, which acquires as a result of this transformation potent HDA. PMID- 7340463 TI - Reduction of aspirin-induced ulcers by a new imidazoline anti-inflammatory agent. AB - We have previously described the anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic actions of the formamidine pesticide, chlordimeform (CDM). In this study, the related basic compound, CDMI [2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline], also demonstrated potent anti-edema (vs. carrageenin) and low ulcerogenic activity. A nonulcerogenic i.p. dose of CDMI reduced aspirin (ASA)-induced ulcers [lesion index (L.I.): 25.8 for ASA alond vs. 5.3 for ASA + i.p. CDMI]; prevented stress induced ulcers in mice; and decreased acid secretion (by 90% in the Shay rat preparation). A mildly ulcerogenic oral dose (0.6 mmol/kg) of CDMI prevented stress ulcers, but did not reduce ASA ulcers. A nonulcerogenic oral dose (0.15 mmol/kg) of CDMI did reduce ASA ulcers (L.I.: 24.5 for ASA alone vs. 14.7 for ASA + oral CDMI). Thus, CDMI is a unique anti-inflammatory agent with additional anti secretory and ulcer-reducing actions. PMID- 7340464 TI - Chronic immune synovitis in rabbits. I. Immunoglobulin and beta-glucuronidase analyses of synovial tissues and joint exudates. AB - Immunoglobulin and beta-glucuronidase levels in joint exudates and homogenates of synovial tissues were measured during the course of bovine serum albumin (BSA) antigen-induced synovitis in rabbits. After intra-articular BSA challenge, the anti BSA hemagglutinating antibody in tissue homogenates increased with time up to 14 days. Results obtained indicated relatively greater increases in specific anti-BSA activity compared with total IgG and are compatible with in vivo antibody synthesis by inflamed synovial tissue. beta-Glucuronidase was measured as a reflection of phagocytic cell activity. Tissue enzyme levels increased to a maximum at 1 day and this level persisted up to at least 7 days, despite the fact that exudate enzyme levels reached a maximum at 1 day and then declined significantly over the next 2-3 weeks. These observations reinforce the view that inflamed synovial tissue possesses a substantial potential for perpetuating joint destruction by producing increased levels of inflammatory mediators. PMID- 7340465 TI - Drug metabolism in rats with arthritis induced by 6-sulfanilamidoindazole (6 SAI). AB - Hexobarbital sleeping time was prolonged and ethylmorphine N-demethylation was inhibited after a single dosage or seven administration of 6-SAI to old rats. These effects were independent of the development of arthritis. Changes in cytochrome P-450 concentration after 6-SAI treatment were insignificant and thus not responsible for the decrease in drug metabolism. In vitro 6-SAI inhibited ethylmorphine N-demethylation; the inhibition was of a mixed type. 6-SAI bound to cytochrome P-450 and induced a type II spectrum. The magnitude of hexobarbital induced type I spectral changes was diminished by 6-SAI. It is concluded that 6 SAI inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism by binding to cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7340466 TI - Some pharmacological properties of tiopronin. AB - Tiopronin (50 mg/kg) and D-penicillamine (50 mg/kg) do not exhibit anti inflammatory effects in classic animal models (carragenin oedema, granuloma cotton pellets) but suppress pertussis vaccine oedema, an immunological model, when given with a long-lasting dosing regime. Tiopronin and D-penicillamine also fail to inhibit PG release by phagocytosing leucocytes when the concentrations used were in the same range as human blood levels (5-15 micrograms/ml). Indomethacin (1, 3 and 5 mg/kg) instead significantly inhibits both the in vivo and in vitro models considered. This may imply a different mode of action of both tiopronin and D-penicillamine from indomethacin. Tiopronin also possesses similar effects to D-penicillamine suggesting that their overall anti-rheumatic action may have common elements. PMID- 7340467 TI - Anti-inflammatory properties of copper implants in the rat paw edema: a preliminary study. AB - Metallic copper has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan foot paw edema of the rat, when applied in the form of an implant. The implant was installed two months before the edema was induced. It is postulated that the anti-inflammatory activity is due to dissolved copper from the implant. PMID- 7340468 TI - Antibody-induced foot oedema, hyperalgesia and monoarticular arthritis in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits for testing anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic agents. AB - To develop a simple and convenient test based on immunologic events that can be used for testing anti-inflammatory antiarthritic drugs, experiments were performed on rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats. A monoarticular arthritis was provoked injecting a knee joint with: (a) ovalbumin or bovin serum albumin (BSA) in immunized rabbits (active immunization); (b) rabbit anti-BSA serum in rabbits previously treated i.v. with BSA (passive immunization); (c) rabbit anti-guinea pig or anti-rat serum in normal guinea-pigs and rats. The diameter of the joint was measured with a caliper. The development of the joint swelling was found to be favourably influenced by anti-inflammatory drugs given orally or intra articularly. The test was considered suitable but not practical for testing a large number of compounds. Foot oedema and hyperalgesia were provoked by injecting rabbit anti-rat serum into the food pad of normal rats. Volume and sensitivity to a nociceptive stimulation (compression) were determined. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and miscellaneous drugs were tested orally in a preventive-type schedule of treatment. The test was found suitable for testing large number of compounds. The results were compared to the results obtained testing the same compounds against foot oedema and hyperalgesia provoked by carrageenan. Some of the drugs tested modified foot swelling and hyperalgesia differently in the two experimental models of inflammation. PMID- 7340469 TI - Preventive child psychiatry in Africa: prospects and limitations. PMID- 7340470 TI - Depressive illness presenting as monosymptomatic hallucination: a case report. PMID- 7340471 TI - Some psychodynamic observations on the symptom of heat in the head. PMID- 7340472 TI - Laing's 'conspiratorial' theory of mental illness and folk societies. PMID- 7340473 TI - The immunologic response to tobacco antigens in smokers. V. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin and some complement components in tobacco hypersensitive patients suffering from coronary artery disease. PMID- 7340474 TI - [Evaluation of total serum IgE levels. I. Study of a healthy adult population]. PMID- 7340475 TI - Immunotherapy with bacterial ribosomal antigen. I. Clinical study. PMID- 7340476 TI - Rosette inhibition factor (s) in the sera of cardiopathic patients. AB - Sera from patients with active and inactive rheumatic fever, as well as with other cardiac or lung diseases, were examined for the presence of rosette inhibition factors. In addition, the levels of antistreptolysin-O and of C reactive protein activity were also determined. Sera from patients and dog alveolar macrophages were used as the in vitro system for the formation of rosettes. Aggregated normal human gammaglobulin was used as control. Inhibitory activity was present in 50, 71, 90 and 93% of the sera tested from patients with active rheumatic fever, inactive rheumatic fever, other cardiopathies, or pulmonary diseases, respectively. Sera from healthy individuals showed only 3% inhibitory activity and this, only at a very low titre. No correlation was found between the titre of inhibitory activity and either the levels of antistreptolysin-O or the presence of C-reactive protein. It was concluded that the rosette inhibition effect seems to be a nonspecific manifestation of cardiac or pulmonary diseases and to be unrelated to either etiology or pathogenesis of the diseases. PMID- 7340477 TI - Asthma with aspirin intolerance. Clinical entity or coincidence of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity and aspirin intolerance. AB - The study was performed in 52 aspirin - sensitive asthmatics. It was possible to establish aspirin intolerance from the history in 46 persons and after aspirin challenge in 6 persons. All patients underwent allergological and laryngological examination and 41 aspirin oral challenge. A history of intolerance in the family was reported by 3 persons. In 6 persons, i.e. 11.5%, aspirin intolerance perceded the development of asthma. 36 persons, i.e. 70% exhibited at least 2 features of atopy, namely positive history and positive skin tests. Nasal and paranasal polyps were found in 77% of the group examined. The sequence of asthma, polyps and aspirin sensitivity has been analyzed. The authors conclude that aspirin - induced bronchoconstriction is the effect of the coincidence of two different phenomena in one subject, i. e. bronchial hyperreactivity and ASA - intolerance. PMID- 7340478 TI - In vitro phagocytosis and catabolism of opsonized erythrocytes by human monocytes. AB - Mononuclear phagocytes play a role in immunologic phenomena as well as in the defense reactions of the organism. Therefore, clinicians should have at their disposal methods of evaluating their function. A simple and reproducible method was set up to evaluate mononuclear phagocytosis and catabolism. The test described in this paper is performed using peripheral monocytes. Mononuclear phagocytes were incubated with opsonized Cr51-labelled sheep erythrocytes. The mononuclear cells phagocytosed the opsonized erythrocytes, and any remaining red cells were lysed. The degree of phagocytosis was determined by the intensity of radioactivity within the monocytes. Catabolism was determined by measuring the amount of radioactive waste excreted by the phagocyte after 18 hours incubation. Thus, this method evaluates the afferent limb of the immune response, as well as the capacity of mononuclear phagocytes to remove and destroy foreign material. Levels of phagocyte catabolism, measured in 30 normal subjects, did not vary appreciably neither in the autologous or homologous serum, nor in the presence or absence of complement. PMID- 7340479 TI - Adverse drug reactions produced by analgetic drugs. PMID- 7340480 TI - EPIC Experimental project in instructional concentration. Report of a study of the influence of intensifying instruction for elementary-school age deaf children. Central Institute for the Deaf, St. Louis, Missouri. PMID- 7340481 TI - EPIC Experimental project in instructional concentration. Genesis of the project. PMID- 7340482 TI - EPIC. Experimental project in instructional concentration. Design of the project. PMID- 7340483 TI - EPIC. Experimental project in instructional concentration. Instructional program. PMID- 7340486 TI - DI particles: painting a clearer picture of viruses and vaccines. PMID- 7340485 TI - EPIC. Experimental project in instructional concentration. Conclusions. PMID- 7340484 TI - EPIC. Experimental project in the instructional concentration. Evaluation and results. PMID- 7340487 TI - OTC update. PMID- 7340488 TI - Rand Corporation issues PPI study findings. PMID- 7340489 TI - Survey and overview: nuclear pharmacy education. PMID- 7340491 TI - The Master of Science in radiopharmacy. PMID- 7340490 TI - The basic undergraduate nuclear pharmacy program. PMID- 7340492 TI - Nuclear pharmacy PhD programs. PMID- 7340493 TI - The residency in radiopharmacy. PMID- 7340494 TI - NRC's approach to nuclear pharmacy education. PMID- 7340495 TI - The mail order pharmacy case: APhA's major antitrust victory. PMID- 7340496 TI - Further discussion of the HIP and the Stanford Form C: a reply to a reply by Frischholz, Spiegel, Tryon, and Fisher. PMID- 7340497 TI - Hypnosis and control. PMID- 7340498 TI - Untying a "not". PMID- 7340499 TI - Hypnotherapy of a neurotic reading problem. PMID- 7340500 TI - Has the sun set on the Stanford Scales? PMID- 7340501 TI - The eye roll sign and other scores of the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) as related to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C): a critical discussion of a study by Frischholz and others. PMID- 7340502 TI - The relationship between the Hypnotic Induction Profile and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C: revisited. PMID- 7340503 TI - Naltrexone: a short-term treatment for opiate dependence. AB - The narcotic antagonist, naltrexone, was studied in 242 patients during a 6-year period. Although a large number of subjects discontinued naltrexone abruptly, treatment was related to a significant decrease in opiate and nonopiate drug use. Methods for improving retention during induction and maintenance are discussed and posttreatment outcome results are presented. The authors conclude that naltrexone may be a useful short-term treatment option for opiate dependence. PMID- 7340504 TI - Characteristics of chronic phencyclidine abusers. PMID- 7340505 TI - The measurement of multiple drug use and its relationship to the patterning of alcohol intake. AB - The increasing prevalence of multiple drug use among adolescents presents researchers with complex conceptual and measurement issues. This work examines definitions of and indicators of multiple drug use involvement, as well as the interrelationships between indices of drug involvement incorporating different dimensions. Data regarding the relationship between patterns of alcohol use and illicit drug use in a population of 1473 teenagers interviewed in a northwestern metropolitan community indicate that : (1) regardless of the dimensions incorporated into four different indices of drug involvement examined, intercorrelations between indices were strong; (2) although the correlations between indices of drug involvement and overall levels of alcohol intake were uniformly weak, it was shown that levels of drug involvement vary directly with the maximum volume of alcohol used. Although the results of the current investigation must be viewed cautiously because of the concentration of heavy users of both alcohol and drugs in the population upon which the research is based, among adolescents, the spacing of drinking episodes and the patterning of alcohol intake may be more important determinants of polydrug involvement thant the quantity of alcohol consumed. PMID- 7340506 TI - Alcoholics Anonymous and the recovering alcoholic: an exploratory study. AB - Alcoholics Anonymous as a treatment modality for alcoholism has been widely accepted by both the public and mental health professionals. Evidence cited in this exploratory study of Alcoholics Anonymous membership among alcoholics in treatment demonstrated critical differences between Alcoholics Anonymous members and nonmembers on important dimensions related to the treatment of alcoholism. Alcoholics Anonymous members demonstrated a greater degree of internal locus of control, greater expectations of the successful outcome of treatment and less existential anxiety as compared to nonmembers. since these attributes are commonly encouraged in both the psychotherapeutic treatment of alcoholism and the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous, the utilization of Alcoholics Anonymous as a adjunct to traditional therapy for alcoholism may reinforce important therapeutic goals. PMID- 7340507 TI - The use of systematic encouragement and community access procedures to increase attendance at Alcoholic Anonymous and Al-Anon meetings. AB - A difficulty in the treatment of alcoholism is that many alcoholics referred to treatment programs never reach the referral destination, or if they do, they seldom remain involved in those programs. The present study attempted to increase participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Al-Anon meetings. Twenty clients were selected from an outpatient mental health alcoholism treatment program and randomly assigned to either a standard referral procedure which involved giving the client information about Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon; encouraging the client to attend; and providing information concerning time, date, and location of weekly meetings; or to a systematic encouragement and community access procedure which involved a phone call being made in the counseling session to a local Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon member in which the member briefly talked to the client about the meeting, offered to give a ride to the client and to meet the client before the meeting and having the Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon member call the client the night of the meeting to remind them of it and to encourage them to come. The results of this study showed that 100% of the experimental group attended Alcoholics Anonymous or Al-Anon within 1 week of referral and continued to attend, whereas none of the control group ever attended. The results of this study suggest that the systematic encouragement and community assess procedure are significantly more effective than standard referral systems. PMID- 7340508 TI - Driving while under the influence of alcohol: relationship to attitudes and beliefs in a college population. AB - Two social psychological theories (the Fishbein Model and the Health Belief Model) were used to derive attitude and belief factors to predict intentions to drive while under the influence of alcohol and actual drinking-driving behavior in a college population. The results revealed strong support for the Fishbein theory; attitudes and normative beliefs predicted intentions, while intentions were the best predictor of subsequent behavior. From the Health Belief Model, specific beliefs regarding one's effectiveness at being able to avoid getting caught by the police and cause an accident while driving under the influence of alcohol were also significantly related to drinking-driving intentions and behavior. These findings indicate that decisions to drink and drive are the result of one's personal evaluation of this behavior and one's perceived ability to control the threatening consequences. Thus drinking and driving may continue to be so prevalent in a college population because they erroneously believe that they are still safe drivers and effective at controlling the attendant risks. PMID- 7340509 TI - Alcoholism Consultation-Liaison: an effective way to reach alcoholics and teach professionals. AB - Alcoholism is a very common disease in general hospital patients. Yet negative attitudes toward alcoholism and the need for education among professionals often lead to underdiagnosis and inadequate referral. The author describes how consultation with liaison can be effective in reaching more alcoholic patients and teaching professionals. He points out that while this has commonly been accepted in general psychiatry, the liaison approach seems to have rarely been utilized to its fullest potential in the alcoholism field. One alcoholism consultation-liaison service is presented in detail; encouraging findings and future directions are discussed. PMID- 7340510 TI - Formation and maturation of the human sternum. I. Fetal period. AB - In continuing attempts to develop reliable morphologic, x-ray, and gross criteria for age estimation utilizing the sternum and costal cartilages, it became necessary to study the fetal development of the sternum. While there is a wide variability in the number and configuration of the ossification centers of the developing sternum, several basic developmental patterns emerge. These are illustrated and compared with Ashley's classic work. In general, ossification begins in the manubrium and progresses to the mesosternal (body) segments, developing from rostral to caudal. The more or less final sternal pattern is not found until a number of years after birth. The wide variation in fetal sternal development would seem to preclude its use for satisfactory gestational age estimation; it is clearly less valuable than other morphologic criteria already available. However, an understanding of fetal development does greatly assist in understanding the pre- and postpubertal sternal patterns. PMID- 7340511 TI - Forensic aspects of cardiac medications. PMID- 7340512 TI - The medicolegal and forensic aspects of fires. AB - Fires, their consequences and their investigations, continue to provide forensic scientists, especially those involved in medicolegal investigation (the medical examiner or forensic pathologist), with constant work and variations in problems. The recent history of mass disasters involving high-rise buildings, transport accidents, and arson-related accidents in nightclubs and prisons has emphasized the necessity for corrective and preventive means to ensure safety to the occupants of any of these areas. Problems presented by fires include the determination of the cause of the fire, the identification of the victims, and the cause and manner of their deaths. The motivation of the fire setter and the settlement by the insurance company or legal means are also aspects to be considered. The imperceptible effects of the fires include many other aspects, among which loss of loved ones and family providers and loss of industrial revenue and job potential are all felt. The most frightening development of all, however, is the insidious surfacing of arson as a possible factor in many major fires. The most recent tragedies involving the Stouffer Inn fire and the Hilton International Hotel fire were both related to arsonous acts. The scope of this article is to review the subject as it affects the forensic medical practitioner directly or indirectly so that his or her investigation may be brought to completion in conjunction with other authorities involved in the case. PMID- 7340513 TI - Medical-legal aspects of fatal myocardial infarction. PMID- 7340514 TI - Electrical control activity in the sigmoid colon: effect of metoclopramide. PMID- 7340515 TI - Anal dilatation: an acceptable alternative to hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 7340516 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction caused by necrotic mesenteric lipoma--a case report. PMID- 7340517 TI - Infarcted small bowel appendice epiploica: a cause of acute abdomen. PMID- 7340518 TI - Colonoscopic management of colonic polyps in a community hospital. PMID- 7340519 TI - Appendicostomy: a safety method to reduce right colon looped colostomy closure risk. PMID- 7340520 TI - Stercoral ulceration and perforation of colon secondary to narcotics abuse. PMID- 7340521 TI - The effect of gastroscopy on arterial blood gases. PMID- 7340522 TI - Transfer effects in feature-positive and feature-negative learning by adult humans. AB - In two experiments, college students performed a feature-positive or a feature negative discrimination task based on colors or symbols and were then transferred to a feature-positive or feature-negative discrimination based on the other stimulus dimension (symbols-colors, colors-symbols). Initial task results yielded a substantial feature-positive effect and indicated that the color task was easier than the symbol task. Transfer task results indicated that the feature positive effect was maintained and showed that consistent transfer (positive positive, negative-negative) led to superior performance on the transfer task. These results were obtained when the correct solution to the initial task was provided to the subject prior to transfer (Experiment 1) and when it was not (Experiment 2). These results systematically replicated the existence of the feature-positive effect in adult humans and showed that both feature-positive and feature-negative discrimination learning were facilitated by consistent examples of these problems. PMID- 7340523 TI - Specificity of mental color codes. AB - This experiment used a priming paradigm to examine the specificity of mental color codes. On each trial subjects judged whether two color chips were physically identical. On primed trials under the chip condition the prototype color chip was presented for 2 sec prior to the test pair. Under the visual and auditory name conditions the category name was presented prior to the test pair. For same judgments, the chip prime facilitated responses to good members of the color category but inhibited responses to poor members. Under the same conditions the category prime facilitated responses at all goodness levels. It was argued that, under the present conditions, information contained in the mental representation generated to the category name was less specific than that contained in the physical code produced when the prototype chip was perceived. PMID- 7340524 TI - Observations on adolescent relationships five years after divorce. PMID- 7340525 TI - Before the judge: the child-custody evaluation. PMID- 7340526 TI - The life cycle of the family: parental midlife crisis and adolescent rebellion. PMID- 7340527 TI - The life cycle of the family: the adolescent's sense of time. PMID- 7340528 TI - The life cycle of the family: perspectives on psychotherapy with adolescents. PMID- 7340529 TI - A study of transitional objects in the early histories of borderline adolescents. PMID- 7340530 TI - Changes in transitional objects: girls in midadolescence. PMID- 7340531 TI - A reconsideration of identity. PMID- 7340532 TI - An investigation of the influence of parental communications on adolescent ego development. PMID- 7340533 TI - Parental communication, readiness of adolescents to leave home, and the course of treatment. PMID- 7340534 TI - The impact of pregnancy on adolescent psychosocial development. PMID- 7340535 TI - Borderline psychopathology: the concepts of Masterson and Rinsley and beyond. PMID- 7340536 TI - Psychiatric casualties of minimal brain dysfunction in adolescents. PMID- 7340537 TI - Hyperactives as young adults: various clinical outcomes. PMID- 7340538 TI - Creativity, adolescence, and inevitable failure. PMID- 7340539 TI - The interlocking psychologies of suicide and adolescence. PMID- 7340540 TI - The phenomenology of adolescent depression. PMID- 7340541 TI - Sexual differences in the suicidal behavior of young people. PMID- 7340542 TI - The symptom of delicate self-cutting in adolescent females: a developmental view. PMID- 7340543 TI - The loner: an exploration of a suicidal subtype in adolescence. PMID- 7340544 TI - The interaction of drug abuse and depression in an adolescent girl. PMID- 7340545 TI - Clinical experience with suicidal adolescents. PMID- 7340548 TI - Aggression revisited: the value of anger in therapy and other close relationships. PMID- 7340546 TI - Treatment of the paranoid adolescent. PMID- 7340547 TI - Some observations on psychotherapy and creativity. PMID- 7340550 TI - Adolescence, mourning, and creativity. PMID- 7340549 TI - Countertransference issues in a transitional residential treatment program for troubled adolescents. PMID- 7340551 TI - Creativity: blessing or burden? PMID- 7340552 TI - The needle of caring, the thread of love: creative writing on an adolescent medical ward. PMID- 7340553 TI - Alaska's new commitment law for the mentally ill. PMID- 7340554 TI - Health hazard and risk assessment of the Dow-Shell group proposed petrochemical industry. PMID- 7340555 TI - An integrated experimental study of endoderm formation in avian embryos. AB - The formation of the endoderm during primitive streak stages in avian embryos was studied by combining several of the following techniques for each embryo. These included microsurgery, time-lapse filming, use of chick-quail chimaeras, tritiated thymidine autoradiography and a novel technique for identifying the morphology of the cells after small pieces of tissue from known areas had been maintained in culture for 24 h. Using these techniques we have confirmed that the ventral layer of the early chick embryo receives contributions from both the marginal and the central regions of the area pellucida. The former seems to consist of yolky cells derived from the germ wall, whilst the latter consists of smaller, less yolky cells derived from the more dorsal layers of the embryo. The movement of the lower layer anteriorly during these stages appears to be dependent upon mechanical constraints imposed upon it by the expanding tissue in more caudal regions. The extent of each of the two contributions to the lower layer was determined as a function of stage and presence or absence of a lower layer, and the findings are discussed in the light of the existing literature. PMID- 7340557 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study on the development of primitive blood vessels in chick embryos at the early somite-stage. AB - Primary vasculogenesis in chick embryos at the early somite stage (1-14 somites) was investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with special reference to the development of primitive blood vessels such as the arteria et vena vitellina (AV, VV), aorta dorsalis (AD) and vena cardinalis (VC). After glutaraldehyde fixation, the endoderm or ectoderm was removed from the embryos to expose either the ventral (AV, VV, AD) or the dorsal (VC), vascular system. The mode of vascular formation was found to be identical in all these blood vessels, arising first in loco as isolated solid masses or cords composed of so-called angioblasts. The angioblasts at this developmental phase could be distinguished from underlying mesenchymal cells, exhibiting a relatively flat surface. The VV was recognized first on both sides of the anterior intestinal portal at the 4 somite stage, whereas the forming AD was identified on the ventral surface of the paired somites at the 6-somite stage, appearing almost simultaneously from the cranial to caudal somite regions. After the 8-somite stage, the AV was formed by transformation of one of the caudal plexuses spreading to the area vasculosa. In the 9-somite stage, the angioblastic cords of the VC appeared on the dorsal side of the mesoderm in the same manner as for other ventral vessels. This finding differs from the statement of a previous author that the VCis formed by longitudinal anastomosis of intersegmental diverticula of the AD. PMID- 7340556 TI - Observation on the development of the striatum in mice and rats. AB - The morphology and development of the striautum (caudate-putamen) have been examined in normal and reeler mice of the C57 BL/6J strain and in Sprague-Dawley rats. The striatum of an adult mouse contains approximately 690,000 neurons on each side and of these about 97% are medium-sized cells and just under 3% are large cells. In adult rats the percentage of large- and medium-sized neurons is about the same, but the total number of neurons is in excess of 1,500,000. Tritiated (3H) thymidine autoradiographic studies indicate that neuronogenesis in the mouse striatum occurs both in the neuroepithelium of the ventricular zone and in the underlying subventricular zone, between the 12th day of gestation and the first few days postnatally, with the peak period of neuronogenesis being on the 14th and 15th embryonic day. In both mice and rats striatal neurons are generated along three distinct gradients: from caudal to rostral, from lateral to medial, and from ventral to dorsal. The large neurons are among the earliest cells generated. A major proportion of the medium-sized neurons is also generated during this period, but proliferation of these neurons continues for at least several days. In the immediate postnatal period there appears to be some turnover of neurons in the striatum, some cells degenerating while others are still being formed. Cell counts indicate that in the rat there may be as many as 2,000,000 neurons in the striatum at postnatal day 4, but that this number is reduced to the adult figure by day 8. PMID- 7340558 TI - The development of cell junction during nephrogenesis. AB - The differentiation and distribution of intercellular junctions especially during the early development stages of the rabbit nephron was studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Metanephrogenic cells were found to be connected by sporadic focal tight junctions. During the formation of the renal vesicle similar tight junctions occurred on the periphery as well as near the developing lumen. These focal tight junction increased in size and coalesced to broad zonulae occludentes lining the vesicular lumen at a later stage. Broad occluding junctions were also observed in the different nephron segments of the S-shaped stage. Ultrastructurally, these early maculae and zonulae occludentes consisted of beaded rows of particles. As development progressed, continuous tight junctions formed, whereas the number of strands decreased with the exception of the distal tubule. In contrast to the parietal glomerular epithelium, the initial occluding zonules of the visceral glomerular cells were gradually reduced to maculae occludentes, and finally disappeared. These results suggest that zonulae occludentes appear synchronously with the establishing lumen; the ultrastructural differentiation of tight junction strands seems to be completed with the onset of glomerular filtration. PMID- 7340559 TI - Effects of colchicine on gap junction formation during retinal neurogenesis. AB - Colchicine, injected into the amniotic cavity of 3 to 10 day-old chick embryos, has the following effects on the developing retina: 1. Cells in arrested metaphase accumulate in the ventricular portion of the matrix region. If colchicine is applied at the end of the first week of incubation, the kinetic migration of the cell nuclei is inhibited. 2. The cells lose their typical slender, bipolar shape to become ovoid to spherical. These morphological changes are more obvious when colchicine acts during the first week of incubation. 3. The formation of temporary gap junctions between the matrix cells of the retina occurs during the first week of development. When colchicine is administered around the 3rd day of incubation, the assembly of intramembranous particles (IMPs) during gap junctions formation is incomplete. These results suggest that an intact microtubular system within the submembranous cytoskeleton is essential for the assembly of these intercellular contacts. PMID- 7340561 TI - On the mechanism of the retention of the Mullerian ducts in the chick embryo incubated at a temperature above normal. PMID- 7340560 TI - Radial glia in the developing mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AB - The regional distribution of radial glia in the developing cerebral cortex and the hippocampus of the mouse was studied using silver impregnation and immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Whilst the former technique revealed radial fibres at a slightly earlier age, immunocytochemistry gave a better picture of their general distribution and enabled systematic study of the appearance and disappearance of GFAP-positive radial glia throughout the cortex. Although a clear association between migrating neurones and radial glia was evident in the later stages of cortical plate formation, this relationship was not apparent in all cortical regions nor at the very early stages of the formation of the cortical plate. Even after allowing for a delayed appearance of GFAP immunoreactivity in relatively mature radial glia, the uneven distribution of these cells, their appearance after the cortical plate has already been formed, and their regional development in a pattern dissynchronous with that of the cortical plate argue against a general role of these structures in neuronal migration in the mouse, although there are notable phylogenetic differences. PMID- 7340562 TI - The in vitro morphogenesis of the guinea pig egg cylinder. AB - The guinea pig embryo has been grown from the blastocyst to the egg cylinder stage in vitro. Moreover, histological, cytological and cytophotometrical studies have shown that the in vitro-derived egg cylinders closely resemble age-matched, in vivo embryos. In addition, constituent tissue layers were also isolated from the in vivo and the in vitro-derived egg cylinders. These were subsequently grown in culture and found to be, upon cytophotometrical study, similar in DNA content. Results thus obtained further support the idea that morphogenesis in culture paralleled normal development. PMID- 7340563 TI - An electron microscopic radioautographic study of collagen secretion in periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the mouse: I. Normal fibroblasts. AB - Analysis of electron microscopic radioautographs revealed a maximum labeling with 3H-proline of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) at 3 minutes, Golgi saccules 1 and 2 at 10 minutes, Golgi saccules type 3 at 20 minutes, and presecretory and secretory granules at 30 minutes. Labeling of the extra-cellular collagen matrix occurred at 30 minutes and increased with time. These observations suggest that pro-a-chains of collagen in periodontal ligament fibroblasts are synthesized in the RER and transported to the Golgi apparatus within 10 minutes. These chains then undergo parallel alignment in Golgi saccules type 2 and form segment-long spacing-like crystallites in Golgi saccules type 3 between 10 and 20 minutes. The peak labeling of presecretory granules and mature secretory granules in small amounts at 30 minutes and the rapid increase in labeling of extracellular collagen matrix which begins at 30 minutes, indicates that the formation of secretory granules requires approximately 30 minutes and that a rapid system of secretory granule translocation exists in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. This evidence further supports the previously published morphologic evidence for a microtubule-dependent system of collagen secretion in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (Cho and Garant, 1981b). PMID- 7340565 TI - Ultrastructural observations on melanosome aggregation in genetically defective melanocytes of the mouse. AB - Cultivated mouse melanocytes with the genotype of D/- and d/d obtained from dorsal skin of infants, and the variant melanoma cells (subline agm) in which melanosomes were aggregated around the nucleus were characterized by means of electron microscopy. In D/- melanocytes, dendrites contained a number of microtubules and 10-nm filaments, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peripherally distributed melanosomes. On the other hand, in d/d melanocytes and agm cells, melanosomes were aggregated in the perinuclear region of the cell body. Their fibrous dendrites contained numerous microtubules and 10-nm filaments, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. It is suggested that the interactive process of melanosomes with cytoskeletal elements is defective in d/d melanocytes, and that a similar defect is present in agm cells. PMID- 7340564 TI - An electron microscopic radioautographic study of collagen secretion in periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the mouse: II. Colchicine-treated fibroblasts. AB - Colchicine administered intravenously depolymerized microtubules and disrupted the normal organization of the Golgi apparatus in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Radioautography with 3H-proline indicated that collagen secretion was completely inhibited during a period of approximately 4 hours following the onset of the colchicine effect. During this period of secretory inhibition, labeled collagen precursors were present within a variety of dense bodies, primarily located in a juxtanuclear location replacing the normal Golgi complex. The time course of 3H-proline labeling from 2 to 8 hours suggested that small, newly formed dense bodies fused to form larger dense bodies and pleomorphic structures (zebra bodies), within which collagen precursors appeared to undergo partial polymerization. Autophagosomes, many labeled with 3H-proline, also increased in number after colchicine administration. A gradual decline in 3H proline label occurred from 4 to 24 hours, presumably due to exocytosis of dense bodies or by the digestion of labeled collagen precursors within autophagosomes. These results support the concept that an intact microtubular network is essential for the organized transport of collagen precursors, from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, and the eventual transport and exocytosis of collagen secretory granules. PMID- 7340566 TI - Studies on zonation in the epididymis of the guinea pig. I. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of the zone rich in large lipid droplets (zone II). AB - In the epididymis of the guinea pig, zone II exhibits striking histological features that distinguish it readily from the other six regions of the epididymis. At the light microscope level, the pseudostratified epithelium of zone II is characterized by tall principal cells that are densely packed with large, intensely staining granules or droplets ranging up to 8 mu in diameter. At the electron microscope level, the principal cells exhibit numerous large lipid droplets and abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum, which is frequently arranged in concentric whorls around one or more of the droplets. Quantitative biochemical studies comparing zone II with zones I and III show that zone II contains 2.5 - 3-fold more cholesterol and a significantly greater amount of cholesterol ester than the other two zones. These data indicate that the epididymal duct of the guinea pig includes a clearly defined region of epithelial cells possessing ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics consistent with steroidogenic activity. The potential significance of these observations to the epididymal physiology of the guinea pig and epididymal physiology in general is discussed. PMID- 7340567 TI - A proposed mechanism for the early development of the human tracheobronchial tree. AB - The development of the lung in 25 human embryos and early fetuses up to 140 mm crown-rump length was studied by examination of serial histologic sections, morphometry, and selected reconstructions. The proportion of pulmonary tissue consisting of tracheobronchial tree increases during this period. Bronchial cross sectional diameter, length of the most distal bronchial branches, and thickness of the distal mesenchyme decline during development. The results are consistent with the concept that the dichotomous branching of the growing tracheobronchial tree occurs because of resistance to forward growth f the bronchial branch by compresses mesenchyme, pleura, or adjacent structures. Division and further growth of the bronchus takes place in areas of lower resistance. This process produces a "filling in" of space available for lung development and brings the epithelial and mesenchymal elements into their definitive relationships. PMID- 7340568 TI - Ephemeral, rudimentary glomerular structures in the mesonephros of the mouse. PMID- 7340569 TI - Trophic effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the early development of the rat parotid gland: a quantitative ultrastructural study. AB - Rats were sympathetically denervated on one side by avulsion of the superior cervical ganglion either immediately after birth (within 4 hr) or when the salivary glands were fully developed. Nine weeks after ganglionectomy the parotid glands were subjects to microscopical studies. As shown by the lack of specific fluorescence, sympathetic denervation caused an almost total depletion of catecholamines in the acini. This was further substantiated at the electron microscopic level using KMnO4 as fixative. No alterations in either gland weight or in acinar cell size were noticeable after adult sympathectomy. On the other hand, neonatal denervation caused a decrease in gland weight as well as ascinar cell hypotrophy. The mean volume of individual acinar cells was reduced by roughly 25% and the granule volume density by about 50%. Also the mean volume of individual granules was decreased. These findings indicate an important role for the sympathetic nerve system in the maturation of the rat parotid gland. PMID- 7340570 TI - A morphologic and morphometric analysis of fetal lung development in the sheep. AB - In the sheep, fetal lung development proceeds to a later stage of maturity than in smaller laboratory animals. Of the four stages in pulmonary development recognizable in this species - embryologic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and aveolar - the latter three are described in the present study using histologic, morphometric, and ultrastructural techniques. During the pseudoglandular stage, the major airways developed centrifugally. Cartilaginous, glandular, muscular, vascular, and neural elements were present in major airway walls from an early age. During the canalicular stage, volume expansion of the lung was accomplished by rapid growth of large terminal spaces. In the final stage, alveoli were formed following subdivision of the large terminal spaces by alveolar crests. The alveolar lining epithelium differentiated during the latter two stages producing a large increase in alveolar surface area, particularly during the alveolar stage; a large increase in pulmonary capillary surface area also accompanied alveolar development. Thus, just prior to birth, the fetal sheep lung has a well developed air-way system and alveolar network, in preparation for postnatal gas exchange. PMID- 7340571 TI - Fiber contribution from the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve to the trochlear nerve in the cat: a histological quantitative study. AB - The fiber connections between the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus and tract and the trochlear nerve root of 15 cats were examined after silver impregnation of the pontomescencephalic region of the brains. The results revealed that: (a) some of the mesencephalic root fascicles join the trochlear root, (b) some of the mesencephalic root cells contribute their processes to the trochlear root, and (c) some mesencephalic cells are found amidst the fibers of the trochlear nerve during its intrabulbar course. The fibers of the trochlear nerve were counted at certain preselected sites before and after crossing the mesencephalic nucleus. The statistical data obtained indicated that the trigeminal mesencephalic root contributes 4-10% of the fibers of the trochlear nerve, before it crosses the mesencephalic nucleus. PMID- 7340572 TI - Nuclear bodies as structural indicators of estrogenic stimulation in uterine luminal epithelial cells. AB - Preliminary evidence has indicated that the number of nuclear bodies in uterine luminal epithelial cells of the immature rat may be related to the duration of nuclear retention of the estrogen receptor complex (Clark et al., 1978). To test this hypothesis, an ultrastructural analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic differentiation was performed at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr after a single injection of estradiol or nafoxidine (synthetic estrogen agonist/antagonist) into 21 day female rats. Variations in nuclear and cytoplasmic differentiation and in the frequency of occurrence of nuclear bodies (simple and complex) were determined and compared with established biochemical changes in the concentration of nuclear estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase activity (Clark et al., 1978). Following nafoxidine there is sustained elevation of the nuclear concentration of the estrogen receptor as well as RNA polymerase I and II activities over the entire 72-hr period. From 4 to 72 hr the height of the luminal epithelial cell as well as the frequency of nuclear bodies increase at linear rates. Through steady expansion of the cytoplasmic membrane system (RER) and Golgi) the relatively undifferentiated epithelial cells of the control uterus are converted progressively into ones equipped for protein secretion. At 72 hr the effects of an estradiol implant resemble closely those observed after a single injection of nafoxidine; these include sustained nuclear receptor occupancy, elevated RNA polymerase activity, epithelial hypertrophy, and high frequency of nuclear bodies. However, after a single injection of estradiol, the luminal epithelial cells become slightly but significantly taller than the control cells and remain close to this size from 24 to 72 hr.; the frequency of nuclear bodies decreases linearly from 4 to 72 hr to fall below the control level. In addition, limited cytoplasmic autolysis is evident from 24 to 72 hr. A single injection of estradiol results in short-term nuclear receptor occupancy and elevated RNA polymerase activities which return to control levels by 24 hr. This collective evidence offers further support to the hypothesis that the duration of nuclear occupancy by the estrogen receptor is reflected in the size of the nuclear body populations in these epithelial target cells. Also during hyperestrogenization, epithelial hypertrophy is accompanied by steady formation of nuclear bodies. PMID- 7340573 TI - Comparisons of hemagglutination inhibition, staphylococcal clumping, and latex agglutination tests for canine fibrinolytic degradation products. AB - Two assay systems for fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDP) in canine serum, the glutaraldehyde erythrocyte hemagglutination-inhibition immunoassay (GEHII) and the staphylococcal clumping test (SCT), were compared for reactivity with the plasmin digests of canine fibrinogen and with sera obtained from dogs suspected of having circulating FDP, The GEHII reacted well with early and late plasmin digests of fibrinogen. With early-stage fibrinogen digests, the SCT was more reactive than was GEHII. However, after the appearance of D and E fragments in the digests, SCT reactivity decreased progressively during plasminolysis. The sensitivities of GEHII and SCT for assaying FDP were 0.5 and 0.125 microgram of fibrinogen equivalent/ml, respectively. Serum FDP values for dogs with desease were comparable, with values ranging from 1 to 122 micrograms/ml by GEHII and 8 to 64 micrograms/ml by SCT. One dog with fulminating disseminated intravascular coagulation had a serum FDP value of 128 micrograms/ml by SCT and 179 micrograms/ml by GEHII. Howeever, normal canine sera had values by SCT of 4 to 16 micrograms of fibrinogen equivalent/ml, whereas normal values by GEHII were 0.5 to 2 micrograms/ml. Serum FDP concentrations were also determined for healthy and diseased dogs by latex-agglutination test. The dog with fulminating disseminqated intravascular coagulation had a FDP value of greater than 40 micrograms/ml, and only 1 other diseased dog had greater than 10, but less than 40 micrograms of fibrinogen equivalent/ml. All other dogs were considered negative, with FDP values of less than 10 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7340574 TI - Alterations of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in dogs with hepatic disease. AB - Reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT) of undiluted and serial dilutions of citrated platelet poor plasma were determined for 30 healthy dogs. The PT and APTT were similarly determined for 32 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. Hepatic disease was confirmed by histopathologic examination of hepatic biopsy materials and comprised degeneration (13 dogs), inflammation (11 dogs), cirrhosis (4 dogs), and neoplasia (4 dogs). Coagulation test values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities and Bromsulphalein retention for sensitivity in detecting hepatic disease in the dog. Coagulation test results were at variance with reference values in 66% of the 32 dogs with hepatic disease; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased in 59%, 72%, and 75%, respectively and Bromsulphalein retention was increased in 22% of the 32 dogs. Thus, the PT and APTT were sensitive indicators of hepatic disease. However, the PT and APTT lacked specificity for any given hepatic disease. The sensitivity of the coagulation tests for detecting hepatic disease was enhanced by using dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma. Only 15% of dogs with hepatic disease showed variances from reference values in the coagulation tests done with undiluted plasma, but 66% showed variances in the tests with dilutions of plasma. Coagulation tests were also done in 13 dogs with normal hepatic function amd morphology, but with various extrahepatic diseases: chronic renal disease (5 dogs), dirofilariasis (4 dogs), encephalitis (1 dog), cutaneous disease (2 dogs), and femoral fracture (1 dog). Twelve of the 13 dogs had coagulation test values within the reference intervals. PMID- 7340575 TI - Exercise in the dog with Dirofilaria immitis infection. AB - Cardiopulmonary function in Beagles that had been infected 18 months previously with 100 infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae was studied before and after an exercise program. The treadmill exercise program lasted for 2.5 months at 5 days per week until the dogs were running for 20 minutes at 11.3 km/hr up a 9% grade. Although the Beagles had mild pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure before training of 26.8 +/- 2.2 [SD] mm of Hg) and radiographic signs of cardiopulmonary disease, the dogs tolerated the program without signs of congestive heart failure or further development of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary arterial pressure was not increased during the 20-minute exercise period when measured at the completion of the 10-week exercise program. PMID- 7340576 TI - Electrodiagnostic analysis of peripheral neuropathy in dogs with diabetes mellitus. AB - An elecrodiagnostic analysis was conducted on 5 dogs with spontaneously occurring diabetes mellitus that were maintained for a long-term study on canine diabetes. Abnormal electromyographic findings consisted of fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, and fasciculation potentials in the limb muscles of most dogs, The mean values (+/- SD) for motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of the ulnar and sciatic-tibial nerves were 57.6 +/- 11.2 and 52.1 +/- 7.4 m/s, respectively, for the 5 diabetic dogs. Values for motor NCV for clinically normal dogs in this laboratory were 56.0 +/- 7.6 and 66.6 +/- 7.1 m/s, respectively. The mean value (+/- SD) for the sensory NCV of the lateral superficial radial nerve in the diabetic dogs determined 4 months later was 45.2 +/- 7.9 m/s, compared with 53.1 +/- 6.0 m/s for normal dogs. Analysis of the evoked potentials recorded from the interosseous muscle after sciatic-tibial nerve stimulation revealed decreased amplitudes. Potentials evoked by stimulation at the hip, as compared with potentials evoked by stimulation at the hock, had temporal dispersion and diminished amplitude in the majority of the diabetic dogs. PMID- 7340577 TI - Protective immunity against clinical toxoplasmosis in dairy goats vaccinated with Hammondia hammondi and Hammondia heydorni. AB - To determine the virulence of Toxoplasma gondii, twelve 2- to 3-month-old goats were inoculated orally with 1,000 to 100,000 infective oocysts of the GT-1 strain of T gondii. Four of 4 goats inoculated with 100,000 oocysts, 4 of 4 goats inoculated with 10,000 oocysts, and 2 of 4 inoculated with 1,000 oocysts died (or became moribund) of acute toxoplasmosis 7 to 26 days after inoculation. Goats vaccinated with Hammondia hammondi or H heydorni were challenge exposed with 10,000 or 100,000 oocysts (10 or 100 median lethal doses). Four of 4 goats vaccinated with H hammondi survived after challenge exposure with 10,000 T gondii oocysts, whereas only 2 of 4 goats survived challenge exposure with 100,000 T gondii oocysts. Of 4 goats vaccinated with H heydorni, 3 died or were euthanatized 13, 14, and 26 days after challenge exposure with 10,000 T gondii oocysts. Goats vaccinated with H hammondi developed low levels of Sabin-Feldman dye test antibodies (less than or equal to 1:64) to T gondii antigen, whereas H heydorni-vaccinated goats generally remained seronegative. The results indicate that goats may be a model to investigate immune protection after vaccination with H hammondi against clinical toxoplasmosis in animals. PMID- 7340578 TI - Reproductive performance of gilts exposed to porcine parvovirus at 56 or 70 days of gestation. AB - A total of 18 pregnant gilts, which were free of antibody for porcine parvovirus (PPV), were exposed oronasally to PPV on either the 56th day (9 gilts) or 70th day (9 gilts) of the gestation to determine whether infection at these times would affect their reproductive performance. The gilts were either necropsied late in gestation or allowed to farrow, and their fetuses and pigs were tested for evidence of infection. Gilts remained clinically healthy throughout the experiment, and none farrowed prematurely. litters of 7 of 9 gilts exposed to PPV at 56 days of the gestation were infected transplacentally, and PPV caused death of fetuses in 5 of the infected litters. These litters comprised 29 dead fetuses (2 to 12/litter) and 31 live fetuses or pigs (1 to 10/litter). In addition, PPV may have been directly or indirectly responsible for an increased frequency of stillbirth and neonatal death, but the role of PPV in these conditions was difficult to assess. Litters of 6 to 9 gilts exposed to PPV at 70 days of the gestation also were infected transplacentally, but in contrast to earlier infection, PPV did not cause fetal death in these litters. PMID- 7340580 TI - Infection of splenectomized calves with Anaplasma ovis. AB - An Anaplasma was not recovered from 2 splenectomized calves at 17 days after A ovis inoculation, but was recovered from 1 of the calves at 177 days after inoculation. In a 3rd calf exposed to A ovis, an Anaplasma was recovered at 177 and 262 days after inoculation. the Anaplasma recovered from these calves was determined to be A ovis on the basis of cross-infectivity trials, using Anaplasma marginale. PMID- 7340579 TI - Chemoprophylaxis of vector-borne anaplasmosis with sustained-release boluses. AB - Sustained-release oxytetracycline boluses (20%) delivering 145 to 150 mg/bolus/day were administered to complement-fixation test-negative cattle at dosages of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight. Subsequent challenge exposure of cattle with Dermacentor andersoni Stiles infected with Anaplasma marginale Theiler indicated that treatment with the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg prevented clinical anaplasmosis and that treatment with the dosage of 3.0 mg/kg prevented disease infection. PMID- 7340581 TI - Gentamicin tissue concentration in various avian species following recommended dosage therapy. AB - Plasma and tissue drug concentrations were compared in eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus) and pigeons (Columba livia) given gentamicin by IM administration at the dosage of 10 mg/kg, and in greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) and hybrid rosybill ducks (Netta sp) given the same antibiotic at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Quail and cranes had significantly higher liver concentrations of gentamicin at 6 hours after injection than did pigeons and ducks. Cranes had significantly higher plasma concentrations than did ducks at 6 hours after injection. Compared with plasma values, gentamicin concentrations were significantly higher in the liver of cranes at 12 hours after injection, and in the kidneys at 18 hours. PMID- 7340582 TI - Use of solid medium for isolation of leptospires of the Hebdomadis serogroup from bovine milk and urine. AB - Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak were isolated from the milk of experimentally infected cows only when using bovine albumin polysorbate-80 solid medium. Semisolid media, with and without the addition of 5-fluorouracil, and hamster inoculations were also used in the isolation attempts. These cultural isolation methods were also compared using cows' urine. Semisolid medium with 5 fluorouracil proved to be the most successful. However, the other methods were satisfactory, with solid medium having the lowest percentage of cultural isolations. PMID- 7340583 TI - Responses of shorn and full-fleeced lambs given two levels of feed intake and exposed to warm and cold temperatures. AB - Studies on the effect of fleece length (5 and 85 mm) and feed intake (1 and 2 kg/day) were conducted in 9- to 10-month-old wether lambs kept at 2 environmental temperatures (-12.3 and 17.8 C). Digestion coefficients were lower (P less than 0.05) at the high level of intake and in cold-exposed lambs. Rectal temperature was lower (P less than 0.05) in lambs kept at - 12.3 C. Respiration rate increased (P less than 0.05) with increasing environmental temperature and higher feed consumption. Blood glucose and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations were not affected by feed intake level or fleece length. Glucose was higher (P less than 0.05) and plasma was lower (P less than 0.05) in lambs at low temperatures. Serum free fatty acids were increased (P less than 0.05) in lambs given the low feeding level and kept at the low temperature. Plasma thyroxine and protein-bound iodine concentrations were lower (P less than 0.10) in full-fleeced lambs and were higher (P less than 0.05) at the low temperature. PMID- 7340584 TI - Prevention of abortion and neonatal death due to toxoplasmosis by vaccination of goats with the nonpathogenic coccidium hammondia hammondi. AB - Six does serologically negative to toxoplasma gondii were vaccinated with 1 million oocysts of the nonpathogenic coccidiym Hammondia hammondi 17 to 73 days before breeding. Two does were not inoculated with H hammondi. All does were mated with a T gondii-free buck. Between the 51st and 119th days of their pregnancies, 5 of the 6 Hammondia-vaccinated does and the 2 controls were each inoculated orally with 1,000 infective oocysts of the GT-1 strain of T gondii. Four of the 5 Toxoplasma-inoculated vaccinated does gave birth to 8 apparently healthy kids at the expected gestation period. The 5th vaccinated doe gave birth to 3 kids that died during delivery or were born dead. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in mice inoculated with tissues of all kids born to vaccinated does. The vaccinated doe which was not inoculated with T gondii gave birth to 2 healthy noninfected kids. Of the 2 control pregnant does (not vaccinated, but inoculated with T gondii), 1 aborted due to toxoplasmosis 17 days after inoculation. The other control doe had 2 dead fetuses and retained fetal membranes in uterus when necropsied at the expected parturition time. the results indicate that it might be possible to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmic abortions in animals. PMID- 7340585 TI - Postnatal morphogenesis of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine. AB - The proximal ulnae of 79 swine ranging in age from 1 day to 2 years were radiographed and those of 46 of the swine were studied histologically. The anconeal process was a hyaline cartilaginous model at birth but ossified by 6 months of age. Endochondral ossification began at the base of the anconeal process and progressed in a pyramidal manner toward its apex. Secondary center of ossification was not observed in porcine anconeal processes examined. A lesion in the anconeal process of a 2-year-old animal was interpreted as a fracture of the anconeal process, and not a fracture of an anconeal physis. Implications of the development of the anconeal process as related to osteochondrosis in swine were discussed. PMID- 7340586 TI - Plasma and tissue concentrations of oxytetracycline in the horse after intravenous administration. AB - Oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered IV to 3 clinically normal horses at a dosage of 10 mg of OTC/kg of body weight. Plasma OTC concentrations were determined at 30-minute intervals until postinjection minute (PIM) 240. At PIM 240, the mean OTC concentration in pulmonary tissue was 3.96 microgram/g of tissue (wet weight) and in renal tissue was 25.47 micrograms/g. diluted bronchial fluid had a mean concentration of 0.288 microgram of OTC/ml at PIM 240. The data demonstrated that OTC has adequate tissue distribution in horses. PMID- 7340587 TI - Coagulation studies f plasmas from healthy domesticated animals and persons. AB - Optimal reaction conditions for the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 1-stage prothrombin time (PT), and Russell's viper venom time were studied for pooled plasmas of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs, cats, and persons. Changes in CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations had significant effects on the APTT and PT reactions. The APTT was more sensitive than the PT to changes in CaCl2 concentration. The CaCl2 concentration recommended by the manufacturer for the APTT was suboptimal for some of plasmas of domesticated animals in ths study. Infusorial earth (Celite, activator) concentration provided by the manufacturer was optimal for plasmas of all species, with exception of horses and swine. Optimal incubation times for the APTT for the equine, bovine, ovine, and caprine plasmas were shorter than the 5 minutes recommended for human plasma. Optimal incubations for porcine and canine plasmas were longer than 5 minutes. The APTT and PT of all plasmas were stable for up to 3 hours' storage at 4 C in all species' plasmas tested with exception of the porcine plasma. PMID- 7340588 TI - Longevity and productivity of Taenia taeniaeformis in cats. AB - The longevity and productivity of Taenia taeniaeformis were studied in experimentally infected cats. Nineteen of 20 cats became infected after they were given 8 to 12 strobilocerci. In 8 cats, mean prepatent period was 47.1 days +/- 5.9 SEM (34 to 80 days). Patent periods in the infected cats were 7 to 34 months. In 11 cats in which the infections were allowed to terminate naturally (spontaneous recovery), mean patient period was 17.4 months +/- 2.3. Two of these cats were then given a 2nd dose of strobilocerci and both became reinfected. The mean daily proglottid output in 6 cats followed throughout the patent period was 4.3 +/- 0.5. Destrobilization occurred spontaneously and sporadically throughout the infection, but did not always increase at the time of natural termination. Usually, proglottid productivity began to decrease after the 1st year of infection. Shed proglottids contained 0 to 12,180 eggs, with a mean of 1,606 +/- 402, but more than 60% of the segments contained 500 or less. Taenia taeniaeformis appeared to be as persistent as other taeniids, such as T ovis and T hydatigena in the dog, but it was far less prolific as an egg producer. PMID- 7340589 TI - Cytotoxic activity of pathogenic Alcaligenes faecalis in turkey tracheal organ cultures. AB - Turkey tracheal organ cultures were used to study the virulence of Alcaligenes faecalis isolants that have been shown to be pathogenic for turkey poults. Viable infected and noninfected tracheal rings were examined by phase-contrast microscopy, and fixed stained sections were examined by light microscopy. Alcaligenes faecalis at concentrations of 10(8) and 10(9) colony-forming units/ml caused ciliostasis, hydropic degeneration (characterized by blebbing of the plasma membrane, cellular swelling, and cytoplasmic vacuolation), and eventual sloughing of the ciliated epithelium. Only ciliated epithelial cells appeared affected. For comparison, other bacterial isolants not pathogenic for turkeys were tried in this system. These bacterial isolants included 3 isolants of A faecalis from human beings and isolants of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and A faecalis from turkeys. Inoculation of each of these bacterial cultures onto tracheal organ cultures failed to produce the lesions described. PMID- 7340591 TI - [Proceedings of the 4th National Industrial Hygiene Convention, Rome, 13-14 December 1979]. PMID- 7340590 TI - Atrophic gastritis in a Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and two red-eared turtles (Chrysemys scripta elegans). AB - Atrophic gastritis, with concomitant pseudopyloric metaplasia, occurred in a tortoise and 2 turtles. Mild gastritis, with some atrophy of gastric glands and minor loss or oxynticopeptic cells which were replaced by mucous cells, was observed in the Hermann 's tortoise (Testudo hermanni). Chronic atrophic gastritis, characterized by inflammation and atrophy of glandular elements, with changes resembling pseudopyloric metaplasia, was seen in 2 red-eared turtles (Chrysemys scripta elegans). The 3 animals had extensive renal lesions with von Kossa's stain-positive mineral deposits in the stomach and in other soft tissues. In 2 clinically normal red-eared turtles, the gastric fundic glands were of compound tubuloacinar type. whereas those of the cardiac and pyloric regions had a simple tubular structure. PMID- 7340592 TI - [Use of various technics of isolating atmospheric dusts in a mining environment and the importance of a granulometric distribution study]. PMID- 7340593 TI - [Various methods of assessing the atmospheric dustiness in cotton mills]. PMID- 7340595 TI - [Theoretical study of asbestos fiber residues in air]. PMID- 7340594 TI - [Assessment of the environmental dustiness in the textile industry by different sampling methods]. PMID- 7340596 TI - [X-ray fluorescence: an important technic for the analysis of environmental samples]. PMID- 7340597 TI - [Measurement of yttrium in work environments by X-ray fluorescence]. PMID- 7340598 TI - [Selenium determination in the dusts of work environments]. PMID- 7340599 TI - [Evaluation of organic vapors in work environments]. PMID- 7340600 TI - [Use of charcoal cloths in the isolation of organic vapors]. PMID- 7340601 TI - [Determination of solvent vapors with activated charcoal: desorption efficiency]. PMID- 7340602 TI - [Determination of dibutyl phthalate- and dioctyl phthalate-based plasticizers in the air of work environments]. PMID- 7340603 TI - [Physiological characteristics of glass factory workers under thermal stress]. PMID- 7340604 TI - [Evaluation of thermal comfort in a work environment: the possibility of analytical objective assessment of the average response of workers]. PMID- 7340605 TI - [PMV ("predicted mean vote"): calculation of the metabolic cost of work and a comparison with heat stress indices]. PMID- 7340606 TI - [Noise characteristics in the mining industry]. PMID- 7340607 TI - [Risk of local vibrations in a foundry: the industrial hygiene aspects]. PMID- 7340608 TI - [The merit of assessing human exposure limits to vibrations]. PMID- 7340609 TI - [Vibration-induced arteriopathies of the upper extremities: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7340610 TI - [Evaluation of the job risk from fluorides in the primary aluminum production industry]. PMID- 7340611 TI - [Environmental and medical characteristics in a methane desulfurization plant with special reference to the risk of arsenic poisoning]. PMID- 7340612 TI - [Environmental pollution in a mill for the production of an Fe-Cr alloy]. PMID- 7340613 TI - [Metal pollutants present in the emissions from solid urban refuse incinerators]. PMID- 7340614 TI - [Assessment of the zinc risk in thermal zincification factories: environmental monitoring]. PMID- 7340615 TI - [Assessment of the zinc risk in thermal zincification factories: monitoring of employees]. PMID- 7340616 TI - [Metal exposure in a zinc production mill]. PMID- 7340617 TI - [Environmental and biological monitoring of workers exposed to Pb, Zn and Cu in bronze artwork foundries]. PMID- 7340618 TI - [Evaluation of the metal pollution from welding work]. PMID- 7340619 TI - [Industrial hygiene and the lead absorption risk in the employees of gas stations in Trento Province]. PMID- 7340620 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems connected with the recovery of alkyl lead from the sea bed]. PMID- 7340621 TI - [Risk of lead poisoning in the polyvinyl chloride processing industry]. PMID- 7340622 TI - [Lead pollution in the enameling unit of ceramics plants: data development and a proposed concentration limit for lead in enamels]. PMID- 7340623 TI - [Determination of selenium, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, copper and silver by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in aerosols from the work environments in the color TV electronics industry]. PMID- 7340624 TI - [Formaldehyde exposure: value and significance of statistical projection. I. Judgment of a standard]. PMID- 7340625 TI - [Automatic processing of data on environmental vinyl chloride monomer obtained by automatic gas chromatography]. PMID- 7340626 TI - [Risks connected with exposure to mineral oils in work environments]. PMID- 7340627 TI - [Percutaneous absorption of trieline with warning levels of the biological indices]. PMID- 7340628 TI - [Environmental pollution by the solvents in shoe factories]. PMID- 7340629 TI - [Industrial hygiene studies in 2 typical work units of the major repair shops of the Italian State Railways]. PMID- 7340630 TI - [Determination of hydrocarbons in the work areas of refineries. An attempt to set a limit for total hydrocarbons]. PMID- 7340631 TI - [Environmental risk studies in a refinery]. PMID- 7340632 TI - [Interaction between benzimidazole and organophosphate fungicides: initial experimental toxicology results]. PMID- 7340633 TI - [Use of the calculation of survival times in environmental toxicology: indications and limits]. PMID- 7340634 TI - [Exact x-ray analysis with an energy analyzer and a wave length analyser. Application to the recognition of asbestos fibers]. PMID- 7340635 TI - [Environmental hazard in the production of Siennese travertine]. PMID- 7340636 TI - [Possibilities presented by a sister chromatid exchange study for assessing the oncogenic risk in the work environment]. PMID- 7340638 TI - [Occupational exposure to technical hexane: a study of its biotransformation products detectable in the urine]. PMID- 7340637 TI - [Lymphocyte chromosome aberrations in subjects chronically exposed occupationally to vinyl chloride monomer]. PMID- 7340639 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of urinary metabolites of chloroethylene derivatives]. PMID- 7340640 TI - [Attempt to correlate between environmental styrene at low concentrations and its urinary mandelic acid metabolite]. PMID- 7340641 TI - [Alveolar air as an index of exposure to solvents]. PMID- 7340642 TI - [Correlation between exposure to inorganic mercury vapors and hydrargyruria in the workers of a sodium chloride plant]. PMID- 7340643 TI - [Determination of plasma lead by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy]. PMID- 7340644 TI - [Drug interference in the biological monitoring of lead exposure]. PMID- 7340645 TI - [Liver function study of employees in polyvinyl chloride production]. PMID- 7340646 TI - [Cardiovascular reactivity of the rat after chronic exposure to cadmium or lead]. PMID- 7340647 TI - [Environmental hygiene interventions in an adhesive tape factory: initial results]. PMID- 7340649 TI - [Effects of the design of a soundproofed room in an expandable polystyrene plant]. PMID- 7340648 TI - [Soundproofing of the machine shops near the Porto Marghera petrochemical plant]. PMID- 7340651 TI - Dilantin cataract. PMID- 7340650 TI - [Intervention near the central pumping stations of a pipeline for noise abatement]. PMID- 7340652 TI - Surgical management of cataract and glaucoma. PMID- 7340653 TI - Head tilt test in Duane's syndrome. PMID- 7340654 TI - Childhood recurrent idiopathic paralysis of the lateral rectus. AB - Five case histories are discussed to emphasize the features of childhood recurrent idiopathic paralysis of the lateral rectus (CRIPLR). These features include (1) at least one recurrence of the paralysis, (2) a paralysis that may be so brief as to be overlooked or ignored; (3) lack of serious sequelae similar to lateral rectus dysfunction following viral illness; (4) left-sided involvement; and (5) the idiopathic nature of CRIPLR reflecting our inability to discover a cause. PMID- 7340655 TI - Bilateral posterior internal ophthalmomyiasis. AB - Ophthalmomyiasis describes invasion of the eye by parasitic larvae (maggots) of certain flies in the order Diptera. In external ophthalmomyiasis, the larva is external to the globe, whereas internal ophthalmomyiasis designates those cases in which the larva is present within an intact globe. The latter group are further subdivided into anterior involvement (anterior chamber) and posterior involvement (posterior segment). Subretinal tracks are a recognized manifestation of posterior internal ophthalmomyiasis. In every case report that we found the subretinal tracks were described as unilateral. We describe a patient who had bilateral subretinal tracks. PMID- 7340656 TI - Choroidal osteoma: two cases in Japanese women. AB - Two cases of choroidal osteoma in otherwise healthy Japanese women are presented; the first case resembled a macular degeneration with subretinal neovascularization, the other, a diffuse amelanotic choroidal melanoma. With advanced ancillary diagnostic methods and changing concepts of prognosis and treatment of choroidal melanoma, a small atypical or doubtful choroidal melanoma should be studied carefully before hasty enucleation. PMID- 7340657 TI - Photocoagulation in retinal vein occlusion. AB - Photocoagulation was used to treat 40 eyes, 20 with central and 20 with branch vein occlusion. Panretinal photocoagulation was used over the fundus in central vein occlusion, and regional photocoagulation over the affected area in branch vein occlusion. No complications were observed during a follow-up period of 8 to 24 months. Recent as well as long-standing cases with macular edema were treated. Visual acuity improved in 85% of eyes with central vein occlusion and 80% of eyes with branch vein occlusion. Visual acuity results were more satisfactory with early treatment. PMID- 7340658 TI - Aqueous humor lactic dehydrogenase activity in normal and diseased eyes. AB - Aqueous humor lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity has been determined in 13 normal persons and 116 patients with various ophthalmic diseases. Ten postmortem measurements gave abnormally high values and were not used as a control. Aqueous humor LDH activity in 13 normal eyes ranged from 0 to 22.03 mU/ml, the highest activity being seen in retinoblastoma. This result emphasizes the importance of aqueous humor LDH activity determination in differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma from other ophthalmic disorders. PMID- 7340659 TI - Contrast sensitivity and retinal disease. AB - A new and practical test for contrast sensitivity (Arden gratings) was evaluated in retinal diseases and found to be a more sensitive indicator of dysfunction than Snellen acuity. Most patients with acuity of 20/30 or better (e.g., with retinitis pigmentosa or toxic retinopathy) showed diminished sensitivity to finely spaced gratings, while patients with poor acuity (e.g., with cone dystrophy) showed normal sensitivity to coarsely spaced gratings. Grating tests may allow earlier diagnosis and more precise follow-up of retinal disease, but their specificity for particular disorders remains to be established. PMID- 7340660 TI - Stress and uveitis. PMID- 7340661 TI - Silastic sponge implants in retinal detachment surgery. AB - Two hundred consecutive primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments repaired with Silastic sponge implants were evaluated. A primary reattachment rate of 94% and an overall reattachment rate of 95% were achieved. Two of the successful repairs became detached after six months giving a redetachment rate of approximately 1%. Eight of the 12 failures were due to massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) (overall incidence of MPP = 4%). To date, only one Silastic sponge has had to be removed because of late infection. No cases of extrusion or erosion occurred. We recommend this procedure as safe and effective. PMID- 7340662 TI - Radial perivascular lattice degeneration. PMID- 7340663 TI - [Efficient use of laboratory and instrumental tests in monitoring normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7340664 TI - [Non-verbal communication between-mother and child (author's transl)]. AB - In this preliminary study the authors try a functional analysis of the mother child dyad's communicative behaviour during the first year of life. They single out in the operant discrimination and in the model those processes which underlie the development of this particular communicative relationship. This analysis if done in the nursing, crying and playing context. PMID- 7340665 TI - [A rare endonasal foreign body (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340666 TI - [Listeria infection in the foetus and the newborn: a critical review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340667 TI - [Case of van der Hoeve's syndrome]. PMID- 7340668 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutical uses of central venous catheterization (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors have reviewed the diagnostic and therapeutical uses of central venous catheterization and its most common of introduction. Fifty-four consecutive cases of central venous catheterization via the subclavian route have been examined. The Authors have finally discussed the technique of introduction, the rate and nature of complications, the mean time of duration in place and the causes of catheter withdrawal. PMID- 7340669 TI - [Principles, means and evaluation of a programme for diabetes education (author's transl)]. AB - A programme of patient information and education, as a primary tool of diabetes treatment, has been developed during the past 5 years, aiming to an effective self-management of diabetes. The programme is patient-oriented, with an essential psychological approach, based on a realistic language and following the concepts of a simple "diabetes philosophy". The diabetes is considered as an human condition, not necessarily a disease. Two phases are proposed. The first, termed "basic information", essentially consists of: 1) an individual checklist of 20 main-items to be gradually completed, with sharing of responsibilities between professionals and diabetics, according to the Etzwiler's contract concept; 2) a set of six original slide-tapes (Bell a. Howell and Reflex projectors) and video tape films (Fairchild), with personal comments; 3) the red booklet "Condizione diabete" published in 1978 by the Karen Bruni Diabetes Centre. The second phase of the programme, termed "advanced information", is intended for a continuous up to-dating of diabetological knowledge. The means used are: 1) periodical information meetings with discussion on various existential problems of diabetics; 2) a quarterly magazine "Centro KB", in which new techniques and investigations (such as C peptide and insulin antibody determination) are explained or local events are commented. The effectiveness of the programme has been evaluated through a questionnaire given to 305 subjects attending both the diabetes ward (in-patients and out-patients) and the diabetes clinic (out patients only). The questionnaire asks 20 specific questions, of the multiple choice type, about day-to-day care complications, natural history of the diabetes, and so on. The percentage of total correct responses, as well as of correct responses to 3 key questions (hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, complicating infections) has been analyzed on a computer PDP 11/23 (FORTRAN) in relation to demographic and diabetological variables. The educational level appears to be positively correlated with attendance to the ward (initial hospitalization) in comparison to the out-patients clinic, young age and insulin-dependence, and schooling. No relationship was found between level of information and metabolic control, as assessed by HbA1C. Following conclusions are drawn: 1) the complete programme of patient education is particularly valuable for young insulin dependent (ID) diabetics, who really need and properly use the information; 2) to the adult-old, non insulin-dependent diabetics (NID) a limited information programme seems to be more suitable; 3) a separation between ID and NID diabetics has to be considered when planning a future information programme; 4) permanent hard personal engagement by the diabetologist, and continuous review and criticism of information means and techniques, are requested if the tasks of a really patient-oriented teaching have to be attained. PMID- 7340670 TI - [Neonatal hypoglycaemia: personal experience on small for date newborns and infants of diabetic mothers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340671 TI - [The perverted nystagmus (author's transl)]. AB - The perverted nystagmus is a modification of the horizontal beating nystagmus (in classical caloric stimulation) by a vertical or rotatory mainly component. Experimentally, this disorder can be shown after an unilateral destroy of the superior or median vestibular nucleus. We show 32 cases of subjects with a perverted nystagmus. 75% of these subjects have a pure central disease and 20% a vestibular neuronitis. The perverted nystagmus had an upbeat component with the cold stimulation and downbeat component with the hot stimulation. It was accompanied by a spontaneous nystagmus in 66% (and 30% with vertical nystagmus). Some abnormal responses with the simultaneous bilateral vestibular caloric testing, were found in 95%. The analysis of the results of the unilateral caloric testing shown the frequent association: hyporeflectia (canal paresis) of one side and hyper-reflects of the other side. This fact would have evoked a mixed disease, peripheric and central (i.e. the vestibular neuronitis). Beside some pathogenic hypothesis, we prefer the fall of the inhibiting control of the superior semi-circular canal firing activity. Although, the perverted nystagmus is a simple and precious examination sign (it is directly shown with Frenzel glasses after caloric vestibular stimulation. It ought to do the brain stem topography diagnosis. PMID- 7340673 TI - [Reflections concerning the reconstruction of the pinna of the ear (author's transl)]. AB - Reconstruction of the pinna of the ear is a difficult enterprise and overall results are poor. It is nevertheless essential to persist since despite the hazards of such surgery many patients wish to have an operation since they are unable to tolerate their deformity. Apart from the cutaneous problem, the most important point remains that of bitterness. There are still many partisans of the use of costal cartilage, but it would seem legitimate to also try new implantable substances, in particular microporous. Whatever the choice, it is important in all cases to establish a programme rather then improvise. This is the only way to reduce the number of operative stages, to avoid untoward scars and to decrease the number of "touching up" procedures. Despite the many difficulties which must still be resolved, a certain number of modern studies offer hope of an improvement in results. PMID- 7340672 TI - [Our experience of the diagnostic of acoustic neurinoma and of its treatment by the enlarged translabyrinthic approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340674 TI - [The rising rate of complementary examinations in suspected neurinoma of the VIIIth cranial nerve (author's transl)]. AB - E.N.T. specialists are obsessed by the diagnosis of neurinoma of the VIIIth cranial nerve. Yet none of the conventional otological or radiological examinations is entirely reliable. In a major centre all otological and radiological investigations can be carried out systematically, but diagnosing the disease with a minimum of examinations is important, would it only be to decide which patients should be referred to the neuroradiologist. Complementary otological and neuroradiological explorations are therefore requested in ever increasing number on the basis of initial symptoms and results of the first examination. Among exploratory methods, CT with injection of air occupies a prominent place as it enables neurinomas located inside the internal auditory canal to be diagnosed at an early stage. PMID- 7340675 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the ethmoid bone (author's transl)]. AB - Osteoid osteoma can be distinguished from compact osteoma by the presence in its centre of a cavity (nidus) which is distinctly visible on tomography or CT scans. Contrary to osteomas, osteoid osteomas are rarely found in facial sinuses. The authors report on one exceptional case located in the ethmoid bone and review the clinical and anatomicopathological features of this benign tumour. PMID- 7340676 TI - [A rare and late complication of rhinoplasties (author's transl)]. AB - The majority of failures after rhinoplasty are of operative origin and rapidly become evident. The two cases of complications reported here were on the contrary late since they occurred after respective periods of 4 and 10 years. They involved mucoid cysts by inclusion of nasal mucosa, requiring complete excision via an external approach. PMID- 7340677 TI - [Hypoglosso-facial anastomosis. Results in 10 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present the results of 10 hypoglosso-facial anastomoses performed according to the technique of J.M. Sterkers and J.M. Pelisse. In 9 cases regularly followed up: - Muscle tone reappeared between 4 and 5 months and was symmetrical in all cases. - Motility of the half of the face was visible between 4 and 7 months after the anastomosis. In 8 cases out of 9 the definitive result was good with muscle testing varying between 17 and 23/30. In one case palpebral occlusion was incomplete with testing at 13/30. Paralysis of one half of the tongue was invariably well tolerated. Hypoglosso-facial anastomosis has the value of reliability superior to other techniques, in particular facio-facial anastomosis. PMID- 7340678 TI - [Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in the new born (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study of 108 cases of laryngeal paralysis in new born infants (49 bilaterals and 59 unilaterals) seen during a 6 years period, the authors have analysed the evolution according to the etiology in order to propose an adequate management. The spontaneous recovery or in case of definitive paralysis the good tolerance have led the authors to propose a temporary naso tracheal intubation and later in case of bad tolerance, a laryngeal plasty rather than a classical prolonged tracheotomy. PMID- 7340679 TI - [Extended resection of the trachea. Anatomical study, limitations, pulmonary consequences (author's transl)]. AB - The authors used a series of cadavers to study tracheal elasticity, the extent of resections which still make suture possible and special methods which facilitate the latter. Pulmonary consequences were found in certain patients who had undergone resections of more than five rings. The authors studied the effects of these consequences on the pulmonary vascular supply. PMID- 7340680 TI - [The pterygo-maxillary fossa (infra-temporal fossa). Topographical division. Methods of investigation. Transmandibular approach to the region of the pterygoids (author's transl)]. AB - The pterygo-maxillary fossa, hidden behind the face under the base os the present time. The scanner has transformed the investigation of this region and offers the possibility of discovery of processes limited to the pterygo-maxillary fossa which was above all known as an area affected by the extension of tumour processes arising in the maxillary sinus of parotid. A topographical division of the pterygo-maxillary fossa is suggested on the basis of CT pictures and surgical approaches. The region of the pterygoids may be easily reached via a transmandibular, the technique of which is described. PMID- 7340681 TI - [Recurrent nerve paralysis following thyroid surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Following a brief review of anatomical features, the risk of injury to the recurrent nerve is discussed as a function of the type of operation performed: subtotal thyroidectomy, ablation of a retrosternal goitre, lobectomy, and total thyroidectomy. Particular attention has to be paid to the risk of anomaly in the nerve pathway: early division or a nerve branching directly from the Xth nerve without a recurrent pathway. Paralysis may be due to simple stretching of the nerve, when regression occurs in approximately three months. Paralysis of the recurrent nerve occurred in 1.69% of cases (7 definite, including 2 of necessity), in a series of 1 184 recurrent nerve exposures. PMID- 7340682 TI - [Ankylosis of the stapes by post-inflammatory osteogenesis (or syndrome of Coyle Shea Jr). Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Ankylosis of the stapes by post-inflammatory osteogenesis (syndrome of Coyle Shea Jr) is a pathologic entity still not well known, often confounded with otosclerosis. If surgical treatment is the same as for otosclerosis (stopedectomy, platinectomy, veinous graft and piston), the prognosis is not the same and a great carefulness is necessary, as well in operatory indications as in operatory procedure itself. PMID- 7340683 TI - [Onchocerciasis and pseudo-neoplastic eosinophil granuloma of the facial bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340684 TI - [Ethmoidal fibroma in an 18-month-old infant (author's transl)]. AB - A case of ethmoidal fibroma in an 18-month-old infant is reported, and nosological, histological, and pathogenic features of this rare affection discussed. Though similar in some respects to Jaffe Lichtensteins fibrous dysplasia in its localized form, it differs, in that it sometimes runs a rapid course and has a tendency to relapse. PMID- 7340685 TI - [Use of sodium nitroprusside in otological surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the experiment carried out on the use of sodium nitroprusside (NPS) in otological surgery. The acknowledged advantages of NPS over hypotensors and more particularly its specifically vascular, peripheral, swift action, rapidly reversible, are worth mentioning. Control over the achieved hypotension however, requires careful attention to avoid overdosage which could result in severe hypotension and "cyanhydric" intoxication. The recording of capillary pulse constitutes an easy and reliable solution to the difficulties arising from permanent control of blood-pressure and of peripheral arterial perfusion. The method both produces excellent results permitting bloodless surgery, and allows a reduction of NPS doses giver, without resorting to a invasive for measuring blood pressure. The method used in surgical fields other than otology has already proved very satisfactory. PMID- 7340686 TI - [Tracheoplasty employing the nasal septum in an extensive papillary cancer of the thyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340687 TI - [Value of manubriotomy in extensive thyroid surgery. 11 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Manubriotomy was performed in 11 cases of retrosternal goitre or extensive thyroid cancers. The advantages of this method, which is described in detail, are that sternotomy can be avoided in the majority of cases, and that the postopeuative period is particularly straightforward. PMID- 7340688 TI - [Teflon paste injection in vocal cord paralysis. Our experience and the future of injection techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty nine cases of vocal cords in abduction following recurrent nerve paralysis has been treated with teflon paste injection. Most of them were secondary to pulmonary neoplasms. All injections are done under general anesthesia and direct laryngoscopy. Our technique give good results in 78/100 of the case with minimal complication (5/100). In the future, more physiological implants are to be used even if reinervation of tyroarytenoid muscle with neuro-muscular flaps could be used sometimes. PMID- 7340689 TI - [2d French Congress of Endocrinology. Paris, 24-26 September 1981]. PMID- 7340690 TI - [Steroid receptors in human pathology. Foreword (author's transl)]. AB - After definition of the steroid receptor concept, the different steps of steroid hormone action in the target cell which precede and succeed to the binding of hormone to its receptor are discussed. The different medical applications of steroid hormone receptors are then briefly reviewed such as the assay of steroid receptors in hormone dependant cancer, the understanding of receptor diseases and of antihormones, action, radio-imaging, radio-receptor assay and specific killing of cancer cells containing high level of receptors with bifunctional agents. PMID- 7340691 TI - [Sex-steroid receptors in malignant tumours (author's transl)]. AB - The most frequently studied tumour in a target organ for steroid activity has been breast cancer in women. The hormone-dependent nature of these tumours is now accepted as being related to the presence of oestradiol and progesterone. The fact that these receptors are found in mammary tumours might be connected with one aspect of cell differentiation which bears a close relationship to slower clinical progression. Hormonal manipulations are now employed routinely to treat other tumours of these target organs: endometrium, prostate, kidneys. Receptors of this type have been demonstrated in other solid tumours (melanoma) but hormonal treatment has given disappointing results. Tumours in organs that are not typical targets for these hormones do contain steroid receptors, but their significance in relation to cancer induction and growth phenomena has not been elucidated. PMID- 7340692 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptors and leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - Attempts made to establish a correlation between the level of glucocorticoid receptors in leucocytes of leukemic patients and any parameter of steroid sensitivity in vitro have been unsuccessful in most of the cases. These results are in part linked to the marked heterogeneity of the populations studied. In addition, differences of glucocorticoid receptors between circulating leucocytes and bone marrow cells suggest that examination of circulating cells does not accurately reflect the behaviour of the real target cell of glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 7340694 TI - [Biosynthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroglobulin (19 S, 660,000) (Tgb), the specific glycoprotein of the thyroid is the support of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It is a dimer formed of 2 identical subunits (12 S, 330,000) containing a peptide chain of Mr 300,000 to which are associated through the asparagine of Asn-X-Thr (Ser) sequences, 2 types of carbohydrate units. The peptide chain is encoded in a 33 S mRNA of 8500 bases. The nature and number of Tgb genes, their transcription and the nuclear processing of premessenger RNA are unknown. However, the recent obtaining of clones of DNA complementary to Tgb mRNA will allow a rapid study of these structures and events. Tgb chains are synthesized on heavy polysomes associated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Nascent chains are then glycosylated by association of an oligosaccharide chain (GIcNAc)2 (Man)n (Glc)n' preassembled on a lipid carrier in the membrane, followed by removal of outer glucose and elongation in the Golgi membranes to produce branches of the type NeuNAc leads to Gal leads to GlcNAc. Possible roles for oligosaccharides in the structure and biosynthesis of Tgb are actively investigated. Then the fully glycosylated protein undergoes iodination that leads with a high yield to thyroid hormone formation according to a complex process critically depending upon the native 3 dimensional structure of the protein. Thyrotropin is likely to regulate Tgb production at the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels. Cell model systems for the study of Tgb biosynthesis and thyroid function are discussed. PMID- 7340693 TI - [Physiological and pharmacological regulation of sex steroid receptors in the endometrium (author's transl)]. AB - Oestradiol and progesterone receptors concentration in endometrium is regulated by oestradiol and progesterone themselves. Oestradiol induces the two types of receptors, mainly the progesterone receptor. Progesterone decreases the production of the two types of receptors and probably increases the turnover of its own receptor. Pharmacological agents, synthetic oestrogen and progestins, behave similarly. The antioestrogen tamoxifen has a partial agonistic action of the oestrogen type on progesterone receptor induction. These observations, however, concern the whole tissue. At the cellular level, the regulation of the production of the two receptor types may indeed be different from what is observed in the entire tissue. Finally recent data on the presence of specific binding sites for antioestrogens and on receptor heterogeneity justify new studies of these regulating factors. PMID- 7340695 TI - [The insulin receptors of the blood cells and their study in disease states in man (author's transl)]. AB - In man, the assay of insulin receptors is performed on circulating monocytes or erythrocytes. In physiology, insulin binding decreases with age; it is lower in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or during administration of oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives; it exhibits diurnal variation; it increases after physical training; it depends on the diet, being inversely correlated with its carbohydrate content; finally, rapid variations in binding affinity are observed after glucose ingestion or after breakfast. In pathology, obese people are resistant to the effects of insulin and they have decreased numbers of receptors on blood cells; short-term fasting induces an increase in the binding affinity, while a long term hypocaloric diet leads to an increase in receptor numbers. Similarly non-insulin-dependent, maturity onset diabetics, even without overweight, have low numbers of binding sites, which are increased by diet or after treatment by sulfonylureas. In the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans, there is a decrease in hormone binding, which is either primary (Type A) or is secondary to the effects of circulating antibodies to the insulin receptor (Type B). In acromegaly, insulinomas, liver cirrhosis and acute viral diseases the binding of insulin is decreased. On the contrary, variable results have been reported in cases of lipoatrophic diabetes, leprechaunism, uremia and glucocorticoid administration. Finally, an increase in insulin receptors has been observed in anorexia nervosa and in insulino-penic diabetes. PMID- 7340696 TI - [Motility of human spermatozoa (author's transl)]. AB - Microcinematography has permitted the analysis of human sperm motility and the definition of various parameters which can be used to characterize such movements. The locomotor apparatus of the sperm flagellum consists of an axoneme to which has been added the dense fibers and the fibrous sheath. A dysfunction of flagellar locomotion may be caused by mutations resulting in various structural defects of which the most common affect the dynein arms. PMID- 7340697 TI - [Semen characteristics and fertility (author's transl)]. AB - The semen characteristics of 215 fertile men (F = fathers requesting vasectomy) and of 409 infertile men (I) have been analysed under strictly identical conditions. The mean values for volume, sperm concentration, and the percentages of motile, vital and morphologically normal spermatozoa were greater in group F than in I. Seminal variations were much greater in cases of testicular lesions (cryptorchidism, hypotrophy) than in varicocele, although there remains a difference between F and I even after exclusion of all clinical lesions suggesting a role for other factors in the origin of much cases of infertility. Other than in cases of azoospermia, there is no difference in the function of the accessory glands detectable by the assay of seminal biochemical markers: fructose (seminal vesicles) acid phosphatase and citrate (prostate); only L-carnitine (epididymal marker) is elevated in the fertile men, however this difference is only a reflection of the observed difference in sperm concentration in combination with the close correlation between sperm concentration and L carnitine values. PMID- 7340698 TI - [Iodine excess and iatrogenic thyroid pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Iodine-induced thyroid disorder is frequent. Amiodarone is responsible for more than half cases of iodine-induced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Iodine induced hypothyroidism is detected by the Perchlorate discharge test where its positivity suggests failure of the normal iodine organification. An inhibition of the thyroglobulin proteolysis is probably involved in the pathological process of iodine-induced hypothyroidism. Premature infants are unusually sensitive to iodine excess. Hypothyroidism has been induced in 50% of newborns of 34 weeks or less of gestation after the application, for a few days, of iodized antiseptics. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis account for 6% of patients with hyperthyroidism. It occurs most frequently in male with prior normal thyroid gland. The main diagnosis features are the activation of the 131I uptake by exogenous TSH and the spontaneous evolution towards cure. However, in some cases, the severity of the thyrotoxicosis or the slow spontaneous resolution require surgical or medical therapy. From different therapeutic trials it seems that only corticoids and Propylthiouracile are useful. PTU, believed as the drug of choice, has however an incomplete and inconstant effect. The histochemical aspects of the iodine-induced hypo and hyperthyroidism let suppose the possibility of some common mechanism. PMID- 7340699 TI - [Modulation of T4 to T3 conversion. Comparative aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 has been demonstrated in primitive Vertebrates, larval Lampreys (which do not have thyroid follicles but synthesize T3 and T4 in the endostyle) and in more evolved Vertebrates. Up to now the presence of rT3 has never been demonstrated in fish, its eventual role in Amphibia remains to be established but seems important in chick embryo. The conversion of T4 to T3 is stimulated during amphibian metamorphosis and in salt water fish, concurrently with stimulation of thyroidal secretion. In fish, prolactin stimulates 5-deiodination of T4 directly without the involvement of the pituitary thyroid axis. PMID- 7340700 TI - [Interference in the conversion of T4 to T3 and rT3 by medications in man]. AB - Several drugs are known to interfere in thyroid hormone metabolism: 1) They can affect directly and specifically T4 to T3 conversion. This can be observed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo serum T3 concentrations will decrease and rT3 concentrations increase. Amiodarone, other iodinated compounds (cholecystographic agents: ipodate and iopanoic acid), propylthiouracil and propranolol are known to act in this way. 2) Other drugs which induce the hepatic capacity to catabolize drugs will also affect thyroid hormone metabolism, e.g. diphenylhydantoine. Clinically, inhibitors of conversion will increase serum total and free T4, however this finding per se does not proof hyperthyroidism as in some cases serum TSH will increase after i.v. injection of 400 micrograms TRH. Furthermore the increase in serum T4 can be explained in part by a low metabolic clearance rate, T4 production being barely increased. PMID- 7340701 TI - [Insufficiency and excess of vitamin D activity (author's transl)]. AB - The most important attainments acquired over the past ten years dealing with vitamin D action molecules, their intakes, photosynthesis, main effects, activation, transport, storage, inactivation, activity at the cellular levels are recalled. They are at the basis of the classification of the clinical states arising from either a deficiency or an excess of the vitamin D activity. Six mechanisms may explain the lack of activity : intake or cutaneous to solar exposure deficiency, lack of digestive absorption, liver metabolism disturbances, renal 1-hydroxylase failure, cellular receptors dysfunction, oncogenic rickets. Excess of activity result from intoxication with massive doses of vitamin D, their active metabolites or synthetized analogs ; it may also result from their hypersensitivity either idiopathic or related to sarcoidosis, thyroid as well as adrenocortical insufficiency. These data constitute an introduction to research concerning the role of vitamin D at skin level, in chondrocytes, bone cells and to a clinicopharmacological exposure. PMID- 7340702 TI - [Healthy carriers of Salmonella in the Province of Ferrara (1978-1979)]. PMID- 7340703 TI - "In vitro" sensitivity of Salmonella strains to 21 antimicrobial agents and transferable drug resistance. PMID- 7340704 TI - [The spread and decline of "Salmonella wien" in Catania (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340705 TI - [Behavior of immunoglobulins in boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 7340706 TI - [The Kasongo project. An experience in the organization of a system of primary health care]. PMID- 7340707 TI - [Unusual coloration of intestinal contents. A surprising observation and its harmless explanation]. AB - A post mortem examination of a 29 year-old man who had committed suicide by shooting himself in the head revealed pronounced discoloration of the contents of the intestines and an intensive odour of garlic from the organs. Chemical examination gave no indications for pesticides; the coloring matter was identified by electrophoresis as a constituent of beetroot. PMID- 7340708 TI - [The importance of postmortem influences on the visibility of strangulation marks]. AB - A 44 year old male alcoholic was throttled by his wife. The visible white furrow after strangulation was massaged with unguentum; afterwards, the corpse was transported with a scooter by the sons of the victim into a lake. Here, the man was found 24 hours later without any external signs of strangulation. Experimentally produced strangulation furrows (at lower legs of human deceased and at neck of shaved and deeply narcotized guinea-pigs) disappeared when exposed to water or treated with ointments. PMID- 7340709 TI - [Contribution to the danger of "free" 4 mm arms, demonstrating a fatal gunshot wound]. PMID- 7340710 TI - [The danger of absolute short distance shots from gas pistols]. PMID- 7340711 TI - [Screening and risk group concepts in oncology (author's transl)]. AB - Risk groups for cancer are characterized by (1) higher risk due to causal exposition or (2) risk indicators not causally related to cancer. Selective screening of high risk groups has to take into consideration the general preconditions of screening and additionally the special aspects of how to identify and how to reach the high risk group. Selective screening of risk groups may help to improve medical care of individuals at risk but obviously cannot reduce the cancer burden measurably. Selective screening should be integrated into basic medical care. PMID- 7340712 TI - [Screening for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in the German Democratic Republic-- an analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The cytological mass screening to prevent invasive carcinomas by detection and therapy of intraepithelial neoplasia and to detect early stages of invasive carcinomas is the most important basis for cervical cancer control. An analysis of epidemiological effects caused by mass screening programs in two districts (Berlin, capital of the GDR; Rostock) demonstrates during the last 7 years a marked increase of detected ca in situ followed by a clear decrease, a decrease of morbidity of cervical cancer (49.4/100,000 :36.1/100,000 women) and an increase of earlier stages, especially stage Ia. The highest decrease of morbidity could be observed in women aged 40--49 years (111.6 : 61.0) followed by those aged 50--59 years (91.1 : 76.1). Preliminary results demonstrate the benefit of screening program and the practicability of organization form used in the capital Berlin. A further analysis demonstrates screening activities in the whole country. a continuous increase of cytological capacities in many districts is the remarkable result of the activities and gives the assurance for further success of the cytological screening program decided for the German Democratic Republic. PMID- 7340713 TI - [Risk group oriented early detection of cervical cancer? (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective case-control-study 500 women with a carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri and 500 controls were examined by a standardized interview and compared by matched pair analysis. 8 risk factors for ca in situ were found indicating a lower social status, earlier sexual activities and more frequent inflammations of the cervix uteri. However screening programs should not be restricted to such women because it is difficult and expensive to identify and to reach the high risk group. PMID- 7340714 TI - [Screening for breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on the breast cancer screening project carried out in the city of Utrecht/Netherlands. Women aged 50 to 64 were examined by clinical examination and xeromammography. The predictice value of recommendation for biopsy was 42% (sensitivity 94%, specificity 99%). The prevalence rate of breast cancer at the first screening was 7.2 (0/00). Comparing the situation before and during the screening program the number of tumors less than 3 cm in diameter and the number of cases with negative axillary lymph nodes have increased in breast cancer patients detected by screening. PMID- 7340715 TI - [Early detection of gastrointestinal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - "Early cancers" of stomach and colon have a favourable prognosis, but mass screenings for these tumors with endoscopic or radiographic methods are ineffective and expensive. The simple nonspecific test for occult blood as a suitable method for early detection of stomach and colorectal cancer in high-risk patients seems to be more useful. Some suggestions are given to detect and to control risk groups. PMID- 7340716 TI - [Early detection of rectal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - There is an urgent need for earlier detection of colon cancer, because surgical procedures did not improve the therapeutic results. On the other side the incidence of those tumors is increasing. Early detection should be improved by better education of students, careful anamnesis, regular rectal examination in the basic medical care, more frequent use of rectoscopy without special preparation, wide use of tests for occult blood, life-long control of patients bowel adenomas and polypectomy in any case. PMID- 7340717 TI - [Screening for colorectal cancer with a test for occult blood in stool (author's transl)]. AB - Results of an occult-blood-test in 1 072 persons are reported. The test, recently registered as KRYPTO-HAEM, was developed by the Central Institute of Molecular Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. 27 patients (2.5%) had positive findings and by clinical examination 1 carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and 2 adenomas were detected. In 1 case (adenoma of the rectum) the test had a false negative result. The findings were compared with own experiences with the HAEMOCCULT-Test. The KRYPTO-HAEM-Test is recommended for screening for colorectal tumors. PMID- 7340718 TI - [The increased capacity of an Sp- and antibioresistant strain of B. laterosporus to synthesize antibiotics]. PMID- 7340719 TI - Serum and synovial fluid Ig, C3 and CRP levels in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7340720 TI - A three years experience in using MDCK cell line for influenza virus isolation (1979--1981). PMID- 7340721 TI - Specific neutralization value for rabies virus of different tissue extracts from immunized mice refractory to severe infection with Babes rabies fixed virus. PMID- 7340722 TI - Rabies vaccine (Babes strain of fixed rabies virus) inactivated with betapropiolactone. PMID- 7340723 TI - Natural mycotoxicosis in rabbits breeding farms with predominant implication of alfatoxin. Laboratory investigation. Histopathologic aspects and mycotoxicological investigations. PMID- 7340724 TI - Histopathological aspect in monkeys found dead during quarantine period. PMID- 7340725 TI - Vibrio cholerae non group O:1 associated with middle ear infection. PMID- 7340726 TI - [Protein malnutrition during fetal and post-natal development of rats. Histological study of the organs; weight increase; values of certain hematic indices]. PMID- 7340727 TI - [Hyperprotein diet during fetal and post-natal development of rats. Histological study of the organs, evaluation of weight gain and certain blood parameters]. PMID- 7340728 TI - [Changes of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in rats subjected to double stress (dry heat and fasting)]. PMID- 7340729 TI - [Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with neoplasms and hematologic diseases]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a oncofetal glicoprotein, has been regarded as specific marker for colorectal cancer initially and restricted to the significance of tumor-associated antigen afterwards. Circulating CEA levels were determined in 47 patients with hematologic malignancies, resulting elevated in 10 (21%). The highest values had been discovered in a chronic lymphocitic leukemia complicated by primary hepatoma, causing the problem of the role played by the second tumor, likewise to another CEA-positive patient with the association "Hodgkin's disease-pancreatic carcinoma". The CEA employment had not been particularly satisfactory in the therapeutic monitoring and in the early detection of the relapses, in opposition to the results referred in the colorectal, mammary and bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7340730 TI - [Calcium homeostasis and orientational considerations in evaluation and therapy of hypercalcemic syndromes]. PMID- 7340731 TI - [Bioavailability of buffered acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 7340732 TI - [Results of a mass screening for early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in a small town (Airole) of the province of Imperia]. AB - A brief review of the methods currently employed in epidemiological investigations for the early diagnosis of diabetes is followed by a description of the inland Liguria town, Airole. 228 of the 504 inhabitants came for the examination (45.2%). Known diabetics constituted 5.7% of the population examined, and diabetic-type curves were observed in 7.45% of persons negative for the presence of diabetes. Borderline curves were seen in 9.2%. A comparison is made with other epidemiological investigations of the same kind carried out in Italy, and stress is laid on their medical and social importance. PMID- 7340733 TI - [Operative technics for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Clinical results]. PMID- 7340734 TI - [The Sweet operation. Personal experience]. PMID- 7340735 TI - [Hyaluronidase concentration in vaginal secretions of patients with cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 7340736 TI - [The Pelger-Huet granulocytic anomaly: first report of 2 homozygous subjects in the same family]. AB - Pelger-Huet granulocyte anomaly is characterized by the presence of granulocytes with a non segmented nucleus and thick nuclear chromatin gathered in large lumps. In human we known two forms of the anomaly: the heterozygous form often described by many authors, and the homozygous form, very rare. With regard to morphology, the homozygous form is characterized by granulocytes with round nucleus and very coarse chromatin. In this report the presence of two homozygous carriers of the anomaly in the same family is discussed. PMID- 7340737 TI - [Diverticular perforations of the colon. Observations on 23 cases]. PMID- 7340738 TI - [Regular dialytic treatment in the Piedmont region. Results and prospects]. AB - The Piedmont planning for the prevention and treatment of chronic uremia started in 1976, with the purpose to extending full treatment of the whole region, through the development of home and self care dialysis and intensive use of hospital short dialysis. Hospital dialysis would be reserved either for new treatments or complicated or uncooperative patients. Thank to an intensive exploitation of the existing hospital centers, a 68.7% increment in the number of treated patients was achieved and costs were kept down to a limited acceptable range. With the development of home and self care dialysis, 27% of the patients were located in out-of-hospital centers, and 17% at home. The Piedmont planning concerned itself with the patients' data collected by the Regional Registry under the following items: a) characteristics of dialysis population; b) the present modes of treatment; c) the number of patients apt to varying treatments and renal transplantation; d) the epidemiology of uremia causing nephropathies. At the present time results are only preliminary. Nevertheless, the first observations showed a long and difficult work with good possibilities of success for computerized facilities in the field of dialysis, particularly in respect to regional areas which in the reformed Health Service are now considered to be operating as autonomous. PMID- 7340739 TI - [Extra-articular snapping hip]. PMID- 7340740 TI - [Uremic polyneuropathy. Case studies]. PMID- 7340741 TI - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood]. PMID- 7340742 TI - [2 cases of hairy cell leukemia]. AB - Two cases of tricholeukaemia are reported. In both, onset and course of the disease were dominated by infectious episodes of varying gravity. Diagnosis was based on the finding in the blood and bone marrow of mononucleate cells containing the characteristic cytoplasmatic projections, best recognised in the phase contrast microscope, and on the cytochemical finding of intense positivity of the acid phosphatase reaction, that a very serious septic state starting from a dental abscess was possible in a patients by associating infusions of paps of leucocyte concentrates with massive target antibiotic therapy. Splenectomy carried out in the same patient led to an increase in the number of circulating platelets and leukocytes. After operation, two episodes of cutaneous inflammation presented by the same patient were less serious than similar previous infectious episodes. PMID- 7340743 TI - [2 cases of carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction]. PMID- 7340744 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the spleen associated with intramural gastric pancreas]. PMID- 7340745 TI - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the anal canal]. PMID- 7340746 TI - [A case of intestinal occlusion: peritonitis encapsulans]. PMID- 7340747 TI - [Anatomo-clinical presentation of a case of asplenic syndrome and dextrocardia]. PMID- 7340748 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on diktyoma. Case report]. PMID- 7340749 TI - [Proposed reference list for adoption and management of disinfectant substances in hospital practice]. PMID- 7340750 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine and psychoanalytic observation: considerations on the mechanism of symptom formation]. AB - The clinical symptom, perceived at body level, such as pain, dyskinesia, circulatory changes (tachycardia, blushing, pallor) is intrinsic and simultaneous with parallel changes at the mind level, such as anxiety, sorrow, instability, joy, depression and shame. Therefore, it has to be distinguished within the symptom, the overt component - somatic alterations - and the latent component - changes in mental processes. Hence, the global psychosomatic nature is intrinsic to the clinical symptoms. PMID- 7340751 TI - [Blood glucose level in hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis]. AB - Comparative oral glucose tolerance test performed in 30 patients with hepato intestinal schistosomiasis and 30 controls, showed that the mean value of glycemia in the former group was superior. However, none of these patients show a diabetic G.T.T. curve. PMID- 7340752 TI - [Gastric emptying in children. I. Influence of the temperature of a hydration solution for oral use]. AB - The effect of temperature of solutions on gastric emptying was studied in sixteen children (8 infants and 8 newborns). At the time of the study all of them were being fed by nasogastric tube. Each baby had measured its gastric emptying for two different temperature solutions, approximately 27 degrees C and 4 degrees C, room and cold temperature. The gastric retention was calculated by knowing the injected volume, of about 20 ml per kilo of weight, the aspirated volume after 10 minutes and the obtained concentration of phenol red used as marker. The results showed a significant larger gastric retention for low temperature one. Possibly, low temperature solutions decrease the gastric peristalsis in accordance with hypothesis that low temperature solutions may inhibit vomiting. PMID- 7340753 TI - [Digestibility and protein efficiency of a mixture of rice and beans]. AB - In spite of considerable work in the area of protein quality, consideration should be given in the monitoring of methodologies. In the present investigation the author studied (in rast) digestibility (D) versus score (s) of the mixture of rice and beans or casein diets, containing different protein levels. The parameter "DS" overestimated the value of protein in relation to other methods. Milk diet at 10% of protein was efficient in all nutritional situations. PMID- 7340754 TI - [Clinical session of the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology: duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7340755 TI - [Cubital nerve injuries in shoe-stitching workers: medico-social approach]. AB - An unexampled nosologic entity in the literature is described. Nineteen patients with atrophies in the hands are studied. The occupation is shoe stitching. The etiology of disease is due to microtraumatisms of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, during the work. Research for Hansen disease in patients was negative. Electromiographic-tests in 11 patients showed lesion on the periferic motor neron. Nervous conduction speed was diminished in all cases. The treatment consisted of analgesics, B complex vitamin, prednizone, surgery with transposition of the ulnar nerve at the elbow level. Preventive measures are analysed. PMID- 7340756 TI - Neurological signs and operative indication by agenesis of the perisylvian region: a study of 13 operated cases. AB - The article reports on 13 cases of agenesis of the perisylvian region in patients aged 2 to 53 years. The agenesis occurred in the temporal operculum in 7 cases, in the frontal operculum in 5 cases and the whole fronto-parieto-temporal region in one case. The agenesis was always associated with space requiring arachnoidal cysts. Symphyses and obstruction of the flow of the basal CSF spaces were also seen. In 85% of the patients were males. The patients tend to decompensate after light cerebrocranial trauma, and in many cases surgery reveals a subdural haematoma which fills the aplastic region, due to detachment of the exposed cerebral veins effecting basal drainage. In the remaining cases, surgery was performed because of general signs of cerebral compression, exarcebation of an existing disease associated with attacks, or because of the space occupying character of the concomitant arachnoidal cysts. In patients wit agenesis of the perisylvian region without space occupying arachnoidal cysts, surgery is not performed for the time being, instead, regular neurological and CAT-Scan control is effected. PMID- 7340757 TI - [Influence of menstruation on epilepsy]. AB - From 3.457 epileptic patients, 1.574 females from 12 to 50 years old, considered probably in ovulatory age, were studied regarding the influence of menstruation upon epileptic fits. The females were compared with a group of epilepsies in general and with a group of male epileptic patients (476 cases) of same age exhibiting monthly seizures, a rhythm similar to the menstrual cycle in woman. The results led the author to the following conclusions: 1) In 353 epileptic females (22,4%) the epilepsy was influenced by the menstruation. 2) The exacerbation of fits predominate in the premenstrual and menstrual periods. 3) No significant differences was observed when compared females in ovulatory age exhibiting monthly seizures (14%) with male of similar age and similar frequency of seizures (16%); this fact is against the correlation between the cyclical events represented by epileptic fits and menstruation. 4) Focal non-temporal abnormalities predominate in the females that was influenced by menstruation. PMID- 7340758 TI - [Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus in children. I. Clinical development and mortality]. AB - The authors analized the clinical evolution and the mortality of fifty seven children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation (41.1%), meningitis (36.8%) and tumors (21.1%), that were submitted to surgical treatment for hydrocephalus, from 1970 to 1980. Insertions of ventriculostomy reservoir and of external ventricular drainage were satisfactory used to control the expanding hydrocephalus in children with meningitis, that wait insertion of the valve. The use of hypothalamic ventriculostomy with catheter has showed satisfactory results in the treatment of children with hydrocephalus due to non inflammatory origin. Ventriculoatrial shunts were utilized in few cases but were useful in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children. The operative mortality rate was 25.7%. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts showed good results in the treatment of hydrocephalus in 89.4% of the cases in the immediate post-operative time and this number drop to 88.2% at the eighteen post-operative month. The overall mortality rate was 34%. At the end of the third post-operative month 27.3% of the survivors of the children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation and meningitis submitted to ventriculoperitoneal shunts showed normal neuromotor development and at the end of the second post-operative year this number increased to 50%. The operative mortality rate in this group was 25% and the majority of death occurred due to meningitis. PMID- 7340759 TI - [Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus in children. II. Complications]. AB - The authors analized the complications of fifty seven children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation (42.1%), meningitis (36.8%) and tumor (21.1%), that were submitted to surgical treatment for hydrocephalus, from 1970 to 1980. External ventricular drainage and insertion of ventriculostomy reservoir were used to control the expanding hydrocephalus in children with meningitis. Complications weren't observed in the first procedure. Cutaneous abscess, brain abscess, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, wound dehiscence, malposition of the reservoir and local tumor were observed in the use of the ventriculostomy reservoir and these complications caused a revision rate of 0.47 revisions per patient. Hypothalamic ventriculostomy with catheter showed complications (catheter obstruction and meningitis) that caused a revision rate of 0.57 revisions per patient. Ventriculoatrial shunting procedure showed several complications (malposition of the distal catheter, malfunction of the valvular system without obstruction and infection and thrombosis of the superior vena cava), that caused a revision rate of 0.57 revisions per patient. Ventriculo peritoneal shunting procedure showed infections in 30.8%, malfunction of the valvular system in 32.2% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 17.3%, malposition of catheter in 13.5%, catheter disconnection in 9.6%, transient abdominal distension in two cases and overdrainage phenomena, ascites and abdominal pseudocyst in one case. PMID- 7340760 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome: electroneuromyographic study of 135 cases]. AB - One hundred thirty five patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were studied trough electrophysiological techniques. Nerve sensory conductions, motor conductions and electromyography were performed in all patients and the results discussed. The authors call the attention for the technic of sensory conduction stimulating palma and picking up the potentials on the wrist as the most sensitive technic for the early detection of carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7340761 TI - [Infiltration of central nervous system and meninges in lymphomas with leukemic conversion]. AB - The cases of four patients with lymphoma with leukemic conversion, who exhibited neoplastic infiltration of the central nervous system and of the meninges are reported. The anatomo-pathologic study showed the presence of small nodules of leukemic cells, in two patients. The other two patients had clinical improvement after the use of metotrexate by spinal route so that the anatomopathologic study of their CNS and meninges showed no abnormality. PMID- 7340762 TI - [Myotubular myopathy: clinical, electrophysiological and histological study of a case]. AB - A cases of myotubular myopathy in a 10 years old girl is reported. Clinically, palpebral ptosis, ocular movements limitation, facial diplegia, positivity of Gower's test, muscular hypotrophy distal, foot drop and deep absent reflexes were found. These signals were described by most of authors, besides symptoms referred, like partial urinary incontinency and frequent vomits. Reflexes H absents and teary in our patient were observed but were not described in the other cases of the literature. Routine laboratory tests were within normal limits; only aldolase was lightly elevated. In all muscles examined it was noted a spontaneous electromyographic activity with +- of 2,64 +/- 1,33 ms, 36,87 +/- 30,87 microV and 88,13 +/- 24,82 /s of frequency without characteristics of desenervation potentials of myoneural plates. The voluntary electromyographic activity was of myopathic pattern. A curve I/D made in the motor point of braquial biceps muscle was normal. The biopsy was made in the motor point of this muscle for histochemical, electron immunofluorescence and vital stain microscopy. The biopsy showed 35% of fibras with central nuclei, predominance and hypotrophy of type I fibres, in some of them there were not myofibrils in the central zone, and poor differentiation between the fibre types in oxidative enzymes reactions. The electron microscopy confirmed the histochemical studies. The direct immunofluorescence was positive in some fibres. The vital stain showed beaded subterminal motor fibres. The clinical, electromyographic and principally histological findings suggest a innervation congenital disorder of muscle fibres. PMID- 7340763 TI - [Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: report of 2 cases]. AB - The Vogt-Kayanagi-Harada ssyndrome in two negro female patients with 37 and 40 year-old, respectively, are reported. The clinic, epidemiologic, heredo-familial and immunologic aspects are discussed. PMID- 7340764 TI - [Neuroenteric cyst: report of a case]. AB - The case of 15 years old boy with an enterogenous cyst causing compression of the spinal cord at T-2 is reported. The diagnosis was made by thoracic laminectomy and confirmed by histological examination. The motor disorders improved progressively after surgery. PMID- 7340766 TI - Structural studies on the microfibrillar proteins of wool: characterization of the alpha-helix-rich particle produced by chymotryptic digestion. AB - The alpha-helix-rich particle produced by chymotryptic digestion of the reduced and alkylated microfibrillar proteins of wool was characterized by physicochemical methods. The preparations were homogeneous with respect to size and the particle molecular weight was found to be 50 200 +/- 2 000. Hydrodynamic methods indicated a length of about 20 nm for the particle. The properties of the particle, derived from two methods of isolation of the microfibrillar proteins, were identical and were also independent of the type of wool used. From a consideration of the molecular weight in denaturing solvents and from cross linking experiments with dimethyl suberimidate a four-chain structure, consisting of a pair of double-stranded alpha-helices, is proposed for the particle. PMID- 7340765 TI - Amino acid sequences containing cysteine or cystine residues in ovalbumin from eggs of the quail Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - Ovalbumin isolated from eggs of the Japanese quail, C. c. japonica, was subjected to limited proteolysis by subtilisin to give plakalbumin and then fractionated on Sephadex G75 in acid-urea to give plakalbumin S-protein and S-peptide. The plakalbumin peptide was recovered, oxidized with performic acid, and the sequence of amino acids determined from the peptides formed by enzyme digestion. There were two cysteine residues in the 33-residue sequence. The ovalbumin was also oxidized with performic acid and digested with thermolysin and pepsin before isolating, from a sulfonated polystyrene column, the acidic cysteic acid peptides, as well as acetylated N-terminal peptides and phosphorylated peptides, and determining their amino acid sequence. Additional peptide sequences containing cysteine or half-cystine were characterized. Quail ovalbumin was reduced and carboxymethylated with [2-14C]iodoacetic acid. Peptides containing labelled S-carboxymethylcysteine residues were isolated from thermolytic digests of the carboxymethylated ovalbumin by paper ionophoresis and chromatography. Their amino acid sequence was determined and five different sequences involving labelled S-carboxymethylcysteine residues were established. The presence of two half-cystine residues and the location of the disulfide bond were shown by blocking the cysteine residues with non-radioactive iodoacetic acid, reducing the disulfide bond and labelling the half-cystine residues with [2-14C]iodoacetic acid. After thermolytic digestion of the protein, radioactive peptides were isolated by paper ionophoresis and chromatography. These studies have thus shown that quail ovalbumin contains one cystine residue and three cysteine residues, which is one residue of cysteine less than in ovalbumin from the hen (Gallus gallus domesticus). There is strong homology in the amino acid sequences of hen ovalbumin and quail ovalbumin determined in these investigations. PMID- 7340767 TI - Effects of exercise and plane of nutrition on nutrient utilization by the hind limb of the sheep. AB - Net uptake, by the hind limb, of oxygen and a number of energy substrates was measured in sheep fed semicontinuously at maintenance or 1.5 times maintenance, while standing at rest or walking on a moving-belt treadmill at 0.7 ms-1, on a 10 degrees slope for 60 min. Exercise caused a six- to sevenfold increase in hind limb oxygen uptake, due mainly to increased blood flow, assisted by an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity of arterial blood. Major changes in nutrient supply and utilization included hyperglycaemia, hyperlactacidaemia, free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization, and substantially increased uptakes of glucose and FFA by the hind limb. Acetate uptake was unchanged during exercise in maintenance-fed sheep, but was significantly increased in sheep fed at levels above maintenance. Plane of nutrition had little effect on hind-limb uptake of other nutrients in resting or exercising animals. Plasma FFA were clearly the most important respiratory fuels for exercising muscle, but a previous finding that acetate utilization was negligible during exercise was not confirmed. Possible reasons for this discrepancy between present and earlier results are discussed. PMID- 7340768 TI - Muzzle secretion electrolytes as a possible indicator of sodium status in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves: effects of sodium depletion and aldosterone administration. AB - In two separate experiments, the effects of sodium depletion and aldosterone administration on sodium and potassium concentrations in muzzle secretion, saliva and urine were studied in buffalo calves. Sodium deficiency in the animals was experimentally produced by unilateral parotid saliva deprivation for 18 days. During sodium depletion, the sodium levels in saliva and muzzle secretion gradually fell while the potassium level gradually rose. The concentrations of both of these cations in urine gradually fell during the course of sodium depletion. Aldosterone administration in normal (sodium-replete) animals simulated the effects of sodium depletion as far as cationic changes in saliva were concerned. However, aldosterone did not affect sodium and potassium concentration in the urine and in muzzle secretion in a manner similar to that caused by sodium depletion. Though the hormone decreased urinary sodium without affecting urinary potassium, it did not affect the muzzle sodium or potassium. Results suggest that aldosterone affects the composition of saliva and urine in buffaloes as it does in sheep and other ruminants. Similar changes in composition of muzzle secretion and saliva during sodium depletion indicate that the concentration of sodium in muzzle secretion could possibly be used to evaluate the sodium status of animals. PMID- 7340769 TI - Induction of ovulation in seasonally anovular ewes by the introduction of rams: effects of progesterone and active immunization against androstenedione. AB - The effects of progesterone priming and active immunization against androstenedione on ovulation, oestrus ad premature luteal regression were observed in seasonally anovular Merino ewes which had been induced to ovulate by the introduction of rams. Ovulation was induced in 27 out of 36 ewes, and the response was not affected by either immunization or progesterone priming. The ovulation rate (mean number of ovulations per ewe ovulating) was higher in ewes immune to androstenedione, but there was no significant effect of this treatment on oestrus or luteal maintenance. Priming with progesterone prior to the introduction of rams prevented premature regression of the corpora lutea but had no effect on the other measures of reproductive function. If active immunization were to be applied on a commercial scale, it would not interfere with the practice of mating ewes during the anoestrous season. The increase in ovulation rate in these ewes, with no increase in the proportion of ewes ovulating, indicates that the mechanism for the control of ovulation is separate from that controlling ovulation rate. The mechanism by which progesterone pretreatment prevents premature luteal regression awaits further investigation. PMID- 7340770 TI - Effects of photoperiod and feeding on plasma corticosteroid concentrations and maximum corticosteroid-binding capacity in pigs. AB - The effects of time of feeding and photoperiod on the circadian rhythm of total and free plasma corticosteroid concentrations and the maximum corticosteroid binding capacity (MCBC) were measured in pigs. There were four photoperiod treatments: natural long and short daylengths (light:dark, 14:10; 101/2:131/2, respectively), artificial short daylength and reverse artificial short daylength (light:dark, 9:15). Photoperiod had a significant effect on corticosteroid concentrations. The corticosteroid concentrations on long daylength showed a major increase in the morning (from an average of 8 ng ml-1 at 0700 h to a peak level of 53.5 ng ml-1 at 0910 h). The amplitude of the morning peak was lower in the other treatments. Apart from this increase, corticosteroid levels at other times of day for pigs in all treatments were generally low. The MCBC varied greatly between animals (less than 25 - greater than 50 ng ml-1) but showed no circadian rhythm. There was no change in corticosteroid levels directly attributable to feeding. It was concluded that, in experiments where the effect of acute stressors on corticosteroid levels is examined, blood sampling should be performed in the afternoon-evening period because the between-animal variation in hormone levels is less and the hormonal levels are more stable, and also that time of feeding did not affect the rhythm of corticosteroids. A blood-sampling regime to define the circadian rhythm in corticosteroid concentration and to determine the MCBC is described. PMID- 7340771 TI - Detection of human spermatozoal peptides after conjugation to 125I-labelled human serum albumin. AB - Human spermatozoal peptides, liberated during autolysis of the cells, were fractionated by gel-filtration chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. After conjugation to 125I-labelled human serum albumin, all fractions were assayed with rabbit antihuman spermatozoa antiserum. The reactions indicated the presence of a number of antigenic peptides in the spermatozoal autolysate and one of the fractions revealed a significantly higher antibody binding capacity than all other fractions assayed (P less than 0.05). Release of immunogenic peptides during autolysis of the spermatozoal membrane could be important in the aetiology of spermatozoal iso- and autoantibodies. PMID- 7340772 TI - Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in native mammals in southeastern Australia. AB - Fasciola hepatica infection was found in 5 of 12 marsupial and 1 of 3 eutherian species examined in southeastern Australia. Prevalence of infection in native mammals was as follows: Macropus giganteus, 59%; M. rufogriseus banksianus, 15%; Wallabia bicolor, 5%; Vombatus ursinus, 30%; Trichosurus vulpecula, 5%; and Rattus fuscipes, 4%. Collection sites were assigned to one of two categories. Prevalence was higher in macropodids collected on agricultural pastures grazed by sheep and cattle (category A) than in macropodid collected in forested areas variably grazed by livestock (category B). A high prevalence of infection (82%) was recorded in M. giganteus in an area from which sheep and cattle had been excluded for 15 years. Prevalence of F. hepatica infection in V. ursinus was similar in the two habitat categories; however, within forested areas infection was more common in V. ursinus collected near swamps and creeks than those taken from drier ridges. The presence of habitat suitable for the snail intermediate host. Lymnaea tomentosa, and utilization of this habitat by domestic and native mammals are important epidemiological factors. Moderate numbers of flukes (1-95) and faecal egg production (1-195 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG)) in M. giganteus and M.r. banksianus emphasize their suitability as hosts and contaminators of pasture. Small numbers of flukes and conspicuous hepatic lesions in V. ursinus suggest moderate resistance to infection. The low prevalence and small number of flukes in T. vulpecula was attributed to the arboreal habit of this host. R. fuscipes is susceptible to infection but infected individuals were found in only one of numerous forest areas with suitable snail habitat. Feeding behaviour is probably responsible for the absence of F. hepatica infection in W. bicolor and Rattus lutreolus in forested areas. PMID- 7340774 TI - Changes in the concentration of cortisol in milk during different stages of human lactation. AB - A study was undertaken to determine by radioimmunoassay the changes in concentrations of cortisol in the mammary secretion of individual women during late pregnancy, lactogenesis, established lactation and after cessation of breast feeding. The concentration of cortisol in colostrum averaged 7.5% of that found in serum during late pregnancy. The concentration of cortisol (mean +/- S.E.M.) was relatively high in the mammary secretions during late pregnancy (25.5 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) and decreased within 2 days after delivery (10.2 +/- 2.0 ng/ml) to reach low values by 10 days post partum (1.8 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). During advanced lactation the cortisol values varied between 0.2 to 32 ng/ml but the mean concentration was significantly (p less than 0.05) less (7.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, n = 75) than during late pregnancy. With the abrupt termination of breast-feeding, the concentration of cortisol generally increased above the values determined during established lactation, but, even during involution, the progressive changes in concentration varied markedly (range 0.5-40.0 ng/ml). The function of milk cortisol for the newborn is now known. However, it is possible that cortisol in breast milk may help to control the transport of fluids and salts from the gastrointestinal tract of infants. PMID- 7340773 TI - Exotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Eighty of 103 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila cultured at 100 rev./min produced heat-labile enterotoxins detected using the suckling mouse assay. Results in intestinal perfusion agreed with the suckling mouse test in all strains tested by both methods. Enterotoxic activity correlated with haemolysin and cytotoxin production, but 4% of strains would have been wrongly classified using haemolysin assay in place of the suckling mouse test and 11% misclassified on the basis of cytotoxin assay. There was a significant association between haemolytic and cytotoxic activity, but 15% of strains produced only one of these toxins. Haemolysin, cytotoxin and enterotoxin were not always associated in a given isolate. The time of appearance of exotoxins during bacterial growth and the effects of dialysis, heating and proteolytic enzymes also suggest that haemolysins, cytotoxins and enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila are separate toxins and not different manifestations of the same toxin. PMID- 7340775 TI - The extent of reflux of unconjugated 14C-cholic acid from the liver in subjects with normal liver function. AB - An improved understanding of bile acid physiology is a prerequisite for the construction of an acceptable model for describing plasma clearance of bile acids. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of reflux unconjugated cholic acid from the liver to the plasma in subjects with normal liver function. The clearance of a bolus injection of unconjugated 14C-cholic acid was studied in four subjects using samples collected simultaneously from a peripheral and a hepatic vein. Hepatic extraction ratios calculated directly from the data were found to be essentially constant during the 20 min following injection, with average values of 0.60-0.72. This indicates that reflux did not occur significantly in the subjects investigated. These results are interpreted as favouring a model in which exchange of unconjugated 14C-cholic acid occurs between the plasma and a peripheral compartment with final removal from the plasma to the liver. PMID- 7340776 TI - Vaccination of heifers with a reduced dose of brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine before first mating. AB - Ten Jersey heifers aged 14 to 23 months were vaccinated with 2.25 x 10(8) cells of living Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. They and 10 similar non-vaccinated heifers were subsequently mated and when about 6 months pregnant were challenged by the conjunctival application of a virulent culture of B. abortus. The serological responses to vaccination was much less than is usually seen following vaccination with the normal dose of strain 19, especially when the indirect haemolysis test was used. A persistent vaccinal reaction was observed in one heifer. Significant resistance to infection was demonstrated which was greater than that previously observed in calfhood vaccinates given the full dose but less than that shown by cows given the smaller dose in early pregnancy. The effectiveness of strain 19 vaccination appears to be related to the age of the animal at vaccination. PMID- 7340777 TI - The effect of calfhood vaccination with strain 19 on the serological diagnosis and eradication of bovine brucellosis. AB - Data from 42,224 cattle from 694 herds collected during the brucellosis eradication campaign were used to examine the effects of calfhood strain 19 vaccination. The prevalence to infection in vaccinated herds was 1.8% compared with 9.1% in non-vaccinated herds (p less than 0.005). The mean titre in the former group was lower (p less than 0.001). Vaccinated herds required 3.3 herd tests to achieve a provisionally free status compared with 4.8 in non-vaccinated herds (0.001 less than p less than 0.005). Vaccination did not significantly reduce the number of herd test in herds with less than 100 breeding females. In tests after the initial herd test only 0.5% reactors were found in vaccinated herds compared with 6.9% in non-vaccinated herds (p less than 0.005). There were 0.9% false positive to the Rose Bengal plate test in non-vaccinated and 2.1% in vaccinated animals (p less than 0.005) in non-infected herds. In infected herds this percentage was 3.0% and 4.2% respectively by (p less than 0.05). In the non infected herds there were 0.04% false positives to the complement fixation tests out of 10,506 non-vaccinated cattle tested and 0.2% out of 24,734 vaccinated cattle. PMID- 7340778 TI - Control of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in grazing horses with calcium plus phosphorus supplementation. AB - A supplement system for the control of equine nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) was evaluated on 4 farms in the Arcadia Valley of the Queensland brigalow region. Thirty-three local stock horses (of which 13 had clinical NSH and 7 were recent introductions) were grazed on buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) for the 6 months from September 1979 to February 1980. Each horse was fed 1.0 kg of a mixture of ground limestone plus dicalcium phosphate (1:2) in 1.5 kg molasses each week. The pasture was hazardous during this time (total oxalate content above 0.5% and calcium: oxalate ratio below 0.5), but no new NSH cases occurred and those horses with clinical NSH improved, most becoming normal. After the first 6 months of supplementation, 3 new cases occurred on one farm. Doubling of the supplement dose and substituting rock phosphate in molasses for the previous mixture corrected the problem. The breakdown was thought to be partly because the supplement dose was slightly inadequate and partly because of behavioural factors. PMID- 7340779 TI - Cryptococcosis in dogs: a report on 6 cases. AB - The main features of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in 6 dogs, all of which were of large breed, were central nervous system involvement in all cases and diversity of the initial presenting signs. The respiratory tract was affected in one case, but the bronchopneumonia did not appear to be of cryptococcal origin. Immunosuppressive factors and other diseases which are believed to increase the susceptibility of man and animals to cryptococcal infection did not appear to be of importance in these cases. PMID- 7340780 TI - White liver disease in lambs. AB - An outbreak of white liver disease in lambs in Western Australia is described. The disease affected 2- to 3-month-old lambs and was characterised by liver damage, severe ill-thrift, depression, serous ocular discharge, photosensitization, and a high mortality rate. Transient central nervous system signs occurred. A positive response to vitamin B12 therapy was demonstrated. PMID- 7340781 TI - The economic efficiency of a veterinary preventive medicine and management program in Victorian dairy herds: an alternative viewpoint. PMID- 7340782 TI - Immunisation against experimental staphylococcal mastitis in sheep - effect of challenge with a heterologous strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Ewes were immunised in late pregnancy with killed Staphylococcus aureus vaccines prepared from organisms grown either under in vitro (vaccine T) or in vivo (Vaccine V) cultural conditions; other ewes were immunised with a live S. aureus vaccine and a further group remained non-vaccinated controls. The animals given either of the killed vaccines developed highest titres of agglutinating antibody in serum; there were only trivial levels of agglutinating antibody in milk from ewes in each treatment group. Ewes immunised with the live vaccine developed significantly greater levels of opsonins in serum than did those immunised with the killed vaccines or non-immunised controls. At 30 to 35 days post-partum the ewes were challenged by intramammary infusion of one million S. aureus of a strain different to the vaccination strain. In 4 of the 5 control ewes this resulted in the development of acute mastitis and a precipitous decline in milk production, whereas there was a considerable degree of resistance recorded in animals in each of the vaccinated groups. On criteria of milk production data, bacteriological status of milk and clinical signs of acute mastitis it was apparent that animals which had been immunised with the live vaccine were better protected from challenge than those immunised with either killed vaccines T or V. PMID- 7340783 TI - Helminth parasites and arthropods of feral cats. AB - The prevalence (%) of helminth parasites in 327 mainly adult feral cats from 3 habitat groupings in Victoria and New South Wales was determined. The cestodes Taenia taeniaeformis (33%) and Spirometra erinacei (33%) were common; Dipylidium caninum was rate (2%). The nematodes Toxocara cati (28%), Cyathospirura dasyuridis and Cylicospirura felineus combined (27%) and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (14%) were common but their prevalence differed markedly between habitats. Ollulanus tricuspis (5%), Gnathostoma spinigerum (less than 1%) and an Acanthocephala, Onicola sp (19%), also occurred. Arthropod parasites were collected from 204 of these cats, Ctenocephalides felis (16%) and Echidnophaga spp. (28%) were common. Spilopsyllus cuniculi (3%) and Ctenocephalides canis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus (less than 1% each) were rare. Other rare ectoparasites were the louse, Felicola subrostrata (4%), the mites, Otodectes cynotis, Cheyletiella sp and a trombiculid (less than 1% each); and the tick lxodes tasmani (less than 1%). There was no correlation between degree of parasitism and general condition of the cats. PMID- 7340784 TI - Serological response of chickens, turkeys and ducks to strain V4 of Newcastle disease virus. AB - The serological response of two different age groups of turkeys and ducks to strain V4 of Newcastle disease virus was markedly inferior to that of similar age groups of chickens. This suggested that this strain might not be a suitable vaccine strain for use in turkeys and ducks, even though the correlation between specific serum antibody and immunity in these species is not clearly understood. The 20-week-old group of chickens required two doses of 10(7.1) 50 per cent embryo infective doses (EID50) of the virus to develop a specific serum antibody titre comparable to 21-day-old chickens given one dose of 10(7.1) EID50 of virus. PMID- 7340785 TI - A survey of virus infection in sub-antarctic penguins on Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean. AB - Serums from 1002 penguins of 4 species on Macquarie Island, a sub-antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, were examined for antibody to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), influenza A virus, avian paramyxovirus, alphavirus and flavivirus. No evidence of haemagglutination-inhibition antibody to influenza A virus or alphavirus was detected. Serums from 6% of royal penguins sampled gave positive reactions to NDV while the other 3 species were negative. Antibody to a flavivirus and an avian paramyxovirus, other than NDV, was detected in 3 of the 4 penguin species. Cloacal swabs from 831 penguins of 4 species were examined for the presence of viruses. Six isolated of paramyxovirus, other than NDV, were obtained from swabs taken from royal and king penguins at 2 widely separated sites on the island. PMID- 7340786 TI - Surgical correction of bilateral ureteral ectopia in a male Appaloosa foal. PMID- 7340787 TI - Castles of competence. PMID- 7340788 TI - Prevention of rabies--past and present. PMID- 7340789 TI - Erosion of the internal carotid artery and cranial nerve damage caused by guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. PMID- 7340790 TI - Herpesvirus neutralising antibody in grey kangaroos. PMID- 7340791 TI - Isolation of Bordetella bronchi septica from a horse. PMID- 7340792 TI - Adult Toxocara canis in the pancreas and peritoneal cavity of a pup. PMID- 7340793 TI - A suspected case of enostosis in a German shepherd dog. PMID- 7340794 TI - The isolation of Haemophilus paragallinarum from Japanese quail. PMID- 7340795 TI - The possible association of a sorghum (Sorghum sudanese)hybrid as a cause of developmental defects in calves. PMID- 7340797 TI - Preparation of epithelioid cell monolayers from avian embryo kidney. PMID- 7340796 TI - Tritrichomonas foetus agglutination tests upon samples collected from cattle: cross-reactions associated with vaccination against Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis. PMID- 7340798 TI - Congenital copper deficiency in goats. PMID- 7340799 TI - Social class correlations among separately adopted siblings and unrelated individuals adopted together. PMID- 7340800 TI - [The microstructure of bone cement surfaces in various polymerization states]. PMID- 7340801 TI - [Posttraumatic growth disorders of the lower extremity]. PMID- 7340802 TI - [Lower leg amputation with sagittal section in vascular diseases--a study of 692 patients]. PMID- 7340803 TI - [The effect of posterior capsulotomy on the flexibility of the knee joint]. PMID- 7340804 TI - Periodate-oxidized AMP as a substrate, an inhibitor and an affinity label of human placental alkaline phosphatase. AB - Human placental alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was inactivated by periodate oxidized AMP. The inactivation showed saturation kinetics and could be partially prevented by the substrate AMP or the product inhibitor inorganic phosphate. Oxidized AMP was itself a substrate for this enzyme, with an apparent Km of 0.67 mM. The hydrolytic products of oxidized AMP were identified as oxidized adenosine hemiacetals. Oxidized AMP was also found to be a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to p-nitrophenyl phosphate, with identical Kis and Kii values of 0.15 mM. Our results indicate that oxidized AMP could combine with the enzyme to form a binary complex, followed by reaction with the proximal lysyl amino group to yield a Schiff base. The latter was reduced with NaBH4 and identified by t.l.c. The incorporation of only 1.5 molecules of oxidized [14C]AMP per enzyme subunit resulted in a complete inactivation of the enzyme. The modified enzyme showed higher apparent Km for the substrates and higher Ki for inorganic phosphate, but lower [32P]phosphate incorporation, than the native enzyme. These results support the conclusion that a lysine residue is involved in the phosphate-binding site of human placental alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7340805 TI - Metal-dependent properties of metallothionein. Replacement in vitro of zinc in zinc-thionein with copper. AB - Metal-dependent changes in the properties of metallothionein were investigated in vitro by replacing Zn2+ in zinc-thionein with Cu+ and Cu2+. Metallothionein was separated into isoproteins on a gel-permeation column by elution with alkaline buffer solution, the separation being due to the dissociation of hydroxy groups in the gel material. The two metals in metallothioneins were detected simultaneously by introducing the eluate of the column, which was attached to a high-pressure liquid chromatograph, to two flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometers. Zn2+ in zinc-thionein was replaced with 1.5 and 1 mol. equiv. of Cu+ and Cu2+ respectively. The replacement with Cu2+ accompanied intramolecular oxidation of thiol groups in metallothioneins and the oxidized metallothioneins showed different chromatographic properties from the original ones, probably due to changes in the isoelectric points. The oxidized forms of metallothionein were reducible by mercaptoethanol. Reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ followed by the replacement of Zn2+ in zinc-thionein with Cu+ occurred in the presence of glutathione. PMID- 7340806 TI - A comparative study of the binding of cartilage link protein and the hyaluronate binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan to hyaluronate-substituted Sepharose gel. AB - The hyaluronate-binding proteins from bovine nasal cartilage, i.e. the hyaluronate-binding region of the proteoglycan and the link protein, were labelled with 125I and separated from each other by gel chromatography. The proteins were characterized by molecular-weight determinations and their purity was established by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The binding properties of the two proteins by hyaluronate substituted Sepharose gel were compared. It was found that both proteins behaved similarly. They bound with the same efficiency to the gel, they showed the same time course of binding, had slightly different pH optima for binding and both proteins had a decreasing affinity for the gel with increasing ionic strength. The binding to the gel could be inhibited by soluble hyaluronate, and the minimum size of a hyaluronate oligosaccharide required for inhibition was in both cases a decasaccharide (only even-numbered oligosaccharides were tested). The proteins did not show any co-operative binding in the system tested, which could be explained by the large number of binding sites in the hyaluronate-substituted gel. Binding constants for the protein-hyaluronate interaction were estimated. A value of 1.3 x 10(7) M-1 was obtained for the hyaluronate-binding region of the proteoglycan, in agreement with literature data. The corresponding value for the link protein was 0.7 x 10(7) M-1. PMID- 7340807 TI - Gel-electrophoretic identification of hen brain neurotoxic esterase, labelled with tritiated di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. AB - The particulate fraction from hen brain was labelled with [3H]di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DiPF) and separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Four radioactive protein bands (1--4) of molecular weights 155000, 92000, 60000, and 30000 were resolved. Most of the labelling of bands 2, 3 and 4 was inhibited by preincubation with Paraoxon. The residue in band 4 was sensitive to pH 5.2. Successive treatments with Paraoxon and pH 5.2 resulted in the abolition of bands 3 and 4. Bands 1 and 2 contained one and two polypeptides respectively, whose labelling was sensitive to Mipafox, but one, in band 2, was sensitive to higher concentrations of Paraoxon. The concentrations of the other two polypeptides were 6.7 and 1.95 pmol of DiPF bound/g of brain in bands 1 and 2 respectively. Both were as sensitive to Mipafox as neurotoxic esterase and were also sensitive to phenyl benzylcarbamate. 4-Nitrophenyl di-n-pentylphosphinate given in vivo inhibited neurotoxic esterase and the labelling of the band-1 polypeptide by 82% and 84% respectively, but inhibited the labelling of the band 2 polypeptide by 51%. The phosphinate in vitro produced 98% inhibition of the labelling of the band-1 polypeptide, with only 26% inhibition of the band-2 polypeptide, under conditions sufficient to inhibit neurotoxic esterase totally. Both neurotoxic esterase and the band-1 polypeptide were found in the forebrain at 1.74-fold their concentration in the rest of the brain, whereas the band-2 polypeptide was uniformly distributed. The evidence indicates that the Mipafox-sensitive polypeptide in band 1 is the [3H]DiPF-labelled active-site subunit of neurotoxic esterase. The catalytic-centre activity of the enzyme for phenyl valerate hydrolysis was found to be 2.6 x 10(5) min-1. PMID- 7340808 TI - Purification and characterization of an endoglucanase (1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) from Clostridium thermocellum. AB - An endoglucanase (1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) was purified from Clostridium thermocellum by procedures that included centrifugation, ultrafiltration, selective precipitation, ion-exchange Sephadex chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. The 22-fold-purified enzyme behaved as a homogeneous protein under non-denaturing conditions. The enzyme represented a significant component (greater than 25%) of total extracellular endoglucanase activity, but was purified in low yield by the procedures employed. The native molecular weight of the endoglucanase was determined by ultracentrifugational analysis, amino acid composition and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and varied between 83000 and 94000. The enzyme contained 11.2% carbohydrate and was isoelectric at pH 6.72. The pH and temperature optima of the endoglucanase were 5.2 and 62 degrees C respectively. The enzyme lacked cysteine and was low in sulphur-containing amino acids. The purified endoglucanase displayed: high activity towards carboxymethylcellulose, celloheptaose, cellohexaose and cellopentaose; low activity towards Avicel microcrystalline cellulose and cellotetraose; no detectable activity towards cellotriose or cellobiose; increased activity towards cello-oligosaccharides with increasing degree of polymerization. The internal glycosidic bonds of cello-oligosaccharides were cleaved by the enzyme in preference to external linkages. The apparent Michaelis constant ([S]0.5V) and Vmax. for cellopentaose and cellohexaose hydrolysis were 2.30 mM and 39.3 mumol/min per mg of protein, and 0.56 mM and 58.7 mumol/min per mg of protein, respectively. PMID- 7340809 TI - Kinetic and physicochemical characteristics of an endogenous inhibitor to progesterone--receptor binding in rat placental cytosol. AB - This study describes the kinetic behaviour and physicochemical aspects of an endogenous inhibitor of progesterone--receptor binding in trophoblast cytosol from day-12 embryos. The progesterone cytosol receptor was partially purified and isolated from the inhibitor as the 0--50%-satd. (NH4)2SO4 fraction. The inhibitory substance was shown to reside in the 50--70%-satd. (NH4)2SO4 fraction. Equilibration of the inhibitor preparation with the receptor fraction increased the Kapp.D of the ligand--receptor binding reaction in a concentration-dependent manner (26 +/- 3-fold increase in Kapp.D per mg of protein of the (NH4)2SO4 fraction, n = 16). However, the inhibitor did not alter the concentration of binding sites. Studies of other physicochemical aspects of the inhibitor showed it to be non-diffusible, excluded from Sephadex G-25, stable at 35 degrees C for 30 min, but irreversibly denatured at 70 degrees C for 30 min. The Stokes' radius was estimated by gel chromatography to be 2.8 +/- 0.11 nm (n = 5). Inhibitory activity was destroyed by HgCl2, suggesting that disulphide bridges play an essential role in the biological activity of this molecule. The inhibitor is a macromolecule which does not bind progesterone and differs from albumin. The kinetic mechanism by which the inhibitor enhanced Kapp.D was investigated by measuring association and dissociation rate constants and the energy of activation (Ea) for each reaction. The association rate (k+1) for progesterone and receptor was (1.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 . s-1 but declined to (0.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(4) M-1 . s-1 (n = 5) when exposed to the inhibitor (P less than 0.01). The dissociation rate (k-1) was (3.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-5) s-1 for progesterone--receptor complex and was unchanged by the inhibitor. The Ea for the association of complex was 33.6 +/- 4.2 kJ/mol and was increased to 63.0 +/- 8.4 kJ/mol by the inhibitor (P less than 0.05). The Ea of dissociation was unaltered. Thus, an inhibitor is present in trophoblast cytosol which specifically enhances Kapp.D without altering availability of binding sites. The mode of action of inhibitor is to increase the energy of activation for association of complex without influencing the dissociation reaction. PMID- 7340810 TI - Studies on the chemical modification and potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin and its effect on haemagglutinating activity. AB - 1. Modification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin with acetic anhydride blocked 5.1 amino and 2.7 tyrosyl groups per molecule of lectin and decreased the haemagglutinating activity of the lectin. De-O-acetylation regenerated 2.0 of the tyrosyl groups and resulted in a recovery of activity. 2. Modification with citraconic anhydride or cyclohexane-1,2-dione did not greatly affect activity, although modification of amino and arginyl groups could be demonstrated. 3. Treatment with tetranitromethane nitrated 3.7 tyrosine residues per molecule of lectin with concomitant loss of activity. The presence of 0.1m-NN'N'' triacetylchitotriose (a potent inhibitor of the lectin) in the reaction medium protected all the tyrosyl residues from nitration and the lectin was fully active. 4. Modification of tryptophyl groups with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulphonic acid modified 0.9 and 2.6 residues per molecule of lectin respectively with a loss of activity in each case. Reaction of potato lectin with 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulphonic acid in the presence of inhibitor protected 2.4 residues of tryptophan from the reagent. Loss of haemagglutination activity was prevented under these conditions. 5. Reaction of carboxy groups, activated with carbodi-imide, with alpha-aminobutyric acid methyl ester led to the incorporation of 5.3 residues of the ester per molecule of lectin. Presence of inhibitor in this case, although protecting activity, did not prevent modification of carboxy groups; in fact an increase in the number of modified residues was seen. This effect could be imitated by performing the reaction in 8m urea. In both cases the number of carboxy groups modified was close to the total number of free carboxy groups as determined by the method of Hoare & Koshland [(1967) J. Biol. Chem.242, 2447-2453]. Guanidination of lysine residues after carboxy-group modification gave less homoarginine than did the unmodified lectin under the same conditions, suggesting the formation of intramolecular cross-links during carbodi-imide activation. 6. It is suggested from the results presented that amino, arginyl, methionyl, histidyl and carboxyl groups are not involved in the activity of the lectin and that tyrosyl and tryptophyl groups are very closely involved. These findings are similar to those reported for other proteins that bind N-acetylglucosamine oligomers and also fit the general trend in other lectins. PMID- 7340811 TI - A rapid purification of bovine testicular hyaluronidase by chromatography on dermatan sulphate-substituted 1,6-diaminohexane--sepharose 4B. AB - The binding of bovine testicular hyaluronidase to AH-Sepharose (1,6-diaminohexane -Sepharose) gels substituted with (1) dermatan sulphate, (2) desulphated dermatan sulphate, (3) heparin and (4) de-N/O-sulphated, re-N-acetylated heparin was investigated. Hyaluronidase was found to bind to (1) and (3), but not (2) and (4). On the basis of these observations a preparative scheme for the purification of testicular hyaluronidase was developed. This consisted of two steps: (i) chromatography on dermatan sulphate-substituted AH-Sepharose 4B; (ii) chromatography on acetylated AH-Sepharose 4B. This procedure gave hyaluronidase with a specific activity of 19.1 units (mumol/min)/mg in high yield. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 revealed two components, both possessing hyaluronidase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis likewise revealed two close bands with approximate molecular weights of 61000 and 67200. PMID- 7340812 TI - Extractable proteoglycan from human femoral-head articular cartilage. AB - Proteoglycans were prepared from human femoral-head articular cartilage by using either guanidinium hydrochloride or MgCl2 as extractant, followed by density gradient centrifugation. The proteoglycan subunit had a particle weight of 2.6 x 10(6), with a radius of gyration, RG, of 68.5 nm in 150 mM-NaCl/20 mM-sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The proteoglycan aggregate had a particle weight of 3.7 x 10(6) (RG 84 nm) for guanidinium hydrochloride extracts and 8.7 x 10(6) (RG 118 nm) for MgCl2 extracts in the same buffer. The addition of excess of high molecular-weight hyaluronate did not significantly alter the particle size of the aggregate. The small increase in size probably reflects a rapid equilibrium between hyaluronate and proteoglycan monomers, and is not due to proteolytic cleavage producing non-aggregating units. Experiments that support the rapid interaction hypothesis include analytical ultracentrifugation and column chromatography. This interaction does not appear to be pressure-sensitive at 20 degrees C, but is sensitive to temperature variation near the physiological range. PMID- 7340814 TI - On an alleged exception to generalized microscopic reversibility as a condition for reduction in degree of steady-state kinetic equations. PMID- 7340813 TI - The hydrophobicities of cholera toxin, tetanus toxin and their components. AB - 1. Charge-shift electrophoresis showed that cholera toxin and its subunits have no hydrophobic surfaces. 2. Amino-acid composition and sequence data suggested that the proteins have no masked hydrophobic regions. 3. The A subunit of cholera toxin may interact with polar molecules in the membrane to exert its effect inside the cell. 4. The only hydrophobic part of tetanus toxin was the H-chain. PMID- 7340815 TI - Kinetics of irreversible enzyme inhibition by an unstable inhibitor. PMID- 7340816 TI - The effect of ligand presaturation on the interaction of serum albumins with an immobilized Cibacron Blue 3G-A studied by affinity gel electrophoresis. AB - The interaction of the immobilized triazine dye Cibacron Blue 3G-A with rat, rabbit, sheep, goat, bovine and human serum albumins was studied by affinity gel electrophoresis. Dissociation constants were estimated in each instance and showed human serum albumin to have a significantly higher affinity for the dye than did albumin from any other species. Pretreatment of the defatted proteins with bilirubin (3 mol of bilirubin/mol of protein) did not increase the dissociation constants of the serum albumins, whereas pretreatment with palmitate (7 mol of palmitate/mol of protein) increased the dissociation constant in all cases: 3-fold for human serum albumin, 15-fold for other serum albumins. Increasing the bilirubin/albumin ratio (to 7:1) did not affect the dissociation constant of the albumins studied. Decreasing the palmitate/albumin ratio decreased the dissociation constant for human serum albumin, but did not affect those of bovine and rat albumins. Altering the chain length of the presaturating fatty acid dramatically changed the dissociation constant of both human and bovine serum albumins. Butyrate, hexanoate, octanoate and decanoate did not significantly influence the dissociation constants of bovine and human serum albumins for Cibacron Blue, whereas laurate, myristate and palmitate greatly increased the dissociation constant. These data are discussed in relationship to the behaviour of albumins during dye--agarose column chromatography. In Addendum the effect of nucleotide presaturation on the interaction between Bacillus stearothermophilus 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and the immobilized triazine dyes Cibacron Blue 3G-A and Procion Red HE-3B was examined, and the implications for dye--ligand chromatography are discussed. PMID- 7340817 TI - The effect of nucleotide presaturation on the chromatographic behaviour of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus on immobilized triazine dyes. PMID- 7340818 TI - Detection of a glycosylated subunit in human serum ferritin. AB - Ferritin was purified from the serum of two patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. The protein contained three types of subunit--the H and L subunits of tissue ferritins (although only a trace of H could be detected) and a third subunit, 'G', with the highest apparent molecular weight. Only the 'G' subunit band stained for carbohydrate, indicating that a proportion of the subunits of human serum ferritin are glycosylated. Although serum was obtained from patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis, it is probable that the 'G' subunit is a component of normal serum ferritin. PMID- 7340819 TI - The use of pH-gradient ion-exchange chromatography to separate sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase from mitochondrial enzyme contamination, and observations on the interaction between the pure cytoplasmic enzyme and disulfiram. AB - 1. Sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase can be purified from contamination with the mitochondrial form of the enzyme by pH-gradient ion exchange chromatography. The method is simple, reproducible and efficient. 2. The purified cytoplasmic enzyme retains about 2% of its original activity in the presence of a large excess of disulfiram. This suggests that the disulfiram reactive thiol groups are not essential for covalent interaction with the aldehyde substrate during catalysis, as has sometimes been suggested. 3. Between 1.5 and 2.0 molecules of disulfiram per tetrameric enzyme molecule account for the observed loss of activity, suggesting that the enzyme may have only two functional active sites. 4. Experiments show that disulfiram-modified enzyme retains the ability to bind NAD+ and NADH. PMID- 7340820 TI - Isopycnic-centrifugation studies in caesium chloride and in caesium sulphate on dermatan sulphate proteoglycans from bovine sclera. AB - 1. Two proteodermatan sulphate species from bovine sclera (fractions PG-I and PG II) separable by gel chromatography were studied by isopycnic centrifugations in CsCl and Cs(2)SO(4) both in an analytical and a preparative mode. 2. In CsCl, fraction PG-I formed a broad band at a density rho=1.75g/ml whereas fraction PG II banded sharply at rho=1.64g/ml. However, in Cs(2)SO(4), fraction PG-II banded at rho=1.51g/ml and fraction PG-I at rho=1.40g/ml, a reversal of the relative banding positions of the two species in CsCl. 3. Preparative isopycnic centrifugations in the two caesium salts permitted further subfractionation of fractions PG-I and PG-II. In both CsCl and Cs(2)SO(4) fraction PG-I was split into subfractions that varied greatly in uronate/protein ratios but had very similar uronate composition. In contrast, isopycnic centrifugation of fraction PG II in Cs(2)SO(4) gave rise to subfractions with similar uronate/protein ratios but markedly different uronate composition (iduronate content, 88-42%). 4. Subfractions of fractions PG-I and PG-II obtained in preparative centrifugations in CsCl or Cs(2)SO(4) were examined in the analytical ultracentrifuge. These subfractions banded at discrete positions in the gradient. Estimations of apparent molecular weight for these subfractions from data from the analytical isopycnic centrifugations gave values that were much higher (around 1x10(6)) than were those obtained previously for their ;monomeric' states (fraction PG-I 160000 410000, and fraction PG-II 70000-130000). 5. In CsCl, fraction PG-I may be subfractionated according to the number of side chains in the molecule. Fraction PG-I increased its net solvation (i.e. lowered its buoyant density) to a larger extent than did fraction PG-II in going from CsCl to Cs(2)SO(4) (i.e. from lower to higher water activity). It is proposed that the presence of large amounts of iduronate in fraction PG-II makes these molecules relatively less solvated in Cs(2)SO(4). Thus the uronate composition may be an important factor in determining the banding position of proteodermatan sulphates in density-gradient centrifugations. PMID- 7340821 TI - Factors that influence the translocation of the N-carboxybiotin moiety between the two sub-sites of pyruvate carboxylase. AB - The active site of pyruvate carboxylase, like those of all biotin-dependent carboxylases, is believed to consist of two spatially distinct sub-sites with biotin acting as a mobile carboxy-group carrier oscillating between the two sub sites. Some of the factors that influence the location and rate of movement of the N-carboxybiotin were studied. The rate of carboxylation of the alternative substrate, 2-oxobutyrate, was measured at 0 degrees C in an assay system where the isolated enzyme--[14C]carboxybiotin was the carboxy-group donor. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the location of the carboxybiotin in the active site is determined by the presence of Mg2+, acetyl-CoA and the oxo acid substrate. The presence of Mg2+ favours the holding of the complex at the first sub-site, whereas alpha-oxo acids induce the complex to move to the second sub site. At low concentrations pyruvate induces this movement but does not efficiently act as a carboxy-group acceptor; hydroxypyruvate, glyoxylate and oxamate, though not carboxylated, still induce the movement. The allosteric activator acetyl-CoA exerts only a slight stimulation on the rate of translocation to the second sub-site, and this stimulation arises from an increase in the dissociation constant for Mg2+. PMID- 7340822 TI - Bimane-labelled pepstatin, a fluorescent probe for the subcellular location of cathepsin D. AB - 1. Pepstatinyl-cystamine was synthesized. The disulphide bond was cleaved and the pepstatin-bound thiol was made to react with monobromobimane. The fluorescent N pepstatinyl-S-bimanyl-2-aminoethanethiol was purified. 2. Human cathepsin D showed tight binding of the bimane-labelled pepstatin at pH 3.5. The titration curves were used to determine the apparent dissociation constant, KD; values of approx. 1 x 10(-10) M were obtained. 3. Gel-chromatographic experiments showed that, like that of pepstatin, the binding of N-pepstatinyl-S-bimanyl-1 aminoethanethiol to cathepsin D was strongly pH-dependent. Binding was seen at pH 5.0, but could not be demonstrated at pH 7.4. 4. Cultured human synovial cells were fixed and incubated with the fluorescent inhibitor at pH 5.0 or pH 7.4. When examined by fluorescence microscopy the cells stained at pH 5.0 showed a punctate perinuclear distribution of bimane fluorescence. By contrast, the cells stained at pH 7.4 showed no fluorescence. 5. The distribution of cathepsin D, determined by indirect immunofluorescence at pH 7.4, closely resembled that of the fluorescent inhibitor seen at pH 5.0. 6. We conclude that N-pepstatinyl-S-bimanyl 2-aminoethanethiol is a fluorescent probe selective for the active conformation of cathepsin D. PMID- 7340823 TI - Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography in the presence of acetonitrile. A two-step purification method for human prolactin. AB - Described is a two-chromatographic-step preparative-scale technique for the purification of human prolactin from a frozen pituitary homogenate. The method utilizes hydrophobic interaction chromatography on the mildly hydrophobic adsorbent phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose in the presence of acetonitrile. Human prolactin was solubilized at pH10.0 after a prior extraction of pituitaries at pH4.0, the acid pH being ineffective at solubilizing human prolactin but capable of solubilizing large amounts of interfering protein. An 11-fold increase in the potency of the solubilized human prolactin was achieved in this manner. Prolactin could be adsorbed to phenyl-Sepharose at low ionic strengths (I<0.01); few other proteins were adsorbed under these conditions. This is a demonstration of the hydrophobic nature of human prolactin. The amount of phenyl-Sepharose was limited to the minimum (35mg of protein/g of phenyl-Sepharose) necessary to adsorb human prolactin, further reducing the uptake of other pituitary protein. Desorption was achieved by using an acetonitrile gradient (0-30%, v/v), resulting in a purification of human prolactin of 85-fold and recovery of 78%. Acetonitrile (20%, v/v) was also included in all buffers for DEAE-cellulose chromatography, increasing the resolution and recovery of human prolactin, apparently by minimizing non-ionic interactions with the matrix. Prolactin (10mg) was recovered from 63g if pituitaries, an overall recovery of 58%. It was homogeneous by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, contained less than 0.1% somatotropin (growth hormone), on iodination demonstrated more than 95% binding to excess anti-(human prolactin) serum and could be displaced from anti-(human prolactin) serum in a manner indistinguishable from the serum of a patient with a human prolactin-secreting adenoma. PMID- 7340824 TI - The interaction of copper(II) and glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a growth-modulating tripeptide from plasma. AB - The interaction between Cu(II) and the growth-modulating tripeptide glycyl-L histidyl-L-lysine in the presence and absence of L-histidine was investigated by potentiometric titration and visible-absorption spectrophotometry at 25 degrees C in 0.15 M-NaCl. Analyses of the results in the pH range 3.5--10.6 indicated the presence of multiple species in solution in the binary system and extensive amounts of the ternary complexes in the ternary system. The species distribution and the stability constants, as well as the visible-absorption spectra of the species, were evaluated. The combined results were used to propose the structure of some of the complexes. The influence of the epsilon-amino group of the peptide in the enhancement of the stability constants was reflected prominently when compared with those complexes formed by either glycyl-L-histidine or glycyl-L histidylglycine. The results obtained from the equilibrium-dialysis experiments showed that this tripeptide was able to compete with albumin for Cu(II) at pH 7.5 and 6 degrees C. At equimolar concentrations of albumin and the peptide, about 42% of the Cu(II) was bound to the peptide. At the physiologically relevant concentrations of Cu(II), albumin, L-histidine and this peptide, about 6% of the Cu(II) was associated with the low-molecular-weight components. This distribution could be due to the binary as well as the ternary complexes. The possible physiological role of these complexes in the transportation of Cu(II) from blood to tissues is discussed. PMID- 7340825 TI - Binding of the basement-membrane glycoprotein laminin to glycosaminoglycans. An affinity-chromatography study. AB - The binding of the basement-membrane glycoprotein laminin to glycosaminoglycans (aggregating and non-aggregating subsets of heparan sulphates and dermatan sulphates, as well as heparin, chondroitin sulphates and hyaluronic acid) was studied by affinity chromatography. Partially periodate-oxidized chains of glycosaminoglycans were coupled to adipic acid dihydrazide-substituted agarose. Co-polymeric glycosaminoglycans reveal high affinity for laminin, whereas hyaluronic acid does not. Competitive-release experiments indicate that glycosaminoglycans share a common binding site on the laminin molecule. PMID- 7340826 TI - Characterization of catabolin, the major product of pig synovial tissue that induces resorption of cartilage proteoglycan in vitro. AB - 1. Pig synovium in organ culture produces material which induces living cartilage to resorb its proteoglycan in vitro. 2. The bioassay for this material was to measure glycosaminoglycan released from explants of bovine nasal-septal cartilage cultured for 8 days. The performance of the assay was greatly improved by adding cortisol succinate (0.1mug/ml). This decreased the release of glycosaminoglycan from unstimulated cartilage without inhibiting its response to catabolic factors from the synovium. 3. By using this improved assay it was shown that 90% of the active materials in synovial culture medium were retained by dialysis membrane. 4. An active protein was partially purified from synovial culture medium by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative isoelectric focusing. 5. This protein, called catabolin, had mol.wt. 17000 and pI4.6. 6. Synovial culture medium concentrated in dialysis tubing was subjected to gel chromatography and found to contain one major active component, which was eluted at the same position as the partially purified catabolin. 7. The synovial culture medium was not inactivated by heating (70 degrees C for 10min), nor were diluted preparations of partially purified catabolin, but concentrated crude preparations were thermolabile. 8. These results suggest that catabolin is the major substance produced by the synovial tissue in culture which induces resorption of proteoglycan of living cartilage in vitro. 9. Other cultured soft connective tissues produced catabolin-like activity. The example of sclera is shown, and production was inhibited by cortisol succinate (0.1mug/ml). 10. It is suggested that catabolin may be a general product of soft connective tissues in culture, and its physiological function may be to induce resorption of connective tissue matrix after injury. PMID- 7340827 TI - Glutathione S-transferases in elasmobranch liver. Molecular heterogeneity, catalytic and binding properties, and purification. AB - In order to gain insight into the phylogeny and physiological significance of organic-anion-binding proteins in the liver, the hepatic glutathione S transferases of rat and a typical elasmobranch, the thorny-back shark (Platyrhinoides triseriata), were compared with respect to both glutathione S transferase activites and organic-anion-binding properties. On gel filtration (Sephadex G-75, Superfine grade) of rat cytosol, the elution volumes of enzyme activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and p-nitrobenzyl chloride as substrates were identical (rat Y-fractions; M(r) 45000). In contrast, two peaks of enzyme activity for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with elution volumes corresponding to M(r) 52000 (PLAT Y(1)) and M(r) 45000 (PLAT Y(2)) were detected on gel filtration of P. triseriata cytosol. Only fraction PLAT Y(2) had enzyme activity with p-nitrobenzyl chloride. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that rat Y fraction had higher affinities for both 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and glutathione than PLAT Y(1)- and PLAT Y(2)-fractions. The two forms of P. triseriata glutathione S-transferases differed greatly in affinity for glutathione. At a glutathione concentration that we found to be physiological in P. triseriata, PLAT Y(2) accounted for approx. 70% of the total glutathione S transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Binding studies revealed that PLAT Y(1) and PLAT Y(2) fractions had much lower affinities for sulphobromophthalein and bilirubin than rat Y-fraction. In contrast, binding affinities of PLAT Y(1) and PLAT Y(2) for Rose Bengal and 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulphonate were comparable with that of rat Y-fraction. Inhibitory kinetics suggested that sulphobromophthalein and Rose Bengal were non-competitive inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase activities when 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene was used as substrate for both PLAT Y(1) and PLAT Y(2). The major glutathione S-transferase from the PLAT Y(2) fraction was purified 81-fold by sequential chromatography on Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sephadex and hydroxyapatite, and consisted of two identical subunits with pI7.7. The highly enriched Y(2)-fraction retained high affinity binding of Rose Bengal and 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulphonate. PMID- 7340828 TI - Identification of an arginine residue important for catalytic activity in the primary structure of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Studies with the rat skeletal-muscle enzyme. AB - The reaction of holo-(D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (EC 1.2.1.12) from rat skeletal muscle with [14C]butanedione in 0.05 M-NH4HCO3, pH 8.0, resulted in modification (*) of two arginine residues per subunit with a concomitant loss of catalytic activity. From a tryptic digest of the modified protein two radiolabelled peptides were isolated, with the following sequences: (1)Val-Ile-Ile-Asn-Ala-Pro-Thr-Ala-Asp-Ala(Glx,Met,Leu,Phe,Met)Gly-Val-Asx-Arg- Glx(His,Tyr)Ser-Lys and (2) Asp-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-Ile-Ala Leu(Asx,Glx,Arg,Phe,Val)Lys. By comparison of the data with the known sequences of homologous enzymes, the localization of the modified residues was established. The first peptide was identified as corresponding to residues 116--139, the second to residues 293--306. Experimental evidence from this and previous studies suggests that arginine-134 is important for the catalytic activity of the rat muscle enzyme, being involved in structural rearrangements accompanying the organization of the active centre on the binding of coenzyme and substrate. PMID- 7340829 TI - Identification of fatty acid synthetase messenger RNA on free polyribosomes isolated from lactating rabbit mammary gland. AB - The synthesis of fatty acid synthetase on free polyribosomes from lactating rabbit mammary gland was demonstrated by using polyribosomes run-off techniques and immunochemical identification of products with synthetase antiserum. Several reproducible and discrete immunoprecipitable polypeptides were observed which were within the molecular-weight range of the synthetase subunit (235 000--252 000), as well as several of lower molecular weight. PMID- 7340830 TI - Resistivity to denaturation of the apoprotein of aequorin and reconstitution of the luminescent photoprotein from the partially denatured apoprotein. AB - Although native aequorin is highly susceptible to inactivation, apoaequorin is highly resistant to various processes of denaturation. Apoaequorin was inactivated only partially at a temperature of 95 degrees C or by treatments with 6 M-urea, 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride, 1 M-HCl and 1 M-NaOH. It was nearly completely inactivated in 85% ethanol or by heating at 95 degrees C in 2 M (NH4)2SO4, but over 50% of apoaequorin activity was restored in both cases merely by dissolving the coagulated protein in 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride. In the reconstitution of aequorin, partially inactivated apoaequorin yielded more aequorin than expected from the activity of the partially inactivated apoaequorin used, suggesting that the process of reconstitution promotes the renaturation of denatured apoaequorin. PMID- 7340831 TI - Importance of experimental conditions in evaluating the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of liver carnitine acyltransferase. Studies with fed and starved rats. AB - The experiments reconfirm the powerful inhibitory effect of malonyl-CoA on carnitine acyltransferase I and fatty acid oxidation in rat liver mitochondria (Ki 1.5 microM). Sensitivity decreased with starvation (Ki after 18 h starvation 3.0 microM, and after 42 h 5.0 microM). Observations by Cook, Otto & Cornell [Biochem. J. (1980) 192, 955--958] and Ontko & Johns [Biochem. J. (1980) 192, 959 -962] have cast doubt on the physiological role of malonyl-CoA in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The high Ki values obtained in the cited studies are shown to be due to incubation conditions that cause substrate depletion, destruction of malonyl-CoA or generation of excessively high concentrations of unbound acyl-CoA (which offsets the competitive inhibition of malonyl-CoA towards carnitine acyltransferase I). The present results are entirely consistent with the postulated role of malonyl-CoA as the primary regulatory of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in rat liver. PMID- 7340832 TI - Energy metabolism in relation to oxygen partial pressure in human skeletal muscle during exercise. AB - 1. The intramuscular oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in human gastrocnemius muscle was monitored during exercise and compared with metabolite concentrations reflecting the energy and the redox state in the tissue. Ten normal subjects and ten patients with peripheral vascular occlusive disease were investigated. 2. In normal subjects the pO2 at the end of exercise was related to the intensity of the exercise, expressed as effect (J/s) per contraction. 3. In both patients and normal subject the pO2 was related to the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio, the [lactate/[pyruvate] ratio and the phosphocreatine concentration in the muscle tissue at rest and during exercise. 4. At each pO2 value, a lower [lactate/[pyruvate] ratio was found in the muscle tissue of the patients compared with that of normal subjects. This was interpreted as a beneficial effect of the higher oxidative-enzyme capacity in the muscle of the patients. 5. The results show the importance of pO2 for the regulation of the energy and the redox state of the tissue. During exercise the changes induced in pO2 and thus the energy state will stimulate the respiratory rate. This might be an important link in triggering the oxidative-enzyme capacity in response to physical training as well as in peripheral vascular occlusive disease. PMID- 7340834 TI - Effect of diethylstilboestrol on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and choline metabolism in the liver of roosters. AB - It has been known for 40 years that oestrogens stimulate phospholipid metabolism in roosters. We have investigated in vivo the mechanism for this effect. Young roosters were injected daily with 1 mg of diethylstilboestrol for 1--3 days. At 4 h after the last injection, 30 microCi of [Me-3H]choline was injected into the portal vein. At periods up to 3 min the livers were freeze-clamped and choline and its metabolites were extracted and resolved by t.l.c. Hormone treatment in the first 2 days resulted in a 2-fold increase in phosphorylation of [Me 3H]choline and a decrease in the oxidation of [Me-3H]choline to [3H]betaine. The concentrations of phosphocholine in liver were increased 2-fold during the first 2 days concomitant with a 2-fold increase in the rate of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. After 3 days of hormone treatment, many of the above effects were reversed and the rate of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis decreased to approx. 60% of the control value. The results suggest that the initial hormone treatments activate choline kinase within 4 h and, thereby, divert choline form oxidation to betaine. The resulting increased phosphocholine concentrations cause an increase in the activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, which results in a doubling of the rate of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. After 3 days of hormone treatment, the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine is decreased, most likely by an effect on the cytidylyltransferase reaction. PMID- 7340833 TI - Human somatotropin binding to rabbit kidney microsomal fraction. AB - Specific binding of 125I-labelled human somatotropin was demonstrated in microsomal membranes (microsomes) from rat and rabbit kidneys. Female rabbit kidney microsomes showed the highest binding activity and were used for further study. The association of 125I-labelled human somatotropin was time- and temperature-dependent and the binding reaction was reversible. Scatchard analysis of saturation data indicated a dissociation equilibrium constant, KD, of 56 pM and a binding capacity of 37 fmol per mg of protein. Similar results were obtained from competition experiments. Binding of 125I-labelled human somatotropin to the microsomes was specifically inhibited by hormones with lactogenic activity. The binding sites, as well as 125I-labelled human somatotropin, were not inactivated on incubation. Treatment of the microsomes with trypsin and chymotrypsin decreased the specific binding by over 90%. Preheating of the microsomes at 55 degrees C for 15 min abolished 50% of the specific binding activity. PMID- 7340835 TI - Carbon monoxide- and oxygen-reacting haemoproteins in the mitochondrial fraction from the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Studies at subzero temperatures. AB - 1. Mitochondria-enriched fractions of the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii contained four haemoproteins that in their reduced forms reacted with CO to give photodissociable CO complexes; these were cytochromes a 3, a 614, b- and c-type cytochromes. 2. Non-photodissociable oxygen-containing compounds were formed at temperatures between -130 and -150 degrees C after photodissociation of CO in the presence of 200 microM-O2, 3. Electron transport, indicated by the oxidation of cytochromes a + a3 and cytochrome c, did not occur until the temperature was raised to -80 degrees C. PMID- 7340836 TI - The incorporation in vitro of sulphate ions into synaptic-membrane glycoproteins. AB - Synaptosomes from sheep brain cortex were incubated with carrier-free Na235SO4 and the synaptic plasma membranes were isolated. The membranes were free of contamination from cytosol, mitochondria and microsomal material and accounted for 30% of the radioactivity present in the synaptosomal particulate fraction. Control experiments demonstrated that the radioactivity present in the preparation was not due to non-specific binding of sulphate ions. The synaptic membranes contained at least six 35S-containing protein bands with molecular weights between 160 000 and 16 000. Analysis showed that the radioactivity was located in the carbohydrate moiety of a glycopeptide. PMID- 7340837 TI - The alpha-adrenergic-mediated activation of Ca2+ influx into cardiac mitochondria. A possible mechanism for the regulation of intramitochondrial free CA2+. AB - Mitochondria isolated from rat hearts perfused with adrenaline, and from hearts excised from adrenaline-treated rats, showed an enhanced rate of respiration dependent Ca2+ uptake. Adrenaline pretreatment did not change the activity of the Na+/Ca2+-antiporter of isolated heart mitochondria. Simultaneous measurements of the membrane potential revealed that perfusion with adrenaline has no significant effect on this parameter during Ca2+ accumulation. The activation of Ca2+ uptake was induced also by the alpha-adrenergic agonist, methoxamine, but not by the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline. Methoxamine pretreatment also increased the sensitivity of alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in intact mitochondria to 10 nM--300 nM extramitochondrial Ca2+ during steady-state Ca2+ recycling across the inner membrane. Possible implications of these data for the adrenergic regulation of oxidative metabolism are discussed. PMID- 7340838 TI - The measurement of membrane potential during photosynthesis and during respiration in intact cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata by both electrochromism and by permeant ion redistribution. AB - 1. The membrane potential in intact cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata during photosynthesis and during dark respiration has been measured by two independent methods. 2. The light-induced and O2-induced shifts in the carotenoid absorption spectrum were measured in the intact cells. The shift was calibrated with K+ diffusion potentials in chromatophores derived from those cells. The light induced and O2-induced membrane potentials were -290 mV and -230 mV respectively. 3. The energized uptake of butyltriphenylphosphonium ions was measured in the same batch of cells. The light-induced and O2-induced membrane potentials calculated from the Nernst equation were -160 mV and -120 mV respectively. 4. It is concluded that the two kinds of probe measure the electric potentials across different domains of the cytoplasmic membrane, but it is difficult to reconcile the existence of such domains with simple electrical analogues of the membrane and aqueous phases. PMID- 7340839 TI - Mitochondrial and cytosolic ATP/ADP ratios in rat liver in vivo. AB - The ratio of ATP content/ADP content in livers from unanaesthetized fed rat was 0.9 in the mitochondrial matrix and 6.9 in the cytosol; the values for starved (48 h) animals were 1.0 and 5.9 respectively. The mitochondrial ratios observed in unanaesthetized animals were higher than in haemoglobin-free-perfused liver and lower than in isolated hepatocytes. Possible reasons for these differences may be related to oxygen supply and/or other factors. Further, data from anaesthetized rats with the liver exposed are given: mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios were decreased with pentobarbital, but less so with ketamine as narcotic agent. PMID- 7340840 TI - Glycosylation of apolipoproteins by cultured rat hepatocytes. Effect of tunicamycin on lipoprotein secretion. AB - Cultured rat hepatocytes were used to measure hepatic synthesis of rat plasma glycoproteins. [3H]Glucosamine was progressively incorporated into the protein of hepatocyte culture media very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and the p greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction after 3.5 and 6.5 h incubation. Apolipoproteins B, E and C, as well as transferrin, were identified as glycoproteins. The association of radioactivity with apolipoprotein C of hepatocyte very-low-density and high-density lipoproteins suggests that apolipoprotein C-III-3, the only C apoglycoprotein in the rat, is synthesized de novo by the hepatocytes. Treatment of hepatocytes with tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of protein glycosylation, resulted in a substantial decrease in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into hepatocyte very-low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins and p greater than 1.21 g/ml protein, but had little or no effect on secretion. In the rat, hepatic secretion of lipoproteins and transferrin does not appear to be dependent on prior protein glycosylation. PMID- 7340841 TI - Plasma clearance, tissue distribution and metabolism of hyaluronic acid injected intravenously in the rabbit. AB - The plasma clearance, tissue distribution and metabolism of hyaluronic acid were studied with a high average molecular weight [3H]acetyl-labelled hyaluronic acid synthesized in synovial cell cultures. After intravenous injection in the rabbit the label disappeared from the plasma with a half-life of 2.5--4.5 min, which corresponds to a normal hyaluronic acid clearance of approx. 10 mg/day per kg body weight. Injection of unlabelled hyaluronic acid 15 min after the tracer failed to reverse its absorption. Clearance of labelled polymer was retarded by prior injection of excess unlabelled hyaluronic acid. The maximum clearance capacity was estimated in these circumstances to be about 30 mg/day per kg body wt. The injected material was concentrated in the liver and spleen. As much as 88% of the label was absorbed by the liver, where it was found almost entirely in non-parenchymal cells. Degradation was rapid and complete, since volatile material, presumably 3H2O, appeared in the plasma within 20 min. Undegraded [3H]hyaluronic acid, small labelled residues and 3H2O were detected in the liver, but there was little evidence of intermediate oligosaccharides. No metabolite except 3H2O was recognized in plasma or urine. Two-thirds of the radioactivity was retained in the body water 24 h later, and small amounts were found in liver lipids. Radioactivity did not decline in the spleen as rapidly as in the liver. The upper molecular weight limit for renal excretion was about 25 000. Renal excretion played a negligible part in clearance. It is concluded that hyaluronic acid is removed from the plasma and degraded quickly by an efficient extrarenal system with a high reserve capacity, sited mainly in the liver. PMID- 7340842 TI - Relationship between ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes from newborn rats. AB - In hepatocytes from 1-day-old rats, active gluconeogenesis occurs in parallel with active ketogenesis, although the carbon atoms of non-esterified fatty acids do not participate in glucose synthesis. Once a significant ketogenesis is established, a further increase does not enhance gluconeogenesis. Indeed, octanoate is more ketogenic than oleate, but stimulates gluconeogenesis to a similar extent. PMID- 7340843 TI - [3H]proline incorporation and hydroxyproline concentration in articular cartilage during the development of osteoarthritis caused by immobilization. A study in vivo with rabbits. AB - Proline metabolism in vivo was studied during the development of immobilization osteoarthritis in rabbits. Collagen content was measured as the hydroxyproline concentration of the tissue in question. The incorporation of [3H]proline was used as the indicator for total protein synthesis; collagen synthesis rate was estimated from measurements of the specific radioactivity of hydroxyproline. Cartilage samples from knee and hip joints were analysed after 3, 7, 11, 18, 35 and 56 days of immobilization. The total protein and collagen synthesis rates of the immobilized legs increased and reached a maximum after 11-35 days. Although they decreased thereafter, these rates remained elevated to the end of the experiment. A slight increase in the synthetic activity of the non-immobilized contralateral legs was also detected after 7--18 days of immobilization. The isotope incorporation was markedly higher in tibial marginal tissue than in weight-bearing cartilage. In spite of the increased synthesis, no clear changes were found in the collagen content of the tissues studied during the experiment. PMID- 7340844 TI - The selective release of phospholipase A2 by resident mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages have three phospholipase activities: a phospholipase A2 active at pH 4.5, a Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 active at pH 8.5 and a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity. When macrophages are exposed to zymosan in culture, the cellular activity of pH-4.5 phospholipase A2 is diminished in a manner dependent on zymosan concentration and time of exposure, whereas the cellular activities of pH-8.5 phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C remain unchanged. The depletion of pH-4.5 phospholipase A2 activity from the cell is paralleled by a quantitative recovery of this activity in the culture medium in a manner similar to the cellular depletion and extracellular recovery of two lysosomal enzymes. This release is specifically elicited by an inflammatory substance such as zymosan, since macrophages incubated with 6 micrometer latex spheres retain pH-4.5 phospholipase A2 activity and lysosomal enzyme activities intracellularly. PMID- 7340845 TI - Does the D-galactose receptor on Kupffer cells recycle? AB - Kupffer cells carry on the cell surface a lectin-like receptor with specificity for D-galactose/D-glucose residues. After tryptic digestion of receptors, new lectin activity appears on the plasma membrane within 15 min. Protein biosynthesis de novo is not involved. This indicates the transfer of new lectin molecules stored within the cell to the cell surface. Kupffer cells can enter a physiological state where receptor recycling does not take place. PMID- 7340846 TI - Quantitative importance of non-skeletal-muscle N tau-methylhistidine and creatine in human urine. AB - The excretion of N tau-methylhistidine and creatinine was determined in a totally paralysed patient wih neither macroscopic nor microscopic detectable skeletal muscle tissue. In this subject, it was possible for the first time to measure the basal non-skeletal-muscle-dependent excretion of N tau-methylhistidine and creatinine per 24 h and per kg of non-muscular body weight, 1.15 mumol (N tau methylhistidine) and 35 mumol (creatinine) respectively. For the calculation of myofibrillar protein breakdown and skeletal-muscle mass on the basis of N tau methylhistidine and creatinine excretion, the values have to be corrected for non muscular sources. Our data show that skeletal-muscle tissue is the major contributor of N tau-methylhistidine in urine, since it contributes as much as 75% to the urinary excretion. PMID- 7340847 TI - The effect in vitro of high-density lipoprotein on hydrolysis of triacylglycerol by lipoprotein lipase. AB - In an incubation system in vitro with fully activated Intralipid as substrate, rat high-density lipoprotein inhibits the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol by lipoprotein lipase from rat adipose tissue, but does not inhibit hydrolysis by the enzyme from bovine milk. The pattern of inhibition suggests that substrate and high-density lipoprotein may compete for association with rat adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 7340848 TI - Labelling of membrane glycoproteins on rat spermatozoa collected from different regions of the epididymis. AB - The major glycoprotein on the plasma membrane of testicular spermatozoa labelled with the galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 technique has mol.wt. 110 000. As spermatozoa pass through the epididymis, labelling of this glycoprotein disappears and is replaced by labelling of a 32 000-mol.wt. protein. The latter protein is a major component of epididymal secretions. The evidence suggests that it is inserted into or absorbed on to the plasma membrane, and since its appearance on spermatozoa correlates with the acquisition of fertilizing capacity it should serve as a good marker for assessing maturation in vitro. PMID- 7340849 TI - Alkaline phosphatase protein increases in response to prednisolone in HeLa cells. AB - Quantification of term-placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme protein in HeLa TCRC-1 cells grown in the presence and absence of prednisolone indicates that there is a net increase in amount of enzyme-specific protein in prednisolone stimulated cells. In a similar analysis of HeLa D98AH2 cells, prednisolone treatment causes the appearance of term-placental alkaline phosphatase protein and the loss of the intestinal isoenzyme protein. These results support the interpretation that the response of these cells to corticosteroids is the net accumulation of alkaline phosphatase protein rather than the modification of pre existing enzyme to a more active state. PMID- 7340850 TI - The colonization of Streptococcus faecium in human intestinal tract after oral administration. AB - The colonizing ability of Streptococcus faecium strain SF 68 at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed in ten patients. They were orally treated with a preparation containing the bacteria in lyophilized form for three days. During an abdominal surgical operation a sample of bacterial content of jejunum, ileum and colon was taken and cultured. The Streptococcus faecium was detected in all treated patients in a quite high concentration compared to the counts of both aerobic and anaerobic germs. These data confirms the rapid growth of SF 68 after oral administration in the gastrointestinal human tract. PMID- 7340851 TI - [Behavior of serum immunoglobulins in a series of cases of chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis in children]. PMID- 7340852 TI - Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in Italy. PMID- 7340853 TI - Infection with contact lens wear. PMID- 7340854 TI - [Pharmacological profile of a new drug with psychostimulant and antidepressive activity derived from amantadine]. PMID- 7340855 TI - Use of programmable calculator for the prediction of drug serum concentrations. PMID- 7340856 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: organic changes in the heart or autonomic nervous system disease]. PMID- 7340857 TI - [Significance of electro-vectorcardiographic changes in patients and carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7340858 TI - [Marfan syndrome associated with beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 7340859 TI - [Pathogenetic problems related to mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7340860 TI - [Treatment of refractory heart failure in the advanced phase of congestive myocardiopathy: new positive inotropic and vasodilator drugs]. PMID- 7340861 TI - [Changes in ventricular complexes during the exercise test]. PMID- 7340862 TI - [Profile of a new anti-arrhythmic agent: propafenon. I. Electrophysiologic characterization]. PMID- 7340863 TI - [Cumulative survival curves: analysis and automatic plotting in 750 pacemaker patients]. PMID- 7340864 TI - [Behavior of hemodynamic parameters in the exercise test]. PMID- 7340865 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of left anterior hemiblocks]. PMID- 7340866 TI - [Work capacity evaluation in patients with prior myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7340867 TI - [Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7340868 TI - [Evolution of systolic time intervals after prolonged opotherapy in hypothyroid patients]. PMID- 7340869 TI - [Socioeconomic problems in post-infarct rehabilitation]. PMID- 7340870 TI - [Proposed protocol for follow-up of infarct patients]. PMID- 7340871 TI - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. A paradigmatic case]. PMID- 7340872 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in a case of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7340873 TI - [Mechanism of action of digitalis in humans. Potentiation of reflexes]. PMID- 7340874 TI - [Cardiac valve prostheses and pregnancy]. PMID- 7340875 TI - [Coronary venous liberation of lactates and the perfusional state of the subendocardium in angina caused by atrial pacing]. PMID- 7340876 TI - [Cardiovascular screening test of athletes playing baseball]. PMID- 7340877 TI - [Hypertension and hypokalemia caused by a nasal spray containing fluorprednisolone acetate]. PMID- 7340878 TI - [Evaluation of autonomic neuropathy in uremic patients by electrocardiographic study of the R-R interval]. PMID- 7340879 TI - Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro rates of formation of the three main oxidative metabolites of antipyrine in man. AB - 1 The metabolism of antipyrine to its three main oxidative metabolites, 4 hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine and norphenazone was investigated in vivo and in vitro in separate groups of subjects with normal hepatic function and in the same group of patients with suspected liver disease. 2 The rank order for the rate of formation of the three metabolites of antipyrine was similar in vivo and in vitro. 3 There was no significant correlation between the rates of formation of any pair of antipyrine metabolites either in vivo or in vitro. 4 Despite this there was a significant correlation between the in vivo and in vitro rates for formation of each of the three metabolites in the same group of patients. 5 It is concluded that determination of rates of formation of antipyrine metabolites from their excretion in urine provides an indication of the activity of the enzymes involved in their formation. PMID- 7340880 TI - Cimetidine increases steady state plasma levels of propranolol. AB - 1 The influence of cimetidine (1000 mg daily) on propranolol steady state plasma levels has been studied in seven normal volunteers. Cimetidine was used as a 200 mg normal release tablet whereas propranolol was given as a 160 mg slow release formulation once daily. 2 After 1 day of cimetidine treatment (day 9 of the study) the mean (Css) and minimal (Css min) propranolol steady state plasma levels increased significantly from 24.1 +/- 14.9 ng/ml (mean +/- s.d.) to 39.2 +/- 27.7 ng/ml (P = 0.01) and from 14.8 +/- 9.3 ng/ml to 27.1 +/- 21.2 ng/ml (P = 0.03), respectively. The apparent oral clearance (Clo) was reduced from 6.7 +/- 4.3 l/min to 4.6 +/- 3.11/min (P = 0.006). 3 A prolongation of cimetidine administration to 5 days (day 13 of the study) intensified this effect significantly (P = 0.02): Css of propranolol was elevated from 23.2 +/- 14.4 ng/ml to 44.9 +/- 26.7 ng/ml (P = 0.003); Css min was increased from 14.1 +/- 10.2 ng/ml to 28.4 +/- 17.9 ng/ml (P = 0.02) while Clo decreased from 6.9 +/- 4.1 1/min to 3.3 +/- 1.61/min (P = 0.006). 4 We conclude that the drug interaction between propranolol and cimetidine leads to significant elevations of propranolol steady state plasma concentrations which may cause a clinically relevant enhancement of the effect of a given dosage. This requires careful observation of patients under concomitant treatment with propranolol and cimetidine. PMID- 7340881 TI - The effect of frusemide and piretanide on the renal clearance of gentamicin in man. AB - 1 Gentamicin alone (dose 1 mg/kg) or in combination with frusemide (dose 0.25 mg/kg) or piretanide (dose 0.1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to six healthy male volunteers. 2 Blood samples were collected at various times for 24 h and urine for up to 48 h. 3 Both diuretics increased the renal clearance of gentamicin during the period of the diuresis, without influencing either the glomerular filtration rate or the distribution of the antibiotic. 4 The results are discussed in relation to gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7340882 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of cefuroxime in the elderly. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime have been investigated in 18 patients at least 70 years old. The drug was given either by continuous infusion (7 cases) or by multiple injections (11 cases) for 3 to 11 days (mean duration: 7 days). 2 The unchanged drug was assayed in blood plasma and in the urine by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c). 3 Cefuroxime was cleared, unchanged, almost exclusively by the kidneys, even when kidney function was impaired. Creatinine clearance ranged from 1.02 to 4.08 1/h (17 to 68 ml/min) in this group of patients and plasma clearance of cefuroxime varied from 1.02 to 8.16 1/h (17 to 136 ml/min) (r = 0.7 P less than 0.001 for linear correlation), but the apparent rate constant for nonrenal elimination remained quite small (average: 0.04 h-1) and independent of creatinine clearance (r = 0.06, n = 17). 4 Since creatinine clearance decreases sharply with age, it might be suggested that cefuroxime dosage be related to creatinine clearance in the elderly, even when no renal impairment is suspected. PMID- 7340883 TI - The effect of variations in urinary pH on the pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine. AB - 1 The partitioning of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) between octan-1-ol and aqueous buffer was shown to be dependent upon the pH of the buffer. 2 Buccal absorption of DEC in five subjects was shown to increase with increasing pH. 3 In view of these findings, the disposition of DEC was investigated in the same five subjects following the oral administration of 50 mg DEC citrate on two occasions. 4 The elimination half-life (T1/2) of DEC and the area under the plasma concentration v time curve (AUC) were significantly increased when an alkaline urinary pH was maintained compared with the values of these parameters obtained on a second occasion when an acidic urinary pH was maintained. Renal clearance and total urinary excretion of DEC were significantly less at alkaline urinary pH than under acidic conditions. 5 The clinical significance of these observations is discussed both with respect to dose modification under conditions of changing urinary pH and the possibility of the manipulation of urinary pH in order to produce more effective dosage regimens. PMID- 7340884 TI - Diazepam kinetics in patients with renal insufficiency or hyperthyroidism. AB - 1 Eight patients with end-stage renal insufficiency on maintenance haemodialysis, and seven patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism, received a single intravenous dose of diazepam, followed by blood sampling over the next 7 days. Fifteen healthy volunteer controls, matched with patients for age and sex, were similarly studied. 2 Diazepam half-life in renal failure patients (mean 37 h) was greatly reduced compared to controls (mean 92 h, P less than 0.05) and clearance of total (free plus bound) diazepam correspondingly increased (0.94 v 0.34 ml min 1 kg-1, P less than 0.01). 3 However, differences were largely related to disease related changes in drug binding and distribution. Mean unbound fraction of diazepam in plasma of renal patients (7.0%) was greatly increased over controls (1.4%, P less than 0.01) and Vd of unbound diazepam greatly reduced (57 v 157 l/kg, P less than 0.01). 4 Clearance of pharmacologically active unbound diazepam (intrinsic clearance) was not significantly different between renal patients and controls (23 vs 30 ml min-1 kg-1). 5 None of the kinetic variables for total or unbound diazepam in thyrotoxic patients differed significantly from those in controls matched for age and sex. 6 End-stage renal failure (or its associated drug therapy) alters diazepam protein binding and distribution, but does not significantly change clearance of unbound drug. Thyrotoxicosis does not influence diazepam kinetics. PMID- 7340885 TI - Serum phenytoin concentration and clinical response in patients with epilepsy. AB - 1 Patients with poorly controlled epilepsy were cautiously transferred from multiple drug therapy to treatment with phenytoin sodium alone. One patient suffered more severe seizures and the initial treatment was restarted. The remainder showed no deterioration. 2 The daily dose of phenytoin was then increased by a small increment at intervals of 2 or more months. The serum phenytoin concentration (total and free) was measured regularly and response was assessed by records of seizure frequency and tests of speech, handwriting, short term memory and coordination. 3 Patients (n = 11) with partial seizures showed no consistent improvement with increased phenytoin concentration within the range 15 mg/l (60 mumol/l) to the individual threshold for intoxication, greater than or equal to 35 mg/l (140 mumol/l). Patients (n = 4) with generalized seizures however were consistently improved at higher concentrations. 4 Tolerance to phenytoin varied, the threshold for symptomatic intoxication ranging from 35-60 mg/l (140-240 mumol/l) total and 2.7-5.2 mg/l (10.8-20.8 mumol/l) free. Ataxia was the commonest symptom and in some cases this was manifest by worsening of performance on the test of coordination (pursuit rotor). Even at lower phenytoin concentrations the patients performed less well on this test than control subjects. Other tests of performance showed no evidence of impairment at higher phenytoin concentrations. 5 The same daily dose of phenytoin tended to give higher serum drug concentrations after intoxication than before. PMID- 7340886 TI - The effect of chronic propranolol treatment on overnight plasma levels of anterior pituitary and related hormones. AB - 1 Treatment of eight healthy males with propranolol (80 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in overnight plasma levels of prolactin and LH. 2 Plasma testosterone levels were elevated whilst GH and cortisol were unchanged by such treatment. 3 Measurement of overnight hormone levels 48 h after discontinuing treatment showed no evidence of a 'rebound' phenomenon. 4 Cortisol, GH, prolactin, and testosterone plasma levels all showed time dependent changes: propranolol treatment significantly altered the time course of cortisol but not of the other hormones. 5 The effects of chronic propranolol treatment are discussed in terms of a probable direct central action of the drug. In addition the lowered plasma prolactin levels may directly contribute to the hypotensive action of propranolol. PMID- 7340887 TI - Ethosuximide in human milk and in plasma of a mother and her nursed infant. AB - 1 The concentrations of ethosuximide were measured in the milk and in the plasma of a nursing mother and her infant during a period of 4.5 months after delivery. 2 The maternal and the infant's plasma concentrations rose after delivery. 3 The milk concentration ethosuximide was similar to that in maternal plasma on the third day after delivery. During the following 2 months the average milk/maternal plasma concentration ratio was 0.80. The rise in ethosuximide concentration in milk during the first month was steeper than that in infant's plasma, which may be due to an increase in the infant's clearance of the drug. 4 Even if the infant has subtherapeutic plasma concentrations it is recommended to control the levels in infants that are nursed by ethosuximide-treated mothers when nursing has been established. PMID- 7340888 TI - Relationship between the transplacental gradients of bupivacaine and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - 1 The binding of bupivacaine (400 ng/ml) to isolated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was studied at two protein concentrations. At 20 mg/100 ml the extent of bupivacaine binding was 31.0 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- s.d., n = 4), and at a protein concentration of 60 mg/100 ml binding of bupivacaine was 85.8 +/- 1.5% (n = 4). 2 Bupivacaine and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations were measured in plasma samples collected from a maternal peripheral vein and the umbilical vein at delivery (n = 23). The ratio of the foetal:maternal bupivacaine concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 0.52, while the foetal:maternal ration for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations ranged from 0.20 to 0.96. A positive relationship emerged between the two ratios (P less than 0.01). 3 The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration gradient across the placenta, and interindividual variability in the gradient appear to contribute to the low and variable transplacental bupivacaine concentration ratio observed. PMID- 7340889 TI - The effect of a single oral dose of prazosin on venous reflex response, blood pressure and pulse rate in normal volunteers. AB - 1 A single 500 micrograms oral dose of prazosin was associated with significant suppression of sympathetically mediated venoconstriction, as measured by the venous reflex response in six healthy volunteers. 2 The impaired venous reflex response consistently preceded orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia, which were associated with faintness and other unpleasant symptoms. 3 The plasma prazosin concentration, which was measured by a sensitive, specific h.p.l.c. assay, varied appreciably both between and within individual subjects. 4 There was no precise relationship between the plasma prazosin concentration and the symptomatic haemodynamic effects observed. 5 It was concluded that reduced venous return to the heart, due to significant suppression of sympathetically mediated venoconstriction by small initial oral dosage of prazosin, contributes to the pathophysiology of the orthostatic hypotension and faintness, described as the 'first-dose phenomenon'. PMID- 7340890 TI - A comparative study of atenolol and metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension. AB - 1 In an open, randomized cross-over investigation of thirteen patients (nine and four women, aged 37-67 years) with mild or moderate essential hypertension a comparison between atenolol and metoprolol was carried out in order to study the effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg given once daily on blood pressure and heart rate at rest and during exercise. 2 Before one beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug was replaced by the other in a patient an intervening drug-free interval of sufficient length was secured to allow an increase in the blood pressure to pretreatment levels. 3 A maximal fall in blood pressure was achieve with 50 mg atenolol once daily, with no further reduction when the dose was increased to 100 mg or 200 mg. Maximal blood pressure reduction was achieved with 100 mg metoprolol daily, while the hypertensive effect of 50 mg once daily was not consistent. Significant reductions in heart rate in all test situations were observed with 50 mg atenolol, while 200 mg metoprolol 100 was necessary to reduce exercise-induced tachycardia. 4 Atenolol 50 mg and metoprolol 100 mg once daily are efficient in treating mild or moderate hypertension and doses beyond these may not reduce the blood pressure further. On the contrary lower doses than generally recommended may be effective in the individual patient. PMID- 7340891 TI - Effects of placebo and BHT 933 on autonomic reactivity. PMID- 7340892 TI - Delay in the absorption rate of theophylline from a sustained release theophylline preparation caused by food. PMID- 7340893 TI - An electrodermal measure of arousal in opiate addicts to drug-related stimuli. AB - Frequency per minute of spontaneous skin resistance responses (SSRRs), an inferred measure of arousal, was compared for three groups of subjects when exposed to drug-related and neutral stimuli. The three groups were a recently detoxified opiate addict group, a group maintained on methadone, and a non-addict control group. Stimuli consisted of slides, objects, and video-tapes, all showing either items used in drug-preparation for self-injection, or neutral items. Results showed clear evidence of an increase in rate of response to drug-related cues in the detoxified drug-free group as compared to the other two groups. No differences were found in response to the neutral stimuli. It is concluded that the present finding of increased arousal to drug-related cues in recently detoxified patients may be an important component of withdrawal, which in turn is regarded as a conditioned autonomic response leading to instrumental behavior of readdiction. PMID- 7340894 TI - Stability of spontaneous electrodermal activity in the kitten. AB - Recordings of spontaneous electrodermal activity (EDA) were made in eight kittens, between 1 and 29 days of age, in order to obtain an estimation of reliability. Both frequency (number of SSPRs/min) and amplitude (in mV) of spontaneous electrodermal responses were computed during several waking-sleeping sessions. The results show that: (a) the reliability of records taken during the first week appears to be very low; (b) the frequency of SSPRs reaches the same level of stability as that of the adult at about three weeks of life; and (c) reliability of spontaneous EDA is considerably higher in sleeping than in waking kitten. The results are discussed in terms of ontogeny and 'trait' vs. 'state' characteristics of spontaneous EDA. PMID- 7340896 TI - [Tuberculosis throughout the world]. PMID- 7340895 TI - Anticipatory cardiac deceleration prior to total body movement in grade school children. PMID- 7340897 TI - [Estimations concerning the world incidence of positive pulmonary tuberculosis from sputum smears. Unreliability of official totals reported on tuberculosis]. PMID- 7340900 TI - Don Juanism: a disorder of the self. PMID- 7340898 TI - [Training of personnel for bacteriology within the framework of an integrated program in the campaign against tuberculosis]. PMID- 7340899 TI - From the object to the person: the treatment of a two-year-old girl with infantile autism. PMID- 7340901 TI - Projective identification in psychiatric hospital treatment. PMID- 7340902 TI - A radiographic study of mineralised tendons in the domestic fowl. AB - 1. The occurrence of mineralised tendons in the wing and pelvic limb of the domestic fowl was studied radiographically in adults and in growing birds from hatching to 182 d. 2. Mineralised tendons were found to occur in all the adults in the dorsal and plantar tarsometatarsus and variably in the caudal tibiotarsus, cranial metacarpus and caudal antebrachium. In the cranial tibiotarsus a mineralised tendon was detected in two cockerels only. 3. Mineralisation was detected from 91 d onwards, at first in tendons in the plantar tarsometatarsus and cranial metacarpus and later in the dorsal tarsometatarsus. The mineralised tendons found in adults at other sites were not found during the growing period studied. PMID- 7340903 TI - The inheritance of golden body, a sex linked mutant in the malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. AB - Genetic analysis of a golden body mutant in Anopheles culicifacies Giles indicated that it is linked to the X chromosome. Linkage experiments with two other X-linked mutants indicated that the gene sequence was re-Vs-go and the observed recombination frequencies among them were as follows: re-Vs = 14.0%, Vs go = 7.8% and re-go = 21.8%. PMID- 7340904 TI - Genetic analysis of quantitative characters in cigar and pipe tobacco Nicotiana tabacum II. Grades of cigar filler tobacco. AB - A diallel cross of four cigar and one pipe tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was analyzed for the following characters in samples of cured tobacco: (1) percentage of light filler; (2) percentage of heavy filler; (3) percentage of top filler; (4) percentage of bottom filler; (5) percentage of total filler; (6) percentage of marketable trash and (7) total percentage of marketable tobacco. The experiment was performed over three years with four replications. Analysis was done for general combining ability and specific combining ability. General combining ability was greater than specific combining ability for all parameters, although specific combining ability effects were also present for all parameters with the exception of total marketable tobacco. Reciprocal effects were completely absent. The line Pennbel 69 showed a negative general combining ability effect for all grades of filler, total filler and total marketable tobacco with a positive effect for percentage of marketable trash. High positive specific combining ability effects for percentage total filler and high negative specific combining ability effects for percentage marketable trash were shown by crosses of Pennbel 69 with the other four cultivars. PMID- 7340905 TI - Isozymes of Culex p. fatigans. III. Genetics of leucine-amino-peptidase. AB - Zymograms of leucine-amino-peptidase (LAP) of the mosquito Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann (C. p. quinquefasciatus) showed 20 isozyme bands in the fourth instar larvae, 13 in the pupae and 3 in the older adults. Homozygous strains of Lap-1F (Fast) and Lap-1S (Slow) were isolated and linkage studies carried out. Lap-1F and Lap-1S allozymes act as codominant alleles, are sex linked and are located in linkage group I. The gene sequence is e-M-mar-Lap-1 (eye-gap, maroon-eye, leucine amino-peptidase-1), and the linkage distances in the M-mar and mar-Lap-1 segments are 22.0 and 10.5, respectively. Gene frequency analysis of natural populations from Brazil and Pakistan showed the S allele was more frequent in the Brazilian populations whereas F was more frequent in the Pakistani populations. Fixation of F allele had occurred in two Pakistani populations. PMID- 7340906 TI - Experimental parvovirus infection in dogs. AB - Five eight week old dogs were inoculated orally and intranasally with cell culture origin canine parvovirus. Three dogs became depressed and anorectic and developed a mild (one dog) to severe diarrhea five days postinfection. The remaining dogs had subclinical infections but developed a lymphopenia followed by a transient lymphocytosis. The ill dogs developed mild (one dog) to severe neutropenia and a moderate lymphopenia. One died nine days postinfection. Recovery was associated with cessation of viral excretion and with lymphocytosis and antibody production. Two of three dogs challenged intragastrically developed mild clinical signs and a moderate panleukopenia four to eight days postinfection. The pathological changes of the experimental disease were very similar to that of spontaneous disease. Bone marrow changes included a severe granulocytic and mild erythroid depletion. The pathogenesis of canine parvovirus infection is discussed. PMID- 7340907 TI - Normal postpartum involution of the uterus in the dog. AB - Ninety-eight reproductive tracts from dogs at different postpartum time periods were used to investigate stages of normal involution. Seventy-eight reproductive tracts were obtained from the field, and 20 obtained surgically for gross and microscopic examination. Plasma progesterone was measured in 22 dogs at various times postpartum. The uterine horns during the first week postpartum were dilated and edematous. The placental sites were 1.5-3 cm in width, rough, granular and covered with mucus and a few blood clots. By the fourth week the placental sites were thick, grayish-tan and nodular with a few blood clots within nodules. The uterine horns during the seventh week were greatly contracted and the placental sites were narrow and light in color. A few nodules were still present on the surface. By the ninth week the uterine horns were uniform in shape and contracted with a narrow lumen. The placental sites appeared as a narrow brown band. Histologically the placental sites during the first week postpartum were covered by an eosinophilic staining necrotic mass and a few intact epithelial cells scattered on the surface as an interrupted single layer. Under the necrotic mass, large eosinophilic staining cells in moderate number were scattered throughout the lamina propria of the placental site. These cells were considered to be decidual cells. By the fourth week the placental sites were covered by a large lobulated mass of collagen fibers. The uterine glands were greatly dilated and degenerate, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria was pronounced. By the seventh week, large masses of collagen fibers were detached from the surface, and endometrial glands were normal in size and shape. By the ninth week surface sloughing was completed. However, regeneration and replacement of the endometrial lining from the mouth of the uterine glands continued until the end of the twelfth week when the involution process was completed. The progesterone levels were very low for eight weeks postpartum. PMID- 7340908 TI - The genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma flora of healthy and diseased dogs. AB - The genital mycoplasma and ureaplasma flora was compared in 136 dogs with varied reproductive histories. Mycoplasmas were recovered from 88% of vulvovaginal swabs, 85% preputial swabs and 72% semen samples. Isolation rates were slightly higher from dogs that were infertile or had evidence of genital disease but the differences from those that were fertile or clinically normal were statistically significant only in the male. Ureaplasmas were recovered from half the females sampled. Higher, but not statistically significant isolation rates (75%) were made from infertile females with purulent vulvar discharge versus those that were clinically normal and fertile (40%). In the male dog there was a significantly higher incidence of ureaplasmas in the prepuce of infertile animals (69%) than those that were fertile (0%) (p less than or equal to 0.05). Semen isolations although not significantly higher in infertile males, were all made from ejaculates, with subnormal motility, low sperm counts and/or a high percentage of midpiece and tail abnormalities (bent or tightly coiled). PMID- 7340909 TI - Optimal milk penicillin levels for the treatment of experimentally induced mastitis in cows. AB - Infection of the mammary gland (mastitis) was produced by infusing ten quarters 2/cow x 5 cows) with Staphylococcus aureus strain 305. Mastitic and normal quarters were then infused with a preparation containing two levels of penicillin G (100,000 and 200,000 IU) in 10 mL of 3% aluminum monostearate and peanut oil. Milk penicillin levels were determined prior to treatment and twice daily for eight milkings after treatment. Normal and mastitic quarters infused with 200,000 IU had higher peak levels than those infused with 100,000 IU. Milk penicillin levels were similar in mastitic and normal quarters for the first three milkings after treatment. However, residues persisted for a longer time in milk from mastitic quarters. Penicillin was not detected in milk from the untreated control quarters nor in serum samples assayed during the experiment. The in vitro penicillin G sensitivity of the udder pathogen (MIC=0.039 and MBC=0.078 IU) was well below the milk penicillin levels for the first five milkings in all cases. However, infection recurred in two of the ten quarters (one receiving 100,000 IU and one receiving 200,000 IU). PMID- 7340910 TI - Efficiency and sensitivity of techniques for recovering nematode eggs from bovine feces. AB - Haemonchus contortus eggs were extracted from sheep feces and known numbers were added to helminthologically sterile bovine feces to provide samples with seven, 30 and 60 eggs per gram (epg). At 60 epg, dilution techniques (modified Cornell McMaster and modified McMaster) tended to overestimate the number of eggs and more eggs were recovered (mean of 121 and 88% respectively) with these techniques than with centrifugal concentration procedures (modified Cornell-63% and Wisconsin- 69%). At 30 epg, all techniques were comparable (modified Cornell McMaster 67%, modified McMaster 63%, modified Cornell and Wisconsin 64%). At 7 epg, the Wisconsin (61%), modified Cornell (60%) and Cornell-McMaster (94%) techniques were comparable and better than the modified McMaster technique (16%). At all levels of epg, the modified Cornell and Wisconsin techniques recovered eggs from 100% of the samples. The Cornell-McMaster and modified McMaster techniques recovered eggs from 90 and 100% of samples at 60 epg; 40 and 100% at 30 epg; and 21 and 11% at 7 epg. With a gravitational concentration procedure, the Standard Vial, no more than 16% of the eggs at any level of epg were recovered and at 7 epg eggs were recovered from only one-half of the samples. Five gravitational concentration techniques were assessed over 66 to 490 epg. The Ovassay, Fecalyzer and modified Standard Vial techniques were comparable in efficiency (28%, 25% and 24% respectively), but the Standard Vial technique was less efficient (11%). Introduced into diagnostic parasitology was the concept of predictive values which is the proportion of samples that a technique correctly identifies as being negative for parasite eggs. At 7 epg this was calculated to be zero for the modified Cornell-McMaster, modified McMaster and Standard Vial techniques and 100 for the Wisconsin and modified Cornell techniques. PMID- 7340912 TI - A subacute toxicity study on 99m Tc stannous Glucoheptonate injection. AB - A subacute toxicity study on 99m Tc stannous glucoheptonate was performed with rats, dogs and rabbits, injected intravenously at ten to 100 times the human dose on a body weight basis. There were no abnormalities in the clinical status of any of the animals. No changes were found in urinalysis, blood chemistry or hematology in the rabbit nor in gross examination, renal histology or bone marrow smears in the rats and rabbits. Hepatic histology was also done. A focal area of necrosis in a liver of one rabbit that had been injected with 100 times the human dose was observed using light microscopy. Examination by electron microscopy in another group of rats and rabbits was prompted by the observation of that lesion. This revealed vacuolated and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum and degranulated and vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum in all the test livers. X-ray microanalysis indicates that the ultrastructural changes are linked to the deposition of tin. PMID- 7340911 TI - Whole blood leukocyte vs. separated mononuclear cell blastogenesis in calves: time-dependent changes after shipping. AB - The blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogenic stimulation by concanavalin A was lower (P less than 0.01) after transporting 60 dairy calves 480 km than it was either one or two weeks later. The response was similar for phytohemagglutinin. There was a decrease (P less than 0.05) in the number of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils two weeks after shipping. The transportation of calves did not affect plasma IgG1 or IgM level. The mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes by both phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A in whole blood cultures was more variable than with the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Technique variation, which was defined as the coefficient of variation among quadruplicate cultures, was greater than 20% for while blood assays and less than 10% for cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The variation among different calves tested at the same time and the variation within single calves tested at different times were also lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures than in whole blood mononuclear cell cultures than in whole blood assays. It is suggested that the variation among replicate cultures be reported in blastogenesis studies. PMID- 7340913 TI - Bovine paratuberculosis III. An evaluation of a whole blood lymphocyte transformation test. AB - A whole blood lymphocyte transformation test was used to examine cattle with varying degrees of infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Minimally infected animals characteristically responded to johnin purified protein derivative in the lymphocyte transformation test but did not routinely react on serological and/or skin testing. Heavily infected animals showed considerable variation in their lymphocyte transformation responses to antigen and some of them were consistently unresponsive. Antigen induced lymphocyte transformation reactions were recorded in 7.6 to 41.5% of uninfected animals whose infection status was determined by bacteriology and/or histopathology. The number of positive reactions recorded in uninfected animals depended on the population, the larger percentage being found in a herd with a proven history of paratuberculosis. The potential of lymphocyte transformation as a diagnostic test for bovine paratuberculosis is discussed. PMID- 7340914 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever III. Experimental infection of sheep, domestic rabbits and laboratory animals with malignant catarrhal fever virus. AB - Five of 19 sheep became infected when inoculated with a virulent strain of malignant catarrhal fever virus isolated in Kenya One of the infected animals was killed in extremis; its blood and lymph node suspension reproduced the classical disease in three steers. Calves exposed to these sheep did not become infected during 89 days of close contact. The Kenya strain of malignant catarrhal fever virus infected rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters, producing occular and nasal discharges, paralysis and death. The virus recovered from these animals in cell cultures produced disease in rabbits and steers. Neutralizing antibodies were found in the rabbit sera. Infant mice, chicken and duck embryos were refractory to infection with malignant catarrhal fever virus. PMID- 7340916 TI - Intraocular foreign body in a dog. AB - An unusual clinical case of panophthalmitis in the dog is discussed. Failure of resolution led to enucleation. Histopathology study showed an intraocular foreign body, probably a grass awn, that had migrated into the eye and established a panophthalmitis. PMID- 7340915 TI - Sympathoadrenal and adrenal hormonal responses of newborn calves to hypothermia. AB - Seventeen newborn Holstein-Friesian bull calves were cold-stressed by total body immersion in water at 15 to 17 degrees C until the core body temperature was lowered by 10 degrees C. Nine additional calves (noncold-stressed) were immersed in water at 35 to 37 degrees C. Eight of the cold-stressed calves were euthanatized soon after removal from the water while the others (n=9) were allowed to recover in a cold room at 4 degrees C for 72 hours. Noncold-stressed calves were kept at 25 degrees C for 72 hours. Sympathoadrenal an adrenal hormonal responses of calves were determined by analysis of plasma for glucose, corticosteroids, and catecholamines. Plasma concentration of glucose and corticosteroids rapidly increased in cold-stressed calves soon after immersion and remained higher (P less than of equal to 0.05) than concentrations in noncold stressed calves during immersion and most of recovery. There was a threefold increase (P less than or equal to 0.05) in concentration of catecholamines in plasma of cold-stressed calves and only a slight increase in noncold-stressed calves during immersion. Catecholamine concentrations remained elevated in cold stressed calves during most of recovery. Results provide direct evidence that sympathoadrenal and adrenal hormonal responses to cold are well developed in newborn calves and that changes in concentrations of glucose, corticosteroids, and catecholamines in plasma of these animals are sensitive indicators of their ability to respond to cold stress. PMID- 7340917 TI - Delayed neurotoxic effects caused by triaryl phosphate or triorthocresyl phosphate: a problem of definition. PMID- 7340918 TI - [The use of megestrol acetate to stop urine spraying in castrated male cats (author's transl)]. AB - The use of megestrol acetate to stop urine spraying in castrated male cats Four castrated male cats were treated with megestrol acetate because they were showing signs of urine spraying. The dosage used was 5 mg a day for seven days followed by 5 mg every three days for 21 days. The treatment did not exceed one month. Treatment was successful in three of the four animals with this therapeutic regime. A relapse was noticed one year after the initial treatment in two of these cats. Treatment was resumed in one case, while in the other case spontaneous regression of urine spraying occurred. No relapse have been reported after six months. Other methods of treatment used to suppress this undesirable behavior are also discussed. PMID- 7340919 TI - Ampicillin toxicity in rabbits. PMID- 7340920 TI - [Lymphoid leukemia in two dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphoid leukemia in two dogsThis report describes lymphoid leukemia in two young dogs. For each, there is a description of the clinical and radiological signs in both animals, and a discussion of the lesions from the biopsies and the necropsy of one of the dogs. Both cases were diagnosed in young animals. The first one was an 18 month old Greyhound and the second was a 13 month old Boxer. PMID- 7340921 TI - Programming for preventive disease and improved production in sheep. AB - Sheep losses each year are high in all types of rearing systems throughout the United Kingdom. Losses could well be reduced by a closer relationship between the sheep owner and the veterinarian. A closer relationship should involve the development of a simple disease preventive programme requiring a number of regular farm visits each year. Any such programme could attempt to control disease mainly by preventive methods, establish a complete parasite control programme and incorporate a high degree of instruction. There is probably a need for many veterinarians to attend specialist sheep courses, and suggestions are offered whereby the situation could be improved. PMID- 7340922 TI - [Presence of the bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish in Quebec (author's transl)]. AB - Presence of the bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish in Quebec During the summers of 1979 and 1980, wild and hatchery fish were analysed for the presence of the bacterial kidney disease (BKD) agent in salmonid fish in Quebec by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The causative agent of BKD was detected in all hatcheries tested. Ten to 25% of the fish were positive. The presence of this agent was independent of age and species. We were unable to detect the BKD in fish from the rivers in the northern part of Quebec (over the 50th parallel). The first detection of BKD in Quebec was made in the spring of 1979 in a hatchery. A high mortality occurred in fish over a year old. The majority of the fish were positive by immunofluorescence and the bacteriun was isolated from some fish. Three weeks before the disease appeared, six ponds received fish from this hatchery. No mortality was observed in those ponds and in the middle of the summer the percentage of carrier fish by immunofluorescence was approximately 20%. PMID- 7340923 TI - Prostatic adenocarcinoma with concurrent Sertoli cell tumor in a dog. AB - A case of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma with concurrent Sertoli cell tumor is presented in an old, miniature Schnauzer dog. The prostatic neoplasm was highly anaplastic and had metastasized widely. Clinical signs were compatible with increased estrogen production. It is interesting to note that the prostatic carcinoma, usually considered to be androgen dependent, developed and metastasized, despite the presence of apparently increased estrogen levels. PMID- 7340924 TI - Patho-anatomy of herniation of the reticulum through the diaphragm in the bovine. AB - Dissection of embalmed and untreated water buffalo carcasses (n=10) revealed that hernias had occurred at the musculotendinous junction of the diaphragm, ventral to the foramen venae cavae and slightly lateral to the median plane. The diameter of the hernial ring varied from 7 cm to 20 cm. Herniation was more common in the right thoracic cavity with the reticulum firmly adherent to the hernia ring. Adhesions between the herniated portion of the reticulum and pleura, lung, pericardium or thoracic wall were present, while in a few cases thick fibrous tracts concealing metallic bodies were found. In two cases, involvement of esophageal groove with malalignment of cardia and reticulo-omasal opening was observed. Displacement and compression of the heart was observed in four animals. PMID- 7340925 TI - Control of coccidiosis in chickens by clopidol and robenidine rotation. PMID- 7340926 TI - Pneumonia in Saskatchewan swine: abattoir incidence of intrathoracic lesions in pigs from a herd infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and from other herds. AB - A 1978-79 survey of the incidence of thoracic cavity lesions at slaughter had shown that the overall incidence of pleurisy in Saskatchewan swine was low (2%). Therefore, in the summer of 1979 a comparison was made between the incidence of pleurisy in a herd of pigs chronically affected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae pneumonia and in animals from other herds slaughtered at the same time. The incidence of pleurisy in control pigs (3.6%) was slightly higher than in the large scale survey but in the pigs from the Haemophilus infected herd it was almost four times as great (13.3%). In the same herd the survivors of a batch of pigs which had been decimated by more severe disease showed an incidence of 32% pleurisy. The economic implications of these findings are detailed and discussed. PMID- 7340927 TI - [Multiple osteochondromatosis in a female boxer (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple osteochondromatosis in a female BoxerA young female Boxer was presented for a problem of lameness affecting the right hind leg. The lameness was associated with a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament. Following the radiographic examination, lesions compatible with a diagnosis of osteochondromatosis were found. There was no pain associated with this condition and it was an accidental finding. Macroscopic and microscopic finds are discussed and there are a few observations about the pathogeny, treatment and prognosis. PMID- 7340929 TI - Responses of veterinary colleges to societal demands. PMID- 7340928 TI - Milk production effect of a morantel tartrate treatment at calving in dairy cows with subclinical parasitism. AB - A field trial involving 217 dairy cows from 13 herds located in four different areas of Quebec was conducted to determine the level of subclinical parasitism. The effect on milk production was evaluated on 116 cows following a single anthelmintic treatment with morantel tartrate administered at freshening. The results showed that this treatment increased milk production in nine herds, which was statistically significant at P 0.05). PMID- 7340930 TI - Exercise in diagnostic radiology: intimal dissection and luminal involution secondary to double contrast cystography. PMID- 7340931 TI - Strains of rabies virus available for preparation of sylvatic rabies vaccines with special reference to vaccines prepared in cell culture. AB - Rabies vaccines for use as a preventive in wildlife have not yet been licensed. There are several vaccines which, based on tests in dogs, merit trial especially in foxes and skunks and these are summarized in a table. Trials are being conducted in Canada on the effectiveness of several of these vaccines in foxes and skunks. PMID- 7340932 TI - Uterine prolapse in a mare. AB - A prolapsed uterus in a mare and the techniques to successfully replace the organ and prevent complications such as shock, laminitis and metritis are described. PMID- 7340933 TI - Salmonella choleraesuis septicemia in calf. PMID- 7340934 TI - The fatty acid synthetase-structure-function relationship and mechanism of palmitate synthesis. PMID- 7340935 TI - Environmental effects on cutaneous carcinogenesis. PMID- 7340937 TI - Management and education for primary health care. Part I. PMID- 7340936 TI - Neurobiology of hearing. PMID- 7340938 TI - Studies on the incidence and seasonal pattern of hookworm infection in lactating mothers and the possible transmission to infants via the breastmilk, in Mombasa and Machakos, Kenya. PMID- 7340939 TI - The use of steroids in the earlier hypersensitivity stage of schistosomiasis. PMID- 7340940 TI - Severe anaerobic infections in Lagos University Teaching Hospital. PMID- 7340941 TI - How essential is the W.H.O. "essential" drug list?: the example of Zimbabwe. PMID- 7340942 TI - Studies on new antiulcer agents. I. Synthesis and antisecretory activity of pyridazine derivatives. PMID- 7340943 TI - Syntheses of antifungal isocoumarins. III. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3 aryl-3,4-dihydro-4-substituted-isocoumarins. PMID- 7340944 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of spiro[isochroman-piperidine] analogs for inhibition of histamine release. II. PMID- 7340945 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. IV. Syntheses of pyridobenzoxepin, pyridobenzothiepin and their acetic acid derivatives. PMID- 7340946 TI - Synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives. XXXIX. Synthesis and analgesic activity of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. PMID- 7340947 TI - Studies on fungal polysaccharides. XXVII. Structural examination of a water soluble, antitumor polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum. PMID- 7340948 TI - Protection by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole against the lowered uptake of p biphenylmethyl-(dl-tropyl-alpha-tropinium) bromide into the hepatic lysosomes of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. PMID- 7340949 TI - Studies on human prostatic acid phosphatase. V. Isolation and characterization of a prostatic acid phosphatase isozyme. PMID- 7340950 TI - Synthetic studies on enkephalin analogs. I. Potent analgesic activity of H-Tyr-D Ala-Gly-Phe-NHNH-CO-R (R = lower alkyl). PMID- 7340951 TI - Synthetic studies on enkephalin analogs. II. Enhanced analgesic activity of H-Tyr D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NHNH-CO-CH2CH3 following N-methylation of Tyr and Phe. PMID- 7340952 TI - Synthetic studies on enkephalin analogs. III. A highly potent enkephalin analog, H-Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-Phe-NHNH-CO-CH2CH3. PMID- 7340953 TI - Purification and properties of human alkaline phosphatase from meconium. PMID- 7340954 TI - Isolation of perisoxal glucuronides and determination of enantiomeric ratios of d and l-perisoxal metabolites excreted in rabbit urine. PMID- 7340955 TI - Stability of drugs in aqueous solutions. II. Application of Weibull probability paper to predictions of coloration of parenteral solutions. PMID- 7340956 TI - Mitogenic effect of lactobacilli on murine lymphocytes. PMID- 7340957 TI - Biotransformation of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to BHT-quinone methide in rats. PMID- 7340958 TI - Fundamental pharmacokinetic behavior of sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole and their biotransformed products in dogs. PMID- 7340959 TI - [Fluorescein angiography of the iris and Irvine-Gass syndrome (selection of indications for anterior vitrectomy)]. PMID- 7340960 TI - [Congenital vertical nystagmus]. PMID- 7340961 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic study of obstructions of lacrimal ducts in infants. Apropos of 152 cases]. PMID- 7340962 TI - [Embolization of a carotidocavernous fistula. Immediate results and therapeutic trends]. PMID- 7340963 TI - [Autoimmunity to the retina in idiopathic retinal detachment. (study of 50 cases)]. PMID- 7340964 TI - [Association of retinitis pigmentosa and coats' syndrome. Review of the literature apropos of 2 new cases]. PMID- 7340965 TI - [Spontaneous development of hemorrhagic macular choroidopathy in the young subjects]. PMID- 7340966 TI - [Problems posed by the presence and absence of the crystalline lens in cases of intraocular injections of silicone]. PMID- 7340967 TI - [An unusual chorioretinopathy: peripheral ciliary periarteritis in a circle]. PMID- 7340968 TI - [Use of the vitreotome in the treatment of pupillary block in the aphakic patient]. PMID- 7340969 TI - [Computerized automatic perimetry (Octopus). Initial results]. PMID- 7340970 TI - [Fitting very young children with contact lenses]. PMID- 7340971 TI - [Fitting visually defective patients with contact lenses]. PMID- 7340972 TI - [Kerato conjunctivitis caused by pine needles]. PMID- 7340973 TI - [Problems posed by the optical correction with eyeglasses in age subjects operated on for cataract]. PMID- 7340974 TI - [Occurrence of Irvine-Gass syndrome after surgery to create a new pupil in a woman operated on for cataract 20 years previously]. PMID- 7340975 TI - [An equivalent to Mooren's ulcer, or the danger of conjunctival overlap]. PMID- 7340976 TI - [Prevention of recurrence of herpetic keratitis by an immunomodulator : levamisole]. PMID- 7340977 TI - [Birth of the concept of fusion and correspondence of retinal images]. PMID- 7340978 TI - [Surgical treatment of idiopathic retinal detachment with peripheral retinal retraction]. PMID- 7340980 TI - [Sensitivity to contrast in patient operated on for congenital cataracts. Study using the Arden test]. PMID- 7340979 TI - [Postoperative functional outcome of bilateral congenital cataracts]. PMID- 7340981 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the orbit]. PMID- 7340982 TI - [Microelectrographic aspects of the equator of the human crystalline lens in homocystinuria]. PMID- 7340983 TI - Predictors of response and their clinical evaluation. PMID- 7340984 TI - Cross resistance and cellular uptake of 4'-O-methyldoxorubicin in experimental tumors with acquired resistance to doxorubicin. AB - A new analog of doxorubicin, 4'-O-methyldoxorubicin, was previously reported to have a pronounced activity against L1210 leukemia, which shows a natural partial resistance to doxorubicin itself. In the present study, lines of P388 leukemia and Ehrlich ascites tumor with acquired resistance to doxorubicin were found to be cross-resistant to 4'-O-methyldoxorubicin, indicating that the natural and the acquired resistance to doxorubicin involve different mechanisms. In vitro studies on the uptake of 4'-O-methyldoxorubicin in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells indicated that the observed cross-resistance was partly due to a decreased drug uptake in the resistant cells because of an increased extrusion of the drug, in accordance with previous findings on the mechanism of acquired resistance to doxorubicin. PMID- 7340985 TI - A comparative assessment of the in vitro effects of drugs on cells by means of colony assays or flow microfluorimetry. AB - The effects of a range of anticancer drugs on murine neuroblastoma cells, used as a readily reproducible model system, have been compared by means of colony forming assays and analyses by flow microfluorimetry (FMF). FMF provides the most rapid means of assessing the kinetic effects of drugs on cells. However, interpretation of these data is not clear-cut, since drug effects are highly dose dependent and no distinction can be made easily between progression arrest and cell kill. Thus whilst FMF allows some qualitative assessment of the perturbing effects of cytotoxic drugs quantitative evaluation of cytotoxicity is still dependent on data from the more time-consuming cloning assays. However, when cells are treated with certain drugs, e.g., methotrexate, vincristine, or VM26, for only 1 h, negligible kill occurred as measured by colony formation. Therefore it appears necessary to prolong in vitro exposure time when testing these drugs or evaluating cytotoxicity of potential antitumour agents in vitro. PMID- 7340986 TI - Delayed recovery of peripheral blood cell numbers after adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer. AB - A study was made on the recovery of the bone marrow after adjuvant chemotherapy given to 30 post-mastectomy patients with stage II breast cancer treated with either melphalan or melphalan and methotrexate at 6-weekly intervals for 1 year. Counts of peripheral blood cells were made serially during treatment and then for a further 2 years after stopping chemotherapy. Mean counts for all cell types fell during chemotherapy and recovery was long-delayed. Thus 24 months after chemotherapy, mean counts for total leucocytes and platelets were significantly lower than mean pretreatment counts and counts for a normal female population, and the count for neutrophils was significantly lower than the count before treatment; after 24 months mean counts for lymphocytes were not significantly depressed. Melphalan was assumed to be the agent responsible. Slow haematological recovery after cessation of adjuvant chemotherapy with one particular regimen points to the need for including long-term post-chemotherapy observation of the bone marrow in the assessment of adjuvant chemotherapy programmes. PMID- 7340988 TI - Blood levels of o,p'-DDD following administration in various vehicles after a single dose and during long-term treatment. AB - Plasma levels of o,p'-DDD were measured after ingestion of a single oral dose. At the onset of therapy o,p'-DDD was administered as commercially available tablets and granules and in milk, chocolate, and an oil emulsion to 9, 12, 14, 10, and 6 patients, respectively. Following administration in chocolate, emulsion, and milk significantly higher mean plasma levels were recorded in the first 5- and 10-h periods than after tablets. Granules gave significantly lower plasma levels than all other forms. Plasma levels were also measured during maintenance therapy, when a total of 200 g o,p'-DDD was administered to 22 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. The plasma disappearance rate after termination of long term therapy was found to be between 18 and 159 days. The recovery of o,p'-DDD from faeces was about five times higher after ingestion of tablets than after administration in oil emulsion and milk. As far as the rapid increase in plasma levels and patient compliance are concerned, the best results were obtained with the milk powder mixture. PMID- 7340987 TI - DNA breakage activity of the methanol extract of auromomycin. AB - The constituents of the antitumor agent auromomycin have been analyzed to determine their DNA-breakage activities. Spectral analysis showed that the methanol extract contained 70% of the non-peptide chromophore, whereas the residue contained 20%. Amino acid analysis of the methanol extract showed that it contained 21%-26% of the original auromomycin polypeptides. The DNA-degradation activity of the extract was 121% +/- 28% of that of the untreated auromomycin, whereas that of the residue was only 22% +/- 3.8%. Mixing of the residue and the methanol extract resulted in the loss of three-fourths of the total activity. Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the single-strand DNA breakage activity of the methanol extract was 6.5-fold greater than that of the double strand DNA-breakage activity. The difference in the total DNA-cleavage activity of the untreated, methanol-treated, and remixed auromomycin preparations may suggest the occurrence of certain non-peptide chromophore-polypeptide interactions in both the untreated and the remixed preparations. This is consistent with the fluorescent changes observed upon mixing of the extract and residue. Fractionation of the methanol extract by Sephadex chromatography revealed that several column fractions which were enriched with non-peptide chromophore relative to the polypeptides contained in them still had significant DNA-degradation activity. These studies suggest that the non-peptide chromophore in the auromomycin preparation may contribute to most of the observed DNA breakage activity. PMID- 7340989 TI - The protein binding of methotrexate in the serum of patients with neoplastic disease. AB - 1. Serum protein binding of methotrexate was studied in 14 patients with various forms of malignant disease and in eight age- and sex-matched subjects (control group) attending outpatient clinics for various clinical conditions. 2. Protein binding was determined by continuous ultrafiltration and methotrexate concentrations by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. 3. Protein binding of the drug is critically dependent on albumin concentration, as shown by results in individual subjects and a significant regression of methotrexate binding on albumin concentration. Moreover, at high methotrexate concentrations drug binding becomes non-linear, resulting in disproportional elevation of free methotrexate levels. Both these findings have important implications for the treatment of hypoalbuminaemic patients. 4. Two classes of binding sites were observed in both groups of patients, viz a high-affinity, low-capacity group and a low-affinity group with higher capacity. 5. No significant difference was found between patient and control groups either in the percent bound drug or in the binding parameters. 6. In conclusion, while there appear to be no factors specific to malignant disease which perturb methotrexate's protein binding, it may be important to determine the extent of drug binding before methotrexate can be used judiciously, particularly when total drug level is related to likely toxicity and in the design of an appropriate folinic acid rescue regimen after high-dose therapy. PMID- 7340990 TI - Tissue distribution of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in rats receiving multiple doses of doxorubicin. AB - Plasma and tissue levels of doxorubicin (DXR) and doxorubicinol (DXR-OL) were measured fluorometrically after high-pressure liquid chromatography at 1, 3, and 24 h following one, nine, and 24 doses of 1.0 mg DXR/kg or one and eight doses of 4.0 mg DXR/kg, IP, to rats. Comparison of plasma levels of DXR found following single and multiple doses suggests significant build-up of DXR at 1 h with successive doses, but not at 3 h. Liver exhibited substantially higher levels of DXR (on a per gram of protein basis) than did plasma, and multiple doses did not produce higher levels than did a single dose. In contrast, the heart accumulated DXR slowly, attaining levels after multiple dosing in excess of those found in the liver. Skeletal muscle exhibited dose-related levels similar to those for heart but the absolute levels of DXR in muscle were only about one-tenth of those observed in heart. DXR-OL was at very low levels of less than or equal to 4% of the DXR levels in the tissues; it was, however, a major circulatory metabolite, attaining levels in the plasma as high as 85% of the concentration of DXR. PMID- 7340991 TI - Usefulness of cardiotocography in expulsion period. AB - When an expulsion-period cardiotocographic record is examined, the most important factors, to be carefully controlled, are foetal cardiac frequency, its irregularities, the presence of decelerations and, above all, the appearance of final bradycardia. The Authors have studied 196 cardiotocographic records taken in expulsion period. Apart from the above mentioned factors, they looked for correlations between pathological pictures and parity, length of expulsion period and Apgar score. Satisfactory results lead them to conclude that cardiotocography is indispensable also in expulsion period. PMID- 7340992 TI - Rapid test on amniotic fluid for diagnosis of foetal pulmonary maturity. AB - The Authors have carried out a study on samples of amniotic fluid taken at various gestational ages. They compare the optic density at 650 nm and the Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio, evaluated from the quantitative point of view according to the method of Gluk and Coll. The results show a significant correlation between samples with optic density greater than or equal to 0.15 and those with L/S ratio greater than or equal to 2.0. Finally, the Authors analyze the possible usefulness of this method as a rapid test to assess foetal pulmonary maturity. PMID- 7340993 TI - Cardiotocographic modifications during continuous epidural anaesthesia in labour. AB - Cardiotocographic variations certainly attributable to epidural anaesthesia were studied over the period 1972-1980 on 716 patients in labour. Transitory side effects due to both direct and indirect action of local anaesthetics appeared in 1.4% of the cases, without, however, subsequently creating any particular foeto newborn problem. On the basis of the experience acquired, it seems justifiable to affirm that the correct use of continuous epidural block, affected by very small doses of bupivacaine (10-20 mg per administration) is almost risk-free. The only inconvenience therefore that may sometimes arise would only be due to the relevation of a concealed cava occlusion when the maintenance of a left lateral position is not observed. PMID- 7340994 TI - Toxoplasmosis and habitual abortion. Our experience. AB - The possibility that toxoplasmosis may be an important cause of single or repeated abortion has been considered for some time. The agreement among various authors is, however, far from being reached, above all in the case of habitual abortion. The present research shows that the frequency of positive serological tests on patients with habitual abortion is not substantially different from that of a control group, and that toxoplasmosis, even if only latent, may only in exceptional cases be considered a cause of habitual abortion. PMID- 7340995 TI - Carcinoma of the vulva. Non-mutilant surgical therapy, a clinical case. AB - Radical non-mutilant surgical therapy of the vulva carcinoma; a clinical case. The case of a 30 year old patient affected by invasive carcinoma of the vulva is reported. The patient was submitted to a first operation for tumorectomy with inguinal lymphadenectomy according to the non-mutilant method, and after four months to a further operation for tumorectomy. The treatment was completed with radiant therapy. After three years the patient is living without any illness, and her condition of life is better, compared with the period before surgical intervention. PMID- 7340996 TI - Original technique in mammary echotomography. PMID- 7340997 TI - Preliminary evaluation of a new protocol for the actino-therapeutical treatment of uterine cervix carcinoma in stages II and III. AB - This study concerns 89 patients affected by uterine cervicocarcinoma at stage II or III, hospitalized at the Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic of Genoa University and subjected to transcutaneous (cobalt) and intracavitary (cesium137) actinotherapy. One year after the treatment end, the Authors observed and compared post-actinic troubles in a group of patients who had undergone a classic actinic treatment and in those subjected to a new therapeutical protocol based on dose fractionation. The latter showed a higher incidence of immediate troubles, but a lower percentage of cerviconeoplasia persistence. PMID- 7340998 TI - [Parathyroid and clinical medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341000 TI - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism: especially in chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7340999 TI - [Surgical aspect of primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341001 TI - [Parathyroid function and vitamin D (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341002 TI - [Testicular feminization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341003 TI - [Serum ferritin level in hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341004 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341005 TI - [A rapid radioimmunoassay of steroid-hormone using dried Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341006 TI - [Fundamental evaluation of 125I-testosterone radioimmunoassay kit "Eiken" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341007 TI - [Detection of T4 by Tetrabead-125 kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341008 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of free thyroxine RIA kit (CIS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341009 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of rapid estradiol radioimmunoassay by 125I E2 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341010 TI - The protection against solar actinic radiation afforded by common clothing fabrics. PMID- 7341011 TI - Neutrophil mobility in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. PMID- 7341012 TI - Carcinoma of the tongue in a boy with xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 7341013 TI - Carcinoma cuniculatum: a cast metastasizing to skin and lymph nodes. PMID- 7341015 TI - Tar and related compounds in the therapy of psoriasis. PMID- 7341014 TI - A case of carcinoma cuniculatum with coexistant viral plantar wart. PMID- 7341016 TI - Razoxane. PMID- 7341017 TI - Photochemotherapy in the treatment of psoriasis and mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7341018 TI - Nitrogen mustard and PUVA therapy of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7341019 TI - Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7341020 TI - Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp. PMID- 7341021 TI - Depression of heart function after angiotensin II infusion in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - The response of heart function to angiotensin II (AT II) was studied in 18 patients on regular hemodialysis. The mean age was 33 years and they had been dialyzed for 55 months in the average. AT II was infused from a large vein and systolic blood pressure was raised by 40 mmHg. Before and after the change in blood pressure, M-mode echocardiogram of left ventricle was recorded. Left ventricular enddiastolic dimension, stroke index and cardiac index were found to be normal except for 9 patients who showed cardiac index above 4.0L/min/m2. No significant change was found in these parameters after the rise of blood pressure by AT II. Control ejection fraction (EF) was slightly but nonsignificantly lower in the patients than the healthy subjects; 0.73 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.05. Though significant falls in EF were found in the patient and in the healthy group, the former showed a profound depression of EF to 0.64 +/- 0.10. This value was significantly lower than the value of the latter group; 0.76 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.01). Since none had overt heart failure, a depression of EF after AT II can be regarded as subclinical abnormality of heart function. AT II will be useful to detect this limited reserve of heart function in patients on regular hemodialysis who may show normal function at rest. PMID- 7341022 TI - Disturbance of serum lipid metabolism in acute renal failure. AB - Serial studies of serum lipids were performed on five patients with acute renal failure (ARF) due to five different causes (Of five patients one did not achieve complete recovery.). There were striking alterations in serum lipid levels at the period of oliguria in all patients, characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TG) and an extreme decrease in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). These conditions gradually returned to normal as the patients improved. The restoration to normal of the altered lipid levels were preceded by normalization of serum creatinine (S Cr) and followed by creatinine clearance (Ccr). These fluctuational patterns of the lipid levels in the course of illness were observed similarly in all patients who recovered, despite the difference in the cause of their diseases. Improvement of the lipid metabolism was not observed in the one patient who did not recover. These results suggest that the alteration in lipid metabolism of ARF is due to renal impairment and not related to uremic state per se. PMID- 7341023 TI - Gel layer limited haemofiltration rates can be increased by vortex mixing. AB - Haemofiltration has been used since 1976 as an alternative to haemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure (1). Ultrafiltration flow rates (UFR) from blood are slow and it has been observed that when blood or plasma is ultrafiltered using highly permeable membranes, the UFR reaches a maximum which is independent of trans-membrane pressure (delta Pm) (2). We have confirmed this result during steady flow through an ultrafilter employing polyacrylonitrile membrane (Rhone Poulenc AN 69) but have also shown that this maximum can be exceeded by a factor of eight in the same device when vortex mixing is induced by pulsing the blood flow over furrowed channels. PMID- 7341024 TI - Hemodialysis patients' views of their treatment. AB - Medication compliance, knowledge of the disease process, attitudes toward treatment, and lifestyle adjustment were assessed in fifteen maintenance hemodialysis patients. Treatment implications are discussed. PMID- 7341025 TI - Quinidine pharmacokinetics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The clearance of quinidine was evaluated in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The dialysis clearance of quinidine was 0.793 ml/min which represented only 0.61% of the total body clearance (154.21 ml/min) of the drug. The elimination half-life of quinidine was 5.44 hours. Based on our results, dosage adjustment of quinidine does not appear to be necessary for patients undergoing CAPD. PMID- 7341026 TI - Results of hemodialysis & hemoperfusion in the treatment of acute arsenic ingestion. AB - Hemodialysis and charcoal hemoperfusion have been used in the last few years for the treatment of acute toxin ingestion. We used these methods to treat a patient with a known ingestion of 1.3 grams of arsenic trioxide. We measured blood and urine levels of arsenic prior to and after dialytic therapy in addition to before and after conventional chelation therapy. The blood and urine levels showed no significant change with any therapy and clinically he lapsed into prolonged coma. In view of the lack of laboratory and clinical response, we feel that hemodialysis and hemoperfusion may not be indicated in acute massive ingestion. Supportive care to maintain blood pressure and urinary output may be all there is to offer. In recent years both hemodialysis and hemoperfusion have been introduced as treatment of accidental or deliberate drug or toxin ingestion. (1 4) There have been previous reports on the supposedly successful treatment of arsenic ingestion with hemodialysis. (5-6) We report our experience with a massive ingestion of arsenic trioxide. This patient received treatment with conventional chelating agents, standard hemodialysis, as well as hemoperfusion, without evidence of significant removal of arsenic or clinical benefit. PMID- 7341027 TI - Stroke and gangrene: complications of therapeutic plasma exchange therapy. AB - Two patients underwent therapeutic plasma exchange therapy. One patient with advanced rheumatoid arthritis developed a stroke after his fifth exchange. The other patient, with progressive systemic sclerosis, required a below the knee amputation secondary to shunt problems. These cases are presented to caution physicians in selecting patients for pheresis procedures and suggest that major complications can occur with this technique. PMID- 7341028 TI - Three hollow fiber dialyzers. AB - Hollow fiber dialyzers with a variety of sizes and performance characteristics are presently available for the dialysis of adult patients. We evaluated three currently available follow fiber adult dialyzers in vitro and in vivo during treatment of adult patients. All three dialyzers, Gambro GF-120H, Gambro GF-120L, and Travenol CF-1211 were well suited for the dialysis of adult patients. By considering the clinical status of the patients and the performance characteristics of the dialyzer (solute removal, ultrafiltration, priming volume, etc.), it is possible to employ the follow fiber dialyzer which most precisely meets the needs of the patient, without increasing risk factors associated with hemodialysis. PMID- 7341029 TI - Heterogeneity in the size and stability of transmembrane channels produced by whole complement. PMID- 7341030 TI - Complete absence of the third component of complement in a patient with repeated infections. PMID- 7341031 TI - Circulating immune complexes in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 7341032 TI - The effects of corticosteroids on IgG Fc receptor and complement receptor mediated interaction of monocytes with red cells. PMID- 7341033 TI - C4 polymorphism and HLA linkage: studies in a family with hereditary C4 deficiency. PMID- 7341034 TI - Immunologic studies of experimental beryllium lung disease in the guinea pig. PMID- 7341035 TI - [Patho-physiology on chronic poisonous disease of nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341036 TI - [Some pathological aspects of intoxication of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341037 TI - [Infections of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7341038 TI - [Pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7341039 TI - Record of hospitalized acute intoxication cases: a proposed statistical epidemiological form. AB - A form is presented for recording acute toxicological case histories for statistical purposes. It includes personal data, case history, social and environmental data, characteristics of the poison(s), history of the intoxication, general and prevailing signs and symptoms, criteria of diagnosis, emergency measures, specific and antagonistic treatment before and during hospitalization, clinical laboratory findings, toxicological analysis, and progression of symptoms until full or partial recovery or death. This form was developed in the course of retrospective research, and can be used either for telephone emergency calls or as a part of the clinical file. Through the elaboration of the compiled forms a strict cooperation between the assisting services and the Specialized Toxicology Centre may allow for better preventive and therapeutic measures. PMID- 7341040 TI - Sample research of hospitalized acute intoxication cases using an epidemiological form. AB - A form for recording acute toxicological cases has been preliminarily applied to a sample of 436 subjects admitted during 1978 into the hospitals of two districts of the Venetian Region. One was predominately manufacture and industry, and the other a mountain-agricultural area. The latter had medical facilities less uniformly distributed. Through epidemiological analysis, the acute poisoning cases from psychoactive drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antipsychotic agents, and tricyclic antidepressants) prevailed (37.9%). They were followed by acute cases from street heroin or other opiates in addicts (25.7%) that only occurred in the main town of the more industrialized district. The incidence of the other poisoning cases were in the following decreasing order: household poisons (9.8%), nonnarcotic analgesics (5.1%), agricultural poisons (4.1%), cardiovascular drugs (3.7%), miscellaneous drugs (1.4%), food and plants (1.4%), oral contraceptives (1.0%), viper envenomization (0.7%), and insect bites (0.7%). A rate of 8.5% was due to unidentified compounds. Mortality was 0.9% and death occurred after exposure to corrosives, carbon monoxide, or undetermined substances. Between the two districts there were no marked differences in emergency and general measures that mainly consisted in supportive treatment with forced diuresis (13.9%) and gastric lavage (only 21.4%). PMID- 7341041 TI - Epidemiology in childhood poisoning: implications in prevention planning. PMID- 7341042 TI - Epidemiological aspects of poisoning in children observed over a 10-year period. AB - During 10 years of activity at our Service, we collected 1867 cases of poisoning in children. Our observations concern only subjects hospitalized at our Institute and do not include phone call consultations. Our experience confirmed a higher number of poisonings among males. As far as age was concerned, the highest percentage of cases involved children under five, with a peak between 2 and 3 years of age. A fairly high incidence (8%) of "passive" poisonings was found in infants in their first year of life as a consequence of mistakes by the mother or other people taking care of the child. Voluntary poisonings, occurring in children aged 9 or more, often involved females and accounted for 2.1% of the total. Drugs are the main cause of poisoning in children, followed by household products and by a group of different substances (spoiled foods, nonedible mushrooms, alcoholic beverages). The lowest number of poisonings occurred on Sundays. The time of the day when most accidental poisonings occurred ranged from 10:00 AM to 12:00 noon and from 6:00 to 8:00 PM. Most poisonings took place in the kitchen. The colors preferred by children are white and pink. PMID- 7341043 TI - Epidemiological survey of intoxications in Florence in the last ten years. PMID- 7341044 TI - Epidemics of intoxications through neurotoxins in France. Examples of the Warning system in antipoison centers. PMID- 7341045 TI - Development of the toxicological files in environmental chemicals data and information network (ECDIN). AB - A computer-based data network containing information on potentially toxic chemicals released into the environment is being developed by the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities and by research institutions in the member states as part of a program for environmental research. The information requested daily by toxicologists involved in administration, scientific research, and clinical or forensic toxicology covers different fields or disciplines. The data base, which is still in a pilot phase, collects data on environmental chemicals (about 30,000) spread over more than 100 data fields. These include identification; physical and chemical properties; analytical methods; economic data; hazard classifications for transport, handling and storage; waste disposal; environmental dispersion and transformation; toxicology: acute and chronic effects, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, behavioral effects; occupational air standards, first-aid treatments in case of poisoning or environmental disaster. Data stored in the data bank are original literature data which have been evaluated by specialists. PMID- 7341046 TI - Hemoperfusion in toxicology. Basic considerations of its effectiveness. AB - The indication to use hemoperfusion as a therapeutic measure in severe intoxications in man should be based on a three-step evaluation. First, the ability of an adsorbent to eliminate the poison from human blood has to be known. Second, the distribution volume has to be small and the spontaneous half-life of the poison has to be relatively long, such that lowering the toxic blood level results in a concomitant decreasing tissue concentration. Third, studies in poisoned patients have to prove that it is possible by hemoperfusion to lower the total body load to a toxicologically relevant extent. PMID- 7341047 TI - Biological evaluation of hemoperfusion in acute poisoning. AB - The efficiency of hemoperfusion in acute poisoning cannot be clinically estimated, because: (a) concomittant intestinal absorption, hepatic metabolism, and urinary excretion must be taken into account. (b) With supportive treatment alone, spontaneous recovery usually occurs in 98% of the intoxications in Intensive Care Units. The efficiency of hemoperfusion can only be estimated biologically. Measuring the blood level at the beginning and the end of hemoperfusion as well as measuring the clearances of the drug is misleading. A better method is to measure the amount of extracted drug, either indirectly by calculation (from hourly differences of arterio-venous measures of drug concentration multiplied by the blood flow) or directly by elution of the cartridge. In a practical way, if the blood level of drug is readily available after the patient is hospitalized, the optimum efficiency of hemoperfusion can be estimated beforehand, so that the decision to carry out the hemoperfusion can be maintained, postponed, or abandoned. For the most part, the experience of toxicologists has shown hemoperfusion to be ineffective for drugs with weak extracellular distribution (such as Digoxine, tricyclic drugs, heavy metals, Colchicine). Its effectiveness for certain drugs with poor in-vitro dialysance (such as Paracetamol) or with a small percentage of intestinal absorption (such as Paraquat) is still debatable. In the case of intoxications by hypnotic drugs, one hemoperfusion allows an average of 4-12% of the ingested medium and short barbiturates, and 7-17% of the ingested Meprobamate. Whether these results can be judged satisfactory, life-saving, or insignificant is largely a matter of personal standards. PMID- 7341048 TI - Hemoperfusion in "late" paracetamol poisoning. AB - Seven patients who presented to hospital later than 10 h following an overdose of paracetamol were treated by charcoal hemoperfusion. In all cases there was a rapid fall in the plasma paracetamol concentrations, although the total amounts of drug removed varied from 364.5 to 6699 mg. One patient developed fulminant hepatic failure and died; the remainder recovered, sustaining only mild hepatic damage (maximum AST less than 1000 IU/L). Charcoal hemoperfusion may be effective in mitigating the severity of liver injury in those patients who are not eligible to receive specific antidotal therapy. PMID- 7341049 TI - Trace elements in the cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases. PMID- 7341050 TI - Changes in operant behavior of rats exposed to lead at the accepted no-effect level. AB - After weaning, male and female Wistar rats were fed a daily diet containing 1 g lead acetate/kg food until a level of about 20 micrograms/100 mL blood was obtained. The male rats were subjected to the different behavioral tests, whereas the females were mated to untreated males and further exposed until weaning of the offspring. Behavioral testing of the male offspring was performed between 3 and 4 months of age. General behavior of both groups was tested in the open-field task including locomotion, local movements, and emotionality. The conditioned instrumental behavior was tested in the Skinner box from simple to more complex programs. The blood-lead level was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. No behavioral changes became apparent in the open-field task and in the preliminary operant training. In the more complex programs (DRH = Differential Reinforcement of High Rates), the rats exposed to lead after weaning showed slight changes of DRH performance. By contrast, in pre- and neonatally exposed animals, DRH performance was significantly increased, although blood-lead levels had returned to normal at the time of testing. A comparison of lead effects in animals to possible effects in man is discussed in this paper, and it is concluded that lead exposure to man at doses which presently are suggested to be innocuous may result in subclinical functional changes of the central nervous system. PMID- 7341051 TI - Lead neurotoxicity in clinically asymptomatic children living in the vicinity of an ore smelter. PMID- 7341052 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements among storage battery workers. AB - Eleven male workers in a battery storage plant with lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin blood actual levels greater than 50 and 100 micrograms %, respectively, and 18 male controls without lead exposure were tested by a clinical pendular eye tracking test (PETT). Each worker underwent a series of lead absorption measurements including blood lead, urinary lead, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, and urinary delta aminolevulinic acid. The SPEMs were evaluated by an eye tracking technique. The subjects followed a horizontally moving target which, in the form of a luminous spot on a dark background, was projected onto a screen placed 1 m from the subject. The maximum predicted eye movement velocity during tracking was about 30 degrees/s. Skin electrodes were applied on the outer canthi of both eyes and SPEM were plotted on a polygraph, recording both the actual eye movements and the corresponding first derivative. Our findings suggest that lead workers display a disorder of motor coordination of SPEMs system, and the PETT is useful, when associated with biochemical data, to evaluate the degree of subclinical damage of nervous system during lead poisoning. PMID- 7341054 TI - Osteoarticular complications in bismuth encephalopathy. AB - The authors have observed 59 cases of bismuth encephalopathy between 1972 and 1979. Eight female patients in this group showed osteoarticular lesions confined exclusively to the thoracic vertebrae and the humerus. These lesions included six cases with fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus, bilateral in two patients, three cases with spine fracture, and osteonecrosis of the humeral head in five cases. These lesions were seen predominantly in the severe and chronic myoclonic and convulsive forms of the disease. Intraspongy microfractures due to the intense and repeated myoclonia could explain osteonecrosis. It has been suggested that bismuth facilitates the modification of the bony tissue; however, the evidence remains inconclusive as there are few anomalies of phosphocalcic metabolism. PMID- 7341053 TI - Epidemiological study of encephalopathies following bismuth administration per os. Characteristics of intoxicated subjects: comparison with a control group. PMID- 7341055 TI - Some aspects of bismuth metabolism. PMID- 7341056 TI - Behavior of some psychological parameters in a population of a Hg extraction plant. AB - 52 workers of a plant transforming Hg mineral were subjected to psychological investigation in order to detect behavioral alterations which might be related to Hg exposure. A group of 29 subjects living in the same area was used as the control. The test battery included reaction times, mental efficiency measures, and personality indexes for a total of 33 variables. Results were analyzed through statistical elaboration using parametric tests. Efficiency and memory measures could discriminate exposed individuals from controls; for the personality profiles, an interpretation explaining the differences observed is proposed in terms of a dynamic profile having different characteristics in the different groups studied. Reference to existing literature is made to verify any possible correlation with other authors' findings. PMID- 7341057 TI - Dose-response relationship for human fetal exposure to methylmercury. AB - Eighty-four Iraqi mothers and their infants had been exposed to methylmercury during pregnancy. The methylmercury had been ingested as a fungicide. Peak maternal hair mercury concentrations were related to the frequency of maternal symptoms during pregnancy and to neurological effects in the infants. These include various degrees of psychomotor retardation. Severe neurological deficits were observed in five children whose maternal peak hair mercury concentrations were 165 to 320 ppm. Minimal symptoms were reported for mothers and children when peak maternal hair levels were below 68 ppm. Minimal clinical neurological signs occurred in children when peak maternal hair mercury concentrations were at an undetermined point between 68 and 180 ppm. Greater fetal risk appears to be associated with exposure during the second trimester. This exposure to methylmercury was acute and the results may not be extrapolated to a constant level of exposure throughout pregnancy. The effects of fetal exposure to methylmercury in marine fish may differ. PMID- 7341058 TI - Effects of methylmercury on the electric activity of the node of Ranvier. AB - The toxicity of methylmercury chloride (0.05-0.5 mM/L) to nerve fibers has been tested in vitro on a single frog's myelinated nerve fibers. The electrophysiological activity of the node of Ranvier has been recorded according to the air-gap technique. The amplitude of the action potential dies down progressively and the threshold for electric excitability increases; membrane Na+ and K+ transferences are significantly reduced. Eventually the action potentials are blocked and the membrane undergoes progressive depolarization. A recovery upon withdrawal was observed only with lower concentrations. A pretreatment with reducing agents (DTT and 2-mercaptoethanol) may delay the block of the electric activity of the node. PMID- 7341059 TI - Organ and subcellular distribution of mercury in rats in the presence of cadmium, zinc, copper, and sodium selenite. PMID- 7341060 TI - Intracellular interaction and metabolic fate of arsenite in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits were treated with single doses of 50 micrograms AsO2-/kg b.w. by IP injection. At 48 h, 83.0 +/- 2.1% of arsenic is excreted via the urine. Also in blood the clearance of arsenic is rapid. Liver, kidney, and lung, among the tissues tested, show the highest concentration of arsenic at 5, 16, and 48 h after injection. Arsenic was found to be present at subcellular levels mainly in the nuclear and soluble fractions of the above-mentioned tissues. Chromatographic studies performed by gel filtration have shown that in plasma and in lung cytosol, arsenic is present, associated mainly to low molecular weight components, whereas in liver and kidney cytosol it is prevalently recovered in the fractions corresponding to the high molecular weight components. This different interaction of arsenic with molecular components was shown to influence the metabolic fate of this compound in the rabbit. PMID- 7341061 TI - Poisoning by triphenyltin acetate. Report of two cases and determination of tin in blood and urine by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7341063 TI - Quantitative studies of corneal epithelial wound healing in rabbits. AB - Corneal epithelial defects are covered rapidly by the movement of adjacent epithelium. However, the mechanism of this tissue movement is poorly understood. In this study, the quantity or cell water, protein, and DNA were determined in healing epithelium to test the hypothesis that cell enlargement contributes to the rapid coverage of the defect. In addition, light and transmission electron microscopy and [3H] thymidine incorporation into epithelial cells were used to determine whether the healing tissue moves as a unit or as individual cells. The quantitative determinations lead us to conclude that healing begins with a dramatic rise in cell water, followed by an increase in cell protein and finally by a gradual increase in DNA. The morphologic and autoradiographic evidence strongly suggests that large corneal epithelial defects in rabbits are covered by the movement of adjacent tissue as a unified, multilayered sheet of cells. Furthermore, the cells appear large than normal with minimal changes in intercellular spaces. We suggest that the increase in cell volume is due to water uptake, which plays an important role in covering the defect by increasing the cells' surface area. Protein is then accumulated, followed by cell proliferation. PMID- 7341062 TI - Distribution of lysosomal hydrolases in human and bovine ocular tissues. AB - We have studied the distribution of the lysosomal sphingolipid hydrolases beta glucosaminidase, beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha- and beta glucosidases, and alpha-mannosidase in the bovine and human ocular tissues, choroid, cornea, lens, retina, and sclera using synthetic substrates in the form of the 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives of the corresponding glycosides. As compared to the bovine ocular tissues, the human ocular tissues possessed higher levels of all the enzyme activities examined with the exception of beta galactosidase, and alpha-glucosidase than the other bovine ocular tissues. In contrast to the retina, which is primarily a neural tissue, human and bovine lens have minimal or trace levels of all the lysosomal hydrolases examined. Human and bovine retina, cornea, sclera, and choroid possess enzyme activities which are higher than the lens. This would indicate a slow turnover of glycosphingolipids in lens tissue as compared to the other ocular tissues. PMID- 7341064 TI - Purification of a heat-stable beta-crystallin polypeptide of the bovine lens. AB - A major polypeptide component of bovine lens beta-crystallins has been found to be heat stable. This property is utilized for purification of this polypeptide on a preparative scale. A homogenate of lens crystallins buffered at pH of 7.3 with 0.95 M Tris containing 1mM DTT and 1mM EDTA is heated to 97-99 degrees C for 3-5 min. Denatured proteins are removed and the clear supernatant is lyophilized. The lyophilized material mostly consists of the major polypeptide component common to the beta-crystallins with minor quantities of some low molecular weight polypeptides. These contaminants can be removed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis, electrophoretic mobility and chromatographic behavior of the purified polypeptide indicate that it is similar to the beta Bp polypeptide. Antibodies raised against this polypeptide react with all beta-crystallins but not with the alpha-or gamma crystallins. PMID- 7341065 TI - Topical tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections: multicenter study. AB - Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic newly marketed for topical ophthalmic use. In a double-masked, multicenter study, tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate, the latter an established topical aminoglycoside, were evaluated in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections of the external eye. Efficacy was determined by resolution of signs and symptoms and the follow-up impression made by the physician. A quantitative, bacterial assay of the conjunctiva and skin lash margin before and after treatment was used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the two antibiotics. The results of the study, involving 511 patients, indicate that tobramycin is significantly more effective than gentamicin sulfate clinically, and the former exhibits a greater antibacterial efficacy, in the eye, against the combined conjunctival pathogens. On the conjunctiva, Staphylococcus aureus is significantly more susceptible to tobramycin than gentamicin sulfate. Although the solutions are equally safe, tobramycin ointment is associated with a significantly lower frequency of adverse reactions than gentamicin sulfate ointment. This may be due to the preservative used in gentamicin ophthalmic ointment, methyl and propyl paraben. PMID- 7341066 TI - Hydrogel keratophakia in non-human primates. AB - We performed sixteen keratophakia procedures in nine non-human primates using various hydrogel lenses (38% to 79% water) as donor corneas (lenticules). The lenses were treated as if they were donor human corneas using currently practiced keratophakia procedures including microkeratome resection of the recipient cornea, staining of the lenses before cryolathing and, in some cases, lathing according to a modified computer program after which the lenses were inserted into a previously dissected recipient lamellar pocket. This technique was able to produce steepening of the cornea up to 44.8 diopters and was well tolerated for over three months. The use of hydrogel lenses could potentially eliminate many of the negative aspects of the use of human donor corneas for the surgical correction of aphakia. PMID- 7341067 TI - Autonomic innervation and photosensitivity of the sphincter pupillae muscle of two teleosts: Lophius piscatorius and Opsanus tau. AB - The irises of both Lophius piscatorius (goosefish) and Opsanus tau (toadfish), like those of many other vertebrates, have a photosensitive sphincter pupillae that responds autonomously to light. The iris also constricts when exposed to either cholinergic or adrenergic agonists. Our data suggest that the adrenergic response is nonspecific and that the irises of both species receive primarily cholinergic innervation. However, both cholinergic and adrenergic agonists are capable of modifying the autonomous response of the iris to light. PMID- 7341068 TI - An assessment of the nature of chromosomal rearrangements in 18 species of Peromyscus (Rodentia: Cricetidae). AB - G- and C-banded karyotypes from 9 previously unstudied species of Peromyscus are described and compared to the 9 species described in the literature. Additional new data are presented for P. eremicus. A hypothetical evolutionary tree for the 18 species was constructed based on the assumption that, where possible, shared chromosomal rearrangements became established in a common ancestor. A minimum of 60 chromosomal rearrangements (34 heterochromatic additions and 26 pericentric inversions) were needed to construct the most parsimonious tree. Seven of the 18 species have heterochromatin in noncentromeric areas. Three times as many inversions have been identified in the 11 largest pairs as have been observed in the 12 smallest pairs. Peromyscine rodents are characterized by a pattern of chromosomal variation quite distinct from that described for other rodent genera, such as Sigmodon and Mus. Karyotypic orthoselection in rodents appears to be relatively common in closely related species. PMID- 7341069 TI - Standard karyotype of the laboratory rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. PMID- 7341070 TI - Differential fluorescent staining of porcine heterochromatin by chromomycin A3/distamycin A/DAPI and D 287/170. AB - R banding of porcine chromosomes by chromomycin A3 plus distamycin A and DAPI (DA DAPI) revealed two distinct types of heterochromatin: The GC-rich centromeric heterochromatin of the biarmed autosomes (Nos. 1-12) and of the X chromosome exhibited bright chromomycin A3 fluorescence, while the heterochromatin of the acrocentric chromosomes (Nos. 13-18) stained brightly by DA-DAPI. The latter also fluoresced brightly when stained by D 287/170. In addition, significant fluorescent polymorphism was observed among both acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes. PMID- 7341071 TI - [Use of dilazep to prevent peripheral, systemic and regional hemodynamic changes in the course of endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7341072 TI - [Paralytic ileus in surgery of the abdominal aorta. Experimental study. III. Angiographic and blood flow velocity studies]. PMID- 7341073 TI - [Volumetric breast integration with silicone prosthesis (indications, technics, results)]. PMID- 7341074 TI - [Ileal metastases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach (case report)]. PMID- 7341075 TI - [Case of breast aplasia with pectoral muscle agenesis (notes on the reconstruction procedure)]. PMID- 7341076 TI - [Intraflow technic in esophageal manometry: advantages and shortcomings]. PMID- 7341077 TI - [Prognostic value of the loco-regional lymphocyte response in lung cancer]. PMID- 7341078 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy: indications, technics utilized and personal experience]. PMID- 7341079 TI - [Reymond's enteroplication in the treatment of postoperative perivisceritis]. PMID- 7341080 TI - [A preliminary observation of biochemical abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane in aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341081 TI - [A comparison of bone marrow smear and biopsy examination in primary aplastic anemia--report of 36 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341082 TI - [A preliminary report on clinical application of the polyethyleneglycol precipitation test for detecting circulating immune-complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341083 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction complicated by perforation of interventricular septum--report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341084 TI - [An analysis and follow-up study of 28 cases of thyrotoxic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341085 TI - [Observation of serum enzyme profile in experimental rabbit schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341086 TI - [The preliminary study on the relationship between HbAI and diabetic control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341087 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in differential diagnosis of 395 cases of jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341088 TI - [Meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa--with clinical analysis of 13 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341089 TI - [Problems concerning the etiology, diagnosis, classification and treatment of aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341090 TI - [A preliminary search on the relationship between sodium, potassium and its membrane transport in the erythrocyte and essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341091 TI - [Evaluation of renin profiling in essential hypertension--with analysis of the data of 170 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341092 TI - [Recurrent short paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia and flutter-fibrillation due to hypopotassemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341093 TI - [Cure of two cases of preexcitation syndrome with local intramyocardial injection of dehydrated alcohol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341094 TI - [Clinical analysis of the therapeutic effect of semisynthetic harringtonine in treating 55 cases of nonlymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341095 TI - [Clinical observation of 21 cases of Agkistrodon acutus (Guenther) bite complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341096 TI - [Clinical observation of treatment of malignant malaria with derivatives of Qinghaosu "224" and "242" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341097 TI - [Hyperthyroidism associated with chronic thyrotoxic myopathy and hypokalemic periodic paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341098 TI - [A mass survey of diabetes mellitus in a population of 300,000 in 14 provinces and municipalities in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341099 TI - [The problems concerning the diagnosis of the early stage of gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341100 TI - [A brief account of 30 years' mortality of Chinese population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341101 TI - [Preliminary studies on yellow rice in certain parts of China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341103 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of Beauveria bassiana (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341102 TI - [An investigation of anthracosis in Longfeng coal mine of Fushun (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341104 TI - [Identification of teratogenicity and mutagenicity of polyaluminium chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341105 TI - [Statistical methods for analysing data in follow-up studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341106 TI - [Endemic fluorine poisoning caused by smoked foods with coal-smoke (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341107 TI - [The effect of cigarette-smoke condensates on frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341108 TI - [Application of cluster analysis in adolescent development research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341109 TI - [The effects and mechanism of cast 70 sand dust on development of silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341110 TI - [Comparative studies of several methods of enriching bacteria. I. Salmonella isolated from sewage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341111 TI - [Investigation on the relationship between HBsAg and primary hepatic cancer (PHC) in households in areas of low risk to PHC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341112 TI - [Analysis of 36 cases of anthracosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341113 TI - [Observations on the toxicity of epoxy resin and polyamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341114 TI - [Discharge of HBsAg in saliva and its epidemiological significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341115 TI - [Survey on hair mercury content of 857 normal persons in Suzhou City (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341116 TI - [Studies on the relationship between Leptospira infection and cerebrovascular diseases in adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341117 TI - [Selective abdominal arteriography: analysis of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341118 TI - [Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341119 TI - [Experiences in operative treatment for medium and late stages of primary liver cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341120 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the effect after BN-mode heterograft valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341121 TI - [Eventration of diaphragm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341123 TI - [Carotid body tumor: report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341122 TI - [Anesthetic management for surgical repair of bronchopleural fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341124 TI - [Treatment of traumatic urethral stricture in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341125 TI - [Anastomosis of vas deferens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341126 TI - [Management of combined thermal and mechanical injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341127 TI - [Application of transplant of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with neurovascular pedicle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341128 TI - [Traumatic injury of pancreas: report of 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341129 TI - [Strangulated obturator hernia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341130 TI - [Ischiorectal fossa dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341132 TI - [Complete dislocation of the knee: analysis of 20 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341131 TI - [Self-body-weight suspension therapy for cervical spondylosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341133 TI - [Improved technique of radical right hemicolectomy for cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341134 TI - [Clinical experience with valvular bioprosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341135 TI - [Aortopulmonary septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341136 TI - [Axillofemoral bypass for treatment of Leriche syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341137 TI - [Clinical characteristics of stress ulcer complicating burn and its operative treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341138 TI - [Treatment of chyluria with anastomosis of lymphatic vessels and veins in inguinal region and dorsum of foot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341139 TI - [Treatment of chyluria with microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341140 TI - [Ventriculo-lymphatic shunt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341141 TI - [Operative correction of scoliosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341142 TI - [Tuberculosis of clavicle: report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341144 TI - [Surgical treatment of mediastinal tuberculosis lymphadenitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341143 TI - [Surgical treatment of Turner's syndrome associated with coarctation of the aorta: case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341145 TI - [Colonic replacement for esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341146 TI - [Postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341147 TI - [Gastric ulcer complicated by mycotic infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341148 TI - [Problems in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341149 TI - [Clinical experience on efficacy of Monsel's solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341150 TI - [Use of 99mTc scanning in gastrointestinal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341151 TI - [Diagnosis and management of primary retroperitoneal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341152 TI - [Vascular implantation into skin flap to form an axial pattern skin flap: experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341153 TI - [Significance of sacral canal injection test (SCIT) in diagnosis of protrusion of intervertebral disc (PID) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341154 TI - [Estimation of specific IgE against Dermatophagoides farinae by radioallergosorbent test in sera of patients with allergic asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341155 TI - [Bronchial asthma and genetics and analysis of the family trees of 145 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341156 TI - [Pharmacological studies on the antiasthmatic principle of essential oil of artemisia argyi--terpinenol-4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341157 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of lesions in chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341158 TI - [On diagnostic value of impedance rheopneumogram and differential impedance rheopneumogram in cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341159 TI - [Searching for a proper test of the early detection of small air-way disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341160 TI - [On present status of blood rheology in cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341161 TI - [Follow-up study of chronic cor pulmonale by echocardiography: its diagnostic value as compared with roentgenography and electrocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341162 TI - [Misdiagnosis in 31 cases of bronchopulmonary cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341163 TI - [Clinical analysis of 11 cases of hematogenic amoebic lung abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341164 TI - [A report on 10 cases of enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes occurring during RFP and INH treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341165 TI - [Clinical analysis of 200 cases of acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341166 TI - [Analysis of contacts of 150 families with chronic fibrous tuberculous cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341167 TI - [The importance of sputum examination in cases of fibro-calcified pulmonary tuberculous (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341168 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis associated with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases: analysis of 23 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341169 TI - [A preliminary report about the measurements of lysozyme activity on 40 cases of tuberculous meningitis and 30 cases of tuberculous pleurisy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341170 TI - [Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism: a correlative analysis of plain film, pulmonary perfusion scan and angiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341171 TI - [The differential diagnosis and analysis of 110 cases of middle and lingular lobe lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341172 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of pulmonary solitary lesions: a correlative clinico pathological review of 232 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341173 TI - [Measurement of difference of pulmonary density and its primary application in the diagnostic grading of pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341174 TI - [Treatment of marked epithelial dysplasia of esophagus. II. Microspectophotometric studies on DNA content in epithelial cells of esophagus treated with antitumor B III or tilorone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341175 TI - [Ultrastructural study of giant cell tumor of bone--a SEM and TEM observation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341176 TI - [The clinical use of radioisotope scan in esophageal cancer--an analysis of 115 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341177 TI - [Pancreatoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341178 TI - [Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary--a report of 7 cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341179 TI - [Primary tumors of the skull in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341180 TI - [Primary malignant ovarian tumors--an analysis of 183 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341181 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix--a result in 170 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341182 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum and its cancerous change--a report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341183 TI - [A case of malignant peripheral nerve tumor containing rhabdomyomatous component (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341184 TI - [Olfactory neuroblastoma of the nasal cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341185 TI - [Mortality of cor pulmonale during 1974-1976 in Jilin Province---an epidemiologic assessment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341186 TI - [Roentgenographic diagnosis of renal artery stenosis secondary to aorto-arteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341188 TI - [QRS mapping with multiple precordial leads in diagnosis of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341187 TI - [Diagnostic significance of electrocardiographic P wave n chronic cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341189 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis--a radiologic study of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341190 TI - [Clinical-pathological study in 2 cases of endomyocardial fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341191 TI - [Eosinophilic endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis---a report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341192 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of partial endocardial cushion defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341193 TI - [Complete atrioventricular block and transvenous ventricular pacing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341194 TI - [Aortic-pulmonary septal defect associated with patent ductus arteriosus--- report of one case (author's transl]. PMID- 7341195 TI - [Echocardiographic manifestations of D-transposition of the great vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341196 TI - [Assessment of the activity of serum lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme and its preliminary application in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341197 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin and its preliminary clinical application on the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341198 TI - [Determination of cardiac output by thermodilution and its application on clinical hemodynamic monitoring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341199 TI - [Rupture of papillary muscle and chorda tendonae due to infectious endocarditis-- report of one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341200 TI - [Familial cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341201 TI - [Effects of prolyl-valine on electrical activities of rat hearts in situ and its antiarrhythmic action (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341202 TI - [Role of platelet in experimental atheroma formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341204 TI - [Electrocardiograms of the mice with high frequency response and high paper speed (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341203 TI - [Effect of needling on the hemodynamic alterations in experimental acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341205 TI - Clinical trials in medicine. PMID- 7341207 TI - Clinicopathological aspects of nephrotic syndrome in patients at Kenyatta National Hospital 1973-1977. PMID- 7341206 TI - Practical therapeutics management of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 7341208 TI - The place of simple laboratory support in primary health care of sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 7341209 TI - Pharmacy in Ethiopia. PMID- 7341211 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a Nigerian teaching hospital. PMID- 7341210 TI - The clinical presentation of depressive illness at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 7341212 TI - Misinterpretation of data on blood lead levels (an example out of the medical factory inspection experience). PMID- 7341213 TI - Factors responsible for under-utilization of available health services by the rural people in Nigeria. PMID- 7341214 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis: case report and review of literature. PMID- 7341215 TI - Placenta percreta, with spontaneous rupture of the uterus before labour and a uterine cornual ring: a case report. PMID- 7341216 TI - Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma. A case report. PMID- 7341217 TI - Commonwealth survey could cut heart attacks. PMID- 7341218 TI - [On the pathomorphology of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver was made in 15 out of 1620 liver biopsy specimens (0.93% of all biopsies and 4.6% of the morphologically verified cirrhoses) and in 6 cases of post-mortem examination material (12.5% of the deceased from cirrhosis of the liver.) In the development of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis 4 phases may be distinguished: dystrophia, necrosis and necrobiosis, destruction of the wall of the bile ductules and organisation. Periductular granulomas may form during the phases 3 and 4. The presence of morphologic signs of stages I and II on the background of distinct cirrhosis argues in favour of progression of the process. The contents of protein-copper-complex which may be exhibited by its reaction with orcein, increases during the late stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. Morphometric investigation gives not only a quantitative characteristic of the alterations of the liver in primary biliary cirrhosis--important for the assessment of the dynamics of the process and the functional morphologic alterations--but also favours differential diagnostics. PMID- 7341219 TI - [The effect of neostigmine and atropine on gastro-oesophageal reflux (author's transl)]. AB - During 6 hours continuous pH-measurements were undertaken to study the effect of neostigmine (0,5 mg s.c.) and atropine (0,5 mg s.c.) on gastro-oesophageal reflex after a standardised meal (n=18). Mean total reflux duration, single reflux duration and mean reflux frequency were not effected by neostigmine. Mean total reflux duration and mean reflux frequency were not effected by neostigmine. Mean total reflux duration and mean reflux frequency were reduced by atropine during the first hour p.i. (a less than 0,01). PMID- 7341220 TI - [Considerations on the etiology of pancreatitis]. AB - Among numerous factors which induce or exacerbate pancreatitis infection of the biliary-tract--with or without lithiasis--is important. In suitable cases intervallic restoration of this tract is the best way to avoid recidivation. From a total of 624 patients in our department with cholepancreatitis in 225 cases this therapy was performed. After a recidivation of pancreatitis which required hospitalisation within at least 3 years was to be seen in 4.7%. PMID- 7341222 TI - Road safety. A selection of paper from the International Conference on Road Safety. Cardiff, U.K., 7-11 September 1981. PMID- 7341221 TI - [Psychological factors in duodenal ulcers]. AB - With the aid of a clinical questionnaire and the I-N-R-personality test of Eysenck (as modified by Bottcher), we examined 127 male patients with clinically and radiologically proven ulcer compared to 145 age-matched persons without gastric affections. The features extraversion, neuroticism (emotional lability) and rigidity were determined and the question of an association with symptoms, age at onset of disease as well as occupational and familial factors statistically analyzed. With high significance, duodenal ulcer patients are more often emotionally labile and psychically more rigid. In the event the disease manifests under the age of 30, in ulcer patients introversion too is pronounced with highly significant frequency. Those patients complaining of conflicts with collaborators, lack of sleep, occupational overexertion, noise, draught at work place, present, compared to others without these complaints, a frequently emotional lability with high significance. PMID- 7341223 TI - Dark isomerization of retinals in the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - 1. Dark incubation of retinoids (retinyl ester, retinol, retinal, retinaloxime) in suspensions of rod outer segment membranes leads to substantial isomerization (and partial degradation) in the case of retinals only. 2. All-trans, 13-cis and 9-cis-retinal all isomerize at the delta 13 double bond leading to an equilibrium with approximately 75% trans and 25% cis isomer at this bond (all-trans in equilibrium 13-cis and 9-cis in equilibrium 9,13-dicis). 11-cis-Retinal isomerizes irreversibly to a mixture of all-trans and 13-cis-retinal. 3. The active compound appears to be phosphatidylethanolamine present in the membrane. The amino group and the phosphate, as well as the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid are essential. 4. At least three factors are important for the phosphatidylethanolamine-catalyzed isomerization as studied with the 13-cis isomer: the concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine, the concentration of Schiff base between retinal and phosphatidylethanolamine and the presence of lipid aggregates. 5. Based on these observations a mechanism is proposed, which satisfactorily explains the specificity of the isomerization pattern. 6. It is suggested that reisomerization of all-trans to 11-cis retinal in vivo takes place by fixation of all-trans retinal on an adequate surface (e.g. opsin) and a localized nucleophilic attack on the C-11 atom, followed by trapping of the isomerized chromophore by opsin. 7. It is further concluded that retinal does not occur in vivo as a free intermediate. Direct transfer from one protein to another (opsin, retinol dehydrogenase, retinal binding proteins) seems to take place. PMID- 7341224 TI - DNA replication in Physarum polycephalum. Analysis of replicating nuclear DNA using the electron microscope. AB - DNA has been isolated from Physarum polycephalum nuclei obtained from macroplasmodia at different stages in the mitotic cycle, and examined using the electron microscope. Putative replicating structures were identified, the majority of which contained clusters of 2--37 'microbubbles', each microbubble corresponding to a segment of DNA 100--5000 nucleotides long. The microbubble containing structures are unstable in the formamide hyperphase used to prepare specimens for electron microscopy, possibly due to dissociation of newly replicated nascent DNA fragments from the parental DNA template during manipulation. The microbubble clusters present in early S-phase DNA extent over segments averaging 16400 nucleotide residues, and are separated by non-replicated regions of DNA varying in length from 10000 to 50000 nucleotides. It is suggested that each microbubble cluster may represent a 'replicon', and that many 'replicons' in Physarum DNA may contain several sites for the initiation of DNA synthesis that are active during S-phase. PMID- 7341225 TI - The substrate-dependent steric course of the ethanolamine ammonia-lyase reaction. PMID- 7341226 TI - Variable rate of polypeptide chain elongation in vitro. Effect of spermidine. AB - Translation of rabbit globin mRNA and tobacco mosaic virus mRNA was studied in a wheat germ system. After a short pulse with labeled methionine, the reaction products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and visualized by fluorography. Discrete bands corresponding to incomplete products were detected both with globin and tobacco mosaic virus RNA as messenger at a time when no release of peptides from tRNA could be detected. In the absence of spermidine certain intermediate products accumulated during the chase period. With increasing incubation time, the radioactivity of most bands was chased into higher-molecular-weight products. This change in size distribution was more pronounced when magnesium was partially replaced by spermidine. Evidence is presented that some of the incomplete products had in part been released from tRNA. No such release of polypeptides could be detected in experiments using the artificial messenger poly(U), indicating that non specific peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases were not present in the system. The transient accumulation of discrete bands during the chase period indicates that in the wheat germ system polypeptide chain elongation occurs at discontinuous rates. The fact that spermidine increases the rate of elongation and the yield of full length translation products may be due to its ability to facilitate the movement of the ribosomes beyond regions where the elongation is retarded. PMID- 7341227 TI - A new semi-empirical method for the determination of the subunit molecular weight of a protein. AB - We have developed a semi-empirical method to determine the subunit molecular weight of a protein. The method is a minor modification of the Edman degradation and is based on a simple chemical procedure to modify specifically the N-terminal NH2 group. Initially, all NH2 groups, including the epsilon-NH2 groups of lysine residues and the N-terminal alpha-NH2 group, are reacted with phenylisothiocyanate and the protein derivative is subjected to one step of the Edman degradation. The newly exposed N terminus is then reacted with radioactivity labelled phenylisothiocyanate. A value for the subunit molecular weight can be obtained from an analysis of the incorporated radioactivity and the amount of the protein in the sample. The molecular weight of five different proteins have been determined by this method. Our method is particularly useful for proteins containing lipid or sugar components and also for relatively small peptides. The procedure described in this paper for the specific modification of the N terminus has been found to be a powerful tool for protein sequencing. PMID- 7341228 TI - Heme deficiency and phosphorylation of ribosome-associated proteins. PMID- 7341229 TI - Reactivity of the thiol group in human and bovine albumin at pH 3--9, as measured by exchange with 2,2'-dithiodipyridine. AB - The kinetics for exchange between an aromatic disulphide and the thiol group in human and bovine albumin as well as in glutathione were investigated in the pH range 2.5--9.8. For both albumins the rate constants exhibit a maximum near pH 3, confirming the results of Svenson and Carlsson's investigation of bovine albumin [A. Svenson and J. Carlsson (1975) Biochim. Biophys Acta, 400, 433--438]. This was related to the well known N--F conformational change of the protein. At pH 5- 8 the reactivity of the thiol group in both albumins and glutathione changes sharply, probably due to ionization of the thiol group. At pH above 8, however, the reactivity of the thiol group in albumins, but not in glutathione, becomes nearly independent of pH. In addition, a conformational change at pH 6.5--8.5 was studied by means of differential spectroscopy of bilirubin, liganded to human albumin. This neutral transition appeared to proceed identically in mercaptalbumin and nonmercaptalbumin. It is concluded that (a) the pK of the thiol group in albumin is significantly below that of SH in glutathione, and (b) ionization of this thiol group, Cys-34, is independent of the neutral transition. PMID- 7341230 TI - Structural comparisons of superoxide dismutases. AB - The amino-terminal sequences of superoxide dismutase isolated from seven microorganisms have been determined. These include the first sequences of enzyme from anaerobic phototrophes. Five enzymes contain iron and two manganese. The enzymes are all related to each other but not to the Cu/Zn family of superoxide dismutases. These sequences, taken with six others from the same family, show that there is no clear distinction in sequence between Fe and Mn types. Moreover it demonstrates a wide variation between enzymes from different bacteria. Also enzymes from anaerobes do not seem to be a particularly closely related group and are not more closely related to each other than to enzymes from aerobes. Two histidine residues are conserved in all proteins and secondary structure predictions suggest they are in close proximity in the same alpha-helix. These residues may provide ligands for the bound metal. PMID- 7341231 TI - Photoreactions of cytochromes in algal chloroplasts. AB - Light-induced cytochrome redox reactions were investigated with algal chloroplasts capable of high rates of electron transport coupled to phosphorylation. The electron-donor pool preceding photosystem I consists of membrane-bound cytochrome f-554.5 and a soluble cytochrome c-553; the latter replaces the function of plastocyanin of higher-plant chloroplasts. Both cytochromes are reduced by photosystem II and oxidized by photosystem I. A site of energy conservation precedes these c-type cytochromes. The data obtained with respect to the function of b-type cytochromes are comparable to those obtained with higher-plant chloroplasts. Cyclic electron transport is mediated by cytochrome b-563 in a photosystem-I-dependent reaction. In addition, cytochrome b 563 may be reduced by photosystem II, in accordance with recent findings with intact spinach chloroplasts. It therefore appears that cytochrome b-563 is a member of both cyclic and non-cyclic electron transport. In contrast to higher plant chloroplasts, redox reactions of cytochrome b-559 are observable without any pretreatments. Cytochrome b-559, high-potential, is reduced by photosystem II through plastoquinone. In the presence of carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone a cytochrome-b-559 oxidation by photosystem II is measured. PMID- 7341232 TI - Photoinduced protein-RNA cross-linking in mammalian 80-S ribosomes. AB - RNA-protein interactions in the 80-S rat liver ribosomes were studied by measuring cross-linking of proteins to rRNAs induced by ultraviolet radiation, as already reported for free 40-S and 60-S subunits. Our results are compatible with the model in which most of the ribosomal proteins are accessible to rRNAs in the native conformational state of the ribosomes. Subunit association in 80-S ribosomes does not seem to induce modifications in protein-RNA interactions as measured by this irradiation technique. However, two proteins, S9 and S13, appeared to be significantly less cross-linked with RNA in ribosomes than in free subunits. Ribosomes which had been frozen and thawed several times were highly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. Such treatment in the cold chiefly modified their 60-S subunit moiety. PMID- 7341233 TI - Stereochemistry of the hydrolysis of trehalose by the enzyme trehalase prepared from the flesh fly Sarcophaga barbata. AB - 1. The enzyme trehalase was prepared from whole flesh flies, Sarcophaga barbata. 2. The rate of mutorotation of glucose released by the enzyme was compared with that of alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-glucose and an equimolar mixture of the two. 3. Derivatives of the glucose released by the enzyme were prepared and analysed by gas chromatography for anomeric composition. 4. The enzyme was incubated with trehalose in a medium enriched with H218O and the glucose was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 5. It was found that an equimolar mixture of alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose is formed on hydrolysis of trehalose by trehalase and 18O is incorporated into beta-D-glucose. 6. These results indicate that there is an inversion of configuration at C-1 of trehalose on hydrolysis and that the hydrolysis proceeds by a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism. PMID- 7341234 TI - Insect immunity. Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia. AB - Three inducible bacteriolytic proteins, designated P7, P9A and P9B, from the hemolymph of immunized pupae of the giant silk moth Hyalophora cecropia have been purified using a two-step procedure with cation-exchange chromatography. Purified protein P7 has a molecular weight of 15000 and its amino acid composition shows a great similarity to that of the lysozyme from the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Moreover, heat stability, pH-rate profile and bacteriolytic specificity also indicate that protein P7 is a lysozyme. The other purified proteins, P9A and P9B, are highly potent against Escherichia coli and some other gram-negative bacteria. The amino acid compositions of proteins P9A and P9B are very similar, although the contents of glutamic acid and methionine were different. The molecular weights of these very basic proteins are around 7000. The P9 proteins are heat stable; their activities were retained after 30 min incubation at 100 degrees C. Both forms of protein P9 clearly differ from the lysozyme class of enzymes and they may represent a new type of bacteriolytic protein. PMID- 7341235 TI - Circular dichroism studies of 6-N-methylated adenylyladenosine and adenylyluridine and their parent compounds. Thermodynamics of stacking. AB - The temperature dependence of the circular dichroism spectra of two adenylyladenosine and three adenylyluridine dinucleotides in aqueous solution have been studied. The effect of methylation of the N-6 position of the adenylyl moieties on the thermodynamic parameters of the stacking equilibrium was investigated applying a two-state model for the thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data. It is shown that the methylated compounds allow a more accurate analysis of the data and that methylation stabilizes the stacking interaction by a relative decrease of the entropy of unstacking. PMID- 7341236 TI - IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). Nomenclature of unsaturated monosaccharides. Recommendations 1980. PMID- 7341237 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of steroid binding proteins with unmodified ligands. AB - Photoactivation of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones of natural and synthetic steroid molecules by light of lambda greater than or equal to 330 nm allows their covalent attachment to steroid-binding proteins. The general validity of this method is demonstrated with two steroid hormone receptors and the steroid-binding protein uteroglobin. Progesterone can be covalently attached to the partially purified progesterone receptor and to uteroglobin, and comigrates with the binding proteins upon electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Similarly the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide can be covalently bound to the partially purified glucocorticoid of rat liver. This method allows the identification of steroid hormone receptors after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Labeling with radioactive steroids is specific since it can be prevented by the addition of an excess of non-radioactive ligand. Digestion of the labeled binding proteins with trypsin or chymotrypsin yields a defined pattern of radioactive peptides, demonstrating that covalent attachment takes place at specific binding sites. PMID- 7341238 TI - Drastic changes in accumulation and synthesis of plasma-membrane proteins during aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Protein compositions of plasma membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum and their developmental changes during aggregation were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. More than 150 polypeptide species could be detected with the growth-phase cells by staining. Most of them (about 120 spots) were conserved during aggregation, although their relative intensities of staining changes. On the initiation of cell differentiation, new polypeptides were accumulated on the plasma membrane and at least 110 new polypeptides were detected at the late-aggregation stage. This accumulation of new components was completely inhibited when the growth-phase cells were incubated in a liquid medium containing 5 mM EDTA. Studies on protein synthesis suggested that the accumulation and appearance of the new protein components was due to de novo synthesis. Pulse-label experiments with [35S]methionine showed that out of 200 proteins detected during aggregation, about 90 proteins showed various stage specific patterns of synthesis and the rest were synthesized consistently. Actin and discoidin present in the plasma membrane were identified by reference to purified actin and discoidin. Actin synthesized de novo accumulated progressively on the plasma membrane during aggregation. Discoidin also accumulated on the plasma membrane, but a large amount was also recovered in a cytoplasmic soluble fraction. Discoidin I was separated into two spots with different pI values on a two-dimensional gel. PMID- 7341239 TI - Primary structure of porcine plasminogen. Isolation and characterization of CNBr fragments and their alignment within the polypeptide chain. AB - The single polypeptide chain of native plasminogen (molecular weight approx. 90000) after CNBr-cleavage and gel filtration (Sephadex G-75) yielded a high molecular weight core fraction of fragments linked by disulfide bridges and three fragments of lower molecular weight (N-terminal and C-terminal CNBr-fragments and dodecapeptide). From the reduced and S-carboxamidomethylated core fraction an additional seven fragments with molecular weights between 2000 and 38000 were obtained. The CNBr-fragments were aligned in the porcine plasminogen polypeptide chain according to sequence homologies with the known primary structure of human plasminogen. Due to the lack of two methionine residues in kringle 1 and in the N terminal part of the light chain region and to an additional methionine residue in kringle 2 the CNBr-fragment pattern differs from that of human plasminogen. Affinity chromatography of elastase-digested, native plasminogen yielded three fragments with intact lysine binding sites, originating from the heavy chain region and a non-adsorbable fragment, corresponding to human 'mini'-plasminogen. This fragment was converted to urokinase into a proteolytically active protein which served for the isolation of the porcine plasmin light chain. With the aid of the fragments produced by the CNBr and elastase cleavage approx. 350 residues were sequenced, of which about 80% showed identity with the sequence of human plasminogen. This percentage varied depending on the region of the molecule, with the highest extent of identity (80--90%) found in the analyzed kringles 2 and 4. PMID- 7341240 TI - Effects of detergent on ornithine decarboxylase from rat liver. Stabilization and renaturation. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase was purified approximately 37000-fold with a 15% yield from livers of rats pretreated with thioacetamide. The specific activity of the final preparation, 1039 units/mg protein, was about four-times higher than the highest yet reported for the rat liver enzyme. The partially purified enzyme was quite labile but the labile enzyme was dramatically stabilized by the presence of either ethylene glycol or Tween 80. The detergent appeared to serve not only stabilization of the enzyme but also renaturation of the denatured enzyme. PMID- 7341241 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of laminin by murine parietal endoderm cells. AB - The biosynthesis and processing of the polypeptides A (Mr = 450 x 10(3)), B1 (Mr = 240 x 10(3)), B2 (Mr = 230 x 10(3)) and C (Mr = 150 x 10(3)) of the extracellular matrix protein, laminin, were studied in murine parietal endoderm cells labelled with [35S]methionine. Various lines of evidence suggest that the A chains are not precursors to the smaller B chains. Firstly, the pulse-chase experiments, radioactivity in cytoplasmic A and (B1 + B2) chains declines with the same half-life of about 70 min. Secondly, peptide maps generated by digestion of A and B (B1 + B2) chains with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease are different. Finally, rabbit antibodies to isolated, denatured (B1 + B2) chains do not cross react with reduced and alkylated A chains. A, B1, B2 and C polypeptides are all glycosylated by an intracellular process involving the addition of tunicamycin and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-H-sensitive N-linked oligosaccharide side chains. Further glycosylation probably occurs around the time of secretion. Disulphide bonding of some A and B chains can be observed in the cytoplasm within 10 min of adding [35S]methionine. However, it appears that some free A and B2 chains are present in the cytoplasm and that free A chains exist in the medium. The relationship between the 150 x 10(3)-Mr C glycoprotein and the A and B components is discussed. Although B and C chains generate different peptide maps after digestion with S. aureus V8 protease, antibodies raised against isolated, denatured C chains cross-react with reduced and alkylated B (but not A) chains. This suggests that B and C chains may share some antigenic determinant(s). PMID- 7341242 TI - Hyperbolic kinetics of the electrophoretic carrier of Ca2+ uptake in liver mitochondria. AB - The use of a fast-responding Ca2+-selective electrode has allowed the simultaneous measurement of the true Ca2+-activity in the medium and of the Ca2+ transport rate, eliminating the uncertainties connected with the use of indirect methods of estimating Ca2+ transport rates (e.g. O2-stimulation, K+-efflux). The results on the kinetics of Ca2+ uptake by rat liver mitochondria obtained in this study are qualitatively similar to those obtained by Bragadin et al. [Bragadin, M., Pozzan, T. & Azzone, G. F. (1979) Biochemistry, 18, 5973--5978] by monitoring the K+-efflux from mitochondria. In the valinomycin-driven Ca2+ uptake, the Ca2+ translocase is the limiting factor, whereas in the system driven by succinate extraneous limiting factors play a role. Thus, liver mitochondria, when studied under appropriate non-limiting conditions, exhibit a hyperbolic dependence on the Ca2+ uptake rate on Ca2+-activity analogous to that of mitochondria from other tissues. The sigmoidal dependence of the uptake rate on Ca2+-activity in liver mitochondria, observed under conditions which produce hyperbolic kinetics in mitochondria from other tissues, can thus be attributed to factors which are extraneous to the Ca2+ transport system per se. PMID- 7341243 TI - Effects of formamide on the polymerization and depolymerization of muscle actin. AB - Formamide was found to interfere with the polymerization of electrophoretically pure rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin to F-actin in vitro. It decreased the rate as well as the extent of polymerization. However, this influence was dependent on the way the polymerization reaction was initiated. If polymerization of G-actin was induced by 2 mM MgCl2, formamide inhibited the rate and extent of the polymerization much less than if the polymerization was induced by either 2 mM CaCl2 or 0.1 M KCl. The critical protein concentration was increased when formamide was present. This effect was small in the presence of MgCl2 but an approximately tenfold increase in the critical value was observed for the CaCl2 induced or KCl-induced polymerization. Depolymerization of F-actin by molar amounts of formamide was faster and proceeded further when the polymer had been formed in the presence of KCl or CaCl2 than when it been formed in the presence of MgCl2. It is concluded that Mg2+ stabilizes the F-actin structure rendering it more resistant than either Ca2+ or K+ against the destabilizing action of formamide. PMID- 7341244 TI - The synthesis of Ricinus communis agglutinin, cotranslational and posttranslational modification of agglutinin polypeptides. AB - Polyadenylated RNA isolated from the endosperm tissue of maturing castor bean seeds was translated in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Rabbit antibodies raised against Ricinus communis agglutinin were used to identify nascent agglutinin chains. In contrast to the authentic agglutinin polypeptides with molecular weights of 31000 (A chains) and 37000 (glycosylated B chains), immunoreactive translational products of Mr 33500 and 59000 were observed. The inclusion of canine pancreatic microsomes in the translational system resulted in the cotranslational segregation of these immunoreactive products into the lumen of the vesicles and their modification, to molecular weights of 32000 and 66000- 69000 respectively. These cotranslational size modifications resulted from the cleavage of leader sequences and, in the case of the larger product, concomittant core glycosylation, 32000-Mr and 66000--69000-Mr proteins were also observed amongst the immunoreactive products initially formed during the labelling of intact endosperm tissue in vivo, together with 37000-Mr and 39000-Mr proteins. Pulse-chase experiments showed that 66000--69000-Mr proteins slowly disappeared while the smaller proteins were further cleaved to chains of Mr 31000 (authentic A chain), 34000 and 37000 (authentic glycosylated B chains). It was concluded that R. communis agglutinin polypeptides were synthesized in precursor form, possibly as a 'giant' precursor in the case of the B chain, on membrane-bound polysomes. Cotranslational translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane was accompanied by proteolysis to remove leader sequences and, where appropriate, core glycosylation. Even after cotranslational processing agglutinin polypeptides were still in precursor form. Processing to authentic size appeared to occur posttranslationally. PMID- 7341245 TI - Synthesis and posttranslational segregation of glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase from castor bean endosperm. AB - Total polyadenylated RNA isolated from 3-day-old germinating castor bean endosperm was translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lyase cell-free protein synthesizing system in either the presence or absence of canine pancreatic microsomal vesicles. Isocitrate lyase was immunoprecipitated from the translational products using rabbit antibodies raised against the purified glyoxysomal enzyme. Isocitrate lyase synthesized in vitro had the same apparent molecular weight as the authentic glyoxysomal enzyme irrespective of whether synthesis occurred in the presence or absence of microsomes. Furthermore, in contrast to several proteins encoded by mRNA isolated from maturing seed endosperm tissue, isocitrate lyase was not cotranslationally segregated into the lumen of the microsomal vesicles. Intact 3-day-old endosperm tissue was labelled in vivo by adding [35S]methionine and at various times the tissue was homogenized and the cellular organelles fractionated. Separated fractions were assayed for newly synthesized isocitrate lyase. Immunoreactive product was initially detected in the cytosolic fraction and subsequently began to accumulate in glyoxysomes. The results indicate that glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase is synthesized on free polysomes and released into the cytosol. Transfer to the matrix of the glyoxysome involves a posttranslational membrane translocation step which is not accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of the polypeptide chain. PMID- 7341246 TI - IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on biochemical nomenclature (JCBN). Nomenclature of branched-chain monosaccharides. Recommendations 1980. AB - The naming of acyclic forms is described, and the first part of this is the rules for choosing which is the parent chain. This leads to naming the parent monosaccharide, including the naming of the C-substituent that forms the branch. Stereochemical conventions have to be extended to specify configuration: the two substituents at one carbon on the parent chain are put in order of priority; that of higher priority is considered to replace hydroxyl and that of lower priority to replace hydrogen in assigning a name to the parent monosaccharide. Equivalent groups and terminal substitution are dealt with separately. Cyclic forms are then described. Many examples are given. PMID- 7341247 TI - Proteolytic digestion studies of chromatin core-histone structure. Identification of the limit peptides of histones H3 and H4. AB - Trypsin digestion of chromatin results in a well-defined set of limit peptides (P1--P5) derived from the four core histones. Those from histones H3 and H4 have been identified. P1 is H3 residues 27--129; P4 is H4 residues 18--102 and P5 is H4 residues 20--102. The N-terminal sequences removed correlate well with the regions that undergo post-synthetic acetylation and which show the greatest degree of sequence conservation. Autolytic digestion of chromatin releases a peptide (P1') from H3 representing residues 21--135. The implications of protease digestion for the higher order structure of chromatin are discussed. PMID- 7341248 TI - Disulphide exchange reactions in the control of enzymic activity. Evidence for the participation of dimethyl disulphide in exchanges. AB - The causative agent in kale poisoning of cattle is the disulphide, dimethyl disulphide. Typical signs of kale poisoning are circulating dimethyl disulphide in the blood, Heinz body (deposits of methaemoglobin) formation in the erythrocytes and loss of body weight. Experiments in vitro have demonstrated that dimethyl disulphide can participate in disulphide exchange reactions which have a controlling role on proteolytic enzymes. We chose the enzyme trypsin, the active centre of which is maintained by a significant disulphide bond and the enzyme papain which is a thiol protease, to illustrate the mechanisms involved in these disulphide exchange reactions. PMID- 7341249 TI - A reinvestigation of the purity, isoelectric points and some kinetic properties of the aldehyde dehydrogenases from sheep liver. AB - 1. Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase was shown to be free of contamination by the mitochondrial enzyme by isoelectric focusing. 2. Both enzymes showed multiple banding in activity stains. The cytoplasmic enzyme gave two very close bands pI = 5.22 +/- 0.03 whereas the mitochondrial enzyme showed seven bands, a pair at pI = 5.22 and five further bands of pI 5.48 +/- 0.09, 5.56 +/- 0.07, 5.65 +/- 0.06, 5.70 +/- 0.03 and 5.76 +/- 0.02. Possible origins of the isoenzymes are discussed. 3. Disulfiram in a fourfold excess reduced the activity of the cytoplasmic enzyme to 9% of the initial value. The residual activity represents the activity of the disulfiram-modified enzyme and is not due to mitochondrial contamination. This casts doubt on the role of an essential thiol group. 4. The mitochondrial enzyme shows a low amplitude (22%) burst in the production of 4 nitrophenoxide ion during the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate at pH 7.6. The burst rate constant was 7.3 +/- 1 s-1 and the steady-state rate constant was 0.2 s-1, values similar to those previously reported for the cytoplasmic enzyme. 5. The mitochondrial enzyme shows a burst in the release of protons during the oxidation of propionaldehyde at pH 7.6. The burst rate constant was 6 s-1 and the amplitude was equal to half the formal enzyme concentration. The significance of these results for the steady-state mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7341250 TI - The specific velocity plot. A graphical method for determining inhibition parameters for both linear and hyperbolic enzyme inhibitors. AB - A new method is described for plotting kinetic results for inhibited enzymatic reactions. The plot is particularly designed for the analysis of hyperbolic, mixed-type inhibitors, but can be applied to any other linear system. The method consists of plotting experimental data in a normalized way, as v0/vi versus the specific velocity sigma/(1 + sigma), where v0/vi represents the ratio of the initial velocities for the non-inhibited and inhibited reactions at a given substrate concentration [S], and sigma is the [S]/Km ratio. The procedure provides a simple way of determining the inhibition constants Ki and Ki', i.e, the dissociation constants of the EI and ESI complexes, respectively, and the velocity saturation values. PMID- 7341251 TI - Cheirolumbar dysostosis. PMID- 7341252 TI - Radiologic analysis of bone structure in congenital angiodysplasia. AB - 47 patients with congenital arteriovenous malformations (AVM) were examined by routine radiography. Magnification films were performed in 20 cases. The results demonstrate that different types of AVM can be successfully differentiated by non invasive radiologic techniques. The F.P. Weber type AVM is characterized by destruction of the regular trabecular bone architecture in the areas of the AV shunts. These alterations can be best demonstrated by the magnification technique. Destruction of trabecular and cortical bone occasionally with additional destruction of a joint are the typical signs of the Servelle-Martorell type AVM. These changes can usually be seen on routine radiographs, and in a great number of cases they are more obvious than in the F. P. Weber type AVM. In the Klippel-Trenaunay type AVM a lengthening of the involved limb is characteristic; no alterations in bone structure can be demonstrated. PMID- 7341253 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of venous thrombosis of different etiologies. AB - Typical computed tomographic signs of venous thrombosis include the demonstration of the hypodense center (20 to 45 HU) in the involved blood vessel with a hyperdense margin surrounding it. CT represents a reliable method of diagnosis complimentary to that achieved by venography. CT examination allows the visualisation of the proximal end of the thrombus and gives the etiology of the thrombus. Venous thromboses occurring for the first time demonstrate a well defined borderline around the vein with a lack of reaction in the surrounding tissue. On the other hand, recurrent venous thrombosis is characterized by an inhomogenous zone of higher density in the perivascular region. A similar image can be obtained in secondary thrombosis due to inflammatory changes from adjacent tumours. In cases of thrombosis with tumour involvement, the tumour can be demonstrated. PMID- 7341254 TI - Bilateral renal transcatheter embolization. PMID- 7341255 TI - Radiologic patterns of carcinoma of the oesophagus. AB - A retrospective analysis of the radiologic findings of 270 malignant tumours of the oesophagus is presented. The tumours were located in the upper and lower third of the oesophagus in 10%, 52.6% and 37.4% of the cases respectively. In only 28.5% of cases was the length of the tumor less than 5 cm, since all patients were symptomatic at the time of the diagnosis. The radiographic appearance of the tumours was scirrhous in 64.4%, medullary in 18.9% and polypoid in 16.7% of the cases. Radiographic findings observed after resection or radiotherapy are presented. PMID- 7341256 TI - Pathology of the adrenal glands. Common and uncommon findings in computed tomography. PMID- 7341257 TI - Radiological equipment in the operating theatre: a new concept. PMID- 7341258 TI - Dysphagia lusoria: anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery. Demonstration by computed tomography. PMID- 7341259 TI - Computed tomography in a new type of acinar cell tumour of the pancreas: the solid acinar cell tumour with cystic degeneration. PMID- 7341260 TI - Ultrasonic patterns of acquired Budd-Chiari's syndromes. PMID- 7341261 TI - Pseudo-cystic patterns after removal of hydatid cysts involving the liver. PMID- 7341262 TI - The contribution of bidimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiac tumours. Based on 25 observed cases. AB - This paper reviews 25 intracardiac tumours (12 myxomas and 13 thrombi) studied by T.M. echography, bidimensional (2-D) echography and cineangiography during a two year period. In addition, five cardiac tumours (two myxomas, three thrombi) were studied by echography alone, and correctly diagnosed. T.M. echography gives false negative results, whereas both 2-D echo and cineangiography give reliable diagnosis. However, 2-D echo should be the procedure of choice as it is non invasive, and may be used on patients with equivocal symptoms. Since bidimensional echography has become available during the past two years, 12 myxomas have been correctly diagnosed, compared to 14 found during the previous 13 years. PMID- 7341263 TI - Ultrasonic study of hepatic and splenic traumatic lesions. AB - Traumatic lesions involving the parenchyma of liver and spleen give heterogeneous echo patterns on sonograms. Associated haematomas appear as sonolucent or sonotransparent areas. Subcapsular haematomas appear as peripheral sonolucent or sonotransparent areas. High resolution sectorial real-time ultrasound demonstrates such abnormalities. When examining for splenic or hepatic lesions, associated lesions such as renal contusion, juxta-renal or retroperitoneal haematoma and haemoperitoneum are sought. Haemoperitoneum may be shown in Morrison's pouch, in the vicinity of the spleen (moon-crescent sign) and also in the sac of Douglas. None of the abnormalities is entirely specific for trauma. However, the sensitivity of ultrasound in the evaluation of trauma is sufficient to render other diagnostic procedures such as C.T. and angiography only rarely necessary. PMID- 7341265 TI - Urodynamic evaluation after radical surgery for cervical carcinoma. Preliminary results. PMID- 7341264 TI - Variations of plasma CEA levels in gynecologic malignancies: incidence, significance and changes occurring in response to therapy. AB - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunoassay were performed on 84 patients with primary gynecologic malignancies using the double antibody method. A positive correlation between the marker levels and tumor stage was found in the subjects with invasive disease: the incidence of positive values is appreciably higher in the advanced stages of malignancies. The surgical resection normalized the pretreatment elevated levels: fluctuating CEA values were observed during chemio or radiotherapy. The findings of this investigation support the theory of the limited usefulness of the CEA levels as a diagnostic test in patients with gynecologic cancer. The determination would appear to be helpful only in case with an elevated plasma values at the time of diagnosis. The CEA test seems to indicate that serial plasma assays can be of large interest in the follow-up of this women and for the second-look surgery, chemio and radiant therapy. PMID- 7341266 TI - Ovarian metastasis in breast cancer. PMID- 7341267 TI - Radiotherapy of ovarian dysgerminoma. PMID- 7341268 TI - Echography and mammography in breast neoplasias. PMID- 7341269 TI - Integrated mammillary diagnostic experience: telethermography, mammography, echography, cytology. PMID- 7341270 TI - Enlarged vulvo-colpectomy in gynaecological oncology. PMID- 7341271 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the vulva: a study of two cases. PMID- 7341272 TI - Struma ovarii: report of a case with malignant evolution and of another observed in the course of pregnancy. PMID- 7341273 TI - Special symposium on indoprofen. PMID- 7341274 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of indoprofen. AB - The pharmacokinetics of indoprofen were investigated in several studies in healthy volunteers and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In healthy subjects the drug is rapidly eliminated with a biological half-life of 2.3 h. The drug and its metabolites are almost completely excreted in urine within 24 h from administration. The absorption of indoprofen administered orally to fasting subjects as 100 mg capsules and 200 mg tablets is rapid and complete. The bioavailability of indoprofen tablets is not adversely affected by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Following administration of 600 mg of indoprofen per day for 7 days, no changes are observed in the drug plasma level profile. There are no substantial differences between healthy subjects and rheumatoid arthritis patients as regards the pharmacokinetics properties of oral indoprofen. PMID- 7341275 TI - Evaluation of the long-term efficacy and safety of indoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. AB - Thirty-seven adult out-patients of both sexes, suffering from classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) or osteoarthritis (O.A.), were given indoprofen 600 mg/day for up to 5 months, in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. A significant improvement of joint tenderness (Ritchie) and of functional index (Lee) was rapidly achieved in R.A. patients (12 cases); objective signs of inflammation, moreover, were gradually relieved. In O.A. patients (25 cases) articular pain, motility and swelling all improved in about 90% of cases. A complete set of laboratory tests reflecting blood picture, liver and kidney function, carried out at monthly intervals during the study, failed to reveal any sign of toxicity. Clinical tolerance was generally good. PMID- 7341276 TI - Kinetics of indoprofen in patients with renal insufficiency (a preliminary report). AB - Plasma and urinary indoprofen concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography in healthy subjects and two patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of about 25 ml/min. The plasma half-life of the drug was prolonged in renal insufficiency. Until further studies have been performed indoprofen should be used with care in patients with renal impairment. Tentatively, the size of the dose or interval should be adjusted in proportion to the estimated preserved GFR. PMID- 7341277 TI - Interaction of glipizide and indoprofen. AB - The possible kinetic and dynamic interactions of indoprofen and glipizide were investigated in 6 healthy volunteers, taking indoprofen 200 mg t.i.d. for 7 days and a single dose of glipizide 5 mg before and during indoprofen medication. Series of blood samples were obtained for measurements of indoprofen, glipizide and glucose concentrations in blood. In addition urine concentrations of indoprofen were determined. The concentrations of indoprofen and glipizide were examined by HPLC and that of glucose enzymatically. Results suggest that indoprofen may reduce glipizide concentrations in plasma, but this does not seem to influence the blood glucose response to glipizide. PMID- 7341278 TI - Evaluation of the activity of anti-inflammatory agents by means of skin tests (M.S.U., SK-SD): comparison with clinical results. AB - The anti-inflammatory effects of indoprofen were evaluated by skin tests with mono-sodium-urate (M.S.U.) and streptokinase-streptodornase antigen (SK-SD) in 15 patients suffering from inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies. A clear-cut correlation between the short-term response to the M.S.U. skin test and the clinical response was observed in 12 patients. PMID- 7341279 TI - The effects of erythromycin on the absorption and disposition of kinetics of theophylline. AB - The effects of erythromycin on the kinetics of theophylline were investigated in eight female patients with documented asthma in a crossover study. Theophylline pharmacokinetics were determined at steady state before and after one-week treatment with erythromycin stearate 250 mg given four times a day. Multiple serum samples were collected for 12 h after an aminophylline dose in the two drug treatment phases and assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. The resultant serum theophylline concentration-time data were analyzed by weighted, nonlinear regression analysis to obtain various pharmacokinetic parameters. In this study, the elimination half-live increased from 7.8 +/- 1.7 h on the control day to 9.5 +/- 1.4 h following treatment with antibiotic (p less than 0.02). The estimated apparent volume of distribution for theophylline (V/F) was also observed to increase from 0.42 +/- 0.09 l/kg before treatment with erythromycin to 0.53 +/- 0.15 l/kg after antibiotic treatment (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). In this study, no difference was demonstrated in the apparent clearance rate (Clapp), apparent first-order absorption rate constant (ka), maximum serum drug concentration (Cmax), time of maximum drug concentration (Tmax) or absorption lag time (tlag) for theophylline before and after treatment with erythromycin. With no apparent alteration in theophylline clearance following erythromycin coadministration, the decrease in the first-order elimination rate constant suggested that the apparent volume of distribution of theophylline is increased in the presence of erythromycin. It is concluded that patients maintained on theophylline derivatives should be closely monitored when erythromycin is coadministered. PMID- 7341280 TI - Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine. AB - Individual variation in the half-life of caffeine in the body was measured by HPLC analysis of saliva samples. The mean for adult males and non-pregnant females was 3.4 h (range 2-5 h, n = 25), and 8.3 h (range 3-16 h, n = 57) for pregnant women. After delivery, in most cases the values returned to normal within one month. The individual values could not be correlated with age, weight or consumption of coffee. Women drinking large quantities of coffee should be aware of the side effects of coffee during pregnancy, as they may occur at a lower rate of consumption than in the non-pregnant state. PMID- 7341281 TI - Bioavailability of potassium from controlled-release tablets with and without water loading. AB - The relative availability of potassium from a controlled-release multiple-units tablet (Kalinorm) and a single-unit tablet (Slow-K) were compared in 13 volunteers on a low potassium diet (less than 30 mmol), by observing changes in urinary potassium excretion after administration of a single dose of 32 mmol potassium, either with or without water loading. Irrespective of procedure, the two products had the same extent of availability. The use of water loading, and special precautions about the level of dietary potassium and its composition when studying urinary potassium excretion, are discussed. It is suggested that water loading should be avoided when investigating the rate of potassium excretion. PMID- 7341282 TI - Differential kinetics of cinromide and two of its metabolites in epileptic patients. AB - Cinromide is an experimental anticonvulsant currently in phase II testing. A single oral dose (900 mg) of cinromide was administered to 8 epileptic subjects on phenytoin therapy. Plasma samples drawn during the next 36 h were analyzed for cinromide and its amide and acid metabolites. The absorption rate of cinromide varied widely between subjects producing maximum cinromide concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 h after the dose. The median elimination half lives of cinromide and the amide and acid metabolites were 0.73, 1.65, and 4.85 h respectively. The oral clearance of cinromide (median = 135 l/h) suggests that it is subject to first pass metabolism. In all subjects the area under the curve (AUC) of acid metabolite (632 to 1777 microM/l) was greater than the AUC of amide metabolite (77 to 185 microM/l) which was greater than the AUC of cinromide (5 to 89 microM/l). Steady-state concentration ratios of metabolite to parent drug predicted from the AUC data were 3.8 for the amide and 35.8 for the acid metabolite. The amide metabolite is known to have anticonvulsant properties and, until the relative contributions of metabolites and parent drug to the efficacy of cinromide are resolved, the monitoring of metabolites as well as parent drug is imperative. PMID- 7341283 TI - Differential induction of antipyrine metabolism by rifampicin. AB - Antipyrine is oxidised to three main metabolites in man. There is evidence that the different metabolites are products of different forms of cytochrome P-450. The effect of rifampicin administration for two weeks on the rates of formation of these metabolites was investigated in healthy volunteers. Rifampicin increased antipyrine clearance and shortened its half-life. Two weeks after stopping rifampicin the induction had largely been reversed. Clearance to all three metabolites was increased by rifampicin. Clearance to 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine was increased from 7.8 +/- 0.9 ml/min to 13.3 +/- 1.3 ml/min, to norphenazone from 5.8 +/- 0.6 ml/min to 19.3 +/- 2.1 ml/min and to 4-hydroxyantipyrine from 14.3 +/- 2.2 ml/min to 21.9 +/- 3.9 ml/min. Thus clearance to norphenazone was increased to a much greater extent than to either of the other two metabolites. It is concluded that this provides evidence for the involvement of at least two different forms of cytochrome P-450 in antipyrine metabolism in man. PMID- 7341284 TI - Sotalol and metoprolol comparison of their anti-hypertensive effect. AB - 28 patients, aged 35-62 years, with uncomplicated hypertension, entered a double blind, crossover study, in which the effects of single daily doses of sotalol and metoprolol were compared. Both drugs exerted a clinically useful anti hypertensive effect as monotherapy, or in combination with a thiazide diuretic. No significant difference in hypotensive effects was noted between the two beta blocking agents, when the dose was titrated to an optimal clinical effect. Treatment with sotalol and metoprolol was associated with a clinically insignificant increase in serum uric acid concentration. The side-effects observed were few, and in only two cases was therapy discontinued. We regard both sotalol and metoprolol as useful anti-hypertensive drugs. PMID- 7341285 TI - Pharmacodynamic studies on mianserin and its interaction with clonidine. AB - There is evidence that clonidine's hypotensive effect is reduced by the concurrent administration of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed that this results from an interaction at alpha 2-receptors in the brain stem where clonidine acts as a relatively selective agonist and the tricyclic antidepressants as antagonists. Mianserin is an antidepressant with a tetracyclic structure and, although it has been reported to cause less cardiovascular disturbance, there is evidence that it also has alpha-adrenoceptor blocking effects. This study in 6 normotensive healthy male volunteers was designed to investigate a possible interaction between clonidine and the antidepressant mianserin. Administration of the first dose of 20 mg mianserin was associated with acute cardiovascular effects, notably transient postural hypotension, but no significant disturbance of heart rate or blood pressure was detected after 3 days continuous treatment with mianserin 20 mg tid. Following pre-treatment with mianserin or placebo the responses to a single oral dose of 300 micrograms clonidine were then assessed. The combination of mianserin and clonidine was not associated with any attenuation of clonidine's hypotensive effect, erect or supine, but there was significant attenuation of clonidine's supine bradycardic effect. There was no evidence that mianserin interfered with the ability of clonidine to diminish salivary flow, cause sedation, and reduce catecholamine output, but it was noted that mianserin itself had a very pronounced sedative effect. Mianserin alone had no significant effect on salivary flow. This short term study demonstrates that mianserin does not significantly interfere with the responses to a single oral dose of clonidine. PMID- 7341286 TI - Proceedings of the Joint ESACT -- IABS meeting on the use of heteroploid and other cell substrates for the production of biologicals. Heidelberg (F.R. Germany) 18-22 May, 1981. PMID- 7341287 TI - A simple method to measure the relative charge on dry and hydrated microcarrier particles. PMID- 7341288 TI - Cell and virus propagation on cylindrical cellulose based microcarriers. AB - Microgranular DEAE-cellulose anion exchanger with exchange capacities ranging between 0-2.7 meq/gr dry materials were tested for their suitability to be used as microcarriers for culturing several anchorage-dependent-cells. It was found that cells from established cell lines (BHK, MDCK), grew as confluent monolayer on DEAE-cellulose microcarriers with exchange capacity ranging between 1.00-2.0 meq/gr dry materials. Primary cells (chick embryo fibroblast) grow as a cell microcarriers aggregate on DEAE-cellulose microcarriers with an exchange capacity ranging between 1.59-2.0 meq/gr dry materials. Cells from human diploid cell strains grew poorly on these microcarriers. Cell yields obtained using the DEAE cellulose microcarriers were similar to those obtained on commercially available DEAE-dextran microcarrier culturing systems. Several viruses were propagated on cells grown in DEAE-cellulose microcarrier culturing systems. Virus yields per cell were similar to those obtained in conventional monolayer cultures. PMID- 7341289 TI - Cultivation of second and third passage cells from Cercopithecus monkey kidneys in monolayer cultures. AB - In order to further reduce the amount of monkeys used for production of inactivated poliovaccine without expensive investments, cultivation of second and third passage cells from Cercopithecus monkey kidneys in monolayer cultures has been attempted. Steep growth curves were obtained for all three passages. But the initial loss of cells in the first passage was a problem. Another one was the increased risk of contamination when higher passages of monolayer cultures were used. For practical purposes it may therefore be more favourable to use second instead of third passage cells. PMID- 7341290 TI - Uptake of amino acids and glucose by BHK 21 clone 13 suspension cells during cell growth. AB - The uptake of amino acids and glucose by BHK 21 clone 13 suspension cells grown in Modified Eagles Medium was monitored. The Growth Yields for sixteen amino acids and glucose were determined. Four "non essential" amino acids were utilised. Glutamine, glutamate, leucine and asparagine were used in greatest quantity by the cells which also utilised virtually all the cystine in the medium. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7341291 TI - Theoretical considerations and practical concerns regarding the use of continuous cell lines in the production of biologics. AB - The origin and history of continuous cell lines are discussed briefly in the context of their biological relationship to diploid and tumorigenic cells. The question of the potential tumorigenicity of continuous cell lines is examined from the points of view of the theoretical risks involved in the use of these cells for the production of biological products, and of practical approaches to risk assessment. Animal and in vitro tumorigenicity test systems are discussed, and published data on the transfer of tumorigenic properties by DNA are reviewed. Both animal and human experience with vaccines produced in tumor cells is discussed in relation to cancer risk. When the theoretical risks of using continuous cell lines as substrates to produce biological products are balanced against the available data, it would appear reasonable to proceed with the use of such cell lines for the development of biologics because the benefits of those products appear to exceed by far the potential risks associated with the use of these cell substrates. PMID- 7341292 TI - Evaluation and comparative studies of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained in the heterologous diploid and polyploid cells (HAK, BHK and VERO). AB - This study is concerned with the following characteristics of the vaccines: 1.) protecting power, 2.) rabies antigens and 3.) major polypeptide components. This study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and on concentrated and purified vaccines. Moreover, some cellular and serum contaminants, especially the proteins produced by BHK cells, as well as minor rabies proteins, were analysed in the viral solutions. Thus, it appears that all three types of vaccines have a similar protecting power (Number of 50% protective doses/micrograms viral protein). PMID- 7341295 TI - Consequences of viral genome integration in cultured cells by infection or recombinant DNA. PMID- 7341293 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic tests and affinity chromatography: a first step to antibody engineering. AB - The hybridoma technology for obtaining murine monoclonal antibodies has been developed for the production of antibodies to human gonadotrophins and viral antigens. Various aspects of the hybridomna selection strategy and the cloning to continuous and stable antibody producing cell lines are reported. This leads to production of antibodies of predefined characteristics (antibody engineering). The application of monoclonal antibodies for diagnostics and for isolation of products in industrial processes are indicated. PMID- 7341294 TI - Quantitative determination of rabies antigen by ELISA. AB - Two ELISA methods are described for quantitation of rabies envelope glycoprotein in suspensions containing liver or inactivated virus. One of these methods is currently used for "in process" control at the production of inactivated rabies vaccine in our laboratory. The results obtained with the ELISA-test have been compared with those from the classical NIH-test for a number of freeze dried vaccine preparations. Although no perfect correlation was obtained good vaccine lots could easily be distinguished from poor ones. Using the ELISA-test already at the start of the production process predictions can be made on the quality of the final product. At such the ELISA-test may be considered as an improvement in the standardization of inactivated rabies vaccine production. PMID- 7341296 TI - Standard semantics for cell cultures. PMID- 7341297 TI - Progress towards establishing a 'European Federation of Cell and Virus Collections. PMID- 7341298 TI - A critical view of cell substrates with regard to cell transformation and cancer. AB - The basic heuristic method in experimental medicine of proceeding from animals to human beings to facilitate the understanding of the etiology of a disease, is not completely relevant to viral oncogenesis in particular. The situation does not diminish scientific interest in tumor viruses because the study of these oncogens opens the way to identification of cancer genes and the understanding of their functions, expression and regulation in transformed cells. The results of these investigations are essential in comprehending animal tumor biology and from this, within limits, extrapolating to human neoplasia. However, the results of epidemiological, cellular and molecular approaches to human cancer all suggest a multiple and complex origin of this disease. In light of our current knowledge of cell transformation and cancer, the nature of permanent heteroploid cell lines is discussed in relation to their use as substrates for production of biologicals. PMID- 7341299 TI - A comparison of various laboratory scale culture configurations for microcarrier culture of animal cells. AB - When developing procedures for microcarrier culture it is important to use equipment which results in even suspension of microcarriers with minimal shear forces and which permits maximum growth of the culture. A variety of different laboratory scale culture systems were investigated including traditional magnetic spinner flasks, modified spinner flasks, cultures stirred with bulb-shaped rods and a fluid lift culture system. All systems were compared with respect to growth of either MRC-5 or Vero cells on Cytodex microcarriers. Although most of the earlier work with microcarriers has been performed with traditional magnetic spinner flasks, recently modified equipment resulted in better plating efficiencies and greater cell yields. Cultures stirred with a bulb-shaped rod and contained in flasks with contoured bases were particularly useful for cells having a low plating efficiency and provided thorough stirring of the medium with minimum shear forces. A fluid lift system based on upward perfusion of medium through a culture contained in a chromatographic column is described. This technique could provide a useful alternative for suspending microcarriers and provides for accurate in-line control of gas tensions. PMID- 7341300 TI - Serum supplements and serum-free media: applicability for microcarrier culture of animal cells. AB - Several different combinations of serum supplements and also serum-free media were examined for their ability to support the growth of MRC-5 and Vero cells on Cytodex microcarriers. Greater economy of serum was achieved for routine microcarrier culture by selecting the type of serum supplement, on the basis of whether the supplement was to support attachment and growth of cells at low densities or growth of cells at later stages in the culture cycle. Further economy was achieved by altering the serum concentration according to the requirements of each stage of the culture cycle. More consistent results were obtained when batches of serum were selected on the basis of quality control tests with microcarrier culture as well as with monolayer culture. Low serum and serum-free media were able to support the growth of cells in microcarrier cultures. A mixture of DME/Medium 199 (50/50) containing foetal calf serum (0.5%, v/v), BSA and EGF supported growth of MRC-5 and Vero cells to nearly the same extent as DME/Medium 199 containing 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum. Serum-free media was used to achieve cell yields at least one half of those attained with serum supplemented media. Maximum growth was obtained when DME/Medium 199 was supplemented with fibronectin, BSA, insulin, transferrin, putrescine, fetuin and EFG. Fetuin was omitted and replaced by dexamethasone and trace metals with only a slight reduction in cell yield. Fibronectin was essential in all serum-free media. PMID- 7341301 TI - Alternative surfaces for microcarrier culture of animal cells. AB - As part of an effort to broaden the applicability and efficiency of microcarrier cell culture various alternative new microcarriers were synthesized. The microcarriers were compared as substrates for the growth of several types of cells and with respect to binding of proteins from the culture medium. Cross linked dextran has been found to be the most suitable material for a microcarrier matrix and was used as the matrix for the new microcarriers. One type of microcarrier was synthesized so that the charges necessary for cell attachment were present only in the surface layer of the microcarrier in the form of N,N,N trimethyl-2-hydroxyaminopropyl groups. The resulting microcarriers had a very low capacity to bind proteins from the culture medium (e.g. albumin and IgG) and such proteins could be removed from the cultures more efficiently than when using previous microcarriers. A new principle was used for the development of the other type of microcarrier. A surface layer of cross-linked denatured collagen provided the surface for growth of cells. These microcarriers provided a "natural" substrate for cell growth and allowed improved attachment and spreading of cells with epithelial morphology. Harvesting cells from these microcarriers with proteolytic enzymes was more efficient than with previous microcarriers. The two alternative microcarriers should result in improved process efficiency and have a potential value in the preparation of live vaccines. PMID- 7341302 TI - [Solitary mycoses of the stomach. Incidence, endoscopic aspects and clinical significance]. PMID- 7341304 TI - [Hydronephrosis as a cause of pleural effusion]. PMID- 7341303 TI - [Standardization of blood digitalis curves with reference to blood digitalis levels in elderly subjects under various clinical conditions]. PMID- 7341305 TI - [Cefoxitin and the kidney: pharmacokinetics and therapeutic results]. PMID- 7341306 TI - [Current problems and perspectives in rhythmologic histopathology]. PMID- 7341307 TI - Ambulatory monitoring in normal children. AB - An Ambulatory ECG monitoring (AM) was carried out over a 24 hr. period on 90 healthy children divided into 3 age groups (lst week of life, 1 year of age and 5 years of age). There was a high number (about 50%) of unusable registrations because of detached electrodes, broken leads, and artifacts. The AM on children is characterised by: a) high values of the maximum frequencies (mean maximum absolute frequency 178 at birth, 164 at one year, 154 at 5 years); b) a great difference between the maximums and minimums; c) hourly variations related, above all, to feedings in the new-born babies and of a circadian type in the 5 years old children; d) almost constant marked sinus arrhythmias (80%); extremely rare extrasystolia (7.5 atrial, 2.5 ventricular) and always isolated; e) presence of upward (27%) and downward deflection (10%) of the J point sometimes accompanied by modifications of the T wave (22%). PMID- 7341308 TI - [The exercise test in children. Study of 300 normal cases]. PMID- 7341309 TI - [Aortic valve disease and coronary atherosclerosis. Clinical and coronarographic study (author's transl)]. AB - 77 patients with aortic valve disease have undergone heart catheterization in prevision of valve replacement: in this group the incidence of angina pectoris and the incidence of coronary artery disease associated with the valvular disease have been evaluated. The most important data resulting from out study are: 1) High frequency of angina pectoris both aortic stenosis and in aortic regurgitation: respectively about 60% and 50%. 2) The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis associated with aortic valve disease is much higher in aortic stenosis than in aortic regurgitation: respectively 35% versus 15%. 3) Coronary atherosclerosis associated with aortic stenosis frequently occurs (about 30%) also in young-aged patients (under 40 years). On the contrary in case of aortic regurgitation it occurs much more frequently in elderly patients. 4) The absence of angina both in aortic stenosis and in aortic regurgitation virtually excludes the presence of associated coronary atherosclerosis. 5) The presence of angina in aortic stenosis indicated either severe valvular stenosis or associated coronary artery disease (in this case the valvular stenosis is mild or moderate). The presence of angina in aortic regurgitation indicates either severe impairment of left ventricular performance or associated coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7341310 TI - [The stress systolic time intervals in the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. Study of the recovery in patients with persistent ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - The changes in systolic time intervals (STI) LVET, PEP/LVET) between rest conditions, maximal exercise and after seven minutes after upright bicycle stress test were measured in 31 consecutive subjects: 14 "control" normal subjects, and 17 subjects with ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the stress - STI in the identification of patients with positive exercise ECG and of patients with markedly positive exercise ECG that shown a late recovery persistent ischemia. The changes of STI are different in the control group and in ischemic heart disease group pts with negative exercise stress test and pts with positive or markedly positive exercise ecg. In the literature the usefulness of stress STI in the diagnosis of coronary disease is not univocally accepted. Our results indicate that STI are not a parameters that have an available correlation ith the stress myocardial ischemia even at distance of haemodynamic variations of maximal exercise and recovery and in presence of late recovery persistent ischemia. PMID- 7341311 TI - [On the genesis of the first heart sound: phono-echocardiographic study in patients with A-V block (author's transl)]. AB - A phono-echocardiographic study of acustic and morphologic events was performed in three patients with atrioventricular block in order to assess the role of the mitral valve in the changes of the amplitude of the first heart and, more generally, in the genesis of the first heart sound. Simultaneous recording of the electrocardiogram, the apical phonocardiogram and the mitral echocardiogram showed: 1) the coincidence between the C point of the echocardiogram and the onset of the earlier high frequency vibrations of the first heart sound (M1); 2) a close correlation between the intensity of the first heart sound and the position of the mitral valve at the onset of ventricular systole (P less than 0.001); 3) longer duration of the first heart sound in those beats when there was superimposition of P wave in QRS. The authors illustrate the recent reports about the genesis of the first heart sound and emphasize the main role of the mitral valve suggesting that the position of the mitral leaflets at the onset of ventricular systole influences the mechanism of acceleration and deceleration of blood and vibrations of the "cardiohemic system". PMID- 7341312 TI - [Long-term electrical stimulation of tachycardias: control by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors suggest a new method, elaborated by their own, for long-term antiarrhythmic stimulation. They used ambulatory electrocardiography in order to evaluate the results. It consists of a radio frequency device for synchronization and stimulation, and allows the scanning stimulation of all the cycle of tachycardia, with automatic search for the zone of interruption. The stimulatory is carried by the patient, who must set it in motion at the onset of the tachycardia. Preliminary results show the efficacy of the method; Holter monitoring seems to be the best guide to the development of a satisfactory implantable automatic tachycardia-terminating pacemaker. PMID- 7341313 TI - [The effects of physical training and nifedipine on patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - 10 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction with stable symptomatology, underwent 3 subsequent ergometric trials: the first, basic, the second, after one month of practice on an ergometer bicycle and the third, with a longer period of training, after acute administration of nifedipine. The purpose of the study was to establish whether the administration of a drug such as nifedipine, acting principally on the after load, could further improve the working abilities of ischemic cardiopaths, already trained for muscular work. The results demonstrated that proper training can significantly increase the duration of muscular exercise, while the acute administration of 20 mg of nifedipine was not able to improve, to a greater degree, the working ability of patients who were already trained. The result was interpreted as being due to the inability of the trained organism to further increase the peripheral oxygen-saving mechanisms. PMID- 7341314 TI - [Evaluation of calcium metabolism and pituitary gonadotropin secretion during treatment with nifedipine]. AB - The clinical use of calcium antagonist drugs in cardiology theoretically may interfere with the endocrine secretions. Actually the calcium ion appears to be primarily involved in the stimulus-secretion and excitation-contraction coupling. This paper is to evaluate the influence, in vivo, of nifedipine on calcium metabolism, FSH and LH secretions. The level of plasmatic calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and FSH, LH secretion were observed in seven patients under cronic nifedipine treatment. The plasmic level of the hormones under investigation was tested with radioimmunoassay method. Neither calcium nor hormone levels had significant variations during the 28 days control period. From our data we can infer that long term treatment with nifedipine has no influence on calcium metabolism nor on gonadotropic hormones secretions, even though such an influence has been demonstrated in "in vivo" studies. PMID- 7341315 TI - [Long-term study of the antihypertensive effect of the pindolol and clopamide combination]. PMID- 7341316 TI - [A device to select the optimal time to replace the pacemaker activated by lithium-iodine battery. Results of 8 years of experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341317 TI - [The hemodynamic effects of reproterol in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - Our study was undertaken in order to evaluate hemodynamic effects of intravenous administration of Reproterol in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). Reproterol is a monomulecolar combination of catecholamine and theophilline. Diastolic pulmonary pressure and wedge pressure decreased 20 minutes after Reproterol while total pulmonary resistances were reduced 10 minutes after drug administration; sistolic pulmonary pressure and cardiac index increased only after 10 minutes; heart rate increased until 15th minute. Reproterol, as a catecholamine-theophylline combination, has an additional site of action over and above the pure catecholamine effect owing to inhibition of phosphodiesterase; so an increase in cAMP content is achieved either by increasing the synthesis or by blocking the breakdown. Our results assess that Reproterol has a beneficial effect on pulmonary hemodynamics in COLD. PMID- 7341318 TI - [Left atrial massive thrombosis and calcification of the auricular wall as mitral valvotomy complication, Considerations on 17 cases surgically treated (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341319 TI - [Aortic coarctation in children. Experience with 28 cases]. PMID- 7341320 TI - [Chronic mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary arteriosclerotic cardiopathy. Results of surgical treatment in 16 cases]. AB - Our experience with 16 patients operated upon for chronic mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease is reported. The patients ranged from 40 to 65 years in age; all were in class III or IV of the N.Y.H.A. classification (10 in class IV), 3 were resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation and 11 had a cardiac index less than 2.2 1/min/m2. 15 patients had replacement of the mitral valve with a mechanical or biological prosthesis and 1 had mitral valve repair. 11 of the 16 patients also underwent aorocoronary bypass procedures. There were 2 deaths within the first 30 days following the operation (operative mortality 12.5%) and 6 more deaths during the follow-up period. 6 patients died of heart failure, correlated in 3 cases with extremely severe impairment of left ventricular function (wall motion abnormalities in all segments of the ventriculographic perimeter). Death was sudden in 2 cases. In the 8 surviving patients the clinical result is good. Preoperative factors affecting post operative prognosis are investigated and guidelines of the indications for the surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 7341321 TI - [Multiple coronary spasms in asymptomatic patient (author's transl)]. AB - A 46 year old asymptomatic male showed ST elevations in the inferior leads during an occasional basal electrocardiogram. During an ECG monitoring at rest a high number of transient episodes of ischemic type was noted: all were unrelated to symptoms. During the same session the ST segment changes appeared either in inferior leads or antero-lateral leads in different episodes. The coronary arteriography revealed absence of significant coronary stenosis and multivessel spasms: the episodes of ischemic ECG changes disappeared only during nifedipine therapy. After a 4 year follow up period no symptoms or coronary events occurred. PMID- 7341322 TI - An unusual case of vagal influence affecting an atrioventricular accessory pathway. PMID- 7341323 TI - [Myocardiopathy and the hepatitis virus. Discussion of a case]. AB - The AA. report of a case of myocardial involvement with acute beginning in a young sportsman aged 22. It was at first diagnosed as an ischemic cardiomyopathy of unknown origin and later recognized as being accompanied by acute hepatitis with the presence of the surface antigen of B hepatitis virus in the blood. The AA. pointed out that the myocardial involvement induced by HBV virus is likely to be more frequent than referred in literature. It should be noticed that, in relation to the present case, the cardiomyopathy is not necessary transitory. It is suggested to search for the presence of virus antigen in the blood and of anicteric hepatitis which doesn't appear clinically in cases of apparently primary myocardiopathy, which arise acutely in young subjects with no cardiovascular risk factors. All possible ways that myocardium HBV involvement is produced are examined on the basis of a revision of recent studies. PMID- 7341324 TI - [Atrial dissociation caused by complete intra-atrial block]. PMID- 7341325 TI - [Association of the Holt-Oram syndrome (digito-atrial dysplasia) and mitral prolapse in a family]. PMID- 7341326 TI - [Syncope caused by electro-mechanical dissociation in painless variant angina pectoris]. PMID- 7341327 TI - [Standardization of the terminology and diagnostic criteria of ventricular activation delays. Italian Electrocardiography Study Group]. PMID- 7341328 TI - [Distribution of angina at rest episodes during 24 hours]. PMID- 7341329 TI - [Kanendomycin in respiratory tract infection. Comparative clinical study of other aminoglycosides]. PMID- 7341330 TI - [Considerations on health in the rural Mexican environment]. PMID- 7341331 TI - [Functional reserves and homeostasis in the elderly]. PMID- 7341332 TI - [Giant hyperplasia of the lymph nodes]. PMID- 7341333 TI - Dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and its relation to the precancerous state. AB - In an Expert Committee of the WHO, dysplastic changes of the stomach were defined as those having the following three histological features: (i) cellular atypia, (ii) abnormal differentiation and (iii) disorganized mucosal architecture. The changes were classified into three grades--mild, moderate and severe. This paper describes and illustrates each grade of dysplasia and discusses in detail the histological differences between severe dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. From the viewpoint of development of gastric cancer, severe dysplasia can be considered as one of the precursors. The clinical implications of dysplastic changes found in biopsied specimens are discussed. PMID- 7341334 TI - Elevated cytostatic activity of monocytes from cancer patients. AB - Cytostatic activity of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with head and neck cancer, gastro-intestinal cancer, uterine cervical cancer, benign tumors of the head and neck, inflammatory diseases and pulmonary tuberculosis was studied by using a cultured lymphoid cell line as the target cell. Significantly higher cytostatic activities were observed at an effector-target cell ratio of 5:1 in these patients (except for pulmonary tuberculosis patients) than in healthy controls. The cytostatic activity of the monocytes from gastric cancer patients was more elevated in advanced stages than in stage 1. The cytostatic activity of culture supernatants of monocytes from cancer patients did not differ from that of healthy controls. The activity of the monocytes following radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer was depressed. The significance of elevated cytostatic activity of monocytes in cancer patients is discussed. PMID- 7341335 TI - Serum inhibitory factor for guinea pig macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis found in cancer patients. AB - The effect of sera from 107 patients with gastrointestinal cancer on macrophage chemotaxis was studied using a modified Boyden chamber technique. A macrophage chemotactic inhibitory factor (CIF) was found in sera of advanced cancer patients. The CIF activity was significantly stage-related, and increased especially in patients with negative cutaneous responsiveness in purified protein derivative, dinitrochlorobenzene and keyhole limpet hemocyanin skin tests, and with low circulating T-lymphocyte levels. In addition, the CIF was found to suppress neutrophil as well as macrophage chemotaxis. suppress neutrophil as well as macrophage chemotaxis. The mode of action and the characteristics of the CIF were investigated, and the following results were obtained. (1) The CIF directly interacted with macrophages and neutrophils and suppressed their chemotactic activities without apparent cytotoxic effect on these cells. (2) On Pevikon block electrophoresis, the CIF activity was most prominent in the alpha-globulin region, although considerable heterogeneity and broadness of the CIF bands were observed. (3) Dialysis and lyophilization had no effects on the CIF activity. On heating at 56 degree for 30 min, the CIF activity seemed to be decreased. This study indicates that CIF in cancer patients may be detrimental to the host immune defense against tumor growth by producing defects of macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. PMID- 7341336 TI - Antiproliferative activity of protocatechualdehyde on Chinese hamster cells grown in culture. AB - The mode of cytotoxic action of protocatechualdehyde on V79 cells was examined. The cytotoxicity of protocatechualdehyde on V79 cells was time- and cell cycle dependent. The lethal action is selective for the cells at S phase only. The cells lethally damaged at S phase seemed to complete their DNA synthesis, although the rate of DNA synthesis became lower and the duration of S phase was prolonged. Some cells arriving at G2 phase directly entered the next S phase without cell division and died of karyorrhexis or karyolysis. Cells treated at stages of the cell cycle other than S showed normal progression of their cell cycle to the G1/S boundary. The block point of the cell cycle seemed to lie a little behind that with hydroxyurea. When the cells at phases other than S were blocked with protocatechualdehyde for 14 hr, elongation of the next S phase occurred after removal of protocatechualdehyde. On alkaline sucrose gradient analysis, little scission of parental DNA was observed in the cells treated with protocatechualdehyde. PMID- 7341337 TI - Early changes of dog esophageal mucosa induced by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - Early changes in the esophageal mucosa of dogs induced by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) were studied. Seven one-year-old beagle dogs were given a solution of 250 micrograms ENNG/ml to drink ad libitum for 4 months. Three different kinds of lesions (10 erosive carcinomas, 4 slightly elevated microcarcinomas and 19 leukoplakias) were recognized. These three kinds of lesions were not located adjacent to one another, and were surrounded by almost normal stratified squamous epithelium. The foci of the carcinomas revealed an abrupt transition to normal epithelium and were considered to have arisen abruptly from normal esophageal epithelium. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus in dogs may differ from that in man. PMID- 7341338 TI - Tumors of the anal region induced in mice painted with methylazoxymethanol acetate. AB - The carcinogenicity of methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM acetate) was examined in 91 BALB/c mice by painting it on the anal region. Carcinomas and adenomas of the perianal sebaceous gland were induced in 23 of 24 male (96%) and 16 of 30 female (53%) mice and keratoacanthoma developed in one of 24 male mice within 30 weeks after treatment with MAM acetate. Vascular tumors of the liver and fat issue of the abdominal cavity also developed in 16 of 24 male (67%) and 3 of 30 female (10%) mice treated with this drug. Microscopic adenocarcinomas were found in the rectal mucosa of 3 of 24 male mice adjacent to the anorectal junction. The sex difference in the incidence of tumors is briefly discussed. PMID- 7341339 TI - Selection and characterization of pulmonary colonizing cells from cultured mouse mammary carcinoma cells. AB - Pulmonary colonizing cells were selected by an in vivo-in vitro selection method from cultured mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells. When 10(6) parent cells (P-O) were injected iv into syngeneic C3H/He mice, no tumor nodules were reduced. However, when the selected variant cells (P-15) were injected iv, tumor nodules formed predominantly in the lungs within 2 weeks. Mice inoculated iv with 10(6) P 15 cells began to die on day 22, but mice inoculated with P-O cells survived for more than 6 months. When injected sc into C3H/He mice, P-O cells were as tumorigenic as P-15 cells to the syngeneic mice. There was no significant difference between P-O and P-15 cells in their proliferation in vitro or in the inducibility of alkaline phosphatase activity. During successive selection of colonizing variants, the proportion of adherent cells increased. Adherent P-15 cells had a higher colonizing potential than nonadherent P-15 cells. The correlation of the adhesive property of the cells and their colonizing potential is discussed. PMID- 7341340 TI - Metabolic fate of asymmetric N,N-dialkylnitrosamines having butyl group in the rat. AB - The metabolic fate of N-alkyl-N-butylnitrosamines (alkyl=ethyl, propyl, and pentyl), which induce tumors in the liver and esophagus but do not induce bladder tumors, was investigated in the rat, in order to elucidate any possible correlation between metabolism and the noncarcinogenicity to the urinary bladder of these N-nitrosamines. They were extensively metabolized in the rat, no unchanged compounds being found in the urine. The metabolic pattern of these N nitrosamines having a butyl chain was essentially similar to that of N,N-dibutyl nitrosamine, which induces tumors in the bladder as well as in the liver and esophagus. They were mainly metabolized via omega-oxidation followed by beta oxidation and/or (omega-1)-oxidation of either of the two alkyl chains. Thus the N-alkyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine and/or the N-alkyl-N-(2 carboxyethyl)nitrosamine were identified as the principal urinary metabolites. Possible important factors concerned with the induction of bladder tumors by N,N dialkylnitrosamines are discussed from the metabolic point of view. PMID- 7341341 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by 4-aminoazobenzene, N-hydroxy-4 aminoazobenzene, and their derivatives in primary cultures of rat and mouse hepatocytes. AB - The ability of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic aminoazo dyes to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary cultures of hepatocytes of 3 strains of rats and 2 strains of mice was examined by means of microautoradiography. Azo dyes tested were 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB) and 4 of its ring methoxyl (MeO) derivatives, their N-hydroxy (N-OH) derivatives, N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) and its N-bezoyloxy derivative, and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (DAB). All carcinogenic aminoazo dyes (AAB, 3-MeO-AAB, 4'-MeO-AAB, MAB and DAB), but not the non-carcinogenic dyes (2-MeO-AAB and 2,5-diMeO-AAB), induced UDS in rat hepatocytes as well as mouse hepatocytes. N-Hydroxy derivatives of AAB and its 3- and 4'-MeO derivatives elicited higher levels of UDS than did the corresponding mother aminoazo dyes. N-OH-2-MeO-AAB was as inactive with rat hepatocytes as the mother dye. N-OH-2,5-diMeO-AAB, however, elicited a definite level of UDS, in contrast to the mother 2,5-diMeO-AAB. N-Benzoyloxy-MAB, a prototype compound of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of MAB, was as active as the mother MAB. N, OH-3-MeO-AAB induced UDS more rapidly than did 3-MeO-AAB. The UDS elicited by 3 MeO-AAB was found to end within a few hours after releasing the hepatocytes from the azo dye. PMID- 7341342 TI - Inhibition of growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse skin tumor by protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate. AB - 3-Methylcholanthrene-induced tumor was challenged with a low molecular synthetic protease inhibitor, [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate] methanesulfate. This drug at a dosage of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was administered by ip injection to 20 mice each harboring a solitary tumor twice daily for 10 weeks. This protease inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice (P less than 0.001). The results suggest the involvement of kinin-forming proteases, such as trypsin, plasmin and kallikrein, in the tumor growth. PMID- 7341343 TI - Effect of bolandiol dipropionate (anabiol), an anabolic hormone, on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rat. AB - The effect of bolandiol dipropionate (Anabiol), an anabolic steroid hormone, on hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in rats. Anabiol was injected at a dose of 5 mg into the thigh muscle at intervals of 2 weeks, simultaneously with or subsequently to the 4-week administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). The average number of tumors larger than 3 mm in diameter per rat in the subsequently treated group at 25 weeks after commencement of DEN was significantly increased and the number of tumors larger than 5 mm in diameter per rat in the simultaneously treated group was significantly increased, when compared with that in the group given DEN alone. Thus, the enhancing effect of Anabiol on hepatocarcinogenesis was evident in terms of tumor size, regardless of whether the hormone was given simultaneously with or subsequently to the carcinogen. PMID- 7341344 TI - Suppressive effect of aluminium chloride administration on mouse lung carcinogenesis by dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Dimethylnitrosamine was administered to mice by ip injection once a week for 3 weeks and a high incidence of lung tumor was found 6 approximately 8 months after the final injection. In experiment I, the incidence of mice with lung tumors was 74% and the average number of nodules per mouse was 15.6 within 6.0 months after the final injection of dimethylnitrosamine. In mice given aluminium pretreatment, these values decreased to 65% and 6.7 (P less than 0.05), respectively. In experiment II, the incidence of mice with lung tumors was 100% and the average number of nodules per mouse was 8.7 within 7.5 months after the final injection of dimethylnitrosamine. In mice given aluminium pretreatment, these values decreased to 79% and 4.6 (P less than 0.05), respectively. PMID- 7341345 TI - [Heavy metal pattern in the liver of Wistar rats in experimental chronic cadmium poisoning]. AB - Male young and adult Wistar-rats were used to investigate the heavy metal pattern of the liver after application of CdCl2 (dosage: 50 ppm or 150 ppm) solved in the drinking-water. The duration of the experiment was 1, 3, 6, or 12 month. Under these conditions, an increasing accumulation of heavy metal storages in the liver was obtained. The most conspicuous structure of the normal heavy metal pattern is a fine network of heavy metal storages accompanying the bile capillaries. The stellate cells (Kupffer) react positive too. Under cadmium poisoning mainly quantitative changes of this ground pattern was obtained. Additional small little storages may be scattered in the nuclei and in other regions of the liver cells. There are storages in the epithelium of small bile ducts and in the inner and the middle layer of blood vessels too. The increase of storages was medium in the first 3 month of the experiment. Fast storages were obtained after 6 and 12 month. PMID- 7341346 TI - [Structure and principles of organization of the vascular system in bony fishes]. AB - Corrosion casts have shown that the systemic vasculature of various bony fishes displays 2 types of branching in all arteries, except those of the CNS and of the intestines: 1. the usual dichotome branching. 2. numerous narrow shunt vessels departing continuously from the primary arteries to feed a secondary arterial system which parallels the primary one. The secondary arteries receive their blood exclusively via the interarterial shunt vessels. They also branch in a dichotome manner towards their peripheral capillary bed. All secondary arteries are connected by 1 or 2 vessels accompanying the dorsal aorta. In the lumen of the primary arteries, the origins of the interarterial shunt vessels are bordered by microvilli-bearing a endothelial cells. These are expected to be involved in the regulation of blood flow to the secondary blood vessel system. The organization of the circulatory system of fishes is reviewed in the light of these facts. PMID- 7341347 TI - [Mechanical function of the liver capsule]. AB - Histomechanical experiments were performed on human and bovine liver capsules. On strain processes, the mechanical resistance force increases slowly at the beginning, and then with a continuous change rapidly. The relaxation processes approximate to a constant form at equal stains with interponed isometrical phases. This indicates that the tissue has a trend towards a viscoelastic equilibrium (balance behaviour, steady state). In further experiments the following histomechanical properties could be demonstrated: Upper and lower summit decrease at dynamical (cyclic) relaxation, and cascade dynamical (cyclic) force recovery with stepwise reduced force amplitudes. PMID- 7341348 TI - [Ligament systems of talocrural and intertarsal joints in man]. PMID- 7341349 TI - [Histocytological and morphometric studies on the epiphysis cerebri of male Wistar rats following lead poisoning and experimental hypothyroidism]. AB - In a chronic experiment, male white Wistar-rats are treated with methylthriouracil and lead acetate alone and in combination. Additionally the animals of 2 groups are thyroidectomised. The pineal glands are investigated gravimetrically, histologic-cytologically, and caryometrically. The rank correlation analysis of the gravimetrical and caryometrical results proves the significance. The results show a decrease pineal activity following as well methylthiouracil application as thyroidectomy. The strongest decrease of the activity in the combination group thyroidectomy plus lead acetate is obtained. Changes in the pineal glands are not obtained neither after lead acetate application alone nor in combination with methylthiouracil. The results allow to draw the following conclusion: Lead acetate reduced the effect of methylthiouracil, in our opinion a hypothetic methylthiouracil-lead-compound is built. This interpretation is supported by the persistent effect of thyroidectomy whenever lead acetate is combined with thyroidectomy. These results and the results of the suprarenal cortex (Peschke et al. 1981) show clearly, that there is an interference between the methylthiouracil and lead acetate. Under these experimental conditions, one can speak of an ineffectual methylthiouracil-lead compound. PMID- 7341350 TI - [Postnatal development of the orbital fissure]. PMID- 7341351 TI - The effect of experimental hypothyrosis on the fine structure of the epiphyseal cartilage of young rats. AB - Authors studied the effect of hypothyrosis induced by thyro-parathyroidectomy and mercaptoimidazole treatment on the fine structure of the proximal epiphyseal cartilage of tibia in growing male rats. It has been established that the cell density of the epiphyseal cartilage decreases in the experimental hypothyrosis, about 30 to 50% of the chondrocytes display degenerative signs, whereas the Golgisystem seems to be well developed. The most characteristic alteration appear in the zones of proliferation and maturation of the epiphyseal cartilage. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria show a considerable regression also in the chondrocytes displaying minimal or even no signs of degeneration. Elements indicating calcification were encountered more frequently in the cartilaginous matrix of the zones of maturation and calcification under the effect of mercaptoimidazole treatment as compared to the controls, whereas the matrix of the animals operated was poorer in minerals than the corresponding zones of the controls. This difference is attributed by the authors to the different levels of thyrocalcitonin in the two kinds of experiments. PMID- 7341352 TI - [Morphological studies on the adrenal cortex of Wistar rats following lead poisoning and experimental hypothyroidism]. AB - In a chronic experiment, male Wistar-rats were treated alone and in combination with methylthiouracil and lead acetate. Additionally, the animals of 2 groups were thyroidectomised. The suprarenal organs were investigated gravimetrically. Histologic-cytological and caryometrical investigations were made on the suprarenal cortex. After lead acetate application in the cortex, strong histologic-cytological alterations were obtained. There are marked damages especially in the zona fasciculata; a great number of pycnotic nuclei, a small subcapsular blastem, and a spreading out of the zona reticularis are observed. The size of nuclei is significantly diminished. These results indicated a regressive transformation and a toxic effect is discussed. After application of methylthiouracil or thyroidectomy, a regression transformation is found too. Cellular degenerations in all zones of the cortex are rarely or not obtained. As well methylthiourail as thyroidectomy diminish the weights of suprarenal organs high significantly. These results are not found after combined application of methylthiouracil and lead acetate. Methylthiouracil reduced the effect of lead acetate. The results allow to draw the following conclusion: In our opinion, a hypothetic methylthiouracil-lead-compound is built. This interpretation is supported by the persistent effect of lead acetate whenever lead acetate is combined with thyroidectomy. PMID- 7341353 TI - Genetic linkage between the AH locus and a major gene that inhibits susceptibility to audiogenic seizures in mice. AB - Mice of the DBA/2 (D2) strain are highly susceptible to sound-induced seizures at 21 days of age; whereas, mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) strain are resistant to these seizures. Although the difference in susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (ASs) between these two strains is inherited as a multiple-factor trait, an association was observed between susceptibility to ASs and the Ah locus. The Ah locus controls the inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity by a number of aromatic hydrocarbons. B6 mice carry the Ahb allele and have inducible AHH activity; whereas, D2 mice carry the Ahd allele and have noninducible activity. Inducibility is inherited as a Mendelian dominant trait in crosses between these strains. Mice carrying the Ahb allele are generally less susceptible to ASs sat 21 days of age than are mice carrying the Ahd allele. The combined results from B6 X D2 recombinant inbred strains, congenic strains (where the Ahb allele was placed into the D2 genome and the Ahd allele placed into the B6 genome), the B6D2F1 X D2 backcross generation, and a random survey of various inbred strains, suggest that the association between these two traits is due to genetic linkage, rather than to pleiotrophy or to chance. A major gene that inhibits susceptibility to ASs appears to be closely linked to the Ah locus. This gene has been designated Ias, for inhibition of ASs. A large portion of the genetic variability of AS susceptibility may be due to the segregation of Ias. PMID- 7341354 TI - Evidence that two loci predominantly determine the difference in susceptibility to the high pressure neurologic syndrome type I seizure in mice. AB - Most mammals tested, when exposed to increasing pressure in helium/oxygen atmospheres, exhibit progressive motor disturbances culminating in two, usually successive, well-differentiated convulsive seizures. The seizures are highly reproducible components of the constellation of events that collectively constitute the High Pressure Neurologic Syndrome (HPNS). In the present study, we present evidence that the mean difference in seizure threshold pressures of the first seizure to occur (HPNS Type I) between inbred mouse strains DBA/2J and C57BL/6J is predominantly determined (greater than 60%) by the expression of a major locus-possibly linked to the H-2 locus on chromosome 17- and a minor locus, probably unlinked. This outcome is derived from applications of the maximum likelihood modeling procedure of ELSTON and STEWART (1973) and STEWART and ELSTON (1973) to eleven models of genetic determinacy and tests (including breeding tests) of "preferred" models so derived using BXD recombinant inbred strains that show the following: The major locus exhibits conditional dominance characteristics depending upon compression rate and minor locus genotype. At a constant mean compression rate of 100 atm hr-1, the major locus manifests strong, though incomplete, dominance apparently independent of minor locus genotype. Its expression is, however, highly sensitive to compression rate, losing its dominance altogether at a linear rate of 1,000 atm hr-1. The major locus interacts with the weakly dominant and relatively compression-rate-insensitive minor locus to retain dominance at fast compression only when the dominant alleles of both loci are present. A principal finding of this study is that employing two compression rates permits fuller genetic characterization of murine high-pressure seizure susceptibility differences than could be achieved by use of a single compression rate. PMID- 7341355 TI - [High frequency ventilation in acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 7341356 TI - [Resection of first rib by transaxillary approach to thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7341357 TI - [Bisalbuminemia induced by large doses of penicillins]. PMID- 7341358 TI - [Swallowing disturbances in Werdning-Hoffman disease]. PMID- 7341359 TI - [Slow infusion of diazoxide for hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 7341360 TI - [Methods of maintaining access to veins for infusion]. PMID- 7341361 TI - [Posterior uveitis in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7341362 TI - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome with extreme hyperuricemia]. PMID- 7341364 TI - [The missing dimension in the physicians' oath]. PMID- 7341363 TI - [Electrophysiological diagnosis of paroxysmal atrio-ventricular block]. PMID- 7341365 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7341366 TI - [Procoagulant (thromboplastin) activity in leukocytes]. PMID- 7341367 TI - [Is there a connection between viral infections and the appearance of duodenal ulcers?]. PMID- 7341368 TI - [Sustained release theophylline therapy]. PMID- 7341369 TI - [Electrophysiological studies in the surgical treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias]. PMID- 7341370 TI - [Renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 7341371 TI - [Ovarian dysgerminoma in young women and in pregnancy]. PMID- 7341372 TI - [Emotional reactions and psychological preparation of patients before gastroscopy]. PMID- 7341373 TI - [Eye injuries and their prevention]. PMID- 7341374 TI - [Pancreatic abscess]. PMID- 7341375 TI - [Evaluation of the extent of ulcerative colitis by colonoscopy]. PMID- 7341376 TI - [Closure of bronchopleural fistulas with chest wall muscle flaps]. PMID- 7341377 TI - [Acute hepatocellular damage due to paracetamol]. PMID- 7341378 TI - [Malignant hypertension after encephalopoliomyelitis]. PMID- 7341379 TI - [Parotitis due to oxyphenylbutazone therapy]. PMID- 7341380 TI - [The mechanism of response of the activated macrophage]. PMID- 7341381 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction--a critical review]. PMID- 7341382 TI - [Malnutrition and immunity]. PMID- 7341384 TI - [Human viruses in water]. PMID- 7341383 TI - [Assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa using the zona free hamster ova penetration test]. PMID- 7341385 TI - Congenital talipes equinovarus. PMID- 7341386 TI - Surgical correction of resistant talipes equinovarus: observations and analysis - preliminary report. AB - The preliminary results of a comprehensive talipes equinovarus release on 16 patients with 20 idiopathic clubfoot deformities were analyzed with an 18-month follow-up. Our conclusions were that each component of the clubfoot can be managed in a single stage operative procedure without any significant risk to the patient; bilateral surgery could be done at the same sitting; and dorsiflexion was difficult to achieve because of the anatomical deformity of the talus and resistant anterior capsule. Fixation after comprehensive release with Kirschner wires is important in maintaining the reduction, and no patient had a return of the deformity after satisfactory correction at the time of surgery. The complications were excessive hindfoot valgus, loss of the longitudinal arch by excessive midfoot release and casts, and forefoot valgus from complete transfer of the anterior tibial. PMID- 7341387 TI - Ankle arthroscopy: technique and indications. PMID- 7341388 TI - The role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ankle. PMID- 7341389 TI - The intermetatarsal nerve: a microscopic evaluation. AB - Microscopic evaluation of the interdigital neuroma is difficult because the appearance of the normal nerve has not been described precisely. In an effort to characterize the normal interdigital nerve, 104 nerves were removed at autopsy from the intermetatarsal spaces of 14 women who were more than 48 years old. A positive relationship between perineurial width and internal diameter of the nerve fascicle in web spaces 2, 3, and 4 was defined. In addition, the number and the diameter of blood vessels had a positive correlation in all web spaces. These measurements should be of help in the objective differentiation of the common interdigital neuroma from the normal interdigital nerve. PMID- 7341390 TI - Lisfranc's fracture-dislocation with intercuneiform dislocation: presentation of two cases an a plan for treatment. AB - The following guidelines in the initial treatment of Lisfranc's fracture dislocation with intercuneiform disruption are supported by a review of the literature and exemplified by our case presentations. The goal of initial treatment is anatomical reduction which is accomplished in the following sequence. 1) The foot must be brought to length by longitudinal traction. 2) The position of the second cuneiform as the keystone of the transverse arch of the foot must be established. 3) The second metatarsal is then restored as the tendon of the Lisfranc's joint within the mortise of cuneiforms. 4) Fixation of the fifth metatarsal is performed if it is unstable. PMID- 7341391 TI - Calcaneal fractures: a good prognosis. AB - Calcaneal fractures at Grady Memorial Hospital were reviewed for the period of 1973 to 1980. Sixty-two of these fractures were available for follow-up. Treatment was with compression dressings, plaster, pin reduction or open reduction. Grading was by the previously published criteria of Allen and Lindsey. This paper identifies a positive correlation between facet reduction ad successful treatment results. Recommendations are made for fracture classification, surgical treatment and postoperative management. PMID- 7341392 TI - Problems encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoid osteoma of the talus. PMID- 7341393 TI - [Study on relationship between effects of BCG on tumor growth and hosts' immune responses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341394 TI - [The mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice--different susceptibility of various immune responses to immunosuppression and macrophage series as targets for immunosuppression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341395 TI - Stress testing in asymptomatic subjects with important coronary risk factors. PMID- 7341396 TI - M-mode pulmonic valve echogram in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to valvular heart disease. PMID- 7341397 TI - Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (SCPK) in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7341398 TI - Clinical profile of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a study of 2,500 cases. PMID- 7341399 TI - Serum lipids and smoking habit in first degree relatives of patients of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7341400 TI - Surgical treatment of anomalies associated with corrected transposition of great arteries. PMID- 7341401 TI - Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community in Nepal. PMID- 7341402 TI - Angiocardiography in constrictive pericarditis: a study in fifty patients. PMID- 7341403 TI - Calcified aneurysm of the coronary artery: a case report. PMID- 7341404 TI - Severe tricuspid incompetence secondary to florid syphilitic aortic regurgitation -successful surgical management. PMID- 7341405 TI - Ventricular tachyarrhythmia: complication of atropine therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7341406 TI - Conformational studies on 3'-nucleotides: significance of the flexibility of nucleotides. PMID- 7341407 TI - Non-Newtonian viscosity of protein-stabilised emulsion. PMID- 7341408 TI - Buffalo immunoglobulin G--effect of lyotropic salts on its solubility. PMID- 7341409 TI - Dynamics of precipitin reaction: effect of the cholesterol & surface density of ganglioside, GM1, on the rate of reaction between lectin from Ricinus communis & liposome containing GM1. PMID- 7341410 TI - Conformational transitions in serum HDL apoproteins of hyperlipidaemic rabbits. PMID- 7341411 TI - Analysis of bovidae genomes: part III--Organization of repeated & non-repeated DNA sequences in buffalo. PMID- 7341413 TI - A biochemical preparation of trans-[14C]cinnamic acid. PMID- 7341414 TI - Inhibitory effect of 5-thio-D-glucose on glucose uptake, oxidation & glucose incorporation into glycogen by rat diaphragm in vitro. PMID- 7341415 TI - Positron annihilation in enzymes. PMID- 7341412 TI - Separation, purification, comparative properties & subcellular localization of acid & neutral alpha-D-mannosidase of monkey brain. PMID- 7341416 TI - Glutathione & Ascorbic acid contents in developing rat brain during undernutrition. PMID- 7341417 TI - Role of aliphatic alcohols & alkyl ureas on the stability & aggregation of skin collagen of Ophiocephalus striatus. PMID- 7341418 TI - Effects of oral administration of Eugenia jambolana seeds & chloropropamide on blood glucose level & pancreatic cathepsin B in rat. PMID- 7341419 TI - Effect of matrix on responsiveness of cartilage cells to normal human serum. PMID- 7341420 TI - Distribution of retinol & dehydroretinol in freshwater fish. PMID- 7341421 TI - Correlation of cytology with histopathology and cystoscopy in urinary bladder tumours. PMID- 7341422 TI - Carotid body tumour-a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases. PMID- 7341423 TI - Frequency of carcinoma of penis with special reference to North India. PMID- 7341424 TI - Ehrlich test for the diagnosis of carcinoma of the mucosa of the ethmoid in cattle. PMID- 7341425 TI - Glycosaminoglycan composition of human oral cancer tissue. PMID- 7341426 TI - II-Evaluation of the prognostic value of the plasma lysozyme levels in leukaemia patients during therapy. PMID- 7341427 TI - Altered surface characteristics of lymphocytes from patients having oral carcinoma. PMID- 7341428 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in carcinoma of various organs. PMID- 7341429 TI - Bone metastases from head and neck cancers. PMID- 7341430 TI - Intrapleural instillation of radioactive chromic phosphate in malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 7341431 TI - New concepts in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7341432 TI - Epitheloid leiomyosarcoma ("leiomyoblastoma") of mesentery--a case report. PMID- 7341433 TI - Clinical and prognostic significance of precordial Q wave mapping in anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7341434 TI - Clinical profile of sarcoidosis in Eastern India. PMID- 7341435 TI - The changing role or surgery for pulmonary metastasis. PMID- 7341436 TI - Maternal total nephrectomy and perinate lungs. PMID- 7341437 TI - An aid to the isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory secretions. PMID- 7341438 TI - Rib tip syndrome. PMID- 7341439 TI - Scimitar syndrome. PMID- 7341440 TI - Congenital pericardial defect with persistent left superior vena cava associated with tetralogy of fallot. PMID- 7341441 TI - Aberrant right subclavian artery causing dysphagia. PMID- 7341442 TI - Pulmonary and mediastinal hydatid disease. PMID- 7341443 TI - Isolation of salmonellae from hospital food and vermin. PMID- 7341444 TI - Absorption and transport of radioactive 57cobalt vitamin B12 in experimental giardiasis in rats. PMID- 7341445 TI - Dietary intakes of urban and rural pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant, non lactating vegetarian women of Varanasi. PMID- 7341446 TI - ABO blood group incompatibility differentials in reproductive performance with respect to maternal age and parity among Dawoodi Bohras of Udaipur, Rajasthan. PMID- 7341447 TI - Fluctuation of immunoglobulin levels in cervical mucus during the various phases of female reproductive life and its alteration in uterine disorders. PMID- 7341448 TI - Application of physiological parameters for evolving optimum work-rest rhythm in actual place of work. PMID- 7341449 TI - Occurrence of immunoglobulins in organic matrices of some urinary calculi. PMID- 7341450 TI - Percutaneous hepatovenography in the diagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome. PMID- 7341451 TI - Lipid profile of human hearts from Bengalee population. PMID- 7341452 TI - Effects of administration of haloperidol with lithium in rabbits. PMID- 7341453 TI - Influence of single ECT on dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in CSF of schizophrenics. PMID- 7341454 TI - Chemotherapeutic efficacy of some agents against experimental toxoplasmosis in mice. PMID- 7341455 TI - Drug utilisation study of antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7341456 TI - Hearing acuity in weavers of a textile mill. PMID- 7341457 TI - Variation of blood viscosity and hematological parameters in renal failure patients. PMID- 7341459 TI - Migraine--a type of headache. PMID- 7341458 TI - Acrocephalo-syndactyl (Apert's syndrome) - a case report. PMID- 7341460 TI - Failure of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) to reduce experimental myocardial ischaemic damage. AB - Rats fed on acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 1.5 mg/100 g body weight for a period of three weeks were subjected to myocardial infarction by s.c. administration isoprenaline hydrochloride 8.5 mg/100 g of body weight on two consecutive days. Heart specimens were taken for histological examination at 24 hr, on 5th day and 12th day. An equal number of rats were given saline to serve as control. As compared to controls aspirin-treated rats were found to have macroscopically bigger infarcts and microscopically showed persistent oedema on the 12th day. Further, no histological evidence of favourable action of aspirin was seen on the fifth day and after twenty-four hr. PMID- 7341461 TI - Physiological responses during work in hot humid environments. AB - Studies have been conducted on 6 young healthy Indians in simulated comfortable, hot humid and very hot humid conditions to evaluate the physiological reactions during work. Physiological responses like exercise oxygen consumption (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) were noted during sub-maximal fixed work rates of 400, 500 and 600 kgM/min. In addition, duration of continuous work at these three rates of work, in the three simulated environments was also noted. Physiological responses i.e. VO2, VE and HR were noted every 15 minutes of work. Besides these responses, rectal temperature (Tr), mean skin temperature (Ts) and mean sweat rate were also noted during the continuous work. Results indicated a significantly higher oxygen cost (VO2) during 400 kgM/min of work in hot and very hot humid environments whereas, in the higher rates of work, the changes were not significant. The cardiac frequency showed a significantly higher rise during different grades of activities in hot and very hot environments except in the highest work rate in hotter environments, possibly due to attainment of maximum heart rate. The duration of continuous physical efforts in various grades of activities decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in hot humid environments than in the comfortable temperature. During the progression of the work, the mean skin temperature decreased in comfortable temperature but increased in hot humid environments. The mean rectal temperature, increased during work in hot humid environment, and the rate of rise was much faster in higher work rates attaining the target temperature much earlier. The rate of sweating increased significantly as the heat load of the body increased. In hot humid environments, work performance decreased due to early attainment of maximum heart rate, reduction in VO2 max, disproportionate rise in rectal temperature, narrowing of the difference between the core and the skin temperature and attainment of maximum sweating rate. PMID- 7341462 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol of plasma in normal human subjects. AB - Ascorbic acid, 30 mg/kg/day, fed for 20 days did not significantly change either total cholesterol or high density lipoprotein cholesterol of plasma of 27 male medical college students of age varying between 17 and 20 years. PMID- 7341463 TI - Abnormal cardiovascular and electrocardiographic profiles and cardiac glycogen content in rabbits injected with scorpion venom. AB - Cardiovascular and ECG abnormalities were studied following injection of venom of Buthus tamulus, a common scorpion found in South India. Venom was administered in doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight. Subsequent estimation of glycogen content of different chambers of the heart, showed a significant reduction in tissue glycogen levels in both atria and ventricles in animals treated with a venom dose of 2 mg/kg. However, a significant reduction occurred only in atria with a higher venom dose of 4 mg/kg. PMID- 7341464 TI - Serum sialic acid levels in normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. AB - Serum sialic acid estimation was done in 97 pregnant and 61 non-pregnant healthy women. A progressive rise in the level was observed as the pregnancy advanced. The rise was higher in subjects above 30 years of age. Non-pregnant women weighing more than 50 kg a significantly higher serum sialic acid level, but the contrast was reversed during pregnancy and puerperium. PMID- 7341465 TI - A simple technique to measure paw volume in anti-inflammatory studies. AB - A simple technique using common laboratory materials based on overflow-refill principle is described. The technique provides a retrievable permanent record for re-check, ease of single handed operation, and accurate and dependable volume measurements. The use of mercury and observer's bias have been completely eliminated. Trustworthiness of the technique was confirmed by comparing the estimated and known volume (0.3 to 2.4 ml) of different objects. Further comparison of volume estimation of rat paw by this technique with that by another method, showed the new method to be more accurate with coefficient of variation of 8.98% as opposed to 15.60 % for the other methods. PMID- 7341466 TI - Hunger versus hoarding and body weight in rats. AB - The present study revealed that the rats kept on two hour meal schedule hoarded large quantity of food as compared to their hoarding score when kept on food ad lib. Body weights were maintained even though the food intake was slightly reduced. Hunger seems to a stronger drive for hoarding. PMID- 7341467 TI - Studies on neuropharmacological and biochemical properties of 5-substituted tetrazoles. PMID- 7341468 TI - Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine in tissues of WLH chicken. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine and histamine were estimated in lungs, liver, spleen and adrenals of chicken. A substantial amount of both the amines was found in all the organs. The highest level of both the amines was found in adrenals followed by spleen, lungs and liver. The level of 5-hydroxytryptamine was, however, higher than histamine in all the tissues except adrenals. PMID- 7341471 TI - A study of beta-haemolytic streptococci and anti-streptolysin 'O' titres in acute pharyngitis in children. PMID- 7341469 TI - Effect of testosterone on threshold of pain. AB - Pain threshold for thermal stimulus was studied in male albino rats before and after three days of treatment with testosterone. It was also determined 15 days after castration and three days after testosterone treatment of castrated rats. There was a significant reduction in pain threshold after testosterone treatment and a marked increase in pain threshold after castration. This increase disappeared after administration of testosterone to the castrated rats. PMID- 7341470 TI - Reduced serum triiodothyronine level in oncocerciasis. PMID- 7341472 TI - Streptococcal throat infection in urban school children. PMID- 7341473 TI - A clinical study of rabies in South Orissa. PMID- 7341474 TI - Chloramphenicol kinetics in malnutrition. PMID- 7341475 TI - Pneumoperitoneum as an aid to detect patient processus vaginalis requiring surgical closure. PMID- 7341476 TI - Early feeding of hospital delivered infants. PMID- 7341478 TI - Iatrogenic obstruction of occult omphalocele. PMID- 7341477 TI - Studies on normal hemoglobin and hematocrit values in healthy children based on hematinic supplementation. PMID- 7341479 TI - Primary lymphoma of rectum. PMID- 7341480 TI - Acute isoniazid poisoning in children. PMID- 7341481 TI - The Brazilian phase III of prevention of hanseniasis. PMID- 7341482 TI - [Outbreak of pseudo-exacerbation in a dimorphic patient with specific disseminated granulomatous vasculitis]. AB - An aged black patient diagnosed as having Virchowian hanseniasis as well as gangliar tuberculosis, after presenting an outbreak of Erythema nodosum in his first year of treatment, is interned with a reaction characterized by diffuse infiltration of cutaneous erythema, intense edema of the hands and feet, and necrotic lesions of the vasculites type in the lower members which later evolve into extenisve necrotic ulcers in the anterior segments of the feet. The patient died in shock. The findings of the autopsy showed a granulomatous tuberculoid reaction spread in neural-cutaneous mucous and visceral areas affected by Virchowian hanseniasis. Especially remarkable is the almost generalized involvement of the veins the affected areas as a result of granulomatous reaction in all levels of the vascular wall. In the extremities there is a clear correlation between these vasculites which affect small veins and arteries and the cutaneous necroses. The explanation given for these findings is that during treatment this patient presented a reactional outbreak of the pseudo-exacerbation type or a "reversal reaction" which arbitrarily affected small veins. The hansenic etiology of these vasculites was confirmed by the following facts: 1 The vasculites appeared only in areas usually affected by hanseniasis. 2 There was, concomitantly, an involvement of the adjacent nerve endings by granulomas with the same characteristics. 3 Bacilli were found in granulomas of the vascular wall, in non-affected vascular fragments and in veins untouched by the granulomatous reaction. The hypothesis raised is that the ganglionar tuberculosis may have altered the patient's immuno-allergic state thus favoring a granulomatous reaction having strong tuberculoid characteristics and with a great capability of harming veins and nerves. PMID- 7341483 TI - In vitro effect of DDS on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)--induced lymphocyte transformation. AB - A study to find out the in vitro effect of diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS) on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation was carried out in three phases using a wide range of DDS concentrations. Lymphocytes from healthy volunteers were investigated. Volunteers were divided into three groups to conduct the study in three phases. In each phase in addition to 0.02 ml of PHA, 4 different concentrations of DDS were added per 10(6) lymphocytes in tissue culture system. A statistically significant depression (P less than 0.05) in the per cent of blast cell formation induced by PHA was observed in the cultures with all the concentrations of DDS except with the lowest concentration (0.01 microgram) of DDS. While the depression observed in the first and the third phase was found to be dose dependent, no significant correlation was noted between the DDS concentration and depression in PHA induced blastogenesis in the second phase. The significance of these observations are discussed. PMID- 7341485 TI - [Comparative study of the intradermal reaction performed with whole lepromin and ultrasonic-treated lepromin in normal subjects]. AB - A comparative study on the Fernandez and on the Mitsuda reaction was made in 104 normal people employing whole and sonicated lepromin. Both types of lepromin can induce a good early reaction, and there was no significant difference in the results of the Fernandez reaction. The sonicated lepromin, though it contains all of the components of the original preparation, gives weaker late skin reactions. The results of the Mitsuda reaction were statistically significant. PMID- 7341484 TI - [Levels of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the serum of Hansen's disease patients]. AB - The LDH isoenzymes levels in fresh serum of seven patients affected by different forms of hanseniasis from Argentina, were measured by acrylamide electrophoresis. In all cases the LDH-4 fraction was found elevated; on the contrary, LDH-2 was reduced. The LDH-5 fraction was detected in only three serums, all of them significantly increased when compared with controls. PMID- 7341486 TI - On ethics and specific anti-Hansen purism. PMID- 7341487 TI - We disapprove of fund-raising based on stigmatization. PMID- 7341488 TI - [Hepatic function in the clinical spectrum of Hansen's disease]. AB - The liver function was studied in 100 hanseniasis patients. They were classified in the following 10 groups: quiescent LL (20 patients), quiescent BL (13 patients), quiescent BB (7 patients), quiescent BT (9 patients), quiescent TT (12 patients), reactional LL (12 patients), reactional BL (10 patients), reactional BB (7 patients), reactional BT (5 patients), reactional TT (5 patients); a comparison was made with a control group (10 healthy individuals). It was found a hyperproteinemia with high levels of globulin and normal levels of albumin in the serum of all clinical forms, and a typical pattern of "light damage hepatic cells" with raised in the enzymatic activity of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase with no changes in turbidity tests and bilirrubinemia, in all reactional patients. The physiopathology of this problem and the types III and IV hypersensitivity phenomena are discussed. PMID- 7341489 TI - Computers and herd recording. PMID- 7341491 TI - How helminths affect sheep. PMID- 7341490 TI - Functional anatomy of the horse's foot. PMID- 7341492 TI - Drug disposition during the perinatal period. AB - During the perinatal period the problems of drug disposition are pronounced. The adaptation from the maternal-fetal unit to extrauterine life leads to alterations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and renal elimination. Since both morphology and function of the alimentary tract changes, drugs are absorbed more slowly in the neonate than in older infants. Moreover, the serum protein binding of drugs is reduced in neonates. Consequently a measured plasma concentration may reflect a higher plasma/tissue level in the newborn as compared with adults. If the distribution volume of a drug corresponds to the total body water or extracellular water space, the dosage may be calculated in relation to the individual variations in the body surface area. But this procedure is not applicable for the newborn infant due to impaired metabolic functions of the liver and renal elimination mechanisms. The capacity of drug oxidation and glucuronidation is not fully developed in the neonate. Also glomerular filtration and tubular secretion are reduced during the first weeks of life. Therefore the elimination half-lives of many drugs are considerably prolonged in the newborn compared with that in older infants. As a consequence, individual therapeutic drug monitoring based on pharmacokinetic concepts and assisted by computer programs is becoming increasingly important. PMID- 7341493 TI - Basic mechanisms of placental transfer. AB - Placental transfer is a complicated form of transmembrane transport. Simple membrane transport is discussed first. The influence of the membrane structure on transport parameters is treated and the effect of a concentration difference on both sides of the membrane is expressed in a simple clearance equation. It is then taken into account that a placental circulation is present and the model is adjusted to a heat exchange analogy. The effect of charge on the solutes to be transported is also considered. When metabolism takes place during transport, the heat exchange model is no longer applicable. A new model is developed to quantitate this kind of transport and is also applied to calculate the synthesis in the placenta. Precursors enter from the fetal and/or maternal circulation and are metabolized in the placental tissues; they then return to both circulations. It is shown that even a simple model such as this is described by rather complex equations and shows a considerable error magnification. This will limit its use to those cases in which the input data itself shows little variation. PMID- 7341494 TI - The teratogenicity of hydantoins and barbiturates in humans, with considerations on the etiology of malformations and cerebral disturbances in the children of epileptic parents. AB - A total of 194 children of epileptic mothers and 71 children of epileptic fathers were examined for mental retardation, neurologic disturbances, major malformations, and acrofacial dysmorphias typical for hydantoin-barbiturate embryopathy (HB-E). HB-E was observed in nearly 7% of the children of mothers on anticonvulsants during pregnancy. Barbiturates and/or primidone were observed to induce the same dysmorphic features as hydantoins. The teratogenic potential of hydantoins may be slightly increased in combination with barbiturates/primidone. Neither the 71 children of epileptic fathers nor the 46 children of epileptic mothers without anticonvulsants exhibited symptoms of HB-E. The frequency of major, unspecific malformations was increased in children of epileptic mothers as well as in children of epileptic fathers as compared with the general population. Cerebral disturbances without dysmorphias were increased in children of mothers with and without anticonvulsants, but this was rarely the case in children of epileptic fathers. Cerebral disturbances were observed more often in children of mothers with seizures during pregnancy than in children of mothers without seizures. Multifactorial genetic influences on major malformations and influences of maternal seizures on cerebral disturbances in the offspring are likely. PMID- 7341495 TI - Evidence for the existence of a retino-hypothalamo-retinal loop in rabbits. AB - Rabbits which have previously been exposed to 24-h light/dark alternations exhibit in their photic responses at all levels of the visual pathway, and in the electroretinogram, simultaneous circadian changes with a time course that is programmed by the preceding light/dark schedule. The occurrence of simultaneous changes in the response of the visual cortex to electrical stimulation at subcortical levels could not be established. After bilateral sectioning of the optic nerves, there were still changes in the electroretinogram which were now no longer programmed, but reflected the existence of a free-running rhythm. Bilateral sectioning of the cervical sympathetic nerves resulted in a complete absence of circadian changes in photic responses. The results suggest the possible existence of a retino-hypothalamo-retinal loop by means of which the responses to photic stimuli on a given day are modulated according to the time course of the light/dark alternations on the immediately preceding day. The possible role of this feedback loop in the origin of animal photoperiodism is discussed. PMID- 7341496 TI - Endogenous and exogenous components of circadian rhythms when living on a 21-hour day. AB - The effects of living on a 21-h sleep-wakeful cycle upon the rhythms of urinary electrolyte excretion and deep body temperature were measured in a single female subject in an isolation unit. The effects of this 21-h routine upon the endogenous components of these rhythms were assessed by studying the subject, after 4 days on this routine, on a 'constant routine' in which exogenous rhythmic influences were removed, and the absence of any timepiece. The results confirm conclusions from previous studies which indicate that during a 21-h routine both endogenous and exogenous components are simultaneously present, though the relative size of these components depended on the variable under consideration. The endogenous component appeared to free-run with a period longer than 24 h. In the second experiment (when all timepieces were removed at the end of the time on a 21-h routine) the sleep-wakeful cycle continued to oscillate for several cycles with a period near 21 h. This suggests that activity was controlled by an oscillator which could be entrained to a period of 21 h. PMID- 7341497 TI - Circadian variation in the susceptibility of mouse epidermis to chemical carcinogens. AB - Groups of hairless nice were given a single topical application of each of two highly-reactive carcinogens (methylnitrosourea and beta-propiolactone) at 12(00) and 00(00). The tumor yield was as follows: for methylnitrosourea there was a slightly higher yield of skin tumours in the animals painted at 12(00); for animals painted with beta-propiolactone, there was a significantly higher skin tumour yield in those painted at 12(00). When the groups painted with the two carcinogens are considered together, there was a significantly higher number of animals with all types of tumours in the group painted at 12(00). Hence, there seems to be a circadian variation in the sensitivity of a tissue to a single contact with a chemical carcinogen. This may be related to the proliferative state of the tissue involved: at 12(00), DNA and cell division takes place at a more rapid rate than at 00(00). PMID- 7341498 TI - The single drug user and his audience. AB - Observations on youth life in a slum of Tel-Aviv revealed a situation in which one youngster smokes hashish while he is surrounded by his nonuser friends. Symbols of reliance on friends are the essence of this interaction. The situation denies a group pressure on this drug user. The individual's needs in social bonds, expressed in the interaction, suggests a direction for an intervention program focused on the drugged personal needs. PMID- 7341499 TI - Survival orientation and the drug use experiences of a sample of inner city junior high school youths. AB - This paper focuses on the association between a sample of inner city junior high school youths' survival orientation and their (1) environmental relationships and (2) drug use context and substance use experiences. A survival orientation index was developed based on the youths' feelings about the need to join a gang, the chances of making a "success" in life, the difficulty of getting oneself together growing up in their neighborhoods, and how hard it was to avoid getting into trouble in their neighborhoods. The findings indicate that the more the youths' feel neighborhood pressures to survive the: (1) more esteemed people who use drugs and are involved with gangs are perceived to be; (2) more often they claim to engage in street culture, gang-related spare time activities; (3) less frequently they use print media and engage in stay at home activities; (4) more frequently they indicate their friends use "hard" drugs; (5) more often they claim to being drunk or very, very high on alcohol; and (6) more often they claim to having trouble with family or friends as a result of alcohol or other drug use. In highlighting the influence of social stresses in the youth's neighborhoods on their drug-taking experiences, the findings point to the importance of developing socioculturally informed prevention thrusts to reduce the youths' drug abuse risk and to teach them how to counteract negative neighborhood pressures. PMID- 7341500 TI - The clinical judgement process in the prescribing of psychotropic drugs. AB - The primary objective of this study was to assess the strategies used by general practitioners in prescribing psychotropic drugs. Twenty-four physicians associated with the University of Toronto were presented with 63 vignettes, each describing a patient with a different combination of symptoms for which psychotropics are prescribed, and asked to choose the most appropriate drug for each patient. A mathematical model for each physician's prescribing pattern was developed from the information provided by his/her responses to the case descriptions. The physicians' prescribing strategies were found to be highly idiosyncratic, and were not related to their medical experience nor to the type of private practice in which they engage. The decision-making processes the physicians used to prescribe major tranquilizers and antidepressants were adequately modeled by a multiple linear regression equation, with very few of the predictor variables accounting for a substantial portion of the variance in prescription choice. Policies for prescribing minor tranquilizers were less successfully captured by this technique. Implications for the use of such models for improving prescribing techniques for their potential utility in clinical training are discussed. PMID- 7341501 TI - Circadian rhythm in plasma concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in alcoholics. AB - Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was orally administered to six alcoholics at 09.00 and 23.00 h. The plasma concentrations of GHB show a clear circadian pattern, the area under the curve in the daytime experiments being 61% of that in the night experiments. The significance of alcohol dehydrogenase, the catabolic enzyme of GHB, for the difference is discussed. It is concluded that, although the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in alcoholics is quantitatively disturbed, it remains subject to physiologic circadian activation. PMID- 7341503 TI - Self-reinforcement and the work ethic. AB - The current usage of the self-reinforcement paradigm within psychology is described and then extrapolated to the sociocultural level. It is suggested that this model offers a useful heuristic device for viewing the sequence of work and leisure habits. The interface of moral considerations and leisure activities is then considered using the problems of drug abuse to illustrate possible conflicts and solutions offered by this perspective. Historical and religious perspectives are presented as they relate to a complete understanding of the potential use and abuse of leisure behaviors. Finally, it is concluded that current economic trends justify the creation of a technology of leisure skills training as well as a technology of morality. PMID- 7341502 TI - Drug themes in metropolitan newspapers: review and analysis. AB - Content analysis of newspaper articles dealing with illicit drugs over a 6-month period in 1978 revealed several themes. Heroin gets "more press" than other drugs, while treatment and prevention appear to be neglected--perhaps because they are not newsworthy. The secondary analysis of the media seems to be an unobtrusive barometer to gauge the material being disseminated to the public, which helps shape their attitudes and values of drug abuse. PMID- 7341504 TI - Profile of alcoholism in a multiracial society. AB - Demographic characteristics of all patients with a diagnosis of alcoholism or alcoholic psychoses admitted between 1975 and 1978 to the Psychiatry Department, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were examined. The diagnosis of alcoholism or alcoholic psychoses accounted for 2% of the total psychiatric admissions. Males greatly predominated over females and Indians greatly predominated over Malays and Chinese. Reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 7341505 TI - Ethnic origin, beverage preference, and group composition in relation to alcohol consumption by problem drinkers. AB - New Zealand problem drinkers of European, Maori, and Pacific Island origin did not differ in their mean alcohol consumption during a 2 1/2-h free-drinking period in an experimental bar. Europeans had a smaller beer sip size, ingested more alcohol in the form of spirits, and were more likely to drink both beer and mixed drinks during the session than Polynesians. Dual beverage drinkers consumed more alcohol than did single beverage drinkers. Among drinkers of each ethnic category there was a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and ethnic representation in the drinking group. The results are discussed in the context of earlier baseline studies of drinking by alcoholics and normal drinkers, and observations of different ethnic groups drinking in the natural barroom environment. PMID- 7341506 TI - State-trait anxiety in methadone maintenance patients. AB - Changes in A-State and A-Trait in methadone maintenance patients have been assessed. It was found that following the administration of the daily dosage of methadone, A-State was significantly reduced but no changes in A-Trait occurred. The measurements were obtained during a 6-month period. PMID- 7341507 TI - Process research data on a potent, feeling-evoking residential treatment program for the simultaneous counseling of alcohol abusers and drug users. AB - There are four goals in this study: (1) to describe an innovative counseling program (called CARE, Chemical Abuse Rehabilitation Effort) tailored to treat both alcohol abusers and drug abusers simultaneously, (2) to report process data on 156 residents treated in a program that emphasized the use of three potent treatment modalities, (3) to describe the clinical use of and consequences of the scream-evoking group therapy modality within a military residential program, and (4) to determine the utility of the scream-evoking group therapy procedure (that is, specify differences between clients who screamed versus those who did not) in facilitating successful program completion according to three criteria. A rating scale was specifically designed to assess the nature, intensity, and consequences of the "scream experiences." Interobserver reliability coefficients were computed for all data involving clinical judgements and/or decisions. A total of 103 alcohol abusers and 53 drug abusers were treated from August 25, 1975 to January 7, 1977. For each of the five stages (A through E), five types of process data were used to measure the immediate impact of the treatment program: (1) response to psychodrama groups, (2) response to scream-oriented group sessions (SGSs), (3) unauthorized chemical use, (4) premature exits, and (5) clinical evaluations as to whether a client was clinically progressing upon discharge. Overall, alcohol abusers and drug abusers responded similarly to the intensive, emotion-evoking residential treatment as measured by each of the five process variables. However, more alcohol abusers than drug abusers met three combined "success" criteria for program completion. The innovative aspect of this residential treatment program is the integration of three potent groups, and structured and spontaneous confrontations--that have been combined for the first time in this program. This is the first of only two programs in the military which utilize the scream oriented group therapy methods. Fifteen methods of treatment are used to facilitate changes in problematic behaviors, attitudes, and/or feelings. The theoretical rationale for the use of these modalities is described. The SGSs are hypothesized to facilitate cathartic experiences via the scream experiences. The theoretical rationale for the use of abreactive/cathartic techniques is discussed from psychoanalytic, behavioral, and rational-emotive points of view. PMID- 7341508 TI - The correction of primary knee deformities in children. AB - One hundred and fourteen patients with primary knee deformity either genu varum, genu valgum or combined varus and valgus deformities were treated with serial plaster cylinder casts and wedging for six to nine months. The children were aged between 2 to 13 years, the peak incidence being in the third year of life. Forty seven of the patients were found to have active or healed rickets but the remaining patients showed no evidence of rachitic lesions. Results showed that serial corrective plaster casts gave a satisfactory cosmetic appearance in 69 patients but the older the patient the less favourable was the result. Eighteen patients were resistant and underwent surgical osteotomy of the femur or tibia; in four instances multiple osteotomy was required. The conclusion was that plaster of Paris casts were a safe and effective method of correcting primary deformity of the knee in the majority of the patients. PMID- 7341509 TI - Patella alta and chondromalacia. AB - The Insall-Salvati (5) method of assessing the position of the patella was applied to 247 male patients made up from five different groups. Three of the groups were Greeks with normal knees (45 patients), knees already operated on for chondromalacia patellae (36 patients) and knees with a clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae (57 patients). The other two groups comprised 58 African negroes and 51 Arabs, in all of whom a clinical diagnosis of chondromalacia patellae had been made. The ratio of the length of the patella to the length of the patellar tendon in the Greeks was 0.982 in the normal knees, 0.96 in the knees after operation and 0.971 in the knees with clinical chondromalacia. The ratio in Africans was 0.904 and in Arabs 0.929. Patella alta was found in 50% of the Greeks who had had operation or clinical chondromalacia, but it was more frequent in the Africans (74.1%) and the Arabs (68.6%). This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). PMID- 7341510 TI - Mechanical testing of trabecular bone in knee replacement. AB - To measure the strength of the juxta-articular trabecular bone in knee replacement, an osteopenetrometer was developed. The principle of its function is tha a needle penetrates the bony tissue and during this penetration the pressure on and the displacement of the needle is registered. The instrument was tested on cadaveric specimens of the proximal tibia. Good agreement was found between the osteopenetrometer findings in 18 cases and compression tests on the same bony structure. Forty-five measurements at different sites of the tibial resection surface revealed that the force needed for the penetration varied according to a pattern known from the determination of the elasticity modulus and ultimate compressive strength of bone in the same area. Histological examination of the penetration canals in the bone disclosed only sparse upsetting of bone. Curves from corresponding bone proved to reflect, in height as well as shape, the morphology of the skeletal structure. The osteopenetrometer appears to be applicable fo objectively assessing the solidity of trabecular bone during the operation. Thereby it is possible, in each individual case, to form a basis for more varied planning of the postoperative treatment programme. PMID- 7341511 TI - The blind spots in arthroscopic approaches. AB - Fifty-six knees from preserved cadavers were examined in order to compare the blind spots in different approaches in the knee during arthroscopy . After dissection of the skin pins were placed to define the main ligamentous structures of the knee, and arthroscopic examination was then carried out using a 30 degree Storz telescope. The blind spots were defined for each approach. The central approach gives a wide visualisation of the posterior compartment and has a smaller blind area than other approaches. PMID- 7341512 TI - [Infection following closed intramedullary nailing by Kuntscher's method in 1059 fractures]. AB - This paper investigates the incidence of infection following Kuntscher intramedullary nailing of 1059 open or closed fractures treated between January 1967 and December 1980. The fractures comprised 503 of the tibia 440 of the femur and 116 of the humerus. The literature over the past 10 years demonstrates that infection following plating or nailing with open reduction is more frequent than after closed intramedullary nailing. This paper confirms that nailing with open reduction for tibial and femoral fractures increases the infection rate to 5.7% and 3.5% respectively. Closed intramedullary nailing by Kuntscher's method is considered to be sound treatment in a university service for the treatment of fractures of the shaft of the tibia, femur and humerus with an infection rate of less than 1% in closed fractures. PMID- 7341513 TI - Osteoarthritis of the alanto-axial joint. AB - Thirty-one patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the atlanto-axial joint are described, suggesting that this disease is not particularly uncommon. The most characteristic radiological signs are narrowing of the joint space from loss of articular cartilage, marginal cortical thickening and osteophyte formation. Histological examination in the cadaver has shown thinning and fibrillation of articular cartilage and intra-cartilaginous ossification. The radiological appearances of the atlanto-axial joint are classified in three types, lateral atlanto-axial, atlanto-odontoid and mixed. Peak age distribution occurs between 50 and 69 years of age. Patients complain of occipital pain, a stiff shoulder and paraesthesia of the fingers. Treatment was conservative in all cases except one, a 63-year-old woman with severe occipital pain. A transoral atlanto-axial fusion was performed in this case with marked improvement. The transoral approach allows fixation and curettage of the degenerative lesions. PMID- 7341514 TI - A comparison of the long term results of three types of posterior fusion of the lumbar spine for spondylolisthesis. AB - Between 1923 and 1976, 312 posterior spinal fusions using the methods of Albee, Bosworth and Hibbs were performed on patients with spondylolisthesis at the Orthopaedic University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich. Long-term clinical results were rated as good in 80% of all patients operated on with the Albee method. The results after the Hibbs procedure on the other hand was good in only 65%. Progressive vertebral slipping after operation was seen in about 60% of all patients operated on by Albee's method, particularly in cases with severe spondylolisthesis. This slipping stops as soon as the intervertebral space had fused. Relief of the subjective symptoms also occured at this time. This phenomenon was only rarely seen after the Hibbs operation, in which the better postoperative stability leads to sclerosis of the discs indicating degenerative changes without a significant decrease in the disc height. The greater stability of the Hibb's fusion is more easily overstressed by body movements which can cause persistent symptoms and later lead to fatigue fractures. PMID- 7341516 TI - Gamma-melanotropin is not present in an N-terminal peptide of salmon proopiocortin. AB - The N-terminal peptide of salmon proopiocortin has been isolated and the primary structure including two disulfide bonds elucidated. The peptide consisted of 76 amino acid residues, which is 27 residues shorter than the bovine and human peptides. The N-terminal 44 residues of the teleost peptide exhibited significant sequence homology to those of the mammalian peptides. The salmon peptide, however, is lacking in the counterpart of gamma-MSH which is located between residues 51 and 64 in the mammalian peptides. PMID- 7341515 TI - Periosteocyte demineralization in disuse osteoporsis. The effect of calcitonin. PMID- 7341517 TI - Stable isolated symmetrical anhydrides of N alpha-9 fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Methionine-enkephalin synthesis as an example. AB - The synthesis and isolation of symmetrical anhydrides of N alpha-9 fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids using water soluble carbodiimide is described. These compounds were used in a solid phase peptide synthesis of methionine-enkephalin on a p-benzyloxybenzyl ester polystyrene 1% divinylbenzene resin support. Homogeneous free pentapeptide was obtained in 42% overall yield. The Fmoc amino acid symmetrical anhydrides were stable during prolonged storage (2 years of 0 degrees) and offer advantages over present "Fmoc solid phase" methods which use anhydrides formed in situ. PMID- 7341518 TI - Synthesis of gamma-methyl-L-leucine (neopentylglycine, Neo) and derivatives suitable for peptide synthesis. AB - The modified Strecker synthesis of Patel & Worsley was combined with an enzymatic deamidation in the final step, to produce the title compound. The amino acid is a member of the family of the "fat" amino-acids with high lipophilicity and space filling properties, as estimated by its Hansch hydrophobicity constant pi and its Charton steric parameter v. It can be used for qualitative and quantitative studies of structure-activity relationships in biologically active peptides. Three of its derivatives suitable for peptide synthesis are also described. PMID- 7341519 TI - Conformational energy calculations on enkephalins and enkephalin analogs. Classification of conformations to different configurational types. AB - Conformational energy calculations were carried out on the peptide enkaphalins (ENK) and selected analogs to find those conformers of low energy. The analogs studied include [D-Ala2]Enk-NH2, [D-Ala2]Enk, [D-Met2, Pro5]Enk-NH2, [D-Ala2, D Phe5]Enk, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Enk, [D-Ala2, (N-Me)Phe4, Met5] Enk-NH2 and [D-Ala2, (N Me)Met5]Enk-NH2. When the low-energy conformers for all the analogs are compared, different allowed backbone conformations are found which orient the functional side-chains such that three classifications of structures appear. Each classification shows a unique configuration of side-chain positions in space even though different backbone conformations are found within each classification. PMID- 7341520 TI - Improvements in the synthesis of secretin by the repetitive excess mixed anhydride (REMA) method. AB - Protected secretin, a 27-peptide amide, was synthesized by the all-repetitive excess mixed anhydride (REMA) method and purified by preparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Highly potent secretin was obtained after deprotection with the aid of HF/anisole and purification by ion-exchange chromatography. The scope of the REMA-strategy is discussed in comparison with other strategies. PMID- 7341521 TI - Biological potency and chromatographic properties of [aspartoyl3]-secretin, [beta Asp3]-secretin, and secretin (4-27). Products of intramolecular reactions in secretin. PMID- 7341522 TI - Synthesis and properties of human growth hormone fragments. AB - The solid phase synthesis of fragments 75-120-NH2 and 73-128-GlyNH2 of the human growth hormone sequence is described. Purification was by solvent extraction, gel filtration and partition chromatography. No growth-promoting activity was detected in any of the peptides by the rat body-growth assay. An immunochemically reactive area was located in the sequence 73-128 when tested by complement fixation assays. PMID- 7341523 TI - Cyclic analogue of bradykinin possessing selective and prolonged biological activity. AB - Cyclo-[(N epsilon 1-Lys1, Gly6)-bradykinin] and its deprotected non-cyclic precursor, PheGlyProPheArg LysProProGly, were synthesized using the conventional methods of peptide chemistry. Similar to bradykinin, the cyclopeptide elicits a depressor reaction in rats, as revealed by the experiments in vivo. Its duration of action, however, is greater by several orders of magnitude. At the same time, it appears to exhibit no myotropic activity when applied in vitro to extravasal smooth muscle preparations (uterus and ileum of the rat). The non-cyclic precursor lacks the depressor activity, but produces a slight myotropic effect (alpha = 0.6 +/- 0.09; pD2 = 5.9 +/- 0.17). PMID- 7341524 TI - Labeling of amino acids and peptides with isotopic oxygen as followed by 17O N.M.R. AB - 17O was introduced into the respective alpha- and gamma-COOH groups of Boc-Gly and Boc-Glu by saponification of the corresponding O-methyl esters with 1N NaOH in H2 17O. Other 17O enriched Boc-amino acids were prepared by acid catalyzed exchange into the amino acid alpha-COOH group followed by t-butyloxycarbonylation with t-butyl S-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylthio carbonate. Final enrichment, by approximately three orders of magnitude over natural abundance, was 60-100% of the possible maximum. The synthesis of [17O]-Gly-Ala, [17O]-Gly-Leu and [17O]-Gly Glu by DCC/HBT mediated coupling of Boc-Gly-[17O]-alpha-COOH with amino acid-O-t butyl esters followed by deprotection with HCl/EtOAc proceeded without undue loss of the isotope. Boc-[17O]-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 was prepared by a similar procedure. [Tyr2-17O]-, [Pro7-17O]- and [Gly4-17O]-oxytocin were synthesized using solid phase support. 17O-chemical shifts of synthetic intermediates and of the final products were as expected for each functional group. Linewidth data correlate with the molecular weights of the compounds prepared. PMID- 7341525 TI - Cyclic peptides. XI. Synthesis of AM-toxin analogs by intramolecular condensation of pyruvyl-tripeptide amides. AB - In order to establish possible routes for the synthesis of AM-toxins, cyclotetradepsipeptides containing Dha, Pyr-L-Ala-L-Hmb-L-Tyr-NH2 were prepared and treated with TFA or anhydrous HF. The product was identified to be cyclo ( alpha-Hyala-L-Ala-L-Hmb-L-Tyr-), resulting from intramolecular condensation of the alpha-keto and amide group with the formation of the alpha-Hyala residue. Cyclo (-alpha-Hyala-L-Ala-L-Hmb-L-Phe-) and cyclo (-alpha-Hyala-L-Ala-L-Val-L-Phe ) were obtained by acid-treatment of the corresponding pyruvyl-tripeptide amides. The cyclic tetrapeptides did not show the activity of AM-toxin. PMID- 7341526 TI - Protein thermostability. Correlations between calculated macroscopic parameters and growth temperature for closely related thermophilic and mesophilic bacilli. AB - The amino acid composition of more than 20 enzymes and protein from various closely related mesophilic and thermophilic micro-organisms (esp. Bacillus) have been used to calculate a variety of macroscopic parameters. These included the hydrophobic index (H phi ), the ratio of polar to non-polar volumes (rho), the ratios of Arg/(Arg + Lys), and (Arg + Lys) or (Glx + Asx) to total amino acids, % H-bonding amino acids, % alpha-helix- or beta-sheet-forming amino acids, the theoretical melting temperature (TCalcm), the total volume to total amino acid ratio (VR), and the % non-polar residues (NPS). In contrast to previous similar comparisons with proteins from divergent sources, it was found that thermophilic vs mesophilic proteins from the same genus show correlations between thermostability and increased H phi, decreased rho, and increased Arg/(Arg + Lys), as well as increased alpha-index and beta-index. Weaker correlations were seen for VR, TCalcm, aliphatic index, and NPS, all derived from, or related to, H phi. No correlations existed for the other calculated parameters. These results are consistent with recent results of Argos et al. (1979) [Biochemistry 18, 5698 5703] on sequence analyses of glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenases, where thermophilic proteins showed multiple amino acid replacements that caused increased internal hydrophobicity and increased external polarity. No trends were observed in any of the parameters calculated from amino acid compositions for crude cytoplasmic protein extracts from mesophilic vs thermophilic Bacilli. PMID- 7341527 TI - Synthesis of N-tert.-butoxycarbonyl-( alpha-phenyl)aminomethylphenoxyacetic acid for use as a handle in solid-phase synthesis of peptide alpha-carboxamides. AB - N-tert.-butoxycarbonyl-aminomethyl( alpha-phenyl)phenoxyacetic acid was synthesized and found to be suitable for use as a handle in the solid-phase synthesis of peptide alpha-carboxamides. This handle was prepared with an 82% yield when N-tert.-butoxycarbonyl-( rho-hydroxy)benzhydrylamine was treated with excess sodium iodoacetate under alkaline conditions. In stability studies the linkage between the C-terminal amino acid and the handle was found to be resistant to acidolysis in 50% TFA/CH2Cl2 (less than 1% loss after 10h). Upon treatment for 30 min with HF:anisole(9:1) at 0 degrees, 92% cleavage of glycinamide from Gly-handle-resin was obtained. In a test synthesis of a peptide alpha-carboxamide, pyroglutamylhistidylprolinamide was synthesized in 83% yield. Two other handles, tert.-butoxycarbonyl-aminomethylphenoxyacetic acid and N-tert. butoxycarbonyl-aminomethylphenyloxymethylphenoxyacetic acid, were also synthesized but found to be unsuitable for carboxamide synthesis under the same conditions of solid-phase synthesis. PMID- 7341528 TI - Enhancement of peptide coupling reactions by 4-dimethylaminopyridine. AB - 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was found to be useful in the enhancement of peptide coupling reactions mediated by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or symmetrical anhydrides. In an automated synthesis of the model heptapeptide Boc-Ala-Cle-Ile Val-Pro-Arg(Tos)-Gly-OCH2-Resin (Cle, cycloleucine), the efficiencies of various coupling methods such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide plus 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and symmetrical anhydride were compared with that of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide plus 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Based on the amino acid composition of the peptide-resin samples and high pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of the protected heptapeptide amide obtained from the ammonolytic cleavage of the peptide-resin samples, it was concluded that only dicyclohexylcarbodiimide plus 4-dimethylaminopyridine gave the desired near quantitative couplings in those cycles involving the sterically hindered amino acid residues. Observations were also made that 4-dimethylaminopyridine was a useful additive in a modified symmetrical anhydride method of coupling. In the synthesis of the model tetrapeptide Leu-Ala-Gly-Val on a Pam resin, the anhydride couplings were accelerated by DMAP and the product was equivalent in homogeneity to that obtained by the best previous methods. In addition, no racemization was detectable by a sensitive chromatographic method. There also was no detectable racemization found in a DCC-DMAP coupling of Boc-Ile-OH with H-Val-OCH2-resin. However, significant racemization was observed during the coupling of Boc-Phe-OH with H-Glu(OBzl)-OCH2-resin. DMAP is recommended as an additive for coupling hindered amino acids, particularly C alpha-substituted residues, where little or no racemization is expected. PMID- 7341529 TI - Theoretical conformational analysis of enkephalin analogues related to fluorescence and n.m.r. measurements in aqueous solution. AB - The properties related to non-radiative energy transfer of a number of enkephalin analogues with tryptophan substituted for phenylalanine in position 4 and n.m.r. 3JNH-C alpha H coupling constants of corresponding [Phe4]-enkephalin analogues are being derived from semi-empirical conformational energy. The molecules considered contain a glycyl, a D-alanyl or an L-alanyl as second residue; two of the compounds are N-methylated at position 4 or 5. The [Trp4]-enkephalin analogues and the corresponding [Phe4]-enkephalin analogues display nearly parallel affinities in the opiate receptor binding assay (Schiller et al. (1). The comparison of computed and experimental properties shows that an ensemble of conformers is a satisfactory representation of the state of these molecules in water. PMID- 7341530 TI - Complete sequence of the glycosylated amino terminal segment of porcine pro opiomelanocortin. AB - The complete sequence of an anterior pituitary glycopeptide corresponding to the first 80 amino acid residues of the amino terminal of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) after excision of the signal peptide is reported. This peptide isolated from pig pituitaries shows considerable sequence conservation with its predicted homologues from bovine, murine and human species. PMID- 7341531 TI - Acetylation of bovine growth hormone by N-acetylimidazole. AB - Bovine growth hormone was chemically modified with N-acetylimidazole and the acetylated tyrosine residues were identified. Tyrosine 42 was the most reactive followed by tyrosines 158, 35 and 109 and to a lesser degree by tyrosines 141 and 174. Several lysine residues were also acetylated. The modified hormone retained the native alpha-helix content but showed a weak growth promoting activity and was unable to complete in vivo with 125I-labeled bovine growth hormone for the liver binding sites. The loss in growth promoting activity induced by acetylation was prevented by the amidination of lysine residues. These findings combined with results already published suggest that tyrosine residues are not important in the manifestation of the hormone growth promoting activity. PMID- 7341533 TI - Partial molar heat capacity of the peptide group in aqueous solutions. AB - Integral enthalpies of solution at very high dilution of sodium salts of N-acetyl amino acids, N-acetyl peptides, and N-benzoyl glycine have been measured in water at 298.15 and 308.15 K. Standard heat capacities of solution at 303.15 K have been derived from the enthalpy of solution data. The peptide backbone-unit (CH2CONH) contribution toward the limiting partial molal heat capacities derived from these experimental results is compared with those obtained from Cop2 of other model compounds, viz. oligopeptides, pyrrolidones, piperidones, diketopiperazine, and amides. Cop2 of the peptide backbone unit observed in the sodium slats of the N-substituted amino acids and peptides is also correlated with the structural details of the compounds and it is concluded that Cop2 contribution of the whole CH2CONH group, rather than that of CONH group, should be used for predicting the heat capacities of polypeptides and proteins in aqueous solution. PMID- 7341532 TI - Racemization of free and protein-bound amino acids in strong mineral acid. AB - A new GC/MS technique was applied to measure the racemization of amino acids in strong mineral acid. The inversion rate constants of 15 free amino acids were determined under standard hydrolysis conditions (110 degrees, 6 N HCl in evacuated vacuum-sealed tubes). The variations in the inversion rate constants of all tested amino acids with the exception of serine and threonine were related to two factors: side-chain electron-withdrawing capacity ( sigma ) and steric hindrance in the vicinity of the alpha-hydrogen atom. The rate constants for serine and threonine were much lower than expected. Hydrolysis-induced racemization of protein-bound amino acids was investigated with alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Significant differences were observed as compared with the racemization rates of free amino acids. Such discrepancies were also observed between the two proteins. In the early stage of alpha-lactalbumin hydrolysis, 10% inversion of methionine was measured as compared with less than 0.5% in the case of beta-lactoglobulin. We attributed the particular behaviour of methionine in alpha-lactalbumin to the neighborhood of a cysteine residue on the carboxyl side. PMID- 7341534 TI - Amino acid sequence of a peptide from hypothalamus of Rana cynophylictis. PMID- 7341535 TI - A 3-year survey of referral pattern and case material in pediatric nephrology. AB - A 3-year survey of patient referrals and case material in pediatric nephrology is evaluated to provide a data base for future projection of patient needs. In the 3 year period between January 1978 to December 1980, 538 pediatric patients with renal and electrolyte disorders were evaluated and treated. The principle reasons for the referrals were: hematuria (23%), hypertension (5%), nephrotic syndrome (7%), non-acute glomerulopathies (11%), acute glomerulonephritis (3%), fluid electrolyte disorders (29%), urinary tract infections (6%), and others. Of the 538 patients, 99 underwent percutaneous renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance. The indications and results of the renal biopsies were also reviewed. The accrual of 18 chronic dialysis patients over a 36-month period is analyzed and presented. The ages of the patients were 4 to 16 years. They weighed from 16 to 51 kg. The primary renal diseases were objective uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, membrano-proliferative nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, focal glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and others. All children, except 9 received kidney transplantations. The annual incidence of end-stage renal failure was 4 per million population. PMID- 7341536 TI - The neonate with adult-type autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. AB - A premature infant with severe respiratory distress syndrome was found to have bilaterally enlarged kidneys and normal renal function. Renal ultrasonography confirmed renal enlargement but revealed no hydronephrosis or cysts. Family history was consistent with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and renal ultrasonography in the mother revealed bilateral multiple cysts of which she was previously unaware. The infant died of respiratory failure and septicemia, and autopsy revealed multiple microscopic renal cysts characteristic of early ADPKD. This case, along with 16 other affected newborns previously reported, illustrates the difficulty and importance of diagnosing ADPKD in the neonate. It is anticipated that awareness of this unusual cause of renal enlargement in the newborn will result in earlier diagnosis and appropriate genetic counselling. PMID- 7341537 TI - Body composition in a rat model of moderate uremia. AB - To evaluate whether abnormal body composition in uremia is a consequence of undernutrition from poor food intake, body fluid compartments and individual organs were measured in moderately uremic (5/6th nephrectomy) and pair fed control rats and in a second group of moderately uremic and control rats on two levels of dietary protein: 43% (HP) and 18.5% (LP). Uremic rats in both groups had significantly increased total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) and decreased total body solids (TBS). Heart weight in uremic rats was significantly increased, whereas weight of muscle, brain, adrenal, and fat free liver, as a percent of body weight, did not differ from control rats. There were no differences between uremic rats on HP and LP diets in TBW, ECW, TBS or in heart weight and muscle weight. Uremic rats on HP had increased kidney and liver weights. These data demonstrate abnormal body composition in a rat model of moderate uremia. Changes observed appear to be primarily a consequence of uremia per se rather than of undernutrition or level of dietary protein. PMID- 7341538 TI - Amino acid losses during CAPD in children. AB - Plasma aminograms and daily amino acid losses in the dialysate were studied in 5 uremic children undergoing CAPD for 6-8 months. Amino acid losses averaged 10,000 muM/day, 25% of which under the form of essential amino acids. CAPD therapy did not correct the uremic profile of plasma amino acid concentrations. PMID- 7341539 TI - Hodgkin's disease presenting as renal failure: improvement in renal lesion and renal function with chemotherapy. AB - A 15 year old girl presented with weight loss, lymphadenopathy and severe renal failure. A diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were made by biopsy of a lymph node. Renal biopsy findings included diffuse infiltration of the interstitium by lymphocytes and plasma cells. There was a mild increase in mesangial matrix in the glomeruli. Renal function returned to normal after she received chemotherapy for the Hodgkin's disease. This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in the renal interstitial infiltrate and by a significant decrease in the renal size on intravenous pyelography. It is unusual for patients with Hodgkin's disease to present in renal failure. We are unaware of any previous patient who presented in this manner and who survived with normal renal function. The patient is now apparently free of disease six years after her original illness. PMID- 7341540 TI - Neurophysiological investigations in two cases of Alexander's disease with infantile onset. AB - Repeated neurophysiological investigations over a six year period are reported in two children with histologically proven Alexander's leucodystrophy. The EEG alterations were already detectable at an early stage of the disease with subsequent progressive deterioration in both cases. There was no definite abnormality in the ERG-VEP studies which were only carried out in the younger patient. The EEG features in the course of the illness are different from those seen in most of the identified genetically determined neurometabolic diseases as well as in the group of so-called leucodystrophies of similar age groups. However, the EEG-ERG-VEP features are not sufficiently characteristic to be diagnostic. PMID- 7341541 TI - Oculomotor abnormalities in patients with lesions involving the tectal region. AB - An analysis of ocular movements was performed in four patients with retraction nystagmus and paralysis of the upward gaze. The clinical and radiological data indicate that the lesion were relatively limited to the most rostral and dorsal portion of the mesencephalon. The electrooculographic examination disclosed not otherwise obvious abnormalities of horizontal ocular movements. The most prominent defect was a tendency to perform hypometric saccades followed by multiple corrective movements. This tendency was particularly evident in saccadic movements toward a light spot unexpectedly displaced in the visual field of the subject. It is suggested that lesions responsible for retraction nystagmus can also affect the visuomotor integration mechanisms; the foveation of the target is then obtained through a typical modification of the motor strategy. PMID- 7341542 TI - Circulating platelet aggregates: a chronic platelet activation in patients with transient ischaemic attacks. AB - Platelet hyperaggregability was tested in 62 TIA patients by means of the formalin fixing principle of Wu and Hoak. Compared to age-matched controls, the platelet aggregates ratio (PAR) was reduced from 0.99 +/- 0.04 SD to 0.807 +/- 0.14 SD. This means a highly significant increase of circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in untreated TIA patients, regardless of the interval sinche the last attack (from 2 days to 1 year). PAR was especially reduced in patients with abnormal angiography (expressing pronounced cerebral or diffuse ATS) and it was possibly affected by previous antiplatelet treatment with ASA. PMID- 7341543 TI - Antibody-induced redistribution and shedding of membrane proteins in Duchenne muscular dystrophy lymphocytes. AB - Surface redistribution of molecules induced by specific antibody interaction was monitored by HLA antigen "lysostrip" experiments and "shedding" of Ig surface molecules, both in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients and in normal controls. No significant difference in the rate of disappearance of the proteins for the lymphocyte surface was observed between patients and controls. PMID- 7341544 TI - Early myoclonus and quasiperiodic EEG changes in non-familial Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7341545 TI - Water intoxication from fluphenazine therapy. PMID- 7341546 TI - Prognosis and clinical varieties of ALS disease. AB - 210 cases of ALS disease in the period 1955-1979 are considered. Different parameters such as sex, age, duration and clinical course have been correlated with four clinical types: conventional, pseudopolyneuritic, pyramidal and bulbar. The age distribution shows a peak in the fifth decade of life. The sex ratio is 2.08:1. Considering together all the clinical types, the mean duration of the disease is 27.05 months. The bulbar variety has the poorest prognosis (19.6 months) and the pyramidal variety the best (37.59 months). Familiarity is evidenced in only 3 cases. All our data are discussed and compared with those of the literature. PMID- 7341547 TI - EMG changes in chronically dialyzed uraemic subjects undergoing d, 1-Carnitine treatment. AB - The deficiency of muscle Carnitine secondary to chronic dialysis frequently induces lipid storage in striated muscles associated with progressive myocardial involvement. Serial EMG recordings disclose the presence of several motor unit potential families in tibialis anterior muscle related to damage of peripheral nervous fibres and muscular districts due to the storage of lipid vacuoles. The administration of d,1-Carnitine to twenty chronically dialyzed uraemic patients significantly improved distal latency of the M response of the external peroneal nerve at the EDB muscle and the MUP properties suggesting a Carnitine-dependent amelioration of fatty acid oxidative processes both in muscle and Schwann cells. The main side effects following d,1-Carnitine oral administration (3 g/daily) is a myasthenia-like symptom complex that is promptly reversed on drug interruption. PMID- 7341548 TI - Kearns-Sayre syndrome. A case of the complete syndrome with encephalic leukodystrophy and calcification of basal ganglia. AB - A case of a complete Kearns-Sayre syndrome, of early onset, associated with cerebral and cerebellar leukodystrophy and basal ganglia calcification is reported. The clinical, neurophysiological and morphological findings suggest multisystem involvement. PMID- 7341549 TI - Progressive peroneal muscular atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) associated with beta-thalassemia trait and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. A clinical and nerve biopsy case. AB - The case of a 22 year old woman presenting progressive peroneal muscular atrophy (PMA) is described. Electrophysiological and pathological studies demonstrated features of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy -HMSN- type I. Laboratory findings showed two erythrocytic defects: beta-thalassemia trait and a glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. Unlike the past, these inherited disorders are associated with PMA. PMID- 7341551 TI - Familial lead poisoning from contaminated wine. AB - Three members of a family were found be suffering from lead poisoning of nonindustrial origin, the causative agent being the home-produced wine left to ferment in a glazed earthenware vat. The clinical and neurophysiological features are discussed in the light of similar cases in the literature. Correct diagnosis and early treatment of nonindustrial lead polyneuropathy are often extremely difficult because of the elusive nature of the exposure. PMID- 7341550 TI - Myoglobinuria: presentation of personal cases and review of the literature. AB - The presence of myoglobin in the urine is a symptom of rhabdomyolysis occurring in many muscular affections. Muscle tissue from seven patients who had presented one of more episodes of myoglobinuria has been studied by histological, histochemical, and biochemical methods. Three cases belonging to the same family and an additional one revealed a muscular CPT deficiency. Two of those cases were females. In two other cases a toxic etiology was suggested, one due to heroin and the other to associated fenfluramine and phenformin. In the last case the origin of rhabdomyolysis was not clearly defined and viral infection, drug intolerance or electrolytic imbalance were proposed. The cases are discussed in the light of the literature and the possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms are reviewed. PMID- 7341552 TI - Multiple tests in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), E-UFA test and CSF isoelectrofocusing (IEF) were applied to 42 multiple sclerosis patients. VEPs were abnormal in 29 cases. SEPs in 31 cases, E-UFA in 30 cases, CSF IEF in 38 cases. At least two tests were abnormal in 41 out of 42 patients; 16 cases revealed pathological responses in three tests (38,1%), 15 in four of them (35,7%). The authors discuss the value of using several tests in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and emphasize their importance for the purpose of diagnostic classification. PMID- 7341554 TI - A very delayed case of post-irradiation myelopathy with unusual features. AB - A 48 year old man, irradiated 30 years before for a left laterocervical, lymphadenopathy, developed a progressive weakness of the left arm of two years duration. Myelography and other examinations excluded a compressive spinal process. The clinical and neurophysiological data point to a lesion in the spinal gray matter, probably due to the previous radiation treatment. PMID- 7341553 TI - Effects of different doses of apomorphine on GAD activity in rat substantia nigra. AB - The effects of different doses of the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) were investigated in rat substantia nigra in comparison with haloperidol and sulpiride, two DA receptor blocking agents. Results obtained show that low doses (10,35 microgram/kg, s.c.) of apomorphine induce a decrease in nigral GAD activity whilst an opposite effect is observed with the highest dose (1000 microgram/kg, s.c.). No significant change is observed following injection of the intermediate doses (100 and 500 microgram/kg, s.c.). Moreover, sulpiride at the dose used (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induces an increase in GAD activity whilst no effect follows systemic injection of the same dose of haloperidol. The results are discussed in light of recent neurochemical and behavioral data. PMID- 7341555 TI - Congenital fiber type disproportion with fatal outcome: a case report. AB - A child with congenital fiber type disproportion without structural changes in muscle fibres is reported. Although this pattern suggests a favorable prognosis, the clinical worsening followed by death at the age of 17 months shows that there is as yet no predictor for a benign course for this myopathy. PMID- 7341556 TI - Diencephalic syndrome secondary to intracranial astrocytoma in a dog. PMID- 7341557 TI - Acute hepatic necrosis associated with the administration of mebendazole to dogs. AB - Mebendazole was administered to 7 adult Dachshunds and 2 adult Doberman Pinschers at 6-month intervals for routine parasite control. Two weeks after the 1st treatment, a 3-year-old Dachshund died of acute hepatic failure. Approximately 2 weeks following the 2nd treatment, two 5-year-old Dachshunds and one 3-year-old Dachshund had evidence of acute hepatic necrosis; 1 of these dogs died of fulminant hepatic failure. Typical clinical signs in affected dogs included anorexia, depression, vomiting, icterus, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. Two additional Dachshunds had biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction, ie. high serum alanine aminotransferase and serum alkaline phosphatase activities. One Dachshund and 2 Doberman Pinschers had no clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic disease. PMID- 7341558 TI - Canine salmonellosis in a small animal hospital. PMID- 7341559 TI - Paramphistomum microbothrioides in American bison and domestic beef cattle. AB - Intestinal paramphistomiosis was diagnosed in a bull and cow with severe diarrhea and weight loss, and subsequent investigation suggested that the infection was transmitted from American bison (Bison bison). The rumen fluke, Paramphistomum microbothrioides, was recovered from the rumen of 3 bison on the farm or origin. Single operculate eggs of P microbothrioides measuring 130 x 69 micrometers were recovered from the feces of the bull, from 9 of 10 bison, and from 3 of 9 other beef cattle. Snails of the genera Physa and Helisoma were collected at the farm of origin. Ostertagiosis and paratuberculosis were considered in the differential diagnosis but were ruled out on the basis of fecal, plasma, and mucosal tests. In view of the lack of approved drugs for treatment of paramphistomes in the United States, treatment was attempted with an 8 times normal dose of thiabendazole (528 mg/kg). Advice was given on grazing management strategies designed to reduce exposure of susceptible cattle to metacercariae, and the owner was advised to drain a large snail habitat. PMID- 7341560 TI - Veterinarians' incomes: 1977 vs 1980. PMID- 7341561 TI - What is your diagnosis? Case 1. Herniation of an intestinal loop into the femoral area. PMID- 7341562 TI - What is your diagnosis? Case 2. Pneumothorax with collapse of the left caudal lung lobe. PMID- 7341563 TI - Collection and transfer of equine embryos. AB - Embryos were recovered in 39 of 47 attempts (83%) during 1979 and in 75 of 104 attempts (72%) during 1980. The mean diameters of day 8 and 9 blastocysts were 1.00 and 2.13 mm, respectively. The injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha or prostalene on day 8 or 9 after ovulation resulted in a mean interval between embryo recovery attempts of 17.7 +/- 0.3 days. Number of embryos recovered within mares did not vary significantly with repeated attempts. Following surgical transfer, 8 of 15 recipients (53%) were pregnant at 50 days after ovulation, whereas only 4 of 15 recipients (27%) were pregnant at 50 days following nonsurgical embryo transfer. PMID- 7341564 TI - Primary renal cell carcinoma in two horses. AB - Of 2 horses with renal cell carcinoma, 1 had massive ascites but no other signs of urinary tract disease; the other had hematuria. In both horses, the tumors were palpable as large perirenal masses. The tumor mass of horse 1 almost completely replaced the left kidney, and there were tumor implants on the serosa of abdominal organs. The right kidney of horse 2 was compressed peripherally by the tumor, which completely filled the renal pelvis. The prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in horses and dogs necropsied at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between 1953 and 1976 was similar, and these 2 species had a higher prevalence than cattle, cats, or swine. PMID- 7341565 TI - Inappropriate erythropoietin production from a renal carcinoma in a dog with polycythemia. PMID- 7341566 TI - Eversion of the urinary bladder in a cow. PMID- 7341567 TI - Surgical correction of volvulus of the root of the mesentery in calves. PMID- 7341568 TI - Emergency surgery: the patient versus the disease. PMID- 7341569 TI - Feline plague in New Mexico: report of five cases. AB - Naturally acquired plague was diagnosed in 5 domestic cats. The cats apparently contracted the disease through contact with sylvatic rodents or their fleas in plague-enzootic areas. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence and isolation of Yersinia pestis on culture of abscess material. Abscess formation, lymphadenitis, lethargy, and fever were consistent clinical findings. PMID- 7341570 TI - Public health and gerbils: microbial evaluation. AB - Fifty Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were purchased from 25 retail outlets. The aerobic oral and fecal bacterial flora as well as the dermatophyte flora were examined for potential human pathogens. The study revealed that gerbils purchased from retail outlets constituted no public health threat in terms of disease caused by these organisms. Among the retail outlets there were no differences in findings between gerbils that originated with commercial breeders or those supplied by customers of the retail outlet. PMID- 7341571 TI - Veterinary nosocomial (hospital-acquired) Klebsiella infections. AB - In March 1978, 3 cases of Klebsiella infection occurred in dogs in the intensive care unit at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. The hospital staff was concerned about the possibility of a common-source epidemic, and a record review was conducted for the period January 1977 to April 1978, to examine the past pattern of nosocomial Klebsiella infection. Twenty-three dogs and 1 cat were identified as having had nosocomial Klebsiella infection; the incidence among hospitalized dogs for the 6-month period was 0.85%. Surgical wounds were the most common site of infection, followed by the urinary tract and blood. Prophylactic use of antibiotics appeared to increase the risk of infection and to induce antibiotic resistance. PMID- 7341572 TI - Fatal exsanguination of cattle attributed to an attack of salt marsh mosquitoes (Aedes sollicitans). PMID- 7341573 TI - Aplastic anemia in a horse. PMID- 7341574 TI - Uterine torsion with ovarian vein rupture in a ewe. PMID- 7341575 TI - Statistical quality control in meat processing. PMID- 7341576 TI - Tatto identification of spayed or neutered dogs and cats. PMID- 7341577 TI - Veterinary income per hour, 1980. PMID- 7341578 TI - Veterinarians, dog bite statutes, and liability. PMID- 7341579 TI - Public service overkill. PMID- 7341580 TI - Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate associated with epiglottic shortening in two horses. AB - Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was diagnosed in 2 Thoroughbred horses examined because of decreased exercise tolerance and a respiratory noise during strenuous exercise. The persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was caused by an epiglottis that was approximately 2/3 normal size, and thus was incapable of maintaining the soft palate in a normal subepiglottic position. Contrast pharyngography suggested a primary epiglottic abnormality. Visual assessment of the lesion was accomplished by exploratory ventral laryngotomy and endoscopy of the oropharynx per os. Surgical intervention did not appreciably improve exercise capacity. PMID- 7341581 TI - Equine carpal surgery: A review of 89 cases and evaluation of return to function. AB - During a 6-year period, carpal arthrotomies were performed on 89 horses with carpal fractures. Fifty-two percent of the fractures involved the left forelimb; the 3rd carpal bone was most often involved (42%), followed by the radial carpal bone (30%). The effect of surgery on the performance of a subgroup of 48 thoroughbreds was evaluated by comparing the number of starts, level of racing (claiming value), and earnings for the 12 months of racing preceding and following arthrotomy. The data indicated that carpal arthrotomy in the Thoroughbred carries with it a favorable prognosis inasmuch as 80% of the patients in this study returned to competition. PMID- 7341582 TI - A field evaluation of pro-benzimidazole, benzimidazole, and non-benzimidazole anthelmintics in horses. AB - The effectiveness of 1 pro-benzimidazole (pro-BZD) drug, 3 benzimidazole (BZD) drugs, and 3 non-benzimidazole (non-BZD) drugs in keeping fecal egg counts below 50 eggs per gram 2 and 4 weeks after treatment at 6-week intervals was compared in groups of brood mares and yearlings at 2 Standardbred farms. In a preliminary study (December 1978 to April 1979) as well as major study (April to November 1979), horses were kept in the same groups in the same areas. In the major study, treatments were arranged in a Latin square design. On farm 1, which had a history of repeated use of BZD drug since 1964, the non-BZD drugs, dichlorvos and pyrantel pamoate, rated 83%-100% in their ability to suppress egg counts below 50 eggs per gram. They were significantly better (P less than 0.05) than pro-BZD (febantel) or BZD (cambendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole) drugs, which rated 13%-58%. Phenothiazine-piperazine-carbon disulfide rated 60%-77% on farm 1 and also was significantly better (P less than 0.05) than pro-BZD or BZD drugs. On farm 2, which had a history of limited use BZD drugs, there was no significant difference between the 3 classes of anthelmintics, which all rated between 67% and 100%. Results of larval culture showed small strongyles to be the major source of high egg counts. In all groups of horses, irrespective of the treatment, there was a marked increase in fecal egg counts by 6 weeks after treatment. PMID- 7341583 TI - Aneurysm of the aortic arch and bicarotid trunk in a horse. PMID- 7341584 TI - Use of a teaser bull in a beef cattle artificial insemination program. PMID- 7341585 TI - Indications of unilateral bovine nephrectomy: a report of four cases. AB - Unilateral nephrectomy was done on 4 cows with renal disease. The history and clinical signs varied and were not pathognomonic for disease of the urinary system. Serum creatinine and BUN concentrations were normal in each cow prior to nephrectomy, in spite of advanced renal disease. Results of urinalysis were abnormal in 3 cows. Cystoscopic examination aided in the diagnosis, by revealing unilateral hematuria in 1 cow. Palpation per rectum revealed a large abdominal mass adjacent to the kidney in 2 cows. Exploratory celiotomy was necessary in 3 cows to determine the exact nature of their disease. Nephrectomy was easily performed; however, ligature security was critical. A biopsy of the remaining kidney at the time of nephrectomy aided in determining medical therapy and prognosis. Three cows recovered from the effects of the disease and became productive members of the herd. One cow was euthanatized because of end-stage renal disease in the remaining kidney. PMID- 7341586 TI - Estradiol-17 beta cyclopentylpropionate and prostaglandin F for induction of abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy in feedlot heifers. AB - The ability of estradiol-17 beta cyclopentylpropionate (ECP, 20 mg) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha; 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg) to induce abortion during early gestation (days 40 to 90, as estimated by palpation per rectum) in pregnant feedlot heifers was compared. All treatments were given by IM injection. All heifers treated with 20 and 40 mg of PGF2 alpha aborted within 7 days after treatment. Six of 10 heifers aborted in the same period after ECP treatment; 1 additional heifer aborted by day 13. Abortions did not occur by day 13 in 10 placebo-treated heifers. Five and 10 mg of PGF2 alpha aborted 2 of 3 and 8 of 10 heifers, respectively, within 7 days of treatment. Quantitation of serum progesterone by specific radioimmunoassay showed that a luteolytic effect was evident in aborting heifers. Complications were not detected in any heifers after treatment or abortion. Ten of the 20 heifers that aborted in response to the 20- and 40-mg doses of PCF2 alpha developed a new corpora lutea by day 20 after treatment. However, none of the heifers that aborted after ECP treatment had a corpus luteum by day 20. It was concluded that PGF2 alpha is a more effective compound than ECP for induction of abortion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy in feedlot heifers, that a wide range of PGF2 alpha doses are capable of inducing abortion in at least some animals treated, and that heifers are likely to resume ovarian activity sooner if aborted with PGF2 alpha than with ECP. PMID- 7341587 TI - Relationship between serum immunoglobulin values and incidence of respiratory disease in calves. AB - Severe respiratory disease, with high morbidity and high mortality, occurred in 2 groups of bull calves (14 to 64 days old) raised in th same facility. Necropsy findings included lesions of acute or chronic bronchopneumonia. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) values were determined for all calves at 3 to 6 days of age. Calves that died of respiratory disease had an average IgG value of 1,267 mg/100 ml, whereas calves that lived had an average IgG value of 2,698 mg/100 ml. Calves with low serum IgG values had higher morbidity, had to be treated earlier in life, and had to be treated more frequently per day, when compared with calves that had high serum IgG values. PMID- 7341588 TI - What is your diagnosis? Irregular mineralized densities in the origin of the long digital extensor and irregular margins with bone lucency of the extensor fossa. PMID- 7341589 TI - Toxicology of ethylenediamine dihydriodide. PMID- 7341590 TI - Equine thoracic radiology. PMID- 7341591 TI - Cutaneous eosinophilic granuloma in a Labrador retriever. PMID- 7341592 TI - Maldigestion and malabsorption in a dog with chronic gastritis. PMID- 7341593 TI - Naproxen toxicosis in a dog. PMID- 7341594 TI - Ineffectiveness of isoniazid against three equine pathogens. PMID- 7341595 TI - X-trisomy karyotype and associated infertility in a Holstein heifer. PMID- 7341596 TI - Radiographic findings in foals with angular limb deformities. PMID- 7341597 TI - Prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris and Parascaris equorum in Kentucky thoroughbreds at necropsy. AB - At necropsy of 49 Thoroughbreds from farms with generally good parasite control programs in central Kentucky, examination was specifically made for presence of Strongylus vulgaris in all of the horses and of Parascaris equorum in 21 of them. None of the deaths of the horses was caused by infections of internal parasites. Visceral arteries were examined for specimens of S vulgaris and lesions related to migrating stages of this parasite. Contents of the small intestines were examined for P equorum. Specimens of S vulgaris were recovered from 19 (39%) horses, and arterial lesions were observed in 24 (49%) of them. Parascaris equorum was found in 9 (43%) horses. Both parasites were found to persist in generally low numbers on farms in spite of their parasite control programs applied in recent years. PMID- 7341598 TI - Fringe benefits received by veterinarians, 1980. PMID- 7341599 TI - Malpractice insurance and antitrust laws. PMID- 7341600 TI - Laryngeal paralysis in three cats. PMID- 7341601 TI - Intraocular prosthesis in the dog and cat: the failures. PMID- 7341602 TI - Clinical features of inherited cerebellar degeneration in Gordon setters. AB - We evaluated a kindred of Gordon Setters affected with inherited ataxia. Six adults and 4 pups clinically affected by the disease were examined. Pathologic studies were performed on a 3-year-old affected female dog and on a 2-month-old pup born to affected parents. The dogs were normal at birth; the 1st signs of neurologic dysfunction (wide-based stance and hypermetria) appeared between 6 and 10 months of age. As the disease progressed, increased tone of the extensor musculature, truncal ataxia, and nystagmus were noted. The disease had a slowly progressive course. The pathologic abnormalities were limited to the cortex of the cerebellum. There was atrophy with loss of Purkinje cells and granule cells affecting predominantly the vermis and paravermian regions of lobules IV, V, and VI. The study of the pedigree and our observations of the progeny of 2 affected dogs indicated that the mode of inheritance of this ataxia is compatible with an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7341603 TI - Malignant hyperthermia in a halothane-anesthetized horse. AB - Malignant hyperthermia developed in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred horse following 3 hours and 15 minutes of halothane anesthesia, with supplementary succinylcholine. Clinical signs included fever, sweating, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and decreased blood pressure followed by a rapid increase in blood pressure. Biochemical aberrations included hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, myoglobinuria, and high creatine phosphokinase and ornithine carbamyl transferase activities. Treatment consisted initially of surface cooling with cold water, alcohol and ice, IV administration of cooled balanced electrolyte solutions and sodium bicarbonate, and removal from the anesthetic and rebreathing circuit. Oxygen was given by endotracheal insufflation. The rectum was then packed with ice, the horse was moved to a recovery raft and pool, and his body was packed in ice. Xylazine and dantrolene were given during recovery from anesthesia. Following recovery, treatment consisted of administration of balanced electrolyte solutions, calcium borogluconate, potassium penicillin, meperidine, and additional dantrolene. Muscle biopsy demonstrated exaggerated contracture responses to halothane and caffeine, confirming a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia. The horse was returned to training following a routine postsurgical convalescent period. PMID- 7341604 TI - Prevalence of microfilariae (Onchocerca spp) in skin of Kentucky horses at necropsy. PMID- 7341605 TI - Liver flukes (Platynosomum concinnum) in an Ohio cat. PMID- 7341606 TI - Hydralazine Therapy for severe mitral regurgitation in a dog. PMID- 7341607 TI - Primary tracheal leiomyoma in a dog. PMID- 7341608 TI - Peritoneopericardial hernia in a horse. PMID- 7341609 TI - Cleft soft palate, nasal septal deviation, and epiglottic entrapment in a thoroughbred filly. PMID- 7341610 TI - What is your diagnosis? Bilateral aplasia of the retroarticular processes of the temporal bone, indicative of mandibular joint dysplasia. PMID- 7341611 TI - Estrus and fertility in lactating sows and piglet performance as influenced by limited nursing. AB - Seven trials were conducted with 126 sows and their litters to determine the influence of limited nursing (LN), starting on day 21 of lactation, on estrous activity and conception rate during lactation and on piglet performance. One-half of the sows in each of the first three trials were allowed to nurse their piglets four times daily for 30-min periods for 12 days. In the last four trials, half of the sows nursed their piglets four times daily for the first 3 days and then three times daily for 4 days (7-day limited nursing). The remaining sows in each trial were allowed to nurse their piglets in a normal manner. All piglets were weaned at the end of the LN period. Piglets were weighed at the start of the study, at weaning and at 14 days postweaning. Creep intake was measured during the LN period. In the first three trials, eight of the 26 LN sows were in estrus before weaning, whereas no control (C) sows were in estrus during lactation (P greater than .01). The average interval from weaning to breeding was 1.7 and 6.6 days for LN and C sows, respectively (P greater than .01). In the last four trials, five of 37 LN sows were in estrus before weaning, whereas no C sows were in estrus during lactation (P greater than .07). The average interval from weaning to estrus was 3.3 and 4.3 days for LN and C sows, respectively, (P greater than .05). Conception rate did not differ between trials or between treatment groups. Weight gain during the treatment period was lower and creep feed intake greater (both P greater than .01) for pigs reared by LN sows than for piglets reared by C sows. Weight gained after weaning was greater (P greater than .05) for piglets reared by LN sows than for those reared by C sows in the first three trials, but was similar for the two groups in the following four trials. Piglet death loss was similar for the two groups throughout the experiment. PMID- 7341612 TI - The effects of floor temperature, supplemental heat and drying at birth on neonatal swine. AB - The objective was to determine the effects of floor temperature (20 or 30 C), supplemental heat (heat lamp or light bulb) and drying at birth on piglet survival to day 5. Rectal and infrared skin temperatures were taken on 326 piglets for the first 8 hr postpartum. Blood samples were obtained at birth, day 2 and day 5 and analyzed for thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Weight of each pig was recorded at birth and on days 1, 2, and 5. Survival rates were monitored daily. It was postulated that piglets not dried at birth might have increased heat conservation because of vasoconstriction, which may increase the thermostability and survival of the neonate. Supplemental heat was the only treatment that increased rectal temperature after 3 hr postpartum. Skin temperature at 1/2 and 1 hr was increased by drying, and supplemental heat resulted in elevated skin temperatures from 5 to 8 hr postpartum. Plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated at 2 days of age among pigs not given supplemental heat, but no differences were detected at 5 days of age. Plasma T4 concentrations at 5 days of age were lower among male pigs, pigs on the 30 C floor and pigs given supplemental heat. No significant treatment effects were noted in T3 values at day 5. Pig weights and survival rate at 5 days of age were influenced by the interaction of floor temperature and drying pigs at birth. Pigs dried at birth and kept on the 20 C floor were heavier than those on the 30 C floor, whereas those not dried and kept on the 20 C floor weighed less than those on the 30 C floor. The rate of survival was significantly lower among pigs dried at birth and kept on the 20 C floor than among those not dried and on the 30 C floor (80.9 vs 97.2%), while drying had no effect on survival rate among pigs on the 30 C floor (94.5 vs 93.1%). PMID- 7341613 TI - Comparison of two forms and two levels of lasalocid with monensin on feedlot cattle performance. AB - One growth and two finishing trials were conducted with beef steers to compare lasalocid sodium and monensin sodium. Pure lasalocid, mycelia-cake lasalocid and monensin, each added individually to commercial protein supplement blocks at 880 mg/kg, depressed (P greater than .05) block intake so that approximately 100 mg of each additive were consumed daily by each animal. Daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency for steers receiving blocks containing additives did not differ from the corresponding measures for steers receiving control blocks. No differences were observed in diet dry matter digestibility, as determined with acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Both forms of lasalocid and monensin reduced (P greater than .05) the incidence and concentration of coccidia oocysts. By day 40, only one steer on each of the additive treatments was shedding oocysts (4.2% of additive-supplemented animals), compared with 41.5% of the control steers. During trial 2, steers fed pure lasalocid gained faster and more efficiently (P greater than .05) than those fed the mycelia-cake lasalocid, monensin or control diets. The improvement in feed efficiency over the control value was 10.0, 3.4 and 4.0% with pure lasalocid, mycelia-cake lasalocid and monensin, respectively (P greater than .05). Steers fed mycelia-cake lasalocid had higher (P greater than .05) dressing percentages than those fed pure lasalocid or monensin. Dressing percentage was the only carcass measurement affected. In trial 3, lasalocid at 30 and 45 g/ton and monensin at 30 g/ton improved (P greater than .05) feed efficiency by 7.5, 11.0 and 8.2%, respectively. No significant differences in incidence or concentration of oocysts were observed between treatment groups in trial 3, probably because steers were in slatted floor pens. PMID- 7341614 TI - Effects of butylene and propylene glycols on body composition and fatty acid synthetase in lambs. AB - To test whether lipogenesis is limited by lack of glucose precursors, 45 lambs (30 kg) were randomly grouped by sex and initial weight and fed ad libitum in pens of three in a growth and slaughter experiment. The diets consisted of a basal mixed chopped hay (C), hay + 4% butylene glycol (BD) and hay + 4% propylene glycol (PG). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein content and in vitro true digestibility of the hay were 9.6 and 64%, respectively. Growth and feed intake were recorded. After 13 weeks, the lambs were killed. Blood glucose concentrations, feed intake and weight gains did not differ between diets, but intake and weight gains were minimal. BD increased (P greater than .01) blood ketones. Perirenal adipose tissue fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity averaged 2.6, 2.4 and 1.2 nmole NADPH oxidized/mg cytosol protein/min for the BD, PG and C lambs, respectively. Values for both glycol-fed groups were higher (P greater than .01) than the control value. Carcass chemical composition followed a similar pattern, with BD, PG and C carcasses containing 38.1, 39.2 and 35.8% dry matter, respectively, and the dry matter containing 36.6, 39.4 and 30.0% fat, respectively. Carcasses of the BD and PG lambs did not differ significantly from each other, but both groups had more (P greater than .05) fat and less (P greater than .05) protein and ash than did the C carcasses, suggesting that the chemical composition of lamb carcasses may be nutritionally manipulated. The essentially equal response of adipose FAS activity and carcass fat in lambs fed PG and lambs fed BD indicates that the inclusion of glucogenic substances did not promote lipogenesis in these lambs fed at or slightly above maintenance. PMID- 7341615 TI - Effects of maternal starvation on some blood metabolites, liver glycogen, birth weight and survival of piglets. AB - Pregnant crossbred sows were assigned to three treatments during the third trimester of gestation for an evaluation of the effects of maternal starvation on fetal development and piglet survival. Two groups of sows were taken off feed (water and trace mineralized salt only) on days 93 and 107 of gestation, respectively; the third group was fed 1.82 kg of complete sow diet/day and served as the control. Litter size, gestation length and pig birth weight in the 7-day and 21-day starvation groups were not different from those in the control group (P less than .05). Liver weight was depressed (P greater than .05) among the 7 day and 21-day progeny. However, liver glycogen concentrations and total liver glycogen were unaffected. Maternal blood glucose decreased to a fasting but steady level, while free fatty acid (FFA) increased in the two starved groups. Blood glucose and FFA at birth were similar for all treatment groups; however, FFA increased in the progeny of sows in the 7-day (P greater than .05) and 21-day (P greater than .01) starvation groups at 48 hr of age. Blood glucose at 48 hr did not vary (P less than .05), but the control progeny showed a faster glucose utilization, suggesting a greater dependence on carbohydrate metabolism than in the progeny of starved dams. Survival rate at 72 hr of age was higher among 21 day (43.8%) and 7-day (37.5%) progeny than among control progeny (8.5%). The increased plasma FFA level observed with fasting in the progeny of starved dams might indicate a shift toward lipid metabolism, which would account for the improved survival observed among the progeny of treated dams. PMID- 7341616 TI - Anthelmintic activity of albendazole against adult Metastrongylus apri in artificially infected swine. AB - Three groups of five pigs experimentally infected with lungworm larvae (Metastrongylus apri) were treated with albendazole at 5, 7.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight at 35 days postinfection. The albendazole was administered in the feed. Anthelmintic efficacy, as determined by comparison of postmortem lungworm counts for the treated animals and five infected, untreated controls, was 32.6% at 5 mg/kg, 44.3% at 7.5 mg/kg and 60.7% at 10 mg/kg. The 60.7% reduction in lungworms was statistically different at the 5% level of significance. In a second experiment, three groups of five pigs experimentally infected with lungworm larvae (Metastrongylus apri) were treated continuously for 5 days with albendazole in the feed at 10, 20 or 30 ppm, starting at 35 days postinfection. The anthelmintic efficacy, again determined by comparison of postmortem lungworm counts for the treated pigs and five infected, untreated controls, was 99.2% at 10 ppm, 99.9% at 20 ppm and 100% at 30 ppm. These mean reductions from the control values were significant (P greater than .01). PMID- 7341617 TI - Nutrient digestibility and performance of pigs fed sorghums varying in tannin concentration. AB - Four sorghums, ranging widely in tannin content, and yellow corn were evaluated in two 5 x 5 Latin square digestion trials and a growth trial. All grains were grown in the same field under similar conditions. The sorgums and their tannin contents (milligrams of catechin/100 mg of dry matter, as determined by a modified vanillin-HCl method) were: Ga615, 3.40; NK300, 3.17; TAM680, .83, and G766-W, .88. Diets were supplemented with casein to provide .70 and .60% lysine in digestion trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, conducted with noncannulated, 25-kg pigs, digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and N averaged for the low tannin sorghums (TAM680 and G766-W) were higher (P greater than .01) than the corresponding digestibilities averaged for the high tannin sorghums (Ga615 and NK300). N balance data indicated that utilization of absorbed N was not reduced in pigs fed the high tannin sorghums. Corn and the low tannin sorghums had similar digestibilities. In trial 2, conducted with 50-kg pigs fitted with T-cannulas at the terminal ileum, digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy, N and all amino acids again averaged higher (P greater than .01) for the low tannin sorghums than for the high tannin sorghums, whether measured at the end of the small intestine or over the total digestive tract. The one exception was methionine digestibilities at the terminal ileum, which did not differ between the high and low tannin sorghums. Among the amino acids, digestibilities of glycine, proline and histidine appeared to be the most depressed in the high tannin sorghums, as compared to the low tannin sorghums. Digestibilities of most nutrients were higher for NK300 than Ga615, suggesting a difference in type of tannin, or other compound, between grains. Corn and the low tannin sorghums, averaged together, had similar digestibilities for most nutrients. In the growth trial, 10 pigs, individually fed form 20 to 94 kg, received grain-soybean meal diets based on each grain except NK300. Gains were not affected by diet, but feed consumption was 9% higher (P greater than.05) and feed efficiency 10% (P greater than .01) poorer for pigs fed Ga615 than for those fed low tannin sorghums. Performance was similar (P greater than .10) for animals fed the low tannin sorghums and those fed corn. PMID- 7341618 TI - Luteinizing hormone secretion before and after ovariectomy in prepubertal and pubertal beef heifers. AB - The effects of sham ovariectomy (SOVX) or ovariectomy (OVX) on (1) basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, (2) number of LH peaks per hour and (3) magnitude of LH peaks were determined in prepubertal and pubertal beef heifers. Basal LH concentrations were not influenced by SOVX of prepubertal or pubertal heifers. However, after OVX, basal LH concentrations increased between 168 and 192 hr in prepubertal heifers and between 72 and 80 hr in pubertal heifers. The number of LH peaks per hour was not influenced by SOVX but OVX caused an increase in the number in both prepubertal and pubertal heifers, and the increase occurred sooner after OVX in pubertal than in prepubertal heifers. The magnitude of LH peaks was similar for both prepubertal and pubertal heifers prior to SOVX and OVX. Magnitude of LH peaks was unchanged after SOVX in prepubertal and pubertal heifers, but increased within the first 24 hr after OVX in pubertal heifers and within 168 to 192 hr after OVX in prepubertal heifers. These data indicate that inhibition of LH secretion by ovaries occurred in both prepubertal and pubertal beef heifers. The time-related differences between prepubertal and pubertal heifers in basal LH concentrations, number of LH peaks per hour and magnitude of the LH peaks after OVX may reflect a difference in endocrine environment in these two reproductive states. However, this hypothesis was not tested in this experiment. PMID- 7341619 TI - Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone in bulls during exposure to elevated ambient temperature. AB - Eight mature Angus bulls were used to evaluate the effects of exposure to 34 C on concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone before and after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). After a 3-week period of adjustment at 22 C, the bulls were randomly assigned to either a control (22 +/- 1 C) or a heat stress ( 34 +/- 1C) treatment for 15 days. Blood was sampled via jugular cannula at 30-min intervals for 12 hr on days -2, 6 and 15 of treatment. After the 12 hr sampling period, 200 micrograms of GnRH were rapidly infused and blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 1 hr and then at 30-min intervals for 5 hours. Average serum LH concentrations, the areas under 12 hr LH profiles and the magnitude of episodic releases of LH were reduced (P greater than .05) in heat stressed bulls on day 6 of treatment, but only average LH concentration was reduced (P greater than .10) on day 15. Average serum testosterone concentrations, the areas under 12-hr testosterone profiles and the number and magnitude of testosterone secretory spikes were similar for heat stressed and control bulls on day 6 of treatment. However, serum testosterone concentrations were slightly reduced (P greater than .13) after 15 days of heat stress. Testosterone and LH responses to GnRH infusion were not influenced by heat stress. These results indicate that exposure of bulls to increased ambient temperatures causes a transitory reduction in serum LH concentrations after 6 days of exposure but that serum testosterone is not significantly altered. PMID- 7341620 TI - Effects of monensin on site and extent of whole corn digestion and bacterial protein synthesis in beef steers. AB - Monensin was fed at 0 and 33 ppm in a crossover trial designed to determine the effect of this compound on ruminal and postruminal utilization of a corn-based diet and bacterial protein synthesis in abomasally fistulated steers. Monensin decreased (P greater than .10) ruminal true digestion of organic matter (OMc, corrected for bacterial cell synthesis) and apparent ruminal digestion of starch by 19%, but had not effect on apparent total tract digestion of OM or starch. Apparent ruminal and total tract digestibilities of crude protein (CP) were unchanged. Monensin decreased (P greater than .07) the contribution of bacterial N to total abomasal N (52 vs 58%), and increased (P greater than .06) the contribution of ruminally undegraded feed N (46 vs 40%), but had not effect on total N or amino acids recovered from the abomasum. Efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis (grams bacterial CP/100 g ruminally digested OMc) was unchanged. Monensin decreased (P greater than .05) the fraction of bacterial N to total N digested postruminally (42 vs 50%) and increased (P greater than .05) the contribution of ruminally undegraded feed N digested postruminally (58 vs 50%). Monensin caused a greater proportion of feed N and starch to be digested in the intestines than in the rumen (with possibly greater resultant metabolic efficiency), and this may account for some of the benefits obtained from feeding this compound with high grain diets. PMID- 7341621 TI - Ammonia treatment of corn plant residues: digestibilities and growth rates. AB - Two lamb digestion trials and two steer growth trials were conducted to evaluate NH3 treatment of cornstalks and cobs. In digestion trial 1, cornstalks were treated to contain 0, 2, 3 or 4 g NH3/100 g dry matter (DM); DM intake of lambs increased (P greater than .05) with increasing levels of NH3 (from 398 to 997 g). DM digestibility (DMD) increased (p greater than .05) from 36.8 to 47.0% with 2% NH3 but did not increase further with 3 or 4% NH3. In digestion trial 2, 3% NH3 treated cornstalks produced higher (P greater than .01) DMD, DM intake and cell wall digestibility than untreated cornstalks. No positive associative effects on DMD were observed from the addition of 50% alfalfa to treated stalks, but DM intake showed positive associative effects (P greater than .01). Steers fed stalklage harvested shortly after the harvest of high moisture grain gained more weight per day (P greater than .05) but were not more efficient (P less than .10) than steers fed stalklage harvested 1 month after grain harvest. NH3 treatment of stalklage did not improve rate or efficiency of gain over that obtained with the corresponding untreated stalklage (P less than .10). Steers fed 3% NH3-treated corn cobs gained .72 kg/day, compared with .39 kg/day for steers fed untreated cobs. DM intake increased (P greater than .05) from 4.22 kg/day for steers fed untreated cobs to 7.17 kg/day for steers fed 3% NH3 cobs. PMID- 7341622 TI - Testicular development and establishment of spermatogenesis in Holstein bulls. AB - Fifty-two Holstein bulls were castrated at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 or 32 weeks to (1) determine whether testicular development is influenced by season of birth (April or October) and (2) examine quantitatively the establishment of spermatogenesis. Season of birth (spring or fall) did not influence (P less than .05) either testis weight at castration or the establishment of spermatogenesis. With age held constant, scrotal circumference and testis weight were correlated (.79; p less than .05). Testis weight increased from 9 +/- 1 g at 12 weeks to 117 +/- 10 g at 32 weeks of age. Seminiferous tubules occupied 44% of the testicular parenchyma at 12 weeks and 81% at 32 weeks. Differentiation of basal indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli cells started at 20 weeks, and formation of Sertoli cells was completed near 28 weeks. Gonocytes predominated at 12 weeks, but by 20 weeks most had been replaced by prespermatogonia and A-spermatogonia. Thus, transformation from a prepubertal testis to a pubertal testis containing Sertoli cells and A-spermatogonia occurred between 16 and 24 weeks (testis weight = 18 to 42 g). Preleptotene to diplotene spermatocytes appeared sequentially between 16 and 28 weeks and their numbers increased through 32 weeks. Significant numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids were not present before 28 and 32 weeks, respectively. Establishment of spermatogenesis was completed by 32 weeks (testis weight less than 80 g). Testes weighing less than 80 g were producing few if any sperm. Thus, the establishment of spermatogenesis was progressive, associated with more than a fourfold increase in testis weight, and occurred over a period of about 16 weeks. PMID- 7341623 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase, serum isocitrate dehydrogenase and clinical chemistry changes during thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in a calf. AB - Our previous studies showed that polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) induced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in dairy cattle but did not elevate hepatic cytosolic ornithine decarboxylase or serum isocitrate dehydrogenase. These enzymes would be expected to increase during hepatotoxic injury and regeneration. Thus, PBB appeared to be a hepatotoxin in rats but not in cattle. In order to identify and confirm the response capability of bovine liver to hepatotoxins, we administered thioacetamide, a hepatotoxin known to induce hepatonecrosis, to a dairy calf. A progression of clinical signs of toxicosis was evident until the animal was moribund by 23 hr postdosing. Histolopathologic alterations in the liver included centrilobular necrosis with congestion and subcapsular microhemmorrhage. Marked changes in serum protein profiles were not noted. However, distinct increases in serum Fe and bilirubin occurred with progressing toxicosis, as did sharp declines in glucose and triglycerides. Serum lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase were elevated. Elevation of ornithine decarboxylase was dramatic when compared to the level in normal fetal bovine liver. From studies of its kinetic properties, bovine liver ornithine decarboxylase appears to have an apparent Km for ornithine decarboxylase of .45 mM. Liver homogenates from PBB treated animals did not form inhibitors to ornithine decarboxylase. Compared with the thioacetamide-treated calf, the normal adult bovine, pregnant adult and 6 month fetus had relative activities of .2 .4 and 5.8%, respectively. These studies show that ornithine decarboxylase is low in liver of normal cattle, but is elevated markedly by agents that cause hepatonecrosis. PMID- 7341624 TI - [Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium of various inbred strains of mice. II. On the cases with subcutaneous infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341625 TI - [Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium of C3H/He mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341626 TI - [The epidemiological phenomenon on decreasing tendency of leprosy disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341627 TI - Photographic mounting boards and adhesives--what to look for. PMID- 7341628 TI - One thousand and one--producing synchronized slide and videotape productions. PMID- 7341629 TI - Selective illuminator for radiographs. PMID- 7341630 TI - Practical comparison of highly regarded developers. PMID- 7341631 TI - A systematic approach to medical motion picture production. PMID- 7341632 TI - The effects of some dopamine antagonists on cholinergic mechanisms in the guinea pig ileum. AB - 1. Activation of prejunctional muscarinic and opiate receptors on cholinergic neurones of the guinea-pig ileum by acetylcholine (ACh) or morphine was seen as an inhibition of twitch responses to transmural electrical stimulation. These inhibitory responses were antagonised by metoclopramide and DL308-IT but no other antagonist used blocked the morphine responses apart from sulpiride in very high concentrations (100 muM and above). 2 Prejunctional and postjunctional responses to ACh on the guinea-pig ileum were measured in the presence of increasing concentrations of some muscarinic and dopamine antagonists. Atropine, hyoscine, chlorpromazine, cis-flupenthixol and thioridazine showed no selectivity in their antagonism of either response to ACh. Benzhexol selectivity antagonised the postjunctional response whereas metoclopramide and DL308-IT showed greater selectivity for the prejunctional effect which they antagonised competitively. Sulpiride, a compound chemically related to metoclopramide, blocked neither the prejunctional nor postjunctional ACh responses. Clozapine antagonised the postjunctional ACh responses whilst apparently potentiating the prejunctional inhibition by ACh. 3 It was concluded that pharmacological differences may exist between prejunctional and postjunctional muscarinic receptors for ACh and that the antipsychotic actions of dopamine antagonists are unlikely to involve blockade of prejunctional ACh or opiate receptors. PMID- 7341633 TI - Why a journal of autonomic pharmacology? PMID- 7341634 TI - Effects on blood pressure of noradrenaline and isoprenaline administered into the third ventricle of the brain of anaesthetized and conscious cats. AB - 1 Noradrenaline administered into the third ventricle of the brain (IIIv) of both conscious and anaesthetized cats induced increases in blood pressure accompanied by small and variable heart rate effects. The pressor responses were reduced after autonomic ganglion blockade indicating their likely central origin. 2 Noradrenaline when administered either into a lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) in conscious and anaesthetized cats or into the cisterna magna (i.c.) in anaesthetized cats induced falls in blood pressure accompanied by bradycardia. 3 Pressor responses to IIIv noradrenaline in conscious cats were partly blocked by either propranolol or thymoxamine indicating a possible involvement in the responses of excitatory adrenoreceptors of both alpha and beta types. 4 Pressor responses induced by IIIv isoprenaline in conscious cats were blocked by propranolol but not by thymoxamine suggesting the effect is mediated solely via excitatory beta-adrenoreceptors. 5 In anaesthetized cats prior i.c. administration of noradrenaline reduced the pressor responses induced by IIIv noradrenaline. 6 In conscious cats i.v. clonidine reduced pressor responses to IIIv noradrenaline without depressing peripheral vascular noradrenaline sensitivity. 7 The results suggest the involvement of excitatory and inhibitory alpha-adrenoreceptors and of excitatory beta-adrenoreceptors in central blood pressure control. It is also concluded that activation of inhibitory alpha adrenoreceptors in the hind brain region can suppress the cardiovascular effects of stimulating excitatory alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors located in the region of the third ventricle. PMID- 7341635 TI - Factors influencing the magnitude and duration of responses to endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline in rabbit pulmonary artery and portal vein. AB - 1 In the rabbit portal veins, cocaine potentiated responses to (-)-noradrenaline, and prolonged relaxation following transmural stimulation. Neither process was altered by hydrocortisone and U-0521, oxytetracycline or 4-aminopyridine alone or in combination with cocaine. These findings indicated that neuronal uptake was principally responsible for the inactivation of noradrenaline in this tissue. 2 In the rabbit pulmonary artery, the rate of relaxation following transmural stimulation was prolonged by cocaine and by hydrocortisone and U-0521, and further prolonged by the combination of all three drugs. These findings suggest that both neuronal and extra-neuronal uptake are responsible for the inactivation of noradrenaline in this tissue. 3 4-Aminopyridine potentiated responses to (-) noradrenaline and prolonged relaxation after transmural stimulation in pulmonary artery possibly as a consequence of a postjunctional action in this tissue. 4 The rabbit portal vein was less sensitive to (-)-noradrenaline and relaxed more after transmural stimulation than the pulmonary artery. It is suggested that this reflects the denser noradrenergic innervation and smaller neuromuscular distance present in the portal vein. PMID- 7341636 TI - The influence of benserazide on changes in monoamine oxidase activity in some rat tissues following treatment with L-DOPA. AB - 1. This study was designed to see whether or not increases in monoamine oxidase (MAO) specific activity that follow chronic treatment of rats with L dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) could be modified by benserazide (Ro 4-4602), an inhibitor of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and to compare the properties of the increased MAO activity with those of control animals. 2. Male wistar rats were treated with L-DOPA (250 mg/kg) and benserazide (40 mg/kg) either alone or in combination for 10 days. 3. The activity of MAO in homogenates of heart, kidney, liver and brain was measured with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and benzylamine (BZ). 4. The significant increases in MAO specific activity seen in heart and kidney following L-DOPA treatment could be reduced or prevented by benserazide. 5. Use of the selective MAO inhibitor clorgyline showed that the increases in MAO specific activity, when measured with either 5-HT or BZ were due to an increase in the number of active centres of MAO-A, in the rat heart. 6. There was a significant increase in the Vmax of the enzyme reaction with 5-HT, in the rat heart and kidney homogenates. 7. It is concluded that L-DOPA increases the specific activity of MAO-A in rat heart and kidney as a result of its decarboxylation. PMID- 7341637 TI - Tenth International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. St. Louis, Missouri, USA, June 19-23, 1981. PMID- 7341638 TI - Retardative effects of a corticosteroid hormone upon chondrocyte growth in the mandibular condyle of neonatal mice. AB - This study examined the influence of triamcinolone hexacetonide, a long-acting synthetic analog of cortisol on the proliferative activity and subsequent development of chondroprogenitor cells in condylar cartilage of neonatal mice. It became evident that a single injection of relatively low doses of the hormone significantly reduced the uptake and incorporation of [3H]thymidine followed by a significant decrease in the number of young cartilage cells. A unique feature was the fact that at the same time condyles of triamcinolone-treated mice revealed an increase in the number of mesenchyme-like cells within the condylar chondroprogenitor zone. High values of correlation were noted between the inhibitory effects of the hormone upon the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, the number of mitotic figures (within the chondroprogenitor zone), and the dimension of the chondroblastic zone. This study indicates that in young animals fluorinated corticosteroid hormones possess a significant bivalent inhibitory effect upon both the proliferative activity of chondroprogenitor cells as well as upon capacity of the latter cells to differentiate into chondroblasts. In so doing, corticosteroids adversely affect the normal process of endochondral bone formation in one of the prominent growth centers within the craniofacial skeleton. Thus, in the developing animal, corticosteroids impair the growing mandible from expressing its inherent morphogenetic pattern. PMID- 7341639 TI - New clinical observations in the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome. AB - Two unrelated Jewish families are reported with new clinical and radiographic findings observed in the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS). These new observations are mainly of a skeletal nature and emphasize the wide range of expressivity found in the TRPS. Furthermore, these bony defects along with the characteristic hair changes suggest that the basic defect in this syndrome involves some developmental alteration in the normal growth and maturation of bone and hair. PMID- 7341640 TI - A simple photographic method for demonstration of skeletal features in teratological studies. PMID- 7341641 TI - Trisomy 7 mosaicism and manifestations of Goldenhar syndrome with unilateral radial hypoplasia. AB - We describe a girl born to a mother who took birth control pills and antihistamines during the first trimester of pregnancy. Congenital abnormalities included plagiocephaly, abnormalities of left ear, facial asymmetry, abnormalities of head hair pattern, cleft lip and palate, bifid tongue, left torticollis, hemivertebrae, left radial hypoplasia and absent thumb, left inguinal hernia, patient ductus arteriosus, narrowing of the thoracic aorta, and hypoplastic right pulmonary artery. The karyotype obtained from peripheral lymphocytes and from fibroblasts from the left side of the body was 46XX whereas fibroblasts from the right side revealed 46XX/47XX+7 mosaicism. PMID- 7341642 TI - Folate deficiency and in vitro palatogenesis I: effects of a folate-deficient culture on rabbit palate fusion and folate pools. AB - Folate compounds are essential for nucleic acid metabolism and data from in vitro experiments have shown that folatee deficiency during pregnancy induced by dietary deprivation or folate antagonists is teratogenic. The craniofacial complex is a main target of this teratogen, with the lip and palate being especially vulnerable. The direct effect of folate deficiency on a target teratogenic tissue was, therefore, examined in vitro using fetal rabbit palates in an organ culture system. Folate pool sizes in the palates on the 4 days preceding fusion were determined by competitive binding assay. There was a sharp decrease in folate levels from 2.63 +/- 0.86 ng/mg wet wt on Day 15 of gestation to 1.23 +/- 0.35 ng/mg on Day 16 and 0.59 +/- 0.12 ng/mg on Day 17. The folat pool size on Day 14 was found to be quite variable with a mean of 1.93 ng/mg wet wt. Comparable results were obtained when the folate pool sizes were expressed as nanograms of folate per milligram of protein. The effect of a folate-deficiency culture medium on in vitro fusion and folate pool sizes was examined. The results of incubating palatal shelves excised on Days 14, 15, 16, and 17 of gestation for 5, 4, 3, and 2 days, respectively, show that a folate-depleted medium neither prevented nor delayed fusion. An examination of the palatal pool size after incubation in folate-deficient media revealed that while there was some decrease in folate levels, the palates apparently retained sufficient folate to support cellular activity. PMID- 7341643 TI - Roentgencephalometric analysis of craniofacial growth in the Johanson-Blizzard syndrome. AB - Two male patients with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome are presented. Radiocephalometry of the craniofacial complex disclosed findings previously unreported. The radiographic observations, extending from age 6 months to 5 years of age in one case, revealed a decelerating growth pattern with minimal effect on the neurocranium, but with greater effect on facial growth. Maxillary growth was more severely retarded than mandibular growth. The phenotypic characteristics related to growth retardation are age dependent in the severity of their expression. PMID- 7341644 TI - Roentgencephalometric analysis of cerebral gigantism: report of four patients. AB - Roentgencephalometric investigation of four patients (three male, one female) with cerebral gigantism (Soto syndrome) demonstrated that both the neurocranium and facial skeleton are increased in size. The recessed flat facies characteristic of the syndrome can be attributed to the increased anterior cranial base length and frontal bossing combined with relative retroposition of the maxilla. Mandibular body length was increased but ramal height was within normal limits. The obtuse gonial angle added to the effective length of the mandible. The backward rotation of the mandible resulting from the obtuse gonial angle contributed to increased lower face height. PMID- 7341645 TI - [3H]glucosamine and [3H]proline radioautography of embryonic mouse dental basement membrane. AB - [3H]proline and [3H]glucosamine radioautography was performed to analyze the labeling pattern of mouse embryonic dental basement membrane before and during odontoblast terminal differentiation. Sixteen- and eighteen-day-old first lower molars and trypsin-isolated enamel organs, as well as EDTA-isolated dental papillae, were used. Continuous labeling for 12 to 24 hr was required with [3H]proline to obtain a clear labeling of epithelial-mesenchymal junction in intact tooth germs or accumulation of surface label in trypsin-isolated enamel organs. With [3H]glucosamine, after 6-hr labeling, the epithelial-mesenchymal junction was heavily labeled and the trypsin-isolated enamel organs accumulated substantial amounts of surface label, corresponding to the redeposited basement membrane. At Day 16 stage, these labels always had a uniform distribution and decreased during chase without any redistribution. At Day 18 stage, when the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts occurred the label accumulated in a unique pattern: much more label was at the epithelial surface corresponding to the top of the cusps than in the apical parts. During chase and only in intact tooth germs epithelial surfaces which had labeled poorly during pulse became labeled, but those labeling heavily during pulse lost label. This pattern existed only in the presence of mesenchyme. EDTA treatment of [3H]glucosamine-labeled teeth enabled us to obtain isolated dental papillae with surface label. Distribution of this label was exactly the same as that for the epithelial mesenchymal junction of intact teeth. During chase, these dental papillae completely lost the surface label. The mesenchyme seen to control the synthesis and/or the degradation of epithelially derived [3H]glucosamine-labeled material. PMID- 7341646 TI - Instructional case. Congenital hip dislocation. PMID- 7341648 TI - Neuromuscular studies in clubfoot. AB - The fundamental pathology in rigid clubfoot appears to be a neuromuscular defect. In order to test this hypothesis, 90 muscle biopsies were obtained from the posteromedial, peroneal, and some intrinsic muscles at surgical correction of 13 clubfoot patients. All were examined ultrastructurally, and 48 biopsies in nine of these patients were studied using enzyme specific histochemical stains at the light microscopic level. Neuromuscular junctions were isolated in the latter group. Consistent ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in all specimens. Histochemistry revealed a dominant Type I fiber population and Type I fiber grouping. A correlated increase in Type I neuromuscular junctions occurred in these areas. Since these changes are recognized as being neurogenically determined, a neuromuscular abnormality may be significant in the etiology of clubfoot. PMID- 7341647 TI - Freeze-dried fascia lata allografts: a review of 47 cases. AB - Fascia lata used to connect bony structures can provide stability while maintaining mobility. Experience with reconstituted freeze-dried allogeneic fascia used in 56 patients was reviewed, including ankle, hip, and shoulder suspensions, plus ligament and tendon repairs. Follow-up was available in 47 patients with 51 fascial grafts whose ages ranged from 2 to 58 years (mean, 19.2 years). Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 16 years with a mean of 7.2 years. Results were good in 72%, fair in 20%, and poor in 8%. Allograft fascia did not stretch out with time in these cases. Preserved fascia can provide satisfactory clinical results, thus eliminating the need for collecting autogenous fascia. PMID- 7341649 TI - Surgical treatment of partial closure of the growth plate. AB - During the period from 1965 to 1980, 43 operations for partial closure of a growth plate were performed on 35 patients. Five of the operations were for recurrent partial closure. At operation, the bone bridge connecting epiphysis to metaphysis was removed and replaced with a free fat transplant as described by the author in 1967 and 1975. Of the operations, 18 were on the distal end of the femur and 13 on either end of the tibia. Closure was due to fracture in 28 growth plates and septic osteomyelitis in 8. Benefit from the procedure was questionable after 7 operations. All other operations resulted in restoration of growth and correction or prevention of deformity. The operation prevents deformation of the joint surface, an effect that cannot be achieved by osteotomy or leg lengthening. Deformity present before operation is often reduced by growth to a normal condition after the procedure. Age, location of the bone bridge, and its size influence the indication for the operation and its results. Free fat, as an interposition material, has some advantages compared to solid materials, which may require a second procedure for removal. PMID- 7341650 TI - Compartmental syndromes in children. AB - Compartmental syndromes are reported in 24 children after injuries and surgery. In these cases, increased tissue pressure compromised local perfusion and neuromuscular function. Compartmental syndromes occurred in the interosseous compartments of the hand, the volar and dorsal compartments of the forearm, and the four compartments of the leg. The most common etiologies were fracture, vascular injury, and tibial osteotomy. In many instances, clinical data were sufficient to establish the diagnosis. However, in young patients or in patients with neurologic or vascular injuries, tissue pressure measurement helped to resolve otherwise ambiguous findings. The most significant determinant of the quality of the end result was the duration of the compartmental syndrome prior to surgical decompression. We conclude that prompt diagnosis and decompression of compartmental syndromes can minimize the sequela from these conditions. PMID- 7341651 TI - Relocation of congenitally elevated scapula. AB - In the treatment of Sprengel's deformity, extraperiosteal greenstick fracture of the clavicle in conjunction with surgical release of all attachments between the scapula and the spine provides an easy, safe method of relocating the scapula to its normal level. The improved position is maintained by temporary fixation of the inferior border of the scapula to the eighth rib with slowly resorbable sutures. Section of the coracoclavicular ligaments, excision of the superior pole of the scapula, and suture fixation of the medial angle of the scapula to the spinous process of the fourth vertebra enables the procedure to be performed on patients until the age of puberty. This surgical technique has been performed in 28 consecutive patients with Sprengel's deformity, aged 4 to 19 years, without any neurovascular complications. A normal scapular position was achieved in 67% of cases, 1 to 2 cm elevation in 29%, and 5 cm in 4%. PMID- 7341653 TI - Efficacy of neonatal hip examination. AB - An examination of the ongoing neonatal hip screening program at the Vancouver General and Grace Hospitals in Vancouver, British Columbia, over a 9 1/2 year period revealed that of the 32,480 newborns examined, 321 (9.8 per 1,000 live births) had unstable hips. Treated immediately with abduction splintage, five of these children came to percutaneous adductor tenotomy and hip spica casts. There was one false-negative screening, and there were five children with unidentified acetabular dysplasia who presented within the first year of life. No child came to open reduction of the hip or innominate or femoral osteotomy. A standardized neonatal hip screening program would seem to significantly alter the natural history of the classic congenital dislocation of the hip but also seems unable to effectively screen out acetabular dysplasia. PMID- 7341652 TI - Innominate osteotomy for Perthes' disease. AB - Seventy children who underwent innominate osteotomy for Perthes' disease were reviewed. They had been subjected to this surgery because they were considered to have a poor prognosis as indicated by age, Catterall grading, and by the presence of uncovering of the femoral head. The period of follow-up ranged from 2 to 11 years and averaged 4.3 years. The clinical results were satisfactory. The radiological results were graded (using the Sundt criteria) as good in 54%, fair in 19%, and poor in 27%. Seven children developed postoperative stiffness sufficient to require hospitalization; usually these and the children with a poor result had been subjected to late surgery and had significant hip irritability or femoral head deformity preoperatively. Based on this analysis, our indication for innominate osteotomy is for a child, over the age of 6 years, with the greater part of the femoral head affected by the disease and uncovering of the femoral head. The surgery should be performed within 8 months of presentation. PMID- 7341656 TI - A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of growth arrest by stapling. PMID- 7341654 TI - Septic shoulders in children. AB - A review was carried out on nine children who were diagnosed and treated for septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint at the University of California, San Diego affiliated hospitals. Eight of the nine patients were under 18 months of age at the time of diagnosis. Three patients had a history of antecedent trauma, and four had a previous or concurrent source of infection. The longest delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 30 days with the majority being diagnosed within 4 days of onset. Laboratory findings revealed a mean white blood cell count of 17,400 and a mean temperature of 39.3 degrees C. The sedimentation rate was always greater than 30 mm and averaged nearly 60 mm in these nine patients. Joint cultures were positive for a variety of organisms. Early radiographic findings often demonstrated widening of the joint space. Associated osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus was present in five of nine patients. Once the diagnosis has been established by aspiration, we recommend arthrotomy. Important aspects of the surgery include drainage of the joint and bicipital recess, and drilling of the proximal humeral metaphysis to rule out osteomyelitis or to more adequately decompress the bone. PMID- 7341655 TI - An evaluation of nuclear scanning in orthopaedic infections. AB - Making a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis in its early stages if often difficult but is extremely important if one is to reduce the morbidity of these diseases. Nuclear scintigraphy has been proposed as a means of making this early diagnosis with an accuracy rate in the literature that has varied from 85 to 100%. We reviewed 35 patients with osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis who had had nuclear scanning as a part of their initial workup. While we found a 77% accuracy rate, we found three false positives and five false negatives. In order to interpret the scintigraphic results of nuclear imaging accurately, one must be familiar with the mechanisms, both biochemical and physiological, that affect the variable uptake of the nuclear agents employed. Both "hot" and "cold" scans may have multiple causes. PMID- 7341657 TI - Hip spica application for the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 7341658 TI - Antitumor component(s) of yogurt: fractionation. AB - Two methods of fractionation were employed to separate antitumor component(s) from yogurt. First, yogurt was separated by dialysis. Although feeding of the dialyzate fraction to mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells resulted in 32.9% inhibition of tumor cell counts and 23.5 to 26.3% reduction of deoxynucleic acid content of ascitic fluid, feeding of the yogurt retentate did not reduce tumor proliferation. Second, an aqueous fraction of yogurt was prepared by removal of the ether soluble matter. Administration of aqueous fraction at 2 mg/mouse intravenously resulted in 25.1 to 32.3% less cell growth whereas intraperitoneal inoculation resulted in only 15.0 to 15.9% reduced tumor proliferation. Antitumor activity may be due to a component(s) with a molecular weight less than or equal to 14,000, and it presumably is not bound chemically to any larger compound because it could be separated by dialysis. PMID- 7341659 TI - Regulation of volatile fatty acid uptake by mitochondrial acyl CoA synthetases of bovine liver. AB - Mitochondria of bovine liver contain acyl CoA synthetases necessary for the uptake of propionate, butyrate, and valerate whereas acetate is bound only weakly. Purification of these enzymes separated a distinct propionyl CoA synthetase highly specific for propionate and acrylate and a butyrate-activating fraction with broad substrate specificity for short and medium chain fatty acids. Evidence from kinetic studies and sucrose density centrifugation suggested that this latter fraction was composed of two enzymes, a butyryl CoA synthetase and a valeryl CoA synthetase. The apparent molecular weights of the propionyl, butyryl, and valeryl CoA synthetases were 72,000, 67,000, and 65,000. The Michaelis-Menten constants of propionyl CoA synthetase for propionate, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and coenzyme A were 1.3 x 10(-3)M, 1.3 x 10(-3)M, and 6.3 x 10(-4)M. Enzyme activity is regulated by the concentration of propionate in portal blood. Relative to propionyl, butyryl, or valeryl CoA synthetases little acetyl CoA synthetase could be demonstrated. In ruminants hepatic metabolism is such that use of acetate as an energy source is minimum. This ensures that an alternative energy source to glucose, as acetate units, will reach the extrahepatic tissues. Separation of a distinct propionyl CoA synthetase regulated by the concentration of propionate in portal blood is significant because a primary role of ruminant liver is to synthesize glucose from ruminally derived propionate. PMID- 7341660 TI - Effect of lasalocid or monensin on lactate production from in vitro rumen fermentation of various carbohydrates. AB - Lasalocid and monensin effectively reduced the lactate produced during in vitro fermentation of various sugars and ground grains with rumen fluid from either hay or grain-fed cattle. The minimum effective dose was 6 micrograms/ml. Both lasalocid and monensin at 6 micrograms/ml reduced the fermentation rate of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactate, mannose, ground corn, ground sorghum, and ground wheat, and raised the pH and substantially lowered lactate concentration compared with controls. Although both antibiotics decreased total lactate production, the proportion of D(-) lactate to L(+) lactate increased. Apparently both antibiotics were less inhibitory to the formation of D(-) than to L(+) lactate isomer. Lasalocid was more effective than monensin in inhibiting lactate production except when rumen fluid from grain-fed cattle was used in fermentation. PMID- 7341661 TI - Interrelationships with estrous behavior and conception in dairy cattle. AB - A total of 199 inseminations and estrous periods of lactating cows and heifers of breeding age were used to assess behavioral, productive, environmental, and hormonal events at first observation of estrus and those 12 h later with concurrent breeding efficiencies. Cattle were observed twice daily for estrus, and blood samples were collected at the initial observation of estrus (0 h) and at 12 h. Fifty-one percent of the cattle first were detected in estrus in the morning. Morning estrous activity was greater (11.4 mounts/h) than that first observed in the evening (7.6). Mean estrous activity declined from 9.4 mounts/h at 0 h to 1.6 mounts/h at 12 h. Older cows exhibited more mounting activity than younger animals at 0 h. Barn housed cattle exhibited more mounts/h during detection of estrus (11.2) than cattle housed primarily in free stalls (6.5) or pasture (5.4). Early estrous activity (0 h) was not affected by estradiol, progesterone, or luteinizing hormone. However, estradiol and progesterone did exert an influence on activity seen at late estrus (12 h). Glucose and urea at 0 and 12 h were similar. There were no significant correlations of glucose or urea of plasma with estrous activity or conception. Feed intake and milk production from 3 days prior to 3 days postestrus did not change. Season affected estrous activity and conception. Highest conception was associated with low progesterone at 12 h. PMID- 7341662 TI - Retinol esterification in lamb kidney. AB - Retinol esterification was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro in lamb kidney. Retinol labeled with hydrogen-3 injected into the renal artery of lambs appeared in the labeled retinyl ester fraction in the renal vein. Degree of tracer incorporation into retinyl esters increased with vitamin A intake. In homogenates, activity was concentrated in microsomes and enhanced fourfold by addition of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and coenzyme A to the incubation mixture. These findings suggest that the esterification is a function of fatty acyl coenzyme A:retinol acyl transferase. Renal esterification may play a role in retinol homeostasis. PMID- 7341663 TI - Value orientations in the intimate relationships of gay men. AB - A questionnaire study investigated the intimate relationships of 128 gay men. Most men said their current relationship was extremely close and personally satisfying. An analysis of their values concerning these relationships identified two distinct dimensions: dyadic attachment and personal autonomy. Relationship values appeared to be part of more general patterns of conservatism versus liberalness in men's attitudes. The importance men gave to attachment values was consistently related to features of their relationships, including love and intimacy, future expectations, sexual behavior and exclusivity, and reactions to breakups. In contrast, autonomy values appeared to have little impact on intimate relationships. Results are discussed in terms of men's sex-role socialization. PMID- 7341664 TI - Bisexuality: some comments on research and theory. AB - Though evidence suggests that bisexuals may outnumber homosexuals and that bisexuality is increasing, there is a paucity of research on this group. Further, because researchers have included large numbers of bisexuals as "homosexuals" in their studies of homosexuality, we cannot even be sure of what we know about homosexuals. The author examines a variety of issues: sex differences, life styles, discrimination, changes in sexual orientation over the life span, etc. Four beliefs about bisexuals are presented and examined: Bisexuality as: (1) real and natural, (2) transitory (the bisexual will become exclusive at the orientation opposite to his or her original orientation), and (4) homosexual denial. PMID- 7341665 TI - Sexual orientation stereotypy in the distortion of clinical judgment. AB - It has been suggested that if a person's sexual orientation is unconventional, their nonsexual psychological problems will be construed in sexual terms to a marked degree. An experiment is described in which undergraduates read a case study of a man troubled by depression, catastrophizing, heavy drinking, and other maladaptive behavior not obviously related to his sexuality. Half the subjects were told that the patient had had several extramarital affairs, exclusively with men; the others, affairs exclusively with women. Blind content analyses of subject responses revealed that when the man was described as having had homosexual involvements, he was more likely to receive a diagnosis of sexual deviation or have his nonsexual diagnosis justified on the basis of homosexuality, more likely to have his sexual or marital life investigated, and more likely to have his sexuality construed as important in the etiology of his nonsexual psychological problems. The authors' analogue findings confirm cautions voiced by previous researchers regarding predictable distortions to which clinicians may be susceptible in their interpretation of patient problems when homosexuality is part of the patient's past or present life-style. PMID- 7341666 TI - Misrepresentation, liberalism, and heterosexual bias in introductory psychology textbooks. AB - The present study investigated the content of 48 introductory psychology textbooks published over a five-year period (1975-1979) and recommended by publishing companies or psychology professors for use in Canadian universities. The findings indicated that for every one source of relevant information on homosexuality there were five sources of misrepresentative data that reflect a combination of misleading information, liberalism, and heterosexual bias. Textbook editors and authors have: (1) failed to address the rights and needs of gay people; (2) failed to document accurately the social changes associated with being gay; and (3) perpetuated societal stereotypes, thereby appearing to justify the prejudice and discrimination encountered by gay people in their daily lives. Guidelines for the discussion of lesbianism and male homosexuality in introductory psychology textbooks are proposed. PMID- 7341667 TI - Pseudotranssexualism: iatrogenic gender dysphoria. AB - Individuals who wish sexual reassignment can be classified according to clinical entities. It is essential to recognize which clinical entities promote gender dysphoria. A complication arising in the intensive psychotherapy of a woman unhappy with her biologic sex is presented. A 32-year-old homosexual woman entered treatment with a female therapist for depression. Despite occasional fantasies of impregnating her therapist, the patient at first demonstrated no gender dysphoria. When her therapist actually did become pregnant, however, the patient began consciously to wish that she herself were male and stigmatized her homosexuality. During a two-week separation in treatment, the patient actively sought sexual reassignment. The role of eroticized transference is discussed to explain the emergency of gender dysphoria. PMID- 7341668 TI - Medical and surgical risks in handballing: implications of an inadequate socialization process. AB - Handballing (fist fucking) has long been practiced by male homosexual partners with few evident consequences of a medically serious nature. In recent years, however, medical and surgical risks have risen as handballing has come to be practiced in groups. The potential for physical harm (e.g., rupture of the anal sphincter, perforation of the colon, the spread of anorectal and colon disease, and disturbance of heart rhythms due to vagovagal response), although widely understood, has not been studied statistically. Only three articles in medical journals have commented on the subject and then only as recorded observations. This article describes: (1) how club-sponsored social events function, (2) the medical and surgical risks to those who choose handballing as a sexual life style, and (3) the precautions to be taken if risks are to be minimized. PMID- 7341669 TI - Is homosexuality hormonally determined? AB - This paper suggest there is insufficient evidence to conclude that homosexuality has endocrine bases. The search for hormonal correlates occurs within a model that views homosexuality as a medical problem requiring biological explanations and a program of treatment or prevention. This search is heavily rooted in popular conceptions of gender-appropriate behavior, as well as in naive concepts of the significance of hormonal changes. Two kinds of hormonal study are considered here. Researchers may either (a) investigate hormone levels in adult populations or (b) investigate hypotheses of behavioral determination by prenatal hormones. Much of the latter information derives from animal studies, commonly on the laboratory rat. This paper questions the validity of assumptions underlying these studies--assumptions about the behavior of the laboratory rat itself and, more importantly, about the legitimacy of this animal as a model for human behavior. It is suggested that, although such hypotheses are naive, their current popularity arises from their potential role in "controlling" homosexuality. PMID- 7341670 TI - Are there gay genes? Sociobiology and homosexuality. AB - This paper considers recent hypotheses prepared by sociobiologists purportedly giving Darwinian evolutionary explanations of human homosexuality. Four models are considered: balanced superior heterozygote fitness, kin selection, parental manipulation, and homosexuality as a maladaptive side effect of intensive natural selection for superior male heterosexual behavior. The evidence for the models is reviewed, and their philosophical adequacy is considered in some depth. It is argued that although the models pass obvious methodological hurdles and meet other criteria, as yet, the evidence for their applicability is indecisive. PMID- 7341671 TI - Definition and meaning of sexual orientation. AB - This essay first examines the current discourse on homosexuality and shows how a "gay identity" has been forged within the doctrines and rituals of the gay liberation movement. This substantiation of the gay person is then linked to "the homosexual," created by medicine in the nineteenth century as one piece in a vast mosaic of sexual "perversions." Finally, it is argued that to depict sexuality as fixed, bifurcated states of sexual orientation, and to ignore the fact that erotic preference is labile and interpenetrated by elements of physicality, emotion, and fantasy, is to impede and even to misdirect research. PMID- 7341672 TI - The Bell and Weinberg study: future priorities for research on homosexuality. AB - The Bell and Weinberg Homosexualities study attempts to subject important prior studies on homosexuality to systematic large-sample retests and also to break new ground in our positive understanding of homosexuality. In this article, defects in prior studies are surveyed, and then the adequacy of Bell and Weinberg's work is subjected to methodological evaluation. Issues discussed include the validity of the MMPI Mf scale, questions of sample representativeness, whether "straights" can do adequate research on homosexuality, differences in heterosexual and homosexual sexuality, the role of subculture acculturation in homosexual psychological adjustment, and the use of cluster-analysis to generate typologies of homosexualities. PMID- 7341673 TI - Vaginal agenesis and the gonads. PMID- 7341674 TI - Memory factor in morbidity surveys. PMID- 7341675 TI - Effect of progestogen (lynoestrenol) on abnormal uterine bleeding. PMID- 7341676 TI - Evaluation of conservative and operative management of bleeding peptic ulcer. PMID- 7341677 TI - Evaluation of 2236 tubectomies. PMID- 7341679 TI - Perforated gangrenous cholecystitis. PMID- 7341678 TI - Gas cysts of intestine. PMID- 7341680 TI - Study of congenital malformation (present status). PMID- 7341681 TI - The role of synovial biopsy in tuberculosis synovitis knee. PMID- 7341682 TI - Serum Magnesium in liver diseases. PMID- 7341683 TI - Study of sociocultural aspect of tubectomy subjects. PMID- 7341684 TI - Neuropsychiatric toxicity of chloroquine. PMID- 7341685 TI - Echocardiography. PMID- 7341687 TI - Intussusception in adults. PMID- 7341686 TI - Complications of intramuscular injections in children. PMID- 7341688 TI - Diagnosis of leukaemia. PMID- 7341689 TI - Hemiplegia following scorpion sting. PMID- 7341690 TI - Eosinophilia as a result of rifampicin therapy. PMID- 7341691 TI - Ileosigmoid knotting. PMID- 7341692 TI - Accidental insertion of two Lippe's loops. PMID- 7341694 TI - [Experimental studies on anti-reflux effect of various operations for achalasia of the esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341693 TI - [Thymoma-clinical disorders and results of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341695 TI - [Surgical repair of complete atrioventricular canal with undivided common anterior leaflet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341697 TI - [Influence of open heart surgery on myocardial performance evaluation of early postoperative left ventricular function and its reserve by atrial pacing exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341696 TI - [A postoperative evaluation of Brock operation and open infundibulectomy for tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341698 TI - [Measurement of left ventricular output, ejection fraction, and end-diastolic volume by thermodilution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341699 TI - [Surgical results of transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341700 TI - [A follow-up study of 155 surgically treated patients with ventricular defect]. PMID- 7341702 TI - [Comparative study on methodology of myocardial protection--from energy-metabolic points of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341701 TI - [Myocardial preservation by pretreatment with drugs: experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341704 TI - [Two cases of cancer of the esophagus complicated with pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341703 TI - [Treatment of bacterial endocarditis by prosthetic valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341705 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome after surgery for atrial septal defect report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341706 TI - [Atypical bronchial carcinoid developing left atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341707 TI - [A case report of apico-aortic bypass graft for congenital aortic stenosis, with a special emphasis on our new method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341708 TI - [Eleven-year followup of the two patients with semilunar aortic valve homograft in the mitral position--evaluation of late results by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341709 TI - [The post-operative investigation of gastric cancer patients detected by mass survey examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341710 TI - [Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341711 TI - [An approach to magnetically controlled cancer chemotherapy. V. Preparation, properties and pharmacokinetics of microcapsules encased with magnetic particles and mitomycin C (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341712 TI - [Clinical significance of uterine body invasion in uterine cervical cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341713 TI - [Gastrectomy combined with splenectomy and immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341714 TI - [Is Cox's theory applicable to cancer survival analysis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341716 TI - [Cytological studies on early invading pictures in uterine cervical cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341715 TI - [Clinical effect of concomitant use of non-specific immunopotentiator on 172 cases of primary lung cancer (stage III, IV) treated with radiation combined with chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341718 TI - [Clinical and histopathological studies on the treatment of cervical erosion and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by the electrocauterization method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341717 TI - [Studies on estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341719 TI - [Clinical significations of G2-M stage partial synchronization on radiation therapies of uterine cervical carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341720 TI - Aswan nutriture survey. IV -- Diet intake and food habits. PMID- 7341721 TI - Isolation and identification of influenza virus strain A/duck/England from migrating birds to Egypt. 1976. PMID- 7341722 TI - The prevelance of toxoplasma antibodies in human females in the reproductive period at Cairo. PMID- 7341723 TI - Factors governing the use of child health services in suburban area in Egypt. PMID- 7341725 TI - Factors affecting epidemiology of ancylostoma duodenal. PMID- 7341724 TI - Serological types and antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 7341726 TI - Retrospective study of factors related to congenital heart diseases. PMID- 7341727 TI - Studies on the ecology of calf salmonellosis in Egypt. PMID- 7341728 TI - Schistosomiasis in Egypt as revealed by the circumoval precipitin test and microscopic examination. PMID- 7341729 TI - Teratogenic effects of hypervitaminosis A: an experimental study. PMID- 7341730 TI - A new microvascular surgical clip system. AB - A new microvascular clip system has been designed that consists of 3 sets of different sized clips, an applicator, and an approximator. The basic clip is a one-piece design consisting of two blades extending from an annular base. Its construction is simple and durable. The blade closing force is predetermined for each size clip and is set at pressures that are non-traumatic to blood vessels. The tips of the applicator allow the clip to rotate through a wide arc. Two basic clips can be used with the approximator to form a double clip. PMID- 7341731 TI - Use of small diameter synthetic grafts in carotid bypasses in rats. PMID- 7341732 TI - Microlymphaticovenous anastomosis for treating lymphedema of the extremities and external genitalia. AB - Thirteen patients with secondary obstructive lymphedema of the upper and lower extremities were treated by microlymphaticovenous anastomosis. The immediate and long-term results have been very satisfactory. An average reduction in the circumference of the affected limb of 6.2 cm was obtained, and subjective symptoms and objective signs were improved. No correlation was established between the quality of the results and the duration of the lymphedema or the number of anastomoses employed in treating it. On the basis of microlymphaticovenous surgery for lymphedema of the extremities, the authors also developed a microlymphaticovenous procedure to treat lymphedema of the external genitalia and applied it clinically in two patients. Good results were obtained in both instances. The operative techniques and four case histories are described, and the advantages of microlymphaticovenous anastomosis, the selection of patients, and the facts required for success of the surgery are discussed. PMID- 7341733 TI - Treatment of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia by a free vascularized fibular graft: case report. AB - A free vascularized fibular graft was used to treat a case of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in a 5-year-old girl. Four weeks after the surgery, x-ray films revealed remarkable callus formation at the proximal junction of the graft and tibia. Seventeen months passed before union at this junction was completed. Union at the distal junction, on the other hand, took only 12 weeks. It was noted that the fibular graft enlarged in diameter rapidly, and at 17 months was the same size as the recipient tibia. PMID- 7341734 TI - Free vascularized fibular graft for replacement of the radius after excision of giant cell tumor: case report. AB - A case is reported in which a giant cell tumor of the distal end of the radius was treated by massive resection and reconstruction with a free vascularized bone graft taken from the fibula. The postoperative course was uneventful. Angiograms made eight weeks after surgery showed patent anastomoses. One year after surgery there was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor, and roentgenograms showed no degenerative changes and bony union with hypertrophy at the junction of the radius and the graft. An excellent clinical result was obtained, and the patient was able to return to his original occupation as an illustrator. PMID- 7341735 TI - A method for quantitative analysis of lumen changes in microvascular anastomoses. PMID- 7341736 TI - Anesthesia in the microsurgery laboratory. PMID- 7341737 TI - A microscope for use in dentistry. PMID- 7341738 TI - [Management of the infected fistula auris congenita - irrigation of dyes into the fistula and its complete excision under surgical microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341739 TI - [Impedance audiometry for school screening. (Part II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341740 TI - [Evaluation of the brainstem function and prognosis of comatose patients by means of the auditory brainstem response and caloric tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341741 TI - [Examination of depressive patients who complained discomfort of throat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341742 TI - [Autologous lymphocytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck. I. In vitro culture of squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341743 TI - [Autologous lymphocytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck. II. Evidence of autologous lymphocytotoxicity against tumor cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341745 TI - [Tonsillectomy under general anesthesia and hemostatic technics]. PMID- 7341744 TI - [Changes of the infranuclear region on the outer hair cells after acoustic exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341746 TI - The pattern of action of blended Chinese traditional medicines to glucose tolerance curves in genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice. AB - The effects of blended Chinese traditional medicines applied for diabetes mellitus were studied on the pattern of action to the glucose tolerance curves in genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice. The glucose tolerance curves of KK-CAy mice (humping curve) were analyzed pharmacokinetically by the mathematical model (COmpartment-H model). The curves could be classified into several types of pattern through the analysis for the humping effect. Daisaikoto-Ka-Jio and Byakko Ka-Ninjinto reduced the humping effect, whereas Hachimigan had a tendency to enhance it. On the combined effect of crude drugs prescribed in the blended medicines, the effect of Daisaikoto was lessened by subtracting Rehmanniae Rhizoma from Daisaikoto-Ka-Jio and Byakkoto (subtracted Ginseng Radix from Byakko Ka-Ninjinto) had no inhibitory effect on the humping. Rehmanniae Rhizoma or Ginseng Radix along had the similar effect on decreasing the humping. the hypoglycemic component of Ginseng Radix (DPG3-2) decreased the humping effect in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the effects of crude drugs and the active component of the crude drug supported those of the blended medicines on the humping effect by utilizing the pharmacolinetical analysis. PMID- 7341747 TI - Measurement of gastrointestinal transit of solid food using a colestipol-phenol red complex as a marker. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether colestipol-phenol red complexes can be used as markers for gastrointestinal transit of solid food. Colestipol (1.0g) bound completely with phenol red (10 mg) to form a stable complex in water (pH 7.0) Phenol red was more readily eluted from colestipol with 20 ml of 1 N HCl than 1 N NaOH, but was not eluted with 0.1 N HCL (pH 1.0). It was therefore assumed that the complex would remain stable in the gastrointestinal tract. Also, phenol red in the gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively eluted from the complex with 20 ml of 1N HCl. In a study on gastric emptying, phenol red solution (liquid food) was excreted from the stomach in a zero-order manner, and the colestipol-phenol red complex (solid food) in a first-order manner. It was concluded that colestipol-phenol red complexes can be used as markers of gastrointestinal transit. PMID- 7341748 TI - Saliva levels of trimethadione and its metabolite as an index of drug metabolizing activity in rats. AB - 1. It was investigated in normal and liver-injured rats administered with trimethadione (TMO) as to whether concentrations of TMO in plasma are able to be predicted from the corresponding saliva levels. 2. The saliva/plasma (S/P)ratio of TMO was about 1, while its metabolite 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) showed a S/P ratio of 0.65. 3. In normal rats, there was a high correlation between saliva and plasma concentration of TMO and DMO. (TMO: r=0.966, DMO: r=0.950). 4. In liver-injured pretreated rats with carbon tetrachloride, alpha naphthyl isothiocyanate or D-galactosamine, there was a high correlation between the saliva DMO/TMO ratio and the plasma DMO/TMO ratio after oral administration of TMO (r=0.983 at 1 h, r=0.952 at 2 h). 5. The saliva DMO/TMO ratio, as well as the plasma DMO/TMO ratio, may be utilized as an index of drug-metabolizing activity of the liver. PMID- 7341749 TI - Effects of N-(4-methylbenzylthiocarbonyl)-L-phenylalanine (KF 1492), a new phenylalanine derivative on lipid synthesis in vivo, inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase. AB - KF 1492, a new phenylalanine derivative, was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg or 0.25% (w/w) diet to Wistar rats. After different periods of drug administration, incorporation of 14 C-acetate or 14 C-mevalonic acid into digitonin-precipitable sterols and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A (HMG CoA) reductase activity were measured. KF 1492 feeding was associated with depressed incorporation of 14 C-acetate into sterols in liver slices or homogenate. There was no effect on incorporation of 14 C-mevalonic acid into sterols. Thus, KF 1492 administration induced inhibition of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase correlated with reduction of incorporation of 14 C-acetate into digitonin-precipitable sterols. KF 1492 feeding also inhibited in vivo sterol synthesis in rats, which was intraperitoneally injected with 14 C-acetate. Stereoisomers, metabolites adn chemically similar compounds of KF 1492 reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity, and this was correlated with lowering the activity of plasma cholesterol. These findings indicate that a major site of the action of KF 1492 in the inhibition of sterol synthesis may be at the level of HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 7341750 TI - Excitation by lyoniol-A of vagal afferent nerves and the reflex autonomic and somatic actions in rats. AB - Lyoniol-A (2mg/kg, i.v.), a toxic component isolated from the Ericaceous tree, markedly caused the increase in rate of discharges from vagal afferent nerves in the rat. This agent also caused respiratory depression, hypotension and the relief of decerebrate rigidity. These effects of lyoniol-A on the respiration an the rigidity were absent under conditions of bilateral cervical vagotomy, and the hypotension was abolished by sectioning of both vagal and carotid sinus nerves. These results suggest that the excitation by lyoniol-A of the afferent activities reflexly produces respiratory depression, hypotension and the relief of decerebrate rigidity. PMID- 7341751 TI - Decrease in effects of muscimol on the dorsal root after repeated administration of diazepam in rats. AB - In in situ experiments on spinal rats transected at the C1 level and on non spinal rats, muscimol (3 mg/kg, i.v.) depolarized the primary afferent fibers and diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.v.) potentiated this effect of muscimol. When diazepam was given for 14 days, the effect of muscimol was significantly reduced in non-spinal rats. These findings suggest that diazepam probably interacts with GABA-ergic mechanisms more closely in supraspinal regions of the rat. PMID- 7341752 TI - Determination of plasma trimethadione and its metabolite carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rat liver: a useful tool for estimation of hepatic drug metabolizing capacity. AB - 1. The relationship between the plasma concentration ratio of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4 oxazolidinedione (DMO) to trimethadione (TMO) and cytochrome P-450 dependent drug metabolizing enzyme activities after administration of TMO to rats pretreated with different dose levels of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated. 2. Pretreatment of rats with different dose levels of CCl4 resulted in a prolongation of TMO half-life, and increase of the area under the curve (AUC), and a decrease of clearance, but the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was not significantly decreased. 3. Depending on the extent of liver-injury by CCl4, there was a good correlation between the ratio of DMO to TMO in plasma and hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent drug -metabolizing enzyme activities such as cytochrome P-450 content (r=0.796 at 1 h, r=0849 at 2 h), aminopyrine N demethylase activity (r=0.877 t 1 h, r=0905 at 2 h), TMO N-demethylase activity (r=0.876 at 1 h,r=0.928 at 2 h) and aniline hydroxylase activity (r=0.900 at 1 h, r=0.936 at 2 h). 4. These results, together with the previous findings, indicate determination of the plasma levels of TMO and DMO might be a useful tool as an index of drug metabolizing capacity of rat livers. PMID- 7341755 TI - A liner mode of reversible metabolism and its application to bioavailability assessment. AB - A theoretical basis has been established for the bioavailability assessment of drug and metabolite wherein the biotransformation of one to the other is reversible. The method is applicable to linear systems and requires knowledge of drug metabolite clearance rates as well as the rate of their interconversion. While not necessary, an unconventional definition of plasma clearance appears desirable and expeditious. Depending on the experimental situation, clearance values may change between treatments; these changes should be recognized and accommodated. Alterations in experimental design are discussed as means to minimize the need for assumptions and/or to provide data in suitable form as tests of internal consistency. PMID- 7341753 TI - Protein binding effects of salivary excretion of phenobarbital in dogs. AB - The salivary excretion of phenobarbital was investigated by collecting parotid saliva (Pr) and mandibular-sublingual saliva (MS) separately after intravenous administration in beagle dogs. (1) The alterations in the proportions of saliva secreted by the different glands were produced by salivation stimulants such as citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride and sodium glutamate. (2) The phenobarbital concentrations in both Pr amd MS were lower than those in plasma. The drug concentrations in MS were significantly lower than in Pr with stimulus of 10% citric acid of 15% sodium chloride (p less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation between phenobarbital concentration in each saliva and plasma specimen ( p less than 0.05). (3) The stimulation with 10% citric acid produced higher saliva /plasma drug concentration ratios (S/P ratios: 0.923 +/- 0.175 for Pr, 0.633 +/- 0.073 for MS) than that with 15% sodium chloride (S/P ratios: 0.597 +/- 0.071 for Pr, 0.509 +/- 0.067 or MS). (4) The S/P ratios were hardly influenced by salivary flow rates, at least under the experimental conditions examined in this study. (5) The increased S/P ratios were observed with higher salivary pH and then the equation of Matin et al. 3) seemed to hold for the average values of salivary pH and S/P ratio. (6) The stimulation with 10% citric acid produced higher protein concentration in saliva and higher S/P ratio than that with 15% sodium chloride following alternate stimulations in the same dog. PMID- 7341754 TI - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the intraocular distribution of pilocarpine in rabbits. AB - This report presents a mathematical model which has been developed to describe the intraocular disposition of pilocarpine following topical dosing in rabbits. The model uses experimentally determined parameters such as rates of tissue uptake of drug and equilibrium distribution coefficients. Differential mass balance equations for pilocarpine in the cornea, aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, and lens were written and solved numerically. Measured tear concentrations, following topical dosing wih pilocarpine, were fit by a monoexponential curve and used as the forcing function of the model. By using a combination of known physiological and experimentally determined parameters, predictions of intraocular tissue levels of pilocarpine were made. These predictions were then compared to experimentally determined concentration-time profiles. PMID- 7341756 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of chlorpheniramine in rabbits after intravenous administration. AB - Intravenous studies of chlorpheniramine (CPM) were conducted in six New Zealand White male rabbits (mean wt. 3.88 kg). CPM and its two demethylated metabolites in arterial serum and urine were assayed by HPLC. Triexponential equations were needed to fit the i.v. CMP serum data in three rabbits, while biexponential equations were required in the other three rabbits. Harmonic mean of V1, Mss, Varea, CL, and terminal t 1/2 were 2.84, 10.8, and 15.5 liters/kg, and 4.14 liters/kg/hr and 2.57 hr, respectively. The average serum protein binding was 44%. The average blood to plasma concentration ratio was 1.85. Estimated mean hepatic blood extraction ratio based on i.v. studies was 0.88. Tissue distribution studies showed rapid and extensive uptake of CPM by various organs such as lung, kidneys, and brain after i.v. bolus injection, and their concentrations were 160-, 80-, and 31-fold higher than the plasma level. The amount of CPM in the muscle was calculated to represent about 50% of CPM present in the body near the steady state. Variation in plasma protein and tissue binding was postulated to be an important factor for the observed marked interspecies difference in the apparent volume of distribution of CPM. Only 2% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. PMID- 7341757 TI - Oral absorption and presystemic first-pass effect of chlorpheniramine in rabbits. AB - The oral absolute bioavailabilities of chloropheniramine (CPM) in four rabbits (New Zealand White, male, mean wt. 3.71 kg), averaged 0.06 +/- 0.03, 0.11 +/- 0.08, and 0.09 +/- 0.01 following a 3, 10.5, and 21 mg/kg dose, respectively. The individual bioavailability data and the AUC of one of the demethylated metabolites, desdimethyl CPM (DDCPM) obtained following different doses suggested the existence of saturable presystemic elimination. Two rabbits received an additional 10.5 mg/kg dose of CPM through portal vein infusion. Based on the oral, intraportal vein and i.v. studies, the mean extraction ratios of gut and the liver calculated for these two rabbits averaged 0.58 and 0.76, respectively. The latter value agreed well with the estimated hepatic extraction ratio from the in vitro liver homogenate study (0.89) or from the i.v. studies (0.83). The existence prehepatic first-pass effect observed in the present study was consistent with similar findings in humans and dogs. PMID- 7341758 TI - Optimal sampling times for pharmacokinetic experiments. AB - A sequential estimation procedure is presented which uses optimal sampling times to estimate the parameters of a model from data obtained from a group of subjects. This optimal sampling sequential estimation procedure utilizes parameter estimates from previous subjects in the group to determine the optimal sampling times for the next subject. Parameter estimates obtained from the optimal sampling procedure are compared to those obtained from a conventional sampling scheme by using Monte Carlo simulations which include noise terms for both assay error and intersubject variability. The results of these numerical experiments, for the two examples considered here, show that the parameter estimates obtained from data collected at optimal sampling times have significantly less variability than those generated using the conventional sampling procedure. We conclude that optimal sampling and preexperiment simulation may be useful tools for designing informative pharmacokinetic experiments. PMID- 7341759 TI - Changes in electrical and mechanical activities of rabbit papillary muscle during hypoxic perfusion. AB - The influence of moderate hypoxia (p02 : 70 mmHg) on action potential and contraction of isolated rabbit papillary muscles was analyzed. 1. Action potential duration, maximum twitch tension and time-to-peak tension decreased during 60 min of hypoxic perfusion, while resting tension increased and resting potential, overshoot and fast depolarization of the action potential remained constant. 2. MnCl2 (5 mM), after 60 min of hypoxia, abolished overshoot increased resting potential, and further reduced action potential duration. "Slow"action potentials induced by isoproterenol (2.5 X 10(-6) M) in KCl (20 mM) depolarized muscles, were highly resistant to hypoxic perfusion. This resistance indicates that the inflow of cations through slow channels persists under these hypoxic conditions. 3. CsCl (2-4 mM) increased action potential duration in hypoxic fibers to control (O2) values. These results suggest that an increase in membrane background K conductance could account for the reduction in action potential duration under hypoxic incubation. A possible relationship between changes in internal free calcium concentration and background K conductance during hypoxia is considered. PMID- 7341760 TI - [The presence of an albino ERG in the pigmented rat: genetic implications (author's transl)]. AB - The electroretinogram (ERG) of the albino rat (genotype c/c) differs from that of the pigmented rat (hooded, Long-Evans) by the attenuation of the b-wave and the disappearance of the c-wave which is replaced by a negative component. The present study has shown that a similar alteration in the ERG is present in the hypodactyl hooded rat (genotype hd/hd) (Fig. 1). The comparative analysis of the recordings indicated that: 1. The detection thresholds for the a and b waves were identical in the three varieties (Fig. 2). 2. The wave-form of the P III component observed after ischemia was also identical in the three strains (Fig. 1). 3. The modifications in the ERG induced by sodium azide (Fig. 4) and sodium iodate (Fig. 5) in the hd/hd rat are the same as those which have been reported in the c/c strain, and (as in the latter case) the absence of the c-wave is not due to the disappearance of P I, but rather to an attenuation of this component resulting in a negative algebraic sums of P I and P III (Fig. 6). 4. IN CONCLUSION: the alterations in the ERG recording, observed in albinos, were interpreted as being due to some fragility in the photoreceptors, consequent to a lack of pigmentary protection. Such an interpretation is invalidated by the fact that a similar ERG pattern was found in both pigmented and albino rats. Because genetic deficiencies other that the absence of a chromogene factor can modify the ERG, it is suggested that the c-gene, as is the case for the hd-gene, could be responsible for a disturbance of foetal erythropoiesis. Thus, the resulting circulatory problems, without provoking any visible structural effects, would nevertheless affect retinal functioning. PMID- 7341761 TI - A corollary discharge of total foregut motor activity is monitored by a single interneurone in the lobster Homarus gammarus. AB - 1. In Homarus, an identified interneurone (the L cell), which possesses the largest cell body in the commissural ganglion and projects to the brain, exhibits a complex firing pattern (Fig. 2 a). 2. It is shown that the L cell discharges with each of the 4 pattern generators of the stomatogastric nervous system which organize the rhythmic motor activity of the foregut (Fig. 2 b-e). 3. Manipulation of the membrane potential of the L cell does not induce any change in the 4 rhythms (Fig. 3), and it is concluded that the L cell is driven by the 4 pattern generators. 4. The functional meaning of this complex corollary discharge of the total foregut motor activity is discussed. PMID- 7341762 TI - Cell bicarbonate and chloride in the jejunum of rat and hamster incubated "in vitro". AB - 1. In jejuna of rat and hamster incubated in vitro, the intracellular bicarbonate concentration has been calculated from direct measurements of pH and pc02 in scraped, diluted and homogenized mucosa Intracellular chloride concentrations have also been determined in the same intestinal tract of both animals. 2. Bicarbonate concentration appears to be much higher in the mucosal cell of the rat than in the hamster. Cell chloride concentration is higher in the mucosal cell of the hamster than in that of the rat. 3. From our data and from those of the literature concerning the profile of the electrical potential difference, we have evaluated the electrical and chemical driving forces acting on the two anions. 4. The results suggest that both bicarbonate and chloride can passively move from the cell across the serosal barrier, but they cannot move passively across the luminal pole of the mucosal cell. PMID- 7341763 TI - Fast outward current controlling electrical activity in rat uterine smooth muscle during gestation. AB - Action potentials and ionic currents were measured on myometrial strips from 14 16 days and 20-22 days of pregnancy in rats by means of a double sucrose gap technique. 1. In mid-pregnancy, the patterns of outward current showed a distinct fast component. However, conditioning polarizations can induce or suppress the fast outward current in the uterus from different stages of gestation, suggesting a membrane potential dependence. 2. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) specifically suppressed the fast outward current while the late outward current was more sensitive to tetraethylammonium ions TEA). This allowed a determination of activation and inactivation parameters of the fast outward current. The availability was maximal at - 80 mV and represented 20-25% at - 50 mV. The activation-voltage dependence of the fast outward current in mid-pregnancy was similar to that of the fast component of the outward current during parturition. 3. The apparent depression of the inward current during conditioning hyperpolarizations was suppressed by 4-AP, indicating that the fast outward current overlapped with the inward current. 4. It is suggested that two sets of pharmacologically distinct potassium channels contribute to the outward current in myometrium. Ovarian hormones could control the amount of available fast potassium channels and, by this way, modulate the resting membrane potential during pregnancy. PMID- 7341764 TI - Contraction features in normal and hypodynamic lizard ventricle. AB - Isometric twitches and intra- and extracellular electrical activity were recorded at various driving rates from lizard ventricles, either in the normal inotropic state, or in a hypodynamic state induced by perfusing at a high flow rate for a long time. Electron micrographs were obtained from hearts fixed immediately after dissection and from preparations perfused in vitro for various periods. It was found that the peak of the steady-state strength-interval relationship shifts towards higher stimulation rates with the development of hypodynamia. Such a change is similar to that induced in normal preparations by perfusing with calcium-poor solutions. The normal strength-interval relationship can be restored in hypodynamic preparations by perfusion with a calcium-rich solution. Also, in the hypodynamic state, the action potential duration is increased and (+ dP/dt)max is decreased, while the shape of the staircases at various stimulation rates is modified. These changes occur in the presence of well-preserved ultrastructural features of the preparation. The results suggest that the twitch tension results from the contribution of two Ca ions fluxes: an early one from a cellular store, and a late one related to the action potential duration. The ultrastructural findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a store, from which a rapid release of calcium occurs, exists in the lizard ventricle. A hypodynamic state would be caused by a reduced calcium affinity of such store, and by a decreased Ca++ influx during the action potential plateau. PMID- 7341765 TI - A force-gauge implement recording the isometric contraction of one fibre from a whole muscle under different stretches. AB - A counterbalancing mechanism has been devised for use with highly sensitive semiconductor force gauges. This device is destined to balance any constant stress, especially if it over-passes the normal range of use of the gauge, leaving the instrument able to record accurately weak transient force variations superimposed on an initial value. It has been designed and used initially to record isometric contractions of striated fibres, selected from whole muscles by microelectrode stimulation. PMID- 7341766 TI - [Circadian rhythms in rat and mouse urinary electrolytes and nitrogen derivatives excretion (author's transl)]. AB - The present study considers circadian rhythms of excretion of six solutes in the urine of 40 rats and 100 mice collected during eight consecutive, six-hour long periods. 1. The different chronograms evidence significant diurnal variations in water, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and proteins excretion of the two rodent urines. To compare easily the circadian variations in rat and mouse (with very marked differences in excretion intensities), the value of each urinary solute for each six-hour period is given as a percent of the total 24 hours excretion. 2. Daily excretion represents only 34 to 44% of the total 24 hour excretion. 3. These variations are exactly reproduced on the two consecutive days. 4. Chronogram drawings of the circadian variations of these six urinary solutes are very comparable in each rodent. 5. Moreover, these circadian variations in excretion are very similar, when compared in rat and mouse; the difference between homologous values in the two rodents is less than 2% in 2/3 of the cases. PMID- 7341767 TI - [The effect of an intravenous calcium load on plasma prolactin in man (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen male volunteers, from 20 to 35 years, were studied after an overnight fast and in a resting phase. Nine of them were injected i.v. at 09.00 h with calcium (180 mg Ca in 20 ml), nine controls received the same volume of 0,9% NaCl. Plasma PRL, calcium, PTH, and urinary cyclic AMP were determined just before i.v. injection and 1, 2 and 3 hours later. In the controls, plasma PRL was decreased after the i.v. injection of 0.9% NaCl. Plasma calcium, PTH and urinary cyclic AMP levels were unchanged. In the calcium treated-group, plasma PRL, PTH and urinary cyclic AMP decreased progressively. No significant difference in plasma PRL levels was observed between the two groups. A rise in plasma calcium produced by i.v. calcium injection (+ 1 mg/100 ml 1 hour after injection), sufficient to decrease plasma PTH and urinary cyclic AMP, did not change the plasma prolactin level in man. PMID- 7341768 TI - [Response of the pars intermedia of the goldfish pituitary to deionized water, buffered or not, and to calcium and magnesium supplementation (author's transl)]. AB - In the goldfish, one cell type of the pars intermedia, slightly PAS positive, is highly stimulated in deionized water (E Des). This response is not influenced by the pH of the water (E Des pH 5.3, E Des buffered with imidazole pH 6.7) for 20 days. Stimulation is prevented when the E Des is supplemented with CaCl2 (2mM), but it is not affected by the addition of MgCl2 (2 mM). When goldfish are kept in E Des for 20 days, and subsequently in E Des supplemented with calcium gluconate (1 mM), a granule storage occurs in the cytoplasm of the enlarged cells within 48 hours. These cells are therefore sensitive to the lack or presence of calcium in the environment. The term of calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) cells appears justified in the goldfish, as in the eel; their putative role in the control of the pigmentation is not evident. PMID- 7341769 TI - [Histochemical fluorescence study of aminergic cells throughout the central nervous system of the migratory locust (author's transl)]. AB - We have investigated the aminergic neurosecretory cells in the brain and the ganglia of the ventral nerve cord of the adult female locust, by means of the Falck and Hillarp method, with or without a block of the degradation of amines by nialamide. In the brain, we have confirmed the presence of catecholamines and probably indolamines-containing cells and defined their positions in the protocerebrum and the lateral zones of the deutocerebrum and the tritocerebrum. In the ventral cord, we have found groups of catecholaminergic cell bodies in suboesophageal, thoracic and abdominal ganglia, and probably indolaminergic cell bodies in thoracic and some abdominal ganglia. Aminergic fibres are present in all the ventral cord. They are especially numerous in suboesophageal and thoracic ganglia. In these ganglia, some fibres enter the roots of some somatic nerves. PMID- 7341770 TI - Seven murine cell lines with properties of macrophages. PMID- 7341771 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of changes in the surfaces of lymphokine treated guinea pig macrophages. PMID- 7341772 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activity in pulmonary alveolar macrophages from conventional, germfree, monoassociated, and conventionalized rats. AB - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were harvested from conventional (CONV), germfree (GF), conventionalized, and monoassociated (MA) rats. Germfree rats had significantly fewer PAM than did their CONV, conventionalized or MA counterparts. The bronchopulmonary wash from the CONV and conventionalized rats contained higher lysosomal specific activity for beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D than did similar washes from GF rats. Cellular and subcellular PAM fractions from GF rats also showed decreased enzyme activity in comparison with similar fractions from the PAM or CONV rats. Colonization of GF rats with one (MA) or more bacterial species (conventionalized) increased the beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D activity of their PAM as well as total PAM. These data suggest that the intestinal flora not only enhances PAM proliferation but also is associated with an increase in their lysosomal enzyme activity. PMID- 7341773 TI - Functional differences in murine alveolar macrophages cultured in monolayers. PMID- 7341774 TI - Enhanced phagocytic and bactericidal activities of phospholipidotic rat alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7341775 TI - Age-and maturation-dependent changes in the immune system of Fischer F344 rats. PMID- 7341776 TI - Effect of lithium on Chediak-Higashi leukocytes: correction of impaired function. PMID- 7341777 TI - Haemodynamic and neurological responses of ventilated and apnoeic calves to succinyldicholine. AB - Succinyldicholine-induced asphyxia in awake calves led to massive catecholamine release by the adrenal medulla. Hypertension and bradyarrhythmias resulted. Electroencephalograms recorded during periods of succinyldicholine-induced apnoea indicated that calves were probably conscious and under psychic stress for at least 4 min after the onset of apnoea. Electroencephalographic signs indicative of decreased consciousness became evident in one calf only after 4,8 min of apnoea but were absent in 3 calves subjected to maximum periods of apnoea of 4,1; 3,2 and 4,4 min. The latter 3 calves all recovered with no apparent neurological deficit after intravenous injection of plasma pseudocholinesterase. PMID- 7341778 TI - Chemotherapy of Babesia felis infection: efficacy of certain drugs. AB - The efficacy of 10 drugs was tested against Babesia felis infection in domestic cats. Primaquine phosphate administered per os or as an intramuscular injection was found to be highly effective and the obvious drug of choice when compared with conventional babesicides. The recommended dosage is 0,5 mg/kg body mass of primaquine base. Repeated treatments are well tolerated but single doses in excess of 1 mg/kg are known to cause mortality in cats. PMID- 7341779 TI - The choleretic action of clanobutin in dogs. AB - After cannulation of the bile duct in anaesthetised dogs, clanobutin was injected intravenously. Samples were collected for periods of 15 min. Arterial and venous blood pressures as well as the electrocardiogram were recorded during the experiment. There was a slight increase in arterial and central venous pressure during the trial. Heart rate slightly decreased with a slight increase in ventricular ectopic beats. In the first 15 min after bile flow increased by 260%. The choleretic action lasted for 1,5 h. The concentration of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the bile followed a similar pattern to that of the volume. Bilirubin and calcium excretion showed a sharp increase within the first 15 min after administration. Thereafter there was a sharp drop and 30 min after administration the concentration was below the control value. PMID- 7341780 TI - The similarity between arrested development in parasitic nematodes and diapause in insects. AB - The similarities between arrested development in parasitic nematodes and diapause in insects are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the similarity between arrested development in Haemonchus contortus and diapause in Oestrus ovis in sheep. Factors inducing arrested development and influencing resumed development and measures to control arrested nematodes in ruminants are discussed. PMID- 7341781 TI - Criteria for deworming beef cattle under ranch conditions. AB - Anthelmintics provide the cattle farmer with a means of controlling worm infestations. Whether their use is economical depends upon how it is integrated with climatic changes, pasture management, and the immune state of the animals Preventive deworming based on a system which monitors worm burdens is idealistic and generally impractical. Monitoring systems which have been employed include faecal egg counts and cultures, haematological determinations, and worm recoveries post mortem. An efficient method of deworming beef cattle is the use of a strategic drenching programme, based upon seasonal variations in the incidence of the helminths. The economics of this approach can be improved by a tactical drenching programme in which the timing of drenches is dictated by factors which could lead to an outbreak of helmninthosis. The most efficient method is dosing which keeps pastures free from contamination over longer periods. PMID- 7341782 TI - Rabies in kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in South West Africa/Namibia. AB - A serious outbreak of rabies amongst kudus in South West Africa/Namibia has accounted for the deaths of an estimated 10 000 of them since 1977. The disease has spread at a rate of 40-60 km per year although its progress in an easterly direction was checked for more than 2 years by a game fence. Although the fence restricted the movements of big game such as kudus, it did not prevent movement of the known vectors of rabies such as dogs and jackals. The outbreak coincided with a few years above average rainfall with a resultant improvement in vegetation and an increase in the population density of kudus and jackals. The incorporation of game especially kudus into the farming industry in South West Africa/Namibia and the greater awareness of farmers of the need of protecting them contributed to the population increase of kudus. Circumstantial evidence is supplied to suggest a horizontal spread of the disease amongst kudus. Factors involved include their grooming habits, social behaviour, the restricted spread of the disease through the game fence and the absence of a corresponding increase in the number of cases of rabies in other species. Mouth lesions caused by the browsing of thorn-bush may be a contributory factor. PMID- 7341783 TI - An outbreak of African horsesickness in dogs. AB - Several dogs died from African horsesickness which was contracted by the consumption of uncooked meat from the carcase of a horse that had died from the disease. Respiratory embarrassment was the main clinical sign, while marked hydrothorax and pulmonary congestion and oedema were the major post mortem findings. Serotype 6 horsesickness virus was isolated from 2 of these dogs. PMID- 7341784 TI - Ethology and animal welfare. AB - Much scientific information concerning animal behaviour has become available only recently and it continues to increase rapidly. There is evidence indicating that the behavioural needs of animals have sometimes been neglected when natural life style are replaced by artificially contrived ones. More attention to and study of animals' social and other behavioural requirements would be mutually beneficial to both man and beast. If those needs can be met more adequately, animals will be easier to handle, stress will be reduced and productivity improved. Animal welfare legislation in different countries is mentioned and ethological research as basis for new legislation discussed. The development in this critical field of Ethology and Animal Welfare is advancing fast and the South African Veterinarian must be aware of the new movement from Animal Science to Animal Rights. PMID- 7341785 TI - The veterinary surgeon, pets and psychotherapy. PMID- 7341786 TI - A field strain of Haemonchus contortus showing slight resistance to rafoxanide. PMID- 7341787 TI - Diamidine poisoning in a dog. PMID- 7341788 TI - [Plasma motilin levels and gastric hunger contractions--in relation to plasma free fatty acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341789 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of group II pepsinogen in human serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341790 TI - [Experimental study for the gastric mucosal damage--especially, the effect of cigarette smoking on the healing course of acetic acid ulcer in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341791 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of acute gastric mucosal lesion. (III). The hemoperfusion and oxygen insufficiency in the gastric mucosa after head- or thermal-injury analyzed by reflectance spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341792 TI - [Studies on pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats (1st report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341793 TI - [Immunological study of the colonic mucosal cell destruction in ulcerative colitis. Role of ADCC mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341794 TI - [Studies on chronic liver diseases showing discrepancy between the values of ICG Rmax and hepaplastintest (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341795 TI - [Alcoholic fatty liver and lipid peroxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341796 TI - [Evaluation of indocyanine green plasma transfer rates in obstructive jaundiced patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341797 TI - [Correlation of automated frequency analysis of electroencephalogram and various biochemical factors on hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341798 TI - [Clinical and histological study on prognosis of patients survived from acute hepatic failure. Investigation of 6 cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341799 TI - [A case of Zieve's syndrome from a view point of the osmotic resistance of red blood cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341800 TI - [Clinical significance of serum binding activity to polymerized human albumin (P HSA) in chronic active hepatitis type B (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341801 TI - [Fibrin-stabilizing factor in alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341802 TI - [The role of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide in the expired alveolar gas in patients with hepatic coma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341803 TI - [Clinical usefulness of regional renogram and functional image obtained from serial renal scintigraphy using 123I-hippuran (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341804 TI - [Evaluation of right heart (RA, RV) cardiac function by short-lived radionuclide (81mKr) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341805 TI - [Basic studies of T3 radioimmunoassay (Tri-Tab RIA kit) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341806 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 99mTc-EIDA scan for hepatobiliary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341807 TI - [The quantitative evaluation of the dynamic functions of hepatobiliary system by using Tc-99m-pyridoxylideneisoleucine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341808 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of Amerlex free T4 radioimmunoassay system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341809 TI - [Measurement of plasma ferritin by 2-site immunoradiometric assay (Phadebas Ferritin PRIST)--evaluation of the kit and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341810 TI - [An assessment of measuring serum free thyroxine with a RIA kit utilizing prebound anti-T4 microcapsules (Damon) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341811 TI - [Studies on the measurement of serum triiodothyronine with "SPAC T3 RIA kit" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341812 TI - [Basic and clinical studies of radioimmunoassay kit for prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341813 TI - The structure of EEG arousal as a dynamic ensemble of neuronal activities in cat motor cortex. AB - 1. Intracellular potentials were recorded from 164 cells in cat precruciate cortex, and their responses were examined during the phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal. 2. According to the initial responses corresponding to phasic EEG arousal, these cells were classified into 71 E (excitation), 49 I (inhibition), 38 DF (disfacilitation), and 6 DI (disinhibition) cells. 3. The late responses corresponding to tonic EEG arousal varied among these cells. Thirty-two of the 164 cells were unresponsive. Of the remaining cells, 102 showed excitation, 16 inhibition, 12 disfacilitation, and 2 disinhibition. These cells were retermed +E, +I, +DF, and +DI cells, respectively. 4. +E cells were located at all depths through laminae I to VI, but the majority were found in laminae IIIb-VI. +I cells were between lamina I and the lower half of lamina III (IIIb), and +DF and +DI cells were between lamina I and the upper half of lamina III (IIIa). From these characteristic layer distributions it is postulated that an upward cascade transmission from deep to superficial layers occurs during tonic EEG arousal. 5. Nine types of combinations of the initial and late responses were found: E, I, DF or DI with +E, E or I with +I, E or I with +DF, and I with +DI. To explain these various activity patterns, an 'arousal' circuit model was proposed by combining the downward and upward cascade transmission patterns. The elementary structure of cortical arousal was thus formulated, and discussed from the development aspect of behavior. PMID- 7341814 TI - Transvascular fluid shift after blood volume modification in relation to compliances of the total vascular bed and interstitial fluid space. AB - The transvascular fluid shift after blood volume modification was analyzed by means of continuous blood volume determination and stimulation analysis. On splenectomized dogs, 15% of the circulating blood was withdrawn and retransfused, while the circulating blood volume, hematocrit and colloid osmotic pressure were continuously monitored. Based on the results, the transvascular fluid shift was stimulated by a two-compartment model. The compliance of the intravascular and interstitial fluid spaces as well as the transvascular filtration coefficient was determined on the whole body, simultaneously. No statistically significant differences were found between any of the values for blood withdrawal and retransfusion. The compliance of the vascular space, 4.62 +/- 0.82 ml/mmHg . kg of body weight, was almost identical with that of the interstitial fluid space, 4.75 +/- 1.52 ml/mmHg . kg of body weight. The whole body capillary filtration coefficient was 0.74 +/- 0.39 ml/min . mmHg . kg of body weight, which is within the range of the reported values of the capillary filtration coefficient for muscle and intestine. It is suggested that the rapid transvascular fluid shift after blood volume modification is provided with the fact that the compliances of intravascular and interstitial fluid spaces are almost identical. PMID- 7341815 TI - Spontaneous hyperpolarizations in pyramidal cells of chronically stimulated rabbit hippocampus. AB - Through daily electrical stimulation of one of the hippocampi in the rabbit, EEG spikes were "kindled" in both hippocampi. Such hippocampi (termed kindled hippocampi) were then studied with the microelectrode in acute experiments. The electrical activities of the kindled hippocampus were characterized by spontaneous occurrence of hyperpolarizing potentials of various magnitudes (3-27 mV) and various durations (50-600 msec) in the pyramidal cell. These hyperpolarizations were never preceded by a prolonged spike burst. Furthermore, they could occur without any preceding depolarizations. They consisted of two components, i.e., Cl-dependent (somatic inhibitory postsynaptic potential) and C1 non-dependent (dendritic hyperpolarization) components. They were the main abnormal events occurring within the pyramidal cell of the kindled hippocampus. It was therefore considered that they were the intracellular correlates of the EEG spikes. PMID- 7341816 TI - Role of protein adsorption in micropore passability of red blood cells. AB - Micropore passability of fresh human blood was measured by means of an improved Nuclepore membrane filter method under varying concentrations of electrolytes and proteins in the plasma. The method gives an average pore passage time required for single red blood cells to flow through 5 micrometers pores of the filter membrane. Micropore passability is reduced with increasing ionic osmolarity above 320 mOsM when the protein concentration is normal However, it remains constant up to 370 and 430 mOsM when the protein concentration is lowered to 1/3 and 1/6 of normal, respectively. Furthermore, when red blood cells are added to an hyperosmotic plasma, the protein concentration detectable in the plasma is reduced to a level lower than expected from a simple osmotic water shift. The excess reduction in the protein concentration is nearly proportional to the amount of added red blood cells. The following succession of events was assumed in order to interpret these results. An electric repulsive force between red blood cells and plasma proteins is weakened by an increased ion concentration. This reduction in this repulsive force will increase the adsorption of proteins on the surfaces of the red blood cells. The adsorbed proteins will restrict cell membrane flexibility, causing a reduced micropore passability of red blood cells. PMID- 7341817 TI - Dynamics of the plasma-interstitial fluid distribution and transcapillary pressure difference. AB - The relationship between the effective intracapillary pressure and the effective pericapillary pressure following blood withdrawal and retransfusion was studied. Change in the effective pericapillary pressure was estimated from the transcapillary pressure difference determined from the amount of transcapillary fluid shift and the effective intracapillary pressure. The estimated alteration in the effective intracapillary pressure ranged from 1 to 7 mmHg in blood withdrawal and retransfusion (15% of estimated blood volume). The transcapillary pressure difference, or effective pressure gradient for fluid movement between intracapillary and pericapillary space, was within about 0.5 mmHg when the whole body filtration coefficient obtained by us was used. The effective pericapillary pressure closely followed the effective intracapillary pressure. In other words, change in intracapillary pressure elicits a rapid shift of vascular or interstitial fluid and the effective pericapillary pressure equilibrates rapidly with the intracapillary pressure. PMID- 7341818 TI - Acid-base changes of the thoracic duct lymph during hypercapnia and an estimation of cellular contribution to ECF buffering capacity. AB - During 90 min of spontaneous or controlled CO2 breathing in splenectomized dogs, the acid-base parameter changes of the thoracic duct lymph were compared with those of the arterial and postcaval venous blood. (1) The lymph reached an apparent steady state in the acid-base parameters at least 10 min after the blood. (2) The lymph bicarbonate concentration gradually increased almost in parallel with the lymph PCO2 elevation, while the raised plasma bicarbonate concentration remained nearly unchanged until the end of CO2 inhalation. (3) The in vivo buffer slope of the lymph increased strikingly within 10 min, reaching three times the in vitro slope at 90 min after inception of CO2 breathing. After 10 min, the lymph value became higher than the venous value, suggesting early cellular contribution to ECF buffering. (4) Considering the lymph values as representative of the interstitial fluid values, cellular contribution to ECF buffering was computed; they were 7.8, 15.6, and 10.7% in the spontaneously breathing group, and 8.9, 10.6, and 12.0% in the controlled ventilation group at 30, 60, and 90 min of CO2 breathing, respectively. PMID- 7341819 TI - Diminished circadian rhythm of locomotor activity after vagotomy in rats. PMID- 7341820 TI - Ion permeability in the erythrocyte membrane of the dystrophic chicken measured by a fluorometric method. PMID- 7341821 TI - [Electromyographic feedback for cerebral children (adults): on the residual tension of muscle (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the residual tension of muscle in cerebral palsied (CP) children (adults) and the effect of EMG feedback on its relaxation processes, 5 normal children and 15 CP children, including one adult, were asked to flex their elbows gradually, then increase the tension with full flexion, and finally relax as quickly as possible under three conditions: pre-feedback, feedback, and post feedback. Under the feedback condition, a meter display was provided. Results were as follows: (1) All except one in the CP group showed more residual tension than the normals at the pre-feedback condition. (2) Under the feedback condition, the time to relax was shortened significantly in the CP group. (3) The CPs could be classified into following four types by the influence of EMG feedback. (a) Type A (N = 2) showed no change. (b) Type B (N = 9) improved. (c) Type C (N = 1) improved in the latter half of the feedback condition, though it increased tension in the first half. (d) Type D (N = 2) increased conversely under the feedback condition. PMID- 7341822 TI - [An analysis of the "same-different" judgment process in the color and form multidimensional stimulus (author's transl)]. AB - The "same-different" judgment process was investigated using the colon and form multidimensional stimuli. "Same-different" reaction time paradigm was employed in which the stimulus was sequentially presented. Exp. I was designed to clarify the processing mechanism of the "different" judgment. The results suggested that the "different" response was initiated by the processing of each dimension. In Exp. II, the dimensions of the first stimulus were separated and sequentially presented. It was found that the RT for the separated presentation was shorter than that for the composed presentation in Exp. I. The results suggested that the hypothesis of parallel matching based on dimensions was enough to explain the RT of the "same" response. Based on the results of Exp. I and Exp. II, the sequential-dual process model was proposed. PMID- 7341823 TI - [The relationship between perceived exertion of daily activities and aging of physical function (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived exertion and fatigue of daily activities and the age-related decline of physical functions. Eighty-five male job applicants aged from 55 to 65 years old were asked to answer the questionnaire inquiring about perceptual effort and fatigue of daily activities, and then were examined on more than ten kinds of physical functions. The significance of the correlation coefficients between factors extracted from 35 subjective variables and those from 38 objective variables were tested. Main findings were as follows: (a) The perceived exertion of daily activities using lower limbs seems to be influenced by the decline of muscle strength. (b) The perceptual effort of daily activities using upper limbs seems to be connected with the obesity rate and also with the decline of hearing. (c) The subjective fatigue seems to be related with the level of blood pressure and also with the decline of hearing. PMID- 7341824 TI - [Effects of subjective contours in stroboscopic motion (author's transl)]. AB - It was tested whether "subjective" contours have functional effects similar to real contours on stroboscopic motion. The probability of seeing motion between a pair of subjective contour stimuli was compared with that between a pair of the corresponding real contour stimuli. The results were as follows: (1) For both identical shapes and disparate shapes, subjective contours had functional effects similar to real contours, but this equivalence was not enhanced increasing duration. (2) Three types of stroboscopic motion were observed when between two disparate shapes was used as stimuli (two-dimensional rotation of rigid shapes, rotation in depth and plastic deformation), dependent on geometrical transformations between stimulus pairs rather than on ISI and duration. PMID- 7341825 TI - [Effects of the unilateral cerebral activation by nonverbal loading on stimulus detection in each visual field (author's transl)]. AB - The relation between the activation level of hemisphere and the laterality of visual detection was investigated under nonverbal loading conditions. In Exp. I, 10 (6 male and 4 female) right handed college students made "same-different" judgements for pairs of random forms (4th, 8th, and 12th polygons) serially presented. In Exp. II, another 10 (5 male and 5 female) subjects responded to similar with different association values. The main findings were as follows: (a) A test stimulus (8th polygon) was recognized more accurately in the left visual field, but this was due to the poor performance in the right visual field, (b) the factor of association value did not influence the visual field superiority, and (c) the task difficulty may be sole factor responsive to the visual field superiority. These results suggested that the visual laterality effects occurred only when the level of hemispheric loading was optimal. PMID- 7341826 TI - [The measurement of individual differences in interpersonal cognitive structure (6): Age and sex differences of perceivers (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine age and sex differences in "implicit personality theories (IPT)." Forty-four undergraduates and 77 junior high school students served as subjects in personality perception as obtained by the Repertory Grid method. Responses were analyzed by means of Carroll and Chang's INDSCAL model. The results were: (a) The dimensional structure of IPT for the older subjects were more complicated than that for the younger ones; and (b) for the younger subjects, males perceived role persons in less differentiated manners than did females. PMID- 7341827 TI - [The function of visual imagery and effect of input modality in spatial transformation task by blind and sighted adults (author's transl)]. AB - The function of visual imagery and the effect of input modality in spatial transformation task was examined in 24 blind and 18 sighted students. Early blind, late blind and blind-folded sighted persons were presented with the information about four objects which were placed randomly on a board. They identified those objects haptically (with touch and movement) or verbally. After a practice session with one object, the subjects were told to locate the position of the other three objects (simple reconstruction trials) and then, to imagine that he/she had moved to a position behind the other object and to make similar evaluation of the imagined position (perspective transformation trials). These groups were well matched in simple reconstruction. But on perspective transformation trials, a highly significant interaction between sight status and input modality was found. Input modality affected the blinds only. Their error rate was significantly higher than the sighted persons in verbal input condition. In haptically input condition, the blind did not differ from the sighted. These results suggest visual imagery plays a major role when there are few or no perceptual cues in which to evaluate a situation. PMID- 7341828 TI - [Ectopic cardiac arrhthymias in patients treated with permanent electrostimulation]. PMID- 7341829 TI - [Ostium secundum type of interatrial septal defect: late postoperative observation of a group of 50 patients]. PMID- 7341830 TI - [Serum concentration of cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoprotein fractions in healthy persons and after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7341831 TI - [Blood serum lipids in young men with a history of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7341832 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of computerized tomography in diagnosing arterial hypertension in adrenal diseases]. PMID- 7341833 TI - [Ultrasonic studies in the diagnosis of adrenal chromaffinomas]. PMID- 7341834 TI - [Opinion of the Polish scientific community concerning selected problems in the prevention of coronary disease. I. The theoretical premises of primary prevention]. PMID- 7341835 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot in mirror-image dextrocardia and total situs inversus]. PMID- 7341836 TI - Variation of minerals and trace elements in laboratory animal diets. AB - 29 laboratory animal diets from 5 manufactures for rats, mice, rabbits, guineapigs, primates and dogs were analysed for calcium, total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper. Variations between diets for the same species were found to be much larger than differences between means for different species. The analyses were compared with data in the manufactures' catalogues. The best controlled element was potassium. Most deviations of other elements were distributed in a skewed fashion and quite serious differences between analytical and catalogue data were found. In general, deviations from the catalogue were less than variations between diets. It is recommended that catalogues should give ranges of composition rather than means. PMID- 7341837 TI - Mange in newly-imported armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). PMID- 7341838 TI - Whisker trimming in mice. AB - Whisker trimming is extremely common in strain A2G mice, with an incidence which progresses with age. Over 75% of cages containing 2-3 mice have 1 or more active trimmers by the time the mice are about 60 days old. When male A2G mice were housed with mice of other strains there was a tendency for trimming to occur most in cages where the A2G male was socially dominant (as judged by a tube test). The number of animals per cage did not seem to influence this behaviour. In groups of male mice there was usually I with untrimmed whiskers, presumably because he was socially dominant. However, with females there were always several active trimmers. There was some evidence that when females became pregnant they were able to resist whisker trimming by their mates. PMID- 7341839 TI - A self-compensating, closed-circuit respiration calorimeter for small mammals and birds. PMID- 7341841 TI - Comparable phagocytic activity of rhesus monkey and human blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 7341840 TI - Feeding and excretion in the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens), a new laboratory animal. AB - Food and water intake and the excretion of urine and faecal pellets during the day (0500-2100) and at night (2100-0500) were observed in Afghan pikas, rats and guineapigs fed appropriate diets. Urine composition was observed in these species after they had been fed the pika diet for 4 weeks. Rats ate more at night than did pikas or guineapigs. The pikas excreted numerous small, hard faeces and soft faeces, the latter being reingested. On the pika diet all species gained about 10% in bodyweight. Food consumption was similar to that shown by each species on its own diet. All animals fed the pika diet excreted alkaline urine. Chloride concentration in pika urine was similar to that of the rat and was significantly higher than that of the guineapig. The ratio of sodium to potassium in pika urine was 2.8 and 1.7 fold that of the rat and guineapig respectively. Osmolality of pika urine was slightly higher than that of the rat, and was 3.8 fold that of the guineapig. PMID- 7341842 TI - Methods for the aquarium maintenance of the common octopus of British waters, Eledone cirrhosa. AB - Healthy, undamaged specimens survive well in recirculating aquarium seawater of about 36 parts per thousand salinity and PH 7.4, having 50 mg.1(-1) nitrogen as nitrate, less than 0.1 mg.1(-1) nitrogen as nitrite, nitrogen as nitrate, and less than 0.1 mg.1(-1) nitrogen as ammonia, and a m ean annual temperature of 14 15 degree C, about 5 degree C above ambient. For maximal growth rates, the gross wet weight of liver crabs required as food ranges up to 10% of the weight of the octopus. Weight-specific growth rates fall from 3.4% day-1 at 100-200 g bodyweight, to 1-1.5% day-1 at greater than 500 g bodyweight. Survival of healthy, wild-caught animals, commonly 4.6 months and up to 8 months, is apparently limited more by endogenous factors concerned with sexual maturation and lifespan than by aquarium conditions. Eggs have been laid but it has not yet been possible to hatch and rear them. PMID- 7341843 TI - Measles virus antibodies in a laboratory colony of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - Serologic testing revealed that 17/84 (20.2%) of bought-in Aotus and 1/31 (3.2%) of colony-born Aotus had haemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Clinically inapparent measles infections were detected in 3 monkeys by increased antibody titres. Following the detection of a recent infection, antibody titre persisted at a high level for at least 240 days. Although 84% of the monkeys were sero susceptible, no further serological evidence of measles infection occurred. PMID- 7341844 TI - Spinal anaesthesia in the rabbit. PMID- 7341845 TI - Ketamine hydrochloride in the laboratory rat. PMID- 7341846 TI - Characteristics of the menstrual cycle in nonhuman primates. IV. Timed mating in Macaca nemestrina. AB - The events of the perineal swelling cycle in Macaca nemestrina have been correlated with the optimal time for conception. The mean cycle length of the animals was 32.8 days with the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle 17.6 19.2 and 13.6-15.2 days respectively. The time of ovulation, relative to the tumescence peak, ranged from 1 to 13 days. The optimal time for mating, based on the ratio between day of breeding and cycle length was 0.46, a value comparable with similar calculations for other macaque species. PMID- 7341847 TI - Observations on spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a rat (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 7341848 TI - Rapid dissection of rodent molar-tooth germs. AB - A rapid rate of isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents aged from 19 embryonic days to 7 days postnatal can be achieved. The procedure is of direct application to biochemical studies of odontogenesis where relatively large amounts of tissue are often required. The quality of dissection, assessed by morphological and organ culture criteria, extends the application of this procedure to general use in the isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents. PMID- 7341849 TI - Cutaneous tumours in the guineapig. PMID- 7341850 TI - Spontaneous abdominal implantation in the rat with development to full term. PMID- 7341851 TI - Pathology of the nematode Trichosomoides crassicauda in the urinary bladder of laboratory rats. PMID- 7341852 TI - A new external fixation for bone surgery in African pygmy goats. PMID- 7341853 TI - Specular microscopic observations of the corneal endothelium in the normal rabbit. AB - Endothelial specular microscopy and pachometry were performed on both eyes of 14 young adult New Zealand white rabbits with clinically normal eyes. Endothelial cells of the central corneas formed a mosaic-like pattern of homogenous hexagonal cells with a mean diameter of 20.6 +/- 1.0 micron sd. The mean number of cells per mm was 2998 +/- 326 sd and the mean corneal thickness was 0.38 +/- 0.02 mm sd. PMID- 7341854 TI - Development and testing of an automated food dispenser for small rodents. AB - An automated feeder system capable of delivering variable quantities of ground stock diet at predetermined time intervals was developed. The system consisted of feeder units activated by a solenoid connected to a sliding food chamber, a wiring harness, and a control unit. Testing for reproducibility of food delivery indicated reliable and consistent results with a coefficient of variation not exceeding 3% for multiple consecutive deliveries. Field testing in an actual feeding experiment with 35 rats in seven groups showed remarkable adherence to preset conditions. No untoward effects were observed when one group of free eating, ad libitum fed rats was compared to another group fed unrestricted amounts of feed by the automated feeder. The feeder system was versatile, reliable, and easily adjustable to animal room environments. PMID- 7341855 TI - Effects of sunflower seed supplements on reproduction and growth of RCS rats with hereditary retinal dystrophy. AB - Both control and dystrophic pink-eyed RCS rats reproduced poorly when they were fed a standard laboratory rodent diet and were housed in conventional animal rooms unshielded from pathogenic influences. More prolific reproduction and improved growth of young were obtained with a commercial unsterilized closed formula pelleted rodent ration, supplemented with 25% sunflower seed kernels. The sunflower kernels contained a high concentration of vitamin E and 47% fat which was mostly unsaturated. Linoleic acid was 75% of the unsaturated fatty acids. The kernels also contained a higher concentration of selenium (0.8 mg/kg) than standard rodent diets. Effective absorption of the high vitamin E of the diet was shown by analyses of blood plasma of 50-day-old dystrophic and control rats, in which the alpha-tocopherol level was three-fold that in animals fed standard laboratory rodent diet. Dams fed the diet had calmer temperaments and improved lactation. Litters of 8-13 pups were produced, and the pups grew rapidly to weaning with 95% survival of the control strains and 75% survival of the dystrophic strain. Progeny fed the diet for 8-10 months after weaning did not manifest cataracts, which occurred in 23% of the pink-eyed dystrophic animals fed standard rodent diets. PMID- 7341856 TI - Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastric ulcers in laboratory swine. AB - Bleeding gastric ulcers were a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young swine subjected to surgery, chronic catheterization, and daily experimental manipulation. Some of the animals died suddenly due to exsanguination into the gastrointestinal tract, while others survived for several days following the onset of clinical signs. These signs included dark, tarry stools, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Abnormal clinical laboratory findings included decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts indicative of chronic blood loss anemia. On postmortem examination, single or multiple ulcers of variable sizes were found in the nonglandular cardiac portion of the stomach, and the gastrointestinal tract often contained blood. Histologically, the ulcers had a base of granulation tissue with surface suppuration. Prophylactic treatment of these ulcers was initiated using cimetidine, a histamine II blocker. The drug was administered via the drinking water at 15 mg/kg body weight/day. Fourteen of 62 (22.5%) pigs that did not receive cimetidine developed bleeding ulcers. Of 45 animals given daily prophylactic doses of cimetidine, none manifested clinical signs indicative of a bleeding ulcer. These results indicated that cimetidine was effective in preventing morbidity and mortality due to bleeding gastric ulcers in young swine used in chronic laboratory experiments. PMID- 7341857 TI - Spontaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a mouse (Mus musculus). PMID- 7341858 TI - Intraoral radiography of molar teeth in rats. PMID- 7341859 TI - Probable influence of cage design on muscle metabolism of rats. PMID- 7341860 TI - A modified barrier system for maintenance of Pasteurella-free rabbits. AB - A modified barrier system for maintaining Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits in an animal facility also housing Pasteurella multocida-infected rabbits was implemented. All research and laboratory animal technical personnel performed their duties involving non-infected rabbits prior to working with infected rabbits housed in separate rooms of the facility. Bacterial culture data involving mature rabbits indicated a 17% infection rate when Pasteurella-free rabbits were housed in a conventional manner for 3-6 months prior to institution of the modified barrier. No transmission of Pasteurella multocida from infected to non-infected rabbits housed in separate rooms was observed during 6 months of maintenance after initiation of the modified barrier system. PMID- 7341861 TI - A modification of the canine carotid-jugular shunt. AB - A shunt modification was used for implantation in the carotid-jugular vessels of the dog. The shunt was made of plastic tubing and was tied to each vessel with three silk ligatures. The tubing was exteriorized and anchored to the skin. The exposed tubing was cut and attached to the input and output lines of a tubing kit for leukapheresis with a continuous flow centrifuge. Surgical implantation of the shunt was accomplished with ease and minimum trauma to the animal. Useful life of the shunt extended over a 3-week period with minimal requirements for anticoagulants. PMID- 7341862 TI - A technique for obtaining tracheobronchial washings from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7341863 TI - Visual deprivation in rats: technique for surgical eyelid closure. PMID- 7341865 TI - The effect of discrete charges on the electrical properties of membranes. II. PMID- 7341864 TI - A plastic restraining device for turtles. PMID- 7341866 TI - Population distribution of labelled DNA and the effects of cell division. PMID- 7341867 TI - First passage time for a supercritical Galton-Watson process restricted to the non-extinction set. PMID- 7341868 TI - Uptake of proline by renal brushborder vesicles: a mathematical analysis. PMID- 7341869 TI - Predictions of the somatic mutation and mortalization theories of cellular ageing are contrary to experimental observations. PMID- 7341870 TI - Phototautomerism of the G-C base pair of DNA. PMID- 7341872 TI - Estimation of molecular diffusivity in isolated animal tissues. PMID- 7341871 TI - Corrected equations for the calculation of protein-ligand binding results from fluorescence polarization data. PMID- 7341873 TI - Sources of variation in intermitotic time and their relation to cell cycle kinetics. PMID- 7341874 TI - On the "cytosociology" of enzyme action in vivo: a novel thermodynamic correlate of biological evolution. PMID- 7341875 TI - Theory of the conformational order of single component sphingomyelin bilayers. PMID- 7341876 TI - On the "surface law" and basal metabolic rate. PMID- 7341877 TI - Peripheral doublet microtubules and wave generation in eukaryotic flagella. PMID- 7341878 TI - Ecology, physiology, allometry and dimensionality. PMID- 7341879 TI - Are introns in-series error-detecting sequences? PMID- 7341880 TI - On the analysis of straight line data in pharmacology and biochemistry. PMID- 7341881 TI - On the coevolution of pathogen and host: I. General theory of discrete time coevolution. PMID- 7341882 TI - On the coevolution of pathogen and host: II. Selfing hosts and haploid pathogens. PMID- 7341883 TI - Unidirectional fluxes and blood flow. PMID- 7341884 TI - Ocular lesions of diabetic retinopathy: a computer documentation by correspondence factor analysis. PMID- 7341885 TI - Developing and evaluating hospital information systems based on a firm understanding of data-base systems. PMID- 7341886 TI - Cognitive robots and their role in factual cognitive problem-solving. PMID- 7341888 TI - Automated filing and reporting in a regional immunology service laboratory using a PET computer. PMID- 7341887 TI - Statistical sampling strategies for averaging purposes in serially correlated biomedical data. PMID- 7341889 TI - A computerized automatic audiometer. PMID- 7341890 TI - The color problem in the laser treatment of nevi. PMID- 7341891 TI - Social issues and body image concerns of port wine stain patients undergoing laser therapy. AB - When applying lasers to treatment of port wine stains and other flaws of appearance, the physician needs to have an appreciation of the psychological and social aspects of body image as well as the physical aspect. A number of aspects of our society impinge upon port wine stain patients to make their condition psychologically burdensome. Fortunately, the 82 patients in our sample have received extraordinary support from family members in coping with their affliction. As a group they do not display an unusual degree of emotional disturbance in comparision with a normal control population. However, their initial expectations tend to be unrealistically perfectionistic, and many seem to be unwilling to absorb the fact that laser treatment is accompanied by certain hazards and limitations. An especially conscientious adherence to the canons of informed consent with these patients is therefore recommended. PMID- 7341892 TI - Results and complications of limbal trephination and subscleral trephination (trabeculectomy). AB - Limbal trephinations on 395 eyes were followed postoperatively for six months to 19 years. Excellent results were obtained in patients over the age of 35, particularly those in the 50 and older age group, with chronic open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Results were poor in younger age groups and in those with secondary glaucoma, particularly where it was associated with inflammatory disease. A review of 78 limbal trephinations in individuals over 55 and 77 trabeculectomies (67 under age 55 and ten over age 55) indicated that in younger age groups the overall results were nearly the same with trabeculectomies as with limbal trephination but the subscleral operation is probably safer, especially in younger people with longer life expectancy, and permits freer use of contact lenses postoperatively. PMID- 7341893 TI - Laser vaporization on intracranial tumors. AB - Brain tumors can be treated with the laser. The CO2 laser may be used in several ways. Massive or well-encapsulated tumors may be removed in the usual way and the remnant vaporized by the laser from the depth, dura, or cranium. If the tumor is superficial and not massive, it may be vaporized with the laser immediately. Deep seated tumors may be exposed by incising the overlying cortex with a focused laser beam and the tumor then treated by conventional means or with the laser or both. Cystic tumors must be aspirated and then the laser used to vaporize the cyst wall. Wet cotton pads should be used to protect the brain. The experience with nine brain tumors is reported, pointing out advantages and disadvantages of the laser. A 300 watt CO2 was used for treatment. Measurement of the temperature of the brain 0.5 cm. from the point of vaporization is reported. PMID- 7341894 TI - The stimulatory effect of laser on the physiological healing process of portio surface. PMID- 7341895 TI - Microvasculature can be selectively damaged using dye lasers: a basic theory and experimental evidence in human skin. AB - Basic theoretical considerations of the optical and thermal transfer processes that govern the thermal damage induced in tissue by lasers are discussed. An approximate, predictive model and data are proposed for the purpose of selecting a laser that maximizes damage to cutaneous blood vessels and minimizes damage to the surrounding connective tissue and the overlying epidermis. The variables of wavelength, exposure duration, and incident energy density are modeled, and a flashlamp-pumped dye laser operating at or near the 577 nm absorption band of HbO2, with a pulse width (0.3 microsecond) less than the estimated, approximately 1 millisecond, thermal relaxation times for microvessels is chosen for experimental exposures of normal Caucasian skin. Highly specific laser-induced damage to blood vessels is demonstrated both clinically and histologically. This is in striking contrast to the previously reported widespread, diffuse necrosis caused by other lasers. The incident energy and preliminary observations of wavelength and temperature dependence for vascular damage thresholds are consistent with theoretical predictions. Whereas typically 20 joules/cm2 of argon laser irradiation (514 and 488 nm, approximately 100 msec) is required to induce widespread thermal damage, the pulsed dye laser requires only about 2 joules/cm2 to induce highly specific vascular damage. The potential usefulness of dye laser induced selective vascular damage as a treatment modality for portwine stain hemangiomas and other vascular lesions is discussed. In addition to possible treatment applications, the dye laser or other sources meeting the requirements for producing such damage may also offer a useful experimental tool for inducing predictable damage to microvasculature. Histopathologic and clinical studies related to these possibilities are in progress. PMID- 7341896 TI - [Group allocation by random procedure in field trial (Latin square in working out the list for random allocation) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341897 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in the course of intravenous urography using enlarged quantities of contrast media (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341899 TI - [A contribution to the casuistics of moya-moya disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341898 TI - [Epidemiology of schizophrenia in Croatia - the trend of hospitalization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341900 TI - [Behcet's disease, with a report on a patient with migrating pulmonary infiltrations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341901 TI - [Occupational asthma due to diisocyanate inhalation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341902 TI - [The prevention of pulmonary embolism with low doses of heparin in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341903 TI - [Pancreatitis chronica alcoholica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341904 TI - [The Center District Association of treated alcoholics in Split (author's transl)]. PMID- 7341905 TI - [Between inductivism and deductivism: how biomedical research and clinical medicine come into being]. PMID- 7341906 TI - [Between inductivism and deductivism. Critical considerations on methodology in biomedical research and clinical medicine]. PMID- 7341907 TI - [Biochemical and morphological parameters of rats subjected to intensive physical effort]. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase activity was determined in the liver and skeletal muscle and types of muscle fibers were studied in m.gastrocnemius of male rats subjected to intensive physical exercise. In the skeletal muscle LDH4+5 isozymes activity and percent of white muscle fibers were increased. No changes in LDH activity and morphological parameters were found in the liver. PMID- 7341908 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on the electrogustometric threshold of taste perception]. AB - Using an electrogustometric method studies of the taste sensitivity in 112 smokers and 160 non-smokers were carried out. In order to eliminate the effects of age, standardized electrogustometric thresholds of taste perception for 272 subjects were calculated. Then the mean values of those thresholds for smokers and non-smokers and mean square errors of mean values were computed. With Student's difference test is was indicated that the difference between the mean value of standard electrogustometric threshold of taste perception for the non smoking groups is statistically significant. That means that smoking results in a decreased taste sensitivity, irrespective of the subjects' age. PMID- 7341909 TI - [Temporary shift in the auditory threshold of lumberjacks working with mechanized saws]. AB - The audiometric examinations of motor-sawers exposed to intermittent noise at a level of 98-112 dB (A) for 1-4 hrs daily indicated hearing losses. An index of the potential hearing impairment risk induced by noise is a temporary hearing threshold shift due to that noise exposure. The studies showed not a single temporary hearing threshold shift in motor-sawers after a daily exposure to the saw noise, which implies that the noise does not immediately affect the hearing organ. PMID- 7341910 TI - [Energy expenditure of workers in a copper mill]. AB - The results of the studies of energetic expenditure at 63 different workstations in copper mill were presented. 212 determinations of energetic expenditure were performed with direct colorimetry. 11% of the workstations exhibited a high energetic expenditure and hazardous working environment conditions. The results imply the necessity to modernize the mill and improve the preventive activities within industrial health service. PMID- 7341911 TI - [Neurological assessment of the fitness of young people for learning their future profession]. AB - 2195 pupils finishing the Grammar School were examined neurologically in view of their future professions. Contraindications were determined related to the type of the future work. The contraindications were found in 34.7% of the young people. Many of them were disqualified from professional training in exposure to neurotoxic substances and physical hazards. The limitations related to future work were referred to those exhibiting symptoms of organic nervous system diseases, considerably intensified nervous irritability, headache and those in whom certain of those symptoms coexisted. PMID- 7341912 TI - [Use of methylhippuric test in industry for assessing exposure to xylene]. AB - Usefulness of methylhippuric test for the evaluation of exposure to xylene in industrial conditions were defined. The agreement between the magnitude of absorbed dose of xylene calculated on the basis of xylene concentration in the air and the dose calculated according to the rate of excretion of methylhippuric acid in the urine of workers exposed to solvent was found. PMID- 7341915 TI - Human plasma carboxypeptidase N. PMID- 7341914 TI - Factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor). PMID- 7341913 TI - [Choice of the conditions for collecting urine samples for assessing occupational exposure of electric steel plant workers to nickel, chromium, manganese and copper]. AB - The concentrations of Ni, Cr, Mn and Cu were determined in single urine samples of Electric Steel Works Workers, collected three times during a workshift on the 1st and fourth working days. The obtained results permitted settlement of optimum duration of urine samples collection, i.e. the fourth day after at least four hours. Basing on the determined concentrations of Ni, Cr, Mn and Cu the magnitude of Electric Steel Works workers' exposure was evaluated. PMID- 7341916 TI - Human prolylcarboxypeptidase. PMID- 7341917 TI - Cathepsin G. PMID- 7341918 TI - Cathepsin D from porcine and bovine spleen. PMID- 7341919 TI - Turnover of proteins, cell walls and ribosomal constituents during the growth of actinomycetes. AB - Biochemical reorganizations occurring during the slowdown of growth following the exponential phase in liquid batch cultures of some species of actinomycetes, have been studied. Three main events occur during the reduction of the growth rate. Firstly, there is a decrease of the ribosomal fraction with a drop in r-RNA and ribosomal proteins, and, secondly, protein turnover occurs. This was indicated by changes in the cell protein content, by the appearance of aminated material in the extracellular medium and by drops of the specific activity of some enzymes. Thirdly, there are changes in the cell envelope with a periodic release into the medium of soluble radioactivity from cells prelabelled with tritiated diaminopimelic acid. These cellular reorganizations may be biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of actinomycetes during the transition from nutrient-rich to poorer environments. PMID- 7341920 TI - Comparison of fatty acid fingerprints of streptococci of Lancefield groups A, D, E, F, G, H, K, O, P and Q. AB - Twenty-two strains of Lancefield-groupable streptococci were examined by gas chromatographic analysis of their methyl carboxylic esters. In all cases, their major cellular fatty acids had the retention characteristics of myristic, palmitic and octadecenoic acids. Other peaks present in most strains were due to peaks having the retention characteristics of hexadecenoic, stearic, and octadecenoic acids. The quantitative data sets were compared using the coefficient of linear correlation as a measure of association. It was possible to differentiate between certain serotypes, solely on the basis of fatty acid fingerprint. Members of groups E, F, G, H, K, O, P and Q were more similar to reference strains of groups E, F and Q than to A. PMID- 7341921 TI - [Determination of fibrinogen in human plasma using various methods]. PMID- 7341922 TI - [Hiatal hernia and coronary diseases]. PMID- 7341923 TI - [Complications in total and partial laryngectomy]. PMID- 7341924 TI - [Carcinomas of the epipharynx--study and results]. PMID- 7341926 TI - [Prehospital care of patients with acute myocardial infarct treated at the internal medicine department in the general hospital in Vrbas from 1977 to 1980]. PMID- 7341925 TI - [Crisis intervention - perspectives in the prevention of mental pathology in adolescents]. PMID- 7341927 TI - [Cellular immunity in infectious mononucleosis - a case report]. PMID- 7341928 TI - [Modern diagnosis of endocrine and metabolic disorders]. PMID- 7341929 TI - [Dehiscence of episiotomies at the gynecologic-obstetrical clinic from 1975 to 1980]. PMID- 7341930 TI - [Ulcer disease as a medical and social problem in the region of Vojvodina]. PMID- 7341931 TI - [Health care activities and the staff at the Institute for Pathological Physiology and Laboratory Diagnosis]. PMID- 7341932 TI - [Disorders of hemostasis in liver diseases]. PMID- 7341933 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis and its characteristics in the area of Novi Sad - a 10-year study of patients]. PMID- 7341934 TI - [Biochemical and molecular aspects of myocardial contraction and the pathophysiologic and hemodynamic bases of modern therapy of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7341935 TI - [Comparative analysis of endoscopic, radiographic and histopathologic findings in gastroduodenal diseases]. PMID- 7341936 TI - [Characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Novi Sad]. PMID- 7341937 TI - [Risk factors for the onset of leukemia]. PMID- 7341938 TI - [The importance of function tests in the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome]. PMID- 7341939 TI - [Clinical use of radiosaturation analysis. II. Determination of thyroid hormones]. PMID- 7341940 TI - [Immunodeficiency in myeloma and other paraproteinemias]. PMID- 7341941 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7341942 TI - [Anemia as a common gnostic and therapeutic problem of primary and expanded health care]. PMID- 7341943 TI - [Calcified tumefaction in the left atrium associated with aortic and mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7341944 TI - [A rare form of gluten enteropathy]. PMID- 7341945 TI - [Myocardial infarct in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7341947 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7341946 TI - [Double carcinoma of the colon and colonoscopy]. PMID- 7341948 TI - How shall I slay thee? let me count the ways. PMID- 7341949 TI - Burnout: yes it also happens to veterinarians. PMID- 7341950 TI - Pasteurella bronchopneumonia in adult dairy cattle. PMID- 7341951 TI - Diagnosis of ectoparasitism. AB - A vacuum cleaner fitted with an in-line filter was used to collect samples from suspected cases of ectoparasitic infestation in animals. Filter samples, including hair, were hydrolyzed in hot potassium hydroxide, and the residue was concentrated by flotation in concentrated sugar and then examined under a microscope. The 206 animals examined yielded fleas, flea feces, forage mites, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes, Chorioptes, Psoroptes, Otodectes, Demodex and Damalinia spp. The sensitivity of this technique in the diagnosis of ectoparasites was better than that of conventional skin scrapings or direct observation. PMID- 7341952 TI - Replacement of canine membrana nictitans with a lip graft. PMID- 7341953 TI - Avian practice. PMID- 7341954 TI - Dietary-induced parathyroid hyperplasia in a macaw. PMID- 7341955 TI - Lesions of the bull's prepuce. PMID- 7341956 TI - Rabies in a ewe and a 6-week-old lamb. PMID- 7341957 TI - Pulmonary histoplasmosis in a dog. PMID- 7341958 TI - Baby seal formula. PMID- 7341959 TI - Treatment of severed achilles tendons in a calf and kid. PMID- 7341960 TI - Bovine lameness associated with osteosclerosis. PMID- 7341961 TI - Amino acid sequence studies of human properdin--N-terminal sequence analysis and alignment of the fragments produced by limited proteolysis with trypsin and the peptides produced by cyanogen bromide treatment. PMID- 7341962 TI - Inhibitory effect of sugars on the spontaneous lysis of EAC1-8. PMID- 7341964 TI - National cancer institute monographs. PMID- 7341963 TI - Evidence for two distinct Fc receptors on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7341965 TI - N-Substituted aryl compounds in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. AB - A brief history of the development of synthetic dyes derived from aromatic amines is given and the later consequences on workers' health. Metabolic studies and carcinogenicity tests of aromatic amines showed that the differences in susceptibility of various species to the amines cannot always be explained on the basis of metabolic handling of amines. Tests for mutagenicity of aromatic amines in histidine-dependent strains of the bacterium. Salmonella typhimurium, are often useful as indicators of possible carcinogens. However, the mutagenicity tests gave a false positive result when compared with those from carcinogenicity studies of the same compounds. PMID- 7341966 TI - Microsomal N- and C-oxidations of carcinogenic aromatic amines and amides. AB - Date on N-oxidation (activation step) and C-oxidation (inactivation step) of various carcinogenic aromatic amines and amides by liver microsomes from several species are reviewed. Cytochrome P450 involvement in both N-and ring hydroxylation of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) is discussed. Data on reconstitution studies with rat and hamster liver microsomes indicated that all 3 components, cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and a lipid are required for N-and ring-hydroxylation of 2-FAA. Specificity in these oxidations is in the cytochrome P450 fraction. PMID- 7341967 TI - Glucuronide formation in the metabolism of N-substituted aryl compounds. AB - N-Glucuronide conjugates of N-arylhydroxylamines and O-glucuronides of N-acetyl-N arylhydroxylamines may play significant roles in the extrahepatic carcinogenicity of arylamines by serving as stable transport forms of metabolically activated precursors. In extrahepatic target organs, these glucuronides can undergo pH dependent hydrolytic reactions to liberate an activated metabolite or one capable of being further activated. PMID- 7341968 TI - Occupational exposure to aromatic amines: benzidine and benzidine-based dyes. AB - Large-scale production of aromatic amines that serve as intermediates in the aniline dye industry began in this country during World War I. In the United States, the first known occupationally induced aromatic amine cancers of the bladder were observed at a dye factory in 1931. Additional cases of benzidine related bladder cancer was subsequently reported at this same facility and at numerous other dye works in this country and throughout the world. In 1974, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration promulgated a standard to control the production and use of benzidine in the workplace. Although hazards associated with benzidine exposure have been reduced, a carcinogenic risk due to benzidine based dye exposure is now apparent. In addition, several dyes produced from o tolidine and o-dianisidine, carcinogenic compounds structurally related to benzidine, have demonstrated metabolism to their respective parent compounds. The history of occupational bladder cancer in the United States is traced and measures taken by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to reduce exposure to this hazard are described. PMID- 7341969 TI - Formation, metabolic activation by N, O-acyltransfer, and hydrolysis of N-acyl-N arylamine derivatives. AB - Amines and hydroxylamines can be produced from N-substituted aryl compounds by many organisms. Both functional groups can by N-acetylated enzymatically be preparations from the tissues of most mammalian species. The N-acylated products are subject to further metabolism including oxidation, hydrolysis, conjugation, or, with arylhydroxamic acids, N-O-acyltransfer. These reactions are of concern because they lead to changes in the levels of compounds that can alter tissue macromolecules. Select N-hydroxyarylamines and N-acyloxyarylamines can react with nucleic acid, and the hydroxylamines are mutagenic in bacterial systems. Thus the relative rates of these biochemical reactions within an organism may determine whether exposure to an arylamine will cause an adverse biologic effect. The ability of an arylamine to induce tumors reflects the composite effects of genetic determinants (i.e., species, strain, sex, and organ) as well as exposure to xenobiotic compounds because these factors modulate the metabolic pathways crucial to the carcinogenic process. The extreme genetic differences in the levels of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of N-acyl derivatives of arylamines in man and experimental animals offers an experimental approach that may aid in elucidating the mechanisms by which these compounds induce cancer. PMID- 7341970 TI - Formation of N-2-fluorenylhydroxylamine adducts of DNA in vivo and in vitro and some of their properties. AB - The major 2-fluorenylamine-DNA derivative formed in vivo in rat liver after application of N-2-flourencylacetamide is N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2 fluorenylamine. This nucleoside, hydrolyzed under mild alkaline conditions with the opening of the imidazole ring, formed two pyrimidine derivatives which can be separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography on silica. The hydrolysis reaction was catalyzed by metal ions and alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7341971 TI - Specific aromatic amines as occupational bladder carcinogens. AB - The effect of specific aromatic amines in inducing bladder cancer among industrial workers exposed to these chemicals is documented. Most occupational bladder tumors are recognized to be due to 4 chemicals: 4-aminobiphenyl, 2 naphthylamine, benzidine, and commercial 1-naphthylamine that is contaminated with the 2-isomer. The consequences of this exposure are discussed. PMID- 7341972 TI - Identification of the DNA adducts formed in vitro from N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene and in rat liver in vivo after administration of N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene. AB - The synthetic model ultimate carcinogen N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene reacted in vitro with either calf thymus or rat liver DNA to yield approximately 1 bound residue per 1,000 nucleotides. The DNA was enzymatically hydrolyzed and subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis which indicated the presence of at least 6 N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) adducts. Two of the products cochromatographed with MAB-DNA adducts formed in rat liver in vivo following oral administration of the precarcinogen MAB. These two adducts were identified by UV, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)- and 3-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-MAB: the first adduct was initially the predominant product in vivo, ut it could not be detected 7 days after treatment, and the second remained at a constant level for 14 days and therefore appeared to be a persistent lesion. PMID- 7341973 TI - DNA adducts formed from N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene in vitro and from N, N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene in mouse liver. AB - Reaction of N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene with (14C) deoxyguanosine yielded a series of at least 10 dye derivatives separable by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene, was present as both cis and trans isomers. Similar series of adducts were obtained from enzymatic digests of DNA reacted in vitro with N benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene or from hepatic DNA of (C57BL/6 x C3H/He)F, males given injections at 12 days of age of [prime ring-(3)H]N, N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene. The concentrations of the major adduct and of the second most prominent adduct in the hepatic DNA, after correction for liver growth, were approximately 30 to 70% of the initial values after 10 days; thus the second adduct was poorly removed in comparison to the major adduct. PMID- 7341974 TI - Significance of metabolic activation and binding to nucleic acids of aminostilbene derivatives in vivo. AB - Comparison of metabolite binding of several aminostilbene-related compounds to rat liver macromolecules in vivo supported the concept that metabolic activation is a prerequisite for biologic activity. Carcinogenic trans-4 dimethylaminostilbene and trans-4-acetylaminostilbene bound more strongly to DNA than the biologically less active cis-4-acetylaminostilbene and 4 dimethylaminobibenzyl by more than ten times. Hydroxamic acid esters did not appear to be the major metabolites which ultimately reacted with nucleic acids. The primary biochemical lesions are not correlated with tissue susceptibility. Total binding of trans-4-dimethylaminostilbene metabolites to nucleic acids was highest in the liver, about one-fifth of that total amount in the kidney, less than one-fifth in the lung and glandular stomach (which is the target tissue for acute toxicity), and still less in the forestomach and Zymbal's gland, the tissue in which tumors arise after repeated administration of test compounds to female Wistar rats. In the nontarget tissues, i.e., liver and kidney, nucleic acid binding was not only initially high but also persistent. Therefore, the exposure related, primary biochemical lesion could not be linked to the biologic lesion. Tissue-specific parameters, other than those related to metabolic activation, are proposed to determine the biologic effect. PMID- 7341975 TI - Determinants of nucleic acid adduct formation. AB - Although N-aryl- or N-acetyl-N-arylnitrenium ions are considered the reactive species in the attack of many aromatic amines or amides on biologic macromolecules, a coherent picture explaining the variety of reactions of the ultimate carcinogens from which they are derived has not been established. Self consistent field-molecular orbital calculations were used to attempt to understand the reactions of 3 ultimate carcinogens in the aromatic amine class. The MINDO/3 calculations for the cations resulting from loss of acetate from 3 acetoxyxanthine, N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-AcO-2-FAA) and N-acetoxy-4 acetamidostilbene show that these cations are unlikely to exist in a triplet state, contrary to experimental data which could be interpreted otherwise. Iterative extended Huckel theory calculations for these cations show that the reactions which suggested a triplet state may be explained on the basis of hard/soft-acid/base theory. Electrostatic potential maps combined with frontier orbital theory suggest a coherent explanation for the variety of reactions of N AcO-2-FAA. The use of the polyelectronic perturbation theory has previously been shown to predict correctly the major product of reaction between guanosine and 5 ultimate carcinogens. I have shown here that the unmodified theory (using Huckel molecular orbital theory) further predicts the major product of reaction between DNA and N-hydroxy-2-naphthyl-amine, but that it predicts secondary products incorrectly. PMID- 7341976 TI - N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced conformational and functional damage to DNA. AB - Conformational and functional changes induced in DNA by N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2 FAA) modification are described. The carcinogen was bound to the C-8 and to N(2) positions of guanosine (G) residues and also formed a deacetylated N-2 fluorenamine (2-FA) adduct. Modification of G residues at the C-8 position caused a large conformational distortion in DNA expressed in a "base displacement model." According to this model, the G residue rotated from the preferred anti to syn positions, and the bulky 2-FAA residue was inserted into the DNA helix and displaced the G residue. The conformational distortion in DNA was detectable by single-strand specific S(1) nuclease digestion. On the other hand, substitution of 2-FAA on the N(2) position of G did not produce a major change in conformation of the DNA helix, and this was not recognized by S(1) nuclease splitting. On the basis of circular dichroism, proton magnetic resonance, and S(1) nuclease digestion data, it seemed that 2-FA-induced damage to DNA was less than that induced by 2-FAA modification of G at the C-8 position. Finally, effects induced by 2-FAA on RNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo systems and the possible relationship between the repair mechanisms and conformational damage of DNA are discussed. PMID- 7341978 TI - Detection and quantitation of acetylated and deacetylated N-2-fluorenylacetamide DNA adducts by radioimmunoassay. AB - Antibody raised in rabbits has been used for the detection of picomole quantities of the major adducts formed upon interaction of activated N-acetoxy-2 fluorenylacetamide (N-AcO-2-FAA) with DNA. By radioimmunoassay the quantitation of N(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-FAA and N(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-fluorenamine and discernment of the proportion of each in a mixture are possible. The antibody does not recognize the minor adduct 3-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-2-FAA, 2-FAA, or DNA and is therefore specific for the acetylated and deacetylated C-8 adducts. We used the radioimmunoassay to detect and quantitate these adducts in DNA from several types of cultured cells exposed to 10(-5) M N-AcO-2-FAA. Levels of bound C-8 adducts varied between 100 to 200 fmol/micrograms DNA for all cells investigated. In all cells except primary rat hepatocytes, 95-97% of the C-8 adducts were in the deacetylated form, but in the rat hepatocytes, 80% of the C-8 adducts were acetylated. Our attempts to manipulate the amount and proportion of C-8 adducts bound to the DNA of primary BALB/c epidermal cells met with success in two areas. When cells were exposed to the carcinogen in the absence of serum, total binding and the percentage of acetylation were increased twofold to threefold. Also, in the presence of paraoxon, 99% of the binding and the formation of all deacetylated C-8 adducts were inhibited. We also used the radioimmunoassay to monitor repair of C-8 adducts from the DNA of BALB/c epidermal cells and normal human fibroblasts (YDF line) for 24 hours after removal of the carcinogen-containing culture medium. During this interval, the BALB/c epidermal cells and YDF cells removed approximately 40 and 50%, respectively, of the C-8 adducts from the DNA. These studies demonstrated that carcinogen-DNA adduct antibodies are useful for determining specific adducts in investigations related to aromatic amine carcinogenesis. PMID- 7341977 TI - Structural modification and protein recognition of DNA modified by N-2 fluorenylacetamide, its 7-iodo derivative, and by N-2-fluorenamine. AB - Several experimental approaches were used to compare the structural modifications introduced by the binding to DNA of N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenamine and of N-acetoxy-N 2-fluorenylacetamide and its 7-iodo derivative. In the three binding reactions, the major part of the substitution occurred at C-8 of guanine. Formaldehyde unwinding, hydrolysis by endonuclease S(1), linear electric dichroism, circular dichroism, use of antibodies, unwinding of covalently closed circular DNA, and binding of tripeptide were thus successively examined. Most of the techniques showed marked differences between the different modified DNA's. However, some experiments failed to show discrimination between the induced structural alterations. These specific points are discussed. On the basis of all the available experimental evidence and after examination of the Cory-Pauling-Koltun molecular model, we proposed three models of DNA binding at the C-8 of the guanine residue with 1) the 7-iodo derivative (outside binding) 2), N-acetoxy-N-2 fluorenylacetamide (insertion-denaturation) and 3) N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenamine (insertion without denaturation). PMID- 7341979 TI - Repair of DNA damage induced in human fibroblasts by N-substituted aryl compounds. PMID- 7341980 TI - Mammalian culture systems for the study of genetic effects of N-substituted aryl compounds. AB - Liver-derived intact cell systems are useful for examination of the genetic effects of N-substituted aryl compounds. With freshly isolated hepatocytes, the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test detects the genotoxicity of a spectrum of activation-dependent aryl amines and amides. Likewise, continuous lines of adult rat liver epithelial cells are mutated at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl locus by such compounds. Hepatocyte-mediated mutagenesis enhances the activation of aromatic amines to mutagenic metabolites. These intact cell systems provide a balance of detoxification and activation reactions for evaluation of tissue profiles of metabolism and capability for the production of genotoxic metabolites. PMID- 7341981 TI - Transformation of hamster embryo cells by aromatic amines. AB - a mammalian cell transformation system that required cryopreserved primary cultures of Syrian golden hamster embryo cells was used in the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of 46 structurally related aromatic amines. The results generally correlated with those obtained with animal bioassay systems. However, several carcinogenic compounds required the addition of an exogenous metabolic activation system provided by hamster liver S9 homogenate enzymes or cultured hepatocytes to transform the hamster embryo cells. PMID- 7341982 TI - Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Comutagenic Aromatic Amines in Human Foods. AB - Three recent topics related to possible exposure of humans to mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amines and related compounds in foods are reviewed. A food additive, AF-2,2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide, was first demonstrated to be mutagenic in Escherichia coli WP-2 and then proved to be carcinogenic in experimental animals. This is an example of prediction of the carcinogenicity of a compound from results of short-term microbial tests. Pyrolysates of amino acids, proteins, and foods high in a protein contain many heterocyclic aromatic amine compounds. For example, a tryptophan pyrolysate contains two derivatives ofamino-gamma-carboline(pyridoindole), and a glutamicd acid pyrolysate contains two derivatives of djipyridoimidazole. These compounds are strong frameshift mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium. Some of them were carcinogenic in an in vitro transformation test and were also carcinogenic when injected sc into hamsters and rats and when given orally to mice. Carcinogenic aromatic amines, such as aniline, and o-toluidine and yellow OB were demonstrated to be mutagenic in the presence of the beta-carboline, norharman, with S-9 mix. Diphenylnitrosamine was also mutagenic in the presence of norharman, which is present in tobacco tar and broiled food. These mutagenicities of aniline, o-toluidine, yellow OB, and diphenylnitrosamine are discussed in relation to an evaluation of compounds as environmental carcinogens from the results of short-term microbial tests. PMID- 7341983 TI - Some conclusions derived from a liver model for carcinogenesis. AB - A new model of liver cancer development with chemicals is described. This model was based on the hypothesis that chemical carcinogens induced as a first step altered hepatocytes that are resistant to the inhibitory effect of a carcinogen, such as N-2-fluorenylacetamide, on cell proliferation. After the administration of a single initiating dose of a carcinogen, the rare resistant hepatocyte is selected by the creation of a special selection pressure, consisting of a stimulus for cell proliferation in the presence of an environment that inhibits normal hepatocyte proliferation. The latter is created by brief exposure to dietary N-2-fluorenylacetamide. With this approach, initiated hepatocytes and large hyperplastic liver nodules can be rapidly induced in a synchronized fashion. A direct material continuity between resistant hepatocytes, foci, and nodules of such cells (hyperplastic nodules) and hepatocellular carcinoma was established with diethylnitrosamine as the initiating carcinogen. The use of the resistant cell model has shown that initiation consisted of at least two steps, the second of which is a compulsory round of cell proliferation. With this model, three mechanisms of promotion in the liver are suggested: differential inhibition, differential stimulation, and differential recovery. The relationship of these early changes to liver cancer development is discussed. PMID- 7341984 TI - Initiation and promotion of liver tumorigenesis. PMID- 7341985 TI - Urinary bladder carcinogenesis with N-substituted aryl compounds: initiation and promotion. AB - Aromatic amines have been implicated in the etiology of bladder cancer in humans since Rehn observed the disease in 3 workers in the German aniline dye industry in 1895. 2-Naphthylamine was identified 40 years later as one of the carcinogens in tests involving the feeding of the chemical to dogs. The discovery of N-2 fluorenylacetamide as a carcinogen in rodents inducing tumors of the bladder and other organs provided a more inexpensive and rapid model for the study of bladder carcinogenesis. The metabolic activation pathways of aromatic amine and amide compounds has been extensively examined. In the 1960's, organ-specific rodent models were discovered with the use of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine, N [4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide, or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Recent experiments have demonstrated that bladder carcinogenesis can be divided into two stages similar to the initiation-promotion model in mouse skin. Possible promoters have included sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate, and tryptophan. Certain metabolites of the latter compound are also N-substituted aryl compounds. Lastly, recent studies of the relationship of urine to the carcinogenic process in the bladder indicate that it can act as a promoting agent as well as a carrier of carcinogenic substances. PMID- 7341986 TI - The metabolic basis for inhibitory effects in chemical carcinogenesis by arylamines. AB - The inhibition of the carcinogenicity of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) by acetanilide (AA), p-hydroxyacetanilide (p-OH-AA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and chloramphenicol is reviewed. The mechanisms of action by which inhibition may occur are as follows: 1) inhibition of the binding of the activated metabolite of FAA to cellular macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins), 2) changes in the amount of the N-hydroxylated metabolite, believed to be the first step of activation of FAA, formed and excreted in the urine, 3) induction of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase which increases the formation of glucosiduronic acid that results in a rapid excretion of the carcinogens, 4) depletion of sulfate by p-OH-AA, the major metabolite of AA. The sulfate ion is required for the second activation step, i.e., the formation of the sulfate ester of N-OH-FAA. The data show several of the inhibitors may operate by one or more of the above mechanisms of inhibition. PMID- 7341987 TI - Metabolic studies in vivo with arylamines. AB - Metabolic experiments have furnished leads on both the detoxification and activation pathways for aromatic amines. These consist largely of C- and N hydroxylation, followed by conjugation with glucuronic or sulfuric acid, although other mechanisms may be involved. Current emphasis is on the N-hydroxylated derivatives as a precursor to the activated carcinogen. Metabolic patterns have furnished leads in some cases to account for the differences in susceptibility of various species to the carcinogenic aromatic amines, but discrepancies also occur. PMID- 7341988 TI - Antigenic type of fowl plague virus isolated in Japan in 1925. PMID- 7341989 TI - Role of delayed type hypersensitivity in mice inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (Strain CH-91). PMID- 7341990 TI - Dermanyssus nipponensis sp. nov. taken from Japanese green woodpecker indigenous to Japan (Acari: Mesostigmata). PMID- 7341991 TI - Susceptibility of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causal agent of contagious equine metritis, to 31 antimicrobial agents. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 31 antimicrobial agents were determined for 99 isolates of Haemophilus equigenitalis by the agar dilution method. All the isolates showed good susceptibility to 26 antimicrobial agents tests, minimal inhibitory concentrations of which were less than 3.13 micrograms/ml for more than 90% of the isolates. Of these agents, 4 macrolides (erythromycin, oleandomycin, kitasamycin, tylosin), 3 tetracyclines (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline), 1 peptide (colistin), 1 penicillin (ampicillin) and 1 pleuromutilin (tiamulin) were the most active agents, showing a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 0.39 micrograms/ml for more than 90% of the isolates. The growth of more than 90% of the isolates was not inhibited by 800 micrograms/ml of streptomycin. PMID- 7341992 TI - Occurrence of bovine dermatophilosis in the southernmost islands of Japan. AB - Such cutaneous symptoms as characteristic incrustation and alopecia were noticed in 25 calves of the indigenous Japanese Black breed grazing on subtropical islands in Japan over a period of April, 1978 to February, 1980. These islands were Ishigaki, Kuro, Yonaguni and Tarama belonging to the Sakishima Islands. Microbiological and pathological examination on three of these calves revealed that the calves were affected with dermatophilosis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. The disease in these calves seemed to be the same as that reported previously in other countries, since it attacked young calves in a humid district with an abundant rainfall. It broke out first on Ishigaki Island and subsequently on the other islands in 3 years. Discussion was made on factors inducing these outbreaks. PMID- 7341993 TI - Isolation of reovirus type 1 from calves in Japan. PMID- 7341994 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus equigenitalis from an aborted equine fetus. PMID- 7341995 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of rheoencephalography in diagnosing chronic cerebral circulatory failure]. AB - Rheoencephalographic, electroencephalographic and echoencephalographic investigations were carried out in 44 patients with chronic cerebral circulatory failure aged from 49 to 79 years, and in a control group of 20 subjects in similar age range. The results of REG investigations suggested impaired elasticity and increased tonus of vascular walls in patients with cerebral circulatory failure. In comparison with EEG and EchoEG and REG investigation seems to be a more useful method for estimating the state of cerebral circulation. PMID- 7341996 TI - [Differentiation of brain tumors and vascular diseases based on electroencephalographic tracings after relanium administration using automatic EEG analysis]. PMID- 7341997 TI - [5 cases of the cough-syncope syndrome]. PMID- 7341998 TI - [Prophylactic inoculations and seizure activity in the EEG]. AB - Bioelectric activity of the brain was investigated after Di-Te vaccination in healthy children. Seventeen healthy, randomly selected children aged 6-7 and 14 years were studied. EEG investigations showed appearance of significant changes in 13 out of 17 children. The main finding was appearance of previously absent or intensification of previously present seizure activity. Serial recording obtained in 10 children showed return of the initial state after about 3 weeks. PMID- 7341999 TI - [Lysozyme concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with epilepsy and subacute sclerosing encephalitis]. AB - Lysozyme concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined in 21 children with epilepsy and 22 children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. In most children in both groups the concentration of the enzyme was in the range of control values, but in the remaining children it was above the upper limit of these values. No correlation was demonstrated between lysozyme concentration and total protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. The causes of raised values of cerebrospinal concentration in these children are discussed. PMID- 7342000 TI - [Thyrotropic and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) content in Horton' s headache patients]. AB - In 18 men with Horton's headaches the levels of the following hormones were determined in the serum: TSH, T3 and T4. The determinations were performed during disease relapse and before starting treatment. The control group included 18 blood donors. In the control group the mean TSH level was 3.97 +/- 0.88 microunits/ml, T4 level was 109.06 +/- 26.88 nmol/l, and T3 1.48 +/- 0.14 nmol/l. In the group of patients the mean values were: 2.58 +/- 2.09 microunits/ml, 97.62 +/- 21.81 nmol/l, 1.07 +/- 0.21 nmol/l respectively. The analysis of the results showed statistically significant differences in the concentrations of T3 between the compared groups. In the light of these results the authors believe that there is not sufficient support of the hypothesis on a hypothalamic pathogenesis of the disease. The causes of reduced T3 concentration in these patients are discussed. PMID- 7342001 TI - [Attempt at the classification of chronic and recurrent headaches]. AB - The authors describe a proposal of classification of chronic and recurrent headaches based on criteria different from those used as yet. The initial criterion of headache classification was its extent and location: 1) diffuse, 2) partial, 3) posterior, b) anterior, 3)localized. Another element is: 1) unequivical or 2) non-unequivical clinical pattern. Definite clinical entities, probable aetiological factors, or possible pathological mechanisms are referred to definite extent and localization, and unequivocal or non-unequivocal clinical patterns. PMID- 7342002 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of the spinal canal using a nonionic contrast medium]. AB - In 320 cases contrast investigations of the vertebral column were carried out injecting by lumbar tap Metrizamide in 174 cases and Amipaque in 126 cases. In 259 cases the investigation was limited to the lumbar part, in 25 cases to the thoracic part, and in 19 cases to the cervical part of the spine. In 12 cases the whole vertebral canal was explored in this way. In 5 cases only epidurography was done. Very good or good contrast filling of the dural sac was obtained in the thoracolumbar segment using contrast medium 200 mg I/ml. In some cases this degree of concentration was inadequate for good visualization of the cervical segment. Side effects included headaches in 52%, nausea in 15%, vomiting in 4% of cases. In 28% of cases fever up to 38 degrees C was observed on the first day after the procedure. In 8 cases of repeated radiculography no evidence of arachnitis was demonstrated. PMID- 7342003 TI - [Surgical treatment results in intracranial aneurysms]. AB - Therapeutic results are reported in 115 patients operated upon for intracranial aneurysms using the microsurgical technique from Yasargil's approach. Elimination of the aneurysm from the circulation by clipping its pedicle was done in 94 cases (82%), trapping of the afferent artery (12%), in 7 cases (6%) only the wall of the aneurysmatic sac was strengthened by wrapping. A good therapeutic result was obtained in 68 patients (59.1%), satisfactory in 6 (5.2%), poor in 13 (11.3%). The overall mortality was 24.4% (28 cases) but after taking into account 4 patients dying due to extracerebral causes, the mortality caused by complications related to exclusion of the aneurysm from cerebral circulation was 20%. The factors influencing the results of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms are discussed in the light of the own material. PMID- 7342004 TI - [Intensive treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage with objective worsening of patient status]. AB - In the years 1971-1978 a group of 915 patients with subarachnoideal haemorrhage were treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy in Cracow. Surgical treatment was applied in 584 cases (63.82%). In 92 cases (10.05%) intensive treatment vas applied in view of deterioration in the course of the disease. The patients requiring intensive treatment were divided into 3 groups depending on the time of deterioration development (recurrence of subarachnoideal haemorrhage--27%, after angiography--11%, after surgical elimination of the aneruysm from the circulation--62%). The authors discuss the clinical symptoms and signs of deterioration, therapeutic management and nutrition. In the group with deterioration 76.08% of patients died, including 47.82% after operations. Deterioration was survived by 23.91%. PMID- 7342005 TI - [Case of encephalitis with an atypical course]. PMID- 7342006 TI - [Symmetrical thinning of the parietal bones]. PMID- 7342008 TI - Age-dependence of human refractive errors. PMID- 7342007 TI - [Craniocerebral injury complicated by toxic epidermolysis]. PMID- 7342009 TI - The physiological background to amblyopia treatment by rotating gratings. AB - This paper contains a brief description of the new treatment for functional amblyopia introduced by Banks et al. (1978). The ways in which this treatment might stimulate the cells of the visual cortex by means of a high-contrast grating, of continuously changing orientation and selective spatial frequency, are discussed in terms of the normal visual system. Published studies of the effectiveness of the technique in improving vision are reviewed. PMID- 7342010 TI - Automated refraction in aphakia--1. Its accuracy and repeatability compared to a single-practitioner conventional technique. PMID- 7342012 TI - A new look at reading additions: the magnification method. PMID- 7342011 TI - Some theoretical factors governing the accuracy of corneal-thickness measurement. PMID- 7342013 TI - [On conservative treatment of complications following cervical oesophagus perforation by foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342014 TI - [Assessment of the usefulness of silastic implants in the treatment of nasal deformities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342015 TI - [Late results of ozaena treatment with grafts of allogenic costal cartilage sterilized by radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342017 TI - [Analysis of surgical treatment of otosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342016 TI - [Tarflen prosthesis used in surgical treatment of otosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342018 TI - [Ototoxicity of gentamicin and furosemide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342019 TI - [Differentiation of slight differences in tone frequency in subjects with perceptive hearing impairment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342020 TI - [Assessment of the value of temporal shift of hearing threshold in extended range of high frequencies depending on the number of years of occupational exposure to noise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342021 TI - [A contribution to lateral neck tumors--metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342022 TI - [Frontal sinus papillomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342023 TI - [On pterygoid canal nerve neurectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342024 TI - Treatment of severe tetanus with mechanical ventilation in developing country. PMID- 7342025 TI - Edema in oral rehydration. PMID- 7342026 TI - A child with pheochromocytoma and malignant hypertension. PMID- 7342027 TI - Gastroenterological and immunological aspects of cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy. PMID- 7342028 TI - Preliminary experimental contribution to the study of possible carcinogenic activity of two herbicides containing atrazine-simazine and trifuralin as active principles. PMID- 7342029 TI - [Barrett's epithelium and adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction: an anatomopathological contribution to their interpretation]. PMID- 7342030 TI - [Pulmonary embolism. Anatomopathological study of 725 cases]. PMID- 7342031 TI - [Histiocytoid hemangioma. Report of 2 cases in rare sites]. PMID- 7342032 TI - ["Endometrial" carcinoma of the prostate. Morphological and hormonal data]. PMID- 7342033 TI - [Diagnostic pitfalls in needle biopsies in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7342034 TI - [Comparative histochemical study of the mechanism of action of 2 synthetic mucolytic agents, NA 872 and NA 274]. PMID- 7342035 TI - [An unusual case of intestinal lymphangiectasis and massive infestation with Trichuris trichiuria with a biopsy study of the intestinal mucosa]. PMID- 7342036 TI - [Hypervascular botryoid leiomyoma]. PMID- 7342037 TI - Angiolipoma of the breast. PMID- 7342038 TI - [Localization of Hodgkin's lymphoma in hepatic angiomas]. PMID- 7342040 TI - [Ultrasonic evaluation of the pancreatic mass lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342039 TI - [The Kaufman-McKusick syndrome. Report of a second family]. PMID- 7342041 TI - [The posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius on the lateral plain chest radiograph (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342042 TI - [Clinical studies on computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of lung cancer, mediastinal and thoracic wall tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342043 TI - [Radiation therapy of endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342044 TI - [Identification and mapping of thorotrast in tissue by an analytical electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342045 TI - [Functional disorders of the small airways in chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 7342046 TI - [Light microscopic studies of the bronchial mucous membrane in chronic nonspecific bronchitis]. PMID- 7342047 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the bronchial epithelium in chronic nonspecific bronchitis]. PMID- 7342048 TI - [Evaluation of the behavior of intravascular granulocyte pools in bronchial asthma patients treated with Kenalog]. PMID- 7342049 TI - [Evaluation of Euphylline-retard based on the measurement of theophylline concentration in the blood serum and spirometric parameters]. PMID- 7342050 TI - [Wegener's syndrome with localized changes in the upper respiratory tracts, lungs, kidneys and eyes treated with immunosuppressive agents and observed for 6 1/2 years]. PMID- 7342051 TI - [Effect of a methylated derivative of prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dimethyl PGE2) on the human cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7342052 TI - [Minimal and possible optimal protein and electrolyte requirements in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7342053 TI - [Correct preparation of the text of a scientific paper for publication. I. General principles of editing the paper]. PMID- 7342054 TI - [Achondroplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342055 TI - [Post-traumatic pseudohydronephrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342056 TI - [Value of angioscintigraphy in the diagnosis of adrenal phaeochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342057 TI - [Clinical value of isotope methods in adrenal morphology investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342059 TI - [Adaptation of Pentacon EAR 320 (GDR) automatic dark room for work with Polish materials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342060 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the arteria obturatoria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342058 TI - [Radiospirometry and perfusion scintigraphy in cases of limited pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342061 TI - [Pleural abscess]. PMID- 7342062 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholecystopancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342064 TI - Symposium on Prostatic Cancer. Tokyo, Japan, November 26, 1980. PMID- 7342063 TI - [Ultrasonography and computer tomography in the diagnosis of certain abdominal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342065 TI - Pathomorphological studies on carcinoma of the prostate in Japan. AB - Latent carcinoma of the prostate in Japan is reviewed in terms of its prevalence and frequency in different age groups. Analysis of mortality rates in different geographic regions of Japan reflect a predominance of younger men in industrialized areas. Results of combination therapy (radiotherapy and hormonal therapy) are reviewed. PMID- 7342066 TI - Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The results of megavoltage radiotherapy by linear accelerator for the prostatic cancer are reported. Most of the patients were treated with combined radiation and hormone therapy. Five-year survival rates in stages B, C, and D were 91.7%, 58.9%, and 25.3%, respectively. Patients with stage C disease did poorly following radiotherapy compared to stage A and B patients. Improvement of overall status and atrophy of prostatic lesions was more frequently observed in stage B than in stage C disease. The post-therapeutic course was good in those patients in whom the prostate atrophied, and when this was combined with an absence of detectable cancer cells, the post-therapeutic course was excellent. Many patients who experienced only general improvement or no change in prostate size after irradiation experienced reactivation or developed metastasis. PMID- 7342067 TI - Radiation therapy for prostatic cancer. AB - From 1962 to 1980, 124 patients were hospitalized for treatment of prostatic cancer. Of these, a total of 115 underwent radiation therapy. Thirty-five patients were classified as stages I and II, 12 as stage III, and 77 as stage IV. The five-year survival rate for patients in stages I and II was 72% in the radiation therapy group and 33% in the nonradiation therapy group. In stages III and IV, there was no difference in survival rate between the radiation and nonradiation therapy groups. Histological examination of prostate tissues of patients treated by radiation therapy revealed various degrees of change in the cancer cells, ranging from degeneration to disappearance. The degree of change was not related to the stage of the disease. Also, no histological differences in prostate specimens from patients who received 4,000-5,000 rads versus 5,000-6,000 rads was observed. Rectal examination indicated that radiation therapy was effective in 93% of the patients in stages I and II, 75% in the stage III, and 71% in the stage IV. The rates of reactivation were 28% for stages I and II, 12% for stage III, and 43% for stage IV. PMID- 7342068 TI - Diagnostic procedures for assessment of disease extent in prostatic carcinoma. AB - Staging of carcinoma of the prostate was performed on patients using Watanabe's method of transrectal ultrasonotomography (N = 37), pedal lymphography (N = 10), and bone scanning with technetium phosphate (N = 35). Of 14 patients found to have tumor confined within the prostate following routine examination, 4 were elevated to a higher disease stage after sonographic evaluation. Thirty-two percent of 25 patients with normal bone X-rays had abnormal bone scans. Four cases with positive node metastases on lymphogram had already presented with skeletal involvement. The values of these techniques in the assessment of disease extent in prostatic carcinoma are compared and briefly discussed. PMID- 7342069 TI - Introduction: the clinical and research programs of Japan National Prostatic Cancer Project Team. PMID- 7342070 TI - Transurethral ultrasonotomography of the prostate. AB - Newly developed transurethral ultrasonic scanners were used to study 20 patients with histologically proven prostatic cancer. Fifty-two patients with or without other prostatic disease were also evaluated. The characteristic findings of prostatic cancer were asymmetry of the shape (85%), ill-defined contour (75%), protruded areas from the boundary (70%), elongation of anteroposterior diameter (65%), and enlargement of the prostate (65%). In addition, transurethral ultrasonography delineated a clearer contour of the prostate compared with the transrectal procedure. PMID- 7342071 TI - Comparative examination of three radioimmunoassay kits for human prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Three commercial radioimmunoassay kits for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were compared on the basis of their ability to measure the enzyme in normal male sera. These kits, issued by Eiken ICL (EIK), Clinical Assays (CLA), and Mallinckrodt (MKT), could measure the serum samples containing PAP above normal levels with precision and reproducibility, and showed excellent linearity on the dilution tests and good correlation with the enzymatic activity. PAP in the serum did not lose immunoreactivity for two weeks if stored below 4 degrees C. However, the sensitivity of CLA and MKT kits should be improved to give reliable values for normal sera with lower PAP contents (less than 1 ng/ml). The upper mean + 2 SD normal limits in ng/ml obtained with these kits were 2.2 (MKT), 2.5 (EIK), and 2.8 (CLA). Some differences in the purity of the standard preparations among these kits were also found. These kits gave different assays values for PAP control sera from CLA and multipurpose QC-RIA sera from Eiken ICL. PMID- 7342072 TI - Total retropubic prostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Total prostatectomy is an effective mode of therapy for early carcinoma of the prostate. This report deals with 74 patients who underwent total retropubic prostatectomy at our hospitals during a 23-year period. The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages A and B, C, and D carcinomas were 84.1, 40.1, and 12.7% respectively. The total 5-year survival rate was 56.1%. The 10-year survival rates compare favorably with those of any other mode of therapy. The histological grade was highly significant with respect to prognosis. Combined orchiectomy with total prostatectomy was effective. Operative mortality was 4.05% (3 patients), and the main complication was incontinence. We strongly believe that total prostatectomy is the only curative treatment for early carcinoma of the prostate. This procedure should be utilized more frequently. PMID- 7342073 TI - Evaluation of chemotherapy of prostatic cancer in nude mice. AB - The effect of chemotherapy for treatment of prostatic cancer was studied in two different types of human prostatic tumors grown in nude mice based on growth curves and histological examination. As single agents, cis-platinum and vincristine showed significant growth inhibition in both strains; cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, Adriamycin, and peplomycin were effective in only one strain, whereas 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ACNU, and Estracyt were not effective in either strain, even at relatively high doses. A study was also carried out on multimodal combination chemotherapy with fewer side effects, and such therapy is in clinical use. The treatment is composed of VPM (vincristine, peplomycin, and methotrexate) followed by CCF (cis-platinum, cytosine arabinoside, and 5-FU) and ACF (Adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside, and 5-FU). Antitumor effects related to synchronization of tumor cells were investigated by sequential autoradiography and DNA histography. PMID- 7342074 TI - The essential fatty acids: past, present and future. PMID- 7342075 TI - Golden Jubilee International Congress on Essential Fatty Acids and Prostaglandins. PMID- 7342076 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency and lipid metabolism of the developing brain. PMID- 7342077 TI - Biochemistry of essential fatty acids. PMID- 7342078 TI - Influence of trans-90, trans-12-, and cis-12-octadecenoic acid isomers on fatty acid composition of human plasma lipids. PMID- 7342079 TI - Antioxidants and prostaglandin synthesis: in vivo and in vitro effects. PMID- 7342080 TI - Cis and trans-octadecenoic acids as precursors of polyunsaturated acids. PMID- 7342081 TI - Mechanism of prostaglandin hydroperoxidase cooxygenation reactions. PMID- 7342082 TI - Factors affecting prostaglandin endoperoxide transformation: antibodies against PGH2. PMID- 7342083 TI - Apparent digestibility of nutrients in diets varying in fat and P/S ratio. PMID- 7342084 TI - Effects of ethanol ingestion on the unsaturated fatty acids from various tissues. PMID- 7342085 TI - Biosynthesis of linoleic acid in the American cockroach. PMID- 7342086 TI - Thyroid hormone control over rat liver membrane lipids. PMID- 7342087 TI - Leukotrienes: a novel group of compounds including SRS-A. PMID- 7342089 TI - Treatment of the Sicca syndrome and Sjogren's syndrome with E.F.A., pyridoxine and vitamin C. PMID- 7342088 TI - Arachidonic acid's role in the pathology and physiology of pregnancy and labor. PMID- 7342090 TI - A study on essential fatty acids and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7342091 TI - Dietary deficiencies of captive dolphins. PMID- 7342092 TI - Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants on the clonal growth of human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7342093 TI - Prostaglandin omega and (omega-1)-hydroxylation by pig kidney cortex cytochrome P 450. PMID- 7342094 TI - Phosphatidic acid in the central nervous system. PMID- 7342095 TI - Essential fatty acid requirements in pregnancy and lactation with special reference to brain development. PMID- 7342096 TI - Effect of exogenous adrenic acid on the proliferation and lipid metabolism of cells in tissue culture. PMID- 7342097 TI - Degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. 4-Enoyl-CoA reductase: purification, characterization and physiological function. PMID- 7342098 TI - Control of replication by dietary lipids and namely by linoleic acid in liver and adipose tissue of developing rats. PMID- 7342099 TI - Role of lipids and lipoprotein fractions in atherogenesis: the Framingham study. PMID- 7342100 TI - Favorable influences of linoleic acid on the progression of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy in adult onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7342101 TI - Nutritional and hormonal factors influencing desaturation of essential fatty acids. PMID- 7342102 TI - Antagonism of human platelet responses to stimulatory and inhibitory prostaglandins. PMID- 7342103 TI - Cardiovascular effects of various prostaglandin precursors. PMID- 7342104 TI - The effect of dietary lipids on clotting times and rat serum and urine prostaglandin concentrations. PMID- 7342105 TI - The effect of dietary fatty acids on the incidence of cardiac lesions and changes in the cardiac phospholipids in male rats. PMID- 7342106 TI - CDPcholine and CDPethanolamine prevent the release of free fatty acids during brain ischemia. PMID- 7342107 TI - Treatment of lithium-induced tremor and familial essential tremor with essential fatty acids. PMID- 7342108 TI - Characteristics of the aggregation of platelets and the formation of prostaglandins (PGs) in rat. PMID- 7342109 TI - Effect of 15-hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid on platelet functions. PMID- 7342111 TI - Effects of diets varying in fat and P/S ratio on blood pressure and blood lipids in adult men. PMID- 7342110 TI - Effect of a diet containing fish oil on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7342112 TI - 1-Arachidonyl-monoglyceride causes platelet aggregation--implications for an acylglycerol acylhydrolase involvement in control of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7342113 TI - Dietary fats and heart disease. PMID- 7342114 TI - Zinc and copper interact antagonistically in the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism. PMID- 7342115 TI - The effect of diets high in either saturated or unsaturated fat on rabbit serum VLDL. PMID- 7342116 TI - Fatty acid profiles of serum phospholipids in patients suffering rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7342117 TI - Role of essential fatty acids in cutaneous wound healing in rats. PMID- 7342118 TI - Prostaglandins and essential fatty acids in regulation of autoimmunity and development of antibodies to DNA in NZB x NZW F1 mice. PMID- 7342119 TI - Linoleic acid: a specific cytotaxin for macrophages. PMID- 7342121 TI - Prostaglandins, tumor invasiveness and treatment with inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7342120 TI - Changes in essential fatty acid profile of serum phospholipids in human disease. PMID- 7342122 TI - Abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation and urothelial tumorigenesis in essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats. PMID- 7342123 TI - Prostaglandins from bedside observation to a family of drugs. PMID- 7342124 TI - The forty-year quest of "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis". PMID- 7342125 TI - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A): cellular controls of synthesis and biological effects of its constituent leukotrienes. PMID- 7342126 TI - Unsaturated fatty acids and human mononuclear cell function. PMID- 7342127 TI - The possible involvement of dietary fats in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7342129 TI - Separation by high performance liquid chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites from rabbit platelets. PMID- 7342128 TI - Dietary fish oils, plasma lipids and platelets in man. PMID- 7342130 TI - Endogenous prostaglandin as (PGAs): fact or artifact in biological systems. PMID- 7342131 TI - Use of a microcomputer controlled film balance to study the behavior of unsaturated esters of cholesterol at the air/water interface. PMID- 7342132 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and their precursors in some tests of hemostatic function. PMID- 7342133 TI - Characterization of a lipid mobilizing factor from tumors. PMID- 7342134 TI - Unanswered questions in EFA and PG research. PMID- 7342135 TI - Possible role of prostaglandins (PGs) in scaly dermatosis. PMID- 7342136 TI - The protective effect of lidocaine on arachidonate metabolism in septic shock. PMID- 7342137 TI - Control of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 7342138 TI - Suppression of chronic inflammation by evening primrose oil. PMID- 7342139 TI - Columbinic acid, a new type of essential fatty acid. PMID- 7342140 TI - Leukotriene formation by mastocytoma and basophilic leukemia cells. PMID- 7342141 TI - The relative importance of essential fatty acids of the linoleic and linolenic families: studies with an Eskimo diet. PMID- 7342142 TI - Do low weight infants require nutrition with chain elongation-desaturation products of essential fatty acids? PMID- 7342143 TI - The synthesis of leukotrienes. PMID- 7342144 TI - Congressional hearings on the use of animals in medical research and testing. PMID- 7342145 TI - An academic career in a basic medical science department of physiology. PMID- 7342146 TI - The role of the Ph.D. physiologist in a clinical department. PMID- 7342147 TI - Diameter versus number in diameter of vessel resistance. PMID- 7342148 TI - Short-term autonomic control in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7342149 TI - [Treatment effects obtained in delirium tremens from 1972 to 1979 (on the basis of the author's own material) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342150 TI - [Clinical, psychiatric and endocrinological correlations in 42 cases of anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342151 TI - [The child-patient social role and the psychotherapy of neurosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342152 TI - [A more favorable prognosis in schizophrenia according to data on the duration and effects of first hospitalizations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342153 TI - [The responsibilities of occupational therapists in psychiatric services (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342155 TI - [Organization of social and professional adaptation of nurses in psychiatric hospitals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342154 TI - [Elements of Dalcroze rhythmics in the treatment of endogenous depressive syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342157 TI - Contour effects in figure perception. PMID- 7342156 TI - [Surgery to change genital gender and legal situation resulting therefrom (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342158 TI - The influence of verbal specifications on ratings of relative properties of pictures. PMID- 7342160 TI - The prediction of psychomaintenance in chronic asthma. PMID- 7342159 TI - Recognition deficits resulting from focussed attention in aphasia. PMID- 7342161 TI - Alexithymic asthmatics: the miscommunication of affective and somatic states. PMID- 7342162 TI - Depression and physical illness. PMID- 7342163 TI - Psychosomatic aspects of attempted suicide. A clinical overview. PMID- 7342164 TI - Formal speech stylistics and type A behavior in 38 subjects during nonstress interviews. AB - Open-ended interviews of 90 min length of 38 patients were analyzed with respect to speech stylistics, shown by Schucker and Jacobs to differentiate individuals with type A personality features from those with type B. In our patients, Type A/B had been assessed by the Bortner Personality Inventory. The stylistics studied were: repeated words swallowed words, interruptions, simultaneous speech, silence latency (between question and answer) (SL), speed of speech, uneven speed of speech (USS), explosive words (PW), uneven speech volume (USV), and speech volume. Correlations between both raters for all speech categories were high. Positive correlations between extent of type A and SL (r = 0.33; p = 0.022), USS (r = 0.51; p = 0.002), PW (r = 0.46; p = 0.003) and USV (r = 0.39; p = 0.012) were found. Our results indicate that the speech in nonstress open-ended interviews of type A individuals tends to show a higher emotional tension (positive correlations for USS PW and USV) and is more controlled in conversation (positive correlation for SL). PMID- 7342165 TI - Relation of personality and emotional factors to myocardial ischemia, methodology and first observations. AB - Within the framework of a multifacet and long term research on coronary heart disease, the possible influence of psychological factors on the disease was investigated. All coronary patients admitted to the Department are examined in special sessions. The examination is concerned with the personality structure, psychiatric or psychological abnormalities regarding living conditions, emotional factors, habits, etc. The whole study is conducted in a more or less typified way. It is the purpose of this paper to describe mainly this methodology and report preliminary results from the analysis of the first 180 patients. The reported data are compared with those from a central group of 20 'normal' controls and are compared statistically. PMID- 7342166 TI - Coping with a stoma - a comparative study of patients with rectal carcinoma of inflammatory bowel diseases. AB - 409 patients who had either an implantation of a stoma or a bowel resection for either colorectal carcinoma of colitis/ileitis answered a 200-item questionnaire. A discriminant analysis revealed a higher degree of pre- and postoperative depression and a decrease of social activities for stoma patients who also more often lived in rural areas in comparison with patients with the same diagnosis who only had a resection. A comparison of operated cancer patients with patients operated for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease showed less depression before and after surgery in cancer patients. Cancer patients also frequently ceased sexual activities after the operation, and they came from much more remote rural areas than the comparison group, irrespective of the type of operation performed. PMID- 7342167 TI - The haemodynamic, histopathological and hormonal features of alcoholic cardiac beriberi. AB - Five cases of cardiac beriberi occurring in chronic alcoholics are described. The clinical diagnosis was based on the presence of biventricular failure, low dietary intake of thiamine and the therapeutic response to oral thiamine. Complicating cardiac disease was excluded by haemodynamic studies, left ventriculography; coronary angiography and endomyocardial biopsy. Haemodynamic measurements including quantitative left ventriculography are reported. They indicate that left ventricular function is depressed despite elevated cardiac output. Biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy. No lesion specific to beriberi was detected by either technique although the biopsies were quantitatively abnormal. The histological changes resemble those in early reports based on necropsy material, and consist of vacuolation and intercellular oedema in the early stages with myofibre hypertrophy, fibrosis and cellular infiltration in the chronic cases. The transketolase test and response to intravenous thiamine during catheter studies are valuable diagnostic tests. Plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were lower than in patients with low output heart failure. The incidence of cardiac beriberi appears to be greater than is generally realized. PMID- 7342169 TI - Immunological changes in tropical sprue. AB - Immunological measurements in 85 southern Indian patients with tropical sprue were compared with two groups of controls, namely, 150 patients with gastrointestinal diseases not associated with malabsorption, and 57 normal asymptomatic subjects. A significant increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunal surface and crypt epithelium, related to the severity of the mucosal morphological abnormality, was the most significant finding in tropical sprue. Measurements such as increased serum concentrations of IgG, IgE, complement component C4 and orosomucoid, gastric parietal cell antibodies and lymphopaenia with a low peripheral blood T cell count, which were found in patients with sprue, differed significantly from the healthy control group but not from the group of gastrointestinal controls without malabsorption. The ability to produce functional antibodies was preserved in tropical sprue. The results suggest that the small intestinal enterocyte abnormality in tropical sprue is not the result of a primary immunological process but that the observed alterations are a sequelae of mucosal damage and compromised integrity of the mucosal barrier. PMID- 7342168 TI - A study of amyloid arthropathy in multiple myeloma. AB - Forty-three patients with classical multiple myeloma were studied to assess the prevalence and characteristics of amyloid arthropathy using clinical, radiological, and histological methods. Two patients were found to have amyloid arthropathy, and a third case is described in detail. Complement and cryoprecipitate analysis of the synovial fluid, and electronmicroscopy of the synovium, synovial debris and cartilage were undertaken in an attempt to shed further light onto the pathogenesis of what has hitherto been regarded as a rare complication of multiple myeloma. Complement components were not depressed and no evidence of specific light chain containing immune complexes was found in synovial fluid cryoprecipitates. Histochemical and electron microscopic localization of amyloid in perichondrocytic lacunae as well as in synovial fluid debris, synovium and the articular cartilage surface suggest the possibility that chondrocytes and synovial macrophages may share a role in processing immunoglobulin components as a prelude to the formation of amyloid fibrils. Amyloid arthropathy occurs in about 5 per cent of patients with multiple myeloma. The clinical picture can resemble rheumatoid arthritis with median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel and symmetrical arthritis of the wrists and small joints of the hands. Diagnosis can be established by examination of Congo red stained synovial fluid sediments under polarized light even in the absence of other clinical features of amyloidosis and when rectal biopsy is negative. PMID- 7342170 TI - Recurrent ventricular fibrillation associated with normal QT intervals. AB - Two patients after being treated for epilepsy for 20 years were found to have recurrent syncope due to ventricular fibrillation. Neither had structural heart disease. The first patient had normal QT and QTc values at all times, and the second had a normal QT interval and an intermittently abnormal U wave. In both patients, attacks were suppressed totally by propranolol. These cases, and some similar patients reported previously suggest that there may be a forme fruste of the long QT syndrome. PMID- 7342171 TI - Further experience of hyposplenism in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - We have reported previously the association between hyposplenism and inflammatory bowel disease. Our study has now been extended to a total of 65 patients with ulcerative colitis and 42 with Crohn's disease so that the incidence of hyposplenism could be more accurately determined. Hyposplenism rarely complicated distal ulcerative colitis, but was found in 15 of 37 patients with total colonic disease. Hyposplenism occurred in 11 out of 31 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon, but in none of 11 individuals with isolated ileal disease. In order to determine whether hyposplenism has any prognostic implications, the peri operative course of 12 hyposplenic individuals who underwent colectomy was compared with that of 12 controls who required surgery and who had normal splenic function. Four of the hyposplenic subjects became severely shocked after operation and developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. In contrast, the post-operative course in the control patients was uneventful. PMID- 7342172 TI - Rehydration in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia. AB - Sixteen episodes of severe hypercalcaemia (more than 3.25 mmol/l) were treated by rehydration alone. Sodium repletion was invariably achieved within 48 hours (mean deficit 9.24 mmol/kg) although the fall in serum calcium was more protracted. A substantial fall in serum calcium (mean decrease 0.6 mmol/l) was achieved in thirteen patients; poor responses in three patients were associated with a rapidly increasing calcium load. Presentation of the data in terms of calcium excretion per unit of glomerular filtrate (CaE) and the setting of tubular reabsorption (TmCa/GFR) makes it possible to predict the likely effects of rehydration and patients with non-metastatic hypercalcaemia are easily identified. Rehydration is simple and often effective in the early management of this common metabolic problem but it is important that therapeutic goals are realistic and the intrinsic limitations of rehydration recognized. This depends upon a clear idea of the contribution that the kidney makes to the hypercalcaemia of malignant disease. PMID- 7342173 TI - [Nitrogen balance and protein requirement in premature infants]. PMID- 7342174 TI - [Chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy) as a disease of children]. PMID- 7342175 TI - [Pulmonary atelectasis in infants]. PMID- 7342176 TI - [Neuromuscular mouth-face changes]. PMID- 7342177 TI - [Etiological study of 50 children with megacolon]. PMID- 7342178 TI - [Prophylactic use of fenoterol in infantile bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7342179 TI - [The battered child. Epidemiological, clinical and juridico-social considerations]. PMID- 7342180 TI - [Epidemiologic aspect of diphteria in Valdivia pediatric population in the period 1975-1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342181 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations using maternal echography]. PMID- 7342182 TI - [Programmed use of vaccines in Chile]. PMID- 7342183 TI - [Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium balance and the effect of vitamin D in low weight infants]. PMID- 7342184 TI - [Concept and classification of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibroses]. PMID- 7342185 TI - [Spanish family with heterozygous HbS trait]. PMID- 7342186 TI - [Acute, voluntary, drug poisoning. Epidemiological study in Mallorca]. PMID- 7342187 TI - [Treatment of familial Mediterranean fever with colchicine]. PMID- 7342188 TI - [Metabolic and hormonal aspects of anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7342190 TI - [Current value of lymphography]. PMID- 7342189 TI - [Heparin prophylaxis and hypercoagulability in traumatology]. PMID- 7342191 TI - [Mediastinal teratoma]. PMID- 7342192 TI - [Hereditary optic atrophies. Study of a family with dominant autosomal optic atrophy]. PMID- 7342193 TI - [Pseudogout caused by thyroid hormone replacement therapy]. PMID- 7342194 TI - [Cerebral tuberculoma in adults. Apropos of 3 observations]. PMID- 7342195 TI - [Recurrence and intracranial metastasis of a meningioma]. PMID- 7342196 TI - [Choledochal cyst. Diagnosis and development using 99m-Tc HIDA]. PMID- 7342198 TI - [Benign tumors of the chest wall]. PMID- 7342197 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever. Review of 15 cases]. PMID- 7342201 TI - [Primary neoplasms of the gallbladder. Apropos of 18 new cases]. PMID- 7342199 TI - [Trochanteric tubercular osteitis]. PMID- 7342200 TI - [Sensitivity of Bacteroides of the fragilis group to various antibiotics]. PMID- 7342202 TI - [Inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CIA) as a technic for measuring circulating immune complexes in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7342203 TI - [Serum ferritin in hemodialysis. I. Study in populations treated with iron or untreated]. PMID- 7342204 TI - [Acute pelvic inflammatory disease]. PMID- 7342205 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis and antithrombin III levels]. PMID- 7342206 TI - [Diagnosis of amyloidosis by biopsy of an accessory salivary gland]. PMID- 7342207 TI - [Low-pressure hydrocephaly and heart arrest: a clinical case]. PMID- 7342208 TI - [Benign sinus histiocytosis with massive adenopathy of Rosai and Dorfman. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7342209 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (pseudotumoral radiologic form) with secondary amyloidosis (nephrotic syndrome)]. PMID- 7342210 TI - [Megacalycosis or Puigvert's disease]. PMID- 7342211 TI - [Reservoir of camel rabies in Mauritania]. PMID- 7342214 TI - [Color of the fur of N'Dama cattle of upper Casamance, Senegal]. PMID- 7342212 TI - [Amblyomma astrion Donitz, 1909 (ixodidae), a new experimental vector of heartwater disease]. PMID- 7342213 TI - Experimental transmission of Babesia bigemina in sheep using infective larval tick of Boophilus decoloratus. PMID- 7342215 TI - [Comparative study of N'Dama cattle of upper Casamance for evaluation of their trypanotolerance as a function of the color of their fur]. PMID- 7342216 TI - [Diphyllobothriosis and sparganosis in tropical Africa]. PMID- 7342217 TI - [Parasitological interactions in gastrointestinal polyparasitism of domestic animals in West Africa]. PMID- 7342218 TI - [Epidemiologic study of various parasitoses of sheep in Morocco (Atlantic coast) using the animal tracer method]. PMID- 7342219 TI - [The role of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. in the rural African economy: its consumption by cattle]. PMID- 7342220 TI - [Water requirements of Cenchrus ciliaris, a fodder plant in the West of Madagascar]. PMID- 7342221 TI - Variation of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in Finn sheep. AB - Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which was analysed on a flock of Finn sheep (266 sheep) showed variable activity despite the same diet and selenium intake. Mating experiments suggested that the GSH-Px activity was genetically determined. The low GSH-Px animals showed better performance as shown by a significantly reduced mortality rate of their offspring. Evidence of larger weight gain and wool production in the low GSH-Px sheep was obtained. The GSH-Px activity slightly decreased with age. The erythrocyte GSH-Px activity did not show much correlation with other genetical markers such as the potassium type, GSH type, haemoglobin type or sex. It is proposed that the low GSH-Px may represent an adaptation to low selenium intake. PMID- 7342222 TI - Specificity of purified protein derivative extracts from cultures of mycobacteria killed by phenol. AB - Purified protein derivative (PPD) extracts were prepared from Mycobacterium bovis, M tuberculosis, M kansasii, M marinum, M avium, M intracellulare, M gordonae and M fortuitum. The cultures were killed with phenol before extraction and were not subjected to heat. They were tested in guinea pigs sensitised with killed cultures of homologous or heterologous species of mycobacteria. The most specific extract was from M fortuitum. M bovis and M tuberculosis were closely related, with M bovis PPD the more specific of the two. A close relationship was shown between M scrofulaceum, M avium and M intracellulare. PMID- 7342223 TI - Efficiency of oxfendazole administered as a single dose or in a controlled release capsule against benzimidazole-resistant haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - Laboratory strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta selected for thiabendazole resistance were found to have a strong side resistance to a single dose of oxfendazole. The LD50 and LD95 in mg of drug per host liveweight were respectively 4.28 and 18.46 mg/kg for H contortus and 3.61 and 11.20 mg/kg for O circumcincta. A field strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis that had not been selected with thiabendazole for seven years also had a strong side resistance to oxfendazole with approximately 50 per cent of its population resistant to the recommended dose rate of 5 mg/kg. Prolonged administration of oxfendazole by intraruminal controlled release capsules was found to be effective against both susceptible and resistant strains of the above parasites. The first observed effect of oxfendazole, from controlled release capsules, on resistant worms was a decrease in the percentage of eggs developing to third stage larvae. This was followed by a decrease in egg count and in worm numbers. PMID- 7342225 TI - A 125IUdR technique for measuring the cell loss from subcutaneously growing canine transmissible venereal tumours. AB - A technique for measuring the cell loss from subcutaneous canine transmissible venereal tumours (TVT) has been devised. The tumour-bearing animal is injected with the intranuclear label 125 Iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR). By excising tumours at intervals and measuring their radioactive content per unit weight, an estimate of potential doubling time and so of cell loss can be made. Results using this technique compare well with previous estimates of the cell loss from TVT using the much more laborious labelled mitoses technique. Estimates of the effect of treatment on cell loss can also be made. Radio-therapy, specific passive immunotherapy and intravenous BCG inoculation were also shown to increase TVT cell death. Despite some innate mathematical inaccuracies and assumptions, this technique offers many advantages over conventional methods of estimating cell loss. PMID- 7342224 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the phytohaemagglutinin response of pig lymphocytes. AB - A whole-blood lymphocyte transformation test was used to study the effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium supplementation on the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response of peripheral pig lymphocytes. Six groups of pigs were given various amounts of alpha-tocopherol and, or, sodium selenite for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment all groups given additional vitamin E and, or, selenium showed increased PHA-response. Vitamin E supplementation enhanced the mitogen response at all tested levels of selenium addition. The activities of the different cell types involved in increased immune response due to vitamin E and selenium supplementation are discussed. PMID- 7342226 TI - Ecology of the free living stages of Nematodirus battus. AB - Eggs of Nematodirus battus placed on grass plots throughout the year were able to develop into infective larvae. In 1973 a large autumn peak was observed as well as the more usual subsequent spring peak. This was attributed to the weather conditions. The ability of the eggs to develop at all seasons is of importance in the survival of the parasite but not in the causation of clinical disease. Eggs washed out of the faeces into the soil develop quicker and suffer less mortality than eggs which remain trapped in the faecal pellets. PMID- 7342227 TI - Use of maxillary tooth development to estimate age in a group of Hereford cross Friesian steers. AB - Visual and radiographic examination of maxillary tooth development was undertaken in a group of 76 Hereford cross Friesian steers, all but one slaughtered at the same weight (464 kg). Differences were found in the stages of second molar intraoral development between the various age groups. Radiographic inspection showed that stages of resorption of the temporary premolar roots and crown and root formation of the permanent cheek teeth varied with age. The maximum age range before animals could be differentiated into age groups using radiographic examination of maxillary tooth development was three months (one year from one year three months, one year three months from one year six months, one year four months from one year seven months, one year five months from one year eight months). In the carcase, radiography of the maxillary teeth provided a useful estimate of age. The first two maxillary molars were more advanced in crown and root formation than the permanent premolars. Except for the second permanent premolar all maxillary teeth were less advanced in development than their mandibular counterparts. PMID- 7342228 TI - Increased numbers of strahlenkorper in Boophilus microplus ticks ingesting a blood-passaged strain of Babesia bigemina. AB - Observations were made on the morphology and infectivity of Babesia bigemina parasites in the gut of Boophilus microplus ticks. The babesia parasites were derived from stabilates of a laboratory strain, prepared at intervals during several years of blood-passaging in cattle. Increased numbers of a particular developmental stage of the parasite, considered to be a type of strahlenkorper, were observed in ticks ingesting parasites derived from the latter stages of passaging. The presence of large numbers of these parasites was associated with reduced infectivity of the strain for ticks. PMID- 7342229 TI - Experimental infection of piglets with cryptosporidium. AB - Piglets from five litters were doses orally with cryptosporidium originally derived from diarrhoeic calves. The piglets were either nursed by the sow, artificially reared after sucking colostrum, or weaned on to creep feed. Colostrum-fed, artificially reared piglets obtained from two litters and exposed in the first week of life developed clinical signs of inappetence, vomiting and diarrhoea and shed oocysts in the faeces. Histologically the parasite was observed throughout the small and large intestine attached to epithelial cell surfaces and its presence was associated with extensive mucosal damage, particularly in the posterior small intestine, stunting and fusion of villi, immaturity of villous epithelial cells and oedema with increased cellularity of the lamina propria. Piglets from two other litters, both sucking and colostrum fed artificially reared, exhibited similar but milder clinical signs. Histological lesions were less severe and cryptosporidium infection less extensive. When weaned piglets were exposed they remained clinically healthy although histologically there was evidence of cryptosporidium attachment in the small intestine and minor mucosal damage. There appears to be a good correlation between the extent of intestinal infection, the degree of mucosal damage and the severity of clinical disease induced by cryptosporidium in piglets. PMID- 7342230 TI - Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae in sheep: kinetics of arrival into the abomasum and transformation during rumino-omasal transit. AB - The kinetics of passage of Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae through the omasoabomasal orifice were analysed in sheep for six hours after their administration by the nasooesophageal route. The larvae moved into the abomasum more slowly than the liquid phase of the ruminal contents. They arrived in three different forms: sheathed, exsheathed or coiled. A very small number of exsheathed larvae seemed to be necessary for inducing early modifications in permeability of the abomasal mucosa. PMID- 7342231 TI - Half-life of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin f2 alpha in peripheral plasma of the pig. AB - The metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha ) namely 13,14-dihydro-15 keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), was administered as an intravenous bolus injection into five adult pigs. Concentrations of PGFM in blood collected periodically after injection indicated a biexponential decline suggesting a rapid distribution to the extracellular fluid and a slower elimination by metabolism. A mean half-life value of 14.97 +/- 1.33 (SD) minutes was calculated for the second component of the decline in PGFM concentration. PMID- 7342232 TI - [Tympanic epithelialization of autografts and preserved implants]. PMID- 7342233 TI - Extented middle cranial fossa approach for acoustic tumors. PMID- 7342235 TI - [Trans-maxillary pharyngectomy with pedicled skin flap in the treatment of cancers of the tonsil area (29 cases)]. PMID- 7342234 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the external auditory canal with proplast]. PMID- 7342236 TI - [Problems posed by closed external injuries of the larynx]. PMID- 7342237 TI - [A case of intra-temporal neurinoma of the facial nerve in a young child with neonatal paralysis]. PMID- 7342238 TI - [Familial hemochromatoses]. PMID- 7342239 TI - [Dysimmune lymphadenopathy associated with distomatosis. Detection of circulating antigens by immunoenzymology]. PMID- 7342241 TI - [The monocyte, part of the system of mononuclear phagocytes: morphology, physiology, pathology]. PMID- 7342240 TI - [Tricuspid participation in infectious endocarditis. Current aspects apropos 13 cases]. PMID- 7342242 TI - [Arterial hypertension in general practice. Evaluation of a year's activity in a liberal Paris practice]. PMID- 7342243 TI - [Pulmonary embolism caused by voluntary intravenous injections of metallic mercury]. PMID- 7342244 TI - [Cortico-sensitive asphyxiating pneumopathy in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus in a patient with silicosis]. PMID- 7342245 TI - [Myasthenia in rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine: 2 cases]. PMID- 7342246 TI - [Acquired dysfibrinogenemia and disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7342247 TI - [Pericarditis in chronic renal insufficiency treated by periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7342248 TI - [Gastric resection with or without vagotomy for gastric or duodenal ulcer. Late follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342249 TI - [Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342250 TI - [Superficial dermatomycoses. Study of patients at the Central Santiago Metropolitan Health Service]. PMID- 7342251 TI - [Synovial chondromatosis of the knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342252 TI - [Complete AV block caused by a closed heart injury]. PMID- 7342253 TI - [Fever in the post-operative period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342254 TI - [Program for the prevention of recurrence in rheumatic diseases (Region IX, Chile)]. PMID- 7342255 TI - [New laws for Chilean universities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342256 TI - [The Andres Bello University and Cultural Association on the new legislation for Chilean universities]. PMID- 7342257 TI - [The literary works of Chilean physicians (III)]. PMID- 7342258 TI - [Effect of bile, ethanol and stearic acid upon the stability of canine pancreatic zymogen granules in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342259 TI - [Poisoning by organo-phosphorate compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342260 TI - [Gastric carcinoma: incidence and distribution of lymph node metastases in gastrectomized patients]. PMID- 7342261 TI - [Intoxication by imipramine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342262 TI - [Bronchial carcinoma: slow progress over 30 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342264 TI - [The Ph.D. in sciences and the development of Chilean universities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342263 TI - [Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Santiago, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342265 TI - [Chemotherapy of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342266 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccine]. PMID- 7342268 TI - [The cost of hospitalization]. PMID- 7342267 TI - [Patient, the contributing citizen and the control of health costs]. PMID- 7342269 TI - [Development of costs and ambulatory medicine]. PMID- 7342270 TI - [Point of view of a director of a health insurance]. PMID- 7342271 TI - [The new (proposed) law on health insurance. The primacy of the economy or the art of the possible]. PMID- 7342272 TI - [Infant psychiatry. Behavior and psychopathology of infants: recent data]. PMID- 7342273 TI - [Mental disorders in adolescents]. PMID- 7342274 TI - [The mentally handicapped child: what should be done?]. PMID- 7342275 TI - [Report of the activities of a private cytogenetics laboratory]. PMID- 7342276 TI - [3 new cephalosporins: cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefoxitin]. PMID- 7342277 TI - [Indications and modes of iron therapy]. PMID- 7342278 TI - [Prevalence and determinants of major risk factors of myocardial infarction in Switzerland]. PMID- 7342279 TI - [A reply to a practitioner: cardiac stimulation in 1982]. PMID- 7342280 TI - [Directives for oxygen therapy continued at home in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7342281 TI - [Advertisement of thermal baths caught between medicine and the economy]. PMID- 7342282 TI - Radiolabeled microorganisms: comparison of different radioisotopic labels. AB - Radioactively labeled microorganisms are very useful in assessing the in vitro phagocytic capability of human granulocytes and macrophages. Since microorganisms contain amino acids and nucleic acids, they can be radiolabeled by addition of radioactive amino acid and/or nucleic acid components to the culture medium. The isotopes 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, and 75Se-have been used for bacterial radiolabeling. All of these commonly used isotopes with the exception of 75Se are beta emitters; 75Se is a gamma emitter. The half-lives of these isotopes vary from 14 days for 32P to 5,730 years for 14C. Because of the differences in their physical properties, they pose very different handling problems and require different kinds of safety precautions. In the event of either external or internal contamination, beta emitters deliver a larger localized radiation dose than do gamma emitters. In the case of internal contamination, the radiation dose increases with increases in the half-life of the radioactive isotope. Gamma radiation, on the other hand, is more penetrating than are beta particles and thus a gamma emitter requires appropriate shielding. Both the cost and the special problem of manipulation associated with these radioactive chemicals should be carefully considered before deciding which radioisotope is preferable for the labeling of microorganisms in the laboratory. In spite of the limitations of 75Se as a nonphysiologic element, it offers the simplest methods of handling among the isotopes considered in this review. PMID- 7342283 TI - Structural features of vancomycin. AB - Recent analytical methods have advanced knowledge of the structure of vancomycin from a description of only several molecular fragments to a complete understanding of the intact molecule. The molecular weight is 1,448. The molecule consists of a seven-membered peptide chain that is formed by parts of three phenylglycine systems, two chlorinated tyrosine units, aspartic acid, and N methylleucine. Two ether bonds and a carbon-carbon bond join the various substituents on the peptide chain into three large rings. A disaccharide, composed of glucose and vancosamine, is also present but is not part of the cyclic structure. Details of the vancomycin structure have been related to hydrogen bonding between the antibiotic and bacterial cell-wall precursors that have a D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxyl terminus; such bonding would provide a molecular basis for the cell-wall mode of action for vancomycin. With one carboxyl, two amino, and three phenolic groups, vancomycin undergoes a variety of ionic interactions in solutions of different pH and composition. PMID- 7342285 TI - Toxicology of vancomycin in laboratory animals. AB - The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of vancomycin for rodents was higher than that of tobramycin but much lower than that of cefamandole nafate. The rodents died in clonic convulsions immediately after receiving vancomycin. The LD50 for dogs similar to that for rodents; however, deaths occurred several days after administration of vancomycin and resulted from renal failure. Rapid intravenous administration of vancomycin to dogs produced a significant decrease in blood pressure that was prevented by pretreatment with the antihistamine methapyrilene. Subchronic administration of vancomycin to laboratory animals in doses of 12.5 400 mg/kg caused no systemic toxicity. Concomitant administration of vancomycin and tobramycin to rats resulted in significantly increased nephrotoxicity compared to that caused by either agent alone. The nephrotoxic response of rats receiving vancomycin was only partially reversed by large volumes of water given orally before and after the drug. PMID- 7342284 TI - Effects of antibiotic-diuretic interactions in the guinea pig model of ototoxicity. AB - The guinea pig model has been useful for estimating quantitatively the ototoxic effects of many different drugs. Our model utilizes measures of the Preyer pinna reflex, the alternating current cochlear potential and sensory hair-cell morphology to access drug effects. The principle pathophysiologic lesion of aminoglycoside-induced permanent ototoxicity appears to be sensory hair-cell loss in the organ of Corti. Aminoglycoside antibiotics were found to interact with loop-inhibiting diuretics, and the augmented ototoxic effects were attributed to hair-cell destruction. The interaction is specific for loop-inhibiting diuretics but not for the aminoglycosides since nonaminoglycoside antibiotics, such as viomycin and polymixin B, interacted similarly. Noninteractive antibiotics include amphotericin B and vancomycin. The absence of ototoxic effects with vancomycin is of interest in view of its broadening clinical utility. PMID- 7342286 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in normal subjects and in patients with reduced renal function. AB - Recent novel clinical applications of vancomycin have stimulated reinvestigations of the pharmacologic properties of this drug. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is negligible, and oral administration is appropriate only for patients with certain staphylococcal and clostridial diarrheas. After intravenous administration (the intramuscular route being painful), vancomycin is excreted by glomerular filtration, with virtually total recovery in the urine. Distribution is consistent with a three-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Serum half-life values are usually greater than 8 min in the distribution phase, 30 min to 1.5 hr in the intermediate phase, and between 5 and 11 hr in the elimination phase. The level of binding to human serum proteins is 55%. Since the relation between the vancomycin clearance and the creatinine clearance (but not the level of creatinine in serum) is linear in both normal and impaired renal function, a nomogram has been prepared that delineates dosages that will produce a mean steady-state concentration in serum of 15 micrograms/ml. Vancomycin penetrates well into pericardial, pleural, synovial, and ascitic fluid in humans, but concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after parenteral administration may be insufficient for the successful treatment of certain cases of meningitis. PMID- 7342287 TI - Vancomycin therapy in severe staphylococcal infections. AB - Vancomycin was developed in the 1950s, when available therapy for severe staphylococcal infections was unsatisfactory. Early clinical experiences with vancomycin indicated a cure rate of 70%. The introduction of beta-lactamase resistant penicillins and cephalosporins, which have a lower potential for toxicity, resulted in limited use of vancomycin. The current renewal of interest in vancomycin for treatment of severe staphylococcal infections stems primarily from the efficacy of this drug against methicillin-resistant pathogens and its utility in a number of unique clinical situations. In addition, the development of more purified preparations of vancomycin has lowered the frequency of adverse side effects. PMID- 7342289 TI - Vancomycin therapy for infective endocarditis. AB - The use of vancomycin is increasing for the treatment of serious life-threatening staphylococcal and other bacterial infections, including infective endocarditis, in patients who are allergic to the penicillins. The literature through 1978 reveals approximately 55 cases of infective endocarditis treated with vancomycin alone or with combined antibiotic therapy. Many of these 55 patients were treated by different clinicians, were given variable regimens of therapy, received other therapy before vancomycin, had associated valve replacement; various amounts of data were provided for the reported cases. A summary of these reports indicates a cure in 48 (87%) of the 55 patients. Recent in vitro and in vivo animal and patient data indicate that vancomycin alone or as part of combined therapy is bactericidal and curative in patients allergic to penicillin for infective endocarditis caused by staphylococci and streptococci-both enterococcal and nonenterococcal (Streptococcus bovis and viridans group streptococci) infections. In this study, 10 patients with infective endocarditis were treated with vancomycin or combined therapy; seven were cured. Five of the 10 patients with infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci were cured with combined vancomycin-streptomycin given in short-term therapy for two weeks. PMID- 7342290 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in anuria. AB - After a single 1-g intravenous dose of vancomycin, the mean peak concentration in the serum of 29 anephric patients was 48.3 micrograms/ml. An initial rapid decline to 15 micrograms/ml within 3-5 hr was followed by slow elimination, with 3.5 micrograms/ml present after 18 days. Intermittent dialysis had no appreciable effect on drug levels in serum. The biphasic decline in serum concentrations of vancomycin indicates at least two-compartment pharmacokinetics in both anephric and normal patients. In anephric patients the elimination half-life was 7.5 days and the elimination rate constant was 0.32; these values were 8 hr and 10.25, respectively, in normal patients. On the basis of these results, the vancomycin regimen recommended for anephric patients is an initial 1-g intravenous dose followed by 500 mg every eight days. With these dosages peak concentrations are 49 micrograms/ml (well below reported toxic levels) and trough concentrations are 7 micrograms/ml (well above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens causing shunt infections). PMID- 7342288 TI - Evaluation of antimicrobial agents in the rabbit model of endocarditis. AB - The placement of a sterile polyethylene catheter in the heart of a rabbit results in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis characterized by an accumulation of fibrin strands, erythrocytes, and platelets that adhere to the endothelial surface. These elements form a nidus where a pathogen, when introduced by injection, lodges, multiples, and develops vegetations typical of infective endocarditis. In the rabbit model, endocarditis induced by Staphylococcus aureus or viridans group Streptococcus resembles the human disease in clinical and bacteriologic features and in response to antimicrobial therapy. The rabbit model thus affords a means of evaluating the therapy of endocarditis. The end points of therapeutic response are culture-negative vegetations and failure to relapse. On the basis of these criteria vancomycin was found to be more rapidly effective in curing an infection caused by a single strain of S. aureus than penicillin or cefazolin and as effective as a combination of penicillin and gentamicin. PMID- 7342291 TI - Treatment of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis with vancomycin. PMID- 7342292 TI - Pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin for staphylococcal infections in children. AB - Vancomycin is effective against most multiply resistant staphylococci, organisms that are becoming increasingly important in clinical medicine. Reported experience with vancomycin therapy in pediatric patients is limited. In this study vancomycin was administered intravenously to 33 patients whose ages ranged from one week to 16 years and who had suspected or proved infections caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis. The spectrum of staphylococcal infections included skin and soft-tissue infections and abscesses, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, shunt infections, endocarditis, and septicemia. All 29 patients with bacteriologically proved staphylococcal infections responded to vancomycin therapy. Peak and trough concentrations of vancomycin in serum produced satisfactory bacteriostatic and bactericidal titers against the infecting pathogens. In an anephric patient hemodialysis removed only negligible amounts of vancomycin. The amount of vancomycin that penetrated into ventricular fluid of 10 patients with shunt infections ranged from 7% to 37% (mean, 18%) of serum concentrations. One case of phlebitis and one case of transient elevation of serum levels of aspartate amino transferase were observed. No renal or otologic damage was detected in any patient. Adequate dilution of the drug, intravenous administration during 1 hr, and monitoring of the concentration in serum of patients undergoing long-term treatment and/or with impaired renal function minimize the likelihood of side effects. Vancomycin is an effective and safe agent for treatment of staphylococcal infections in pediatric patients. PMID- 7342294 TI - [Significance of bacterial flora in the tracheostomy of severely ill patients]. PMID- 7342293 TI - [Behavior of plasma level of acid phosphatase in pregnant rats subjected to acute stress and previously treated with 1-isopropylamine-3-(1-naphthyl-oxy)-2 propranolol hydrochloride]. PMID- 7342295 TI - [Relation of serum levels of acid phosphatase in the femoral vein and the inferior vena cava in adenocarcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 7342296 TI - [Primary cancer of the gastric stump: considerations on 18 cases]. PMID- 7342297 TI - [Use of scintigraphy and ultrasonography in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 7342298 TI - [Drug administration to pregnant women and its hematologic repercussions in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7342299 TI - [Lumbar hernia]. PMID- 7342300 TI - [Acute spontaneous hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of a primary carcinoma of the liver treated by hepatectomy of the left lobe]. PMID- 7342301 TI - [Schistosomiasis of the testis]. PMID- 7342302 TI - [Ethics and biology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342304 TI - [Determination of the mercury content in wheat bran]. PMID- 7342303 TI - [Rhythmometric analysis of the motor activity of the loose-housed and pastured cows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342305 TI - [Detection of a natural organic dye, cochineal, in meat products]. PMID- 7342306 TI - [Detection of tylosin residues in milk]. PMID- 7342308 TI - [Comparison of methods of determining trace amounts of lead (II) in dyes and cosmetics]. PMID- 7342307 TI - [Method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in meat products]. PMID- 7342309 TI - [Chemical structure and toxic properties of phenoxycarboxylic acid derivatives. II. Methods of determining phenoxyacetic and phenoxypropionic acid derivatives in blood and urine]. PMID- 7342310 TI - [Toxicity of water pollutants estimated by measurement of the locomotor activity of Daphnia magna]. PMID- 7342311 TI - [Effect of seasons on the degree of toxicity of chlorophos in rats]. PMID- 7342315 TI - [Body height and weight of children from the Sieradz Province in relation to sex and environment]. PMID- 7342312 TI - [Toxicity of a vinyl chloride and phenol mixture in the air]. PMID- 7342316 TI - Current epidemiology of malaria in Southeast Asia. PMID- 7342313 TI - [New juvenile hormones and their effect on selected insect species]. PMID- 7342314 TI - [Affinity of radioactive cesium for digestive tract tissues and blood proteins in rats]. PMID- 7342317 TI - Pathophysiology of malaria. AB - The pathophysiology of malaria infection is presented from animal studies and the various manifestations occurring in human cases. Maegraith (1974) proposed the concept of a chain reaction of physiological processes that leads to the disease following malarial infection. It may be seen that the malaria parasites first damage the infected red blood cells directly and then initiate a chain reaction of nonspecific inflammatory processes and later on immunological responses aggravating further the inflammatory reactions. Because of ther interdependence in nature of these changes as suggested by Maegraith in 1977 it is usually difficult to clearly identify these three mechanisms. PMID- 7342318 TI - Immunology of malaria. PMID- 7342319 TI - Gnathostomiasis in Southeast Asia. AB - Five species of Gnathostoma are at present reported from Southeast Asia with specific diagnostic characteristic of each. Also important references relating to the specific characters of the species concerned were mentioned, and the known experimental life cycles of three species namely G. spinigerum, G. hispidum, and G. doloresi found in the region were compared. The incomplete experimental study on the life cycle of G. vietnamicum is presented but the investigation on the life cycle of G. malaysiae is not yet initiated. Methods of transmission, symptoms and signs, the diagnosis and treatment of animal and human gnathostomiasis were also summarized. Effective therapeutic value of many anthelmintic drugs has not been satisfactory, by screening test on white mice previously infected in the tissue with G. spinigerum larvae. However, successful result of treatment was reported on one Japanese gnathostomiasis patient with thiabendazole. In the treatment of animal gnathostomiasis, Ancylol disophenol seems to be he effective drug for eliminating adult and migrating stage in the experimentally infected cats. Brief preventive measures against human gnathostomiasis was mentioned. PMID- 7342320 TI - Surveillance of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Thailand. AB - A long-term surveillance system is necessary for planning and evaluation of hemorrhagic fever control Dry blood collection and using one dengue 2 antigen have been proved to be an efficient method to detect low and high level of HI antibody, determined to prove dengue infection. The percentage of dengue infection serologically proved from cases reported throughout a 3 year study was 52%. Dengue infected cases were reported outside epidemic period with lowest incidence in January. The majority of dengue proven cases occur at age 6 years. For chikungunya infection, studied in Bangkok metropolis and in this study in 72 provinces shows similar result indicating that chikungunya virus shows no significance in clinical and laboratory study in the surveillance programme. This study provides definite information for the planning and evaluation of hemorrhagic fever control. PMID- 7342321 TI - Leucocyte migration agarose test to study cell-mediated immunity in amoebiasis. AB - The leucocyte migration agarose test (LMAT) was used to measure quantitatively the magnitude of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in 35 patients with amoebic liver abscess and 22 healthy controls. LMAT was positive in 65.7% and 85.7% of patients with amoebiasis in the presence of 200 microgram and 400 microgram of the amoeba extract respectively, whereas the test in all 22 healthy controls was negative. Time course studies showed that within 10 days after the onset of clinical illness, only 1 of 4 patients was positive. Thereafter the percentage positivity was raised, especially when 400 microgram antigen was used. Maximum CMI response was apparent between 31-60 days after the onset of clinical illness. The indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test showed that all patients and 5 of 22 healthy controls were positive. These was no correlation between IHA titers and the magnitude of LMAT reaction. PMID- 7342322 TI - Humoral immune response of cats to Paragonimus infection. AB - The time course of humoral immune response to Paragonimus siamensis was studied in 10 cats experimentally infected with either 30 or 60 matacercariae and the antibody produced was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation test (CFT), and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test. With ELISA and CFT, antibodies was detected as early as 2nd week after infection and the cats remained positive throughout the 12 week period of observation. In contrast, the IEP test was persistently negative. With respect to sensitivity, both ELISA and CFT are equally sensitive but the mean ELISA titer was consistently higher than that of CFT. THe magnitude of the antibody response appeared to be related to duration of the infection but not to the infective dose and the number of worms recovered. There was variability in titers among cats infected with equal numbers of metacercariae. The tests can not be used for differential diagnosis of infections by P. siamensis and P. heterotremus because of the cross-reaction. Such cross-reaction did not not occur against unrelated parasites including hookworm. Toxocara cati and Spirometra mansoni. PMID- 7342323 TI - Prevalence and treatment of intestinal helminthic infections among children in orphanages in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - A survey was carried out in three orphanages in Jakarta for intestinal helminthic infections. Stool samples and anal swabs of 158 children were examined. The prevalences of intestinal helminthic infections in the Putra Utama, Muslimin and Van der Steur orphanages were respectively as follows: a lumbricoides 70.0%, 76.6% and 50.8%, T. trichiura 78.0% 93.6% and 70.5%, hookworm 20.0%, 12.7% and 3.2% and E. vermicularis 34.0% 29.8%, 59.0%. Treatment with Trivexan (100 mg of pyrantel pamoate and 150 mg of mebendazole), one tablet as a single daily dose for 3 consecutive days resulted in cure rates for A. lumbricoides 96.0%, 100% for T. trichiura 78.0%, 80.9% and 86.9% for hookworm 98.0%, 100% and 100% and for E. vermicularis 82.3% 92.9% and 97.2%. No side effects were observed, except in one child who complained of nausea. PMID- 7342325 TI - A simple method for the determination of sample size in surveys for intestinal parasites. PMID- 7342324 TI - Spontaneous exit of a gnathostome through a surgical wound. AB - A case of subcutaneous gnathostomiasis in which subsequently a gnathostome larva crept out through a surgical wound in a 22-year-old Thai male is described. This case disclosed that although a worm may creep out of the body through certain natural passages as well as the skin, spontaneous exit via a surgical wound is a possibility. Based on the morphology and number of the head-bulb hooklets and cuticular spines by light and electron microscopy and gnathostome was confirmed as a third stage larva of gnathos toma spinigerum. PMID- 7342326 TI - Attempts to standardize the circumoval precipitin test (copt) for Schistosomiasis japonica. AB - The circumoval precipition test (COPT) is a simple and inexpensive immunodiagnostic test for schistosomiasis japonica which, in the Philippines, has high sensitivity and specificity. Lack of standardization does, however, increase the variability of the test. Parameters which influence the COPT have been examined using large numbers of sera from known S. japonicum infected individuals. In this series of experiments, optimal conditions were determined to be as follows using 2 drops of neat serum and incubation at 37 degrees C in a sealed slide chamber; - approximately 100 eggs from 55 or 60 days infected rabbits for a 24 to 48 hour incubation period. COP reactions (i.e. precipitates associated with eggs) were much less obvious when either immature eggs or eggs obtained from long-term infected rabbits were used. The results emphasize the prime importance of the source of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in the performance of a standardized COPT. PMID- 7342327 TI - Hemoglobin levels in normal Filipino pregnant women. AB - The hemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy in Filipinos belonging to the upper income group, who were prescribed 105 mg elemental iron daily, and who had acceptable levels of transferrin saturation, were examined in an attempt to define normal levels. The hemoglobin concentrations for each trimester followed a Gaussian distribution. The hemoglobin values equal to the mean minus one standard deviation were 11.4 gm/dl for the first trimester and 10.4 gm/dl for the second and third trimesters. Using these values as the lower limits of normal, in one group of pregnant women the prevalence of anemia during the last two trimesters was found lower than that obtained when WHO levels for normal were used. Groups of women with hemoglobin of 10.4 to 10.9 gm/dl (classified anemic by WHO criteria but normal in the present study) and those with 11.0 gm/dl and above could not be distinguished on the basis of their serum ferritin levels nor on the degree of decrease in their hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy. Many subjects in both groups, however, had serum ferritin levels less than 12 ng/ml which indicate poor iron stores. It might be desirable in future studies to determine the hemoglobin cut-off point that will delineate subjects who are both non-anemic and adequate in iron stores using serum ferritin levels as criterion for the latter. PMID- 7342329 TI - Food and nutrition monitoring system: an integration for health and socioeconomic development. PMID- 7342328 TI - Health and nutritional problems in the NAM Pong water resource development scheme. PMID- 7342330 TI - Study on the diagnosis of Gnathostoma infection in cats by radioimmunoassay. AB - A diagnostic method for gnathostomiasis by radioimmunoassay was carried out. Antibody activity produced in cat serum against Gnathostoma antigen was measured by using solid phase method and 125I-labelled anti cat IgG antibody. The result showed that the antibody activity in cats infected with Gnathostoma spinigerum was significantly higher than those of the control group and the Toxocara infected cats even at the dilution of 1:10,000, except in the Opisthorchis infected group at the dilution higher than 1:400. The results in the present study seem to be promising for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis. Cross reaction with other parasitic infections and the development for the higher specificity by this method is in progress. PMID- 7342331 TI - Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: III. Minimum effective dose of praziquantel. AB - A clinical trial of praziquantel was carried out in patients with opisthorchiasis using low dosages with 30 and 60 days follow-up. In group III, 30 patients treated with praziquantel 25 mg per kg body weight bid, for one day yielded a cure rate of 88%. In group IV, 12 patients received 25 mg per kg body weight in a single dose and gave a cure rate of 44 %. In group V, 55 patients received 40 mg per kg body weight in a single dose and yielded a cure rate of 91%. Mild and transient side effects were present in 54%, these included abdominal pain, lassitude, headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, myalgia and tachycardia. Clinical improvement was observed in most of the patients after one month and 33% of them were clinically cured in two months. The recommended dose of praziquantel for the treatment and control of opisthorchiasis in the endemic area is a single dose of 40 mg per kg body weight after meals. PMID- 7342332 TI - Chemotherapy of intestinal parasites in southeast asia. PMID- 7342333 TI - [Low ionic strength medium/protamine 'for irregular antibodies' detection and identification. A comparative assay with LIS method and auto analyser). (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342334 TI - [Comparative study of transferrin measurement and total iron binding capacity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342336 TI - [Biological methods for studying erythropoietin. Present status]. PMID- 7342335 TI - [Haemoglobin A2 assessment by DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) microchromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342338 TI - [Haemoglobin Koln: report of a new case in Spain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342339 TI - [Severe neonatal acanthocytosis with neurological changes]. PMID- 7342337 TI - [Haemoglobin Fannin-Lubbock (alpha 2 beta 2 119 (GH2) Gly leads to Asp). Report of the first case found in Europe)]. PMID- 7342340 TI - [Method recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology for the determination of the hemoglobin concentration of the blood]. PMID- 7342341 TI - The impact of early and comprehensive social work services on length of stay. AB - The efficient use of health care resources requires that patients remain in in patient facilities only as long as is necessary. High-quality patient care requires that patients are physically, socially and psychologically prepared for leaving the hospital and that plans for their post-hospital care are adequate. The authors discuss a study of Orthopaedic patients which demonstrates that early and comprehensive social work intervention can reduce the length of time patients stay in the hospital. They also describe the effect of the study on expanding the role of social work within the acute care, general hospital. PMID- 7342342 TI - Risk taking behavior: decision making in the face of genetic uncertainty. AB - Clients of genetic counseling frequently are called on to choose courses of action which may place themselves, their families, or their future offspring at some physical and/or emotional risk. This paper focuses on the nature of decision making in the face of such uncertainties. Evidence is presented from both research with clients making decision as well as from basic social psychological investigations of decision making which indicates the emotional and cognitive strains involved in making judgments under uncertainty. A framework for social work intervention is suggested that emphasizes prevention of deficiencies in information processing and decision making. PMID- 7342343 TI - A psychosocial intervention program for children with short stature and their families. PMID- 7342344 TI - An early intervention program for high-risk children in a health care setting. AB - Early intervention programs are designed to provide detection, treatment, and prevention of handicaps, developmental delays, and environmental deprivation as early in a child's life as possible. Health care facilities, especially community health centers, are in a unique position to provide intervention services. The social work and nursing staffs of the Dimock Community Health Center in Roxbury, Massachusetts designed an early intervention program (P.E.C.S.--Parent Education and Child Stimulation) for high-risk families. The program addresses the effects of developmental delays and environmental deprivation prevalent in the birth to three-year-old population of the Center. This paper describes the organization and methodology of the program and indicates ways in which the program can be replicated. PMID- 7342345 TI - Psychiatric and social work collaboration in pediatric chronic illness hospital. AB - Recently pediatric literature has noted that pediatric facilities often function as mental health facilities for their patients. There is little acknowledgment of the role of the pediatric social worker in such care. This paper reviews one year of child psychiatry consultations in a pediatric chronic illness hospital, with particular attention paid to quality of social work, pediatric and psychiatric collaboration. In the study year, 72 psychiatric consultations were requested for medical patients, the majority of which were requested by the social worker assigned to the medical service. Organizational and theoretical issues of the psychiatric consultation-liaison and social work service are discussed as well as disposition of consultations. From the data presented, close collaboration between pediatricians, social workers and child psychiatrists can be efficient, effective and offer a high level of continuity for mental health care of children with chronic illness. PMID- 7342346 TI - A clinical social worker's function as consultant in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 7342347 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a multidisciplinary treatment program for patient and family. AB - This paper estimates a multidisciplinary team approach to the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Beginning with a review of the demographic characteristics of seventy-five patients involved in this sample, a brief examination of diagnostic and etiological issues, and a description of treatment practices, the authors describe a five-year inpatient experience involving a team composed of social work, medicine and nursing. The importance of each role in treating this disorder is discussed and initial outcome data are reviewed. The social worker's responsibilities, experiences, and interventions with the families of patients are emphasized. Several general principles used in working with anorectic families derived from this five-year experience are also described. PMID- 7342348 TI - An interview with Rep Bill Messer. PMID- 7342349 TI - The depressed adolescent and the family. PMID- 7342350 TI - Renal failure induced by radiographic contrast media. PMID- 7342351 TI - A review of theoretical aspects of HLA and disease associations. PMID- 7342352 TI - [Mechanism of action of hypotensive drugs studied by carotidogram analysis. Application to anti-aldosterones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342353 TI - [Theophylline and 1-7 dimethyl xanthine, a metabolite of caffeine : selective assay by H.P.L.C. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342354 TI - [Changes in acid-base balance during nalidixic acid infusion in 23 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342357 TI - [Continuous measurement of gastric pH. A test for predicting resistance to cimetidine?]. PMID- 7342356 TI - [Interest of prednisolone therapy in Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342355 TI - [Acute study of the association of bromocriptine and domperidone in parkinsonism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342358 TI - [Effect of propranolol on basal oxygen consumption. Study in humans in respiratory arrest under general anesthesia or in a deep coma]. PMID- 7342359 TI - [Acute renal failure caused by rifampicin. A case]. PMID- 7342360 TI - [Institute for hemophiliacs. Experiences from a 10 years' care of a small group of functionally disabled]. PMID- 7342361 TI - [Regionalized responsibility for the community mental health service]. PMID- 7342362 TI - [Surgical treatment of aortic insufficiency in bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7342363 TI - [Rectal diazepam as premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy]. PMID- 7342364 TI - [Reoperations in gastrointestinal surgery. Intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 7342365 TI - [Paracetamol poisoning]. PMID- 7342366 TI - [Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressive agents. Treatment of severe hypotension with dopamine]. PMID- 7342367 TI - [Short-term and long-term consultations in general practice]. PMID- 7342368 TI - [Rapid ultrasonic diagnosis in acute abdominal diseases]. PMID- 7342369 TI - Vanadium increases selective K+-permeability in human erythrocytes. AB - In human erythrocytes that had been depleted of ATP by incubation with iodoacetate and adenosine, vanadate induces a 10-15-fold increase of K+ permeability. The effect is similar to that produced by calcium ions. Like the calcium-induced permeability change, the vanadate-induced effect is preceded by a lag period. Preincubation without substrates for ATP synthesis reduces the length of the lag period following the addition of either vanadate or calcium. The selective change of K+-permeability was brought about by vanadate anions (+5 oxidation state) as well as by vanadyl cations (+4 oxidation state). In both cases, the presence of EDTA prevented the permeability change. Blocking of the anion-transport system of the human erythrocytes by H2DIDS was used to discriminate between the unstable forms of vanadate anion and vanadyl cation in producing the potassium loss. The observation that H2DIDS had little if any effect on the efficiency and the previously reported fact by Cantley, L.C. and Aisen, Ph. (J. Biol. Chem., 254 (1979) 1781) that vanadate appears mostly as vanadyl in the cell interior suggests that, similar to Ca2+, Mg2+ or Pb2+, vanadyl (VO2+) can open the "potassium channel" in the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7342370 TI - The influence of infusion rate on the acute intravenous toxicity of phytic acid, a calcium-binding agent. AB - The intravenous toxicity of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) has recently become of interest because of the potential for IHP incorporation into red blood cells to achieve a therapeutically useful shift in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve (Gersonde, K. and Nicolau, C., Blut, 39 (1979) 1). The observed acute intravenous toxicity of IHP in rodents is consistent with its recognized capacity to bind calcium. The toxic manifestations of intravenous IHP are a function of rate of infusion as well as total dose, with some seemingly anomalous variations which may related to compensatory mechanisms. The data suggest that significant alterations of plasma calcium and the toxic potential of such alterations are not likely to result from the administration of red blood cells with IHP incorporated. PMID- 7342372 TI - Metabolism of curcumin--studies with [3H]curcumin. AB - Radioactivity was detectable in blood, liver and kidney following dosage with 400, 80 or 10 mg of [3H]curcumin. The major route of elimination of the label was the feces; the urinary excretion of the label was very low regardless of the dose. At the lower doses of 80 mg and 10 mg of [3H]-curcumin, most of the label was excreted within 72 h, while with 400 mg, considerable amounts of the label was present in the tissues 12 days after dosage. The percentage of curcumin absorbed (60-66% of the given dose) remained constant regardless of the dose administered. PMID- 7342371 TI - Stomach absorption of intubated insecticides in fasted mice. AB - Eight 14C-labeled insecticides representing diverse chemical classes were intubated into fasted mice whose stomachs were ligated at the pylorus. Absorption through the stomach was measured at 3 time intervals over a 60-min period and compared to similar absorption studies in the entire gastrointestinal tract. The percent of stomach absorption (as contrasted to total gastrointestinal absorption) varied from 29% (carbaryl) to 10% (nicotine). Distribution following stomach absorption was found to be similar to that in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7342374 TI - Decreased level of lysozyme in rabbit lung lavage fluid after inhalation of low nickel concentrations. AB - Six rabbits were exposed for 4 months (5 days/week, 6 h/day) and 6 rabbits for 8 months to approx. 0.1 mg/m3 of metallic nickel dust (U.S. threshold limit value (TLV) 1 mg/m3). Another 8 rabbits were exposed for 4-6 weeks (5 days/week, 6 h/day) to 0.3 mg/m3 (as Ni) of nickel chloride (U.S. TLV 0.1 mg/m3). After exposure lungs were lavaged. Concentration of lysozyme in the lavage fluid was estimated with the lyso-plate technique (agar plates with heat-killed Micrococcus lysodeikticus) after macrophages had been removed. All 3 exposed groups had markedly lower concentrations of lysozyme than corresponding controls. Mean values in controls and exposed rabbits were: for 4 months metallic nickel dust exposure 2.3 and less than or equal to 0.04 microgram/ml; for 8 months metallic nickel dust exposure 1.4 and less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; and for nickel chloride exposure 1.9 and less than or equal to 0.4 microgram/ml. PMID- 7342373 TI - Mutagenicity and alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N nitrosopiperidine: a possible correlation. AB - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyrr) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip) are carcinogenic and mutagenic cyclic nitrosamines. Their biotransformation by rat liver post mitochondrial fraction into 1,4-butanediol and 1,5-pentanediol, respectively, is evaluated by determining these ultimate metabolites with a sensitive and suitable method. Their mutagenic activity towards the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1530 was simultaneously observed. A relationship exists between their metabolism and their mutagenicity. alpha-Hydroxylation is probably the critical metabolic metabolism of cyclic nitrosamines. PMID- 7342376 TI - Childhood intussusception in Benin City, Nigeria. AB - The clinical and radiological features of 24 cases of childhood intussusception presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital are analysed. Nineteen (79%) children presented before the age of one year and the main symptoms were vomiting 87%, passage of bloody stool 62%, abdominal pain 50% and palpable abdominal mass 33%. The commonest aetiologic agent was ascariasis which was seen in three children. Radiological examination was found most useful in selecting patients for barium hydrostactic reduction, and a case is made for the use of the latter procedure in the treatment of childhood intussusception in developing countries. The high case fatality rate of 25% is related to the late presentation of children to hospital. PMID- 7342375 TI - Hypertensive retinopathy in Nigerians. A prospective clinical study of 350 cases. AB - In a prospective study of retinal changes in 350 hypertensive Nigerians from two institutions, over 70% of the patients showed hypertensive retinopathy. This is in agreement with the findings of some other studies in Africans. There was a statistically significant correlation between the height of blood pressure and severity of retinal changes. There was also a significant correlation between age and the early retinal changes but there was no environmental influence on the percentage distribution of retinopathy between the two institutions studied. PMID- 7342377 TI - Serum lipids in Nigerians: the effect of diabetes mellitus. AB - The triacylglycerols and cholesterol in the sera of a group of Nigerian diabetics were found to be higher than in a corresponding control group, but did not exceed the range normal to Caucasians. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the normal Nigerians were both lower than the levels reported for Caucasians although the value for the ratio total cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol did not differ. A low level of HDL-cholesterol in the blood is not in itself an indicator of atheroma. If the total cholesterol is also low, as occurs in the African, the distribution of the cholesterol between the lipoprotein classes is not disturbed. PMID- 7342378 TI - Diagnostic value of the Widal test. AB - The usefulness of a single Widal test to diagnose typhoid fever in Ethiopia was investigated in three study groups both retrospectively and prospectively. These were blood culture proven typhoid and non-typhoid patients and healthy individuals. Salmonella typhi H and O titres greater than or equal to 1:160 occurred in respectively 82% and 58% of typhoid fever patients; only 4% of healthy individuals and 8% of non-typhoid patients had Widal titres greater than or equal to 1:80. In typhoid fever, the H titre is elevated earlier and more frequently than the O titre. Antibody rise is maximal during the second week of illness. Antibiotic treatment did not affect the rise of antibody titre in typhoid fever. A single Widal test in an unvaccinated Ethiopian patient showing H and/or O titres greater than or equal to 1:160 and typhoid-like symptoms is strongly suggestive of typhoid fever. It also appears that H titre is more useful than O titre. More false positives are found than false negatives. Under these circumstances, the clinical picture is the decisive factor in making a diagnosis of typhoid. PMID- 7342379 TI - Comparative skin testing the Cuna Indians of Panama. AB - A group of 119 Cuna Indians from the San Blas Islands of Panama were skin tested with a standard tuberculin (RT-23) and three antigens prepared from atypical mycobacteria (M. intracellulare, PDB-B; M. kansasii, PPD-K; and M. xenopi, PPD X). There was a high level of skin sensitivity to PPD-X and PPD-K and significantly less to PPD-B. The results are contrasted to those obtained in a similar study of workers from mainland Panama. PMID- 7342380 TI - A new leptospiral serovar from India in the Javanica serogroup. AB - A new serovar in the Javanica serogroup is described after parallel investigation by the 'classical' comparative cross-agglutinin absorption test method and by a method derived from factor analysis. The strain was isolated from a bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) trapped in Mannuthy, Trichur, India. The serovar name menoni with reference strain Kerala, is proposed. PMID- 7342381 TI - Three new leptospiral serovars from Kenya. AB - Three new serovars isolated from rodents in Kenya are described. The strains were investigated by the 'classical' comparative cross-agglutinin absorption test method. In the Tarassovi serogroup the new serovar kanana with reference strain Kwale is proposed and in the Autumnalis group the new serovar lambwe with reference strain Lambwe. The new serovar kenya with reference strain Njenga seems to have a position in between the Ballum and Ranarum serogroup. PMID- 7342382 TI - An epidemiological study of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection in thirty-five rural Egyptian villages. AB - Probability samples of individuals from 35 village communities in the rural Egyptian Nile Valley were examined for the presence of schistosome ova by sedimentation of urine and by the MIFC technique for stools. In all there were 12,933 persons selected of which 11,337 provided specimens for examination from a total population of 66,768 persons divided among three governorates: 37% in North Central Delta, 31% in Upper-Middle Egypt and 32% in the Upper Egypt. After controlling the differences attributed to sampling methods, 30% of the villagers from Kafr El Sheikh, were found positive for S. haematobium and 20% for S. mansoni. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Kafr El Sheikh villages was 42%. South of the Nile Delta in the Beni Suef villages, 27% were found positive for S. haematobium and less than 1% positive for S. mansoni. In Aswan, prevalence was associated with the type and location of the village. Prevalence was low (4%) in villages located on high barren ground, but elevated (25%) in a village built within cropped and irrigated land. S. mansoni cases were also in the Aswan villagers; however, local acquisition of this infection was not substantiated. The specific age-sex distributions for both schistosomes species were characteristic with a notable difference in the male-female infection ratio that increased from north to south. The source of domestic water supply and prevalence of infection were consistently associated. These results were compared to past findings in order to provide a frame of reference to aid in the development of future surveillance and investigations. PMID- 7342383 TI - Ascaris and malnutrition in a Balinese village: a conditional relationship. AB - In a combined anthropological and parasitological study in a rural Balinese village, two distinct sub-populations were identified on the basis of nutritional and health practices. A significant negative correlation between Ascaris burden and nutritional status (P less than 0.05) was apparent only in the subpopulation characterized by lower nutritional intakes and low utilization of health care facilities. The results of this study suggest that the relationship between Ascariasis and child malnutritional is a conditional one, dependent upon the interaction of multiple biomedical and behavioural factors. PMID- 7342384 TI - Optimal age for vaccinating Nigerian children against measles. I. Neonatal antibody profile and subsequent susceptibility to measles. AB - The decline of maternally acquired haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against measles virus in Nigerian children born in Lagos was studied. At birth all the 303 children whose cord blood serum was tested had measurable antibodies. The antibody titre remained detectable in all the children up to four months of age, and in over 90% at five months of age. At six months 65% of the children were without detectable antibodies. At seven and eight months the proportion of children without measurable antibodies was reduced to 50% and 42% respectively, indicating a slight but progressive improvement in the immune status of the children. These findings provide a serological basis for starting anti-measles immunization of Nigerian children at six months. PMID- 7342385 TI - Optimal age for vaccinating Nigerian children against measles. II. Seroconversion to measles vaccine in different age groups. AB - Ninety-eight children between five and nine months were given measles vaccine. Bloodsamples were taken before and again six to eight weeks after immunization and tested for haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to measles virus. It was found that the sero-conversion rate was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in infants under seven months than over this age. The results suggest that although some immunized at six months of age show seroconversion, the proportion is too small to justify extensive immunization at this age. It is proposed that children in Lagos should be immunized from the age of eight to nine months. PMID- 7342386 TI - Tonsillectomy prevalences in South African schoolchildren. AB - Tonsillectomy prevalences, using questionnaires, were determined on series of school pupils (total number 10,271), aged 16-18 years, in four South African ethnic groups. Prevalence were, approximately: rural Blacks 2%, urban Blacks 3%, Indians 8%, Coloureds (Eur-African-Malay) 9% and Whites 44%. The inter-ethnic profile of differences is similar to the inter-ethnic profiles of other differences (e.g. in appendicectomy prevalences). PMID- 7342387 TI - Endemic goitre in whites and negroes: racial or social effect? AB - A sample of 2688 individuals, about half of them showing endemic goitre, has been studied in a hyper-endemic area of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The codified data were processed in computers. Analyses through contrasts among multinominal proportions showed Negroes and Mulattoes with higher frequencies of goitre than Whites, thus agreeing with results from the literature. A number of multiple regression models, including 21 independent variables, showed no evidence of any intrinsic racial effect on the occurrence of goitre. The authors conclude that the higher prevalence of goitre among Malattoes and Negroes probably reflects the influence of their poorer socio-economic conditions. Although genetic factors are generally assumed to play some role in the development of goitre, it is to environmental causes that the most important role is ascribed. PMID- 7342388 TI - Pilonidal sinus of the umbilicus with urachal adenoma. PMID- 7342389 TI - Some unusual gynaecological observations during an outbreak of dengue in Kingston, Jamaica. PMID- 7342390 TI - Haemoglobinuria after a single dose treatment with dapsone and pyrimethamine for falciparum malaria in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 7342391 TI - Primary health care among the Iban of Sarawak. PMID- 7342393 TI - The frequency of mitral valve prolapse in electrocardiographic disturbances of unknown origin. PMID- 7342392 TI - Study on aspirin-induced bronchial obstruction in children with bronchial asthma. PMID- 7342395 TI - Cockayne syndrome in siblings (Clinico-pathological study). PMID- 7342394 TI - Recurrent meningitis in childhood. (Hacettepe series of 53 cases). PMID- 7342396 TI - An equation for computing expected birth measurements (including birthweight) for the Turkish population (based on pregnancy characteristics). PMID- 7342397 TI - Radiation retinopathy: an experimental model for the ischemic--proliferative retinopathies. PMID- 7342398 TI - Congenital absence of the superior oblique tendon. AB - Congenital absence of the superior oblique tendon occurred in 18% of patients with a diagnosis of congenital superior oblique palsy who were treated with an attempt at a tuck of the superior oblique tendon. The presence of horizontal strabismus and amblyopia in a patient with diagnosis of congenital superior oblique palsy should raise the possibility of absence of this tendon. Absence of the superior oblique tendon can be treated successfully with weakening of the antagonist inferior oblique, and either recession of the yoke inferior rectus or the ipsilateral superior rectus. The horizontal deviation can be treated with appropriate recession and resection of the horizontal recti. PMID- 7342399 TI - Polymicrobial keratitis. PMID- 7342400 TI - Diabetic keratopathy. PMID- 7342401 TI - Methods of applying pressure after retrobulbar block. PMID- 7342402 TI - Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. AB - Fifteen patients in three families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy were examined and followed. Eleven of the 15 (73%) were asymptomatic and showed only peripheral non-vascularization of the peripheral temporal retina. An acute proliferative form resembling acute retrolental fibroplasia was characterized by dragging of the retina to the temporal side and subretinal exudation which developed in children between the ages of birth and ten years. The acute proliferative changes in pediatric patients typically occurred asymmetrically, with one eye remaining asymptomatic or less severely affected while the other eye progressed to severe temporal dragging of the retina, subretinal exudation, and retinal detachment. PMID- 7342403 TI - Superior rectus revisited. PMID- 7342405 TI - Radioactive iodine-125 as a therapeutic radiation source for management of intraocular tumors. PMID- 7342404 TI - Aniridia and mental retardation with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11. PMID- 7342406 TI - Macular and paramacular detachment of the neurosensory retina associated with systemic diseases. AB - We have reviewed 168 cases of angiographically proved SRD of the macular region of unknown etiology that were seen at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Thirty seven percent of these patients had documented coincident systemic diseases. Of that group, patients with autoimmune disease appeared to have ocular symptoms during the active phase of the systemic illness. Nine cases are reported characterizing the coincidence of exacerbation of systemic disease with recurrent serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. It is our hypothesis that in patients with autoimmune disease, the choroiditis is secondary to the damage caused by immune complexes. Thus, in these patients, SRD was a manifestation of the systemic illness. PMID- 7342408 TI - The development of the trabecular meshwork and its abnormality in primary infantile glaucoma. AB - Tissue from ten eyes with infantile glaucoma and from 40 normal eyes of fetuses and infants without glaucoma were examined by light and electron microscopy. In normal development, the corneoscleral coat grows faster than the uveal tract during the last trimester, leading to a posterior migration of the ciliary body attachment from Schwalbe's line (5th month) to the scleral spur (9th month), and then to a location behind the scleral spur (postnatally). In infantile glaucoma, the insertion of the anterior ciliary body and iris overlaps the trabecular meshwork, similar to the late fetal position. The trabecular sheets are perforated, and there is no membrane over the surface of the trabecular meshwork. The trabecular beams are thicker than in normal infant eyes. There is both histologic and clinical evidence of traction on the iris root exerted by the thickened trabecular beams. These findings suggest that in congenital glaucoma the thickened beams had prevented the normal posterior migration of the ciliary body and iris root. This traction may compact the thickened trabecular beams, obstructing aqueous humor outflow. Release of the traction by an incision (goniotomy or trabeculotomy) of the thickened meshwork may relieve the obstruction. Of uncertain pathological significance is that there are no vacuoles in the endothelium of Schlemm's canal and there is a broad layer of collagen and amorphous material in the juxtacanalicular connective tissue. The ciliary processes are elongated inward, as if they were pulled by zonular traction (perhaps created by an enlarging diameter of the limbus with a fixed lens diameter). PMID- 7342407 TI - Central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective histopathologic study of 29 eyes in 28 cases. AB - The clinical and histopathologic features of 29 eyes from 29 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) are reported. A fresh or a recanalized thrombus was observed in each eye. This study considers the temporal aspects of the cases, and it notes the different morphologic features of the occlusion. These observations explain most of the variability of the changes observed in previous reports. We believe that these different features represent the various stages in the natural evolution of such a thrombus. The interval between CRVO and histopathologic study in our series ranged from six hours to more than 10 years. Local and systemic factors were reviewed and were found to be important in the pathogenesis of thrombus formation. Local diseases with a predisposing effect on CRVO included: glaucoma, papilledema, subdural hemorrhage, optic nerve hemorrhage, and drusen of the optic nerve head. Associated systemic diseases included: hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and leukemia with thrombocytopenia. A fresh thrombus in the CRVO was observed in three (10.3%), and a recanalized thrombus in 26 eyes (89.7%). Endothelial-cell proliferation was a conspicuous feature in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. Chronic inflammation in the area of the thrombus, and/or vein wall or perivenular area was observed in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. Arterial occlusive disease was observed in seven eyes (24.6%). Cystoid macular edema was found in 26 (89.7%) of the eyes. PMID- 7342409 TI - Twenty years and twenty thousand contact lens patients. AB - A self contained non commercial private office laboratory staffed by office personnel has been used to prepare contact lenses for private office patients. These lenses include hard contact lenses of various materials and various designs. During the past ten years extended wear hydrophilic soft lenses have been prepared in the same manner as hard lenses, all custom made with lens powers, base curves, diameters, and thickness designed according to the needs of each patient. This has provided strict medical supervision and lens maintenance with maximum convenience for patients and the ophthalmologist. PMID- 7342410 TI - Precision standardization of radial keratotomy. PMID- 7342411 TI - Primary cysts of the iris. AB - This paper has presented the author's experience with the evaluation and follow up of 62 patients with primary cysts of the iris. On the basis of these observations, a classification of iris cyst is proposed. Accordingly, primary iris cysts are divided into epithelial and stromal categories, each having different clinical characteristics. Epithelial cysts arise between the pigmented epithelial layers of the iris and occur at the pupillary margin (central cysts), in the mid-portion of the iris (midzonal cysts) or, more commonly, in the iridociliary sulcus (peripheral cysts). In some cases, the cysts apparently break free from their epithelial attachment and migrate into the anterior chamber of vitreous chamber (dislodged cysts). Primary stromal cysts occur within the iris stroma and are not directly continuous with the posterior epithelium. They apparently arise from ectopic surface epithelium which is trapped in the iris during embryologic development. A study of the natural course and complications of these lesions has shown that the great majority of primary iris cysts, particularly those which arise from the iris pigment epithelial layer, are stationary lesions which rarely progress or cause visual complications. This finding is contradictory to the contemporary belief of certain authorities who stress that many such lesions lead to severe complications with blindness and loss of the eye. The natural course of primary epithelial cysts differs from that of secondary iris cysts which follow surgical or non-surgical trauma. The latter lesions do frequently enlarge and lead to severe complications such as inflammation and glaucoma. PMID- 7342412 TI - The anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog. I. The nature of the problem. AB - The anemia of inflammatory disease(AID) in the dog is an almost invariable complication of infection, inflammation and disseminated or necrotizing neoplastic disease. Clinically innocuous, it is important only in the greater understanding of the mechanisms controlling circulating erythrocyte quantity and quality. The etiology and pathogenesis include a shortened red cell life-span, disordered iron metabolism, depressed bone marrow response to the anemia and a disordered iron storage. The laboratory features of a moderate anemia, normal bone marrow cellular pattern, depression iron metabolism and reticuloendothelial iron sequestration make a final diagnosis of AID dependent on ruling out other etiologic mechanisms which may obscure or aggravate the anemia of the inflammatory disease in the dog. PMID- 7342415 TI - Rabies vaccination trial in wild ruminants. PMID- 7342413 TI - Concomitant occurrence of Campylobacter and parvoviruses in dogs with gastroenteritis. AB - In 1979 a canine parvovirus infection was widespread among dogs in Sweden. During the epizootic faecal samples were taken for bacteriological examination from 77 hospitalised dogs at an animal clinic. Forty-nine of the dogs had signs of gastroenteritis and they were all infected with canine parvovirus according to serological investigations. The remaining 28 dogs were referred to the clinic for other reasons. Campylobacter was isolated from 23 out of the 49 dogs with gastroenteritis and from 4 out of 28 dogs lacking symptoms of enteritis. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7342414 TI - Changes in colostral and serum IgG content in swine in relation to time. AB - Changes in the IgG concentration in the colostrum from separate tests of 6 sows and those in the sera of their 38 piglets were investigated. Colostrum was frequently sampled from parturition to 120 hours and blood was taken from the piglets from birth to 10 weeks of age. The IgG content of the colostrum decreased to 3.2% of the original concentration at the 5th day of lactation. The meaningful variation of the IgG concentration of the colostra obtained from different teats increased rapidly from 12 hours postpartum. between-sow variation was high and no correlation of the IgG concentration of the colostrum with the average serum level of the corresponding litter could be confirmed. Of the newborn pigs, 33% possessed IgG before ingesting colostrum, the observed concentration was 0.09 +/- 0.02 mg/ml (mean +/- SEM). At 0.5 and 1.5 hours after access to colostrum, this value was 2.30 +/- 1.38 and 1.89 +/- 0.60 mg/ml respectively. The highest IgG concentration (39.45 +/- 1.46) was observed at 24 hours after birth. Following that, a stepwise drop occurred in the IgG level and the lowest value was observed in the 4th week of age (8.92 +/- 0.59 mg/ml). Subsequently, there was a continuous rise until 10 weeks of age when the concentration reached the value characteristic of adults. The calculated half-life of the IgG in the sera showed a significant between-litter variation. The average half-life of the serum IgG of pigs was 9.73 days. PMID- 7342416 TI - Passive transfer of immunity to trichostrongyle species infections in sheep. Investigations of specificity and limitations of 'transfer factor' activity with Trichostrongylus axei infections. AB - The ability of transfer factor (TF) preparations to transfer resistance to challenge with Trichostrongylus axei in sheep and to correct partially the immune immaturity of young lambs was confirmed. Non-dialysed TF consistently transferred resistance but dialysed TF frequently failed, perhaps demonstrating a loss of activity during TF preparation procedures. Specificity of transfer was demonstrated when T. axei TF transferred resistance to T. axei challenge but Haemonchus contortus TF failed to do so. PMID- 7342417 TI - Corynebacterium equi in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. AB - Corynebacterium equi has been recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of sheep and cattle. It can be found in all parts of the gut, and around 80% of animals have the organism in one or more intestinal sites. C. equi could be detected in the faeces of sheep which were kept caged and free from recontamination by the organism. PMID- 7342418 TI - Culture of epithelial cells from bovine ruminal mucosa. AB - A method is reported for the primary in vitro culture of epithelial cells derived from bovine ruminal mucosa. That the cultures of ruminal epithelial cells consisted exclusively of stratum spinosum, stratum basale and stratum granulosum was confirmed by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining using carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme as a marker. PMID- 7342420 TI - A modified procedure for the extraction of infective nematode larvae from bovine faeces. PMID- 7342419 TI - Investigation of the possible role of the tuberculin intradermal test in the spread of enzootic bovine leukosis. AB - The single intradermal comparative test was used with both avian and bovine tuberculin. Three cattle infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were used as a source of infection. BLV-positive and susceptible animals were tuberculin tested alternately. Fifteen susceptible calves and 15 susceptible sheep were tested. A further three valves and three sheep were used as controls; the needles of the tuberculin syringes were deliberately contaminated with blood from the BLV infected cattle, before being used in the test. Whereas all three calves and the three sheep inoculated intradermally with contaminated needles developed BLV infections, all of the other 30 animals have remained serologically negative to BLV for 10 months. Transmission of BLV with needles contaminated with BLV infected blood was prevented by wiping the needles with absorbent cotton wool. PMID- 7342422 TI - [Organization of bronchologic care of the patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7342421 TI - [Systemic regularities of morh morphogenesis]. PMID- 7342423 TI - [Long-term effects of exposure to inhibitors of metal corrosion]. PMID- 7342424 TI - [State of the hepatobiliary system after exposure to benzanthrone]. PMID- 7342425 TI - [Diagnostic value of respiration indices in patients with influenza]. PMID- 7342426 TI - [Hepatitis B markers in the personnel of clinical-diagnostic laboratories]. PMID- 7342428 TI - [Functional state of kidneys in patients with hypertension and history of infectious hepatitis]. PMID- 7342427 TI - [Clinical course of viral hepatitis complicated by thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7342429 TI - [Causes of diagnostic errors and fatal outcomes in meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7342430 TI - [Organization of therapeutic-rehabilitating regimen in specialized psychiatric department]. PMID- 7342431 TI - [Role of staff psychiatrist in general hospital]. PMID- 7342432 TI - [Incidence and clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer in certain occupations]. PMID- 7342433 TI - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in patients with secondary chronic gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7342435 TI - [Morphofunctional changes of the gastroduodenal region during experimental erosive-ulcerative gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7342434 TI - [Clinico-laboratory examinations of patients with chronic cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 7342436 TI - [Disturbances of the composition of the gallbladder bile in cholecystitis]. PMID- 7342437 TI - [Therapeutic effect of liobyl]. PMID- 7342438 TI - [Blood cortisol level of the patients with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7342439 TI - [Prostaglandins in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7342441 TI - [Intensive therapy of patients with bilateral diseases of the kidneys and upper urinary tract]. PMID- 7342440 TI - [Renal hemodynamics in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7342443 TI - [Atypical presentation of "acute abdomen" in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 7342442 TI - [Organization and objectives of nephrologic service]. PMID- 7342444 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics and stroke volume in patients with ischemic heart disease during an exercise test]. PMID- 7342445 TI - [Functional state of the myocardium in patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 7342446 TI - [Electroencephalographic and hemodynamic indices in patients with hypertension during an emotional-mental stress]. PMID- 7342447 TI - [Tonus and reactivity of cerebral vessels in patients with glossalgia subjected to rheographic examination]. PMID- 7342449 TI - [Biomechanics of respiration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7342448 TI - [Ventilation and oxygen transport during normobaric hyperoxia in patients with lung disease]. PMID- 7342450 TI - [Use of prodectin in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7342451 TI - [Efficacy of various chemotherapeutic regimens in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7342452 TI - [Plasma and platelet homeostasis during the recovery period of drug allergy]. PMID- 7342453 TI - [Role of serum immunoglobulins for differential diagnosis of liver and bile duct diseases]. PMID- 7342454 TI - [Mineral homeostasis in brain edema]. PMID- 7342455 TI - Chronic anorexia nervosa: medical mimic. AB - While anorexia nervosa is typically construed as an acute, dramatic disorder of younger women, long-term follow-up studies indicate that morbidity is chronic or relapsing in 30 percent to 50 percent of cases and sometimes leads to death. In older patients or those with atypical clinical features or obscure complications, chronic starvation may mimic other diseases, and rigid adherence to current diagnostic criteria may impede recognition and appropriate treatment. Anorexia nervosa should be viewed as a spectrum of disorders, with varying courses and presentations, in order that clinicians in nonpsychiatric settings may be equipped to provide adequate care of patients with this complex psychosomatic disease. PMID- 7342456 TI - An outbreak of congenital rubella. AB - A large outbreak of rubella occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area in early 1979. Later that year and in early 1980, 13 cases of confirmed or probable congenital rubella syndrome were reported. Results of a subsequent investigation strongly suggest that these two events were related in a causal manner and do not represent an indirect association based on changes in diagnostic or reporting thoroughness. To prevent such episodes in the future, renewed emphasis must be placed on routine immunization of young children of both sexes, rigorous enforcement of school-entry immunization laws and selective immunization of women of childbearing age. PMID- 7342457 TI - Computerized tomographic diagnosis of paracardiac masses. AB - Paracardiac masses may alter the cardiac contour seen on roentgenograms of the chest so as to mimic configurations associated with cardiac disease. Recently, the use of computerized transmission tomography has proved valuable as a noninvasive method of distinguishing between intrinsic cardiac disease and paracardiac masses. In some cases, the procedure obviates the need for preoperative cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7342459 TI - Malaria: a great relatively neglected disease. PMID- 7342460 TI - The doctor and the computer. PMID- 7342458 TI - Smoke inhalation. PMID- 7342461 TI - Fatal disseminated coccidioidomycosis following an intestinal bypass operation for obesity. PMID- 7342462 TI - Cimetidine and cytopenia. PMID- 7342463 TI - The Halsted mastectomy. PMID- 7342464 TI - Psychiatric symptoms of neurosyphilis. PMID- 7342465 TI - A computer terminal program to evaluate cardiovascular functional limits and estimate coronary event risks. AB - A system of computer terminals was set up in a group of office practices, industrial medical departments and hospitals and connected to a central computer. This service provides a means of analyzing treadmill exercise results, which are displayed graphically on the computer printout. The system also provides estimates of probabilities of primary or secondary coronary heart disease events developing based on the exercise responses. PMID- 7342466 TI - [The incidence of congenital abnormalities following gestagen administration in early pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - 198 women who had been trying for years to have a baby were submitted to a trial of prophylactic allyloestrenol therapy in an attempt to lower the incidence of spontaneous abortion. Allyloestrenol (Gestanon) was given at a dosage of 10 mg daily until the 8th week of pregnancy; the dosage was then stepped up to 15 to 20 mg daily until the 12th week of pregnancy and then rapidly tailed off. A decrease in the miscarriage rate was seen only in the group of women in whom treatment had been commenced immediately following ovulation (27 women: 1 miscarriage). If therapy was initiated only after the first missed period then it was without effect (161 women: 23 miscarriages). There were 4 cases of severe congenital abnormality; 3 of these cases arose in the group given allyloestrenol immediately after ovulation (with a drastic reduction in miscarriage rate). The results are discussed. They speak against a cytotoxic effect of the gestagen. It appears likely that the lowering in miscarriage rate occurs at the expense of a failure to prevent the nidation of abnormal fetuses who would normally be aborted. PMID- 7342467 TI - [Intravaginal treatment of colpitis maculosa with an oestriol-containing vaginal cream (author's transl)]. AB - 43 patients with colpitis maculosa (average age 60.2 years) were selected for an open control therapeutic study with Ortho-Gynest vaginal cream (Ortho-Cilag). The cream contains 0.5 mg of oestriol per single applicator filling. The treatment lasted from 3 to 4 weeks, success being evaluated by clinical documentation and cytological evaluation of vaginal smears before and after treatment. 10 patients (23.3%) were treated successfully, 29 (67.4%) showed a distinct improvement both clinically and cytologically, whilst the remaining 4 (9.3%) showed only moderate improvement. Hence, 39 patients (90.7%) were classified as having been successfully or partly successfully treated. Severe symptoms disappeared completely or were greatly alleviated in 91.4% cases. Moderate symptoms vanished in 59.7%. 58.1% showed a complete normalisation of the former atrophic vaginal skin. Blood spotting and reddening of the vaginal wall vanished completely. A change from dry to moist vagina occurred in 77.3% patients. Discharge vanished completely in 80.6% cases. No untoward side effects were recorded. PMID- 7342468 TI - [Ischaemic colitis (author's transl)]. AB - Attention must be drawn to the fact that especially in elderly patients with acute onset of abdominal pain concomitant with haemorrhagic, mucous diarrhoea, ischaemic colitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Ischaemic colitis arises as a consequence of insufficient blood flow through the peripheral branches of the middle colic artery and inferior mesenteric artery and mostly strikes the left colonic flexure, the colon descendens or sigmoid. Because of the segmental involvement and the macroscopic appearance on X-ray and endoscopy the disease is sometimes indistinguishable from Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In every day clinical life ischaemic colitis is a relatively rare phenomenon, in spite of the high incidence of arterial occlusive disease in the patients treated at this unit. The increasing frequency of ulcerative colitis in elderly patients, as reported in the literature, may be partly associated with unidentified cases of ischaemic colitis and this possibility is discussed. PMID- 7342469 TI - [Some observations on farmer's lung (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from 72 patients--29 females, 43 males--with symptoms suggestive of farmer's lung were tested by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique using 10 different antigen solutions (extracts from mycetes and thermophilic actinomycetes, pigeon serum, extracts from pigeon droppings and Sitophilus granarius). In 23 cases precipitating antibodies were observed and Micropolyspora faeni was the most common antigen responsible for positive reactions. In 17 seropositive patients the diagnosis of exogen allergic alveolitis was established by clinical and laboratory findings. Measurements of immunoglobulins in these sera showed pronounced elevation of IgG and slightly elevated levels of IgA; IgM, IgE and C 3 c levels were in the normal range. The results are discussed with regard to the classification of farmer's lung as an occupational disease in Austria since December 30th, 1980. PMID- 7342470 TI - [Herpes zoster oticus -- neuropathologic contribution to the genesis of concomitant facial paralysis (author's transl)]. AB - A woman of 71 years suffered from herpes zoster oticus, 7th and 10th nerve paralysis, vertigo and hearing loss; she died after 5 weeks. Neuropathologic examination revealed intensive inflammation in the pons and medulla oblongata and necrotizing arteritis in the cerebello-pontine angle, predominantly on the clinically affected side. The adjacent facial nerve was severely damaged. For the first time, necrotizing arteritis appears as important cause of facial paralysis in the Ramsey-Hunt syndrome. PMID- 7342471 TI - [Lymphogranuloma inguinale]. PMID- 7342472 TI - The problem of classifying obesity. PMID- 7342473 TI - Medical and surgical indications for treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7342474 TI - Surgical treatment of massive obesity: our experience with jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7342476 TI - Gastric bypass for morbid obesity. PMID- 7342475 TI - Management of morbid obesity by jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7342477 TI - Gastroplasty in morbid obesity: a progress report. PMID- 7342478 TI - Treatment of morbid obesity by gastric partitioning. PMID- 7342479 TI - Psychological evaluation of extremely obese patients before and after surgical treatment. PMID- 7342481 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter and the gastroesophageal antireflux mechanism. PMID- 7342480 TI - Effect of endogenous secretin on plasma glucagon after total pancreatectomy. PMID- 7342483 TI - Results of surgery in fibrodysplastic renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7342482 TI - Prophylaxis of recurrent goiter by high-dose L-thyroxine. PMID- 7342484 TI - Hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructure study. PMID- 7342486 TI - The state of the art: a commentary on the current practice of metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies in the pharmaceutical industry. AB - 1. The role of those studying metabolism and pharmacokinetics within the safety evaluation process is discussed. 2. Current technology to undertake "classical" drugs disposition studies is adequate but some of the classical concepts may require modification in the future. 3. Problems of study design in the context of the broad objectives of regulatory requirements are reviewed. 4. The implications of new proposals which may affect the future design of metabolic and pharmacokinetic programmes are considered. PMID- 7342485 TI - Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus outside the operating theater. PMID- 7342487 TI - Selection of solvents for thin-layer chromatography by means of a simple ranking system based on dielectric constants. AB - 1. A system devised for ranking t.l.c. solvent mixtures on the basis of their dielectric constants is useful in selecting mixtures for routine t.l.c. 2. For three basic compounds (tiquinamide, meptazinol and ciclazindol) and three acidic compounds (fentiazac, oxaprozin and 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), chromatographed on silica in the unionized state, a good correlation was found between RF and dielectric constant of the eluting solvent mixture. PMID- 7342488 TI - A novel technique for assessment of biliary secretion and enterohepatic circulation in the unrestrained conscious rat. AB - 1. A technique is described for the continuous collection of bile, for long periods, from unrestrained conscious rats housed in standard glass metabolism cages. 2. Bile is collected in cooled vessels outside the cage through a cannula which is exteriorized at the back of the neck and is protected from damage by an outer covering. 3. A minimum recovery period of three days is allowed after the operation, by which time liver function and intestinal motility are normal. 4. An extension of the technique can be used to assess enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 7342489 TI - Methods for the estimation of the excretion of proxicromil and its metabolites in the milk of nursing rat mothers. AB - 1. The excretion of proxicromil and its metabolites into the milk of nursing rat mothers and its ingestion by rat pups have been investigated. 2. The methodology employed, hand-milking of the mothers and analysis of suckling rat pups or their stomach contents, has been developed from a review of the scientific literature. The most dependable of the methods used was the analysis of the stomachs of suckling rat pups. This method provided a useful index of radioactivity excreted into milk and allowed calculation of neonate exposure. 3. At a maternal dose level of 20 mg/kg a significant proportion of the dose (1-2%) was excreted into the milk. Analysis of milk taken from rat pup stomachs indicated that both proxicromil (63%) and its hydroxylated metabolites (37%) were present in the milk. PMID- 7342490 TI - Morphometric study of the fetal development of the human hip joint: significance for congenital hip disease. AB - Hip joints (280) from 140 human fetuses, obtained from abortions and deaths in the perinatal period, were studied. The fetuses ranged from 8.7 to 40 cm in crown rump length and are believed to be between 12 and 42 weeks in age. The joints were dissected, morphology inspected, and measurements taken of the depth and diameter of the acetabulum, the diameter of the femoral head, length and width of the ligament of the head, the neck-shaft, and torsion angles of the proximal femur. Regression models were fitted to determine which would best predict the growth pattern. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no significant differences between males and females or between the right and left sides. Acetabular depth was shown to be the slowest-growing hip variable, increasing less than fourfold in the period studied. Acetabular indices less than 50 percent indicate a shallow socket at term. Femoral head and acetabular diameter demonstrated a strong relationship (r = 0.860) and in many joints the femoral head diameter exceeded that of the acetabulum. Considerable variability was demonstrated in both femoral angles. The femoral angles showed only low correlation with the other hip variables. These observations indicate that soft tissue structures about the joint must play an important role in neonatal joint stability. The explanation of greater female and left side involvement in congenital hip disease must lie in factors other than growth changes of hip dimensions. Neither angle appears to be a useful indicator of normal joint development. PMID- 7342491 TI - The use of D-penicillamine in cystinuria: efficacy and untoward reactions. AB - A retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy of D-penicillamine in the management of cystinuria, as well as to define the frequency and nature of untoward reactions to this drug. Fifty-six individuals were identified who, by stone analysis and/or biochemical studies, met the accepted diagnostic criteria for phenotypic cystinuria. The majority of these patients presented in the second decade of life with evidence of stone formation: renal colic, hematuria, and/or stone passage. Thirty-five individuals were considered to have clinically advanced cystinuria because they had required at least one urinary tract lithotomy. In these advanced cases, frequency of subsequent lithotomies and episodes of renal colic per 100 patient-years of observation were used as indices to measure the efficacy of D-penicillamine treatment. By both measurements, D penicillamine significantly improved the clinical course of patients. The incidence of acute drug sensitivity reactions (rash, fever, and/or arthropathy) was in excess of 40 percent. Delayed drug-induced proteinuria occurred in 34 percent of treated patients. We conclude that D-penicillamine is useful in the treatment of cystinuria. Because of the significant number of untoward drug reactions, however, we believe the drug should be instituted only in selected, high-risk patients. PMID- 7342492 TI - Radiation protection: the NCRP guidelines and some considerations for the future. AB - The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in the USA and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), worldwide, were formed about 1928 and have since made recommendations on appropriate levels of protection from ionizing radiation for workers and for the public. These recommendations and much of the guidance provided by these organizations have usually been adopted by regulatory bodies around the world. In the case of the NCRP, the levels have fallen from 0.1 roentgen per day in 1934 to the current 5 rem per year (a factor of about 5). The present levels recommended by both the ICRP and the NCRP correspond to reasonable levels of risk where the risks of harm from ionizing radiation are compared with the hazards of other, commonly regarded, as safe, industries. Some considerations for the future in radiation protection include trends in exposure levels (generally downward for the average exposure to workers) and improvements in risk estimation; questions of lifetime limits, de minimis levels, and partial body exposures; plus problems of high LET radiations, acceptability of risk, synergisms, and risk systems for protection. PMID- 7342493 TI - Congenital disorders of vitamin B12 transport and their contributions to concepts. II. AB - Congenital deficiencies of Transcobalamin II (TC II) and R binders of vitamin B12 (B12, cobalamin, Cbl) have been described in several families. The deficiency of TC II exists as at least three variants. The deficiency of TC II is expressed by a profound megaloblastic pancytopenia during the first few weeks of life, but the serum Cbl is normal. In contrast, the deficiency of R binder is asymptomatic, tissues are replete in Cbl, but the serum Cbl is low. All of the R binder in the several body sources is under the same genetic control. Studies of the congenital deficiency TC II suggest the following: (1) The function of TC II is the promotion of cell uptake of physiologic amounts of Cbl, which can also be accomplished by very large amounts of Cbl, and not in any intracellular process. (2) TC II is essential for the absorption, postabsorptive distribution, and recycling of TC II. (3) The metabolic consequences of TC II deficiency are expressed primarily in rapidly dividing cells probably because they are dependent upon the constant need for new Cbl. PMID- 7342496 TI - [Morphology of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7342495 TI - [Coronary circulation - physiology and pathophysiology]. PMID- 7342494 TI - The importance and regulation of hepatic glutathione. AB - Glutathione plays a key role in the liver in detoxification reactions and in regulating the thiol-disulfide status of the cell. Glutathione synthesis is regulated mainly by the availability of precursor cysteine and the concentration of glutathione itself which feeds back to regulate its own synthesis. Degradation of hepatic glutathione is principally regulated by the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione into both sinusoidal plasma and bile. In addition, glutathione may be consumed in conjugation reactions. Under conditions of oxidative stress, the liver exports oxidized glutathione into bile in a concentrative fashion, whereas under basal conditions, mainly reduced glutathione is exported into bile and blood. The mechanism of export of reduced glutathione into bile and sinusoidal blood is poorly understood. PMID- 7342497 TI - [Indications for invasive diagnostic measures in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7342499 TI - [Telethermography and direct 02 measurements of the myocardium as criteria for the efficacy of arterialization of heart veins]. PMID- 7342498 TI - [Experiences with arterialization of heart veins in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in animal experiments]. PMID- 7342500 TI - [Morphology of the myocardium in arterialization of heart veins during the acute phase of myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7342501 TI - [Intracranial hematoma in old age following craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7342502 TI - [Surgical gynecological differential diagnosis in acute abdomen and therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 7342503 TI - [A case of excessive drug collection]. PMID- 7342504 TI - [Practical reasons for required adjuvant psychotherapeutic treatment in internal medicine clinics]. PMID- 7342505 TI - [Checking physical performance in general and sports practice]. PMID- 7342507 TI - [Measurement of left ventricle asynergy by various measuring procedures. II. Findings in patients with post-infarction states]. AB - In 30 patients with postinfarction condition (11 infarctions of the posterior wall, 11 infarction of the anterior wall, 8 aneurysms of the anterior wall) the regional contraction of the left ventricle was analysed by 3 different metrical methods (semiaxis, surface and angular method) on the basis of the kineventriculogramme in the 1st oblique diameter. With all 3 methods a significant reduction of the mean contraction amplitude could be proved in the affected ventricular region. Using the semiaxis method, in all 30 patients an asynergy could be identified. By the surface method 2 patients with infarction of the posterior wall and 1 patient with infarction of the anterior wall, by the angular method 3 patients with infarction of the posterior wall and 1 patient with infarction of the anterior wall were not established. According to the disturbance of the entire function of the ventricle the number of the segment with disturbed contraction was largest in the group with aneurysm of the anterior wall and smallest in the group with infarction of the posterior wall. Even here the semiaxis method showed the greatest and the angular method the smallest sensitivity. PMID- 7342506 TI - [Autoimmunologic activity of skeletal muscles in so-called collagenoses]. PMID- 7342508 TI - [Alveolitis--its effect on lung circulation]. AB - 29 patients with exogenous allergic alveolitis and 57 patients with chronic fibrosing alveolitis were examined. Lung function and blood gas analytical parameters and the pressure of the pulmonary artery in rest and during load were investigated in all persons. The measured results of the two groups of patients were compared. In all patients a restrictive disturbance of ventilation and a hypoxemia were established. 34 patients showed an increased pressure of the pulmonary artery in rest, in 22 patients an elevated pressure in the pulmonary circulation on loading conditions was measured. By reason of different loading pressures all 85 patients were divided into 3 groups, where their function patterns were discussed. The special importance of evidence of loading investigations in pressure measurements in the pulmonary circulation is discussed. PMID- 7342509 TI - [Effect of drugs on laboratory diagnosis--effect of propranolol on selected laboratory values]. AB - In the accessible literature the influence of beta-blockers on laboratory methods is estimated only little systematically and nearly exclusively on parameters of the glucose and lipometabolism. The influence on several methods in vitro is without relevance to practice. Own examinations showed that in 32 patients with essential hypertension of stage I (after Baumann and Nitschkoff) under therapeutic doses of 50--80 mg propranolol a day in none of the 18 chemical parameters tested after a four weeks' treatment significant deviations relevant to practice appeared in comparison to the parameters before treatment. PMID- 7342510 TI - [Hemodynamic parameters determined by impedance cardiography in hyperthyroidism]. AB - The impedance-cardiography renders possible the recognition of central haemodynamic parameters on an unbloody way. For the judgment of the method 18 female patients with hyperthyreosis were examined before and during the thyreostatic treatment. At the same time the systolic time intervals were estimated and the results from the two methods were compared. Apart from the abbreviation of PEP and the decrease of the contractility index PEP/LVET the increase of the cardiac index and the reduction of the resistance index indicate the thyreotoxic effect on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7342511 TI - [Development of methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of urinary glucose]. AB - The methods for proof and determination of urinary glucose practiced in the GDR are discussed and in a comparative determination confronted to the hexokinase method (Glucoquant). Apart from this the Biophan-G stripe was compared with the multi-test stripes Ecur-test (Boehringer) and N-multistix (Ames). The methods of urinary glucose which are declared as obligatory for the GDR in the DAB 7 (D. L.) do no more correspond to the present level of knowledge. The Biophan-G stripe is the exception. By means of Ecur-test and N-multistix an in every case a 98 per cent correct semiquantitative evaluation was obtained in 250 different urines, in the Biophan-G stripe a 94 per cent evaluation. PMID- 7342513 TI - [Reference values for the determination of the closing volume with single breath nitrogen determination]. AB - A simple method for the estimation of the closing volume is demonstrated and the values got from 120 healthy males are cited as reference values. The exactness of measuring in sufficient for the practical demands. The results correspond to those in literature. PMID- 7342512 TI - [Explanations for the standard in roentgen diagnosis: basic tests of the thoracic organs--adults]. AB - Explanations are given concerning the standard of radiodiagnostics--basis examination of the organs of the thorax/TGL-No. 36661, which shall facilitate the understanding of the parameters given. It results from the fact that the roentgenological examination of the organs of the thorax begins with a posterior anterior ray-path radiograph of the thorax. In these cases the large format technique with film-foil-combination and the fluorography are classified as equivalent. With regard to the high speed of movement to be expected is striven for the achievement of possibly short times of exposure. The authors briefly enter the particularities of the radiograph of the thorax in lateral as well as in the full size radiograph sitting and lying positions and at the patients bed. Due to the law solution and the higher radiation dose the fluoroscopy is to be used only with regard to the findings and other information concerning the patient. PMID- 7342514 TI - [Albumin metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - A state of 131-albumin metabolism has been investigated in 70 patients with some diffuse renal disease. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency an intravascular albumin mass was in the normal limits, while an albumin concentration was decreased because of an anemia. A depression of albumin catabolism has been noticed in azotemia as well as in albuminuria. A conclusion has been made that serum albumin concentration cannot be a reliable index of the state of protein metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7342515 TI - [Diagnostic use of ajmaline and rapid ventricular stimulation in fascicular blocks]. AB - For the provocation of trifascicular blockings in patients with fascicular block a rapid ventricular stimulation after an application of ajmalin of maximally 100 mg performed. Of 80 patients with clinically and electrocardiographically certain intermitting total atrioventricular blockings (group A) and 24 patients with typical anamnesis without ECG-proof of the atrioventricular block of higher degree (group B) altogether 88 patients had an atrioventricular block of 2nd or 3rd degree after provocation. On the other hand, only 2 of 20 patients with bifascicular block without syncopes (group C) had a positive result of the test. The method is regarded as suitable for the detection of trifascicular latent blockings. PMID- 7342516 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and hyperthyroidism]. AB - We determined the serum total alkaline phosphatase as well as the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern in untreated and treated hyperthyreoses in the condition of euthyreosis and compared them with those of a healthy control group. The isoenzyme patterns, expressed as L/K quotient, ranged between 1.3 and 2.5 in the normal group and between 0.3 and 1.3 in the group with hyperthyreosis. The increase of the total alkaline phosphatase in hyperthyreosis was nearly exclusively conditioned by the increase of the activity of the osseous isoenzyme. The latter was increased already also then, when the total alkaline phosphatase had not transgressed the upper border of the normal. Depending on the functional condition of the thyroid gland the liver isoenzyme did not show any significant changes. In the course up to one year under thyrostatic therapy the increased activity of the osseous alkaline phosphatase decreased into the normal region as an expression of the very slowly repairing hyperthyreosis-conditioned disturbances of the osseous metabolism. An increase of the activity of the total alkaline phosphatase or of the osseous isoenzyme in the initial phase of a thyreostatic therapy of the sequel of an increase of the reactive activity of osteoblasts and must not lead to diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties. By reason of the high sensitivity of the L/K quotient in hyperthyreoses (L/K at 95.5 % below 1.3) with a simultaneously high specifity of 89.5% the alkaline osseous phosphatase is to be discussed by all means as a helpful parameter of the peripheral function of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7342517 TI - [Testicular biopsies in male diabetics]. AB - Histological exazerbations in 17 diabetics who underwent a biopsy of the testicles and 6 control persons with healthy metabolism could increasedly prove findings deviating from the normal in male diabetics. Disturbances of the germinal epithelium of slight to middle degree are in the foreground, which must not be overvaluated in their effect on fertility. In the relatively frequent childlessness in the marriages of diabetic males disturbances of the potentia coeundi apparently play an important role. PMID- 7342518 TI - [The dependence of Hb Al (glycohemoglobin) on age, pregnancy and glucose tolerance]. AB - The dependence of Hb A1 on various factors was investigated. A dependence of age of Hb A1 in normal persons could be proved. Moreover, significant differences of Hb A1 in pregnant women in the pre- and postnatal phase were proved. but the analyses carried out did not show any significant correlation between the weight of birth and the substance of glycohaemoglobin of pregnant women who were healthy in metabolism. In the protodiabetic stages the Hb A1 can as a diagnostic means contribute to the comprehension of a glucose intolerance in the protodiabetic stages. During a longer period of observations the Hb A1 shows a dynamic reaction of its concentration dependent of the glycaemic condition. PMID- 7342519 TI - [Androgen regulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. AB - In 21 male diabetics (juvenile onset diabetes) with diabetic retinopathy and 13 patients without this condition, the HCG and the LH-RH stimulation tests were performed and the results compared to those of 20 persons with normal metabolism and full vision. The findings can be interpreted as hypothalamic hypophysogonadal dysregulation in case of lowered basal testosterone, significantly inverse correlation to the relative responsiveness of Leydig's cells, lacking correlation between LH and testosterone as well as normal LH-RH test. Differences between patients with and without retinopathy were not detectable. PMID- 7342520 TI - [Analysis of middle molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid of uremic patients]. AB - The pathogenesis of the uraemic polyneuro-encephalopathy is unclear. Among the many possible factors also accumulations of certain medium molecule fractions of peptides and disturbances of the tryptophan metabolism shall play a role. Of 8 deceased conservatively treated uraemics and 4 patients of the chronic haemodialysis programme with a dementia of dialysis serum and postmortally got cerebrospinal liquor underwent a medium molecule fractioning. While in the liquor of normal persons no medium molecules could be proved, these substances were found in the liquor of uraemics in a nearly serum-identical pattern with clearly reduced concentrations. First of all their provenience by a toxically injured blood liquor barrier is to be explained. In contrast to the control values only conservatively treated uraemics showed significantly increased tryptophan concentrations in the liquor. However, the tryptophan concentrations of the patients with dementia were within the normal area. PMID- 7342521 TI - [Comparative studies on the evaluation of leukocyturia by means of counting chambers, sediment microscopy and the Cytur test]. AB - For the purpose of quantitative evaluation of leucocyturias we examined the spontaneous urine (mid-stream method) of 260 patients with nephropathies. The quantitative chamber counting of non-centrifuged urine was compared with the microscopic examination of spun sediment and the Cytur-test. The microscopic examination of spun sediment has to be declined because of high falsely positive and negative results. The Cytur-test is to be performed in a simple way and of high evidence. It is referred to the necessity of an application of test-stripes for leucocyturia. PMID- 7342522 TI - [Endoscopic demonstration and importance of proximal esophageal varices]. AB - Proximal varicose veins of the oesophagus are endoscopically not so rarely found, when one seeks for them intensively. In altogether 2,041 endoscopies of the upper digestive tract they appeared 22 times in the course of 1 year. As cause are reported condition after resection of the struma, struma, bronchial carcinoma, mediastinal fibrosis and thrombosis of the subclavian artery. Among our patients dominated resection of the struma and struma. The proof of proximal varicose veins of the oesophagus should be a hint for seeking for all possible cause. In the intestinal haemorrhages they should be included in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7342524 TI - [Analytic reliability and diagnostic precision of x-ray diffractometric analysis of urinary calculi]. PMID- 7342523 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis treatment in psoriasis vulgaris]. AB - In 8 patients (4 males, 4 females, at the age from 23 to 64 years) with a since 2 to 32 years existing generalised psoriasis vulgaris of pure plaque type a treatment with peritoneal dialysis was performed over a period of 1-6 months with on an average 18 treatment days. A full remission of the changes did not appear in any case, only in one patient a transitory involution of the skin changes and of the arthropathy could be established. In 5 patients the picture of the disease remained uninfluenced, 2 showed a deterioration. Wether this failure of the treatment is conditioned by an inadequate, too little intensive treatment, must, in comparison to the reports of literature, be regarded as little probable. By reason of our results the treatment with peritoneal dialysis according to the scheme mentioned cannot be recommended. PMID- 7342525 TI - [Problems in quantitative x-ray diffractometric analysis of urinary calculi]. PMID- 7342526 TI - [Determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility in a dialysis chamber. II. Methodological conditions and examples of application]. PMID- 7342527 TI - [Hemagglutination test for the titration of antistreptolysin O]. PMID- 7342528 TI - [Problems in the measurements of chloride activity in protein-(hemoglobin-) solutions]. PMID- 7342529 TI - [Effect of the pH value on the dissociation of the aminoketones delta aminolevulinic acid and aminoacetone by extraction with ether and dichlormethane]. PMID- 7342530 TI - [Comparison of the diagnostic selectivity of various tests for occult blood in feces by relative operation characteristics]. PMID- 7342531 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of testosterone in human serum]. PMID- 7342532 TI - [The cervical spine. 1. Morphology and biomechanics]. PMID- 7342534 TI - [Clinical course of the cervical spine syndrome]. PMID- 7342533 TI - [Cervical spine. 2. Research technic]. PMID- 7342535 TI - [Lower cervical spine syndrome]. PMID- 7342536 TI - [Upper cervical spine syndrome]. PMID- 7342538 TI - [Tumors of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7342537 TI - [Cervical spine in Bechterew's disease and polyarthritis]. PMID- 7342539 TI - [Traumatology of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7342540 TI - [Therapeutic technics for the cervical spine]. PMID- 7342541 TI - [Stabilization operation and replacement of cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 7342544 TI - [Biomechanics and kinesiology]. PMID- 7342542 TI - [Muscular torticollis]. PMID- 7342543 TI - [Implants]. PMID- 7342545 TI - [The spine]. PMID- 7342546 TI - Reconciling policy in health education and primary health care. PMID- 7342547 TI - Involvement in health: a social concept of health education. PMID- 7342548 TI - Nitrogen and amino acid metabolism in the hindgut of pits fed barley or wheat diets as affected by the infusion of maize starch at the terminal ileum. PMID- 7342549 TI - The distribution of cholesterol between lipoprotein fractions of serum from rabbits fed semipurified diets containing casein and either coconut oil or corn oil. PMID- 7342550 TI - Relations between dietary salt type, acidosis and hyperlipemia in rabbits on casein containing semipurified diets. PMID- 7342551 TI - [Homeostasis and vitamin B 6 requirement in the growing rat]. PMID- 7342552 TI - Effects of mimosine on some serum enzyme activities and amino acid metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7342553 TI - Metabolic effects of mimosine on tyrosine in the rat. PMID- 7342554 TI - In vitro intestinal transport of D-glucose and D-xylose in two teleost. PMID- 7342555 TI - Hematology reference values for dogs of Beagle stock. PMID- 7342556 TI - [Effect of different commercial diets on body weight development, organ weight and serum enzyme concentrations in the rat]. PMID- 7342557 TI - Pink-eyed dilution mutation in Djungarian hamster. Short communication. PMID- 7342558 TI - Congenital tricuspidal insufficiency in two young beagle (Cpb-DoBe67) dogs. PMID- 7342559 TI - Dental and periodontal alterations in aging Han:WIST rats. PMID- 7342560 TI - [Induction of liver tumors in rats by injecting hepatoma cells into the portal vein]. PMID- 7342561 TI - [The laboratory mouse skeleton in the x-ray picture]. PMID- 7342562 TI - [Predisposition to hydronephrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice]. PMID- 7342563 TI - Absolute and relative organ weights of the beagle dog. PMID- 7342564 TI - Muscle biopsies from Cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 7342565 TI - Uterus fistula in Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus). PMID- 7342566 TI - [Conservative and early functional therapy of fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine (author's transl)]. AB - A series of follow-up examinations in patients treated in our clinic by conservative functional therapy for fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine without neurologic symptoms is reported. Pathological anatomy and mechanical findings are described, with the distinction between primary stable and primary unstable fractures being emphasized. Because of the preponderance of good late results in both stable and unstable conditions this methodology is recommended. PMID- 7342567 TI - [Anterior interbody-fusion of the lumbar spine (author's transl)]. AB - Anterior interbody spine fusion was performed by the extraperitoneal technique in 55 patients. Their diagnoses included instability of the spine in spondylolisthesis and degenerative disk disease, failed posterior fusion, progressive slip in spondylolisthesis, and in 4 patients tumour destruction of lumbar vertebral bodies. The follow-up of 47 patients after 0,5 to 7 years (average 2,8 years) revealed that the clinical result was successful in 37 patients (78%) and unsuccessful in 10 patients (22%). 34 patients (72%) had a solid union, whereas pseudoarthrosis had developed in 8 patients (17%). Technique and complications of the anterior approach to the lumbar part of the spine are described and indications are discussed. PMID- 7342568 TI - [Fractures of the spine - long-term results of functional treatment (author's transl)]. AB - 644 fractures of the spine without paraplegia treated at the "Bergmannsheil" Hospital in Bochum between 1963 and 1977 are reported. Indications and long-term results of functional treatment are discussed. More than 80 per cent of the anterior wedge fractures had a compression rate of less than one third. Even in early mobilization there is normally no increase in deformity. 8.3 per cent with an increase in deformity had an osteoporosis or a compound fracture. Unstable fractures are stabilized by springs and plates. In cases with great deformity surgical treatment has to be discussed, too. PMID- 7342569 TI - [Causes of death in 65 cases of transverse lesions of the spinal cord - determinants of the survival time (author's transl)]. AB - 65 cases of transverse lesions of the cord for which autopsies were performed in the Pathological Institute of the University Clinic "Bergmannsheil Bochum" are described. 44 of these 65 cases were occupational accidents. The most frequent locations were the lower thoracic and lumbar parts of the spine (n = 43). The most frequent causes of death in acute transverse lesions of the cord were lung complications; in chronic transverse lesions of the cord, however, complications of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract were responsible. For acute and chronic transverse lesions of the cord the survival time was dependent on the age at the onset of the accident and on the level and degree of the paralysis (complete or incomplete). PMID- 7342570 TI - [Carcinogenic activity of ethylene oxide and its reaction products 2 chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. I. Carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide in comparison with 1,2-propylene oxide after subcutaneous administration in mice (author's transl)]. AB - Ethylene oxide is an important initial product for a number of organic compounds and, in addition, is used in the medical field for sterilization. The aim of our experiments was to test ethylene oxide and, as a comparative substance, 1,2 propylene oxide in respect to their cancerogenic effectiveness in animal experiments. Ethylene oxide was administered subcutaneously in three dosages (1.0; 0.3 and 0.1 mg single dosage per mouse) once per week to groups of 100 female NMRI mice respectively. In the case of 1,2-propylene oxide, four dosages were used (2.5; 1.0; 0.3 and 0.1 mg single dosage per mouse). The vehicle was tricaprylin. Administrations were carried out over a period of 95 weeks. The mean total dosage per mouse in the case of ethylene oxide amounted to 64.4; 22.7, and 7.3 mg and, in the case of propylene oxide, to 165.4; 72.8; 21.7 and 6.8 mg. Both substances induced local tumours depending upon the dosage. There were mostly fibrosarcomas. In the case of the groups treated with ethylene oxide the frequency was between 11 and 5% and in the case of the groups treated with 1,2 propylene oxide this was between 16 and 2%. The cancerogenic effect of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide determined in animal experiments could, therefore, be confirmed statistically. On the basis of the results presented in this paper, new aspects have arisen for the medical evaluation of ethylene oxide residues in the field of manufacturing and use and in respect to the TLV. PMID- 7342571 TI - [On the statistical analysis of long-term tests for carcinogenesis by means of the random censorship model (author's transl)]. AB - In Section 1 we discuss the fundamental point that the overall tumour incidence rates observed in long-term tests for carcinogenesis typically are biased by differences in intercurrent mortality. In view of some more recent results from theoretical statistics an application of the random censorship model provides an especially powerful approach to getting along with this difficulty. The main assumptions making up the random censorship model as to be applied to the special case of long-term carcinogenesis assay data are carefully described. A consistent and unbiased method for calculating tumour incidence rates corrected for tumour independent intercurrent mortality from the data of an experiment which satisfies the aforementioned assumptions is provided by the Kaplan-Meier technique. Full computational details of the Kaplan-Meier procedure are presented in Section 2. Section 3 is concerned with significance tests for judging dose effects on standardized tumour induction rates. The stepwise procedure recently developed by Holm is adapted to the multiple comparison of several single doses of a possibly carcinogenic compound to the same control. A significance test specifically designed for the assessment of an increasing dose dependent trend is due to Cox and Tarone. Formulas enabling to an easy performance of the Cox-Tarone test are also explicitly written down. In Section 4 we show how to take advantage of Cox's "proportional hazards model" in establishing approximate dose-response relationships.--In each case the general description of the computational procedure is illustrated by an elaborate real data example from a study (published in the same issue of this journal) on the carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide after subcutaneous administration in mice. PMID- 7342573 TI - [Hygienic-bacteriological examinations in station restaurants (author's transl)]. AB - In four station restaurants (West station, East station, South station, Kelenfold station) microbiological examinations were carried out in conjunction with the inspection of the hygienic conditions. The microflora of the washed and dried drinking glasses and plates as well as the smocks of the kitchen staff were examined. Intestinal bacteria, chromogenic bacteria and pathogenic staphylococci were found in numerous crockery samples. Therefore, it is necessary either to improve the effectiveness of the cleaning process or to prolong the drying of the crockery by heat. Numerous species, such as intestinal bacteria, chromogenic bacteria liable to cause food-decomposition were found in the kitchen staff's smocks, sometimes even in great quantities. To reliably determine the microbiological limit values for smocks and other textiles, a great number of examinations are still necessary. The smocks of the staff handling pre-cooked meals, cold meals or pastries must also be microbiologically clean.--The medical activity in the areas mentioned proved also beneficial to the training in hygiene. PMID- 7342572 TI - [Hygienical assessment of swimming pool water covers made of plastic (author's transl)]. AB - Swimming pool water covers made of different plastics were investigated in laboratory experiments. The possible influence on the chemical and the bacteriological water quality (test bacterium Ps. (fluorescens) was observed. Strong-PVC-plastics proved to have no respectively hardly any chemical or bacteriological influence on the water quality. PE-soft-plastics showed clearly higher chlorine consumption and TOC counts. The influence on bacterial growth was here either inhibition or of nutrient character. A direct colonisation of the plastic was not to be seen--neither in vivo nor in vitro. There are no principal objections against the use of plastics swimming pool covers from hygienical point of view. Some limitating aspects are discussed. PMID- 7342574 TI - [Nosocomial infective agents in a surgical intensive care unit. II. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of 16 weeks we investigated nursing and medical staff, patients, their inanimate environment and air of surgical intensive care unit on the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus. On this occasion Staph. aureus could be proved most frequently with the patients (11.0%). In the frequency of evidence the "aseptic" patients come to the fore with 13.1% followed by the "septic" (11.1%) and the "uncertain" patients (7.7%). From the inanimate environment of the "septic" patients Staph. aureus could be isolated in 7.4%, while the environment of the "uncertain" and "aseptic" patients showed nearly the same ratio (2.8, respectively 2.0%). In all the contamination of the inanimate environment is of secondary importance in comparison with the patient himself (5.6%). In only 5.0% of all cases Staph. aureus could be found in samples taken from the staff. PMID- 7342575 TI - [Antibacterial efficacy of some gargles in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - Commercially available gargles containing (hexetidin 0.1%, dequaliniumchloride 0.01%, benzydamin 0.15%) or not containing (OdolTM 0.5%) antibacterials as well as hydrogen-peroxide (3% ml/ml) and aqua dest. as a control tested for their antibacterial efficacy in vivo by applying them for 30 s. Standardized mouth- and throat-washings of 15 volunteers were examined for their aerobic viable counts before as well as 5 and 60 min after gargling. The 5-minutes values (tab. 1) indicated only hexetidin to reduce the oro-pharyngeal flora significantly though not very profoundly by 0.95 orders of magnitude. Usage of the other gargles caused only log reductions of 0.16 to 0.39, aqua dest. such of 0.23. Sixty minutes after treatment (tab 2.) there was still a small but significant reduction of 0.61 log units demonstrable with hexetidin and the viable counts after treatment with hydrogen-peroxide were 0.31 log units below the baseline. The log reductions as assessed with the other gargles ranged 0.0 to 0.18. It is concluded that the favourable therapeutic effects observed clinically with many "antiseptic" gargles with infections of the upper respiratory tract are not based on the antibacterial efficacy of such preparations. PMID- 7342576 TI - [Hygienic and microbiological influences exerted on natural water biotopes by algae and the growth of water plants. 2. Communication: improvement of the chemical and bacteriological water quality by the natural growth of aquatic plants (author's transl)]. AB - For a natural pond, whose waters are used for recreational purposes (swimming) and are subject to waste water inflow, the biological purifying function of a zone overgrown with reeds and aquatic plants was ascertained by means of chemical and bacteriological water quality parameters. In the years from 1975 to 1980 the contents of ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and chlorides as well as the colony counts (CFU/ml), the coli titres (direct faecal indicator) and the content of fruiting myxobacteria (indirect faecal indicator) were determined from water samples, both during the lush-growth summer period and the low-growth winter season. The location of the 6 sampling points systematically extended from the sewage outlet via the tributary ditch, in front of and behind the natural growth zone as far as the swimming waters. The test series showed - that in the tributary ditch and especially during the passage through the upper water zone densely overgrown with aquatic plants, the proportion of degradable nitrogen compounds and phosphates is distinctly reduced beyond the extent of reduction by dilution processes, - that the colony counts in the effluent water as well as the content of E. coli and of the fruiting myxobacteria, which act as indirect faecal indicator, are also reduced considerably, - that the biological purifying of the vegetation zone is definitely higher in summer than during the low-growth winter months. From this the conclusion can be drawn that for maintaining and furthering an adequate water quality of recreational waters compromised by waste water, the preservation of the naturally growing aquatic plants both in the water itself and on the banks is absolutely necessary. PMID- 7342577 TI - [Human exposure to environmental chemicals - investigations on volatile organic halogenated compounds in water, air, food, and human tissues. IV. Communication: calculation of human exposure to organic halogenated compounds from the environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342578 TI - Experimental transplacental transmission of hog cholera virus in pigs. V. Immunopathological findings in newborn pigs. PMID- 7342579 TI - Properties of Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen of MSB-1 cells. PMID- 7342580 TI - Some epidemiological aspects of Salmonella gallinarum infection in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). PMID- 7342581 TI - In vitro study of the cellular response of pigs vaccinated against classical swine fever. PMID- 7342582 TI - Studies on Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccine in goats. PMID- 7342583 TI - [Induction of chronic polyarthritis with constituents of erysipelas bacteria (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae). I. Induction of arthritis in rabbits]. PMID- 7342584 TI - [Comparative light and electron microscopic demonstration of virus-induced inclusion bodies]. PMID- 7342585 TI - Low-molecular-weight zinc-binding proteins in liver cytosol of the allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) treated rats. AB - Rats maintained on a normal diet supplemented with 10 microCi 65Zn/day for a period of 10 days were given allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), 400 mg/kg body weight: 24 h later they were killed. Cytosol was prepared from liver cells and analysed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. The AIA treatment caused an alteration in the chromatographic pattern of Zn-binding proteins, and a low molecular-weight fraction appeared. PMID- 7342586 TI - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from human muscle: cleavage of tryptophanyl peptides with o-iodosobenzoic acid. AB - The new procedure of protein fragmentation with o-iodosobenzoic acid (Mahoney & Hermodson, 1979; Biochemistry, 18, 3810-3814) was used to split three tryptophanyl peptide bonds in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) from human skeletal muscle. The mixture obtained was separated into four homogeneous peptides by a one-step chromatographic procedure. High specificity of the cleavage reaction was proved by the amino acid analysis and determination of the N-terminal sequence of the peptide products. Both specificity ahd high yield obtained by this procedure confirmed its utility in the establishment of the protein primary structure. PMID- 7342587 TI - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from human muscle: primary structure. AB - The complete sequence of 334 amino acids of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) from human muscle was established through the analysis of tryptic digests of the enzyme treated alternatively with bromocyanate, o iodosobenzoic acid and maleic acid. Comparison of the primary structure of the enzyme from human muscle with that of the other known GPDH showed high homology; the closest similarity of the amino acid sequence was found between the enzymes from human and pig muscle. PMID- 7342588 TI - The structure/activity relationship in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of pig muscle. AB - The macromolecular digestion product obtained on limited proteolysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH, EC 1.2.1.12) was fractionated into seven polypeptides. Their position in the known sequence of GPDH was established. The sites of chymotrypsin action at Phe-34, Tyr-91, Val-116, Leu 154, Leu-221 and Leu-246 were identified on the basis of N-terminal sequence and molecular weight of the peptides isolated. Cleavage of particular peptide bonds was related to the enzymatic activity. PMID- 7342590 TI - Homology of the predicted secondary structures of the N-terminal fragments of preproteins. AB - Secondary structures of the N-terminal fragments of 18 preproteins were analysed taking advantage of the method of Chou & Fasman (Biochemistry, 1974, 13, 222-245; J. Mol. Biol., 1977, 115, 135-175) and the known sequences of amino acid residues. Positions of alpha-helices, beta-sheet structures and beta-turns in the linear primary structure of preproteins have been proposed. Also it has been suggested that the three-dimensional structures of the N-terminal fragments of preproteins are homologous, irrespective of the differences in their primary structures, length of polypeptide chains, and function. A three-dimensional model of the N-terminal fragment is given, comprising the regions responsible for transport and removal of the signal peptide from preprotein. The location of prelipoprotein region responding to signal protease, and the substrate spatial requirements of this enzyme have been hypothesized. PMID- 7342589 TI - A predicted secondary structure of protein protease inhibitors. AB - Basing on the Chou & Fasman method (Biochemistry, 13, 222-245; 1974) and the known amino acid sequences, the alpha-helical, beta-sheet, beta-turn and random coil regions were predicted for protein protease inhibitors. It appears that in all the inhibitors examined there is a region conserved in the vicinity of the active site, composed of one beta-turn with an adjacent beta-sheet structure, and a second beta-turn situated in the other part of the polypeptide chain and linked with the first one by disulphide bridge. Two disulphide bridges between Cys2 and Cys25, and between Cys10 and Cys21 were proposed for the squash seed inhibitor. It is suggested that the two beta-turns play an essential role in the process of trypsin inhibition by protein protease inhibitors. PMID- 7342591 TI - Purification of the Euonymus europaeus lectin by affinity chromatography on the desialized MN blood group glycoprotein, and lectin NH2-terminal analysis. PMID- 7342592 TI - Effects of spermidine and spermine on DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei and on the activity of DNA polymerases alpha and beta from the mammary gland of pregnant rabbit. AB - The rate of [3H]dTMP incorporation by nuclei isolated from the pregnant rabbit mammary gland was affected by polyamines in two distinct ways: a) a general inhibitory effect was evident when spermidine or spermine were added to the incubation mixture at concentrations 10(-3) - 10(-2) M and 10(-4) - 10(-2) M, respectively; and b) a very specific stimulatory effect of either polyamine at a lower concentration which was observed only when the nuclei were incubated in the presence of horse serum. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that 10(-2) M spermine inhibited the activity of the solubilized nuclear DNA polymerases alpha and beta from the mammary gland of pregnant rabbit, separated by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation and assayed with activated DNA as a template-primer, while spermidine had no effect at any concentration (10(-9) - 10(-2) M tested. PMID- 7342593 TI - Chromatin protein patterns in the developing and adult chicken liver. AB - DNA, histones and nonhistone proteins were determined in the chromatin isolated from liver nuclei of the 2-, 9-, 16-, 23-, 30-day-old adult chickens. Very little variation was observed in the total histone/DNA ratio and the electrophoretic mobilities of histones, whereas some differences, mostly of a quantitative character, were found in the nonhistone fraction of chromatin proteins. PMID- 7342594 TI - The interaction of metal ions with nucleic acids. NMR study of the copper(II) interaction with inosine derivatives. AB - The interaction of copper(II) with inosine derivatives substituted at the purine ring, modified at the ribose residue, and with the syn conformation at the glycosidic bond was examined using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The results imply that, in non-aqueous medium, the main site of copper(II) binding is N7 of inosine derivatives. No interaction with ribose hydroxyl groups was observed. CNDO/2 calculations performed for a copper(II) complex with 9-methyl-hypoxanthine support direct bonding of copper(II) ion to the ring. In aqueous medium, coordination of copper(II) with N1 and N7 of inosine is p2H-dependent: 98.7% of Cu(II) is bound with N7 at p2H 3.6, 49.4% at p2H 6.9, and only 35% at p2H 8.2 The relative dipolar and scalar contributions to the proton and carbon-13 transverse relaxation of the inosine derivatives nuclei have been assessed. The distances between the metal ion and the carbon and proton nuclei can not be estimated from T1 measurements because dipolar interaction contributing to relaxation is not only between the paramagnetic ion and the affected nucleus; there is also an important contribution from unpaired spin density on the ligand. PMID- 7342595 TI - Double-stranded structures in nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA of rat liver. AB - Double-stranded segments are found in poly(A)+hnRNA as well as in poly(A)-hnRNA, but in the second case they have partly intermolecular character and may originate from an interaction between primary transcripts and snRNA. Fragments of hnRNA containing double-stranded segments are preferentially removed from the nucleus. In cytoplasmic poly(A)+RNA double-stranded segments longer than 20 base pairs represent about 2%. In cytoplasmic poly(A)-RNA intermolecular double stranded segments derived from rRNA prevail. Double-stranded fragments from nuclear RNP and free cytoplasmic mRNP exhibit similar affinity to hydroxyapatite but their base compositions are different: low content of adenine and high of guanosine in nuclear in contrast to nearly symmetrical base composition in cytoplasmic fragments. PMID- 7342596 TI - Heterogeneity of arylsulphatase from goose organs. AB - Two groups of arylsulphatases: anionic and cationic were isolated and purified from goose gonads and spleen. The cationic arylsulphatases were predominant. In either group, several forms of arylsulphatase were distinguished, their kinetic parameters, susceptibility to activators and inhibitors, and molecular mass were determined. The cationic and anionic forms corresponded, respectively, to arylsulphatases A and B of mammalian tissues. The differences found demonstrate organ heterogeneity of arylsulphatases. PMID- 7342597 TI - Intracellular protein catabolism IV. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Intracellular Protein Catabolism. May 21-27, 1981, DDR. PMID- 7342598 TI - A study on the relative turnover of muscle proteins. Comparison of turnover rates in a single step procedure. AB - In order to enable a direct comparison of the turnover rates of all muscle proteins we introduce a single step procedure. This procedure is based on gel filtration in the presence of a detergent SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) which solubilises all muscle proteins. Although the separation is still very crude, some preliminary conclusions may be drawn abut the relative turnover rates of myofibrillar proteins. In our opinion it is unlikely that the myofibril turns over as a unit. PMID- 7342599 TI - Characteristics of protein degradation in liver and mammary gland. AB - There is no correlation of protein degradation rate (measured by double isotope methods) with protein subunit molecular weight or isoelectric point in liver subcellular and suborganelle fractions and mammary cytosolic fractions. Most isotope ratios in each fraction fall in exponential distributions corresponding to populations of protein degradation rates; there is no statistically significant difference between protein degradation rates within several populations. The prime determinant for the degradation of proteins in these populations may be the morphological localization of the proteins. Pulse-chase labelling profiles indicate that a considerable proportion of newly-synthesised casein is rapidly degraded in mammary explants from mid-pregnant rabbits. This casein degradation is not co-translational; it appears to be a lysosomally mediated event. In mammary tissue, the intracellular calcium concentration may acutely regulate synthesis and degradation of intracellular proteins, and the synthesis of casein. PMID- 7342600 TI - Bovine intracellular cysteine proteinases. AB - Cathepsins B, H and S were isolated from bovine lymph nodes and bovine spleen. It was shown that the incubation of homogenate at 37 degrees C at acid pH increased the total BANA hydrolase activity and LeuNA activity, whereas it decreased the total activity of cathepsin S. All three enzymes are electrophoretically homogeneous and probably composed of a single polypeptide chain. They exist in multiple forms as shown by isoelectric focusing. Far UV CD spectra revealed a rather high percentage of unordered structure. The three cysteine proteinases were inhibited by thiol blocking reagents, leupeptin and by an inhibitor isolated from Vipera ammodytes venom. Results on the specificity toward various substrates and the influence of pH on enzymatic activity are presented. PMID- 7342601 TI - The existence of a precursor of cathepsin D: evidence from autolysis, denaturation and activation studies. AB - This report evidences that the single polypeptide chain of cathepsin D undergoes in vitro autolysis resulting in heavy (Mr about 30000) and light (Mr about 15000) polypeptide chains. These two chains are held together through non-covalent interaction, thus constituting a stable active conformation. Fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements demonstrate the irreversible denaturation of cathepsin D. The existence of cathepsin D precursor, cathepsinogen D, of about 50000 molecular weight was proved. Cathepsinogen D is converted to the active enzyme by intramolecular activation, releasing activation-inhibitory peptide(s). PMID- 7342602 TI - The specificity of cathepsin B. AB - Peptidyl chloromethyl ketones, largely derived from arginine, inactivate cathepsin B (beef spleen) at rates that vary 300 fold according to sequence, but the residue in the P1 position is not responsible for this variation since homoarginine or nitroarginine in this position provide inhibitors as good or better than those containing arginine. Peptidyl chloromethyl ketones containing hydrophobic residues such as phenylalanine or valine in the P2 and P3 position are the most effective inhibitors of the group. Cystamine (bis-aminoethyl disulfide) inactivates cathepsin B by formation of a mixed disulfide. Derivatives of cystamine containing phenylalanine, such as bis-N,N'-Phe-cystamine and bis N,N'-Ala-Ala-Phe-cystamine are more effective and represent a new class of affinity labels for cathepsin B. Immobilized peptidyl cystamine derivatives can be used for the purification of cathepsin B by covalent affinity chromatography. Cathepsin B from beef spleen has a pronounced carboxydipeptidase action on glucagon as described for the human liver enzyme. This action can be conveniently followed by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7342603 TI - Metabolism of leupeptin and its effect on autophagy in the perfused rat liver. AB - Metabolism of the potent, thiol proteinase inhibitor, leupeptin, was studied in the perfused rat liver. This bacterial peptide (2.5 mg) caused the lysosomes to become enlarged and filled with electron-dense material. The subcellular distribution of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-D-hexosaminidase, was altered, the major change being a 50% loss of its activity from the L-fraction of the homogenate. The enzyme became redistributed in the other homogenate fractions. The density of the leupeptin-formed lysosomes compared to normal organelles was increased from 1.206 to 1.230 g/ml. Radioactive [3H]leupeptin was slowly taken up by a perfused liver (approximately 0.06 mumole/h/g liver) and almost immediately appeared in the bile in a form still capable of inhibiting papain. Liver radioactivity was concentrated in both the lysosomal (39%) and soluble fractions (38%) of the tissue homogenate. PMID- 7342604 TI - Inhibitors and pathways of hepatocytic protein degradation. AB - On the basis of experiments using amino acids and various inhibitors (lysosomotropic amines, leupeptin, chymostatin, vanadate, vinblastine, anoxia, methylaminopurines), five different modes of endogenous protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes can be distinguished. The two non-lysosomal (amine resistant) mechanisms preferentially degrade relatively labile (short-lived) proteins: one of these mechanisms is energy-dependent and chymostatin-sensitive, the other is not. Of the three lysosomal (amine-sensitive) mechanisms, one- quantitatively minor--is amino acid-resistant and preferentially degrades labile proteins. The two amino acid-sensitive mechanisms each seen account for about one half of the degradation of relatively stable (long-lived) proteins; one of them is suppressed by leucine and apparently corresponds to the formation of electron microscopically visible autophagosomes; the other may represent a different type of autophagy, inhibited by asparagine and glutamine. A new class of inhibitors, the purine derivatives (methylated 6-aminopurines, and 6-mercaptopurines) appear to specifically suppress autophagic/lysosomal protein degradation, and may help to further elucidate the mechanisms of autophagy. PMID- 7342605 TI - Heterophagic function and rate of intralysosomal proteolysis during lysosomotropic agents administration. AB - Lysosomotropic agents--Triton WR 1339 and suramin--are taken up selectively into lysosomes during in vivo administration and cause specific changes of the particles. Overloading of rat liver lysosomes by Triton WR 1339 was accompanied by the labilization of lysosomes and an increased uptake of [14C]-bovine serum albumin ([14C]-BSA) by the rat liver. The rate of intralysosomal proteolysis was not altered. The capture of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) by the liver was slightly decreased. In the case of suramin administration (250 mg/kg b.w.) the uptake of labelled protein by the liver was not changed. The increased amount of acid-insoluble radioactivity in rat liver was caused by the decrease of intralysosomal protein digestion rate. The lysosomes overloaded by the two kinds of lysosomotropic agents--Triton WR 1339 (with no changes of intralysosomal proteolysis) and suramin (with decreased rate of proteolysis) did not prevent the uptake by liver of substances captured by the adsorptive ([14C]-BSA) or fluid ([125I]-PVP) endocytosis. PMID- 7342606 TI - Morphological aspects of intracellular protein-degradation: autophagy. PMID- 7342607 TI - Collagen degradation in an experimental inflammatory lesion: studies on the role of the macrophage. AB - Collagen degradation was investigated in experimental inflammatory lesions made by implanting fluorescein-collagen sponges into sensitised rats for four days, before transferring them into culture medium. The breakdown of the collagenous structure in vitro by invading cells was inhibited by steroids and related anti inflammatory drugs whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were without effect. Inhibitors of the lysosomal proteinases were variably effective with chloroquine giving total inhibition, leupeptin and TLCK partial inhibition and aurothioglucose showing no effect. Histochemical studies were made of the distribution of cathepsin B. Beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase in macrophages attached to a collagen substratum. Measurements with specific microelectrodes showed that the microenvironment at the surface of activated macrophages was markedly acidic with values of pH less than 5 between attached cells and collagen substratum. Such conditions would be hostile to neutral collagenases and favour acid (lysosomal) proteinases. PMID- 7342608 TI - Endocytosis of simple proteins by rat yolk sacs and by rat peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro. AB - The specificity of endocytosis of the 125I-labelled forms of LDH H4 and M4 and BSA was investigated in rat yolk sac and resident rat peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro. The rate of uptake of the more basic LDH M4 by yolk sac is only slightly higher than that of LDH H4, but in macrophages the isoenzyme M4 is taken up three times more rapidly than the H4 form. Both cell types possess little affinity for BSA, but an increase in the hydrophobicity of this protein by formaldehyde-denaturation resulted in a several-fold increase in uptake by yolk sac cells as well as by macrophages. Apparently, yolk sacs and macrophages both contain binding sites for positively charged and hydrophobic proteins, but, in yolk sac hydrophobicity is relatively more important, whereas in macrophages positive charge is the main characteristic for adsorptive pinocytosis of simple proteins. In this respect, the binding characteristics of peritoneal macrophages resemble those of sinusoidal liver cells. The study also compares the serum dependence of fluid-phase pinocytosis in both cell types; a decrease in serum concentration gives rise to an increase in the rate of pinosome formation in yolk sac, but has the opposite effect in macrophages. PMID- 7342609 TI - Activity of cathepsin D in rat liver Kupffer cells after phagocytosis in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7342610 TI - [Reports of the IIth combined session of Surgeons of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. 12-14 June 1980, Herceg Novi]. PMID- 7342611 TI - Nomifensine in the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia. AB - The Authors try out Nomifensine, a new antidepressant drug which activates dopaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the DA reuptake. The patients tested consisted of: 11 normoprolactinemic control patients; 2 hyperprolactinemic patients with sellar alterations; 5 hyperprolactinemic patients with no radiological alterations; 6 patients with micro-adenomas; 1 patient with macroadenoma. We administered 200 mg of the drug orally and then took blood samples for 4 hours. We conclude positively that nomifensine is a useful complement to the diagnostic collage for discriminating between tumorous and non tumorous hyperprolactinemia, and we look forward to further research which will increase the literature on this subject and which will explain some mechanisms and effects which have not yet been clarified, and we hope that this research will further prove the importance of the test. PMID- 7342612 TI - An appraisal of cephalexin and clindamycin concentration in seminal plasma. PMID- 7342613 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of cervico-isthmic incompetence during pregnancy. AB - The Authors analyze the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and therapy of cervical incompetence during pregnancy in 18 cases of pathology and in 14 control cases. The resulting isthmic diameters are, respectively, as follows: 31.4 +/- 5.1 mm (M +/- SD) and 21.7 +/- 3.4 mm (M +/- SD). These results are highly significant, (P 0.001). We are therefore in favor of the use of this new test, which is less traumatic, and should be added to those methods which are already known. PMID- 7342615 TI - [Iatrogenic pathology of the digestive system. Symposium held 23 May 1981]. PMID- 7342614 TI - Capacitation of spermatozoa. PMID- 7342616 TI - [Drug induced alterations of the liver. Histological aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342617 TI - [Clinical and biological aspects of drug induced hepatopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342618 TI - [Liver and perhexiline maleate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342619 TI - [Perhexiline maleate induced cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342620 TI - [Late complications of the diagnostic and operative endoscopy of the bile ducts and the pancreas. International study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342621 TI - [Side effects of psychotropic drugs on the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342622 TI - [Doxycycline induced ulcerations of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342623 TI - Laxative abuse. PMID- 7342626 TI - [Comparative study of 2 methods of measuring intestinal transit time]. AB - In 20 healthy volunteers, intestinal transit times, obtained following a simple method, recently described, in which a small liquid-containing rubber bag is used as a marker, were compared with the times obtained following, simultaneously, another method, already universally accepted, in which small barium-impregnated pellets are used as markers. The intestinal transit determined with the rubber bag (TTI-B) (14.1 - 79.2 hours; mean +/- s.d.: 42.4 +/- 20.7 hours) were significantly shorter than the times determined with the plastic pellets (TTI) (26.4 - 88.1 hours; mean +/- s.d.: 60.2 +/- 25.5 hours (P less than 0.001). But, TTI-B and TTI correlate closely (r: + 0.86), and, furthermore, TTI-B results may be converted to TTI results with the help of a simple regression equation: TTI (in minutes) = 831 + 1.09 TTI-B (in minutes). After analyzing what has been observed in the present work and in previous works, it was concluded that the new method to measure intestinal transient time using the small rubber bag is reliable and simple, and that it may help to better understand what happens in some important gastrointestinal problems. PMID- 7342627 TI - [Surgical therapy of peptic stenosis]. AB - This work presents a classification of the peptic stenoses on basis of our own experience, with their different pathogenetic courses. Also published results of the conservation and surgical treatment of the peptic stenoses are demonstrated with a comparative valour in relation with our own number of patients (118), that comprehends from 1970 up to 1979, and the obtained percentages with the correspondent therapy according to the type of stenoses. The conclusions and the practical therapy are given. PMID- 7342625 TI - [Considerations about complications induced by current anal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342624 TI - [Clostridium difficile in antibiotics induced colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342628 TI - [Achalasia and elevated pressure at the cricopharyngeal sphincter: comments on a case]. AB - A case of uncommon occurrence, such as the so called primary achalasia and hypertension of the cricopharyngeal sphincter is hereby described, as well as its successful treatment by means of an extramucous miotomy of the cricopharyngeal sphincter. The anatomy and physiology of the upper esophageal sphincter is described, as well as its pathogenesis. The published literature is also reviewed. PMID- 7342629 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum in Crohn's diseases of the colon]. AB - A case of much less frequent association of the pyoderma gangrenosum and granulomatous disease of the colon (Crohn's disease of the colon) is presented. A literature review is made about the association of the same with other gastrointestinal affections. It is brought up to date the possible atiopathogenical mechanisms and therapeutical effects. PMID- 7342630 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocysts: apropos of a case of pancreatitis and the puerperium]. AB - A 26 years old white patient with diagnosis of a pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst during the puerperium is reported. Among the most important diagnostic procedure we have used are the endoscopy, Rx and TC. Cholecystectomy showed many small stones. Gastrocystostomy was done. Pancreatitis is as often in multiparous patients as in primipara. Near the 80% of the cases appear during the third term of pregnancy and puerperium. Many etiologycal factor play a role in the development of this disease, cholelithiasis being 65% of them. Mother-faetal mortality is near 20%. PMID- 7342631 TI - [Hirschsprung's disease - present status of its diagnostic methodology]. PMID- 7342632 TI - [15th Argentine Congress of Gastroenterology, 11-16 October 1981, Buenos Aires. Abstracts of presentations]. PMID- 7342633 TI - Strategy for enhancement of anti-tumor agents' effects on hemopoietic malignancies. PMID- 7342634 TI - Recent advances in hematology: red cell series. PMID- 7342635 TI - Aplastic anemia in China. PMID- 7342636 TI - Epidemiological aspects of aplastic anemia. PMID- 7342637 TI - Hematopoietic abnormalities and prognosis in aplastic anemia. PMID- 7342638 TI - Histopathology of bone marrow biopsy in aplastic anemia. Its relation to the prognosis of the patients. PMID- 7342639 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. PMID- 7342640 TI - Hemopoietic stem cells and their regulatory factors in aplastic anemia. PMID- 7342642 TI - Problems in androgen treatment in aplastic anemia with reference to androgen dependency and acquisition of refractoriness. PMID- 7342641 TI - Effects of androstanes on aplastic anemia--a prospective study. PMID- 7342643 TI - Duration of androgen therapy after recovery from anemia in patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 7342644 TI - New classification and pathophysiology of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7342645 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation and malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7342646 TI - Analysis of lymphocyte differentiation antigens with hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7342647 TI - A new histological classification of malignant lymphomas (LSG classification) and its significance. PMID- 7342648 TI - Hageman factor (factor XII) in health and diseases. PMID- 7342649 TI - Vitamin K dependent clotting factors and their inhibitor--with special reference to prothrombin and antithrombin III. PMID- 7342650 TI - Synthesis, metabolism and distribution of fibrinogen and its derivatives. PMID- 7342651 TI - An approach to the metabolism of factor XIII. PMID- 7342652 TI - Metabolism of fibrinolytic system, especially that of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor deficient patient. PMID- 7342653 TI - Metabolism of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor ( alpha 2-PI) in a patient with congenital alpha 2-PI deficiency. PMID- 7342654 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemias in adults. II. Preliminary analysis of the treatment results according to AR and RAMP programs]. AB - Thirty patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated. They were randomly assigned to treatment according to programme AR (14 patients) and RAMP (16 patients). The groups were comparable for age and haematological state. Complete remission was obtained in 7 patients out of 14 treated by the AR programme and 6 out of 16 treated by the RAMP programme. The median duration of complete remission is as yet 15 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. The toxic side effects during treatment by the AR programme was statistically significantly higher than in the treatment by the RAMP programme. In the first group 42.8% of early deaths occurred, while in the second group 6.2% patients died early. PMID- 7342656 TI - [Reimplantation of fingers. Evaluation of results and indications. Introduction]. PMID- 7342655 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemias in adults. IV. Treatment results on 375 patients at 9 hematology centers]. AB - On the basis of standardized protocols of the therapeutic results of acute non lymphoblastic leukaemias in adults sent to the Institute of Haematology in Warsaw from 8 haematological centres in Poland it was demonstrated that complete remission occurred in 34.4% of patients (129 out of 375 cases). The mean survival time of the patients treated intensively according to programmes I, II, III and IV 8.6 months, those of patients with complete remission - 13.5 months, patients without complete remission - 3.7 months. The most frequent cause of death (82.5%) were infections and/or haemarrhagic diathesis. PMID- 7342657 TI - [The functional value of reimplanted fingers]. PMID- 7342658 TI - Results of microsurgical finger reimplantations. PMID- 7342659 TI - [Replantation of fingers. 59 cases]. PMID- 7342660 TI - [Reimplantation of the thumb. Technic. Indications. Results. Apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 7342661 TI - [Reimplantation of the upper extremity after complete traumatic amputation at the proximal level. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7342662 TI - [Functional evaluation after reimplantation of amputated limbs and fingers]. PMID- 7342664 TI - [Total or partial transfer of the 2d toe in digital reconstruction. Apropos of 32 cases]. PMID- 7342663 TI - [Emergency: vessels, bone, skin. Apropos of 75 cases by the SOS hand team]. PMID- 7342665 TI - [General reflections on the medical literature and the collection of communications presented on the subject of reimplantation of fingers, such as operations of toe transfers in place of fingers]. PMID- 7342666 TI - [Our current concept of the treatment of wrist fractures by compression-extension in the adult]. PMID- 7342667 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the wrist by dynamic fixation]. PMID- 7342668 TI - Median nerve compression on the level of the ligament of Struthers. Case report. PMID- 7342669 TI - Congenital anomaly of the tendons of the hand. PMID- 7342670 TI - [Recurrent juvenile fibroma of the hand]. PMID- 7342671 TI - Post-traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus. PMID- 7342673 TI - Birth prevalence of five congenital abnormalities of medium frequency in Budapest. AB - In Budapest, 1970-1977, the birth prevalence of isolated renal agenesis, exomphalos-omphalocele, anal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula with oesophageal atresia or stenosis, and diaphragmatic hernia was 0.23, 0.20, 0.18, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, per 1000 total births. The birth prevalences of multiple abnormalities which were sharply distinguished from the isolated cases were in the order of the above-mentioned abnormalities 0.13, 0.19, 0.18, 0.14 and 0.19, respectively, per 1000 total births. The last ones are partly associations (e.g. VAcTERL) and partly random combinations. The rates of the capital Budapest might be representative for the birth prevalences of these congenital abnormalities in Hungary in the 1970's. PMID- 7342672 TI - HLA and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - From 25 families, 27 patients with congenital adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) and their 20 healthy siblings were examined for HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens. A statistically significant relationship was found with the HLA phenotype. The frequency of HLA Bw47 which was found only in the patients, suggests a certain disposition for the disease. The presence of HLA B8 and DR3 which were detected only in the healthy siblings, probably implies a resistance to the disease. Among the patients, cases of HLA recombination and homozygous individuals were frequent. Assessment of risk haplotypes involved in hereditary transmission of the condition and the finding of positive and negative associations with HLA antigens might offer significant help in prenatal diagnosis of the disease. PMID- 7342674 TI - Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage: aspiration through anterior fontanel in 23 cases. AB - In 23 cases of perinatal intracranial haemorrhage with elevated intracranial pressure, the haematoma was aspirated through the anterior fontanel. Five patients died during the neonatal period, 18 infants are alive. the Site of haemorrhage in the survivors was intraventricular in six cases, intraventricular and convexity subdural in six cases and only convexity subdural in six cases. At present the age of children ranges between 7 and 40 months. Subsequent follow-up revealed a normal development of 13 survivors. Four children have slight cerebral palsy (one of these has epilepsy). One preterm newborn with intraventricular haemorrhage had progressive hydrocephalus. PMID- 7342675 TI - Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by counter-immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is described as a rapid and specific method for the early detection of causative organisms in bacterial meningitis. This technique was applied to CFS samples from 213 patients in whom neonatal septicaemia and/or meningitis or bacterial meningitis was suspected. Out of 14 patients with meningitis all but one bacterial organism could be detected by CIE, long before results of routine microbiological cultures were available. CIE was especially helpful in children treated with antibiotics prior to admission. Despite some shortcomings of the method, CIE is a useful diagnostic tool for the early determination of the aetiology of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7342676 TI - [The action of anisodine on central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342677 TI - [Synthesis of cephalotaxine esters and their antitumor activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342678 TI - [Correlation of molecular orbital parameters and antiasthmatic activity of some alpha, beta-unsaturated cycloketones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342679 TI - [Studies on the active principles of Dan-Shen. V. Isolation and structures of przewaquinone A and prezewaquinone B (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342680 TI - [The bioavailability of tetracycline tablets manufactured by pharmaceutical factories in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342681 TI - [A preliminary study on species of genus Mentha cultivated in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342682 TI - [The antiviral effect of hainanolide, a compound isolated from Cephalotaxus hainanensis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342683 TI - [Studies on constituents of Rhododendron chysanthum Pallas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342684 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. VI. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some 2, 4 diamino-6-substituted amino sulfonyl quinazoline derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342685 TI - Actions of lofepramine, a new tricyclic antidepressant, and desipramine on electrophysiological and mechanical parameters of guinea pig atrial and papillary muscles. AB - The effects of lofepramine on the isolated guinea pig atrial trabeculae were compared with those of desipramine. The preparations were taken from the same animal and mounted in the same tissue bath. All parameters were recorded in parallel. Lofepramine 10 microM was shown to exhibit minor changes in the transmembrane action potential duration only. The action potentials of the atrial trabeculae were prolonged, whereas they were shortened in the papillary muscles. Desipramine was about ten times more potent than lofepramine, but produced similar qualitative changes. Desipramine 10 microM and lofepramine 100 microM showed local anaesthetic properties: a decreased overshoot without a decreased resting potential, a decreased and rate-dependent Vmax, and a decrease in propagation velocity. After the addition of either drug in a lower concentration, a transient increase in force development and a concomitant increase in repolarization phase height (atrial trabeculum) or plateau length (papillary muscle) were recorded. The steady state effect on the force development was a decrease accompanied by a shortening of the action potential duration (papillary muscle). It is suggested that the action of lofepramine 100 microM and desipramine 10 microM on phase 0 of the action potential are produced by blockage of the fast sodium channel. The transient increase in developed force and the increase in repolarization phase height (atrial trabeculum) or plateau length (papillary muscle) could be caused by inhibition of the membrane re-uptake system for released noradrenaline. The steady state shortening and flattening of the plateau (papillary muscle) and the decrease in force development could be the cause of a block in the slow channel system. PMID- 7342686 TI - Methyl mercury decomposition in mice treated with antibiotics. AB - The role of intestinal flora in the decomposition and faecal excretion of methyl mercury was studied in mice treated with antibiotics. The antibiotics, neomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol, were given to mice in drinking water for six days before intraperitoneal administration of methyl mercuric chloride (MMC), and intestinal microorganisms were thereby reduced. Inorganic and organic mercury were determined separately for faeces, intestinal contents and organs. On the fourth day after the mercury administration, the percentage ratios of inorganic mercury to total mercury in the contents of the caecum and large intestine were less in the mice treated with antibiotics, at 37% and 39%, respectively, than in the control mice (66% and 65%, respectively). Administration of the antibiotics reduced the excretion of inorganic mercury in the faeces to 26% of that of control mice and also reduced the excretion of total mercury to 60%. Reduction of intestinal microorganisms by the antibiotics was assumed to have caused the reduced decomposition of methyl mercury in the caecal contents and the reduced excretion of total mercury in the faeces. PMID- 7342688 TI - Methodological aspects of studies on the 5-HT uptake mechanism in normal platelets. AB - The 5-HT uptake mechanism in human platelets was studied in undiluted platelet rich plasma (PRP). The kinetic data obtained, which were based on 5-HT concentrations ranging from 0.17 to 1.7 mumol/l, were analyzed according to Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee, Scatchard and Sips. In undiluted PRP all the analyses revealed a strict linearity between 5-HT concentrations and initial uptake velocities. Only one site for active transport seemed to be involved and no passive diffusion was present. The apparent Km and Vmax in a 95 per cent confidence interval (n = 25) were 1.20 +/- 0.14 mumol/l and 1.40 +/- 0.15 pmol/10(6) platelets and minutes, respectively. Dilution of PRP with autologous platelet-poor plasma or Ringer's solution markedly influenced the active 5-HT transport mechanism. The addition of minute amounts of supernatant from lysed autologous platelets to PRP totally impaired the active 5-HT uptake. It is concluded that relevant studies on the active 5-HT transport can be performed only in fresh undiluted PRP. The commonly used Lineweaver-Burk analysis does not discriminate sufficiently between fully saturable and non-saturable transport mechanism and therefore cannot be used for the detection of irregularities in the 5-HT transport. PMID- 7342687 TI - Effect of aldrin on carbohydrate metabolism in Indian catfish. AB - Exposure of the Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to a sublethal concentration of 0.14 p.p.m. aldrin for 3, 6, 12, 48, and 96 hrs affected carbohydrate metabolism. Muscle glycogenolysis and glycogenesis were obtained at 3 and 12 hrs, respectively. Hepatic glycogenolysis occurred at 3, 48, and 96 hrs. The treatment caused hyperglycaemia at 3, 6, 48, and 96 hrs, and hypoglycaemia at 12 hrs. Blood pyruvate values increased significantly at 3, 6, and 96 hrs. Hyperlacticaemia was observed at 3 and 12 hrs but hypolacticaemia developed at 96 hrs. The results are discussed in relation to acute stress syndrome. Also, impairment of carbohydrate metabolism by aldrin may be involved in the biochemical mechanism for its toxic action. It is concluded that evaluation of carbohydrate metabolites in fish could prove useful as a rapid method for assessing acute toxicity of pesticides. PMID- 7342689 TI - Antitumour activity, toxicity and disposition of LS 1727, a nitroso-chloroethyl carbamate of 19-nortestosterone, in rats and mice. AB - LS 1727, a nitroso-chloroethyl carbamate of 19-nortestosterone, given intraperitoneally had a high cytostatic activity against some experimental tumours. In vitro studies showed that the tested tumours differed in their ability to hydrolyze LS 1727. The hydrolytic capacity was related to the sensitivity to treatment with LS 1727. Distribution studies with double-labelled LS 1727 demonstrated that the chloroethyl-part of the molecule was retained in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumours in the rat. Our findings suggest that the antitumour activity of LS 1727 is exerted by alkylating metabolites released at hydrolysis of the compound. LS 1727 had no oral antitumour activity probably due to pre-systemic hydrolysis. When given intravenously, hydrolysis of LS 1727 in lungs caused severe pulmonary toxicity already at low doses. PMID- 7342690 TI - Zinc concentrations in human plasma and in rat plasma and tissues during lithium administration. AB - Zinc concentrations, determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry, did not differ significantly in plasma from manic-depressive patients about to start lithium treatment and in patients having been in lithium treatment for six months or 1-2 years. Plasma zinc concentrations and zinc concentrations in liver, muscle, kidney, bone, and skin did not differ in control rats and rats given lithium with the food for four weeks. PMID- 7342693 TI - Adenosine antagonism, a less desirable characteristic of xanthine asthma drugs? PMID- 7342692 TI - Enprofylline, a principally new antiasthmatic xanthine. PMID- 7342691 TI - Metabolism in rats of several carboxylic acid derivatives containing the 3,4 methylenedioxyphenyl group. AB - The metabolism of the 3,4-methylenedioxy derivatives of mandelic acid (1), phenylacetic acid (2), benzoic acid (3), 3-phenylpropionic acid (4) and cinnamic acid (5) was studied in rats. Following intragastric dosage (1 mmol/kg) the compounds and their metabolites were excreted in the urine within 24 hrs. Recoveries of roughly 85% were obtained. Except for compound (1) which was excreted to a large extent unchanged, glycine conjugates were the major urinary metabolites. Compound (2) formed 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetylglycine whereas compounds (3), (4) and (5) were converted to 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylglycine. No evidence was found with any of the compounds for demethylenation and subsequent excretion of catecholic metabolites. PMID- 7342694 TI - Preparation and purification of myosin from human tracheal smooth muscle. AB - NaCl myosin was prepared from the annular smooth muscles of human bronchus. About 7 mg of gel filtered myosin was gained from 8 g minced tracheal muscle of the younger subject. The yield from the older (74-year old) subject was only 30% of that from the younger subject, even though the starting material was more (12 g minced tissue). Tracheal myosin contains P lipid in considerable amount; P lipids account for some 28% of the total phosphate content of the myosin, and even more (50-55%) in the case of the older subject. The preparation could be phosphorylated only in the presence of CAMP and PGF2 alpha, respectively. Cu2+ treatment liberated less phosphate when compared with myosin preparations from other smooth muscles; however, the majority of the phosphate bonds underwent hydrolysis upon the effect of KOH. The reactions specific for amino acids, and also other observations allow the conclusion that the majority of covalently bound phosphate is present in an ester-type bond. Lysine-vasopressin, and also diethylpyrocarbonate successfully protect the P content of myosin from the hydrolysis inherent to incubation. PMID- 7342695 TI - In vitro study of complement dependent active adherence on SLE and RA leukocytes. AB - Immunological disorders may cause altered motility or attachment of leukocytes. Active adherence of buffy cost cells derived from normal subjects and with autoimmune diseases patients and complement dependency of this process was studied on glass surfaces. The adherence of leukocytes of both normal persons and of SLE and RA patients was decreased in the presence of normal human serum compared to serum-free medium. The effects of native and heat inactivated human sera on leukocytes of SLE and RA patients were compared. Adherence of SLE leukocytes was higher, whereas that of RA leukocytes was lower in unheated serum compared to heat inactivated human serum. Supernatants of leukocytes of SLE, RA patients and control subjects were harvested after incubation in serum-free medium. The C3 levels of supernatants were determined by rocket electrophoresis. Surface attached C3 was detected with immunofluorescence mainly on SLE leukocytes. The cellular effects of supernatants on control leukocytes, were consistent with the changes observed with leukocytes derived from SLE, RA or control patients. PMID- 7342696 TI - [Synthesis of 1-acyl-4-(nitrofurfurylidenoamino)-piperazines]. PMID- 7342697 TI - [Polarographic determination of dacarbazine and aminoimidazole carboxamide in human blood and urine]. PMID- 7342698 TI - [Use of thin-layer chromatography for the identification of active substances in drug compounds. I. Preparations containing pyrazoline-5 or salicylic acid derivatives]. PMID- 7342699 TI - [Effect of different storage conditions on the stability of aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine digluconate]. PMID- 7342700 TI - [Sorptive properties of medicinal charcoal. VI. Suspensions of medicinal charcoal]. PMID- 7342701 TI - [Flavonoid compounds of Veronica spicata L]. PMID- 7342702 TI - [Evaluation of biological activity of L-methionidase from Pseudomonas putida AC 75 on the basis of in vitro studies]. PMID- 7342703 TI - [Interdepartmental psychiatric consultation in a general hospital]. PMID- 7342704 TI - [Psychiatric care in a general hospital (intrahospital psychiatric consultations)]. PMID- 7342705 TI - [Somatic complaints against a background of depressive disorder, a daily problem in consultation]. PMID- 7342706 TI - [Why are depressions masked?]. PMID- 7342707 TI - [Evaluation of word association in schizophrenic psychoses]. PMID- 7342708 TI - [Paranoid alcoholic syndromes. Controlled study]. PMID- 7342709 TI - The polynucleotide binding sites of estradiol receptor complexes. AB - As a model for interaction of steroid receptors with DNA, the binding of estradiol receptor complexes (E2R) to oligodeoxynucleotides, covalently linked to cellulose, was studied in detail. Binding was optimal at concentrations of monovalent cationic salts at, or near, isotonic levels and was selective for intracellular receptors in contrast to extracellular steroid binding proteins. Among the oligomers, the order of affinity was oligo dG greater than oligo dT greater than oligo dC greater than oligo dA greater than oligo dI. The binding to oligo dG was stable to 37 degrees C exposure and the processes of adsorption and desorption, while reactivity with oligo dT, oligo dC and oligo dA was labile. The decrease in binding following purification was restored by histone 2B. Oligo dG binding was the most resistant to inhibition by cibacron blue F3GA (CB) and pyridoxal-5-phosphate. On the basis of these data, a hypothesis is proposed for the interaction of mouse uterine cytosol E2R with prevalent nonspecific and putative specific sequences of DNA. PMID- 7342710 TI - Hormones and cancer. Proceedings of the Symposium on Hormone and Cancer, March 24 26, 1980, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. PMID- 7342711 TI - The search for progesterone-dependent proteins secreted by human endometrium. PMID- 7342712 TI - Estrogen regulation of growth and specific protein synthesis in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. AB - Taking advantage of the fact that estrogens can stimulate proliferation of antiestrogen-inhibited MCF-7 cells has enabled us to study molecular events involved in steroid-mediated growth of tumor cells, using a breast cancer cell line which otherwise is affected very little in its growth by estrogens. Under these growth conditions, estradiol stimulates DNA polymerase activity in a manner analogous with reported estrogen effects on enzyme activity in normal target tissues. We also observed dissociation of estrogen effects on cell growth and PgR stimulation, indicating that PgR induction and estrogen-mediated cell division may involve separate control mechanisms. The relative rate of synthesis of the 24,000 molecular weight protein is also increased under these conditions of estrogen-stimulated cell growth. Since increased synthesis of the 24,000 molecular weigh protein was determined not to be a reflection of different stages of cell growth, we suggest that this protein is regulated specifically by estrogens and that it may be a marker of estrogen stimulated growth of human breast tumor cells. PMID- 7342714 TI - Inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis and regression of mammary tumors by aromatase inhibitors. PMID- 7342713 TI - Regulation of pituitary growth and prolactin gene expression by estrogen. AB - We presented evidence that primary cultures of rat pituitary cells respond to estradiol by increased incorporation of precursors into prolactin. The response is specific for estrogenic hormones and is maximal at physiological concentrations of estradiol. The time course and magnitude of the response in cultured cells is in agreement with that observed under in vivo conditions, suggesting that estrogen exerts its effect mainly through a direct action on the pituitary gland. The data presented indicate that estrogen stimulates prolactin synthesis predominantly through increased prolactin mRNA accumulation, and to a lesser extent, through mammotroph cell proliferation. Chronic treatment with DES caused sustained proliferation of pituitary cells leading to prolactin producing pituitary tumors in the Fischer 344 rat, but not in the Holtzman rat. The genetic basis for these differences are currently under investigation. PMID- 7342715 TI - Estrogen receptor and the development of estrogenic responses in embryonic chick liver. AB - We have examined the development of responsiveness to estrogen by embryonic chick liver with a view to determining common and unique factors involved in the establishment of different genomic responses to th e hormone. The major apoproteins of chick VLDL, apo VLDL-B and apo VLDL-II, both appear to be estrogen inducible at an earlier stage of of embryonic development than is vitellogenin. Apo VLDL-B, but not vitellogenin, exhibits a significant level of hepatic synthesis in the absence of estrogen treatment. This basal synthesis in the absence of estrogen treatment. This basal synthesis is tamoxifen-resistant and is detectable at very early stages of hepatic development, well before estrogen responsiveness is seen. Immunological cross-reactivity, electrophoretic behavior and the results of limited proteolysis mapping suggest that the apo VLDL-B synthesized under basal and estrogen-stimulated conditions is the same (or a very similar) protein. Inducibility of the VLDL apoproteins appears to parallel the appearance of the hepatic estrogen receptor system at days 10-12 while vitellogenin induction is delayed by several days. Cytosol receptor concentration undergoes a gradual increase up to the 19th day of development and thereafter declines. The properties of the 19-day receptor are very similar to those of cytosol receptor in hatched chickens, but the fall in concentration does not appear to be proportionately related to inducibility of estrogenic responses, as measured by the relative rates of synthesis in vitro. PMID- 7342716 TI - Biologic activity of the iodoestrogens and their use in breast cancer. AB - Several iodinated estrogens, 6-iodoestra-1,3,5(10), 6-tetraene-3, 17 beta-diol (4) 16 beta-iodo-estradiol (3) were shown to displace 3H-estradiol (1b) from the uterine cytosol receptor by a competitive type of inhibition. The three compounds translocated the cytosol receptor to the nucleus in vitro and increased mouse uterine weight in vivo. In all tests the relative activities were 16 alpha-(2a) greater than 16 beta-(3a) greater than 6-(4a). When the compounds were made with [125I] the 16 alpha-[125I]-iodoestradiol (2b) bound with high affinity, Kd = 0.4 x 10(-10), to the 8S cytosol receptor. No high affinity binding could be demonstrated for the 6-[125I]-iodoestratetraene (4b). In in vivo experiments following the administration of 16 alpha-[125]-iodoestradiol (2b) to rats, high levels of radioactivity were found in the uterus, liver and thyroid but only in the liver and thyroid following administration of 6-[125I]-iodoestratetraene (4b). After administration of (2b) to rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumors, no tumor concentration of radioactivity could be detected by imaging. When (4b) was administered similarly, radioactivity could be detected in some of the tumors by imaging. The radioactivity was associated with non-specific 4S proteins. PMID- 7342717 TI - Feedback effects of mammary gland tumors on the host pituitary prolactin cell. AB - Prolactin (PRL) cells in pituitary glands of F-344 female rats bearing transplantable mammary gland adenocarcinomas (13762, 3230) were smaller, contained less intracellular hormone, and released less hormone in culture relative to non tumor-bearing littermates. In some instances removal of the tumor by surgery or chemotherapy (PAM) resulted in restoration of function in vitro. On the other hand, PRL cells from pituitaries of breast cancer patients were often hypertrophied. Since these patients had mastectomies prior to hypophysectomy, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the tumor exerts negative feedback at the pituitary or hypothalamic level. In support of this hypothesis we have discovered a potent PIF in rat serum. In addition, an experimental protocol involving a) encapsulation of pituitary cells in Amicon hollow fibers, b) their implantation in ectopic sites and c) their subsequent in vitro culture yields data which suggest that the brain of the tumor bearing rat suppresses PRL release. It is suggested that decreased PRL cell function in animals bearing certain mammary tumors ultimately favors metastatic activity of the tumor cell. PMID- 7342718 TI - Potential biochemical markers in the diagnosis and management of human prostate carcinoma. PMID- 7342719 TI - Estrogen receptor, a marker for human breast cancer differentiation and patient prognosis. PMID- 7342720 TI - Biochemical and estrogenic activity of some diethylstilbestrol metabolites and analogs in the mouse uterus. AB - DES is metabolized to a number of compounds through a minimum of three main metabolic routes. These routes result in some inactivity of DES as an estrogen, but the majority appear to produce estrogenic by-products, which in some cases produce divergent in vivo and in vitro hormone activities. Therefore, if DES undergoes this type of metabolism, then large doses or repeated ingestion could produce a body burden of compounds with a wide range of hormonal activities possessing some possibly toxic or carcinogenic nature. It is apparent that these types of findings must also be considered when DES is used as an estrogenic test substance. The studies in this report have only attempted to ascertain the hormonal activity or these compounds and do not address the questions of their toxic or carcinogenic nature. PMID- 7342721 TI - Chorionic gonadotropin synthesis and gene assignment in human:mouse hybrid cells. PMID- 7342723 TI - Neonatal stimulation of the uterus by clomiphene, tamoxifen and nafoxidine: relationship to the development of reproductive tract abnormalities. PMID- 7342722 TI - Etiology of DES-induced uterine tumors in the Syrian hamster. AB - This paper describes a new experimental model system for the induction of endometrial adenocarcinoma in hamster uterus following diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment of the newborn female. We propose that DES acts as an initiator during early development and that other estrogens act as promoters to stimulate tumor development in the adult uterus. DES directly affects the uterus as was shown by the failure of neonatal ovariectomy to prevent early DES-induced uterine growth. Subsequently, ovarian estrogen secretion from anovulatory, polyfollicular ovaries modifies the DES-altered uterus starting between 20 and 30 days of age and continuing into adult life. Early DES effects on the uterus include stimulation of endometrial cellular differentiation and progesterone receptor production. Permanent changes in uterine collagen, DNA and progesterone receptor content were noted, but the responsiveness of the DES-altered uterus to estrogen and progestin action was not impaired. Morphogenetic changes included an increase in extracellular connective tissue elements and striking alterations in endometrial cell composition such as hyperplasia of luminal and glandular epithelia and a massive inflammatory response in the stroma. Endometrial adenocarcinomas occurred in DES-treated animals in association with exposure to either endogenous estrogen from anovulatory ovaries or exogenous estrogen treatment of the ovariectomized animal. Endometrial tumors had relatively high concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors, suggesting a sensitivity to hormone action. Thus, these studies (a) demonstrate the utility of this animal model for the preparation of experimental endometrial tumors, and (b) suggest that DES acts as an initiator to transform uterine cells during early development, and estrogen exposure later in life acts as a promotor to stimulate growth and proliferation of DES-transformed cells. PMID- 7342724 TI - Effect of estradiol and progesterone on the secretory immune system in the female genital tract. AB - The female genital tract is a part of the secretory immune system that functions to keep the body free from disease by working against bacterial invasion. In response to estradiol, the essential component in this system, IgA, accumulates in uterine secretions of ovariectomized rats. Evidence is presented that estradiol has an effect on at least three parameters of the uterine IgA response by increasing: 1) the amount of IgA and the infiltration of IgA-positive lymphocytes into the uterine endometrium and myometrium; 2) the movement of IgA from the tissue into the uterine lumen, and 3) the amount of secretory tissue component present in the uteri of proestrus, and ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol. These studies indicate that estradiol plays an important role in regulating the uterine immune system. Further, it suggests that estradiol may control lymphocyte migration into the uterus as well as IgA transport into the uterine lumen. PMID- 7342725 TI - [Electro-ophthalmology for the clinician (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342726 TI - [Clinical picture of Behcet's disease from the ophthalmological standpoint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342727 TI - [Electron histochemical study of mitochondria with glycogen granules in rat photoreceptor cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342728 TI - [Ocular effects of epinephrine and timolol in normal volunteers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342729 TI - [Quantitative studies on the changes in volume and shape of the eye ball after retinal detachment surgery. II. Effects of scleral buckling and encircling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342730 TI - [Canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy and canaliculorhinostomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342731 TI - [A case of macrosquare wave jerks with spinocerebellar degeneration: on mechanism of square oscillation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342732 TI - [Studies on the velocity of saccadic eye movements with special reference to aging changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342733 TI - [Carbohydrate, electrolyte and water contents in the cataractous lens of streptozotocin diabetic rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342734 TI - [The effect of dibekacin in the treatment of external ocular infections, with special reference to the pseudomonas infection of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342735 TI - [Micro-circulatory disturbance related to the blood-retinal barrier. 1. Experimental occlusion of latex microspheres (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342736 TI - [Electron microscopic findings of a cilium in the anterior chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342737 TI - Studies on the properties of Treponema hyodysenteriae with special regard to its systematic position. PMID- 7342738 TI - Bovine porphyria caused by Candida guilliermondii infection. PMID- 7342739 TI - Experiences with the use of a uterine muscle relaxant preparation (Hanegif inj, ad us. vet.).. PMID- 7342740 TI - Teratological examination of agricultural pesticides on Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. PMID- 7342741 TI - Teratogenicity testing of Parathion 20 WP, Methylparathion 18 WP and Wofatox 50 EC in Japanese quail embryos by egg immersion technique. PMID- 7342742 TI - Recent observations on the fasciae of the equine forelimb. PMID- 7342743 TI - Sensitivity to different chemotherapeutics of Treponema hyodysenteriae strains isolated in Hungary. PMID- 7342744 TI - Biochemical studies on experimental haemorrhagic shock in buffalo calves. PMID- 7342745 TI - Correlation between some serum parameters, preslaughter stress and occurrence of PSE meat in pigs. PMID- 7342746 TI - Effects of drotaverin and depogen on gastric emptying in beagle dogs. PMID- 7342747 TI - Preliminary toxicity and teratogenicity testing of captan in Japanese quail embryos. PMID- 7342748 TI - Functional transformation of the fascia brachii lateralis and fascia antebrachii on the forelimb of sports horses. PMID- 7342749 TI - Pathomorphology of the superficial gluteal muscle in bovine lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 7342750 TI - Quantitative eye tracking tests in lead workers. AB - A microcomputer system for on-lone analysis of saccadic and smooth-pursuit tracking eye movements is described. Results from a longitudinal study of lead workers and matched controls reveal a consistent decrease in saccade accuracy in the lead workers compared to the controls. Saccade peak velocity and latency and smooth pursuit were not significantly different in the two groups. The abnormal saccade accuracy measurements may indicate a subclinical effect of increased lead absorption, but because of the large scatter in normal values, saccade accuracy measurements are not a reliable indicator of early lead toxicity in a single lead worker. PMID- 7342751 TI - Brain cancer in petrochemical workers: a case series report. AB - Eighteen primary brain cancer deaths among male workers at one Texas petrochemical plant from 1965-1980 are reported. Federal officials from OSHA and NIOSH are performing with company cooperation an historical prospective cohort mortality study, a case-control study, and neuropathological case confirmation. Average age at death was 53 (range 30-66). Median employment was 21 years and median latency was 24 years. 15/18 tumors were glioblastoma multiforme, an unusual histologic distribution. A preliminary estimate reveals a plant-wide excess brain cancer risk twice expected among 6,800 white males at the plant since 1941. Brain cancer mortality rates in surrounding counties are in the median range for US counties from 1950-1969. Ten recognized or suspected carcinogens are present in quantities greater than 10(6) lbs/yr. To date no common chemical exposures or work assignments have been identified among the cases. Data on 26 experimental brain carcinogens and relevant epidemiological studies are provided. PMID- 7342752 TI - Psychiatric ratings in occupational health research: a study of mental symptoms in lacquerers. AB - Most previous occupational health studies have employed various questionnaires for the quantitative assessment of mental symptoms. However, reporters' errors may reduce the value of the information so obtained. Semistructured psychiatric interviews and rating scales offer another method to collect data on the prevalence of mental symptoms. This paper describes the application of rating techniques in an epidemiological study of the effect on the nervous system of occupational exposure to organic solvents. The results suggest that ratings by trained interviewers are as useful as many neurophysiological and psychometrical methods to detect early neurotoxicity. The contention agrees with a general opinion that slight changes in mental comfort and personality often are the first signs of progressive brain damage. PMID- 7342753 TI - Neurophysiological and psychological picture of solvent poisoning. AB - Neurophysiological and psychological tests were administered to 107 patients--48 men and 59 women--with a diagnosis of solvent poisoning after longstanding (mean 9.6 years for males and mean 7.6 years for females) occupational exposure. Electroencephalography (EEG) and a wide psychological test battery were applied in all cases, and electroneurographic measurements were performed in 77 subjects. Sixty-five percent of the patients showed an abnormal EEG, and excessive beta activity, not induced by drugs, was found in 54% of patients. At least one abnormally slow nerve conduction velocity (CV) was found in 48 out of 77 patients. The scores of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) subtests Digit Span (DSp) and Digit Symbol (DSy) among the men and scores of Similarities (Sim), Digit Symbol (DSy), Picture Completion (PC), and Block Design (BD) among the women were statistically significantly lower than in the Finnish standardization sample. Long duration of exposure was related to poor performance in the Santa Ana Dexterity test in both sexes, to poor visual memory among the men and to poor visuoconstructive intellectual tasks among the women. The background frequency in the EEG showed a correlation to the DSp test of WAIS and some relationship emerged also between the former and the BD, the Symmetry Drawing test, the Santa Ana Dexterity test, and the Mira test. Focal slow wave abnormalities were related to inaccurate hand movements in the psychomotor Mira test. Neurophysiological and psychological tests seem to reflect partly different aspects of neurologic effects and their combined use helps in the evaluation of hazards of solvent exposure. PMID- 7342754 TI - Ozone toxicity symptoms among flight attendants. AB - Because of persistent complaints of ozone-toxicity type symptoms among crew members of commercial airlines, we undertook a survey to determine the extent of the problem and the associated flight factors. Self-reported questionnaires and flight diaries were completed by 1,330 flight attendants, (FAs) working for three different airlines. Ozone-toxicity type symptoms were reported three or four times more frequently by FAs with airlines flying at high altitudes than by those with low-flying airlines. When examined by characteristics of flights, the ozone toxicity type symptoms were significantly associated with flight altitude, duration and type of aircraft, but not with years worked, sex, medical history, or home residence. Other symptoms indicative of fatigue or stress were mainly associated with flight duration. While these indirect data cannot implicate ozone specifically, they offer evidence that ozone-related health problems do exist among a large proportion of FAs. PMID- 7342755 TI - Spirometric "abnormality" in a normal male reference population: further analysis of the 1971 Oregon survey. AB - Conventional criteria for spirometric impairment (FVC and FEV1 less than or equal to 79% predicted, FEF25-75 less than or equal to 74% predicted, FEV1/FVC less than or equal to 0.69 for most ages) were applied to 507 healthy nonsmoking male subjects in the 1971 Oregon survey. Frequency of air flow impairment was higher than expected for a normal population. Of all subjects, 17.8% had an "abnormal" FEF25-75% and 19.7% an "abnormal" FEV1/FVC. "Decreased" lung volumes were seen in older subjects; of those over 55 years of age, 8.8% had a reduced FVC and 11.8% a reduced FEV1. These rates in a normal population may be used as a rough baseline for making inferences about a population under study. Similar rates were found in a cross-sectional survey of nonsmoking males representative of the population of a large industrial state. The major reason for these high rates of "abnormal" spirometry lies in the conventional definitions of abnormality. Tables showing cut-off points for abnormal spirometric values based on a 95% confidence interval for adult males of all ages and heights permit an alternative method for classification as abnormal. PMID- 7342756 TI - Changes in psychological performances of solvent-poisoned and solvent-exposed workers. AB - The changes in psychological performances associated with long-term exposure to organic solvents and solvent mixtures were studied in a group of 56 male workers diagnosed as having an occupational disease caused by solvents. Their mean duration of exposure was 9.1 +/- SD 8.3 years, and they were exposed mainly to halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons and to mixtures of paint solvents. The psychological performances of these solvent-exposed patients were compared with those of 98 styrene-exposed workers and a nonexposed group of 43 construction workers. The applied psychological test variables were factor analyzed, before other statistical analysis, in order to clarify what they measured in the present study. The solvent-exposed group was characterized by a decline in visuomotor performance and decreased freedom from distractibility. The poor visuomotor performances were also related to the long duration of solvent exposure in this group of patients. The index applied for the exposure level revealed no significant relationships to psychological performances among the solvent-exposed patients. The psychological performances of the styrene-exposed group differed only very slightly from those of the nonexposed workers. PMID- 7342757 TI - A mortality study of newspaper printing workers. AB - Following an inquiry from the workers of a large newspaper plant in Milan, Italy, a mortality study was undertaken to investigate the reportedly high occurrence of cancer. The study covered the period from 1956 to 1975. Among the 700 workers participating, for a total of 12,198 person-years, 199 deaths had occurred. Overall mortality was not lower than expected and a significant excess was found among the workers aged 25-54 years. Cancer mortality was higher than expected; the only significant excess, however, was found among packers and forwarders who had a greater incidence of all neoplasms, all respiratory cancers, and lung cancer. Some possible explanations concerning personal life-style and occupational exposure previously not considered are proposed. Mortality from circulatory diseases and ischemic heart disease was significantly in excess among the workers aged 25-54 years and was associated with length of employment, age at the time of hiring, and duration of follow-up; analysis by job category revealed a significant mortality excess from these causes among packers and forwarders. It is suggested that the mortality pattern observed for cardiovascular disease, as well as for all causes, could be interpreted in the light of the peculiar characteristics of newspaper production. The initial complaint, instigating the study, arose from the packers and forwarders department. PMID- 7342758 TI - Radiological evidence of asbestos disease among ship repair workers. AB - Asbestos materials are now infrequently used in new ship construction. However, significant amounts were used in vessels constructed before 1975. As a consequence, for the next 30 or more years, the potential for asbestos exposure in the repair of such vessels will remain. We studied 286 workers who were 30 or more years from onset of employment in ship repair work. Eighty-six percent had radiological evidence of asbestosis, and five instances of previously undiagnosed lung cancer were found. This suggests that unless industrial hygiene precautions are taken in the future repair of vessels that have been built with asbestos, we will add additional decades to the legacy we already face as the result of uncontrolled shipyard exposures of the past. PMID- 7342759 TI - Low-level arsenic exposure in wood processing plants. AB - In October 1978, seven construction workers building a pier in Monterey, California, developed symptoms consistent with arsenic intoxication and had elevated urinary levels of arsenic. The wood used for the pier had been pressure treated with an arsenic preservative. To evaluate the potential acute medical hazards of preserving wood with arsenic, we evaluated employees at three California plants where arsenic preservatives are mixed and applied to wood. Histories, physical examinations, and urine specimens for arsenic analysis were collected from 44 workers exposed to arsenic and from 37 controls in three woodworking plants where arsenic is not used. A comparison of the groups failed to show any significant differences in history or physical examination. Adjustment for age, length of employment, and smoking histories did not alter the pattern. Urinary arsenic concentration was found to increase with increased exposure. These results do not imply absence of chronic or delayed toxicity, nor do they preclude the presence of a more subtle toxicity such as nerve conduction deficits. The data indicate existence of an arsenic exposure hazard in wood processing.U PMID- 7342760 TI - Pregnancy abnormalities among personnel at a virological laboratory. AB - Observations on an increased spontaneous abortion rate initiated a study among personnel working at a laboratory for diagnostic virology. Personnel at a bacteriological laboratory and at another virological laboratory served as controls. Seventy-seven female employees at the laboratory for virology were interviewed, as well as 91 at the bacteriology laboratory and 45 women at another virological laboratory. A significantly increased perinatal death rate was found among the virology personnel, with no apparent clustering over the time period studied. A higher serum titer against common viruses was found among employees actively working with patient sera. A model experiment demonstrated the risk for aerosolization of serum samples during processing. No evidence of a relationship between chemical work environment factors and the increased perinatal death rate was found. It is concluded that the factor in the working environment most closely related to the increased perinatal death rate was exposure to viral aerosols. PMID- 7342761 TI - Occupational lead exposure, nephropathy, and renal cancer. AB - A 48-year-old lead worker was found to have a cystic renal carcinoma during an evaluation of his occupational lead poisoning. Clinical studies showed elevated blood lead levels, impaired urinary concentrating ability, and reduced creatinine clearance. Histologic and electron microscopic studies showed this cystic tumor to be similar to renal carcinomas observed in animals with prolonged lead exposure. Lead content of the tumor was elevated (2.49 micrograms/gm) in comparison with adjacent renal tissue and with normal adult levels. In light of previous animal studies, this case adds increased evidence to the concern over the carcinogenic potential of prolonged lead exposure. PMID- 7342762 TI - Asbestosis in the industries of the Barcelona area. AB - This presentation is the result of the survey of eight industries with asbestosis risk in the Barcelona area (two of fibro-cement, three of auto brakes, two of textiles, and one of insulation materials). Of 1,472 workers, 271 or 18.5% have asbestosis. Pleural involvement in asbestosis is twice as common as that of the lung, 15.7% versus 8.5%. Pulmonary asbestosis without pleural participation is seen in only 2.6% of cases. Pleural plaques, calcified and not calcified, are detected in only a few cases. There is a definite correlation between the incidence of asbestosis and the exposure time: from 1% in the group of workers with less than five years of exposure up to 64.58% for those with 30 or more years of exposure. Clinical symptoms (cough, and/or expectoration, and/or dyspnea) were present in 68% of the studied population. Pulmonary crepitations are the most significant physical sign detected, observed in one quarter to one third of the patients. Pulmonary function tests in asbestos workers revealed restrictive and mixed type syndromes in 17% of the cases and obstructive syndrome in 36%. The percentages for those workers without asbestosis are 9% and 16%, respectively. It seems, therefore, that a bronchial factor plays a role in asbestosis. The bronchial pathology would be manifested clinically by the appearance or the exaggeration of the chronic bronchitis symptoms, and physiologically by the presence of the obstructive syndrome. There is no doubt that smoking enhances the incidence of asbestosis, aggravates the respiratory symptoms in those affected, and is a cause of further deterioration of pulmonary function. PMID- 7342763 TI - Pattern and model makers, proportionate mortality 1972-1978. AB - A proportionate mortality study of deceased white male workers in the pattern and model making trades was conducted. Death certificates were obtained for 1257 death benefit-eligible members of the Pattern Makers' League of North America who had died in the years 1972-1978, and age-adjusted proportionate mortality was calculated using 1975 United States white male death rates. For the entire nationwide union, statistically significant excess proportions of deaths were observed due to colon cancer (proportionate mortality ratio, PMR = 167) and to brain tumors (PMR = 211). A statistically significant excess proportion of deaths due to colon cancer (PMR = 163) and to leukemia (PMR = 200) were observed among the members of the predominantly wood shop locals. Nonsignificant excess proportions of cancer deaths occurred at a number of other anatomical sites. Predominant occupational exposures included wood and plastic dusts and epoxy resins in wood shops and cutting oil mists and solvent vapors in the metal shops. These results suggest the need for better work practices in this industry while more definitive studies are completed. PMID- 7342764 TI - Congenital defects of the central nervous system and occupational factors during pregnancy. A case-referent study. AB - The possible impact of occupational factors on the furtherance of congenital defects has been under study at our department for the past four years, and it has assumed a special interest because of the importance to understand the etiology of these disorders and a good possibility for prevention by elimination of the causative factor from the work environment. In connection with a register based case-referent study utilizing supplementary information, acquired by a single interviewer, we analyzed various occupational factors related to pregnancy. We found that organic solvent exposure and exposure to various dusts during the pregnant period were more common among the case mothers than among their matched referents. These findings may offer further rough guidance in the quest for the identification of possibly embryotoxic agents that may occur in occupational life. PMID- 7342765 TI - Lead exposure in stained glass workers. AB - To evaluate lead exposure in stained glass workers, we measured blood lead levels in 12 professional glass workers, in 5 hobbyists, and in 4 workers' family members. Professional workers lead levels (mean 20.7 micrograms/dl) were higher than hobbyists' (11.6 micrograms/dl) (P = 0.02) or family members' (11.3 micrograms/dl). Levels increased with years worked, hours worked per week, and percentage of work involving lead. The mean lead concentration in settled dust samples from a stained glass workshop was 11,000 parts per million. Stained glass workers are at increased risk of lead exposure. PMID- 7342766 TI - Nickel concentrations in plasma and urine of shipyard workers. AB - Nickel concentrations were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry in plasma from workers at a repair shipyard and a construction shipyard. Four groups of workers were studied: (a) 62 welders, (b) 31 painters, (c) 27 riggers/carpenters, and (d) 21 shipfitters/pipefitters. Controls were 15 hospital workers and 28 retirees at the repair shipyard. In the combined groups of all tested workers at the repair shipyard, increased plasma Ni concentrations (greater than 5.2 micrograms/liter) occurred in 32 of 82 subjects (39%): (p less than .05 vs increased plasma Ni concentrations in 13 of 59 workers at the construction shipyard [22%], and p less than .001 vs increased plasma Ni concentrations in 1 of 43 controls [2%]). At both shipyards, plasma Ni concentrations were higher in the groups of painters and shipfitters/pipefitters than in the groups of welders and riggers/carpenters. In random urine specimens from workers at the construction shipyard. Ni concentrations exceeded 5.2 micrograms/liter in 9 of 24 welders [38%], (p less than .01 vs increased urine Ni concentrations in 1 of 15 controls [hospital workers]). The ratios of plasma/urine nickel concentrations were higher in painters (p less than .05) and lower in welders (p less than .05) than in other workers at the construction shipyard. Increased concentrations of nickel in body fluids of shipyard workers are attributed to exposures to nickel compounds and alloys in the working environment. PMID- 7342767 TI - Lung cancer prevalence among shipyard workers. AB - The prevalence of lung cancer has been ascertained during a survey of 286 shipyard workers all 20 to 45 years from onset of asbestos exposure in shipyard work. Two men had had previous thoracic surgery for lung cancer. In addition, bronchogenic carcinoma was found in five men. One was among the 35 men less than 30 years in the yard; three were in the 191 who had begun work 30 to 39 years before, and one was in the group of 60 men who were 40+ years from onset. The potential usefulness of large-scale surveillance programs for the early detection of lung cancer among current and former shipyard workers is discussed. PMID- 7342768 TI - Chromosome investigations in lymphocytes of workers employed in areas in which styrene-containing unsaturated polyester resins are manufactured. PMID- 7342769 TI - Mortality studies of smelter workers. AB - In view of the historic importance of smelter workers in the field of occupational medicine, it is surprising that until very recently little data was available on the mortality experience of these workers. The problem in most studies lies in identifying the smelter workers, because smelting, strictly speaking, refers to the melting of ores for the purposes of recovering metals, whereas smelters sometimes perform the operations of roasting, calcining, sintering, converting, and refining. These distinctions are not made in most mortality studies. Most mortality studies of smelter workers conducted to date have shown some excess in lung cancer. For lead, copper, cadmium, and nickel smelters a different etiologic agent has been proposed for each. These different explanations arise partly from different initial perspectives in conducting the studies. In this paper, data are presented on a current historical-prospective study of males who worked a year or more during the period January 1, 1940 to December 31, 1964 at a copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington. This smelter (and refinery) handled a copper ore with a relatively high arsenic content and produced arsenic trioxide as a by-product. Overall 97.2% of the original study population was traced through 1976. Of the 1,061 who were found to have died, death certificates were obtained for 1,018, or 96%. For all causes of death, the mortality rates in this cohort, expressed as a Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR), were 3.5% higher than that expected based on the United States white male mortality experience. A total of 104 respiratory system cancers were observed compared to 54.6 expected (SMR = 190.5, p less than .05). Respiratory cancer rates were found to be elevated in both smokers and nonsmokers. Overall, a gradual rise in SMR's for respiratory cancer was observed with increasing duration of exposure but not with an increasing interval from onset of exposure. This observation is consistent with the notion that the effects of arsenic on cancer incidence disappear with time. This phenomenon has also been observed for cigarette smokers and chromate workers. Additional analyses are planned for the Tacoma cohort, which will examine mortality according to process as well as by exposure to arsenic and other contaminants. The importance of studies of workers at other kinds of smelters and refineries is stressed. PMID- 7342770 TI - Occupational Health and Safety in the smelting and foundry industries in Mexico. AB - This paper reviews the epidemiological features of the accidents and illnesses in smelters and foundries affiliated with Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social for the year 1977. The accident rate per 100 workers was 26, which was second to mining among all industries listed; this rate is almost double that for all factories as a whole, and the accidents tended to be more severe. In contrast, there was little reporting of occupational illnesses in smelters and foundries. There were only 29 illnesses with 20 resulting in permanent disability and one in death. The most common occupational illnesses were: acoustic trauma (50%), industrial bronchitis (20%), siderosis (10%), chemical and physical conjunctivitis (5%), and miscellaneous including poisonings (15%). PMID- 7342771 TI - State of the art: historical perspective of smelting. PMID- 7342773 TI - An overview of occupational exposure control technology in nonferrous smelting. AB - Principles of exposure control include: (1) exposure determination, (2) emission characterization, (3) control options development and analysis, (4) technical and economic feasibility evaluation, and (5) selection, implementation, and testing of the exposure control. New technologies that may reduce exposures are being developed in Europe and the United States. These include new approaches to pyrometallurgical smelting and the development of hydrometallurgical smelting technologies. However, for the time being, retrofit controls will be the primary means of exposure control in the domestic nonferrous smelter industry. PMID- 7342772 TI - Ferric chloride leach-electrolysis process for production of lead. AB - The U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, under a cost-sharing, cooperative research agreement with lead producers, is studying a process to eliminate sulfur oxide generation and to minimize lead emission in the production of lead. The new process consists of leaching lead sulfide concentrate with a ferric chloride-sodium chloride solution to produce lead chloride, and fused-salt electrolysis of lead chloride to produce lead metal and chlorine. The chlorine is used to regenerate ferric chloride in the leach solution. The study is being conducted in a process investigation unit which treats 750 lb of concentrate a day. This paper discusses the results of operation of the process investigation unit, data on lead monitoring, and the precautions employed to control lead levels in the workplace atmosphere. The monitoring data for the initial phase of the investigation show lead levels well within OSHA permissible exposure limits. Continued development is necessary before the process can be considered for implementation. PMID- 7342774 TI - The respiratory health of school children in smelter communities. AB - This study compares the pulmonary function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among school children living in smelter towns and other communities of Arizona. The rate of asthma was found to be significantly higher in whites than Mexican-Americans, although differences in related problems, such as wheezing, were not significant. When the subjects were grouped by area of residence, the children living in areas with relatively high particulate levels had significantly lower pulmonary function than children living in areas with low particulate levels. No relation between symptoms or pulmonary function and sulfur dioxide levels was observed. PMID- 7342775 TI - Health risks associated with residence near a primary copper smelter: a preliminary report. AB - Mortality for three groups of ICD codes covering acute, chronic, and malignant respiratory diseases were studied for adult white women in communities near or adjacent to primary copper smelting facilities in the United States between 1968 and 1975, a period when women had not as yet entered the industrial work force. A previous comprehensive survey, sponsored by the EPA, of all U.S. counties used multiple regression analysis as a method of statistical surveillance to assess the association of mortality with industrial activity. This preliminary study suggested an excess mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases in copper mining and smelting counties. We directly examined town mortality rates for white female residents, aged 35 to 74, in eight U.S. copper smelting communities and compared them to demographically and geographically matched communities without industries likely to produce significant air pollution, using death certificates obtained from state sources. Site-specific air quality data were also obtained for these communities. Our direct examination of community death rates for copper smelting towns confirmed the preliminary observation at the county level of an excess risk from acute respiratory diseases but did not detect evidence of an elevated mortality from chronic respiratory diseases or cancer of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7342776 TI - Effects of sulfuric acid aerosol inhalations. AB - Submicrometer H2SO4 droplets can affect pulmonary functions in humans. The lowest concentration which has been reported to produce a statistically significant effect on pulmonary mechanics is 1 mg/m3. Effects on tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance of inert particles were observed in our laboratory at much lower concentrations. For ten nonsmoking humans exposed for one hour via nasal mask to 0.1 mg/m3 of H2SO4, the mean bronchial clearance half-time was reduced by 38% (p less than 0.02) while for 1 mg/m3, it was increased by 48% (p less than 0.03). Four donkeys exposed for 1 hour daily to 0.1 mg/m3 for six months developed clearance abnormalities which persisted for at least three months after the last exposure. The patterns of mucociliary clearance responses to H2SO4 are similar to those seen previously in humans and donkeys following exposure to cigarette smoke, a known causal factor for chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7342777 TI - Sulfur dioxide induced airway hyperreactivity in allergic sheep. AB - The effects of a four-hour exposure (via a Plexiglas hood) to sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airway reactivity was studied in both normal and allergic conscious sheep. Allergic sheep were defined as animals in whom inhalation of Ascaris suum extract resulted in an increase in mean pulmonary flow resistance (RL). Airway reactivity (delta RL) was assessed by measuring the increase in RL after 18 breaths of 0.25% carbachol, from an initial value obtained after 18 breaths of buffered saline. RL and delta RL were determined prior to, immediately after and 24 hours following SO2 exposure in three groups of sheep: six normal sheep exposed to 5 ppm SO2 (group A); six normal sheep exposed to 10 ppm SO2 (group B) and seven allergic sheep exposed to 5 ppm SO2 (group C). RL was not affected by SO2 exposure in any group but both groups B and C showed increases in delta RL 24 hours after exposure. Since the increase in delta RL was greater in group C than in either groups A or B, we conclude that allergic sheep have enhanced susceptibility to the injurious airway effects of SO2. PMID- 7342778 TI - New perspectives on lead. PMID- 7342779 TI - Kidney function and lead: relationships in several occupational groups with different levels of exposure. AB - Potential kidney function decrement with long term lead exposure is important in the overall assessment of adverse health effects of lead in industrial workers or other exposed groups. Two clinical field studies of secondary lead smelter workers have shown that a significant proportion of workers had slightly to moderately elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels; the prevalence was higher in those with longer lead exposure. Since a decrement of kidney function with age has been documented, and since duration of lead exposure may also be strongly related to age, it was necessary to assess the age dependent renal function decrement in control (non-lead-exposed) populations. BUN and creatinine levels in the lead exposed workers showed a much more significant correlation with age than that which was found in the non-exposed populations; the correlation remained statistically significant after correcting for the age dependent decrement derived from the control populations. Moreover, highly significant correlations between BUN and creatinine and the biological indicator of lead absorption, zinc protoporphyrin, were found. The results indicate a sizeable and significant decrement in kidney function in the secondary lead smelter workers studied; by removing its age-dependency, this effect was found to be lead-induced. In other occupational groups, with lesser and/or shorter lead exposure, a significant effect on renal function as reflected in BUN and creatinine levels could not be detected. PMID- 7342780 TI - Lead exposure and behavioral changes: comparisons of four occupational groups with different levels of lead absorption. AB - The association between lead absorption and objective psychological performance tests in five groups with different levels of lead absorption was studied in the following groups: (1) a control, non-lead-exposed group; (2) cable splicers, (3) cable manufactures, and (4) secondary lead smelter workers. The following performance tests were used: Block Design, Digit Symbol, and Embedded Figures. Age-corrected performance test scores and the average of three test scores (INDEX) were used throughout. A significant association between performance tests scores and increased lead absorption was found. Zinc protoporphyrin level was a more "powerful" (in the statistical sense) indicator of lead-induced CNS effects than blood lead levels. This study provides additional evidence that neurotoxic effects associated with occupational exposure to lead can be demonstrated by means of performance tests. It has been known and widely accepted that increased lead absorption is associated with "non-specific" subjective symptoms: tiredness, sleep disturbance, irritability, etc. Psychometric techniques (including an appropriate statistical analysis strategy) are highly sensitive for the early detection of CNS neurotoxicity, such as metal toxicity. Moreover, even in lead exposed but asymptomatic individuals, a significant correlation (negative) between test scores and levels of lead absorption could be detected. It is concluded that workers exposed to lead at levels considered "safe" might be at risk of developing brain dysfunction with long term exposure. PMID- 7342781 TI - The chemical neutralization of inhaled sulfuric acid aerosol. AB - We hypothesize that gaseous ammonia (NH3) released into respiratory airways can neutralize inhaled acidic particles and alter or mitigate their toxicity. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the relationship between respiratory NH3 and the chemical neutralization of inhaled sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol in the surgically isolated upper airways of anesthetized dogs. With air entering via the mouth, the NH3 concentration measured at the larynx, ranged between 30 and 225 parts per billion (ppb). The extent of neutralization at this point ranged from 8%-70% (n = 16) for the 0.5-micrometer particles and 7%-22% (n = 16) for the 1.0 micrometer particles. With air entering via the nose, the laryngeal NH3 concentrations ranged between 50 and 220 ppb. Neutralization values were between 15%-65% (n = 8) for 0.5-micrometer particles, and between 16%-18% (n = 3) for 1.0 micrometers particles. For both routes of entry, the extent of neutralization was correlated with the laryngeal NH3 concentration. We conclude that the chemistry of acidic particles is significantly altered by respiratory NH3 during inhalation. The extent of neutralization is related to both the NH3 concentration in the airway and the size of the particle entering the airway. The extent of neutralization per ppb of laryngeal NH3 is related to the route of entry, being greater for the mouth than the nose. PMID- 7342782 TI - Adult performance on the Southern California Kinesthesis and Tactile Perception Tests. AB - Researchers and clinicians working with various adult populations have no practical, complete, reliable, and valid method of measuring the tactile and kinesthetic functions of their clients. This study gathers preliminary normative information on the performance of adults on the Southern California Kinesthesia and Tactile Tests. Fifty-one normal men and women with a mean age of 26 years were administered the Kinesthesia, Manual Form Perception, Finger Indentification, Graphesthesia, Localization of Tactile Stimuli, and Double Tactile Stimuli Tests in the order in which they were standardized. Test-retest reliability was studied in 41 of these subjects. Results indicated that the assessment of normal adults was hampered by ceiling effects and by low reliability, but that these six tests might well serve a useful function in discriminating between relatively severe dysfunction and normal function in adults. Suggestions were made toward the development of new measurement instruments specifically designed for adults. PMID- 7342783 TI - How do we focus our attention? AB - A shadowing experiment investigated subjects' ability to focus their attention in the presence of two irrelevant messages. The subjects shadowed a binaurally presented message while attempting to ignore two monaurally heard distractors, one on each ear. In one condition, the distractors were normally spoken messages. In a second condition, the distractors were reversed speech (normal speech played backwards). In a third condition, subjects shadowed a binaural message while attempting to ignore a single binaurally presented, reversed-speech distractor. The subjects combined both locational cues and the forward/reversed cue to help them to select the appropriate message. This result implies that the discriminability of the relevant message from the background is an important factor in selection. It exerts an effect in addition to any influence of the number of groups into which attended and background messages are segregated. PMID- 7342784 TI - Handedness: coordination of within- and between-hand alternating movements. AB - Two models of coordination of within- and between-hand alternating movements are compared. Model 1 assumes that control of bimanual movement passes back and forth between two independent systems, each of which guides one hand, and that the performance of alternating tapping movements (e.g., right index, right middle fingers) within a hand is very different from performance of alternating movements between hands (right index, left index fingers). The model suggests that right/left performance asymmetries on given tasks reflect the characteristics of the independent systems and would therefore predict that factor analysis would yield a "hand" factor. Model 2 assumes that a single system initiates and terminates movement in two subsystems, each of which guides one hand, and it suggests that the task of guiding alternating tapping movements within a hand is very similar to the task of alternating movement between hands. Model 2 would not predict an independent "hand" factor in the factor analysis of performances of tasks yielding left/right asymmetries; the asymmetries presumably arise because the single higher order system has better access to one of the subsystems than to the other. Analyses of performance of within- and between-hand alternations, single-finger tapping movements, and a pursuit rotor task in 92 subjects lend clear support to Model 2. PMID- 7342785 TI - Guidelines for identifying therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7342786 TI - Values and the psychotherapist. PMID- 7342787 TI - The therapist-patient relationship: a holistic view. PMID- 7342788 TI - The stress of deprivation in human relationships. PMID- 7342789 TI - Discussion of "The stress of deprivation in human relationships". PMID- 7342790 TI - The denouement of metapsychology. PMID- 7342791 TI - Psychiatry's contributions to conferences on science and world affairs. PMID- 7342792 TI - Determination of the mothproofing agent Eulan WA (New) in fish tissue using gas - liquid chromatography following extractive methylation. PMID- 7342793 TI - [The growth of the basis cranii (distances measured externally and problems of the asymmetry) (author's transl)]. AB - The postnatal linear expansion in the region of skull base at the external cranial side was investigated at 91 skulls (44 adults, 47 children). From the anterior end of the Meatus acusticus externus to some anthropological measuring marks in the orbital region (Ektokonchion, Nasomaxillo-frontale, Dakryon, superior and inferior orbital rim) the growth increases between newborn age and 2 years. There is a phase of rest between 2 and 4 years, a further distance growth between 4 and 7 years, a phase of rest between 7 and 17 years and an increase of distance till the adult age. From the posterior end of the meatus acusticus externus to the Opisthocranion proves a less growth increase between newborn age and 2 years, a great one between 2 and 4 years and in the following time only a less growth of distance. Our results of the problem of asymmetries demonstrate that the lateral orbital rim on the right side stretches more dorsally than on the left side. Generally the posterior measuring distance on the right side is greater than on the left side too. The right Orbitale moreover stands lower on the right than on the left side. Opposite to a line from Basion to the Spina nasalis posterior founded by us also the right Porion stands lower significantly than the left one. PMID- 7342794 TI - [Vivisection studies on the effects of unilateral tooth extraction on growth of the skull amd masticatory musculature (author's transl)]. AB - Following up on the 1st part of this cycle of publications, the 2nd Bulletin deals with investigations on upper and lower jaw growth in the Vietnamese belly pig after extracting all teeth as they appeared in the right half of the jaw. The results showed characteristic changes on the side of the extraction compared with the skull on the other side. They also show clearly that the effects of unilateral loss of teeth on the development of the bony part of the chewing apparatus are very local. This is made evident by analysis distances measured for the 3rd and 4th upper jaw widths and the 2nd vertical height of the bottom jaw. In contrast to other authors, we found no changes in the longitudinal and lateral development of the bottom jaw. Due to the slight degree of development of the alveolar process of the bottom jaw in the region of the 1st permanent molar, a significant reduction in surface area was found when removing the 2nd molars, which was performed usually at an early point, only in the group slaughtered after 12 months. PMID- 7342795 TI - Some quantitative histological observations on the growing cerebellum of the albino rat. (Dimensions of the cortical layers and white core and relative number of Purkinje cells). AB - The cerebella of 38 Sprague Dawley rats of various ages have been studied histologically by sectioning in certain parasagittal planes. The age groups were chosen from the early postnatal developmental stage (6, 11 and 16 days), around puberty (41, 46 and 51 days) and maturity (210 days). The sections yielded quantitative data with regard to the dimensions in parasagittal sections, of the entire cerebellum, the cerebellar cortex, the white core, the molecular layer and the granular layer, as well as, the differential and proportional growth of these layers at the above ages. The relative number of Purkinje cells per mm2 of sectional area of the cortex was also determined. The information presented in this study is of indicative value of the pattern of the growing cerebellum and of the ages in which the various layers and the relative number of Purkinje cells assume adult values. PMID- 7342796 TI - Comparative anatomy of the extrinsic ocular muscles in vertebrates. AB - Comparative anatomy of the orbita throughout various vertebrates revealed that the extrinsic ocular muscles vary in shape and number, and it was suggested that the original form of the 3 straight (superior, inferior, and temporalis) and one oblique (superior) muscles serve to conduct their components into various types of differentiation and degeneration. Differentiation of the extrinsic ocular muscles from 4 origins seems to depend both on early independence of the M. obliquus inferior and M. rectus nasalis leading to the primitive pattern of Cyclostomata and Pisces, and new gradual development of the M. retractor bulbi, M. membranae nictitans, and M. palpebralis toward Amphibia and Amniota, in order to move the bulbus and eyelid more complicately. Degeneration, on the contrary, implied partial reduction of original muscles together with their nerves and complete disappearance of them. Occasional division of the M. obliquus superior and M. palpebralis into 2 parts with the same innervation, moreover, suggests the probable appearance of new muscles in relation to eye movement and in animal species not yet examined. These changes, including the original form, primitive pattern, and most differentiated types, were summarized schematically in 27 species of vertebrates. PMID- 7342797 TI - Studies on the histogenesis of the tunica mucosa of the stomach of the Egyptian water buffalo (Bos bubalus L.). II. Histogenesis of the reticular mucosa. AB - In the fetus with 9 cm CRL the reticular mucosa was made up of a Lamina epithelialis and a Lamina Propria/submucosa. The primordia of the reticular crests firstly appeared in the fetus with 16 cm CRL as evaginations of the basal zone of the Lamina epithelialis into the superficial one. Invaginations from the luminal surface of the Lamina epithelialis above the tips of the long reticular crests were formed in the fetus with 27 cm CRL. Aggregations of smooth muscle cells appeared in the cores of the long reticular crests in the fetus with 50 cm CRL. In the fetus with 73 cm CRL invaginations of various depths were formed to separate the reticular crests from the mass of epithelium. The epithelium in the different fetal stages were missing a Stratum corneum. PMID- 7342798 TI - [Regional histology of the epididymis in the South American opossum. Light microscope study]. AB - The opossum epididymis was subdivided into 7 histologically distinct zones. 2 zones are localized into the head (initial segment or zone I and zone II); 3 zones into the body (zones III, IV and V), and 2 zones into the tail (zones VI and VII). It was found that each zone could be readily distinguished on the basis of its histological and cytological features at optical microscopic level and primarily on the basis of the morphological appearance of the principle cells. PMID- 7342799 TI - Evidence for the presence of an additional allele in the F system of British Friesian cattle blood. AB - The antithetical relationship of the F and V alleles in British Friesian cattle was found to be imperfect. The presence of another allele was inferred. It was suspected of being native to the British Isles. Parentage records that contravened the assumption that F + V -- and F--V + animals were homozygous were not necessarily erroneous. Black and white cattle in the Netherlands have received semen from a bull carrying the allele. PMID- 7342800 TI - The location of structural difference between ovotransferrin types A and B in hens. AB - A comparison of ovotransferrin types A and B showed that in starch gel electrophoresis both types consisted of one major and one minor component. Both types have a similar amino acid composition as do the fragments from each type. Starch gel electrophoresis shows that the cause of the difference in the electrophoretic mobilities between ovotransferrin types A and B lies in the C terminal half of the molecule. No physiological difference was found between types A and B, both types donate iron to chicken embryo red cells at equal rate. PMID- 7342801 TI - Lymphocyte antigens in sheep. AB - This paper describes the detection of 13 lymphocyte antigens in sheep. The results obtained from family studies are consistent with the hypothesis that at least 12 antigens are under the control of a single genetic system. The distribution of antigens in the population suggests that the system contains two loci. The 13 antigens were compared with those previously reported. Only one additional specificity was found. PMID- 7342802 TI - Trends in heterozygosity in the process of producing inbred strains of Japanese quail. AB - Trends in heterozygosity in the process of producing inbred strains of Japanese quail were examined through the characterization of protein polymorphisms based on gene freqencies of 7 polymorphic loci. The average heterozygosity (Ho) at generation 1 was 0.472 and it decreased with increasing inbreeding coefficient (F) to 0.214 at generation 5 when F was 0.594. In all generations, the observed heterozygosities of the surviving families tended to be higher than those of the families that did not survive. The frequency of heterozygotes of the Es-4 locus in surviving families was higher than that of the extinct families in each generation and the difference became conspicuous in generation 4. These results suggest that a heterozygote advantage of Es-4 locus is revealed by inbreeding. PMID- 7342803 TI - The AB blood group system of cats. AB - Holmes (1950) and Eyquem, Podliachouk & Milot (1962) classified feline erythrocytes into two types according to their reactions with naturally occurring antibodies in cats' plasmas. Eyquem et al. (1962) designated the two antigens, A and B, and this nomenclature has been retained in the present study. The blood group system, AB, was investigated in more detail, both genetically and serologically. Frequencies of 73.3% A and 26.3% B were found in a survey of 1895 Brisbane cats and in addition, a new phenotype, AB, was discovered with a low incidence of 0.4%. The results of the serological testing and limited family information suggested that the AB phenotype is inherited and not due to blood chimaerism. Preliminary genetic studies indicated that the A gene is dominant to the B in the usual situation and hypotheses to explain the occurrence of the AB phenotype are discussed. The incidence of naturally occurring antibodies was investigated in cats, with 95% of blood type B having anti-A and only 35% of type A having anti-B. No subgroups of the A and B antigens were detected and no blood group substances were found in the salivas of 37 cats. There was no evidence of any serological relationship of the feline A and B antigens with the human ABO antigens. PMID- 7342804 TI - A new serum transferrin phenotype observed in Japanese Black cattle. PMID- 7342805 TI - Albumin polymorphism in Apulian cattle. PMID- 7342806 TI - Polymorphism of serum ceruloplasmin in Black-and-White cattle. PMID- 7342807 TI - Theoretical analysis of arterial hemodynamics including the influence of bifurcations. Part I: mathematical models and prediction of normal pulse patterns. PMID- 7342808 TI - Theoretical analysis of arterial hemodynamics including the influence of bifurcations. Part II: critical evaluation of theoretical model and comparison with noninvasive measurements of flow patterns in normal and pathological cases. PMID- 7342809 TI - Heat treatment of amalgam alloy versus creep of amalgam. PMID- 7342810 TI - [Laryngeal and laryngotracheal stenoses. Classification and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Results of treatment of 63 cases of laryngeal and laryngotracheal stenosis are presented and a classification of these lesions discussed. Two main types are distinguished: simple isolated stenoses (arytenoid, cricoid and tracheal) and compound stenoses (arytenocricoid, tracheocricoid, arytenotracheocricoid, arytenotracheal). Only arytenoid stenoses, those with an arytenoid component, or lesions associated with laryngeal paralysis provoke cord immobility. The arytenoid lesion therefore differentiates stenoses with fixed from those with mobile vocal cords. Treatment mainly involves adequate enlargement of the larynx and crico-tracheal resection, or a combination of these two techniques. Results were positive in 45 cases, insufficient in 5, and nil in 2 cases. Four patients were not seen again, one patient died, and 3 are still being treated. Three patients with successful results still retain a temporary tube while awaiting further therapy for another affection (esophageal stenosis). Results are analysed as a function of the site of the stenosis, the presence or absence of a tracheotomy, the technique employed, and whether previous treatment had been employed. Excluded from this report, which concerns 63 patients with laryngeal or laryngotracheal stenoses treated in the Hopital Laennec, Paris, were cases of pure tracheal stenosis treated by resection and tracheotracheal or cricotracheal anastomosis, and with healthy cricoids, and synechiae or anterior glottic (or anterior commissural) stenoses. They were either congenital, or iatrogenic following endoscopic surgical procedures in the glottic region. Also excluded were cases of stenosis where surgery was not indicated, as well as two patients with laryngeal stenosis, one due to an amyloid tumor and the other to Launois Bensaudes disease. PMID- 7342811 TI - [Partial vertical surgery of the larynx : results as a function of anesthesia and the employ of tracheotomy (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative course and complications were studied as a function of the type of anesthesia, and the employ of a tracheotomy tube and gauze drainage of the laryngeal cavity, following partial vertical surgery on the larynx of 238 patients. Findings demonstrated that a general anesthetic by intubation with total skin closure without tracheotomy and gauze drainage of the laryngeal cavity, reduced the incidence of local infections complications and the duration of hospitalization. Without insisting on the advantages of this type of anesthesia and the value of immediate suturing, the authors note that these simple techniques markedly reduce the hospitalization period at a time when emphasis is being placed on the economic impact of the duration of this period. PMID- 7342812 TI - [Reconstructive laryngectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The technique, indications, and results of the surgical operation known as reconstructive laryngectomy are described. The intervention involves the performance of a supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy with conservation of an arytenoid, followed by a cricohyoidopexy. This allows re-establishment of the triple function of the aerodigestive junction : phonatory, respiratory, and deglutition; a permanent tracheotomy thus not being necessary. Analysis of results of 103 operations of this type demonstrated that, when conducted under very precise conditions concerning the indications for surgery and the technique employed (conservation of recurrent nerve function of one side), the percentage of permanent tracheotomies following laryngectomy diminished from 72 to 33 p. cent. PMID- 7342813 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the external and middle ear (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied 109 primary carcinomas of the external and middle ear, considering that those in the auricle represented 93% of all cases, the external auditory canal 3,5% and middle ear also 3,5%. The clinical aspects were analysed as well as discussed the therapeutical indications, performed basic surgical technics and in particular, the sub-total resection of the temporal bone. The results obtained were presented in 86 determinant cases with follow-up for 5 or more years : (formula index). PMID- 7342814 TI - [Squamous-cell carcinoma of the uvula and the soft palate. Analysis of a series of 71 cases seen at the Fondation Bergonie from 1971 to 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - From January 1971 through december 1978, 71 patients with a squamous-cell carcinoma of the uvula and the soft palate have been seen at the Fondation Bergonie : 56 have been treated and followed. The primary tumor is often controlled by external radiation-therapy and/or interstitial therapy among the 12 failure observed, 5 were salvaged by a surgical procedure. The systematic irradiation of cervical lymph nodes areas allowed 94% of control, above the clavicles. However these good results in the loco-regional control are altered by a high rate of second primary and intercurrent death. PMID- 7342815 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic diagnosis in children neuroradiology. Report on 31 cases of maxillo-facial and cervical injuries between 1977 and 1981 (author's transl)]. AB - During the last 4 years, 31 infants (ranging from 4 months and half to 15 years of age) were angiographied for different head and neck pathologies. 20 of them were embolized, among which 11 did not received additional treatment, and are still followed by the neuroradiologist. 45 superselectives arteriographies by femoral approach were performed, no morbidity nor mortality was noted. The authors emphasize the need to pay attention to the advantages of this technique when realized in specialised centers. The vascular characters of a lesion is not necessary nor a sufficient sign to make it a good indication for an embolization procedure. Finally, the neuroradiologist can be considered as a diagnostic and therapeutic specialist, the most competent to indicate (or contra indicate) an endovascular approach in a given situation. PMID- 7342816 TI - [Provoking intranasal tests in frequent allergic rhinopathies (author's transl)]. AB - The intranasal test was made on 100 patients with possible allergy to house dust, house dust mite and fungi. The results of 64 patients could be discussed. Till now a nasal obstruction with arhinomanometric flow-volume diminution of 20% after application of allergene was considered as a positive provocation. This procedure seems to give too many false positive results. A new method to evaluate the rhinoma nometric results was elaborated. PMID- 7342817 TI - [Electromyographic study of the pharyngo-laryngeal muscles in Pickwick's disease (author's transl)]. AB - After a short recall of the Pickwick's disease. Authors study the obstructive Apnea phenomenon of the disease. Electromyographic record shows the disappearance of the muscular activity which is necessary to let open the aerian track. Tracheotomy avoid apnea without healing the disease. PMID- 7342818 TI - [Actuality of ambulatory anaesthesia in oto-rhino-laryngologic surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The ambulatory intervention in ORL surgery presents a certain amount of constraint : anaesthetic, surgical, medicolegal and socio-economic. In spite of the lack of medicolegal definition for ambulatory anaesthesia, these anaesthetic intervention may take place in conditions approaching the other anaesthetic intervention provided that some rules are respected. The authors propose a practical treaty for the ambulatory intervention ORL surgery and as an illustration to this presentation propose a sample of a hundred ambulatory interventions. PMID- 7342819 TI - [Derived potentials and the microcomputer (author's transl)]. AB - A method for conducting "brain stem early derived potentials" using an inexpensive microcomputer is described. This type of examination is, however, difficult to perform, and is not currently employed in clinical practice. The contribution offered by this data-processing system is emphasized. PMID- 7342820 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma in a median congenital cyst of the neck : a case report and literature review (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroglossal duct cyst, a common clinical entity, may undergo malignant change. The majority of such malignancies are capillary adenocarcinomas; squamous cell carcinomas are rare. Only 7 cases have been reported since 1950. The authors present a case of a 65 years old man who died 16 months after the tumor's discovery. PMID- 7342821 TI - Circulating antigens in ovine haemonchosis. AB - We have developed a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA), which allows the sensitive assay of Haemonchus contortus antigens. Using this test we have attempted to detect H. contortus circulating antigens in the serum, urine and milk of experimentally infected ewes. The results of this study indicate that circulating antigens may not be a general feature in ovine haemonchosis. PMID- 7342822 TI - [Sensibility of rabbits to treatment with ampicillin and gentamycin (author's transl)]. AB - Ampicillin administered to rabbits (20 mg/kg per day) over a period of three days subsequently provoked a death rate of 40%. No deaths were observed after treatment with gentamycin (10 mg/kg per day) or with a combination of ampicillin and gentamycin. On the fourth day weight loss in the three treated groups was 12%, 11% and 9%, respectively, compared to controls. At the same time food intake in the treated groups was only 15% to 20% of the amount consumed by controls. In the caecum, ampicillin treatment resulted in dominance of a strain of Enterobacter aerogenes. Gentamycin had no effect on bacterial flora, although in combination with ampicillin, the number of caecal bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) was reduced. Flora modification might be responsible for accumulation of NH3 and an unbalance of free acids. Caecotrophy was inhibited by administration of ampicillin. When administered intramuscularly, ampicillin produced results comparable with those obtained orally, although gentamycin was ineffective. PMID- 7342823 TI - [Probable conditioned prostaglandin deficiency in cows with ovarian cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Blood and ovaries have been collected monthly for one year from 1358 cows at the slaughter-house. 4.4% of the cows presented cystic follicle ovaries (follicle with a diameter greater than or equal to 25 mm) and 5.7% presented cystic corpus luteum (internal cavity with a diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm). Analysis of fatty acid composition of red blood cells lipids has shown that in cows with cystic follicles (P less than 0.001) and in cows with cystic corpus luteum (P less than 0.01), the proportions of omega 3 family polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than in normal cow. The sigma omega 3/ sigma omega 6 ratio was also higher (P less than 0.001) for cows with both types of ovarian cysts, particularly in spring, summer and autumn. An alimentary etiology of ovarian cysts pathogeny could be an increased intake of these fatty acids which are more abundant in young grass. The omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to be inhibitors of the synthesis of PgF2 alpha which is involved in ovulation and luteolysis. PMID- 7342824 TI - [Role of sodium ions in gastric absorption of calcium in ruminants (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of sodium ions on gastric absorption of calcium in ruminants was studied with regard to the accompanying anions. Bags made of the surviving mucous membrane of different compartments of bovine stomach were used for this purpose. The epithelial side of the mucous membrane always faced towards the inside of the bags. The bags were filled with a combined solution of a calcium salt (chloride, carbonate or phosphate) and sodium chloride. The concentration of calcium was always the same (10 mg/100 ml) while the concentration of sodium varied, amounting to 102.5, 205 and 1025 mg/100 ml. The external face of the bags was placed in Tyrode's solution. In general, calcium absorption became more and more intensive when the concentration of sodium in the contents increased, regardless of the solubility and dissociability of the calcium salt used. When chloride was the accompanying anion, this effect appeared in the rumen and omasum at a physiological concentration of sodium (205 mg/100 ml), and in the abomasum it appeared only at a concentration which widely exceeded the limits of the normal (1025 mg/100 ml). When either carbonate or phosphate were used for this purpose, this effect generally appeared at the highest concentration of sodium, and only in the abomasum, with phosphate as the accompanying anion, at a concentration of 205 mg/100 ml. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the presence of sodium ions in the contents stimulates gastric absorption of calcium, but the concentration of sodium at which this stimulative effect appears depends, at least to a certain degree, on the accompanying anion of calcium. The possibility of improving the absorption of calcium in the digestive tract of ruminants is discussed in view of the results obtained. PMID- 7342825 TI - In vivo effect of levamisole on responses of blood lymphocytes to mitogens in calf. AB - In vivo administration of levamisole in calf enhances the capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes to undergo blastic transformation in response to both phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. This effect is dose-dependent and persists at least five days. These results confirm that levamisole is efficient not only in immunodepressed but also in normal individual, and suggest that target cells susceptible to levamisole are different at systemic and local level. PMID- 7342826 TI - Kidney lesions from mycotoxins as observed by electron microscope. AB - A number of histopathological changes, such as cloudy swelling, fatty and parenchymatic degeneration and vacuolisation caused in kidney by mycotoxins from mouldy hay, were examined and studied with the aid of the electron microscope. Changes were observed in mitochondria, membranes, plasma granulation, glycogen secretion, vesiculation and vacuolisation. PMID- 7342827 TI - [Conditions of methemoglobine dosage in veterinary toxicology (author's transl)]. AB - Evolution of the percentage of methemoglobine in blood was studied to find a method of conserving samples. It is recommended that blood be frozen rapidly after sampling due to instability of the compound, and that this low temperature be maintained until analysis. Other processes have a limited effectiveness, namely dilutions in aqueous solution of NaCl (7%) or in phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) with hemolysis (saponine) and keeping at +4 degrees C. PMID- 7342828 TI - Feeding and growth hormone after cerebroventricular carbachol in sheep. PMID- 7342829 TI - Comparative bioavailability of levamisole in non lactating ewes and goats. AB - An original HPLC assay enabled the quantitation of levamisole in biological fluids of ewes (n = 4) and goats (n = 4). An open two compartment model showed the development of the drug in animals after oral (10 mg X kg -1) intramuscular (7.5), and subcutaneous (7.5) administrations by veterinary therapeutic forms. Greater efficiency was obtained in both species after intramuscular rather than subcutaneous or oral administrations. After intramuscular injection, levamisole levels in nasal secretion and saliva were five to 20 times higher than in plasma. Because of the high susceptibility of goats to levamisole, the subcutaneous route is preferred in this animal. PMID- 7342830 TI - Forestomach motility in adult sheep when reticular groove closure is provoked by copper sulphate solution. AB - Forestomach motility in adult sheep when reflex reticular groove closure is provoked by 10 ml of 10% copper sulphate solution was studied electromyographically. Rumen and omasum motility disappeared with the administration of the stimulant, while some muscular activity of the reticulum was always present but was manifested by monophasic, more frequent and weaker contractions than before stimulation; between these contractions very frequent small discharges appeared in the electromyogram from the reticulum. Cyclic activity of the forestomach reappeared 3 to 5 min later and returned gradually to normal. The functional significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7342831 TI - Immune response of sheep to Haemonchus contortus: serum antibodies against cross reacting antigens between parasites. AB - Normal and H. contortus infected sera were studied by ELISA technique against different stages of the parasites. In all cases antibody activity was detected. This activity in serum is partially eliminated after absorption with an adult worm extract of N brasiliensis. N. brasiliensis and H. contortus antigens were analysed by TCIEP with a rabbit anti-N. brasiliensis serum to examine shared antigens of H. contortus. A minimum of seven cross reacting antigens were detected. H. contortus adult worm extract was absorbed by the rabbit anti-N. brasiliensis serum. After absorption all cross reacting antigens were removed but at least one antigen reacting with a rabbit serum anti-H. Contortus is maintained. When this antigen is tested in elisa technique only a weak antibody activity is found in normal serum. PMID- 7342832 TI - [Choice of antiseptics for use in footbaths for cattle (author's transl)]. AB - Eight antiseptics to be used in footbaths for cattle, were compared : formol, cuprum sulphate, formol associated with cuprum sulphate, Javel water, Cresyl and some other products more recently introduced into practice. For each one, evolution of antibacterial activity connected with utilization on animals, moistening power and possible injury caused were observed. The best results have been obtained with formol, formol associated with cuprum sulphate and Cresyl which have exhibited persistent high level antibacterial activity without related injury in spite of numerous applications. On the other hand, weak organic matter resistance which seems to characterize Javel water, synthetic phenols, amphoteric amino acids and iodophores makes them unsuitable for use in footbaths. PMID- 7342834 TI - Coccidia parasitism increases resistance of mice to subcutaneous inoculation with Salmonella abortus ovis. AB - Resistance of outbred mice to subcutaneous challenge with S. abortus ovis was increased when previously or simultaneously parasitized with Eimeria Falciformis. This was measured by mortality rates and levels of splenic infection induced by Salmonella in parasitized and control NMRI or CD-1 (CR) mice. No effect was observed when E. falciformis was inoculated after S. abortus ovis. PMID- 7342833 TI - Albendazole : a comparison of relay embryotoxicity with embryotoxicity of individual metabolites. AB - By using an experimental model compound (Albendazole, an anthelmintic) the authors compared two methodologies for the toxicological evaluation of bovine hepatic residues. Toxicity was not demonstrated for bovine hepatic residues in a relay embryotoxicity study in the rat. On the other hand, both albendazole and its sulfoxide metabolite produce embryotoxic effects in this rat model. These different results are discussed and explained by considerations related to the no effect levels and the chemical nature of the different types of residues. PMID- 7342835 TI - [Immune response in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, Comparative study in male and female (author's transl)]. AB - Merino breed sheep eight months old at the beginning of the experiment and carriers of hemaglobin A were used. They were infected one or more times with H. contortus larvae and then challenged with 500 or 5000 larvae L3. Self-cure was reproduced and animals were found immune after infectation. Self-cure was more evident in females than in males and immunity was also better and appeared earlier in females than in males. PMID- 7342838 TI - [General schema for safety evaluation of residues of embryotoxic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Concerned with adapting the withdrawal time to real risks attributed to residues, the authors present a general schema of evaluation based on the metabolism toxicity relationship. This schema takes into account: a) possible distinction between potentially toxic and atoxic metabolites for extractable residues, b) the more or less large biovailability of residues, c) the methodological evaluation difficulties of toxicity of bound residues. Without neglecting public health, this procedure leads to less constrained restrictions in use of veterinary drugs. PMID- 7342837 TI - Forecasting of bovine abomasal worm burden by means of serum pepsinogen measurement. Study on suckling calves and heifers in first and second grazing season. PMID- 7342836 TI - [Microscopic and ultramicroscopic lesions from experimental mycoplasma infection in respiratory tract of chickens. Possible difference between pathogenic and non pathogenic strains (author's transl)]. AB - For three weeks after experimental infection of trachea and scroll bone with Mycoplasma gallisepticum no lesions were detected in scroll bone, but only an abundant mucous secretion. Mycoplasmas were present and adhered to cilia of epithelial cells. In trachea an almost complete destruction of cilia was observed allowing swollen epithelial cells to appear with mycoplasmas adhering to villi. Strain W31 serotype C caused no lesions but cells and cilia were covered with a thick layer of mucous. PMID- 7342839 TI - Symposium on plasma substitutes, volume replacement and hemodilution. PMID- 7342840 TI - Red cell concentrates and other blood products. AB - The expenses of blood therapy make up approximately one third of all drug expenses in Finnish hospitals. In large hospitals (university hospitals, central hospitals and large municipal hospitals) more than half of the blood is used for surgical patients. In Turku University Central Hospital surgical blood therapy has been designed and developed with the close cooperation of the haematologists with clinicians. Since 1975 the principles of blood component therapy have been applied in surgery. The share of red cell concentrates has increased to 21.9% of all blood transfusions during the four-year period 1975-1978 but this development was not associated with a concomitant increase in the use of plasma products. The use of fresh blood had decreased markedly to 10.9% of all transfusions in 1978 and the use of platelet concentrates has been restricted to the therapy of thrombocytopenic patients with life threatening bleeding. The present day surgical blood therapy in Turku University Central Hospital can be considered appropriate - even though not yet ideal - from both medical and haematological and economical points of view. PMID- 7342841 TI - Component therapy of surgical hemorrhage: red cells, plasma substitutes and albumin. PMID- 7342842 TI - Oxygen transportation in the blood. AB - The most important determinants of the overall O2 delivery to tissues are the cardiac output and the arteriovenous O2 content difference. The latter is influenced mainly by the haemoglobin concentration, arterial haemoglobin O2 saturation and venous haemoglobin O2 saturation. Also the O2 tension has a minor contribution. The venous haemoglobin O2 saturation decreases, without a concomitant, potentially detrimental decrease in the venous blood O2 tension, when the haemoglobin O2 affinity decreases as a consequence of e.g. decreased pH or increased PCO2 (Bohr effect) increased temperature and increased red cell 2,3 DPG. This effect allows greater O2 extraction from the blood by tissues. The changes in the haemoglobin O2 affinity are compensated in physiological conditions by changes in the cardiac output and in the venous O2 tension. If, however, in a situation of limited tissue O2 supply these mechanisms are used up or severely compromised the haemoglobin O2 affinity becomes an important determinant of the O2 delivery to tissues. PMID- 7342843 TI - Hemodilution, oxygen consumption, and recovery from surgical shock. --A study on the efficacy of different plasma substitutes. AB - The present experiments compare the relative effectiveness of several plasma substitutes to reverse a standardized intestinal ischemic shock in dogs and rats. The colloids were given 3.5% solutions in a dose of 1.5 g/kg = 43 ml/kg for dogs and 2 g/kg = 57 ml/kg for rats.. Ringer's solution was given in a three times larger volume. Colloids of 3.5%, 6%, and 10% concentrations and Ringer's acetate were also given in increasing volumes for a test of the dose, concentration, and volume relationships. Ringer's solution was effective during rapid infusion and for about 30 minutes after the infusion. Gelatin and ACD-plasma was of corresponding effectiveness for 2 hours. Albumin and dextran solutions maintained plasma volume, oxygen consumption for at least 4 hours after the infusion. Colloids were more effective than Ringer's solution at corresponding volumes, and even when three times larger volumes of the latter was given. Colloids of 3.5 and 6% were more effective than a 10% colloid solution. These effects were related to the molecular weight distribution for colloids, the plasma volume expansion duration and their red blood cell aggregation properties. It is concluded that as single infusions albumin, dextran 40, and dextran 70 are superior to ACD plasma, gelatin, and Ringer's acetate in restoring hemodynamic and metabolic functions and in improving survival rate. PMID- 7342844 TI - Colloids versus crystalloids as volume substitutes: clinical relevance of the serum oncotic pressure. AB - With some amplifications, Starling's concept of the serum colloid osmotic or oncotic pressure as the determinant of fluid partition between the intravascular and the interstitial compartment has been confirmed by modern physiological research. The relationship between serum oncotic pressure and interstitial edema is non-linear, i.e. edema becomes progressively greater per mm decrease of the oncotic pressure. The intravascular volume effect of crystalloids is inseparable from interstitial edema, because it depends on an expansion of the interstitium which increases the hydrostatic pressure in that compartment sufficiently to compensate for a lowered capillary oncotic pressure. With large crystalloid fluid loads, about 90% of the total edema accumulates in skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and the skin. The skin is particularly susceptible to the development of edema associated with a hypoproteinemic fluid overload, presumably because its extracellular space is three times larger than the average whole-body value. The intestine also shows a marked reaction to a hypoproteinemic fluid overload. There is evidence for a pathogenetic significance of hypoproteinemic edema in the myocardium, the intestine, and the skin. To rid a patient of this type of edema, concentrated albumin is indispensable, and its effects are demonstrable in the above-mentioned tissues, whereas a diuretic alone is ineffective. The therapeutic implications of these mechanisms and findings are discussed. In the lung, fluid exchange and distribution between the intravascular and the interstitial compartment is influenced by additional factors, and opinions on the use of colloids versus crystalloids continue to differ, particularly with respect to those circumstances where capillary permeability is presumably or demonstrably abnormal. However, the weight of the evidence still favours the concept that in patients with a much greater than respiratory distress syndromes much greater than, the serum oncotic pressure should at any rate not be permitted to drop below a certain critical level. A condensed review of these complex and as yet incompletely clarified problems is presented. PMID- 7342845 TI - Hemodynamic changes during acutely induced hemodilution. PMID- 7342846 TI - Oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation during moderate normovolemic hemodilution. PMID- 7342847 TI - Haemodilution in open-heart surgery. PMID- 7342848 TI - Normovolemic hemodilution in peripheral arterial disease. AB - In 25 patients with arterial occlusive disease in clinical stage IV (Fontaine) a normovolemic hemodilution to an average hematocrit of 0.31 +/- 0.02 was performed. Eighteen patients had peripheral ulcers of the lower limbs and three had ulcers of the upper limbs. Four patients had lesions of both hands and feet. The average age of the patients was 43. Hemodilution was achieved by repeated withdrawals of approximately 500 ml of blood, followed by reinfusion of the autologous plasma and infusion of low-molecular weight dextran solution to avoid hypovolemia. In all patients with peripheral ulcers of the upper limbs, a good to a very good clinical effect was obtained. The healing tendency of lesions on the feet and toes were less marked and depended basically on the total number of vascular impediments. The rheological and hemodynamic basis of the therapeutic effect of hemodilution and the preliminary criteria for indicating this therapy are discussed. PMID- 7342849 TI - On determining the parental origins of homologous chromosomes. PMID- 7342850 TI - Reactivity of tumor-infiltrating, blood, spleen and lymph node lymphocytes against syngeneic glioma target cells. AB - Brain tumors were induced in inbred Fischer rats (F344) by administration of methylnitrosourea in the drinking water. One of the induced tumors, a pleomorphic glioma (78-219), was established in vitro and propagated as 78FR-G-219 permanent cell line. The tumorigenicity of the established line was investigated by intracerebral or subcutaneous inoculation of 1X10 (6) - 10X10(6) cells. Lymphocytes infiltrating secondary tumors (TIL) were enriched by a single step centrifugation on different discontinuous Percoll density gradients, while blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphocytes from spleen and lymph node (SL and LNL) were enriched by Ficoll - Isopaque flotation. The reactivity spectrum of the isolated lymphocytes raised against cultured 78FR-G-219 cells was monitored by means of two different assays: Lymphocyte microcytotoxicity test (LMC) and colony inhibition assay (CIA). Reactivity of PBL, SL and LNL of glioma-bearing animals was clearly reduced, while TIL showed no natural killer (NK) activity, no cytotoxicity against syngeneic 78FR-G-219 pleomorphic glioma cells and no colony inhibition in mixed lymphocyte/target cell cocultivation. NK activity of TIL was only slightly reduced against target cells of a non-cross-reacting syngeneic astrocytoma line (78FR-G-299). PMID- 7342851 TI - Growth inhibition of malignant hypernephroma cells by autologous lysophospholipid incubated macrophages obtained by a new method. AB - In order to obtain pure human macrophages, mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were cultured on teflon membranes and the non-adherent lymphocytes removed. After 24 hours, all remaining adherent cells were detached from the membranes with 100% viability. They showed all the morphological and cytochemical characteristics of human monocytes. Within 10 days of cultivation they differentiated into monolayers of pure macrophages. Untreated macrophages of this origin showed only limited cytostatic effects on autologous hypernephroma cells in vitro. After preincubation with different alkyl-lysophospholipids they revealed a tumor growth inhibition capability of up to 90%. PMID- 7342852 TI - Influence of tranexamic acid on tumour blood flow. AB - The influence on the intratumour blood flow distribution in a transplantable rat sarcoma by a potent antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid, administered intraperitoneally for 3 or 10 days was studied by the intratumour distribution of intravenously injected 86Rb. A local Xenon clearance technique was used to study the direct effect of tranexamic acid on local tumour blood flow. local tumour blood flow and the intratumour blood flow distribution after administration of tranexamic acid for 3 days were unchanged compared to controls. Prolonged administration of tranexamic acid changed the intratumour blood flow distribution significantly towards low flow values. This might be one mechanism behind the inhibiting effect of tranexamic acid in tumour growth rate, previously observed in both experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 7342853 TI - Comparison of cytotoxic action of iphosphamide and cyclophosphamide. AB - We compared the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide on normal hematopoietic colony-forming units (NCFU) and L1210 leukemia colony-forming units (LCFU), using the quantitative spleen colony assay. Cyclophosphamide was more cytotoxic for NCFU than iphosphamide, but both agents had a similar cytotoxic effect on LCFU survival, whether given as a single injection or a 24-hour infusion. Although both agents were less cytotoxic for LCFU when administered in 24-hour infusions, host toxicity indicated that correspondingly larger doses of each agent could be given by infusion. The two agents also exhibited very similar cell-killing kinetics. PMID- 7342854 TI - Circulating immune complexes in carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Circulating immune complexes were detected by the Clq binding assay in 45% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. 75% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 60% of patients with sclerosing cholangitis. The immune complexes present in most sera from these three groups were not reactive in the Raji cell radioimmune assay or monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay for soluble immune complexes. Thus, it was not possible to differentiate among these diseases on the basis of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7342855 TI - Unusual sites of lung tumor metastases in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. AB - Three male control B6C3F1 mice, one male and one female F344 rat were found to have lung tumours with unusual sites of distant metastases. The neoplasms spread to the regional lymph nodes, left heart, kidney, prostate and testes. One mouse showed metastases to the brain. Each had a metastasizing lung tumor in the medulla and cortex of the right adrenal gland and one neoplasm had spread to the heart, pancreas and kidney. PMID- 7342857 TI - [Surgical treatment of divergent strabismus]. PMID- 7342856 TI - [Non-surgical treatment of divergent strabismus]. PMID- 7342859 TI - [Non-surgical treatment of convergent strabismus]. PMID- 7342858 TI - [Clinical forms of functional amblyopia and principles of their treatment]. PMID- 7342860 TI - [Surgical treatment of convergent strabismus]. PMID- 7342861 TI - [The alphabetic syndromes. Their influence on the operative correction of esotropia]. PMID- 7342862 TI - [Non-accomodative variable strabismus]. PMID- 7342863 TI - [Diplopia with strabismus]. PMID- 7342864 TI - [Automatic refraction]. PMID- 7342865 TI - [General anesthesia in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7342866 TI - [Treatment of strabismic amblyopia]. PMID- 7342867 TI - [The installation of a young ophthalmologist. (Practice management and contracts]. PMID- 7342868 TI - [The installation of the ophthalmologist. (Demographic aspects)]. PMID- 7342869 TI - [Financing the installation of a young ophthalmologist]. PMID- 7342870 TI - [Accounting in the medical office of the young ophthalmologist]. PMID- 7342871 TI - [Fiscal problems: deduction of professional expenses; partnership management agreements]. PMID- 7342872 TI - [Organized medical bodies and paramedical personnel]. PMID- 7342873 TI - [The physical organization of the medical office]. PMID- 7342874 TI - [The foresight of medicine]. PMID- 7342875 TI - [Genetic counseling and poor-sighted children]. PMID- 7342876 TI - [Why test for retinal correspondence?]. PMID- 7342877 TI - Concentrations of kanamycin and amikacin in human gallbladder bile and wall. AB - The concentrations of amikacin and kanamycin were determined in the serum, gallbladder bile, and gallbladder wall of 20 patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Of 20 patients, 14 received 500 mg of amikacin intramuscularly and 6 received 500 mg of kanamycin intramuscularly at various times before surgery. In patients receiving kanamycin, detectable levels appeared in bile within 90 min after drug administration, and in five of six patients concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 23 micrograms/ml. Levels of kanamycin in gallbladder wall ranged from 8.0 to 14 micrograms/g. In patients receiving amikacin, detectable levels appeared in bile within 48 min after drug administration and ranged from 1.3 to 7.5 micrograms/ml in 12 of 14 patients. Levels of amikacin in gallbladder wall ranged from 4.7 to 34 micrograms/g. The presence of an obstructed cystic duct did not preclude the entry of either antibiotic into gallbladder bile, and this may reflect passage of antibiotic through the gallbladder wall rather than accumulation via bile secretion. PMID- 7342878 TI - Failure of probenecid to alter the pharmacokinetics of ceforanide. AB - This investigation evaluated the effect of probenecid on ceforanide concentrations in eight healthy volunteers. Each volunteer was given 1 or 2 g of ceforanide either alone or with 1 g of probenecid. Concentrations of ceforanide in plasma, urine, and saliva were then measured. Probenecid did not alter the plasma concentrations of ceforanide, nor did it affect the urinary excretion of this agent. Ceforanide was not secreted into saliva in any detectable amount either when administered alone or with probenecid. It is not clear why probenecid has a negligible effect on ceforanide concentrations in plasma. It may be that tubular secretion plays less of a role in the excretion of ceforanide than expected, or that the physical properties of ceforanide prevent probenecid from affecting its excretion. PMID- 7342879 TI - Bacteriocin and hemolysin from Streptococcus faecium. AB - The bacteriocin and hemolysin produced by a Streptococcus faecium strain were partially separated after gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA-22. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was approximately 300,000, and that of hemolysin was 220,000. Non bacteriocinogenic mutants retained the hemolytic activity. Production of hemolysin required glucose, whereas that of bacteriocin did not. PMID- 7342880 TI - Effects of adenosine monophosphate on the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections of mice. AB - Adenosine monophosphate pretreatment of mice with latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections significantly reduced the rate of reactivation of latent virus. Adenosine monophosphate pretreatment did not, however, eradicate latent virus. PMID- 7342881 TI - The nitrogen requirements of Gluconobacter, Acetobacter and Frateuria. AB - The nitrogen requirements of 96 Gluconobacter, 55 Acetobacter and 7 Frateuria strains were examined. Only some Frateuria strains were able to grow on 0.5% yeast extract broth or 0.5% peptone broth. In the presence of D-glucose or D mannitol as a carbon source, ammonium was used as the sole source of nitrogen by all three genera. With ethanol, only a few Acetobacter strains grew on ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. Single L-amino acids cannot serve as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth of Gluconobacter, Acetobacter or Frateuria. The single L-amino acids which were used by most strains as a sole nitrogen source for growth are: asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline and alanine. Some Acetobacter and Gluconobacter strains deaminated alanine, asparagine, glutamic acid, threonine, serine and proline. No Frateuria strain was able to develop on cysteine, glycine, threonine or tryptophan as a sole source of nitrogen for growth. An inhibitory effect of valine may explain the absence of growth on this amino acid. No amino acid is "essential" for Gluconobacter, Acetobacter or Frateuria. PMID- 7342882 TI - Hyphozyma, a new genus of yeast-like Hyphomycetes. PMID- 7342883 TI - Dimorphic behaviour and taxonomy of Trichosporiella sporotrichoides. AB - Three strains of Trichosporiella sporotrichoides van Oorschot showed divergent reactions to suspension plating. A comparison was made with other yeast-like fungi and some descriptive terms were redefined or introduced. Strain CBS 671.74 developed the same hyphae with lateral conidia as in streak cultures. Strain CBS 577.77 showed initial-stage budding eventually giving rise to hyphae with lateral conidia. CBS 152.76 showed phenotypic segregation with suspension plating and an additional pseudomycelial form in liquid culture. Further differences between the strains were found in carbohydrate composition of cells, ultrastructure of cell walls and in growth patterns on various sugars. Two strains with basidiomycetous affinities are reclassified in the genus Trichosporon. A third strain with ascomycetous affinities is redescribed as Trichosporiella ornithopoda spec. nov. PMID- 7342884 TI - A new species of Sporothrix from calf skin. PMID- 7342885 TI - [Response of the normal kidney challenged with acid and alkaline overload]. PMID- 7342886 TI - [Lasers in urology]. PMID- 7342887 TI - [Vesico-uterine fistulas]. PMID- 7342888 TI - [Urinary hospital infections. Evolutionary study over 4 years]. PMID- 7342889 TI - [Effect of lithiasis on the epithelium of the urinary tract]. PMID- 7342890 TI - [Multifactorial analysis of 100 TURs of bladder tumors]. PMID- 7342891 TI - [Efficacy of oxamniquine in Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis in Madagascar in a hospital milieu]. PMID- 7342892 TI - [Therapy of Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis with RP. 35972 (Oltipraz). Preliminary results of initial therapy in Madagascar]. PMID- 7342893 TI - [Comparative titers of anti-variola vaccine on 2 cellular systems: K.B. and P.S]. PMID- 7342894 TI - [Surveillance of influenza in Tananarive in the year 1979. Isolation of viruses A/USSR and A/Brazil - (H1 N1)]. PMID- 7342895 TI - [Poliomyelitis syndromes in Madagascar seen at the Laboratory of Virology 1978 1979. Epidemiologic and prophylactic data]. PMID- 7342896 TI - [Arbovirus program of the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar: current status]. PMID- 7342897 TI - [Amount of fluoride in the teeth of the inhabitants of the high plateaus of Madagascar]. PMID- 7342898 TI - [Isolation of 174 strains of Serratia in a hospital milieu]. PMID- 7342900 TI - [Evolution of Salmonella typhi lysotypes in Madagascar from 1970 to 1979. Appearance of lysotype T]. PMID- 7342899 TI - [Isolation of 367 strains of Shigella in Madagascar. Data on the antibiogram]. PMID- 7342901 TI - [Chromomycosis in Madagascar. Epidemiological data on the most important reservoir currently known in the world (apropos of 891 cases diagnosed from 1955 to 1978)]. PMID- 7342902 TI - [Study of a recent reservoir of intestinal bilharziasis in Madagascar - Lake Itasy (malacology-ecology-parasitology)]. PMID- 7342903 TI - [Pleural tumors: diagnostic considerations of 54 cases]. PMID- 7342904 TI - [Importance of preventing retrobulbar optic neuropathy from ethambutol by the determination of zinc in the blood and by the Farnsworth test of color sense]. PMID- 7342906 TI - [Peculiarities of energy-transforming reactions in bull spermatozoa and their relation to vitality]. PMID- 7342905 TI - [Light-dependent morphological changes in the pineal body and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in calves]. PMID- 7342907 TI - [Enzyme activities in 100- and 180-day-old boars with special reference to creatine kinase and genetic construction]. PMID- 7342908 TI - [Hemorrhagic necrotizing pleuropneumonia in swine caused by Actinobacilli]. PMID- 7342909 TI - [Various constituents and trace elements in blood plasma of boars]. PMID- 7342910 TI - [Isolation of bovine syncytial virus in East Germany]. PMID- 7342911 TI - [Effect of a single application of progesterone during early pregnancy on the fertility of gilts of different live weights]. PMID- 7342912 TI - [Modification of embryonal mortality in swine by the administration of sexual agents in early pregnancy]. PMID- 7342913 TI - [Cellular spectrum of bovine syncytial virus]. PMID- 7342914 TI - [Suppressive effect of protein antigen-containing liposomes on IgE antibody in the mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342915 TI - [Comparison of the severity of asthmatic symptoms with that of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in asthmatic children. 1. An investigation using a bicycle ergometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342916 TI - [Circulating complexed IgE of immunological diseases in infants and children. Part 1. circulating complexed IgE in anaphylactoid purpura and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (author's transl]. PMID- 7342917 TI - [Comparison of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) with bicycle ergometer and swimming (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342918 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative examination of exercise for assessing exercise induced asthma in clinical practice. Part 1. Treadmill exercise test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342919 TI - [A study of exercise tolerance tests for asthmatic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342920 TI - [Change of bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine in asthma after the treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342921 TI - An Australian choroidal melanoma survey. Factors affecting survival following enucleation. AB - This study is based on a computer-assisted analysis 484 enucleated malignant melanomas of the choroid from The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne. The following factors which might influence survival were analysed; the sex and age of the patient, the interval between presentation for medical opinion and enucleation, the size of the melanoma and its position in the eye, the cell type of the melanoma and the presence of extraocular extension. From this analysis it was found that: 1) The overall 15-year relative survival rate following enucleation was 75%. 2) the survival curve flattened out at six years after enucleation indicating relatively few melanoma-related deaths for the remainder of the 15-year period. 3) there was no increase in death rate at 2 years after enucleation. 4) considering only melanoma-related deaths, increasing age is a strongly depressing influence on survival after enucleation, the 15-year relative survival being 80% for those less than age 40 and only 30% for patients aged 70 and over. 5) submacular melanomas had a very good prognosis for patient survival due in part to their small size and benign cytology. 6) extension into a scleral emissary appeared to exert an unexpectedly depressing effect on prognosis. 7) as in other published series, small melanomas tended to have a good prognosis, and survival rates diminished with increasing size. 8) there was possibility, to be further explored, that ciliary body melanomas may over all have a worse prognosis than melanomas of the choroid. PMID- 7342922 TI - Morning Glory Syndrome: a report of two cases. PMID- 7342923 TI - Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic neoplasia: a review and report of 11 cases. PMID- 7342924 TI - Vitrectomy techniques in the management of traction retinal detachments. PMID- 7342925 TI - Blindness in New South Wales. An estimate of the prevalence and some of the contributing causes. AB - The information available on the prevalence of blindness in Australia is examined in an attempt to estimate the number of blind people in New South Wales. Records of the causes of blindness made by the authors at the Royal Blind Society's Low Vision Clinic are then examined to estimate their relative significance. There are at least seven thousand people blind, out of a total population of 5,145,900. Macula pathology contributes 37.2% and 81.5% of those affected are over 60 years old. Diabetes is responsible for approximately 10%. Genetically determined disease causes 25% between ages 16 and 60 years. If blindness is to be prevented, a more detailed analysis of causes will be needed. This could be obtained by examination and coding of the records for Disability (Blind) Pensions at the Department of Social Security. Blindness in Aboriginals is not discussed. PMID- 7342926 TI - Immediate ambulation after planned extra-capsular cataract extraction and implant of intra-ocular lens. AB - Day-case or outpatient cataract surgery has been reported many times over the past thirty years or so and the modern micro-surgical techniques were deemed safe enough to allow immediate ambulation and return to the home environment even with the additional step of an intra-ocular lens provided the lens were of the type designed for positive fixation. The trend also toward the planned extra-capsular method of cataract removal was thought to be a further safeguard to the patient, particularly the elderly age-group of patients for whom implants are strongly indicated and for whom also early ambulation and avoidance of general anaesthesia are important in reduction of morbidity. Consequently, a study began in November, 1976, to follow those patients who had the indication and the desire to have their implant surgery on a Day-case basis and this presentation gives the results on 100 cases collected over the 3 1/2 year period. Local anaesthesia was used in all cases and planned extra-capsular surgery was performed with irrigating micro instruments. Irido-capsular lenses of Binkhorst design were used mostly and the visual results, low complication rate and patient satisfaction appear equal to reports of similar series on In-patient cases. PMID- 7342927 TI - The necessity of axial length A scan in intraocular lens power estimation. PMID- 7342928 TI - The Sturge-Weber syndrome. Encephalofacial angiomatosis - report of a case. PMID- 7342929 TI - "Feeding characteristics in demodectic mites of the eyelid". PMID- 7342930 TI - Wide angle attachment for fundus cameras. PMID- 7342931 TI - Unilateral pseudo-exfoliation, ocular hypertension and the cup disc ratio. PMID- 7342932 TI - A survey of pet owner views of veterinarians in Brisbane environs - a behavioral approach. AB - Three hundred and thirty-seven pet owners were interviewed by final-year veterinary students from the University of Queensland, using a questionnaire prepared by the authors. The survey area included Brisbane city and suburbs and was conducted in 1977. The majority of respondents (52.5%) reported that the pets were owned by the family, while 24.6% claimed that pets were owned by individual adults only. Dogs and cats were the most popular pets. Of the respondents sampled, 51% changed their veterinarian while 46% reported that they had not changed their veterinarian. Satisfaction with the service, nearness of the service and personal liking were the major reasons for continuing to use the same veterinary surgeon. Nearly 40% of respondents used the veterinary service on the basis of recommendation of friends, relatives and other people who owned similar types of pets. According to the respondents, major qualities for a good veterinarian are: competence and knowledge (86.9%), compassion for animals (61.7%), professional approach (which includes good listening and explanation, the instillation of confidence, integrity and appearance) (57.4%), regard for owners and their feelings (46.3%), good surgery conditions (14.2%) and reasonable fees (12.8%). While professional competence was reported as one of the important qualities of a good veterinary service, the majority (51%) of them disagreed with the statement that professional competence is the only thing that matters in the care of pets and many other social and interpersonal factors influenced their attitude towards the veterinary service. The application of behavioural sciences to the veterinary profession is discussed. PMID- 7342933 TI - beta-Mannosidase deficiency in Anglo Nubian goats. AB - Two newly-born Anglo Nubian kids with clinical evidence of a severe neurological condition were examined. Pathological examination revealed cytoplasmic vacuolation in neural tissue and in localized areas in the kidney, pancreas and lymphoid tissue. Biochemical investigations demonstrated a deficiency of beta mannosidase in tissues and blood serum. PMID- 7342934 TI - Femoral fractures in pigs associated with calcium deficiency. PMID- 7342935 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry carcases. AB - Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 94% of chicken carcase rinses collected in a Queensland poultry abattoir. Direct plating resulted in the isolation of the organism from 84% of the rinses. A further 10% were found to contain C. jejuni by a procedure of selective enrichment and membrane filtration. Counts of C. jejuni on the carcases ranged from 0 to 1.1 x 10(5) organisms per carcase. PMID- 7342936 TI - Treatment of hygromata in horses. AB - A surgical technique of open drainage, using penrose drains and pressure bandages, was used for the treatment of hygromata in four horses. In 3 cases with hygroma of the carpus, one with a secondary infection, there was complete resolution of the condition whereas in the one case with hygroma of the elbow resolution was more protracted because of difficulties in bandaging. The cosmetic and functional results after operation were most satisfactory. PMID- 7342937 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from cats with conjunctivitis. AB - Chlamydia psittaci was repeatedly demonstrated in stained smears of conjunctival scrapings from a group of cats in a single household and in 5 instances the organism was isolated by yolk sac inoculation of 6-day-old pathogen free, embryonated hen eggs. Thirteen of 15 cats in the cattery developed conjunctivitis at various times over a 9-month period. The outstanding features of the disease were its severity, chronicity and refractoriness to treatment. Prolonged (2 week) treatment with tetracycline was required to effect clinical recovery. Nine of 14 cats in the household developed significant complement-fixing (CF) antibody titres (greater than 128) to the chlamydia group antigen. A single serum from the owner had a titre of 32 although no associated illness was recognized. Of 134 serums collected from random source cats aged 1 month to 16 years, 17 (12.7%) also contained CF antibody to chlamydia group antigen. This is the first report of the isolation of chlamydia from cats with conjunctivitis outside North America and the first report to indicate general incidence figures for chlamydia infection of cats where vaccination is not used. PMID- 7342938 TI - Isolation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from an aborted equine foetus. PMID- 7342939 TI - Water deprivation in agisted cattle. PMID- 7342941 TI - Persistence of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in soil. PMID- 7342940 TI - Streptobacillus moniliformis septicaemia in spinifex hopping mice (Notomys alexis) PMID- 7342942 TI - A survey for resistance in cattle ticks to acaricides. AB - A survey was made from late 1976 to late 1977 to determine the extent of resistance to acaricides in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Queensland. Questionnaires and requests for samples of ticks were forwarded to more than 900 randomly selected stock owners in the tick infested area which had been divided into 4 regions. Far North, Coastal North, Coastal Cental and South East. The response measured by the number of tick samples tested was 43%. The prevalence of resistance to organophosphorus (OP) compounds was highest in South East where 96% of the farms had OP-resistant ticks and 95% had the Biarra strain and lowest in Far North where 12% of the farms had OP-resistant ticks and 10% had the Biarra strain which was the predominant one in all regions. The highest percentages of the Ridgelands strain (35%) and the Tully strain (30%) occurred in Coastal North. The South East had the highest percentage of Mt Alford (30%). Although chlorinated hydrocarbons were banned for use in control of ticks in 1962, 49% of the farms in South East had some ticks resistant to dieldrin but in Far North it was only 2%. DDT-resistant ticks, which because of cross resistance to synthetic pyrethroids will affect the future use of this group, were present on 8% of the farms in both Coastal North and Coastal Central and 3% in South East and Far North. No resistance to the amidines, chlordimeform, chloromethiuron or amitraz was found. PMID- 7342943 TI - Observations on fibre diameter variation of sheep in relation to fleece-rot and body strike susceptibility. AB - A comparative study of various fleece properties known to influence fleece-rot susceptibility was made in a merino flock consisting of sheep which were found to be either resistant or susceptible to fleece-rot and body strike following heavy rains. The fleece properties measured were fibre diameter, fibre diameter, fibre diameter variation, wax content, suint content, wax to suint ratio, suint pH, insoluble nitrogen content, wool colour and wettability. Fibre diameter variation, due mainly to the presence of coarse, secondary fibres in the staple, was the only fleece property which differed significantly (p less than 0.001) between resistant and susceptible animals. The coefficient of variation of fibre diameter was lowered from a mean value of 22.7 +/- 0.3% in susceptible sheep to 20.0 +/- 0.3% in resistant sheep. A causal relationship between high fibre diameter variation and fleece-rot susceptibility is suggested. Sheep with irregular fibre size may retain free moisture in the fleece for longer, and thereby become more susceptible to fleece-rot than sheep with uniform fibre diameter, other predisposing factors being equal. PMID- 7342944 TI - Treatment of equine phycomycosis by immunotherapy and surgery. AB - Treatment of equine phycomycosis with a vaccine derived from ultrasonicated hyphae of Hyphomyces destruens was attempted in 30 cases of clinical hyphomycosis, 10 cases of hyphomycosis following unsuccessful surgery and 5 cases of basidiobolomycosis. Approximately 53% of animals with clinical hyphomycosis were cured after vaccination, while a further 33% clinically improved. All horses with hyphomycosis treated within 2 weeks of unsuccessful surgery were cured. There was no response to vaccination with a Hyphomyces preparation in horses with basidiobolomyucosis, while surgery alone resulted in a cure of approximately 69%. Animals tolerated the vaccination procedures well. In all cases there was a moderate to severe reaction at the site of subcutaneous injection which subsided within 96 hours. In approximately 30% of injections a sterile abscess formed at the site but responded promptly to treatment. Response to vaccination at the site of the lesion was observed within 7 to 10 days of first injection. There was progressive reduction of pruritus, drying of the surface of the lesion, expulsion of kunkers, fibrosis of the granuloma, and eventually complete epithelialisation. PMID- 7342945 TI - Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in a kid goat. AB - A 2-week-old Angora kid goat developed diarrhoea and was treated with parenterally administered antibiotics and saline. The kid rapidly became moribund and died within 6 hours of the first signs of illness. No bacterial or viral agents were detected in the intestinal content. On histological examination large numbers of small haematoxylin-staining bodies were detected associated with the brush border of small intestinal enterocytes. Associated with these bodies there was variable shortening of intestinal villi, some congestion and focal leucocyte infiltration in the lamina propira of the villi and focal epithelial erosions, sloughing or cell transition to more immature enterocyte forms. The location and features revealed by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicate these bodies are cryptoporidia. PMID- 7342946 TI - Salmonellosis in transported feral goats. AB - An outbreak of acute diarrhoea and deaths was investigated in a group of 1,016 feral goats of varying ages, on a 400 hectare Gippsland pine plantation. The goats had recently been captured in north western New South Wales and transported by truck to Melbourne, Victoria, a journey of 20 to 25 hours, and maintained in holding yards for up to 10 days. They were then transported for a further 3 hours, and released in the Gippsland plantation. Within 1 to 2 weeks of release many goats developed acute, severe diarrhoea, weakness and recumbency. Thirty eight percent of all goats died in the first 2 months on the farm. Autopsy findings were characteristic of salmonellosis in 13 (43%) of the 30 goats examined and Salmonella sp were cultured from these and one other goat (47%). Four different serotypes of Salmonella were represented (S. adelaide, S. typhimurium, S. muenchen, S. singapore). The findings support the view that stress due to transport and intensive handling caused carriers of Salmonella to develop into active excretors with high cross infection to susceptible goats. PMID- 7342947 TI - Heat stress and diarrhoea in neonatal calves. PMID- 7342949 TI - Chlamydiosis in parrots and pigeons. PMID- 7342948 TI - A facial eczema outbreak in sheep. PMID- 7342950 TI - Heliotropium europaeum poisoning of pigs. PMID- 7342951 TI - A method for membrane feeding blood to Culicoides. PMID- 7342952 TI - A case of porcine abortion caused by Nocardia asteroides. PMID- 7342953 TI - Murrurundi disease: an encephalopathy of sheep. PMID- 7342954 TI - [Experiences with the modified Maquet technic]. PMID- 7342955 TI - [Diastrophic dwarfism--report on 2 cases]. PMID- 7342956 TI - [Technical orthopedics today]. PMID- 7342957 TI - [Response to the article of P. Frohlich and B. Gramlich "Remarks on skeletal diagnosis with ultrasonic attenuation measurement using a frequency of 1MHz"]. PMID- 7342958 TI - Nematodes associated with pawpaw (cv. homestead) in Nsukka, Nigeria. AB - In field and greenhouse experiments, Meloidogyne javanica caused symptomatic damage to pawpaw (cv. Homestead). Other important nematodes to which pawpaw seemed a good host included Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchus reniformis, Helioctylenchus spp., and Tylenchulus martini. Pawpaw appeared as a poor host to Scutellonema clatbricaudatum and Hoplolaimus pararobustus. Fusarium sp. was isolated from the plant roots. PMID- 7342959 TI - Host susceptibility of the papaya mosaic virus in Sri Lanka. AB - 75 plant species from 11 families were tested in Sri Lanka for their susceptibility to transferring the papaya mosaic virus. After inoculation with this virus, six species, Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana tabacum, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa and Lycopersicum esculentum, developed such symptoms, and after re-isolation from the host plant the virus again infected papaya plants. Thus these species are possible alternate hosts of papaya mosaic virus in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7342960 TI - Review of research on the insect pests of kenaf and their control in the Sudan. AB - Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., is grown in many parts of the Sudan as a fibre plant. During its various stages of growth, 17 different species of insects were detected, out of which only the cotton flea beetle Podagrica puncticollis Weise is of economic importance. The attack by this pest is most serious in the seedling stage; late sowings coupled with early light showers suffer the heaviest damage. In the leaves the beetles eat out round holes ('shot-hole effect'). The entire life cycle takes about 4 to 5 weeks, and about five generations are completed on the plant depending on the weather conditions. Cultural practices incorporating early sowing and eradication of the main host plants, Hibiscus esculentus and Abutilon spp., considerably reduce the size of the initial infestation. Chemicals tested as seed-dressing or sprays for the control of the beetle failed to give good results. However, granular insecticides showed a better performance and longer residual effect. Disyston 5G was effective for six weeks and also improved the general condition of the plants. PMID- 7342961 TI - Libido and semen characteristics of Murrah, Surti, and local buffalo bulls in Sri Lanka. AB - The sperm properties and the libido were investigated in four Murrahs, three Surtis, and one local buffalo over a period of four months. As regards their libido, no specific features were found for the different breeds. The volume of the ejaculates and the concentration of the sperms were highest in the Murrah buffaloes, but they also exhibited the highest proportion of dead sperms in the first ejaculate. The local buffalo bull had a greater ejaculate than the Surti bulls but its sperm concentration was smaller and the proportion of dead and/or abnormal sperms was higher. Comparing the first and the second ejaculate, significant differences were found as regards the proportion of dead sperms and the motility in Murrah bulls, the sperm concentration and the proportion of dead sperms in Surti bulls, and proportion of abnormal sperms in the local buffalo bull. PMID- 7342962 TI - Haematology of the crosses of West African dwarf rams with Permer and their castrates. AB - The haematological status of five West African dwarf (WAD) x Permer (P) rams and five WAD x Permer castrated rams (PC) was determined at 9.00 a.m. and 6.00 p.m. every Monday for five weeks. The variables measured were: haemoglobin content (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (P), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (N), lymphocyte (L), monocyte (M), and eosinophil (E) counts. With the exception of N, L, and E, the values were not constant. The values of WBC, N, and L depended on the type of ram used. The time of the blood collection affected the Hb, WBC, and E concentrations. The value of M varied most (depending on the time of blood collection, week of determination, type of ram). PMID- 7342963 TI - Radioimmunoassay measurements of nuclear dihydrotestosterone in rat prostate. Relationship to androgen receptors and androgen-regulated responses. AB - The concentration of dihydrotestosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from rat ventral prostates. In the regenerating prostates of castrated rats treated with dihydrotestosterone for 4 days, the nuclear concentration of this steroid increased from approx. 70nM to 800nM as a linear function of the injected dose, whereas the cytoplasmic concentration remained relatively constant (70-130nM). Isotope-exchange measurements of nuclear androgen receptors by using [3H]methyltrienolone indicated that, although the concentration of nuclear dihydrotestosterone was several-fold higher than the concentration of androgen receptors, they were logarithmically related. The recruitment of prostatic cells into the growth fraction and the stimulation of 5 alpha-reductase activity were more directly correlated to the nuclear concentration of androgen receptors than to the total nuclear concentration of dihydrotestosterone. Maximal restoration of a specific isoenzyme of acid phosphatase ws achieved when approx. 2000 androgen receptors were present in the prostatic nuclei; higher concentrations of nuclear androgen receptors were associated with decreased amounts of this enzyme. Hence the results imply, first, that the total amount of dihydrotestosterone accumulated by nuclei is not a direct consequence of carrier-mediated transport by androgen receptors, and, secondly, that, whereas acid phosphatase may be differentially controlled by androgens in the regenerating prostate, increases in the amount of cell proliferation and 5 alpha-reductase activity directly parallel increases in the nuclear concentration of androgen receptors. PMID- 7342965 TI - The metabolic origin of trigonelline in the rat. AB - A hypothesis of Mason & Kodicek [(1970) Biochem. J. 120, 515-521] that esterified nicotinic acid in niacytin from cereals is a precursor for trigonelline was investigated in rats. Single oral doses of niacytin resulted in the excretion of trigonelline in urine but only in rats that were niacin-deficient and were fed a cereal diet. These animals were found to have an abnormally permeable intestine, which allowed the uptake of molecules not usually absorbed. Orally administered synthetic [14C]nicotinoyl[3H]methylcellulose was shown to be absorbed by niacin deficient rats on a cereal diet and [14C]trigonelline was excreted in urine. These data indicate that dietary cereal induces a permeability defect in the intestinal mucosa of niacin-deficient rats, which allows the uptake of macromolecular niacytin. The nicotinoyl pyridine nitrogen atom is then methylated and slow hydrolysis releases trigonelline from the macromolecule. PMID- 7342964 TI - Glucocorticoid and developmental regulation of uteroglobin synthesis in rabbit lung. AB - The synthesis of uteroglobin in rabbit lung was studied after the administration of glucocorticoids to intact adult animals as well as during the late stages of rabbit development. The synthesis of uteroglobin was compared with levels of translatable uteroglobin mRNA in the lung. Uteroglobin synthesis was determined both by incorporation of [25S]methionine into the protein by lung explants incubated in vitro and by radioimmunoassay measurements of uteroglobin concentration in lung. Lung poly(A)-containing mRNA, isolated by oligo(dT)- cellulose chromatography, was translated in cell-free systems and the activity of uteroglobin mRNA was determined after immunoprecipitation. Dexamethasone administration increased about 2-fold the synthesis of lung uteroglobin compared with the controls. The effect of cortisol was more moderate. Both glucocorticoids did not affect the degradation rate of lung uteroglobin, but produced increases in the translatable levels of uteroglobin mRNA parallel to those observed for uteroglobin synthesis. During the late stages of rabbit development, both the synthesis of lung uteroglobin and the translatable levels of its mRNA increase in parallel about 12-fold in a biphasic fashion. A first increase occurred between 2 days before and 2 days after birth. Starting at 5 days of age, there was a second increase in both parameters, which at 12 days of age reached values close to those observed in adult rabbits. Our results suggest that the rate of lung uteroglobin synthesis could be mainly determined by the translatable levels of its mRNA. PMID- 7342966 TI - The dependence on Ca2+ of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and enzyme secretion in rabbit neutrophils stimulated by formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine or ionomycin. AB - 1. We have measured the breakdown of [3H]phosphatidylinositol in rabbit neutrophils prelabelled with [3H]glycerol by a pulse-chase procedure. With a view to defining a possible causal relationship between phosphatidylinositol breakdown and enzyme secretion in these cells, we have compared the characteristics of both these processes induced by either the receptor-directed agonist formylmethionyl leucylphenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) or the Ca2+-ionophore ionomycin. 2. The dependence on fMet-Leu-Phe concentration of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and secretion is identical (half-maximal at 0.3 nM). This is 30-fold less than that required for half-maximal occupation of receptors. 3. Both secretion and breakdown of phosphatidylinositol due to fMet-Leu-Phe are modulated by extracellular Ca2+. The sensitivity to Ca2+ of both processes is enhanced by pretreatment to deplete cell Ca2+. The concentration of Ca2+ required to cause half-maximal effects of both processes in Ca2+-depleted cells on stimulation with 1nM-fMet-Leu-Phe is 100 microM. Ionomycin-stimulated secretion and breakdown of phosphatidylinositol are completely dependent on extracellular Ca2+ over similar concentration ranges. 4. Both secretion and phosphatidylinositol breakdown due to fMet-Leu-Phe approach completion by 10s. With ionomycin these processes are slower, terminating by 2 min. 5. In the presence of [32P]Pi, labelling of [32P]phosphatidic acid reaches a maximum 15 min after stimulation with either fMet-Leu-Phe or ionomycin. This precedes the labelling of [32P]phosphatidylinositol and shows the expected precursor-product relationship. 6. We conclude from these results that in rabbit neutrophils a rise in cytosol [Ca2+] is both sufficient and necessary to cause secretion and phosphatidylinositol breakdown. In cells depleted of Ca2+, the occupation of receptors by fMet-Leu-Phe is without effect on these two processes. PMID- 7342967 TI - Unoccupied binding sites for oestrogen in nuclei of a breast tumour cell line (MCF-7). AB - 1. A method to measure both occupied and unoccupied oestrogen receptors directly in the crude nuclear fraction of the MCF-7 cells was developed. The receptors had high affinity for oestradiol (Kd approx. 0.7 nM) and binding specificity characteristics of oestrogen receptors. 2. A substantial amount of the unoccupied receptors were found in the crude nuclear fraction. 3. Several experiments excluded the possibility that the unoccupied nuclear receptor might be a cytoplasmic contaminant. (a) Multiple extractions with Tris buffer released about 75% of the total receptor content, leaving the rest unextractable in the crude nuclear fraction. (b) Nuclei purified by centrifugation through 1.8M-sucrose and treatment with 0.7% Triton X-100, or by centrifugation through 50% glycerol with 0.1% Triton X-100 contained similar amounts of unoccupied receptors to that found in the crude nuclear fraction. (c) In cells cultured during 5 days after preconfluency a 3-fold increase in the amount of unoccupied cytoplasmic receptors occurred, whereas the amount of unoccupied nuclear receptors did not change significantly and conversely in cells exposed to increasing concentrations of oestradiol the unoccupied cytoplasmic receptor was continuously depleted but no considerable change in the unoccupied nuclear receptor was found. PMID- 7342968 TI - Changes in the phospholipid catabolism of mitochondria and microsomes during the development of rat liver. AB - The lipolytic activities of mitochondrial and microsomal fractions ('microsomes') isolated from foetal, suckling and adult rat liver were compared. The catabolism of endogenous phospholipids was followed by measuring the loss of phospholipids and the appearance of non-esterified fatty acids and lysophosphatides. The rate of mitochondrial phospholipid catabolism does not change significantly during development, but the rate of lipolysis of microsomal phospholipids increases 3 fold during development. Balance studies showed that, in mitochondria and microsomes of foetal, suckling and adult rat liver, fatty acid formation is greatly in excess of the fatty acids that can be accounted for by measuring phospholipid disappearance and lysophosphatide appearance. The hypothesis that this excess fatty acid formation resulted from the lipolysis of mitochondrial and microsomal triacylglycerols were tested and confirmed by preliminary experiments. Mitochondria and microsomes isolated from all developmental ages investigated had phospholipases with A1 and A2 activities. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids derived from the phospholipids of mitochondria did not vary significantly during development. PMID- 7342969 TI - Hepatic uptake of phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons in vivo. Comparison with the uptake of chylomicron remnants. AB - 1. Rats pretreated with Triton WR-1339 to prevent the formation of remnants were injected with [3H]cholesterol-labelled remnants, intact chylomicrons or chylomicrons depleted of most of their surface phospholipids by treatment with phospholipase A2. Within 5 min about 80% of the injected label of remnants and phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons was incorporated into the livers compared with less than 10% of the injected radioactivity of intact chylomicrons. A similar rapid hepatic uptake of radioactivity occurred when rats not pretreated with Triton were injected with [3H]cholesterol-labelled phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons. This rapid hepatic uptake of phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons occurred apparently without any alteration in the apoprotein composition of the particles. 2. The participation of hepatocytes in the uptake of remnants and phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons was examined. Both types of particles were taken up by the hepatocytes. However, small chylomicrons (Sf less than 400) were taken up more efficiently than were large chylomicrons (Sf greater than 400), but neither was taken up as efficiently as the remnants. 3. The results of this study lend support to the hypothesis that phospholipid-depleted chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants are taken up by the liver by a similar mechanism, which depends on the loss of surface phospholipids. PMID- 7342970 TI - The effect of chloroquine on the metabolism of [35S]cystine in normal and cystinotic human skin fibroblasts. AB - The present study concerns the effect of the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine on the uptake and metabolism of [35S]cystine in vitro by normal human fibroblasts and those from patients suffering from the lysosomal storage disease cystinosis. When the cells were cultured with [35S]cystine for periods in excess of 4 h, it was found that chloroquine considerably increased (up to 30-fold) the labelling of the intracellular cystine pool in cystinotic cells, with no increase or a much smaller increase in normal cells. For this effect chloroquine had an optimum concentration of 20 microM, with a small effect still being noticeable at 1 microM. A quinoline analogue, 4-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-7-iodoquinoline, had a similar effect to chloroquine. However, NH4Cl at concentrations of between 100 microM and 50 mM showed either no effect (at the lower concentrations) or a depression of intracellular cystine labelling (at the higher concentrations). The differences between the effects of the quinolines on cystinotic acid normal cells were not due to differences in total cell uptake of drug. PMID- 7342971 TI - The metabolism of L-tryptophan by liver cells prepared from adrenalectomized and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - 1. The metabolism of L-tryptophan by liver cells prepared from fed normal, adrenalectomized and streptozotocin-diabetic rats was studied. 2. At physiological concentrations (0.1 mM), the rate of oxidation of tryptophan by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase was 3-fold greater in liver cells from diabetic rats than in those from fed rats. In liver cells from diabetic rats, oxidation of tryptophan to CO2 and metabolites of the glutarate pathway was increased 7-fold. Quinolinate synthesis was decreased by 50%. These findings are consistent with an increase in picolinate carboxylase activity. 3. Rates of metabolism of 0.1 mM tryptophan by hepatocytes from fed and adrenalectomized rats were similar. 4. In all three types of cell preparation, fluxes through tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase with 2.5 mM-tryptophan were 7-fold greater than those obtained with 0.1 mM tryptophan. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynureninase fluxes in hepatocytes from fed and adrenalectomized rats were comparable, whereas those in liver cells from diabetic rats were increased 2.5-fold and 3.3-fold respectively. Picolinate carboxylase activities of liver cells from diabetic rats were 15-fold greater than those of cells from fed rats, but rates of quinolinate synthesis were unchanged. 5. It is concluded that: (i) adrenal corticosteroids are not required for the maintenance of basal activities of the kynurenine pathway, whereas (ii) chronic insulin deficiency produces changes in both the rate of oxidation and metabolic fate of tryptophan carbon. PMID- 7342972 TI - Differences between tissues in response of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase to administration of polyamines. AB - 1. Administration of spermidine or sym-norspermidine decreased the activity of AdoMet (S-adenosylmethionine) decarboxylase in extracts prepared from rat liver, Kidney, psoas, diaphragm, soleus and small intestine, but not heart. The decline in psoas, diaphragm and soleus was much greater than that in liver and kidney. The difference in sensitivity to spermidine could not be explained by changes in the uptake and accumulation of the polyamine, because much higher contents were found in liver and kidney that in diaphragm and psoas. 2. Spermidine administration also led to a substantial increase in putrescine in all tissues examined. However, the rise in putrescine was not responsible for the decline in AdoMet decarboxylase activity, since norspermidine, which cannot form putrescine, also produced the decline. Also, administration of putrescine or 1,3 diaminopropane did not decrease AdoMet decarboxylase. 3. The decline in skeletal muscle AdoMet decarboxylase activity in response to spermidine may be due to an increased rate of degradation of the enzyme protein. The t1/2 (half-time) for the decline in activity after inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide was almost halved in the psoas of spermidine-treated rats. Spermidine treatment did not change the t1/2 in liver. 4. These results raise the possibility that there are at least two different forms of AdoMet decarboxylase and that the enzyme from psoas or diaphragm differs from that in liver. Additional support for this hypothesis was obtained by comparing the activation by putrescine of AdoMet decarboxylase from these tissues. The liver enzyme was stimulated 10-fold, but the muscle enzyme was stimulated 30-fold. PMID- 7342973 TI - Independent biosynthesis of soluble and membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases in the suckling rat ileum. AB - Enzymically active intestinal alkaline phosphatase exists in both soluble and membrane-bound forms in the suckling rat. Antiserum prepared against purified soluble alkaline phosphatase (anti-AlP) was shown to be monospecific when assessed by Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis and immunoelectrophoresis. The two forms of alkaline phosphatase were antigenically identical and possessed similar affinities for anti-AlP. To study the biosynthesis of the two forms, 14 day-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [(3)H]leucine. The labelling kinetics of alkaline phosphatase, extracted from supernatant and brush-border membrane fractions with anti-AlP, was followed over 20h. Incorporation of [(3)H]leucine into membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase was rapid, reaching a plateau at 6h. The soluble enzyme showed slower incorporation of label and maximal radioactivity was not reached until 12h after labelling, a lag of 6h behind the membrane-bound enzyme. Soluble alkaline phosphatase could not have been a precursor of the membrane form, as there was no early peak of radioactivity in the soluble form. To determine if the soluble enzyme was irreversibly derived from the membrane enzyme, a newly developed technique of labelling brush-border membrane proteins in vivo by intraluminal injection of diazotized [(125)I]iodosulphanilic acid was used. The appearance of (125)I in soluble and membrane alkaline phosphatase was then monitored over a 7h period, encompassing the lag between maximal leucine labelling of the two forms. The results failed to show either a proportional transfer of radioactivity from membrane to soluble alkaline phosphatase or an absolute increase in radioactivity of the soluble form during degradation of brush-border alkaline phosphatase. Therefore there does not appear to be a serial precursor/product relationship between the soluble and membrane-bound forms of suckling-rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7342974 TI - Composition, stability and electrolyte permeability of Golgi membranes from lactating-rat mammary gland. AB - 1. Golgi membrane vesicles, isolated from lactating-rat mammary gland and greatly enriched in galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22), contained over 40 separate bands of protein, including some periodic acid)(Schiff-staining material and free thiol groups, when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. The membrane lipids were enriched in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and unesterified cholesterol. 3. Membrane fluidity, as monitored by the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene, increased linearly over 5-37 degrees C. 4. The vesicle membranes were impermeable to lactose over a wide pH range, but admitted electrolytes of molecular weight below about 300. 5. These properties are discussed with respect to other cellular membranes and the secretion of milk products. PMID- 7342975 TI - Placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme expression by the non-HeLa DoT cervical carcinoma cell line. AB - Expression of the oncodevelopmental protein, placental alkaline phosphatase, was observed in DoT cells, an epidermoid cell line derived from cervical carcinoma. Under normal conditions of growth in vitro, biochemical inhibition, cytochemical and immunological studies revealed that these cells express the term-placental (Regan) isoenzyme. Thus alkaline phosphatase activity was observed to be heat stable and inhibited by L-phenylalanine. These properties, supported by immunoelectrophoretic analysis using antisera specific for liver, intestinal or term-placental isoenzymes, identified the isoenzyme as placental type. DoT cells treated with prednisolone (1 microgram/ml) increased total alkaline phosphatase specific activity. This activity was also identified as term-placental phosphatase isoenzyme. On the other hand, treatment of the same cells with sodium butyrate (1 mM) did not induce increased activity of the term-placental isoenzyme, an unexpected observation. As a result of these studies, DoT cells are proposed as a representative cell line for studies of the regulation of oncodevelopmental gene expression in human tumour cells of cervical origin. PMID- 7342976 TI - Alloxan-induced luminol luminescence as a tool for investigating mechanisms of radical-mediated diabetogenicity. AB - Chemiluminescence of luminol in a cell-free system was used to investigate the mechanism of alloxan-dependent free-radical generation. In the presence of alloxan and reduced glutathione (GSH), luminescence was greatly stimulated by FeSO4. Replacing GSH by oxidized glutathione or NAD(P)(H), or replacing FeSO4 by CuSO4, ZNSO4 or FeCl3, did not yield chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescence of a mixture of alloxan. GSH, FeSO4 and luminol was inhibited by catalase, superoxide dismutase, scavengers of hydroxyl radicals (sodium benzoate, n butanol, D-mannitol, dimethyl sulphoxide) or metal-ion chelators (EDTA, diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, diethyldithiocarbamate. desferroxamine), D glucose, L-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, NAD+, NADH, NADP+ or NADPH, but not by urea or enzymically inactive superoxide dismutase. The results support the hypothesis that the diabetogenic action of alloxan is mediated by hydroxyl radicals generated in an iron-catalysed reaction. Protection against alloxan in vivo depends both on the chemical reactivity of protector with radicals or radical-generating systems and on the stereospecific requirement of some strategic site in the B-cell. PMID- 7342977 TI - The effects of dietary lipid and phenobarbitone on the production and utilization of NADPH in the liver. A combined biochemical and quantitative cytochemical study. AB - The validity of the concept that cellular NADPH utilization in the cytoplasm can, by quantitative cytochemical procedures, be classified into two pathways (Pathway I, in which NADPH is oxidized via the microsomal electron-transport system, and Pathway II, in which NADPH supplies reducing equivalents for biosynthetic processes) was tested. The amount of NADPH, generated by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, entering Pathways I and II in the centrilobular and periportal regions was measured by quantitative cytochemistry, and the values obtained were compared with biochemical measurements of mixed-function oxidase and fatty acid synthetase activity after the administration of sodium phenobarbitone or by altering the quantity and nature of the dietary lipid. Phenobarbitone stimulates hepatic mixed-function oxidation measured biochemically and Pathway I, but not Pathway II. Variation in the type and quantity of dietary lipid can also regulate the activity in mixed-function oxidation and alter the amount of NADPH entering Pathways I and II. It is concluded that, in general, the concept of two main pathways of NADPH utilization in the liver is valid, but that the ratios of NADPH utilization in the two pathways gives a better indication of the use of NADPH in vivo than is obtained for absolute values for the two pathways. Moreover, the centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes showed different patterns in their response to changes in dietary lipid and the administration of phenobarbitone. These results indicate the different metabolic roles that these two groups of cells may play in the metabolism of foreign compounds. PMID- 7342978 TI - Tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and enzyme activities in the isolated working rat heart. AB - Flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle was calculated from oxygen consumption in hearts perfused near the physiological work load. Activities of citrate synthase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were measured in the same hearts. Only the activities of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase correlated with calculated fluxes through the cycle. PMID- 7342979 TI - Induction of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase in chick embryo liver by propylisopropylacetamide does not involve destruction of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7342980 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 7342981 TI - [Tumorgrading in breast cancer by light microscopic and electron microscopic criteria. Part I. Relation between light microscopic grading and electron microscopic criteria. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7342982 TI - Spermiologic findings during longterm lithium therapy. PMID- 7342983 TI - A symposium on the psychological significance of the ERP. PMID- 7342984 TI - Late positive components and stimulus evaluation time. AB - The amplitude and latency of late positive components were, together with reaction time (RT), studied in a task which combines visual and memory search. The visual display contained either one, two or four letters, as did the memory set. Six load combinations, resulting in one, four, eight and 16 comparisons, were examined. The reaction time data indicated a self-terminating search process. Three late positive components were present in the evoked potential: one at 375 msec after the onset of the display, one at 375 msec after the offset of the display and one around 600 msec. Only the latter component appeared to be sensitive to the number of comparisons. Adaptive averaging was applied to this latter component. The latency of this P300 suggested, in contrast to the RT data, an exhaustive search process. In addition there was a negligible correlation between the response latency and P300 latency at single trial level. Several hypotheses are suggested for what P300 could have to tell us. PMID- 7342985 TI - Evoked potentials and the dynamics of language processing. AB - It is observed, in a brief review of studies of evoked potentials and language processing, that for the most part only global and rather static aspects have been investigated. It is argued that the important topic of the dynamics of work recognition has been neglected. The evolution of 'spreading activation' models of semantic processing is briefly traced. These postulate pre-conscious word recognition in a semantic network where radiation of excitation between semantically related 'nodes' or 'logogens' account for important context effects on word recognition. It is suggested that evoked potential studies could be used to test and elaborate this model. An experiment is described in which discrimination between positive and negative instances of primed categories by enhancement of the N1-P2 (N130-P212) amplitude measure supports the notion of early and possibly pre-conscious attainment of work meaning and also indicates enhanced activation from word detection units sensitized by spread of activation from a category prime. PMID- 7342986 TI - EEG and cardiac correlates of neuroticism: a psychophysiological comparison of neurotics and normal controls in relation to personality. AB - In the context of Eysenck's theory of personality the contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded in 60 psychiatric patients (30 introverted and 30 extraverted neurotics) and 60 normal controls (30 stable extraverts and 30 stable introverts) under three experimental conditions, i.e. the standard CNV-paradigm (St: tone-light-MR) and two discrimination tasks. In these tasks either S1 (info S1) or S2 (info S2) contained task-relevant information with respect to the motor response (MR). At a 4 sec CNV-interval the O- and E-wave, the P300 elicited by S1, the alpha power, the heart rate and the heart rate variability were measured. The EEG, recorded from Cz to the linked earlobes, P4 vs. O2 and the EOG were sampled at a frequency of 100 c/s over a 12 sec epoch (starting 8 sec before S1 till the onset of S2). The increase in informative properties of S1 (as is the case during 'info S1') resulted in enhanced amplitudes (and increased latencies) of O-wave and P300, producing evidence that these two slow waves are related to cortical orientation. The E-wave is not influenced, as expected, by the informative properties of 'info S2' and there is no linear relationship between task complexity and the E-wave. Reaction time increased from 'St' to 'info S2' as did the heart rate. The present results indicate that there is no simple way to characterize CNV-components that can best distinguish neurotics from controls. Neurotics showed during all three conditions shorter P300 latencies than controls indicating that the P300 seems to be a better ERP-parameter than the CNV components to differentiate between neurotics and controls. PMID- 7342987 TI - Asymmetries of the contingent negative variation (CNV) and its after positive wave (APW) related to differential hemispheric involvement in verbal and non verbal tasks. AB - The CNV and the subsequent positive wave (including both the P300 wave and the slow positivity following it) were recorded at left and right frontal and central electrodes during the performance of tasks in which nine right-handed subjects (male and female) had to determine whether S1 and S2 were the same or different. In one task, works had to be matched for meaning while in a second, faces had to be matched for identity. Words elicited CNVs which were more negative over left than right frontal regions. This effect was reversed when the stimuli were faces. Since the CNV is presumed to reflect processes of anticipation rather than stimulus processing, the asymmetry cannot be explained in terms of the lateralisation of neural mechanisms specialised for the analysis of verbal or visuospatial stimuli. Instead the observation is regarded as evidence for mechanisms of lateral activation of a more general nature than would be necessary for the facultative selection of cognitive mode. The amplitude of the CNV relative to baseline was affected by the amplitude of P300 response to S1. This was larger to faces than words in both hemispheres. A small asymmetry in the positive wave following S2 was observed, the amplitude being greater over the right hemisphere for words and over the left for faces. This is interpreted in terms of the subjective probability of the two types of stimulus for a hemisphere ill-equipped to receive them. PMID- 7342988 TI - Attention effects on auditory EPs as a function of inter-stimulus interval. AB - The present study focuses on the effect of the duration of the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) on the 'processing negativity', the endogeneous negative brain potential elicited by attended stimuli in various selective-attention paradigms. Three constant ISIs are used, 250 msec. 800 msec, and 2000 msec, in a selective dichotic-listening situation in which the subject's task is to detect occasional slight pitch changes in the input to a designated ear. Frontal (Fz), vertex (Cz), and parietal (Pz) evoked potentials (EP) are recorded. The processing negativity is observed in each condition, even in that involving the 2 sec ISI, which is in contrast with the commonly held view that this attention effect is only obtained with very short ISIs. The processing negativity was observed to have two components: (1) an early, central component of small amplitude which appears to be independent of the ISI: (2) a later, frontal component of large amplitude and long duration which is certainly elicited with long ISIs such as the 800 msec and 2000 msec ISIs used here, but also appears to be present even in the short-ISI condition overlapping the central component. This suggests that it is the frontal component which is sensitive to the ISI. PMID- 7342989 TI - The influence of information on habituation of the "Wiener" filtered visual even related potential and the skin conductance reaction. AB - In this study the influence of the information value of visual stimuli on habituation in event related potentials (ERPs) at Fz, Cz and Oz locations and the skin conductance reaction (SCR) was investigated. An improved 'Wiener' filter was used to reduce the number of stimulus presentations. This enabled us to study P300 and SCR decrement in the same period of time. SCRs and Wiener filtered ERPs were determined over six stimulus presentations. Half of the 26 subjects received for 36 times a stimulus with a high information value in terms of complexity and the other half of the subjects 36 stimuli with a low information value. The results of this study show that decrement of the P300 amplitude occurs in about the same period of time as the SCR magnitude decrement. P300 habituation was manifested only in the fronto-central leads, the occipital P300 did not show habituation. A second difference in the topography of the P300 was that the effect of stimulus information was only found in the fronto-central leads and not in the occipital lead. As earlier studies, we did not find an effect of information on SCR habituation. The results show that the fronto-central P300 showed two important characteristics of the orienting response (OR). They are that habituation occurs in about the same period of time as in which a classical OR index as the SCR habituates and P300 amplitudes are larger when the information value of the stimuli is higher. PMID- 7342990 TI - Effect of task and stimulus probability on evoked potentials. AB - Some experimental data demonstrate the existence of at least two different P300s distinguished by latency, topography and functional significance. These positive waves are preceded by a negative component which has been labelled N200. The purpose of this study was to analyze the modifications of these negative and positive components according to probability and task (GO vs. NOGO) in order to better understand the significance of each of them in terms of stages of information processing. Six normal subjects were tested twice on separate days, in a GO-NOGO paradigm. Auditory stimuli - high pitch (GO) and low pitch (NOGO) - were presented in three different occurrence probability combinations: 0.2/0.8; 0.5/0.5; 0.8/0.2, in successive blocks. In both GO and NOGO responses, a vertex N200 component was followed by two positive waves - the first peaking at 300 msec at Cz (Cz : P300), the other one Ca 400 msec at Pz (Pz : P400). An inverse relation between amplitude and probability was seen for the three components but it was twice as large for P400 as for P300. A task effect was only seen for N200, the amplitude and latency of which increased in the GO condition. From the first session to the second, the amplitude of N200 decreased whereas that of P300 increased. PMID- 7342991 TI - A statistical Wiener filter using complex analysis of variance. AB - The Wiener filter is a digital filter in the frequency domain which enables the detection of signals in noise on the basis of a relatively small number (N) of signals-in-noise series. However, the variance associated with the Wiener filter increases sharply with low N or low signal-to-noise ratio, sometimes resulting in large negative transfer coefficients (H(w)'s). This causes an unacceptable distortion of the extracted signal. The classical solution for this problem is rather arbitrary; clipping all H(w)'s less than zero. It can be shown that this approach has limited practical value and does not lead to optimal filtering of the signal. The solution presented in this paper is based on the fact that the large negative H(w)'s in the case of a small N are caused by using an estimate for the noise-power which deviates from the actual noise-power. This makes the use of a statistical procedure feasible. By using complex analysis of variance it is possible to test which part of the spectrum is due to the signal and which part of the spectrum is due to the noise. H(w)'s not reaching a preset significance criterion are set to zero. The statistical Wiener filter acts as an adaptive multi-band-pass filter with band-passes determined by (a posteriori) detected signal components. It is demonstrated that this procedure leads to better suppression of the noise in signal-in-noise series. PMID- 7342992 TI - A correlation study of contingent negative variation, reaction time, and EEG power spectrum in control and psychopathological populations. AB - Contingent negative variation (CNV), reaction time (RT), and EEG power spectrum were measured in a group of 27 neurotics and 26 controls subjects, male and female, aged 18 to 38. CNV was recorded with a 1 sec interstimulus interval and averaged over 48 trials. Two spectral analyses of the EEG were performed, the first during the 1 sec period preceding S1 (spontaneous EEG), the second during the S1-S2 interval (activated EEG). For each group of subjects, we calculated the correlations between four measures of CNV amplitude, RT duration, and the relative powers of the delta, theta, alpha and beta activities during spontaneous and activated EEG. In neurotic subjects there was an absence of correlation between the pre- and post-imperative segments of the CNV, and between early CNV amplitude and per cent alpha power. Both groups shared in common strong correlations relating CNV amplitude and RT length, on the one hand, and the different components of the EEG spectrum, on the other hand, Principal component analysis applied to the pooled data revealed different factors for CNV and EEG parameters, suggesting independence of the neurophysiological mechanisms implied in the two phenomena. PMID- 7342993 TI - EP components, visual processing stages, and the effect of a barbiturate. AB - In a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment, ten subjects carried out a visual choice reaction task. In addition to RT measurement, evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded from the central (Cz) and occipital (Oz) derivations. Independent variables were drug treatment (barbiturate versus placebo), visual stimulus intensity and visual stimulus degradation. The reaction time data showed that visual intensity and degradation had additive effects, which indicates that these variables affect independent stages, i.e. stimulus preprocessing and stimulus encoding. The effect of barbiturate on RT was additive with intensity but appeared to interact with degradation. This suggests a selective effect of that drug on the encoding state. EP components also showed selective effects of intensity, degradation and drug treatment. It was suggested that these components may be related to stages in the reaction process. PMID- 7342994 TI - EEG and slow cortical potentials in anticipation of mental tasks with different hemispheric involvement. AB - Mental arithmetic is supposed to be processed by the left hemisphere, while pattern matching has been considered to be processed by the right hemisphere. These different mental tasks were presented to 16 right-handed male subjects. As a variable task difficulty was varied for the two task categories. The task presentations were preceded by 6 sec warning stimuli which indicated the level of difficulty of the task. EEG and slow cortical potentials (SCPs) were recorded from temporal and precentral leads of both hemispheres. The reference was noncephalic. During the anticipation interval beta-activity was enhanced above the hemisphere primarily involved in the particular task. SCPs failed to show a comparable clear pattern. A late negative component showed task-dependent asymmetries prior to easy tasks, but not prior to difficult tasks. PMID- 7342995 TI - Opposite hemisphere differences in movement related potentials preceding foot and finger flexions. AB - Nine right-handed subjects performed an experiment in which the recording of the readiness potential (RP) and of the contingent negative variation (CNV) was combined. A microswitch was pressed by a voluntary foot or finger movement. 4 sec later a visual stimulus was presented, to which the subject had to respond as quickly as possible by making the same movement. Four electrode positions were used: C3, C4, C'3 and C'4, the latter two in between Cz and C3 or C4, respectively. The RPs showed larger amplitudes over the hemisphere, contralateral to the finger movement. Moreover, although not significant, RPs showed larger amplitudes over the hemisphere, ipsilateral to the foot movement. Late CNV waves were larger at C3 prior to a finger response and at C'4 prior to a foot response. This result is an argument for the hypothesis of a common underlying mechanism of RP and CNV late waves. Moreover, it suggests that motor preparation is a selective process which is related to the activation of a specific area in the motor cortex. PMID- 7342996 TI - PCA and varimax rotation: some comments on Rosler and Manzey. PMID- 7342997 TI - Principal component analysis of slow brain potentials during six second anticipation intervals. AB - The comparison of principal component analyses between seven experimental studies demonstrates a remarkable similarity of the extracted components. Slow scalp recorded potentials of the brain (SPs) during a constant 6 sec foreperiod can be described by an early frontal, and a late preparatory component. Furthermore, an additional intermediate component may be retained by the PCA. This component seems to reduce the between-subject variance and often describes processes dependent on stimulus repetition. There is evidence favoring the varimaxed solution of the PCA for the parametrization of most of the experimental data. PMID- 7342998 TI - Mismatch negativity in a phonetic discrimination task. AB - The hypothesis was tested that in a discrimination task the number of phonetic features available determines the latencies and amplitudes of the components of the evoked potentials. Six conditions varying in the number and type of discriminatory cues were compared. The condition containing a three phonetic feature discrimination produced shorter latency evoked potentials as compared with the conditions containing one or two such features or an acoustic difference only. The N2 component, the so-called mismatch negativity, was particularly sensitive to the number of phonetic features. PMID- 7342999 TI - P300, as a function of S-R compatibility and motor programming. PMID- 7343000 TI - Principal components and varimax-rotated components in event-related potential research: some remarks on their interpretation. AB - Some properties of principal components analysis (PCA) and simple structure rotation, which are relevant to the study of event-related potentials (ERPs), were examined both in theory and with simulated data. The analysis casts some doubt on whether it is useful and desirable to rotate the loading pattern of a PCA of ERPs to simple structure. The evidence presented is more in favour of the unrotated solution. In particular we were able to demonstrate with simulated data that a solution rotated to simple structure may lead to false conclusions about the functional independence of ERP peaks. Beyond this, the more general question is asked of whether principal components should be accepted as basic waveforms, i.e. as physiologically meaningful entities which, for example, represent different ERP generators. PMID- 7343001 TI - The relationship between P3-latency and reaction time in depression. AB - A random series of frequencies and infrequent clicks was presented to 13 primary depressives and 13 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Subjects were instructed to press a button as fast as possible in response to the infrequent clicks. P3 amplitudes and latencies as well as correlations between P3 latency and reaction time were calculated on a single trial basis using Woody's adaptive filter. While reaction times were significantly longer in patients, neither P3 latencies nor P3 amplitudes differed between the groups. Thus, delayed reaction time of depressives seems to be a consequence of impaired selection, activation, or execution of the motor response rather than of delayed stimulus evaluation. The correlation between P3 latency and reaction time was significantly smaller in patients then in controls. PMID- 7343002 TI - Cerebral potentials during skilled slow positioning movements. AB - Movement-related potentials recorded from the scalp of man were investigated in two skilled positioning tasks, requiring flexions at different joints of the upper extremities. The average response time was approximately 1 sec. Subjects paced their movements themselves and performed without visual control or other external cues. After each trial a delayed visual feedback was given. It was found that the negative potential shift prior to the EMG onset, the 'Bereitschaftpotential', is followed by a persisting negativity during the execution of the action until the target position is reached. Approximately at this point a positive-going deflection appears. This 'goal-directed movement potential' is composed of at least two components: (a) a widely distributed, centrally dominant negativity, and (b) a smaller negative wave over the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the responding limb. Small variations in response force do not influence the amplitude of the potentials. A negative shift in anticipation of the visual feedback has a topography different from the movement-related potentials, being predominant over the right hemisphere independent of the hand used PMID- 7343003 TI - P3 latency in threshold signal detection. AB - The EOG, EEG(Cz, Pz) and response latencies were obtained from ten subjects in an auditory threshold detection task with a signal probability of 0.5. In order to minimize any interaction of signal condition (signal-presence vs. signal-absence) and uncertainty about the moment of signal occurrence (temporal equivocation), the observation period was marked with a cue light. The single-trial latencies of the P3 component associated with correct signal-present and signal-absent decisions were assessed on the basis of the cross-covariance functions of the EEG epochs and a template of the P3. Trials with values of covariance smaller than a criterion value were discarded. The mean and dispersion of the P3 latency proved larger for signal-absent than for signal-present trials, while the mean values of covariance were smaller for signal-absent than for signal-present trials. In addition, the mean and dispersion of the P3 proved smaller for high confidence than for medium confidence signal-present trials. Nearly all these effects also proved significant for the response latency. The single-trial P3 latencies were positively correlated with the response latencies of the same trials. The observed latency variations of the P3 were interpreted in terms of changes in the detectability of the stimulus events. It was concluded that the signal condition had a significant effect upon the latency of the P3 associated with signal present and signal-absent decisions over and above that due to temporal equivocation. PMID- 7343004 TI - [Myoelectrically controlled externally powered orthosis for the upper extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343005 TI - [Biomechanical experiments of osteosynthesis with fractured ribs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343006 TI - [Modelling, simulation and parameteridentification applied to the cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343008 TI - [The anatomic shoulder]. PMID- 7343007 TI - [Material properties and strength behavior of the compact bone tissue at the coxal human-femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343009 TI - Proliferative effect of burst-promoting activity upon early erythroid progenitors. AB - The mechanism of action of burst-promoting activity (BPA) was investigated. Rabbit bone marrow conditioned medium (BMCM) was used as a source of BPA for bone marrow derived rabbit erythroid progenitors (BFU-e). The addition of 10% BMCM to methylcellulose cultures resulted in an increase in both burst number (60%) and 59Fe incorporation into heme (1,334%). A strong correlation was observed between cell number and 59 Fe incorporation individual bursts. Analysis of cell number in individual bursts cultured in the presence or absence of BMCM demonstrated that BMCM consistently enhanced burst size. When bone marrow cells were incubated for 4 hours in BMCM prior to culture, a three fold increases in the percentage of S phase BFU-e was observed. These results show that a major mechanism of action of BMCM burst-promoting activity is to enhance proliferation during the early phase of burst formation. PMID- 7343010 TI - Histopathology and clinical problems in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7343011 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7343013 TI - Histopathological correlation of the Kiel with the original Rappaport classification of malignant non-hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Using the Kiel and the Rappaport classifications, a comparative histopathological analysis of 486 cases with non-Hodgkin lymphomas from a prospective study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group, still in progress, was performed. The greater part of Rappaport's classical lymphoma entities was found to be inhomogeneous and to include tumors of considerable prognostic heterogeneity, as shown by differences in actuarial survival. Some of the Kiel lymphoma entities have been identified in several lymphoma types of the Rappaport classification, indicating that "translation" of one scheme into the other is difficult or impossible. In addition, centrocytic lymphoma of the Kiel classification may not be homogeneous. On the whole, the Kiel classification appears to be superior to the original Rappaport classification in categorizing the various prognostically diverse types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7343012 TI - Principles and present status of a prospective multicenter study on the clinical relevance of the Kiel classification. PMID- 7343014 TI - Lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma: a clinical entity distinct from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? AB - Clinical data of 116 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and of 114 patients with lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (synonym: LP immunocytoma, IC) as diagnosed according to the Kiel classification were compared. This interim evaluation of a prospective multicenter study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group characterizes IC the less favorable lymphoma entity as evidenced by a more rapid lymph node enlargement, by a higher incidence of constitutional symptoms and of marked anaemia, and by a higher percentage of patients requiring early treatment. In addition, in IC autoimmune haemolytic anaemia was detected in 11.2% of investigated patients as compared to none of the patients with CLL, and monoclonal gammopathy was disclosed in 34.2% of investigated patients as compared to only three patients with CLL who could be, however, unrecognized cases of IC. Actuarial survival data after a follow-up period of 40 months are in favor of an overall better prognosis of patients with CLL than of patients with IC. PMID- 7343015 TI - Germinal center cell lymphomas: prognostic significance of their histopathological differentiation. AB - Clinical data of 48 patients with centrocytic, 83 patients with centroblastic/centrocytic and 64 patients with centroblastic lymphoma who had entered a prospective multicenter study of the Kiel Lymphoma Study Group since October 1975 were compared. Advanced (stage IV) disease at time of diagnosis, predominantly due to bone marrow infiltration, was most frequent in centrocytic (69% of patients) and in centroblastic/centrocytic (51% of patients) lymphomas as compared to only 28% of patients with centroblastic lymphoma. High survival probability of patients with localized centrocytic and centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas after radiotherapy, contrasting with a worse prognosis of corresponding patients with centroblastic lymphoma, is compatible with the classification of these lymphoma entities as neoplasias of low-grade malignancy. However, as shown by this prospective and previous retrospective trials overall survival probability of patients with advanced centrocytic lymphoma was inferior to that observed in corresponding patients with centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. These findings suggest the possibility that patients with advanced centrocytic lymphoma occupy an intermediate position between typical low-grade and typical high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7343016 TI - Clinical and prognostic heterogeneity of non-Hodgkin lymphomas of high-grade malignancy. AB - Comparison of clinical data of 64 patients with centroblastic lymphoma, 55 patients with immunoblastic lymphoma and 31 patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma not only confirmed the original assumption of high-grade malignancy as proposed by the concept of the Kiel classification but also demonstrated distinct clinical differences, particularly between lymphoblastic lymphoma and the two other entities. Rapid lymph node enlargement as well as steep fall of survival curves within the first year after diagnosis were common characteristics. Bimodal age distribution, predominance of males and early generalization of disease were typical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma; elderly patients and patients with the unclassified subtypes of lymphoblastic lymphoma exhibited the worst prognosis. Whereas patients with centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas showed similar distribution of age, sex and initial stage of disease, patients with immunoblastic lymphoma presented more frequently with a reduced performance status and showed a poorer response to radio- and chemotherapy resulting in a worse prognosis discernible after the first year of follow-up. Generalization during course of the disease was significantly more frequent in immunoblastic than in centroblastic lymphoma. PMID- 7343017 TI - The therapeutic milieu in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorders. PMID- 7343018 TI - A psychoanalytic orientation to consultation-liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7343019 TI - Distraction as an obsessive-compulsive strategy. PMID- 7343020 TI - Self-mutilation in children and adolescents. PMID- 7343021 TI - Considerations in referring patients for neuropsychological assessment. PMID- 7343022 TI - Beyond the oedipus complex. A note on the psychology of chess. PMID- 7343023 TI - The diagnostic use of countertransference reactions in psychological testing. PMID- 7343024 TI - Superman as a male latency stage myth. PMID- 7343025 TI - Conceptions of individual freedom and responsibility. Their impact on therapeutic practice. PMID- 7343026 TI - New perspectives on psychological tests as measures of change. PMID- 7343027 TI - [Ophthalmologic complications after osteosynthesis of an orbital fracture]. PMID- 7343028 TI - Sellar and pseudo-sellar metastatic disease. PMID- 7343029 TI - [Congenital corneal anesthesia. Two cases]. PMID- 7343030 TI - [Intraocular penetration of several medications with a therapeutic effect on toxoplasmosis. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7343031 TI - Treatment of congenital dacryostenosis. PMID- 7343032 TI - HLA determination in an ophthalmological population. PMID- 7343033 TI - The effect of timolol maleate on the fellow eye. PMID- 7343034 TI - Histopathology of aphakic and primary Mark VIII pseudo-phakic eyes after intracapsular cataract extraction. PMID- 7343035 TI - Stellate maculopathy. PMID- 7343036 TI - Oxalosis of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7343037 TI - Ultrasonographic aid in the diagnosis of choroidal hemangioma. PMID- 7343038 TI - [Treatment of massive vitreoretinal retraction by vitrectomy]. PMID- 7343039 TI - Pars-plana-vitrectomy in the treatment of injuries with intraocular foreign bodies. PMID- 7343040 TI - Birdshot chorioretinopathy: an etiological problem. PMID- 7343041 TI - Late complications of choroidal ruptures. PMID- 7343042 TI - Peripapillary staphyloma and optical pit with serous detachment of the macula. PMID- 7343043 TI - Clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of the tilted disk syndrome. PMID- 7343044 TI - Extra-ocular muscle palsy from minor head trauma. Initial sign of intracranial tumour. PMID- 7343045 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intraocular tumours. PMID- 7343046 TI - Early diagnosis of Myambutol (ethambutol) ocular toxicity by electrophysiological examination. PMID- 7343047 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of un-tinted glass and 3 tinted glass windshields on vision]. PMID- 7343048 TI - Vitreous surgery with perforating eye wounds and intraocular foreign bodies. PMID- 7343049 TI - Late complications of intraocular foreign bodies and the role of vitrectomy. PMID- 7343050 TI - The surgical correction of refractive error. PMID- 7343051 TI - [Classical aspects of intraocular metallic foreign bodies]. PMID- 7343052 TI - The molecular structure of the cornea and its alterations. PMID- 7343053 TI - Post hemodialysis glaucoma. PMID- 7343054 TI - The prevention of secondary traumatic hyphema. PMID- 7343055 TI - Melanoma of the iris with vascular malformations. PMID- 7343056 TI - Management of choroidal melanomata. PMID- 7343057 TI - Some aspects of eye disease in the Transkei. PMID- 7343058 TI - Small bowel volvulus - the commonest abdominal emergency in Nepal. PMID- 7343059 TI - Patients and spiders. PMID- 7343060 TI - Infection: patterns and trends in international health. PMID- 7343061 TI - The national breast-feeding promotion program 1. Professional phase--a note on its development, distribution and impact. PMID- 7343063 TI - Breastfeeding: cultivating conductive attitudes. PMID- 7343062 TI - Infant breast and bottle feeding practices: some related factors and attitudes. PMID- 7343064 TI - Breastfeeding: prevalence and influencing factors. PMID- 7343065 TI - Formaldehyde levels in the air of houses containing urea-formaldehyde foam insulation. PMID- 7343066 TI - Health implications of urea-formaldehyde foam insulation. PMID- 7343067 TI - The occurrence of chlamydial infections in Ontario, 1976-1978. PMID- 7343068 TI - Bovine respiratory disease questionnaire. AB - The purpose of the questionnaire was to gain an insight into the state of the art and to give direction to control measures for, and research into, bovine respiratory disease. Workers with an active interest in bovine respiratory disease were asked to respond. With the approval of the Committee on Large Animal Practice, it was distributed in Canada by the office of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association to the veterinary colleges, the federal animal diseases research laboratories and the directors of provincial veterinary services for further distribution, and also to the Veterinary Infectious Diseases Organization and Connaught Laboratories.Twenty-six questionnaries were returned and one letter was received in response. Replies were from 13 research scientists (including clinicians), six laboratory diagnosticians, four regulatory workers, three administrators, and one person of unknown specialization. PMID- 7343069 TI - An hypothesis of the pathogenesis of curb in horses. AB - An hypothesis on the pathogenesis of curb in horses is considered in the light of conformation, work and the appropriate mechanics. Prevention consists of graded work until the planter tarsal ligament has strengthened sufficiently to withstand maximum normal forces. PMID- 7343070 TI - [Myasthenia gravis in a young dog (author's transl)]. AB - Myasthenia gravis in a young dogMyasthenia gravis is a rare disease in dogs and cats. This article presents a case of myasthenia gravis affecting a young dog. The clinical signs are presented and there is a description of the typical attitude of the animal affected by this particular disease. The way to confirm the diagnosis is described and there is a discussion of the different aspects of the disease. PMID- 7343071 TI - Exercise in diagnostic radiology. Pulmonary calcification. PMID- 7343072 TI - A serological survey of Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona in Alberta and Saskatchewan striped skunks and possible transmission between cattle and skunks. AB - The range of known occurrence of Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona is extended to Alberta in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis); no evidence of L. sejroe was found. Reacting sera from skunks were confined to the southern portion of Alberta and adjacent Saskatchewan, although a number of reactors were found sufficiently further north in Saskatchewan suggesting that a different mode of infection may be functioning there. Of 95 skunk sera from near a dairy farm infected with serotype pomona 40% were reactors. Of 438 skunk sera from other areas only 5.7% were reactors; that difference was suggestive of transmission from cattle to skunks on the dairy farm. Of 22 skunk sera collected near the dairy farm in summer none were reactors, whereas 52% of skunk sera taken the previous and following winters were. That seasonal difference was not evident among sera from other locations. PMID- 7343073 TI - Disseminated mycosis: a danger with systemic corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7343074 TI - Porcine neonatal coccidiosis. AB - Coccidia were identified in intestinal sections from 82 piglets comprising 37 consignments from 34 farms, and represented a yearly increasing incidence in the three years 1978 to 1980. Piglets were primarily from medium to large farms with intensive, continuous-farrowing, confinement-rearing programs. Piglets, usually five days to 15 days old, had yellow, fluid diarrhea, became unthrifty and sometimes died. In six piglets from two farms, a green, adherent, fibrinonecrotic membrane was seen throughout most of the jejunum and ileum. Significant gross lesions were not observed in the other 76 piglets. Moderate to severe villous atrophy of jejunum and ileum was seen histologically. Various asexual and sexual stages of coccidia were seen within parasitophorous vacuoles of villar epithelial cells. Multifocal erosions with necrosis of villar tips and occasionally more diffuse mucosal necrosis with fibrinocellular exudate were seen. Isospora suis oocysts were identified in feces from several weaners from one farm. Amprolium and decoquinate mixed in the sow ration at 1 kg/tonne for three weeks prior to and postfarrowing was moderately successful in stopping outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea associated with coccidiosis. PMID- 7343075 TI - Exercise in diagnostic radiology. Pharyngeal hematoma. PMID- 7343076 TI - Termination of pregnancy with cloprostenol and dexamethasone in intact or ovariectomized cows. AB - Termination of pregnancy in cows was investigated using sham-operated (SH) or ovariectomized (OV) cows treated with either a saline vehicle (V), cloprostenol (PG), dexamethasone (DEX) or dexamethasone and cloprostenol (DEX+PG). Surgery was done at 210 days of pregnancy and treatment was administered 72 hours later. Days (mean+/-S.E.) from treatment to termination of pregnancy for the treatment groups were: sham-operated +vehicle (SH+V): 61.5+/-11.3; ovariectomized+vehicle (OV+V): 53.4+/-15.7; sham-operated+cloprostenol (SH+PG): 61.8+/-1.7; ovariectomized+cloprostenol (OV+PG): 54.5+/-13.1; shamoperated+dexamethasone (SH+DEX): 74.8+/-4.8; ovariectomized+dexamethasone (OV+DEX): 2.8+/-0.4; shamoperated+dexamethasone+cloprostenol (SH+DEX+PG) 26.0+/-23.0; ovariectomized+dexamethasone+cloprostenol (OV+DEX+PG): 7.2+/-4.9. Pregnancies in the OV+DEX and OV+DEX+PG groups were terminated significantly earlier than in all other groups (P<0.05) except the SH+DEX+PG group. These findings suggest that dexamethasone will terminate pregnancy in cows near seven months of gestation after the ovarian source of progesterone has been removed by either an injection of prostaglandin or by ovariectomy. PMID- 7343078 TI - Pasteurella haemolytica in the bovine reproductive tract. PMID- 7343077 TI - Efficacy and dissipation of permethrin for the control of the northern fowl mite in hens. AB - Laying hens were treated with permethrin at the rate of 20 mg per bird to determine efficacy against northern fowl mites Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago) and the dissipation of residues over a 42-day period. Permethrin provided greater than 99% control of mites for at least 42 days posttreatment as compared to malathion which did not substantially reduce mite infestations. Carbaryl and coumaphos treatment resulted in limited reductions with mite populations recovering by two to three weeks posttreatment. Maximum residues of permethrin in breast muscle, body fat and the uropidium occurred on day 1 posttreatment and were still present in fatty tissue in detectable quantities on day 42. Residues in egg yolk appeared on day 3 posttreatment and peaked on day 7 with trace quantities still present on day 21. Permethrin was not found in egg white. Low residues were found in the liver and gizzard from day 1 through to day 7. PMID- 7343079 TI - Mitral valve reconstruction versus prosthetic valve replacement. PMID- 7343080 TI - Advances in the surgical management of congenital heart disease in adults. PMID- 7343081 TI - Acute dissection of the aorta. PMID- 7343082 TI - Long-term results of operations for mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease. AB - There are few published reports regarding the long-term results of the operative treatment of significant mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease. The few available reports deal with mitral replacement and myocardial revascularization. However, we prefer mitral repair to mitral replacement with myocardial revascularization. Eighty-seven patients were operated upon with ejection fractions between 0.1 and normal. In 16 patients it was necessary to replace the mitral valve; however, the valve was repaired in the remaining 71 patients. By actuarial curve the survival rate at 9 years was 60 percent for the entire series, and 18 percent in the 16 patients with mitral valve replacement and revascularization. This contrasted with a 73 percent survival rate for those patients with repair of the mitral valve and revascularization. We feel strongly that if repair is done properly, it is far superior to mitral valve replacement for the patient with mitral insufficiency secondary to coronary artery disease. PMID- 7343083 TI - Postmyocardial infarction left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 7343084 TI - Effect in vitro of high doses of hCG in the progesterone synthesis from pregnenolone in human term placenta. PMID- 7343085 TI - A new colorimetric assay for UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity. PMID- 7343086 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor and thromboxane are necessary for liver regeneration. PMID- 7343087 TI - The effects of ethanol on preganglionic nerve fibers. PMID- 7343091 TI - Splenic platelet retention and thrombocytopoiesis in schistosomal splenomegaly. PMID- 7343088 TI - Chemoarchitectonics of spinal cord of a microchiropteran bat (Taphozous melanopogon Temminck). PMID- 7343089 TI - Influence of hypothyroidism on histochemical pattern of peripheral nerves. PMID- 7343090 TI - The labrocytes (mast cells) of the mammalian central nervous system-VII. glycogen in the labrocytes (mast cells) of the leptomeninges of a baby rat brain. PMID- 7343092 TI - Evolution of structural and biochemical properties of rat skin collagen during maturation. PMID- 7343093 TI - An improved non-perfusion method for the isolation and purification of rat foetal and neonatal hepatocytes. PMID- 7343094 TI - Evolutive changes of ploidy and polynucleation in adult rat hepatocytes in culture. PMID- 7343095 TI - Synthesis and regulation of molecular forms of yeast acid phosphatase. PMID- 7343096 TI - Purification of glycoprotein from 'conditioned medium' of spontaneously malignant transformed fibroblast cells; cell-spreading effect of this glycoprotein on so-called reticulum cells cultured in serum-free medium. PMID- 7343098 TI - [Surgical treatment of lesions of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpo phalangeal joint of the thumb]. PMID- 7343097 TI - [Review of 41 cases of homolateral and simultaneous fracture of the femur and tibia]. PMID- 7343099 TI - [A new type of osteotome for metatarsal osteotomies]. PMID- 7343101 TI - [Radiological technics for study of the carpal scaphoid]. PMID- 7343100 TI - [Correction of an important deformity of the left lower limb]. PMID- 7343102 TI - [Notes on isolated fracture of the small humeral tuberosity]. PMID- 7343103 TI - [Wagner's superficial arthroprosthesis. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7343104 TI - [Biomechanical notes. The MacMurray operation]. PMID- 7343105 TI - [Skeletal changes caused by villonodular pigmented tenosynovitis]. PMID- 7343106 TI - [Pigmented villonodular synovitis: research methods and differential diagnostic problems]. PMID- 7343107 TI - [Use of a new microwave apparatus in the physical therapy-orthopedic field]. PMID- 7343108 TI - [Acromioclavicular joint dislocation and its treatment. Review of 103 cases]. PMID- 7343109 TI - [Arthrography of the shoulder. Technics and indications]. PMID- 7343110 TI - [Index finger replacement by the third finger. Indications and surgical technic]. PMID- 7343111 TI - [Anatomo-physiological aspects of the carpal scaphoid in articular movements of the wrist]. PMID- 7343112 TI - [The Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinico radiographic description of a case]. PMID- 7343113 TI - [Hereditary osteo-onychodystrophy. Study of a familial case]. PMID- 7343114 TI - [Lumbosacral myeloradicular syndromes caused by anomalies of the dural sac]. PMID- 7343115 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors: diagnostic problems]. PMID- 7343116 TI - [Percutaneous liver biopsy by posterior approach]. PMID- 7343117 TI - [A case of cystic dilatation of the common bile duct with bilio-digestive fistula]. PMID- 7343118 TI - [Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma in the patient under periodic hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 7343119 TI - [Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: case reports]. PMID- 7343120 TI - [Dysontogenetic cysts of the liver: description of a clinical case]. PMID- 7343121 TI - [Case reports contributing to the knowledge of megamycetoma]. PMID- 7343122 TI - [Crossectomy as treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limb: case reports]. PMID- 7343123 TI - [A gastric Precancerous lesion: the adenomatous polyp]. PMID- 7343124 TI - [Gastric ulcer: precancerous lesion]. PMID- 7343126 TI - [General review of the clinical results obtained with Biltricide in the treatment of human schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343125 TI - [Treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343127 TI - [The influence of malaria chemoprophylaxis on health of a rural community in West Africa (author's transl)]. AB - In the village population of Mali situated in the sudan savanna, malariometric indices and hematocrit values were performed before and after mass drug administration given every 15 days by a nurse to three-quarters of the population, with the remaining quarter receiving a placebo. In this population, endemic malaria was stable and high, essentially caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The "protected" population showed a decrease of parasite rate and spleen rate with concomitent rise in hematocrit values. Following the rainy season, when transmission of malaria is highest, the normally observed increase in malariometric indices with lowered hematocrit values were not seen during chemoprophylaxis. While splenomegaly found in rural children is related to malaria, the main etiology of anaemia observed in this age group is probably malaria but a role is played by others factors. PMID- 7343128 TI - [Treatment and prophylaxis of amoebiasis. New therapeutics in view (author's transl)]. AB - Problems posed by treatment of amoebiasis differ according to latitudes, safe immunologic reactions and technics of no invasive exploration allowed important progress, but diagnostic means are rarely disposable in Africa. Great progress of last ten years is owed to arrival of metronidazole and derivates under oral form and recently injectable. These therapeutics compose the base of treatment. In the first part, the author proposes a practice classification of different amoebicides in these groups; derivatives of the 5 nitro-imidazole, dehydroemetine, and other amoebicides. Structural characters, posology and the presentation of essential imidazole derivates are ouned up in a synoptic table. Pharmacokinetics characteristics, efficacy and secondary effects are studied afterwards. In a second part, indications and management are considered about means manifestations of amoebiasis. PMID- 7343129 TI - [International sanitary control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343130 TI - [International health regulation and world epidemiological situation (author's transl)]. AB - The world epidemiological situation shows to day an important set back of past pandemic diseases. The International Health Regulation (IHR) will soon include only three diseases. The three others will be added to the diseases under international surveillance: poliomyelitis, epidemic influenza and malaria. These satisfactory results have been obtained partially by the the application of the IHR. Nevertheless, some other infectious diseases appear potentially dangerous (for instance, the viral african haemorrhagic fevers). Moreover, many residual forms of pestilential diseases are persisting and give them a renewed and present interest. Subjects to new arrangements in the form and in the mind, the maintenance of an international health legislation will be always a necessity. The face that this convention undergoes frequent infringements does not prevent that, contrary to the appearances, it is finally proving effective and necessary. PMID- 7343131 TI - [Radioimmunologic dosage of total IgE serum in various helminthiases and protozoan infections (author's transl)]. AB - The both purposes of our investigation were to determine initially the level of total serum IgE in various parasitic infections and the variations of this level after the initiation of specific treatment. In the study, III sera from black race patients with a clinical and biological diagnosis of helmintic or protozoal infections and without allergic diseases were tested by the commercially available "Radioimmunosorbent test" (Pharmacia Laboratories). In helmintic infections: the IgE concentration was higher than normal level: --in 100% of patients infested with ankylostoma, trichocephalus (mean concentration m: 2,961 UI/ml) or schistosoma (m: 1,578 UI/ml); --in 70% of patients infested with ascaris (m: 1,110 UI/ml). In protozoal infections: the abnormal IGE level was found only in 44% and 14% of cases respectively of malaria (m = 704 UI/ml) and of leishmaniasis (441 UI/ml). The time course of total serum IgE determined after the treatment initiation showed that: a) in patients with intracellular helminthiasis and protozoal infections serum IgE concentrations were gradually increased in a statistically highly significant way; b) in cases with intestinal helminthiasis, high levels disappeared ane returned rapidly to normal values. PMID- 7343132 TI - [Autoantibodies in human african trypanosomiasis (smooth muscle antibodies during a Trypanosoma gambiense disease) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient with a T. gambiense african trypanosomiasis who presented up to one year after treatment autoimmune disorders seemingly related to this infection, and especially smooth muscle autoantibodies with high titres, antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to erythrocytes, and rheumatoid factors, with probably production of immune complexes and complement activation by both pathways. The particularity of this case is the production of smooth muscle autoantibodies, which has never been reported before in african trypanosomiasis. It seems that other usual conditions of smooth muscle antibodies production may be eliminated, and no antigenic community between some components of smooth muscles and trypanosomes has been found. So it may be an autoimmune disorder induced by trypanosomiasis and possibly linked with cytotoxicity effects. PMID- 7343133 TI - [False reactions in hydatic serology in order to improve its value (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied false reactions in hydatic serology in order to improve its value. We have found false positive reactions in two cases of tumor (hepatic sclerocholangiomatosis and pleural mesothelioma) and among children showing cor's milk protein intolerance when serum is tested with an antigen extracted from ox's lung. As for false negative reactions, they are scarcely due to circulating antigens. We have found, for 34 falsely negative serums, IgG, IgM and above all IgE levels lower than the levels of patients showing a positive serology. PMID- 7343134 TI - [Antibiotherapy of purulent meningitis in Africa in 1981]. AB - The place of the different anti-bacterial drugs in the treatment of purulent meningitis must be reconsidered in view of the bacteriological pharmacological and socio-economical data. Sulphonamids have no more interest because of the multiplication of resistant strains in most of the bacterial species. Penicillin G, with a narrow spectrum, keeps good indications (Meningococci and Pneumococci) but its use lacks convenience. With its very broad spectrum of activity, its long half life and its low cost, Chloramphenicol is actually the reference drug well adapted to the particular conditions of Africa. Ampicillins, often too expensive, show a more and limited activity against gram negative pathogens and should be supplied by the Cephalosporins "of the last generation" if not so costly. PMID- 7343135 TI - [Prevention and treatment of enterobacterial infections]. PMID- 7343136 TI - [Principles for antibiotics use in tropical environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343137 TI - [Supervision of the antibiotic therapy in tropical areas (author's transl)]. AB - The use of antibiotics in tropical areas is coming up against many various problems. It is necessary to organize a supervision of the antibiotic therapy, which must be more severe. The diagnosis of bacterial diseases should be carried out in small laboratories, in rural regions. Microbiological researches, adapted to every country, are devoted to national laboratories. For the latter, collaborating regularly with international reference centres is very helpful. So it is easy to assure a continuous epidemiological surveillance of the major disease and to study bacteria, in order to find out resistant strains. PMID- 7343138 TI - [Epidemiology and pathologic results of chronic carriers state of hepatitis B in Mali]. AB - The HB antigen of the hepatitis B (HB) virus, studied by counter immunoelectrophoresis shows a prevalence of 8.7% in 1,860 rural Malians and 11.3% in 764 blood donors from Bamako. Amongst 1,350 hospitalised patients, no correlation could be established between the HBs antigen chronic carriers state and other infectious diseases, malnutrition or genetic deficiencies. On the other hand, the prevalence of HBs antigen is particularly high in hepatic infections: acute and chronic hepatitis (53.5%), cirrhosis (31.5%) and hepatomas (25.3%). The study of the prevalence of hepatitis B by radioimmunoassay of the HBV seric markers was carried out in: --176 "healthy" town dwellers of which 97.2% were carriers of at least one marker--HBs Ag: 16.5%; anti-HBc alone: 34.1%; anti-HBs: 46.6%--. --30 subjects with cirrhosis--HBs Ag: 66.7%; anti-HBc alone: 10.0%; anti HBs: 23.3%--. --42 subjects with PHC--HBs Ag: 47.6%; anti-HBc alone: 23.8%; anti HBs: 28.6%--. The difference in HBs Ag carrier state between patients (cirrhosis and PHC) and controls, cross-matched for sex and age, is highly significative--p = 0,0001--. PMID- 7343139 TI - [Viral vaccines: present and future (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343140 TI - [Variations in human parasitic diseases: malaria and schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Until now, not any human vaccine against parasites can't be prepared. However, experimental researches are more and more numerous, with two major aims: Malaria and Schistosomiasis. Three vaccines are considered in Malaria: --sporozoite vaccine, --merozoite-vaccine, --gametocyte-vaccine. Important advances were realized after the control of new techniques: --in vitro cultivation of malaria parasites, --production of monoclonal antibodies, --industrial breeding of anopheles. But the applications in men still remain a remote object. The vaccines against schistosomiasis can be killed vaccines or live vaccines; the use of radio vaccines is full of promise. The difficulties of vaccination against protozoal or helminthic parasites are due in part to the misappreciation of real defensive means in the parasited host. A serious progress would be to devise artificial systems drawing near of physiological phenomenons. PMID- 7343141 TI - [The part of immunizations in controlling endemo-epidemic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343143 TI - [Fluorometry of the vitreous body. Technics of evaluation and improvement of the spatial resolution]. PMID- 7343142 TI - [Development of an operational immunization programme (author's transl)]. AB - Following the severe 1974 W. H. O. warning, many countries want to develop an expanded programme of immunization during the period extending till 1990, to control 6 major diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, pertussis, measles and TB. No single programme can be proposed as the economic, epidemiological and structural problems differ according to countries and regions. C. Fillastre suggests a methodology to be used in the assessment of the initial situation with regard to existing epidemiological data, immunizations against the afore mentioned diseases, vaccines health structures (cold chain) and staff. The implementation of the supervision of material and staff and of an assessment system, allowing programme changes at any time on the basis of improvements achieved is mandatory. PMID- 7343145 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos in Albright's dystrophy]. PMID- 7343144 TI - [Ocular complications in prolapse of the mitral valve : apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7343146 TI - [Ocular autoimmunity and retinoblastoma]. PMID- 7343147 TI - [Macular dystrophies of the macula in relation to congenital anomalies of the choroidal circulation]. PMID- 7343148 TI - [A new case of peripheral circular epithelial atrophy]. PMID- 7343149 TI - [Endodiathermy of retinal tears and holes]. PMID- 7343150 TI - [The triangular syndrome : clinical and angiographic aspects in the acute stage]. PMID- 7343151 TI - [Demonstration of antilacrimal gland antibodies in the dry syndrome]. PMID- 7343152 TI - [Contribution of infrared thermography to the study of the lacrimal film]. PMID- 7343153 TI - [Uveitis and drug addiction. Clinical aspects and therapeutic problems apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 7343154 TI - [Value of inserts in the treatment of dry eye syndromes (preliminary results)]. PMID- 7343155 TI - [Surgical treatment of a congenital fistula of the lacrimal sac]. PMID- 7343156 TI - [Evaluation of bicanalicular intubation by silastic in injuries of the lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 7343157 TI - [Nosologic and prognostic problems posed by a lymphocytic tumor of the lacrimal gland]. PMID- 7343158 TI - [Endothelial effect of a topical anesthetic. Study using specular microscopy]. PMID- 7343161 TI - [Measurement of torsion in paralysis of the superior oblique muscle]. PMID- 7343160 TI - [Recession of the inferior oblique muscle]. PMID- 7343159 TI - [Lymphocytic meningeal reaction and placoid pigment epitheliopathy]. PMID- 7343162 TI - [Bitemporal hemianopsia in poisoning by quinine and synthetic antimalarials]. PMID- 7343163 TI - [Complex oculomotor disorder after fracture of the orbital floor]. PMID- 7343164 TI - [Sequential scintigraphy of the lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 7343165 TI - Breast cancer population screening by single view mammography with selective clinical examination--a pilot study. PMID- 7343166 TI - Variability of lymphocyte response to PHA in patients with operable breast carcinoma: effect of cell concentration, PHA dose, serum and period of cultivation. PMID- 7343167 TI - Side and stage in breast cancer. PMID- 7343168 TI - Treatment of malignant melanoma by intravascular 4-hydroxyanisole. PMID- 7343169 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 7343170 TI - Seventeen year survival in a patient with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. PMID- 7343171 TI - The role of axillary lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 7343172 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of chest lesions in the pediatric patient. AB - The role of computed tomography (CT) in the management of chest masses in the pediatric patient is emphasized and illustrated. Thirty-seven patients with various chest lesions who had both CT and conventional radiologic evaluations are reviewed. CT was the most consistently accurate examination, especially in the evaluation of disease extent and relationship with other organs. CT was the only modality to provide clinically useful information in 27% of the cases, and it provided significant additional information in another 24% of the group. PMID- 7343173 TI - Application of computed tomography in differential diagnosis of radiographic opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen. AB - The differential diagnosis of radiographic homogeneous opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen is very often a dilemma for radiologists. Recently we have encountered the following 8 cases in which the correct radiologic diagnoses (confirmed pathologically) were made only by computed tomography: pyogenic liver abscesses (2 cases), subphrenic hematoma, pancreatitis with pseudocyst, adrenal cortical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma with liver metastasis, lower lobe pulmonary infarction, and metastatic breast cancer in the peri-esophageal region. The CT findings displayed not only the anatomic location and extent of these lesions but also the unique characteristics of many of the pathologic processes that produce these otherwise nonspecific radiographic opacities. It is our purpose here to demonstrate the CT findings in such patients and to advocate CT study as a very effective diagnostic modality in those patients who present with radiographic homogeneous opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen. PMID- 7343174 TI - The anomalous left renal vein: CT appearance and clinical implications. AB - Persistence of portions or all of the fetal venous drainage of the left kidney may lead to a preaortic, circumaortic, or retroaortic type of left renal vein. The preaortic left renal vein, found in 85% of all cases, is almost always seen on abdominal CT scans. Its absence should alert the radiologist to look for a possible anomalous course. Awareness of associated anomalies such as duplication or transposition of the inferior vena cava makes the CT appearance of the anomalous left renal vein distinguishable from lymphadenopathy or dilated gonadal veins (14). The increased frequency of surgical procedures of the kidneys and the perirenal area has shown the need to recognize and document abnormal renal vasculature on CT scans of the abdomen. PMID- 7343175 TI - CT demonstration of spontaneous internal drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7343177 TI - CT demonstration of wandering basilar artery: a case report. PMID- 7343176 TI - Isodense hepatic metastases in fatty liver. PMID- 7343178 TI - Ultrasonography in maternal complications of pregnancy. PMID- 7343179 TI - The effectiveness of psychometric testing to identify alcoholics in a narcotic dependent population. PMID- 7343180 TI - Hypertension and alcoholism. AB - This study attempts to examine the hypotheses that elevated blood pressure among regular users of substantial amounts of alcohol may be related to either an acute direct effect of alcohol and/or to alcohol withdrawal. One hundred white, male, chronic alcoholics between the ages of 18 and 60, were monitored for blood pressure on admission and during detoxification from alcohol while in residential treatment. Thirty one percent of the subjects had blood pressure above 160 systolic and 95 diastolic on admission. This percentage declined as hospitalization progressed, to an eventual ten percent after one week. This reduction in the number of patients with high blood pressure seemed to be related primarily to abstinence from alcohol and could not be attributed to drugs or rest, since no drugs except vitamins were administered after the second day and all of the subjects were involved in physical activities. The analysis of our data suggests that the evaluation of the drinking habits of hypertensive patients is important since abstinence from alcohol could be a factor in controlling hypertension. PMID- 7343181 TI - Premature termination of treatment among alcoholics: predicting outpatient clinic dropouts. AB - Authors predicted that adult alcoholics with relatively higher scores on obsessive-compulsive drinking subscale of Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI-4) and psychasthenia scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-7) would be better candidates for successful completion of traditional outpatient treatment. Both tests were administered to 89 successively admitted outpatients who were tracked through treatment and later classified as dropouts (premature unilateral termination of treatment, N = 57), mutuals (patient-therapist agreement on appropriate termination, N = 22), or open cases (patients still in treatment at end of 6 months, N = 10). AUI-4, but not MMPI-7, successfully identified dropouts, mutuals, and open cases, and significantly differentiated between dropouts and all other patients. AUI-4 and MMPI-7 were significantly and positively correlated, and AUI-4, but not MMPI-7, was significantly and positively related to number of therapy sessions. PMID- 7343182 TI - How Americans say they drink: preliminary data from two recent national surveys. AB - Data from two recent National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) surveys which included alcohol consumption questions are described. These surveys are the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I), providing alcohol consumption, dietary recall, health and demographic data for over 20,000 respondents; and the Health Habits Section of the 1977 Health Interview Survey (HIS) which provides responses of 23,000 people on drinking behavior and health factors such as smoking, physical disabilities, and dietary habits. Drinking data from these surveys are limited but of sufficient accuracy to be useful for cross classification of drinking with health, socio-economic and demographic variables. Drinking patterns correlate reasonably well with those reported in other national surveys. Selected findings show that patterns of drinking and dietary intake are similar at national and regional levels, with the South remaining the region lowest in alcohol consumption levels. Surveys consistently under-report alcohol quantities expected from sales in all regions; potential reasons for this are discussed. Highest consumption is reported by males (3 to 4 times that of females), those with European national origins, those who are working or in school (college) rather than those who are retired or keeping house, and those between 25 and 64 years old. Beer remains the beverage of choice, particularly among those who are the heaviest drinkers. The potential for future analyses of drinking behavior and its health implications is explored, and areas for further investigation are suggested. Data preparations have been completed so that information on alcohol consumption can be more readily related to medical history, medical examination, laboratory findings, disability, and health care data in these surveys. PMID- 7343183 TI - Alcohol and other drug dependence in adolescence: characteristics of those who seek treatment, and outcome of treatment. PMID- 7343184 TI - Serum alcohol levels and the incidence of trauma. PMID- 7343185 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis among female alcoholics. PMID- 7343186 TI - Drinking patterns and preferences among heart patients. AB - The pattern of alcohol consumption and beverage preferences of heart patients were investigated in 3026 men and 760 women who have had coronary arteriography due to symptoms of coronary heart disease. The younger male heart patients (less than 40 years old) as a group had higher proportion of abstainers and heavy drinkers (more than six drinks daily) than the age-matched reference groups from the general population; the opposite was true for male patients over 60 years of age. The preference for hard liquor (more than 50% of total alcohol intake) tended to rise with age and extent of coronary artery occlusion. Wine as a preferred beverage was reported by approximately 10% of the male patients. The female patients had about twice as high prevalence of abstainers as the male patients. PMID- 7343187 TI - The stress of children's births: gender differences in the impact on alcoholics. AB - Previously reported gender differences regarding the role of discrete life change events in the onset of alcoholism are examined through a systematic evaluation of the histories of 586 alcoholics. Several methodological features of this research distinguish it from investigations reported in the past. The use of a structured, topically organized interview protocol eliminated possible biases introduced by gender differences in the tendency to attribute the onset of alcoholism to life change. The application of an actuarial analytic procedure allowed an examination of the temporal relationship between life change (births of children) and the onset of alcoholism and a restriction of the period of risk for the onset of alcoholism following discrete life change to two years. The focus on a single type of life change event, births of children, reflects an established concern with the role of gynecological events in the onset of alcoholism among women and allows of the general comparisons. Results indicate that, among those ever at risk of first experiencing alcohol-related problems during the two year period following the birth of a child, males show a statistically significantly higher percentage with the onset of alcoholism during this time period than do females. The birth of a first child was found to be most strongly related to the development of problem drinking. Among males, but not among females, the birth of a first child was also found to follow the onset of alcoholism by two years in a significant number of cases. PMID- 7343189 TI - Contextual drinking patterns of college students: the relationship between typical companion status and consumption level. PMID- 7343188 TI - Relationship between prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions among Oklahoma Native Americans. AB - Oklahoma Indian tribes are ranked according to five problem drinking indicators and five socioeconomic indices. The relationship between the tribes' prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions is examined. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions predicted high rates of alcohol problems, but more favorable conditions did not predict low rates. Social controls may be more important than socioeconomic conditions in controlling alcohol problems among Oklahoma Native Americans. In a previously published study we found that Native American tribes in Oklahoma varied dramatically in the extent to which they suffered from alcohol problems. In this followup study we have sought explanation for these large differences by comparing the socioeconomic conditions of the tribes to their rates of alcohol related problems. The relationship between socioeconomic conditions and alcohol problems has received considerable attention in the literature. Popham, et. al. found that when the price of beverage alcohol relative to average disposable (real) income is high, indices of alcohol consumption and alcoholism are usually low, and vice versa. In a similar vein, Edwards et. al. suggested that alcoholism is likely to increase the risk of death more in upperclass than in lowerclass alcoholics. On the other hand, others have blamed economic deprivations for high rates of problem drinking, especially among disadvantaged minorities. Price suggested that Indian societies which had little access to economic opportunities have more drinking problems than those with great access. Caravedo found that socioeconomic deprivation is a primary factor in both the etiology and the medical consequences of alcoholism. PMID- 7343190 TI - Effects of ethanol and related drugs on the physical and functional properties of brain membranes. AB - The fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was incorporated into myelin and synaptic plasma membrane fractions prepared from mouse brain. The absorption-corrected fluorescence and polarization of the fluorescent probe a molecule and the membrane absorbance were measured simultaneously, using a computer-centered spectrofluorimeter. In vitro exposure of synaptic membranes to ethanol (25-100 mM) decreased all three parameters in a dose-dependent manner. The order of sensitivity was: corrected fluorescence greater than or equal to polarization much greater than absorbance. Myelin was not affected by these concentrations of ethanol, indicating a selective effect on synaptic membranes. The polarization of fluorescence of DPH in synaptic membranes was also decreased by tert-butanol, pentobarbital, and cis- and trans-vaccinic acid. The results suggest that ethanol and related drugs perturb the hydrophobic interior of synaptic membranes. These compounds also increased the exposure of synaptic sulfhydryl groups and inhibited the depolarization- and ATP-dependent uptake of calcium by synaptosomal preparations. These results suggest that the perturbation altered the conformation of synaptic proteins and inhibited the transport of calcium by synaptosomal membranes. PMID- 7343191 TI - Menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive effects on alcohol pharmacokinetics in caucasian females. AB - We investigated the relationship between oral contraceptives, day of menstrual cycle and alcohol pharmacokinetics in 20 Caucasian females. Peak blood alcohol concentration was higher and clearance rates were faster on Day 1 (when hormonal levels were low) than on Day 24. No pill subjects reached a higher BAC than did pill subjects on Day 24 but not on Day 1. Clearance rates of no pill subjects were faster on Day 24 than for pill subjects. Results suggest that female sex steroids, directly or indirectly, reduce peak BAC and slow clearance rates. PMID- 7343194 TI - A rat model of the fetal alcohol syndrome--preliminary histological findings. AB - A semipurified liquid diet was used to develop a chronic rat model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Adult female rats were fed a control or 40% ethanol (percent of total caloric intake) liquid diet. Additional controls were pair fed to the 40% experimental group. Results of the effects of these diets on the offspring included both qualitative and quantitative changes observed in Golgi study of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. PMID- 7343192 TI - The effect of ethanol consumption during gestation on maternal-fetal amino acid metabolism in the rat. AB - The distribution of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), administered intravenously, in maternal, fetal and placental tissues was examined in the rat on gestation-day 21. Ethanol consumption during gestation (day 6 through 21) significantly reduced the uptake of AIB by the placenta and fetus while exerting no influence on maternal tissue AIB uptake. The concentration of fetal plasma free histidine was decreased 50% as a result of maternal ethanol ingestion, but the free histidine level of maternal plasma was not altered. Since no effect on protein content of fetal tissue could be detected, it is speculated that reduced histidine to the fetus might significantly alter the amounts of histamine and carnosine formed via their precursor. The significance of these findings in relation to the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7343193 TI - Symptoms of neonatal ethanol withdrawal. AB - Neonatal withdrawal symptoms in 15 cases of fetal alcohol syndrome with maternal intoxication at time of delivery, reported in 9 studies, are compared with symptoms reported in 138 cases of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. Seen frequently in ethanol but rarely in narcotic withdrawal are abdominal distention and opisthotonos. Seen frequently in narcotic but rarely in ethanol withdrawal are high pitch cry, frequent yawning, excessive sucking, mottling of the skin, excoriation, nasal stuffiness, excess sweating, sleeplessness and diarrhea. Seen frequently in both are increased muscle tonicity and tremors; however, convulsions are rare in narcotic yet are fairly frequent in neonatal ethanol withdrawal. PMID- 7343196 TI - Physiological action tremor: a basis for understanding alcohol withdrawal tremor. AB - Tremor measurements were obtained from 12 male volunteers before and during ethanol intoxication. The tremor recorded during extension and flexion of the hand is called physiological action tremor (PAT) and shares many of the same frequency, amplitude, and electromyographic characteristics reported for withdrawal tremor (WT). This report focuses on the relationships of these two tremors and presents further evidence to consider that PAT and WT might be controlled by the same mechanisms. PMID- 7343195 TI - Abnormal electroencephalograms in male alcoholics after methohexital (brevital) injection. A pilot study. PMID- 7343197 TI - EEG differences between male alcoholics in withdrawal and those stabilized in treatment. AB - There is evidence that alcohol abuse and withdrawal produces cerebral impairment, some of which may be temporary and some permanent. This impairment has been found to be relatively specific in terms of brain areas affected. Recently our laboratory reported evidence that psychometrically measured impairment was systematically related to the energy in high frequency (beta-2) bands of the EEG. In the present study we attempted to determine the EEG patterns for male alcoholics undergoing withdrawal in comparison to patients who had been stabilized. PMID- 7343198 TI - [A follow-up survey on airborne fungal spore counts in the Taipei area (author's transl)]. AB - The airborne fungal spore count was determined daily from 1975 to 1979 at six different stations in the Taipei Area. The count per year was 5656/cm2 in average. More than 75% of the spores could be identified microscopically and classified into 14 genera. The spore season was found from May to October in the Taipei Area. The count per month during this period reached 632/cm2. Only 311/cm2/month was found from November to April. Data collected from the six stations differed slghtly, the count was low in the city (4853/cm2/year) and high in the suburbs (8801/cm2/year). The counts were very close in the first four years (4325-4677/cm2/year), but dropped dramatically in the fifth year (2017/cm2/year). The spore count was influenced by temperature, humidity, rainfall as well as wind velocity. Among the 14 genera found by the slide method, six could not be isolated by the plate culture method. Other 24 genera isolated with plates did not appear on the slides. PMID- 7343199 TI - Clostridia isolated from feces of rats. PMID- 7343200 TI - [Reverse relationship between mitogenic activity and suppressibility of glucocorticoids in human lymphocyte proliferation (author's transl)]. AB - Following the intravenous injection of methylprednisolone (MP), both the number of circulating lymphocytes and their responses to T cell mitogens were decreased. They reached the lowest level 4-8 hr after injection. The degree of MP suppression of cell proliferation was greater at suboptimal mitogen concentration than at optimal one, and was grater in Con A cultures than in PHA cultures. For in vitro experiments, MP suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent pattern. Similar to the results of in vivo experiments, the degree of MP suppression of cell proliferation was greater at suboptimal mitogen concentration than at optimal one, and was greater in Con A cultures than in PHA cultures. Both in vivo and in vitro results indicate the degree of MP suppression of lymphocyte proliferation was increased on exposure to weaker mitogenic activity. The mechanisms involved were discussed in detail. PMID- 7343201 TI - The importance of M-components in patients with multiple myeloma--two illustrative case reports. PMID- 7343203 TI - [Clinical application of graphic portrayal curves of labor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343202 TI - Three cases of worm proven human angiostrongyliasis in Taiwan. PMID- 7343204 TI - [Abnormal active phase of labor curve in cephalic presentation of primipara (analysis of 100 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343205 TI - [Clinical observation of ultrasonic (sector scanning) diagnosis of anencephalus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343206 TI - [Pregnancy and subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343207 TI - [Clinical analysis of 303 cases of prolonged pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343208 TI - [Determination of serum thyroxine T4 in normal subjects and pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343209 TI - [An investigation on menstruation of 2,295 high altitude women native of Qinghai (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343210 TI - [The treatment of cervical erosion with chronic acid (analysis of 470 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343211 TI - [Determination of immunosuppressive factor in sera of patients with gynecological tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343212 TI - [A study of the cause of expulsion of IUD in 200 women and improved method of IUD insertion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343213 TI - [Observation of therapeutic effect of single-dose combined administration of Qinghaosu, sulphomethoxine, pyrimethamine and primaquine in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malignant malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343214 TI - [A report of 11 cases of pure red cell aplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343215 TI - [Clinical observation of the therapeutic effect in 19 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with combined Chinese traditional and western medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343216 TI - [Comparison of quantative estimation of DNA with two kinds of nuclear area estimation in acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343217 TI - [Clinical analysis of 26 cases of late-occurring adult distal renal tubular acidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343218 TI - [Clinical analysis of 22 cases of hyperthyroidism complicated with myopathy--with pathological data in one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343219 TI - [Analysis of the clinical data of 85 cases of hyperthyroidism in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343220 TI - [Analysis of 254 dynamic electrocardiograms--comparison of 125 normal adults with 129 patients suffering from angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343221 TI - [Clinical analysis of 86 cases of superior vena cava syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343222 TI - [The late results of cerebral hemispherectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343223 TI - [Microsurgical total resection of pituitary tumor through frontosphenoidal approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343224 TI - [The diagnosis and treatment of cerebral abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343225 TI - [A preliminary investigation on the localization diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm--report of 75 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343226 TI - [Traumatic intracranial aneurysm--report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343227 TI - [A light and electron microscopic study of the pituitary adenocarcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343228 TI - [Abducens neurinoma--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343229 TI - [An investigation on clinical types of schizophrenia in its chronic stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343230 TI - [A clinical analysis of hallucinations in 70 cases of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343231 TI - [Organic stuporous state--report of 45 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343233 TI - [The course of management in secondary coma of insulin shock therapy--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343232 TI - [Effect of chloropromazine and trifluoperazine on electrocardiogram--report of 99 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343234 TI - [The relationship between the clinical diagnosis and cerebral angiography in occlusion of the carotid arterial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343236 TI - [The significance of lymphocytes E rosette-formation rate in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343235 TI - [A study on serum high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343237 TI - [A follow-up study on 46 cases of completely recovered apoplexy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343238 TI - [Clinical significance of thermography of the forehead with liquid crystal membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343239 TI - [Stiff-man syndrome--report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343240 TI - [The cross product difference method: a new statistical analysis of enumeration data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343241 TI - [Observation on the coagulative and disinfectant effects of SM-92 coagulant for drinking water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343242 TI - [A report of 46 cases of acute berylliosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343243 TI - [Toxicologic studies of dichlozoline fungicide in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343244 TI - [A method of classification of diseases and its application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343245 TI - [Effects of long-term basketball training on pupils' health (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343246 TI - [Methods for checking and evaluating analytical results of natural water supply (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343247 TI - [Evaluation of methods for improving water quality in rural water supplies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343248 TI - [The evaluation of the labour hygiene of benzene-loader (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343249 TI - [Study on vaccination schedule of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343250 TI - [Investigation on contamination of vegetables by cadmium in the Mayibang District (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343251 TI - [Observation of 137 menarchal girls--an evaluation of Frisch's "critical body composition hypothesis" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343252 TI - [Ureteric injury: an analysis of 52 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343253 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of renal injury: an analysis of 79 cases]. PMID- 7343254 TI - [Emergency management of renal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343255 TI - [Surgical treatment of multiple valvular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343256 TI - [Anesthetic management for repair of penetrating heart wounds: a report of 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343257 TI - [Surgical management of complex pulmonary hydatid disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343258 TI - [Congenital broncho-pulmonary cyst: a report of 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343259 TI - [Inversion-stripping esophagectomy for middle and advanced stage esophageal carcinoma after 60 cobalt radiotherapy: report of 11 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343260 TI - [Resection of calcinosis in deep cervical fascia for treatment of cervical spondylosis: report of 22 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343261 TI - [Treatment of femoral fracture using a self-made fixation-traction device: report of 300 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343262 TI - [Old dislocation of the hip treated with closed reduction by the method of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343263 TI - [Implantation of superficial temporal vessels into a tube flap on the neck: a new method to transfer long-thin tube for ear reconstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343264 TI - [Analysis of 287 cases of severe head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343265 TI - [Report of several cases with specific cranio-cerebral missile injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343266 TI - [Determination of patency of surgical shunts by radionuclide scanning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343267 TI - [Primary hepatic vein occlusion syndrome (PHVOS): a report of 8 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343268 TI - [A clinical study of 51 cases of hepatic alveolar hydatid disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343269 TI - [Normothermic hepatic vascular exclusion for extensive hepatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343270 TI - [Duplication of the alimentary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343271 TI - [Experience in use of nylon Velcro tourniquet for hepatic surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343272 TI - [Sites of predilection of leukoplakia and carcinoma of the oral mucosa (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study, begun in 1976, of so far 248 patients with histologically confirmed oral leukoplakia there have been 48 (27 males, 21 females) with precancerous lesions and 25 (22 males, 3 females) with carcinoma. While half of the benign leukoplakias were in the buccal region, precancerous lesions and carcinoma dominated with increasing frequency in the lower half of the oral cavity. Among the precancerous mucosal lesions 23% were in the lateral or ventral region of the tongue, 10% in the sublingual region. Among the carcinomas nearly 10% were at the back of the tongue, 29% in the lateral or ventral region of the tongue, and 23% in the floor of the mouth. Of 22 proven leukoplakias in the sublingual region 20 were either precancerous or carcinoma. In order to improve the early recognition of oral precancerous or cancerous lesions it is essential to include the lower regions in any examination of the oral cavity. PMID- 7343273 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis in chronic alcoholism and toxic alcohol damage of the liver: a contribution to the pathology of alcohol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343274 TI - [Management of treatment-resistant hypertension: comparison of the antihypertensive effect of endralazine and minoxidil (author's transl)]. AB - In 16 fo 20 patients with treatment-resistant hypertension endralazine, combined with beta-receptor blockers and diuretics, significantly lowered mean arterial blood pressure from 198/112 mmHg to 148/88 mmHg. The initial dose of endralazine was 2.5 mg three times daily. After this the dosage was increased, at the three to six-day intervals according to antihypertensive action and side effects, to a maximum of 50 mg daily in steps of 5.0--7.5 mg per dose. - In a second series of eleven additional patients with treatment-resistant renal hypertension the blood pressure lowering effect of hydralazine and minoxidil was compared in an open cross-over trial. The result was in favour of hydralazine. Sodium and water retention was slightly less marked with endralazine. Sleep disorders, increased frequency of feeling cold, moderately severe flushing with red checks and feeling hot occurred but rarely with endralazine and regressed during the period of observation. PMID- 7343275 TI - [Hematuria. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7343276 TI - [Edemas following longer administration of corticosteroids?]. PMID- 7343277 TI - [Coronary disease: early diagnosis of risk factors in childhood]. PMID- 7343278 TI - [Spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defect: incidence and course (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1971 and 1978 the diagnosis of isolated ventricular septal defect was made in 149 patients. Most of these defects were small. In the majority of cases the diagnosis was made clinically. Spontaneous closure was assumed when, all other cardiac findings being normal, the heart murmur had disappeared. This took place in 50 of the 149 cases (34%) during the period of observation. Closure rate was independent of sex and birth rate, but related to size of defect and age of patient at time of diagnosis. Closure rate was 53% for small defects, 15% for larger ones. Because of the limited period of observation the reported spontaneous closure rate is less than the true one, estimated at 70-75% up to the age of nine years. PMID- 7343279 TI - [Frequency of pulmonary causes of death in perinatal post-mortem material (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological lung changes were found to be the cause of death in 304 of 618 live births that died during the perinatal period in the years 1975-1979 (49.2%:369 males, 249 females). Causes were hyaline membrane disease (168 = 27.2%), massive lung bleeding (64 = 10.4%), pneumonia (36 = 5.8%), atelectases (29 = 4.7%), and amniotic fluid aspiration (7 = 1.1%). There were minor sex differences in the frequency of the causes, which were often present in combination. Among the pulmonary causes of death, hyaline membrane disease was the most common (55.3%), followed by massive bleeding (22.1%), pneumonia (11.8), atelectases (9.5%), and amniotic fluid aspiration (2.3%), with marked differences among premature and mature births. PMID- 7343280 TI - [Calcium and bone metabolism after jejunal bypass operation for alimentary obesity: model for a intestinally-conditioned disorder (author's transl)]. AB - Jejuno-ileostomy was performed in eight women because of severe alimentary obesity. Their calcium phosphate and bone metabolism was studied an average of 31 months post-operatively. This revealed secondary intestinal hyperparathyroidism due to an artificial malabsorption syndrome. While most of the significant metabolic factors were within normal limits, examination of calcium balance and kinetics indicated a marked disorder of calcium and bone metabolism. Calcium balance averaged-138 mg daily, corresponding to a yearly loss of skeletal mass of 4-5%. PMID- 7343281 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch purpura and its varieties]. PMID- 7343282 TI - [Surgery in health insurance patients by the senior surgeon himself]. PMID- 7343283 TI - [Multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 7343284 TI - [Prevention of venous thrombosis in recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident: double-blind study with heparin-dihydroergotamine (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomised, double-blind study 5,000 IU heparin-dihydroergotamine mesylate (Dihydergot) or placebo were administered over 14 days to 107 patients with recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident. The patients were studied daily for recent venous thrombosis in the legs by means of the 125I-fibrinogen test. Thirteen patients died before venous thrombosis had been demonstrated, 13 others were excluded by other causes. Of the 41 patients in the placebo group 23 developed venous thrombosis, but only 11 of the 40 drug-treated patients. Bilateral venous thrombosis occurred in six patients on the placebo and one patient on the drug. Univariate analysis indicated that heart failure, reduction of muscle tone, muscular power and level of consciousness favoured thrombosis. Multivariate analysis further indicated that both bed-rest of several days before start of the prophylactic treatment and extreme obesity favoured thrombosis. The relative thrombosis risk increased by a factor of 15.2 when prophylactic measures were omitted. Death rate in the treated group ws 17.4%, in the placebo group 28.0%. These results indicate that a prophylactic regimen of the type described is a practicable and effective measure after recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 7343285 TI - [Differential diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7343286 TI - [The clinical features and treatment of autonomic neuropathy]. PMID- 7343287 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of adhesive arachnoiditis]. PMID- 7343288 TI - [Exercise-induced anaphylaxis-like syndrome]. PMID- 7343289 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with prednisolone and clofazimine]. PMID- 7343290 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference LXVI. Massive hepatomegaly in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7343291 TI - [Promotion of breast feeding in the maternity unit and in the well-baby clinic]. PMID- 7343292 TI - [Bacteriological quality control of human milk]. PMID- 7343293 TI - [A fatal case of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7343294 TI - [Male puberty in a (46,XY-)girl]. PMID- 7343295 TI - [Cardiac myxoma - a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 7343296 TI - [Treatment of Antabuse reactions]. PMID- 7343297 TI - [Treatment of Sinusitis]. PMID- 7343298 TI - [Contact urticaria]. PMID- 7343299 TI - [Carcinoma of the tongue]. PMID- 7343300 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of acoustic neuroma]. PMID- 7343301 TI - [Urinary orotic acid excretion - a sensitive indicator of ammonia detoxication]. PMID- 7343302 TI - [Neurological symptoms caused by viper venom]. PMID- 7343303 TI - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]. PMID- 7343304 TI - [Benign familial neonatal convulsions]. PMID- 7343306 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference LXVII. Acute nephritis in a child dying with cerebral symptoms]. PMID- 7343305 TI - [Hyponatremia associated with diuretic therapy in an elderly patient]. PMID- 7343307 TI - Practical therapeutics--management of depression in general practice. PMID- 7343308 TI - What does the Third World need? PMID- 7343309 TI - Latent carcinoma of the prostate in Uganda. PMID- 7343310 TI - Hereditary bleeding disorders in Kenya. PMID- 7343311 TI - Results of a cross-cultural study of lipids in children in Kenya. PMID- 7343312 TI - Severe aplastic anaemia in Kenyans. PMID- 7343313 TI - Yoruba traditional healers' knowledge of contraception, abortion and infertility. PMID- 7343314 TI - Thyrotoxicosis due to isolated elevation of triiodothyronine in Ethiopian patients. PMID- 7343315 TI - Autoantibodies in Nigerian diabetics with pancreatic calcification. PMID- 7343316 TI - Omental vein rupture associated with an incisional hernia in pregnancy. PMID- 7343317 TI - Molecular mechanisms of inflammation. AB - Among a vast number of chemical mediators of inflammation such as histamine, 5 hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, SRS-A the metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) attracted vivid attention in the last ten years. Aspirin-like drugs are inhibitors of AA cyclo-oxygenation, while anti-inflammatory steroids inhibit the liberation of AA from phospholipids. These biochemical effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs lead to a suppression of generation of primary prostaglandins (e.g. PGE2) and therefore the curative action of these drugs has been explained in terms of depletion of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Recently, Samuelsson et al. described a new class of AA metabolites--leukotriens. Leukotrien C, which derives from 5 hydroperoxyeicosatetranoic acid and cysteine, is supposed to be SRS-A. The discovery of Samuelsson revived a known idea, that any biochemical transformation of AA (including the cyclo-oxygenase pathway) is initiated by its lipoxydation. Thus formed highly active hydroperoxy fatty acids and deriving oxygen-centred free radicals are important not only for a further biochemical transformation of AA, but also because of their biological action per se. In this respect Kuehl et al. proposed the most interesting idea that a true mediator of inflammation is PGG2 owing to the presence of 15-hydroperoxy group in its molecule, and its capability to generate either TXA2 or free hydroxy radical. It may well be that primary prostaglandins play a secondary role in inflammation, whereas unstable metabolites of AA are the real mediators of inflammation, owing to generation of either destructive free radicals or non-prostaglandin pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. thromboxane A2, leukotrien C, prostacyclin). PMID- 7343318 TI - Chemistry and biochemistry of superoxide dismutases. AB - The univalent reduction of oxygen to the superoxide radical is a commonplace event in biological systems, and the superoxide dismutases, which catalytically scavenge this radical, are the primary defence against its potential cytotoxicity. The superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, can interact to generate the hydroxyl radical. Superoxide dismutases are metalloenzymes that can prevent the generation of hydroxyl radical by keeping the level of superoxide radical vanishingly low. Superoxide dismutases are essential for the survival of all oxygen metabolizing organisms. There are three types of superoxide dismutases: the manganese-containing, the iron-containing, and the copper-zinc containing superoxide dismutases. The copper-zinc containing superoxide dismutases have generally been isolated from eukaryotic cells except for the enzyme from the symbiotic marine bacterium Photobacterium leiogenthi. The copper zinc containing superoxide dismutases, from different sources, have a molecular weight of about 32,000, are composed of two identical subunits, and contain one atom of copper and one atom of zinc per subunit. The copper participates in the catalytic activity of the enzyme, while the zinc plays only a structural role. The enzyme has been resolved reversibly. Superoxide dismutases have been seen to provide protection against oxygen toxicity, against compounds that cause exacerbation of oxygen toxicity, against ionizing radiation, and also against the damaging sequelae of prolonged inflammation. PMID- 7343319 TI - Orgotein--(bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase), an anti-inflammatory protein drug: discovery, toxicology and pharmacology. AB - Orgotein is the generic name adopted by the USAN Council for drug versions of the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases. It is obtained from bovine liver by a process sequentially involving heat treatment, enzymatic digestion of other proteins and purification to homogeneity by molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography. Orgotein occurs naturally in all mammalian cells, with liver, kidney, and erythrocytes being the richest sources. Prior to employing Orgotein in the clinic, a variety of toxicological and pharmacological investigations in animals have been conducted. The results of these studies are being presented. They indicate that Orgotein possesses a potent anti-inflammatory activity coupled with a pronounced lack of general pharmacological effects, and that its toxicity is of an extremely low order. Orgotein, a major topic of this workshop, is the generic name adopted in 1971 by the U.S. Adopted Names Council for drug versions of the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD). PMID- 7343320 TI - [Mechanism of the therapeutic effect of exogenous superoxide dismutase: findings and prospects]. AB - The hazards arising from oxygen radicals and the enzymatic function of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is discussed with regard to established and potential therapeutic effects of the injected enzyme. A monistic interpretation of the therapeutic effect of SOD in inflammatory diseases considers .02- production as a pathogenetic principle and the enzymatic elimination of the harmful radical by exogenous SOD as the counterbalancing mechanism. This hypothesis is elaborated upon taking into account the sites of endogenous .02- production, established .02 dependent types of tissue damage and availability of injected SOD. It is concluded that clinical conditions associated with .02- release from inflammatory cells will benefit from SOD injections, if relevant tissue levels are provided. PMID- 7343321 TI - [Clinical experiences with orgotein in the treatment of arthrosis deformans and extra-articular diseases]. PMID- 7343322 TI - [Results of a multicenter orgotein study in radiation induced and interstitial cystitis]. AB - Thirty two patients suffering from radiation or interstitial cystitis were treated according to a method, first described by Marberger, Innsbruck. This method consists of intramural PeroxinormR (orgotein) injections into the bladder wall. The injections were administered during 4 to 6 weekly intervals and were given 1 to 6 times. The dose of injection was between 4 and 6 mg, mostly 12 mg, the total dose administered was between 8 and 72 mg. For the evaluation of the treatment objective and subjective criteria, such as cystoscopic picture, pain at rest, urgency, pollakisuria, incontinence, as well as bladder capacity and micturition frequency, during day and night, were used. In all patients a definite improvement in the symptoms could be observed. All the parameters and especially the bladder capacity and micturition frequency showed remarkable results. Orgotein treatment tolerability was found to be in 90% of the cases from very good to good. PMID- 7343323 TI - [Clinical experiences with orgotein in urologic diseases]. PMID- 7343324 TI - Traditional and non-traditional foods. PMID- 7343325 TI - Remarks of DNA asymmetry. PMID- 7343326 TI - Comparison of granulation tissue formed beneath epithelial transplants with high and low bone-inducing potential. PMID- 7343327 TI - Effect of the pesticide trichlorfon on the peripheral blood of the quail. PMID- 7343328 TI - The influence of inverted illumination phases on the rhythm of activity of beta acetylglucosaminidase in the mouse liver. PMID- 7343329 TI - Effect of nitrofen mustard on the sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 7343330 TI - Sensitivity of Paramecium primaurelia and test plants to extracts from Folium betulae. PMID- 7343331 TI - The effect of Herba hyperici on Paramecium primaurelia and Lepidium sativum L. PMID- 7343332 TI - Transependymal dark phagocytes in the rat brain. PMID- 7343333 TI - [Pemphigus herpetiformis]. PMID- 7343334 TI - [Immuntherapy and immunological investigations in dermatomycoses caused by Trichophyton rubrum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343335 TI - [Two cases of total albinism type I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343337 TI - [Roentgen morphologic criteria in the diagnosis of psoriasis arthropathica]. PMID- 7343336 TI - [Argon laser treatment of selected skin alterations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343338 TI - [DNS concentration and low temperature tolerance of human sperm cells]. PMID- 7343339 TI - [Current therapeutic behavior in varicosis. Results of population study in Dippoldiswalde (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343340 TI - [Autoimmune progesterone dermatosis. A dermatosis related to menstruation or to pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343341 TI - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a newborn infant of a diabetic mother (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343342 TI - [Local supplementary administration in PUVA therapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 7343343 TI - Microsurgery of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Meeting of the International Microsurgical Group, Mallorca, 1980. PMID- 7343344 TI - Recent advances in microscopes. PMID- 7343345 TI - An economical and practical operating microscope. PMID- 7343346 TI - Surgical management of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. AB - Instruments designed for pars plana vitrectomy can be used to manage complicated congenital cataracts such as those with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). We have applied closed-eye vitrectomy techniques through a limbal approach in seven eyes with PHPV. A clear pupillary space was achieved in all cases. The management of children with complicated congenital cataracts such as PHPV is discussed. PMID- 7343347 TI - Microsurgical management of macular epiretinal membranes (macular pucker). AB - Surgical management of selected macular epiretinal membranes is possible through the use of microsurgical pars plana vitreoretinal membranectomy. Visual improvement can be significant with resolution of traction retinal detachment and retinal distortion. Complications are similar to other forms of vitreous surgery. In a series of 9 selected cases with severe reduction of visual acuity secondary to macular pucker, microsurgical membranectomy was performed with encouraging results. PMID- 7343348 TI - Reattachment of the retina by vitreous replacement using high molecular substances under microsurgical conditions. PMID- 7343349 TI - Myopic astigmatism as a substitute for accommodation in pseudophakia. AB - Pseudophacic eyes can be made nearly spectacle-independent by increasing the depth of focus of the uncorrected implanted eye. When the postoperative ametropia is a simple myopic astigmatism the uncorrected visual acuity can be above 0.4 from far to near. The quasi-constant visual acuity in different distances is due to the slow change in the dimension of the blurred retinal image when a point source comes nearer to a myopic astigmatic eye. The intersection of Sturm's conoid and the retina (i.e. the blur spot) changes mainly in form but its size changes much less than in a sperical ametropia. To obtain such a refraction the dioptric change in corneal power induced by surgery must be included in the calculation of the intraocular lens. The induced corneal ametropia is a mixed astigmatism with no equivalent power. The optical principles and the clinical results obtained with iridocapsular Binkhorst lenses are discussed. PMID- 7343350 TI - Histology of cornea after surgical handling. PMID- 7343351 TI - Teaching microsurgery. PMID- 7343352 TI - A new lid speculum. PMID- 7343353 TI - Experimental data in keratophakia. AB - With the aid of a thermistor, the temperature decrease in corneal stroma during keratophakia is measured. 1 min after the beginning of the freezing process the temperature is -15 degrees C, 1 min later it is -40 degrees C, and 4 min after the beginning of the freezing process it is -50 degrees C. This temperature course is programmed into the constant rate freezer, in which any number of tissue samples can be frozen at the same time and with a reproducible freezing curve. The preliminary results indicate that under the use of different cryoprotective agents the radioactivity after 35S incorporation is 50-70% of the non-frozen control cornea. PMID- 7343354 TI - Results of the crescent resection in keratotorus. PMID- 7343355 TI - Peripheral iridectomy. PMID- 7343356 TI - Prevention of endothelial damage by special precautions during implantation. PMID- 7343357 TI - Combined cataract extraction and trabeculotomy; further experiences. AB - A procedure combining external trabeculotomy with intracapsular cataract extraction was performed in 40 eyes of 28 patients. 77.5% were controlled without medication and there was no final reduction in visual acuity due to complication from the combined operations. The procedure is advocated for patients with glucoma who must undergo cataract extraction. PMID- 7343358 TI - Extended use of vitrectomy instruments. PMID- 7343360 TI - Illumination of field and magnification. PMID- 7343361 TI - Vitreous stripper in anterior segment surgery. PMID- 7343359 TI - Use of the ocutome in anterior segment surgery. AB - 9 patients are presented on whom anterior vitrectomy was performed. The indications included congenital rubella cataract with microphthalmos, traumatic cataract, persistent anterior and posterior hyperplastic primary vitreous, postcataract pupillary membranes, and postcataract vitreous prolapse with cystoid mascular edema. All patients to date have responded satisfactorily to the procedure. There has been no incidence of complicating retinal detachment. PMID- 7343362 TI - Vitrectomy techniques for managing selected intraocular lens complications. PMID- 7343363 TI - Ocutome during intra-ocular implant surgery. PMID- 7343364 TI - Microsurgery of retinal detachment. PMID- 7343365 TI - [Evolution of psychological pattern during rehabilitation in a group of patients with recent myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this study was to verify the evolution of the psychological characteristics of a group of patients with recent myocardial infarction, during a supervised physical training procedure. The study group consisted of 70 males, aged from 35 to 65 (mean 50 +/- 9). Every patient underwent a psychometric test battery before and after his rehabilitation program. The following tests were used: - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 16 Personality Factors Inventory - IPAT Anxiety Scale - Eysenck Personality Inventory. No patient had psychotherapic nor pharmacological treatment. Comparing the test results before and after training, a significant reduction of deviances from normal patterns was found. A clear trend towards normal values of both high and low scores was found after rehabilitation. Our data are in agreement with the concept that a supervised physical training program is able to promote psychological benefits in patients with recent myocardial infarction. These benefits can be summarized both in stronger emotional stability and in better adaptative capability. This makes their return to normal life easier. PMID- 7343366 TI - [Assessment of left and right ventricular ejection fraction by computerized radionuclide angiography after acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343367 TI - [Reliability of M-mode and B-mode echocardiography in detection of left intra atrial masses (author's transl)]. AB - Although the role of echocardiography in the detection of left atrial masses is well established, reliability of the method is yet unknown. In 312 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, echocardiographic and anatomic findings were confronted. Pre-operative diagnosis was confirmed in the 8 cases with prolapsing tumors: in the remaining patients we had 5 false positive and 9 false negative diagnosis. So in our experience, sensibility has 73.5 and specificity 98.20. PMID- 7343368 TI - Contribution of additional precordial leads to the diagnosis of existence and real extent of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7343369 TI - [Natural course of the ST-segment evaluated by the orthogonal leads of the Frank vector system in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343370 TI - [Ajmaline test for the evaluation of sinus node function in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343371 TI - A scoring system improving both sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for renovascular disease. PMID- 7343372 TI - [Blood pressure during exercise stress in young normal subjects with familial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The behaviour of Arterial Blood Pressure was evaluated, by treadmill stress testing, in a group of young subjects (15-30 years old) with one or two hypertensive siblings. The best fit of the interpolating slope function was used in interpretating the findings of haemodynamic data (A.B.P. during exercise). These data were analyzed in the same way in three control groups: normal subjects 15-30 years old; hypertensive patients aged 30-45; normal subjects aged 30-45. We compared function's coefficients and parameters in these selected groups. The results show no different response in the A.B.P during stress between the normal subject and the group, same aged, with hypertensive siblings. Significative differences in the function's coefficients, were found in the control hypertensive patients. The stress testing doesn't seem recommending in subjects at risk because of parenteral hypertension: no early alteration in A.B.P. seems to be unmasked during exercise stress. The males of the control normal subject show higher blood pressure exercise value than females. This different response is not present in the group with parenteral hypertension: a more strick familial resemblance in A.B.P. is suggested in female population. PMID- 7343373 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the treatment of severe cardiac insufficiency in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7343374 TI - [Post-infarction aneurysm of the left ventricle. Pre-operative parameters conditioning the surgical risk and remote results]. AB - 83 patients who underwent resection of postinfarction aneurysms involving the anterior wall of the left ventricle were studied to identify possible determinants of operative outcome, long-term survival and long-term improvement. The indications for aneurysmectomy (either isolated or combined with direct revascularization) were congestive heart failure, angina or life-threatening arrhythmias; six patients were asymptomatic at the time of surgery. Operative mortality rate was 14.4% (11.5% for patients operated more than 60 days following myocardial infarction). The over-all survival rate, at a mean follow-up of 31.5 months (range 2 to 82 months), was 74.39%; 80.88% of patient discharged from hospital, exhibited clinical improvement. Mean values of ejection fraction and excess ejection fraction were significantly higher in the group of operative survivors (31.28 +/- 8.26% and 0.17 +/- 0.08 respectively) than those of surgical deaths (20.25 +/- 8.37% and 0.08 +/- 0.06) (p less than 0.005); the coronary score was significantly lower in the group of survivors (6.81 +/- 2.35 vs 8.33 +/ 2.29) (p less than 0.025). Presence of arrhythmias increased operative mortality (33.3% vs 11.2%, p = 0.05), as did a low cardiac output, impaired contraction of the postero-lateral wall and mitral regurgitation. Long-term survival and improvement were not related to anyone of preoperative parameters taken into consideration: however, a higher percentage of clinical improvement was observed when myocardial revascularization was associated to aneurysmectomy (85% vs. 67.7%). PMID- 7343375 TI - [Univentricular heart. Septation as a surgical treatment]. PMID- 7343376 TI - [Another type of interaction between blood levels of digitalis and anti arrhythmic drugs: digoxin and amiodarone. Experience with long-term therapy]. AB - In clinical Arrhythmology it is often necessary to associate digitalis and antiarrhythmic agents. This calls for study of possible interaction between the employed drugs. We found a statistically significant correlation between digitalis and amiodarone plasma level in patients on long term treatment with both drugs. A statistically significant linear correlation between plasma amiodarone level and digoxin (0.25 mg/day) or beta-methyldigoxin (0.20 mg/day) was documented in 33 patients. 23 patients had been treated with these drugs for paraxysmal reciprocating supraventricular tachycardia since an average of 52 months (computerized follow-up). (Amiodarone average weekly dose was 1078 +/- 168 mg after a loading dose of 12 gm given over one month). 10 patients were on chronic treatment with higher weekly doses of amiodarone (average dose 2380 +/- 731 mg per week). Thyroid function tests (T4; T3; T3UP; TSH; rT3) were checked in every patients. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanism of the interaction between amiodarone and digitalis. As a clinical implication we point out that amiodarone-digoxin (or betamethyldigoxin) interaction in our patients has neither resulted in over-therapeutic plasma level nor in signs of digitalis toxicity. PMID- 7343377 TI - Double-blind haemodynamic study of a new dopamine derivative (diisobutyric ester of N-methyl-dopamine) orally active in chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7343378 TI - [Pharmacological therapy and prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia]. AB - Treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (RVT) is still difficult, as far as choice of antiarrhythmic agents, dosage, associations and statement of their effectiveness are concerned; the Authors report their experience on twelve cases of RVT. The diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia was confirmed by esophageal electrograms in four cases and by intracardiac recordings in two cases. Patients were controlled by clinical observation, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and several recordings. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was carried out in ten patients. Two patients left the hospital spontaneously; therapy was found to be effective in the remainder. Four patients were treated with quinidine plus betablockers, for cases with quinidine plus amiodarone. The results of long-term follow-up suggest that combined pharmacological therapy with drugs of different classes may be successful in preventing recurrences of ventricular tachycardia. The Authors think that careful choices of adequate therapeutic programs and rigid criteria for the evaluation of results should be planned in apparent refractory RVT, before referring to invasive procedures. PMID- 7343379 TI - [Exercise tolerance in angina patients 3 and 24 hours after administration of a new delayed-action preparation of metoprolol]. AB - To assess the duration of improved exercise tolerance by metoprolol given in a new sustained-release formulation, 40 in-patients affected by stable exercise induced angina pectoris received single-blind placebo in day 1 and thereafter, in double-blind cross-over once daily administration, metoprolol RETARD 100 mg and 200 mg in days 3 and 5. Symptom-limited cycloergometric exercise tests were performed at 3 and 24 hours after placebo and after each of the two doses of metoprolol RETARD. Duration of exercise, maximal workload and total work performed did significantly increase at 3 and 24 hours after metoprolol RETARD 100 mg (P less than 0.01) and 200 mg (P less than 0.01), without any significant difference between the two doses. Peak systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were lowered by metoprolol RETARD 200 mg at 3 (P less than 0.01) and 24 (P less than 0.01) hours, whereas only the peak heart rate at 3 hours was lowered (P less than 0.05) by the 100 mg dose. It is concluded that in patients with stable exercise-induced angina pectoris, metoprolol RETARD 200 mg appears to be able to increase exercise tolerance and to reduce exercise-induced myocardial oxygen consumption throughout 24 hours period. This may justify a once daily dosing schedule of the 200 mg dose, aimed at improving patient compliance. PMID- 7343380 TI - [Early cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil]. AB - A bolus of 1000 mg of 5-FU intravenously was given to a 54-year-old patient with adenocarcinoma of colon, a month after hemicolectomy. He had not received irradiation therapy. Five hours later he complained of severe chest pain; after 24 hours ecg. changes of pericarditis were seen and on heart auscultation a pericardial friction rub was heard. After 6 day the ecg. returned to the pattern of that on day of admission to the ICCU. Two further injections of 1000 mg of 5 FU were also followed by severe precordial pain and the same ecg. pattern. The pulmonary edema 14 hours after the second injection and the slight elevation of CPK value after the third injection strongly suggest myocardial cell damage. For the strictly temporal relationship between the clinical and electrocardiographic pattern with 5-FU administration intravenously, we are of the opinion that the perimyocarditis was due to the direct toxic action of 5-FU on pericardium and myocardium. PMID- 7343381 TI - [ST-segment trend in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with antithrombotic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-five patients were hospitalized in a Coronary Care Unit within the first 24 hours after onset of symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction. The sum of positive and negative ST-segment deflections of their twelve leads electrocardiograms (epsilon ST12) showed a maximum within the 3rd hour from the onset of symptoms. Thereafter, in the first 24 hours, there was a marked reduction in epsilon ST12, with a steep and significant fall within the 7th hour from symptoms. In the following nine days of this study, the patients showed 4 different epsilon ST trends, but there was no significant correlation with CPK curves, or with the kind of therapy the patients underwent. An irregular trend of epsilon ST12 or a secondary late rise (after 36 hours from symptoms) suggest an unfavorable prognosis (1 death in the epsilon ST-3 group, and 2 deaths + 1 ventricular fibrillation in the epsilon ST-4 group). No significant difference results between the patients treated with high doses Heparin plus Acetyl Salicylic-Acid (A.S.A.), and the patients treated with A.S.A alone, though the first treatment seems to reduce the values of epsilon ST12 more rapidly; perhaps this behaviour is due to the use of antiplatelet drug A.S.A in both groups, and to the relatively small number of patients. PMID- 7343382 TI - [Congenital cardiopathies with clinical emergency in early infancy. Methods of approach]. PMID- 7343383 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in an athletic population. Epidemiology, prevention and therapy of a pandemic]. PMID- 7343384 TI - [Syncopal bradyarrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia without chest pain (author's transl)]. AB - A patient admitted for evaluation of repeated episodes of faintness not associated with chest pain is presented. The episodes were caused by marked sinus bradyarrhythmias secondary to ischemic attacks with inferior ST-segment elevation, no accompanied by anginal pain. Medical treatment with nifedipine was able to prevent both the ischemic attacks and cardiac rhythm disturbances associated with acute ischemia. This case shows that ischemic pathogenesis of syncopal attacks should not be ruled out even in the absence of chest pain and that the attacks may be prevented by treating their primary cause. PMID- 7343385 TI - [Cardial levorotation due to agenesis of the left lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343386 TI - Concealed atrio-His bypass with anterograde conduction only. PMID- 7343387 TI - [Traumatic mitral insufficiency secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae. Discussion of one case (author's transl)]. AB - One case of mitral insufficiency due to traumatic rupture of the posterior chordae is described. The most consistent clinical and non-invasive cardiovascular findings were: previous non-penetrating thorax trauma; rapidly progressing congestive heart failure; loud apical systolic murmur; sinus rhythm; normal radiological evidence of the left atrium; echocardiographic disorderly movement and coarse fluttering of posterior leaflet, systolic fluttering of mitral valve, diastolic additional echoes between mitral leaflets and systolic ones into the left atrium (due to ruptured chordae?). This patient underwent a valvular replacement surgery. When attempting a diagnosis of this accident, while haemodynamic and angiographic data are helpful mainly in the definition of retrograde mitral flow severity, the echocardiographic findings appears to be more important to state precisely the site and the kind of the lesion. PMID- 7343389 TI - [International ethical guides for human experimentation]. PMID- 7343388 TI - [The retrograde catheterization of the aortic valve prosthesis. Usefulness and limits (author's transl)]. AB - A retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle was performed in 10 patients with aortic valve prosthesis. The pulmonary wedge pressure increased during the procedure (median value 16 mmHg; range 1-33 mmHg). The sistolic aortic pressure (median value 26 mmHg; range 5-60 mmHg) and the diastolic aortic pressure (median value 16 mmHg; range 1-33 mmHg) decreased in all. In 5 patients a left ventriculography was performed. The left ventricle catheterization in patients with aortic valve prosthesis in the experience of the authors may preclude accurate hemodynamic measurements; it may be utilized only for the evaluation of an associated mitral valve disease. PMID- 7343390 TI - [Cancer of the digestive system. I. 3d report of the Study Group on Cancer of the Digestive System of the National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 7343391 TI - [Cancer of the digestive system. II. Diet and cancer of the digestive system]. PMID- 7343392 TI - [Cancer of the digestive system. III. Early diagnosis of neoplasms of the digestive system]. PMID- 7343393 TI - [The International System of Units in the clinical laboratory]. PMID- 7343394 TI - [Rationale and convenience of the International System of Units in clinical practice]. PMID- 7343395 TI - [Programatic planning in the teaching of the International System of Units to future physicians]. PMID- 7343397 TI - [Program of the National Academy of Medicine for the adoption of the International System of Units in medical practice]. PMID- 7343396 TI - [Periodicals and the International System of Units]. PMID- 7343398 TI - [Microsurgery in the rehabilitation of the mutilated hand]. PMID- 7343399 TI - [Endocrine regulation of zygote implantation in mammals]. PMID- 7343400 TI - [Age-dependent structural changes in the annular ligament of stapes in the human]. PMID- 7343401 TI - [Maturation processes in the plasmalemma of erythroid cells]. AB - Quantitative studies of the enucleating normoblast show that the plasmalemma envelope of the nucleus under extrusion and this of the nucleus that appear to be extruded bind more autologous IgG than the plasmalemma of the future reticulocyte. This finding explains the quick phagocytosis of the extruded nuclei by macrophages. In addition heaps of small vesicles free from haemoglobin are found at the enucleating normoblasts and at the reticulocytes. They bind cationized ferritin and autologous IgG. They are interpreted as segregation of constituents of the plasmalemma during red blood cell maturation. PMID- 7343402 TI - [Biomorphosis of human fallopian tube mucosa]. AB - Investigating the biomorphosis of the human oviductal mucosa it was possible to detect 2 stainable and histochemical different types of fibers in the connective tissue of the lamina propria mucosae. The fibers (aldehyde fuchsin positive pepsin- and papain-sensitive disulfide bonds containing fibers and picrofuchsin positive fibers) show age-dependent changes in distribution, arrangement and localization. It is discussed whether, with respect to the fibrous structures, it could be the question of distinct types of collagen fibers. PMID- 7343403 TI - [Production and extracellular arrangement of proteoglycans in the growing hyaline cartilage]. AB - Fixation of hyaline cartilage with potassium ferricyanide in addition to glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide leads to a better stabilization of the glycosaminoglycans. The resulting chelate formation enhances the electronmicroscopic density. In active chondrocytes electron dense material is found intracellularly in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in transport vesicles, in the Golgi apparatus and in big vacuoles. Intercellularly large amounts of the glycosaminoglycans are preserved. The correlations between the macromolecules and the collagenous fibrills are demonstrated. PMID- 7343404 TI - [Permeability characteristics of the endocardium and the myocardial capillaries to horseradish peroxidase in fetal and postnatal rats]. AB - After intravenous or intracardial application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at the myocardial capillaries of fetal, juvenile and adult rats a fast transport of the tracer into the interstite can be observed. In the fetal cases the transport takes place especially through the interendothelial junctions, in the postnatal cases a considerably amount of the peroxidase traversed also by plasmalemmal vesicles. In adults the T-tubules of the myocytes are labelled already after 15 min of circulation. From fetal stages up to adults the junctions of the endocardium are well permeable to HRP. After a short circulation time we found large deposits of reaction product in the subendocardial space. The reasons for the different permeability of fetal heart and skeletal muscle capillaries were discussed. PMID- 7343405 TI - [Physiological nuclear size pattern of sensory cells in the guinea pig cochlea]. AB - The present investigations has been carried out in order to get a base for quantitative recording of nuclear size changes of guinea pig cochlear sensory cells which are be found after noise exposure. The nuclei of normal cochlear hair cells differ in size. Inner hair cell nuclei are rapidly increasing in size at the first third of the basal turn and reach a maximum at the transition to the second turn. Up to the cochlear apex they are decreasing in size until they have reached the size of the lower basal turn again. Outer hair cell nuclei are clearly smaller than inner hair cell nuclei in the first three turns. From basal to apical outer hair cell nuclei show an almost linear increasing in size and at the end of the fourth turn they are nearly comparable with those of inner hair cells. There are no significant differences in nuclear size between the three rows of outer hair cells in the first and second turn. In the third turn however an increase of size of outer hair cell nuclei from medial ot lateral could be found. PMID- 7343407 TI - [Self-study material on fine structure of cells and tissues]. PMID- 7343406 TI - [Genesis of microcytes in hemodialysis patients with chronic uremia]. AB - The study is concerned with factors that may reduce the life time of erythrocytes of patients under intermittent haemodialysis. The red cell population of these patients consisted of micro-, normo-, macro- and megalocytes. The classification of the cell size was shiftet to greater diameters in comparison with healthy donors. The evaluation of the biological half time of erythrocytes labelled with 51Cr resulted in a decrease of about 16 days. The autoradiographic evaluation of the erythrocyte size-distribution patterns 1 and 24 hours after the injection of labelled red cells into the donors circulation clearly demonstrated a decrease of macro- and megalocytes. Simultaneously, the number of microcytes rose considerably. The measurement of erythrocyte deformability could demonstrate a clearcut relationship of flexibility for a) disturbed erythropoiesis resulting in the production of macro- and megalocytes, and b) fragmentation and premature elimination from the circulation due to unfavourable rheologic properties of erythrocytes of abnormal big and small sizes. PMID- 7343408 TI - [Polarization microscopic studies of the fine structure of the maternal-fetal barrier in normal human placentas depending on gestational age]. AB - The submicroscopic structure of the throphoblast basement membrane and the collagen in the chorionic villi of human placentas was investigated by polarization microscopic technique. The study establishes a quantitatively measurable difference in the submicroscopic range of the placental membrane in relation to histologically classified disturbances of maturity. PMID- 7343409 TI - [Electron microscopic autoradiography of semithin sections]. AB - Semithin sections are useful for electron microscopic autoradiography. Compared with highest power electron microscopic autoradiography the employment of thicker sections is connected with the following advantages: a) a decrease of exposition time, b) lower intensity of isotope labelling, c) restriction of chemographic processes. Quantifying big series of radioautograms is facilitated. PMID- 7343410 TI - [Photographic manipulation of electron micrographs]. PMID- 7343411 TI - [Electrophoretic separation of frozen sections (description of a method)]. PMID- 7343412 TI - [Practical application of histochemical methods in lung diseases]. AB - A short review of different applications of enzyme-histochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry in the field of lung pathology is given. As shown in own experiments, the phosphomolybdic-acid-stannous-chloride reaction (Landing et al. 1952) appears as a successful method for rapid demonstration of phospholipids in histological and cytological material. Application of histochemistry (reaction of acid phosphatase) in diagnostic of sarcoidosis (Kveim-test) gives in comparison with the traditional technique following advantages: 1. results are obtained more rapidly and with minor technical expense, 2. for pathologists, it is easier to differentiate between specific and non-specific reactions. With cytochemical methods (reaction of alkaline phosphatase) is is relatively easy to detect tumour cells in pleural fluids and ascites. This test (Eckert 1978, 1979) is neither cancer-specific nor does it cover all tumours cases. But its high positivity and its easy readability enable the technique to be used as a search method for tumour cells. PMID- 7343413 TI - [Mathematical formulation possibilities of growth processes]. AB - A survey is given of the possibilities to construct mathematical models of growth. Growth as a phenomenon of life is well known since the earliest times of mankind as one can see from the languages. In Old Mesopotamia, Sumerians and Accadians were able to calculate compound interest but they had no idea to apply the formulae to living beings, neither to their children nor to cattle or fruits of the earth. About 4000 years past the finding of the compound interest calculus, Gompertz (1825) and Verhulst (1838) gave formulae (differential equations) which describe the organismic growth for the first time. A landmark of biological growth's research was the publication of the v. Bertalanffy's (1941) growth differential equation which describes the growth velocity as the difference between anabolism and catabolism. But the v. Bertalanffy's equation is more of theoretical value than of practical one. The present writer shows three models in the form of differential equations to describe the growth of a single cell, of a homogeneous cell population in mitotic activity, and of the human (or higher mammalian) embryofetus on the basis of physicocochemical processes. PMID- 7343414 TI - [Vitality concept as model for description of the human maximal life-span]. PMID- 7343415 TI - [Determination of the biological age]. AB - By biological age there is understood the state of the organism reached at a certain point of the chronological age including physical and psychical parameters. It is reported on tests to measure the biological age of the human being with the help of test batteries. Up to now over 1,000 persons have been included, both "normal persons" and groups of patients with risk factors as overweight, hypertony, and diabetes mellitus. The motivation for studies like these arises out of practical necessities. The determination of the biological age makes it possible e.g. to recognize expositional factors that may influence the living process. This method is also applicable to determine the individual physical capacity as well as its use for the control of geriatric ways of therapy. PMID- 7343416 TI - Recessive alleles found at R and C loci in maize stocks showing aberrant ratio at the A locus. AB - Corn stocks showing virus-induced aberrant ratio (AR) at the "A" locus were found to have recessive alleles at the R and/or C loci. Since by the known pedigree these loci should be homozygous dominant, the results suggest an inactivation of maize genes by a mechanism as yet unknown. The presence of recessive alleles at these additional loci can explain the segregation ratios obtained in these particular stocks. PMID- 7343417 TI - Doubled haploids for studying the inheritance of quantitative characters. AB - By using a doubled-haploid population derived from F2 plants, additive and additive X additive genetic variances, as well as the number of segregating genes, can be estimated. An F2-derived doubled-haploid population may contain almost 50% more of the best recombinant than an F1-derived population. However, the best recombinant occurs in the same frequency in the two populations when there is no linkage between genes. The difference in the frequency of the best recombinant between F2- and F3-derived populations is small. This implies that the doubled-haploid method using F2 plants provides only slightly less opportunity for recombination than the conventional breeding methods of self pollinating crops. In the absence of additive epistasis, a weighted mean of recombination values can be estimated using an F2-derived population and its parental lines. When additive epistasis is present, it can be estimated from doubled-haploid populations derived from two backcrosses. Studies on the linkage of quantitative characters are needed for determining whether doubled haploids should be produced from F2 or from F1 plants in a breeding program. PMID- 7343418 TI - The minimum number of genes contributing to quantitative variation between and within populations. AB - A procedure is outlined for estimating the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors, nE, contributing to the difference in a quantitative character between two populations that have diverged by artificial or natural selection. If certain simple criteria are satisfied approximately on an appropriate scale of measurement, nE can be estimated by comparing the phenotypic means and variances in the two parental populations and in their F1 and F2 hybrids (and backcrosses). This generalizes the method of Wright to genetically heterogeneous (or wild) parental populations, as well as inbred lines. Standard errors of the estimates are derived for large samples. The minimum number of genes involved in producing a large difference between populations in a quantitative trait is typically estimated to be about 5 or 10, with occasional values up to 20. This strongly supports the neo-Darwinian theory that large evolutionary changes usually occur by the accumulation of multiple genetic factors with relatively small effects. PMID- 7343419 TI - Further study on the genetic correlation between members of a multigene family. AB - The extent of genetic similarity (in terms of identity coefficients) was investigated among members of a multigene family that is evolving under mutation, unequal crossing over and random genetic drift. The method of KIMURA and Ohta (1979) was used, but the possibility was incorporated that the length of the shift (in terms of the number of genes) involved in unequal crossing over can be more than one gene unit. Extensive numerical analyses show that, at equilibrium, the identity coefficients between two gene members are practically independent of their distance apart on the chromosome when the mean length of the shift at unequal crossing over is more than 10% of the total size of the family. In that case, the approximate treatment by OHTA (1980) is shown to be valid, but when the mean length of the shift is less than 10%, the average identity coefficient at equilibrium is underestimated. In order to clarify the effect of natural selection responsible for keeping the family size stable, Monte Carlo simulation studies were performed. The results indicate that the identity coefficients are not greatly influenced by natural selection on gene family size, particularly when the number of genes shifted is small compared to the family size. In addition, with sufficiently strong selection on family size, unequal crossovers with a large shift (such as with maximum shift of 90% of the family size) become ineffective and almost indistinguishable from those with a small shift. PMID- 7343420 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the gene for protein IVa2 and of the 5' leader segment of the major late mRNAs of adenovirus type 5. AB - We present here the primary structure of the region of human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) DNA from nucleotide 4001 through the HindIII site at nucleotide 6246 (map positions 0.11 to 0.17). The corresponding region in the closely related adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) encodes the spliced mRNA for viral protein IVa2 (Chow et al., 1979; Persson et al., 1979). Reverse transcription of the Ad5 pIVa2 mRNA localized the 5' terminus of the mRNA to approximately position 5840, and its splice coordinates to positions 5706 and 5427. From the data of Alestrom et al. (1980) for Ad2, the 3' end of this mRNA was inferred to be specified by Ad5 nucleotide 4060. The nucleic acid data allow us to predict an Mr of 50873 for the IVa2 protein of Ad5, which is close to the experimentally determined value of 50000 (Persson et al., 1979). The DNA sequence described here also includes the information for the 5'-terminal leader segment of the major late mRNAs of Ad5. PMID- 7343421 TI - [Criteria for the evaluation of results and bone span resorption after thumb reconstruction]. AB - For the evaluation of the results of thumb reconstruction no generally accepted guidelines exist. As a result, the following criteria are suggested: a test of tactile gnosis and a pick-up test (both tests performed without the aid of vision), two-point discrimination, subjective evaluation of the reconstructed thumb and the state of employment of the patient. A classification is proposed based on one or more of these criteria. With the osteoplastic method employing a pedicle flap, bone graft and island pedicle flap, resorption of the bone graft can be a problem. On the basis of the follow-up of nine patients, it was determined that the degree of resorption was inversely proportional to the time between the pedicle flap transfer and the implantation of the bone graft and directly proportional to the time between the bone graft and the transfer of the island pedicle flap. On the basis of these findings, five months are recommended between flap transfer and bone grafting and two months between bone grafting and island pedicle flap transfer. PMID- 7343422 TI - [The problem of contracture of small hand muscles after mid-hand replantation]. AB - A longterm follow-up of a mid-palm re-attachment in which intrinsic tightness developed is presented. The initial bone shortening in this case was 7 mm. Because in 5 subsequent cases of mid-palm re-attachment with an initial bone shortening of 12-15 mm problems of intrinsic tightness did not occur, it is concluded that in re-attachment at this level the initial bone shortening should be at least 12 mm. PMID- 7343423 TI - [Autologous vein grafts as artery replacement in microsurgery. An experimental study of micro- and macromorphologic changes 3 weeks to 12 months postoperatively]. AB - In 45 rabbits we interposed autologous vein grafts of different length in equivalent defects of the femoral artery. After fixed intervals of six weeks to 12 months functional, histological and angiographic studies were done. Long grafts showed the same thrombus rate as short ones. The histological findings showed a marked thickening of the vessel wall with a maximum between six to eight weeks after operation. After this period this thickening was reduced but was after 12 months still noticeable. The angiography showed no signs of stenosis or narrowing of the lumen. Occasionally we saw bone formation or incrustation which might be induced by intima lesions. PMID- 7343424 TI - [The problem of osteosynthesis in peripheral replantation]. AB - In this report, 16 cases of peripheral replantation are described, in which osteosynthesis was carried out by means of AO-mini or small-fragment plates with the obvious advantage of allowing early mobilisation. A disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to dissect the soft tissue to a greater extent and to elevate the periosteum more than in using Kirschner wires, this dissection to permit sufficient fixation of the plate and screws. As a result, primary technical difficulties in the venous anastomosis may occur and there is a risk of adhesions developing between the extensor apparatus and the bone (two cases). Difficulties occur when using plates and screws for comminuted and juxtaarticular fractures. In these cases Kirschner wire osteosynthesis is preferred. For injuries in zones 1 and 2 in the majority of the cases an osteosynthesis with wire is indicated. Only in cases of replantation in zone 2, where the DIP joint is destroyed, can an arthrodesis be performed by means of a screw. When using the above mentioned osteosynthesis for peripheral replantations, we have achieved good to very good end results in the majority of the cases. PMID- 7343425 TI - A case of forearm amputation with additional multilevel partial amputations. AB - A right-handed 4 1/2-year old boy had a sharp amputation 3 cm proximal to his left wrist joint in a hay-cutting machine accident. In addition, he sustained 5 incisions on the anterior and ulnar aspects of the same forearm, the proximal and deepest including radius, ulna and the deep branch of the radial nerve. In a 19 1/2 hours operation, his left hand was replanted and the mainly cold anoxaemia time was 16 hours. Despite several reoperations, the hand could not be saved but the proximal portion of the amputated part did survive. On the 21st day the hand was reamputated at the radiocarpal joint level and the stump closed with viable skin from the proximal 2/3 of the dorsum of the hand. On a 1 year follow-up, the length growth was found to be close to normal. A myoelectric prosthesis is functioning well not only from impulses in the reinnervated extensor muscles but also from the flexor muscles which have been denervated and anatomically divided at least at two levels. Partial replantation success and perfect revascularization and reinnervation in the forearm was gained, thanks to extensive surgery. These results in an extremely complicated injury like this do show that every surgical effort should be made in pediatric extremity trauma. PMID- 7343426 TI - [Surgical specialties in replantation surgery]. AB - Special operative techniques developed by the advances in the replantation surgery are the subject of a review. The replantation of an amputated finger in a more important position is demonstrated by a clinical case. Defects can be replaced by parts of non-replanted fingers or with the aid of transplanted structures, such as skin, vessels, bone and local flaps. Clinical examples are given of the primary transplantation of bone from the iliac crest and of enhancement of circulation from the healthy, neighbouring finger. PMID- 7343427 TI - [Autologous vein transplants for digital revascularization after hand injuries]. AB - In this study, reverse autogenous vein grafts were employed to bypass vascular defects in replantations and occluded arteries in hands with chronic post traumatic ischemia. In 32 thumb replantations, vein grafts were used as short interposition segments or longer bypass grafts. The bypass grafts have the advantage of permitting proximal and distal anastomoses in undamaged tissue. In 5 post-traumatic chronically ischemic hands, vein grafts were employed to bypass arterial occlusions. All grafts remained open and cold intolerance improved as tactile discrimination returned. Simultaneous arterial and nerve reconstruction with grafts achieved favorable results in 2 patients. The measurement of digital blood pressure with the aid of a Doppler ultrasonic probe permitted preoperative evaluation of the degree of ischemia and postoperative confirmation of patency of the vein grafts. PMID- 7343428 TI - [Stepwise reconstruction in mid-hand destruction by crush]. AB - The treatment of very serious crush injuries of the metacarpus is reported in three examples. It is recommended that in such injuries reconstruction of all damaged structures should not be performed in the first operation. The most important step beside the stabilisation of the skeleton is microsurgical revascularisation.. The reconstruction of nerves and tendons should be limited during the primary operation. Secondary reconstruction then has a lower risk and gives a good functional result. In such trauma the use of distant flaps for the reconstruction of large soft tissue defects seems more advantageous than the transplantation of free flaps by microvascular anastomoses. PMID- 7343429 TI - [Thumb reconstruction after amputation injuries]. AB - Reconstruction of the thumb following amputation injuries: In this review of the different methods of thumb reconstruction following traumatic amputation, the procedures applicable in the primary care of the hand are first mentioned and demonstrated: replantation of a thumb, cover of a distal amputation with a neurovascular flap and salvage of a thumb with intermediate segmental loss. In most instances the thumb reconstruction is performed as a secondary procedure. The indication and the selection of the method depend upon the level of amputation, the dominance of the injured hand, and the presence of other injuries to the same hand as well as age, sex, occupation, and intelligence of the patient. There are several different operative methods: 1) Deepening of the first web space (phalangisation of the first metacarpal) by means of a Z-plasty with proximal transposition of the insertion of the adductor pollicis muscle. 2) Lengthening of the first metacarpal with a bone graft either as Gillies cocked hat procedure or as interposition following distraction of the osteotomized two parts of the metacarpal in one stage or as continuous distraction (Matev). --Both methods are performed often in combination and are indicated in loss of the thumb at the base of the proximal phalanx or at the MP-joint in the non-dominant hand or in unskilled workmen. 3) Osteoplastic methods with bone graft, tube pedicle and neurovascular island flap have the risk of absorption of the bone graft and therefore more limited indications. These are given in unskilled manual workers with no other injured digits and in multiple loss of digits where toe transfer is not appropriate. 4) Transposition of another intact or partially amputated digit on a neurovascular pedicle. The two different operative techniques depend upon the presence or loss of the first metacarpal and the thenar muscles. The indication is given in amputations at any point proximal to the base of the proximal phalanx in either hand of most women, children and skilled workers. 5) Free toe transfer is indicated if there is not any other finger or part of a finger available and the first metacarpal is preserved. In exceptional cases a free transfer of a digit of the contralateral hand is possible. PMID- 7343430 TI - [Microsurgical intervention in a case of Raynaud's gangrene]. AB - In a case of typical Raynaud's gangrene a microsurgical therapeutic intervention has been tried. To interrupt the periarterial sympathetic nerve network, 1,5-2 cm of both collateral arteries of the affected right index finger were excised and replaced by two venous grafts. In addition both collateral nerves were dissected and reanastomosed for elimination of sensation and pain for some time. In the early postoperative time the patient was free of pain and started using the finger during daily life. 6 weeks after the operation a control-angiography was performed and since that moment the patient complained again of severe pain in the affected finger. The angiography had led to vascular spasm with consequent thrombosis of the patent ulnar venous graft. Because of the severe pain in the finger we were forced to amputate the finger. PMID- 7343431 TI - [Experimental examination of skeletal muscle perfusion with stroma-free hemoglobin solution in ischemia]. AB - An experimental study about post-ischemic perfusion of muscles with a new stroma free hemoglobin solution is presented. Compared to other storage and perfusion methods the solution has several advantages: 1. Oxygenation and metabolism of the skeletal muscles are preserved. 2. Excellent wash-out effect. 3. The rheologic characteristics are better than those of whole blood. 4. No incompatibility. 5. No thrombogenetic effect. 6. The method is easy to manage. Our ultrastructural investigations show less damage of the muscle cells after a post-ischemic perfusion with oxygenated hemoglobin solution than after a post-ischemic physiological perfusion with whole blood. PMID- 7343432 TI - [Blood supply control in pedicled skin flaps with transcutaneous PO2 measurement]. AB - The method of transcutaneous PO2 measurement is suitable to record the differing oxygen supply, and thereby the blood supply of direct skin flaps. The increasing blood supply in the base as well as in the peripheral part of the flap up to the tenth postoperative day is characterized by increasing PO2 values. In clinical use the method is suitable for controlling of pedicle flaps, particularly with regard to the determination of the optimal time for division of the pedicle. In axial pattern flaps the production of ischemia by regular occlusion of the pedicle seems to accelerate vascularization from the bed of the transplant. PMID- 7343433 TI - [First aid for the thumb-amputated hand with reference to a primary or secondary pollicization]. AB - The importance of considering the possibility of later thumb replacement during the primary treatment of the injured thumbless hand is pointed out. Even a functionless long finger or a part of it which can be later used for a thumb reconstruction should be retained, as in such a hand its loss may be otherwise irreplaceable. The rare indication for primary thumb replacement is also demonstrated. PMID- 7343434 TI - [Free contralateral index finger pollicization]. AB - A mutilating explosion injury of a dominant hand with amputation of thumb and index rays, loss of middle and ring fingers, and amputation through the proximal phalanx of the small finger was treated in four stages. The main step of functional restoration consisted in microsurgical transfer of the contralateral index ray for reconstruction of the thumb. Utilizing the principles of pollicization, pinch and grasp of wide amplitude were successfully restored. The rationale of this unusual plan of reconstruction is explained. PMID- 7343435 TI - [Opponens plastic surgery using the tendon of the m. extensor indicis]. AB - For restoring the opposition of the thumb in lesions of the median nerve, numerous surgical procedures have been reported. In severe injuries with considerable scarring in the palmar wrist area the motor muscles of the forearm are useless and if the ulnar nerve is equally involved, opposition cannot be restored even with the Huber-Nicolaysen-Littler technique. In such cases we have recently come to carry out opponensplasties using the tendon of the extensor indicis with good success. The method is described and results are demonstrated. PMID- 7343436 TI - [Evaluation of functional results after replantations and revascularizations in the area of the upper extremity]. AB - Several established methods of functional assessment are presented and compared, in order to standardize the end result following replantation. It appears that none of the available evaluation systems permits comprehensive analysis of underlying functional problems of replantation surgery. However, this becomes possible when different methods of functional assessment are simultaneously applied. PMID- 7343437 TI - [Remarks and thoughts on the evaluation of results in replantation surgery]. AB - In order to completely evaluate the results after replantation or revascularization of an amputated part, an additional factor, integration or the adaptation of the replanted part to the activities of daily living and to the occupational life of the patient, should be considered. Six categories are developed and illustrated with examples. Each of the categories is assigned a high differential multiplication factor according to whether the replanted part is useless (factor 1), not useful but also not a hindrance (factor 10), is only an aid to the healthy extremity (factor 30) or is of limited use in daily life and at work (factor 50). Factor 70 is assigned when the amputated part can be used with retraining in another job and is not a hindrance in daily life. Factor 100 applies when the replanted part does not interfere with daily living or occupation. This factor should be regarded as a supplementary assessment which attempts to objectively evaluate a replanted or revascularized part of the hand. PMID- 7343438 TI - [Evaluation criteria for the functional determination after replantation in the hand region]. AB - A method of recording the functional results of replantations in the hand is presented, supplying reproducible results of sufficient accuracy by simple means and within a reasonable time. The following criteria are evaluated: fitness for work, usefulness of the hand, mobility, sensibility, circulation and trophic changes, esthetics, perspiration and the retrospective attitude of the patient to replantation and pain. The several parameters are evaluated according to their relevancy and graded according to a scale of values. The total of these values gives the final result. The different results are classified as excellent, good, functionally sufficient and poor. This method of recording the results of digital replantation was evaluated in a series of 28 follow-up examinations with 33 replanted parts. The method of evaluation and the results are discussed in detail. PMID- 7343439 TI - [Method of examination--GEM 1976]. PMID- 7343441 TI - [Free microvascular epiphyseal transplantation: experimental study on the dog]. AB - 13 mongrel puppies underwent at the age of 3-5 months epiphyseal transplantations of the distal part of the ulna. Some of these transplantants were immediately revascularized by microsurgical anastomosis, others were left without anastomosis. Growth was followed by X-rays over a period of 6 months. Non revascularized transplants showed minimal growth and were partially absorbed whereas revascularized transplants showed continuing growth, achieving 2/3 of normal growth of the control legs. PMID- 7343440 TI - [Microsurgical education]. AB - Equipment and organization of an experimental microsurgical laboratory in a plastic and reconstructive surgery unit of a large size central hospital (Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland) are described. A specially trained technician supervises the laboratory and demonstrates technical details of microsurgical sutures to beginners. In addition to clinical work such regular laboratory training is important for all residents. PMID- 7343442 TI - Does sex influence laterality differences in recognition of visually-presented kana or kanji words? AB - The speed of recognition of Japanese Kana (phonetic) and Kanji (ideographic) symbols tachistoscopically presented either to the left or the right visual field in 20 normal right-handed Japanese subjects (10 males and 10 females) was investigated. A significant right visual field superiority for the recognition of both meaningful and nonsense Kana words was obtained, while there was a lack of laterality differences in recognition of meaningful Kanji words. The results indicated that Kanji processing is somewhat different from Kana processing. Sex did not influence visual field preferences regardless of the kind of verbal stimuli. PMID- 7343443 TI - Eye movement as an indicator of brain function. AB - The level of consciousness between the alert and drowsy states was classified into four stages (Alert, Resting I, Resting II, Drowsy) by studying three factors of the EEG patterns on 23 normal subjects. The eye movements recorded by electro oculograph were divided into two groups, i.e. rapid eye movements (R type, r type) and slow eye movements (S type, s type). The occurrence of each type of eye movements was confirmed to change in close correspondence to the stages of consciousness. The eye movement on 43 cases with a disturbance of consciousness by metabolic disease were recorded longitudinally according to clinical states. The S type movements were predominantly observed in a state of clouding of consciousness, while the R type and R-S type were observed in a delirious state. PMID- 7343444 TI - Flickering light spot as a tracking target for the study of smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics--a new method. AB - Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) were studied in 26 schizophrenics and 20 normal controls. A light spot on a screen of cathode ray oscilloscope was used as a tracking target. In order to induce SPEM disorder easily, the subjects were required to track a light spot which flickered in various frequencies. This new method devised by the authors has clearly demonstrated that the SPEM in schizophrenic was more profoundly disturbed by the flickering of the tracking target than that in the normal control subjects. It was supposed that poor tracking of a flickering light spot in schizophrenics may be due to the inadequate concentration of attention to visual stimuli, and/or inability to predict the movements of a tracking target. PMID- 7343445 TI - Sex differences in the human group mean SEP. AB - With 200 SEPs of normal human subjects, the sex differences in the waveform of the Group Mean SEP were established eliminating those attributable to the peripheral factors, the statures and the nutritional conditions represented by Rohrer's index. The differences in baseline amplitude of the Group Mean SEP between sexes, in the sections between 25--110 msec and behind 400 msec in latency, were verified removing those between the tallers and the shorters and those between with high and with low values of Rohrer's index, not attributable to these peripheral factors and might be the central origin. The differences in the Scaled Group Mean SEP were also verified similarly, being more a significant indication of the sex difference itself than those in the Group Mean SEP. PMID- 7343446 TI - Aging in the neuropil of cerebral cortex--a quantitative ultrastructural study. AB - Six age groups, each composed of four animals from each of the following ages, were used to assess age-related ultrastructural changes in the neuropil of the III layer of the frontal cortex in rats: 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months old. Random samplings within the neuropil were taken to produce 40 electron micrographs in each rat (totaling 960). The profiles of axon terminals, dendrites and astroglial processes in the neuropil of each micrograph were traced. Then the percentage of their areas for the area of neuropil (relative volume fraction) was examined using the image analyzer system. The relative volume fractions of both the axon terminals and dendrites for the neuropil were found to have decreased in the aged rats. On the contrary, the relative volume fraction of astroglial processes for the neuropil had progressively increased with aging. PMID- 7343447 TI - Neurobiological studies of experimental diphenylhydantoin intoxication. - I. Electron microscopic investigations of the rat cerebellum with chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication. AB - The effect of chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin on the fine structures of the rat cerebellum was ultrastructurally investigated. Materials from nine control rats and 16 experimental rats to which 200 to 300 mg/kg b.wt. of diphenylhydantoin was administered orally for 12 months were studied with the light and electron microscopes. The most striking changes were observed in the presynaptic boutons located predominantly in the molecular layer and the neuropil of deep cerebellar nuclei and sometimes in the granule cell layer. The changes consisted of the proliferation of either interconnected tubules 150 to 350 A in diameter associated with membranous scrolls and/or membranous strands separated by a cleft-like space, or parallel tubules about 600 A in diameter with a honeycomb-like architecture in the cross section, and hypertrophy of the boutons. Other alterations were a generalized increase in the density of the axoplasmic matrix, the accumulation of mitochondria, vesicular structures and dense bodies, an increased number of neurofilaments and a decreased number of synaptic vesicles. The axon displayed morphological abnormalities similar to those found in the terminal boutons. Along with the synaptic and axonic changes mentioned above, the perikaryal alterations in the Purkinje cell and in granule cell layers and deep cerebellar nuclei were also found, but they were generally not so prominent so that they were considered to reflect a non-specific reaction to synapto-axonic changes rather than a primary degenerative change. However, in contrast to the neuronal changes, no indication of damage of the glial elements was found, nor were the vascular changes. PMID- 7343448 TI - Morphological observations of peripheral nerves by the scanning electron microscope. AB - In order to observe a normal peripheral nerve and a changed peripheral nerve by means of a scanning electron microscope, the present study was carried out. In the changed nerve fibers, they were enveloped by many processes of hypertrophied Schwann cells, and the processes of the Schwann cells seemed to make a pseudosyntitium-like structure with each other. From this finding, it was speculated that these Schwann cells seemed to follow the reverse process in the development of normal peripheral nerve fibers. PMID- 7343449 TI - Cyst of the conus medullaris manifesting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome. AB - An intramedullary cyst of the conus medullaris was found in a 49-year-old man, who presented progressive amyotrophy in the lower extremities, without root pain or sensory impairment. The clinical manifestation resembled that of ALS, although there were some atypical features, such as urinary difficulty and atrophy in the lower limbs. Myelography demonstrated an intradural oval mass and a laminectomy revealed a cystic malformation of the conus medullaris. Drainage of the cyst resulted in a marked clinical improvement. PMID- 7343450 TI - Serial action potential analysis in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Action potential analyses were carried out in 62 skeletal muscles of 16 patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome. The muscles of a good prognosis showed only a slight change in duration, amplitude and phase of action potentials on electromyograms. On the other hand, the muscles of a poor prognosis showed a marked increase in duration and amplitude of action potentials, especially in the chronic stage. The incidence of polyphasic potentials was more frequent in the early stage than in the chronic stage of the muscles of a poor prognosis. The changes in duration in the early stage of a poor prognosis muscles were similar to those of acute beriberi neuropathy and the changes in the later stage were similar to those of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, both of which showed axonal degenerations. In the early stage, myopathy-like changes in electromyography were often noticed, but the muscle biopsy showed only early neurogenic changes. Coupling or satellite discharges were found most frequently six or eight months after the onset, and decreased in number in the chronic stage. Satellites with blockings appeared earlier than those without blockings. A poor prognosis might be induced by an axonal degeneration partly together with segmental demyelinations. PMID- 7343451 TI - [Electromyographic studies on determining tessitura in children]. PMID- 7343452 TI - Comparison of two methods of photoglottography in relation to electroglottography. PMID- 7343453 TI - Laryngeal involvement in stuttering. A glottographic observation using a reaction time paradigm. PMID- 7343454 TI - [Gestalt and integrative therapy in the treatment of voice disorders with psychogenic aspects]. PMID- 7343455 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in the baboon during ischaemic cerebral infarction under dexamethasone treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343456 TI - [The problem of the attitude adopted by psychotic patients towards their own disease, seen from the aspect of its semantic (definitional significance) development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343457 TI - [Diphenylhydantoin, epilepsy, cerebellar atrophy--histological and electron microscope examinations (author's transl)]. AB - Neuropathological investigations of CNS of two epileptic patients (a man and a woman), who had been treated over years with diphenylhydantoin, disclosed in both cases severe cerebellar atrophy, with almost complete loss of Purkinje cells. Hypoxic tissue alterations were found neither in cerebellum nor in cerebrum. Ultrastructural examination of formalin fixed tissue revealed in cytoplasm of degenerating Purkinje cells multilamellar structures similar to those reported by other authors, presumably consisting of proliferated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, degenerating mitochondria and "multilamellar cytoplasmic bodies". However, these findings are very probably not specific; they were detected also in Purkinje cells of a non-epileptic patient of the same age-group, suddenly deceased by car accident. Reversible cerebellar dysfunction is a common manifestation of acute phenytoin toxicity. However, further factors can influence the action of DPH, leading to chronic intoxication and irreversible cerebellar damage. A review of these factors is given. The periodic monitoring of serum DPH concentration is emphasized. PMID- 7343459 TI - [Papilledema. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and new pathogenetic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343458 TI - [Thoracic computer tomography for the evaluation of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343460 TI - [The present state of memory research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343461 TI - [CT of the base of the skull in bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - CT examinations of 42 cases of bacterial meningitis revealed in 38, 1% of the cases relevant inflammatory processes at the base of the skull which were of significant importance for a transmitted infection. Such infections were: Sinusitis frontalis, ethmoidalis, maxillaris and sphenoidalis, mastoiditis or petrositis, suppurating mucocele, impression fracture, and an intracranially penetrated foreign body. Excepting the identification of fine fractures, conventional x-ray films were diagnostically superior. Hence, especially in the acute stages, special projections can be omitted, if CT is effected in the region of the osseous base of the skull. CT performed in inflammatory diseases of the brain must include the base of the skull, since this will yield reliable pointers to an original focus of the inflammation requiring appropriate treatment and elimination. PMID- 7343462 TI - [On the value of radioimmunologic myoglobin determination in skeletal muscle disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343463 TI - [Psychopathology of brain tumor patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343464 TI - [Strategies of Adaption, coping reactions and attempts of self-cure in Schizophrenes]. AB - Though already Kraepelin started to consider coping behavior, there has not been much interest in it. Besides a summary of the literature, evidence of the study of 616 patient histories and the exploration of 94 schizophrenes is reported. Whereas often speculative interpretations of the patients' behaviour from the sight of the therapists have predominated in publications as yet, here it is preferred - with the danger of listing rationalizations - to outline defense reactions the patients themselves mention. The coping behaviour is classified in groups of symptoms: global strategies, disorders of perception, delusion, disorders of self-awareness, cognitive, affective, and motorial disorders. The discrimination of primary psychotic and "defect" symptoms, however, is often difficult. Some problems of the evaluation of coping behaviour are discussed. Defense reactions are presumably present in all schizophrenic types at least sometimes in the course of the illness. The more abrupt the disease starts, the more inadequate the coping behaviour seems to be. A further investigation of these strategies might be worth while for theoretical und therapeutical reasons. PMID- 7343465 TI - [Cranial computed tomography in schizophrenia research]. PMID- 7343466 TI - [Concepts of research on psychobiological constitution and disposition--a contribution to their logical scientific foundations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343467 TI - [Special features or peculiarities of schizophrenic psychosis topics in Japan with changing times - a transcultural comparative study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343468 TI - A microwave method for measuring changes in lung water content: numerical simulation. PMID- 7343469 TI - Dynamic analysis for an active nerve pulse of the single unmyelinated fiber. PMID- 7343470 TI - Dynamics of gaseous uptake in the lungs: the concentration and second gas effects. PMID- 7343472 TI - Spectral decomposition of EEG intervals using walsh and fourier transforms. PMID- 7343471 TI - Minimum phase considerations in the analysis of sinusoidal work. PMID- 7343473 TI - Comments on "ground-free ECG recording with two electrodes". PMID- 7343474 TI - In vitro sensitivity of salmonella strains isolated in 1978 to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and furazolidine. PMID- 7343475 TI - Clear cell sarcoma of the foot with excision of multiple secondaries-a case report. PMID- 7343476 TI - Smallpox vaccination--update. PMID- 7343477 TI - Models for maternal and child health care. PMID- 7343479 TI - New horizons in education for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7343478 TI - Importance of pediatrics in primary health care. PMID- 7343480 TI - Short stature-endocrine basis, evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7343481 TI - Beliefs and practices of rural mothers regarding "hot" and "cold" foods during childhood illnesses. PMID- 7343483 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid levels in meningitides in children. PMID- 7343482 TI - Factors affecting the amniotic fluid excretory products. PMID- 7343484 TI - A study of cerebral palsy with special reference to psycho-social and economic problems. PMID- 7343485 TI - Outbreak of salmonella infection in a pediatric department. PMID- 7343487 TI - Cryosurgery-a new modality for the management of umbilical granuloma of newborn. PMID- 7343486 TI - Palpable gall bladder in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7343488 TI - Prepenile scrotum. PMID- 7343489 TI - Cushing's disease in an infant. PMID- 7343490 TI - Chromosomal studies in constitutional aplastic anemia. PMID- 7343492 TI - Spontaneous expulsion of bronchial foreign body. PMID- 7343491 TI - Unusual birth weights in twins. PMID- 7343493 TI - Goldenhar syndrome (oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia) in new born. PMID- 7343494 TI - Gestational assessment at peripheral level. PMID- 7343495 TI - Mapuifagalele, Western Samoa's home for the aged--a cultural enigma. AB - Mapuifagalele is Polynesia's first home for the aged, and why it exists at all is something of a mystery. Although Samoan families emphatically insist that they can and do provide for their own aged (and in fact suffer loss of face if they do not), this institution is full to overflowing and there is a waiting list. The article discusses the origin and function of this residence for the aged and explores the changing life style, economic patterns and world view that make its existence possible and even necessary. PMID- 7343496 TI - Is uncle Sen insane? Pride, humor, and clique formation in a Northern Thai home for the elderly. AB - Called a flirt, rascal, buffoon, and disgrace, Uncle Sen created considerable confusion among staff and patients at Chiangmai city's only home for the elderly. Whether to label him insane or not loomed as an issue that divided his aged peers into two cliques. Behind these reactions are isolated two adaptive styles of the Northern Thai elderly to a rapidly changing traditional social system. PMID- 7343497 TI - Learning and reaction time performance in older veterans: relationship to attitudes and life satisfaction. AB - Young (age 20-35) and old (age 55-70) veterans were tested on serial learning and reaction time tasks. Life satisfaction, attitudes toward older people, and physical and mental status were also assessed. Younger veterans showed better performance on both learning and psychomotor tasks than did older veterans. However, positive attitudes toward aging, and greater life satisfaction were associated with better performance on the behavioral tasks in the older group. Certain aspects of physical and mental status were also associated with better learning and reaction time scores in the elderly. These results suggest that age related behavioral decrements may be related to psychosocial variables but that physio-medical factors may play a mediating role. PMID- 7343498 TI - Decision-making in old age: cautiousness and rigidity. AB - The purpose of the present study was to test the findings of Botwinick's work on cautiousness and decision-making in old age [1,2], along with an examination of two factors not previously studied: rigidity and certainty of decision outcome. Sixty-four elderly participants of both sexes participated in filling out the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (CDQ) after having been classified as high or low on Schaie's Test of Behavioral Rigidity [3]. In general, Botwinick's conclusions were supported: 1. when given the opportunity to avoid making decisions on the CDQ, the elderly did so, even under conditions of no risk at all concerning the outcome of the decision; 2. elderly individuals appeared to become more conservative and cautious in their decisions when the outcome was directed at the lives of young individuals than when older individual's lifestyles were of concern. This latter phenomenon, however was not seen when the elderly participant was required to make a decision and could not elect to abstain. In addition, rigidity was found to be related to risky decisions made by the elderly individual. PMID- 7343499 TI - Attitudes and perceptions about the elderly: current and future perspectives. AB - Research on attitudes and perceptions of the aged is critically reviewed. Problems with early survey research methods such as lack of generalizability, susceptibility to demand characteristics, and inattention to psychometric quality are discussed. Recent studies are examined in terms of characteristics of the stimuli and contexts, and characteristics of the perceivers employed in them. Methodological and conceptual issues in these three categories are used to organize the body of research that exists. Suggestions are made for future research in which the use of multiple measures in specific contexts is emphasized. PMID- 7343500 TI - Role continuity or crisis in later life? A Corsican case. AB - A controversy in gerontology has centered on the relative abilities of men and women to adapt to growing older in society: while some claim that women suffer less trauma because of their "smoother life cycle" from birth to death, recent critics suggest that repeated role inconsistency rather than continuity is a key to female adaptation. The effect of role continuity is examined in a rural Mediterranean society by combining the techniques of participant-observation, interviews and self-assessed life satisfaction scores (fifty-seven men and women). Continuity in a woman's core role of housewife may exist, but she also faces lifelong discontinuity in her ability to participate in and identify with the conflicting roles which make up her core role set. It is this socialization to flexibility and repeated role variation that makes Niolan women assess themselves as more successful than their male counterparts in later life. PMID- 7343501 TI - Subjective time experience in an intergenerational sample. AB - The roles chronological age and gender play in subjective time experience were explored in a sample of 294 adult men and women. Subjective time experience (STE: the difference between subjective age and chronological age) was found to vary widely among individuals, with some being "accurate" (SA = CA), and others either "retarded" (SA less than CA) or "advanced" (SA greater than CA). Males were more retarded in STE than females at every point in the lifespan, and patterns of age differences in adulthood differed for the two sexes as well. The results suggest that chronological age may play a key role in transitions in STE, and that chronological age is more significant in the STE of women than in the STE of men. PMID- 7343502 TI - Women and social security: social policy adjusts to social change. AB - Women age sixty-five and over now constitute about three fifths of the elderly population. They live longer than men and over time that longevity gap is increasing. Yet their income in later years is woefully inadequate. Poverty status is greater for elderly women than for elderly men; over half of aged women in poverty are widows. This paper describes the social security program, the cornerstone of our retirement income, and the lack of congruence of its provisions with contemporary social roles of women. It analyzes alternative proposals of two-tier, double decker and homemaker benefits, and earnings sharing, and their possible impact on women's economic status. It recommends improvements for this transition period while more basic structural reform is under discussion. Reform based on societal consensus could increase equity of treatment and adequacy of benefits for women. It is an essential prelude to consideration of long range financing needs of social security. PMID- 7343503 TI - The reduction of occupational stress among elderly lawyers: the creation of a functional niche. AB - The question of how older lawyers function in the context of what is generally a high stress occupation is examined from data drawn from a random stratified sample of 130 members of the legal profession. It is shown that elderly lawyers are able to reduce work stress (largely deriving from volume, responsibility, clients, and trials) by control over the quantity and focus of their work, as well as through client selection. Elderly lawyers are able to create a relatively stress free work role, which is in fact a functional niche for them within the profession. The result is high job satisfaction and low rates of retirement among elderly practitioners. Two factors: work role compensation and work role autonomy, are isolated from the legal data and proposed as important variables in a general theory of retirement behavior. PMID- 7343504 TI - Work centrality of different age groups and the wish to discontinue work. AB - This study explores the relationships between work centrality, age and the wish to stop working in a sample of 755 males in Israel, classified into five occupational categories. Contrary to disengagement theory, no relationship was found between age and work centrality in any occupational group. Occupational situs was found to intervene in the relationship between age and the wish to stop working. Those willing to stop working have lower work centrality in all age groups, and intrinsic job rewards have a moderating effect on this relationship. The factors affecting work centrality of older workers differ from those affecting younger workers. PMID- 7343505 TI - Measuring social interaction of the urban elderly: a methodological synthesis. AB - In general, the gerontological literature has characterized the inner-city elderly, especially those aged residing in single room occupancy hotels, as "isolates" or "loners". However, it is proposed that the notion of isolation is largely a myth and that many studies have been hampered by inadequate research instruments. This paper illustrates: 1) The severe limitations of the traditional measures of determining sociability; 2) How social network analysis can overcome many of the deficiencies of other methods; and 3) How a synthesis of the anthropological and sociological approaches to network analysis can optimize data collection and provide culturally meaningful information. PMID- 7343506 TI - Individual differences in stimulus intensity modulation of the elderly. AB - The validity of the postulated perceptual style-personality dimension of modulation (augmenting vs. reducing) of stimulus intensity previously studied with young adults was examined in two elderly samples. It was hypothesized that in the elderly Stimulus Intensity Modulation (SIM) relates to degree of social engagement (assessed both behaviorally and by self-report), perceived life difficulty, attitudes toward death, and three previously validated behaviors (desired and obtained amount of sleep, future planning, and smoking). The Kinesthetic Aftereffect (KAE) task was used as the measure of SIM. Results from multivariate analyses of variance indicated a significant relationship between KAE and the validity variables. Additional correlational analysis indicate that there is a linear relationship between KAE and each of the domains, except attitudes toward death. Results from both studies are consistent with the views that KAE indexes the postulated SIM dimension and that the SIM approach can be applied fruitfully to the study of individual differences in the elderly. PMID- 7343507 TI - Friendship, social interaction and subjective well-being of older men in an institutional setting. AB - The relationship of informal social interaction to subjective well-being of older adults was investigated using the PGC Morale Scale, the MACC Behavioral Adjustment Scale, and a sociometric interview which provided measures of peer friendship and frequency of social interaction. Respondents were fifty-four males aged fifty-two to ninety years, who were residents of a Veterans Administration domiciliary. The predicted positive correlation was obtained between morale and frequency of social interaction with persons outside the institution, but men's friendships within the institution were not related to morale. As expected, men who reported overall change in frequency of social interaction scored substantially lower on the PGC Morale Scale than those who perceived no change. Behavioral adjustment ratings of participants made by a staff member were positively correlated with friendship and social interaction scores. The results were thus consistent with a continuity model of aging, in which maintenance of accustomed levels of social interaction is related to subjective well-being. PMID- 7343508 TI - The contented older client of bureaucracy. AB - Interviews of 240 welfare clients as they departed from welfare offices in four U.S. cities indicate a marked tendency for older clients to be more satisfied than younger clients with treatment and services received in just-completed bureaucratic encounters. Other studies have shown similar tendencies. It is speculated that the phenomenon is a combination of pro-elderly discrimination on the part of bureaucrats and a tendency for older Americans subjectively to perceive their experiences with officialdom in a more favorable light. PMID- 7343509 TI - The relationship of stressful life events to intellectual functioning in women over 65. AB - The relationship of stressful life events to decline in intellectual abilities in 112 women aged 65-92 was assessed. A ratio of crystal/fluid abilities was used to estimate decline. The Vocabulary and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were used to assess crystalized abilities, and the Block Design and Object Assembly subtests of the WAIS were used to assess fluid abilities. The Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Events (SRE) was used as a measure of stress along with a method for quantifying individual estimates of stress experience. In addition, the relationship of subsets of actual events experienced to intellectual functioning was analyzed. Stress was found to be related to the ratio used to estimate decline. Changes in personal health and changes in health of a family member were positively related and vacations were negatively related to decline in intellectual functioning. PMID- 7343510 TI - Can a reminiscing intervention alter depression and self-esteem? AB - This study assessed the value of reminiscing as a therapeutic intervention for older persons. A decrease in depression and an increase in self-esteem were the hypothesized outcomes. Twenty-one community residents, mean age seventy-seven years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the first group was involved in structured reminiscing for forty-five minutes during each of five weeks; the second group was a control that focused on current life events; and the third group was a no-treatment control. Analysis of changes from pretest to posttest revealed no significant differences for either depression or self esteem. This study provides no support for claims that reminiscing can be an effective short-term therapeutic intervention. PMID- 7343511 TI - The influence of setting and task partner on the performance of adults over age 65 on a communications task. AB - The present study was an investigation of the influence of two methodological variables on the performance of adults sixty-four to seventy-nine years old. Participants gave directions on a map reading task to a peer (similar aged) partner and a non-peer (younger) partner. Testing was conducted in either the laboratory or the participants' homes. Contrary to expectations, communication performances with the non-peer required less time and fewer utterances, morphemes, repetitions and start overs than with the peer. The influence of setting was apparent only in the number of attention cues used, with the more distracting home setting requiring more attention cues to maintain partner attention. PMID- 7343512 TI - Life satisfaction in the black elderly: an exploratory study. AB - The major purpose of the study was to determine whether the Life Satisfaction Index-A was unidimensional or multidimensional and to examine the different dimensions of the scale to either validate or reject the factors on elderly blacks. The data for the study were collected from a sample of 240 black elderly in Jackson, Mississippi in Spring 1978. The LSIA developed by Neugarten et al., was tested for revalidation and reliability by the use of item analysis, biserial correlation, discrimination values, and factor analysis. The study failed to support the existence of five dimensions that were supposed to form the life satisfaction scale as high intercorrelations were found among "mood tone," "zest," "self-concept," "resolution," and "congruence." The cluster of items derived from factor analysis was not similar to clusters obtained by other writers. The data, however, revealed that the scale was highly reliable in measuring life satisfaction among black elderly. PMID- 7343513 TI - Characteristics of high and low self-esteem in the elderly. AB - Self-esteem is fundamental to the elderly's experience of life. To examine what background and personality characteristics were associated with low and high self esteem in the elderly, 250 men and women age sixty-five and older were studied. Elderly with either high or low self-esteem did not differ with respect to age, income, education, or living-arrangement. However, the low self-esteem group had poorer self-reported health, more pain, and higher disability. The low self esteem group had significantly higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, and a more external locus of control orientation both with and without health variables controlled. These data suggest that intervention may be a viable aid in promoting better feelings toward the self for persons over age sixty-five. PMID- 7343515 TI - Residential mobility and living arrangements among the elderly: changing patterns in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. AB - Using data from the 1960 and 1970 Public Use Samples and the 1975 Current Population Survey, this study examines the relationship between residential mobility and living arrangements among the elderly. Particular attention is given to temporal change in that relationship as well as to metropolitan nonmetropolitan differentials. Persons with living arrangements indicative of greater dependency (i.e., persons who are other relatives of household heads) evidence greater mobility than those with greater independence (i.e., primary individuals and heads or spouses of heads). Results further suggest that outmigration from nonmetropolitan areas is particularly selective of those elderly in dependent type living arrangements. Over time, there is also a noticeable increase in migration of heads or spouses, especially from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan environments. It appears that temporal shifts in living arrangements partly account for changes in residential mobility within and between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. PMID- 7343514 TI - Voluntary association participation and life satisfaction: replication, revision, and extension. AB - A secondary analysis of a national sample of American adults is used to examine the correlation between membership in voluntary associations and life satisfaction. It is hypothesized that the influence of membership on overall life satisfaction is indirect: Membership influences organizational satisfaction; in turn, organizational satisfaction influences satisfaction with life as a whole. The findings suggest that the hypothesized pattern of relationships is not ubiquitously present for all four of the older age categories studied. Such differences suggest the critical importance of utilizing age-appropriate rather than generic indicators when studying these issues. PMID- 7343516 TI - Exchange and power in special settings for the aged. AB - Goffman's model of institutional totality was examined within a social-exchange framework in the boarding and nursing units of two homes for the aged. The power dependence relationships appeared to be determined by the residents' social resources -- all the assets that enabled them to reward a favor, extort a concession, or do without -- and by the conditions of patienthood that limited their use. Boarders were equally responsive to peer and staff expectations while patients, lacking a cohesive peer group, were more confirming to the demands of staff members, who controlled most of the system's rewards in the nursing units. Efforts to humanize these late-life settings seem unlikely to succeed unless they take into account staff's ability to structure the conditions of negotiation as a base of its power. PMID- 7343517 TI - Trends in violent death among the elderly. AB - Since a literature review produced no study of violent death rates over time among the elderly, the author presents data to suggest the extent to which rates for homicide, suicide, all accidents, motor vehicle accidents, and other accidents have changed in the U.S. for each age category from 1960 to 1975. Rates for these causes of death among the elderly are also broken down by sex and race. While homicide rates among the elderly have increased over this sixteen year period by approximately 100 per cent there has been an offsetting decrease in rats for the other violent causes of death. Consequently, the overall violent death rate among the elderly has decreased significantly over this time period. The pattern of decreases in accidents and suicide and increases in homicide is also found when the elderly population is broken down by sex and race. PMID- 7343518 TI - Aging, the use of time, and social change. AB - Modern age stratification has contributed to greater differentiation of old age from the rest of the life cycle and lowered status for the aged. Discontinuity in the transition to old age makes the use of time a central issue, but psychological constriction displayed by many older people results from failure to facilitate creative personal expression through the life cycle and constraints on the options available and considered appropriate for the aged. Pressures for change in these options may come from cohort change in the characteristics of future older people and emerging postindustrial values. PMID- 7343519 TI - The female life course: life situations and perception of control. AB - The adult life course can be divided into socially defined age status periods differentiated not only by members' chronological age, but also by their experience within the family and work life cycles and degree of socially accorded rights, power, and privilege. The effects of individuals' social age status (adolescence, adulthood, retired adulthood) and gender on subjective perception of control and personal efficacy in familiar life situations from three domains (work, home, school) are examined within a multivariate cohort study. Results indicate that the adults, regardless of gender, perceived the greatest direct personal control or indirect control through the ability to influence powerful others. The adult females perceived a greater degree of influence on powerful others than adolescent or retired females, but the same as males of any status period. The implications of these results for the female life course are discussed. PMID- 7343520 TI - Young children's attitudes and perceptions of older adults. AB - Children ages four to seven judged relative ages of unfamiliar adults from photographs and chose photographs of adults in response to sociometric items. Age discrimination was highly accurate by age six. Children identified older adults as sad, lonely and not busy, but older adults were bypassed on items like "knows a lot" and preferences for teachers. In interviews, most of the children accurately identified older people by relying on physiognomic cues. Most described their grandparents as examples of known older people and expressed positive views of the activities they share. Images of passivity, and of older people engaged in domestic, but not "outside" work were also present. Children's attitudes were found to parallel those held by older adults in recent polls; older children in the sample were more likely to hold stereotypical images. Two thirds of the children preferred not to grow old. Contact of children with older adults other than their grandparents was limited, especially in work settings or schools. It was concluded that deliberate programming in preschools and elementary schools is important to offset early ageist attitude formation. PMID- 7343521 TI - Successful aging: an elaboration of social and psychological factors. AB - The purpose of the present research is to assess and elaborate the empirical relationships between a life satisfaction index (LSI) developed and validated by the author and a selected number (23) of social/demographic/psychological factors, using a multistage probability sample noninstitutionalized adults sixty years of age and older living in the continental U.S. in 1973. The data analysis indicated that marital status, occupational prestige, years of formal education, race, annual income, and a variety of specific satisfaction with life measures (p less than .01) were related to successful aging. These associations were elaborated by systematically introducing test factors, i.e., control variables. This statistical-methodological technique produced instances of replication, suppression, explanation, interpretation, and specification, all of which are reported in the body of the text. PMID- 7343522 TI - Renal pathology in congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type: a quantitative light microscopic study on 50 patients. AB - The quantitative histopathological analysis was performed on 68 renal specimens of 50 children with congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type (CNF). Thirty five of samples were biopsies and 33 were taken at autopsy. The kidneys of the CNF children were 2-3 times larger by weight than those of normal children. The renal histological picture varied greatly from one patient to another. The glomeruli of the CNF patients showed more often fibrotic lesions and mesangial hypercellularity than those of the normal infants, while immature glomeruli were seen more frequently in the controls than in CNF children. Tubular atrophy and tubular dilatations were also common histological feature in the CNF children. Glomerular fibrosis and tubulo-interstitial changes showed significant progression during the course of the disease while mesangial cell proliferation did not increase with age. The decreased tubular cell mass was replaced by interstitial tissue in the kidneys of older CNF infants. The proportion of the total glomerular volume to the volume of the whole kidney was about the same in CNF as in normal children. Because of the greater kidney size in CNF the absolute volume of the total glomerular mass is increased in this disease. PMID- 7343523 TI - A new therapeutic approach of nephrotic syndrome associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. AB - Nine cases of nephrotic children associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis who had failed to respond to prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy and showed sign of progressive deterioration of renal function, were subjected to the therapeutic combinations of antiplatelet agents + prednisone +/- anticoagulant agents. Initially, all were hypertensive, 77.8% had creatinine clearance of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and associated infections were documented in eight of nine cases. With therapy, improvement in clinical status as well as renal function and platelet kinetics were substantiated in all of the studied cases. Thus, this mode of therapy appears to be beneficial in these nephrotic children in whom associated infection is a potentially threatening factor. PMID- 7343524 TI - Stability of remission in minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome after treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7343525 TI - Primary hyperoxaluria and adenosine deaminase deficiency without immunodeficiency. PMID- 7343526 TI - Chronic renal failure in children: analysis of main causes and deterioration rate in 81 children. AB - Cause of chronic renal failure (CRF), age at clinical onset, and deterioration rate were studied in 81 unselected children 2 months to 18 years old who were referred to UM-JMH during a six-year period. Obstructive uropathies caused 42%, glomerulopathies 27%, renal hypoplasias 15%, and hereditary and vascular nephropathies 8%. Age at clinical onset of CRF was significantly lower in patients with obstructive uropathies (2.8 years) and renal hypoplasias (2.4 years) than in glomerulopathies (10.7 years). Deterioration rate correlated with cause of CRF; it was more rapid in primary glomerulopathies (4.1 years) and renal hypoplasias (4.2 years) than in obstructive uropathies (6.7 years). Within the six-year period, half the patients studied reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Final outcome did not seem to be modified significantly by corrective procedures. These findings suggest that major efforts should be directed toward identification of the etiopathogenesis of congenital nephropathies to prevent occurrence of CRF. PMID- 7343527 TI - Nitrogen metabolism and growth in experimental uremia. AB - Growth in length, weight gain and gain of body nitrogen were compared in rats with stable long-term uremia (U) resulting from subtotal two-stage nephrectomy with irradiation of residual parenchyma, in sham-operated pair-fed control rats (PFC) and in ad libitum fed control rats (LC). Growth in length and weight gain were considerably lower in U than in LC rats, reflecting mainly diminished intake of food in uremia. However, they were also significantly lower in U than in PFC despite identical intake of food, pointing to a specific adverse effect of uremia on growth. Whole body dry matter, whole body nitrogen and weight of a reference muscle (triceps surae) were significantly lower in U than in PFC animals, showing that dietary nitrogen and/or energy are less efficiently utilized for protein synthesis in U animals. Diminished net nitrogen retention was paralleled by increased urinary nitrogen loss (excretion of urea, alpha-amino nitrogen, protein, and creatinine). Within the precision of the method used, no significant difference of oxygen consumption between U and PFC animals could be demonstrated. The plasma amino acid pattern was deranged and the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio was decreased despite no change in hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. The findings document increased nitrogen and/or energy cost of growth in rats with stable chronic uremia; this finding agrees with previous observations of disturbed protein metabolism and hypercatabolism in experimental uremia. PMID- 7343528 TI - Value of antistreptolysin "O" titers for differential diagnosis of renal diseases. AB - A.S.O. titers were determined in 93 children with various kidney diseases. In addition, 52 children without renal disorders were investigated as controls. In the children with renal disease, 38 suffered from the "idiopathic", "primary" nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Thirteen had acute, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, 16 had "primary" chronic glomerulonephritis, 3 had pyelonephritis, and 1 had disseminated lupus nephritis. In acute glomerulonephritis, with or without N.S., the titers were higher than in the controls, which is known and consistent with the frequency of preceding streptococcal infections. Children with chronic glomerulonephritis, with and without associated N.S., did not show a similar tendency to increased values. All patients but one with "primary", , "idiopathic" N.S. of childhood had titers of less than 100. They were between 50 and 12 Todd units. These titers were observed early during the course of the disease and persisted for years in spite of remissions. They were not related to concomitant antimicrobial therapy, nor to corticosteroid administration. In "idiopathic" nephrotic syndrome of childhood a titer of less than 100 does not, in itself, lead to the diagnosis of a N.S. of childhood. However, a greater than 100 titer speaks against it and may well serve as a valid indication for a renal biopsy, in order to differentiate this disease from acute glomerulonephritis, and also from R.P.G.N. whenever they are associated with a N.S. The low titers are only of value in differentiating the "primary" form of the N.S. from the "secondary" forms which are preceded by chronic renal disease or which are due to another underlying, systemic disease. In nephrotic children less than 6 years of age, the less than 100 A.S.O. titers may also be due to their age. PMID- 7343529 TI - Total body potassium in children with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7343530 TI - The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on free water and osmolar clearances in patients with hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7343531 TI - Chemotherapy of filariasis. PMID- 7343532 TI - Post-exposure immunoprophylaxis of goats against rabies. AB - Uniform groups of young goats, free from rabies antibody, were inoculated with 600,000 mouse LD50 of a dog origin street virus via the massetter muscle. Two vaccine schedules, one consisting of 24 intramuscular doses of ERA vaccine and the other 4 doses of the same vaccine were given to 2 groups of virus inoculated goats and to 2 groups of uninoculated goats respectively. There were no significant differences in incubation periods of the clinically ill goats when the two pos-exposure vaccinated groups were compared. Both treated groups however, had longer incubation periods that the untreated control groups. Essentially the same experiment was done again, this time with 8.0 ml of high titer anti-rabies goat serum administered simultaneously. The incubation periods were prolonged slightly more than in the first experiment. The antiserum alone had the same effect. While no protection from mortality was observed in any group from these post-exposure treatments, it must be recognized that the virus challenge was severe both in dosage and in route of inoculation, and that the use of antibody also had quantitative aspects which were not taken into account. This work should be repeated giving appropriate consideration to the quantitative aspects of both virus and antibody dosage as well as to a less strenuous route of inoculation. PMID- 7343533 TI - Anthropophilic deflection of Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea). PMID- 7343534 TI - An attempt to use the Tc-99m-thiodisuccinic acid (TDSA) complex in renoscintigraphy. I. Preparation of the complex. AB - Attempts to apply thiodisuccinic acid for assessment of kidney function prompted a study on optimal conditions of labelling the compound with Tc-99m. The optimal pH, incubation time, temperature at labelling and amounts of necessary reagents were determined which permit to obtain Tc-99m-TDSA complex of 97% purity. An appropriate Kit was developed for ex promptu preparation of the complex. PMID- 7343535 TI - An attempt to use the Tc-99m-thiodisuccinic acid (TDSA) complex in renoscintigraphy. II. In vivo studies. AB - In the study the usefulness of Tc-99m-TDSA complex for renoscintigraphy was investigated. The results suggest that the complex undergoes elimination primarily via glomerular filtration similarly to Cr-51-EDTA and Tc-99-DTPA. Respective renoscintigraphic curves were obtained. PMID- 7343536 TI - Indications and contraindications of sanatorium treatment of children with renal and urinary diseases. AB - The necessity for the treatment and follow-up of children with kidney disease is emphasized. Apart from specific treatment with antibiotics, corticoids and immunosuppressives in cases of pyelonephritis, urological diseases and glomerulonephritis, the possibility of a non-specific physiotherapeutic treatment in the framework of a six-week cure is pointed out. The first sanatorium for children with renal disease in the GDR has, after initial experience and together with the GDR's Society for Child Nephrology, revised the list of indications which is presented in this paper. In addition to indications, also the contraindications are given. A gross first survey of 975 treatments is presented. PMID- 7343537 TI - Results of the surgical treatment of congenital hydronephrosis caused by subpelvic obstruction. AB - The results of surgical treatment for obstruction at the pyeloureteral junction in 282 patients, both children and adults, are presented. Most of the patients were treated by the Anderson-Hynes method, without nephrostomy. Good results were achieved in 71.2%, satisfactory ones in 20.4% of the cases. The rest of the patients underwent further surgery. The causes of late and early postoperative complications are analysed. A good result depends upon the adequate choice of operation and the correct technique of its performance. PMID- 7343538 TI - Supracystic urine diversion in patients with bladder carcinoma treated by cystectomy preceded by "short radiotherapy" (2000 R). AB - The authors assessed the results of supracystic urine diversion in 50 patients treated by cystectomy for bladder carcinoma who had "short radiotherapy" (2000 R) before the operation. It was found that preoperative radiotherapy caused no difficulties during subsequent cystectomy and the observed postoperative complications should be related rather to the surgical technique. It seems that indications to urine diversion by the method of Goodwin or Coffey should be considered with greater caution. In patients past the age of 65 years and those with more advanced neoplasms (T-3, T-4) bilateral ureterocutaneostomy should be performed more frequently for suprapubic urine diversion. PMID- 7343539 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis exhibiting the clinical features of Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - A case is reported here, the clinical features of which raised the suspicion of Goodpasture's syndrome which was, however, at variance with the absence of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. Renal failure improved on immunosuppressive treatment and peritoneal dialysis, but the patient died of gastric haemorrhage from a peptic ulcer related to steroid treatment. Necropsy and microscopic study revealed abnormalities of liver and spleen, consistent with Wegener's granulomatosis. Immunohistologic studies of the kidney confirmed the presence of granular-type IgG deposits in the glomeruli. There were extensive fibrin deposits in the kidney. The ways and means for the differentiation of Wegener's granulomatosis from Goodpasture's syndrome, the potential pathogenetic role of immunocomplexes and fibrin deposits, and the therapeutic possibilities are discussed. PMID- 7343540 TI - Influence of charcoal haemoperfusion on platelet count in acute poisoning and during regular dialysis treatment. AB - Platelet count did not significantly decrease after charcoal haemoperfusion in patients with acute poisoning and significantly decreased during regular dialysis treatment. Adherent platelets and leucocytes were found on the surface of granules after haemoperfusion using a scanning electron microscope. Decreased platelet count returned to the original level at 48 to 72 hours after charcoal haemoperfusion. PMID- 7343541 TI - Herpesviridae. Definition, provisional nomenclature, and taxonomy. The Herpesvirus Study Group, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. PMID- 7343542 TI - [Chances and risks in fracture therapy]. PMID- 7343543 TI - [Experimental surgery: accident surgery]. PMID- 7343544 TI - [Truth disclosure and documentation]. PMID- 7343545 TI - [Management of epidural hematoma--a task for accident surgery?]. PMID- 7343546 TI - [Emergency treatment of ligament injuries of the hand and lower arm]. PMID- 7343547 TI - [How can prognosis for blunt abdominal injuries be improved?]. PMID- 7343548 TI - [Joint stiffness, preventive and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 7343549 TI - Birth control-sex preference and sex ratio. PMID- 7343550 TI - Speciation and inferences on rates of molecular evolution from genetic distances. PMID- 7343551 TI - [Radiographic appearance of gastro-duodenal lymphomas]. PMID- 7343552 TI - [Normal CT anatomy of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7343553 TI - [New perspectives in mammary radiology]. PMID- 7343554 TI - [The treatment simulator in radiotherapy]. PMID- 7343555 TI - Cerebral arterial ectasia with vertebral aneurysm. PMID- 7343556 TI - [Follow-up of hydatiform mole]. PMID- 7343557 TI - Effect of noradrenaline reuptake blockade on evoked tritium overflow from mouse vasa deferentia and rat cortex slices previously incubated with 3H-noradrenaline. AB - 1 Electrical stimulation of mouse vasa deferentia or of rat occipital cortex slices which had been previously incubated with 3H-(-)noradrenaline increased the overflow of tritium from the tissue above that occurring spontaneously. 2 Phentolamine (10 micrometers) increased evoked tritium overflow from vasa deferentia as did both phentolamine and yohimbine (1.25 micrometers) when applied to cortex slices. 3 Evoked tritium overflow from cortex slices was increased by cocaine (20 micrometers) but neither cocaine (11 micrometers) nor desmethylimipramine (0.5 micrometers) increased evoked tritium overflow significantly in the vas deferens. 4 In contrast to its effect when applied alone, in the presence of phentolamine, cocaine produced a further increase in evoked tritium overflow in both tissues. 5 Application of (-)-noradrenaline in the presence of cocaine produced a reduction in evoked tritium overflow which was quantitatively similar in both tissues. 6 It is suggested that the effect on tritium overflow of blockade of the reuptake of noradrenaline by cocaine is masked in mouse vas deferens by a compensatory process mediated through presynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors. 7 It may be that such a compensation does not occur in cortex slices because of a difference in the architecture of the synapse in this tissue. PMID- 7343558 TI - Evidence that morphine and opioid peptides do not share a common pathway with adenosine in inhibiting acetylcholine release from isolated intestine. AB - 1 The release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig ileal isolated longitudinal muscle strip with intact Auerbach's plexus was measured by bioassay and by a radioisotope technique. 2 Normorphine (5 x 10(-7)M) and D-Met2, Pro5 enkephalinamide (D-Met, Pro-EA) reduced the release of acetylcholine. Theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, failed to prevent the inhibitory effect of normorphine or D-Met, Pro-EA. 3 Theophylline (1.7 x 10(-4)M) by itself enhanced the twitch responses to field stimulation (0.1 Hz) but did not prevent the inhibitory effect of normorphine and D-Met, Pro-EA. 4 From the results it can be concluded that morphine and opioid peptides do not share a common pathway with adenosine in inhibiting acetylcholine release from axon terminals of Auerbach's plexus. PMID- 7343559 TI - Comparative in vitro evaluation of six commercial vincamine prolonged-release dosage forms. AB - This study consisted of a comparison of the release rates of six commercial brands of prolonged-release vincamine. The pH of the dissolution medium was found to be highly significant. Due to the low solubility of vincamine in media close to the neutral point, all of the preparations tested, with the exception of one, showed highly variable release curves under the three pH conditions chosen. PMID- 7343560 TI - Disposition of pethidine in man under acidic urinary PH. I. Plasma level and urinary elimination of pethidine and norpethidine. AB - A detailed study on the plasma and urine levels of pethidine and its major basic metabolite, norpethidine, was carried out after intravenous and oral administration of pethidine, under conditions of controlled acidic urinary pH, to two healthy subjects who had previously shown significant difference in the urinary recovery of pethidine after the intramuscular administration of a standard dose. Utilizing the data of area under plasma concentration-time curve and cumulative urinary excretion of pethidine, similar values of renal clearance of the drug were obtained after separate intravenous and oral administration to the same subject. There is an overall difference in the renal clearance and metabolic pattern of the drug between these two subjects under conditions of controlled acidic urinary pH. It is postulated that variation in the overall elimination of pethidine and other weakly basic drugs can only be elucidated under conditions and may be interpreted in terms of differences in the renal clearance and hepatic biotransformation of the drug. PMID- 7343561 TI - A mathematical model of drug absorption. AB - A model is presented which attempts to take into account the physical factors involved in intestinal drug absorption. The absorption rate is expressed in terms of the mass transfer resistance in the aqueous phase surrounding the drug particles and in the lipid phase of the membrane. The model provides a framework within which the effect of the various physical parameters of a drug on bioavailability may be considered. The experimental values of the constants in the model are shown to be of the same order of magnitude as those estimated from physiological and physical data. PMID- 7343562 TI - The solid state stability of oral rehydration salts. AB - The stability of rehydration salts (Electrolyte Powder B.P.C.) used in the treatment of infantile diarrhoea and cholera, was investigated by examining the discolouration of the salts under different conditions. Colourimetric measurements were obtained with a reflectometer. Browning reactions in the electrolyte solutions were followed by absorption at 284 nm and by the thiobarbituric acid reaction at 443 nm. The original white colour of the mixture began to turn yellow during the second week of exposure at 50 +/- 1 degree C under human conditions. Storage at room temperature caused discolouration only after four weeks. Of the three Hunter's values L, a, b the degree of b increased significantly. Discolouration of the mixture was accompanied by spectral changes. The peaks of the spectra shifted uniformly but did not reach 284 nm. The plot of Hunter's L, a, b against time indicated that decomposition of glucose in the powder into early intermediates followed apparent zero order kinetics. Polymerisation of these intermediates after prolonged storage under adverse conditions is a possibility. It is therefore justifiable to conclude that the rehydration salts should be prepared extemporaneously when required unless strict storage conditions are adhered to. PMID- 7343563 TI - Awareness of potential drug interactions with anticoagulants. AB - A survey by questionnaire returned by 180 individuals determined the awareness of doctors and medical students and pharmacists and undergraduate pharmacy students to the potential of drug interactions occurring in patients receiving anticoagulant drugs. Pharmacy students and hospital pharmacists were particularly well informed of the hazards of drug interactions; community pharmacists were less well informed. Hospital medical consultants, registrars and general practitioners were more aware of the hazards of interactions than medical students. The survey clearly shows the need for more education of doctors and pharmacists on drug interactions, especially those involving anticoagulant drugs. PMID- 7343564 TI - The development of a regional scheme for preregistration training in hospital. AB - The development of a rational and comprehensive training scheme for preregistration graduate pharmacists in a metropolitan health region is described. The conceptual basis is an analysis of requirements of the training in terms of training theory, supported by detailed surveys. These are applied to produce an integrated scheme involving: a practical checklist, study days; self assessment; monitoring, assessment and appraisal; and the training of responsible pharmacists. PMID- 7343565 TI - The prevention of poisoning in childhood. AB - This review of the literature sets out to identify the problem of accidental poisoning in childhood and evaluate available preventive measures. A poisoning accident results from the association of three factors: an inexperienced child, a dangerous agent and an unsafe environment. Preventive measures are considered in the light of these factors. Prevention by education appears to be of limited value, although education serves to heighten professional and public awareness of the problem of childhood poisoning. Child-resistant containers (CRCs) have been shown to be effective in prevention and form the main focus for research and legislative action. It is suggested that future work is directed towards identifying those areas of risk where CRCs could be most usefully employed and towards reducing the technical difficulties which at present detract from the effectiveness of these devices. PMID- 7343566 TI - Local and systemic antibody responses in cows following immunization with staphylococcal antigens in the dry period. PMID- 7343567 TI - Immune complex nephritis in rats induced by long-term oral exposure to cadmium. PMID- 7343568 TI - Multiple Neoplasia in a jaguar (Panthera onca). PMID- 7343569 TI - Morphology of experimentally induced so-called keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas in 2 inbred-lines of Mastomys natalensis. PMID- 7343570 TI - An investigation of the type of photosensitization caused by the ingestion of St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) by calves. PMID- 7343571 TI - Effects of thymectomy and bursectomy on the systemic lesions of experimental Mycoplasma synoviae infection of the chicken. PMID- 7343574 TI - Ultrastructural studies of fibroadenomatous hyperplasia of mammary glands of 2 cats. PMID- 7343572 TI - Observations on kidney damage in hamsters following a non-icterohaemorrhagic form of disease resulting from infection by Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae. PMID- 7343573 TI - Long term tissue cultures and cell lines of neoplasms in domesticated animals. PMID- 7343575 TI - Experimental streptococcal endocarditis in the pig: the development of lesions 3 to 14 days after inoculation. PMID- 7343576 TI - Isolation and characterization of a herpesvirus from topi (Damaliscus korrigum, Ogilby). PMID- 7343577 TI - The pathological and serological response induced in pigs by parenteral inoculation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. PMID- 7343578 TI - The interaction of Trypanosoma congolense and Haemonchus contortus infections in 2 breeds of goat. 1. Parasitology. PMID- 7343579 TI - The interaction of Trypanosoma congolense and Haemonchus contortus infections in 2 breeds of goat. 2. Haematology. PMID- 7343580 TI - A method for reducing anxiety in the home-bound elderly. PMID- 7343581 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. Clinical issues. PMID- 7343582 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. Discussion: The registered nurse's role. PMID- 7343583 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly: Legal issues: the cases of Brother Fox and Earle Spring. PMID- 7343584 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. Discussion: To die before the gods please: legal issues surrounding euthanasia and the elderly. PMID- 7343585 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. Introduction: "To be or not to be": decision-making dilemmas in modern medicine. PMID- 7343586 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. Ethical issues. PMID- 7343587 TI - Termination of life support systems in the elderly. General discussion: "Company in battle". PMID- 7343588 TI - Narcissism and role loss in older adults. PMID- 7343589 TI - Sequential development changes in microfilariae of subperiodic Brugia malayi to infective larvae in susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti (Macdonald). PMID- 7343590 TI - Serological investigations of urban and rural commensal rodent plague in Maharashtra. PMID- 7343591 TI - Laboratory evaluation of some molluscicides against french water snails, Indoplanorbis and Lymnaea species. PMID- 7343592 TI - Bacterial and fungal pathogens from the intestinal tracts of cockroaches. PMID- 7343593 TI - Scavenger snail secretion as an ovipositional attractant for Aedes aegypti. PMID- 7343594 TI - Field trip to determine the acceptability of coloured and plain DDT as residual insecticide. PMID- 7343595 TI - A note on attachment sites of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Lat.) (Acarina) on Indian hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus collaris (Gray) (Insectivora : Erinacidae). PMID- 7343596 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in and around Rohtak town. PMID- 7343597 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections in pre-school children in lower socioeconomic community in Delhi. PMID- 7343598 TI - Epidemiology of veno-occlusive disease in tribal population of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. PMID- 7343599 TI - An outbreak of cholera in Indore City, Madhya Pradesh, 1980. Some epidemiological observations. PMID- 7343600 TI - Human rabies in Kathmandu, Nepal. PMID- 7343601 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in rural population of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 7343602 TI - Complement fixing antigen in rabies. VII. Its application in sero-survey of vaccinated subjects. PMID- 7343603 TI - Hepatitis-B antigen and antibodies in Nigerian women and children. PMID- 7343604 TI - Comparative study on the susceptibility of some mosquito larvae to seven insecticides. PMID- 7343605 TI - Susceptibility of Simulium himalayense larvae to some insecticides. PMID- 7343606 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in urban area of Alwar, Rajasthan. PMID- 7343607 TI - Intestinal parasitic load in school going children of East Equitoria province of Sudan. PMID- 7343608 TI - A simple technique for colonization of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles. PMID- 7343609 TI - Psychological adaptation of the older homosexual male. AB - Social, psychological, and demographic characteristics of older homosexual males were examined through analysis of the questionnaire responses of 112 homosexual men 40 years of age or older. Few of the negative stereotypes that usually characterize descriptions of this group were supported. Most respondents were well adjusted and satisfied with their lives. Variables relating to good psychological adaptation included integration into the gay community, commitment to homosexuality, a low concern with concealment of sexual preference, a current exclusive relationship, and a satisfactory sex life. There was some evidence to indicate that age is positively related to several aspects of psychological adaptation. PMID- 7343610 TI - Theoretical bases for research on the acquisition of social sex-roles by children of lesbian mothers. AB - The present study, which examines the socialization effects of lesbian mothers upon their children, begins with a discussion of the classification and measurement of sex-typed behaviors. Theories from developmental, behavioral, and social psychology are applied, in order to distinguish between the acquisition of sex-typed behaviors and the actual performance of those behaviors. The conditions affecting the modeling process are also discussed. Lesbian lifestyles and values are explored through a review of several descriptive studies of lesbian mothers. Finally, an application of theoretical models is presented to determine the socialization effects on the children. A theoretical base is provided for suggested experimental research. PMID- 7343611 TI - Heterosexual and lesbian single mothers: a comparison of problems, coping, and solutions. AB - Expertise regarding lesbian mothers is increasingly necessary to members of the legal and helping professions, but there is little empirical research on which to base informed decisions. This paper describes an exploratory study undertaken in response to these needs. Descriptive data were gathered on the everyday experiences of heterosexual and lesbian single mothers. Research methods included participant observation in a wide range of discussion groups and group activities, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire. Using a phenomenological perspective, comparisons are drawn between heterosexual and lesbian respondents' adaptations to three common concerns: child custody, housing, and employment. While both groups report oppression in the areas of freedom of association, employment, housing, and child custody, the degree of perceived oppression is greater for lesbian mothers. Lesbian mothers exhibit patterns of behavior that may be responses to perceived oppression and that may serve to counterbalance felt difficulties by developing relatively higher levels of independence. PMID- 7343612 TI - Lesbian women's perceptions of their parent-child relationships. AB - Twenty-six self-identified lesbian women and a comparison group of twenty-six heterosexual women, who were either students in a human sexuality course, members of the National Organization for Women, or volunteers from a women's center, were administered the short form of Schaefer's Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and an interview concerning family background relationships and sexual experiences and attitudes. Regression analysis revealed no significant family background variable or parental sex-role adherence variable that correlated with sexual orientation. Significant differences were found concerning sex-role adherence, with lesbian women being more masculinely sex-role typed than heterosexual women. Lesbian women were also found to be significantly more satisfied with their sex lives. It was concluded that there are no apparent family background variables that predict the development of a lesbian orientation. PMID- 7343613 TI - Plasma fibrinolytic activity and platelets in infective hepatitis. PMID- 7343614 TI - Primary carcinoma of gall bladder. PMID- 7343615 TI - Some problems of systemic antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7343616 TI - Eosinophilic leukaemia. PMID- 7343617 TI - Annular detachment of cervix. PMID- 7343619 TI - Teenage Obstetrics. PMID- 7343618 TI - Epidemiology of trauma. PMID- 7343620 TI - ABO gene distribution in south-east region of Madhya Pradesh. PMID- 7343621 TI - Pancreaticosplenic cyst. PMID- 7343622 TI - Intestinal obstruction following metastasis from uterine carcinoma. PMID- 7343623 TI - Forced vital capacity in smokers and non-smokers. PMID- 7343624 TI - Pattern of ovarian tumours in Ajmer (Rajasthan). PMID- 7343625 TI - Common skin diseases. PMID- 7343626 TI - Craniofacial pain masquerading depression. PMID- 7343627 TI - Giant duplication of gut. PMID- 7343628 TI - Summary of research on individual education. PMID- 7343629 TI - Critical incidents: traditional and individual education responses. PMID- 7343630 TI - Breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. PMID- 7343631 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome presenting as reflux esophagitis and stricture. PMID- 7343632 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma metastatic to malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7343633 TI - America: land of wonders. PMID- 7343634 TI - Malpractice, then and now. PMID- 7343635 TI - Factors in practice location. PMID- 7343636 TI - Topography of the human colonic lamina propria. PMID- 7343637 TI - Banded collagen fibrils in the matrix of Meckel's cartilage. PMID- 7343638 TI - A freeze-fracture deep-etching replica method with volatile cryoprotectant. PMID- 7343639 TI - Ultrastructure of the glia-like cells located in the choroid plexus of the third ventricle of pigeon. PMID- 7343640 TI - Specimen chamber geometry--a possible source of error in quantitative x-ray microanalysis in STEM. PMID- 7343641 TI - A numerical taxonomic study of members of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa. AB - Two hundred and twenty-two representatives of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa, including reference cultures, received strains and fresh isolates, were tested using 124 unit characters. The data were examined using numerical taxonomic techniques with various coefficients and average linkage clustering; the variation in composition of the clusters obtained from the different coefficients was slight. Most species included in the study formed discrete phena, which exhibited good differential characters. Actinomyces israelii was particularly well-defined and A. naeslundii and A. viscosus, although grouping together, did show divergence in several test results. Actinomyces bovis was initially linked with representatives of genera other than Actinomyces, these being Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The strains of Bacterionema matruchotii and Rothia dentocariosa formed tight distinct clusters associated only at low similarity levels with other members of the family Actinomycetaceae. The Arachnia propionica phenon, although well defined, appeared to consist of two subclusters which could be assigned to serotypes 1 and 2. Tests which may be useful in identification are tabulated and the relationships between the various taxa are discussed. PMID- 7343642 TI - Evidence for plasmid-mediated restriction-modification in Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. AB - Mycobacterium avium intracellulare strain LR25 carries three plasmids with molecular weights of 11.2, 18.3 and 107 X 10(6) as determined by electron microscopy. A number of phages propagated on Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 were tested for their ability to infect strain LR25. Phage JF2 gave an efficiency of plating of 10(-4) on strain LR25, but phage JF2 propagated on strain LR25 infected strain LR25 and M. smegmatis with equal high efficiency. This indicated the presence of a restriction-modification (R-M) system in strain LR25 that was not present in M. smegmatis. Strain LR25 was grown in the presence of acriflavine to eliminate the plasmids and tested for sensitivity to phage JF2. One of forty colonies was found to be R-M-deficient. This strain, designated strain LR163, lacks the three plasmids present in strain LR25. The results indicate that the R M system is plasmid-coded. Strain LR163 was sensitive to several phages to which strain LR25 was resistant and for which we were unable to isolate modified phage. This suggests that some plasmid-coded function in addition to restriction is involved. An R-M system was also demonstrated in M. avium intracellulare strain LR131 using phage JF1. This strain does not carry plasmids. PMID- 7343643 TI - Effects of glucose concentration n biomass, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous Propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. AB - There cutaneous propionibacteria - Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum - were grown in chemostats using semi-synthetic medium with various concentrations of glucose. Biomass rose with increasing glucose concentration up to 0.3-0.4% (w/v) and then remained constant. Propionibacterium granulosum had both a low yield and low mumax when grown in the absence of glucose suggesting that this organism is essentially 'saccharolytic' in its nutrition. In contrast, P. acnes and P. avidum had higher growth yields than P. granulosum and showed their highest mumax values in the absence of glucose. Extracellular lipase, hyaluronidase (hyaluronate lyase) and acid phosphatase activities varied with different glucose concentrations, but in all cases were lowest at the highest glucose concentration tested (0.5%, w/v). PMID- 7343644 TI - Production, purification and chemical properties of an antistaphylococcal agent produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - An antibacterial agent produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 5 was isolated from culture supernatants; its spectrum of activity is restricted to staphylococci and micrococci. The bacteriocin-like substance was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography on Servachrome XAD-2, CM-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-50. Chemical analysis showed it to be a peptide with a molecular weight of about 6000 and an isoelectric point of about 10.5. Purified material was rapidly inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin and pronase and it was relatively heat-stable. After acidic hydrolysis 10 amino acid residues and two unidentified ninhydrin-positive substances were detected. Production of the bacteriocin-like substance was not inducible with mitomycin C. PMID- 7343645 TI - The halophilic properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PMID- 7343646 TI - [Psychoanalytic clinical aspects in the genetic reference]. PMID- 7343647 TI - [Biological transmissibility--psychological transmissibility. Genetics and filiation. Propositions for a common research]. PMID- 7343648 TI - [Definition of environmental factors by reference to the genetic factor: their contribution to family resemblance]. PMID- 7343649 TI - [Genetic counseling and risk]. AB - From their own experience, the authors try to expose the concept of risk, an abstract and difficult one to express realistically. Successively are exposed the concept of risk after several accidents and after a first occurrence of an hereditary affection in a sibship; the concept of empiric risk; the probability of an "accident" in some circumstances (inbreeding, possible prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities, possibly teratogenic agents during the pregnancy). They expose the concept of risk for geneticist, by phrasing the problem of the necessity or the possibility for the genetic counseling to be leading and they study the referrals' reaction in front of the genetic risk. PMID- 7343650 TI - [Psychological problems in 3 women with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7343651 TI - [Genetic aspects of alcoholic behavior]. PMID- 7343652 TI - [From the genetics of disease to the genetics of behavior]. AB - Apparently a kind of antimony exists between the psychopathological approach which implies a continuum between normality and abnormality and genetic studies which intend to give a causal explanation of the mental illness. The choice of the behavioral phenotype requires nevertheless some psychopathological and clinical criteria. Furthermore, when we consider the mode of action of the genetic factor we are dealing with a behavioral target as much as with physiological mechanisms. When we discover a genetic factor in the determinism of a particular mental disorder, we must admit that the same factor is involved in the determinism of the normal behavior which corresponds to this disorder. It follows that the genetic analysis of mental illness appears as a particular methodology for the genetic approach of behavior in a general way. But it needs that we build up a new phenomenology of human behavior which fits with this approach. PMID- 7343653 TI - [Congress of Clinical and Psychopathological Genetics. Conclusions]. AB - Pavlov is reported to have compared his own line of research and Freud's one to two tunnels driven through a mountain by two teams of sappers who hope to be able to join. The ways of Genetics and of Psychoanalytical Psychopathology have in common their concern with Time but their methods are drastically different they apprehend different fecats of reality. Nevertheless both imply a strong reference to Fate. Consequences of genetic loading can be attenuated by scientific progress but in the absence of ethical boundaries research may unintentionally open Pandora's box. PMID- 7343655 TI - [A sensitive fluorometric determination of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343654 TI - Monitoring of the serum levels of muscle enzymes during replacement therapy in hypothyroidism with myopathy. PMID- 7343656 TI - [Complex formation and the molecular interaction between barbiturates and polyethylene glycol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343657 TI - [Decreases in size of sequentially extruded liposomes through polycarbonate membranes-measurements by a method of quasi elastic laser light scattering (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343658 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Schizandra fruit. I. General pharmacological effects of gomisin A and schizandrin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343660 TI - [Studies on the constituents of cinnamomi cortex. VI. On the mass spectrometry of cassia diterpene (lactone type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343659 TI - [Studies on the compounds related to azulene. III. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of acylaminoguaiazulenes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343661 TI - [Determination of acid chloride by high-performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343662 TI - [Studies on the constituents of medicinal plants in Hokkaido. I. On the whole herb of Swertia tetrapetala Pall. (1) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343663 TI - The retrieval of scaled English consonants. AB - Two scales of the perceptual differences among English consonants had been constructed earlier, one from pairs of aural syllables and one from pairs of viewed one-syllable English words. In both instances the pairs of stimuli differed only in the initial consonants. In the present work 276 pairs of syllables were assembled in sets of six. A set was viewed sequentially for 1.5 sec/slide. Then 25 subjects who worked in groups of 4-6 attempted to write one randomly chosen omitted member of each pair on an answer form; another 25 subjects were asked to supply the opposite syllables of each pair. This task was termed "primary memory." Fifty additional subjects repeated the tasks but spent 10 sec counting backward by 3s before trying to recall and write the missing syllables, thus setting up a task of secondary memory. Response forms were scored for right, wrong, and omitted responses. All responses were then compared with each of the scales referred to above, and the mean value for each group of 50 subjects (25 who used the answer form in the ab order + 25 who used the ba order) was computed. The difference between the scores for the two tasks was statistically significant, as was the difference between the scores yielded by the two scales. The "visual" scale appeared to fit the data better than the "aural" scale. The procedures employed and the assumptions that were made yielded results that would not justify an opinion that an error in recall is typically "almost right." However, the data did reflect partial forgetting. PMID- 7343664 TI - Strategies in processing new versus old information by children. AB - This study investigated how children linguistically encode new versus old information as a function of age on a Receptive and an Expressive Task. Kindergarteners and third-graders were presented with picture pairs. Members of each picture pair were identical except for one obvious detail, the new information. While there was little difference between the two age groups on the Receptive Task, statistically significant differences were found on the Expressive Task. Results were discussed in terms of children's cognitive/perceptual strategies in encoding new versus old information. PMID- 7343665 TI - Listener agreement on phonetic segments in early infant vocalizations. AB - Noncry, nonlanguage vocalizations were sampled from four female babies between the ages of 7 and 21 months. Three trained listeners' phonetic transcriptions of more than 1,000 vocalizations were compared for interjudge and intrajudge agreement. The amount of agreement varied with the child's age and the criterion of agreement. The tendency toward somewhat greater interjudge agreement in the older than in the younger sampled months was attributed to the possibility that the child's vocal output becomes more speechlike with increasing age. Using an identical segment match criterion, interjudge and intrajudge agreement rarely exceeded 60% of the total number of segment comparisons made at any age. A feature-match criterion applied just to oral stops yielded higher agreement than did the identical segment match criterion. The results underscore the importance of considering listener reliability in assessing the validity of auditory descriptions of early vocal behavior and have implications for the methods used to describe auditory impressions. PMID- 7343666 TI - Early detection of pregnancy in rhesus and stump-tailed macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca arctoides). Evaluation of two radioimmunoassays and a hemagglutination inhibition test. AB - Chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) in serum and urine of monkeys was determined by a radioimmunoassay and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI subhuman primate tube test for pregnancy). HAI-positive pregnancy tests coincided fully with the mCG excretion patterns as determined by RIA (oLH beta system). The least reliable system was the hCG-beta RIA. The HAI test allowed accurate prediction of the parturition date. PMID- 7343667 TI - A retrospective study of etiological factors of abortion in the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus. AB - Abortions in owl monkeys occurred in the late second and early third trimesters. Retrospective study of clinical records showed that handling, maternal anemia, karyotype, and season were unassociated with abortion. Most aborted infants had no gross lesions at necropsy. Some had renal tubular necorsis, probably a postmortem change. PMID- 7343668 TI - Serum proteins of Macaca nigra. Identification and changes in nondiabetic and diabetic monkeys. AB - Serum proteins of Macaca nigra were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Proteins identified were: albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, beta 1C-globulin, and gamma 1- and gamma 2-globulins. Diabetic M. nigra had decreased gamma 2-globulin; borderline diabetics had increased beta 3 globulin. PMID- 7343669 TI - Dysthyroid orbital disease in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Fluctuating left exophthalmos in a mature male Macaca fascicularis was studied clinically utilizing the diagnostic modalities of A- and B-scan ultrasonography and computerized tomography in addition to routine ophthalmic examination and radiography. Laboratory results were suggestive of thyroid hypofunction. Clinical and histopathologic observations were consistent with a diagnosis of dysthyroid orbitopathy, a condition previously unreported in nonhuman primates and the most common cause of unilateral exophthalmos in humans. PMID- 7343670 TI - Irradiated salivary glands in the rhesus monkey. A light microscopic study. AB - Female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received fractionated doses of orthovoltage irradiation to the submandibular and sublingual glands. Changes in the glands varied from serous cell degranulation and degeneration in the submandibular glands to acinar cell necrosis and fibrosis in the sublingual glands. Acute inflammation was absent in all irradiated glands. In all glands, the microvasculature appeared normal. PMID- 7343671 TI - Prolonged in utero retention and mummification of a Macaca mulatta fetus. AB - An intrauterine mummified fetus in a Macaca mulatta was delivered surgically 708 days after onset of the last menstrual flow. Supracervical hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy were done. The fetus consisted of a compressed but complete skeleton and hairy skin adherent to the intact, thin uterine wall. Placenta and umbilical cord could not be identified. PMID- 7343673 TI - Unilateral hypoplasia of the palate and associated structures in a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar). AB - A hole in the palate was detected in a ten-day-old white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar). The clinical observations demonstrated a unilateral hypoplasia of the palate, of the maxilla, of a tooth, and of the adjacent facial musculature and skin. PMID- 7343672 TI - Intrauterine mummified fetus in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - A case of an intrauterine mummified fetus in a Macaca mulatta is described. The condition was detected in a member of a harem breeding colony, which exhibited vaginal bleeding. The mummified fetus was surgically removed and the mother made an uneventful recovery. PMID- 7343674 TI - Birth timing and social rank of adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - The distribution of birth dates of offspring of high-ranking adult males was compared with that of offspring of low-ranking adult males. A significantly greater number of the offspring of high-ranking males were born earlier during the birth season than were those of low-ranking males (chi 2(2) = 10.00, p less than 0.01). Higher reproductive success might be maintained by adult rhesus monkeys of high rank not only by the intensity but also by the timing of their mating activity. PMID- 7343675 TI - Selected coenzymes and vitamin values in the female baboon. AB - Laboratory assessment of folic acid, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, carotene, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 levels in the plasma or erythrocytes of normally cycling female baboons is reported. The laboratory methods are discussed and comparative data from humans are presented. PMID- 7343676 TI - Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of lemurs. AB - Erythrocytes of five species of lemurs were found to be significantly more susceptible to lysis by osmotic stress than erythrocytes of man. In one lemur species, Lemur macaco, the red cell osmotic fragility profile resembles that of human subjects with hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 7343677 TI - Polymorphic assemblies of double strands of sickle cell hemoglobin. Manifold pathways of deoxyhemoglobin S crystallization. PMID- 7343678 TI - Model of a specific interaction. Salt-bridges form between prothrombin and its activating enzyme blood clotting factor Xa. PMID- 7343679 TI - Conformation and interactions of pectins. I. X-ray diffraction analyses of sodium pectate in neutral and acidified forms. PMID- 7343680 TI - Conformations and interactions of pectins. II. Models for junction zones in pectinic acid and calcium pectate gels. PMID- 7343681 TI - Reaction of carbon monoxide with hemocyanin: stereochemical effects of a non bridging ligand. PMID- 7343682 TI - Sequence homology near the center of the extrachromosomal rDNA palindrome in Tetrahymena. PMID- 7343683 TI - Crystallization of tobacco ringspot virus. PMID- 7343684 TI - An alternative view of mammalian DNA sequence organization. I. Repetitive sequence interspersion in Syrian hamster DNA: a model system. PMID- 7343685 TI - A probabilistic analysis of DNA sequence organization. PMID- 7343686 TI - Coronavirus glycoprotein E1, a new type of viral glycoprotein. PMID- 7343687 TI - Statistical considerations concerning the disposal of dairy bulls used for artificial insemination in Hokkaido from 1958 to 1979. PMID- 7343688 TI - Helminth parasites of Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus from the Koshiki Islands, Japan, with a description of Subulura suzukii sp. n. PMID- 7343689 TI - Survey of influenza viruses in feral birds in 1979 and isolation of a strain possessing Hav6Nav5 from cloaca of an eastern dunlin. PMID- 7343690 TI - Some experiments on ascending of Corynebacterium renale in mice from urinary bladder into kidneys. PMID- 7343691 TI - A first case of XY/XYY mosaic bull. PMID- 7343692 TI - Bovine babesiosis in Japan: clinical and clinico-pathological studies on cattle experimentally infected with Babesia ovata. PMID- 7343693 TI - Histological and Ultrastructural findings of regressing canine transmissible venereal tumor after repeated transplantation. PMID- 7343694 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies on the endocrine cells in the duck proventriculus. PMID- 7343696 TI - Measurements of the skull of native cattle and banteng in Indonesia. PMID- 7343695 TI - Histopathogenesis of bracken fern-induced experimental tumor of urinary bladder. PMID- 7343697 TI - [Immunological response of dogs to Dirofilaria immitis infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343698 TI - Liver abscess production in mice by intraportal injection of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A strain. PMID- 7343699 TI - Mutual transmission of Pasteurella pneumotropica between mice and rats. PMID- 7343700 TI - Recent occurrence of chlamydiosis and giardiasis in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in Japan. PMID- 7343701 TI - Non-conjugative R plasmid with five drug resistance from Bordetella bronchiseptica of pig origin. PMID- 7343702 TI - Some metabolic interrelationships among cadmium, lead, copper and zinc: results from a field survey in CD-polluted areas in Japan. Part four: heavy metal ratios and correlations. PMID- 7343703 TI - Closure of the nasal raw surface in pushback surgery with bilateral musculomucosal flaps from cleft margins and its early speech evaluation. PMID- 7343704 TI - Postoperative lumbar canal stenosis due to anterior spinal fusion. PMID- 7343705 TI - An hypothesis to explain the ultrafiltration characteristics of peritoneal dialysis. AB - We present an hypothesis that could account for many characteristics of ultrafiltration and solute movement during peritoneal dialysis. The hypothesis describes transcapillary ultrafiltration and can account for (1) the osmotic effectiveness of rapidly absorbed glucose, (2) small solute sieving in a system permitting protein loss, (3) functional estimates of effective pore sizes as low as 11 A for urea and as high as 62 A for proteins from hydrodynamic analyses, (4) isolated loss of ultrafiltration without loss of clearance, (5) decreased ultrafiltration with decreased clearances, and (6) increased ultrafiltration with decreased clearances. Mechanisms for fluid movement from the peritoneal interstitium into the peritoneal cavity may involve both hydrostatic and osmotic pressure. Interstitial water pathway dimensions, interstitial gel surface charges, mesothelial cell surface charges, and transmesothelial-cell water movement might also account for sieving effects during peritoneal ultrafiltration. PMID- 7343706 TI - Enhancement of peritoneal dialysis clearance with docusate sodium. AB - A study was done in rabbits to determine the effect of docusate sodium (DSS) on the peritoneal clearance of creatinine and urea. Following a series of control exchanges with a commercially available peritoneal dialysis solution, three animals in each of four groups received DSS (0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.04%) in a single exchange, followed by 10 subsequent exchanges of control fluid. Creatinine and urea clearances were measured for each exchange. Comparison of post-DSS clearances (exchanges 5 through 15) with pre-DSS baseline values (exchanges 1 through 4) showed a mean percent increase in creatinine clearance that was proportional to the concentration and ranged from 74% to 244% above baseline. Similarly, urea clearance increased by 79 to 166%. The effect on both creatinine and urea clearance persisted through the completion of the dialysis procedure. No animals showed signs of toxicity from DSS. The mechanism of the DSS effect on clearance is unknown. Although studies are needed to delineate the mechanism of the effect and to identify potential toxic effects, the results of this study indicate that DSS has a significant effect on clearance of both creatinine and urea. PMID- 7343707 TI - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance study of the rat kidney in vivo. AB - We show that phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) can be used to study the metabolic state of kidneys in live, anesthetized rats without the need for surgery. To localize signals from the kidney, we used a radiofrequency surface coil in conjunction with the magnetic field profiling technique that is used for "topical magnetic resonance," (TMR). Signals are observed from phosphorus containing metabolites including ATP and inorganic phosphate, and under certain conditions intracellular pH can be estimated. We suggest that the ratio of free ATP to free ADP is higher than the estimates of 1.5 to 2.0 obtained from freeze clamping studies. Because of the important roles that ATP, ADP, inorganic phosphate, and pH are believed to play in cellular metabolism, it seems that 31P NMR could be a powerful clinical tool. PMID- 7343708 TI - Ionic requirements of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption flow dependence of fluid transport. AB - The effects of changes in luminal flow rate on fluid absorption in rat renal proximal convoluted tubules were studied by continuous luminal and peritubular microperfusion methods. Luminal flow rate was varied over a range from 5 to 45 nl . min-1, and the effects of transepithelial chloride and bicarbonate gradients were tested. Fluid absorption across the proximal convoluted tubule increased with luminal flow rate in the absence of luminal bicarbonate and organic solutes but in the presence of transepithelial chloride and bicarbonate gradients and active sodium transport. Augmenting perfusion rate from 5 to 45 nl . min-1 resulted in an increase of volume absorption from 0.49 to 3.37 nl . min-1 per millimeter length of tubule-1. The chloride concentration change in the collected perfusate decreased from 5.9 to 2.6 mEq . liter-1 . mm length tubule-1 over the same perfusion range. Thus, tubular chloride concentration rises with perfusion rate such that the steepest transepithelial chloride gradients are maintained at the highest flow rates. Flow dependence continued, albeit at reduced rate, in the absence of active sodium transport (cyanide perfusion) but in the presence of chloride and bicarbonate gradients. Flow dependence disappeared in the absence of both active sodium transport and transepithelial anion gradients. Luminal and peritubular perfusion experiments with symmetrical bicarbonate-free solutions that contained only phosphate buffer showed that even under those conditions fluid movement driven by cyanide-sensitive active transport increased with flow rate. PMID- 7343709 TI - Flow dependence of fluid transport in the isolated superficial pars recta: evidence that osmotic disequilibrium between external solutions drives isotonic fluid absorption. AB - The present studies tested the hypothesis that osmotic disequilibrium between luminal and peritubular fluids is the driving force for net volume absorption in the isolated proximal straight tubule. Isolated tubule segments from superficial rabbit renal cortex were perfused at varying rates with a high chloride and bicarbonate-free solution as they were bathed with a normal bicarbonate-Krebs Ringer buffer solution at 38 degrees C. Increasing the perfusion rate from congruent to 4 to congruent to 30 nl/min produced a monotonic increase in net volume absorption (Jv) from 0.18 +/- (sem) 0.03 to 0.62 +/- 0.08 nl . min-1. The chloride concentration in collected fluid samples rose from congruent to 137 to congruent to 147 mEq/liter over the same perfusion rate range. Ouabain (10(-4) m) added to the bathing solution inhibited Jv by a rate which varied from 0.20 to 0.28 nl . min-1 . min-1, depending on the perfusion rate. A mathematical model of the axial flows and transepithelial transport processes was developed. This model, and the experimental data, is consistent with the view that the driving force for isotonic fluid absorption in these tubules depends on the axial maintenance of osmotic disequilibrium between the perfusate and the bathing solution. Increasing the perfusion rate opposes osmotic equilibration by minimizing the extent to which dissipative fluxes of chloride and bicarbonate ions change the transepithelial chloride and bicarbonate concentration gradients, and by minimizing the tendency of the luminal cryoscopic osmolality to increase as volume absorption occurs. PMID- 7343710 TI - Ammonia partitioning between glutamine and urea: interorgan participation in metabolic acidosis. AB - The distribution of precursor nitrogen between urea and glutamine was studied in control and acidotic rats. Acidosis, either acutely induced with hydrochloric acid or chronically induced with ammonium chloride, resulted in a rise in ammonia and a fall in urinary urea excretion; the percent of urinary nitrogen excreted as ammonia rose from 3.5 +/- 0.4 and 4.9 +/- 0.5 in fed and pair-fed controls to 25.9 +/- 3.9 and 37 +/- 5 in acidosis induced by hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride. Hepatoportal vein urea concentration differences were significantly reduced, whereas glutamine concentration differences were significantly elevated, consistent with a shift of nitrogen from ureagenesis to glutamine; alanine and ammonia concentration differences were significantly decreased and increased respectively in the acidotic animals, suggesting that former supported urea synthesis whereas ammonia may preferentially support glutamine synthesis. Evidence of a feed-forward involvement of the gut in influencing hepatic nitrogen distribution was suggested by an increased ammonia and decreased alanine release in acidotic rats. Bilateral ureteral ligation was performed on control and acidotic rats to determine the fate of the redirected urinary ammonia. Ammonia did not accumulate in the blood, rather it was initially incorporated into glutamine, elevating the plasma level, and then it was subsequently deposited into urea. The shift of nitrogen back into urea in acidotic animals was confirmed by the greater postligation urea production rates supported by hepatic uptake of both alanine and glutamine. These results are discussed in terms of interorgan participation involving the liver, gut, and muscle in the partitioning of nitrogen between glutamine and urea. PMID- 7343711 TI - Renal lesions and proteinuria in the spontaneously hypertensive rat made normotensive by treatment. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (N = 40) were maintained at normal blood pressure to the age of 100 weeks by treatment (reserpine, hydralazine, and chlorothiazide) beginning at intervals in groups of eight, from the 5th to 45th week. Mortality rates, patterns of proteinuria, and glomerular and arteriolar pathology were compared with that of treated and untreated normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls matched for age (N = 39) and untreated SHR's (N = 26). Treatment clearly prolongs life in SHR's, the mortality rate for untreated being 100% at 75 weeks versus no deaths at that age among 24 SHR's treated before 20th week. At 100 weeks, treated SHR's were excreting eight times the baseline values of urinary protein, whereas WKY's had hardly increased from baseline values. At 100 weeks, normotensive SHR's showed fibrinoid necrosis, sclerosis, and pericapsular fibrosis of glomeruli, whereas no morphologic damage was found in glomeruli or renal arterioles of WKY. Glomerular lesions in normotensive SHR's are indistinguishable in kind from their hypertensive counterparts, but occur somewhat later. Juxtamedullary glomeruli initially suffer the greatest damage and appear to be the major source of urinary protein. These findings speak against the hypothesis of an increased intravascular pressure as the major factor in the pathogenesis of arteriolar sclerosis and rather favor a genetic defect in the vascular system of the SHR, a defect strongly associated with the hypertensive trait. A possible relationship of this defect to inherited membrane abnormalities recently described in RBC and smooth muscle cells of SHR is discussed. PMID- 7343712 TI - Glomerular immune injury in the rat: effect of antagonists of histamine activity. AB - The participation of histamine via H1 and H2 receptors, in the alteration of glomerular ultrafiltration consequent to acute glomerular immune injury was evaluated in three groups of Munich-Wistar rats, before and after the administration of large doses of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBM). Group 1 was the control and was untreated; group 2, rats continuously infused with H1 receptor antagonist diphenhydramine; and group 3, rats receiving continuous infusion of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. In group 1, nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) decreased within 60 min after AGBM from 58 +/- 2 to 32 +/ 5 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1 (P less than 0.0005) due to decreases in both nephron plasma flow (RPF) (291 +/- 35 to 119 +/- 23 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005) and the glomerular permeability coefficient (LpA) (0.13 +/- 0.02 to 0.06 +/- 0.01 nl . sec-1 . g kidney wt-1 . mm Hg-1) (P less than 0.01). In group 2, SNGFR decreased similarly with AGBM (59 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 10 nl . mm-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005) due again to major reductions in RPF and LpA, suggesting no protective effect of H1 receptor blockade. In group 3, control, pre-AGBM values for SNGFR and RPF were lower than they were in groups 1 and 2 due to cimetidine infusion. SNGFR and RPF decreased but to a lesser extent in group 3 (48 +/- 3 to 41 nl . min-1 . g kidney wt-1) (P less than 0.0005). Renal vascular resistance did not change after AGBM in this group but interpretation of this finding is complicated because blood pressure decreased after the antibody administration. LpA decreased in group 3 as in group 1, therefore neither H1 nor H2 receptor antagonist prevented reductions in LpA. The absence of vasoconstriction after AGBM during H2 receptor blockade may have been a nonspecific effect of cimetidine. Histamine plays no major role in AGBM-induced immune injury in the rat and does not prevent a reduction in nephron filtration rate. PMID- 7343713 TI - Role of the medullary collecting duct in potassium excretion in potassium-adapted animals. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the rate of urinary potassium excretion is markedly greater in animals fed a high potassium diet than in animals on a control diet before and during the acute infusion of potassium salts. Because the contribution of the medullary collecting duct to urinary potassium under these conditions has not been determined, microcatheterization studies were performed to elucidate the role of that nephron segment in regulating potassium excretion in controls and in animals on a potassium-enriched diet. Although there was no evidence of net transport of potassium by the medullary collecting duct in control animals under basal conditions, net secretion of potassium by that nephron segment accounted for nearly one half of the increased rate of urinary excretion in animals fed a high potassium diet. During acute infusion of potassium salts, potassium secretion by the medullary portion of the collecting duct contributed approximately one half of the potassium in the final urine samples in both controls and animals fed a high potassium diet. Because the rate of urinary excretion was twofold greater in experimental animals during acute potassium loading, absolute potassium secretion in medullary collecting duct was twice the control rate in animals adapted to a high potassium dietary intake. These data demonstrate, therefore, that the medullary collecting duct plays an important role in regulating the excretion of potassium when the excretory load is either acutely or chronically increased. PMID- 7343714 TI - Renal function and biopsy findings in patients on long-term lithium treatment. AB - Nine patients on long-term lithium treatment (3 to 13 years) had abnormal renal function with a decreased GFR and/or a decreased maximal urinary concentration capacity. Four patients had received lithium as the only drug, whereas five patients had had concomitant treatment with neuroleptics. No patient had a history of nephrourological diseases. Abnormal renal morphology was present in the biopsy samples from all patients. Cortical fibrosis was found in a variable degree. Dilated tubules and microcysts in which the epithelial lining was clearly abnormal were found in majority of samples. Electron micrographically, two types of abnormal epithelial cells were observed, one with small elongated mitochondria with dense matrix and the other with large spherical and less dense mitochondria. In distal tubules, mitochondrial swelling, accumulation of cytosegrosomes, and nuclear pyknosis dominated the picture. These findings indicate a tubulointerstitial nephropathy and support the hypothesis that long-term lithium treatment may cause renal damage in susceptible patients. PMID- 7343715 TI - Familial Mediterranean fever and amyloidosis. PMID- 7343716 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of eye-preserving procedures in malignant melanoma of the uvea (author's transl)]. AB - From 1964 to 1980, 255 patients suffering from choroidal melanoma underwent a primary eye-preserving procedure. Of these, 205 were irradiated with 106Ru/106Rh beta-ray applicators (dose: 80-100 Gy at the summit of the tumor within 14 days). In 132 cases (64.4%) this treatment was successfully within a follow-up period of 5.4 years: 60 patients (45.5%) developed a flat scar, 34 (25.8%) retained a visual acuity of 1.5 to 0.5. Thirty-six eyes had to be enucleated after radiotherapy. Thirty-seven patients died, 21 of them from metastases. The survival rate, 85.1% after five years and 71.9% after ten years, is significantly higher than that of patients whose eyes were enucleated as a primary procedure. Fifty patients suffering from melanoma of the anterior uveal tract were treated with the following surgical procedures: iridocyclectomy in 42 cases, iridectomy in three cases and choroidectomy also in three cases. Twenty patients retained a visual acuity of 1.5 to 0.8 during the average follow-up period of 7.5 years. In 11 patients the eye had to be enucleated later. Four patients died from metastases. The survival rate of this group with local tumor excision was 96% during the follow-up period. PMID- 7343717 TI - [Differential diagnosis of some iris tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The development of changes in the iris, with unexpected histologic diagnoses, is described. One patient was found to be suffering from bilateral iris nodules, the unexpected manifestation of a Boeck's sarcoid which had not been diagnosed. In another case, the growth observed in the size of the tumor seemed to indicate malignancy, although histology showed it to be a benign leiomyoma with increasingly cystic changes. In the third case we suspected a metastasis of a bronchial carcinoma but histologic examination showed it to be a malignant melanoma. The various differential diagnostic considerations are discussed. PMID- 7343718 TI - [A case of Keratokonus posticus acutus (author's transl)]. AB - Description of a patient with keratoconus posticus acutus. The typical changes including thinning, were seen clinically on the posterior central surface of the left cornea with conical protrusion of the internal curvature. The right eye showed the classic signs of the acute phase. PMID- 7343719 TI - [The endothelial cells in acute keratoconus (author's transl)]. AB - In the light of electron microscopic examinations the author emphasizes the role of the endothelial cells in the development of acute keratoconus. The increased activity of the endothelial cells results in disintegration of Descemet's membrane and in the formation of "Descemet ruptures". PMID- 7343720 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with retinal disease (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a catamnestic study which attempted to follow up patients who had undergone successful surgery for retinal detachment. A striking finding was that, even today, the vast majority of doctors discourage strenuous physical activity and sport. One of the reasons for this seems to be the discussion concerning the role of indirect trauma, which has been continuing for years now. It is dealt with in detail. PMID- 7343721 TI - [A live intraocular parasite (author's transl)]. AB - Using the first film documentation of such a case, the differential diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in a case of live intravitreal Filaria are discussed. The visual acuity of the affected eye was unimpaired. The parasite was destroyed by systemic anthelmintic therapy. The only functional damage to the eye was that the visual field was concentrically reduced to approximately 40 degrees. PMID- 7343722 TI - [Follow-up of retrobulbar neuritis with the octopus computer perimeter (author's transl)]. AB - Methodological possibilities of quantifying the visual field course in retrobulbar neuritis were studied. In nine patients suffering from this condition the visual field had been examined repeatedly using the Octopus computer perimeter (program 31, stimulus size 3). Total loss of sensitivity and the number of test points with pathologic results had been chosen to correlate to recovery of visual function. These parameters, as well as visual acuity, were compared with the cumulative steroid dose. It is concluded that rapid recovery of visual function with initial steroid therapy may have a starter effect for spontaneous further improvement of sensitivity in the central visual field. However, a prospective, controlled clinical trial would be required to provide definite proof of the usefulness of steroid therapy in retrobulbar neuritis. PMID- 7343723 TI - [Experience with combined therapy in the treatment of glaucoma: guanethidine/epinephrine compared with timolol/epinephrine (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized, double-blind study involving 50 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma the effect on intraocular pressure and the side effects of various concentrations of a guanethidine/epinephrine combination were compared with those of timolol maleate/epinephrine. PMID- 7343724 TI - [Results of treatment with timolol in problematic cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the effect of timolol in cases of secondary glaucoma and buphthalmus in 143 eyes. Constant regulation of intraocular pressure was achieved by treatment with timolol in 67 eyes. A remarkable effect was observed in cases of complicated buphthalmus. The results were least favorable in cases of hemorrhagic secondary glaucoma. PMID- 7343725 TI - [Clinical experience with cryotherapy of lid tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven patients with lid tumors underwent cryotherapy. Of these, six suffered recurrence of the tumor following surgery or radiotherapy, respectively. The patients' average age was 66.1 years. The temperatures required for cryotherapy were obtained with fluid nitrogen. Two possible modes of treatment may be distinguished. In contact freezing (used in eight cases) the cryoapplicator is in direct contact with the surface of the tumor. In the second method, spray freezing (used in three cases), fluid nitrogen is sprayed at a certain pressure directly on to the surface of the tumor. In all cases treatment was performed on outpatient basis. The indications for treatment, the technique applied and the results obtained hitherto are presented. PMID- 7343726 TI - [Isolated localized conjunctival amyloidosis (author's transl)]. AB - A 50-year-old woman presented with a tumorlike growth of the tarsal conjunctiva of the left upper lid. The historical examination revealed an amyloid tumor. It was possible to remove most of the tumor surgically. The resection was followed by almost complete regression of the remnants. PMID- 7343727 TI - [Lipogranulomatous inflammation of the caruncle (author's transl)]. AB - A 40-year-old man developed a pea-sized nodular tumor of the caruncle with reddening of the inner canthus of one eye. Histological examination revealed a lipogranulomatous inflammation, similar to that commonly seen on the lid margin. PMID- 7343728 TI - [Nervus of ota (author's transl)]. AB - A 27-year-old woman presented with a distinct gray-blue coloration of the left eye and the periorbital region. The right periorbital region also displayed minimal pigmentation. It was established that eye drops containing mercury had been administered for some years. Initially hydargyrosis was considered as an etiologic factor. Finally we arrived at the diagnosis of nevus of Ota on conjunction with a blue nevus on the forehead. The simultaneous occurrence of a nevus of Ota and the blue nevus suggest a common basic developmental disturbance. The nevus of Ota represents a benign dermal hyperpigmentation syndrome and has to be differentiated from melanosis bulbi. PMID- 7343729 TI - [Electron-microscopic examinations in cases of keratitis dendritica (author's transl)]. AB - Scanning electron-microscopic and transmission electron-microscopic examination of cornea affected with herpes simplex (DNS) and which developed the clinical picture of keratitis dendritica, showed typical test results, which are described in detail. The ultramicroscopic findings show that the metabolism of the epithelial cells is of considerable degree. It was proved that there were virus particles in the protoplasm of the epithelial cells. A comparison with a case of zoster keratitis showed the same morphological changes. PMID- 7343730 TI - [Topography of the posterior chamber lens (author's transl)]. AB - The position of the implanted posterior chamber lens (Shearing type) in human cadaver eyes was photographed from the rear. We were especially interested in the position of the loops. PMID- 7343732 TI - [Combined trabecelectomy: intracapsular cataract surgery with lens implantation (author's transl)]. AB - Report about a new surgical technique that permits an intraocular lens to be implanted in filtering procedures. The technique, with and without iridotomy, and the lens implantation technique are described; the new Kelman II lens is used, and thanks to this rate of complications is minimal. The results of more than 50 lens implantations performed by this method are discussed. PMID- 7343731 TI - [Secondary implantation of a posterior chamber lens to correct aphakia (author's transl)]. AB - Among the possible methods of correcting aphakia the secondary implantation of a posterior chamber lens is considered to be a satisfactory procedure. Indications for such operations are discussed and typical cases are presented. The results in a series of 30 secondary implantations are analyzed. PMID- 7343733 TI - [Prescription of cylindrical lenses after cataract operations (author's transl)]. AB - As a rule, prescriptions for corrective lenses only reflect two-thirds of the corneal astigmatism measured with the keratometer. The significance of various optical factors was investigated as a possible explanation. PMID- 7343734 TI - [Eye diseases and ophthalmological care in a developing country (author's transl)]. AB - Five million blind people in India suffer from cataract, which is a curable condition. Untreated cataract accounts for more than half of the cases of blindness in that country. Twenty percent of all cases of blindness are caused by infections, while malnutrition accounts for 27% in children. In India, ophthalmological care has been provided for many years now in eye-camps. In cataract surgery, the expression method is customary. Trachomas at all stages, infectious eye diseases, traumatic lesions, vitamin A deficiency and leprosy are also diagnosed and treated in large numbers of cases. By way of an example the authors, assistants at the First Eye Clinic of Vienna University, describe an eye camp in Andhra Pradesh where they worked. Work of this kind can be recommended to others. PMID- 7343735 TI - [Corneal edema in young glaucoma patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 26 out of 32 eyes of young glaucoma patients the cornea was clear even where IOP was elevated. In six eyes the cornea was opaque, even where the pressure increase was only moderate. The difference in the aqueous production in the two groups (2.40 +/- 0.86 and 0.62 +/- 0.07 mm3/min) was significant (p 0.001). The corneal edema in the glaucomatous eyes was due to the effect of the high IOP disturbing endothelial function and the disturbance of corneal nutrition, which in turn was caused by the reduction in aqueous production. PMID- 7343736 TI - [Corneal sensitivity in chronic open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Corneal sensitivity was measured in 91 eyes suffering from chronic open-angle glaucoma using the electronic-optical hand esthesiometer after Draeger. It was found that the threshold value in eyes with glaucomatous cupping or atrophy of the optic nerve was significantly increased, in contrast to eyes with normal optic disks, but that there was no direct relationship between IOP at the time of measurement and the duration of the open-angle glaucoma. The reduced sensitivity was due to damage of the long ciliary nerves between the choroid and sclera. The authors' findings thus support the view that glaucomatous atrophy of the optic nerve is caused by primary pressure atrophy of the retina. PMID- 7343737 TI - [Excision of the ciliary body (Sautter procedure) as a last resort in secondary glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - Within the past five years we have performed excision of one quadrant of the ciliary body (pars plicata) (e.c.b.) in 22 eyes with secondary narrow-angle glaucoma. Prior to e.c.b. numerous surgical procedures for glaucoma had been attempted. Sixteen of the eyes were aphakic, six phakic. In nine eyes secondary angle closure was due to rubeosis iridis. The observation period following e.c.b. averaged 27.4 months. The preoperative tensions ranged between 40 and 50 mmHg. In 12 out of 22 eyes e.c.b. alone was sufficient to lower the intraocular pressure permanently; in seven cases local therapy (Timolol, Eppystabil) and/or oral Diamox respectively had to be added. Two eyes became atrophic and blind between one and 1.5 years following e.c.b. PMID- 7343738 TI - [What happens when mmHg are replaced by kPa? (author's transl)]. AB - Resolution no. 30.39 of the WHA, passed in May 1977, recommends the adoption of SI units by the medical community throughout the world, including a change from mmHg to kPa. In Austria this requirement has been law since January 1978. This paper describes how simply the transition can be made and how other results, such as those of tonography and differential tonometry, are numerically altered as a result. Finally a simple modification is described which enables the Goldmann tonometer to indicate intraocular pressure, its kPa being equal to g on the scale. PMID- 7343739 TI - [General anesthesia in surgery for retinal detachment (author's transl)]. AB - A report on operations for retinal detachment performed under general anesthetic during the last five years. These were restricted to selected patients. If requirements regarding operating rooms and personnel can be satisfied, general anesthesia should be the general rule in retina surgery, neuroleptanalgesia being the ideal type of anesthesia. PMID- 7343740 TI - [Is there drug alternative in the treatment of massive periretinal proliferation? (author's transl)]. AB - Only a small percentage of eyes with massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) can be successfully treated by vitrectomy. This is due to the reproliferation of cells which combine to form membranes, thus causing redetachment of the retina. These filaments and membranes are formed from "fibroblast-like" cells originating from the glia cells and pigmented epithelial cells. The author attempted to produce retinal detachment by traction in 20 rabbit eyes by means of intravitreally injected homologous fibroblasts (250,000 in 0.1 ml); this was successful in 11 cases (55%). In another series with 16 rabbit eyes, 1 ml dexamethasone alcohol was administered intravitreally in addition to the fibroblast transplantation in order to inhibit fibroblast activity. This resulted in retinal detachment by traction in one case only (6%). Hence the number of detachments by traction was significantly lower with eyes with additional intravitreal administration of dexamethasone. PMID- 7343741 TI - [Experiences with electronystagmography in neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Graphic registration of pathologic and physiological oscillations of the eyes offers some differential-diagnostic advantages as against clinical-subjective observation of nystagmus. Electronystagmography enables rhythmic eye movements to be accurately recorded, while at the same time permitting reliable comparison with earlier findings and assessment of nystagmus in darkness and with closed lids. PMID- 7343742 TI - [Muscle dynamics in compensatory eye movements (author's transl)]. AB - The theory of compensatory rolling of the eyes when the head is inclined is based on the belief that only the bulb rolls. The authors, on the other hand, advance the hypothesis that level components are also inevitably involved. Therefore, they consider it more correct to speak of compensatory eye movements, especially as such phenomena are also phylogenetically present. On the basis of Volkmann's data (1869), the directions of rotation of the involved muscles are demonstrated and physiologically explained. In this connection if becomes evident that the level divergences observed in pareses of the obliquus superior muscle are already physiologically preprogrammed. PMID- 7343743 TI - [Bifocal glasses for non-presbyopic patients (author's transl)]. AB - A disturbance of the physiological relation between accommodation and convergence which is defined by the AC/C ratio results in a manifest convergent squint. After a short reference to the typical accommodative esotropia, the atypical accommodative esotropia ("convergence excess") and its treatment with bifocal lenses are discussed in greater detail. Bifocal glasses are also used in the following disturbances of binocular vision: in partially accommodative convergent squint with a larger deviation in near fixation, in primary and postoperative microtropia with a larger deviation in near fixation, in esophoria with signs of decompensation in near fixation, with an intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess type. In the last-mentioned case they are use exclusively in preoperative diagnostics. The use of bifocals is simple and does not take much time; contrary to cyclospastic drugs, it has no undesirable side effects. Experience has shown that even after wearing bifocals for years there is no danger of a permanent accommodation insufficiency. PMID- 7343744 TI - [Prescription of weak corrective lenses (author's transl)]. AB - Ophthalmological examinations of patients with asthenopic complaints should include measurement of fusion in addition to retinoscopy under cycloplegia and testing for heterophoria. If fusion is poor in the absence of heterophoria it is advisable to correct even small refractive errors up to 0.5 D; 63% of such patients are cured of complaints as a result and there is an improvement in almost all the others. On the other hand, only 22% of heterophoric patients are cured of their asthenopia by "weak" glasses, although 64% show an improvement. PMID- 7343746 TI - [Microscopically controlled excision of eyelid tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The completeness of excision is of decisive significance for surgical success in eyelid tumor treatment. Microscopically controlled excision is an approach that guarantees complete removal of the tumor while conserving as much healthy tissue as possible. In this way reconstruction can be simplified in many cases. The authors report on three cases. PMID- 7343745 TI - [Diplopia after squint operations in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Although double vision is known to occur in adults following squint operations it should not be a contra-indication for surgery. The condition is more likely to occur in exotropia than in esophoria; suppression does not help to prevent it. Prismatic screens are suitable both for establishing indications as well as for preparation for surgery and postoperative treatment. PMID- 7343747 TI - [Factors provoking the development of rubeosis iridis after vitrectomy in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study on 184 eyes of 167 diabetics which had been submitted to a vitrectomy because of various affections of the vitreous body and retina shows, that aphakic eyes, cases suffering from repeated bleeding into the vitreous cavity, and eyes with advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy are mostly preposed to the development of rubeosis iridis. Coincidence of two of these factors was found in more than two thirds of the eyes with post-operative rubeosis iridis. The stage of the diabetic retinopathy was preoperatively determined by means of ultrasonography. PMID- 7343748 TI - [Late results of pars plana vitrectomy in diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 82 consecutive cases in which pars plana vitrectomy was performed because of intravitreal hemorrhage. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 4 1/2 years. Although an incipient improvement of the visual acuity was achieved in 54%, recurrent hemorrhages as well as progression of the proliferative diabetic retinopathy lead to visual deterioration of blindness in 64% of the eyes. PMID- 7343749 TI - [Experimental ultrasonic echography of the vitreous in rabbit eyes (author's transl)]. AB - Three groups of five rabbits each received intravitreal injections of 0.2 ml silicone oil, 0.2 ml physiological saline solution and 0.7 ml air, respectively. Needling of the vitreous body was carried out in three control animals. Changes in the vitreous were monitored by echography. According to our observations the vitreous tolerates all of these substances very well. However, syneresis and sometimes vitreous detachment are likely to occur. PMID- 7343750 TI - [Qualitative rapid screening of glaucoma outpatients with the octopus computer perimeter (author's transl)]. AB - The results of examinations of 60 outpatients with suspected glaucoma show that the qualitative program with fast screening of the 30-degree field enables a prompt decision to be made as to whether the visual fields of such patients are normal or pathologic. PMID- 7343751 TI - [Partial canaliculus transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - In some cases of palpebral tumors, causing epiphora by canalicular obstruction, surgical reconstruction of the lacrimal system is necessary . The defect of the nasal part of the lower lid is closed by transplantation of the nasal part of the upper lid of the other eye, including a part of the canaliculus. Three patients suffering from basaliomas in the region of the lower canaliculus were treated by this method. Good cosmetic and functional results were achieved. PMID- 7343752 TI - [Diallinas-amalric syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Diallinas-Amalric syndrome is characterized by a combination of central pseudoretinopathia pigmentosa and pancochlear hearing loss. The dystrophy of the macula may occur in patients in whom hearing was unpaired in the prenatal, perinatal and/or postnatal periods. This fact indicates that Diallinas-Amalric syndrome must be seen as a nonspecific manifestation of a bisensorial impairment of very varied etiology. PMID- 7343753 TI - [Rehabilitation after serious perforating eye injuries (author's transl)]. AB - In a recent study of perforating eye injuries the authors found that in 21% there was no binocular function. To prevent complications arising from this, early fitting of hard contact lenses seems necessary. The problems of fitting contact lenses to posttraumatically aphakic eyes are discussed, with special regard to aniseikonia. PMID- 7343754 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hysteric amblyopia using psychophysical and electro-ophthalmological examination methods (author's transl)]. AB - In three patients with psychogenic amblyopia the computerized visual field, the ERG, the flash light (H-EP) and pattern reversal stimulated (M-EP) cortical potentials were recorded. Differential diagnosis between psychogenic amblyopia on the one hand, and functional amblyopia and organic lesions of the retrobulbar visual pathways on the other was shown to be possible. In the cases with organic retrobulbar lesions of visual pathways, visual field defects and pathologic H EP's and M-EP's were found. In functional amblyopia only the M-EP responses are diminished in amplitude. In psychogenic amblyopia only the computerized visual field shows pathologic changes. PMID- 7343755 TI - Colitis cystica profunda--report of a surgical case. PMID- 7343758 TI - Circadian variations in response to cold. PMID- 7343756 TI - Experimental central serous chorioretinopathy. II: Further clinical findings. PMID- 7343757 TI - Effect of haloperidol administration on serum MHPG-SO4 levels in chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 7343759 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine on activity-stress ulcers in rats. PMID- 7343760 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to Schistosoma japonicum in the Chikugo River Basin. PMID- 7343761 TI - Enhancement of stress-induced increase in hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover by pretreatment with naloxone in rats. PMID- 7343762 TI - Impedance cardiographic analysis on systemic performances of right atrium under anesthesia. PMID- 7343763 TI - Two autopsy cases of subacute spongiform encephalopathy of late onset. PMID- 7343764 TI - Barbiturate sleeptime in mice exposed to autoclaved or unautoclaved wood beddings. AB - Effect of unautoclaved or autoclaved contact bedding materials (mixed hardwood, white spruce, white pine, and red cedar shavings) on pentobarbital sleeptime and liver:body weight ratios was assayed in young DBA/2J and C57BL/6J male mice. Analysis of variance indicated that autoclaving the bedding did not alter either parameter in either strain. Within strains, data were pooled and analyzed for bedding effects. Sleeptimes of DBA/2J male mice on mixed hardwood or white spruce bedding were not significantly different, but were significantly longer than sleeptimes of mice on white pine or red cedar bedding. Sleeptimes of DBA/2J mice on white pine were significantly longer than mice on red cedar. Sleeptimes on C57BL/6J male mice on each bedding were significantly different with the following rank order:mixed hardwood greater than white spruce greater than white pine greater than red cedar. In both strains, liver:body weight ratios of mice on red cedar bedding were significantly increased compared to mice on white pine, white spruce, or mixed hardwood beddings. The results of this study indicated that autoclaving these beddings did not alter pentobarbital sleeptimes or liver/:body weight ratios and that softwood beddings differ in their abilities to alter pentobarbital sleeptimes. PMID- 7343765 TI - Steady state drug or fluid delivery to injured or transected spinal cord of rats. AB - Fluids or drugs were delivered to injured or transected spinal cords of rats at a controlled rate and concentration. The technique used a catheter system molded to the shape of the spinal cord and attached to an osmotic minipump reservoir that was subcutaneously by the rats. PMID- 7343766 TI - An experimental model to study bile and exocrine pancreatic secretion from mice. AB - An in vivo experimental model to obtain exocrine pancreatic secretion and bile from mice has been developed. It consists of a microsurgical procedure in anesthetized mice. The bile-pancreatic common duct and the duodenum were individualized, isolated, and cannulated using a stereoscopic microscope to obtain pure pancreatic juice, pure bile, bile-pancreatic juice, and duodenal contents. Intravenous injection of secretin as a pancreatic secretion stimulant was used with this experimental model. Fluid color an enzymatic activity were used as indicators of the fluid purity. In order to evaluate the overall procedure, mortality under surgery and volumes of samples obtained (expressed as microliters/30 minutes) before and after administration of secretin was measured. Results from a total of 524 mice of the BALB/c and DBA/2J-cri inbred strains were evaluated. PMID- 7343767 TI - Measurement of fibrinolytic activity after epsilon-aminocaproic acid administration in rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - The antifibrinolytic agent, epsilon-aminocaproic acid was administered to rats via either intraperitoneal injection or intravenous infusion. Time-response and dose-response studies of the resultant plasma levels of fibrinolytic activity were measured by a modification of a standard fibrin plate technique. The modified technique involved the addition of human plasma to rat plasma in a ratio of 10:1 (rat:human). The plasma levels of fibrinolytic activity reflected plasma concentrations of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. PMID- 7343768 TI - Efficacy of hemadsorption for rapid identification of Mycoplasma pulmonis. PMID- 7343769 TI - A method of endotracheal intubation of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). PMID- 7343770 TI - An inhalation exposure chamber designed for animal handling. AB - A whole-body inhalation exposure chamber was designed and constructed that provided for uniform distribution of aerosols within the chamber and facilitated animal care. Animals were permanently housed in the chamber while on experiment. The entire chamber (including cage units) was sanitized in our cagewashing unit. Animals and their feed were easily observed since cages were mounted in pull-out drawers. The chamber accommodated 360 mice, 196 rats (depending on size), 312 hamsters, 60 guinea pigs, or 30 rabbits (the latter for exposure only). A special feature of the design was that cages and their associated excreta pans were equally spaced from chamber walls and arranged in vertical columns which were offset. This arrangement prevented excreta from dropping on animals in lower tiers. PMID- 7343771 TI - A simple snare for restraining cats. PMID- 7343772 TI - A technique for collection and cultivation of macrophages from Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Several techniques were compared for collection of peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes from cynomolgus monkeys. A multiple-holed cannula proved superior to a hypodermic needle for the collection of peritoneal washings because it was not occluded by the omentum. With the cannula technique 55--70% of the harvest medium could be recovered from the peritoneal cavity with a yield of 2.5--5 x 10(5) macrophages per ml. A closed system for injecting and collecting harvest medium was better than a syringe in preventing bacterial contamination of peritoneal washings. After collection, cells were resuspended in growth medium to a concentration of 5 x 10(5) macrophages per ml, distributed into Leighton tubes, and incubated at 36 degrees C. After 12 hours, cultures were washed to remove non adherent cells and refed with growth medium. This technique provided a sterile, reliable method for the collection and cultivation of macrophages from monkeys. PMID- 7343773 TI - An epidemiological survey of wild caught and domestic born rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for Anatrichosoma (Nematoda: Trichinellida). AB - A group of wild caught rhesus monkeys and their domestic born infants were examined for Anatrichosoma, a nematode that inhabits the nasal mucosa and subcutaneous tissue of the face, hands, and feet. The diagnosis was made using nasal swabs. Fifty-four percent of the wild caught animals reported positive ina survey taken 3 years earlier were negative based upon results of reexamination, while one animal was found positive that had been reported negative. None of the infants examined had positive samples for Anatrichosoma. PMID- 7343774 TI - A method for quantitation of hepatic, pancreatic, and intestinal function in conscious Yucatan miniature swine. AB - A right laparotomy was performed in anesthetized miniature swine. A hepatic vein was catheterized through the diaphragmatic surface of the left lateral lobe of the liver or through the cut surface of the right lateral lobe following a partial lobectomy. Continuous wave Doppler flow cuffs were applied to the hepatic artery and portal vein. Portal vein catheterization was accomplished through a stab incision made through the center of a preplaced purse string suture. Catheters and flow cuff wires exited the abdomen at the dorsal limit of the incision and were placed in nylon packs. Sterile surgery of the right ventro lateral cervical region allowed catheterization of the right external jugular vein and carotid artery. These catheters were passed subcutaneously to the dorsum of the neck and inserted into another nylon pack. This method allowed repetitive experiments on conscious miniature swine after recovery from surgery. It allowed accurate quantitative determination of hepatic extraction of hormones as well as extraction of production of metabolites. Rates of intestinal absorption and pancreatic hormone secretion also could be assessed. PMID- 7343776 TI - Genetic counselling in orthopaedic disease. PMID- 7343775 TI - Acid-base & electrolytes, practical applications. PMID- 7343777 TI - Metabolic changes in simple febrile convulsions. PMID- 7343778 TI - Measles - a neglected infection. PMID- 7343779 TI - Left ventricular function in acute glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7343780 TI - Echocardiographic abnormalities in thalassaemia major with multiple transfusions. PMID- 7343781 TI - Congenital complete heart block with fatal Stokes-Adams attacks associated with maternal systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7343782 TI - Who looks after the child. PMID- 7343783 TI - Prevalence of transient disaccharidase deficiency in Singapore children with acute gastroenteritis. PMID- 7343784 TI - AMA 1981 annual meeting report. Drug abuse related to prescribing practices. PMID- 7343785 TI - EKG of the month: heart block. PMID- 7343786 TI - Exploding implants. PMID- 7343787 TI - An experimental study of the relative importance of acoustic parameters for auditory speaker recognition. PMID- 7343788 TI - Use of grammatical constraints in reading by young deaf adults as reflected in eye-voice span. PMID- 7343789 TI - Perception of speech rate as a function of vocal intensity and frequency. PMID- 7343790 TI - [Electron-microscopic and cytochemical investigations of photodynamic reactions in psoriasis and psoriatic variants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343791 TI - [The effect of anaesthesia and surgical interventions on immunological reactivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343792 TI - [Hydatid disease of the ovaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343793 TI - [Olfactory neuroblastoma--a case report and literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343794 TI - [Administration of nitroprusside in the therapy of refractory cardiac failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343795 TI - [Therapy of the hypopharyngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343796 TI - [Surgical program for advanced lip cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343797 TI - [The clinical appearance and treatment of the allergic mucosa of the upper respiratory tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343799 TI - [Some problems of curing choledocholithiasis in a community hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343798 TI - [Calcium metabolism in postmenopause (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343800 TI - [Effect of ethanol on memory of exploratory behavior in mice]. PMID- 7343801 TI - [Cultural aspects of alcoholic habits in lower middle schools]. PMID- 7343802 TI - [Use of the Ranking Rorschach Test in drug addicts]. PMID- 7343803 TI - [Relation between personality structure and the effect of taking a psychodysleptic drug. I. Theoretical premises and experimental design]. PMID- 7343805 TI - [Various methodologic considerations concerning psychiatric practice in an institution and in the field]. PMID- 7343804 TI - [Relation between personality structure and the effect of taking a psychodysleptic drug. II. Analysis of the data and conclusions]. PMID- 7343807 TI - [Relational and interactional dynamics of a new psychiatric service]. PMID- 7343806 TI - [Relation between the quality and intensity of neurotic symptoms and psychiatric admission. Study using the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire]. PMID- 7343808 TI - [Transvestitism as a defense against separation anxiety]. PMID- 7343809 TI - [Psychopathology and clinical picture of symbiotic psychoses]. PMID- 7343810 TI - New trends in infant cardiothoracic surgery. PMID- 7343811 TI - Anesthetic risk. PMID- 7343812 TI - Anesthetic management of the premature baby. PMID- 7343813 TI - Hypotension and bradycardia during anesthesia for tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 7343814 TI - Pre-operative blood volume in surgical cancer patients. AB - In order to aid intra-operative management, blood volume was measured in eighteen pre-operative surgical patients who had clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of various forms of malignancy, using the 'Volemetron' and radio-iodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA). After correction for F-cell ratio, the plasma volume and red cell volume were derived. In both sexes, the mean values of total blood volume, plasma volume and red cell volume were not significantly different from those of non-cancer patients. But mean values/kg. body weight in males were significantly higher than their non-cancer counterparts. The total blood volume/kg. in each cancer-patient who had lost weight was higher than the mean value/kg. in the non-cancer patients in both sexes. From this study, there appears to be a trend for patients with malignancy to have higher blood volumes than patients without; this difference reaches significant level if weight loss has occurred. Replacement of blood loss during surgery should probably err on the generous side in such patients. PMID- 7343815 TI - Epidural block anesthesia for culdoscopy. PMID- 7343816 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of liver and biliary tract lesions. PMID- 7343817 TI - Intravenous urogram in acute renal failure. PMID- 7343818 TI - The applicability of Cary Blair medium as a sole transport medium for the recovery of enteropathogens in the Malaysian context. PMID- 7343819 TI - Effect of vasoactive agents on chronic saline loaded anaesthetised rats. PMID- 7343820 TI - Endemic goitre: a preventable and yet highly prevalent disease in Sarawak. PMID- 7343821 TI - Transmission of infection among household contacts of cholera patients in the 1978 outbreak in Perak. PMID- 7343822 TI - An enterovirus type 70 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis in peninsular Malaysia, 1980. PMID- 7343823 TI - Entomological aspects of endemic dengue fever in Sarawak 1973 - 1980. PMID- 7343824 TI - Temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome - an analysis of fifty patients. PMID- 7343825 TI - Fusarium solani keratitis. First report from Malaysia. PMID- 7343827 TI - [Complicated migraine in children (author's transl)]. AB - 444 children and adolescents (266 boys, 178 girls) were examined because of migraine at the Department of Pediatric Neurology of the University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt/Main between 1967 and 1980. 378 of these had common and/or classical migraine, 66 complicated migraine. Family history, sex and age at onset in these two groups are compared. Based on this material (4 cases of ophthalmoplegic, 49 of hemiplegic and 13 of basilar artery migraine) clinical features, EEG findings angiographic and CAT-findings of these different forms of complicated migraine are discussed and demonstrated by typical case reports. The importance of basilar artery migraine even in childhood and the mainly poor prognosis of its special type of early onset- "alternating hemiplegia" - are stressed. PMID- 7343828 TI - [Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343826 TI - [Migraine in children. Clinics, differential diagnosis, and therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343829 TI - [Neonatal ventriculitis. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Meningitis of the newborn is often accompanied by ventriculitis. This may be one of the reasons for the still unfavourable prognosis of neonatal meningitis. In a few cases we achieved sterile ventricular fluid with additional intraventricular application of antibiotics. An examination of ventricular fluids should be performed when there is the slightest suspicion of ventriculitis. Early institution of additional antibiotic therapy intraventricularly as well as some of the newer antibiotics (p.e. Cefotaxime) seem to produce better results. We observed the following complications of meningoventriculitis: hydrocephalus, porencephaly, and multicystic encephalopathy. PMID- 7343830 TI - [Technique for intraventricular application of antibiotics in bacterial meningitis of the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - A new technique for intraventricular application of antibiotics by means of an indwelling catheter is described for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in the newborn. In cases of neonatal gram-negative meningitis with proven ventriculitis resistant to systemic therapy alone, a ventricular tap is performed. Through the needle an indwelling catheter is inserted into the right lateral ventricle. After removal of the needle the remaining catheter is used for obtaining ventricular fluid for diagnostic purposes as well as for direct intraventricular injection of antibiotics. This catheter can easily be inserted while the child is in the incubator in a neonatal intensive care unit, avoiding neurosurgery. Our present treatment procedure for neonatal meningitis is described. PMID- 7343831 TI - [Lung-scintigraphy in the control of children with malignancies treated by radiochemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Cytostatics- and radiation-induced alterations of the parenchyma of the lung were investigated in 30 children with malignomas before, during and after therapy by means of lung perfusion scintigraphy. Before the tumour-therapy (2 children) lung scintigrams were regular. 16 children (Hodgkin- and non Hodgkin-lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia with mediastinal tumour, intrathoracal neuroblastoma and Ewing-sarcoma) received epidiaphragmatical radiation and cytostatics. All 35 lung scintigrams of these patients (1-60 months after beginning of therapy) were abnormal. Within 6 months after radiation obstructions to perfusion could be demonstrated in ray-treated parenchyma of the lung only. Subsequent to 6 months after radiation, during cytostatics, disturbances of perfusion were diffusely spreading in the lung parenchyma. 12 children (acute lymphocytic leukemia, Histiocytosis X and osteogenic sarcoma) received cytostatics only. All 18 lung scintigrams of these patients (1-55 months after beginning of therapy) were pathological. After cessation of therapy (radiochemotherapy or chemotherapy only) scintigraphically improvement of perfusion occurred in the majority of patients. Obviously the diffusely spreading obstructions to perfusion represent alterations during the early phase of their development induced by chemotherapy. PMID- 7343832 TI - [The transiently increased urea-N of the serum in babies suffering from acute enteritis--an indication for radiological examinations of the kidney? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343834 TI - Changes planned for clearinghouse program. PMID- 7343835 TI - Ectopic pregnancy--a 5 year review of 201 cases. PMID- 7343836 TI - A camp for children with asthma. PMID- 7343833 TI - [Mediastinal emphysema extending to the chest, neck and head as complication of a foreign body in the bronchi (author's transl)]. AB - A rare complication of a foreign body in the bronchi system described. It caused emphysema of the Mediastinum entering the chest, neck, and head. The foreign body was stuck in the right main bronchus, and worked as a valve permitting air to enter but not to leave again. Increasing air pressure in the pulmonary alveoli caused their rupture, and escaping of air along the large pulmonary vessels to the mediastinum. From there the emphysema extended to the chest, neck and head through the subcutaneous tissue. All signs of air in the mediastinum and subcutaneous tissues were gone a few days after bronchoscopy and removal of the foreign body. PMID- 7343837 TI - Chronic ethmoid sinusitis due to foreign body. PMID- 7343838 TI - A botanist on sudden death in the young. PMID- 7343839 TI - Identifying potentially etiologic stress. PMID- 7343840 TI - Recent trends in cesarean sections in Nebraska, 1965 to 1978. PMID- 7343841 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in brain and liver tissue following experimental vascular suturing of the right carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments with Wistar rats have been performed in order to analyse brain and liver metabolism after suturing of the rats right carotid artery. It should be figured out how much an interruption of the bilateral blood supply of the brain during end-to-end-anastomosis of a carotid artery would interfere with normal brain and liver metabolism. General anaesthesia of all animals was obtained with pentobarbital. The vascular anastomoses have been performed by using the microsurgical technique. Groups of animals were formed in order to analyse metabolism after various periods of postoperative survival. Brain and liver tissue was removed and the metabolism stopped immediately by freezing the tissue in liquid nitrogen. Biochemical analysis showed several highly significant changes of levels of values indicating hypoxia. Additional experiments have been carried out in order to find out whether hypoxia could be detected in other organs of the body such as the liver after performing the same microsurgical procedure on a carotid artery and how pronounced these changes would be compared to those of brain metabolism. Results of experiments performed up to now indicate that hypoxia also develops in liver tissue. PMID- 7343842 TI - Clinical and neuroradiological long-term follow-up study of cases with carotid cavernous sinus fistulae treated by different surgical techniques. PMID- 7343843 TI - [Computerized tomographic findings in brain contusions (author's transl)]. AB - Over a 1 1/2 year period computerized tomographical examinations were performed on 104 patients suffering from brain concussions. The evaluation of findings resulted in the following classification: Type 1: severe generalized brain oedema without visible contusional foci, Type IIa: typical contusion with solitary or multiple contusional foci, Type IIb: typical contusion with severe, locally pronounced oedema, Type IIIa: contusion with flat subdural contusional bleeding, Type IIIb: contusion with minor intracerebral contusional bleeding, Type IIIc: contusion with intraventricular bleeding. Space-occupying haemorrhages were excluded. The comparison of computerized tomographic findings with the clinical course justifies such a classification. There are significant correlation between CT findings and the clinical picture, especially with the degree of clouding of consciousness as well as with further prognosis. PMID- 7343844 TI - Incidence and neurological significance of postoperative cerebral vasospasm. A study of 80 consecutive cases with clipped saccular aneurysms. PMID- 7343845 TI - [Traumatic subdural hygromas (author's transl)]. AB - Out of a group of 97 patients with intracranial haematomas, 12 were found to have a traumatic subdural hygroma. In four patients a small fluid effusion was demonstrated by CT scan just after the head injury. In the majority of cases the CT scan demonstrated a significant increase of volume and pressure of the subdural effusion during the second to third week. Half the patients simultaneously developed a moderate ventricular dilatation. The development of a subdural effusion was hard to recognize from the clinical course. Nevertheless the patients mostly had a good post-operative recovery. The hygromas disappeared by subdural peritoneal shunting. In two patients a ventriculoatrial shunt was necessary on account of the hydrocephalus. Based upon clinical and CT scan characteristics a multifactorial hypothetical model of the development of the traumatic subdural effusion is proposed. PMID- 7343846 TI - [Medulloblastoma occurring in an elderly patient (case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343847 TI - [Two cases of intraventricular meningiomas in children (author's transl)]. AB - For several months a 14-year-old girl had suffered from increased intracranial pressure which in spite of extensive calcification in the fourth ventricle had not been recognized. During the operation a plum-sized tumour was found free moving in the fourth ventricle. Being hard as bone it had to be extracted in toto. The histological examination showed a highly calcified endotheliomatous meningioma. Recovery without complications. For seven years a 12-year-old boy had a tumour in the third ventricle which has not been operated on. Partial removal of the endotheliomatous meningioma without complications. Meningiomas in childhood are rare and are usually intraventricular. They originate in the arachnoidal cells of the choroid plexus. PMID- 7343848 TI - Intracranial tuberculous abscess mimicking pyogenic brain abscess. PMID- 7343849 TI - [Lateral suboccipital puncture of the cisterna magna (author's transl)]. AB - Lateral puncture of the cisterna magna cerebellomedullaris offers a more efficient conception of the lateral approach for the use of positive and negative contract medium in myelography and cisternography. The extracranial part of the cisterna magna cerebellomedullaris gives enough space to ensure the definite fixation of the needle without any major risk after puncture through the atlanto occipital membrane. Positioning of the needles tip is possible without x-Ray control. Injury of the spinal cord is most unlikely to occur. PMID- 7343850 TI - [Basilar impression and malformation of Arnold-Chiari. Postoperative complications in 126 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Within a period of ten years we operated on 126 cases of basilar impression and/or Arnold-Chiari malformation. Two surgical techniques were employed for decompression of the posterior fossa. In the group I (64 cases) the operation consisted of craniectomy and the dura mater was left open and was fixed to the lateral musculature. The technique of the group II (62 cases) consisted in endotracheal intubation without flexion of the head, position of the head without anterior flexion during the operation and plastic closure of the dura. The dural graft was employed to create more space at the craniocervical joint, to avoid cerebrospinal fluid fistula and to restore the integrity of the dura as a protection for the nervous structures of the posterior fossa. The frequency of postoperative complications and mortality observed in group II was definitely less than in the group I. PMID- 7343851 TI - [Contribution to the surgical treatment of haematoma and hygroma in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Among thirty cases of chronic subdural hematoma and hygroma in patients between 16 and 78 years of age, nine were found on the left side, ten on the right side and eleven were bilateral. The diagnosis was made in all cases by computer assisted tomography. Surgical treatment consisted in evacuating the subdural collection of fluid through two or three enlarged burr-holes, resection of the membranes were accessible through the burr-hole, irrigation of the subdural space and its subsequent drainage. The drain was left in postoperatively until the draining fluid became clear or the subdural space was dry. In one case there was a superficial intracerebral hematoma which obsorbed spontaneously. One patient with a subdural empyema required craniotomy. Only four out of ten patients who were comatose pre-operatively survived. Out of the 30 patients, 24 had a satisfactory postoperative outcome. PMID- 7343852 TI - Intracerebral haemorrhage: an attempt at statistical assessment for operability. AB - A series of 88 patients, who underwent operation for intracranial haemorrhage, is reported. The outcomes are assessed in order to evaluate the operability in relation to the patient's age, the type of onset, the site of haemorrhage, the conscious level, the interval between accident and operation, cardiovascular disease and the dysmetabolic values. A numerical value has been assigned to each factor considered; than the correspondence between these values and the importance of each factor in relation to the clinical state has been analysed. The authors finally point out that their study, although it has a merely indicative significance, agrees sufficiently with the clinical results, as to give a useful pattern for a statistical approach to the question of intracerebral haemorrhage, offering in the meantime hopeful aids to diagnosis. PMID- 7343853 TI - Chronic sciatica and nerve root section after laminectomy for lumbar disc lesions. PMID- 7343854 TI - [Facio-cerebral lymphangioma in the Ullrich-Turner syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343855 TI - Severe tricuspid incompetence due to endocarditis complicating a ventriculo- venous shunt. PMID- 7343856 TI - Cranioplasty with pre-moulded and pre-sterilized methyl methacrylate plates. PMID- 7343857 TI - The rat retina is a useful in vivo model to study membrane lipid synthesis: rates of biosynthesis of neutral glycerides and phospholipids. AB - The phospholipid composition was studied in the whole rat retina, as well as in its subcellular fractions. A relative enrichment of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine was observed in rod outer segments (ROS) in comparison with entire retina: nuclear-photoreceptor inner segments-synaptic bodies (P1) and synaptosomal-mitochondrial (P2) fractions. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant phospholipid class found in all subcellular fractions analyzed. The microsomal fraction was relatively enriched in phosphatidic acid and in phosphatidylinositol. In addition, the rat eye has been used as an in vivo system to study membrane lipid synthesis. After intravitreal injections of [2-3H]glycerol a rapid labeling of retinal glycerolipids took place. Up to 120 min after injection only the glycerol backbone of lipids was labeled. Phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol displayed rapid rates of synthesis and breakdown. Fastest rates of labeling were attained by phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylinositol. Differences were found when in vitro labeling by [2-3H]glycerol was compared with intravitreal injections. Labeling of phospholipids of subcellular fractions by intravitreally injected [2-3H]glycol showed that most of the label accumulated in microsomal phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. Diacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamine also took up 10 and 20% respectively of the precursor. It is concluded that the rat eye is a useful experimental model to study synthesis and metabolism of membrane lipids in the retina. PMID- 7343858 TI - Hypotaurine transport in brain slices: comparison with taurine and GABA. AB - Hypotaurine uptake was compared to taurine and GABA uptakes in brain slices under identical experimental conditions. The slices effectively concentrated both hypotaurine and GABA from the medium, whereas taurine was taken up more slowly. The uptakes of these three structurally related amino acids were all saturable, consisting of one low- and one high-affinity transport component. The kinetic parameters of hypotaurine uptake were of the same order of magnitude as those of GABA uptake. All uptake systems were sensitive to temperature, metabolic poisons, and sodium omission. Hypotaurine uptake was inhibited by GABA, L-2,4 diaminobutyric acid (L-DABA), cysteic acid, and beta-alanine, but not by taurine. Taurine uptake was strongly reduced by hypotaurine, beta-alanine, and L-DABA, as well as by GABA, whereas GABA uptake was affected only by cystamine, L-DABA, and nipecotic acid. The uptake processes of hypotaurine, taurine, and GABA were thus fairly similar and showed properties characteristic for neurotransmitter uptake. Hypotaurine uptake resembled more GABA than taurine uptake. The present inhibition studies suggest that there may exist only one common two-component transport system for these three amino acids. PMID- 7343859 TI - Sedimentation and release properties of P2 fractions derived from rat cerebral cortex slices incubated with radiolabeled GABA for a short or long time period. AB - On homogenization of rat cerebral cortex slices previously incubated with [3H] GABA or [14C]GABA for 5 or 30 min, respectively, particles were recovered in P2 fractions which exhibited similar buoyant density, but different sedimentation velocity on linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The K+-evoked release of [3H]GABA from particles isolated from slices previously incubated for 5 min with [3H]GABA was increased in the presence of exogenous Ca2+. In contrast, the K+-evoked release from particles isolated from slices previously incubated for 30 min with [3H]GABA, was not influenced by the presence of exogenous Ca2+. These results suggest that, depending on the incubation time of slices, exogenously applied GABA can be detected in different pools. These pools not only seem to differ in their CA2+ dependency of K+-evoked release but also in their subcellular localization. PMID- 7343861 TI - ["Retraction", "hypertony", "hypotony", "hyperextensibility", "hypoextensibility". Evaluation and therapeutic indications. The necessity of a factor analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343860 TI - Metabolism of triacylglycerol in developing rat brain. AB - Metabolism of triacylglycerol (TAG) in developing brain has been examined. TAG is a relatively minor fraction of brain lipid in both suckling and adult rats and cannot be accounted for as entrapped blood. When glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate and [2 3H]glycerol trioleate were simultaneously injected intracerebrally into suckling rats, both labels appeared in diacylglycerol and the major phospholipids; acyl chain label was incorporated more extensively at early time points, with choline phosphoglycerides being most actively labeled. With [1-14C]fatty acids and [2 3H]glycerol administration, the specific activity of TAG was much greater than that of the more abundant phospholipids. Although direct acyl exchange between TAG and phospholipids was not demonstrated, relationships of TAG to selective mechanisms of phosphoglyceride synthesis were indicated. PMID- 7343862 TI - [Orthopedic prevention in cerebral palsy patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343863 TI - [Early diagnosis of cerebral motor defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343865 TI - [Psychology of cerebral motor defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343864 TI - [Contribution to the investigation of neuro-motor patterns in the newborn and the infant: benefit for early therapeutic education (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343866 TI - [Disorders of speech and of swallowing in cerebral palsy. Evaluation of factors involved, therapeutic indications and contraindications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343867 TI - [Cerebral tumours and vascular malformations, thought to be psychiatric in nature, in the child. A report based on personal experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343868 TI - Activity of nucleases in the rat brain during training with emotionally varying reinforcement. AB - Training of rats with emotionally positive and negative reinforcements leads to increase in activity of acid (pH of 5.0) and alkaline (pH of 8.0) nucleases in the neocortex, hippocampus, areas of the midbrain (including the hypothalamus, subthalamus, and thalamus), and caudal section of the brain stem. However, the dynamics of nuclease activation differ depending on the emotional type of reinforcement and level of trainability of the animals. When intensities of enzyme activity are compared in the structures investigated, maximal activation is found in the caudal section of the brain stem. PMID- 7343870 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of slow periodicity of cardiac rhythm. AB - Regular changes in frequency of cardiac contractions with a period of more than 10 sec were investigated in acute experimentation on immobilized cats. Possible conditions for the origination of decasecond periodicity of cardiac rhythm are examined. Quantitative characteristics are presented. It is shown that spontaneous galvanic skin surges can be grouped in relation to phases of slow oscillations in cardiac rhythm. In some experiments synchronous decasecond oscillations were registered in the frequency of cardiac contractions with change in amplitudes of electrical responses of the hippocampus to stimulation of the amygdaloid complex. The possible functional significance of slow modulation in the frequency of cardiac contractions and the mechanisms responsible for determining the association of observed phenomena are discussed. PMID- 7343869 TI - Functional details of the basal ganglia as related to the spatial organization of their fibers in cortex and thalamus. AB - This study compared the results of experimental-morphological and physiological studies in which facts were obtained regarding the functional and morphological heterogeneity of the basal ganglia. Experiments were done on dogs in order to study delayed responses and Hunterian delayed choice responses. Electrical and chemical stimulation of striopallidal structures and recording of spike activity in neurons were done in cats during the formation of conditioned reflexes. Morphological studies were done on cats and dogs by the technique of axon terminal degeneration. On the basis of an analysis of our own data and data in the literature we have advanced the hypothesis that: 1)There is a correlation between the general features of the disturbance in higher nervous activity and the overlap of striopallidal projections onto cortical and thalamic structures; 2) in a series of cases the behavioral disturbance after shut-off or stimulation of the thalamic structures; 2) in a series of cases the behavioral disturbance after shut-off or stimulation of the basal ganglia can be correlated with the topical details of their projection onto cortical fields and thalamic nuclei. PMID- 7343872 TI - A method of removing the tentorium cerebelli in cats for electrophysiological study of hindbrain structures. PMID- 7343871 TI - A platform for the rat's head for long-term experiments. PMID- 7343873 TI - Spinal mechanisms of motor disturbances in torsion dystonia (an electromyographic analysis). PMID- 7343874 TI - Isaacs syndrome: a syndrome of continuous muscle-fiber activity. PMID- 7343876 TI - Structural peculiarities of the cornea of the reptilian eye. PMID- 7343875 TI - Pathogenetic therapy of diseases of the nervous system and muscles with large doses of prednisolone on alternate days. PMID- 7343877 TI - Fronto-striatal relationships in primate ontogeny. PMID- 7343878 TI - Influence of alpha- and beta-adrenoblockers on the calorigenic effect of epinephrine in rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7343879 TI - Dynamics of the change in the content of estradiol receptors in the nuclear fraction of the hypothalamus of female rats during ontogenesis. PMID- 7343880 TI - Structure of receptive fields of cat pulvinar neurons sensitive to photic stimulation. AB - Receptive fields of 262 pulvinar neurons were studied. Receptive fields of 142 of these neurons were studied in detail with the aid of a stationary spot of light, flashing in different parts of the receptive field. Depending on responses to presentation of the stationary stimulus the neurons were divided into six groups. The first group included neurons with on-off responses to photic stimulation (44 of 142), the second group neurons with off responses only (42 of 142). In cells of the third group (19 of 142) an on response only was recorded in all structures of the receptive field tested. Neurons of the fourth group (eight of 412) had a receptive field of similar structure to that of the simple receptive fields of neurons in cortical area 17. The fifth group (10 of 142) included neurons with a receptive field of concentric structure, the sixth (19 of 142) consisted of neurons with receptive fields with multiple discharge centers. The structure of the receptive field of these neurons was mosaic, with an irregular distribution of exciting and "silent" zones. The mean responses latency of the pulvinar neurons was 40-70 msec. Responses of neurons with shorter (20 msec) and longer (130-160 msec) latent periods also were recorded. PMID- 7343881 TI - Unit responses of the auditory cortex of waking cats at rest and after defensive conditioning. AB - In chronic experiments with glass microelectrodes responses of 288 spontaneously active neurons in the auditory cortex were investigated in cats at rest (123 neurons) and after defensive conditioning to sound (165 neurons). In the first situation 43% of neurons did not respond to acoustic stimulation. Most (about 60%) responses of the reacting neurons showed marked inhibition. Conditioning caused an increase (up to 72%) in the number of neurons responding to acoustic stimulation, the appearance of tonic responses, a severalfold increase in the amplitude of the responses, an increase in the number of responses of activation type, and stabilization of their form. The results point to increased excitability of neurons in this cortical area. PMID- 7343882 TI - Neuronal composition and interneuronal connection of area 5 in the cat parietal association cortex. AB - Area 5 of the cat cortex was studied by Nissl's method and by Golgi's chromate silver impregnation method. Its typical six-layered structure with well-developed layers of pyramidal cells was revealed. The characteristic features of area 5 are: predominance of pyramidal cells in layers II-III and the presence of large forms (40 x 26 mu) among them (in layer III); giant pyramidal neurons (70 x 23 mu) arranged singly or nidally in layer V; large (diameter 25-30 mu) and giant (diameter 40-45 mu) stellate cells with radial dendrites, arranged singly or in groups in layers V-VI; infrequent efferent fusiform neurons (40 x 20 mu) in layers V-VL Stellate cells connecting pyramidal neurons in the same or in different layers were found in layers II-VI. Some stellate cells in layers II =III form long horizontal connections within area 5. Interneuronal connections are effected by axosomatic and axodendritic terminals, the latter being more numerous; Dendrodendritic and axoaxonal synapses are less common. PMID- 7343883 TI - Central program of hind limb interaction during locomotion in cats. AB - The central program for interaction between the hind limbs, expressed as the time structure of motor discharges in the nerves to the various muscles, was studied in immobilized decerebrate spinal cats during fictitious locomotion. The program of hind limb interaction (alternating or inphase) in the decerebrate cats was shown to be determined by the relations between the flexor hemicenters. The activity of the latter is either antiphased or cophased. The character of activity of the extensor hemicenters is determined secondarily on account of alternating interaction of each of them with the ipsilateral flexor hemicenter. After injection of dopa into the animals the cophased program of hind limb interaction may be determined by the cophased working of the extensor center. PMID- 7343884 TI - [Clinical syndrome of developmental speech disorders in childhood with special attention to differential diagnostic considerations of developmental speech impairment and brain injuries]. PMID- 7343885 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of dyspraxia in childhood]. PMID- 7343886 TI - [The pedagogical problem of math deficiency from a clinical point of view as symptom of pathological brain dysfunction illustrated on a case report]. PMID- 7343887 TI - [Therapeutic use of L-dopa, illustrated on a case of cerebral palsy with predominant damage in the extrapyramidal area]. PMID- 7343888 TI - [Adolescent hospital psychiatry (1 year's experiences)]. PMID- 7343889 TI - [The psychotic syndrome of self smell delusion in childhood]. PMID- 7343890 TI - [Exocytosis in the rabbit liver in experimental hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 7343891 TI - [Effect of carbon tetrachloride on the formation and development of hepatomas induced by 2-N-acetylaminofluorene in inbred Wistar rats]. PMID- 7343892 TI - [Organic changes as affected by oral steroid contraception in female inbred Buffalo rats]. PMID- 7343893 TI - [Cases of ectopic oxyuriasis]. PMID- 7343894 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of the renal arterioles in animals with experimental diabetes]. PMID- 7343895 TI - [Leiomyoblastoma of the corpus uteri]. PMID- 7343896 TI - [Postpartum hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. PMID- 7343898 TI - [Evaluation of the causes delaying the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 7343897 TI - [Attempt to correlate the lymphographic picture with the morphologic in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7343899 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of preoperative irradiation at a dose of 2000 rad on the state of the ureterosigmoidostomy in patients subjected to total cystectomy for bladder cancer]. PMID- 7343900 TI - [Causes of death in uterine cancer patients dying during hospitalization at the Institute of Oncology in Warsaw]. PMID- 7343901 TI - [Plasmacytoma in a married couple]. PMID- 7343903 TI - [Veterinary problems: alimentary rules and evolution of the butchering industry]. PMID- 7343902 TI - [Recent development and future prospects of the laws concerning hygiene and quality of foods]. PMID- 7343904 TI - [Data on overweightness and obesity in children of the obligatory school of Rome and the province]. PMID- 7343906 TI - [Errors and prejudices in alimentary behavior of Italians]. PMID- 7343905 TI - [Studies on foods with special reference to standards]. PMID- 7343907 TI - [Observations on revision analysis for accertaining microbial loads of foods]. PMID- 7343908 TI - [Prognosis of febrile seizures correlated wih age of onset and therapeutic response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343909 TI - [Neurological and psychic side effects of antiepileptic drugs in pediatric age (author's transl)]. AB - Neurological and psychic side effects of anticonvulsivant drugs in pediatric age are separately considered. Neurological side effects are classified according to different ages: in the neonatal period sedation is preeminent, later psychomotor deterioration or cerebellar and/or extrapyramidal signs may occur. Less frequently antiepileptic drugs are responsible of worsening of seizures up to a toxic encephalopathy. Psychic side effects are more variable and unpredicatable. The same drugs can cause both psychomotor excitement or psychic slowness. In a few instances psychotic syndromes can be observed. Very important are chronic side effects on intellectual activities, especially in children. Finally some factors which can affect the interpretation of the side effects have to be considered: pharmacokinetic data individual reactivity, methodology of evaluation of clinical symptoms, especially psychic ones. PMID- 7343910 TI - [Intravenous aminophylline and dexamethasone in the acute emergency for asthmatic children (author's transl)]. AB - The experience of therapy with Dexamethasone I.V. and Aminophylline I.V. in 13 hospitalized asthmatic children with severe asthma is reported. In all patients the respiratory emergency finished in 24 hours. The results obtained are discussed. PMID- 7343911 TI - [Possible pathogenetic factors in hypocalcemia of low birth weight newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors studied the possible pathogenetic factors in hypocalcemia of 66 low birth weight healthy newborn infants, 28 preterm and 38 small for gestational age babies. To clarify the pathogenesis of neonatal hypocalcemia, the Authors determined daily in the first week of life serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations, the serum natrium and kalium level and E.A.B. on capillary blood. Total serum proteins was determined on the 2nd and on the 7th day of age. The incidence of hypocalcemia was 25.7% for all considered babies: 32.1% for preterm infants and 21% for small for gestational age babies. The hypocalcemia of preterm babies appears early during the first three days of life and it results not correlated with the serum phosphorus and the serum magnesium concentrations. On the contrary the small for gestational age babies show a "late" hypocalcemia directly related with an elevated serum concentration of phosphorus and with a reduced serum magnesium level. Both the preterm and the small for gestational age newborn infants had asymptomatic hypocalcemia and the orally administration of high doses of calcium gluconate 10% was able to normalize rapidly the serum calcium level. PMID- 7343912 TI - [Detection of coeliac disease in the late childhood. Discussion on clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria. (Preliminary results) (author's transl)]. AB - In this study 9 children ranging from 8 to 15 years of age affected by "short stature" not due to endocrine diseases underwent intestinal biopsy. In 5 of then a subtotal villous athrophy (STVA) has been shown and coeliac disease then diagnosed. The AA. underline the fact that in children with short stature, anamnestic and laboratoristic criteria are unreliable in suspecting the disease and stress the importance of jejunal biopsy as part of the diagnostic work-up in all cases of short stature which find any other clearcut explanations. The possibility monosymptomatic coeliac disease in the late childhood is in fact by now supported by documentary evidence. PMID- 7343913 TI - [Nosological limits of wet lung syndrome. Clinical and radiological investigations (author's transl)]. AB - 41 hyaline membrane diseases (H.M.D.), 39 fetal aspiration syndromes (F.A.S.) and 81 wet lung syndromes (W.L.S.) observed during the last four years have been critically examined by the Authors. Anamnestic, clinic and radiological findings have revealed how it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis between W.L.S. and the two other neonatal respiratory disorders and therefore how it is difficult to classify the W.L.S. as an autonomous nosological entity. Therefore the AA. think that the neonatal respiratory disorders can be divided in only two groups: H.M.D. and F.A.S., and suggest the hypothesis that W.L.S. is not an autonomous nosological entity but may be only a milder clinic and radiological aspect of the two other syndromes. PMID- 7343914 TI - [Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism by estimation of T4 and TSH. Experience of three years on 6.340 new-borns (author's transl)]. AB - Since June 1977 to June 1980 screening program for neonatal hypothyroidism was carried out in the area of Vicence. 6.340 newborns were screening, in the fifth day of life, primarily by measuring T4 levels, later by measuring both T4 and TSH levels in the blood serum. Three babies were proved to have neonatal hypothyroidism: two cases showed athyreotic hypothyroidism, and one case was due to familial thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The incidence of this condition in our area is much higher than 1:3.000 newborns. Two cases of familial deficit of thyroxine-binding globulin and two subjects with partial enzymatic deficiency were also detected. PMID- 7343915 TI - [Trans-appendix continent vesicostomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343916 TI - [Congenital anterior urethral fistulas (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report a case of congenital urethral diverticulum which, in the first days of life, spontaneously fistulized. On the basis of the data reported in the Literature and of their own experience they discuss the etiopathogenesis of these rare types of urethral fistulas. PMID- 7343917 TI - [Two new cases of triploidy in premature liveborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - Two liveborn triploid infants are described. The phenotype agrees, in the first case, with that reported in the other observations of the literature. In the second case, hydranencephaly was associated with ambiguous genitalia. Cytogenetic studies, made on cultivated leucocytes, showed triploid number of morphologically normal chromosomes; and constitution 69, XXY in the first case. Mosaicism were found in the second child, with constitution 46XY/69XXY. It is remarked the usefulness of an early diagnosis in order to the genetic counseling. PMID- 7343918 TI - [Hypoparathyroidism and Addison's disease with moniliasis: report of two cases in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Two pediatric cases are described presenting a conjunction of Addison's disease and hypoparathyroidism. One of the two cases also exhibits moniliasis of the oral cavity (Whitaker's disease). A full report is given of the symptoms and of the laboratory analyses which have motivated the diagnosis, and of the endocrinological function tests which were intended to confirm the diagnosis. The clinical process and the therapeutic criteria adopted are subsequently reported. A discussion follows focusing on the possible causes of the coexistence of the immunological defect and of the endocrinous deficiencies which are typical of the syndrome. Pathogenetic priority is attributed to the immunological defect which induces a autoimmune lesion of the endocrinous glands concerned. PMID- 7343919 TI - [Scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - The distinction between the scoliotic posture (transitory and without pathological significance) and the structural scoliosis (for the more progressive and characterized of spinal and costal bones) is fundamental. Facing every deviation it is of great importance, through an accurate clinical and radiographic examination, to establish the characteristic functions of the aetiology, of the evolution and of the therapeutic possibilities. These last consider bloodless treatment (orthopaedic corsets integrated with gymnastics, and physio-kinesi-therapy) and the surgical cure (arthrodesis, frontal and rear). The necessity of a precoce diagnosis and an exact assessment of the evolution for each spinal deviation is stressed out, with the aim of applying the most suitable therapy. PMID- 7343920 TI - [Histologic criteria for the evaluation of duodenal-jejunal mucosa in malabsorption syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343921 TI - [Surgical treatment of the aortic coarctation and aortic arch interruption in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343922 TI - [Incidence of anaemia in congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined in 36 acyanotic and 38 cyanotic patients with congenital heart disease. Serum iron (SI) was also determined in 16 cyanotic patients. Patients were classified as follows: Gp I, 0.5-5 years old and Gp II, 6-12 years. In acyanotic patients, anaemia (Hb 11 gr%) was present in 35% for Gp I and 18.7% for Gp II (Hb 11.5 gr%), a figure which is similar to the general Greek children's population. In cyanotic patients which have normal or high Hb concentration, when SI was used as an index, anaemia (SI 60 g%) was found in 37.5% for Gp I and 12.5% for Gp II. Furthermore, when using as index the MCHC the percentage of anaemia (MCHC 31%) was further increased in those patients (44% for Gp I and 23.8% for Gp II). Four cyanotic infants with MCHC 31% developed cerebrovascular accidents. The data show 1) that the MCHC is a convenient and accurate index of iron deficiency anaemia in children with cyanotic heart disease and 2) that the incidence of hypochromic anaemia is high in cyanotic patients. PMID- 7343923 TI - [Bilateral and multiple ipsilateral torsion of the appendices testis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343924 TI - [Description of a case of Bartter's syndrome: therapeutic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343925 TI - [Testicular feminization: report of two cases in the same family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343926 TI - [Aarskog's syndrome (facial-digital-genital syndrome). Study of a family (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Aarskog syndrome in a 6-years old boy is reported. The patient showed clinical pictures typical of the syndrome: characteristic dysmorphic facies, palpebral ptosis, brachyfalangism, abnormality of the scrotum. Minimal stigmata and clinodactyly of 5th finger were present in a sister. Isolated bilateral clinodactyly was found in other 4 members of the family. The significance of this sign in the context of the syndrome has been discussed. Unusual dermatoglyphic patterns were present in the proband, mother and sister. PMID- 7343927 TI - [Two cases of amniotic band disruption complex (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of amniotic band disruption complex are described: in both newborns severe craniofacial defects are associated with limb defects. The quality of survival may be satisfactory when surgical correction of limbs and craniofacial defects is possible, like in the newborn less severely affected. Recurrence risk is very low, with respect to the sporadic nature of this disorder. A more accurate diagnosis may be done through placenta and fetal sac studies. PMID- 7343928 TI - [Congenital contractural aracnodactyly syndrome. Clinical study of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343929 TI - [A case of neonatal convulsions caused by transitory normocalcemic primary hypomagnesemia. Clinical considerations]. AB - The Authors present a case of a primitive normocalcemic hypomagnesimy in a four days newborn. She was hospitalized for convulsive disorders at the Maternity Hospital Foggia - Neonatal Pathology Section. Although her birth had been normal and she was in good condition, the four days infant had clonic crises which in a short time became tonic-clonic generalized convulsive crises. We all know that in a four days newborn the appearance of this kind of convulsive crises is rare and dangerous, so we added, at the normal therapies, a therapy based on somministration of magnesium, first by parentheral intravenous injections, then by mouth. Our check up at one, three and five months of life on the newborn showed how she was growing normally without any bodily or neurological abnormality. PMID- 7343930 TI - [Sanitary survey about the infantile mortality in the first year of life in Vittoria commune during the 1967-1976 (author's transl)]. AB - In Italy and we would almost say all over the world, the infantile mortality is getting more and more reduced: from 228, 7% in 1863 to 27% in 1972 and especially in the last period of thirty years, the mortality after the first week of life is reduced. All this is given by the improvement of the hygienical sanitary and charitable states of people. Where these improvements haven't been remarkable, the reduction of infantile mortality has been more moderate as in Middle and South Italy, where population have a lower social-economic level in respect of Nord Italy's population. After having studied this problem in the effective reality of our zone (Comiso 1977), now we want to consider and to study it in Vittoria. PMID- 7343931 TI - [Immediate prognosis of newborn infants with birth weight under 1500 g. subjected to intensive therapy. Comparison of 2 periods]. PMID- 7343932 TI - [Value of ultrasound study in neonatal adrenal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343934 TI - [Celiac disease: correlation of different diagnostic methods (author's transl)]. AB - The results of four diagnostic tests have been critically evaluated (xylosemia, serum Ig A level, steatorrhea, X-Ray of the digestic tract) in 80 cases of atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa discovered by biopsy, and in 20 cases in which the biopsy has proved normal. In the celiac subjects the best correlation with the biopsy was found with xylosemia (90%), followed by serum Ig A (87%), by X-Ray of the digestive tract (86%) and finally by steatorrhea (59%). Even in cases without histological alteration of the mucosa, and xylosemia proved abnormal in 70% of the cases, the seric IgA resulted higher greater than 2 delta in 35%, the steatorrhea in 29% while the X-Ray of the digestive tract has never given a false diagnosis. The presence of false negative or positive results in all four tests (except the radiological tests) reconfirms the absolute necessity for biopsy of the digestive tract in the diagnosis of celiac disorder, and has led the AA. Carry out whenever possible the xylosemia, the steatorrhea and the serum IgA level because in none of the 80 cases of celiac disorder has there been a false negative result in all three such tests at the same time. PMID- 7343933 TI - [Must renal biopsy be still performed in "lipoid nephrosis"? (author's transl)]. AB - In 52 out of 272 children with one of the following diseases: nephrotic or nephritic syndrome, persistent humaturia and/or proteinuria, renal biopsy was performed on the basis of commonly accepted indications. 18 biopsies were from patients with a clinical picture of lipoid nephrosis and clinical course of "non responders" or "frequent relapsers" types. All of them showed the histologic pattern of minimal changes and had a value of Y index according to ISKCD greater than 0,85. Moreover all patients with minimal changes nephrotic syndrome had a Y index greater than 0.85. If these observations will be confirmed renal biopsy would not later be indicated in children with "lipoid nephrosis". PMID- 7343935 TI - [Endoscopic jejunal biopsy in child chronic malabsorption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343936 TI - [The treatment of congenital obstructions of the lacrimal passages (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe their method of treatment of congenital dacryocystitis. Up to 3-4 months of age the treatment consists in the use of antibiotic eye drops and message of the lacrimal sack. After this age and up to 8 months of age irrigation of the lacrimal passages is carried out. If this is unsuccessful or if the children are older a probing is performed. The Authors report the results of the probing in a series of 118 children (146 eyes). The best results are obtained when the probing is effectuated before 8 months of age. After this age the success decreases with the increase in age of the young children. There is no apprecciable difference between the unilateral and bilateral cases. PMID- 7343937 TI - [Atypical lymphatic dysplasia in a girl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343939 TI - [Gastric trichobezoar: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - We describe the case of an 11 years old girl admitted to investigate an abdominal mass. The patient presented with abdominal pain, halitosis, exhaustion, started about 1 year prior to admission. An upper gastrointestinal tract with barium and a gastric endoscopy showed a massive trichobezoar which was then surgically removed. A detailed medical history revealed a prolonged habit of trichophagia. PMID- 7343938 TI - [Complex cardio-pulmonary malformation: unusual electro-cardiographic pattern due to anatomic cardiac dextro-position (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343940 TI - [Congenital duodenal obstruction, Malrotation of the intestine associated with annular pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - A newborn presenting duodenal stenosis by small bowel malrotation and annular pancreas is reported. Major diagnostic problems in duodenal obstruction of newborn are considered in keeping with literature review and personal experience. In this presentation clinical appearance has been long aspecific (apnea and bradycardia spells) in spite of a rather typical radiological picture. Really, the true diagnostic nature of midgut obstruction is often intraoperative. Face to any duodenal obstruction in a newborn the possibility of many malformations of the gut should be raised and consequently looked for accurately by the surgeon for a good postoperative prognosis. The surgical procedure of choice is frequently a duodeno-jejunostomy or a duodeno-duodenostomy; the annular pancreas should, on the contrary, never be sectioned. PMID- 7343941 TI - [Atrio ventricular canal defect. Two dimensional echocardiographic features (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343942 TI - [Epidemiological study of congenital heart diseases in the province of Parma during the years 1972-80 (author's transl)]. AB - We have carried out an epidemiological-statistical study about congenital heart disease on 33.245 live-born infants in Parma from 1972 to 1980. 327 newborns with congenital heart disease were found; the incidence was 9,8/1000 live-born. The lowest value was 5,8/1000 live-born in 1972, the highest was 14,5/1000 live-born in 1977. In the majority of cases diagnosis was only clinical VSD, PDA, ecc.), whereas in the more complex cardiac malformations and in patients with severe congestive heart failure diagnosis was confirmed at cardiac catheterization and at surgery. In 60 cases diagnosis was confirmed also at autopsy. The congenital heart disease most frequently observed was VSD (33%), followed by PDA (13,4%) and TGA (8,8%), ecc. Clinical status at 1 year of age in all patients was evaluated. The Authors think that infant cardiac program is necessary to improve the results on congenital heart disease control. PMID- 7343943 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension in childhood: familial aspects]. AB - Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare, progressive and usually fatal disease. Its pathogenesis remains obscure. Probably multiple genetic and environmental factors play a role in the occurrence of PPH. PPH sometimes runs in families. We have studied two families in which some members were affected: in family A two sibs, their father and probably their paternal grandmother, in family B two sibs. When PPH is present in more than one generation (family A), an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance would be likely, whereas, when the disease is present in only one generation (family B), an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is more probable. Treatment of PPH is based on pulmonary vasodilator drugs, because one of the most important mechanisms is thought to be an inappropriate vasoconstriction. Some drugs like oxygen, tolazoline, acetylcholine, isoproterenol seem to get poor results, while phentolamine, nifedipine, hydralazine and diazoxide show promise. Diazoxide appears to have some advantages because it reduces not only pulmonary arteriolar resistance, but also pulmonary artery pressure, without producing tachycardia. PMID- 7343944 TI - [Trans-atrial correction of ventricular septal defects in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors reviewed their surgical experience in correction of ventricular septal defects through tricuspid valve. 57 patients out of 59 operated for surgical closure of V.S.D. underwent this technique. All patients remained in sinus rhythm after surgical repair, 40% showed a right bundle block, and only in a case there was a right bundle block plus left anterior emiblock. Clinical conditions of all the patients greatly improved after intervention. Overall mortality in this series was 6.7%. The Authors conclude that trans-atrial approach is safe and advisable technique in surgical management of ventricular septal defects. PMID- 7343945 TI - [Free autogenous muscle grafts in nine children with total and incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - Nine children with total anal incontinence after surgery for anorectal agenesis were successfully operated on by free autogenous muscle transplantation. Skeletal muscles were first denervated and 3 weeks later transplanted to the anal region as a U--sling around the rectum, imitating the normal position and function of the puborectalis muscle. The grafts were placed in contact with the normal muscles of the region to make reinnervation possible. Eight children were completely evaluated after operation. Two years after surgical procedure six children were "continent" and only two were still incontinent, but improved. In these cases the indication for muscle transplantation was not quite correct. The return of the function of the muscle grafts completely changed the lives of these children. The results of this new surgical procedure are encouraging and invite further trials. PMID- 7343946 TI - [Gaucher's disease. Longitudinal-study in 17 patients in a 10-year period (1970 1980) (author's transl)]. AB - We report follow-up studies of 17 patients with Gaucher disease observed over nearly 10 years. According to the classical subdivision in three clinical forms our cases are: 10 patients with the type 1, chronic, non neuronopathic form; 3 with type 2, acute, neuronopathic form; 4 with type three, subacute, neuronopathic form. Varying degrees of clinical severity and involvement of visceral organs and bones were observed. Possible molecular bases for the heterogeneity of pathology observed are discussed. Two prenatal diagnoses monitored in the same at risk family are reported. Observations of Brady suggesting that enzyme replacement may be useful for treatment of type 1 patients are discussed. PMID- 7343947 TI - [Diagnostic contribution of the electroencephalogram in the premature infant: personal casuistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343948 TI - [Evaluation of neurologic and mental development in children with congenital hypothyroidism treated after the first month of life (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343949 TI - [Paraproteinemia in pregnancy: catabolism of maternal IgG in the newborn]. PMID- 7343950 TI - [Value and limits of testicular scanning in differential diagnosis of "acute scrotum" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343951 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis in cystic fibrosis (echocardiography) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343952 TI - [Infantile obesity: clinical and social aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343953 TI - [Value and limits of C.T. scan in neurologics diseases in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The results obtained in 151 children who underwent C.T. scan at the Pediatric Department of the University of Padova are reported. The high incidence of negative or aspecific results in the cases of static encephalopathy, in primary generalized epilepsy and in acute diffuse cerebral infectious process is emphasized. C.T. confirmed its high diagnostic value in tuberous sclerosis and cerebral abscess. While non providing the precise diagnosis it may be helpful in some demyelinating diseases. In secondary generalized epilepsy and in partial epilepsy C.T. scan may suggest the prognosis and a possible surgical approach. On the basis of these results and of other published reports a greater selectivity in the use of C.T. is strongly recommended. PMID- 7343954 TI - [Reye's syndrome: pathogenetic problems (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe six subjects with Reye's syndrome. All subjects died nevertheless the treatment (exchange-transfusions infusions of citrulline and ornithine). The autoptical studies showed cerebral oedema and fatty degeneration of the liver. Hepatic and seric OTC activity was measured in three patients: enzyme activity was virtually absent in one patient and normal in the other two. Instead in one patient was found partial CPS deficiency. However, Reye's syndrome is not only correlated with enzymatic deficiency of urea's cycle but sometimes also with toxic and metabolic causes. PMID- 7343955 TI - [Spondylocostal dysostosis. An easily recognizable syndrome with a difficult genetic counselling (author's transl)]. AB - A case with spondylocostal dysostosis is reported. Main clinical finding are: short stature, as a consequence of short neck and trunk, due to vertebral body abnormalities, along with abnormal ribs. The clinical aspects and the family history are suggestive of the autosomal recessive form of the disease. The Authors discuss the possibility of neonatal diagnosis of this syndrome and underline the difficulty to give the family a correct genetic counselling. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis is also reported. PMID- 7343957 TI - The brain-gut axis: a new frontier. Proceedings of an international symposium. Florence Italy, June 29-July 1, 1981. PMID- 7343956 TI - [Fanconi's anemia type Estren-Dameshek. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical, hematological and cytogenetical study has been carried out in a patient with Fanconi's anemia. The absence of phenotypical alterations at clinical and instrumental surveyor suggested a frame in a variant type Estren Dameshek. The genetical problem between the classical and variant form is not yet established. The cytogenetical analysis in this case, and recent data show the impossibility to distinguish between the two forms, as regard to the frequency and characters of chromosomical instability. On the whole, the chromosomes data derived from recent studies give no support to the idea of cytogenetic heterogeneity between subjects affected by these two forms of childhood aplastic anemia. PMID- 7343958 TI - Bombesin analogs: effects on thermoregulation and glucose metabolism. AB - Twenty-six peptides, analogs of bombesin (BNa) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), have been synthesized by the solid phase method. The synthetic peptides were purified by ion exchange and partition chromatography and shown to be homogenous under various conditions on RP-HPLC. They were further characterized by TLC, amino acid analysis and optical rotation. These peptides have been administered IC to rats and their effects on thermoregulation and glucoregulation have been compared to those of the two natural peptides: frog skin bombesin (BNa) and GRP. Their structure activity relationship is also discussed. The minimum essential residues required for full potency of bombesin-like effects is represented by an acetylated C-terminal 8-peptide fragment, where in position 7 of this peptide an L-amino acid such as alanine, histidine or glutamine, or the D glutamine residue can be introduced. Modification of the tryptophan [8] and histidine [12] residues by alanine abolished the biological potency of those peptides. Analogs with a free N-terminus were found to express little, but significant, activity, thus indicating that blocked N-terminus is necessary for maximal response. [Ac-Ala7, DAla11]-bombesin (7--14) and [Ac-DGln7 DAla11] bombesin (7--14) were found to be more potent than bombesin, whereas [Ac-DAla7, DAla11]-bombesin or [Ac-DAla7, DAla11] bombesin N-methylamide were found to have 10 and 1% of bombesin potency, respectively. PMID- 7343959 TI - Bombesin stimulates human gastric function by gastrin-dependent and independent mechanisms. AB - Studies were performed in six men to determine the relationship between serum gastrin concentration and gastric function during exogenous and endogenous stimulation of gastrin release. When the intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0, there were dose-related increases in gastric acid secretion with increasing serum gastrin concentrations produced either by stepwise increasing doses of intravenous gastrin or bombesin, or by intragastric perfusion with peptone. When intragastric pH was maintained at 2.5, or when intravenous atropine was given hourly, sensitivity to both exogenous and endogenously released gastrin were similarly decreased. Gastric emptying was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both bombesin and peptone but not by exogenous gastrin. These results suggest that bombesin and peptone stimulate gastric acid secretion through release of circulating gastrin but inhibit gastric emptying by another mechanism. PMID- 7343960 TI - Neurohormonal control of gastrointestinal motor activity in conscious dogs. AB - Interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) were analyzed for their occurrence interval, duration, migrating velocity, and frequently in long term records obtained by means of chronically implanted force transducers in the main stomach and the extrinsically denervated fundic pouches or in the intact jejunum and the extrinsically denervated Thirty loop in 10 conscious dogs. Plasma immunoreactive motilin (IRM) was measured simultaneously. It was found that concomitant occurrence of IMC in the main stomach and pouch was closely associated with increase in plasma IRM concentration. On the other hand, in the extrinsically denervated jejunal loop, IMC-like contractions occurred independently of and more frequently than those in the intact jejunum and did not correlate with an increase in IRM concentration. It is concluded that gastric motor activity is under humoral control but in the jejunum, autoregulation by the intrinsic nerve plexus is more predominant than humoral factor(s). PMID- 7343961 TI - Elevation of plasma neurotensin during lipid perfusion of rat small intestine. AB - Perfusion of the small intestine with a lipid solution results in elevated plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in blood collected from the superior mesenteric vein. Perfusion of amino acids, glucose, hyperosmotic saline, acidified saline, bile salt and diluted rat bile had no effect. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in portal plasma was significantly higher than that measured concomitantly in peripheral arterial plasma. Neurotensin, as identified by high pressure liquid chromatography, rose from 4 to 9 fm/ml (n = 4) and 9 to 18 fm/ml (n = 9) extracted plasma during lipid stimulation as compared to the saline control. These results demonstrate that intraintestinal lipid is an effective and specific stimulus for the release of neurotensin from the small intestine into the portal circulation. However, until a target organ can be shown to respond to these modest levels of plasma neurotensin, it is unsettled whether the peptide is a hormone or whether its elevation in plasma is due to "overflow" of a paracrine agent. PMID- 7343962 TI - Role of nutrients in the gastrointestinal release of immunoreactive neurotensin. AB - Neurotensin is a brain-gut tridecapeptide. It can be released into the circulation upon ingestion of a meal, or when the jejuno-ileal segment of the human gut is exposed to a mixed meal. Among the various constituents of the products of food digestion, fatty acid is the most potent in stimulating immunoreactive neurotensin release. This response is dose dependent. The physiological role of postprandial changes of circulating neurotensin needs further elucidation. PMID- 7343963 TI - The quantitative effects of the B blood group locus and sex linked histocompatibility antigen in chickens on G-v-H reaction. AB - The major histocompatibility locus in the chicken is the B locus with a minor histocompatibility antigen controlled by a gene (s) on the W chromosome. This study was designed to determine the quantitative effects of the B locus and the sex linked histocompatibility gene on splenomegaly of chick embryos after inoculation with adult male lymphocytes. The embryos and male lymphocyte donors had blood group genotypes designed B9/B9, B9/B11 so that nine donor-host combinations were used. When the donor and host were homozygous for different B alleles (B9 and B11) or different by one B allele (B9 or B11) the splenomegaly was 4 and 2 times greater, respectively, than the compatible donor and host. A greater splenomegaly was produced in male to female injections than in male to male injections. However, the histocompatibility antigen controlled by a gene(s) on the W chromosome was weaker than the controlled by the B locus. PMID- 7343964 TI - The physiological effects of feeding warfarin poultry. AB - A 20 week study using layer and broiler strain chicks of both sexes was undertaken to determine whether poultry were susceptible to warfarin-induced granulomatous endocardial lesions. Birds were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet with no added vitamin K, supplemented with either 0, 25, 50, or 100 ppm of warfarin or vitamin K at .6 mg/kg of diet. Broiler chicks showed a higher incidence of hemorrhages, more mortality, and longer prothrombin times than did the layer strain fed the same diets. Regardless of the breed, female chicks fed the highest warfarin level had significantly longer prothrombin times than the male chicks. However, there were no sex differences associated with mortality or incidence of hemorrhages among birds fed the experimental diets. Growth was most significantly reduced for chicks fed the highest warfarin level and to a lesser degree for birds fed 50 ppm of warfarin. In contrast to the first 10 weeks of the study, there was a sharp decline in mortality, incidence of hemorrhages, and prothrombin times during the last 10 weeks of the study. Layer and broiler strains of chickens fed warfarin for 20 weeks showed no evidence of granulomatous endocardial lesions as was reported for swine (Oshiro and Brooks, 1975). PMID- 7343965 TI - Vitamin A requirement of broiler chicks in Nigeria. AB - Feeding of a vitamin A deficient diet resulted in cessation of growth of RIR chicks at between 19 and 24 days of age. When depleted chicks were fed graded levels of vitamin A acetate it was observed that the minimum requirement was 90 IU/100 g of diet. Trials with four commercial strains of broiler chicks revealed strain differences with respect to the requirement when body weight gain, feed conversion, liver storage of the vitamin, and blood uric acid were used as indicators of vitamin A status. Coccidiosis was induced and the results showed that under practical conditions at least 150 IU of vitamin A per 100 g of diet should be fed in Nigeria. PMID- 7343966 TI - Influence of dietary selenium on performance, tissue selenium content, and plasma concentrations of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, vitamin E, and ascorbic acid in ducklings. AB - Low-selenium corn-soya diets (.04 ppm Se) supplemented with 0, .1, or .2 ppm was selenium (as Na2SeO3), in the presence or absence of 10 IU of supplemental vitamin E per kilogram, were fed to progeny of selenium-depleted breeder ducks. Ducklings from nondepleted breeders received selenium-adequate diets supplemented with 0, .1, or 1.0 ppm selenium from Na2SeO3. High mortalityyy, extensive muscle necrosis, and depressed early weight gain occurred in ducklings fed the low selenium diets without added selenium. These effects were not prevented by supplemental vitamin E. None of the above manifestations of selenium deficiency were observed in ducklings fed the low-selenium diets supplemented with .1 or .2 ppm selenium. The addition of up to 1.0 ppm selenium to the adequate-selenium diet had no significant effect on mortality or weight gain. The selenium content of kidney, liver, and muscle increased with the addition of .1 ppm selenium to the low-selenium diet. Relatively small increases in tissue selenium concentrations resulted from the addition, to either diet, or levels of selenium in excess of the nutritional requirement. Glutathione peroxidase in plasma varied directly with selenium additions to the low-selenium diets. Plasma vitamin E increased as dietary vitamin E and selenium were increased. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on the concentration of ascorbic acid in plasma. PMID- 7343968 TI - Relationships of age and body weight to reproductive traits in turkey hens. AB - An experiment was conducted for 23 weeks with 34 large white female turkeys and 86 small white female turkeys to determine productivity trends in aging turkey hens during the first year of production. Over the course of the egg production cycle, age significantly influenced all of the reproductive traits measured in both the large and small hens. For weeks 9 to 23 of the egg production cycle, egg production decreased by approximately 33 and 39%, egg mass by 25 and 30%, body weight by 4 and 1%, feed conversion (feed consumed/egg mass yield) decreased by 93 and 107%, egg weight increased by 12 and 11%, and dietary intake increased by 24 and 9% in large and small hens, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that there was a positive association of body weight with egg production, egg mass, and dietary intake up to approximately 10 kg in large hens and 6.5 kg in small hens. PMID- 7343967 TI - Decreased reproductive potential and reduced feed consumption in mature white leghorn males fed aflatoxin. AB - A pair-feeding study was conducted to investigate the relative importance of ingestion of aflatoxin (20 microgram/g diet) versus decreased feed consumption in explaining the effects of dietary aflatoxin on reproduction. Fifty-eight mature White Leghorn males were divided among three groups - control, 0 microgram/g diet ad lib; aflatoxin, 20 micrograms/g diet ad lib; and pair-fed, 0 microgram/g diet pair fed to 20 micrograms/g group. Aflatoxin and pair-fed males consumed significantly less feed than controls during weeks 1 through 5 of the 8-week aflatoxin feeding period. Measures of reproductive potential (semen volume, testes weights, spermatocrit, and plasma testosterone) for pair-fed males were not significantly different from males fed aflatoxin, although both groups were significantly lower than control males. Measures of aflatoxicosis (liver weight, liver fat, and plasma albumin) for pair-fed males were not significantly different from control males, although both groups were significantly different from males fed aflatoxin. In conclusion, decreased feed consumption did not produce symptoms of aflatoxicosis but accounted for 60% of the effects of aflatoxin on reproduction. Therefore, aflatoxin has nutritional and toxicological effects on reproduction.U PMID- 7343969 TI - Humoral immunity in Japanese quail following surgical bursectomy at various ages. AB - Four separate experiments were conducted to determine the effects of surgical bursectomy (BSX) at periodic intervals on subsequent antibody production in Japanese quail. At 0, 1, 3, 7, and 28 days of age, BSX resulted in graduated increments in humoral immune responsiveness. Quail BSX at 0 and 1 day of age exhibited significantly reduced primary hemagglutinin responses, as well as reduced mercaptoethanol resistant (IgG) antibody levels. The production of mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody (IgM) levels were affected to a lesser degree in BSX quail than in controls. At 7 and 28 days of age, BSX resulted in no significant effects. At 3 days of age, BSX resulted in an intermediate effect with minimal reduction in antibody levels. Secondary antibody responses were reduced to a lesser extent than the primary responses. At 0 day, BSX reduced hemagglutinin and mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody levels during the early stages of the secondary responses. At other times, however, BSX did not affect secondary antibody responses. PMID- 7343970 TI - Pharmacokinetics of estradiol-17 beta in the laying hen. AB - The plasma metabolic clearance rate (MCR), production rate (PR), and half-life (T 1/2) of estradiol-17 beta (E2) were determined in 5 laying hens at a time 2 to 4 hr after oviposition of the second egg in the clutch. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from data obtained after a single injection of 3H-E2. Results indicate that the disappearance of 3H-E2 from the plasma best fits a two compartment model. The MCR was calculated to be 77.3 +/- 14.2 (mean +/- SE) ml plasma/min/kg and the PR 6.36 +/- 1.46 ng/min. The T 1/2 for the distribution (or alpha) phase was 1.1 +/- .2 min and for the storage, metabolism, and excretory (or beta) phase was 27.5 +/- 6.5 min. We conclude that the MCR and T 1/2 alpha of E2 are similar to previously published values for progesterone (P4) but that the PR is substantially lower. This difference can account for the lower circulating basal levels of E2, compared to P4, in the laying hen. PMID- 7343972 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and control of gastroduodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343971 TI - [Clinical investigation of chronic upper abdominal pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343973 TI - [Dysphagia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343974 TI - [hemorrhoidal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343976 TI - [Consciousness from the viewpoint of philosophy and brain physiology]. PMID- 7343975 TI - [Operative colonoscopy (polypectomies) in ambulatory practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343977 TI - [Rapid screening of urine cultures with a semi-automatic instrument (author's transl)]. AB - The research carried out indicates that by applying an Autobac (Pfizer) system of semi-automatic reading to urine culture, it is possible to screen in 5 h about 70% of the specimens, which represent about 30-50% of the work of the microbiology section. The system experimented by us presents good correlation with a rapid system (Urotube), and can allow a saving in experimental costs. The growth of germs from infected urine in the chambers of the cuvette containing Eugonic broth, requires time comparable to that of the growth curve of inoculations of germs known as "colony-forming unit"/ml (CFU/ml). The results, read hourly during the incubation period with a calibration method, were plotted placing time of incubation in relation to the delta E of the voltage. The majority of the specimens with CFU/ml greater than or equal to 5 x 10(4) are revealed within 5 h, those with CFU/ml greater than or equal to 10(4) within 6 h, while the negative tests do not show any growth after 6 h. PMID- 7343978 TI - [Identification of Koch-Weeks bacillus (Haemophilus aegyptius) with a selective culture medium]. PMID- 7343979 TI - [Further observations on a simplified method for the execution of antibiograms. Comparison with method of broth dilution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343980 TI - [Preliminary evaluations of the use of dodecyl di-(beta-oxyethyl)-benzylammonium chloride as a routine decontaminant for isolation of mycobacteria]. AB - The percentages of positive cultures of mycobacteria obtained from sputum, bronchial-aspirate and urine treated with 0.2% Bactofen and with 0.5% Desogen were compared. Respiratory materials gave significantly higher values of these percentages when treated with Bactofen. Urine showed opposite results but these were not statistically significant. Isolates of MOTT too were more frequent in specimens decontaminated with Bactofen. Contamination rate showed no modifications. PMID- 7343981 TI - [Bacterial growth curves. Their construction with bioluminescence]. PMID- 7343982 TI - [Automatic determination of chlorides with a centrifugal analyzer (author's transl)]. AB - We have applied a photometric method for the determination of chlorides, to the centrifugal analyzer Multistat III. This technique, which was already been utilized on automatic instruments, both of the continuous-flow and discrete type, has been criticised by several Authors on account of the insufficient linearity of its results with high concentration of Cl-. The method described in this paper showed a high degree of precision and accuracy, with a good linearity, better in any case than the linearities previously associated with this analytical procedure. Interferences by bilirubin, hemoglobin and lipids are negligible even at very high levels. This procedure, while requiring only minimal manual intervention, produces final result printouts in less than thirty seconds. PMID- 7343983 TI - [The importance of IgM anti-HAV test in hepatitis evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343984 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 2 widely diffused systems in commerce, for identification of Enterobacteriaceae, with the traditional system in use at our laboratory]. PMID- 7343985 TI - [Evaluation of the latex agglutination test for the identification of beta haemolytic streptococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343986 TI - [Behaviour of glycosylated hemoglobin in non diabetics beta-thalassemia trait carriers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343987 TI - [Pollen granules and other plant findings in cervico-vaginal smears]. AB - 42 cervico-vaginal out of 20,000 smears were singled out with extraneous structures of vegetable kind. Botanic analysis showed fragments of tracheae, fibres, etc., and mainly many pollen grains. The reports, accompanied by a set of pictures, are showed. Some hypotheses are presented concerning their origin. Some suggestions are proposed in order to reduce this kind of contamination which, mainly because of pollens, may lead to erroneous diagnoses. PMID- 7343988 TI - Fibrin (ogen) polymerization curve (FPC) in patients with "diabetes mellitus". PMID- 7343989 TI - Correlation between HBeAg/anti-HBe and other hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in healthy carriers. PMID- 7343990 TI - [In-vitro evaluation of granulocyte function with chemiluminescence. Standardization of the method]. PMID- 7343991 TI - [Bacteriuria screening with bioluminescence method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343992 TI - [Renal angiorheography]. PMID- 7343993 TI - A rare lymphangiographic complication: contrast-staining of liver and spleen. PMID- 7343994 TI - [On some peculiarities of antrum accompanying gastritis in duodenal ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343995 TI - [Diagnosis of respiratory disturbances with malignant tumours of the head and of the neck by means of X-ray pneumopolygraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343996 TI - [The importance of bronchography in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343997 TI - [Dispensary diagnosis of mammary diseases by X-ray examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343998 TI - [Radiological identification on the adult pelvic skeleton in the presence of intravital films from childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7343999 TI - [Radiomorphological results on the skeletal system in arthropathic psoriasis. 1st communication: hand- and foot-bones, other joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344001 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy using thallium-201 during rest and exertion in coronary disease]. PMID- 7344000 TI - [Contributions to the tunnel syndrome on the atlas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344002 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with technetium-99m diphosphonate following radiation therapy of the thoracic area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344003 TI - [On the connection between image quality and the detection of lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344004 TI - [Radiation risk and radiological diagnostic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344005 TI - [Ultrastructural study in the epididymis of vasectomized hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)]. AB - Electron microscopy studies on the epididymal epithelium and lumen contents of hamster between 3 and 14 months after vasectomy, showed ultrastructural changes in the clear cells and spermatozoids within the lumen. These changes on the clear cells were as follows: accumulation of electron dense bodies of irregular forms distributed between luminal and basal zones of clear cells, presence of large vacuoles of low electron density and a loss of stereocilia; flattening of luminal border and emission of projections toward the lumen. Spermatozoid population was low within the lumen and is accompanied by large amounts of detritic material. Most of the gametes were destroyed. A variety of abnormal forms of spermatids were observed in advanced maturation stage. PMID- 7344006 TI - [Post mortem changes in the intestinal mucosa and lung tissue of Mus musculus, observed by scanning electron microscopy]. AB - Post mortem ultrastructural alterations of surface epithelial tissues were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Ten male albino mice were sacrificed, and the duodenum, ileum and lung excised and fixed immediately, at 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post mortem. The intestinal villi and microvilli tended to flatten and to lose rigidity of cellular architecture. Alveolal epithelial cells showed the beginning of edema. Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells were noticed as early as 20 minutes after death. PMID- 7344007 TI - [Natural adaptation of the white rat to Toxoplasma gondii]. AB - White rats were found to be resistant to 3 x 10(7) Toxoplasma gondii organisms (RH strain) inoculated either sc or ip. That resistance was age-dependent since survival time of 1- or 5-day-old rats inoculated with 10(4) or 10(6) tachyzoites was lower as compared with those 10 or 15 days old. Organisms kept in contact with a lysate of white rat complete peritoneal exudate showed reduced capacity to infect mice. Peritoneal exudate of 5-day-old rats showed a stronger effect than that of 1, 2, 3, or 4 day-infected animals. After 10 days the anti-toxoplasma effect diminished and it almost disappeared after 15 days of infection. Apparently age and macrophage activity are very important factors in the natural adaptability of the white rat to Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 7344008 TI - [Acute pyogenic arthritis during the newborn period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344010 TI - [Diets of pediatric hospitalized patients in a general metropolitan hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344009 TI - [Iatrogenic muscular fibrosis: experimental approach]. PMID- 7344011 TI - [Anorectal deformities]. PMID- 7344012 TI - [The very low birth-weight infant; analysis of mortality]. PMID- 7344013 TI - [Birth weight and the Apgar test in 2000 newborn infants in Santiago]. PMID- 7344014 TI - [Early psychosocial stimulation of children by children. Developing the human quality of life]. PMID- 7344015 TI - [The use of real-time two dimensional echocardiography in pediatric cardiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344016 TI - [Effect of changes in myocardial contractility on intramyocardial diastolic pressure]. PMID- 7344017 TI - [Clinically apparent liver damage during brief tuberculosis therapy]. PMID- 7344018 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemias: experience of out-patient treatment of 112 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344019 TI - [Myxoid degeneration of the heart valves]. PMID- 7344020 TI - [Spastic paresis following portacaval shunt]. PMID- 7344021 TI - [Infectious arthritis]. PMID- 7344022 TI - [Psychological symptoms among medical students (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344023 TI - [Hemoglobin A1 in the clinical control of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7344024 TI - [In vitro antacid property of 3 new antacids]. PMID- 7344025 TI - [Cancer of the breast in Chile]. PMID- 7344026 TI - [The specter of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7344027 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7344028 TI - [Rehabilitation of aphasic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344029 TI - [A case of alexia without agraphia. Clinical and CBF study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344030 TI - [A case of pure cortical blindness. Clinical, scintigraphic and electrophysiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344031 TI - [Computers in screening and epidemiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344032 TI - [Cervical sprains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344033 TI - [Muscle cramps and elevated phosphokinase caused by Danazol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344034 TI - [A minispirometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344035 TI - [Hospital organization in disaster (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344036 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344037 TI - [Anatomoclinical relations of the types of primary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7344038 TI - [The nephritic syndrome]. PMID- 7344039 TI - [The nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7344040 TI - [Urinary abnormalities in various glomerular nephropathies]. PMID- 7344041 TI - [Our experience in the use of temporary decompressive gastrostomy in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7344044 TI - [Patient admissions at the University Clinic of Navarre]. PMID- 7344042 TI - [Apropos of a case of Conn's disease. Use of computerized axial tomography in the differential diagnosis from hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7344043 TI - [Early diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 7344045 TI - [Medical ethics--an expendable subject?]. PMID- 7344046 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. VI - Serum levels of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in 22 patients]. PMID- 7344047 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. VII - Levels of creatinine, blood proteins and lipids in inhabitants of the region]. PMID- 7344049 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. VIII - Behavior of hemoglobin A2 levels in inhabitants of the region and in patients]. PMID- 7344048 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. II - Comparative 1976 and 1979 epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 7344050 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. X - Incidence of anti erythrocyte antibodies in the general population and in patients]. PMID- 7344051 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. XII - Incidence of erythrocyte resistance factors in the general population and in patients: hemoglobin S and Duffy blood system]. PMID- 7344052 TI - [Current health problems related to environmental pollution. I. Pollution of soil, water, the atmosphere, plants and fodder]. PMID- 7344053 TI - [Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of the benzoic acid content of fruit products, nonalcoholic carbonated drinks and tomato concentrate. I. The characteristics of the method]. PMID- 7344055 TI - [In vitro activity of liver aryl hydroxylases as affected by certain compounds]. PMID- 7344054 TI - [Chemical structure and toxicodynamic properties of phenoxycarboxylic acid derivatives. III. The course of absorption into the blood and the measurement of the urinary excretion of phenoxyacetic and phenoxypropionic acid derivatives]. PMID- 7344056 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in the blood of children from Warsaw and environs in 1980]. PMID- 7344057 TI - [Lead exposure of selected population groups. II. The lead level of the blood and delta-aminolevulinic acid level of the urine in the workers in a modern lead and zinc plant]. PMID- 7344058 TI - [Reliability of microbiological studies of foods for the presence of Salmonella bacilli]. PMID- 7344059 TI - [Occurrence of aqueous organisms in tap water. II. Comparative studies of the tap water fed from a surface source and an infiltration well]. PMID- 7344060 TI - [Effect of the choice of the day for study on the assessment of the dietary habits of Warsaw women]. PMID- 7344061 TI - [Problems of the dietary habits of workers employed in the shift system]. PMID- 7344062 TI - [Energy expenditure of the work performed in the school workshops of vocational schools]. PMID- 7344063 TI - [Mode of spending free time among Warsaw children 9- to 13-years-old]. PMID- 7344064 TI - Prognosis of vertigo attacks in hypertensives. PMID- 7344065 TI - Disturbances of the orienting response extinction in post-meningoencephalitic epilepsy. PMID- 7344066 TI - Holistic function of the "associative" suprasylvian cortex in cats. PMID- 7344067 TI - A new method for quantitative analysis of myoelectric spikes synchronization. PMID- 7344068 TI - [Activity of Culicidae mosquitoes in residual forests in the Ribeira Valley, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7344069 TI - [Estimation of specific coefficients of infantile mortality by birth weight in the municipality of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 7344070 TI - [Ancylostomotic anemia: a physiopathological study]. PMID- 7344071 TI - [Visceral leishmaniasis contracted in the State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 7344072 TI - [Bioelectric activities of endocrine gland cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344073 TI - [Sympathetic control of thyroid gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344074 TI - [Receptor occupation theory and its parameter estimates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344076 TI - [The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344075 TI - [Interdigestive myoelectric complex of gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344077 TI - [On the question of energy requirement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344078 TI - [The role of the cholinergic nerve and its transmitter---acetylcholine in pulmonary vascular activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344079 TI - [Structure and function of mRNA 5' terminal cap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344081 TI - [The postgraduate education in the United States of America (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344080 TI - [Some method for the study of microvascular permeability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344082 TI - [New techniques and some recent advances in studies of renal tubular physiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344083 TI - [Discovery and rediscovery of secretin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344084 TI - Growing old: a strategy for research. PMID- 7344085 TI - A pharmacological evaluation of the potential of a bronchodilator trimetoquinol to produce tachycardia and skeletal muscle tremor. PMID- 7344086 TI - Stage IV-S neuroblastoma. A review from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7344089 TI - Gigantism and acromegaly in Singapore. PMID- 7344087 TI - Unusual Vibrio species found in diarrhoeal stools. PMID- 7344088 TI - Seroimmunity of National servicemen in Singapore to poliomyelitis. PMID- 7344090 TI - Haematological changes in thyrotoxic patients in Singapore. PMID- 7344091 TI - The laboratory evaluation of home blood glucose monitoring instruments. PMID- 7344092 TI - Male trans-sexuals in Singapore. PMID- 7344093 TI - Self poisoning in Singapore--main causative factors. PMID- 7344094 TI - IV. Labetalol in the management of severe hypertension. PMID- 7344095 TI - Sinus arrest due to lidocaine. PMID- 7344097 TI - Lithopaedion: a case report with ultrasound scan. PMID- 7344096 TI - A longitudinal study of fetal biparietal diameter measurements in Chinese women. PMID- 7344098 TI - Protection against Vibrio cholerae infection afforded by fragments of anti haemagglutinin. AB - The finding that Fab fragments of the anti-E1 Tor haemagglutinin were able to afford protection in vivo (low but significant), as well as a significant reduction in Vibrio cholerae adherence to isolated intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, implicate that masking of these cell-bound haemagglutinin sites per se, would be sufficient to confer protection in E1 Tor cholera infection. Subsequently, the related working hypothesis that the E1 Tor cell-bound haemagglutinin is playing an adhesive role is validated. In natural immunity, it could be envisaged that antiserum to this cell-bound haemagglutinin of V. cholerae E1 Tor would be highly protective due to the synergistic effects of the dual protective mechanisms in operation at the intestinal sites viz. a masking and agglutinating phenomenon. PMID- 7344099 TI - Filarial enzymes by the horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis technique. AB - In preliminary studies, on adult filarial parasites, difference in the electrophoretic pattern of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) of B. malayi, B. pahangi and the rat filarial worm, B. booliati, was demonstrated. There also appears to be a difference in the GPI and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns of B. malayi (subperiodic) from different animal hosts. These observations suggest that the zymogram technique may yet prove to be a sensitive taxonomic tool for use in the characterisation of filarial helminths. At present, the contention is that the subperiodic form of B. malayi exists as a zoonoses (possibly also with B. pahangi), which is drawn from findings backed by procedures that cannot easily differentiate between closely-related species and subspecies. Thus enzyme electrophoresis could complement the parasitological methods currently used, and contribute in enhancing the validity of this contention. More work, and on a larger scale to include the microfilariae and infective larvae, would be required. PMID- 7344100 TI - Blood group active substances in Paragonimus westermani. AB - Lyophilized crude extracts of Paragonimus westermani were investigated for the presence of human blood group active substances, using an automated haemagglutination inhibition technique. This sensitive method allowed the detection of A, B, H, Lewis (a), Lewis (b) and P1 blood group specificities, in the fluke's extracts. No inhibition was observed with C, c, D, E, e, K, Kpa, Kpb, Fya, Fyb, Jka and Jkb blood group antibodies. PMID- 7344101 TI - Slide coagglutination for Salmonella typhi antigens in broths inoculated with feces from typhoid fever patients. AB - Salmonella typhi antigens D, Vi and d were readily detected, by slide coagglutination, in mannitol selenite (MSB) and dulcitol selenite (DSB), Salmonella enrichment broths 4 hours after inoculation with feces from 60 patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever. Positive coagglutination also occurred using MSB and DSB inoculated with fecal specimens obtained from 16 patients from whom S. typhi was not cultured. Twelve of these later seroconverted to Salmonella O antigen. None of the MSB or DSB inoculated with feces from 50 healthy control subjects, gave a positive coagglutination test. The coagglutination method appears to have potential as a rapid test for the detection of antigens of S. typhi in MSB and DSB broths inoculated with feces from patients with suspected typhoid fever. PMID- 7344102 TI - The prevalence of Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris in patients attending a rural diarrhea treatment center in Bangladesh. PMID- 7344103 TI - Comparative sensitivity of mosquito inoculation and mammalian cell culture for isolation of some arboviruses in Indonesia. AB - The sensitivity of parenteral inoculation of colony reared male Aedes aegypti and mammalian cell cultures for isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus were compared. The mosquito inoculation technique proved to be more sensitive for the isolation of dengue virus from the sera of febrile patients than did the mammalian cell cultures (Vero and BHK21) employed in these studies. Mosquito inoculation proved to be no more sensitive that the mammalian system for the isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from field caught female mosquitoes. PMID- 7344104 TI - Ovalocytosis in Papua New Guinea -- dominantly inherited resistance to malaria. AB - Analysis of ovalocytosis in families has demonstrated dominant inheritance. This conclusion is based on finding ovalocytic children of ovalocytic Melanesian mothers and normocytic Caucasian fathers. Inheritance of resistance to thermal deformation and to crenation upon storage correlated with inheritance of ovalocytic erythrocyte morphology. The latter was associated with in vitro resistance to invasion by P. falciparum. PMID- 7344105 TI - Increased circulating platelet aggregates in thalassaemia. AB - Examination for circulating platelet aggregates according to Wu and Hoak revealed increased circulating platelet aggregates in 71% of splenectomized and 35% of nonsplenectomized patients with beta (0)-thalassaemia/Hb E disease. This may be causally related to the newly observed high incidences of pulmonary artery thrombosis and hypoxaemia in splenectomized thalassaemic patients. It is recommended that anti-platelet aggregation drugs such as aspirin and/or dipyridamole are given to thalassaemic patients after splenectomy. PMID- 7344106 TI - Nutritional anaemia in cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7344108 TI - Ascaridoid nematode larvae in marine fishes from the Gulf of Thailand. PMID- 7344107 TI - Atmosperic pollens and molds survey in Bangkok. AB - Pollens and molds survey was done by the standard gravity slide sampler at Ramathibodi Hospital for a 3 year period from January 1978 to December 1980. The mold and pollen counts were presented. Fungi Imperfecti was predominant and most likely the major fungi in mold allergy. Grass was the principal air-borne pollen. PMID- 7344109 TI - Treatment of Opisthorchis viverrini with mebendazole. AB - Thirty-six hospitalized Thais (21 males, 15 females, 9 to 63 years of age) with Opisthorchis viverrini infection were treated with mebendazole in dosages of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks and 30 mg/kg body weight for 3 or 4 weeks. The drug was found to be effective when given in dosages of 30 mg/kg body weight for 3 to 4 weeks only a few eggs being found in the stool of one of 27 persons at 3 or 4 weeks post-treatment. In follow-up examination at 6 months, only two of 15 persons available were positive. These could have been reinfection, however. Side effects were essentially absent, except one person who vomited on the first day of treatment. The drug could be used in a mass treatment campaign because of effectiveness, low toxicity, and action against other helminthic infections. PMID- 7344110 TI - Field trial of praziquantel in human opisthorchiasis in Thailand. AB - Praziquantel is an excellent drug for treatment against Opisthorchis viverrini infection. Sixty cases of Opisthorchis viverrini infection were treated with Praziquantel, 3 x 25 mg/kg body weight for one day, except one case that was retreated with the same regimen at one month after the first treatment, and the cure rate was 100.0% at one year after the treatment. The side effects of the drug were headache, lassitude, sleepiness, and diarrhoea, but most of these were only in mild degree. Other laboratory findings showed no abnormal changes. PMID- 7344111 TI - Mekong schistosomiasis in Kampuchean refugees. PMID- 7344112 TI - Nutritional status according to anthropometric measurement of schoolchildren in relation to water resources development scheme. PMID- 7344113 TI - Prealbumin, transferrin and two serum proteinase inhibitors in healthy Bangkok preschool children. PMID- 7344114 TI - Localized distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis among wild rat populations in Brisbane, Australia. PMID- 7344115 TI - Time of maximum colonisation by Vibrio cholerae El Tor in 5-6 day old mice as an experimental cholera model. PMID- 7344116 TI - Preliminary studies on the biology of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: life-cycle in an air-conditioned tropical laboratory. PMID- 7344117 TI - The life-cycle of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides haemaphysaloides under laboratory conditions. PMID- 7344118 TI - Exoristobia philippinensis, a common parasitoid of synantrophic flies (Hymenoptera, encyrtidae). PMID- 7344119 TI - New hosts of Waltonella malayensis Petit and Yen, 1979. PMID- 7344120 TI - Ultrastructure of antibody-dependent cell-mediated destruction of Brugia malayi infective larvae in vitro. PMID- 7344121 TI - Studies on lupus nephritis. PMID- 7344122 TI - A clinical evaluation of arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint with the electric resectoscope. PMID- 7344123 TI - Immunogenetic studies of Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7344124 TI - Immunochemical properties of cryoproteins in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7344125 TI - A new model of experimental arthritis induced by an aqueous form of synthetic adjuvant in immunodeficient rate (SHR and nude rats). PMID- 7344126 TI - A new breed of mouse showing multiple osteochondral lesions--twy mouse. PMID- 7344127 TI - The effect of N-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-chloroanthranilic acid disodium salt (CCA) on spontaneous autoimmune disorders in MRL/l mice. PMID- 7344128 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease after breast augmentation which terminated in scleroderma kidney. An autopsy case report of human adjuvant disease. PMID- 7344129 TI - Polymyositis associated with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and glomerulonephritis. A report of two autopsy cases. PMID- 7344130 TI - Two cases of ascites due to lupus peritonitis. PMID- 7344131 TI - The Kodama-Yamamoto knee prosthesis, Its design and clinical result. PMID- 7344132 TI - A retrospective study on the cause of death, in Japan, of patients with gout. PMID- 7344133 TI - A longitudinal population survey of rheumatoid arthritis in a rural district in Wakayama. PMID- 7344134 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in Japan. PMID- 7344135 TI - Balneotherapy of chronic rheumatism currently being performed in Japan. PMID- 7344136 TI - Immunological studies on the nature of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis and leukopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7344137 TI - Basic and clinical studies on continuous cryofiltration. A new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7344138 TI - A study of essential fatty acid metabolism as a precursor of prostaglandin in collagen disease. PMID- 7344139 TI - Immunological studies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7344140 TI - Reconstruction following simple mastectomy versus reconstruction following subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 7344141 TI - Computerised tomography with pleurography: a new method of detecting traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 7344142 TI - Frey's syndrome: treatment by chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 7344143 TI - Blunt injury of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7344144 TI - Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy. A case report and review. PMID- 7344145 TI - Haemobilia following cholecystectomy. PMID- 7344146 TI - [Modern principles of public health]. PMID- 7344147 TI - [Health status of 12 centenarians in North Vietnam]. PMID- 7344148 TI - Development of the health care system in MPR. PMID- 7344149 TI - The influence of life conditions on the health status of the family. PMID- 7344151 TI - Mortality of medical men in the Hungary (1960-1964). PMID- 7344150 TI - Organizational levels of health and social care system. PMID- 7344152 TI - [Methodological aspects of prognosis for the development of scientific medical research]. PMID- 7344153 TI - Methodologically oriented teaching programme for medical and biological disciplines in the Institutes of Medicine. PMID- 7344154 TI - [Dying today]. PMID- 7344155 TI - The present situation and prospects of infantile prophylactic medical assistance in USSR. PMID- 7344156 TI - [Epidemiologic methods in analyzing and estimating population health status]. PMID- 7344157 TI - Situation and role of medical enterprises in the public health system supply. PMID- 7344158 TI - Multiple factors influence on morbidity among synthetic materials production workers. PMID- 7344159 TI - Analysis of the causes of increasing mortality of adult males in Poland. PMID- 7344160 TI - Consideration on the relation between the pharyngo-amygdalitis infections and the poststreptococcal joint, cardiac and renal affections in school children. PMID- 7344161 TI - A problem of public health. PMID- 7344162 TI - Understanding teamwork: another look at the concepts. AB - The interdisciplinary team is frequently utilized in the delivery of health care services. Considerable confusion surrounds the concept of teamwork. Three characteristics of teamwork are delineated to further the understanding of its structure and function. Integrative and coordinate teams are differentiated as models of practice. Implications for social work and nursing are highlighted. PMID- 7344163 TI - Leave means never having to say I quit. PMID- 7344164 TI - Performance appraisal in a hospital social service department. PMID- 7344165 TI - Social work role in research studies of families having hereditary cancer and pre cancer diagnoses. AB - The social worker's role in genetic counseling, both as member of a clinical team and investigator in research including family studies, is demonstrated through description of research studies of families having hereditary cancer and pre cancer diagnoses. Studies involve persons affected with a genetic disorder, those who are unaffected, healthy persons, all of whom may be asked to undergo uncomfortable and sometimes painful tests in order to increase scientific knowledge about a specific genetic disorder. Social work skill and knowledge, casework, interviewing techniques, understanding of the psychodynamics involved in persons with genetic disorders, ability to establish relationships with people, enabling patients to cope with their problems and interdisciplinary competence are all cared for in these projects. Additional qualifications can be acquired through courses in basic genetics and "on the job" training. The pursuit of scientific inquiry within the context of human values is shown as challenge and opportunity. PMID- 7344166 TI - Social workers as evaluators: case study of a program for consumer feedback in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7344168 TI - Stress identification for social workers in health care: a preventive approach to burn-out. AB - The primary goal of this paper is to present a paradigm for identifying specific stresses related to providing social services in health care settings that can then be the basis of a stress management program. The authors review the occupational stress literature, with special emphasis on two frameworks: James House' conceptual paradigm of the interactive perspective of stress and John Adams' typologies for the assessment of stress. The social work literature is also reviewed for the possible stressors specific to the social work profession. A new framework is presented and discussed that is ecological in nature and provides a basis for future social work stress research in health care. PMID- 7344167 TI - Group therapy by phone: a cognitive behavioral program for visually impaired elderly. PMID- 7344169 TI - Interaction of human blood platelet aggregation inhibitors with phospholipid films. PMID- 7344170 TI - Control of intravascular fibrin formation: heparin versus coumarin congeners. PMID- 7344171 TI - The importance of blood collection methods for assessment of platelet activation. PMID- 7344172 TI - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in fertile women with previous thromboembolic complications and effects of venous occlusion. PMID- 7344173 TI - Heterogeneity of purified human antithrombin-III. PMID- 7344174 TI - 3.8% sodium citrate (1:9) is an inadequate anticoagulant for rabbit blood with high calcium. PMID- 7344175 TI - Incidence of thrombosis in inherited antithrombin III deficiency. PMID- 7344176 TI - On the dynamics of HLA-A2 antigen-antibody complexes on the cell membrane of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A biochemical and electron microscopical autoradiographic study. AB - This report deals with some dynamic aspects of membrane bound immune complexes of HLA antigens and antibodies. Radiolabelled HLA antibodies were used to sensitize peripheral blood lymphocytes. Upon in vitro incubation of these cells, two different events were detected: 1) Immune complexes and a limited amount of free antibody were shed into the culture supernate; from the immune complexes specific antibodies could be regenerated. 2) Immune complexes were also internalized by means of endocytosis as visualized by electron microscopical autoradiography. Antibodies were found above dense bodies (lysosomes) and above multivesicular bodies. The results are discussed in relation to the biology of membrane bound HLA molecules. PMID- 7344177 TI - HLA profile of the Mexican Mestizo population. AB - The HLA-A, B and C profile of 665 Mexican Mestizos was studied by microcytotoxicity testing for 30 HLA specificities. Antigen, gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated, and results were compared to those of the three other series of HLA profiles in Mexican Mestizos available in the literature: one from Mexico-City, one from Los Angeles, California, USA, and a recent one from San Antonio, Texas, USA. Comparing the antigen frequencies of our series with those of the other study from Mexico-City, significant differences were only found in three antigens of the HLA-B locus. On the other hand, comparison of either series from Mexico-city with the Los Angeles or the San Antonio studies yielded discrepancies in several specificities of both HLA-A and B loci, most notably the consistent absence of A25 in Mexican Mestizos living in Mexico-City. The presence of this specificity in the Mexican Mestizo Population living in these two American cities could have resulted from input of Caucasian and Black genes over several generations. Differences in haplotype frequency were observed comparing the two series from Mexico-City and the series from San Antonio. Comparison of haplotype frequency with the Los Angeles series was not possible. PMID- 7344178 TI - HLA antigens and HBV infection: evaluation in the chronic carrier state and in a large family. AB - HLA antigens were determined in 65 apparently well chronic carriers of HBsAg, in race-matched controls and in 42 members of a family with a high frequency of hepatitis B virus infection. The only apparent significant association in the chronic carriers was negative, i.e., no HLA-B7 specificities were found among whites. B7 may confer resistance for whites to chronic infection with hepatitis B. In the family neither active (HBsAg) nor prior (anti-HBs) hepatitis B infection was associated with HLA specificities. HLA antigens in this family failed to provide a clue to the genetics of hepatitis B infection. PMID- 7344179 TI - HLA and venous thromboembolism. PMID- 7344180 TI - HLA antigens and affective illness. AB - HLA-A and B locus antigens were determined in 96 affectively ill persons including 25 unipolar and 47 bipolar patients. The frequency of HLA-A28 is higher than in controls in each patient group. HLA-Bw16 is present with an elevated frequency among the unipolar patients. These differences are no longer significant when corrected for the number of antigens tested. The literature on HLA antigens in affective illnesses is reviewed and possible reasons for the seemingly conflicting results found to date are briefly discussed. PMID- 7344181 TI - A hybridoma monoclonal antibody which reacts with cells carrying the HLA-A2 antigen: evidence for heterogeneity in the expression of HLA-A2. AB - A monoclonal antibody, FMC 5, has been prepared against human lymphocytes and its reactivity examined. FMC 5 behaves, for the most part, as an anti-HLA-A2 typing serum. However, three small groups of discrepant types were identified, and each provides additional insight into the complexity of the MHC antigens. A small number (5/60) of donors typed as HLA-A2 did not react with FMC 5. A further group (6/35) were HLA-A2 and did react with FMC 5, but lysis was always incomplete in this group. Finally, 13/39 non-A2 donors gave various degrees of reactivity with FMC 5. Lysis in this group was usually incomplete and required a high antibody concentration. PMID- 7344182 TI - Measuring the strength of associations between HLA antigens and diseases. AB - The strength of the population association between an antigen and a disease can be estimated not only by the relative risk value, but also by what variously has been called the population attributable risk and the etiologic fraction. This alternative measure has certain advantages if the association is due to linkage disequilibrium between the antigen allele and a "disease" allele at a closely linked "disease susceptibility" locus. In particular, it can then be used to determine which of many antigens associated with the same disease has the strongest association from a genetical point of view. PMID- 7344183 TI - The persistence of Cytoecetes ondiri in naturally infected bushbuck. PMID- 7344185 TI - Mycoplasma species bovine serogroup 7 (Leach) from a calf. PMID- 7344184 TI - Experimental infection of the African buffalo with the virus of Rift Valley fever. PMID- 7344186 TI - Salmonella in livestock and animal by-products in Ethiopia. AB - Samples derived from farm livestock, an abattoir and a bone factory, were examined for salmonella. Twenty-seven serotypes were detected in 130 infected samples. A bone factory product was heavily infected. Salmonellosis is considered to be an important disease of dromedary calves and poultry in Ethiopia. PMID- 7344187 TI - Some production traits of the West African Dwarf goat. AB - A study of West African Dwarf goats over a 5 year period indicated that these animals are not seasonal breeders but kid throughout the year. Sixty-five per cent of does kidded twice a year and multiple births accounted for 59% of all births. Seventy-two per cent of all deaths were of kids under 3 months of age. Pneumonia and starvation were the main causes of death. It is suggested that this is potentially a prolific breed which with proper husbandry and selection could help to meet the need for animal protein in sub-Saharan West Africa. PMID- 7344188 TI - Attempted immunisation of calves against infection with the cysticercus stage of Taenia saginata. PMID- 7344189 TI - Haemoglobin polymorphism and resistance to helminths in Red Sokoto goats. AB - Haemoglobin variants were studied in a population of 104 Red Sokoto goats of over 1 year of age and in 49 kids. Three haemoglobin variants and 5 phenotypes were detected. The observed proportions of haemoglobin phenotypes in animals over 1 year of age differed from the expected numbers calculated on the basis of genetic equilibrium, while in kids there was good agreement between observed and expected values. There were significant differences in helminth egg counts among haemoglobin phenotypes. The heterozygotes had significantly lower egg counts than homozygotes. It is postulated that the discrepancy in the observed ratios of haemoglobin phenotypes of the older group was probably due to the differential susceptibility to helminth infection. PMID- 7344190 TI - Toxoplasma infection and abortion in dairy goats. AB - Serological investigation by the indirect haemagglutination test for Toxoplasma antibodies was carried out in a flock of dairy goats. Antibody titres ranging from 1:4 to 1:1,024 were found in 34% of 371 apparently healthy animals. High antibody titres of 1:256 suggestive of recent infection were noted in 18(4.9%) animals including 13 nannies. The occurrence of a number of non-brucella abortions associated with high serological titres and the isolation of the parasite from the brain tissues of an aborted foetus suggested Toxoplasma as a probable aetiologic factor. Sera having significantly levels of haemagglutinating antibodies (greater than or equal to 1:128) were also found positive to the card agglutination test. Epidemiological aspects and the public health potential of subclinical toxoplasmosis in dairy goats are discussed. PMID- 7344191 TI - Antibody formation to Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in calves in Bolivia. PMID- 7344192 TI - Serum copper levels of cattle in El Salvador. PMID- 7344193 TI - [Simple goiter: incidence and biological evaluation]. PMID- 7344194 TI - [The Ender nails in trochanteric fractures in elderly subjects]. PMID- 7344195 TI - [Hyperuricemia during treatment with diuretics]. PMID- 7344196 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy in Tunisia. Apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 7344198 TI - [Prevention of postoperative infections. Our experience at the Surgical Service of the Charles Nicolle Hospital]. PMID- 7344197 TI - [Work load for a health team caring for a population 0-6 years of age in an urban center in Cape Bon]. PMID- 7344199 TI - [Anatomo-clinical forms of cutaneous epitheliomas in Tunisia (apropos of 310 cases)]. PMID- 7344200 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7344202 TI - [Distal tubular acidosis and renal lithiasis]. PMID- 7344203 TI - Hypertension: a current evaluation. PMID- 7344201 TI - [Doxycycline in pleuro-pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7344204 TI - Renovascular hypertension: surgical treatment. AB - Renovascular occlusive disease is a common form of surgically remediable secondary hypertension. Operative options include: Bypass grafts, ex vivo reconstructions, endarterectomy, and transluminal dilation. Primary nephrectomy is undertaken only for irreparably diseased ischemic kidneys. Excellent results of surgical treatment reflect accurate identification of operative candidates and performance of appropriate operative procedures. Surgical benefits are more likely in pediatric patients and adults with fibrodysplastic or focal arteriosclerotic renovascular disease than in patients with clinically overt generalized arteriosclerosis. A review of 1631 renovascular hypertensive patients treated operatively documented a salutary outcome in 85-90% of patients. PMID- 7344206 TI - Renovascular hypertension: diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by digital video subtraction angiography. PMID- 7344205 TI - Limited use of hypertensive excretory urography. AB - Clinical experience indicates that hypertensive excretory urography is not a satisfactory screening examination to detect patients having hypertension due to renal artery stenosis. Review of the Cooperative Study data indicates the false negative rate for screening was 21.8%. In addition, the prevalence of hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis appears quite low, in the range of 1 3%. Since the objective is to identify patients who will benefit from surgery, clinical sorting strategy should focus on evaluating patients as surgical candidates, not as having the disease. Once that is done, pharmacodynamic renal arteriography is recommended as the first imaging examination to find the renal artery lesion and determine its hemodynamic significance. PMID- 7344207 TI - The role of the adrenal gland in hypertension. AB - The adrenal gland plays a unique role in the etiology of many forms of hypertension. Recognizable syndromes of adrenal gland disease in which hypertension is observed can be identified and localized to each of the functional and histologic divisions of the adrenal cortex and medulla. The diagnosis of the various syndromes of adrenal hormone excess is a critically important first step in the successful identification, localization, and treatment of adrenal gland disorders. PMID- 7344208 TI - Clinical and surgical aspects of adrenal causes of hypertension. PMID- 7344209 TI - Scintigraphic approach to the localization of adrenal lesions causing hypertension. PMID- 7344210 TI - Computed tomography of the adrenal gland in hypertension. PMID- 7344211 TI - Current role of angiography in the evaluation of adrenal disease causing hypertension. PMID- 7344212 TI - Clinical aspects of nonvascular renal causes of hypertension. PMID- 7344214 TI - Renal angiography in the evaluation of renal parenchymal, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases causing secondary hypertension. PMID- 7344213 TI - Computerized tomography of nonvascular causes of renal hypertension. PMID- 7344215 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 7344216 TI - Hemodynamic sequelae of regression of experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 7344217 TI - Inhibition of myocardial lysophosphatidyl choline transacylase by palmitoyl carnitine: implications for arrhythmogenesis. PMID- 7344218 TI - Expression of lysophospholipase activity by intact human eosinophils and their Charcot-Leyden crystals. PMID- 7344219 TI - Placental inner ring iodothyronine deiodination: a mechanism for decreased passage of T4 and T3 from mother to fetus. PMID- 7344220 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of a familial form of renal amyloidosis. PMID- 7344221 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to human breast cancer cells. PMID- 7344222 TI - An aldosterone stimulating agent: a novel human pituitary hormone from pro opiomelanocortin. PMID- 7344223 TI - Catabolism of alpha2-and beta-very low density lipoproteins in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. PMID- 7344224 TI - Genital mycoplasmas as a cause of excess premature delivery. PMID- 7344225 TI - Ultrastructure of the initial stages of hepatic perivenular fibrosis after alcohol. PMID- 7344226 TI - Influence of therapy on causes of death in polycythemia vera. PMID- 7344227 TI - Myocardium salvaged by coronary artery reperfusion responds appropriately to cardiovascular stress. PMID- 7344228 TI - Neutrophils generate phosphatidic acid, an "endogenous calcium ionophore" before releasing mediators of inflammation. PMID- 7344229 TI - Characterization of the cell population mediating cytotoxicity and emperipolesis in human malignant melanomas. PMID- 7344230 TI - Fractionated total lymphoid irradiation can induce temporary relief in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7344231 TI - The effector limb of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. PMID- 7344232 TI - Isolation and partial purification of a putative coupling factor from human bone. PMID- 7344234 TI - Increased estrogen synthesis in the Sebright bantam is due to a mutation that causes increased aromatase activity. PMID- 7344235 TI - Symposium on herd health management - dairy cow. PMID- 7344233 TI - Beta thalassemia in Sardinia in the result of a nonsense mutation. PMID- 7344236 TI - Management of herd health programs in midwestern dairies. PMID- 7344237 TI - Management problems of large dairies. PMID- 7344238 TI - Assistance programs in nutrition management for dairy farms. AB - Successful veterinary nutrition programs have evolved over the years from little more than the use of a specific product to a ration formulation service to today's total nutritional management assistance program. A dedication to providing this total service, merged with technical help from outside consultants and sealed with experience, yields a package that is indeed valuable to the dairyman. A common thread among successful herd management assistance veterinarians is their willingness to spend time with their clients in discussing all of these areas as well as others not covered. Clients are quite willing to pay for this total service. They are not willing to pay for fragments of the total package. The dilemma of many practitioners is the fact that they do not seen to have enough time to devote to this type of program, even thought they realize they should be providing it. The poultry (and, to some extent, swine)industry faced this dilemma in past years. The unfortunate results were that very few veterinarians are now intimately involved. Dairymen are going to purchase a total service from someone in the future. No one is in a better position to offer this than the local practitioner. PMID- 7344239 TI - The economics of herd health programs. PMID- 7344240 TI - Preventive medicine for some economically important bovine virus diseases. PMID- 7344241 TI - Embryo transfer for the bovine practitioner. PMID- 7344242 TI - Management of calf herd programs. PMID- 7344243 TI - Mastitis in dairy cows. AB - No disease in dairy cattle is affected more by total management than is the level of mastitis. The maintenance of a sanitary, comfortable environment and the execution of proper milking procedures used with properly functioning milking machines are all important in reducing and maintaining a low level of new infection in a herd. When these items are executed properly, along with a successful dry-cow treatment program, mastitis can be maintained at a level that is no longer of economic importance. PMID- 7344244 TI - Computers in veterinary medicine. AB - The use of computers by veterinarians is certainly on the increase. As we move from an era of nonavailability of appropriate software into and era of numerous programs being available, it becomes important to be able to evaluate this software. Veterinarians should first decide what functions they want a computer to accomplish for them. Ease of use is critical since often people who are not computer-oriented will be operating the system. The suppliers of software should be very familiar with the veterinary profession and the special needs it presents. Finally do not accept an answer like "that cannot be done on the computer. "Usually, this is and excuse offered when the supplier means that his software cannot do what you want. PMID- 7344245 TI - Nephritis and hemolytic anemia in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - The two most common diseases of captive owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) are hemolytic anemia and glomerulonephritis. The anemia is characterized by total red blood cell counts between 0.45 and 3.44 x 10(6) microliters, hemoglobin values as low as 1.0 g/dl, and many circulating nucleated red blood cells. Centrilobular necrosis in the liver, extramedullary hematopoiesis in liver and spleen, and hemoglobin casts in kidney tubules are prominent histologic features. Hemosiderin and lipofuscin often are found in liver, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes. Microthrombi and microinfarcts sometimes are scattered throughout the brain. Glomerular lesions in Aotus have been described previously and are characterized by increased numbers of mesangial cells and matrix, glomerulosclerosis and electron dense deposits in basement membranes. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils frequently are present in the interstitium. In the early stages the cellular infiltrate is periglomerular. The foci then grow to encompass adjacent glomeruli and tubules. Finally, large portions of the kidney are affected and connective tissue proliferates. The incidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver correlated significantly with that of interstitial nephritis (0.001 less than p less than 0.01) but not with glomerular lesions. The two kidney lesions, glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis correlated strongly in incidence. They also found with equal frequency in 87 monkeys with clinical evidence of anemia. This analysis indicates that there may be no common pathogenesis of the hematologic and renal abnormalities as seen in certain autoimmune diseases. However, there could be complex interactions between two or more disease mechanisms that account for the various manifestations of disease. PMID- 7344246 TI - Renal disease in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Renal lithiasis, pyelonephritis, and glomerulonephritis were common in our colony of Brazilian phenotype squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), with glomerulonephritis being a major cause of mortality in adult animals. Squirrel monkey glomerulonephritis was divided into four major classifications, based on light and electron microscopy, similar to those of man: focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, and a combination of membranoproliferative and membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7344247 TI - Renal pathology in captive baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - Baboons, unlike many other species of nonhuman primates rarely have spontaneous renal diseases of clinical or morphologic significance. The most common renal lesions in captive baboons were minor interstitial lymphoreticular infiltrates and hyalinization of occasional glomeruli. Embolic pyelonephritis associated with septicemia contributed to the deaths of several young baboons. One adult male had acute myoglobinuric nephrosis (Meyer-Betz disease) with extensive skeletal muscle necrosis. PMID- 7344248 TI - Renal pathology of catheterized baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - Renal disease was found at necropsy in 27 of 60 catheterized baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Primary diagnoses were infarcts in eight baboons, septic embolic nephritis in four, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 15. Infarcts and septic embolic nephritis are multifocal renal diseases; mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is diffuse, progressive and often accompanied by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia (less than 3 g/dl), and generalized edema. Five of the 15 baboons with glomerulonephritis also developed uremia and died of renal failure. Ten baboons with glomerulonephritis were given microbiological examination during their clinical course. Bacteria were isolated from the peripheral blood of eight baboons and from the catheter itself in two. The organisms isolated (in decreasing order of frequency) were Herellea sp., Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Providencia sp. Prospective immunofluorescence studies were done on frozen sections from six catheterized baboons with glomerulonephritis and two uncatheterized controls. There were granular deposits of IgG in all six, IgM in five, C3 in four, and IgA and C4 in two. In the controls, only trace amounts of IgM were seen in one animal. The amount of IgG deposited in th glomeruli correlated with the severity of the glomerulonephritis. Bacterial antigens were found by immunofluorescence in glomeruli of three of five baboons examined. Glomerulonephritis in these baboons seems to be immunologically mediated, and in origin, pathogenesis and morphologic expression resembles shunt nephritis in humans with infected indwelling shunts and catheters. PMID- 7344249 TI - Glomerular disease in captive galagos. AB - A captive colony of galagos that for several years lived under poor housing conditions and suffered a variety of chronic illnesses showed a high incidence of renal glomerular disease. Several patterns of glomerular disease were seen: four types of proliferative lesions included a mild stalk glomerulitis, more severe stalk-lobular proliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and diffuse proliferative and sclerotic glomerulonephritis; and a form of glomerular capillary basement membrane thickening. Glomerular localization of immunoglobulin and the third component of complement as well as some unusual ultrastructural observations in diffuse proliferative and sclerotic glomerulonephritis suggest an immunopathogenesis for this disease. PMID- 7344250 TI - Renal disease in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). AB - Spontaneous renal disease in the pigtailed macaque was evaluated in a prospective study of 20 apparently healthy monkeys that were killed and a retrospective study of 674 monkeys that died of spontaneous disease. Many apparently normal pigtailed macaques have a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis of slight to moderate severity. Deposition of immunoglobulin, particularly IgM, was common in renal glomeruli and did not seem to correlate with renal disease. Glomerulonephritis was found in 14% of the adult monkeys that died of spontaneous disease; in 4.2% it was severe enough to have caused renal failure. Tubular nephrosis was the most common renal lesion (22.6% of adults) and was usually a nephrotoxicity resulting from treatment of diarrhea with nephrotoxic antibiotics. Other lesions found were incidental or were secondary to disease processes in other organs. Pigtailed macaques that have been in our colony at least six months have a higher incidence of renal disease than is reported elsewhere in Old World monkeys. PMID- 7344252 TI - Intravenous regional anaesthesia of the bovine foot. PMID- 7344251 TI - Spontaneous mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). AB - Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis was found in 28 of 113 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) that died in 1977. In five it was considered severe enough to cause significant renal dysfunction; in two of these it was the cause of death. The basic lesion was a proliferation of mesangial cells and deposition of mesangial matrix in the mesangial stalk, resulting in various degrees of stalk expansion and increased lobulation of the glomerular tuft. Preliminary immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies suggests the pathogenesis of the lesion may involve deposition of antigen-IgM immune complexes in the mesangial region. PMID- 7344253 TI - Liver biopsy of cattle. PMID- 7344254 TI - Laboratory aids to diagnosis in the horse. PMID- 7344255 TI - Preliminary observations on the use of a combination of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride in calves. AB - A combination of xylazine (0.2 mg/kg intramuscularly) and ketamine (5 mg/kg intravenously or 10 mg/kg intramuscularly) was used to anaesthetise 30 calves. The calves were divided into three groups. In group A, ketamine administered intravenously 10 minutes after xylazine gave approximately 20 minutes' anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was prolonged by halothane inhalation and recovery was rapid. The calves stood for 37.0 +/- 7.5 minutes (mean +/- sem) after the cessation of halothane administration. Ketamine was administered intramuscularly either 10 minutes after xylazine (group B) or simultaneously with the xylazine (group C). The duration of anaesthesia in group B was 23.5 +/- 1.8 minutes and in group C 37.0 +/- 3.4 minutes. Anaesthesia was prolonged in these animals by further injections of ketamine (5 mg/kg intramuscularly) when necessary. Recovery was slower in these calves with animals standing 85.0 +/- 10.8 minutes after the last injection of ketamine in group B and after 107.6 +/- 10.5 minutes in group C. Respiratory rates and pulse rates decreased after xylazine administration and then rose again once ketamine was given. The initial bradycardia was absent when the ketamine and xylazine were administered simultaneously. The duration of anaesthesia induced by the initial injection of ketamine in the calves in groups B and C appeared to be related to the age of the calf with duration decreasing with increasing age in calves from one to 10 weeks of age. Thereafter duration of anaesthesia appeared to be constant at about 23 minutes. The drug combination gave good muscle relaxation and recovery was smooth and uncomplicated. PMID- 7344256 TI - Three intersexual dogs. PMID- 7344257 TI - Hardened calcined magnesite-molasses block for preventing hypomagnesaemia in beef cows. PMID- 7344258 TI - Distribution of ureaplasmas in the urogenital tract of ewes. PMID- 7344259 TI - Infectious stunting of chickens. PMID- 7344260 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy. PMID- 7344261 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation in swine dysentery. AB - In lymphocyte stimulation studies of pigs affected with swine dysentery (SD) all of the pigs gave significant response (P less than 0.05) to soluble antigen from Treponema hyodysenteriae. Swine infected with virulent or attenuated T. hyodysenteriae gave significant lymphocytic response 3 or 6 weeks after infection; uninfected pigs did not give a similar lymphocytic response. The delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin test, in which soluble T. hyodysenteriae antigen preparation was used, detected only 3 out of 14 SD-affected swine. The lymphocyte stimulation assay by detection of protein synthesis may offer a rapid, reliable test for the diagnosis of SD within herds suspected of being affected. PMID- 7344262 TI - Investigation of some factors which influence the absorption of IgG by the neonatal piglet. PMID- 7344263 TI - A comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect haemagglutination technique applied to sera from cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata (Goeze, 1782). AB - The serological response of 6 calves to experimental oral infection with between 60,000 and 100,000 Taenia saginata eggs at 3-12 months of age was monitored by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the tanned cell indirect haemagglutination technique (IDH). A serum antibody response was detected by both techniques by 2-3 weeks post infection, rising to a plateau about 4-6 weeks post infection. The serum antibody levels began to decline by about 30 weeks post infection. Two uninfected control cattle gave negative reactions. In addition, the serological response of 5 calves which had received a dose of 10,000 T. saginata eggs at 2-3 days of age and then weekly serial doses of 500 eggs for 12 months thereafter, was compared with a similar group of 5 calves, which had received the single infection of 10,000 eggs at 2-3 days of age only. Calves in both groups developed an antibody response detectable by the ELISA technique whereas those in a group of 5 control calves did not show such a response. When studied individually however there was marked variation in the serum antibody levels of these young cattle, as although some calves gave a relatively strong serological response, others hardly varied from the controls. PMID- 7344264 TI - A simple procedure to obtain continuous cell lines from bovine peripheral blood leucocytes. AB - A method is described by which cell lines can be readily developed from bovine peripheral leucocytes. Fifteen cell lines have been developed from 25 attempts, passage levels up to 60 being reached. The cell lines are aneuploid and predominantly epithelial, show split ratio capabilities of 1:4 to give monolayers with 5 days of routine passage, and have high resistance to laboratory contamination with bacterial and fungal agents. Data are given concerning establishment, morphology, viral susceptibility and chromosomal counts of established cell lines. PMID- 7344265 TI - Genetic studies on the in vitro PHA-transformation of porcine blood lymphocytes. AB - The response of pig peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was studied by a whole blood technique. The material for study comprised 441 offspring from one generation of a randomly mated Danish Landrace pig herd. The pigs were blood-sampled at a weight of 90 kg. After correlation for influence from other blood cells and for seasonal variation, the heritability of the PHA stimulation responses at different PHA concentrations were estimated. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.15 to 0.53. Also the PHA concentration giving maximum stimulation response, as calculated by a dose response function, was found to vary depending on genetic variation among the pigs with an estimated heritability of 0.38. PMID- 7344267 TI - Evaluation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. AB - Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of cattle. Five in vitro procedures were utilized to evaluate PMN function: 1) Random migration under agarose, 2) Ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine labeled Staphylococcus aureus, 3) Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, 4) Chemiluminescence and 5) Iodination. Normal values for bovine PMNs are reported and interpretation of results is discussed. The PMN function tests were designed so that all 5 procedures may be performed in a short period of time on the same cell preparation. This allows for the detection and partial characterization of a potential PMN dysfunction. PMID- 7344266 TI - Bovine babesiosis: the immunization of cattle with fractions of erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis (syn B. argentina). AB - Soluble antigen which protected susceptible cattle against challenge with Babesia bovis was extracted from B. bovis-infected erythrocytes by sonic disintegration and separation of the soluble from the insoluble matter by ultracentrifugation. The material was then fractionated by the precipitation of fibrinogen-like proteins. The precipitate contained the babesial antigens that were located on the stroma of the infected erythrocytes. Antigen originally located on the parasite remained in solution. Both fractions conferred protection on splenectomized calves against challenge with B. bovis. However, the fraction containing the parasite antigens appeared to have more potential for development as a killed vaccine because it was not heavily contaminated with antigenic material from bovine erythrocytes. PMID- 7344268 TI - Effect of neonatal thymectomy and antilymphocyte globulin on non-specific mitogen stimulation in Holstein-Friesian calves. AB - Nine of seventeen neonatal Holstein-Friesian calves were thymectomized, treated with antilymphocyte globulin, and monitored for immunologic functional ability for 4 to 6 months. The thymus weights for 4 to 10-day-old calves and 4 to 6-month old calves indicated a continued increase in total weight. This indicated significant thymic involution had not occurred at 4 to 6 months. Following thymectomy a wasting syndrome was not observed although an increased incidence of a lowly virulent virus infection did occur. A significant decrease in circulating lymphocytes was observed. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro by non-specific mitogens, phytohemagglutinin, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and pokeweed mitogen using the whole blood culture method. Observations included a greater response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen in summer months and variable age related response to all mitogens. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation results were inconclusive. It was concluded that neonatal thymectomy was not a satisfactory experimental procedure for the production of selective immunosuppression in the bovine species. PMID- 7344269 TI - Intestinal mast cell response in thymectomised and normal mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - In NIH mice, expulsion of Trichinella spiralis from the small intestine and increase in intestinal mast cells were each dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes. Both changes were deficient in thymectomised mice but could be largely restored by reconstitution of thymectomised mice with syngenetic mesenteric lymph node cells. In both NIH and BALB/C mice the majority of the increased number of mast cells occurred within the intestinal epithelium. In NIH mice increase in the number of intestinal mast cells coincided roughly with expulsion of the parasites. In BALB/C mice increase in the numbers of intestinal mast cells did not appear to be connected with the location or expulsion of parasites and it is concluded that mast cell proliferation, accumulation and discharge per se do not result in or from worm expulsion. PMID- 7344270 TI - The role of absorbed drug in the efficacy of oxfendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes. AB - Comparisons were made of the relative efficacy of ozfendazole (OFZ), administered to sheep at 5 mg/kg either as an oral drench, single intravenous injection or 12 and 24 divided intravenous injections over 24 and 48 hours, against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. A single intravenous injection was at least equally potent as the oral drench whilst the divided dose intravenous regimes significantly increased OFZ efficacy against both parasite species. These findings demonstrate that (i) absorbed drug is important for the efficacy of OFZ against nematodes in the abomasum and small intestine and may be more important than unabsorbed drug passing down the gastrointestinal tract, and (ii) the maintenance of plasma OFZ levels of approximately 2 micrograms/ml by divided dose regime increased efficacy compared with that achieved with the same total dose given as a single administration. PMID- 7344271 TI - Immunoglobulins, haemolytic complement and serum C3 in cattle infected with malignant catarrhal fever herpesvirus. AB - Serum levels of the third component of complement (C3) were reduced only in the terminal stages in malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus-infected steers. Haemolytic complement and immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2) levels were not altered. C3 and immunoglobulin deposits were also not demonstrated in the vascular lesions induced by MCFV. MCF virus infection of cattle is probably not a typical immune complex-mediated disease as previously suggested. PMID- 7344272 TI - Isolation of thermophilic campylobacters from two populations of dogs. AB - Faecal samples were collected from newly impounded stray dogs and from dogs presented to a clinic by their owners. The dogs were categorised as strays or pets and their faeces as formed or unformed. The faeces were examined bacteriologically. Campylobacters were significantly (P less than 0.01) more frequently isolated from the faeces of the stray dogs but there was no significant difference between the frequency of isolation of the organism from formed or unformed faeces. The significance of this finding in relation to public health and animal health is noted. PMID- 7344273 TI - Probable occurrence of IgE in the adult domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) after horse serum stimulation. AB - Radioimmunosorbent techniques using antisera to human immunoglobulin E (IgE) showed the presence of high levels (up to 15,840 U/ml) of IgE in serum and plasma from fowls immunised by repeated intraperitoneal injections of horse serum. These results were confirmed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and heat lability tests. PMID- 7344274 TI - Vaginal electrical resistance in cows: 1. Measurements in isolated reproductive tracts. PMID- 7344275 TI - Vaginal electrical resistance in cows: 2. Relationship to milk progesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle. AB - When the vaginal electrical resistance (VER) was measured in the anterior vagina in 4 cows during a total of 12 oestrous cycles, there was a close correlation between VER, milk progesterone levels and visual observations of oestrus. The cyclic changes in both VER and milk progesterone ceased in 2 cows which became pregnant during the study. In a pregnant cow, the VER was found to be constant both pre-partum and immediately post-partum. These results show that measurement of VER can be a useful aid in the confirmation of oestrus and suggest that the technique may also be applicable to the early diagnosis of pregnancy. PMID- 7344276 TI - Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle by measuring vaginal electrical resistance. AB - The results of early pregnancy diagnosis using a milk progesterone assay and a measurement of electrical resistance of the vaginal mucosa made on 135 dairy cows in two herds are compared. The tests were carried out on the day of insemination and 21 days later. Ninety-eight cows were diagnosed as pregnant by both tests. Of these, 92 calved and there were 6 cases of suspected embryonic mortality. Thirty animals were diagnosed as non-pregnant by both tests and none calved. One cow, diagnosed as non-pregnant by the vaginal electrical resistance method, calved later. Of the remaining 6 cows, 4 had extended post-parturition anoestrus, one had cystic ovarian disease and another had a long oestrus cycle. The results of this study suggest that measurements of the electrical resistance of the vaginal mucosa in dairy cows may have a part to play in on-farm pregnancy diagnosis. PMID- 7344277 TI - [Use of the leaves of the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) in the feeding of the silkworm Bombyx mori L]. AB - Experiments were carried out with eggs of Bombyx mori of the J--124xC--122 hybrid, imported from Japan. Tested was the feeding of the silkworm moth on leaves of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) up to the end of the III instar. Feeding was also carried out with dandelion leaves up to the end of the IV instar, which, immediately prior to offering to the moths were sprinkled with water solutions of flurazolidon, 1.5 per cent, chloramphenicol with propylen glycol (5%)--50 cm3 each/1 of water or nalidixic acid, 2.5 per cent. The effect was studied of the antibacterial preparations applied to every kind of feed on the amount of microflora in the alimentary tract. It was found that moths given dandelion leaves reached the III instar, however, there was a very early manifestation of spontaneous nuclear polyhedrosis and bacterial infections of the alimentary tract. The addition of antibacterial preparations reduced the outbreaks of the two diseases and the microflora in silkmoths. Discussed is the possibility of the wide use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the prevention of these diseases. PMID- 7344278 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in African swine fever in an African country]. AB - Studies were carried out on morphologic changes in 27 pigs experimentally infected with a virulent virus of the African swine fever and in 61 pigs that has spontaneously developed the acute form of the disease. A description and 11 colour plates are given of the characteristic gross and microscopic lesions, consisting of strongly mainfested hemorrhagic diathesis, two-to fourfold enlargement of the spleen, and two-to threefold enlargement of the stomach, liver, mesenterial, kidney, and sternal lymph nodes. The digestive tract was shown to be thoroughly involved, most pronounced being the changes in the stomach and the large intestine. It was demonstrated that the basic histologic changes were localized in the central lymphoreticular system--spleen and lymph nodes, consisting in dystrophic and necrotic lesions of the lymphocytes (karyorrhexis and karyopycnosis), the reticular cells, and the cell elements of the blood vessels. A comparison is made with the morphologic changes in the case of classic swine fever, stating the most essential differences between the lesions in the two forms of the disease. PMID- 7344279 TI - [Free amino acid content of the rumen juice of pregnant ewes subjected to oral DL methionine]. PMID- 7344280 TI - [Relation between the dietary proteins in animal feed and agglutinin formation in chickens infected with Salmonella gallinarum pullorum]. AB - Experiments were carried out with birds of the Leghorn and Cornish breeds, aged 2, 45, and 120 days and divided into two groups: I--birds given standard mixtures, and II--birds fed mixtures with a higher content of proteins. Both groups were infected with Salmonella gallinarum pullorum. At given intervals of time after that the chickens were bled, and their agglutinin titer was determined by the agglutination reaction. It was found that agglutinin production in all birds correlated with the amount of proteins in the feed. Lower amounts of proteins in the diet led to delayed agglutinin production in the infected birds. The agglutinin titers were shown to be considerably lower than those in birds given a normal ration. This was better expressed with Cornish birds. Birds at the age of 45 days proved to particularly sensitive to the fluctuations in the level of dietary proteins. PMID- 7344281 TI - [Comparative study of the assimilation of phosphorus from monosodium and dicalcium phosphate in piglets]. AB - Experiments were carried out with 6 pigs to study the assimilation of phosphorus of monosodium (NaH2PO4) and dicalcium (CaHPO4) 32P-labelled phosphate. A group of 3 pigs was given monosodium phosphate, and another goup of 3 pigs--dicalcium phosphate. Each pig was given 32P orally, once, at the rate of 20 microCi per kg body weight. A pig of each group was killed on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th day following the administration of 32P. It was found that 32P of NaH2PO4 and CaHPO4 was eliminated mainly with the feces and mostly during the first 48-72 hours after treatment. The total amount of 32P retained in the body of those of the animals that were given CaHPO4 was comparatively higher (89.45-66.80 per cent) than that n the pigs given NaH2PO4 (87.31-52.56 per cent). The percent of 32P retained in the femoral bones and the investigated organs proved higher in the animals that were given monosodium phosphate (10.37-3.08; 24.63-7.15) than in those that were treated with dicalcium phosphate (8.88-3.63; 20.37-5.91). The higher percent of 32P retention in the pigs treated with monosodium phosphate concerned chiefly the gastrointestinal tract. Highest percent of retention in the investigated organs in both groups of animals was established in the small intestine (9.24-4.35 and 6.70-2.90), the liver (6.55-3.33 and 6.00-2.22), and the large intestine (4.50-1.25 and 2.06-0.70). The level of radioactivity of the blood was highest in the first 24 hours. It is concluded that P of monosodium and dicalcium phosphate is almost equally retained and assimilated in the body of pigs. PMID- 7344282 TI - [Metrifonate-induced congenital tremor in piglets]. AB - Congenital tremor was experimentally induced in pigs. Eight sows of the Comborough breed that had farrowed for the first time were used, having a good body condition and a liveweight of 115 to 120 kg. Other 96 sows of the same breed and body weight were used as controls. The test animals were given metrifonate orally in the prescribed therapeutic and prophylactic doses (50 mg/kg) four times during pregnancy. Both test and control sows were fed a standard mixture No 16 during pregnancy, and were vaccinated against swine fever, leptospirosis, Aujeszky's disease, and erysipelas. Congenital tremor was manifested in 42 out of 78 offsprings. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The induced congenital tremor was manifested morphologically by varying hypoplasia of the cerebellum. 2. The use of organic phospohrous compounds for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes should be reduced during pregnancy. 3. The induced congenital tremor in pigs clinically and morphologically similar to the spontaneous congenital tremor in these animals described previously by the same authors. PMID- 7344283 TI - [Effect of vitamin B1 and vitamin E on methionine poisoning in broiler chickens]. AB - An experiment was carried out with 100 broiler birds of the Leghorn breed, aged 20 days. The birds were divided into groups and were given various amounts of methionine--0,5, 2, and 3 per cent with the basic standard mixture. The clinical signs of methionine intoxication were followed up--drowsiness, weakness in the legs, opisthotonus, and twisting of the neck (torticollis) alons with the loss of equilibrium. It was found that with birds receiving 0.5 per cent methionine with the diet the amount of vitamins A, E, and B1 in the blood serum and the liver rose considerably, while with birds given 2 and 3 per cent methionine with the feed the amount of these vitamins dropped essentially. Therepeutic treatment with 3 mg of vitamin E and vitamin B1 each in the course of 4 to 6 days yielded a good effect. An improvement of the general condition and disappearance of the most typical symptoms of methionine intoxication were recorded. PMID- 7344284 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of mold isolated from corn silage]. AB - Tested for toxicity were a total of 48 strains of pure cultures of the fungi: Aspergillus flavus, As. fumigatus, Penicillium, F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, Tr. lignorum. The methods of dermal tests, chick embryos, and feeding of young birds were employed. It was found that through dermal tests ten strains of the following species proved toxic: As. fumigatus, As. flavus, F. moniliforme, F. garminearum, and Trichoderma lignorum. Toxic for chick embryos were 13 strains of the same species. When young chickens were fed moulded silage toxic proved As. flavus and F. moniliforme. Chick embryos showed highest sensitivity to mycotoxins. The toxicity of the investigated strains varied depending on the methods employed, however, it was manifested to a different extent with all three methods. PMID- 7344285 TI - [Carrier state and body distribution of Salmonella bacteria in healthy piglets and calves]. AB - Studies were carried out to establish the carrier status and the topographic distribution of Salmonella bacteria in the carcass and organs of healthy pigs and calves. A total of 3980 samples were subjected to investigation (m. gracilis, lymphonodus subilicus, lymphonodus praescapularis, lymphonodi mesenterici, liver bile duct, gallbladder, lymphonodi hepatici, and spleen and samples from caecum content taken from 560 slaughtered normal pigs), and a total of 2400 samples (m. gracilis, caput longum of m. triceps brachii, lymphonodus praescapularis, lymphonodus subilicus lymphonodi hepatic, lymphonodi mesenterici, gallbladder, spleen, heart, and kidney and samples from the caecum content taken from 200 slaughtered normal calves. The investigations were carried out with methods routinely employed in the microbiological science and practice with special reference to Salmonella bacteria. It was found that 4.29 per cent of the slaughtered healthy pigs were carriers of Salmonella organisms, 10 serotypes of the groups B, C1, C2, D and E1 of Salmonellae being isolated. Most frequently isolated serotypes in a descending order were: S. anatus, 7 strains; S. cholerae suis, 6 strains; S. derby, 5 strains; S. agona, 4 strains; S thompson and S. dublin, 2 strains; and S. essen, S. lille, S. kottbus, and S. enteritidis, 1 strain. The highest percent of Salmonellae in the slaughtered normal pigs was found in the caecum content (3,75%). No Salmonellae were found in the samples from the slaughtered 200 normal calves and the muscle and carcass lymph node a samples taken from the investigated 560 pigs. PMID- 7344286 TI - [Changes in the blood biochemical indices of lambs weaned at different ages]. AB - Studied were the changes in the Ca, P, Mg, total protein, and protein fractions in the blood serum, and the Na and K in the plasma and erythrocytes in three groups of lambs weaned on the 5th, 15th, and 20th day after birth. The changes in these indices both in the test and in the control lambs varied within the normal range for a given age. In the control lambs there were higher values of K, lower values of Na in the erythrocytes, and lower values of the blood sugar. Presumably, this was due to the adaptational changes in the animals in connection with the modified way of feeding. The conclusion was drawn that early weaning coupled with the use of the SEC Mlechna Promishlenost milk replacers could be introduced in the practice of lamb fattening. PMID- 7344287 TI - [Characteristics of a Salmonella abortus ovis allergen]. AB - Studies were carried out to obtain an allergen of Salmonella abortus ovis and establish its chemical composition and diagnostic value with guinea pigs and sheep infected with the same causative agent. It was found that the allergen produced contained a great amount of protein (75 per cent), an essentially low amount of sugars (11 per cent), and a negligible amount of total phosphorus (0.85 per cent). It was also established that the allergen did not induce the production of antibodies in rabbits following intravenous inoculation, and did not give any positive allergic reaction in normal guinea pigs after intradermal application. It was shown to have a high diagnostic value, detecting some 87 per cent of the infected guinea pigs and 85 per cent of the infected sheep. The allergen also showed high specificity - it did not induce a positive skin reaction in guinea pigs infected with Y. enterocoli type 9, E. coli, and S. cholerae suis. PMID- 7344288 TI - [Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis]. AB - Studied were a total of 450 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 60.2 per cent of which were sensitive to novobiocin, and 37.1 per cent were producing delta toxin, 35.2 per cent were yielding lysosime, and 27.8 per cent - fibrinolysin. As compared to staphylococci isolated from normal cows they showed higher protease, DN-ase, and lecitinase activity. A scheme is suggested for the differentiation of the coagulase-negative mastitis staphylococci, of primary importance being the evaluation of their virulence to chick embryos or cell cultures. PMID- 7344289 TI - [Microbiological studies of slaughterhouse broilers]. AB - Studied were a total of 187 broilers after the completion of their slaughter processing, with special reference to the correlation between the weight and the quality of the slaughtered birds and their bacterial contamination. It was found that with the increase in the weight of the slaughtered and processed broilers the total bacterial count with them progressively dropped. The quality of the slaughtered broilers was found to correlate with their bacterial contamination. Least contaminated were broilers of first quality, and the broilers of second quality and those that were not standard were 2.2 and 19.6 times more strongly contaminated, respectively. The microbiologic study of slaughtered broilers varying in weight and quality revealed that the count of coliforms was highest followed by that of the proteolytic organisms and staphylococci. PMID- 7344290 TI - [Effect of salinomycin on lambs for fattening]. AB - When applied to male Trakiiska tunkorounna lambs of initial weight 18.6 kg in the course of 90 days at concentrations of 6 g, 12 g, and 24 g per ton of forage slinomycin brought about a rise of liveweight and average weight gain in the treated animals (for the weight gain 12.2, 16.7, and 19.4 per cent, respectively, as against the controls). The conversion rate (intake per kilogram of weight gain) was by 9.7, 16.6, and 22.2 per cent, respectively, higher. The intake of forage progressively dropped when offering higher concentration of the antibiotic, particularly during the second half of the experimental period. Highest was the effect of adding 24 g salinomycin to a ton of forage. Salinomycin induced no essential changes in the slaughter indices and in the content of cyanocobalamin in the meat. However, cyancobalamin was found to be at a higher level in the liver. PMID- 7344291 TI - [Effect of different types of rations on the coefficients of digestibility in ewe lambs]. AB - Two groups of lambs (aged 2 weeks to 12 months and equalized in terms of age, breed, and liveweight) were given rations, differing in type as follows: the first group obtained concentrates which predominated in the ration (a 'concentrate' group), and the second one obtained mainly roughage in the ration (a 'hay' group). After the completion of one year of age three animals of each group were surgically treated so as to form duodenal anastomoses. Then the fistulated animals were used in balance and physiologic experiments. In one experiment each group was given the same (in structure) ration up to the age of one year. In a second experiment the rations of the groups were interchanged. It was found that the total coefficients of digestibility of the feed stuffs depended on the ration type, and the coefficients of digestibility with the dry matter, organic matter, crude proteins and fats, and mineral matter proved higher in the group that was given mainly concentrates. PMID- 7344292 TI - [Use of administrative and economic methods in managing veterinary affairs]. AB - The possibilities are stated of using the administrative and economic methods in the administration of the veterinary service. It is stressed that the two types of methods are applied in combination. Administrative methods are to be employed in the control of epizootics, including zoonoses, and in the veterinary and sanitary control, resp. surveillance and inspection. Both types of methods are equally referred to in the control of parasitic diseases with epizootic course of development as well as in the control of diseases caused by occasionally pathogenic organisms. The use of economic methods is prevailing in the control of noninfectious diseases, and in the administration of bioproduct and drug production. PMID- 7344293 TI - Plan and operation of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980. PMID- 7344294 TI - Partnership for health for all. Address to the WHO Regional Committee for South East Asia. PMID- 7344295 TI - Human experimentation and medical ethics. International guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. PMID- 7344296 TI - World drug problems and WHO's strategies. PMID- 7344298 TI - Animal diseases and primary health care: intersectoral challenges. PMID- 7344297 TI - The last developed countries: a substantial new programme of action for the 1980s. PMID- 7344299 TI - Echocardiography in medical practice in the Caribbean: part I. PMID- 7344300 TI - Mortality from thermal injuries at the University Hospital of the West Indies (1972-1976). PMID- 7344301 TI - The measurement of glycosylated haemoglobins by the cation exchange chromatographic method in subjects with abnormal haemoglobins. PMID- 7344302 TI - Crusted scabies in Jamaica. PMID- 7344303 TI - Growth, morbidity, and mortality in a cohort of Jamaican adolescents with homozygous sickle cell disease. PMID- 7344305 TI - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis at the University Hospital of the West Indies. PMID- 7344306 TI - Paratesticular neuroblastoma. PMID- 7344304 TI - Maternal respiratory function during pregnancy. PMID- 7344307 TI - [Adrenaline test: its practical application]. PMID- 7344308 TI - [Analysis of a patient group operated on for gangrenous appendicitis]. PMID- 7344309 TI - [Repeated laparotomy for peritoneal infection]. PMID- 7344310 TI - [Role of the kidneys in Schonlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 7344311 TI - [Schonlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 7344312 TI - [Complications of the surgical treatment of varicosities of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7344313 TI - [Case of Liebow's disease]. PMID- 7344314 TI - [Lung cancer clinically simulating esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7344316 TI - [Case of Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7344315 TI - [3 cases of Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 7344317 TI - [Trophic disorders of the hand as a complication of an internal arteriovenous fistula in a female patient on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7344318 TI - [Progressive normotensive hydrocephalus in adults (Hakim's syndrome)]. PMID- 7344320 TI - [Achievements of veterinary parasitology in the years 1976-1978]. PMID- 7344319 TI - [Achievements of medical parasitology in the years 1976-1978]. PMID- 7344322 TI - [Immune processes in the hosts]. PMID- 7344321 TI - [Metabolic adaptation between the host and the parasite]. PMID- 7344323 TI - [Compensation reactions of the hosts]. PMID- 7344324 TI - [Host-parasite relations: mechanisms for avoiding immune reactions in the host's body]. PMID- 7344325 TI - [Human digestive system as parasite's habitat]. PMID- 7344326 TI - [Coproscopic detection of human parasites]. PMID- 7344327 TI - [How should correct, coproscopic (larvoscopic) diagnosis of strongyloidiasis be conducted?]. PMID- 7344328 TI - [Remarks regarding helminthiasis of the tropical zone]. PMID- 7344329 TI - [Economic problems of veterinary parasitic diseases under conditions of current animal husbandry technology]. PMID- 7344331 TI - [Exposure to noise in agriculture]. PMID- 7344330 TI - [Problem of intestinal helminthiasis in large-scale sheep breeding]. PMID- 7344332 TI - [Stress in industrialized animal production - illustrated with studies of milking carrousels and milk-production systems]. PMID- 7344333 TI - [The law on environmental air in the USSR and future tasks for science and practical application]. PMID- 7344334 TI - [Refrigerators as safe shelters for the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)]. PMID- 7344335 TI - [Survival rate of Yersinia enterocolitica in different media]. PMID- 7344337 TI - [Results of testing biological preparation for mycoplasma during the years 1970 1979]. PMID- 7344336 TI - [Partial pressure of oxygen for detection of significant bacteriuria - screening of urine for investigation of cultures in bacteriological laboratories]. PMID- 7344338 TI - [Use of ethylene oxide and handling of ethylene oxide sterilizers]. PMID- 7344339 TI - [Aspects of subject-specific background in complaints about noise]. PMID- 7344340 TI - [Development of hygienic activity in Hungarian hospitals, current organization and problems]. PMID- 7344341 TI - [Training and education at the Department of Hygiene at the Medical Academy of the People's Republic of Poland]. PMID- 7344342 TI - [Medical sociology and health educational training of students at the Medical University Szeget]. PMID- 7344343 TI - [Supply and demand of beds in gynecology]. PMID- 7344344 TI - [Various aspects of the development of public health in the People's Republic of Angola since the country's independence]. PMID- 7344345 TI - [Primary prevention of functional disorders and mental abnormalities in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7344346 TI - [Qualitative thin layer chromatography as well as quantitative direct assessment of disinfectant solutions with active phenol action groups on ready-to-use foil in thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 7344347 TI - [Geriatric problems in rehabilitation]. PMID- 7344349 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of complex care in retirement and nursing homes]. PMID- 7344348 TI - [Leisure time and old age]. PMID- 7344350 TI - [Functional diagnostics in elderly patients]. PMID- 7344351 TI - [Rehabilitation of elderly patients with heart infarction - possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 7344352 TI - [Problems in the rehabilitation of cancer patients]. PMID- 7344353 TI - [Aspects of rehabilitation of mentally ill patients in old age]. PMID- 7344354 TI - [Rehabilitation of elderly patients in surgery]. PMID- 7344355 TI - [Operative and conservative possibilities for rehabilitation and social reintegration of ophthalmology patients in old age]. PMID- 7344356 TI - [Reconstructive and reintegrating therapy in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7344357 TI - [Health education and propaganda for senior citizens]. PMID- 7344358 TI - [Music therapy in geriatric rehabilitation]. PMID- 7344359 TI - [Structure and analysis of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of connective tissue]. PMID- 7344360 TI - [Metabolism and pathobiochemistry of proteoglycans]. PMID- 7344361 TI - [Polarization microscopy analysis of intercellular substances of connective tissue]. PMID- 7344362 TI - [Characteristics of connective tissue structures located in the anterior segment of the eye]. PMID- 7344363 TI - [Dysplastic collagen fibrils during structural changes in the vessel wall and connective tissue]. PMID- 7344365 TI - [Functional structure of the synovial membrane]. PMID- 7344364 TI - [Ultrastructure of the articular cartilage surface and its functional significance]. PMID- 7344366 TI - [Evolution of the structural and functional principles of vertebrate lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344367 TI - [Hierarchy of collagen structure]. PMID- 7344368 TI - [Development and aging of connective and supporting tissue]. PMID- 7344369 TI - [The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on the prognosis of surgically treated breast cancer (a study on 960 patients)]. PMID- 7344370 TI - [The sleeping pattern of the woman at various stages of life]. PMID- 7344371 TI - Self-care: towards fundamental changes in national strategies. PMID- 7344372 TI - Television in health promotion: evaluation of a national programme in Finland. PMID- 7344373 TI - Results of an experimental school-based health development programme in Australia. PMID- 7344374 TI - Impact of a national campaign on smoking attitudes and patterns in Austria. AB - Evaluation of the impact of a recent anti-smoking campaign in Austria has been made among representative samples of the population. The data show that the campaign had a widespread effect: 99% of those interviewed were aware of the campaign (83% referred to it spontaneously, and 15% on being questioned), and all Austrians knew the slogan, "Life without smoking can be just as nice!" (88% mentioned it spontaneously). Furthermore, some 66% of respondents knew the campaign's symbol. According to the results of this survey, the reduction in the number of smokers (34%) has been much greater than in 1979 when a similar survey indicated a decrease of 27%. Moreover, for the first time the number of women who smoke is diminishing. There also appears to be a trend towards smoking cigarettes with a low tar content. Finally, a considerable increase was recorded in the number of smokers who would like to quit. PMID- 7344375 TI - A diagnostic study of pregnancy experiences of married women in Iraq. AB - A pilot survey was recently undertaken among 301 married women below 50 years of age and having been pregnant at least once. These women lived in a rural environment: the first group in a peri-urban area which is developing rapidly, and the second in a traditional rural area. The survey elicited information on various aspects of the 1,476 pregnancies reported by the women in the sample, including infant mortality, complications in pregnancy, abortions, as well as the number of medical consultations. Data show that mother and child health services, on the whole, are not fully appreciated by mothers, who only visit the clinic when they have a problem. It is evident that health care is equated with curative treatment and that the positive dimensions of prevention and health maintenance are not properly perceived. The fact that in the more conservative areas 98.1% of births take place at home shows the existence of a traditional health system which is not sufficiently taken into account by health planners. In fact, local birth attendants and midwives represent for the health services untapped manpower which, if adequately trained, could help to eliminate the risks currently associated with home births. PMID- 7344376 TI - [Dangerous substances]. PMID- 7344377 TI - [Occupational cancer--measures for prevention and risk surveillance]. PMID- 7344378 TI - [Dangerous substances as evaluated by the legislative branch of the government]. PMID- 7344379 TI - [Effect of fluoride and its inorganic compounds on the worker and its monitoring]. PMID- 7344380 TI - [Tasks and goals of applied ergonomics]. PMID- 7344381 TI - Respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery. The incidence of chest X ray abnormalities, arterial hypoxemia and clinically recorded pulmonary complications. AB - The incidence of postoperative chest X-ray abnormalities, arterial hypoxemia and clinically recorded pulmonary complications was studied in fifty-two 40-75-year old men admitted for elective surgery for peptic ulcer or gallbladder disease. Twenty-eight (54%) patients had an abnormal chest X-ray and twenty-three (43%) arterial hypoxemia, whereas only four patients (8%) were identified with clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory complications. Forty-one patients (79%) were found with pulmonary complications by at least one of the three methods. Twelve patients had both an abnormal chest X-ray and arterial hypoxemia. Only two of these were identified with clinical signs indicating pulmonary complications. The great discrepancy between results based on clinical signs and symptoms noted in the patients' records and results based on postoperative chest X-ray and measurements of the arterial oxygen tension, respectively, should be of great importance when comparing the incidence of pulmonary complications after different forms of surgery and when assessing risk factors and clinical consequences of respiratory complications. PMID- 7344384 TI - The importance of elevated TSH in serum after subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. A five-year follow-up study. AB - 68 patients operated on for hyperthyroidism were observed regularly for 5 years after operation as regards the concentration of TSH in serum and the incidence of hypothyroidism and recurrent hyperthyroidism. 20 patients had elevated TSH 6 weeks after operation. 5 years later 9 of them had developed hypothyroidism, 6 had elevated TSH without clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism, while 5 were normal in all measured thyroid variables. 48 patients had normal TSH 6 weeks after operation. 5 years later 5 of them had developed a recurrence of hyperthyroidism, 4 had elevated TSH with no clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism, while the remaining 39 patients were euthyroid with normal thyroid variables. A scheme for follow-up of patients operated on for hyperthyroidism is proposed, with close follow-up of patients with elevated TSH soon after operation. PMID- 7344382 TI - Intestinal trauma, Analysis of 101 cases. AB - Intestinal injuries sustained by 101 Swedish patients during the period 1950-1979 are reviewed. The abdominal trauma was blunt in 78 cases and penetrating in 23. Small-bowel and mesenteric, but not large-bowel, injuries showed increasing frequency. This was associated with rising numbers of motorcar accidents. Injuries to other abdominal organs were found in 56 of the 101 patients, particularly in those with mesenteric or large-bowel trauma. Clear physical signs of intra-abdominal injury led to rapid surgical exploration in most cases, but some operations were performed after relatively long observation. Most injuries, including those in the colon, were treated with primary repair or resection. Decompressive colostomy or exteriorization were rarely performed. Deaths were mainly caused by other factors than the type of operation. The mortality rate (35%) was constant. PMID- 7344383 TI - Upper gastrointestinal trauma. Analysis of 45 cases of gastric, duodenal or pancreatic injury. AB - Injuries to the upper gastrointestinal tract occurring over a 30-year period in a geographically well defined region were analyzed. The incidence was low in comparison with other abdominal injuries, but duodenal and pancreatic injuries were increasingly common in the study's last decade. The stomach injuries were mainly caused by penetrating trauma. The duodenal and pancreatic injuries most commonly resulted from road-traffic accidents. Two duodenal injuries were overlooked at the initial exploration, in which the duodenum was incompletely exposed. Anastomotic insufficiency occurred in one of the three patients who underwent duodenal resection. Most of the pancreatic injuries were contusions that could be managed with drainage. The pancreas was severely damaged in five patients, all of whom had multiple intra-abdominal injuries. Three of the five patients died before or during operation. PMID- 7344385 TI - Serum gastrin and its response to secretin in hyperparathyroid patients. AB - In 36 patients with verified hyperparathyroidism (HPT), serum gastrin and its response to secretin was studied before and after parathyroidectomy. In most of the patients gastric secretion-basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO)--was also studied. Seventeen patients had increased serum gastrin values preoperatively and/or postoperatively. Most of the serum gastrin increases were moderate and all but one of the patients with values above 250 pmol/l had hypochlorhydria. Nine patients had a positive secretin test according to conventional criteria preoperatively or postoperatively, but showed no other signs suggestive of a gastrin-producing tumour. Most of the patients with a serum gastrin increase after injection of secretin had hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. The BAO/MAO ratio was less than 0.6 in all patients. The results of this study do not support the view that primary HPT is often associated with a gastrin producing tumour as part of a multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA type I), but indicate that the observed hypergastrinemia in HPT is almost exclusively related to hypo- or achlorhydria. The findings also give reason to doubt the value of the secretin test. PMID- 7344386 TI - Campylobacter enteritis mimicking acute abdominal emergency. AB - Among 81 hospitalized patients with enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni, abdominal pain was found to be an outstanding symptom, being observed in half the patients on admission. In 16 patients pain was the main reason for admission and in 5 prompted laparotomy. In 4 cases appendicitis was suspected, but in only 2 was slight inflammation seen; in 1 of these, however, the inflammation could not be verified by microscopic examination. One patient was operated on because of intestinal occlusion, presumably due to Campylobacter enteritis. In 10 further cases a surgeon was consulted because the abdominal pains were at first suspected to be due to cholecystitis, pancreatitis or other abdominal emergencies. Thus, acute phase of Campylobacter infection may mimick acute abdominal emergency. The diagnosis is sometimes hampered by the late onset of diarrhoea or even by its total absence, as well as by the usual presence of abdominal tenderness and severe abdominal pains. PMID- 7344387 TI - Stones or clots in the biliary tract. A diagnostic dilemma. AB - Clots, which not uncommonly form in the biliary tract, may cause diagnostic errors. They often result from minor hemobilia, small hemorrhages into the ducts, mostly occurring in connection with gallstone attacks or biliary surgery. Hemobilia may also, as hematuria and epistaxis, complicate anticoagulant therapy. The blood will generally flow inconspicuously into the intestine, and even if it coagulates, the clots tend to dissolve rapidly through the fibrinolytic activity of the bile. For various reasons they may occasionally escape dissolution and remain in the ducts. fibrin clots can also form in inflammatory biliary tract disease. Clots will easily be mistaken for gallstones and treated as such. Cases are presented which illustrate why they are so often overlooked or misinterpreted. Cholangiography may be of diagnostic help since the clots show certain characteristics, appearing as casts of the biliary tract, often adhering to the walls, sometimes with indistinct borderlines. During 1980 we performed 128 cholecystectomies for suspected gallstone disease. Common duct exploration was done in 18 because of contrast defects in the cholangiogram. In 15 cases these were due to gallstones, in 3--one out of six--they were caused by blood clots. The comparatively high frequency with which clot formation in the biliary tract is observed when attention is given to this possibility, compared to the number of misinterpretations that otherwise occur leads to the conclusion that common duct clots are more common and of greater significance than is generally assumed. PMID- 7344388 TI - Modified gastrointestinal reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenal resection with particular reference to the prevention of postoperative biliary and pancreatic fistulas. PMID- 7344389 TI - Long-term results of surgery for carcinoid tumours of the gastro-intestinal tract. AB - 54 patients were followed-up 1-22 years (median 11 years) after histological verification of a carcinoid tumour. four patients died before operation; 41 patients had their lesion in the appendix, 13 in different extra appendiceal sites in the gastrointestinal tract. There was a significant difference between the median ages and the mortality rates in the two groups. Only one patient with an appendiceal tumour died of his disease. Appendiceal carcinoid, even with local spreading to the serosa and local lymph nodes, seemed to be adequately treated by a simple appendectomy. Extensive surgery, following the principles of treatment for malignant tumours, should be undertaken, when spread to the caecum or ascending colon is present or when the tumour is of extra-appendiceal origin. PMID- 7344390 TI - Splenosis on the right kidney and the diaphragmatic surface following traumatic rupture of the spleen. AB - A case of an unusual location of splenosis is reported in a 30-year-old man who underwent autopsy after committing suicide. Twelve years before he was splenectomized after traumatic rupture of the spleen. At the postmortem examination splenosis was found on the right kidney and the diaphragmatic surface resembling hemangiomas. It is noteworthy that the patient had never experienced any severe infection after splenectomy, and the possible protective influence of splenosis is discussed in the light of our present knowledge of spleen function. PMID- 7344391 TI - Secondary calcified splenic cyst. Report of a case. PMID- 7344392 TI - Rupture of diaphragm. An unusual case of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, treated in the obstructive phase. PMID- 7344393 TI - Duplication cyst of the jejunum. Report of a case. AB - A 4-year-old boy presented with recurrent abdominal pain and melena. X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract and technetium scanning of the abdomen were normal. Laparotomy revealed a large duplication cyst in the proximal part of the jejunum. The cyst was intramesenteric and contained gastric mucosa with three peptic ulcers. The cyst was removed without bowel resection. PMID- 7344394 TI - Malignant aldosteronoma. A case report. PMID- 7344395 TI - Hernia through the foramen of Winslow. PMID- 7344396 TI - [Metabolic rate and energy balance of the armadillo Dasypus sabanicola (Mammalia Edentata) in captivity]. PMID- 7344397 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of fast and slow muscles of trained and rested cats. PMID- 7344398 TI - [Central deafness without aphasic disorders due to bilateral temporal lesion]. AB - The authors report the case of a 68 years-old man with two strokes with an interval of 12 years in each hemisphere. In the last one, the patient presented total and persistent central deafness without any aphasic disorders, except verbal comprehension interference due to the deafness. During the first weeks he also had complex auditory hallucinations. Computerized tomography showed alterations suggesting old bilateral temporal lobe infarctions. PMID- 7344399 TI - [Actinomycotic cerebral abscess. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of an actinomycotic brain abscess in an adult patient apparently free of systemic infection is presented. The rarity of this etiology of brain abscess is underlined. The patient was treated by complete surgical excision and prolonged antibiotic therapy with penicillin. The authors stress the importance of taking into account this infrequent cause of brain abscess, the necessity of radical surgical treatment followed by intensive, prolonged and adequate antibiotic therapy, as the only means of reducing the high mortality rate. PMID- 7344400 TI - Aneurysm clip testing meter. AB - The force that a vascular clip exerts when it is applied to a vessel is a critical factor in its safe and proper use. Permanent occlusion effected in the obliteration of aneurysms requires clip closure forces great enough to resist sliping, yet low enough not to damage the neck of the aneurysm. The authors consider the need for a device that can readily measure clip closing forces just prior to pre-surgical sterilization (immediately prior to implantation), and an instrument that meets that need is presented. PMID- 7344401 TI - Metrifonate and dichlorvos: theoretical and practical aspects. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, November 3-4, 1980. PMID- 7344402 TI - Clinical pharmacology of dichlorvos. AB - Polyvinyl resin formulation pellets (V-3 and V-12) containing dichlorvos were administered to male volunteers in single doses up to 32 mg/kg and repeated doses up to 16 mg/kg/day for up to three weeks. The cholinesterase activity depressions following single doses were dose related. Following multiple doses, the plasma cholinesterase activity was maximally depressed at all dose levels and the RBC cholinesterase activity depression was dose related. PMID- 7344403 TI - Studies of the mode of action of metrifonate and DDVP in schistosomes - cholinesterase activity and the hepatic shift. PMID- 7344404 TI - Therapeutic properties of metrifonate. AB - The chronology of the clinical trials with metrifonate is described: the first phase where independently of Bayer use was made of the veterinary product, the second phase representing the work done in collaboration with WHO to confirm the correct indication (schistosomiasis due to S. haematobium) and dosage schedule, and the third phase as from 1970 on about the use of the product in large groups of patients. The particular aspects of schistosomiasis are discussed, as well as the place of chemotherapy in antischistosomal projects. In this conjunction the snail control measures are mentioned. Mass treatment is described and the question is raised whether repeated administrations at half-yearly or yearly intervals are of value in decreasing the total egg output, thus lowering the possibilities of reinfection. PMID- 7344405 TI - Cultivation of schistosomes for chemotherapeutic studies. PMID- 7344406 TI - Metrifonate in schistosomiasis - therapy and prophylaxis. AB - The introduction and development of the organophosphorous drug metrifonate, first as an insecticide and then for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis, has followed an unusual course. In its most widely accepted treatment regimen it is safe, effective and apparently without significant side effects. These facts, together with its low cost and ease of dosing, lead to a field trial of its efficacy in the treatment and prevention of infection in children in an area of high S. haematobium and S. mansoni endemicity in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Three doses of 7.5 mg/kg b.wt. given at fortnightly intervals reduced significantly the infection rates and the egg counts in S. haematobium patients. Subsequent treatment at the same dose level but at intervals of four weeks maintained a low level of infection and of egg output. On the other hand infection rates and egg output rose in unprotected children. There was however no comparable effect on S. mansoni. Apart from the expected and previously reported drop in cholinesterase values there were no untoward side effects: the exact significance of the drop in cholinesterase values remains unclear. The implications of these results for the wide-scale use of metrifonate as a therapeutic and as a prophylactic for Schistosoma haematobium infection is discussed. PMID- 7344407 TI - Studies of metrifonate in onchocerciasis. AB - Metrifonate has been studied in the treatment of infections with Onchocerca volvulus in West Africa. In doses of 10 mg/kg daily for six days, metrifonate was effective against the microfilariae but produced unpleasant reactions due both to the death of the microfilariae and to the muscarinic effects of the drug. In a comparison of 10 mg/kg metrifonate, for 3 doses at 10 day intervals, with diethylcarbamazine (D.E.C.) in a total dose of 6.6 g, metrifonate was significantly less effective than D.E.C. in killing microfilariae but produced significantly fewer adverse effects. In a final study comparing metrifonate 10 mg/kg/day given for 3 or for 6 days there was little difference in their therapeutic effect. However, metrifonate 10 mg/kg given for 6 days produced more severe adverse reactions due largely to the muscarinic and nicotinic effects of acetylcholine and these effects were not prevented by the administration of belladonna alkaloids. Metrifonate 10 mg/kg given for 3 doses at 10 day intervals is effective in the treatment of onchocerciasis but is unlikely to replace diethylcarbamazine. Metrifonate has no action on the adult worms. PMID- 7344408 TI - Chronic toxicity of metrifonate. AB - From chronic toxicity studies with metrifonate (identical with trichlorfon) on different animal species, the following conclusion can be reached: 1. There is no conclusive evidence that trichlorfon has a carcinogenic effect. 2. There is no indication that trichlorfon has a significant cumulative toxic effect. 3. There is no confirmation that trichlorfon has a specific effect on liver, blood and haematopoietic organs. 4. The toxicological profile of trichlorfon in the chronic toxicity study consists, on the one hand, in a depression of cholinesterase activity whereby the different animal species differed in their sensitivity. In rats, cholinesterase activity was depressed in serum at dietary levels of 500 p.p.m. and above and also in erythrocytes at a dietary concentration of 1000 p.p.m. In dogs, cholinesterase activity was depressed in serum and erythrocytes at a dietary level of only 200 p.p.m. The Rhesus monkey seemingly is very sensitive because erythrocyte cholinesterase activity is possibly reduced at a daily dose of 0.2 mg/kg per os. On the other hand, induction of an inhibition of spermatogenesis in rats and dogs at a high dose level is discussed, an effect which seemingly is morphologically detectable but nonetheless seems not to affect function as animal experiments have demonstrated. PMID- 7344409 TI - Metrifonate and dichlorvos: cytogenetic investigations. AB - Contradictory results are found in the literature about the cytogenetical effects of dichlorvos and metrifonate in mammals whereas their chromosome breaking ability was demonstrated in plant and Drosophila cells. They were tested on both in vitro and in vivo cells for chromosome breakage. Dominant lethal mutations were also investigated in mouse as well as epidemiological studies in man. In our experiments on mouse bone marrow and testis, one acute dose was injected respectively: 10 mg/kg for dichlorvos and 100 mg/kg for metrifonate. These experiments failed to reveal any clastogenic effect in these test systems as well as in chronic treatments respectively 2 p.p.m./5 days a week for 7 weeks for dichlorvos and 0.5 p.p.m. 5 days a week for 7 weeks for metrifonate. In an investigation of dominant lethal mutations, dichlorvos did not enhance the frequency of dead embryos but the frequency of pre-implantation losses was significantly increased in two specific periods of the seven investigated. In the same test, metrifonate did not produce any effect. These data are compared with those obtained with trimethylphosphate and MMS taken as positive controls. These results will serve to reevaluate the cytogenetical risks of dichlorvos and metrifonate. PMID- 7344410 TI - Guanine N7-alkylation in mice in vivo by metrifonate - discussion of possible genotoxic risk in mammals. AB - Following intraperitoneal administration to male mice (strain AB Jena/Halle) of 14CH3-labelled metrifonate, 22 Ci/mol, in dosages of 0.48, 0.40 and 0.065 mmol/kg, DNA from liver and kidneys was analysed for 14C in N-7 methylguanine (7 MeG). The extent of methylation in liver was found to be maximal at 6 hrs after injection in amounts of 6-8 and 0.8 mumol 7-MeG/mol guanine for the high and the low dose, corresponding to a covalent binding index CBI 4-5. The half-life of excretion of 7-MeG was 5 hrs for the high and 15 hrs for the low dose. The extent of methylation at 0-6 of guanine was estimated to be around 0.002-0.01 mumol 0-6 MeG/mol guanine. Data from references concerning methyl methanesulfonate and dimethyl sulfate are compared with those of metrifonate and the genotoxic response of methylating and non-methylating metabolites is discussed. PMID- 7344411 TI - Alkylation of DNA by organophosphorus pesticides. AB - Methods for the detection of in vivo alkylation of nucleic acids are discussed. Alkylation of mammalian DNA at N-7 of guanine provides the most sensitive and least equivocal evidence of methylation by an exogenous chemical or its metabolite. No 7-methylguanine was detected in the combined DNA from the lungs, livers, hearts, brains, kidneys, testes and spleens from 20 rats exposed to 0.064 micrograms l-1 of [Me-14C]-dichlorvos at a specific radioactivity of 113 Ci mol-1 for 12 hrs. PMID- 7344412 TI - Alkylating properties of dichlorvos (DDVP). AB - Dichlorvos (DDVP) is a methylating agent. In DNA from mice given 1.9 x 10(-6) mol/kg of DDVP, a degree of alkylation of guanine-N-7 amounting to 8 x 10(-13) mol methyl per g DNA, was found. From this, a rate of clearance of 29 hr-1 was estimated. This value is in reasonable agreement with the value (55 hr-1), calculated from published data on the concentration over time of DDVP in the brain after injection of the compound in mice. Applying a risk estimation on humans exposed to DDVP, the genetic risk connected with the methylating activity of DDVP is low or very low. Comparing the mutagenic effectiveness of DDVP with that of methyl methanesulfonate, indicates that DDVP is more effective than expected from reaction kinetic data. The possible contribution of the dichloroacetaldehyde formed in vivo from DDVP has to be evaluated before a complete risk estimate can be made for DDVP. PMID- 7344413 TI - Factors modifying the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds including dichlorvos. AB - The effect of repetitive doses of organophosphorus agents in experimental animals has been studied. The cumulative LD50 dose depended upon the time interval between injections of toxic agent. From these data it was possible to obtain the rate of detoxification of these agents. In the case of soman and sarin TOCP pretreatment, an inhibitor of plasma aliesterase, modified both the acute LD50 and the rate of detoxification. The results therefore suggest that recovery of plasma aliesterase contributes to a large extent in detoxification of chronically administered soman and sarin. In contrast, tolerance to chronically administered dichlorvos can not be correlated to recovery of plasma aliesterase, but correlates well with a rapid spontaneous reactivation of acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 7344414 TI - Chemistry of metrifonate and dichlorvos. PMID- 7344415 TI - Esterases in schistosomes: reaction with substrates and inhibitors. AB - Studies were made (at 37 degrees, pH 7.6) on the interaction of some organophosphorus compounds and carboxylic acid esters with cholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7 and EC 3.1.1.8) and A-esterases (EC 3.1.1.2) in homogenates of Schistosoma mansoni (adults and cercariae) and Schistosoma haematobium (adults). The results are compared with those obtained from the same reactions in other parasitic helminths and in mammalian tissues. Metrifonate (0,0-dimethyl-2,2,2 trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate) does not seem to react with cholinesterases from parasites or mammals. Dichlorvos (0,0-dimethyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) is a phosphorylating inhibitor; the rate constants of inhibition of cholinesterases from schistosomes are in the order of 10(5) M-1 min.-1. Similar or lower rate constants (10(4) M-1 min.-1) are found for cholinesterase inhibition in other parasitic helminths and mammals. S. mansoni and S. haematobium hydrolyse carboxylic acid esters (10 mM) in decreasing order: phenylacetate (about 2 mumol per hour per mg protein), acetylthiocholine, propionylthiocholine, butyrylthiocholine. Dichlorvos (10 mM) is hydrolysed by S. mansoni and S. haematobium at about the same rate as by mammalian erythrocytes and human sera (about 10 mumol per hour per gram wet weight). Neither paraoxon (0,0-diethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate) nor methyl-paraoxon are hydrolysed by S. mansoni and S. haematobium, although both compounds are good substrates for mammalian A-esterases. The stability of metrifonate and dichlorvos in buffer solutions was also determined (at 37 degrees). Metrifonate is about equally stable in bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.6) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (t 1/2 = 1.5 and 2.6 hrs, respectively), while dichlorvos is considerably more stable in bicarbonate (t 1/2 = (36 hrs) than in phosphate buffer (t 1/2 = 2.9 hrs). PMID- 7344416 TI - Levels of metrifonate and dichlorvos in plasma and erythrocytes during treatment of schistosomiasis with Bilarcil. AB - A method for the simultaneous quantitation of metrifonate (0,0-dimethyl-(1 hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-phosphonate) and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, DDVP) in human blood has been worked out. It is based upon multiple labelling of the compounds with deuterium and gas phase analysis using the mass spectrometer as a selective detector. The amount of DDVP in plasma is about 1% of the amount of metrifonate. In erythrocytes the corresponding amount of DDVP is 0.5% or less of metrifonate. Both compounds reach peak levels in blood within two hours after oral dosing and are detectable for at least eight hours. Cholinesterase activity in plasma reaches zero levels within 15 min. and remains inhibited for more than eight hours. Red blood cell cholinesterase is inhibited only 60-80%. According to kinetic calculations, clearance of metrifonate occurs primarily via dichlorvos. If dichlorvos is the only active component, which in all likelihood it is, it's slow release may be important in the schistosomicidal effect. Clinical data in seven metrifonate treated patients revealed that mild vertigo subsiding in a few hours was the most common side effect. PMID- 7344417 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity - do trichlorphon and/or dichlorvos cause delayed neuropathy in man or in test animals? AB - Many, but not all, reports of delayed neuropathy associated with acute poisoning by trichlorphon refer to cases in U.S.S.R. Adulteration of technical trichlorphon with the ethyl analogue would greatly increase the neurotoxic hazard but analysis of a few samples has not revealed such impurities. Simultaneous ingestion of alcohol does not appear to increase neuropathic hazard. In hens double doses of trichlorphon each exceeding unprotected LD50 can produce moderate neuropathy associated with appropriately high inhibitions of neurotoxic esterase. Similar results are obtained with 2 doses of 10 x LD50 of dichlorvos. In vitro the inhibitory power of dichlorvos against neurotoxic esterase of hen brain is 0.02 x the power against acetylcholinesterase. This ratio correlates reasonably with the ratio of LD50/neuropathic dose. The factor for human brain enzymes is 0.06 suggesting that man is more susceptible to neuropathic effects of near-lethal doses of circulating dichlorvos. It is concluded that the only neuropathic hazard to man from good quality trichlorphon arises from rapid ingestion of massive doses. To obtain critical levels of inhibition of neurotoxic esterase and to cause neuropathy in man by repeated doses would require each dose to be severely toxic. Dichlorvos ingested in large doses is likely to kill rather than to cause neuropathy. PMID- 7344418 TI - Intraanalyzer conditioned reflex properties of two-way connections of cortical neurons in cats. AB - One of the principles in the formation of integrating activity of the brain appears to be a two-way character of neuronal connections. Forward and backward conditioned connections demonstrate the acquired properties of two-way relations in the cerebral cortex. Interneuronal cortical connections and their modification in conditioned reflex activity were studied in a alert cats with chronically implanted electrodes using a statistical method for analysis of two impulse flows. Multineuronal activity was recorded in the auditory cortex. All of the investigated neurons were divided into pairs according to their functional relations: (1) with two-way connections, (2) with one-way connections and (3) completely independent pairs. The functional interrelation in the cortical microarea, and between cortical microareas, were defined according to the space distribution of neuronal pairs. Elaboration of the motor conditioned reflex led to an intensification of two-way connections both in the cortical microarea and between remote neurons. Extinction of the conditioned reflex exerted almost no effect on the intensity of two-way connections, but considerably decreased the number of independent neuronal pairs at the expense of reduction in the number of one-way connections between cortical microareas. Thus, acquisition and extinction of the conditioned reflex were accompanied by intensive interconnected neuronal activity. The features of interneuronal connection properties during extinction inhibition were the attenuation of successive information transfer in cortical cells, which prevented the impulse activity from passing to effector pathways. PMID- 7344419 TI - Interanalyzer two-way neuronal connections during alimentary conditioning in cats. AB - Milk conditioned reflexes to low frequency electrostimulation of optic tracts was examined in four cats. Multineuronal activity from visual and sensorimotor cortical regions was recorded under conditions of chronic implantation. Intra- and interanalyzer interneuronal connections were statistically analyzed by constructing crosscorrelograms. The comparison of the results of interneuronal interaction in untrained and trained animals showed an increase of one-way and two-way connections both of intra- and interanalyzer types. Neurons characterized by intermediate amplitude spike, more than other neurons, changed their network properties and were enriched by incoming and outgoing connections in both visual and sensorimotor cortex of the trained animals. An increase in the total number of interneuronal connections after acquisition was due to an increase of connections from the sensorimotor to the visual analyzer. PMID- 7344421 TI - Role of limbic structures in individual characteristics of behavior. AB - The dogs with more frequent hippocampal theta-rhythm develop transswitching of food and defensive instrumental conditioned reflexes more rapidly and easily. Bilateral destructions of frontal regions of the neocortex and hippocampus in rats increased their reactivity to the aversive stimuli (intensive light and sound) and simultaneously decreased their sensitivity to the signals of defensive excitation ill the other animal. Bilateral damages of lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus equally increased the reactivity of rats to sound, light and cry of the partner. Confrontation of these results with the data obtained previously and those available in literature leads to the conclusion that individual features in the relation of "information system" (frontal neocortex and hippocampus) to "motivation system" (amygdala and hypothalamus) lie at the root of the extra intraversion parameter. The relationship of the "frontal neocortex ? hypothalamus" and "hippocampus ? amygdala" systems is reflected in the scale of neurotism (emotionality). The activity of the "hypothalamus-hippocampus" produces mobility or inertness. Various forms of disorders in the normal interaction of the four indicated brain structures apparently determine the main types of neurosis. PMID- 7344420 TI - Unconscious and conscious processes during visual perception. AB - Ongoing unconscious processes may be influenced by related conscious processes without self-awareness. (a) When the conscious semantic interpretation of physically identical shapes changes due to their angular rotation, the sequence of saccadic movements arid the localization of eye fixations over the shapes change as well. (b) The amplitude of the P 300 wave of visual evoked potentials is related to the conscious cognitive interpretation of identical stimuli. (c) The instants of figure reversals are influenced by conscious cognitive programs delineated by means of corresponding experimental instructions. It is assumed that unconscious and conscious processes may be considered functional manifestations of the same complex and specific neuronal network at different levels of its hierarchical organization and that mutual interactions between both types of processes do not require the existence of any mediating "interface" system. PMID- 7344422 TI - Developing concept of the gating mechanisms in pain perception. AB - A short review of the main trends in neurophysiological research of the gating mechanism of pain perception is presented. The original model of Melzack and Wall has been modified in two aspects. First - postsynaptic inhibition and increased concentration of potassium ions in the extracellular space play a role in the modulation of impulse transmission at the segmental level of the spinal cord. Second - serotoninergic descending pathways originating in the medial structures of the brain stem which are very sensitive to narcotics contribute to the modulation of synaptic transmission from nociceptors. PMID- 7344423 TI - Chronic pretrigeminal kitten. AB - In two kittens the brainstem was transected at the pretrigeminal level at the age of 11 days. The kittens were then observed for 79 and 51 days. As compared with control littermates, the weight of the transected brains was reduced by about 25 percent. As compared with the controls transected at the age of 2 or 3 months, as well as with previously described cats transected at adult age, the function of the caudal part of the kittens was much better. They showed some locomotion, drank and ate when the mouth was placed in contact with the milk or meat, rejected untasty food and showed satiation. On the other hand, the function of the isolated cerebrum was reduced as shown by only abortive ocular and EEG responses to visual stimuli. Thus, the pretrigeminal transection performed at an early period of life improves the development of the caudal part of preparation, but impairs that of the isolated cerebrum. PMID- 7344425 TI - The influence of changes of partners on the integration of the male-female set in rats. AB - Instrumental sexual responses were tested in two group; of rats. In Group 1 the subjects were tested with the same partners throughout the whole experiment, whereas in Group 2 the partners were changed every second week of experiment. The statistically significant positive correlations between the male and female response latencies were observed significantly more often in Group 1 than in Group 2, but only if the female partners were in estrous stage. It is suggested that mating with the same partner enhanced the degree of integration of the male female set in rats. PMID- 7344424 TI - Conditioned emotional response after dorsohippocampal, ventrohippocampal or entorhinal cortical lesions in rats. AB - Acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response (CER) was studied in 24 male hooded rats which, prior to training, received small electrolytical lesions in the dorsal hippocampus, the ventral hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, or were given sham operations. The rate of the on-going bar pressing behavior for food pellets was highest in rats with lesions in the ventral hippocampus and the lowest after lesions in the entorhinal cortex. CER acquisition was markedly retarded and suppression was the weakest only in rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions. When compared with the level of suppression established toward the end of training, the greatest resistance to extinction of the CER was observed after entorhinal cortical lesions. The results of the experiment indicate functional heterogenity of the hippocampal formation. PMID- 7344426 TI - Diminution of cortical visually evoked potentials during the following eye movement in the cat. AB - Six cats with brainstem transection at the pretrigeminal level were used. Visually evoked potentials (VEPs) to a diffused flash were recorded in the marginal, suprasylvian, ectosylvian and sigmoid gyri under three situations: the eyes were motionless in the position of rest, the eyes followed a moving object, and the eyes moved spontaneously. In the marginal and ectosylvian gyri the VEPs were smaller in the second situation, compared to the first and third. It is concluded that the VEP reduction is not produced by the eye-movement itself, but by the process of selective attention to the followed stimulus. PMID- 7344427 TI - [Congenital pachyonychia. Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome. 3 cases]. PMID- 7344428 TI - [Genital bowenoid papulosis. Review apropos of a case]. PMID- 7344429 TI - [Juvenile plantar dermatitis (dry feet syndrome)]. PMID- 7344430 TI - [Hypertrophic Darier's disease of unusual intensity. Enzymatic and ultrastructural study and therapeutic response]. PMID- 7344431 TI - [Buschke-Ollendorff Syndrome (connective tissue nevus and osteopoikilosis). Study of 7 familial cases]. PMID- 7344432 TI - [Inguinal granuloma. An autocthonous case in western Andalusia]. PMID- 7344433 TI - [Diagnostic ultrasonics in urology: considerations after 10 years]. PMID- 7344434 TI - [Puncture and aspiration of renal cysts under ultrasonic monitoring]. PMID- 7344435 TI - ["Disuse" bladder]. PMID- 7344437 TI - [Rare renal abnormality: fused pelvic kidney]. PMID- 7344436 TI - [Inguinal lymphadenopathies in carcinoma of the penis]. PMID- 7344438 TI - [Simple renal ectopia of a single kidney with bilateral absence of the vasa deferentes]. PMID- 7344439 TI - [Value of CAT in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 7344440 TI - [Hematuria caused by fibrous polyps of the ureter in childhood]. PMID- 7344441 TI - [Unusual cause of hematuria: "periureteral varices"]. PMID- 7344442 TI - [Paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas]. PMID- 7344443 TI - [Root canal disobturation: are solvents antiseptic?]. PMID- 7344444 TI - [The radiodiagnosis of the cicatrization of apical lesions]. PMID- 7344445 TI - [The biology of cementum. Clinical applications]. PMID- 7344446 TI - [Topography of the tooth-silver amalgam junction. Study of ion exchanges at the interface]. PMID- 7344448 TI - [Tissue interactions and differentiation during odontogenesis]. PMID- 7344447 TI - [The effect of electroacupunture on evoked activity in the maxillary nerve at the level of the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7344449 TI - [The use of thermography in the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7344450 TI - [Neurophysiological and biochemical basis of pulp-dentin sensitivity]. PMID- 7344451 TI - [The major histocompatibility complex in man. Possible relevance in dentistry. Applications in transplantation and relation to various diseases]. PMID- 7344452 TI - Reactive metabolites as key intermediates in pharmacologic and toxicologic responses: examples from chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7344453 TI - Biological reactive intermediates--II. Chemical mechanisms and biological effects. PMID- 7344454 TI - The heme protein P-450 in oxygen activation: carbon monoxide inhibition and photochemical action spectroscopy as tools to study its catalytic role. PMID- 7344455 TI - Possible mechanism of coupled NADPH oxidase and P-450 monooxygenase action. PMID- 7344456 TI - Ligand complexes generated during cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolism. PMID- 7344457 TI - Alkylation and peroxidation injury from chemically reactive metabolites. PMID- 7344458 TI - Relationship between benzene metabolism and toxicity: a proposed mechanism for the formation of reactive intermediates from polyphenol metabolites. PMID- 7344459 TI - Role of mixed-function oxidases in the formation of biological reactive intermediates. PMID- 7344460 TI - Metabolic correlates of benzene toxicity. PMID- 7344461 TI - Development of a novel method for measuring covalent binding and its application to investigations of bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7344462 TI - Biotransformation of bromobenzene to reactive metabolites by isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7344463 TI - Urinary metabolites of benzene in the mouse. PMID- 7344464 TI - Multi-step metabolic activation of benzene in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7344465 TI - Muconaldehyde, a potential toxic intermediate of benzene metabolism. PMID- 7344466 TI - Mercapturic acids as metabolites of aromatic aldehydes and alcohols. AB - After administration of substituted (CH3, OH, OCH3, F, CL, Br, NO2) benzaldehyde or benzyl alcohols in the rat an enhanced urinary thioether excretion was found in some cases. With p-substituted benzaldehyde only occasionally a slight increase could be shown, but with o-substituted aldehydes and alcohols thioether excretions amounted up to 13% of the dose. Mercapturic acids were isolated and identified by synthesis, mass-, and n.m.r.-spectrometry as the arylmethyl thioethers of N-acetylcysteine. Steric hindrance by o-substituents must be the main cause of a relative decrease in oxidation to the carboxylic acid and an increase of the importance of both the reduction of the aldehydes and the reaction of the alcohols, presumably to sulphuric acid esters, as intermediates for the alkylation of glutathione. Consequently, previous administration of pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, caused an even larger thioether excretion after injection of o-chlorobenzyl alcohol. PMID- 7344467 TI - Cross-linking of cytochrome P-450: effect of temperature. PMID- 7344468 TI - Production of carbon monoxide by sonication of medium containing glycerol. Effect on cytochrome P-450 reconstituted systems. PMID- 7344469 TI - Toxicity and covalent binding of substituted bromobenzenes to isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7344470 TI - Formation of irreversible protein-binding metabolites during microsomal metabolism of 14C-bromobenzene and 14C-bromophenol. PMID- 7344471 TI - Drug-stimulated H2O2 formation in hepatocytes. Possible toxicological implications. PMID- 7344472 TI - Organ toxicity and metabolic pathway of 4-dimethylaminophenol. PMID- 7344473 TI - Metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by rat hepatic microsomes and cecal flora. PMID- 7344474 TI - Enzymatic hydration of butadiene monoxide and its importance in the metabolism of butadiene. PMID- 7344475 TI - Structure-activity requirements for the induction of testicular atrophy by butyl phthalates in immature rats: effect on testicular zinc content. PMID- 7344476 TI - In vivo regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis: effects of food deprivation or glutathione depletion by electrophilic compounds. AB - The increased glutathione turnover that occurs during fasting results from two mechanisms. Because of a decrease in the intrahepatic free glutathione: mixed disulfide ratio, which is apparently mediated by c-AMP, the free glutathione pool contracts and turns over more rapidly in order to maintain glutathione synthesis. In addition, glutathione consumption via the gamma-glutamyl cycle apparently is increased during fasting. Additional data indicate that an inability to stimulate further the rate of glutathione synthesis during fasting, rather than a reduction in glutathione synthesis are previously postulated, probably explains the increased susceptibility of fasted animals to tissue attack by electrophilic drug metabolites. PMID- 7344477 TI - The mechanism of phenobarbitone potentiation of centrilobular hepatic necrosis. PMID- 7344478 TI - Regio- and stereoselectivity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substrates. AB - Although the cytochrome P-450 system shows broad substrate specificity toward the PAH, it also has regio- and stereoselectivity. Of the PAH substrates yet studied, phenanthrene is metabolized most efficiently, whereas chrysene and DBA are much more slowly turned over. Interestingly, the cytochrome P-450 system and epoxide hydrolase favor the formation of dihydrodiols with R,R configuration. The predominant enantiomers of the dihydrodiols with the bay-region double bond, as well as bay-region diol epoxides derived from phenanthrene, chrysene, BA and B[a]P, are superimposable when their bay-regions are aligned (Fig. 3). These metabolically favored isomers of the dihydrodiols and bay-region diol epoxides are also the more carcinogenic isomers when derived from carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7344479 TI - Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta. PMID- 7344480 TI - Free radicals as reactive intermediates in tissue injury. PMID- 7344481 TI - Effect of 2-propanol treatment on carbon tetrachloride metabolism and toxicity. PMID- 7344482 TI - Role of reactive intermediates in halothane associated liver injury. PMID- 7344483 TI - Destruction of microsomal calcium pump activity: a possible secondary mechanism in BrCCl3 and CCl4 liver cell injury. PMID- 7344484 TI - Metallothionein as a trap for reactive organic intermediates. PMID- 7344485 TI - Metabolic activation and deactivation mechanisms of di-, tri-, and tetrachloroethylenes. PMID- 7344486 TI - Metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity of trichloroethylene. PMID- 7344487 TI - Benzil, a selective inducer and a potent in vitro activator of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 7344488 TI - Inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrase by heavy- and organometals in vitro. PMID- 7344489 TI - Formation of reactive metabolites of 14C-naphthalene in isolated rat hepatocytes and the effect of decreased glucuronidation and sulfation. PMID- 7344490 TI - The cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of biphenyl and the 4-halobiphenyls. PMID- 7344491 TI - Further characterization and applications of the 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroxylase assay. PMID- 7344492 TI - Covalent binding of CCl4-intermediates to reduced pyridine nucleotides in mouse liver. PMID- 7344493 TI - Influence of ferrous ions on CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7344494 TI - The mechanism of the reductive dehalogenation of polyhalogenated compounds by microsomal cytochrome P450. AB - Polyhalogenated ethanes are metabolized by reductive dehalogenation under anaerobic and also hypoxic conditions in vitro in the presence of NADPH and hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450. The cytochrome P450 dependence was shown by induction and inhibition experiments using microsomal fractions from livers of rats receiving various pretreatments. The main products of the in vitro metabolism of hexa- and pentachloroethane were tetra- and trichloroethene, respectively. Minor products were penta- (0.5%) and 1.1.2.2.-tetrachloroethane (4%). The stoichiometry of NADPH-oxidation and product formation was 1:1. From these results and earlier investigations on polyhalogenated methanes, a reaction scheme is proposed. The reductive dehalogenation probably proceeds by two sequential one electron reductions forming first a radical and then a carbanion. The carbanion may undergo protonation, alpha-, or beta-elimination forming a monodehalogenated haloalkane, an olefin or a carbene, respectively. PMID- 7344495 TI - Studies on 3-chloro-4-methyl-(4-14C)-7-hydroxycoumarin in rats. AB - The distribution, excretion and biotransformation of 3-chloro-4-methyl-(4-14C)-7 hydroxycoumarin [(14C) chlorferron] were studied in the rats after single oral administration. Male and female Wistar rats were given single oral doses of 0.5 and 20.0 mg/kg body weight of (14C) chlorferron and routes and rates of elimination of 14C activity were followed for 7 days. Following administration of 20 mg/kg, 96.74 +/- 3.68% and 94.98 +/- 6.15% of the dose were excreted by male and female rats, respectively. The excretion of total radioactivity after 0.5 mg/kg was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in male rats (93.77 +/- 2.27%) as compared to female rats (87.23 +/- 1.96%). Approximately 80-90% of the excreted radioactivity was detected in urine. Analysis of urine showed no qualitative difference in the biotransformation pattern of (14C) chlorferron in male and female rats. (14C) chlorferron derived metabolites were excreted in both conjugated and unconjugated forms. After 7 days of dosing, very low concentrations of (14C) chlorferron derived residues were detected in different body tissues. No detectable sex difference in body distribution of radioactivity was observed. These results suggest that (14C) chlorferron is rapidly eliminated from the body and only small amounts are stored in the organs. PMID- 7344496 TI - Monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase regulation in primary fetal rat liver cell culture. PMID- 7344497 TI - Biochemical basis for dose response relationships in reactive metabolite toxicity. PMID- 7344498 TI - Formation and fate of reactive intermediates of parathion. PMID- 7344499 TI - Factors affecting acetylhydrazine hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7344500 TI - Inhibition of metabolism--mediated cytotoxicity by 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines in mouse mastocytoma cells (line P815). PMID- 7344501 TI - Epoxides from paracetamol - a possible explanation for paracetamol toxicity. PMID- 7344502 TI - Evidence for redox cycling of acetaminophen and its reactive metabolite by endogenous microsomal systems. PMID- 7344503 TI - Enzyme characteristics of imine N-hydroxylation. PMID- 7344504 TI - Investigations of the bioactivation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in the rat. PMID- 7344505 TI - Reactions of aromatic nitroso compounds with thiols. PMID- 7344506 TI - Reactive intermediates of 2-acetylaminofluorene metabolism in vitro covalently label specific rat liver microsomal proteins. PMID- 7344507 TI - In vitro inhibition of liver microsomal arylamide N-hydroxylase. PMID- 7344508 TI - Specific inactivation of aniline hydroxylase by a reactive intermediate formed during acrylamide biotransformation by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7344509 TI - Microsomal metabolism of acrylonitrile in liver and brain. PMID- 7344510 TI - Toxicity and metabolism of thiobenzamide derivatives in the rat. PMID- 7344511 TI - Some properties of sulphoxidising enzymes. PMID- 7344512 TI - Metabolic activation of triazene cytostatics. PMID- 7344513 TI - Conversion of liver haem into N-substituted porphyrins or green pigments. Evidence for two distinct classes of products. PMID- 7344514 TI - Constitutive and carcinogen-derived DNA binding as a basis for the assessment of potency of chemical carcinogens. AB - 1. The hypothesis is presented that a ground-level DNA damage is unavoidable and must be regarding constitutive to a cell. The genotoxic agents responsible for this type of initiation comprise a number of physiological chemists which are known or suspected to be degraded via chemically reactive species, nitrosamines present in the diet or formed from amines in the stomach, ubiquitous carcinogenic metals, UV- and alpha-irradiation, viruses, and other sources in diet and environment. 2. It is concluded that what is normally called spontaneous tumor incidence is partly due to this constitutive DNA damage. 3. Under this assumption, carcinogens can be divided into two classes, the initiating (genotoxic, DNA-damaging) carcinogens and the non-genotoxic carcinogens which act by modulating any of a number of reactions and side reactions that lead to an increase of the constitutive DNA damage or enhance the chance for the constitutive DNA damage to proceed to a tumor. 4. The carcinogenic potency of a carcinogen is described as a product of persistent DNA damage x mutagenicity x non-genotoxic modulation of the DNA damage, and short-term tests are proposed to determine the contributions of the first two parameters to the potency of an initiating carcinogen. 5. As an approximation to this theoretical approach, a correlation is shown of DNA binding in vivo in the form of a "Covalent Binding Index" to the carcinogenic potency as derived from long-term bioassays. An astonishingly good linear correlation is found with an approximate uncertainty of the estimate of a factor of 10 with a total span of values of 10(6). 6. It is concluded that DNA binding in vivo provides a useful first look at the potency of initiating carcinogens but that additional knowledge is required to assess the organ specificity of initiating carcinogens. 7. The non-genotoxic carcinogens seem to be much less potent than the initiating carcinogens if administered alone. They cannot, however, be spotted on the basis of chemical structure, and there is no short-term test which would allow a good quantitative approach to their carcinogenic potency as was demonstrated for the initiating carcinogens. One main reason for this lack is the wide variety of different mechanisms of action of non-genotoxic carcinogens. PMID- 7344515 TI - Recent developments in the mechanisms of DNA repair and in the role of DNA repair in chemical carcinogenesis and cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7344516 TI - Translation of pharmacokinetic/biochemical data into risk assessment. PMID- 7344517 TI - Future directions in the study of biological reactive intermediates. PMID- 7344518 TI - Toxicity mediated by reactive metabolites of furans. AB - Furan derivatives occur widely in the environment, and several of these compounds cause necrosis of target cells within certain organs, including the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. The tissue specificity may vary from compound to compound. For individual compounds, the specificity may be greatly influenced by the species, sex, and age of the test animal and by the prior exposure of the animal to inducers of drug metabolism. Studies in vitro and in vivo indicate that cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the target tissues mediate the formation of highly reactive, electrophilic furan metabolites that bind covalently to tissue macromolecules. Epoxides are suspected, but not proven, to be the proximate or ultimate toxic metabolites of furans. One study suggested that epoxide hydratase might influence the covalent binding of a furan derivative in vitro, but similar investigations with other furans have been negative. Glutathione (GSH) can inhibit the covalent binding of reactive furan metabolites in vitro, presumably by forming less reactive, water-soluble conjugates with the activated furans. GSH furan conjugate formation can occur nonenzymatically, and a study with 4 ipomeanol indicated that cytosolic enzyme preparations did not enhance the amounts of conjugates produced. It is likely that GSH provides a major mechanism for detoxification of some furans in vivo. PMID- 7344519 TI - The relationship between the metabolism and toxicity of benzodioxole compounds. PMID- 7344520 TI - Microsomal metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene, role in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. PMID- 7344521 TI - Reaction of microsomal and cytosolic enzymes with N-arylacetohydroxamic acids in the presence of oxygen. PMID- 7344522 TI - Metabolic activation of hydrazines. PMID- 7344523 TI - The influence of dietary molybdenum and copper supplementation on the contents of serum uric acid and some trace elements in cocks. PMID- 7344524 TI - Isolation and characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Norwegian coastal environment. PMID- 7344525 TI - Progesterone in pregnant and non-pregnant reindeer. PMID- 7344526 TI - Milk antitrypsin activity during clinical and experimental bovine mastitis. PMID- 7344527 TI - Plasma thyroxine in the sow during pregnancy and lactation and during resumption of ovarian activity after weaning. PMID- 7344528 TI - Plasma constituents in the sow. Minerals, glucose, urea-N, protein and transaminases in relation to weaning. PMID- 7344529 TI - Alveld-producing saponins. I. Chemical studies. PMID- 7344530 TI - The immediate effect of HCG upon plasma testosterone levels in the bull. PMID- 7344531 TI - Plasma concentrations of testosterone in the male dog and plasma testosterone profile following single intramuscular injection of HCG. PMID- 7344532 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in non-aborted and aborted fetuses from Danish herds of cattle. PMID- 7344533 TI - An enzyme histochemical investigation of the intestinal mucosa in diarrheic calves. PMID- 7344535 TI - Influence of stress on some blood constituents in reindeer (Rangiferi tarandus L). PMID- 7344534 TI - Peyer's patches and the follicle-associated epithelium in diarrheic calves. Pathomorphology, morphometry and acid phosphatase histochemistry. PMID- 7344536 TI - Growth of some lactic acid bacteria in milk containing sulfadiazine. PMID- 7344537 TI - Interference of mycotoxins with prenatal development of the mouse. II. Ochratoxin A induced teratogenic effects in relation to the dose and stage of gestation. PMID- 7344538 TI - Oophorectomy during different stages of pregnancy in the cow. PMID- 7344539 TI - Survival of Campylobacter jejuni/coli in ground refrigerated and in ground frozen beef liver and in frozen broiler carcasses. PMID- 7344540 TI - The effect of NaCl on Campylobacter jejuni/coli. PMID- 7344541 TI - Echinococcosis in slaughtered reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Norway. Preliminary results of a combat/eradication program. PMID- 7344542 TI - Thoughts regarding humanities in medical education. PMID- 7344543 TI - The physicians' claims by original suit or counterclaim against patients and/or their attorneys for unjust medical malpractice actions. PMID- 7344544 TI - Confidentiality: the health professional's dilemma. PMID- 7344545 TI - The first successful medical malpractice countersuit: the physician's view. PMID- 7344546 TI - Historical and legal background review of Peerman v. Sidicane: the attorney's view. PMID- 7344547 TI - Recent case law and medical life-and-death decision making. PMID- 7344548 TI - Problems in the law-science-medicine complex. PMID- 7344549 TI - Dental cements: an overview. PMID- 7344550 TI - Dental amalgams. PMID- 7344551 TI - Medical pathology conference fever of undetermined origin with abnormal chest X ray and accelerated ESR. PMID- 7344552 TI - New developments in surgical pathology. II. Thin needle aspiration biopsy. PMID- 7344553 TI - The delivery of health care in the next two decades: a case for prepaid group practice. PMID- 7344554 TI - Separation and characterization of neuronal and glial cell populations from embryonic chick cerebra in culture. AB - A new procedure of separation of glial and neuronal cell population from embryonic chick cerebra has been described and their morphology in vitro was examined by SEM. This technique used the differential adhesive properties of the glial and neuronal cells to obtain an initial separation in primary monolayer culture. The neuronal fraction was then further purified by treatment with cytosine arabinoside. The homogeneity of the glial and neuronal cultures produced by this technique was examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy, liquid scintillation counting of incorporation of radioactive precursors into the cultured cells and autoradiographic study of the cultures. The purity of the neuronal culture was estimated to be better than 97 and 98% based on LSC and autoradiography respectively. The purity of glial culture was assessed by phase contrast and SEM and was estimated to have a purity of over 99%. The viability of the both cultures was good following initial separation. The glial cells were typically epitheloid and formed confluent monolayer 7--10 days after initial separation. These cells have a smooth upper surface and are typically hexagonal in shape. The neuronal cultures formed small aggregates interconnected with compound neuronal processes. It was noted that the neuronal differentiation was closely related to the glial cells. In the presence of a glial carpet, the aggregates became flattened and well differentiated neuronal cells were found. On the contrary, round neuronal aggregates were found. In the case of mixed cultures of glial and neuronal cells neurites were seen grown mainly on the surface of glial carpet. Only in rare occasions, neurites were seen bridging over the bare glass surface. PMID- 7344555 TI - The carotid bodies in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats--a study concerning size, location and blood supply. AB - Size, anatomical position and blood supply of the carotid bodies were studied by light microscopic methods in spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR) and in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of a random-bred strain. In both groups of animals the single carotid body was usually supplied by only one glomic artery which most frequently derived from the external carotid artery, more rarely from the occipital artery and very seldom from the internal carotid artery. In general the carotid bodies were of ellipsoide shape and compact structure and as a rule closely located to the internal carotid artery. In the NWR at the origins of their glomic arteries almost regularly circular intraarterial cushions were found; in the SHR such cushions were only seen in a few cases, and if so than they were less clearly developed. In the SHR, never in the NWR, within the carotid body the lumen of some branches of the glomic arteries was narrowed by pad-like structures. When compared with the NWR the SHR showed enlarged carotid bodies and a respiratory alcalosis, suggesting that systemic hypertension leads to morphologically and functionally detectable alterations of both carotid body structure and function. PMID- 7344556 TI - [On the origin, course and influx-vessels of the V. basalis and the V. cerebri interna (author's transl)]. AB - Origin, course and influx-vessels of the basal vein are investigated on 100 brains. An anterior formation of the basal vein (textbook) was found in 41%, a posterior formation in 34%. The different possibilities of drainage are examined procentually at the different types. Course and number of the different variations of the influx-vessels are taken into account: Vv. thalamostriata inferiores, gyri olfactorii, ventricularis inferior, peduncularis, cerebri interna, thalamostriata superioris, (terminalis), septi pellucidi anterior, septi pellucidi posterior, atrii medialis, atrii lateralis, nuclei caudati. PMID- 7344557 TI - Postnatal development of masticatory organs in rats. III. Effects of mastication on the postnatal development of the M. masseter superficialis. AB - When suckling of rats was continued on days 17--25 after birth, the development of the M. masseter superficialis was inhibited: increase in the diameter and SDH activity of its muscle fibers was retarded. Conversely, forced weaning of rats on 17 after birth stimulated the development of the muscle. These results suggest that mastication after weaning is involved in the further postnatal development of the M. masseter superficialis in rats. PMID- 7344558 TI - [Mathematical formulation of human height growth (author's transl)]. AB - Gaining a mathematical expression for the height development of girls and boys is all the more desirable since acceleration has been observed for some decades. At the first look the height curve is not unsimilar to a simple parabola when considered up to prepuberty age. In fact the relation can be well approximated when applying a power function: W = W0 + ktr; with W0 representing the birth length, t the time, and k and r being coefficients. When reaching about ten years of age, this formula must be modified by a restricting term proposed as: (formula: see text) with tE as time of adolescence whilst WE would be the final height when omitting the puberal growth spurt which can approximately be taken into account by adding the term (formula: see text), where t is the half-spurt time. Calculations mainly based on the height/age tables of Maaser (1974) and using non linear regression show a close agreement with natural development. Graphs with the growth and increase functions for female and male added for better comprehension. PMID- 7344559 TI - [Variations in plasma components in lactating mares at late pregnancy-early lactation (author's transl)]. AB - In an experiment comparing pregnant then lactating mares with dry non-pregnant mares, the changes in plasma components were studied as indicators of the metabolic utilization of energy (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta hydroxybutyrate), nitrogen (urea, proteins) or minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium). The mares were fed daily 2 kg concentrate and hay ad libitum. Beta hydroxybutyrate, magnesium and to a lesser extent glucose were the only constituents whose levels were affected within the period starting one month before and ending one month after foaling. The increase in food intake between late pregnancy and early lactation may be explained by an increase in nutrient requirements, since plasmatic levels of non-esterified fatty acids and urea, known to be indicators of body lipids mobilization and nitrogen status respectively, remained constant. PMID- 7344560 TI - Bound residues of veterinary drugs: bioavailability and toxicological implications. AB - Basic considerations dealing with the biological significance of drug residues and safety evaluation are studied. The specific problem of covalently bound residues is considered from three different points of view. (1) Analytical characteristics clearly distinguish between soluble residues, which deplete relatively fast, and bound material which is slowly eliminated from edible tissues of target animals. (2) These two residual fractions have not the same bioavailability. (3) Finally, toxicity assessment of bound residues is considered. PMID- 7344561 TI - [Prandial stimulation of reticular movements in sheep: cephalic phase and oral reflex (author's transl)]. AB - Acceleration of reticular contractions when chewing feed (oral reflex of the reticulum, ORR) has been well documented for many years. The aim of the present investigation was to study the evolution of this reflex throughout the meal period. A possible triggering effect of drinking water was also investigated. Reticular contractions and chewing movements were simultaneously recorded from four sheep by means of permanent reticular wire electrodes and foam rubber balloons fastened below the lower jaw. Records were drawn before and during presentation of feed, then during the meal which followed. Similar records were drawn while sheep were drinking during intervals between feeding periods. In every case, intensity of mastication decreases from beginning up to the end of the feeding period. This decrease is paralleled by a slope of reticular frequency, which is very high at the beginning of the meal. The significant correlation between the two phenomena suggests that the decrease of the ORR results from a lesser stimulation of oral mechanoreceptors. Reticular movements are obviously accelerated during isolated drinking periods. Existence of a true cephalic phase of prandial reticular stimulation is evidenced by a moderate acceleration on the sole presentation of feed. PMID- 7344562 TI - Enhancement of spiramycin concentration by bromhexin in the bovine nasal secretions. AB - Intramuscular injection of bromhexin (Quentan) results in increased bioavailability of spiramycin in nasal secretions. In the presence of a mucolytic agent, the area under the curve calculated according to spiramycin concentrations found in nasal secretions increases by 6%, 41% and 32% respectively in the course of three days of treatment. This potentiation reveals the interest involved in administering a combination of bromhexine and antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7344563 TI - [Bioavailability of erythromycin and colistin in calves (author's transl)]. AB - Bioavailability of erythromycin and colistin was studied in plasma, ruminal liquid and nasal mucus after simultaneous injection by intraruminal or intramuscular route. After intramuscular injection, erythromycin was found in plasma and respiratory tract, colistin in plasma. After oral administration, only erythromycin was found in nasal cavity secretions but nitrogen metabolism and volatile fatty acid production were modified in rumen. PMID- 7344564 TI - Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains from rabbits. AB - Clumping factor- (slide coagulase-) and DNase-positive staphylococci isolated from lesions and carrier sites in rabbits in Belgium, France and the Netherlands all belonged to the species Staphylococcus aureus. Their biotype characteristics were heterogenic. The great majority of the strains could be allotted to 3 biotypes. One ground showed the characteristics of human S. aureus strains. Other strains belonged to a second group which cannot be associated with a specific host species and the features of most strains which belonged to the third group were similar to those of strains commonly found in pigs. The third group was associated which cutaneous staphylococcosis in young rabbits. Geographic differences in the prevalence of these groups were noted. Many strains were epidemiologically related or belonged to a single phage type which showed evidence of epidemic spread. PMID- 7344565 TI - Eventration of diaphragm. PMID- 7344566 TI - Thyroglossal cysts--a review of 39 cases. PMID- 7344567 TI - Pathogenesis and rationale of treatment of recurrent abdominal pain. AB - Since the turn of the century, recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) has been a diagnostic dilemma. From the fifties, the work of Apley led to a shift in the thinking i.e., away from organic to psychosomatic causes for the pain. During the past decade, however, better gastroenterological studies have led to a return to a search for organic causes. Psychologically, this may prove salutory to the child with RAP. Based on the history, glucose tolerance and histopathological studies reported elsewhere by the authors, it is suggested that the pain in these children is due to intestinal angina. The angina may be consequent to the master switch of life operating as a glucose homeostatic mechanism in mild viral infections. The role of intravenous glucose in such situations is discussed. PMID- 7344568 TI - Microsurgery for hepatic portoenterostomy in cases of biliary atresia. PMID- 7344569 TI - Congenital metacarpotalar syndrome. AB - Three children were presented having similar facies, musculoskeletal anomalies and a common ethnic background. All had dislocated hips, scoliosis, congenital vertical tali and hand deformities. There was a very small web space between the first and second metacarpals, extension deformities at the wrist, flexion deformities at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and at one or more proximal interphalangeal joints. In addition, 2 of the 3 youngsters had marked crowding of the teeth and a small maxillary arch. All laboratory studies were normal. The most alarming finding was the poor wound healing which averaged 48%. The wound complication rate at Shriner's Hospital in San Francisco during the identical period of time these children were treated ranged from 1.2% to 1.8%. It is believed that this represents a new syndrome, as similar cases could not be found in the literature. The orthopedist may treat these anomalies in the standard fashion but should keep in mind the propensity for poor wound healing in these patients. The common ethnic background was that of Spanish-American or Chicago families. PMID- 7344570 TI - Macrodactyly in the foot. PMID- 7344571 TI - The spleen and splenectomy. AB - The present knowledge of splenic function is summarised chiefly from the point of view of the complications attendant on total splenectomy. The chief complication is overwhelming sepsis with rapid onset leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation and death. This may happen shortly after the surgical procedure or may take place after many years, even as long as 25 years. In the light of present views, it is concluded that there are few legitimate indications for splenectomy and these are listed together with points for further consideration in each patient. Even then, some splenic tissue should be preserved and the methods to achieve this are discussed. PMID- 7344572 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: surgical experience of 24 cases. AB - Twenty-four patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were admitted to the University Department of Paediatrics, Singapore General Hospital, from 1974 to 1980 were reviewed. The male to female ratio was 2.4:1. The age of onset of vomiting ranged from birth to 7-week. All except 2 had palpable pyloric tumour. Barium meal studies were required in these two patients to confirm the diagnosis preoperatively. Significant abnormal laboratory findings on admission were: metabolic alkalosis (71%), hypochloraemia (63%), hyponatraemia (54%), hypokalaemia (21%), haemoconcentration (39%) and pre-renal azotaemia (17%). Two thirds of the patients were operated within 24 to 48 hours after intravenous correction of fluid deficit and electrolyte imbalance. Common complications after Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy were vomiting and fever which were, however, mild and subsided in two to three days. Serious complications were uncommon and there was no mortality in this series. Majority of the patients were discharged well after one to two weeks of hospitalization. PMID- 7344573 TI - Tonsillar hypertrophy, cor pulmonale and cardiac failure. PMID- 7344574 TI - Battered baby syndrome: a review of eight cases. AB - A review of eight cases of the Battered Baby Syndrome, diagnosed in the Orthopaedic Department of a large childrens' hospital in India during a three year period is presented. Majority of the cases had major fractures due to repetitive child abuse. Most of the children were undernourished and psychoanalysis of the parents revealed that with regard to child abuse, conditions in India do not differ materially from the Western World. This review does not include minor injuries to the children or solitary fractures in children as a results of child abuse. This may indicate that many cases have been missed. The importance of early detection of this condition and multidisciplinary approach in the management have been stressed. This condition has yet to gain wide recognition in Indian. PMID- 7344575 TI - Sciatic nerve palsy in the new born. AB - Twelve new born children with sciatic nerve paralysis are reported in this paper. Complete paralysis was present in six and partial paralysis in six neonates. In all cases of breech delivery, a definite history of prolonged labour and forceful extraction by pulling the leg of the fetus was obtained. explained. The relevant literature has been reviewed. Follow up radiological examination in two children showed delayed ossification of the femoral head on the affected side. Recovery was incomplete in most of the cases with total sciatic nerve palsy. PMID- 7344576 TI - Rectal atresia treated by modified Duhamel's procedure. AB - Rectal atresia without fistula is a rare condition. Many approaches to the surgical correction of this malformation have been described but none of these have indicated any specific advantages or disadvantages. This paper discusses the use of the Duhamel principal in the treatment of rectal atresia. The detailed operative procedure which has been applied in two cases is described. Both patients showed good results--they are fully continent and did not require anal dilatation. PMID- 7344577 TI - Anorectal anomalies: a review of 49 cases. AB - A series of forty-nine cases of anorectal anomalies treated in the Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, is reviewed. The incidence of ano-rectal malformation in the Singapore population is estimated to be one in 11,500 live births. There is a significant male preponderence with a ratio of 7 to 3. Supralevator lesions accounted for 55% of the cases and of this group, 31% had associated congenital anomalies. In contrast only 11% of the low anomalies had other congenital defects. All patients were treated surgically either by anoplasty for the low lesions or staged rectoplasty for the intermediate and high lesions. The results of surgery for the low anomalies were uniformly good. In the group with high anomalies 7 cases had a good results, 21 had a fair result with occasional soiling only, and 2 cases had a poor result with frank incontinence. PMID- 7344578 TI - Hypertension in childhood. AB - Hypertension is seen in 1-2% of children. It is multifactorial in origin. An analysis of 245 children with hypertension seen in 3 years in the Southern Railway Hospital, Madras is presented. In this series, all cases are secondary to some underlying causes. The so called "Benign Essential Hypertension" is not so uncommon in children but the authors have not had a case til now. In more than 80% of the cases, it is due to acute glomerulonephritis where hypertension is temporary. 8% of all the cases can be cured by surgery (If acute glomerulonephritis is excluded, this forms 50%). In another 8%, hypertension is permanent. Routine measurement of blood pressure in all children during physical examination is essential to detect the cases early. Extensive investigations are necessary to diagnose the cause in some cases. Three typical case histories are presented. Hypertensive crisis is an emergency and should be managed by intensive medical care. Today, even in India, various sophisticated investigations can be done for the detection of the cause, and surgical treatment including cardiac surgery can be done, aggressive medical treatment can be given with the availability of all anti-hypertensive drugs, and so the paediatricians and paediatric surgeons must diagnose the cases early and institute appropriate treatment. PMID- 7344579 TI - Functional intestinal obstruction in the neonate. AB - The number of neonates with functional intestinal obstruction being admitted to this surgical unit is increasing. The obstruction may be transient and curable within a few days, or weeks or, more rarely, may be prolonged and intransigent, usually resulting in death despite parenteral nutrition. In the former group, the infants are often the result of an abnormal pregnancy or delivery. Recently, a small number of infants has been identified in whom prolonged jaundice is a notable feature, but the aetiology of this syndrome is not apparent. All of these infants must be screened to exclude mucoviscidosis, septicaemia, meningitis, and Hirschsprung's disease. Ideally, neonates suspected of having Hirschsprung's disease should not be submitted to surgery until after histological proof of the diagnosis. Infants with the rarer forms of intransigent ileus should be referred to special centres for intensive investigations, much of which would be somewhat experimental, in order to discover more about the aetiology of the various syndromes. For the adequate investigation and treatment of any these infants, an experienced team of clinicians, radiologists and pathologists is essential, and these infants should not be treated where the necessary facilities are unavailable. PMID- 7344580 TI - Surgical viewpoint in the management of haemangiomata in children. PMID- 7344581 TI - Surgical experience with lymphangioma in infants and children. AB - Twenty-nine consecutive cases of lymphangioma seen and managed at the Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, between August 1974 and January 1981 are reviewed here. More than half the lesions (58.6%) were noted at birth and about 90% presented during the first year of life. All patients were treated by surgical excision soon after recognition, in order to prevent extensive local growth and expansion which can encroach on vital structures such as nerves, major vessels and the trachea. Surgical resection was complete where possible, with preservation of vital structures. There were no deaths. Morbidity was confined to wound infection and haematoma, respiratory distress and in one case, a facial palsy. Eight patients required two or more operations for complete excision. PMID- 7344582 TI - Congenital limb deficiencies. AB - In the last 25 years great advances have been made in the management of children with congenital limb deficiency. An understanding of the embryology and development is essential for careful planning and management of these children. It is important to have an internationally accepted classification so that the results of treatment can be compared. In this paper, the international classification of congenital limb deficiency is described. Unfortunately, this is still not widely used by the orthopaedic surgeons. It is hoped that more orthopaedic surgeons will use this classification in future so that we have a common denomination for comparison. Transverse limb deficiency both in the upper and lower limbs can be managed satisfactorily with the aid of prosthesis. Longitudinal limb deficiency which often requires careful planning and judicious use of reconstructive procedure can improve the function considerably. However, some of these children often go through multiple operations and end up with a useless limb. The need for surgical reconstruction is to improve the child's function and this must always be kept in mind. Last but not least the psychological problems both with the child and the parents is of paramount importance. A judicious and sympathetic approach by the orthopaedic surgeons will go a long way in making success or failure of the whole treatment programme. PMID- 7344583 TI - Neuroleptanaesthesia in paediatric practice. PMID- 7344584 TI - Congenital Lobar emphysema. AB - Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare but important clinical entity which may come to the paediatrician as an acute respiratory emergency. This is defined as a post natal over-distension of one or more lobes of a histologically normal lung. To the best of our knowledge, this condition has not been reported in Indian Medical Literature to-date. Not that the actual incidence of Congenital Lobar Emphysema has changed materially but increased clinical awareness of the possibility of the diagnosis and the widespread use of roentgenography in infants has clearly resulted in frequent recognition of this condition. The plain x-ray study is so characteristic that an immediate diagnosis can be made for further line of management. PMID- 7344585 TI - A review of modern paediatric anaesthesia. PMID- 7344586 TI - Neonatal chest wall hamartoma. PMID- 7344588 TI - Quality assurance, medical audit and continuing medical education. PMID- 7344587 TI - Adenomyoma of the pylorus presenting as intestinal obstruction with pseudomyxoma peritonei--a case report. AB - Adenomyoma of the stomach is an exceedingly rare and benign tumour. We report here what we believe to be the first documented case in Singapore. Our patient is unique in three respects; an eight-week old infant presented with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Operative findings showed a small tumour in the pylorus of the stomach. The abdominal contents were covered with a colourless mucous slime, giving an appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei. This is a feature which has not been hitherto reported. Microscopically, the lesion was consistent with adenomyoma of the pylorus. The interesting feature is an abundant production of mucin, with rupture and spillage of mucin in some of the glandular structures. We believe that this may account for the appearance of a pseudomyxoma peritonei seen in our patient. PMID- 7344589 TI - Surgical management of rheumatic heart disease in Singapore. AB - Over the last three decades there has been a world-wide decline in the incidence and severity of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, but the death rate in Singapore from chronic rheumatic heart disease has risen from 3.6 per 100,000 population in 1966 to 4.4 per 100,000 in 1977. Valvular lesions from rheumatic heart disease are very common, and between 1967 to 1979, 715 surgical procedures were performed for rheumatic valvular disease, and of these, 654 procedures involved the mitral valve which was most commonly affected by the disease process. Since many of the patients were female and in the child-bearing age, conservative procedures on the mitral valve were performed whenever possible. Mitral valvotomy for mitral stenosis relieved symptoms effectively; and for restenosis of the mitral valve, more than half of the patients underwent a second valvotomy with functional improvement. Mitral valve replacement was reserved for the severely distorted valve, sometimes calcified, and where there was stenosis associated with incompetence. Between 1971 to 1979, 162 mitral valves were replaced and actuarial studies showed 80% survival five years after surgery. 30 aortic and mitral valve replacements were performed in this same period with an operative mortality of 16.7%. Only 75 aortic valves were replaced for rheumatic valvular disease and 14 of these also had associated mitral and triscuspid valve disease. The prosthetic valves commonly used for replacement were the Starr Edwards non-cloth covered valves, models 6120 and 1260. All patients that had valve replacements were treated with long-term anticoagulation with Warfarin. The incidence of thromboembolism was low, being 8% for mitral valve replacement and the majority of these episodes occurred in the first three months after surgery. PMID- 7344590 TI - The antihypertensive action of acebutolol. AB - Acebutolol is a relatively "cardioselective" beta-adrenergic blocking agent with an antihypertensive action. The aims of this investigation were to establish the effective dosage range, to study the effect on supine, standing and exercise blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and to compare the efficacy of once daily (OM) with twice daily (BD) dosing of acebutolol. This was a within patient, double-blind, randomised study. This study shows that the optimum dosage of acebutolol for control of BP and heart rate is 400mg or more daily, and that OM dosing seems to be as effective as BD dosing for supine, standing and post exercise BP control, but is less so for heart rate control. PMID- 7344591 TI - Study of left ventricular function by echocardiography. PMID- 7344592 TI - Practical aspects of endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 7344593 TI - ASEAN cardiology in the 1980's: challenge of the next decade. AB - A feasible system of health care for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is outlined. Primary health care programmes should be readily available to all the population in rural as well as urban areas. A system for channelling patients for treatment at centres with sophisticated support and expert personnel should be worked out. The organization of training and research programmes to back up this comprehensive system in ASEAN countries is the challenge of the next decade. PMID- 7344594 TI - Cardiology. Meeting community needs. PMID- 7344595 TI - Cardiology. Research and relevance. PMID- 7344596 TI - Comparative study of acebutolol and oxprenolol in the management of hypertensive cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) patients. AB - Beta-blockers are now well established treatment for hypertension. The prognosis of CVD is influenced by the presence of hypertension and coronary artery disease; both have an effect on cerebral perfusion pressure. Acebutolol was compared with oxprenolol in the treatment of 17 CVD patients with hypertension of long standing, 14 of whom had cardiac abnormalities and 16 retired abnormalities. Both drugs produced satisfactory lowering of blood pressure and there was no significant difference between their hypotensive effects. No adverse neurological complications occurred during treatment with either drug. Side-effects, CNS and gastrointestinal, of oxprenolol treatment were more frequent than with acebutolol. One patient receiving oxprenolol suffered bronchospasm. Both drugs produced a beneficial effect on neurological deficit. PMID- 7344597 TI - The use of acebutolol with hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of acebutolol 400 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in combination have been assessed in 22 patients with mild, moderate and severe hypertension. In the supine position, blood pressure went down from an average of 190/116 mm Hg to 147/91 mm Hg after treatment, while in the standing position, blood pressure went down from an average of 188/117 mm Hg to 143/94 mm Hg. Age, sex and duration of hypertension have no significant influence upon the antihypertensive effect of this combination. Good results were obtained in 68% of the patients, fair results in 23% and poor results in another 9%. Compared with the use of acebutolol alone, its combination with hydrochlorothiazide showed better results. In mild hypertension good results increased from 75% after acebutolol only to 100% after this combination. In moderate hypertension the percentage of good results increases from 47% to 60% and in severe hypertension good results increased from 50% to 67%. Increase of decrease in heart rate had no relation to the antihypertensive effect of this combination. PMID- 7344598 TI - The pathophysiology and treatment of heart failure. PMID- 7344599 TI - The aetiology of essential hypertension. PMID- 7344600 TI - Vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7344601 TI - Combined vasodilator therapy in the treatment of chronic heart failure. AB - Treatment of resistant congestive cardiac faiure by vasodilators is now well accepted. Twelve such patients were started on Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine therapy and monitored for 24 hours. Oral treatment was then continued indefinitely. This group responded well to combined therapy and four had their regimes altered in the light of haemodynamic observations. It was then concluded that this type of treatment can be tailored to the individual patient to produce the best effects on preload and afterload. PMID- 7344602 TI - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. AB - Animal experiments illustrating the effects of coronary artery disease are described. These experiments show marked blunting of reactive hyperremia with 80% of narrowing, and markedly decreased resting blood flow with 90% narrowing of the coronary artery. With 60% stenosis, blunting of hyperemic response occurs with a 5 mm long stenosis and decreased resting blood flow with a 10 mm long stenosis. Further reduction of resting blood flow is demonstrated with serial narrowing. In 6 patients with variant angina, resting myocardial blood flow decreased during episodes of spontaneous angina. Similar results were found in 13 patients with variant angina after ergonovine administration. PMID- 7344603 TI - Ambulatory ECG monitoring for diagnosis of angina pectoris. PMID- 7344604 TI - Comparison of blood pressure and rate-pressure product responses in maximal dynamic and isometric exercise. AB - The relationship between hemodynamic responses to maximal dynamic and isometric exercise have not been clearly established. We monitored heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), electrocardiogram (ECG), as well as symptoms and signs, during both maximal treadmill test (GXT) and one minute maximal handgrip dynamometry (HG) in the same individuals. Subjects were 164 adult male office patients, ages 20-79 years, who were not on medication. There was a wide range of responses in HR, SBP, DBP, and heart rate-systolic blood pressure product (MTTI), but with significant differences in mean values between GXT and HG as follows. SBP absolute value and percent increase over resting level were higher on GXT than on HG, DBP was higher on HG than GXT. HR was greater on GXT than on HG, MTTI was greater on GXT than on HG, both for mean absolute value and percent increase over resting level. Normal GXT related to lower SBP response on HG, abnormal GXT to higher. Normal vs abnormal GXT did not correlate significantly with MTTI. SBP on maximal HG was greater than it was for low levels of GXT, less than for high levels of GXT. DBP increase was greater for maximal HG than for any level of GXT. BP response is critical in monitoring HG, as HR is for GXT. Both GXT and HG are useful tests, without undue risk if contra indications are observed and patients are properly monitored. There are notable HR, BP and MTTI differences in the two tests, which can only be determined by monitoring each individual. PMID- 7344605 TI - Recent advances in the pathogenesis of lipoprotein disorders. PMID- 7344606 TI - Hyperlipidaemia: current approaches to its management and some recent advances. PMID- 7344607 TI - Atrial pacing in the evaluation of the sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7344608 TI - Permanent cardiac pacing in Malaysia. An update. AB - Updated data on permanent cardiac pacing in Malaysia is presented. Over the past 3 1/2 years (1976-1980), 75 patients underwent insertion of pacemakers giving an annual incidence of about 20 cases as compared with a total of 21 cases in the previous 8 years (1968-1977). Many of the features reported in an earlier paper in 1977 viz mode of presentation, age and sex distribution and indications for pacing remain unchanged. Over this period only 4 patients required lead replacement. Since concentrating mainly on the use of epicardial leads implanted via a subxiphoid approach, complications have been remarkably low. The problem of availability of pacemakers has been averted. Cost remains a major consideration when recommending one pacemaker in preference over another. The details concerning clinical features, indications for pacing, complications and other problems encountered in the management of these patients are discussed. PMID- 7344609 TI - Progress of cardiac pacing in Thailand--1973 to 1980. PMID- 7344610 TI - Individualized chemotherapy in multiple myeloma by cytostatic drug sensitivity testing of colony-forming stem cells. AB - Chemotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma was individually selected on the basis of antiproliferative drug sensitivity determined in vitro by a clonogenic assay. Myeloma stem cells were preincubated with various cytostatic drugs and allowed to form colonies in a plasma clot culture system. In 21 out of 24 prospective trials on 14 patients, clinical improvement corresponded to the cytostatic drug sensitivity determined in vitro amounting to a predictive accuracy of 87.5% for the test system. Repeated cytostatic drug sensitivity testing in five untreated patients and in seven patients under intensive chemotherapy during the test intervals indicated the emergence of resistant tumor cell clones in both groups, but the loss of sensitivity was much more pronounced in the cells of patients receiving therapy. Selection of cytostatic drugs according to the results of in vitro antiproliferative drug sensitivity testing of myeloma stem cells should improve the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy. Furthermore, the surveillance of evolving tumor cell clones by periodical reevaluation of the patient's sensitivity status may add a new dimension to the treatment regimens for multiple myeloma. PMID- 7344612 TI - Urine cytology: early diagnosis of induced carcinoma of the rat urinary bladder. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was induced in F344 rats by intragastric intubation of the animals with the known bladder carcinogen N nitroso-N-methyl-N-dodecylamine (NMDA). Urinary cytology was used to follow the development of bladder lesions. As early as 8 weeks after the beginning of NMDA exposure, small, but distinct, differences could be detected between the morphology of exfoliated transitional cells found in the urine if animals treated with NMDA and those of control animals. Atypia was noted in the cells from some of the NMDA treated animals at about 20 weeks, and after 32 weeks definitely malignant transitional cells were identified in the urine of all NMDA treated animals. When the NMDA treated animals were killed, at 55-60 weeks after the beginning of NMDA treatment, transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was confirmed in all animals. No abnormal cells were noted in urine from any of the control animals. Urine cytology is an excellent technique for early detection of experimental urinary bladder cancer, and may be especially useful in screening industrial workers exposed to suspect bladder carcinogens. PMID- 7344611 TI - Cytochemical analysis of human breast cancer with fluorescent sex-steroid conjugates. Comparison with biochemical assessment of oestrogen receptors. PMID- 7344613 TI - Nocodazole entrapped into liposomes: no more effect on human CFU-C than free nocodazole. AB - Nocodazole, a water insoluble antimitotic drug active on L1210 leukemia was incorporated into liposomes, to investigate whether this procedure could increase cellular uptake. The effects of micronized nocodazole and liposome-entrapped nocodazole were compared on human marrow cells in vitro using a myeloid progenitor cell assay (CFU-C). The human CFU-C were sensitive to the micronized drug in a dose-related fashion. However, contrasting with a previous report on L 1210 leukemia, entrapping of nocodazole into liposomes did not increase its activity of CFU-C of either normal or leukemic subjects. PMID- 7344614 TI - Metastatic growth of 3-Lewis lung carcinoma in mice treated with alkyl lysophospholipids and lysophospholipid-induced peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7344615 TI - Low binding ability of the estrogen receptor from mammary tumors to heparin sepharose. PMID- 7344616 TI - [Stereometric studies of the normal human liver: study with optic microscopy]. PMID- 7344617 TI - [Mixed-type neurinoma of the base of the tongue]. PMID- 7344618 TI - [Data on gastric polyposis as a cancerizable lesion: apropos of a case of multiple polyposis]. PMID- 7344620 TI - [Healing of vascular prostheses of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene]. PMID- 7344619 TI - [Common variable immunodeficiency. Autopsy and clinical findings in a case]. PMID- 7344621 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy of probable viral origin in a 24-year-old man]. PMID- 7344622 TI - [A rare entity in breast pathology: adenoma of the nipple]. PMID- 7344623 TI - Aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery associated with aortopulmonary window. An autopsy report on a case with a long survival. PMID- 7344624 TI - [Critical note on the differential histopathological diagnosis of oral white lesions]. PMID- 7344625 TI - [Histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. An anatomo-clinical case]. PMID- 7344626 TI - [Primary melanoma of the female urethra. Personal case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7344627 TI - [A case of so-called congenital fibrosarcoma]. PMID- 7344628 TI - [Stereometric studies of liver biopsies of subjects with acute hepatitis]. PMID- 7344629 TI - [Histopathology and therapeutic prospects in "acute silicosis" studied on the basis of a rare case]. PMID- 7344630 TI - Naegleria fowleri and heated aquatic environments: a possible mechanism. PMID- 7344631 TI - [A starch gel electropheresis micromethod for the study of isolated microarthropods]. PMID- 7344632 TI - Nocardia-like mycobacteria isolated from natural habitats in Zaire. PMID- 7344633 TI - [Histochemical and microanalytical studies of the behavior of adreno-cholinergic mediators]. PMID- 7344634 TI - Some features of the morphology of internal organs in Ateles. PMID- 7344635 TI - Some anatomical achievements of the primatological centre in Gdansk. PMID- 7344636 TI - Tendinous cords of the heart in primates. PMID- 7344637 TI - The weights of extremities muscles in the evolution of man in aspect of brachiator theory of anthropogenesis. PMID- 7344638 TI - [Operational evaluation of a project of food-nutrition surveillance]. AB - The Project "Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SVAN)" of Honduras, functions in a pilot area of the Department of El Paraiso, Honduras, with the participation of several national institutions involved in the food and nutrition problem. In accordance with the plan established in the Project, an evaluation of SVAN was carried out with the following purposes: a) determine the efficiency of the System in relation to the established objectives and goals; determine the obstacles and problems that have risen and the necessary methods and resources to solve them, and c) arrive to conclusions in regard to the Project until the moment of its evaluation, an express recommendations for its future development and extension. The formal aspects evaluated were: objectives, goals, strategies, organization and functioning of the SVAN, advisory services and supervision, personal training, equipment and materials, indicators, actions generated by the SVAN and resources used. To establish the effective value of the Project, informal aspects such as integration of multisectoral surveillance groups were included, as well as communication among the participating sectors in the System, as a result of the functioning of SVAN. Finally, conclusions derived from the evaluation process are presented in regard to: efficacy of the SVAN, costs in terms of invested resources, and feasibility of the System concerning its future extension, both in time and geographic coverage terms. PMID- 7344639 TI - [DNA and proteins in the liver of rats fed with corn: the importance of expressing the concentration of liver proteins in relation to DNA]. AB - Variations in liver DNA and protein content were studied in rats fed common corn (diet I) and in another group of rats fed a diet made of corn starch ("maicena"), "chuno" (dried potato), sugar and fat (diet II). The results were compared with those from a control group fed a balanced diet with adequate protein. Diets were administered after weaning, for a period of 90 days. Animals on diets I and II showed an increase in the DNA concentrations per g of liver. Liver protein concentration was expressed in three forms: as mg of protein per g of liver, mg of protein per mg of DNA and mg of protein in the total liver weight. Animals raised on diet II had a decrease in liver protein, which was evident regardless of the way of expressing the results. On the other hand, in rats raised on corn (diet I), the results expressed as mg of protein per g of liver did not show a decrease in liver proteins, while the other two ways of expressing the results demonstrated a decrease in liver protein. It seems that the most trustworthy way to express liver protein concentration is as mg of protein per mg of DNA. The importance of expressing the results of liver protein concentrations as a function of DNA is emphasized and its usefulness demonstrated and discussed. PMID- 7344640 TI - Animal wastes. I. Effect of processing on the chemical and protein nutritional value of calf stomach. AB - The nutritive value of calf stomach waste from rennet production was assessed. The by-product was either drum-dried at the industry (DDSW) or mildly dried (60 degrees C) in a ventilated oven at the laboratory (MDSW). Part of the sample treated at the laboratory was autoclaved before drying (ASW). The protein and ether extract concentrations ranged from 34.25% to 44.31% and from 31.14% to 38.95%, respectively, and were lower in DDSW than in the other two samples. The ash content which ranged from 16.04% to 27.38%, was higher in the DDSW sample. Methionine, cystine, and available lysine were lower in the DDSW by-product than in the other two samples. Lysine availability was affected by the drum-drying and autoclaving procedures. Tryptophan was shown to be the limiting amino acid in all samples. Nutritive value, assayed both in DDSW and ASW, was lower in DDSW when compared with ASW or with casein diets as far as PER is concerned. The digestibility was shown to be ranked in increasing order for DDSW, ASW and casein. In conclusion, the results indicate that the waste from rennet production may be recommended as in inexpensive source of protein for animal feeding. PMID- 7344641 TI - Animal wastes. II. Chemical and nutritional evaluation of by-products from rennet and proteases production. AB - Drum-dried calf stomach waste (DDSW) from rennet production, after washing with water for salt elimination, as well as drum-dried porcine pancreas waste (DDPW) from protease extraction were used. Their chemical composition and nutritional values were studied. The protein content of DDPW was two-thirds that of the DDSW sample. The amount of ashes (acid soluble and insoluble) in DDPW was twice that of DDSW. Four diets, the protein sources of which were casein, DDSW, DDPW and a mixture of equal parts of both by-products (MSPW) were then prepared. Their nutritive value was assessed in weanling rats through the following parameters: food ingestion, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and and apparent protein digestibility. The DDSW sample showed the lowest nutritional quality for all parameters measured. The weight gain of rats fed diets containing casein, DDPW, MSPW, and DDSW were, 59.60 +/- 8.12, 84.63 +/- 9.89, 56.22 +/- 6.74, and 20.08 +/- 3.72, respectively. The PER for the same diets were: 2.82 +/- 0.33, 2.67 +/- 0.19, 2.17 +/- 0.25, and 1.30 +/- 0.20, in the same order. The protein digestibility of all experimental diets was about 70%, and that of the control diets, about 90%. As a conclusion, the by-product of protease production from porcine pancreas seems adequate as a protein source for animal feeding, despite its high level of ashes. Also, this by-product appears to be useful for feeding purposes, when mixed with the other animal by-products studies. PMID- 7344642 TI - [Optimization of the freezing process by load]. AB - A model was developed for the optimization of batch freezing to maximize the daily production of a plate freezer. An equation for the prediction of the optimal product thickness was found. The model was evaluated experimentally in a one-plate freezer with a food model consisting of a 9% bentonite mixture. The model demonstrated it predicted adequately the freezing times and optimal product thickness. Under the experimental conditions used by the authors, an optimal thickness of 0.0142 m was found, with five batches per day. The maximum daily production was 3.152 kg. PMID- 7344643 TI - [Effect of the position of the container in the retention of nutrients in food models heated by natural convection]. AB - The existence of statistically significant differences in the nutrient retention of products heated by natural convection in cylindrical containers of equal size when thermally processed in vertical and horizontal position was studied. The thiamine retention was found to be significantly greater for containers placed in vertical position. A modification to the model proposed by Barreiro (4) for the prediction of nutrient retention during thermal processing of vertically placed canned model systems heated by natural convection was also developed to adapt it to containers processed in a horizontal position. To achieve this goal, an equivalent characteristic length was found for the vertically placed containers, and several changes were introduced. The modified model was then evaluated through ten experiments with different thermal processing parameters. The theoretical thiamine retention values predicted by the model wee compared with the experimental retention. In all cases they were within the 99% confidence interval of the experimental values. This demonstrated that the modified model can accurately predict nutrient retention during thermal processing of products packed in cylindrical containers, and placed in horizontal position. PMID- 7344644 TI - [Possible relationship of physical, chemical and nutritional measurements of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)]. PMID- 7344645 TI - Protein requirements of preschool children: obligatory nitrogen losses and nitrogen balance measurements using cow's milk. AB - Obligatory N losses through feces (FN) and urine (UN) were measured in five children and N balance was measured in them and in five others (23 +/- 4 months old) using four levels of cow's milk intake. FN, UN and FN +UN were 19.5 +/- 6.9, 34.0 +/- 5.3, and 53.7 +/- 8.1 mg N/kg/day, respectively. The ratios of FN, UN and total obligatory losses (FN + UN + sweat and integumental N) to basal energy expenditure were 0.38, 0.64 and 1.11 mg N/basal kcal, respectively. The two latter values are 32 and 45% lower than the 1971 FAO/WHO estimates. Mean N requirement determined by factorial calculations using a correction factor of 1.3 and by N balance techniques was 98 mg N or 0.61 g milk protein/kg/day, which is 33% lower than the FAO/WHO estimates. Depending on the allowances made for inter individual variability, safe levels of protein intake ranged from 0.79 to 0.94 g/kg/day, 33 to 21% lower than FAO/WHO recommendations. Apparent and "true" milk protein digestibilities were 80 +/- 4% and 94 +/- 4%, respectively. PMID- 7344646 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax from a medical viewpoint]. PMID- 7344647 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the bronchospasmolytic action of fenoterol and trimethoquinol]. PMID- 7344648 TI - [Current chemotherapy of mycoplasmosis]. PMID- 7344649 TI - [Blood pressure variations in the pulmonary circulation during traditional bronchoscopy and bronchofibroscopy]. PMID- 7344651 TI - Effects of hypnotic suggestions of sensory change on event-related cortical slow potential shifts. PMID- 7344650 TI - [Negative effects of cigarette smoking on chemo-antibiotic therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7344652 TI - [Attention-dependent processes in tachistoscopic partial report]. PMID- 7344653 TI - [The summax-model of three-mode factor analysis with directly interpretable core matrix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344654 TI - Habituation speed as a predictor of signal detection performance: effects of attention or arousal? PMID- 7344655 TI - [Remarks on latent trait models as a special case of probabilistic measurement structures]. PMID- 7344656 TI - [Depletion studies on the essentiality of lead in growing rats]. AB - In model studies with rats it was tested whether symptoms of deficiency could be induced if only lead was removed from an optimal composed diet. For this purpose, one growth experiment and one experiment over generations were conducted. In both experiments depletion diets were fed with a lead concentration of 45 +/- 5 ppb, whereas the control diet was supplemented with 1 ppm lead. In the growth experiment there were no differences in weight and hematological criteria between lead-depleted rats and control rats after 30 days. Similarly in the experiment over generation neither the mother p0 nor the young rats of the f1-generation showed changes in growth rate. However, hematological abnormalities could be measured in these rats of the f1-generation at the day of weaning. In comparison with the control rats the lead-depleted rats showed reduced values of Hct by about 11%, Hb by about 15% and MCV by about 9%. Therefore, these experiments demonstrated first physiological abnormalities as the result of lead-depletion, findings which indicate the essentiality of lead. PMID- 7344657 TI - [A new method for testing the quality of food proteins for maintenance metabolism. 4. Testing of isolated proteins as well as various protein sources of plant and animal origin]. AB - Male adult rats (370 g body weight) were fed on maintenance level (460 kJ ME/kg 0,75). In a 10 days preliminary period they received a casein/methionin diet (95,5 W/W) supplemented with 10 mg N-15-excess per 0,178 kg metabolic body weight in form of ammonium acetate. Thereafter the animals were changed on 8 isonitrogenous diets containing as protein sources casein, soya protein, gelatine, whole egg, fish meal, pea, wheat and yeast. The N-15-excretion via urine and faeces 6th and 10th day after the end of labelling period was used to evaluate the dietary proteins for maintenance. N-15 in urine was lowest in animals fed with the wheat diet and highest after feeding the whole egg diet. From these data a so called "N-15-excretions BV" was calculated, which indicated the highest quality for wheat and soy protein in meeting the needs of the intermediary metabolism in maintenance. On the other hand, dietary protein sources influence the loss of endogenous nitrogen as metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN). It was found to be lowest in animals fed with diets containing isolated proteins (6 mg MFN/100 g body weight) and highest after feeding protein sources of plant origin with a high content in crude fibre (10 mg MFN/100 g). Both, losses of N-15 via urine and via feces were combined in a parameter called "total BV". According to this parameter the differences in quality for maintenance were only little between the protein sources testet (casein 100, soy protein 100, pea 99, wheat 99, whole egg 92, fish meal 89, gelatin 89). It was concluded that in maintenance the supply with indispensable amino acids is not critical and that the supply with dispensable amino acids (or nonspecific nitrogen) is of great importance. PMID- 7344658 TI - [Physiological nutrition studies of swine for the evaluation of modified proteins. 3. Relationship between the true and apparent N digestibility and amino acid absorption of the small intestines and the parameters of N metabolism]. AB - Modified proteins were tested in absorption investigations with eight pigs with ileocaecal re-entrant cannulae. The apparent digestibility up to the end of the small intestines showed considerable differences between the feed proteins (77 93%). The same differences could be observed with regard to the apparent absorption of amino acids. Concerning the true N-digestibility resp. the true absorption of the amino acids in the above mentioned section of the intestinal tract there were hardly any differences between the proteins given. The results show that there is a relation between the amount of endogenous N in the chyme at the end of the small intestines and the protein consumed. The amount of endogenous N in the chyme in the small intestines influence N-excretion in urine and thus the intermediary utilisation of feed protein. From the point of view of nutrition physiology it follows that the spun vicia-faba protein/casein (1 : 1) fibres (C) approximate best the value of casein (A). While the treatment of this mixed protein with dyaldehyde starch had a negligible effect on the ascertained parameters only, the treatment of the same protein with aluminium chloride diminished its value more. The isolated vicia-faba (B) was the poorest of the modified proteins tested. PMID- 7344659 TI - [Nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of non-lactating and lactating cows under various feeding frequency conditions]. AB - A cross-over trial with nine nonlactating nonpregnant cows (experiment I) and a single-reversal trial with eight lactating cows (experiment II) were conducted to study the effect of feeding frequency upon nitrogen balance. The three treatments in experiment I were twice daily forage and concentrate, twice forage and eight times concentrate, and ten times forage and concentrate per day. In experiment II the animals received their forage and concentrate in two equal feedings daily or the forage in two and the concentrate in six meals per day. The diets had a severely restricted crude fiber content of only 16% in the dry matter of the total ration. In experiment I feeding frequency had no effect on fecal or urinary nitrogen excretion, nitrogen retention and nitrogen utilization. In experiment II, the urinary nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased by 9% in response to feeding concentrate six times daily. Fecal and milk nitrogen excretion as well as nitrogen retention and utilization criteria, however, were not significantly different for the two feeding frequencies. PMID- 7344660 TI - [In vitro absorption of vitamin B 6 in various segments of the small intestine in male and female rats]. AB - The influence of different segments of the small intestine on the absorption of vitamin B6 from the mucosal to the serosal solution was studied with varying concentrations of pyridoxine . HCl (PN . HCl) of mucosal solution in 18 male and female rats, each weighing 150 to 160 g. The absorption was measured by the in vitro method with everted sacs, which were prepared of the duodenum (DA 1) and six additional segments (DA 2-7) of a length of 12 cm. The everted sacs were incubated at vitamin B6 concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 microgram PN . HCl per ml mucosal solution. Furthermore the dry matter and protein content of the intestinal wall was analyzed of 44 rats of either sex. Dry matter and protein content of the whole intestine of female rats were 3 per cent higher than of males. On the average of the male and female rats the protein content of the intestinal wall decreased from the proximal to the distal segments of the jejunum significantly by about 6 per cent, whereas dry matter content increased slightly. The ability to absorb vitamin B6 was significantly different between the intestinal segments, parallel in male and female rats. On the average of all concentrations the vitamin B6 uptake into the intestinal all and the vitamin B6 flux into the serosal solution was diminished by 30 and 50 per cent, respectively, from DA 1 to DA 7. A sexuell difference concerning absorbability of vitamin B6 did not appear. Between the concentration of PN . HCl of the mucosal solution and the absorption of vitamin B6 existed a highly positive correlation. PMID- 7344661 TI - [Reference values of hemoglobin content, the hematocrit and mean concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin in rearing calves without iron substitution. 2. Dependence on live weight and age]. AB - The hamoglobin content (Hb), the hematocrit (Hc) resp. the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined resp. calculated of the blood samples (1 to 6 per animal) taken from 491 rearing calves during the first 23 weeks of their lives. Hb, Hc and MCHC were graphed as arithmetic means with standard deviation, as quartiles and as frequency distributions on an interval scale in dependence on live weight (20 ... 160 kg) resp. age (1 ... 161 days). It follows that the period of development from birth up to 28 days of keeping in the weaning area of the rearing farm, up to an age of 63 days resp. a live weight of 80 kg must, under the reference conditions, be considered the minimal period in which the supply of iron covering the needs by iron intervention in the whole stock of calves seems advisable. PMID- 7344662 TI - [Joint action of estrogens and progesterone on mammary tissue of the castrated and previously estrogen-treated female rat]. PMID- 7344663 TI - [The macrosomatic fetus]. PMID- 7344664 TI - [Real-time echographic diagnosis of fetal death]. PMID- 7344665 TI - [Anesthesia in the pregnant myasthenic patient (considerations on 2 cases of voluntary interruption of pregnancy)]. PMID- 7344666 TI - [The verapamil-ritodrine combination in the prevention of premature labor]. PMID- 7344667 TI - [A case of twin pregnancy complicated by a papyraceous fetus, diagnosed by ultrasonography]. PMID- 7344669 TI - [The pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus in pregnancy (description of a case)]. PMID- 7344668 TI - [Fetal biometry by means of ultrasonography in twin pregnancies]. PMID- 7344670 TI - [Reconstruction of the cervical canal after removal of a fibromyoma of the cervix with infraligamental development]. PMID- 7344671 TI - [Voluminous sacro-coccygeal teratoma in a fetus in the 7th month of pregnancy]. PMID- 7344672 TI - [Anesthesiologic and resuscitation problems in celioscopy. Our clinical experience]. PMID- 7344673 TI - [Turner's syndrome: mosaic 45,XO; 46,XX; 47,XXX. Clinical and karyogenetic study]. PMID- 7344674 TI - [Prenatal sex determination using real-time echography]. PMID- 7344675 TI - [Real-time echography in the diagnosis of threatened abortion: diagnostic and prognostic evaluation compared with urinary HCG determination]. PMID- 7344676 TI - [Anticoagulant therapy in patients with heart valve prostheses. Considerations on teratogenesis and anesthesia]. PMID- 7344677 TI - [Structural abnormalities of the uterus as a cause of prematurity]. PMID- 7344678 TI - [Relation between the biparietal diameter ad abdominal diameter as a method of evaluation of the intrauterine state of the fetus]. PMID- 7344679 TI - [Uterine synechiae: treatment and results]. PMID- 7344680 TI - [3 cases of massive transplacental hemorrhage]. PMID- 7344681 TI - [Establishment, characteristics and experience of an abortion clinic]. PMID- 7344682 TI - [Socio-psychological aspects of voluntary abortion at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of Catania]. PMID- 7344683 TI - [Voluntary interruption of pregnancy: social aspects and psychological motivation]. PMID- 7344684 TI - [Our first experience with and considerations on the legal provisions of Law 194/78]. PMID- 7344685 TI - [Various aspects of voluntary abortion at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic of the University of Modena]. PMID- 7344686 TI - The relationship of skin cancer to PUVA therapy in Australia. PMID- 7344687 TI - Amelanotic lentigo maligna. PMID- 7344688 TI - Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. PMID- 7344690 TI - A new approach to treatment of various nail disorders. PMID- 7344691 TI - Localized dermal cryptococcosis following a scorpion sting. PMID- 7344689 TI - The effect of betamethasone dipropionate glycol ointment 0.05% (diprosone O.V.) on adrenocortical function. PMID- 7344692 TI - Ocular involvement in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7344693 TI - Congenital leukaemia. PMID- 7344694 TI - High dose radiotherapy for pituitary tumours. PMID- 7344695 TI - The ponticulus posterior of the atlas. PMID- 7344696 TI - The radiological appearances of pulmonary melioidosis: a report on twenty-three cases. PMID- 7344697 TI - The caudate lobe. PMID- 7344698 TI - An unusual cholecystoduodenostomy. PMID- 7344699 TI - Fluid collections around the kidney. PMID- 7344700 TI - Physical characteristics of a varian clinac 18/10 linear accelerator. Part 1--The photon beam. PMID- 7344701 TI - The development of a sectional anatomy component in a course for trainee radiologists. PMID- 7344702 TI - Daylight loading and processing systems for X-ray film. PMID- 7344703 TI - Principles in radiation medicine hazards. PMID- 7344704 TI - [Computertomography of the spine]. PMID- 7344706 TI - [Dynamics of the circadian rhythm of heart contraction and respiration rate in the immediate postanesthesia postoperative periods]. PMID- 7344707 TI - [Fertility of hydatid cysts in three animal species in Chile and the study of the viability of the scolices (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344705 TI - Antitumor agents from Streptomyces anandii: gilvocarcins V, M and E. PMID- 7344708 TI - [Soil-transmitted helminthiasis control program in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344709 TI - [Hematological effects of Loxosceles laeta venom in albino mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344710 TI - [Epizootiologic study of strongyloidosis in foals in a breeding farm, X Region, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344711 TI - [Soil-transmitted helminths in Brazil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344712 TI - [Human cysticercosis and praziquantel: a survey of first clinical experiences (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344713 TI - [Human infection by intestinal protozoa and helminths in three localities from continental Chiloe, Chile (1980) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344714 TI - [Anisakidae (Raillet and Henry, 1912) Skrjabin and Karokhin, 1945 Larvae in fish from the South Coast of Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344715 TI - [Soil-transmitted human helminthiasis in Guatemala (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344717 TI - HBeAg/anti-HBe system in the acute phase of HBsAg-positive hepatitis as a predictive test of developing chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7344718 TI - [The behavior of animal cells/cultivated in the presence of lysozyme and infected with vaccinia virus]. PMID- 7344716 TI - [A scope of soil-transmitted human intestinal helminthiasis in Chile (1970-1980) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344719 TI - Quantitative and qualitative differences in 125I CEA labelled at different concentrations. PMID- 7344720 TI - CEA-like substances in breast cancer. Differences in CEA-like activity in 48 primary breast carcinomas. PMID- 7344721 TI - [Effect of conalbumin on stimulation by phytomitogens and on rosette E formation of human peripheral lymphocytes of normal subject]. AB - We carried on an immunological in vitro study on conalbumin, an iron binding protein structurally similar to lactoferrin, a well know bacterial inhibitor of human milk. Conalbumin itself has been proved to have bacteriostatic activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal infections. The activity of conalbumin on the in vitro response to PHA, PWM and Con A and on the E-rosette formation ability and does not induce blastic transformation of lymphocytes. However, conalbumin has been able to significantly increase the in vitro response of lymphocytes to PHA and PWM, suggesting an action on both T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 7344722 TI - Hepatitis B virus serum markers (HBsAg, antiHBs, antiHBc): prevalence among drug addicts in north-east Italy. AB - Sera from 128 drug addicts without overt liver disease living in North-East Italy were tested for HBsAg, antiHBs, antiHBc. HBV infection serum evidence was present in 79.6% of the tested subjects: 14 (10.93%) were found to be HBsAG?76 (59.3%) antiHBs+ and 12 (9.37%) had antiHBc alone. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was four fold higher than that observed in age matched controls. Our figures are essentially in agreement with those observed in low HBV prevalence countries, indicating that drug addicts are a peculiar group, highly exposed to HBV infection irrespective of the entity of HBV circulation in a given population. However, the risk of HBsAg chronicity is not enhanced in drug abusers. PMID- 7344723 TI - [Diagnostic use of a radioenzyme test in urticaria-like disorders and in urticaria-angioedematous syndromes]. AB - The Authors report the results obtained with the histamine radioenzymatic test in the evaluation of the histamine content of granulocytes of 91 subjects, suffering from urticaria and urticaria-angioedema syndrome. The laboratory investigation was also integrated, according to the clinical implications, by other in vitro tests such as: kallikrein, RAST, PRIST, secretory IgA, precipitins assays. In urticaria-angioedema syndrome the quantitative and functional evaluation of C1 esterase inhibitor was also performed, to exclude the heredity of these pathologic forms. Basing on the results obtained, the authors expect that the granulocyte histamine radioenzymatic assay is highly reliable from the diagnostic viewpoint in the urticaria and angioedema forms. PMID- 7344724 TI - Meeting of the Internationbal Gesellschaft fur Chemo- und Immunotherapy. Vienna, November 6-7th 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7344725 TI - [Bioavailability of phenytoin. Comparison of data obtained in vitro, in healthy volunteers and in epileptic patients]. PMID- 7344726 TI - [Relative bioavailability of phenytoin and barbiturates in single or combined preparations]. PMID- 7344727 TI - [Changes in the hepatocyte concentration of glutathione after administration of stepronin. Histochemical study]. PMID- 7344728 TI - Innervation of the apocrine sweat glands. AB - The apocrine glands of the oral angle of the squirrel, and of the hairy skin of the body and the anal sacs of the cat possess cholinergic and adrenergic innervation. Their secretory tubules are enlaced by cholinergic nerves containing chiefly non-specific cholinesterase; the acetylcholinesterase concentration in them is very low in the squirrel and i the glands of the skin of the cat's body, and higher in the glands of the anal sac of the cat. The adrenergic nerve fibers of the apocrine glands possess a very low monoamine oxidase concentration; however, their nonmyelinated terminals, lying on the secretory cells and reaching the lumen of the secretory division, are rich in monoamine oxidase. The innervation of the apocrine and eccrine sweat glands is very similar; in the nerves of the apocrine glands, the acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase concentrations are lower in comparison with the nerves of the eccrine glands; the monoamine oxidase concentration is also lower in cells of the apocrine glands. The question of the essential similarity of the innervation of both types of skin glands - skin and sebaceous - is discussed. PMID- 7344729 TI - Permeability of the histohematic barriers in guinea pigs to serum proteins. PMID- 7344730 TI - The right of a minor to confidentiality: an aftermath of Bartley v. Kremens. PMID- 7344731 TI - Intelligence, psychosis, and competency to stand trial. PMID- 7344732 TI - Case study of an intriguing "primitive" murder trial: financial settlement between the murderer and the victim's family. PMID- 7344733 TI - Integrity checks on the witness stand. PMID- 7344734 TI - [Experimental changes in the sites of presumptive articular areas]. AB - Following proximo-distal and dorso-ventral reorientation of about the proximal (or distal) half of the chick embryo tibial rudiment, changes of the original morphogenetic fate of the latter occur. In the embryos operated upon between stage 24 and stage 26, from the bisected blastema two diminutive, tandem skeletal pieces each built of a diaphysis and two articular ends can develop. More restricted organogenetic changes take place when the tibial rudiment is divided during early phases of its chondrification (stage 26-27 1/2); in these cases, the presumptive diaphyseal (or metaphyseal) zone lying at one of the ends of both segments of the bisected tibia gives rise to an epiphysis sometimes reduced but often exhibiting an articular surface. The early rudiment of a long bone can, therefore, be viewed as an unitary morphogenetic field endowed with a remarkable plasticity. The site of the joints seems not to be definitely determined until the articular ends of the skeletal pieces undergo chondrification. PMID- 7344735 TI - [Structure and vascularization of the dental pulp in horse incisors]. AB - The dental pulp of 34 horses aged between 4 months and 20 years has been studied on India ink injected and on paraffin embedded specimens. The pulp dimensions of the first and especially of the second dentition decrease with age. This reduction is accompanied by pronounced changes of structure; the mucous connective tissue becomes a dense, irregular connective tissue. The vessels are numerous and make a network particularly rich at the margins of the pulp; they diminish with advancing age. The reduction of the pulp volume and the regression of its vascular network are particularly pronounced at the crown level whose pulp cavity is progressively filled with secondary dentin. The regression of the vascular network precedes the reduction of the pulp volume. PMID- 7344736 TI - [Kurloff's thymic inclusion : action on rat gonads in culture]. AB - Thymic and splenic extracts rich in FOA-KURLOFF (F.K.) body cells, obtained from guinea-pigs treated with oestrogen, were added to rat testis or ovaries in culture. Controls were prepared with extracts from thymus and spleen of non treated animals and from kidneys of treated or non treated animals. After five hours the level of sexual hormones and the germinal cells were studied. The F.K. substance has no effect on germinal cells and on progesterone and testosterone secretion. The F.K. substance induces a significative decrease of oestrogen secretion. In an other paper we established that F.K. bodies induced a hyperactivity of internal theca folliculi and of ovarian interstitial cells. It is a false image of activity in connection with a hypersecretion of FSH. The F.K. substance inhibits oestrogen synthesis. PMID- 7344737 TI - [Method for studying internal tensions at the intervertebral junction in extreme postures. Description of experimental material and preliminary results]. AB - The authors describe a device for measuring the resultant tensions existing at the intervertebral junction (or its constitutive elements) in all spine attitudes. The reported method has been applied to the L4-L5 junction of a spine taken from the corpse of a 50 years old man. Although incomplete, the results suggest the following points: --the L4-L5 intervertebral junction seems to be very deformable, particularly in the sagittal plane; --the intervertebral disk is probably an elastic support which sustains shear stresses during flexion, extension and bending movements in the frontal plane; --during flexion, articular processes seem to be movement leaders as well as supports; --ligaments seem to play a small mechanical role, but their proprioceptive function seems essential. PMID- 7344738 TI - [Anatomical and histological study of osteochondral and costal cartilage autografts in the dog]. AB - A macroscopic and microscopic anatomical study of the knees of 10 Beagles showed that thin osteo-chondral autografts taken from another joint healed perfectly macroscopically and almost perfectly histologically, if they fitted very well (figure 2). Rib cartilage grafts fitted perfectly to a dog's knee were not successful unless the perichondrium was turned towards the bone, in which case cartilage proliferated on the surface (figure 4). There was very little loss of substance but trans-chondro-osseus perforation also revealed a chondrogenic mode (figure 4). No trace was found in the literature of work concerning a comparison of these two types of grafts in the same experiment. PMID- 7344739 TI - [Study of the talus and calcaneus using microdurometry, penetrometry and compression]. AB - The authors give the results of various methods such as hardness micrometry, indentation tests and the radiographic study of fracture patterns, which they have applied to the talus and to the calcaneus. It appeared to them that: --these techniques outline the phenomenon of rupture behaviour of both talus and calcaneus; --the talus behaves as a fragile type of material whereas the calcaneus is of the intermediate type. The authors therefore think that these methods can be of great interest in a better understanding of the biomechanical properties of bone. PMID- 7344740 TI - [Development of the human parathyroid during the fetal period]. AB - Study of te human foetal parathyroid in 10 specimens from 27 to 360 mms 1.06 to 14, 18 inches) in length. Macroscopically the gland can be located by the recognition of its arterial pedicle and in the fetus from 4 to 6 months old by the presence of pseudocysts of Kursteiner. The histologic investigation in optic microscopy shows the increasing density of cells with a dark nucleus placed beside the other cells without interposition of fat cells. The oxyphil cells and the clear cytoplasm cells are missing. Kursteiner's cysts are situated at the periphery of the gland. The organotypic cultures can be maintained during 5 to 7 days. The viability of the cells is checked with microscopy and with dosage of parathormon in the medium by radio-immuno-assay. The favorable results incite us to follow up the cultures in view of further grafts. PMID- 7344741 TI - [Extrinsic and intrinsic vascularization of the scaphoid and lunate bones]. AB - This work was performed on 50 wrist dissections. The scaphoid is situated in the territory of the radial artery. Two extracapsular vascular pedicles are constant: --the lateral pedicle arises in the anatomical snuff-box, --the anterior pedicle arises in the "wrist pulse" area and passes behind the flexor carpi radialis. It lies on the radio-carpal ligaments. THe intra-capsular pedicles approach the scaphoid from its proximal pole. There are anastomoses and they lie on the deep dorsal and palmar ligaments. The multiple anastomotic branches may form an inconstant pedicle. The lunate is supplied by frequent but inconstant arterial pedicles. They are palmar and dorsal, superficial and deep (intra-capsular), distal and proximal, and lie on the radiocarpal ligaments. They originate from the three principal arteries of the hand or their branches. Anastomotic connections exist between them; if the vascular arrangement is complete, it is very reliable; when it is incomplete, it predisposes to Kienbock's disease. There is a close functional relationship between the scaphoid and the lunate. The vulnerability of these two bones to trauma which can also affect their ligaments explains the relative frequency of ischemic complications. PMID- 7344742 TI - [Anatomic conditions of sitting positions]. AB - Sitting positions are anatomically defined. Three types are described: sitting on a chair, on the ground, and half-sitting position. The ischial support is always predominant in durable sitting; the others are subsidiary: trochanter, thigh, trunk or forelimb. The respect of the articular mobility of the hips and knees is important. Several orthopaedical and neurological diseases disturb the anatomical conditions of normal sitting. PMID- 7344743 TI - [Study of human synovial cells in culture]. AB - Normal human synovial cells are cultivated in vitro; they actively multiply and fibroblast-like cells with structural characteristics of intermediate synoviocytes are obtained. In view of analyzing some functional aspects of this cell line, their endocytotic capacities have been studied. They also have been cultivated in a medium deprived of serum; a new cell type develops ("dendritic cells"). The latter are analyzed (cell division, endocytosis). As a comparison, human pulmonary fibroblasts (W I 38 line) and mouse macrophages are cultivated and studied under the same experimental conditions. PMID- 7344744 TI - [Somitogenesis of the human embryo: appearance of myotomes]. AB - In the human embryo, somitic segmentation takes place between stage 9 and 13, that is from 19-21 days to 28-32 days of age. Somites are initially formed of clusters of elongated epithelial cells. In embryos with 10-12 somites, a cavity (the myocele) appears in the central portion of the somites while the neural crest (with its migratory cells) begins to develop along the closed portion of the neural groove. Later on, the medial face of the somites gives rise to the sclerotomes in their ventral portion and to the myotomes in their dorsal portion. In embryos with 30 somites, the cells of the neural crest have developed and they push the myotomes in a ventral direction. The spinal ganglia that increase in volume form a relief on the surface of the embryo. The segmentation that is now visible is ganglionic and no more somitic. PMID- 7344745 TI - [Venous vascularization of the liver in the human fetus]. AB - The authors have studied the veinous pattern of 30 livers of human foetuses from 190 to 390 mm V.C. The injection-corrosion method was used. The portal and sus hepatic distribution is more frequently modal than for the adult. The portal anomalies touch more frequently the left branches: drainage of the right para medial area by the left para-medial vein, agenesis or atrophy of the left segmentary branches. The right branch breaks up into several branches in 51% of the cases. The sus-hepatic anomalies are distinguished by the plurality of the veins. The right middle and inferior veins are present in 70% of the cases. Exceptionally large peripheral anastomoses between portal and sus-hepatic systems are observed. PMID- 7344746 TI - [Perivascular spaces in organogenesis of the cephalic lobe of the hypophyseal pars distalis of the chick]. AB - The modifications of the extent and ultrastructure of the perivascular spaces during the development of blood vessel networks in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis have been analyzed in normally developing chick embryos, from the 7th incubation day to hatching. The quantitative evaluation of the changes undergone by the perivascular spaces, carried out on semithin sections, showed that their extent gradually decreases and that this reduction is paralleled by an increment of the extent of the capillary bed. The ultrastructural study of the hypophyseal sinusoids allowed a precise determination of the size and the minute morphology of these spaces, which attain their definitive characters only during the late incubation stages, when the endothelial basement lamina forms. PMID- 7344747 TI - Procollagen biosynthesis and processing in guinea pig fibroblast culture medium. AB - 1. Collagen biosynthesis and processing by primary cultures (2nd subculture) of guinea pig embryo fibroblasts were studied. Collagen represents about 15% of the protein synthesized and extruded by these cells under the culture conditions employed. 2. After incubating the cells with [3H]-proline for varying periods of time, the labelled products from the cell layer and the medium were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. Fluorography of the corresponding gels showed that the cell layer contained only mature alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 chains, while the medium contained five extra bands; four with mobilities between beta dimers and alpha 1 (I), and one migrating between alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2. These molecules were identified as predominantly type-I collagen precursors and represent about 96% of the collagen synthesized by the fibroblasts. 4. Kinetic studies of procollagen processing after both short- and long-term labelling periods showed that removal of amino- and carboxy-terminal peptide extensions occurred independently. PMID- 7344748 TI - Potassium-induced ventilatory reflexes originating from the dog hindlimb during rest and passive exercise. AB - 1. It has been previously shown that Ketalar-anesthetized dogs do not exhibit alterations either in ventilation or in oxygen uptake during passive motion. In the present study, the same model was used to study the effects induced by increasing extracellular K+ to the concentration achieved during active exercise. 2. The isolated hindlimbs of twelve dogs anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride i.v., after induction with sodium pentobarbital, were perfused with control (2.8 mM KCl) and experimental (8 mM KCl) physiological solutions under resting conditions, and in passive motion. 3. Respiratory minute volume (VE), respiratory rate (f) and tidal volume (VT) were determined by collecting the expired air in a Tissot gasometer. 4. During the control perfusion, the values of VE, f and VT for passive exercise did not differ significantly from those obtained under resting conditions. However, during perfusion with 8 mM KCl, a significant increase in VE was observed, possibly due to an increase of VT under resting conditions and to an increase of f during passive exercise. 5. The results suggest that passive exercise can induce a significant increase in ventilation only when accompanied by local chemical changes such as an increase in extracellular K+. PMID- 7344749 TI - Effects of hemidecortication on the regulation of rat thyroid function. AB - 1. Thyroid function in hemidecorticate and control rats was studied by the measurement of oxygen consumption (under basal conditions and after cold exposure) and radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid after a low-iodine diet for 30 days. 2. The oxygen uptake of male and female hemidecorticate rats under basal conditions (29 degrees C) did not differ significantly from that of the controls. The values observed for both experimental groups were relatively constant, ranging from 40 to 75 kcal h-1 m-2 for 2 to 50-day-old animals. 3. When hemidecorticate and control rats, age 60-65 days, were exposed to 7-8 degrees C for 5-6 h, the oxygen consumption of the hemidecorticate rats increased (83-84 kcal h-1 m-2) but to a lower extent than that of the controls (105-106 kcal h-1 m 2). 4. The rate of radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid gland of hemidecorticate rats was also lower than that of controls when the animals were maintained on a low-iodine diet. 5. These results show that, under basal conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of hemidecorticate rats does not differ from that of control rats. However, when exposed to cold the hemidecorticate animals were not able to increase their oxygen consumption to the extent achieved by the control groups. PMID- 7344750 TI - [Astrocyte activation with kainic acid in epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic brain structures and retina of the rat. Histochemical study]. PMID- 7344751 TI - [Pathogenic and epidemiologic aspects of Yersinia enterocolitica infections]. PMID- 7344752 TI - Histogenesis of endometriosis. PMID- 7344753 TI - [The relationship between brain pathology and psychopathology in the light of the space-time problem]. PMID- 7344754 TI - Morphometric study on pathological changes and observation by postmortem coronary angiography in infarction of the interventricular septum. PMID- 7344755 TI - Digital approaches to myoelectric state control of prostheses. AB - The design of a new three-state myoelectric control system is presented. This controller determines its operating state from the initial rate of increase of the myoelectric signal, and the concept is realized in great measure through digital logic techniques. Proportional control of both active states (same dynamic range) is a unique feature of the controller. A microcomputer was interfaced in a simple way with myoelectric potentials to simulate the three state controller described and to simulate various other state-determined control methods (some multifunctional). This was found to be a valuable method of evaluating control schemes without building the actual devices. PMID- 7344756 TI - Aid for training and evaluation of handicapped drivers. AB - An indoor driver-evaluator and trainer-aid vehicle, developed to quantify students' ability and progress in learning to drive, is described. In general, the instrumentation for each control was built to measure operating force and elapsed time. The system consists of functional ignition and gear shift control, instrumented steering wheel, hand controls for brake and acceleration, and elapsed response time meters for each control. The controls allow the major driving functions to be evaluated in their interactive mode and the subjects to be taught using variable mechanical resistance elements. Pilot tests were made on nine tetraplegic subjects, spaced over a 4-week period for a subject. Evaluation results by the third test agreed with road evaluation for all six of the subjects who thus far have attempted licensing examinations. PMID- 7344758 TI - The aphakic correction: an optician's view. PMID- 7344757 TI - Scotchcast P.V.C. interim prosthesis for below-knee amputees. PMID- 7344759 TI - Corneal epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. AB - Corneal epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ have not been emphasized as distinct clinical conditions in the literature. Seven cases are presented with their clinicopathological correlation. Six of the patients presented primarily with corneal signs and symptoms consisting of notable visual blurring or foreign body sensations, or both. Biomicroscopic examination revealed a geographic, diffuse, greyish-white haze involving the corneal epithelium, often with; subtle thickening and irregularity of the involved areas and overlying superficial punctate keratitis. Histologic examination showed all degree of corneal epithelial dysplasia up to carcinoma in situ. The diagnosis, course and management of these conditions is discussed. PMID- 7344760 TI - Use of Lester Jones tubes: a review of 40 cases. PMID- 7344761 TI - Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in childhood. PMID- 7344762 TI - Medial rectus insertion site in congenital esotropia. AB - Because of the clinical observation that in patients with congenital esotropia the medial rectus is inserted closer to the limbus than we have classically been taught, the distance between the medial rectus insertion site and the limbus was measured at the time of corrective surgery in 26 infants under 1 year of age with congenital esotropia. The distance in the 52 eyes was found to vary between 3.0 and 5.5 mm (mean 4.5 mm; standard deviation 0.57 mm). Of the 25 patients available for follow-up assessment 8 required another operation because of a residual esodeviation greater than 10 prism diopters, yet in some of the 8 a maximum recession of the muscle (6 mm from the insertion site) had been done. It is proposed that the maximum recession be increased to 11.5 mm from the limbus. This might reduce the risk of undercorrection, especially in patients with an esodeviation above 70 prism diopters. Further studies need to be done to evaluate the normal insertion sites of the extraocular muscles in the different pediatric age groups. PMID- 7344763 TI - Enhancement and inhibition of phagocytic activity in the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The phagocytic activity of the pigmented epithelium of the bovine retina was studied with an organ culture model. Latex particles coated with immunoglobulin, or bovine rod outer segments, both labelled with radioactive iodine, were the objects to be phagocytosed. Various agents were tested with this model for their effects on phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium. Iodoacetate significantly inhibited phagocytosis, as did penicillin, though to a lesser extent. Concanavalin A and gentamicin enhanced phagocytosis. Dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect. The results with lymphokines were not conclusive. PMID- 7344764 TI - Electroretinography and nystagmus: subtraction of eye movement artefact. PMID- 7344766 TI - Cardiovascular therapy. PMID- 7344765 TI - Tapioca melanoma of the iris: clinicopathological correlation with results of fluorescein angiography. AB - A tapioca melanoma in a 75-year-old Caucasian man was shown by light microscopy to consist of spindle B cells with abundant vesicular cytoplasm, minimal pigmentation and surface nodularity that correlated with the gross appearance. Electron microscopy showed spindle shaped cells with multiple premelanosomes and melanin granules. Iris angiography demonstrated an irregular crisscrossing vascular network with a papillary configuration and fluorescein leakage confined to the tumour. The clinical appearance of the lesion and the angiographic findings are characteristic of this unusual variant of iris melanoma and help distinguish it from granulomatous iritis and from neurofibroma, leiomyoma and metastatic carcinoma of the iris. PMID- 7344767 TI - Prognostic value of coronary arteriography. PMID- 7344768 TI - Cardiac pacemaker therapy: clinical considerations. PMID- 7344769 TI - Vasodilator therapy for congestive heart failure. PMID- 7344770 TI - Coronary atherosclerosis in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. PMID- 7344771 TI - Mechanical assist of the failing heart. PMID- 7344772 TI - Blood conservation in cardiac surgery. PMID- 7344774 TI - Hemodynamic and volume factors in the choice and followup of antihypertensive therapy. AB - Hypertension is a multifaceted hemodynamic abnormality which cannot be characterized only by considerations of cardiac output and calculated systemic resistance. The spectrum of its hemodynamic patterns has been shown to be much wider than a monotonous increase in resistance with normal or reduced output. Disturbances of extracellular fluid and of intravascular volume, as well as of cardiac performance and of large-vessel distensibility, play important roles in modifying the clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses. Cardiovascular performance is influenced not only by functional neurogenic and humoral factors, but also by structural alterations which have been shown to develop early in the disease and which do not necessarily parallel the changes in blood pressure alone. In the treatment of hypertension, hemodynamic and volume determinants are probably more important in combination therapy and in the assessment of resistant cases than in the empirical choice of the first-line drug. PMID- 7344773 TI - Plasma catecholamines in clinical medicine. PMID- 7344775 TI - Reoperations in coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7344776 TI - Congenital coronary artery anomalies: clinical and therapeutic implications. AB - Coronary artery anomalies are inevitably encountered during the performance of coronary arteriography. Proper identification by the angiographer is essential for conducting thorough and efficient investigations of the coronary artery system. Although most coronary artery anomalies are clinically insignificant, some are associated with symptoms and potentially serious complications. Further evaluation with stress testing and thallium scanning may be required. The cardiac surgeon should always be appraised preoperatively of the presence of coronary artery anomalies in order to avoid transsection, ligation, or iatrogenic occlusion of the vessel. Surgical repair of hemodynamically significant coronary artery anomalies has been performed with good results. PMID- 7344777 TI - Acute myocardial infarction with arteriographically normal coronary arteries: report of a case with postmortem findings of intimal fibroplasia of the coronary arteries. PMID- 7344778 TI - Management of systolic hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7344779 TI - Control of severe hypertension with pulse diazoxide. AB - Immediate or rapid reduction in blood pressure may be indicated in the management of hypertensive emergencies in patients with recognized cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Our study has shown that pulse administration of diazoxide is effective in reducing blood pressure in these patients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension. Blood pressure reduction was gradual and could be titrated with repeated pulses of 50 or 75 mg of diazoxide. Pulse administration of diazoxide may represent the preferred method of administration in most patients when this potent antipressor agent is indicated. Our experience suggests that pulse diazoxide appears to be a suitable alternative to other parenteral antihypertensive agents and provides a gradual reduction of blood pressure in high-risk patients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension. The procedure carries a minimum risk of serious cardiovascular sequelae. PMID- 7344780 TI - Medical versus surgical management of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7344781 TI - Comprehensive evaluation and management of patients with chronic pain. PMID- 7344782 TI - Aerosol treatment of influenza. PMID- 7344784 TI - [Thermography in preventive screening for the venous system of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344783 TI - [The diagnostic value of ventricular complex amplitude changes in exercise ECG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344785 TI - [Methods of nuclear medicine and laboratory techniques in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344786 TI - [Rheumatoid monoarthritis]. PMID- 7344787 TI - [Cosinor analysis of circadian rhythms in blood pressure and electrolyte excretion in patients with essential and renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344788 TI - [Osmolarity of residual urine in patients receiving regular haemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344789 TI - [Objective assessment of the effect of therapy for gastrointestinal ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344790 TI - [Present-day problems of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344791 TI - [Ethanol and its effect on glycaemia and lipacidaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344792 TI - [Chloroquine in the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda symptomatica. Twelve years of experience in 307 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344793 TI - [Myeloma in a 28-year old man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344794 TI - [Less usual haematological indications for splenectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344795 TI - [Extracolonic changes in hereditary adenomatosis of the large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344796 TI - [Bile acids in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease and diseases of the biliary ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344797 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes in the serum of patients suffering with chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344798 TI - [Suburoporphyrins in symptomatic hepatic porphyria and in experimental porphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344799 TI - [Familial incidence of congenital hepatic fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344800 TI - [Medical practice and environmental problems]. PMID- 7344801 TI - [Purulent pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344802 TI - [Pulse magnetic fields in different algic conditions of the locomotor apparatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344803 TI - [The effect of five-day fasting on skeletal muscle enzymes in obese men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344804 TI - [Biological material ion determination using selective electrodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344805 TI - [Serum concentrations of theophylline in different techniques of treatment with its derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344806 TI - Endocrine hypertension. PMID- 7344807 TI - Endocrine hypertension. PMID- 7344808 TI - Headaches. PMID- 7344809 TI - Congenital limb defects classification and treatment. PMID- 7344810 TI - Maxillofacial injuries. PMID- 7344811 TI - Blood vessels of the scalp and brain. PMID- 7344812 TI - Vertigo. PMID- 7344813 TI - The use of knowledge and health policy planning: forms and functions of the relationships. PMID- 7344814 TI - A study of fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in male office workers. PMID- 7344815 TI - Hemispheric lateralization and aesthetic judgement. AB - Pairs of slides depicting works of art were presented tachistoscopically to the left or right visual half-fields. Subjects performed an aesthetic judgement task, selecting the better work of art in each pair. Subjects with highly lateralized cerebral organization, as inferred by handedness or sex, performed significantly better in response to slides presented in one visual half-field (VHF) than in response to slides presented in the opposite VHF. Some of these subjects showed a left VHF superiority, while others showed a right RHF superiority. Subjects who were less lateralized showed no significant tendency to perform better in response to slides presented in one VHF or the other. The results are interpreted as an indication that subjects will perform a given task in a lateralized or a non-lateralized manner as a function of the interaction between individual differences in cerebral organization and the cognitive processes used to perform the task. PMID- 7344816 TI - Signal-detection analysis of hemispheric differences in visual recognition memory. AB - In the present experiment, subjects decided on each trial whether or not a unilaterally presented probe digit was a member of a previously memorized set of two, three, or four digits. The probe was presented at a near-threshold duration and followed by a visual pattern mask. Signal-detection estimates of detectability and response bias were obtained from subjects' confidence ratings regarding their decisions. The detectability of the probe in memory was significantly better when the probe was presented to the right visual field-left hemisphere than when presented to the left visual field-right hemisphere. The response criterion became significantly more lax as memory-set size increased, but only for probes presented to the left visual field-right hemisphere. The present results are consistent with reaction-time studies using verbal stimuli that indicate a left hemisphere advantage in the efficiency of memory comparison. PMID- 7344817 TI - The influence of lateral orientation on cerebral processing. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine if the lateral placement of a visual stimulus, and the observer's consequential eye-gaze position while orienting towards the stimulus, affects the observer's response to the stimulus. It was predicted that a lateral positioning of the eye-gaze would facilitate cerebral processing in the hemisphere contralateral to the direction of the eye-gaze. Because each hemisphere is generally specialized for certain types of processing, it was theorized that responses to "verbal" problems would be augmented when placed 20 degrees to the right of center as opposed to 20 degrees to the left of center; and that responses to "spatial" problems would be aided when the stimuli were located 20 degrees to the left of center as opposed to 20 degrees to the right of center. Twenty-four right-handed male and female adults served as subjects. Verbal problems consisted of a comparison of capital and noncapital letters. Spatial stimuli consisted of dot-and-square diagrams. In toto, the results of the performance tests are in partial support of the theory. PMID- 7344818 TI - The basis of visual constructional disability in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. AB - Patients with left and right unilateral hemispheric lesions were compared on the Form Assembly Task, a visual construction task requiring perceptual but not executive, motor, or verbal skills. Right lesioned patients were inferior to lefts and normals in both degree and frequency of impairment. Performances on the assembly task and two visual discrimination tasks were correlated among right but not left lesioned patients. Left lesioned patients took significantly longer to achieve maximum level of performance than either rights or normals. Neither sex nor duration of lesion affected Form Assembly performance. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that visual perceptual deficits underlie constructional difficulties among right but not left lesioned patients. PMID- 7344819 TI - Asymmetrical cognitive deterioration in demented and Parkinson patients. AB - Patients with Parkinson's disease and patients with dementia showed greater deterioration on functions attributed to the right cerebral hemisphere, than on functions attributed to the left. Relative to matched controls, Parkinson patients were significantly impaired on right hemisphere tests, but did not differ on left hemisphere tests. Demented patients were significantly deficient on all tests, but right decline was greater than left. Ninety-six patients were tested: 32 diagnosed as senile or presenile dementia, 32 Parkinson patients, and 32 non-neurological patients matched for age, sex and education. Functional performance was assessed by a battery of validated tests for left and right hemisphere cognitive functions. Patients were defined with two scores based on the results of the test: Cognitive Laterally Quotient (CLQ) reflecting the averaged performance on the left hemisphere tests, subtracted from the average performance on right hemisphere tests, and Cognitive Performance Quotient (CPQ), reflecting the total level of performance of both hemispheres. These measures defined a characteristic cognitive profile for each group. PMID- 7344820 TI - Facets of analytical processing in aphasia: a picture ordering task. AB - Aphasics, especially those diagnosed as Broca's, have more difficulties than patients will right hemisphere lesions when required to order six pictures on the basis of a single feature delineated by the extremes of the rank-order. Additional analyses indicate that they tend also to perform worse than patients with diffuse injuries and than patients with left hemispheric lesions without aphasia. Differences are more pronounced when the critical features have to be inferred from the depicted objects (e.g. age of persons) than when they can be seen directly in the drawings (e.g. girth of persons). The performance of the aphasics correlated significantly with word comprehension scores but negligible with the Token Test. Results are discussed with respect to analytical functions differentially impaired in aphasia. PMID- 7344821 TI - Selective attention and laterally in good and poor readers. AB - Good and poor readers recalled lists of three pairs of competing digits presented either Dichotically (separated by ear) or Spectral-Monotically (separated by voice frequency) and at different rates of presentation. Poor readers showed a reduced ability to attenuate unattended channels and, unlike good readers, showed poorest performance at the fast rate. These results suggest a specific attentional deficit, not merely representative of the poor readers' general tendency to do poorly on difficult language related tasks. PMID- 7344822 TI - Classification of musical information presented to the right and left ear. PMID- 7344823 TI - Influence of association value in recognition of random shapes under dichhaptic presentation. AB - A tactile version of the Vanderplas and Garvin random shapes was given to 80 right-handed subjects, ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. Complexity was constant across the patterns: half of them were chosen from the High Association Group while the remaining patterns were selected from the Low-Association Group. Stimuli were dichhaptically presented, each pair being composed of a High Association and Low Association stimulus. The subject's response was given on each trial by pointing to the corresponding shapes froma visual display presented following the removal of the test stimuli. Analysis of the data showed that age of subjects, hemisphere (R.H. better than L.H.) and Association Value (High Association better than Low Association) were significant factors in recognition. Sex was not significant as well as none of the the interactions. Results were discussed in terms of hemispheric specialisation. PMID- 7344824 TI - Right hemispheric mediation of dream visualization: a case study. AB - Our paper addresses, as did a recent study by Greenwood et al. (1977), the question of differential right vs. left hemispheric involvement in REM-sleep dreaming. A male subject with extensive lesioning of the right hemisphere and consequent contralateral homonymous hemianopia was studied for 2 nights in a sleep laboratory where a dream report was collected following each of 6 awakenings from REM sleep. The subject's dream reports were typically sequential and narrative in form, but were lacking specifically in continuous visual imagery. The occasional visual images that appeared in the subject's dreams were described as fragmentary and static in nature. The subject also was unable to perform waking tasks requiring the kinematic representation of extrapersonal space. These observations support the hypotheses that dream narratives may derive from different neurocognitive sources than do the specifically visual realizations of those narratives, and that the visual mediation of dream experience may depend on right-hemispheric processing. Differences between our findings and those of Greenwood et al. may be attributable to differences in dream interview technique. PMID- 7344825 TI - Development of hemisphere specialization for tactile recognition in normal children. AB - 8 boys and 8 girls at each three age levels (2nd-, 4th-, and 6th grade) performed a tactile-visual recognition task, in which a tactually palpated object shape had to be matched with its analogue on a visual display. The performances of the left and right hand were compared. The results indicated that the performance of the left hand was more accurate than that of the right hand for 6th grade children while no significant difference between hands emerged in 2nd- and 4th grade children. A sex difference was found, with the right hand superior to the left hand in females but not significantly different in males. These results are discussed in relation to the development of hemisphere specialization. PMID- 7344826 TI - Visual hemifield asymmetry for naming concrete nouns and verbs in children between seven and eleven years of age. AB - Three letter concrete nouns (Experiment 1) or verbs (Experiment 2) were exposed tachistoscopically in the right and left visual hemifields using a technique of bilateral stimulation with cued order of report. For subjects aged seven to eleven years, both types of word gave a small RVF advantage on words reported first and a larger RVF advantage on words reported second. This interaction between order of report and visual hemifield has been found by Young, Bion and Ellis (1980) to characterize stimuli which the right hemisphere is able to recognize. The absence of age X visual hemifield interactions argues against any progressive lateralisation through childhood, but may be indicative of the way the right hemisphere acquires its reading vocabulary. PMID- 7344827 TI - Ear asymmetry in telephone-listening behavior. AB - The notion that the right ear has an advantage over the left ear in verbal information processing was investigated. Telephone-listening behavior was surveyed in three different groups of subjects to discover whether there is a preference for listening with the right ear. Subjects included 97 persons selected at random whose jobs involved heavy use of the telephone, 141 persons also selected at random whose jobs did not involve heavy use of the telephone, and 99 university secretaries. It was anticipated (1) that a right-ear advantage would be present in all three groups, (2) that the right-ear advantage would be more prominent in persons who used the telephone a great deal, and (3) that the right-ear advantage would be most pronounced in secretaries since they frequently work in noisy offices where competition occurs between the auditory pathways. Findings showed no evidence of a right-ear preference either at the time the survey was conducted or in the respondents' report of their usual telephone listening behavior. Instead, a statistically significant left-ear preference was discovered in all three groups. Always listening with the left ear was associated with heavy use of the telephone. The most frequently given reason for listening with the left ear was that it freed the right hand for writing and dialing. This preference would appear to be motivated by convenience for although either ear is available for listening, it is easier to hold the receiver to the left than the right ear while grasping it in the left hand. Findings cast doubt on the view that the right ear has an advantage over the left ear in verbal information processing. PMID- 7344828 TI - Transient global amnesia associated with bradycardia and temporal lobe spikes. AB - This paper presents electroencephalographic evidence of bilateral independent temporal lobe spiking during an episode of transient global amnesia. The amnesia occurred during a period of hypotension secondary to sinus bradycardia. The amnesia recurred in absence of bradycardia and hypotension. The temporal lobe spiking leads credence to the thought that transient global amnesia occurs as the result of seizure activity. PMID- 7344829 TI - Arylsulfatase-cytochemical localization in lenses of normal and galactose-fed rats. AB - Our laboratory is involved in studying the mechanism of repair in the ocular lens. As lysosomal enzymes have been shown to play an important role in tissue repair, we have been investigating the status of lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and arylsulfatases, in the normal and injured lens. In the present investigation, we have examined the presence, distribution, and possible role of arylsulfatases (E.C. 3.1.6.1) in lenses of normal and galactose-fed rats. Arylsulfatases were localized in lenses using the cytochemical procedure described by Hopsu-Havu and Helminen (1974) using p-nitrocatechol sulfate as a substrate and then examined at the ultrastructural level. The reaction product resulting from arylsulfatase activity was mainly localized in the epithelial cells with very little activity in the cortical fibers. The intracellular activity was confined to lysosomes. Some extracellular activity was visible in the intercellular regions in both the epithelium and superficial cortex. With the progression of galactose-induced lesion in the epithelium the number of lysosomes exhibiting enzyme reaction product was found to have increased, and the lysosomes closely abutted the capsule. The biochemical assay indicated a considerable increase in the activity of arylsulfatases with the continuation of a galactose diet. The possible role of arylsulfatases in the normal and cataractous lens is discussed. PMID- 7344830 TI - Interaction of bovine pigment epithelium cells, photoreceptor outer segments, and interphotoreceptor matrix: a model for retinal adhesion. AB - A model system for retinal adhesion, consisting of interacting bovine pigment, epithelium (PE) cells and photoreceptor outer segments, was utilized to examine any adhesive role of the interphotoreceptor matrix. PE cells were dissociated by trypsin treatment of the eyecup, and were allowed to replenish their surface proteins as single cells in spinner culture. They were then placed into short term, slowly rotating suspension cultures, where their rapid aggregation as a function of time could be studied. Outer segments exhibited no tendency to interact with one another, or with PE cells, in suspension culture. Extracellular interphotoreceptor matrix from adult bovine eyes was isolated by rinsing the apposing surfaces of neural retina and PE. When this matrix material was added to the cell suspension cultures, adhesion between PE cells and outer segments in mixed cultures was not enhances. However, PE reaggregation itself appeared to be augmented. The principal matrix glycoprotein, obtained by concanavalin A affinity chromatography, displayed adhesive properties similar to those of the interphotoreceptor matrix. Thus, under the conditions of these in vitro experiments, no evidence could be obtained that either cell surface molecules or interphotoreceptor matrix plays a role in retinal adhesion. PMID- 7344831 TI - Water soluble marihuana-derived material: pharmacological actions in rabbit and primate. AB - Further studies have been made with water soluble marihuana-derived material (MDM). Neither adrenergic, cholinergic, aldosterone, dopamine or serotonin antagonism affected the fall in intraocular pressure induced by MDM. Partial blockade was obtained with galactose, glucose, or mannose, but not arabinose, when the latter were given at intravenous concentrations of 1 gm/animal and MDM was given at 25 micrograms animal, suggesting that these sugars may be involved at the active site of the MDM glycoproteins. Dexamethasone was without effect on either intravenous or intravitreal MDM indicating that the MDM effect is not a non-specific response to a protein. A similar plant glycoprotein, larch arabinogalactan, at 200 micrograms/animal was without effect on intraocular pressure. Aqueous humor flow rate was increased 3 hours after MDM administration, a period corresponding to the intraocular pressure increase caused by MDM, and fell to 20% of control values when the fall in intraocular pressure occurred. Blood flow through the iris was increased at both one and six hours after intravenous MDM injection indicating a vasodilation which could contribute to the initial increase in intraocular pressure. Intravitreal injection of MDM in rabbit and rhesus monkey caused a fall in intraocular pressure only after a 24 hour delay: the unilateral response indicated that systemic metabolism was not required for activity and the delay was likely caused by the diffusion time to the ciliary processes from the mid-vitreal injection site. The changes in beta receptors, adenylate cyclase and carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes are minimal indicating a possible vascular mechanism of action of MDM. PMID- 7344832 TI - Direct measurement of Raman spectra of intact lens in a whole eyeball. AB - The Raman spectrum of an intact rabbit and rat lens was measured intraocularly without taking it out of a whole eyeball. The Raman spectrum was identical to that of an excised lens. There was no evidence for Raman bands from cornea, aqueous humor, or other ocular tissue in the spectrum of intact lens in the eyeball. The result is an important step toward the clinical application of Raman spectroscopy in the field of cataract research. PMID- 7344833 TI - Laser raman spectroscopy of the lens in situ, measured in an anesthetized rabbit. AB - We have obtained the first Raman spectrum from the lens of a live animal. A laser beam (514.5 nm; 15 mW) was directed into the eye of an anesthetized rabbit at 60 degrees from the visual axis and Raman emission was collected at 90 degrees from the incident beam. The power density at the retina was estimated at 0.5 W/cm2. The entire scattering column in the lens can be imaged on the entrance slit of a spectrometer with so little distortion that Raman "optical dissection" analysis (Askren, Yu and Kuck (1979) Exp. Eye Res. 29, 647) can be performed on the in situ lens. The advantages of multichannel detectors over photomultiplier tubes with respect to in situ measurements are discussed. PMID- 7344834 TI - In vivo flavoprotein redox measurements of rabbit corneal normoxic-anoxic transitions. AB - Reversible normoxic-anoxic transitions from in vivo rabbit corneas were measured and displayed as mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence histograms. The flavoproteins were excited with a Helium-Cadmium laser at 441.6 nm, and the fluorescence was detected in the region of 550 nm. The laser excitation light was incident at the apex of the cornea perpendicular to the optic axis, and the emission was detected along the optic axis. Artifacts due to the motion of the globe and fluorescence from the iris and the lens were not significant. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive in vivo monitoring of corneal anoxia-normoxia, and suggest its future applications to studies with contact lens and corneal wound healing. PMID- 7344835 TI - Excitation and adaptation in the vertebrate retina. PMID- 7344836 TI - Pathophysiology of the vasculature of the distal segment of the optic nerve and choroid. PMID- 7344837 TI - Autoimmunity and the retina. PMID- 7344839 TI - [Chronic osteitis of the femur neck in children]. PMID- 7344838 TI - Accommodation in vertebrates: a contemporary survey. PMID- 7344840 TI - [Clinically primary osseous sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7344841 TI - [Post-surgical diskitis]. PMID- 7344842 TI - [A possible etiopathogenetic model in idiopathic arthrosis of the hip]. PMID- 7344843 TI - [Treatment of bicondylar fractures and those of the external lateral condyle with Kerboull's shaped plates]. PMID- 7344844 TI - [The Bankart-Delitala method of capsuloplasty. Anatomo-surgical findings]. PMID- 7344845 TI - [Exostoses of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae: observations on 2 cases]. PMID- 7344846 TI - [Surgical treatment of progressive ossifying myositis]. PMID- 7344847 TI - [Forced mobilization under anesthesia]. PMID- 7344848 TI - [Trigger-finger in obstetrical paralysis]. PMID- 7344849 TI - [Isolated dislocation of the head of the fibula (presentation of a case)]. PMID- 7344850 TI - [The EEC or Rudinger syndrome. Presentation of a case and orthopedic treatment]. PMID- 7344851 TI - [Special knee-joint prosthetic replacement in plasmacytoma of the distal femur]. PMID- 7344852 TI - [Solitary osseous "non-secreting" plasmacytoma associated with diffuse polyradiculoneuritis. Description of a case]. PMID- 7344853 TI - [Disk hernia in children: observations of a case]. PMID- 7344854 TI - [Association of Paget's disease with metastasis from a prostatic carcinoma in the same bone segment]. PMID- 7344855 TI - [Fracture of the axillary margin of the scapula]. PMID- 7344856 TI - [A typical sports injury in adolescents: detachment of the tibial tuberosity. Presentation of a case with associated avulsion of the patellar tendon]. PMID- 7344857 TI - [The hemorrhagic senile shoulder (clinical case)]. PMID- 7344858 TI - [Deferoxamine B treatment of hemosiderosis in the anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis]. PMID- 7344859 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the humeral condyle in children]. PMID- 7344860 TI - [Rupture of the stomach following deep-sea diving: report on three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344861 TI - [Iatrogenic, post-anesthetic stomach ruptures]. PMID- 7344862 TI - [Thoracic outlet compression syndrome by tumour of the first rib (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344863 TI - [Oesophagogastric fistula: a rare complication of hiatus hernia surgery: report on three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344864 TI - [Biliary tract surgery under epidural anaesthesia: report on a series of 53 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344865 TI - [Changes in surgical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344866 TI - [The therapeutic effect of tetrandrine on silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344867 TI - [Investigation of chemical components of lung tissue on 12 cases of human pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344868 TI - [Primary investigation on asthma in 142,035 inhabitants both in Shanghai urban and Jiashan rural areas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344869 TI - [The anti-asthma effect of compound cycloclenbuterol on bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344870 TI - [Evaluation on the clinical significance of small airway tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344871 TI - [The influence and clinical significance of bronchial spasm upon the residual volume in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344872 TI - [Observation of vectorcardiographic P loop changes in chronic cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344873 TI - [Rate of acetylation of isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis and its relationship with effect and side-effects of treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344874 TI - [Hemopneumothorax (a report of 14 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344875 TI - [Studies on respiratory mechanism in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis by spirometric measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344876 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7344877 TI - Age dependency of rolitetracycline-induced hepatic steatosis. AB - A comparative study on the effect of rolitetracycline (50 micrograms/g i.v.) on the hepatic content of triglycerides and the release of esterified fatty acids from the liver into the blood was performed in young and adult NMRI mice of both sexes. Rolitetracycline caused an accumulation of triglycerides only in the livers of adult animals, the effect being much more pronounced in females than in males. In agreement with this a very strong inhibition of lipid release from the liver and a significant decrease of the esterified fatty acids of the serum was produced only in adult females. The results suggest that the livers of young animals of both sexes are relatively resistant to the steatotic effect of rolitetracycline. PMID- 7344878 TI - Relationship of thyroid hormone levels to the severity of the narcotic withdrawal syndrome. AB - Serum T3, T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated in 24 neonates of mothers taking methadone and compared with 16 normal controls using cord serum and serum taken on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14. Patients were divided into treated (Rx; n = 14) and not treated (No Rx; n = 10) groups based on withdrawal scores and correlated to thyroid hormone levels. T4 levels were greater in the Rx group when compared to controls on days 2, 4 and 7 (p less than 0.01) and when compared to the No Rx group on days 3 and 7 (p less than 0.005). No Rx patients had higher T4 levels when compared to controls on day 4 (p less than 0.05). In general T3 levels paralleled T4 results. TSH levels were decreased in the Rx group compared to No Rx and controls on day 2 (p less than 0.01). Lipsitz scores correlated with T4 levels on days 3, 4, and 7 in methadone patients (p less than 0.05) but did not correlate with T3 or TSH. These findings suggest a correlation between the severity of withdrawal symptoms and T4 and T3 levels. PMID- 7344879 TI - Effect of nicotine sulfate on the hemodynamics and acid base balance of chronically instrumented pregnant sheep. AB - The maternal and fetal effects of nicotine sulfate (15 mg/10 min) upon the hemodynamics and acid-base balance were evaluated in 9 intravenous infusions to 5 chronically instrumented pregnant sheep preparations of 97-117 days of gestation. Experiments were performed from 2 to 11 days postoperatively. Maternal (n = 9) and fetal (n = 8) arterial blood samples were simultaneously drawn at 0, 10, 30 and 60 min from the start of infusion. Maternal arterial pH transiently increased from 7.47 +/- 0.01 to 7.51 +/- 0.01 units (p less than 0.01) at 10 min. Maternal arterial base deficit simultaneously fell from -2.41 +/- 1.3 to -0.3 +/- 1.1 mEq/l (p less than 0.01). Maternal blood pressure increased during the infusion from 90.8 +/- 3.8 to 118.7 +/- 5.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) at 10 min, remaining elevated at 30 min. Maternal heart rate transiently rose from 97 +/- 6 to 107 +/- 6 beats/min (p less than 0.01) at 1 min, returning to control levels by 10 min. 10 min into infusions a decrease in uterine blood flow was recorded as 28.7 +/- 9.0% (p less than 0.02) below preinfusion values. A gradual recovery to -8.5 +/- 2.9% ws observed (p less than 0.025) at 60 min. Fetal blood pressure also decreased transiently from 52.6 +/- 2.3 to 50.2 +/- 2.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) during the infusion. Fetal arterial PCO2 fell from 41.1 +/- 3.1 to 37.2 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) at 10 min. A transient increase was seen in fetal heart rate from 197 +/- 12 to 215 +/- 15 beats/min (p less than 0.05) at 30 min. No significant changes were seen in fetal arterial PO2 and O2% saturation of hemoglobin. All maternal and fetal values except uterine blood flow returned to preinfusion levels by 60 min. PMID- 7344880 TI - Effect of exchange transfusion on serum gentamicin concentrations. AB - To determine whether an exchange transfusion increases the rate of elimination of gentamicin, we measured drug (and bilirubin) concentration either before and during, or during and after a standard two-volume exchange procedure in 7 newborns. In an additional 5 infants, serum was obtained only on initiation and conclusion of the procedure. The mean decrement in serum gentamicin concentration with the procedure was 2.2 micrograms/ml; this was 25.7% of the original mean concentration. The mean elimination rate constant during the procedure was 0.342 h-1, a value significantly greater (p = 0.013) than the mean rate before or after the procedure, 0.104 h-1. We conclude that the exchange transfusion procedure significantly increases the rate of gentamicin elimination. The decrement produced by the procedure may result in subtherapeutic concentrations, if the initial values are marginally efficacious. PMID- 7344881 TI - Aminoglycoside dosage in pediatric patients:considerations regarding pharmacokinetic-based dose adjustment in patients requiring high versus low dose therapy. AB - Pharmacokinetic-based adjustment of individual aminoglycoside dosage regimens is currently being utilized in the clinical setting in an attempt to avoid toxicity and/or enhance efficacy. In this report, comparison have been made between initial and adjusted aminoglycoside dosage employed in toddlers and older children with cystic fibrosis or leukemia (high daily dose) and neonates (low daily dose) with suspected or proven infection. The initial versus adjusted mean aminoglycoside dosage was 14.1 and 17.0 mg/kg/day, respectively, in toddlers and older children with cystic fibrosis, and 7.1 and 11.5 mg/kg/day, respectively, in toddlers and older children with leukemia. Neonates with suspected or proven infection had an initial mean total daily dose of 7.4 mg/kg/day and the adjusted mean daily dose was 5.4 mg/kg/day. The use of a single pharmacokinetic dosing model for all patients, irrespective of evidence of increased or decreased drug elimination, results in widely differing drug dosages. Important and serious questions must be considered regarding the balance between efficacy and toxicity resulting from the rigid manner by which dosage adjustment protocols are employed. PMID- 7344882 TI - Chylomicronemia syndrome in diabetes mellitus. AB - Lipemic plasma with marked elevations of plasma triglyceride levels (3221 +/- 1590 mg/dl) and fasting chylomicronemia was observed in nine patients with uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Every case had hypertriglyceridemic relatives, suggesting that the very high triglyceride values seen resulted from the coexistence of diabetes with a familial form of hypertriglyceridemia. A number of clinical and biochemical features observed in the diabetic patients and also in a group of nondiabetic controls with comparable degrees of hypertriglyceridemia suggests that these manifestations are related to high plasma triglyceride levels rather than to the diabetes per se. Chronic abdominal pain, mental confusion, and memory loss improved with lipid-lowering therapy and clearing the plasma of chylomicrons. Pulmonary function tests, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity were normal; the mild hypoxemia observed is believed to be an artifact. It is suggested that a syndrome due to chylomicronemia can occur in uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, who in addition have a familial form of hypertriglyceridemia. To prevent manifestations of this syndrome in these patients, specific lipid lowering therapy may be required in addition to control of their diabetes. PMID- 7344884 TI - Symposium on home glucose self-monitoring. PMID- 7344883 TI - Hemoglobin A1c compared with three conventional measures of diabetes control. AB - Control of diabetes was studied during an 8-wk camp program in 18 insulin dependent counselors with a mean age of 19.3 yr and a mean duration of diabetes of 11.4 yr. A composite score was obtained for each subject derived from three factors: percent sugar-free urine tests, 24-h glucose excretion as percent of carbohydrate intake, and mean preprandial blood glucose (MPBG). The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the end of the period was 8.3 +/- 1.6% (+/ SD) (normal range, 4-6%). Scores ranging from 24 (fair control) to 45 (excellent control) showed a significant inverse correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.807, P less than 0.001) and MPBG (r = -0.674, P less than 0.01). HbA1c showed a significant correlation with the MPBG (r = 0.693, P less than 0.01). The HbA1c level was predicted better by percent sugar-free urine tests than by the 24-h glucose excretion. Thus it appears that accurate quantification of control may be obtained by using a scoring system. Critical comparison of HbA1c levels to various glycemic indices may provide useful alternatives for estimating diabetes control. PMID- 7344885 TI - Comparison of various methods for rapid glucose estimation. AB - We studied the accuracy of three techniques for the rapid estimation of the blood glucose concentration with reagent strips in samples of blood from inpatients with diabetes mellitus. We observed that the visual inspection of Dextrostix gave results that were too inaccurate for this technique to be of practical clinical benefit. In contrast, when performed by registered nurses, both the Dextrostix Eyetone method and the visual inspection of Chemstrips yielded results that were closely correlated with the measured serum glucose concentrations. With both of the latter techniques, less than 11% of the determinations varied from the actual serum glucose concentration by more than 20%. We conclude that both these techniques are sufficiently accurate to be of potential use in the home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 7344886 TI - A comparison of accuracy and estimated cost of methods for home blood glucose monitoring. AB - Venous serum glucose concentrations determined by a laboratory hexokinase technique were compared over a wide range of glucose concentrations with concentrations of capillary blood glucose determined by three reflectance meter techniques currently available in the United States (Eyetone and Dextrometer, Ames Company; StatTek, Bio-Dynamics BMC) and by visual interpretation of reagent strips (Chemstrip bG, Bio-Dynamics BMC). The Chemstrip bG reagent strip was read by patients, nurses, and a physician. In all cases, there was an excellent correlation between laboratory serum glucose concentrations and reflectance meter blood glucose determinations (r = 0.90-0.94, P less than 0.0001) or visual interpretation of Chemstrip bG (r = 0.85-0.92, P less than 0.0001). Chemstrip bG appears to be the least expensive method of glucose measurement. This method offers additional advantages in not requiring a reflectance meter, which needs frequent recalibration and other ancillary equipment for blood glucose determination. PMID- 7344887 TI - Comparison of methods for blood glucose monitoring. PMID- 7344888 TI - A comparison study of blood glucose test strips. AB - Blood glucose test strips provide a convenient and rapid method for estimation of blood glucose. They can be read either by eye against a color scale or in a reflectance meter. This study compares the performance characteristics of the principal test strips available. When read visually, the BM Glycemie 20-800 (Chemstrip bG) strip was shown to be more accurate than the Dextrostix strip. Comparison of the meter systems showed Reflotest-Glucose to be more accurate and precise than Dextrostix. This was because the Reflotest system was read closer to the endpoint of color development and because there was less subsequent color fade than with the Dextrostix system. Reflotest-Glucose and Reflotest Hypoglycemie developed colors that were stable for at least 2 days after completion of the test. However, when using a reflectance meter the Reflotest system required two strips to cover the important range of blood glucose. PMID- 7344889 TI - Stability of reacted reagent strips (Chemstrips) for blood glucose determinations. AB - Reacted Chemstrips were placed in an unsealed envelope or in desiccator vials which were opened daily after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days. The time of change of the reading for 2 days in a row by all three observers was noted. Readings in the low and normal range were most stable and can be considered reliable for 2-3 days when protected from light. If in a desiccator tube, the strips can be reliably reread when the tube is opened as long as 7 days later. In a separate study, strips were left exposed on the laboratory bench or placed in a vial and read frequently for 6 h and again at 28 h. This exposure, comparable to the CS being taped to a hospital record, results in reading changes as early as 2 h after reaction. PMID- 7344890 TI - Self-monitoring of blood glucose without a meter. AB - We studied the reliability of the Chemstrip system in the self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic patients. A total of 453 blood glucose values obtained by 38 diabetic patients using Chemstrip were compared with the glucose values of the same blood samples measured with a conventional laboratory method. We found a definite tendency at concentrations less than 320 mg/dl for patient-read Chemstrip values to be too low. Also, we found a wide range in laboratory values corresponding to a given patient-read Chemstrip value. However, a better agreement between Chemstrip and laboratory values was obtained when the Chemstrips were read by trained staff. We recommend, therefore, that the use of Chemstrip in the self-monitoring of blood glucose can be restricted to patients who have shown competence in the use of Chemstrip during prior testing. PMID- 7344891 TI - Comparison of blood glucose testing using reagent strips with and without a meter (Chemstrips bG and Dextrostix/Dextrometer). PMID- 7344892 TI - Intravenous home blood glucose monitoring. AB - This study examines the correlation between the blood glucose concentration estimated by diabetic subjects at home using a Chemstrip bG reagent strip, and the blood glucose concentration subsequently measured in a Beckman glucose analyzer. Blood samples were obtained by eight diabetic patients throughout a period of 30 days in the home environment. Using the technique of i.v. blood withdrawal, a 250-microliters portion of each blood sample was stored for later physician verification of the blood glucose concentration. The preservative in these stored sampled inhibited the utilization of glucose in the blood samples for at least 30 days. Our results demonstrate that in the home setting, a highly significant correlation (R = 0.85, P less than 0.001) can be obtained between the plasma glucose concentration as estimated by Chemstrip bGs and the blood glucose concentration as estimated by Beckman automated glucose analysis. However, within the diabetic group, marked variation existed in correlation coefficients such that the highest correlation coefficient was 0.94, and the lowest was 0.72. Furthermore, the use of Chemstrip bGs tends to influence a patient's reading toward the preselected color chart of glucose concentration on the Chemstrip bG label. We conclude that i.v. home blood glucose monitoring provides a method whereby the physician can assess the accuracy with which his patients can monitor their blood glucose concentrations in a home environment. PMID- 7344893 TI - Physician-patient communication in chronic illness. PMID- 7344894 TI - Changes in basement membrane thickening. PMID- 7344895 TI - [Gastroduodenal perforations of ulcerous origin in Senegal. Therapeutic considerations of apropos of 67 cases collected at the Surgical Clinic of the A. Le Dantec Hospital]. PMID- 7344896 TI - [Severe injuries of the cervical spine. Neuro-surgical experience in Dakar (apropos of 90 cases)]. PMID- 7344897 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the ear (apropos of 16 cases)]. PMID- 7344898 TI - [Initial evaluation of an action of nutritional education in the Medina of Dakar]. PMID- 7344899 TI - [Synthetic antimalarials and maculopathy. Apropos of 2 cases observed at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of the Hospital-University Center of Dakar]. PMID- 7344900 TI - [Congenital cataracts in Senegal]. PMID- 7344901 TI - [Proposition of criteria codification which can serve in the clinical and/or serological diagnosis of primary cancer of the liver]. PMID- 7344902 TI - [Toxicologic study of nitrotoluenes. Determination of the irritant action on the skin and mucous membrane]. PMID- 7344903 TI - [Solitary plasmocytoma in E.N.T]. PMID- 7344904 TI - [Discovery of historic hyperparathyroidism from spontaneous fractures]. PMID- 7344905 TI - [Value of lateral transparietal cholangiography with a fine needle in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice in tropical medicine]. PMID- 7344906 TI - [Location of the large hypoglossal nerve in relation to the submaxillary gland and the inferior maxilla based on 33 dissections]. PMID- 7344907 TI - [Mucoviscidosis in the child (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 7344908 TI - Aging as a confounding factor in carcinogenicity bioassays. PMID- 7344909 TI - Caffeine: an update. AB - While the total annual volume of caffeine has increased over the years, the actual per capita daily intake has not. This is based on the fact that the quantity of caffeine in a soft drink is about the same or, in the case of diet drinks, less than in 1961 when the original GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) determinations were made. Since that time, there have been numerous studies on the effect of caffeine on animals and humans. The Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) in 1978 reviewed all the data available at that time and concluded that there is "no evidence in the available information on caffeine [that] demonstrates a hazard to the public when it is used in cola-type beverages at levels that are now current and in the manner now practiced...", although they did suggest further study was necessary. The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association (FEMA) Expert Panel has now reviewed not only the same data s the FASEB (SCOGS) Committee, but several more recent studies. On the basis of this review, the Panel reaffirms the GRAS status of caffeine under conditions of its current use as an international ingredient in nonalcoholic beverages. PMID- 7344910 TI - A collection of guinea pig sensitization test results--grouped by chemical class. AB - Various chemical groups were evaluated for their skin sensitization potential in the guinea pig. In general, amines, acetanilides, pyridines, piperidines, and sulfones were positive in the guinea pig test. Since these tests were done over a period of years, any further structural-related correlations or predictions should be made with caution due to variability of sample purity or differences in methodology. It is important to realize that every chemical which is positive in the guinea pig should not be construed as definitive evidence of human skin sensitization. PMID- 7344911 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on serum digoxin concentration during administration of liposome-entrapped digoxin: an examination of possible drug interactions. AB - The effect of concomitant administration in normal dogs of phenobarbital with either oral free digoxin, oral liposome-entrapped digoxin were examined. Phenobarbital induced a transient rise in serum digoxin concentrations during concomitant administration of oral free digoxin. Phenobarbital did not affect serum concentrations of either oral or intravenous liposome-entrapped digoxin. The results suggest that liposome-entrapped digoxin may be protected against transient fluctuations in serum concentrations during concomitant administration of phenobarbital. The protective liposome encapsulation of digoxin may prevent digoxin toxicosis in dogs induced by elevations in serum digoxin concentrations during concomitant administration of phenobarbital. PMID- 7344912 TI - The toxicological evaluation of carminomycin - an antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic. AB - Carminomycin, an anthracycline antibiotic discovered in the Soviet Union, possesses antitumor activity and is chemically related to adriamycin and daunorubicin. The toxic effects of carminomycin observed in single-dose toxicologic studies in mice iv (4.5-13.5 mg2) and po (18.9-52.2 mg/m2), rats iv (6.0-21.0 mg/m2), dogs iv (1.0-16.0 mg/m2) and po (16.0-80.0 mg/m2), Rhesus monkeys po (24.0-144.0 mg/m2); and in multiple-dose studies in dogs iv (18 doses 0..6-5.0 mg/m2, 2X/week) and rats sc (9 doses 3.0-12.0 mg/m2, 3X/week), were dose related and primarily manifested as suppression of hematopoiesis. Other toxicities observed included nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, decreased spermatogenesis, decrease in size and activity of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and ovarian alterations. In general, these toxicities were reversible in surviving animals during recovery periods. Cardiotoxicity, similar to that seen with adriamycin sc (13 doses 12.0 mg/m2, 1X/week) was not observed with carminomycin sc (13 doses 6.0 mg/m2, 1X/week). PMID- 7344913 TI - [The Finnish Medical Society's Duodecim: 100 years of medical progress]. PMID- 7344914 TI - [Will the human genome deteriorate?]. PMID- 7344915 TI - [Congenital defects]. PMID- 7344916 TI - [Can neonatal problems be overcome?]. PMID- 7344917 TI - [The child in a changing society]. PMID- 7344918 TI - [The curious rise and fall of coronary heart disease: a mystery of human illness]. PMID- 7344919 TI - [Cancer in the year 2000]. PMID- 7344920 TI - [Infectious diseases in the year 200]. PMID- 7344921 TI - [The nature of stress]. PMID- 7344922 TI - [Problems of aging]. PMID- 7344923 TI - [Hazardous environment of tomorrow? Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity]. PMID- 7344924 TI - [Molecular biology: the key to unsolved medical problems?]. PMID- 7344926 TI - [Health, disease, and the political process]. PMID- 7344925 TI - [Back to nature in medicine?]. PMID- 7344927 TI - [The effect of tracheobronchial suction on oxygenation in newborn infants]. PMID- 7344928 TI - [Electron microscopic study of 2 different types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex]. PMID- 7344929 TI - [Double-contrast radiography in reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 7344930 TI - [Lymphatic dissemination of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Experiences from 3 institutions]. PMID- 7344931 TI - [Hypokalemia, alkalosis and arrhythmia in an alcoholic]. PMID- 7344932 TI - [Medullary compression symptoms in 2 cancer patients]. PMID- 7344933 TI - [Inoperable pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7344934 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum and respiratory distress in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7344935 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference LXVIII. Hypoglycemia and pancreatitis]. PMID- 7344936 TI - Practical therapeutics--the use of antibiotics and related chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 7344937 TI - Haemolytic activity of trypanosomes. PMID- 7344938 TI - Effects of D-aldosterone on sodium and potassium concentrations of incubated renal slices--a dual mechanism of action. PMID- 7344939 TI - Practice of medicine and prospects for the next decade: nutrition in Kenya in the nineteen eighties--strategy considerations. PMID- 7344940 TI - Glyoxalase activity and the proliferative response of human blood lymphocytes to PHA stimulation. PMID- 7344941 TI - Chromosomal disorders as seen at Muhimbili Medical Centre Dar Es Salaam. PMID- 7344942 TI - Reactions and cardiovascular changes at excretion urography. PMID- 7344943 TI - Rubella, measles and poliomyelitis: need to re-examine immunization programme in Eastern Nigeria. PMID- 7344944 TI - Variations in position and timing of umbilical cord ligation at caesarean section and blood volume of infants--a preliminary report. PMID- 7344945 TI - Clinical, scintigraphic, radiographic and angiographic findings in pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7344946 TI - The three cases of conjoined twins of Nairobi 1976-1979. PMID- 7344947 TI - Usher's syndrome in a Nigerian child. PMID- 7344948 TI - Puerperal inversion of the uterus. PMID- 7344949 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma and urinary immunoreactive calcitonin in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - The immunological heterogeneity of calcitonin (CT) was examined in fractions separated by gel filtration (Bio Gel P-30) from plasma and urine samples of two patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid obtained after calcium infusion and after thyroidectomy. Five distinct forms of immunoreactive CT were observed by gel filtration of plasma before treatment; one was eluted with the monomer CT and the other four were of higher molecular weight. The concentrations of all five forms increased during calcium infusion (4 mg/kg, 10 min) and decreased after the infusion, accompanied by a rapid change in concentration of the monomer form. After thyroidectomy, the level of the monomer form decreased faster than the levels of other forms. The main form in the urine was eluted in the same portion as a bigger form (IIIb) in the plasma, not with the monomer form, after thyroidectomy. One antiserum (antiserum I) gave a higher estimation for the IIIb form and the predominant form in the urine than another antiserum (antiserum II). These findings suggest the identity of these two forms. Blood CT in various forms, including the monomer, may be converted to form IIIb in the kidney and excreted in that form. PMID- 7344950 TI - Comparisons of plasma LH, progesterone, testosterone and estradiol concentrations in male and female chickens (Gallus domesticus) from 28 to 1141 days of age. PMID- 7344951 TI - Calcitonin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of fasted rats. AB - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on glycogenolysis in the liver was investigated in fasted rats. The fasting produced a marked decrease in the hepatic glycogen content. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) significantly prevented the decline in hepatic glycogen by fasting as compared with sham operation. This prevention by TPTX was clearly relieved by the subcutaneous administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g body weight). The appreciable effect of the hormone was also observed at the dose of 20 and 40 MRC mU CT/100 g body weight. The present results suggest that CT plays a physiological role in the stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis after fasting in rats. PMID- 7344952 TI - Effect of food and GH on the binding of 125I-somatomedin A to the membranes of rat lung and kidney. AB - Studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between serum levels of somatomedin A and its binding sites in the lung and kidney of rats. After three days of fasting, serum levels of somatomedin A decreased, accompanied by increases of 17.5% and 21.4% in binding to the plasma membranes from lung and kidney, respectively. After two days of refeeding, this binding decreased with the increase in the serum level of somatomedin A. There was observed a negative correlation between the serum level of somatomedin A and the percentage of labelled somatomedin A bound to the membranes. These observations suggest that somatomedin down-regulates its own receptor under these conditions. A similar regulatory mechanism was not observed with either hypophysectomized- or GH treated rats. PMID- 7344953 TI - Estrogen-sensitive neurons with preoptic projection in the lower brain stem of the female rat. AB - Fifty-one neurons in the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the suprachiasmatic part of the preoptic area in urethane-anestetized, ovariectomized and estrogen-primed female rats. Two types of antidromic responses were distinguished on the basis of their spike configurations and antidromic spike latencies. One type ("fast spikes") was characterized by a fast and smooth rising phase and a shorter duration of the initial positive deflection. The other type ("slow spikes") had a notch in the rising phase and took a longer time to complete the initial deflection. Mean antidromic spike latency for the fast spikes was 9.8 msec while the value for the slow spikes was 30.2 msec. Ionophoretic injection of estradiol was accomplished on 37 of the 51 antidromically identified cells, of which 21 showed slow responses and 16 responded with fast spikes. In cells with slow spikes, estradiol facilitated (n = 9) or suppressed (n = 3) their generation of action potentials. None of cells with fast responses changed their activity in response to estradiol. It is evident from the present experiment that neurons in the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata send their axons directly to the suprachiasmatic part of the preoptic area which plays an important role in the control of the ovulatory surge of LH and that some of these neurons themselves are the sensitive sites of estradiol. PMID- 7344954 TI - Radiology as an adjunct to pathology in elucidation of pulmonary disease at necropsy. PMID- 7344955 TI - Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. III Chronic interstitial and granulomatous inflammation, scars and lymphangitis carcinomatosa in non-emphysematous lungs. AB - To evaluate the patterns of chronic interstitial and granulomatous inflammation, scars and lymphangitis carcinomatosa in radiographs of excised air-inflated lungs at autopsy, the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic-radiologic correlations were studied on the basis of 29 sections from 18 lungs selected to represent unequivocally the features in question. Chronic interstitial pneumonia exhibited uneven, trabecular or macular densities distributed randomly. Honeycomb lung was characterized by a coarse reticular pattern with fairly regular and roundish translucencies measuring 2-20 mm in diameter. Granulomas of miliary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis appeared as roundish macular densities, 2-5 mm in diameter. The former were randomly distributed while the latter seemed to follow lobular septa. Scars appeared as randomly distributed, either trabecular, star shaped or polygonal densities. Several larger scars contained calcified foci. Intraparenchymal scars of at least 2 mm in diameter, and even smaller subpleural scars, were visible radiographically. Lymphangitis carcinomatosa appeared as unevenly thick linear opacities. PMID- 7344956 TI - Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. IV Emphysema alone and with other common lesions. AB - To evaluate at autopsy the radiographic pattern of emphysema alone and with alveolar oedema, haemorrhage or pneumonia in excised air-inflated lungs the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic-radiologic correlations were studied on the basis of 58 sections from 30 lung selected to represent most clearly the features in question. In mild centrilobular emphysema (CLE) the number and calibre of small blood vessels was often reduced. Small translucencies could appear. In moderate CLE vascular changes were always visible and unevenly distributed translucencies in most cases. Some lungs looked slightly rounded. In severe CLE the number of blood vessels was greatly reduced, they were displayed between extensive tissue defects, and the lung looked always rounded. Only mild panlobular emphysema occurred in the material. This was difficult to distinguish radiologically but could show up as a coarse reticular background with a reduced number of blood vessels, and the lung could look rounded. Paracicatricial emphysema appeared as translucent areas around scars. Simultaneous alveolar processes often obscured the blood vessel changes of CLE and could accentuate or hide the tissue defect translucencies. The same alveolar processes were more unevenly distributed in emphysematous than in non-emphysematous lungs. PMID- 7344957 TI - Diagnostic thoracoscopy. AB - During a 5-year period, diagnostic thoracoscopy was attempted in 566 patients and successfully performed in 556. No deaths due to thoracoscopy occurred and complications were few. In patients with malignant disease of the pleura, positive biopsies were obtained in 95 of 137 patients (69%). A positive culture for tubercle bacilli was obtained from pleural biopsy in 27 of 36 patients (75%) with bacteriologically confirmed pleural tuberculosis. Thoracoscopy improved the diagnostic accuracy in these conditions. In patients with benign tumours as well as anatomical abnormalities thoracoscopy was diagnostic. In other conditions thoracoscopy was rarely able to give a positive diagnosis, but it proved very helpful in ruling out malignant disease and tuberculosis. The number of false positive was small, about 3% in this series. PMID- 7344958 TI - Lung radiography. PMID- 7344960 TI - [Uterine synechiae in fertility disorders]. PMID- 7344959 TI - [Sex and contraceptive behavior among young single persons]. PMID- 7344961 TI - [Epidemiology of ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7344962 TI - [Empiric risk and genetic counseling in neural tube defects]. PMID- 7344963 TI - [T and B-lymphocytes, IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins as well as cytochemical characteristics of lymphocytes in endometriosis]. PMID- 7344964 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity in tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7344965 TI - [Post-irradiation dysplasia in vaginal smears]. PMID- 7344966 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 7344967 TI - [Mechanical ileus during the 1st stage of labor caused by complete imperfect version of the intestine]. PMID- 7344968 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases]. PMID- 7344969 TI - [Polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 7344970 TI - [Effect of ketamine (ketalar preparation) on myometrium reactivity to F-2 alpha prostaglandin in rats]. PMID- 7344971 TI - [Blood serum zinc concentration in healthy term and protracted pregnancy]. PMID- 7344972 TI - [Pregnancy outcome following surgical treatment of Stein-Leventhal]. PMID- 7344973 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of galactosemia]. PMID- 7344974 TI - Predictive value of lymphocytotoxic test and platelet aggregometry for the effect of transfused platelet concentrates. AB - Sera of patients with thrombocytopenic diathesis before platelet transfusion were evaluated using donor's platelets in the aggregometry test the donor's lymphocytes in the lymphocytotoxicity test. In most cases the results of both tests were in agreement, although sometimes, despite strongly positive results of LCTT, the Agr was negative. Both tests showed a similar value for the prediction of the effectiveness of platelet concentrates: Agr in 80% and LCTT in 71% of cases. PMID- 7344975 TI - Changes in marrow myelopoietic and lymphoid cell counts after repeated cyclophosphamide administration in the rat. AB - Rat marrow myeloid and lymphoid counts were estimated after repeated doses of cyclophosphamide injected intraperitoneally. It was found that in order to evaluate the bone marrow response, a quantitative approach is a necessity. Myelotoxic and lymphotoxic effects in the bone marrow following repeated doses of cyclophosphamide were markedly similar to suppression which followed the restriction of food consumption. Relationships between rat white blood and marrow counts were analyzed. Convenience of determination of marrow cellularity for measurement of myelotoxic effects is discussed with respect to studies with repeated administration of cytostatic agents. PMID- 7344976 TI - Inhibition of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by normal and pathological sera from patients with advanced lung cancer. AB - An improved ADCC assay for the detection of cancer-associated serum blocking factors is described. Inhibition of ADCC by sera was performed without preincubation and washing of effector cells. Effects of individual susceptibility of normal effector cells to serum inhibitors and of the background inhibition by normal sera were also avoided. Based on their inhibitory effect on ADCC, normal and tumour sera from lung cancer patients could be distinguished with 81.4 to 100% accuracy, according to effector cell donors and to concentrations of the sera tested. PMID- 7344977 TI - [Evaluation of a hypertension detection program]. PMID- 7344978 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiographic abnormalities in amitriptyline poisoning]. PMID- 7344979 TI - [Total hip arthroplasty in old congenital dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 7344980 TI - [Hypoplastic anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 7344981 TI - [Osteochondritis of the first metatarsal sesamoid]. PMID- 7344982 TI - [Postoperative urethrorectal fistula and closure by Kraske's approach]. PMID- 7344983 TI - [Selective bronchial intubation in pulmonary atelectasis in infants]. PMID- 7344984 TI - [Antenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal obstruction by ultrasonography]. PMID- 7344985 TI - [Carcinoma of the large bowel and Bloom's syndrome]. PMID- 7344986 TI - [Abortions and hydatidiform mole: the genetic link]. PMID- 7344987 TI - [Informed consent in breast surgery]. PMID- 7344988 TI - [The antipneumococcal vaccine--a second look]. PMID- 7344989 TI - [Cancer of the uterine cervix and the problem of cytologic screening in Israel]. PMID- 7344990 TI - [Etiological factors in melanoma]. PMID- 7344991 TI - [The effect of hypophosphatemia on the peripheral blood cells]. PMID- 7344992 TI - [Unusual manifestations of influenza]. PMID- 7344993 TI - [Antiviral drugs--present status]. PMID- 7344994 TI - [Hepatitis B among Israeli diabetics]. PMID- 7344995 TI - [Myocardial infarct and various arteriosclerosis risk factors in 504 patients examined at the Internal Medicine Dept. Of the Debica hospital between 1 June 1965 and 31 May 1975]. PMID- 7344996 TI - [Polycardiographic estimates of left ventricular function in patients with an artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 7344997 TI - [The intestinal phase of gastric secretion]. PMID- 7344998 TI - [Pregnancy and outcome of labor in women treated for anovulation]. PMID- 7344999 TI - [Action of vasodilator agents in experimental mesenteric circulatory failure]. PMID- 7345000 TI - [Nodular changes in the thyroid of children with a congenital defect of thyroid hormone synthesis]. PMID- 7345001 TI - [Right ventricular systolic time intervals in mitral stenosis in relation to the degree of functional classification of circulatory failure]. PMID- 7345002 TI - [Evaluation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 7345003 TI - [Experimental studies on 75Se uptake in the masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 7345004 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment possibilities of extracranial occlusive processes of the carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345005 TI - [Concept of neuroses in anthropologico-integrative psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345006 TI - Sinusoidal and postsinusoidal vascular systems in liver cirrhosis. AB - The morphology of the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal hepatic vein system in liver cirrhosis is shown by postmortem venography, microangiography and micropreparation. The normal angioarchitecture of the sinusoidal and hepatic vein system in lost in cirrhotic alteration of the liver. The hepatic veins are partly stenosed and displaced. Regenerate nodules, pseudolobules and extremely vascularized connective tissue septa, characterize the venous parenchymogram and microangiogram. The size of the regenerate nodules corresponds well to a granulomatous contrast of the parenchyma. The disordered intrahepatic angioarchitecture has clinical significance for hemodynamics and hepatic venous pressure measurement. PMID- 7345007 TI - Inhibition of the hepatocarcinogenic activity of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) by ethanol in rats. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.1 mg/kg of diethyl-nitrosamine orally five times a week for life with or without additional subsequent administration of 5 ml/rat/day of a 25% aqueous solution of ethanol. The additional treatment with ethanol significantly reduced the induction of liver cancer, but not of esophageal tumors. These findings do not support speculations based on epidemiologic studies as to a cancer-causing effect of alcohol. PMID- 7345008 TI - Serum complement factors in human acute pancreatitis. AB - C3, C4 and total haemolytic activity of serum complement were measured in 35 patients with acute pancreatitis, and were found to be normal or raised in 24 patients (23 survivors). In 3 further patients complement values were low initially, but returned to normal with clinical recovery. In the remaining 8 patients serum complement factors were generally lowered or declined during the course of the disease; all of them died from haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thus lowered complement factors may be an unfavourable prognostic sign for the course of the disease. Reasons for the decline may be protein loss, blood coagulation disturbances or intrapancreatic activation of complement. The latter possibility is supported by the immunohistological detection of C3 deposits surrounding parenchymal necroses in two patients. PMID- 7345009 TI - Autovagotomy by esophageal carcinoma. An unusual cause of gastric retention without outlet obstruction. AB - A case of gastric retention without outlet obstruction in a 44-year-old patient with esophageal carcinoma is reported. Radiological (and particularly C.T.) examinations support the opinion that the gastric motility disorders were due to the autovagotomy secondary to malignant involvement of the intrathoracic vagus nerve. PMID- 7345010 TI - Treatment of endotoxemia in galactosamine hepatitis by lactulose administered intravenously. PMID- 7345011 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome and HBs-Ag positive acute viral hepatitis (case report). PMID- 7345012 TI - "Plasma"-type ribonuclease in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: a critical appraisal. AB - The so-called "plasma" ribonuclease (RNase), described as increased in most patients with pancreatic cancer, was studied in the blood of 92 subjects utilizing the method of Reddi and Holland, to evaluate its reliability in detecting pancreatic tumors. A significant increase of "plasma" RNase was found in pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.01) as compared with controls, non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis (p less than 0.01), calcifying chronic pancreatitis (p less than 0.01), and chronic recurrent pancreatitis (p less than 0.01). Nevertheless increased "plasma" RNase activity was also found in 18/43 patients with chronic pancreatitis, as well as in the majority of the non-pancreatic malignant tumors studied. Furthermore, in 2 out of 22 subjects with pancreatic cancer the enzyme activity was found to be normal. These data suggest that increased "plasma" RNase, although very frequent in pancreatic cancer, is not a marker of pancreatic malignancy. PMID- 7345013 TI - The effect of secretin in physiological doses on serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) in man. PMID- 7345014 TI - Choledochal pressure profilometry following dilatation, sphincterotomy, sphincteroplasty of diathermic sphincterotomy. PMID- 7345015 TI - Stabilization of body position as the main task of postural regulation. PMID- 7345017 TI - Investigation of sensory systems by means of focused ultrasound. PMID- 7345016 TI - Quantitative analysis of anticipatory postural components of a complex voluntary movement. PMID- 7345018 TI - Role of the dominant and nondominant hemispheres in the perception and naming of color. PMID- 7345019 TI - Functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres: differences in the description of visual objects. PMID- 7345020 TI - Electroencephalographic manifestation of paired functions of the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7345021 TI - Chemical factors in the formation of steady states in the central nervous system. PMID- 7345022 TI - Very slow brain processess (terminology and clarification of some concepts). I. The spontaneous dynamics of very slow cortical and deep brain processe in clinical physiological research. PMID- 7345023 TI - Cortical unit activity studied in neurosurgical patients in the early postoperative period. PMID- 7345024 TI - The creatinine clearance rate in malnutrition and in cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7345025 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (case report). PMID- 7345026 TI - Cutaneous sensivity and systemic allergic manifestations of iodised contrast media. PMID- 7345027 TI - Training older people in empathy: effects on empathy, attitudes, and self exploration. AB - This study examined the effect of empathy training on empathy, self-exploration, and key attitudes in older people. The twenty-eight older people who took part were randomly assigned to one of three groups: empathy training, discussion, or control. For eight weeks the training group practiced empathy as a helping skill. During this time, one control group discussed the problems of older people; the other control group met only to take the tests. Unlike the control groups, the training group improved significantly on three measures of empathy. The training group also showed significant gains in self-exploration. These gains in skills brought no change in attitudes. The findings show that older people can change a portion of their interpersonal style and learn new ways of helping. PMID- 7345028 TI - Memory development: an approach to the mentally impaired elderly in the long-term care setting. AB - Based upon a review of the literature on memory and cognitive impairments a number of procedures were implemented to improve memory function among nursing home residents. This paper describes the conceptual basis for the program called Memory Development (MD), and delineates procedures and techniques involving the use of cues, practice, and motivation. MD is compared to the traditional Reality Orientation (RO) approach. PMID- 7345029 TI - Age differences in dreams. II: Distortion and other variables. AB - Age-related change in manifest dream content was assessed in dreams recalled from REM sleep by fifty-eight men aged twenty-seven to sixty-four and in dreams recalled from sleep at home. There was evidence of a small-age-related decline in dream distortion (bizarreness) and family-related content, with family-related content most prominent from ages thirty-five to fifty-five. Overall the effect of increasing age on dream content is slight. PMID- 7345030 TI - Perceptions of intergenerational relations and psychological well-being among elderly Mexican Americans: a causal model. AB - A simple path analysis model is applied to data on ninety-eight older Mexican Americans residing in southwest San Antonio. Measures of perceived intergenerational solidarity and activity are treated as intervening variables between health and socioeconomic status on the one hand and life satisfaction on the other. The addition of intergenerational solidarity to the other three independent variables found to be consistent predictors of life satisfaction in previous research contributes significantly to the explanation of life satisfaction. The variable fails, however, to play a significant intervening role except between health and life satisfaction. PMID- 7345031 TI - A comparison of interpersonal distancing behavior in young and elderly adults. AB - Differences in cortical activation (arousal), age, and race were used to test several hypotheses on interpersonal distancing behaviors which have implications for intergenerational and cross-cultural interaction. The investigation centered on the relationship of sensory deficits in the elderly to their use of personal space in peer interactions. A comparison of young, white female college students and elderly white females indicated no significant differences in arousal level, but the younger adults used significantly closer distancing behaviors with their peers. However, a similar comparison of elderly white and black females revealed no differences in either arousal level or interpersonal distancing. The findings suggest that interpersonal distancing behaviors may be less influenced by the need for cortical stimulation than by the prevalence of cultural norms. It also suggests that the proxemic behavior of adult college students may be more adolescent than adult in its personal space scheme. PMID- 7345032 TI - Geriatric sexuality breakdown syndrome. AB - This paper focuses on the relationship between the social environment and the older individual. By utilizing the Social Breakdown Syndrome [1, 2] as a basis for examining this relationship, the author has proposed a cycle of events, the Geriatric Sexuality Breakdown Syndrome, in which an older individual is initially predisposed to diminished sexual activity to the end point of self-identification as non-sexual. Suggestions for interrupting this breakdown syndrome are given. PMID- 7345033 TI - Attitudes toward aging portrayed by birthday cards. AB - In this article, contemporary attitudes toward the aged inferred from an analysis of birthday greeting cards which are divided into six thematic categories. Overall, the attitudes appear to be negative supporting previous studies that analyzed attitudes toward the aged found in joke anthologies. The question is raised whether this kind of humor is being used defensively to counteract age anxiety by exaggerating age-related deficits to create a psychological distance, or whether, in fact, it reflects a healthy adaptation to a difficult truth. PMID- 7345034 TI - Attempts to modify cognitive tempo in elderly adults. AB - Three experiments were conducted in an attempt to modify the cognitive tempo of elderly adults. In all three, attempts were made to modify response latency. In the first experiment, the participants were given either instructions to take as much time as they needed, instructions to respond as quickly as they could, or no instructions regarding response speed. In the second experiment, the participants observed a model who either responded more slowly, more quickly, or at the same speed typically used by elderly adults. In the third experiment, the participants were either forced to respond very slowly, forced to respond very quickly, or allowed to respond at their own rate. Only one of the experimental manipulations affected response latencies. The participants who were forced to respond very quickly in the third experiment exhibited a decrease in response latency from pretest to posttest while the participants in the other two conditions did not. There was a corresponding effect for errors; the participants in the fast condition exhibited very little change in error rate from pretest to posttest while the participants in the other two conditions made fewer errors on the posttest than on the pretest. In the third experiment, an attempt was also made to modify the error rate by training the participants in the use of a thorough and systematic scanning strategy. The strategy training had no effect on either errors or latencies. PMID- 7345035 TI - An evaluation of progressive muscle relaxation on stress related symptoms in a geriatric population. AB - Ten highly anxious women, between the ages of sixty-nine and eighty-four, participated in a five month study designed to test the hypothesis that progressive muscle relaxation would reduce psychosocial stress in a group of high risk senior citizens. The women, who had lost their husbands within the last five years, responded to an offer extended to nervous senior citizens to participate in a relaxation study. Five women were assigned to the treatment group and five to a control group. The treatment group received two weeks of baseline evaluation, ten weeks of one hour in vivo relaxation training, and ten weeks of home practice using taped instructions. The control group had an identical schedule except instead of progressive relaxation training they received a pseudorelaxation procedure and had no home practice. All participants were evaluated prior to training, at the end of training, and ten weeks after training. Participants were also measured on the following factors: 1) state and trait anxiety, 2) self-report muscle tension, 3) hours to fall asleep, 4) number of nocturnal awakenings, and 5) headaches. Results indicate significant differences on all five measures between the experimental and control group. With the exception of trait anxiety, the experimental group manifested significant improvements on the remaining five measures from baseline to end of training. For state anxiety, a significant improvement continued during the ten weeks of home practice following the end of training. PMID- 7345036 TI - Role expectations and role realities of older Italian mothers and their daughters. AB - Role expectations and role realities were examined in a sample of ninety pairs of Italian-American, singled, older women and their daughters. The quality of the relationships between the mothers and daughters was defined by the participants as quite high. The results showed high consensus for the expectations and realities of the role responsibilities of parents and children. A greater number of specific resources were expected and received of daughters. Mothers showed more role confusion regarding what they felt children should expect and what they themselves could provide. There was some indication that daughters may desire less advice and more emotional support from their mothers. PMID- 7345037 TI - An inquiry into the positive personal and social effects of old age stereotypes among the elderly. AB - Much has been written or inferred about the detrimental consequences of old age stereotypes for elderly individuals. This paper presents and tests an alternative perspective called relative advantage. As the reciprocal counterpart of relative deprivation theory, this perspective claims that such stereotypes may be psychologically and sociologically functional for the old to believe. Using the results of the 1975 Louis Harris--NCOA "The Myth and Reality of Aging in America" survey, two hypotheses were tested: 1) those who feel other older individuals are worse off than themselves will have higher life satisfaction scores than those perceiving others to be as well or better off; 2) these imputations of others' difficulties correlate with one's likelihood to support and join coalitions on behalf of the old and to approve government taxing of all age groups to support them. The evidence presented raises some dysfunctional implications of debunking aging myths. PMID- 7345038 TI - The incomplete social psychology of aging: a psychologist's perspective. AB - The social psychology of aging as currently practiced within social gerontology is incomplete. It is quite different from sociological approaches to (nonaging) social psychology and virtually unrelated to psychological ones. This incompleteness--its origins, range, and effects--is examined, and the outlines of a more complete social psychology of aging are presented in this article. The development of a more complete social psychology of aging, and its expansion toward a life span developmental social psychology, is possible and would have beneficial effects on both social psychologists and on social gerontological research and practice. PMID- 7345039 TI - Freezing of the esophagus: histological changes and immunological response. AB - Experimental freezing of the esophagus was accomplished in canines. The temperature used was from -10 degrees C. to -20 degrees C., for from two to ten minutes. Histological studies revealed cryonecrosis, limited to the cells immediately in contact with the probe surface, edema and cryothrombosis, as the most outstanding and significant histological lesions. Preliminary evaluation of the effects of in situ freezing of the esophagus is suggestive of the development of a cellular response. This response appeared to be directed to antigens present in extracts of esophageal mucosa and muscularis. Repeated in situ freezing of the esophagus resulted in the development of an increased (i.e., anamnestic), immunologic response to mucosa and muscularis antigens. The results of this experiment suggest the use of freezing techniques as an alternative to total esophageal resection for early carcinoma of the esophagus. The 98% cure rate of freezing techniques in the squamous cell carcinoma of the skin encourages us to emphasize the possibility of using this technique with a similar degree of success in early carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7345040 TI - Follow-up study in 402 patients after parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. AB - In a recent six-year-period, a total of 402 patients underwent parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) for duodenal ulcer. An overall clinical assessment by Visik grading placed 328 (82%) in grade I, 56 (14%) in grade II, 12 (3%) in grade III and 4 (1%) with recurrent ulcer in grade IV. Results of the gastric secretory tests showed that the basal acid output (BAO) was reduced by 83.9% of the preoperative value, after 3 months, by 78.2% after one year, and by 65.3% and 66.4% after three and five years respectively. The maximal acid output (MAO) was reduced by 75.9% of the preoperative value after 3 months, by 45.3% after one year, by 40% and 42% after 3 and 5 years respectively. The radiological gastric emptying time showed no significant difference when compared to the preoperative value. The parietal cells showed significant ultrastructural changes six months after PCV, corresponding to maximum functional secretory depression. Two years after the operation, the parietal cells had regained their preoperative morphology. PMID- 7345041 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy of the large bowel: management of cancer-bearing polyps. AB - From January 1974 to May 1979, among 2,338 endoscopic examinations of the large bowel, 184 polypectomies were performed. Forty-two cases of familial polyposis coli were excluded from this study. Of the remaining 142 cases, 21 had cancer foci: fourteen were mucosally confined carcinomas, and seven submucosally invading carcinomas. Endoscopic polypectomy was considered a radical treatment for the former and not satisfactory for the latter. Therefore macroscopic type of polyp, location of carcinoma in the polyp, and lymphatic and venous permeation were the main criteria evaluated for the strategy of treatment in cases of submucosally invading carcinoma-bearing polyps. Radical resections are necessary in cases of semipedunculated polyp with carcinoma located near the base, and in cases of pedunculated polyps with carcinoma extending to the stalk. However, as general criteria for the management of submucosally invading carcinoma-bearing polyps have not yet been established, radical resections are indicated in cases which do not fit the generally accepted criteria, in order to attempt a curative treatment. Endoscopic polypectomy therefore seems to be of great value in the early detection of colorectal cancers and their treatment. PMID- 7345042 TI - Statistical analysis in the differentiation between cases of serious acute pancreatitis and generalized peritonitis due to a perforated peptic ulcer. AB - Serious acute pancreatitis was considered by the authors as one of the diseases which must be distinguished from generalized peritonitis due to perforated peptic ulcer. An attempt was made to differentiate between these two conditions without reference to two factors, namely amylase value and intraperitoneal free air. Differential diagnosis by linear discriminant analysis, making full use of information such as the history of the present illness, general and abdominal findings and laboratory data, was undertaken. This resulted in a satisfactory predictive value, at least for sample cases. Lastly, items which seem to be important for differentiation between the diseases are discussed. PMID- 7345043 TI - Cervical rib syndrome: a neurosurgical experience with a series of 38 cases. AB - A series of 38 patients with thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a cervical rib is reviewed after a postoperative follow-up period of 3 to 24 years. The outcome of the operation (anterior scalenotomy and partial to subtotal removal of the cervical rib) is not considered wholly satisfactory; three causes for this were identified: excessive duration of symptoms (mean almost 6 years), insufficient patient work-up and inadequacy of the incomplete removal of the cervical rib. In the presence of a cervical rib, other possible causes of compression of the neurovascular supply to the upper limb should always be considered. PMID- 7345044 TI - Hip rating scales: a clinical analysis. AB - Thirty patients were graded both before and after total hip replacement according to several hip-rating scales and the results compared. This comparison shows that a scale which keeps the various parameters of pain, motion and function, separating rather than integrating them, is more useful to the surgeon. Subgrading the patients into A, B and C is essential for functional comparisons. PMID- 7345045 TI - Estimation of recuperation of renal function in obstructive uropathy: an experimental study in rats with the use of renoscan. AB - In order to obtain an evaluation of the renal function after removal of a cause of obstructive uropathy, the renal scan was experimented in rats. The methods used consisted of the obstruction of the right ureter and of Hippuran131 scanning which was performed weekly. The patency of the ureter was re-established at different times and, in some cases, the left ureter was obstructed during this second operation. Delay and reduction in Hippuran131 uptake was directly related to the duration of the obstruction and recuperation of function was inversely related to the same parameter. The contralateral ureter obstruction caused a significant improvement in right renal function. Recuperation was also observed in rats reoperated on after seven or eight weeks. PMID- 7345046 TI - Ingrown toenail surgery: a new procedure. AB - A new simple surgical technique for ingrown toenails consisting of a resection of a slice of soft tissue at the fold of the paronychium where the toenail corner enters the soft tissue, is described. After suturing the gap and healing, the fold is reduced in size and pulled away from the lacerating edge of the toenail. PMID- 7345047 TI - Adenomyosis: study in a Jewish female population. AB - In a series of 920 hysterectomies, performed during a three-year period at the Gynecological Clinic of Hasharon Hospital, adenomyosis weas found in 89 cases, an incidence of 9.06%. Although this result is in accordance with that reported by other authors, we found a marked difference between the incidence of adenomyosis in the two Jewish female groups under study: the Ashkenazic women (natives of European countries or U.S.A.), and the Sephardic women (natives of Near East countries, Yemen or North Africa); 69.66% of the adenomyosis cases were in the former group as against only 30.34% in the latter. A preoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis was made in 19.10% of the cases. This comparatively high percentage appears to be due to the routine examination of the serum activity of cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), performed in all patients before operation. Increased values of these enzymes indicate the presence of uterine or ovarian tumoral processes. It is suggested that the diagnosis of adenomyosis must be considered in cases of uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea and increased CAP and LAP values discovered in multiparous women of around 50 years of age, even when the bimanual examination does not reveal any other pathologic condition. PMID- 7345048 TI - Successful treatment of intraoperative rupture of the left ventricle after mitral valve replacement: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of intraoperative left ventricular rupture following mitral valve replacement, promptly detected and successfully treated, is reported, and the literature concerning 19 other patients successfully treated for this complication is reviewed. Routine inspection of the posterior atrioventricular groove and left ventricular wall is to be recommended after prosthetic mitral valve replacement and before cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued, to allow recognition of the early signs of ventricular rupture. PMID- 7345049 TI - Resection and replacement of the aortic valve and aortic arch utilizing profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. PMID- 7345050 TI - Pulmonary infarction as a complication of a central venous pressure catheter: case report. PMID- 7345051 TI - Success in the radical resection of esophageal cancer with artificial blood infusion: case report. AB - Using the oxygen-carrying, so-called "artificial blood", Fluosol-DA, developed by us, we successfully performed a radical resection for esophageal cancer and a one stage reconstruction, without any blood transfusion. The operation was performed quite safely despite a large blood loss, a stable condition was performed quite safely despite a large blood loss, a stable condition being maintained during and after the operation. Fluosol-DA has no relation to blood type and is stable in a frozen state for one year or more and can, therefore, be used conveniently and safely for treating severe and intraoperative hemorrhages. Furthermore, this preparation may well have at wide application because it greatly reduces the risk of postoperative hepatitis. PMID- 7345052 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis following the treatment of echinococcosis of the liver. AB - A case is presented of sclerosing cholangitis following surgical removal of an echinococcal cyst of the liver. This is the second such case reported in the literature. The cause of this complication is not clear, but may be related to the use of formalin to sterilise the cyst contents. PMID- 7345053 TI - Spontaneous urinary extravasation in association with renal colic: report of eight cases. PMID- 7345054 TI - Sigmoido-uterine rupture in pregnancy after multiple myomectomy. AB - A case of rupture of the uterus during pregnancy with concomitant injury of the sigmoid is reported. This complication followed a multiple myomectomy performed during a previous pregnancy. The initial symptom was a septic fever. However two clinical signs proved pathognomonic for the diagnosis: the passing of blood clots and gas through the anus, and the presence of free gas in the abdomen. Hysterectomy with colostomy is the most suitable treatment. PMID- 7345055 TI - Pregnancy in the presence of an implanted pacemaker. AB - Two young females, who had implanted pacemakers, and experienced an uneventful course of pregnancy and delivery are described. We suggest the chest wall under the breasts as the site of choice for the implanted unit in young females who might expect pregnancy. If this site is used, any restriction of the skin above the unit should be prevented as the abdomen and breasts increase in size. The problem of a fixed heart rate during the period of an increasing work load on the heart in pregnancy is discussed, and the use in these patients of an adjustable rate pulse-generators is suggested. PMID- 7345056 TI - Loudness growth of musically complex stimuli. AB - Young adults (N = 11) with musical training, and with previous practice in the use of direct magnitude estimation of loudness for pure tones, judged the loudness of 3 orchestral excerpts each lasting 15-25 sec, varied in 5 -db steps over a 35 -db range. Excerpt I was relatively constant in both pitch and loudness; Excerpt II varied in loudness but did not change greatly in pitch; and Excerpt III changed both in pitch and loudness. The slopes of power functions for loudness judgments as a function of SPL fell within the usual range for pure-tone and for white-noise stimuli, as did indexes of determination; but both measures differed significantly from those in the literature for continuous speech. Apparently the acoustic variability in speech is an insufficient explanation for the difference between speech and non-speech stimuli in these areas, a finding which points to the contribution of non-acoustic parameters, such as semantic meaning, in loudness judgments for speech. PMID- 7345057 TI - Noise-intensity discrimination as measured by up-down psychophysical methods. PMID- 7345058 TI - Comfortable loudness judgments for discrete frequency signals. AB - The test-retest reliability of Most Comfortable Loudness Level (MCL) was examined in three experiments using young normal-hearing adults unsophisticated in audiometric testing. Test stimuli included pure tones, narrow-band noise, and damped wave trains, with presentation by ascending, descending, and Bekesy procedures. Intersubject reliability was found to be very poor and intrasubject reliability to be only fair. Although instructions to Ss and subjects interpretation of instructions probably affect MCL reliability, the task appears to be inherently variable. PMID- 7345059 TI - Visual capture in auditory distance perception: proximity image effect reconsidered. PMID- 7345060 TI - Critical bandwidths measured by the pulsation-threshold technique. PMID- 7345061 TI - A comparison of computerized audiometry by Ansi, Bekesy fixed-frequency, and modified ISO procedures in an industrial hearing conservation program. PMID- 7345062 TI - Central masking with interaural asymmetry. PMID- 7345063 TI - An evaluation of speech audiometry by bone conduction in hearing-impaired adults. AB - Pure-tone thresholds, speech reception thresholds (SRT), and speech discrimination scores (DS) were obtained by ac and bc on 20 normal-hearing and 30 hearing-impaired adults. Correlations between the SRT and pure-tone thresholds (ave. of .5, 1, and 2 kc/s) were significant by both ac and bc. Correlations between DS by ac and bc were also highly significant, indicating the value of the bc DS in specific difficult cases. The clinical observation was confirmed statistically of decreasing DS with increasing sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 7345064 TI - Central fatigue in a perstimulatory paradigm. AB - Two experiments were performed to study perstimulatory auditory "central fatigue." In Exper. I, Ss tracked threshold for 13 min at .3, .6, 1,2,3, or 4 kc/s while being stimulated in the contralateral ear by a .5-kc/s tone at 75 db SPL. Bekesy tracings showed a significantly rising threshold at 2, 3, and 4 kc/s. In Exper. II, Ss tracked threshold for 13 min of a 3-kc/s pulsed tone while a .5 kc/s tone pulsed simultaneously at 75 db SPL in the contralateral ear. Results from previous central-masking research would predict an enhanced effect, while results from ipsilateral fatigue studies would predict a much reduced effect. The data showed virtually no effect at all, thus supporting a fatigue hypothesis. PMID- 7345065 TI - Got activity of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in cases of acute cerebrovascular accidents. (A comparative study). PMID- 7345066 TI - Cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7345067 TI - Plasma glycoproteins in diabetes. PMID- 7345068 TI - A study of serum zinc in uncontrolled diabetics. PMID- 7345069 TI - A double-blind comparison of dothiepin and amitriptyline in the treatment of depression with anxiety. PMID- 7345070 TI - Prevalence of toxoplasma IHA antibodies in healthy human subjects. PMID- 7345071 TI - Liver disease in grape garden sprayers. PMID- 7345072 TI - Bacterial endocarditis--its diagnostic problems. PMID- 7345073 TI - Lactose malabsorption in irritable colon syndrome. PMID- 7345074 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7345075 TI - Progress in tropical hepatology: (Annotation--I part). Hepatic amebiasis. PMID- 7345076 TI - Progress in tropical hepatology; (Annotation-Part I). Viral Hepatitis. PMID- 7345077 TI - Progress in tropical hepatology; (Annotation-Part I). Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF). PMID- 7345078 TI - Acute reversible cerebellar syndrome in enteric fever. PMID- 7345079 TI - Thallium poisoning. (A case report). PMID- 7345080 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. (A case report). PMID- 7345081 TI - Autosomal recessive generalised myotonia. (A case report). PMID- 7345082 TI - Acute pancreatitis as a complication of diazinon poisoning. A case report. PMID- 7345083 TI - [High-frequency electromagnetic waves and biological materials]. PMID- 7345084 TI - [Pulsed short waves: synthesis of basic studies]. PMID- 7345085 TI - [Results of the treatment with pulsated magnetic fields of chronic leg ulcers in geriatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345086 TI - [Bibliographic study of the secondary effects of metric and centimetric electromagnetic waves]. PMID- 7345087 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance and medical applications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345088 TI - [Address at the 5th Annual Interdisciplinary Meeting of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of 24 October 1981, in Liege]. PMID- 7345089 TI - Effect of temperature on the radioiodination of human growth hormone. AB - Studies have been undertaken to assess the effect of altering the temperature at which human growth hormone is radioiodinated on the incorporation of 125 Iodine and the immunoreactivity and stability of the labelled hormone. Employing highly purified monomeric hormone it proved possible, by the iodogen procedure, to prepare a labelled product of high specific activity irrespective of temperature. However, in radioiodinations performed at ambient temperature (20 to 25 degrees) significant amounts of the labelled hormone were in an aggregated form which was less immunoreactive than the 125 Iodine-labelled monomeric hormone. Such aggregation was largely prevented by radioiodinating at low temperature (0 to 4 degrees) and even the large monomeric peak was more immunoreactive (about 95% bound in antibody excess) than the monomeric peak from iodinations performed at room temperature (maximum binding 87%, or less). PMID- 7345090 TI - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for detection of chlamydial antigens in infected, irradiated McCoy cell culture. Polystyrene beads were used as the solid phase, guinea pig antichlamydial immunoglobulins were used as the captive antibodies, rabbit antichlamydial immunoglobulins were used as the secondary antibodies, and 125I- labelled sheep antirabbit immunoglobulin was used as the indicator antibodies. The immunizations were done intracutaneously with purified genital and lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis strains grown in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. The bound radioactivity was a function of the amount of chlamydial antigen and the method demonstrated the antigen approximately 20 hours post infection. Also noninfectious chlamydial antigen was detectable by RIA. The sensitivity of the assay was about 10 ng/ml for purified antigen and less than 10 inclusions in the cell culture. Each chlamydial serotype could be detected. The RIA was found to be more sensitive than iodine staining and as rapid and sensitive as immunofluorescence method to demonstrate chlamydial infection in cell culture. PMID- 7345091 TI - A radioimmunoassay for N-acetylserotonin in biological tissues. AB - We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay for N-acetylserotonin. Cross reactivity of 23 related or selected compounds is less than 1 percent; sensitivity is 10 to 25 picograms per tube; within assay coefficient of variation is 7.5 to 8.4%; and between assay coefficient of variation is from 7.1 to 11.1%. Satisfactory parallelism has been demonstrated for rat, hamster and rabbit serum, rat and hamster serum extract and rat brain retina and pineal extract. An extracted sample of rat serum gave one peak on HPLC which corresponded to authentic N-acetylserotonin. Daytime levels of N-acetylserotonin have been established for each of the tissues studied. This radioimmunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method for determination of N-acetylserotonin levels in biological tissues. PMID- 7345092 TI - Recent developments in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. AB - A review of the recent literature on acute urinary tract infections reveals some unresolved problems and considerable discussion and reappraisal of the current diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In this review, the rationale for the diagnostic confirmation of the presence, extent and site of infection is presented. Recent developments in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections are discussed. Factors affecting the choice of drug and recent studies concerning the duration of therapy are detained. Studies concerning the treatment of urinary tract infections with trimethoprim alone are reviewed and results of the treatment of acute urinary tract infection with a single dose of trimethoprim at St Radboud Hospital are presented. PMID- 7345093 TI - Pharmacists' tasks, skills and attributes. Their professional importance and desirable teaching environment in the Australian state of Tasmania. AB - The professional importance of tasks, skills and attributes of pharmacists in an Australian state have been evaluated by various groups of pharmacists and allied health professionals. The most desirable teaching environment (academic or workplace) for the teaching of these tasks and skills has also been determined. Essential tasks, skills and attributes include those on drug knowledge, prescription handling and bench skills, verbal skills and professional responsibility. Most pharmacists' tasks and skills should be taught in both the academic environment and the workplace. PMID- 7345094 TI - Formulation and evaluation of sustained release paracetamol tablets. AB - Slow-releasing paracetamol tablet formulations were produced and their in vitro dissolution profiles and in vivo absorption characteristics were determined and compared with a conventional rapidly-disintegrating commercial formulation. A correlation between saliva and plasma levels of the drug was confirmed and this allowed estimation of some simple pharmacokinetic parameters from the saliva paracetamol data. The in vitro data correlated with the in vivo parameters and this enabled the dissolution test results to be used in predictive manner in the development of a compression-coated slow release formulation which produced therapeutic levels of the drug for up to 5 h. PMID- 7345095 TI - The development of a drug dosage adjustment service for patients with renal impairment. AB - The dosage of nephrotoxic drugs such as gentamicin should ideally be adjusted when they are administered to patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. Such as adjustment of dosage should be estimated with a knowledge of the plasma levels of the drug. Until regular monitoring of drug levels of plasma is routinely available, the use of nomograms which utilize pharmacokinetic data quoted in the literature would provide dosage regimens tailored to suit the individual need of the renal patients. A service for dosage adjustment of nephrotoxic drugs has been provided in the Macclesfield Health District since December 1977 and has been well received by prescribers in the hospitals. The use of flow chart scheme for the adjustment of individual dosage for routine use is described. About 80% of the requests were for dosage adjustments of gentamicin in renal failure. It is advocated that such a service can be provided by hospital pharmacists without difficulty and should be encouraged as part of the patient services. PMID- 7345096 TI - The effect of counseling by a pharmacist on drug compliance in elderly patients. AB - The effect of counselling by a pharmacist on medication errors was assessed in fifty-three patients aged 65 years and over attending a day hospital. Despite random allocation to either the counselled or the uncounselled ('control') group, patients in the counselled group were making fewer errors than those in the control group even before they received instruction from the pharmacist. There was no evidence that those in the counselled group made fewer errors for complied better with their treatment as a result of counselling. PMID- 7345097 TI - The Hereford Hospitals prescribing study. Changes in the prescribing patterns of anti-bacterial agents in the medical wards of a district general hospital over four years. AB - Analysis of the prescribing of systemic anti-bacterial drugs in the medical wards of a district general hospital from April 1975 to March 1979 showed that 26% of patients received these drugs and that ampicillin, amoxycillin and cotrimoxazole were prescribed much more frequently than other agents. During this time, there were considerable changes in prescribing habits, with increases noted in amoxycillin, flucloxacillin and metronidazole. These changes were paralleled by decreases in ampicillin, cloxacillin and clindamycin usage. PMID- 7345098 TI - The stability of an oral liquid formulation of cysteamine. PMID- 7345099 TI - Sorption to plastic syringes of drugs administered by syringe pump. PMID- 7345100 TI - The pathology of small lesions of atelectasis and consolidation in the anterior lobes of the lungs of young sheep. PMID- 7345101 TI - Ultrastructural and histological studies on the corneal lesion in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7345102 TI - Field investigations on colostrum composition and serum thyroxine, cortisol and immunoglobulin in naturally suckled dairy calves. PMID- 7345103 TI - Pathology of Taenia taeniaeformis infection in the rat: gastrointestinal changes. PMID- 7345104 TI - Pathology of Taenia taeniaeformis infection in the rat: hepatic, lymph node and thymic changes. PMID- 7345105 TI - Experimental oral Salmonella dublin infection in cattle: effects of concurrent infection with Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7345106 TI - Metals and neurotoxic effects: cytotoxicity of selected metallic compounds on chick ganglia cultures. PMID- 7345107 TI - Organelle changes in the liver cells of dairy cows around the time of calving. PMID- 7345108 TI - Pathology of experimental infections with Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T strain 4 in sheep. PMID- 7345109 TI - Plasma cell clusters in the interstitial tissue of the testes of Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Reptilia, Lacertidae). PMID- 7345110 TI - African swine fever virus (Malta/78) in pigs. PMID- 7345111 TI - The effect of treatment with imidocarb diproprionate on the course of Babesia divergens infections in splenectomized calves, and on their subsequent immunity to homologous challenge. PMID- 7345112 TI - The pulmonary vasculature of the mountain-viscacha (Lagidium peruanum). The concept of adapted and acclimatized vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7345113 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a mouflon (Ovis musimon). PMID- 7345114 TI - Sexual identity and self-concept. AB - This study investigated the relationship among gender, social sex roles, and sexual orientation as components of sexual identity, and the relationship of these components to the overall self-concept. It was found that each component was individually important in the relationship of sexual identity to self concept. The interaction between sex and sexual orientation suggested that different combinations of the female, male, heterosexual, and homosexual components had different relationships to self-concept. Women had higher scores than men on moral-ethical and family self-concepts. Homosexual persons as a group had self-concepts in the normal range, though they showed a greater number of minor deviations across several areas of self-concept than did their heterosexual counterparts. The homosexual sample endorsed more sex roles typical of the opposite sex than did the heterosexual sample, but the two groups did not differ in frequency of same-sex roles. Sex roles were related to self-concept in men but not in women. Among men, masculine and androgynous sex roles were associated with positive self-concept while feminine and undifferentiated sex roles were associated with less positive self-concepts. This supports the model of sex roles in which femininity and masculinity are conceived of and measured as separate dimensions. PMID- 7345115 TI - Intrapsychic effects of stigma: a process of breakdown and reconstruction of social reality. AB - Being stigmatized has intrapsychic consequences for the individual. Two aspects of the process by which these consequences occur are described: a breakdown of the person's systems of interpretation and valuation, which may lead to reality shock; and a reconstruction of those systems that takes into account the stigmatized characteristic. The latter aspect is associated with frequently noted sequels to stigma, including identity reconstruction, changes in affiliative patterns, and revisions of long-range plans and goals. Key elements in both major aspects are the master-status character of stigma or, in other words, its being a status that takes precedence over all others; the widespread knowledge of stereotypes associated with a given stigma; and the actual and imagined responses of others. The data are from an ethnographic study of a homosexual community, but the intrapsychic processes described may occur in conjunction with any stigma acquired after normative socialization, including stigmas resulting from a characteristic viewed by others as inappropriate for a status occupied by the individual, such as a black or female professional. PMID- 7345116 TI - The association of selected "masculine" sex-role variables with length of relationship in gay male couples. AB - This study investigates the association of selected masculine sex-role characteristics with the fact that a gay male relationship is ongoing or the partners have separated. Sixty couples (30 ongoing, 30 recently separated) from a large urban area responded to a self-report battery that included measures of sex role identification and questions on demographic data, self-disclosure to partner, degrees of cooperation, and sexual plurality. The subjects had been born in the United States, were Caucasian, and ranged in age from 21-37. To a statistically significant degree, separated respondents scored lower on cooperation than ongoing subjects and were more likely to be androgynous. No difference between the groups emerged on the variables of self-disclosure or the number of sexual experiences outside the primary relationship. PMID- 7345117 TI - The child's home environment for lesbian vs. heterosexual mothers: a neglected area of research. AB - Much research on the lesbian experience has focused on assessing differences between lesbian and heterosexual adults. Less effort has been expended in analyzing the home environment of the child in a lesbian household. This study compares samples of lesbian and heterosexual mothers in terms of the home setting provided and the caregiver role vs-a-vis children. Results reveal a less affluent socioeconomic setting for the children of lesbian mothers. A strong child development orientation was found among lesbian mothers, undermining the stereotype of lesbians as aloof from children. PMID- 7345118 TI - The effect of a workshop on attitudes of female nursing students toward male homosexuality. AB - The responses of 64 female nursing students to the Survey of Attitudes Toward Deviance--Homosexuality Scale (May, 1974) indicated that they held more negative attitudes and more stereotyped beliefs regarding male homosexuality than did May's sample of male counselors and psychologists. After a 2-hour workshop, the attitudes of the 37 students in the experimental groups had changed and were similar to those expressed by May's sample. A testing 4 months later indicated that this change remained stable. Some attitudes relating to morality and social distance continued to be somewhat unfavorable. It made no difference in attitude change if the workshop presenters did or did not identify themselves as homosexual. The students with initially more negative attitudes toward homosexuality changed more as a result of the workshop experience than those with more positive attitudes. For both experimental and control subjects, more positive pretest attitudes toward homosexuality were associated with emotional stability, objectivity, good personal relations, restraint, friendliness, an interest in masculine activities, and greater support for equality of the sexes, as well as more liberal attitudes toward sex-appropriate behavior. PMID- 7345119 TI - The dynamic spatial reconstructor: noninvasive vivisection of the heart, lungs, and circulation. PMID- 7345120 TI - [Differential diagnosis of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease by echocardiography and 201Tl-myocardial scintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - This study was made to evaluate the usefulness of various non-invasive methods such as electrocardiography, echocardiography and 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Eighteen cases with CCM and 9 cases with IHD were subjected. For this study patients with IHD showing dilated cavity (LVDd over 66 mm) and diffuse hypokinesis of the left ventricle in the echocardiogram were selected. For echocardiographic study, cross-sectional sector-scan instrument, Toshiba SSH-11A was used, and 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy was performed using Toshiba jumbo gamma camera GCA-401. Cardiothoracic ratio of CCM and IHD were 59.6 +/- 6.3% and 58.3 +/- 6.3% in average, respectively. In CCM, mean LVDd was 76.0 +/- 5.6 mm and mean LVDs was 63.4 +/- 7.3 mm. In IHD, mean LVDd was 74.7 +/- 8.1 mm and mean LVDs as 63.2 +/- 4.6 mm. Both cardiothoracic ratios and echocardiographic findings showed no difference between CCM and IHD. Incidence of an abnormal Q wave in ECG was higher in IHD (2.72 leads per a case) than that in CCM (1.33 leads per a case). An abnormal Q wave in aVL was frequently (28%) observed in CCM but none in IHD. However, these ECG findings did not seem to be contributory to the differential diagnosis. Myocardial scintigraphic study revealed that 10 of 18 cases with CCM showed no perfusion defect or sparse uptake and others showed small and isolated defect in the apex or postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle, while 7 of 9 cases with IHD showed large perfusion defect over 15% in the anterior and inferior areas. However, small localized defects less than 14% in the apex were observed in both groups, 5 cases (27.8%) with CCM, and 2 cases (22.2%) with IHD, suggesting limitation of this method for the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7345121 TI - Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function at rest and during dynamic exercise in aortic insufficiency. AB - Transthoracic echocardiography is often of limited value for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) performance during dynamic exercise (E). Therefore, we studied LV function during maximal E by supine ergometry in 10 normal subjects (N) and 15 patients of aortic regurgitation (AR) with (8) and without (7) symptoms with transesophageal M-mode echocardiography. With this transesophageal approach, where an esophageal transducer is incorporated at the tip of a commercially available gastroscope, good continuous recordings of LV diameter were obtained without being disturbed by respiration or thoracic movement during E. Systolic blood pressure was measured by cuff method and echocardiographic indices such as heart rate, enddiastolic dimension (ED), and fractional shortening (FS) were determined at rest (R) and during maximal E. In N the following significant changes were observed during maximal E; pressure rate product (13 +/- 2 mmHg . min-1 . 10(3) leads to 20 +/0 3 mmHg . min-1 . 10(3), p less than 0.001), ED (51 +/0 5 mm leads to 48 +/- 6 mm, p less than 0.05), and FS (37 +/- 4% leads to 43 +/- 5%, p less than 0.001). In AR no significant change was observed between pressure-rate products in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups at R and during E, respectively. Significant changes in ED during E was observed only in asymptomatic AR (55 +/- 4 mm leads to 51 +/- 6, p less than 0.05). FS was within a normal range in both groups of AR at R. During maximal E, however, symptomatic group exhibited a decrease of FS (33 +/- 7% leads to 28 +/- 5, p less than 0.05), whereas the asymptomatic group showed a significant increase (34 +/- 5% leads to 37 +/- 6%, p less than 0.01). Thus the present study revealed the different response of LV in symptomatic and asymptomatic AR to E in terms of ED and FS. PMID- 7345122 TI - Right ventricular volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Right ventricular (RV) volume was calculated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) using a subxiphoidal approach in 31 patients with congenital heart disease. Using 2DE, two views which were equivalent to the frontal and lateral views of RV angiocardiograms were obtained. Frontal view was defined as the plane which included the apex of RV, pulmonary and tricuspid valves. Lateral view was also defined as the frame which included the round shaped left ventricle, pulmonary and mitral valves, RV cavity was traced in both views, and subsequently, two area outlines were combined to calculate volumes by the biplane area-length (AL) and Simpson's rule (Simpson) methods. RV volumes were also determined by angiocardiography (ACG) using Simpson's rule method. In some patients, considerable limitations were noted such as, loss of echoes from the RV free wall, unusual and excess echoes from the left ventricle in RV cavity. Tracing of RV cavity was sometimes difficult because of the thickened RV myocardium or difficult recognition of the pulmonary valve. The correlation between RV volume by 2DE and that by ACG was good (r = 0.86 by AL method, r = 0.85 by Simpson) but not satisfactory for the clinical application. We conclude that RV volume is estimated from 2DE, but further investigations are required for this technique to be an accurate and a reliable means in the clinical practice. PMID- 7345123 TI - [Usefulness and limitation of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of acute dissecting aneurysm of the aorta (author's transl)]. AB - To assess the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of dissecting aneurysm, 12 patients (7 women and 5 men with a mean age of 51 years) with clinically suspected dissecting aneurysm were investigated. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography or operation or autopsy in all patients. Eight had a dissecting aneurysm and the remaining 4 had a saccular aneurysm. The intimal flap echo was observed in 7 of the 8 patients with dissecting aneurysm. The intimal flap motion in these patients showed a fluctuating motion. The site or spread of this echo corresponded well with the anatomical lesion. On the other hand, an intra-aortic abnormal linear echo was observed in three of the 4 patients with saccular aneurysm. However, this linear echo showed little motion. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the intimal flap echo in association with its fluctuating motion in the diagnosis of dissecting aneurysm were all 100%, although the efficiency remained at 69%. It was concluded that the real-time two-dimensional echogram is useful in the diagnosis of acute dissecting aneurysm. PMID- 7345124 TI - [Echocardiographic study of mitral and tricuspid valve openings in normal subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present echocardiographic study is to determine the timing and order of both mitral and tricuspid valve openings in normal subjects and to provide the basic data for evaluating diastolic hemodynamics in cardiac patients. The subjects consisted of three groups: (i) 30 normal young cases in which the opening of both valves was recorded, (ii) 8 cases with idiopathic atrial fibrillation in which the relationship between preceding R-R and early diastolic intervals was determined, and (iii) 10 cases in which the effect of the direction of the ultrasonic beam on mitral valve echograms was evaluated. By applying dual echocardiography or phonoechocardiography, the interval from the aortic component of the second heart sound (IIA) to the point of maximal anterior opening (E), the isovolumic relaxation period from IIA to the onset of opening (D') and opening slope of the anterior leaflet were measured in each valve echogram. Careful recording was mandatory for measurements because even slight angulation of the transducer toward the mitral ring induced the timing of D' point and opening slope to vary. Respiratory variation was observed on the movements of both valves. During inspiration mitral valve opening occurred further from IIA or did not change in timing, but the tricuspid valve opened prematurely. During expiratory phase, the mitral valve opened nearly simultaneously with the tricuspid valve. The measurements were: IIA-E interval = 99.8 +/- 13.1 (mean +/- SD), 104.5 +/0 20.6 msec; IIA-D' interval = 47.2 +/- 9.9, 48.3 +/- 13.1 msec; opening slope = 301 +/- 76, 264 +/- 59 mm/sec, in mitral and tricuspid valve echograms, respectively. In cases with atrial fibrillation, these measurements were nearly constant regardless of varied preceding R-R intervals in 8 mitral and in one tricuspid valve echograms. It was expected from observing the effect of R R intervals on valve opening in a case of valvular disease that diastolic hemodynamics could be evaluated by analysing the timing and order of both valvular openings, especially in relation to the preceding R-R intervals in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7345125 TI - [Detection of exercise induced left ventricular asynergy by two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - In order to detect an exercise induced asynergy, cross-sectional echocardiography was performed during multistage maximal bicycle ergometer stress test in the supine position. 1) Left ventricular (LV) asynergy occurred earlier than or simultaneously with the appreciable ST segment change. 2) In patients with angina, LV asynergy appeared in the area of dominant coronary stenosis, while ST depression was seen in V3-6 as well as II, III and aVF, despite of the localized area of asynergy. 3) In patients with myocardial infarction, LV asynergy increased or extended over or around the infarcted area except one case, ST segment elevated in the leads over the infarction with abnormal Q waves and depressed in the reciprocal leads. These observations revealed that ST depression does not necessarily mean an occurrence of new ischemia over the corresponding area in myocardial infarction. Thus exercise cross-sectional echocardiography was demonstrated to be a good method to detect an exercise induced ischemia and would be particularly valuable in view of the coronary artery bypass. PMID- 7345126 TI - [Exercise echocardiography: relationship between interventricular septal wall dynamics and electrocardiographic changes during ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship between interventricular septal (IVS) wall motion assessed by the echocardiogram and surface electrocardiogram was investigated in 11 patients (pts) with proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease (LADd) during ergometer exercise. A specially devises transducer was used to obtain the echocardiograms. During exercise, 6 pts had transient ST segment depression (Group 1), whereas 5 pts had transient ST segment elevation (Group 2). During exercise-induced ischemia, the ST segment depression occurred prior to abnormal wall motion in Group 1, and lasted longer than the latter. On the other hand, the ST segment elevation was preceded by abnormal wall motion in Group 2, and returned to the control earlier than the latter. In conclusion, exercise echocardiography is useful to assess the relationship between interventricular wall dynamics and electrocardiographic changes during ischemia. PMID- 7345127 TI - [Regional wall motion of the left ventricle in congestive cardiomyopathy: in comparison with progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type (author's transl)]. AB - The features of regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle were analysed in 11 patients of congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) in comparison with 22 patients of progressive muscular dystrophy (DMD) of Duchenne type who showed an abnormal motion of the left ventricle by echocardiography. Real time two dimensional echocardiographic study demonstrated the following results: I) In CCM, (1) only 2 or less of 11 cases preserved a normal motion in each left ventricular segment, and the depression of wall motion of the left ventricle were thought to be generalized; (2) there were 9 cases with segmental wall motion abnormalities and 3 of them demonstrated ventricular aneurysms, and (3) the localizations of the segmental abnormalities varied in each case, and there was no apparent accumulation to any segments. II) In DMD, (1) all the cases showed depressed motions and 8 of them demonstrated a ventricular aneurysm in the posterior wall of the left ventricle (LVPW), (2) while, there was no case showing ventricular aneurysm in the segments other than LVPW, and about one third of all cases showed normal motion in those segments. From these results, we concluded as follows: 1) Although the depression of a wall motion of the left ventricle was generalized in CCM, this was not always uniform and the segmental abnormalities of a wall motion were frequently observed. The localization of the most severely disturbed segment varied in each case. 2) On the other hand, in DMD, the wall motion was disturbed more frequently and more severely in LVPW than in other ventricular segments. PMID- 7345128 TI - [Localized disorders of left ventricular wall motion in congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Left ventricular wall motion was studied by two-dimensional echocardiography in 11 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and was compared with the data of the electrocardiogram and cardiac catheterization. A segmental analysis of left ventricular wall motion was performed using 9 segments obtained by short- and long-axis views of the left ventricle. Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction were calculated from the apical long-axis view by area-length method. Asynergy such as dyskinesis or akinesis was detected in 8 of the 11 patients. Two patients with complete left bundle branch block had asynergy in the septal, anterior and apical segments. In 3 patients with abnormal Q waves inI, aVL and V5,6, asynergy was observed in the different area of the left ventricle in addition to the corresponding region with EKG abnormalities. However, in 3 patients, asynergy occurred without any Q waves. The left ventricle with asynergy had an increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end diastolic pressure and a decreased ejection fraction as compared to those without asynergy. As congestive cardiomyopathy had high incidence of asynergy, it was difficult to differentiate congestive cardiomyopathy from ischemic heart disease by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7345129 TI - [Left ventricular end-systolic pressure and wall thickness relation for the assessment of regional myocardial contractility in man (author's transl)]. AB - In 28 patients (pts) (5 normal subjects (N), 12 pts with valvular heart disease, 6 with cardiomyopathy, and 5 with ischemic heart disease), left ventricular (LV) pressure was measured using Millar's catheter tip transducer simultaneously with LV posterior wall thickness (W) by echocardiography. After the control recording, LV peak systolic pressure was altered by about 30 mmHg from the control level by angiotensin (20 ng/kg/min) or nitroprusside (1 gamma/kg/min) to attain two (18 pts) or three (10 pts) different end-systolic pressure points, determined after the steady state was achieved. LV end-systolic pressure and wall thickness (P-W) relation a the three different end-systolic pressure points was found to be linear (r = 0.996) in each of the 10 pts, suggesting that end-systolic P-W relation is independent of afterload. Isoproterenol infused in 4 pts, which led to an increase in peak positive (+) dp/dt by a mean of 28%, increased the slope of the P-W relation by 43.4% of the control value (P less than 0.001), while propranolol, which led to a decrease in peak (+) dp/dt by a mean of 16.7%, reduced the slope by 27.3% (p less than 0.001). This indicates the sensitiveness of the slope of P-W relation to the inotropic change of the myocardium. In N, the slope of the P-W relation was -29.7 +/0 6.0 mmHg/mm (mean +/- SD), while the value in 4 pts with decreased functional capacity (NYHA III or IV) was significantly lower (-13.7 +/- 2.9 mmHg/mm; p less than 0.001). Thus, the present study suggests that the slope of the end-systolic P-W relation is useful in assessing regional myocardial contractility in man. PMID- 7345130 TI - [Determination of right ventricular volume by subxiphoid two-dimensional echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - To establish the measurement method of right ventricular (RV) volume by two dimensional (2-D) echocardiography, a comparative study was performed in respect to the quantitative evaluations of the RV areas or volumes obtained by biplane 2 D echographic and angiographic methods. At first, a preliminary investigation was performed to define the optimum tracing of the endocardial surface on the 2-D echogram by using a fresh mongrel dog heart. It was revealed that the 2-D echographic views of the ventricular surface contained some artifact echoes inside the true echo of the endocardium. As a result, the optimum line for tracing was considered to be in external margin of the echo which seemed to represent the endocardium. This technique was then applied to 10 patients with congenital heart disease who were followed by cardiac catheterization. Ages ranged from 9 months to 5 years with an average of 2 years and 4 months. The RV was imaged by a subxiphoid approach. The RV apex, pulmonary valve (PV) and mid portion of the tricuspid valve were showed in a frontal view, which allowed to measure the frontal RV area (f). In a sagittal plane, the RV wall and the PV were imaged, and then the lateral area (l) and the RV long axis (d) were measured. From the biplane cineangiography, the frontal RV area (f') lateral area (l'), RV long axis (d') and RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) by arealength method were calculated. The f and l were correlated with the f' (r = 0.90) and with the l' (r = 0.86), respectively. However, the values by the echocardiographic measurement were smaller than those by the cineangiographic ones. The f was also well correlated with the RVEDV (r = 0.94). The f.l/d, considered to represent a variable of echography measurement of the RV volume by area-length method, was well correlated with the RVEDV (r = 0.84). Although there are still some problems related to the imaging technique and sharpness of the echogram, further improvement to establish a echocardiographic measurement of RV volume is expected with the advance of the techniques. PMID- 7345131 TI - [Measurement of cardiac volume by computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Noninvasive cardiac volume measurement by computed tomography (CT) was attempted in this study. It was found that non-gated CT images were very close to the end diastolic images by ECG-gated CT. Ten to fifteen non-gated scannings were obtained serially from the upper atria to the left diaphragm in 9 normal subjects and 72 patients (6 hypertensives, 7 aortic valvular diseases, 22 mitral valvular diseases, 5 shunt lesions and 33 ischemic heart diseases). To demarcate each chamber, contrast enhancement CT was performed by drip infusion in most cases, but it was done by 4-6 times bolus injections at the level of the left ventricle (LV) to visualize LV lumen in ischemic cardiac patients who had ventriculography. The volume was calculated by summing each slice's volume which was obtained from the area times slice thickness (Fig. 2). The total cardiac volume and the volume of each chamber (LA, RA, RV and LV) were calculated. The interventricular septum and LV wall were included into LV volume. There was a good relationship (r = 0.90) between the total cardiac volume by CT and that by chest X-ray (PA and lateral views) (Fig. 4). Each volume by CT in 9 normal subjects was: 353 +/- 30 ml/m2 in total, RA: 53 +/- 17 ml/m2, LA: 54 +/- 21 ml/m2, RV: 90 +/- 15 ml/m2, and LV: 123 +/- 15 ml/m2 (mean +/- SD), respectively, and an increment of each volume was shown according to the hemodynamic features of various heart diseases: the total volume was increased significantly in valvular disease (Fig. 5), RA and RV volumes in mitral valvular disease with tricuspid regurgitation and ASD (Figs. 6, 7) LA volume in mitral valvular disease and shunt lesion (Fig. 8) and LV volume in aortic valvular disease and mitral regurgitation (Fig. 9). Between the left ventricular lumen volume by Ct and its end-diastolic volume by ventriculography (area-length method), there was a good relationship (r - 0.81) in 17 cases without cardiac aneurysms out of 22 ischemic cardiac patients examined by ventriculography (RAO and LAO views) (Fig. 11). The cardiac CT was found very useful for measurements of cardiac volume, since it is noninvasive and quite simple yet reasonably accurate. PMID- 7345132 TI - [Evaluation of systolic motion of the pulmonic valve with special reference to pulmonary arterial pressure and flow velocity (author's transl)]. AB - To predict pulmonary arterial pressure non-invasively, systolic motion of the pulmonic valve was evaluated in relation to flow velocity at the pulmonic valve measured by the electromagnetic catheter-tip flow velocity probe or by linear contrast echo. Seventy-five cases including 45 cases with pulmonary hypertension (PH) of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) above 25 mmHg were studied. On the basis of the presence and velocity of mid-systolic semi-closure, the reopening and fluttering of the PV, the systolic motion of the pulmonic valve was classified into the following 5 types: 1) rapid semi-closure followed by reopening, 2) rapid semi-closure without reopening, 3) slow semi-closure followed by slow reopening, 4) rough fluttering during whole systole, and 5) rapid opening without semi-closure. Results were as follows: (1) In all cases in which mean PAP was normal, PV motion could be classified as type 5, (2) In 45 PH cases, mean PAP was 50.2 +/- 8.3 mmHg in type 1, 38.4 +/- 5.5 mmHg type 5, mean PAP was 16.3 +/- 11.7 mmHg when 30 normal cases were added. Flow velocity at the PV orifice was maximum in type I and decreased in type 2, 3 and 4 in this order. In type 4, cardiac indices were minimum in all groups of pulmonary hypertension. In conclusion, 1) systolic pulmonic valve motion is of value to predict PAP, and 2) it was suggested that mid-systolic semi-closure of the PV is related to increase in flow velocity at the PV orifice. PMID- 7345133 TI - [Blood flow analysis with pulsed echo Doppler cardiography in valvular pulmonary stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - Blood flows in the main pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow tract were analyzed in 11 cases of valvular pulmonary stenosis and 10 healthy subjects by pulsed echo Doppler cardiography (two dimensional) with the parasternal and suprasternal approaches. 1) The systolic flow in the right pulmonary artery was detected in 7 cases of valvular pulmonary stenosis, in which the flow of both right and main pulmonary arteries was detected in only one case. The flows seemed to be turbulent. These abnormal signals were never detected in healthy subjects and considered to be caused by the narrowing of the pulmonic orifice. 2) Abnormal flow signals were also detected in the right ventricular outflow tract in patients of pulmonary stenosis. Their features were as follows: (1) A systolic turbulent flow was detected in a case with severe hypertrophy of the wall and narrowing of the lumen of the right ventricular outflow tract. (2) A/S ratio, which is a ratio of the peak velocity in atrial contraction (A) to the peak velocity in systole (S), was larger in cases with pulmonary stenosis than in healthy subjects (p less than 0.05). It was considered that the atrial component in the right ventricular filling was augmented in pulmonary stenosis. (3) The PEP/ET (pre-ejection period/ejection time) of the right ventricle was smaller in cases with pulmonary stenosis than in healthy subjects (p less than 0.05). The ratio exhibited a reverse correlation with the pressure gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery (r = 0.74, p less than 0.025). (4) Acceleration time index, a ratio of the time interval between the upstroke and the peak velocity of ejection flow to the ejection time, as a parameter indicating the time delay of the peak velocity exhibited a significant correlation with the pressure gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery (r = 0.67, p less than 0.05). (5) No correspondence was revealed between the time interval of Q-peak velocity in systole and that of Q-peak intensity of the murmur during systole. It was remained to be clarified. PMID- 7345134 TI - [Phonocardiographic and ultrasonocardiographic findings in seven cases of coronary artery fistula (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis possibility of the involved arteries as well as drained site was studied in 7 cases of coronary artery fistula by pharmacodynamic phonocardiography and echocardiography. All cases had a continuous murmur, which was decreased soon after the inhalation of amyl nitrite but increased thereafter. These characteristic changes were diagnostic for coronary artery fistula. Two dimensional echocardiograms could easily disclose the fistulous coronary artery with proximal dilatation, but not that without dilatation. The 2.4 and 3.5 mHz transducer used in this study revealed the fistulous coronary artery of 5 mm diameter confirmed by the angiocardiogram. However, the visualization depended on the anatomical relation to the aorta. In cases with drainage into the pulmonary artery, the fistulous coronary artery passed usually upwards near the aorta, so that it could be detected with the beam direction focussing to the anterior and posterior walls of the aorta. In these cases, the passage of the fistulous artery originating from the right coronary artery was easily recognized and the involved coronary artery was inferred. But it was difficult to follow the passage when originating from the left coronary artery. PMID- 7345135 TI - [Fetal echocardiography: structural evaluation of the fetal heart and prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography has developed to the routine examination to diagnose congenital heart disease. In this study, we studied the value of two dimensional echocardiography for evaluating the development of the fetal heart and for prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. We studied 100 fetuses whose gestational ages were 16-40 weeks of pregnancy. The examination was performed with Toshiba Sonolayer-V model SSL-53M. The scanners were the 2.25 MHz linear and sector transducers. The images were recorded on videotapes. Changing the scanner direction according to the fetal position, we recorded the left ventricular long-axis view, short-axis view of great arteries and four-chamber view. In the four-chamber view, diameters of the tricuspid and mitral valve rings were measured. In the short-axis view of great arteries, the diameters of the aorta and pulmonary artery were measured. We identified the right and left ventricles by detecting both the great arteries and attaching sites of the atrioventricular valves. The identification of the aorta was made by detecting the arch and the identification of the pulmonary artery was made by depicting its two branches. Cardiac structures were identified on the fetus over five months of pregnancy. In many instances recordings were obtained in 7 months fetuses. The success rate to get clear recordings was 88% of all cases in the four-chamber view, 75% in the short-axis view of great arteries and 71% in the left ventricular long-axis view, respectively. The average ratio of the mitral to tricuspid valvular diameter and that of the pulmonary arterial to aortic diameter were both less than 1, suggesting the right ventricular dominance in fetal hearts. From these findings, it might be possible to diagnose prenatally certain congenital heart diseases such as atrioventricular valve atresia and semilunar valve atresia which require the critical evaluation and management in the neonatal periods. PMID- 7345136 TI - The applications of the dental microscope: preliminary report. PMID- 7345137 TI - Anterior temporal anastomosis: a new approach to the problem of extracranial intracranial bypass. PMID- 7345138 TI - Heparin and small caliber polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in the carotid arteries of rats. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts having an internal diameter of 1 mm were implanted in the common carotid arteries of rats with or without the simultaneous application of various heparin regiments. Graft patency was determined from postoperative angiograms, and grafts were patent 40 days after surgery were harvested for light microscopic examination. The level of anticoagulation produced by the various heparin regimens was measured in separate groups of rats and found to be clinically therapeutic. All of the grafts from rats that did not receive heparin were occluded at 24 hours. In the two groups of rats that received high doses of heparin, 5 of 10 and 4 of 11 grafts were patent 40 days postoperatively. There were no patent grafts three days postoperatively in the group receiving low doses of heparin. The grafts that were patent 40 days postoperatively had lumens that were completely lined with presumptive endothelial cells. Further laboratory experimentation is needed before PTFE small caliber grafts can be recommended for use in humans. PMID- 7345139 TI - A variable-force microvascular clip. AB - An easily adjustable, variable-force microvascular clip is described. This clip is superior to other clips currently available because it is essentially three clips in one. Its advantages are that it can reduce the amount of table area needed to store clips during surgery and it offers the surgeon greater flexibility in the selection of clips with different closing forces. This clip was developed by modifying the segments of a basic alpha-type clip, designing a computer program to analyze the force contributions made by each segment of the clip, constructing several clips with different blade lengths, and testing them in a microvascular surgery research program. The clip we have developed is easy to use, reduces clutter on the instrument table, aand offers the surgeon a wide choice of closing forces with a minimal number of clips. PMID- 7345140 TI - Identification of a large from of the chick liver estrogen receptor. AB - Chick liver cytosol contains an approximately 85 form of the estrogen receptor which can be visualized on sucrose gradients if the cytosol is prepared in the presence of sodium molybdate. This large form of the receptor may also be observed on gel filtration columns where it migrates as a molecule with a Stokes' radius of approximately 6 min. This receptor form can be partially purified and freed from non-specific binding components by chromatography on heparin Sepharose. One eluted, the receptor has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.2S. The 6.2S form may be further "transformed" to a 5-5.5S receptor once molybdate is removed. The form present in th nucleus of estrogen-treated chicks is 4.5S. These results indicate that the estrogen receptor of chick liver is similar to all other steroid receptor so far described: a large cytoplasmic form of the receptor, which can be stabilized by molybdate, is transformed to a smaller nuclear form. There appear to be small differences in the physical characteristics of the estrogen receptors of chick liver and oviduct. PMID- 7345141 TI - Skeletal age as a determinant of gestation in Macaca mulatta. A radiographic study. PMID- 7345142 TI - Characterization of a simian foamy virus isolated from a spontaneous primate lymphoma. AB - Examination of tissues from a stump-tailed monkey (Macaca arctoides) with a spontaneous lymphoid malignancy by light and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a diffuse lymphoma of intermediate cell type. Membranes showed positivity with anti-Ia-like antisera and negativity with all other markers. In vitro cocultivation of affected tissues resulted in the isolation of an agent found to have properties idenitical to those described for simian foamy virus type 1. There was no evidence for the presence of oncoviruses. PMID- 7345143 TI - Establishment of normal electrocardiographic values for a colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) under sedated and unsedated conditions. PMID- 7345144 TI - Septicemia and meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a neonatal Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 7345145 TI - A two-dimensional model of female sexual response. AB - On the basis of a review of previous research on orgasm consistency and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual females, a two-dimensional conceptual model of sexual responsivity is proposed as a foundation for future research and theory. Methodological problems as well as conceptual inadequacies of past research are discussed. Research evidence strongly indicates that the variable of sexual satisfaction is a long overlooked but critical concept in the full understanding of female heterosexual behavior. PMID- 7345146 TI - Circumvaginal musculature and female sexual function: the past, present and future. AB - The circumvaginal musculature had been of interest to sex researchers and therapists dating back at least as far as Dickinson and Van de Velde. Until recently, much of the information in this area was anecdotal and theoretical. Recent advances in instrumentation and neurophysiology are beginning to make advances in a scientific understanding of this area. This paper presents a review of past and present work in this area and uses this information to make some theoretical speculations. PMID- 7345147 TI - Research criteria for male erectile failure. AB - Although the spectrum of psychosexual disorders is rather broad, there is a specific subgroup of sexual function disorders which has recently received wide attention due to the increased treatment success reported with the use of primarily behavioral means. Classification in this area, however, has been quite variable making replication of studies quite difficult. Although this is somewhat improved in the new psychiatric nomenclature DSM III, that nomenclature is still not physiologically based and does not allow the specificity necessary for replication of studies for research. We present here a nosology for the sexual function disorders based on physiology and with the capability of specificity necessary for replication. It is adaptable to the current edition of DSM III. PMID- 7345148 TI - Retarded ejaculation as a function of non-aversive conditioning and discrimination: a hypothesis. AB - Learning theory formulations of the development of retarded ejaculation have, so far, been confined to the conditioning of anxiety as the principal aetiological factor. A preliminary study of nine patients with ejaculatory failure suggests that positive reinforcement associated with self-masturbation may play a more central role. Some preliminary clinical observations consistent with this hypothesis, and the implications for treatment are discussed. PMID- 7345149 TI - A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children. AB - A 45-item questionnaire was administered to 952 college students. The questionnaire covered the frequency, components, and adult consequences of child molestation in a non-clinical population and provided the basis for comparisons between molested females with and without current sexual problems, and molested females vs. molested males. The male molestation rate was 4.8% with a 3:2 ratio of hetero:homosexual molestation. The female molestation rate was 7.7%. The single significant difference between the two female groups was the negative effect of positive coercion. Significant differences between molested males and females included greater positive coercion and homosexual molestation in males and greater familial molestation and negative consequences of molestation in females. The results were discussed with respect to the role of guilt and the sexual socialization of males and females. PMID- 7345150 TI - Marital compatibility in sensation seeking trait as a factor in marital adjustment. PMID- 7345151 TI - The impact of sex therapy on sexual behaviors and marital communication. AB - The evaluation results of a short term intensive sex dysfunction workshop are presented. The evaluation research design involves before and after measures of sexual behaviors, sexual expectations, sexual communication, and marital communication. The results indicate that participants changed with regard to each of these variables. The workshop appears to impact couples in three ways: (1) there is a narrowing of the gap between actual and desired sexual behaviors, (2) there is improved sexual communication, and (3) there is improved marital communication. The results indicate that a combination of group instruction and individual therapy is an effective intervention technique in treating couples with sexual problems. PMID- 7345152 TI - Paraphilia and abuse-martyrdom: exhibitionism as a paradigm for reciprocal couple counseling combined with antiandrogen. AB - A paraphiliac with syndrome of exhibitionism has received treatment with the anti androgenic hormone, Depo-Provera, for three years and is maintained on 350 mg, intramuscularly each week. He and his wife had been in a pathological oppressor/martyr relationship, he as a paraphiliac-oppressor and she as an abuse martyr. They both receive reciprocal counseling therapy in individual and couple sessions. Antiandrogen diminishes paraphilic fantasy and enhances self-governance of its behavioral concomitants, but does not totally suppress erotosexual expression. Reciprocal counseling therapy enhances erotosexuality and pair bondedness between the two partners as they both change, not singly, but mutually, toward a more healthy life style. PMID- 7345153 TI - The role of resistance in sex therapy. AB - Resistance, the sum of forces opposing the treatment process, is particularly manifest in conjoint sex therapy and may well threaten the successful conduct of treatment unless recognized promptly and dealt with appropriately. A classification of resistant behaviour most common in sex therapy is proposed and illustrated with clinical vignettes. Treatment strategies are discussed as well as indications for referral to longer term therapy. PMID- 7345154 TI - A comparison of couples who have sought sex therapy with couples who have not. AB - The basic complaint of couples seeking sex therapy is that their sexual relationship is no longer satisfying to them, that they cannot deal with it. Although all couples who seek sex therapy feel that they have sex problems, not all couples experiencing sex problems seek sex therapy. We hypothesized that the way in which couples differ in their reaction to sex problems and their abilities to handle them is an important factor in determining their sexual satisfaction. To investigate this hypothesis, we looked at couples who attended a sex therapy clinic and at a demographically similar group of couples who have not sought sex therapy. The results suggest that factors in their relationship (marital functioning and communication and sexual communication) are a major difference between couples who seek therapy and those who do not. PMID- 7345155 TI - Impact of sex education on medical students' projections of patients' attitudes. AB - Although previous studies have indicated that sex education courses in medical school improved students' sexual knowledge and personal sexual attitudes, response bias and lack of control groups led to erroneous interpretations of course effectiveness. Using a modified form of the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT), the sexual attitudes and knowledge of sophomores were tested before and after a medical school sex education course, with a group of senior students who had not had the course as a control group. The students were asked not only to give their own personal responses to the questions, but to project how they thought a "typical patient" might respond. A group of patients were also given the SKAT test. Postcourse sophomores responded much as the seniors did, and pre and postcourse sophomores and seniors all erroneously perceived patients as highly conservative sexually. In reality, although patients were somewhat more conservative than students on several dimensions of the test, their conservativeness was neither as pervasive nor as profound as the students anticipated. Medical students' stereotypes of patients' sexual attitudes were also highly resistant to change. PMID- 7345156 TI - Transsexualism or the gender dysphoria syndromes. AB - Professional, patient and media forces tend to oversimplify the complexity of the gender dysphoria syndrome. Because sex reassignment surgery may be helpful to some patients with the syndrome and harmful to others, mental health professionals need to competently perform differential diagnoses of both the gender disorder and the associated psychopathologies. This frequently involves distinctions between subtle forms of psychosis, character pathologies of varying severity, and major developmental problems. Surgery should not be considered the only, or the best, treatment for the syndrome. Contrary to popular belief, psychotherapy can help many patients, especially those with secondary gender dysphoria. PMID- 7345157 TI - Using the Draw-A-Person (DAP) Test in sex therapy. AB - This paper describes eight years of experience in using the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test in sex therapy. The DAP was used as part of the initial assessment and as a source of data about change during the course of therapy and at termination. The DAP test was found to be a helpful adjunct to clinical observation with regard to both intrapsychic and interpersonal factors, and it is recommended as a tool which may be useful to other sex therapists. PMID- 7345158 TI - Dating skills training in the group treatment of erectile dysfunction for men without partners. AB - This study was a controlled evaluation of men's group treatment of erectile dysfunction that emphasized communication and dating skills training for men without partners. Following a 6-week pretreatment waiting period, 11 men were seen for 10 sessions in two men's groups led by different cotherapy teams. Several female guest therapists attended three sessions to help the men role-play a sequence of difficult social interactions. A series of communication/dating homework assignments was added to the weekly sensual/sexual assignments. The results indicated no improvement during the waiting control period, but significant improvement on measures of sexual attitudes and behaviors following treatment. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of erection difficulties before intercourse and a trend toward reduction of erection difficulties during intercourse. These improvements were maintained over a 6 month follow-up. PMID- 7345159 TI - An evaluation of sexual performance--comparison between sexually dysfunctional and functional couples. AB - A multidisciplinary team approach was used to identify different correlates of sexual inadequacy, by comparing sexually dysfunctional and adequately functioning couples. Early familial disruption, traditional/religious upbringing and current religiosity of the male patient, prejudices concerning normal sex behavior, sexual ignorance, communication problems, and myths resulted in rigid stereotyped sexual behavior for both partners in our dysfunctional, patient group. These behaviors are characterized by "gender asymmetry" in all aspects of sexual activity. Contrary to previous reports, it was found that men are very concerned with partner satisfaction and are the primary initiators for therapy. PMID- 7345160 TI - A typology of marital interaction for sexually dysfunctional couples. AB - An empirical typology of marital interactions for couples seeking sexual dysfunction therapy was developed based upon their self-evaluations and interpersonal perceptions on the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis (T-JTA). T JTA scores of 246 couples on the psychological traits of Expressive Responsive/Inhibited and Hostility/Tolerance were used to separate four groups of couples defining three distinct types of marital interactions. Groups 1 and 2 represented the Conflict-Centered relationship in which one spouse, wives and husbands respectively, scored high on the trait Hostility. Group 3, the Passive Constrained relationship was characterized by husbands who scored low on the trait Expressive-Responsive (Inhibited) and Group 4, the Congenial-Affectionate relationship was based upon the profiles of the remaining couples in this sample. Self-perceptions of spouses are described and the transactional dynamics of the couple types discussed in terms of their therapeutic implications. PMID- 7345161 TI - Do pelvic floor exercises really improve orgasmic potential? AB - Women with orgasmic difficulties are commonly taught pubococcygeal (PC) muscle exercises which, practiced regularly, are said to have both specific and nonspecific beneficial effects on sexual enjoyment. The hypothesis tested was that women practicing these exercises over a 12-week period, would be more likely to become orgasmic than women practicing relaxation exercises, or than women in an attention-control group. Forty-six women were allocated to one of three groups, PC exercise, relaxation or control. PC muscle tone was measured and questionnaires about sexual response were completed over a 12-week period with a 6-month follow-up assessment. Results indicated that there was no difference in orgasmic outcome for the three groups during the experimental period. This was taken to imply that PC exercises are not of specific value for women with normal muscle tone. It remains possible that women with poor muscle tone are helped by the exercises and further research is considered necessary in this area. PMID- 7345162 TI - Discrimination of organic versus psychological impotence with the DSFI: a failure to replicate. AB - Patients with a presenting complaint of erectile dysfunction were extensively investigated by a research team consisting of a urologist, vascular surgeon, psychiatrist and psychiatric social worker. Patients were assigned to organic and psychogenic groups according to specified criteria. Multiple comparisons of psychogenic and organic impotence cases on scores derived from the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) did not differentiate the two groups. This inventory did, however, manifest numerous relationships with demographic variables. Failure to identify a psychological profile characteristic of psychogenic impotence was attributed to the heterogenity of this diagnostic grouping and selection processes in seeking treatment for such disorders. PMID- 7345163 TI - Human oral and inhalation exposures to lead: summary of Kehoe balance experiments. PMID- 7345164 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 2,4,5-T PGBE ester applied dermally to rats. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of the herbicide 2,4,5-T PGBE ester (propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 14C-labeled in the ring was examined in rats given a single dermal application of 5 mg/kg. The rate of absorption of the ester through the skin was lower than the rate of hydrolysis to 2,4,5-T acid and the rate of excretion of 2,4,5-T in the urine. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was apparently first order with a half-life of approximately 24 h. Clearance of radioactivity from blood plasma, liver kidneys, and the remaining carcass was also apparently first order with half-life values ranging from 25 to 37 h. Six days (144 h) after application of the dose, an average of 98.7 +/- 5.1% of the applied radioactivity was recovered in he urine, and approximately 97% of the urinary radioactivity was identified as 2,4,5-T acid. The tissue-to-plasma ratios of 14C activity in liver and kidney were similar to those observed previously in rats given a single iv dose of 5 mg/kg 2,4,5-T acid. The results of this study indicate that the pharmacokinetic model for 2,4,5-T PGBE ester in rats is similar to that for 2,4,5-T acid. This similarity suggests the chronic exposures to 2,4,5-T acid and its PGBE ester would be toxicologically comparable. The low rate of absorption of the ester through the skin suggests that removal of the ester from the skin by washing after exposure might substantially reduce the dose of 2,4,5-T received by this route. Since the urinary excretion rate of 2,4,5 T in humans is known, a similar pharmacokinetic model for humans may be developed to calculate the absorbed dose of 2,4,5-T based on urinary excretion data. PMID- 7345165 TI - Radioimmunoassays of abrin and ricin in blood. AB - Radioimmunoassays for abrin and ricin are described. There is little cross reactivity between the two toxins. The procedures described are capable of determining blood concentrations down to 50-100 pg/ml, permitting identification of abrin and ricin poisoning and monitoring of the blood concentrations in cancer patients treated with these agents. PMID- 7345166 TI - Relations between iron and vanadium metabolism: in vivo incorporation of vanadium into iron proteins of the rat. AB - In vivo experiments with 48V and 59Fe radiotracers were performed to study the association of V with Fe proteins. Each male rat was injected ip with 10 micrograms 48VO2+ and then with 1 microgram 59Fe3+ to label Fe-containing proteins. The radioactivities incorporated were measured in plasma transferrin, red blood cell hemoglobin, liver ferritin, partially purified heart myoglobin, and liver mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes b and c and ferriporphyrin. Liver ferritin can bind V in vivo similarly to plasma transferrin, as shown by gel filtration and immunoprecipitation. Negligible amounts of 48 V were incorporated into hemoglobin, partially purified myoglobin, and cytochromes b and c. These findings suggest that the nonenzymatic Fe-containing proteins may be involved in the V metabolism. PMID- 7345167 TI - Fly ash-induced changes in hamster tracheal epithelium in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effects of fly ash from a coal-fired power plant on tracheal epithelium of crRGH (SYR) Syrian golden hamsters were studied in organ cultures and after in vivo exposures. The tracheal epithelium of animals receiving 5-9 daily (5 d/wk) 3 h exposures to 2 mg fly ash per cubic meter showed large areas of basal cell hyperplasia and stratification. Surface alterations characteristic of stratified metaplasia were observed. Exposure to 1 mg/m3 produced diffuse basal cell hyperplasia. Hamster tracheal ring cultures exposed in vitro to 50 micrograms/ml fly ash for 1 h/d or to 10 micrograms/ml for 3h/d showed epithelial changes similar to those observed in vivo. Whole suckling hamster tracheas in organ culture exposed to fly ash at concentrations of 10 and 50 micrograms/ml for 1 or 3 h/d exhibited cornifying epidermoid metaplasia after 7 exposures. The most characteristic findings in surface cells were broad metaplastic areas with keratin formation. PMID- 7345168 TI - Characterization of DNA repair elicited by carcinogens and drugs in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test. AB - The autoradiographic unscheduled DNA synthesis measured in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test after exposure to chemical carcinogens was characterized. In order to document that this synthesis was occurring in nonreplicated DNA, density labeled, replicated DNA was separated from nonreplicated DNA by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. Incorporation of [3H] thymidine into nonreplicated DNA was detected after exposure of hepatocytes to methyl methanesulfonate, an activation independent carcinogen, or N-2 acetylaminofluorene, an activation-dependent carcinogen, but not with fluorene, a noncarcinogen. N-4-Acetylaminofluorene, a mutagenic compound of uncertain carcinogenicity, also caused DNA repair. Both the autoradiographic assay and density gradient centrifugation detected incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA from the same hepatocyte preparation. By using density gradient centrifugation, DNA repair was detected in hepatocytes following exposure to the antihistamines pyrilamine maleate and tripelennamine HCl. Methapyrilene failed to elicit repair. Thus this study (1) verifies that the unscheduled DNA synthesis seen in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test after carcinogen exposure in DNA repair And (2) confirms the induction of DNA repair by pyrilamine maleate and tripelennamine HCl but not by methapyrilene. PMID- 7345169 TI - Cadmium, copper, and zinc excretion and their binding to metallothionein in urine of cadmium exposed rats. AB - The urinary excretion of Cd, Cu, and Zn was measured in rats injected with 0.5 mg/kg Cd, sc, 6 d/wk for u to 25 wk. Gel chromatographic analysis for these urinary metals were also carried out. The Cd excretion slightly increased at first, followed by a rapid increase with concurrent appearance of proteinuria around 6 wk. During these early weeks, excretion of Cu in the urine showed a more pronounced increase and reached a plateau level (three to four times the control value). Zn excretion showed a sharp increase accompanied by proteinuria, following a slight increase, and reached about 10 times the control value. A linear relation was obtained between Cd and both Cu and Zn in the urine before proteinuria appeared. Metallothionein (MT) in the urine was associated only with Cu before the appearance of proteinuria. Cu-MT increased with increasing excretion of urinary Cu. Cd-containing MT first appeared in the urine after on onset of proteinuria, but it was still rich in Cu at first. Fron 10 wk, urinary MT showed an excess increase and contained much Cd than Cu. Zn-MT was not observed in the urine. Most of the urinary Zn was recovered from the lower molecular-weight fractions. The results suggest that MT is directly involved in urinary excretion of Cu in the absence of renal damage and in the excretion of Cd as well as Cu after the appearance of toxicity in Cd-exposed rats. PMID- 7345170 TI - Multigeneration study of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in rats. AB - Rats were continuously exposed to 0, 25, 100, or 400 ppm 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in the drinking water, beginning with birth of the F0 generation and continuing through weaning of the F2 generation. The treatment did not affect fertility, growth, viability, locomotor activity, or blood chemical analysis. Adrenal gland enlargement was observed in both the F0 and F1 animals at 95 d of age. To further examine the adrenal enlargement found in the reproduction study, an acute toxicity study was undertaken in which immature females were given ip injections of 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg TCB on 3 consecutive days. It was found that TCB had no estrogenic activity and that the livers and adrenals of treated females were significantly larger than those of controls. Rather than being estrogenic, TCB in this treatment regimen resulted in a decrease in uterine weight. These two studies demonstrate that chronic or acute doses of TCB can produce adrenal enlargement in rats. PMID- 7345171 TI - Ultrastructure of pulmonary tumors induced in rats by N-nitrosomethylurethane. PMID- 7345172 TI - Neurotoxicity of two organophosphorus ester flame retardants in hens. AB - Delayed neurotoxicity in hens was reported after the administration of several chlorinated alkyl phosphates. Neurotoxicity increased in a homologous series with the size and/or hydrophobic nature of substituents. In the present study the neurotoxicities of two commercial flame retardants, Fyrol PCF [tri(2 chloropropyl) phosphate] and Fyrol CEF [tri)beta-chloroethyl) phosphate], were compared in adult White Leghorn hens. When Fyrol PCF (10 ml/kg neat) was administered orally to four hens, no inhibition of plasma cholinesterase or brain neurotoxic esterase was evident 24 h later. Fyrol CEF (10 ml/kg neat) produced significantly greater inhibition of plasma cholinesterase (87.1%) and brain neurotoxic esterase (30.0%). Since neither compound produced greater than 75% neurotoxic esterase inhibition, they were not expected to produce delayed neurotoxicity in hens. This was verified in hens treated twice with Fyrol PCF (10 ml/kg neat) or Fyrol CEF (10 ml/kg neat) and observed for 6 wk. Neither group showed behavioral or histopathologic evidence of delayed neurotoxicity. Measurement of neurotoxic esterase correctly predicted the lack of potential of the two flame retardants to induce delayed neurotoxicity in hens. PMID- 7345173 TI - [Morphological studies for invasion and intracellular growth of F. Tularensis in cultured cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345174 TI - [New K antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a strain isolated from a traveller to the Phillippines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345175 TI - [Testosterone therapy for aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345176 TI - [Clinical study of granulocyte transfusions. (1) granulocyte collection by filtration leukapheresis (FL) and in vitro function of FL-collected granulocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345177 TI - [Clinical study of granulocyte transfusions. (2) Clinical efficacy of granulocytes produced by filtration leukapheresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345178 TI - [Diagnosis of acute leukemia in 70 cases--the application of FAB classification and its problem--(author's transl)]. PMID- 7345179 TI - [A study on proliferation kinetics of human leukemic blast cells and application in treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia by the use of flow cytometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345180 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia of which remission was obtained by splenectomy alone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345181 TI - [A case of sideroblastic anemia with dermal photosensitivity and increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345182 TI - [An autopsy case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with pancytopenia and interstitial pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345183 TI - [Two cases of plasma cell leukemia.--a case of IgD plasma cell leukemia and a case of IgG multiple myeloma terminated in plasma cell leukemia--(author's transl)]. PMID- 7345184 TI - [A family with antithrombin III deficiency found with chronic pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345185 TI - [A case of malignant lymphoma occurring subsequent to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345186 TI - [Decreased heme synthetase activity in erythroblasts in two patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345187 TI - Genetic study of hypothenar patterns on the palm: estimation of the heritability of liability. PMID- 7345188 TI - Survey of patients with early-onset myotonic dystrophy in the San-In district, Japan. PMID- 7345189 TI - The distribution of the ABH secretors with myotonic dystrophy in San-In district of Japan. PMID- 7345190 TI - Long arm deletion of the X chromosome, 46,X,del(xX)(q21), associated with gonadoblastoma. PMID- 7345191 TI - [Mechanical interdependence of the lung and airway (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345192 TI - [Studies on oxalate in urolithiasis. II. Urinary oxalate in oxalate stone-formers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345193 TI - [Studies on oxalate in urolithiasis. III. Effect of xylitol infusion on plasma and urinary oxalate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345194 TI - [Urodynamic study of lower urinary tract. XI. Clinical significance of unstable bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345195 TI - [Urodynamic studies on detrusor hyperreflexia. I. An urodynamic analysis of clinical pictures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345196 TI - [Urodynamic studies on detrusor hyperreflexia. II. Pharmacological and physiological suppression of the detrusor hyperreflexia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345197 TI - [Urodynamic studies on detrusor hyperreflexia. III. Clinical treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia by TURP, oral administration of flavoxate and prolonged bladder distension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345198 TI - [Spontaneous renal rupture: report of four patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345199 TI - [Urinary matrix calculi consisting of low molecular weight protein in chronic uremic patients with hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345200 TI - [Recent achievements in corneal pathophysiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345201 TI - [Comparative evaluation of corneal wound suture or union with tissue adhesive in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345202 TI - [Morphological investigations of Schwalbe's lines in rabbit eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345203 TI - [Scanning microscopic examinations of corneal endothelium in absolute glaucoma in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345204 TI - [Investigations of corneal sensation in divers by means of electromilidynamometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345205 TI - [Corneal innervation after cataract surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345206 TI - [Corneal changes during amiodarone treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345207 TI - [Corneal changes during aphakia correction with soft contact lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345208 TI - [Long-standing continuous use of soft contact lens in corneal cystic degeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345209 TI - [Oxygen therapy in corneal diseases, Preliminary communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345210 TI - [Regulation of liquid nitrogen temperature in the treatment of viral keratitis]. PMID- 7345211 TI - [Cryotherapy in a rare case of corneal endothelium degeneration after cataract surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345212 TI - [Corneal incision and corneoscleral incision in cataract surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345213 TI - [A new instrument for superficial keratectomy. A modified electric drilling machine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345214 TI - [Biometric investigations of corneal and anterior chamber changes caused by mydriatics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345215 TI - [Changes of aqueous during corneal wound healing in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345216 TI - [Transformation of connective tissue cells by pathological altered synovial fluid as demonstrated by experimental studies (author's transl)]. AB - Joint cavities and tendon sheaths are fissurations in the mesenchyme. The coating synovial lining cell layer is caused through the environment of the synovial fluid. The pathologically altered synovial fluid initiates the transformation and proliferation of the marginal connective tissue cells. Evidence for this thesis are the synovial transformatory processes of the cutaneous connective tissue in the area of a synovial fistula and the formation of synovial like structures in the subcutaneous fatty tissues of the rat following the application of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7345217 TI - [Urological complications in the treatment of gynecological malignancy (author's transl)]. AB - Urological complications are frequent during and after the treatment of gynecological malignancy. Most complications occur after the treatment of cervical carcinoma. The are even more numerous when gynaecological malignancy is treated with radical operation and radiation. Therefore, urological examinations and urodynamic measurement must be performed before and after radical treatment. Early detection of urological complications is one of the conditions for a better survival of patients with gynaecological malignancy. PMID- 7345218 TI - [Apoptosis of the endometrium (author's transl)]. AB - Bioptic material taken from the endometrium of 67 women with the regular menstrual cycle and from 20 patients with irregular bleeding was analysed. In the premenstrual phase of women with the normal cycle and pronounced progesterone action the author found apoptic bodies n 75% of cases. The same percentage (76.92%) of the apoptosis of the endometrium was found in women with irregular bleeding and pronounced progesterone action. The positive finding of apoptotic bodies indicates the beginning of a bionecrotic process tending to generate the endometrium. PMID- 7345219 TI - [Prolactin in amnionic fluid and serum of women in early pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Transvaginal amniocentesis performed in 257 women in the first trimester of pregnancy produced 99 samples of the amnionic fluid. Prolactin was determined in all samples of the amnionic fluid and in the serum of all pregnant women. In the amnionic fluid there were very small amounts of prolactin in the early days of pregnancy, from 5 to 6 weeks. Prolactin values remained the same, in spite of large individual oscillation, up to the 11th week of pregnancy. After 11th week of pregnancy the content of prolactin rapidly goes up, so that in the 15th and the 16th week it reaches its mean value of 1183.43 micrograms/l. In the serum of pregnant women prolactin exceeds the value of the luteinic phase (outside pregnancy) only in the 7th week, although in some women examined it remains below these values up to the 13th week. After the 13th week there is a slow, linear increase of serum prolactin with the advance of pregnancy. No significant correlation was found between prolactin values in the amnionic fluid and the serum of pregnant women. PMID- 7345220 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay measurement of estrogens in EPH gestoses (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations were made in 312 healthy gravidas, from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation, in order to establish normal values of serum and urinary estrogens. The study also included 210 gravidas with EPH gestosis classified into three groups according to symptomatology: mild EPH gestosis (98), moderate EPH gestosis (70), and severe EPH gestosis (42). Mild cases did not show any significant deviations from normal serum and urinary estrogen values. Moderate cases were found to have serum estrogen values considerably below the urinary values, and with significant deviations from the normal values. Extremely low values of serum and urinary estrogens were found in severe EPH gestoses. These pregnancies ended unfavourably. Estrogen levels in every form of EPH gestosis reflect the functional state of the feto-placental unit and the degree of fetal risk within this integrated system. PMID- 7345221 TI - [Analysis of causes of CNS damages in neonates delivered by cesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - Of 27.978 newborns delivered at the University Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Beogradu, from 1978 to 1980, 2218 (7.92%) were born by cesarean sections. Clinical-biochemical and morphological elements of hypoxic and ischemic CNS lesions were found in 107 (4.82%) cases out of the infants born by cesarean section and in 1301 (5.05%) cases out of the infants born by vaginal delivery. The difference is not statistically significant. Investigations of the causes, i. e. risk factors of CNS lesions in infants born by cesarean section, in correlation with the control group consisting of 670 cesarean sections performed in 1980 without CNS lesions, have revealed: a) high risk factor (p less than 0.01) appeared to involve parity (para III and more), maternal diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, EPH gestosis), placenta praevia, premature rupture of the membranes, prematurity birth weight below 2500 g, and low Apgar score (1-7); b) significant risk factors (p less than 0.05) are some social factors (unemployed mothers and mothers from rural areas), duration of labor (more than 10 hours), transverse presentation, hydramnion, previous spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. The analysis has shown that CNS lesions in infants born by cesarean section may result from different factors; medical, biological, and social. PMID- 7345222 TI - [Coincidence of total uterine prolapse and cervical cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345223 TI - [Vaginal evisceration during coitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345224 TI - [Analgesia in extrahospital gynecological interventions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345225 TI - [Concurrent uterine and tubal pregnancy of five lunar months (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345226 TI - [Hemorrhagic syndrome in pregnancy and delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345227 TI - [Treatment of newborns with intersex states (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345228 TI - [Osseous localizations of Hodgkin's disease (general review of the literature)]. PMID- 7345229 TI - [Osseous localizations of Hodgkin's disease in Morocco]. PMID- 7345230 TI - [Child victims of abuse (apropos of 10 cases)]. PMID- 7345231 TI - [Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7345232 TI - [Fanconi's disease. Study of 4 new Moroccan cases]. PMID- 7345233 TI - [Seroepidemiologic study in Morocco. Immunologic survey on mumps (study of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies of mumps virus in 975 serums)]. PMID- 7345234 TI - [Multiple sclerosis in Morocco]. PMID- 7345235 TI - [Coralliform renal lithiasis (apropos of 146 calculi in 126 patients)]. PMID- 7345236 TI - [Intracorporeal cardiac stimulators]. PMID- 7345237 TI - [A new case of Dubin-Johnson disease]. PMID- 7345238 TI - [Knife injury of the portal vein and the principal bile duct]. PMID- 7345239 TI - [Intracranial chondromas]. PMID- 7345240 TI - [A case of pulmonary angioma]. PMID- 7345241 TI - [Treatment of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 7345242 TI - [Antibiotherapy and hospital practice]. PMID- 7345243 TI - [Resistance phenotypes to 4 antibiotics of bacteria isolated in a hospital setting]. PMID- 7345244 TI - [Obstructive anuria. Apropos of 57 cases in 53 patients]. PMID- 7345245 TI - [Frequency of tinea capitis in Fes]. PMID- 7345246 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis. Analysis of a homogeneous series of 33 cases]. PMID- 7345247 TI - [Non secreting malignant adrenal cortex carcinoma. Apropos of a case with review of the literature]. PMID- 7345248 TI - [Adrenal cortex carcinoma in children]. PMID- 7345249 TI - [Chronic form of Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 7345250 TI - [Management of coma]. PMID- 7345251 TI - Superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7345252 TI - Transfer factor (TFd). Part III. In vitro effects on the leucocyte migration inhibition. PMID- 7345253 TI - Transfer factor (TFd). Part IV. Transfer factor in mucocutaneous candidiasis treatment. PMID- 7345254 TI - Regeneration dynamics of mucosa of rats' small intestine after in situ desquamation of epithelium using the solution of natrium tetraphenylborate as a factor complexing K+ ions. PMID- 7345255 TI - The effect of calf-blood extract ("Solcoseryl'Solco") on the morphological appearance and certain histochemical reactions in rat liver. PMID- 7345256 TI - The role of sex chromosomes in sex development in man. PMID- 7345257 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease: is it caused by an infectious agent? A look at some old and new theories. PMID- 7345258 TI - Differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 7345259 TI - Development of immunity in children. PMID- 7345260 TI - Regulatory mechanisms immunoglobulin synthesis in patients with X-linked and common variable immunodeficiency with hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 7345261 TI - The role of immunopathologic factors in hematopoietic disorders. PMID- 7345262 TI - The analysis of factors influencing IgE level in the course of malignant lymphogranulomatosis with particular reference to the effects of splenectomy. PMID- 7345263 TI - Circulating immunological complexes in the course of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7345264 TI - Selective IgA deficiency with low molecular weight immunoglobulin-like proteins in saliva. PMID- 7345265 TI - Brain development and the structural basis of perinatal brain damage. PMID- 7345266 TI - Special features of the brain microcirculation: role in brain edema formation. PMID- 7345267 TI - Computed tomography and ultrasound evaluation of neonates with asphyxia and/or intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 7345268 TI - [Phylogenetic study of intramural coronary vessels]. PMID- 7345269 TI - [Myocardial infarct after blunt chest injury]. PMID- 7345270 TI - [Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose]. PMID- 7345271 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in diabetes with and without complications (preliminary communication)]. PMID- 7345272 TI - [Dermabrasion - indications and technics]. PMID- 7345273 TI - [Hypokalemic periodic paralysis]. PMID- 7345274 TI - [Principles in the diagnosis of hand injuries]. PMID- 7345275 TI - [Cryotherapy in orthopedics and traumatology]. PMID- 7345276 TI - [Criteria for the further employment of persons with hearing damage in noise areas (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility of further employment of workers in noise areas must be judged by the specific criteria of "Principle No. 20" of the Professional Associations. However, in many cases of already existing hearing damage it is possible to avoid a change of working place for the time being and to rate "No objection on health reasons under certain conditions". In cases of noise-induced, already existing hearing loss, a change of working place is generally not necessary if the worker uses ear protectors. There should also be no general objection in cases of pure disturbance of sound conduction. In combined hearing losses and pure labyrinthine deafness not created by noise, it must be supposed as a general rule that the worker is not fit for further working in noise areas. However, in special cases carefully analysed as to anamnesis and development, even a worker with such types of hearing loss might under special precautions be retained in the noise area. PMID- 7345277 TI - [A method for prediction of permanent threshold shift (PTS) (author's transl)]. AB - A new test for noise resistance was performed in persons at the time they started on a job with a high noise level; three years later, the initial test results were compared with the chronic damage caused to their hearing by the noise to which they had been expose. In other words, the test results were correlated with the PTS which had since been acquired. The significance was found to be 5%, proving that this professional disease can be predicted. The test is based on an effect in TTS (Temporary Threshold Shift) experiments which had been overlooked so far: Exposure to a tone of low frequency caused a second TTS in the PTS frequency range. This "dip" in the audiogram is always at the same position, independent of the exposure. The amplitude of this second "dip" does not correlate with that of the well-known large frequency-dependent first "dip", which had so far been used by many authors for prognosis. The knowledge of this fact cannot have any bearing on public health until existing legislation has been modified. At present, a small percentage only of workers employed in a job involving noise are transferred; after due modification of the law involving a meaningful prognostic examination prior to their being accepted for a job, the extent of PTS in the population will depend on the number of candidates accepted for professions involving noise in relation to the total number of persons required. PMID- 7345278 TI - [Change of the peak level and frequency of impulse sound between free field and meatal cavity in its significance for acoustic trauma (author's transl)]. AB - In case of an impulse noise, the peak level in the auditory meatus is increased by about 5-10 dB. At the same time, the spectrum of the noise is shifted towards the higher frequencies. This is essential for assessing the damage risk criteria of the impulse noise and the evaluation of the efficacy of the noise protectors. The resonance of the meatal cavity should be taken into consideration to explain the loss of hearing in the range of high tones caused by high-energy impulse noise. PMID- 7345279 TI - [First experiences with a new method of intra-arterial chemotherapy in tumours of the head and neck (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the use of a new catheter in intraarterial infusion therapy of head and neck tumours. A balloon catheter is inserted into the external carotid artery so that the catheter tip is positioned at the juncture of the artery which provides the blood supply in the tumourous area. Through temporary blockage of the balloon, selective perfusion of the tumour artery with cytostatic drugs is possible. In 10 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity this catheter was used, and the possibilities of this method of selective perfusion explored in contrast to the conventional procedure practised so far. PMID- 7345280 TI - [Drain for maintaining patency of an intranasal Antrostomy (author's transl)]. AB - We developed a plastic drain for maintaining patency of an intranasal antrostomy. The drain can be easily inserted through the nasoantrostomy by means of a curved blunt hemostat. Repeated irrigation of the maxillary sinus is possible through, a wide canal, and the appropriate solutions are instilled. The drain can be removed after two months without any problems. PMID- 7345281 TI - [Obliteration of the mastoid air cell system with porous tricalcium phosphate ceramic. An animal experiment of the bulla tympanica of the pig (author's transl)]. AB - The paper reports on an animal experiment on the obliteration of mastoid cavities with tricalcium phosphate ceramic. The pneumatic air cell system of the bulla tympanica of pigs of 11-12 weeks of age was totally removed in one group of animals and partially removed in the second group. In this second group, apical part of the bulla was left intact. The operation cavity was then obliterated with adjacent layers of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramic. Histological sections wee evaluated for both groups of animals after survival time of 1, 3 and 6 months. Initially, an ingrowth of granulated tissue between the ceramic layers and into the porous surface can be observed. This dissolves the ceramic material, which is substituted by bony tissue. Pneumatic cells in the apical part of the bulla, which were left intact in the second group of animals, do not obliterate after the air supply has been cut off by sealing the basal part. Cystic cavities remain which contain a serous exudate. After 6 months, the mucous membrane of such cells shows signs of "sclerosis". Formation of spongy bony tissue with marrow spaces can be seen in most of the apical areas of the growing bulla. There is no formation of air-containing cells. It appears from our preliminary results obtained from animal experiments that porous tricalcium phosphate ceramic may be a suitable material for the obliteration of mastoid cavities. PMID- 7345282 TI - [Indications for silastic and gelation film in tympanoplasty. Analysis of 624 cases using EDP (author's transl)]. AB - Statistical analysis shows that the regular use of silastic sheet in all cases of extensive defects of the middle-ear mucosa (ensuring a mucosa-lined space) or advanced inflammatory changes (draining the cavity and tube) can eliminate negative influences of pathological conditions of the middle-ear on the long-term functional results, provided the sheet is removed when the remaining air-bone gap within the main speech range exceeds 10 dB after the ear has healed. Resorbable gelatin film implants should be used in minor inflammatory changes, less extensive mucosal defects, and subtotal perforations of the drum. PMID- 7345283 TI - [Scarpa's ganglion with increasing age, in Meniere's disease and otosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - A quantitative study of primary vestibular neurons was performed in temporal bones of individuals at different ages. The mean numbers of counts decreased beginning in the age group between 50 and 60 years. Neuronal populations from cases with Meniere disease and otosclerosis were compared to the respective "normal" values. Endolymphatic hydrops could be excluded as the cause of degeneration of Scarpa's ganglion in Meniere' disease. In cases of otosclerosis reduced neuronal counts were found if lesions were large enough to include the cribrose areas. PMID- 7345284 TI - [Temporal bone histopathology in a case of trisomy 22-syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - This premature female infant died soon after birth. She had numerous gross anomalies and was found on cytogenic studies to have Trisomy 22. Polytomographic and histologic studies of the left ear revealed multiple anomalies including complete aural atresia, non-pneumatization of the middle ear with a vertical shelf of bone in the mid portion of the middle ear, absence of the stapes and oval window and bony closure of the round window niche. The cochlea is flat in shape and shows one and a half turns with incomplete formation of the modiolus. The intersaccular septum is rudimentary but the spiral ganglion is clearly seen in Rosenthal's canal through the one and a half turns. The organ of Corti is well developed and contains hair cells. The stria vascularis is present. The utricular and saccular maculae as well as all cristae are well developed and contain hair cells. The saccular wall is collapsed onto an atrophic appearing otolithic membrane. The utricle is dilated, the lateral semicircular canal appears short and the bony canal is wide. The flattened and shortened cochlea with deformities of the cochlear duct, and the large vestibule resembles Mondinis dysplasia. PMID- 7345285 TI - [A contribution to Tornwaldt's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The signs of Tornwaldt's disease, such as postnasal discharge, increase of mucous secretion, dysfunction of the eustachian tube, sometimes associated with middle ear infection, are now rarely seen in comparison to the 19th century. In this article, we report about a sign of Tornwaldt's disease which had not been described up to now: A troublesome expiratory whistle. The resection of the bursal wall eliminated this sign. The short-term whistle as the only sign of Tornwaldt's disease, without histological signs of inflammation, underlines Tornwaldt's idea that inflammation is a secondary reaction of nasopharyngeal cysts. PMID- 7345286 TI - [Experimental investigations of the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their clinical importance (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of the clinical evaluation of the ototoxicity of an aminoglycoside antibiotic are mentioned. The criteria for a correct performance of experimental ototoxicity tests and the applied methods concerning the functional ahd histological investigations are reported on. The results obtained by the experimental evaluation of the ototoxicity of the clinically important newer aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, dibekacin, and netilmicin) on the market are described my means of representative graphs. Possible sources of error by using the applied or other tests are discussed. An exact correlation of results obtained by neat experiments and the clinical data is found and by that also the necessity of experimental investigations as to the ototoxicity of new ototoxic drugs before their clinical trials. PMID- 7345287 TI - [Possibilities of reconstruction by de-epithelization (author's transl)]. AB - By definition de-epithelization is a technique by which a graft or a flap is thinned out of the split thickness or full thickness skin layer. The underlying fat tissue is thus covered more or less by corium only. The indications for this procedure are as follows: 1. A subcutaneous defect. 2. Resurfacing defects in a cavity (for example in the pharynx) 3. Subcutaneous implantation of a flap pedicle. The advantages of de-epithelization are: 1. Widening the scope of surgical technique. 2. In many cases second surgery can be avoided. 3. The way from the donor to the recipient site is shorter. 4. A large regional flap can be used not only for reconstruction of the superficial defect but also for subcutaneous filling of a hole. Possible complications are disturbances in the nutrition of the flap and formation of subcutaneous cysts and fistulas which may lead to infections. It is obvious that careful assessment of the indication and precise technique performance are mandatory. Out of 221 flap procedures done in our department since February 1979 we used the de-epithelization technique in 7 cases (3.2%). PMID- 7345288 TI - [Contribution to the pathogenesis of carcinoma after laryngeal epithelial dysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1967 and 1980 laryngeal leukoplakia was clinically diagnosed in 86 patients. Histology revealed a true invasive carcinoma in 18 patients. Epithelial dysplasia grade I was found in 32 patients, grade II in 25 and grade III (carcinoma in situ) in 9 patients. 8 patients (14%) with dysplasia grade I and II subsequently developed carcinoma in situ or true invasive carcinoma. The average time lapse between first biopsy and histologically verified carcinogenesis was 5.1 years. No correlations was found to the histological grading. PMID- 7345289 TI - [Ultrastructural basal lamina alterations at the tumor-stroma junction in invasive laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The tumor-stroma junction of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was examined by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural alterations of the basal lamina and associated hemidesmosomes were observed. The basal lamina was very thin, discontinuous or absent from extensive areas of the junction. Some basal malignant keratinocytes exhibited deep dermal invaginations or multiple irregularly shaped infoldings of the plasma membrane which were studded with hemidesmosomes and were covered by a basal lamina. Other structural changes were the occurrence of a basal lamina on lateral cell surfaces in the intercellular space between adjacent malignant keratinocytes. These results are discussed in connection with the possible barrier function of the basal lamina during tumor invasion of the underlying stroma. The observations indicate that disruption of the basal lamina should not be regarded as an ultrastructural criterion for tumor invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7345290 TI - [Morphologic changes in pachydermias of the larynx treated with an aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) (author's transl)]. AB - After treatment of pachydermias of the larynx with aromatic retinoid (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland), an increased number of large vacuoles interpreted as cytolysosomes in cells predominantly of the stratum basale and spinosum is found. In the superficial cell layers an enhanced number of necrotic cells can be detected. It is assumed that retinoids lead to a cell damage and a stimulation of the lysosomal system. PMID- 7345291 TI - [Functional results after reconstructive laryngectomy (author's transl)]. AB - 18 reconstructive laryngectomies were performed from 1970 to 1978. 5 patients were operated according to the method of Arslan/Serafini; 7 patients according to the technique of Staffieri and 6 patients according to the method Lange-Beck. The functional results were evaluated by means of polyphysiography (Holm), stroboscopy, gastrografin swallow and by a detained questionnaire. Functional results were best after the Arslan/Serafini technique. 60% were able to swallow without discomfort, the other patients with only minor problems. Vocal intelligibility was best with this method. The results after the Lang-Beck technique were inferior. 50% were able to swallow without discomfort. Major problems with deglutition were encountered in 30%. Vocal intelligibility was poor. The worst results were seen after the Staffieri technique. The results indicate that reconstructive laryngectomy is by no means a standard procedure. The indication for one of the techniques has to be scrutinized carefully. PMID- 7345292 TI - [The influence of the partial laryngectomy on the mechanism of deglutition (author's transl)]. AB - Partial laryngectomy causes functional insufficiency on deglutition. 56 patients who had undergone partial laryngectomy were found to suffer from food aspiration into the respiratory tract during deglutition. Aspiration of food was mainly caused by: Narrowing of the inlet of the hypopharynx, due to edema in the region of the arytenoids; insufficiency of one of the two pyriform fossae; inadequate closure of the glottis. Eight out of 56 patients are suffering from aspiration of food, particularly of liquids. The age does not have any particular influence. Post-operative radiation therapy resulted to insufficiency because of persistent edema created in the region of the arytenoids. PMID- 7345293 TI - [Possible viral etiology of inner ear diseases (author's transl)]. AB - After a short review of the possible viral etiology of inner ear diseases viral titers of 20 patients with inner ear problems are given. In the history of nearly all patients a viral infection was found. Inspite of some positive results in the titrations no significance was seen. Therefore we refute a relation between viral infection and inner ear troubles; for a practical point of view virological diagnostics is not indicated. PMID- 7345294 TI - [Analysis of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (author's transl)]. AB - Many inner ear diseases are accomplished with fluctuating hearing loss. Fluctuating hearing loss is a symptom which possibly can be caused by biophysical, biochemical, toxic, bioelectrical and immunological changes in the cochlea. An analysis of the different forms of this diseases could open up new aspects of pathogenesis and therapy. PMID- 7345295 TI - [Polaroid photography of the tympanic membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345296 TI - [The role of zoster oticus as a paraneoplastic syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The relation between malignant neoplasms and zoster oticus as a paraneoplastic syndrome is discussed based on a bibliographic review and catamnestic evaluations of own patients. 19 patients who had suffered from zoster oticus were included in a follow-up study covering a period up to 13 years after the affection. The symptoms of zoster oticus as described in the literature are reviewed and compared with the findings in our patients. Although there were no indications of neoplasms in our patients a general check-up is recommended in all cases of zoster oticus in accordance with the rules established in internal medicine and dermatology. PMID- 7345297 TI - [Operations of nasal concha in special consideration of the submucous turbinectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of anatomy and physiology of the nasal turbinates is emphasized, specially the importance of an intact surface epithelium. The surgical principle of submucous resection of the turbinal bone is demonstrated and various modifications represented. An attempt of pre- and postoperative rhinomanometric evaluation is done. PMID- 7345298 TI - [How efficient is the endoscopy of nose and maxillary antrum in daily practice? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345299 TI - [A practical method to differentiate the sensations of hearing and feeling (auditory and vibration threshold) in the low-frequency range (author's transl)]. AB - An uncomplicated method to differentiate between an auditory and a vibration threshold. It is a well-known problem that it is very difficult or almost impossible to distinguish in a deaf person between the genuine auditory threshold, especially the bone conduction threshold, and a vibration threshold in the range of low frequencies up to 1000 cps. The studies conducted by the authors show that a frequency-modulated tone is extremely suitable for this purpose, because it is very easy to recognize a 5-6% frequency modulated tone of 5 dB (SL) by hearing, whereas it is almost impossible to detect it by feeling. The observations by Fastl (1978) regarding the large inter-individual variation of the frequency modulation threshold does not limit the study conducted by the authors, because the degree of modulation used is far above the threshold. It is not possible to use an amplitude-modulated tone for differentiation between the auditory and the vibration thresholds. PMID- 7345300 TI - [Speechaudiometry and amnestic aphasy (author's transl)]. AB - We were able to diagnose out of 146 adult aphasics 31 patients with amnestic aphasy of differential degree. The routine employed speechaudiometrical tests (monaurale discrimination) by amnestic aphasy allow several statements. It could be ascertained significant deficits in the valuation of discrimination. It is possible to become speech audiometrical references about severity of the amnestic aphasy. Speechaudiometry permits to control additionally the development of amnestic aphasy as well as to document therapeutic measurements. It could be imagined that the surpass of memory by amnestic aphasy be prevented especially form ultrashort and short time memory into long time memory. PMID- 7345301 TI - [The versatile surgical possibilities to treat an established facial paralysis (author's transl)]. AB - The time interval between the onset of the paralysis and the beginning of treatment based on the diagnostic preoperative data determines the course of treatment. The author describes the versatile surgical possibilities which comprise muscle flaps, nerve grafts, hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomoses or a combination of these techniques. PMID- 7345302 TI - [Postoperative epitympanic retraction in cases of cholesteatomas (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with epitympanic cholesteatomas, where the intact canal technique was performed, were observed over 5 resp. 6 years following surgery. While in 27 out of 55 patients a new epitympanic retraction of the tympanic membrane was found, only in 4 cases in these pockets a cholesteatoma developed. This, including the residual cholesteatoma, represents the most important postoperative complication. In tube pressure equalization test we found in 43% of the patients tested an almost normal tube function; in the other patients the tube function is impaired to a varying extent. According to our test results postoperative retraction pockets develop independent of tube function. Even in normal tube function, inserted grommets or perforations of the tympanic membrane - where a sufficient aeration of the middle ear is secured - retraction pockets of varying dimensions may develop. Factors which support the formation of postoperative epitympanic retraction pockets and the part of the tube function are discussed. PMID- 7345303 TI - [For prevention of complications, especially postoperative bleeding, in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Hemorrhages after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are the most frequent lethal complications except of the mortality due to incidents of anaesthesia. A precise clinical, personal and family history regarding bleeding disorders must be taken. We preoperatively perform laboratory tests on each patient (Platelet count, PTT, Quick, Thrombintest, Fibrinogen, Bleeding Time) to detect possible bleeding disorders. Furthermore, we ask for previous medications, such as analgetics, sedatives and antiarthritics. A careful surgical technique for removal of tonsils and adenoids and meticulous hemostasis reduce the danger of postoperative bleeding. An exact control after the operation helps prevent serious complications. PMID- 7345304 TI - [Individually manufactured plastic canulas for laryngectomized patients (author's transl)]. AB - Individual synthetic material tracheal canulae for laryngectomized patients. The usual standard tracheal canulae leads in laryngectomized patients because of too strong curvature to lesions of the front side not rarely, which cause tracheal stenoses. Therefore individual short synthetic material tracheal canulae are recommended. The have stood the test since 1959. Supposition is the co-operation of laryngologist and prothesist. PMID- 7345305 TI - [Experiences of Voice Rehabilitation after total laryngectomy with the method of Staffieri. Comparing postoperative examinations within a period of two years (author's transl)]. AB - The plastic-reconstructive method of voice rehabilitation described by Staffieri was controlled at 19 of 21 operated patients by regular check-ups within a period of nine months up to two years. The fistula of one patient had to be closed again. Three patients did not fulfill the expectations of talking again, but all three of them succeeded in learning the voice from the oesophagus. 15 patients- one of them had to be operated again--were able to speak with a well functional voice within eight months after the operation. Two of the three non talking patients were cured in a secondary way. The post-operative radio-therapy did not show any influence on nine talking patients. Only one of the talking patients noticed a slight, bothering aspiration whereas a group of five talking patients did not feel disturbed by a rare aspiration when drinking. There was not any aspiration when eating soft and solid food. In practising the operation method described by Staffieri dependent on strict indication considering to the tumour extension and the cooperation of the patients according to their age, we achieved a satisfactory success in our own operated cases. PMID- 7345306 TI - [Enlarged supraglottic laryngectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant tumour of the upper hypopharynx is the most often the continuation of the supraglottic cancer of the larynx or it develops from the beginning between the lingual site of the epiglottis and the base of the tongue. The enlarged supraglottic laryngectomy has the best results. The large defect between the partial resected base of the tongue and the border of the resected laryngeal cartilage was covered by the fascia of the sternohyoid muscle. From 22 cases operated from 1979 on this way one local relapse was found. PMID- 7345308 TI - [Microembolisms in the capsula interna following decompression accident during diving. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a diving accident during the decompression phase. In the course of the clinical examination the computer tomogram of the brain showed microembulus in the capsula interna. The electronystagmogram of the pendular rotating test indicated irritation of the vestibular centres. PMID- 7345307 TI - [Functional results following laryngectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Vocal rehabilitation and deglutition post laryngectomy were evaluated. 71% of 62 patients had an intelligeable voice, 31% in this group using an electronic device (Servox). Minor problems in deglutition occurred in 35.5%. The functional results suggest definite role for classic laryngectomy even from the aspect of rehabilitation. PMID- 7345309 TI - [Roentgenology of the median nasal fistulas (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of fistula of the nose results from the history and inspection of the patient. The radiologist main function is to rule out other diagnoses and to obtain information about location and extension of the fistula-system. This can be obtained by contrast-filling of the fistula-system in a non-infectious interval over thin-catheters or canulas. The Water's view shows whether the fistula reaches of the nasal-septum nor the cribriform-plate. Other diagnoses which have to be excluded are meningoencephalocoeles, mukocoeles and neoplastic diseases. These can be ruled out by tomography of the visceralcranium and the base of the skull. PMID- 7345310 TI - [Primary manifestation of lymphogranulomatosis in the soft tissue of the orbita (author's transl)]. AB - In the paper presented here a rare of a lymphogranulomatosis in the soft tissue of the orbita is described. The Hodgkin's disease was preceded by a granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the right frontal sinus which was considered to be related to malignant midline reticulosis. A relation between both the diseases is suggested. PMID- 7345311 TI - [Echography in rhinogenic orbital complications (author's transl)]. AB - Echography in 1273 patients with suspicious orbital tumor revealed in 5.4% a rhinogenic disease causing proptosis. Muco- and pyoceles, hemorrhages of the orbit following paranasal trauma, orbital inflammation in sinusitis and rhinogenic tumors invading the orbit could be detected echographically by specific criteria. Because of its simple, reproducable and riskless appliance, echography of the orbit and paranasal region is a screening-method in the differential diagnosis of proptosis. PMID- 7345312 TI - [X-ray tomography in fractures of the temporal bone and injuries of the ossicula (author's transl)]. AB - Since a high percentage of cross-fractures of the temporal bone cannot be verified in standard projections, tomography is indicated under clinical aspects. With this technique even small fractures concerning the meatus acusticus internus, the labyrinth, and the proximal part of the canalis facialis can be diagnosed. Experimental data concerning longitudinal fractures with facial palsy show the course of the fracture but not the exact point of the lesion. Additional information will be given to verify luxations or displacement of the ossicula. PMID- 7345313 TI - [Animal-experimental examinations on spontaneous regeneration of rhino-basic fractures and dura fistulas (author's transl)]. AB - Small injuries of the dura of the rhino-basis often do not show unambiguous symptoms. Liquorrhoe may be absent or only be present for a short time. There are different conceptions of treatment: active surgical and conservative conceptions. It was proved by animal experiments that small gaps of the dura may close spontaneously by cicatrisation. The experimental results justify a conservative treatment in special cases. PMID- 7345314 TI - [A practical application of brainstem evoked response audiometry (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief review of Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) for clinical diagnosis of middle and inner ear hearing losses (Fig. 2, 3) and retrocochlear damages a new practical application is presented: Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Tympanoplasty. Recordings of acoustically evoked brainstem potentials have been made in middle ear surgery in order to get direct objective information about the mobility of the stapes (Fig. 4) and the sound conducting mechanism of the middle ear after tympanoplasty (Fig. 5). Because of the damping factor of the middle ear after tympanoplastic reconstruction quantitative evaluation of sound transmission to the internal ear. Via brainstem potentials evoked by loudspeakers or probe tubes is difficult. Therefore, a special mechanical vibrating system for direct stimulation of the middle ear apparatus at various locations will have to be developed. PMID- 7345315 TI - [Air conduction or bone conduction hearing aids? Comments on hearing aids for sound conduction deafness (author's transl)]. AB - Measuring curves and psycho-acoustical measurements are used for an investigation of the extent to which the bone-conduction hearing aid is equivalent to the air conduction hearing aid. It can be shown that basically there is no objection against the use of a bone-conduction hearing aid (ear-level aid) for patients suffering only from sound-conduction hearing defects. The air-conduction hearing aid significantly superior in those cases where the requirements to be met by the hearing aid with respect to the frequency range (music) are higher. If the sound conduction disorder is accompanied by a sound paralgia, this means that the essentially reduced dynamic range of the bone-conduction hearing aid significantly restricts the possible applications of the bone-conduction hearing aid. PMID- 7345316 TI - [The effect of rarefaction and condensation tone pips on early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) (author's transl)]. AB - Tone pips of suprathreshold intensity were used to elicit 7 potentials in the nanovolt range. The acoustic nerve response (I) and 4 brainstem potentials (II-V) were studied in 8 normal listeners in regard to varying acoustic polarity (rarefaction vs condensation). Rarefaction and condensation stimuli produced different responses. In the alternating mode, which helps to suppress stimulus related artifacts, waves may be generated solely as a function of the averaging process if the responses of the two types of tone pips are almost out of phase. Rarefaction tone pips exhibited a better synchronizing effect on auditory unites in the periphery and in brainstem areas. The different responses evoked by stimuli of different polarity must be recognized and controlled in neurologic application of the test. PMID- 7345317 TI - [Intelligence tests in patients suffering from chronic rhinopathy (author's transl)]. AB - In 100 patients referred to the allergy clinic of the First Otolaryngological University Hospital of Vienna because of chronic rhinopathy an exact allergy diagnosis was carried out, comprising anamneses, skin tests and laboratory tests (Rast, Prist). The test results have yielded two or three diagnosis groups: patients with rhinitis vasomotorica nonallergica, rhinitis vasomotorica allergica, and pollinosis. In addition, in all patients an intelligence test by means of WIP (a short form of HAWIE) was carried out. The IQ of all patients tested is, on the average, significantly above the average of the normal population, the variation in all three groups being significantly below the average of the normal population. The reason for the low degree of variation is that patients with low IQ values were missing. Earlier tests carried out by this clinic (allergy-screening test in 3500 school pupils) had shown that the percentage of allergy patients among pupils with low IQs (special schools) and other children (secondary-schools) cannot be assumed to be of a varying degree. This fact demonstrates that although allergy patients with below-average intellectual ability do exist, they obviously do not consult the respective special clinics. This paper tries to explain this phenomenon and suggests that the socially lower strata be increasingly informed about the problem of allergy. PMID- 7345318 TI - [The importance of nasal provocation and rhinomanometry (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnostic investigation of allergic rhinitis requires nasal provocation. Subjective signs of such an allergy are secretion, irritation (itching and sneezing), and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Mainly the latter can be determined objectively, by measuring the change in nasal airway resistance using rhinomanometry. We shall discuss the current method which is especially suitable for determining nasal allergies in children. The results of 69 allergic and 22 healthy subjects investigated with the oscillation method will be presented. PMID- 7345319 TI - [Scalene node biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of our own experience the importance and usefulness of the scalene node-biopsy for the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases will be reported. If there is no positive histological result in the obtained lymph nodes during surgery, one can continue with the mediastinoscopy (Carlens) without aggravating Daniels biopsy. The scalene-node biopsy is a short surgical procedure, that can easily be done in local anaesthesia. A positive lymph node makes mediastinoscopy or a following thoracotomy unnecessary. Especially in sarcoidosis, systemic diseases (malignant lymphomas) and silicosis biopsy yields good results. PMID- 7345320 TI - [Diastolic hypertension in randomly selected population samples in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345321 TI - [Snake bites in the Split area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345322 TI - [An evaluation of the oral administration of essential amino acids to patients treated by lasting dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345323 TI - [Oncological work in the clinic--yesterday and today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345324 TI - [Medical workers against war (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345325 TI - [Medical terminology (20)]. PMID- 7345326 TI - [A study of the composition of kidney stones in the primosten and Rogoznica municipalities and in the nearby villages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345327 TI - [Reconstruction of the vena cava inferior in experiments on dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345328 TI - [Glaucoma detection in ferroalloy factory workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345329 TI - [Functional therapy of the syndrome of painful dysfunction of the jaw joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345330 TI - [Acute, massive urate crystal deposition into the subcutaneous tissues of patients with gout (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345331 TI - [Angiography in kidney injury exploration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345332 TI - [Thoracic radiology in the diagnosis of asymptomatic neoplasms of the urinary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345333 TI - [Plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7345334 TI - [Clastogenic action of an anthraquinone compound on human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7345335 TI - [Infectious tricuspid endocarditis. Clinical and echocardiographic study]. PMID- 7345336 TI - [Jaundice, chloramphenicol and bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7345337 TI - [25th anniversary (1956-1981) of the Mariano Castex Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires]. PMID- 7345338 TI - [Plasmapheresis in chronic idiopathic neutropenia with immune complexes]. PMID- 7345339 TI - [Lymphoid subpopulations in immunodeficiencies. Case reports]. PMID- 7345340 TI - [Cellular immunity in carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7345341 TI - [Relationship between receptors for mouse erythrocytes and membrane immunoglobulins in normal and leukemic human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7345342 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in preleukemic states]. PMID- 7345343 TI - [Tumor growth: sarcoma E100]. PMID- 7345344 TI - Comparative leukemia: of mice and men. PMID- 7345345 TI - [Biophysical and biological properties of a retrovirus inductor of a murine leukemia]. PMID- 7345346 TI - [Usefulness of bone marrow biopsy in the clinical classification of lymphomas]. PMID- 7345347 TI - [Congenital factor VII deficiency. Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 7345348 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications in anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 7345349 TI - [Patient and family attitudes in hemophilia and leukemia]. PMID- 7345350 TI - Evaluation of two combination chemotherapies in previously untreated non Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7345351 TI - Evaluation of non-surgical staging procedures in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7345353 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of a case of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 7345352 TI - [Humoral and morphologic study of the liver in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 7345354 TI - Erythroblasts can generate immunosuppression in vivo. PMID- 7345355 TI - [Cytochemistry of the binding of dyes and fluorochromes with DNA and chromatin]. PMID- 7345356 TI - Efficient elimination of lipid-soluble toxic substances by silicone oil hemodialysis. PMID- 7345357 TI - The effect of essential amino acid supplementation therapy on prognosis of patients with chronic renal failure estimated on the basis of the Markov process. PMID- 7345358 TI - Retrospective evaluation of the management of stomach rupture in newborn infants. PMID- 7345359 TI - The significance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in terminal multiple organ failure. PMID- 7345360 TI - [Conservative and surgical therapy of primary varicosities]. PMID- 7345361 TI - [Medical aspects of emergency disaster planning]. PMID- 7345362 TI - [Myoglobinuria in malabsorption after small bowel resection]. AB - A patient with subtotal small bowel resection after mesenterial vein thrombosis presented with muscular weakness and pain. An increase in the activities of enzymes of muscular origin and of myoglobin in serum was found and myoglobinuria was detected. Muscle damage in this patient is attributed to electrolyte disturbances following extensive small bowel resection. PMID- 7345363 TI - [Treatment of mastopathy: the last possible risk]. AB - 52 patients with mastopathia were treated with Mastodynon. The drug was given twice daily in a dose of 30 drops over a period of at least three cycles. 24 out of 52 patients had no more pain at all; in 15 patients pain was decreased to a minimum. Mastodynon showed side effects in only four cases where gastric incompatibility was found. Therapy with Mastodynon is an effective alternative to surgical or hormone treatment. PMID- 7345364 TI - Diagnosis of intracranial malformations by Doppler sonography. PMID- 7345365 TI - [EEG changes associated with cranial tumours, bone defects and cranioplasties (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen patients with skull defects after neurosurgical operations underwent electroencephalographic investigations. Six patients in whom skull tumours had been removed did not show any postoperative changes, when compared with the pre operative EEG. Twelve patients in whom bone defects had been closed with alloplastic materials showed no changes in the basic frequency, and no focus or signs of general slowing. In three cases only, the amplitudes were decreased in the postoperative EEG follow-up. For routine clinical practice one may conclude that in the region of bone defects higher amplitudes can be seen and, in addition, brain pulsations may present as a biological artefact. Non-space occupying lesions of the skull and alloplastic materials do not, as a rule, produce any EEG disturbances. PMID- 7345366 TI - Spinal surgery for spasticity (46 cases). AB - The authors report their experiences in the surgical treatment of spastic syndromes by operations on the spinal cord and nerve roots. In the authors' neurosurgical department 20 lumbar myelotomies, 19 posterior selective lumbar rhizotomies, 2 complete posterior lumbar rhizotomies, 4 anterior lumbar rhizotomies and five posterior cervical rhizotomies were performed. Clinical results can be considered good on the whole. There was no mortality and no major complication in the entire series. The effect of selective posterior lumbar rhizotomy on the evolution of cerebropathic spastic paraparesis was particularly impressive. Six of 46 patients experienced a late recurrence of spasticity, but they all had good results after a further operation. The particular criteria for selection of each surgical procedure are discussed and related to the aetiology and clinical picture of the spastic syndrome. PMID- 7345367 TI - [Biphasic extradural haematomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345368 TI - Paralysis of the ulnar nerve at the wrist associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the ulnar artery. PMID- 7345369 TI - [Cervical osteoplastic laminectomy for an intramedullary astrocytoma in an eight year-old child (author's transl)]. AB - In view of the hazards of extensive laminectomy in children, an osteoplastic laminectomy was used in an eight-year-old child suffering from an intramedullary astrocytoma extending from C4 to C7. The laminae were first of all divided bilaterally about 2 mm medial to their origin, with a fine spherical cutter. After dividing the ligamenta flava and the interspinous ligaments the dorsal wall of the spinal canal from C4 to C7 was removed en bloc. The dura was opened and the spinal cord split in the midline after which the microsurgical excision of a spindle-shaped cystic astrocytoma was carried out. After closing the dura drill holes were made bilaterally in the stumps of the pedicles and in the ends of the resected laminae. The entire piece, consisting of laminae and ligaments was replaced and fixed to the stumps of the pedicles with four pairs of wire sutures. Included in the sutures was a small block of bone measuring 2 x 3 x 5 mm, which replaced the bone lost in the saw-cuts and thus prevented any narrowing of the spinal canal. The ligaments were sutured and the wound closed in layers, with drainage. Immobilization in a Minerva plaster for three months. PMID- 7345370 TI - Bilateral bone erosion of the cervical vertebrae caused by tortuosity of the vertebral arteries. PMID- 7345371 TI - [Free radicals derived from oxygen in nephrology]. PMID- 7345372 TI - [Renal lesions after irradiation and chemotherapy with adriamycin, vincristin and 5-fluoro-uracil (author's transl)]. AB - After hysterectomy and bilateral annexectomy for bilateral ovarian carcinoma, a 34 years old woman was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy associating adriamycin, vincristin and 5-fluoro-uracil. After this treatment, proteinuria and progressive renal failure developed. Renal biopsy showed prominent glomerular lesions with mesangiolysis and some necrotic arteriolar lesions. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 7345373 TI - [Spontaneous fracture in a hemodialyzed woman probably associated with the oral intake of aluminium gel (author's transl)]. AB - A hemodialyzed woman with radiologically and histologically proven osteomalacia presents a spontaneous fracture that is associated with aluminium intoxication. The hyperalbuminemia (16,6 mumol/1) was not caused by the aluminium contained in the dialysate fluid but by oral ingestion of aluminium gel in a patient presenting hyperabsorption of this metal. Increased absorption could be demonstrated by oral administration of aluminium hydroxide (2 x 12 g A1 (OH)3 spread over 48 hrs) whereas the same test failed to reveal hyperabsorption in two other hemodialyzed patients. The precise mechanism of increased absorption of aluminium is not known. It is concluded that increased digestive absorption of aluminium should be investigated in patients with kidney failure treated with aluminium gel and presenting high blood levels of this metal. PMID- 7345374 TI - [Immunological effects of corticosteroids in man (author's transl)]. AB - Corticosteroids are efficient in many kidney diseases but their use is commonly empirical. Their anti-inflammatory effects are often difficult to dissociate from their immunological effects. These consist in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation without greatly affecting their cytotoxicity and antibody synthesis. Corticosteroids induce lymphopenia and influence the distribution of lymphocytes subpopulations. This leads to prevention of cells homing in target organ and markedly affects immunoregulation. This latter action may explain the beneficial effects of corticosteroids in diseases with profound disturbances in immunity. PMID- 7345375 TI - [Compared metabolic effects of phosphorus or hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypercalciuric stone-formers (author's transl)]. AB - The hypocalciuric effect of phosphorus or hydrochlorothiazide therapy was evaluated in 26 hypercalciuric stone-formers after 2 to 4 months and 8 to 12 months treatment. After 2 to 4 months, a significant decrease of the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio was noted only in a group of 7 patients receiving phosphorus supplementation (1500 mg/day). The decrease was transient however, since in 5 of these patients, the calcium to creatinine ratio was found to be at pretreatment levels when the patients were reinvestigated after 8 to 12 months on phosphorus. In contrast, in 8 patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) during 8 to 12 months, this ratio was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than before treatment. A group of patients maintained on high water intake alone for 8 to 12 months served as a control and no modification in calcium excretion was observed. This study indicates that long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide is more efficient in lowering urinary calcium excretion than phosphorus therapy. PMID- 7345376 TI - [Brain tumor in children--with special consideration on the relationship of treatment to survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345377 TI - [Operative approaches to the Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysm (anatomical and technical note) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345378 TI - [Fundamental problems and improved methods in the measurement of specific gravity of cerebral tissues. (author's transl)]. AB - Gravimetric determination of brain tissue water content through the measurement of specific gravity (SG) still poses some basic problems. We have studied some of them with the aid of a new gradient column. Using a specially designed conical cylinder to distribute the solution in a graded manner, and a floating apparatus, a gradient column was automatically prepared with a high linearity (r greater than 0.99990). Analysis of equilibration time-course curves of cat brain tissue fragments with various sizes showed that it was more accurate to use volumes as large as 50 mg, and to measure as early as one minute after tissue insertion. In normal brain, SG of grey matter was usually higher than that of white matter. In contrast, in a brain with oligemia or with low hemoglobin contents of blood, this relationship was reversed. Thus, SG can be influenced not only by water content, but also by other factors. As SG of blood is higher than that of brain tissue, cerebral blood volume (CBV) is of particular interest. Assuming the total brain volume as equal to 1, CBV and volume of brain proper excluding intravascular blood can be expressed as x and 1-x respectively. In a given brain tissue, SG of blood or perfusate a, and SG of whole brain tissue A can be measured. If SG of brain proper is expressed as y, the following equation can be introduced: ax + y(1-x)=A. If a and A are obtained from two different brains under the condition of constant CBV, x, 1-x and y can be calculated. For this purpose, values from normal brain and those from perfused brain with isotonic saline were applied. The calculated CBV was 7% in the grey and 3% in the white. SG of brain proper was as low as 0.002 in the grey and 0.001 in the white as compared to that of whole brain tissue. When these values are applied to the equation of percent change in tissue volume as water = (SG of control tissue-1)-(SG of experimental tissue 1)/(SG of experimental tissue-1) x 100%, the false positive increase of water in a completely ischemic brain without edema is approximately 4% in the grey and 2% in the white. Then, care should be taken in the assessment of water increase from SG, particularly in the early stage of ischemic edema. PMID- 7345379 TI - [Treatment of craniopharyngioma estimated by follow-up CT (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up CT scans were taken from 12 cases of craniopharyngiomas after various treatment. Preoperative CT findings of craniopharyngiomas could be classified into three types. Type 1 was a non-enhanced or a thinly ring-like enhanced large cystic mass. Type 2 was a thickly enhanced large cystic mass with small solid mass. Type 3 was a large solid mass. Postoperative follow-up CT findings were as follows: Type 1 had a favorable postoperative course because the tumor tissues of the thin cystic wall seemed to collapse only with the procedure of cystic fluid aspiration. Recurrence frequently took place in patients of Type 2 and 3 if the tumor couldn't be radically removed or radiotherapy was not given after partial resection. Radiotherapy was most effective in these cases. PMID- 7345380 TI - [Angiographic vasospasm and regional cerebral blood flow in the cases of ruptured aneurysm --Correlation between vasospasm in the middle cerebral artery and delayed ischemic hemiparesis (author's transl)]. AB - It is well known that the vasospasm following rupture of aneurysm causes ischemic neurological symptoms. However, there are a few literatures which refer to the relationship between the severity of angiographic vasospasm and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and ischemic neurological symptoms. To elucidate this problem, 41 patients with ruptured aneurysm were analysed by means of repeated cerebral angiography and rCBF study, and the following results were obtained. 1. Mean rCBF was reduced to its lowest level in the second week of hemorrhage and at this stage, the values of mean rCBF were well correlated with the severity of the angiographic vasospasm and with the development of delayed ischemic neurological symptoms. 2. The morphological feature of the angiographic vasospasm was a smooth narrowing of the vessels, and the delayed ischemic hemiparesis occurred when both M-1 and M-2 portions of the middle cerebral artery are narrowed more than half comparing the calibers as seen within 3 days of hemorrhage. 3. The average of mean rCBF in 15 patients with symptomatic spasm was 27.0 +/- 5.5 ml/100 g/min. and that in 11 patients with asymptomatic spasm was 40.8 +/- 8.8 ml/100 g/min. As a conclusion, the prognosis of the patients with angiographic vasospasm may be predicted through the value of rCBF and the severity of angiographic vasospasm in the second week of hemorrhage. PMID- 7345381 TI - [A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Kepes) (author's transl)]. AB - A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, the first case in Japan, is reported. This is a 25-year-old woman with a history of convulsive seizures which were initiated on her left arm 13 years prior to admission, On admission, physical and neurological examinations revealed no abnormalities. CT-scan disclosed a large well-defined low density area in the right fronto-temporal region. A small peripheral portion of the low density area was enhanced by contrast media. The high density area located immediately beneath the inner table of the skull. Right carotid angiogram showed a large avascular area corresponding to the cystic lesion. At the operation, there was a mural nodule in the frontal cortex involving the leptomeninges. The tumor was relatively soft and was milky-white in color. Under this tumor was a large cyst containing xanthochromic fluid. The mural nodule was totally removed and the cyst was widely opened. Postoperative course was uneventful and she received a radiation therapy (5500 rads). She was discharged without any neurological deficits. Histologically, the tumor was highly cellular. The tumor cells were markedly pleomorphic showing bizarre giant cells and multinucleated cells. However, tumor necroses and mitotic figures were absent. With immunoperoxidase method and PTAH stain, these tumor cells were confirmed to be astrocytic. In some areas, tumor cells were surrounded by reticulin fibers. Many tumor vessels presented marked hyalinous degeneration. By electron microscopy, many tumor cells contained lipid droplets. This case was considered to be pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Kepes). Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma was designated by Kepes et al in 1979 as a new tumor entity. They described clinical and pathological characteristics of this tumor as follows. The age of the patients were young and the tumors were frequently cystic. The tumors were superficially located in the brain and involved the leptomeninges. Despite marked nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures of the tumor cells or necroses were rare. In contrast to their pleomorphic cytology, the biological behavior of this tumor appeared to be favorable. The authors stressed the clinical and pathological significance of this tumor. Because, this is the tumor with malignant appearance in light microscopy, but with favorable prognosis. PMID- 7345382 TI - [A case of arterio-venous malformation associated with agenesis of unilateral internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - A case of arterio-venous malformation (AVM) at the right parietal area in association with agenesis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) is described. A 27-year-old male complained of severe headache and vomiting on September 27th in 1980. He lost his consciousness and became stuporous within several minutes after the ictus. He was then transferred to Kurume University Hospital. On admission, he was semicomatose, anisocoria and left hemiparesis marked in the lower limbs, and bilateral Babinski reflex were noted. A emergency CT scan revealed a round high density area suggesting intracerebral hematoma at the right parieto-occipital area. Right retrograde brachial angiography was then performed which showed a small AVM at the right parietal lobe mainly fed by the right posterior parietal arterial branch, and drained into the superior sagittal sinus, via the subcortial veins. Left MCA bilateral PCA and SCA also were demonstrated on the angiogram. The angiogram suggested on abnormality of the Willis ring. Emergency operation fro the small AVM associated with intracerebral hematoma was then performed. The AVM was sufficiently removed and approximately 80 gr. of intracerebral clots were also evacuated completely. Histological examination indicated a typical small AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful. Left CAG performed by seldinger method from the femoral artery after the operation showed no demonstration of the left ICA. the left common carotid artery was terminated as the external carotid artery without carotid bifurcation at the neck. The left ophthalmic artery was fed by the meningeal artery of the internal maxillary artery. Left vertebrobasilar system was normal. From an angiogram, the agenesis of the left ICA was most suspected. An agenesis of ICA was uncommon among the literature in which there was no case with this anomaly associated with cerebral AVM. The embryological consideration about this case was mainly discussed. PMID- 7345383 TI - [Primary cerebral neuroblastoma--case report (author's transl)]. AB - Primary cerebral neuroblastoma is rare. The case reported here was a 2-year-old girl who was comatose on admission to the Mito National Hospital. She had experienced headache and vomiting during the last two months. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema, left oculomotor palsy and bilateral Babinski's sign. A-P view of the left carotid angiogram showed square shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the right, and the lateral view showed upward and anterior displacement of the middle cerebral artery. CT revealed large mass lesion in the left parieto-temporal lobe, which was slightly enhanced on the contrast study. Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed on the day of admission. On the 15th postoperative day, she was started on radiation therapy to the brain and received 1900 rads. Vincristin and ACNU were administrated with radiation therapy. She improved progressively five weeks after the operation and CT demonstrated marked shrinkage of the tumor. However, signs of increased intracranial pressure were reappeared and she died six months after the operation. Autopsy showed well defined soft and grayish white tumor in the occipito-temporal lobe, which extended to the left thalamus and basal ganglia. No other tumor was present extracranially. Microscopic examination demonstrated Homer-Wright rosette and zonal filament. Pathological diagnosis was neuroblastoma. PMID- 7345384 TI - Schistosoma Weinland, 1858 from Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 in the Kruger National Park. AB - Adults of Schistosoma edwardiense Thurston, 1964, were recovered from Hippopotamus amphibius in the Kruger National Park. Small round to oval Schistosoma margrebowiei-like eggs, presumed to be those of S. edwardiense, were found fairly frequently in the faeces of infected hippopotami together with a few Schistosoma haematobium-like eggs the identity of which remains uncertain. Biomphalaria sp., exposed to the droppings of infected hippopotami, shed cercariae thought to be those of S. edwardiense. No evidence of schistosoma adults was found at necropsy in rodents exposed to these cercariae. The parasite appears to be host specific to the hippopotamus. Arguments, based on biological and anatomical characteristics are put forward regarding Schistosoma hippopotami Thurston, 1963 as synonymous with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7345385 TI - The haematology and histology of the haemopoietic organs of South African freshwater fish. III. The leucocytes, plasma cells and macrophages of Clarias gariepinus and Sarotherodon mossambicus. AB - The various leucocytes, plasma cells and macrophages are described and illustrated. Eosinophils and basophils are lacking in Clarias gariepinus but present in Sarotherodon mossambicus. The leucocytes of C. gariepinus resemble those found in mammals, as do the plasma cells and macrophages of both species. A possible mechanism for their formation is postulated. PMID- 7345386 TI - The haemocytology and histology of the haemopoietic organs of South African freshwater fish. IV. Ultrastructure of some cells of Clarias gariepinus and Sarotherodon mossambicus. AB - This paper describes the ultrastructure of several cells found in the blood and haemopoietic tissues of the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the Mozambique bream (Sarotherodon mossambicus). The cells are haemocytoblasts, small lymphoid haemoblasts, thrombocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, developing and mature neutrophilic granulocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The various organelles normally found in mammalian haemocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were observed in those of fish. With the exception of the mature erythrocytes, which resemble the normoblasts of mammals, the various cells show distinct similarities to those of other fish species as well as of mammals. PMID- 7345387 TI - The development of Parafilaria bovicola in Musca xanthomelas and Musca lusoria. AB - Artificially infected adult flies were used in this study. In both Musca species, P. bovicola developed in the fat-body cells, mainly of the abdomen. Escape from the midgut and penetration of the fat-body cell was possibly achieved by use of the cephalic hook of the microfilaria. At 27 degrees C, development to the 3rd larval stage took 9 days, but maximum length was only reached after 11 days. Sharp increases in larval length took place on Days 6-7 and on Day 9. These sudden increase possibly indicate moults to the 2nd and 3rd larval stages respectively. During larval development the fat-body cell increased markedly in size to from a thin-walled capsule around the larva. On reaching the 3rd stage, larvae escaped from the capsules and migrated to the head cavity and proboscis. PMID- 7345388 TI - Studies on a bovine Babesia transmitted by Hyalomma marginatum rufipes Koch, 1844. AB - A Babesia sp. was recently observed in Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and found to be transmissible to bovines. Further observations were carried out on this parasite and a study made of the morphology of stages in both erythrocytes and tick haemolymph. Apart from Babesia divergens, intra-erythrocytic parasites were not readily distinguishable from bovine Babesia spp. Merozoites in tick haemolymph morphologically resembled those of Babesia bigemina, but they were significantly larger. This Babesia sp. proved to be highly infective for adult H. m. rufipes, with transmission taking place transovarially and next generation nymphae and adults transmitting the infection. Features of the infection were its very low pathogenicity, even in splenectomized animals, and the tendency of parasitized erythrocytes to accumulate in capillaries. Serologically, this species could be differentiated from babesia bigemina, B. divergens, B. bovis and B. major. A serological survey of 25 farms showed a wide distribution of this species in south Africa and its high rate of transmission on most properties. It was concluded that this is a true but hitherto undescribed bovine Babesia sp. and the name Babesia occultans n. sp. is proposed. PMID- 7345389 TI - The retention of Babesia bigemina infection by Boophilus decoloratus exposed to imidocarb dipropionate during engorgement. AB - Babesia bigemina was retained in the vector Boophilus decoloratus for a complete generation despite the use of the babesicide, imidocarp dipropionate, to prevent reinfection. This drug did not sterilize ticks of the B. bigemina infection as has been suggested for B. bovis. PMID- 7345390 TI - Studies on Haemonchus contortus. IV. The effect of Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia circumcincta on challenge with H. contortus. AB - Worm-free Merino yearlings were dosed with either a mixture of infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia circumcincta or with O. circumcincta only, and challenged 90-93 days later with infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Neither of these methods protected sheep against challenged and slight protection was afforded sheep predosed with T. axei and O. circumcincta and challenged with a trickle dose of H. contortus. PMID- 7345391 TI - Studies on Haemonchus contortus. V. Chemoprophylaxis and its effect on worm egg counts and the haematocrit. AB - A group of 12 10-month-old, worm-free Merino lambs were given a single injection of disophenol at 10 mg/kg. This group and another group of 12 worm-free lambs were infested with infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus 1-3 times a week with a maximum dose of 4000/week from 0-91 days. From 95-168 days the dose was increased to a maximum of 6000/week. Every 7 days faeces were examined for worm eggs and blood samples for haematocrit (Ht). Worm egg counts in the controls rose from 21-56 days, fluctuated, and rose to another peak at 84 days, while the Ht fell from 28 days to rise again after 105 days. In the group treated with disophenol egg counts were negative until 161 days and Ht remained at normal values throughout. PMID- 7345392 TI - First report of annual ryegrass toxicity in the Republic of South Africa. AB - The occurrence of annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) in sheep and cattle is reported for the first time in South Africa. To date it has been diagnosed conclusively in South African Mutton Merino sheep on a farm in the Caledon district and in cattle on 3 farms, 2 of which are situated in the Bredasdorp district and 1 in the Ceres district. It is a neurological disease characterized by symptoms of tremor, ataxia, intermittent epileptiform seizures, nystagmus, opisthotonus, abortions and high mortality. The history, clinical signs and experimental reproduction of the disease as well as the pathology of 4 experimental and 10 natural cases in sheep and 2 in cattle are described. PMID- 7345393 TI - Non-specific esterase isoenzymes of adult schistosomes from the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). AB - Extracts of adult schistosomes collected from Hippopotamus amphibius in the Kruger National Park gave alpha naphthyl acetate isoenzyme patterns after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that did not correspond with those of either Schistosoma mansoni or S. rodhaini. PMID- 7345394 TI - The relationship between the minimal and the 50% haemolytic dose in complement titrations. AB - The 50% spectrophotometric complement titration end-point (C'H50) was found to be more reproducible than the 100% end-point. The relationship of the 100% end-point (MHD) to the (C'H50) was 1:2, 5. The use of thrombin tubes induced clotting within 2 min and enabled the process of complement preparation to be completed well within 1 hour. PMID- 7345395 TI - Koln haemoglobinopathy in Italy. PMID- 7345396 TI - Can the full denture improve verbal articulation? PMID- 7345397 TI - Pentagastrin does not affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man. PMID- 7345398 TI - Periodic disease of twenty-five years' duration in an Italian subject. Efficacy of long-term colchicine prophylaxis. PMID- 7345399 TI - Effect of insight-oriented group psychotherapeutic processes on client self actualization. PMID- 7345400 TI - [Finding of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in marine sediment at the mouth of the Tiber]. PMID- 7345401 TI - [Intestinal parasites in the Prato area]. PMID- 7345402 TI - [Human hydatidosis in the province of Sassari: epidemiological survey of the 1975 80 period]. PMID- 7345403 TI - [Epidemiology of parotid infection in Modena and its relation to the state of pregnancy]. PMID- 7345404 TI - [Blood levels of lead in policemen from the city of Rome]. PMID- 7345405 TI - [Proposal for the modifications of a rapid method for the diagnosis of Salmonella infections using 0-1 phage]. PMID- 7345406 TI - [Value of the sputum as diagnostic material in inflammatory conditions of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7345407 TI - [Prognosis in the 1st year following acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7345408 TI - [The take of a protein graft at the site of a ureteral injury in dogs. Morphological and clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7345409 TI - [Summary of experiences with the nicotinic acid and low-calorie tests in Gilbert's syndrome]. PMID- 7345410 TI - [Superior mesenteric artery embolism as compared to the short intestine syndrome]. PMID- 7345411 TI - [Activity of the adrenergic system in children with emotional-autonomic disorders]. PMID- 7345412 TI - [Hypoxemia during sleep]. PMID- 7345413 TI - [A study of the performance of oxygen concentrators (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345414 TI - [Efficacy of oxygen therapy with the oxygen concentrator during physical exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345415 TI - [Oxygen in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345416 TI - [The response of the oxygen partial pressures to the administration of oxygen before, during and after exercise in patients with respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345417 TI - [Administration of pure oxygen to patients with pulmonary fibrosis; ventilatory and haemodynamic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345419 TI - [Dynamics of cavity closure mechanisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345418 TI - [Oxygen therapy in combination with physical therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345420 TI - [A simple method of measuring the time-bases in spirometers, especially in simple ones measuring only forced expiratory spirograms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345421 TI - [Lung function tests in obstruction of the upper and lower airways (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345422 TI - [Modifications of the ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345423 TI - [Hyperventilation test in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345424 TI - [Bronchospasmolytics]. PMID- 7345425 TI - [Inhalation provocation tests in cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and bronchial obstruction due to exposure to hay dust, bird antigens and humidifier water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345426 TI - [Bronchial asthma as a symptom of fatal aspergillosis of the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345427 TI - [Bronchoscopic removal of a lipoma from the middle lobe bronchus with full restitution of function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345428 TI - [Intrathoracic goitre (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345429 TI - [Regional mucociliary clearance in patients with small-airways disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345430 TI - [The influence of therapeutical and biological parameters on the appearance of side effects and complaints during intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345431 TI - [Computer tomography as a supplement to X-ray examination of the mediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345432 TI - [The effect of ambroxol on mucociliary clearance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345433 TI - [Respiratory allergy caused by aspergillus species in the soil of potted plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345434 TI - [Pulmonary function tests in toddlers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345435 TI - [Fluid lung caused by abuse of barbiturates and substances resembling barbiturates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345436 TI - [Isolation of mycobacterium szulgai in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345437 TI - [The role of surgery in the field of pneumonology--reflected in the example of Grosshansdorf Hospital]. PMID- 7345438 TI - [Acute exogenous allergic alveolitis--6 cases after loading mouldy barley]. PMID- 7345439 TI - [Pathology and clinical features of surgically treated bronchopulmonary sarcomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345440 TI - Chimeric toxins. PMID- 7345441 TI - Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the IUPS Commission on Gravitational Physiology. 29 September -2 October 1981, Innsbruck, Austria. PMID- 7345442 TI - Teratogenic potential of Cannabis sativa in albino rats. PMID- 7345443 TI - Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory actions of nimbidin. PMID- 7345444 TI - Isolation of amentoflavone from Selaginella rupestris and its pharmacological activity on central nervous system, smooth muscles and isolated frog heart preparations. PMID- 7345446 TI - [Prognosis of rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345445 TI - [Seasonal changes of specific IgE antibody and asthmatic attacks in patients hypersensitive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345447 TI - [Distribution of ventilation in pulmonary fibroses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345448 TI - [Cytology of sputum of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345449 TI - [Side effects of glucocorticoid therapy in asthmatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345450 TI - [Acute pneumonia in the elderly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345451 TI - [Pulmonary mycobacterial infections due to M. Kansasii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345452 TI - [Analysis of correlation of working environment and pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345453 TI - [Histopathological analysis of various biopsies in patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345454 TI - [Unselective mass X-ray examination and its influence on the incidence of pulmonary diseases in out-patient department (author' transl)]. PMID- 7345455 TI - [Psychiatric ambulatory care. Abstracts]. PMID- 7345456 TI - [Psychiatric examination. Abstracts]. PMID- 7345457 TI - [Ethics and psychiatric therapy. Abstracts]. PMID- 7345458 TI - [Social rehabilitation and welfare Abstracts]. PMID- 7345459 TI - [Biorhythm. Abstracts]. PMID- 7345460 TI - [Adolescence. Abstracts]. PMID- 7345461 TI - [Kurt Schneider's concept of cyclothymic mania in the light of a research oriented catatonic syndrome]. AB - Catatonic motor signs were specifically sought out in the case records of 89 episodes of Schneider-oriented mania. Only some so-called "minor" catatonic motor phenomena were found and "major" catatonic motor disturbances, recently reported to frequently occur in some American samples of mania, were completely absent. Indeed, the only motor abnormalities seen in Schneider-oriented mania appeared to be of a kind and degree typically associated with Kraepelins "hypomania". These findings are then primarily discussed in historical perspective and their relationships to some important modern research trends also highlighted. PMID- 7345462 TI - [Case contribution on juvenile gasoline inhalation]. PMID- 7345463 TI - [Rhythmic correlations between regional intracranial blood volume and intracranial pressure within minutes during continuous simultaneous recording in infants]. AB - In infants with severe neurologic illnesses, rhythms found during continuous simultaneous recording of the rICBV and the ICP and their correlation with each other were described and supported by representations of the original curves. There were relations of the rICBV with the cardiac and respiratory rhythmus, with the so-called C- and B-waves, and clinical modes of behaviour. By using different electronic "frequency windows" and different recording speeds, a variety of relations with the clinical behaviour could be established. As a rule, several rhythms occurred at the same time. Problems and possibilities of the use of rhythmic processes for clinical diagnosis were discussed. PMID- 7345464 TI - [Vitamin B12 deficiency syndrome and vitamin C avitaminosis in psychotic malnutrition]. PMID- 7345465 TI - Behavioral medicine, biofeedback, and behavioral approaches in psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7345466 TI - Behavioral medicine: toward a comprehensive psychosomatic approach. AB - Behavioral medicine is the practice of a comprehensive approach to the patient. It integrates the biological, personal, and environmental-social dimensions in evaluation and treatment. An operational method of implementing this practice is the Patient Evaluation Grid (PEG), in which three dimensions of the patient (biological, personal, environmental) are intersected by three time contexts (current, recent, background) to form a nine-square grid. An examination of information contained in the PEG and their interaction results in a three dimensional diagnosis and a three-dimensional management plan. The psychiatrist is the only professional with formal training in all the areas of the PEG to interpret, integrate, and prioritize the information that leads to diagnoses and treatment plans. In this role of the psychiatrist as integrator/co-ordinator of evaluation and treatment, he/she must collaborate with other professionals to provide the best available care for the patient. PMID- 7345467 TI - Psychological measures and feedback during psychotherapy. PMID- 7345468 TI - Biofeedback and behavioral approaches to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7345469 TI - Behavioral approaches to Raynaud's disease. PMID- 7345470 TI - Biofeedback and behavioral approaches in Japan. AB - A number of studies and case histories involving the use of biofeedback and behavioral approaches throughout Japan have been selected from Japanese journals and summarized. Areas of biofeedback research covered are experimental, clinical and psychological/educational. The behavioral approaches mentioned have been limited to those currently being used in Japan in conjunction with various biofeedback modalities. A brief explanation of a new biofeedback-monitored multi modal psychosomatic therapy approach developed in Japan, termed cybernation therapy, is also presented along with current Japanese thought on the use of biofeedback in psychotherapy. PMID- 7345471 TI - Clinical evaluations--who needs them? PMID- 7345472 TI - A protocol for exposure limitation in radiography. PMID- 7345473 TI - Three geometric models for gapping adjacent radiation fields. PMID- 7345474 TI - Porta-Clamp--an aid in portable radiography. PMID- 7345475 TI - Employing the success vector in geriatric radiology. PMID- 7345476 TI - The influence of host factors on drug response. VII. Renal diseases. PMID- 7345477 TI - [Kidneys in pregnancy. Round table conference organized by the Katowice section of the Polish Internal Medicine Association and the Katowice section of the Polish Gynecology and Obstetrics Association on 23 February 1981]. PMID- 7345478 TI - [The effect of six years lasting non pharmacological prevention of coronary heart disease on body weight in obese occupationally working men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345479 TI - [The effect of six years lasting primary non pharmacological prevention of coronary heart disease on hypercholesterolemia in occupationally working men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345480 TI - [The influence of the working environment on the morbidity of dockers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345481 TI - [Frequency of changes occurring in the health status of subjects with primary education restricting their career choice]. PMID- 7345482 TI - [Multiple foreign bodies in the urethra]. PMID- 7345484 TI - Observations on the dipteran fauna in a focus of dermal leishmaniasis in the State of Minas Gerais. I: The families collected and an evaluation of trapping methods. PMID- 7345483 TI - [Anatomo-radiological aspects of the arterial vascularization of the pelvis of Gallus gallus - Indian River Species]. PMID- 7345485 TI - [Identification and myelinization stage of some cervical spinal cord fibers of Gallus gallus domesticus]. PMID- 7345486 TI - [Effects of a cortical after-discharge on lateral geniculate neurones. Electrophysiological study in the chronic cat (author's transl)]. AB - (1) A chronic preparation is described in which it is possible to record juxtacellularly from identified thalamo-cortical relay (TCR) neurones in lateral geniculate body (LGB) of normally respiring, nonanaesthetized cats during natural sleep. (2) Cellular events were analyzed during and after focal electrical stimulation of homotopic visual cortex. (3) Projection of cortical epileptiform after-discharge (EAD) was strictly limited to functionally related areas of LGB. Of the 47 neurones tested only 30% were activated. (4) During the 2 sec, 50 c/sec tetanus the cortically evoked IPSPs in TCR cells were replaced by facilitation of cortico-thalamic transmission as demonstrated by the occurrence of a burst of action potentials (AP) following the antidromic AP. (5) During the ensuing EAD, high frequency AP discharges occurred in the cortico-thalamic axons during each cortical wave. This period was accompanied by prolonged (50-300 msec) low amplitude rhythmic depolarisations leading to temporary spike inactivation of TCR neurones. Comparable inactivating responses were recorded during paradoxical sleep. (6) Between paroxysmal bursts facilitation of synaptic transmission to the optic tract stimulation was observed. (7) Persistence of a positive collision test after a spontaneous AP indicates that AP are orthodromically propagated during the EAD. PMID- 7345487 TI - [Modification of frontal and occipital cortical excitability provoked by trains of flashes in Papio papio (author's transl)]. AB - The experimental conditions necessary for obtaining an evoked paroxysmal response from the frontal cortex were studied in the baboon Papio papio. The trigger stimulus was comprised of an isolated flash preceded by a train of intermittent light stimulation (SLI). Two conditions were necessary for the appearance of paroxysmal responses: a subconvulsant dose of DL-allylglycine had to be injected at least 3 h previous to recording, and a sufficient number of SLI trains had to be presented to the animal. The paroxysmal responses disappeared as soon as SLI trains were stopped. At the same time, modifications in the evoked occipital potential continue, although these do not become paroxysmal. These modifications appear either simultaneously with or previous to the paroxysmal frontal response. PMID- 7345488 TI - [Transcortical reflexes of proprioceptive origin and motor epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - The long-loop reflex involved in the triggering of paroxysmal activities by proprioceptive afferents is examined in monkeys with a chronic alumina focus and in cats with an acute penicillin focus. Electrical stimulation of a tibial nerve in monkeys as well as muscle stretch in cats elicit a cortical 'evoked spike', i.e., an evoked potential followed by an epileptic spike, accompanied by one or two motor bursts in the muscles concerned. With a very small acute focus, this transcortical reflex is shown to be quite topical: muscles in the vicinity are not affected. Relationships between evoked spike and myoclonic jerk are examined and it is shown that motor efferents usually follow the pyramidal tract. The concept of a transcortical reflex of proprioceptive origin is discussed on the basis of data collected from these models. PMID- 7345489 TI - [General considerations on the kindling effect. Possible extrapolation to man of data obtained by animal experimentation (author's transl)]. AB - The kindling effect is a model for experimental epilepsy which, in certain aspects, is close to the so-called 'temporal epilepsy' in man. The study of this phenomenon has been of interest for several years and it seemed useful to us, based on existing data, to examine and discuss the limits in which the kindling effect can occur in man. This effect becomes more difficult to obtain as the phylogenetic scale is ascended. Supported by several studies, the authors insist that kindling should not be considered merely as a model for tonico-clonic secondarily generalized seizures and therefore propose a less restrictive definition. The kindling effect seen as a progressive development of a new and permanent epileptogenic predisposition calls for the greatest caution regarding the impossibility of kindling in man. PMID- 7345490 TI - [Effect of DL-allyglycine on amygdala kindling in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of decreased cerebral GABA levels on the development of amygdaloid kindling in rats was investigated. DL-Allylglycine, an inhibitor of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), administered for 2 or 9 days (100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively) was found to accelerate the kindling process. The results are discussed according to a possible role of GABA mechanisms in the kindling phenomenon. PMID- 7345492 TI - [New data from a comparative study of cerebral blood volume and EEG during epileptic seizures in Papio papio (author's transl)]. AB - A new approach to the cerebral and extracerebral circulation phenomenon, during generalized seizure discharges (GSD) in the baboon is described. It is based upon the measurement of comparative variations of the regional blood volume (RBV) a new technique. First results demonstrate the existence of an extracerebral vascular structure of the face which is quite sensitive to the ictal phenomenon and which we have named the 'nasal region'. On the whole, when bursts of spike/waves occur the mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) increase moderately whereas the nasal blood volume (NBV) decreases. During the generalized seizure discharge, variations are much larger, increasing for MBP and CBV and decreasing for NBV. CBV variations do not passively follow those of MBP. PMID- 7345491 TI - [Mode of action of pentetrazole at the cellular level (author's transl)]. AB - The question of the origin of the paroxysmal depolarization shifts which can be recorded from neurones within an experimental epileptogenic focus is still controversial. In this paper, a special reference is made to data obtained in thin hippocampal slices in vitro during intra- and extracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal cell somas before and after pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) application onto the slice surface. It is shown that PTZ can decrease inhibitory potentials, increase membrane input resistance and increase action potential duration. Using calcium-selective microelectrodes, it is shown that PTZ can enhance the lowering of calcium ion concentration in extracellular space, which is normally induced by repetitive stimulations. These data, as well as those from others, support the hypothesis that paroxysmal depolarization shifts seen in hippocampus could result from the facilitation of a slow depolarizing calcium current through the cell membrane uncovered by a depression of repolarizing potassium current produced by the convulsants. The observed depression of inhibitory potential would further facilitate the development of long-lasting depolarizing potentials. PMID- 7345494 TI - [Convulsive seizures in the neonatal metabolic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Of 61 newborns with disorders in amino acid metabolism, 20 had seizures; 15 of them have been recorded. Clinically, seizures are mostly partial clonic jerks. There seems to be some homogeneity of EEG features in relation to causal amino acidopathy. In every case where seizures, either electroclinical or only infraclinical, occurred the evolution was very poor, even in those diseases that would have had a good prognosis. Therefore the EEG in the newborns is especially interesting, both as an aid to diagnosis by interictal recording and as a prognostic tool by registration of seizures. PMID- 7345493 TI - [Convulsions in neonates. Clinical, electrographic, etiopathogenic and prognostic aspects]. AB - 121 cases of neonatal convulsions, including 79 cases of status epilepticus and 42 cases of isolated convulsions are studied. The great number of premature infants (40/121 newborns born before a gestational age of 37 weeks) must be pointed out. The clinical symptoms and EEG activity occurring during the first 24 hours following the onset of convulsions are analysed. Their descriptions confirm previous ones. Comparison of the populations of preterm and term infants demonstrates that the pre- and post-ictal neurological states are equally severe in both groups and that there is no difference between groups in the more or less precocious onset of convulsions. The value of the interictal EEG already described in status epilepticus of terms infants as predicting a poor prognosis, is confirmed. In addition, the very poor prognosis of an abnormal EEG pattern of the premature newborn, i.e. an EEG lacking any pattern corresponding to any gestational age, is demonstrated. Such EEGs of very poor prognosis have been detected in 46 cases. They reveal the degree of severity of the cerebral lesions, EEG abnormalities and cerebral lesions varying with gestational age. This study confirms the relatively mild severity of isolated convulsions as compared to status epilepticus. It demonstrates the severity of convulsions in premature newborns and of the electrographical discharges without simultaneous clinical event. The prognostic value of the absence or presence of a sleep cycle as early as the 24 hours following the onset of convulsions must be noted. Most of the neonatal convulsions are secondary to birth hypoxia or asphyxia and to meningo encephalitis. In this study the small number of seizures due to metabolic factors is striking and contrasts with their great frequency in other series. The cause of the seizures is unknown in 12% of the cases; some of these cases of unknown origin correspond to the description of the 'convulsions of the 5th day'. The prognosis in full-term newborns has been improved greatly in recent years, probably due to improvement in obstetrical and neonatal intensive care. PMID- 7345495 TI - [Neonatal status epilepticus of unknown etiology (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-three neonates with status epilepticus of unidentified etiology were studied by EEG. 90% had favorable outcome. In the cases with unfavorable evolution the following criteria allowed an early poor prognosis: a very early onset of the seizures in the first or second day of life, the presence of tonic seizures and hypertony between seizures, duration of the seizures more than 4 days, EEG activity in the frequency of the alpha band during the seizures, a flat tracing after the seizures, very discontinuous activity between the seizures and, finally, the reappearance of seizures after a seizure-free interval. In the cases of favorable outcome, an EEG follow-up is necessary: in 10% of these cases focal spikes appeared after 2 years without seizures. The necessity of prolonged anti comital treatment is discussed. PMID- 7345496 TI - [What's new about the fifth day seizures syndrome? (author's transl)]. AB - This paper concerns 37 newborns who suffered clinical seizures from their 24th h till their 10th day of life, excluding post-anoxic seizures or convulsions leading to death. Continuous or repeated EEG recordings were performed for all babies: 25 infants had electro-clinical recorded seizures, 12 children did not have another convulsion after admission. This work allows us again to isolate a group of 18 newborns who presented the clinical and EEG features described as the 5th day seizures syndrome: term babies, appearance of first seizures between the 4th and 5th day, very frequent status epilepticus, almost constant inter-ictal 'sharp alternating theta' tracing, immediate spontaneously favourable evolution. A long-term follow-up was done on this group (18 children) and on the initially described group of 20 children: only 2 children had seizure recurrences, essentially febrile seizures, in spite of lack of long-lasting anticonvulsive therapy. PMID- 7345497 TI - [Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts (author's transl)]. AB - In a neonate who had seizures in the second day of life, the EEG showed - during waking and sleep alike - periodic bursts of asymmetrical high voltage on a low amplitude background tracing. From the third week head jerks occurred, followed by repetitive spasms and then adversive tonic seizures. A severe psychomotor retardation was noted. A CT examination demonstrated a right hemispheric hypertrophy. The pathological examination revealed astrocytic gliosis of the cortex associated with a decrease in the oxidative enzyme activity of neurons, and characterized electron microscopically, by the presence of spheroid bodies in the neuropile. This case was different from those published by Aicardi and Goutieres (encephalopathie myoclonique neo-natale) because there was no erratic myoclonus. It is more similar to the 'early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts' described by Ohtahara. This electro-clinical condition should be characterized as the earliest type of secondary generalized epilepsy. PMID- 7345498 TI - [Seizures in premature neonates and in full-term neonates (author's transl)]. AB - Normal EEG rhythms depend on conceptional age (CA), i.e., gestational age plus legal age. To assess whether pathological rhythms are also related to the level of maturation. EEG seizures have been compared in 26 premature neonates (PN) - 16 from 26 to 32 weeks of CA, 10 from 33 to 36 weeks of CA - and in 20 full-term neonates (FTN). The amplitude, the frequency, the polarity, the duration of paroxysmal discharges, the presence of variations in localization and the presence of clinical seizures are not related to CA. In FTN, the discharges during seizures, display a more complex pattern; the foci of spike discharges are more often on the rolandic area; spikes or delta waves are more often asynchronous than in PN. In PN less than 32 weeks of CA, seizures occur more often in females than in males. The prognosis of seizures is more severe in PN than in FTN. The prognosis is also more severe in FTN with brief discharges (less than 3 min) than in those with long-lasting discharges. The seizures are mainly related to extensive intraventricular haemorrhage in PN, to cortical lesions in FTN. PMID- 7345499 TI - [Other infant epilepsies beyond the West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical manifestations and the classification of the epilepsies of infants are briefly reviewed. 207 cases were classified status epilepticus (51 cases), brief partial seizures (57 cases), and brief generalized seizures (99 cases). Lesional factors, especially brain malformations, play a major role in the aetiology, but the importance of genetic factors is suggested by the presence of a positive family history of convulsive disorders in 25% of the cases. The mental and neurological prognosis is grave, as only 22% of the patients developed normally. The prognosis varies with the aetiology of the epilepsies and appears more favorable when familial antecedents of convulsive disorders are present. PMID- 7345500 TI - [Epileptic evolutive encephalopathies in infants (West tsyndromee and Lennox Gastaut syndrom) (author's transl)]. AB - Electroclinical aspects of the West syndrome are studied in their atypical forms: clinical and EEG characteristics, partial forms, Aicardi syndrome. Etiological investigations (especially CT scan) are necessary to distinguish the more frequent 'secondary forms' from the 'primary forms'. The etiological factors are: (i) Prenatal causes (hereditary affections, chromosome-related etiology, fetal etiology; (ii) Perinatal causes (prematurity, traumatic delivery); (iii) Postnatal causes (infectious diseases). The evolutive aspects and prognosis are different for 'primary' and 'secondary' forms. The time of commencement of the mode of therapy and its duration are important factors in relation to the prognosis of 'primary forms'. A pre-existing encephalopathy obviously leads to a very poor prognosis. A typical Lennox-Gastaut syndrome can be observed in infants. However, atypical forms are more frequent. These too have a poor prognosis because they are usually secondary to cerebral lesions. PMID- 7345501 TI - [EEG analysis and prognosis in 125 cases of non-hyperpyretic seizures occurring in children under three (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1955 and 1970 recordings were made from 125 children aged 1-36 months who had had a first epileptic seizure (non-hyperthermic). 100 of these children were followed up for from 5 to 20 years: 35 had had their first seizure before 1 year of age and 65 between the age of 1 and 3. Hypsarrythmia was more frequent under 1 year of age, whereas short diffuse spike and wave bursts were observed only after 1 year. However, localized spikes, asymmetrical or slow tracings as well as normal tracings were observed in both groups, without significant difference. A fatal outcome is more frequent when the first seizure took place before the age of 1 year. However, in our sample the intellectual development of the surviving children does not depend on the time of the first seizure. In any case the prognosis is unfavorable, since only 31 of the children followed up developed normally. PMID- 7345502 TI - [All-night polygraphic recordings in the child with suspected epileptic seizures, in spite of normal routine and post-sleep deprivation EEGs (author's transl)]. AB - Normal standard EEGs and normal or borderline EEGs after sleep deprivation in children with one or several suspected epileptic seizures are relatively frequent. All-night polygraphic recordings were performed on 31 children, aged 3 11, who fall into this category, in order to demonstrate epileptiform activity. Three of the recordings were normal, whereas 8 were borderline and 20 showed unequivocal epileptiform activity. The rate of sleep activation is discussed according to the types of epilepsies, the age at the first seizure, the frequency of the seizures, and the position of the seizures within the sleep-waking cycle. PMID- 7345503 TI - [Nosological limits of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Some results of a follow-up study concerning 103 observations of chronic and transitory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (SLG) are presented. The full-blown syndrome in the chronic SLG (mean duration 21 years and 2 months) is in 100% of the cases characterized by tonic seizures and 'complex absences', mental retardation and abnormal EEG with slow spike-waves and 10 c/sec recruiting bursts. Slow spike waves are not the most specific EEG pattern of SLG with chronic outcome. The statement is discussed. PMID- 7345504 TI - [Epilepsy beginning between 18 and 39 years of age (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency of primary generalized epilepsies is less than 20% of the epilepsies which begin between the ages of 18 and 39. Clinical seizures are rare, apart from myoclonus. A favourable outcome is observed in 70% of the patients. Seizures of frontal origin (absences and secondary generalized aversive seizures) are frequent in this group and difficult to control with anticonvulsant drugs, as are all other kinds of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization. Rarely, an epileptic state, most often of partial character, is the first ictal manifestation of epilepsy. Head trauma is the most frequent aetiology, followed by cerebral tumours and chronic alcoholic intoxication. The aetiology of epilepsy beginning in this class of ages remains unknown in nearly 50% of cases. The CT scan tends to reduce the frequency of cases of unknown origin. PMID- 7345505 TI - [Electrophysiological aspects of alcoholic epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Two types of neurophysiological investigations (standard EEG and polygraphic recording of sleep) were performed on a group of subjects suffering from 'alcoholic epilepsy'. Results were then compared with data from normal subjects and chronic alcoholics without epilepsy. Epileptic patterns on standard EEG are rare. They are increased by sleep. Both the alteration of basal activity in wakefulness and the organization of sleep point to a dysfunction of the CNS. The role of chronic alcoholic intoxication in epileptic seizures could be explained through the slowly decreasing biochemical cerebral action after withdrawal, rather than by a local or diffuse effect in the CNS level. PMID- 7345506 TI - [Epilepsies of the young adult (author's transl)]. AB - Data on 614 epileptic patients whose first seizure occurred between the ages of 19 and 29 were reviewed and some clinical and electroencephalographical features compared, in order to clear up the semiology and etiology of this type of late onset epilepsy. Partial epilepsies were more numerous than generalized epilepsies and post-traumatic epilepsies the more frequent. We could only study the evolution of 305 patients for 5 years or more: 60% were not stabilized but, probably, those who were free of seizures no longer consulted the physician. It seems difficult to compare our findings with other studies, the age periods in the latter being too broad (childhood epilepsy, late or very late onset epilepsy). PMID- 7345507 TI - [Seizures after the age of sixty (author's transl)]. AB - Three percent of epileptic patients have their first seizure after the age of 60. More than at other ages, the real nature of such fits is very difficult to assert. Most of the reversible attacks occurring at this age are not of grave nature, syncopes are much more frequent. Some semeiological aspects are discussed. Focal seizures are more frequent after the age of 60. Absence status may be the first epileptic symptom in some rare cases (almost all of them being women). 100 patients whose ages ranged from 60 to 83 years, were examined after their first seizure and aetiological problems were examined. The following topics are discussed:--The possible onset of a primary epilepsy, extremely rare at that age;--The incidence of neoplasms, not exceeding 10% for patients whose late onset epilepsy is still an isolated symptom, and who have not been selected from specialized neurological or neurosurgical hospital departments;--The role of vascular epilepsy; in a very few cases, but of great practical interest, the epilepsy may announce a cerebrovascular accident which will occur later. It is, however, difficult to specify the vascular origin of a certain number of temporary unexplained late onset epilepsies. Some other aetiological factors are taken into account: antecedents of trauma, alcoholism, and dementia. The authors agree that in 50% of the cases the aetiology is not obvious. In this group of unknown aetiology it seemed interesting to isolate the following electroclinical form;--Epilepsy grand mal, with apparently generalized seizures; no special pathological antecedents; the neuropsychological and neurological examinations are normal, showing no intellectual disorders; the EEG generally shows slight modifications: quick rhythms, some sharp waves; a global cerebral atrophy is seen by the scanner. Such patients have been called victims of 'secondary late-onset generalized epilepsy'. They form 16% of a series of 156 epileptic patients who were over 65 years old, and 21% of our own 100 patients. PMID- 7345508 TI - [An interesting diagnostic aspect: Association of trachoma and vernal conjunctivitis in the Republic of Djibouti]. PMID- 7345510 TI - [Prevention of blindness in central and southern Tunisia. Methodology--results]. PMID- 7345509 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to ocular herpes in France]. PMID- 7345511 TI - Chlamydia seeders in the community. PMID- 7345513 TI - [Trachoma in Greece]. PMID- 7345512 TI - Smouldering trachoma: new concepts. PMID- 7345514 TI - [Haik's method of conjunctival covering in the treatment of ulcerative keratopathies]. PMID- 7345515 TI - The role of immunity in determining trachoma syndromes. PMID- 7345516 TI - [Bietti's keratitis in the Republic of Djibouti]. PMID- 7345517 TI - [Vibrio parahaemolyticus: presence in marine and mixohaline environment in the province of Trujillo, Peru]. PMID- 7345518 TI - [Prevalence and characteristics of the use of some toxics among secondary school students in Santiago, Chile [author's transl]. PMID- 7345519 TI - [A study of patients who drop anti-hypertensive therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345520 TI - [Endoscopy in the operated stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345521 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Experience with 56 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345522 TI - [Two unusual cases of human infection with Taenia solium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345523 TI - [Pharmacokinetic aspects of phenytoin as an anticonvulsant]. PMID- 7345524 TI - [States of health and disease: a statistical model to discriminate between them (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345526 TI - [The incurable patient]. PMID- 7345525 TI - [Epidemiology of hospitalized abortion in Valdivia, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345527 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of the pneumonias]. PMID- 7345528 TI - [Gram-positive bacterial pneumonias]. PMID- 7345529 TI - [The patient, his emotions and his diseases]. PMID- 7345530 TI - [Tuberculous peritonitis. Study of 100 cases]. PMID- 7345531 TI - [Esophageal denervation determined by superselective vagotomy]. PMID- 7345532 TI - [Early division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its branch communicating with the superior laryngeal nerve in man; ethnic and anatomo-surgical study]. PMID- 7345533 TI - [Propedeutic and therapeutic considerations on leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7345534 TI - [Plasmapheresis without concomitant immunosuppression in myasthenia gravis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7345535 TI - [Comparative study of 2 technics for obtaining miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni from human feces]. PMID- 7345536 TI - [Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and passive hemagglutination as complementary methods in the study of meningococcal infections]. PMID- 7345537 TI - [Trial schistosomiasis control in an endemic area by 4 mass treatments of the population]. PMID- 7345538 TI - [Probable pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by non-capsulated cryptococcus neoformans]. PMID- 7345539 TI - [Statistical study of drug-dependence on opiates in military draftees]. PMID- 7345540 TI - [Therapeutic benefit of sports in the treatment of drug addicts]. PMID- 7345541 TI - [Drug addiction in the military milieu: causal and preventive factors, with special reference to education, training and qualification of military cadres]. PMID- 7345542 TI - [Conversation and the structured interview as technics in psychological research]. PMID- 7345543 TI - [Dynamic ECG monitoring of military pilots in flight]. PMID- 7345544 TI - [Traumatic neurological lesions in ejected pilots]. PMID- 7345545 TI - [Preparation of a new MMPI scale]. PMID- 7345546 TI - [A new occasion for cooperation between the specialist and practicing physician: medical selections for space enterprises (considerations on the Italian experiment concerning the Spacelab project]. PMID- 7345547 TI - [Sporadic mental confabulation in the aeronautic environment]. PMID- 7345548 TI - [Plea for a study of the spread of drug addiction in the military milieu in Italy: preliminary problems and a "testological" contribution to their solution]. PMID- 7345549 TI - [Striopallidodentate calcifications. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of calcification of Striopallidodentate System will be considered. The first refers to a 20-years-old patient and features two small bilateral and symmetrical calcifications in the medial segment of globus pallidum. The first symptom, observed from the age 5 years was, behaviour disorder and, some years later, dystonia. The second case refers to a 54-years-old patient and features huge bilateral and symmetrical calcifications above and below the tentorium. The first symptoms started at the age of 32 with paraesthesiae and muscular contractions of the upper limbs, later with convulsive seizures and tetany and eventually right hemiplegia with aphasia. Study of Ca and P metabolism showed normoparathyroidism in the first case and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in the second. PMID- 7345550 TI - [Barbexaclone in the treatment of the epilepsies (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic administration of barbiturates in the treatment of the epilepsies causes sedation. The association of C.N.S. stimulant agents appears to offer a possible advantage. 19 epileptic outpatients were followed up during an "open" trial of barbexaclone (L-1-cyclohexyl-2-methylaminopropan-phenyl-ethyl-barbiturate) over a period of about one year. The drug was effective in primary and secondarily generalized epilepsies, and to a lesser extent in partial complex seizures. The tolerability was good and a reduction of the side-effects due to previous treatment with phenobarbitone has been noticed. The mean dosage of barbexaclone was lower in patients who improved than in those who remained unchanged. PMID- 7345551 TI - [Clinical study of disorders of eye movements (voluntary and following) after acute vascular accidents involving the cerebral hemispheres (author's transl)]. AB - Voluntary eye movements and following movements have been assessed on a 3 point scale in 33 cerebrovascular patients, examined immediately after the stroke and in 52 patients examined 6-9 days after the stroke. The two types of movements were found to be impaired to the same extent in the majority of patients, especially those with severe neurological deficits. The "agreement index" between them, though high, was significantly inferior to 1. This suggests that voluntary and following movements are subserved by adjacent, but not identical neuronal structures. The available neuro-radiological evidence points to the parieto temporal cortex as the area critically involved in eye movement disorders. PMID- 7345552 TI - [Sacroradiculo graphic and myelographic investigations with iopamidol: study of 610 examinations (author's transl)]. AB - 610 sacrorodiculographic and myelographic examinations were carried out injecting at lumbar level Iopamidol at 200, 300 and 370 mg I/ml concentrations. Immediate and early complications have been noticed in 18,52% of cases, i.e. sensation of pain during contrast injection, headache, nausea, vomit, neck stiffness, photophobia, epilepsy. In sacrorodiculographic examinations, side effects especially occurred by using 370 mg I/ml concentrations; in lumbar and thoracic myelographies, incidence of complications did not statistically differ by uing 300 or 370 mg I/ml concentrations. Side effects have occurred most frequently in cervical myelographies carried out with 370 mg I/ml concentration. Analysis of complications as well as radiographic results suggest to use Iopamidol at 300 mg I/ml concentration in sacrorodiculographics, in lower thoracic myelographies and in studies of narrowed, stenosed or obstructed canals; Iopamidol at 370 mg I/ml concentration may be used in upper thoracic studies and cervical myelographies. PMID- 7345553 TI - [Measles encephalitis. Clinical, EEG, and psychometric aspects at follow up (author's transl)]. AB - A follow-up of 23 patients with measles encephalitis was carried out six months to ten years after the onset of the disease. Neurological and electroencephalographic features have been examined together with specific psychological tests. Clinical and electsroencephalographic abnormalities, frequently observed during the acute phase of the disease, were rarely detected during the follow-up. However intellectual performances with specific visuo spatial and attentional involvement are often impaired. Specific psychological tests are required to evaluate visuo-spatial and attention performances, frequently impaired as a consequence of the disease; these are often considered minor psychological disturbances as they are limited to scholastic performances. The Authors conclude that, although measles encephalitis is a fairly serious illness during its acute phase, it tends to improve with time until recovery is complete. The psychological residual deficits, detected during the follow-up, should not be considered as minor disturbances. PMID- 7345554 TI - Hemangioma calcificans. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7345555 TI - [Isaacs and Mertens syndrome: report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports a clinical case of Isaacs-Mertens syndrome (syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity, neuromyotonia, pseudomyotonia). A 55 years old man had increasing stiffness, painful spasms and myokymias of the peripheral muscle, associated with hyperhidrosis and absent tendon reflexes. Electromyography showed continuous electrical activity while at rest, general anaesthesia, after intravenous injection of diazepam and after peripheral nerve block. The activity disappeared after muscle infiltration of procaine and after intravenous injection of succinylcholine. After two years treatment with carbamazepine, 600 mg daily, the patient showed a normal clinical and neurophysiological picture. The etiology of the disease is unknown. The defect probably lies in the terminal motor network. A review of previous literature shows a typical uniformity of the electromyographic findings and of improvement on phenytoin and carbamazepine therapy, while there is a relative polymorphism of the clinical features. PMID- 7345556 TI - [Course of pregnancy in adolescents registered at the Prenatal Service of the Geraldo de Paula Souza Health Center, Sao Paulo]. PMID- 7345557 TI - [Viral meningitis in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, 1978]. PMID- 7345558 TI - [Consumption of a supplemented food by pregnant women and wet nurses in a Ribeirao Preto health unit, Brazil]. PMID- 7345560 TI - [Susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection of Biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila in the Federal District, Brazil]. PMID- 7345561 TI - [Epidemiological research and household interviews]. PMID- 7345559 TI - [Psychological rehabilitation of patients with sequelae of encephalitis caused by arbovirus]. PMID- 7345562 TI - [Preventive treatment of rabies in the human. Technical note]. PMID- 7345563 TI - Role of the popliteal lymph node in infection with Mycobacterium marinum of the hind footpad of the mouse, and source of the cells that characterize the process. AB - We examined the possibility that the popliteal lymph node serves as the source of the lymphocytes that, together with macrophages, characterize the lesion produced by infection with Mycobacterium marinum in the hind footpad of the mouse. Naive mice were partially protected against challenge with M. marinum in the hind footpad by intravenous infusion of lymphocytes harvested from the popliteal nodes of donor mice infected with M. marinum 7 days earlier. Lymphocytes harvested from the popliteal nodes of infected donors, labelled in vitro with 3H-uridine, and infused intravenously into naive mice that were immediately challenged in the hind footpads with M. marinum, localized in the popliteal nodes of the recipient mice but not in the footpad lesions. Lymphocytes harvested from the spleens of naive donors and labelled in vitro appeared to home to the popliteal node draining the M. marinum-infected footpad. Thus, the primary role of the popliteal lymph node appeared to be passive trapping of the lymphocytes brought to it by the circulation or afferent lymphatics. We then tried to locate the sources of both lymphocytes and macrophages that characterize the lesion. Temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta prevented labelling by intravenously infused 3H thymidine (3H-TdR) of the mononuclear cells of both footpad lesion and popliteal node. Temporary occlusion of the left common iliac artery during 3H-TdR infusion prevented immediate labelling on the ipsilateral side. After 24 and 48 h, however, small numbers of labelled lymphocytes were found in the left hind footpad lesion. Amputation of the right leg at the hip joint, but not right popliteal lymphadenectomy, performed immediately after re-establishment of patency of the left common iliac artery, prevented the late influx of labelled lymphocytes into the lesion of the left hind footpad. Thus, the chief source of both the lymphocytes and the macrophages of the footpad lesion appeared to be the lesion itself. PMID- 7345564 TI - Isolation and characterization of TR-c, an antigen of the Reiter treponeme precipitating with antibodies in syphilis. AB - TR-c is a Reiter treponemal antigen that cross-reacts with an antigen in Treponema pallidum (Nichols pathogenic strain). Sera from patients with secondary syphilis contain precipitating antibodies against TR-c. The isolation of TR-c from a crude bacterial sonicate involves five fractionation steps: anion exchange chromatography (DE-52 Whatman), gel filtration (Ac-A-22, Ultrogel), and affinity chromatography respectively on phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B, iminodiacetic acid Sepharose CL 4B, and lysine-Sepharose 4B. The purified TR-c was enriched 320 times compared with the starting material, and the recovery was 22%. TR-c was shown to be a protein, it did not bind to a series of lectins, and by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and mol. wt was determined to be in the range of 630,000-730,000. It was found by SDS-PAGE to be composed of identical subunits, each having a mol. wt of 48,000. The isolated TR c was immunochemically pure when tested in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against polyspecific anti-Reiter Ig. The purified TR-c antigen was used for production of a monospecific rabbit antiserum. Monospecific rabbit anti-TR-c gave strong fluorescence with both the Reiter treponeme and T. pallidum. PMID- 7345565 TI - The use of lysostaphin in in vitro assays of phagocyte function: adherence to and penetration into granulocytes. AB - The usefulness of lysostaphin for the removal of cell-adherent and extracellular bacteria in assays performed to measure the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes was investigated. The results showed that the adherence of lysostaphin to the granulocyte surface is effectuated by a temperature-independent process and that bound lysostaphin is still microbicidal. Lysostaphin also penetrates into the granulocytes by a temperature-dependent process and kills ingested S. aureus intracellularly. Therefore, despite reports to the contrary in the literature, lysostaphin is not a reliable agent for the removal of only extracellular S. aureus and should no longer be used in assays to determine the rate of intracellular killing by granulocytes. PMID- 7345566 TI - Gait control in hemiparesis. AB - Findings in gait analysis of patients with spastic hemiparesis are reviewed. The basis of recent analysis has been records of movement combined with EMG from several leg muscles. Though the interindividual variation in movement and muscle activation is large, the abnormal control of gait usually can be related to one of three types of disturbances. These are characterized by (1) exaggerated stretch responses disturbing an otherwise well preserved gait control, (2) abolishment or decrease of the centrally generated patterned muscle activation, or (3) abnormal coactivation of several muscle groups. By using a computer for collection and analysis of data, gait analysis can be used in clinical routine for guidance of therapy and training. PMID- 7345567 TI - Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow in acute stroke. AB - In a consecutive group of 56 stroke patients the regional cerebral blood flow was measured within 84 hours after stroke. A 254 multidetector scintillation camera and the intracarotid Xenon-133 injection method was used to study rCBF. Typical rCBF-patterns are described and compared to the findings on CT-scan. According to these studies focal brain areas exposed to ischemia appeared in 3 different forms; 1) As an ischemic area surrounded by a hyperemic borderzone, seen in areas with arterial occlusion and infarction on CT-scan. 2) As a pronounced hyperemic area without associated ischemia located in areas of infarction (seen on CT-scan) without arterial occlusion. This form is presumably due to arterial recanalization and reperfusion in an established infarct. 3) As a pronounced focal hyperemia also without ischemia, located in normal CT-areas without arterial occlusion. This form is probably due to recanalization of an occluded artery shortly after occlusion without development of infarction. PMID- 7345568 TI - Computed tomography and CSF spectrophotometry. Diagnosis and prognosis in 300 patients with cerebrovascular disease. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has been reported to show normal findings in 13-52% of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Among factors deciding the diagnostic accuracy are the size and location of the lesion, the time elapsed from onset to examination, the use of contrast enhancement and the type of CT scanner used. To further elucidate these aspects, we designed the present study including 300 consecutive patients, all investigated by CT with a 160 x 160 matrix and cerebrospinal fluid spectrophotometry (CSF-SPE). CT indicated a specific diagnosis in 52.7%. In the majority of the remaining cases, additional subclassification was possible by CSF-SPE, emphasizing the complementary information obtained by combined examinations. CT was also found to be a useful tool for reliable prognostic prediction, irrespective of the initial clinical course. PMID- 7345569 TI - Brain plasticity as a basis of the development of rehabilitation procedures for hemiplegia. PMID- 7345570 TI - Aphasia typology and lesion localization with computed axial tomography. PMID- 7345571 TI - Medical care programme of stroke. AB - A working group was established by the Finnish National Fund for Research and Development, the National Board of Health and Finnish Hospital League to write a handbook concerning the diagnoses, treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients. In TIA, the importance of the case history is emphasized. Angiographic evaluation is recommended only for those patients who might be suitable for surgical intervention, conservative treatment being indicated for most cases. The treatment of risk factors such as hypertension is strictly emphasized. In hemiplegic stroke, early rehabilitation is most important. Today no methods are available for limiting infarction once it starts or, to reverse it when it has occurred. However, much can be done for survivors by intensive rehabilitation. The same holds true for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Prognosis of stroke patients is more dependent on the enthusiasm and activity of the treating team than on radiological or laboratory facilities. PMID- 7345572 TI - Reduction of muscular hypertonus by long-term muscle stretch. AB - In 10 patients with spastic paraparesis, the effect of long-term stretch on hip adductor muscle tone was studied. Stretch was accomplished by using a mechanical leg-abductor device giving individually adjusted adductor muscle stretch in single or repeated 30 min periods. The effect on muscle tone was estimated from surface EMG activity and by range of voluntary and passive hip abduction. The passive movements were obtained by an individually adjusted constant pulling force. After a single session of stretch, range of voluntary hip abduction increased 3 to 16 degrees (average 85%). Range of passive movement increased 1 to 9 degrees (average 23%). After repeated stretch periods in a home program (4 patients), range of voluntary hip abduction increased 5 to 22 degrees (average 255%). Range of passive movements increased 6 to 12 degrees (average 48%). In all patients studied the co-activation of the antagonists in voluntary hip abduction was reduced after a stretch session. PMID- 7345573 TI - Clinical disorders and prognosis in operated thymoma. PMID- 7345574 TI - Induced hypertension chemotherapy of cancer patients by selective enhancement of drug delivery to tumor tissue with angiotensin II. PMID- 7345575 TI - Ethnicity and infant mortality in Texas counties. PMID- 7345576 TI - The Shirishana of the Yanomami: a demographic study. PMID- 7345577 TI - A standardized ratio for measuring the "suddenness" of events with applications to the four leading causes of violent death and to certain birth defects. PMID- 7345578 TI - Education and accuracy of age reporting among Yoruba females in Western Nigeria. PMID- 7345579 TI - Elaboration of the definition of genetic counseling into a model for counselee decision-making. PMID- 7345580 TI - [Experience with bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 7345581 TI - [The effect of ketamine anesthesia induction on plasma potassium and fasciculations after the use of succinylcholine]. PMID- 7345583 TI - ["Idiopathic" hypercalciuria]. PMID- 7345582 TI - [Incidence of intestinal parasites in school children in Pirota and the surrounding region from 1972 to 1976]. PMID- 7345584 TI - [Endangering public traffic after intoxication with alcohol and other substances]. PMID- 7345585 TI - [Basic laboratory indicators in embolism and acute arterial thrombosis]. PMID- 7345586 TI - [ACute crystalline and infectious arthritis]. PMID- 7345587 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever]. PMID- 7345588 TI - [Familial mediterranean fever in a brother and sister treated with colchicine]. PMID- 7345589 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7345590 TI - [The importance and usefulness of films in medicine]. PMID- 7345591 TI - [Errors in diagnosing a case of anthrax]. PMID- 7345592 TI - [Hepatitis B infection as an occupational risk in health personnel. A serologic and epidemiologic study in 311 persons]. PMID- 7345593 TI - [Modern concepts of etiopathogenesis of recurrent oral ulcers]. PMID- 7345594 TI - [The significance of examining macular sensitivity using Friedmann's static perimetry in diabetes with early angiopathy]. PMID- 7345595 TI - [Modern approach to diagnosing secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 7345596 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in individualizing therapy]. PMID- 7345597 TI - [Value of vidian nerve resection in vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 7345598 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of congenital stridor in infants]. PMID- 7345599 TI - [Hearing disorders and audiometry findings in children with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 7345600 TI - [Hospital infection from the medicolegal viewpoint]. PMID- 7345601 TI - [International medical terminology (V)]. PMID- 7345602 TI - [Hygienic and ecologic factors in pneumoconiosis in Serbia]. PMID- 7345603 TI - [Reaccumulation of colloids in the thyroid during chronic stimulation with thyrotropin]. PMID- 7345604 TI - [Evaluation of the diagnostic significance of non-specific stimulation of a lymphocyte culture with a polyclonal mitogen (phytohemagglutinin) in immunologic disorders]. PMID- 7345605 TI - [Hematologic changes caused by benzene toxicity]. PMID- 7345606 TI - [Generalized miliary tuberculosis during immunosuppressive therapy]. PMID- 7345607 TI - [The aged population in Serbia and health care of the elderly]. PMID- 7345608 TI - [The role of the general practitioner in oncologic care]. PMID- 7345609 TI - [Bilateral lengthening of the carotid arteries as an etiologic factor in cerebral infarct]. PMID- 7345610 TI - [The newborn infant with a single umbilical artery and other associated anomalies]. PMID- 7345611 TI - [Anatomy and histology terminology (II)]. PMID- 7345612 TI - [Combined use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in clinical stage I and II of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7345613 TI - [Functional diagnosis of growth disorders due to growth hormone deficiency and other causes]. PMID- 7345614 TI - [Morphologic and functional disorders which appear at the onset of hyposomatotropism and hypersomatotropism]. PMID- 7345615 TI - [Treatment of growth hormone secretion disorders]. PMID- 7345616 TI - [Clinical picture of ischemic heart disease without occlusive changes in the coronary arteries]. PMID- 7345617 TI - [Regression of the Q wave after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7345618 TI - [Use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal diseases]. PMID- 7345619 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of functional and organic changes in diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 7345620 TI - [Anatomic and histologic terminology (III)]. PMID- 7345621 TI - [A pathologic cholecystogram obtained by radiologic-pharmacologic methods]. PMID- 7345622 TI - [Levels of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, in the blood in liver diseases]. PMID- 7345623 TI - [Analysis of 494 newborn infants with high or unusually high birth weights]. PMID- 7345624 TI - [Prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum prolactin levels in the pregnant woman with diabetes]. PMID- 7345625 TI - [Diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease on the basis of liver biopsy]. PMID- 7345626 TI - [Prevention and treatment of streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7345627 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria as a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 7345628 TI - [Acute appendicitis in 2 patients in their 10th decade]. PMID- 7345629 TI - [Supravalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 7345630 TI - [Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a patient with a malignant kidney tumor]. PMID- 7345631 TI - [Anatomy and histology terminology (IV)]. PMID- 7345632 TI - [Hyperkalemia caused by succinylcholine in intra-abdominal infections]. PMID- 7345633 TI - [Comparison of classical and radiologic-pharmacologic methods in examining the gallbladder]. PMID- 7345634 TI - [Determination of vanilmandelic acid in urine in retinoblastoma]. PMID- 7345635 TI - [Tissue isoantigens in benign and malignant changes in the lower lip]. PMID- 7345636 TI - [Bacteriologic findings on vaginal smears before and after treatment of ectopia of the vaginal part of the cervix uteri using cryotherapy]. PMID- 7345637 TI - [Anaphylactic reaction to Thalamonal and atropine]. PMID- 7345638 TI - [Stab wounds of the right heart ventricle]. PMID- 7345639 TI - [Penile ectopia of the testis]. PMID- 7345640 TI - [Eradication of smallpox throughout the world]. PMID- 7345641 TI - [The importance of determining urinary sodium in explaining hyponatremia]. PMID- 7345642 TI - [Post-infarct heart rupture]. PMID- 7345643 TI - [The effect of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants on plasma potassium]. PMID- 7345644 TI - [Microflora of infected wounds after abdominal gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 7345645 TI - [Exposure of the medical staff to hepatitis B in a work environment. Epidemiologic, clinical and immunologic study]. PMID- 7345646 TI - [Results of a study of environmental pollution in the Pancevo region]. PMID- 7345647 TI - [Medial cysts and fistulas of the neck in children]. PMID- 7345648 TI - [Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]. PMID- 7345649 TI - [Congenital adrenal hypoplasia in a child]. PMID- 7345650 TI - [The rebellion of Hadzi Nesa and the Pirota plague from 1836 to 1837]. PMID- 7345651 TI - [Prescribing drugs for the elderly]. PMID- 7345652 TI - [Humoral and cellular immune responses to secretory IgA in Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345653 TI - [Uric acid metabolism in patients with liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345654 TI - [Post-operative analysis and indication of total joint replacement for the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345655 TI - [Extra-articular sarcoid lesions in a case treated as rheumatoid arthritis--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345656 TI - [Leukocyte-containing macrophages in Reiter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345657 TI - [Results and problems of collaboration between the medico-scientific societies of countries in the socialist community from 1966-1979]. PMID- 7345658 TI - Main tendencies in the growth of public health services under the conditions of developed socialism. PMID- 7345659 TI - Socio-economic aspects of the socialist public health. PMID- 7345660 TI - The experience in updating public health managers training through regular courses or by correspondence. PMID- 7345661 TI - [Relationship between dispensary treatment and serial examinations]. PMID- 7345662 TI - [Analysis of factors influencing premature birth based on perinatal epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 7345663 TI - The improvement of the clinic and ambulatory institutions activity based on the recommendations regarding the scientific organization of labour (from the experience of the Latvian SSR). PMID- 7345664 TI - [Selected questions on the organization of medical and social care for senior citizens in East Germany]. PMID- 7345665 TI - The role of the town curative-prophylactic institutions in granting specialized stationary medical assistance to the rural population. PMID- 7345666 TI - [Influence of the environment on the development of personality in a socialist society]. PMID- 7345667 TI - Data regarding the incidence decrease of some diseases under the conditions of urban environmental pollution reduction. PMID- 7345668 TI - The variable parity as a risk factor in the Cuban perinatal survey. PMID- 7345669 TI - Health situation of persons aged over 80 years in the metropolitan population. PMID- 7345670 TI - [State of health of 13392 aged persons in North Vietnam]. PMID- 7345671 TI - Ergonomics as a cybernetics system of the "man - production" relationships. PMID- 7345672 TI - Breastfeeding in Thailand: trends and differentials, 1969-79. PMID- 7345673 TI - Characteristics of contraceptive acceptors in rural Zaire. PMID- 7345674 TI - Induced abortion in the Netherlands: a decade of experience, 1970-80. PMID- 7345675 TI - A review of midwife training programs in Tamil Nadu. PMID- 7345676 TI - Malnutrition and fecundity. PMID- 7345677 TI - Characteristics of successful distributors in the community-based distribution of contraceptives in Guatemala. AB - A study conducted by the Asociacion ProBienestar de la Familia (APROFAM) of Guatemala among 177 urban and 233 rural distributors in its CBD programs indicates a number of characteristics related to distributor success (measured by volume of contraceptives sold). Among urban distributors the most important factors were number of months the distributor had worked in the program, location of the CBD post, and the fact of promoting the service by displaying a poster and organizing community meetings about family planning. Among rural distributors, performance was highest among those who received assistance from their spouse, had local competition in the sale of contraceptives, promoted family planning by visiting their neighbors and organizing group meetings, had a higher level of education, and received frequent supervision. In general, factors involving program design and task performance were better predictors of distributor performance than the sociodemographic characteristics of the distributor. PMID- 7345678 TI - Sterilization and the birth rate. AB - Sterilization remains irreversible for all practical purposes, but as its procedures become more feasible in developing countries, the question of its potential contribution to fertility decline vis-a-vis other contraceptive methods has increasing significance for family planning program administrators. This question is examined by means of a model that calculates births averted in defined time durations from the acceptance of various contraceptive methods by women of different ages. The findings suggest that without ready access of the population to reversible contraceptive methods that are attractive to birth spacers and tentative birth terminators, the rate of fertility decline is not likely to be satisfactory regardless of the availability, promotion, or popularity of sterilization. PMID- 7345679 TI - Utilizing research to manage a family planning project. PMID- 7345680 TI - High efficacy of praziquantel in the treatment of 22 patients with Clonorchis/Opisthorchis infections. AB - In a prospective clinical study, the efficacy of praziquantel in the treatment of 22 patients with Clonorchis/Opisthorchis infections was investigated. The dose regimen was 90 mg per kg bodyweight, divided into three equal doses given on consecutive days. Parasitological, clinical, routine haematological and biochemical parameters were followed up for twelve months. Twenty patients (91%) had no detectable egg excretion in the feces or duodenal fluid after one treatment only. Two patients required repeated treatments and a different dose regimen. No serious side effects were observed. Praziquantel proved to be a safe and effective drug for therapy of Clonorchis/Opisthorchis infections. PMID- 7345681 TI - Onchocerciasis diagnosis and the probability of visual loss in patients with skin snips negative for Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. AB - Two methods have been used to verify the diagnosis of patients living in the onchocerciasis hyperendemic region of Liberia found to have O.v. negative skin snips. The first was based on a histological and an electronmicroscopic examination of the skin to determine whether the characteristic onchocerciasis dermatitis was absent, and to compare the results with age matched subjects having minimal to densely O.v. mf infested skin. The second method involved the skin response of patients with O.v. mf negative skin snips to topically applied DEC. No O.v. mf were found in skin snips serially sectioned and examined histologically from patients in which the results of incubation studies were completely negative. Skin snips from these seemingly O.v. mf negative patients had a dermatitis, whereas no dermatitis was found in skin snips taken from subjects living in nearby nonendemic areas. Patients with O.v. mf positive skin snips responded to DEC applied topically with increased pruritus and a papular rash whose severity was proportionate to the intensity of infestation. Patients with O.v. mf negative skin snips responded to DEC applied topically with increased pruritus and developed either a localized papular rash or widely dispersed papules; confirmation of onchocerciasis in these patients was found in the identification of O.v. mf in histological sections of the papules. PMID- 7345682 TI - [Microfilaruria and ocular onchocerciasis (author's transl)]. AB - A study of the relationship between microfilaruria and onchocercal eye lesions has been carried out among 619 persons in 5 villages of North Benin. There is evidence of a significant relationship between microfilaruria and irreversible eye lesions in men aged 15-34 years. The association of microfilaruria with high numbers of microfilariae in the anterior segment of the eye occurs more in older men. PMID- 7345683 TI - Susceptibility of the autogenous group of the Aedes scutellaris complex of mosquitoes to infection with Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. AB - Four species of mosquitoes which represent the Tonga group of the Aedes scutellaris complex (Ae. cooki, Ae. kesseli, Ae. tongae tabu and an undescribed Aedes sp. NUAOFO'OU) were tested for susceptibility to infection with Brugia malayi and B. pahangi. All tested strains were genetically fully (100%) susceptible to infection with both parasitic helminths. Higher survival of females harboring low quantities of infective larvae (1-9 L3/male) indicates a weak adaptation of the host to the parasite. Further analysis showed that in frequency distribution of infective larvae of B. malayi and B. pahangi, the most frequent category was 1-5 infective larvae per mosquito female. Distribution of te infective larvae into various parts of the mosquito body is a dynamic process. After development of L3 larvae in the thoracic muscles is completed, infective larvae migrate predominantly to the abdomen. From day 10 to 18 after an infective blood meal, L3 larvae migrate back to the thorax and head proboscis area. Low density of microfilariae in gerbils (5 mf/20 microliters) is sufficient for good infection in any of the tested mosquito species and strains. If a laboratory model with high susceptibility of mosquitoes to Brugia filarial worms is required, the autogenous group of mosquitoes of Tonga will serve as an excellent laboratory model. High susceptibility of the autogenous mosquito species to B. malayi and B. pahangi and absence of Brugian filariasis in the Polynesian region of the South Pacific is discussed. PMID- 7345684 TI - Lysophospholipase 1 in Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Protein fractions from Trypanosoma brucei brucei showed lysophospholipase 1 activity (E.E.3.1.1.5), against the substrate 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and also phospholipase A1 activity (E.C.3.1.1.4) by hydrolysis of the 1-acyl bond of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Both enzyme activities were eluted together and showed a 12-fold purification following Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. A final 96-fold increase in activity was obtained by electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels to yield a band containing both enzymic activities. Phospholipase A1 showed maximum activity between pH 6.0- 8.5 and lysophospholipase 1 had a pH optimum of 8.5. Both activities were found mainly in the soluble fraction of disrupted trypanosomes and were similarly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. Although Triton X 100 stimulated phospholipase A1 activity, it inhibited lysophospholipase 1 activity. The Km value for the lysophospholipase 1 was found to be 0.15 mM. It was not possible to resolve separate activities for lysophospholipase 1 and phospholipase A1 and the ratio of the two activities was approximately 1 : 10 for a variety of preparations and treatments. It is probable that a single enzyme displays both activities. PMID- 7345685 TI - Mixed populations of trypanosoma brucei in a naturally infected pig. PMID- 7345686 TI - Babesia equi (Laveran 1901) 1. Development in horses and in lymphocyte culture. AB - The vertebrate development of Babesia equi from infected Hyalomma marginatum in Morocco was investigated in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that the sporozoites of B. equi initiate a phase of exo-erythrocytic schizogony in lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, sporozoites did not invade erythrocytes in vitro. The complete vertebrate life cycle of B. equi was simulated in vitro, from the invasion of lymphocytes by sporozoites, to the development of macro- and microschizonts, the invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites, and the subsequent intra-erythrocytic schizogony. In the equine host, macro- and microschizonts were detected in lymph node biopsies during the febrile phase on days 12 to 14 after application of ticks. As a result, the taxonomic position of B. equi appears to be uncertain. PMID- 7345687 TI - [A study on the transmission (transstadial, transovarial) of Babesia microti, strain "Hannover i", in its tick vector, Ixodes ricinus (author's transl)]. AB - Transstadial, transovarial and combined transstadial-transovarial transmission of Babesia microti in its tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, was studied. The ticks used (larvae, nymphs, females) were part of the progeny of nymphs collected in an area nearby Hanover. Specimens to be infected alimentarily were fed on parasitaemic Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The ability to infect mammalian hosts of a tick stage was examined by feeding it on negative Golden Hamsters. B. microti was found to be transmitted transstadially from the alimentarily infected larva to the following nymphal stage, only. Thus, this nymph is the only stage transmitting the Babesia to mammalian hosts. Transovarial transmission could not be observed. PMID- 7345688 TI - Praziquantel in clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis. AB - A single stool examination revealed pathogenic intestinal parasites in 462 (58%) of 796 vietnamese and cambodian refugees. 56 (7.0%) were infected with Clonorchis sinensis and/or Opisthorchis viverrini. These patients received Praziquantel in a dosage of 20 mg/kg bwt. p.day on 3 consecutive days. Parasitological controls were completed after 12 months. No further excretion of eggs could be detected in 88% of the patients. Concurrent infections with other trematodes and cestodes were also cured. Nematode infections remained uninfluenced. No change of haematological and biochemical parameters could be observed during therapy. Diarrhea and epigastric pain were common side effects, which are probably not effects of the drug itself. They rather seem to be due to the release of parasitic antigens. This is also indicated by a further increase of circulating Ig E after therapy. PMID- 7345690 TI - Diagnostic value of rectal biopsy and concentration methods in Schistosomiasis intercalatum: quantitative comparison of three techniques. AB - The diagnostic value of the rectal biopsy was compared to a quantitative stool filtration and the MIF concentration technique in schistosomiasis intercalatum in the Gabon. The rectal biopsy was significantly more sensitive in proving the presence of ova of Schistosoma intercalatum than the stool filtration (p less than 0.001). However, if the two techniques were compared on the basis of the capability to detect viable eggs in rectal mucosa or stool, no difference in sensitivity could be found. The MIF concentration technique was significantly less sensitive than the stool filtration (p less than 0.01) and seems only of minor diagnostic value in schistosomiasis intercalatum. It could be shown that the relative sensitivities of the three techniques in detecting S. intercalatum eggs depended on the age of the examined population, as presence of viable eggs in rectal mucosa and excretion of eggs in stool was inversely correlated to the age of the patients. PMID- 7345689 TI - Modulation of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in patients with Schistosomiasis haematobium, Schistosomiasis mansoni and mixed infections. AB - Cell-mediated immunity to mitogens, nonparasitic and parasitic antigens was evaluated by means of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in 37 African patients infected with S. haematobium, S. mansoni, or both parasites as well as in an uninfected control group. Lymphocytes of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni or schistosomiasis haematobium monoinfection could be similarly stimulated by a delipidized extract of S. mansoni adults. There was also no difference in lymphocyte responsiveness to stimulation by PHA, PWM, ConA, and PPD between these groups and as compared with uninfected controls. In the mixed infection patient group, stimulation by mansoni antigen - as well as by PPD, PHA, PWM - was significantly suppressed (p less than 0.01). Of particular interest, in cultures stimulated by the specific antigen the degree of in vitro suppression was inversely correlated to the intensity of infection (r = 0.54, p less than 0.025). PMID- 7345691 TI - Tolerance levels of select stream macroinvertebrates to the Simulium larvicides, Chlorphoxim and decamethrin. AB - Tolerance levels of six non-target stream macroinvertebrates organophosphorus Simulium lavicide, chlorphoxim, and the synthetic pyrethroid decamethrin, were determined using rapid through-flow laboratory test vessels. A 1-hour exposure followed by 24-hour mortality recorded was adopted as a standard basis for comparison with the target. Simulium larvae. Additional comparisons between the reactions of Simulium larvae and non-targets to chlorphoxim were carried out on the basis of 15-minute exposures in a miniature stimulated stream or experimental channel. At the lowest concentration sufficient to produce 95% mortality in late instar Simulium larvae, decamethrin was highly lethal to all non-targets tested, with the exception of Ephemerella. Baetis and Gammarus proved to have a very high susceptibility to decamethrin, the former still recording 50% mortalities after exposure to concentrations as low as 0.005 parts per billion/1-hour. In the case of chlorphoxim, all the non-targets were found to be significantly more tolerant than Simulium larvae under identical conditions. The margin was narrowest in the case of Baetis (LC95 0.005 ppm as compared with 0.003 ppm for Simulium but wide enough in the case of the predaceous non-targets - Hydropsyche, Rhyacophila and Agrion - to suggest high survival at Simulium larvicide dosages. The results were compared with these previously obtained with other Simulium larvicides such as Abate, chlorpyrifos and permethrin under identical laboratory conditions. The applicability of these techniques to Simulium damnosum and its associated non targets in West Africa is discussed, as also is the need for a comparable laboratory phase of evaluation in that programme. PMID- 7345692 TI - Diphtheria immunity in Mali (mothers and their neonates and children under two years of age. AB - An analysis of diphtheria antibodies (indirect haemagglutination technique) in 85 paired sera of Malian mothers and their newborns (cord blood) showed that all mothers had protective antibody levels (greater than 0.1 I.U./ml). 81 per cent of the neonates demonstrated protective immunity towards diphtheria. Since in Mali respiratory diphtheria is rare, is may be assumed that a silent immunization by skin sores, contaminated with diphtheria germs takes place. This assumption is supported by an analysis of 30 unimmunized 6 to 24 months old babies from whom 10 had protective and 16 low levels of diphtheria antibodies in their sera. By inclusion of 13 further children of the same age group (possibly previously immunized, since they had demonstrable antibodies against tetanus) we found a geometric mean diphtheria antibody titer for all 43 children of 0,08 I.U./ml. PMID- 7345693 TI - The development of Onchocerca gutturosa Neuman to infective stage in Simulium vorax Pomeroy. PMID- 7345694 TI - Congenital malformation and maternal diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7345695 TI - Blood ammonia levels in premature and full-term infants. PMID- 7345696 TI - Successful treatment with corticosteroid of intestinal obstruction due to Henoch Schonlein purpura. PMID- 7345697 TI - Osteopetrosis with rickets in infancy. PMID- 7345698 TI - Comparison of skin reactions in asthmatic children to various house dust and mite extracts. PMID- 7345699 TI - Serum calcium and phosphorus levels in childhood liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7345700 TI - Effects of renal failure on serum transaminase activity. PMID- 7345702 TI - Aicardi syndrome. PMID- 7345701 TI - Levamisole therapy in ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 7345703 TI - Microgliomatosis presenting as sustained hyperventilation. PMID- 7345704 TI - Primary intrinsic chemotactic defect. PMID- 7345705 TI - A moment in history: the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. PMID- 7345706 TI - Usefulness of the systolic time intervals in cardiovascular clinical cardiology. PMID- 7345707 TI - The Ponte Vedra syndrome--an unexpected interaction between alcohol and aspirin. PMID- 7345708 TI - Viral hepatitis: lessons from blood donors. PMID- 7345709 TI - Oral immunization against influenza. PMID- 7345710 TI - Changing virulence of influenza A viruses. PMID- 7345711 TI - The Jeremiah Metzger Lecture: the climate of patient care and medical education. PMID- 7345712 TI - Bedside teaching. PMID- 7345713 TI - Content and process in ambulatory care: notes from an internist's practice. PMID- 7345714 TI - A new paternalism: private industry's attempt to modify the course of unexpected cardiac events in its employees using a high risk coronary profile. PMID- 7345715 TI - Maximum contractile force of human diaphragm muscle, determined in vivo. PMID- 7345716 TI - Treatment of prolactin producing pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7345717 TI - Transforming principle of the pneumococcus: Rosetta Stone to the new biology. PMID- 7345718 TI - Progress in management of patients with infective endocarditis. PMID- 7345719 TI - Advances in blood cultures. PMID- 7345720 TI - Acute syphilis: long term (upwards of 35 years) follow up of a penicillin treated group. PMID- 7345721 TI - The Gordon Wilson Lecture: atherosclerosis--a response to injury gone awry. PMID- 7345722 TI - Coronary spasm, coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7345723 TI - Prognosis in chronic ischemic heart disease. AB - The last 20 years have provided an extraordinary amount of data contributing to an improved understanding of the prognosis of chronic ischemic heart disease. However, much remains incompletely understood. The lack of more precise knowledge about prognosis encourages fuzzy clinical thinking and seems to justify the overutilization of a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. It seems probable that the information available on many individual patients is not fully utilized in assessing prognosis more accurately. An approach is outlined which attempts to utilize clinical and laboratory data in prognosis with particular emphasis on objective information concerning left ventricular function and evidence of myocardial ischemia. The importance of transition phases in the natural history of the patient with ischemic heart disease is emphasized. Table V attempts to summarize areas of clinical research which are important if we are to gain a better understanding of the prognosis of this unusually complex clinical entity, chronic ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7345724 TI - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the bovine fetal ruminal wall in vitro. AB - Strips of rumen wall from bovine fetuses were incubated in an organ bath with prostaglandin F2 alpha (0.13 to 33.76 microgram/ml). The highest reactivity with a submaximal dose (17.03 microgram/ml) was observed in the period between 3.0 and 7.9 months of fetal age. A smaller response, but higher than in 1.0 to 2.9 months old fetuses, was observed in the 8.0 to 8.9 months fetuses. The period of the highest reactivity to prostaglandin F2 alpha coincides with the age of onset of papillary morphogenesis and the period of highest reactivity to autonomic and putative transmitter drugs. PMID- 7345727 TI - In vitro hatching and activation of Taenia taeniaeformis oncospheres. AB - Previously described techniques for hatching eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis were found to give inconsistent and generally ineffective results, even the degree of disaggregation of the embryophore varying with the strain of parasite. Furthermore, the hatched and activated oncospheres did not survive in the hatching fluid. Following a series of studies on the composition of the hatching fluids, a more reliable procedure was developed. Pretreatment with hypochlorite, at 0.67% w/w available chlorine, caused disaggregation of the embryophoral blocks of virtually all the eggs. When this was followed by exposure to a solution containing 10 mg.ml-1 trypsin, 10% ox bile and 10% heat-inactivated foetal calf serum in modified RPMI with HEPES buffer and L-glutamine, about 50% of the viable oncospheres were activated and escaped from the oncospheral membrane. Most of the activated oncospheres survived in this hatching fluid for at least three hours. PMID- 7345726 TI - Varying infectivity of Taenia taeniaeformis for rats and mice. AB - Strains of Taenia taeniaeformis were shown to possess markedly differing infectivities for Sprague-Dawley rats and CFI mice. Strains from Scotland, Belgium and Iraq were more infective for mice than rats while this situation was reversed with a Malaysian strain. There were also differences in their ability to infect hosts of different ages within the range 3-12 weeks of age. PMID- 7345725 TI - The effect of chronic neonatal guanethidine treatment on body composition in pigs. AB - The effect of neonatal guanethidine administration (30 mg/kg/day) during the first 32 days of life on body composition at 20 weeks of age, was assessed in two breeds of pig which were known to differ in their sympathetic responsiveness. Guanethidine administration increased the proportion of fat and decreased the proportion and absolute weight of lean in the Pietrain breed; and it had no effect in Gloucester Old Spots. Thus it can be inferred that endogenous noradrenaline is responsible for promoting leanness in a pig breed with known sympathetic overactivity. PMID- 7345728 TI - [Effect of the sanitary state of the udder on the pyruvate content in the milk]. AB - Studied was the pyruvate content of a total of 302 samples of "aseptic" milk as dependent on the clinical status of the mammary gland. The normal gland indices showed fluctuations from 0.48 up to 1.55 ppm at the respective cell element count, which ranged from 90000 to 480000 per cu. cm. It was found that when the secretory function of the gland was impaired the pyruvate level in the milk varied from 0.68 to 4.07 ppm at the respective cell count of 520000 to 4740000 per cm3. With milk from cows affected with subclinical mastitis the pyruvate value ranged from 0.87 to 6.13 ppm, and the cell count -- from 540,000 to 7,000,000. It is stated that the pyruvate test could not be used alone as a method in the evaluation of the clinical state of the udder, but could be referred to as an adjunct in the complex study of mammary gland. PMID- 7345729 TI - [Biochemical, electrocardiographic and pathomorphological studies the monensin poisoning of sheep]. AB - Studies were carried out on the changes in the electrocardiogram, the content of sodium and potassium in the plasma and erythrocytes, and the morphology of the viscera of sheep spontaneously intoxicated with monensin. It was found that in the initial phases of poisoning the plasma level of Na and K strongly rose--410 +/- 12.57 mg% and 36.28 +/- 1.99 mg%, respectively, while after the tenth day it showed a trend of coming back to normal. The electrocardiogram of the poisoned sheep was inevitably deprived of the P deflection, while the QRST complex showed deformations characteristic of ischemia and degeneration of the myocardium. Morphologically, there were catarrhal abomasoenteritis, edomatized and fragile kidneys and liver, enlarged mucous membrane of the gallbladder, showing hyperemia and nodules, hemorrhages in the heart, and hyperemia and edema of the lungs. Histologically, there were dystrophic and necrotic nephrosis and focal glomerulonephritis, granular and fatty dystrophy and necroses of the liver, cholecystitis, granular and hyaline dystrophy of the myocardium, hyperemia, hemorrhages, and edema of the lungs as well as degenerative changes in the ganglion cells of the brain. The cadavers of animals that were ill for seven to ten days and died had multiple hemosiderosis in the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart. PMID- 7345730 TI - [Effect of lighting intensity on protein metabolic indices in broilers]. AB - Studies were carried out on illumination of varying intensity with regard to some indices of protein metabolism in raising broiler chickens. The changes were followed up in the content of total proteins in the blood plasma and that of liver and breast muscle proteins. Determined were the amount of blood serum urea and the activity of serum transaminases (GOT and GPT) along with the content of lipoproteids and free amino acids. The level of proteins in the blood, liver, and breast muscles was found to be higher in birds raised in the conditions of lower illumination intensity. The amount of free amino acids in the serum showed lower values with birds of the test group. The content of beta-lipoproteids was higher in birds raised under illumination of 4-5 lux/m2 intensity as against that in birds raised under illumination of 7.5 lux/m2. PMID- 7345731 TI - [Biochemical and hematological indices from the use of a bulgarben preparation in digestive disorders in calves]. AB - Experiments were carried out with a total of 23 calves aged 1 to 10 days, divided into two groups. The animals of the first group were prophylactically treated in the course of 10 days against digestive troubles, being given the preparation Bulgarben with the milk at the rate of 100 cm3 each. The animals of the second group served as controls. Followed up were the morbidity rate and the changes taking place in some biochemical and hematological indices--Ca, Mg, P, total protein and protein fractions in the blood serum, Na and K in the plasma and erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, total leukocyte count, and differential blood picture. It was found that Bulgarben in the from of a 12.5 per cent suspension BA, at 100 cm3, did not bring about any changes in the indices studied. Certain drop of the Mg level in the serum of the test calves to the low limits of the normal value was found, which makes it necessary to follow up the Mg content in the serum at continuous application. PMID- 7345732 TI - [Scientific and applied aspects of veterinary ecological control over the industrial technologies in animal husbandry]. AB - In connection with the transformation of animal breeding and putting it on an industrial base ecologization becomes a strategic trend in this branch of national economy too. Ecologization of industrial stock breeding is associated with the solution of two basic groups of problems: --autoecologic. Measures to optimize the abiotic and biotic ecologic factors in view of the maximum and paying substantiation of the genetic potential of productivity of breeds on the industrial complexes. --biocenologic. Developments that lead to the limitation of contamination of the biosphere with waste products, reducing the lines of the technologic processes on the animal breeding complexes. The characteristic features on the animal breeding complexes are referred to as an artificial ecosystem: limited number of populations and reduced componency, leading role of the antropogenic factors, incomplete turnover and intensive use of substance and energy 'taken' from other natural ecosystems, and necessity of energy input. On such base an evaluation is made of the technologic designs and the need is stated to optimize all ecologic factors. Good results are stated with the optimization of the electric properties of the air. A reassessment is made of the existing technologic designs concerning the disposal of manure. Motivation is the necessity of producing biogas from FYM obtained in raising animals and birds without litter. PMID- 7345733 TI - [DNA nucleotide composition of Gram-positive cocci isolated from food products of animal origin]. AB - Studied was the nucleotide composition of 34 strains of gram-positive cocci isolated from slaughtered birds, sheep milk, and milk from mastitis-affected cows and ewes. The differentiation of the strains was carried out in conformity with the instructions of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1974) on the basis of the following indices: morphology of colonies, morphology and staining of the cells after Gram, catalase, oxydase, respiration type, fermentation of manite, production of plas mocoagulase, thermonuclease, and phosphatase and response to novobiocin. The amount of guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine in the investigated strains was determined after the method of Spirin and Belozerskii. On this basis the guanine-cytosine percent was calculated. Results showed that the use of the guanine-cytosine percent made it possible to more accurately differentiate the genus with gram-positive cocci. In 88.24 per cent of the investigated strains there was coincidence between the guanine-cytosine percent and their biochemical characteristics. Two of the strains (guanine cytosine percent 49.95 and 47.48) were shown to belong to the group of planococci. No typical micrococci (with a guanine-cytosine percent of more than 60.00) were established. PMID- 7345734 TI - [Liver diseases and their relationship to forestomach function in highly productive cows]. AB - Studied were 12 cows with protracted, recurrent acidosis of the rumen, 4 cows with alkalosis, and 2 calves with experimental acidosis, following up the changes in the rumen content and their impact on the liver. The diseased animals were investigated both clinically and by laboratory tests with regard to alkaline phosphatase, plasma cholinesterase, SGOT, SGPT, alkali reserves, bilirubin, blood sugar, protein function of the liver (flocculation tests), biopsy of the liver, urine pH, urobilinogen, sedimentation test and ketone bodies, rumen pH, rumen infusoria, glucose-fermenting and cellulose-digesting activity, breakdown of nitrates, butyric acid, and ammonia gas. It was found that recurrent physiologic deviations of the rumen content play an essential pathogenetic role in liver injury. The more substantial and continuous the deviations the more severe the liver diseases. Studies revealed that along with other factors the recurrent acidosis and alkalosis of the rumen content could be claimed to be an immediate cause of the liver diseases in high producing cows. Histologically, the liver of cows with slightly expressed acidosis of the rumen showed granular degeneration, and of cows with protracted acidosis--fatty degeneration, activation of the reticulo-endothelial system, and leukocytes in the capillar sinusoids. Liver biopsy in the case of experimental acidosis demonstrated also decrease in the glycogen content of the hepatocytes. PMID- 7345735 TI - [Incidence of anemia in newborn calves]. AB - The indices of the red and white blood picture were studied in a total of 788 calves, aged up to 30 days, 541 out of which were born in the winter-spring months, and 253 of which were born on the same farms in the summer-autumn months, originating from 17 dairy farms of 6 regions of the country. It was found that the calves born on industrial cattle-breeding farms were comparatively often affected with anemia, showing lower hemoglobin level, hematocrit values, and erythrocyte count along with hypoferremia. More widely occurring was the anemia in calves during the winter-spring period as well as in twin calves and calves of cows that gave birth for the first time. Simmenthals and Simmenthal crosses were shown to suffer more often from anemia than the calves of the Bulgarian Brown and Black-and-white breeds and their crosses. There were no sexual differences with regard to the hematologic indices. The percent of day-old diseased calves was comparatively high. PMID- 7345737 TI - [Vascularization of the papilla in sheep]. AB - Corrosion, enlightened, and histologic preparations were used to study the macro and microvascularization of the papilla in sheep. It was found that blood is supplied by 2 arteries and 4 to 6 papillary veins with thickened walls and numerous valves along their length. At the base of the papilla there forms a weaker arterial and a stronger venous ring with well defined sinusoid dilatations. There is a vascular muscular layer within the wall of the papilla in which the smooth muscle fibres are oriented in three directions: lengthwise, oblique, and circular; these, however, do not form definitely distinguishable layers. There are in the mucous membrane of the cistern 2 clearly distinguishable vascular nets, each of which is represented by vessels of varying size and direction. At the transition between the cistern and the papillary canal a dense vascular plexus is formed consisting of cross venous anastomoses with which this site assumes the appearance of a cavernous body. The mucous membrane of the papillary canal has shown vascularization that is similar to that of the skin of the papilla. The lengthwise disposition of the big vessels deeply in close proximity to the mucous membrane of the cistern and the papillary canal is of definite practical interest to the surgery of the papillary wall. PMID- 7345736 TI - [Chemical composition of the meat and liver of pigs fattened with mixtures containing a bacterial protein supplement]. AB - The chemical composition of the meat and liver of pigs fattened under production conditions was established with the addition of 3, 4, and 5 per cent bacterial protein to three experimental groups of animals, respectively. A control group of pigs was also used fed with no biomass in their feed. The trial lasted 104 days, the liveweight of the animals in the beginning of the experiment being about 35 40 kg, and at the end of it--100--115 kg. It was found that by the contents of water, total, extractable and protein nitrogen, fats, ash, essential and common proteins, tryptophane, and hydroxyproline and the index of their ratio, the pH value and calories as well as by organoleptic evaluation the samples of the investigated m. longissimus dorsi and liver of the test animals did not differ essentially (P greater than 0.05) from the respective values of the controls. PMID- 7345738 TI - [Histological endometrial changes in cows with latent endometritis]. AB - Histologic studies were carried out through biopsy of the endometrium of 61 barren cows. The animals showed no visible clinical signs of a disease of the genital organs. With the method used with cows affected with latent endometritis there were in 57.37 per cent of the cases degenerative and inflammatory changes (49.18 per cent of the diseased animals were with chronic catarrhal endometritis, and 8.19 per cent had atrophic endometritis), and 42.62 per cent showed no changes in the endometrium. The latent endometritis observed was manifested with degeneration and desquamation of the surface epithelium, and a moderate lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltration along with necrobiosis of the uterine glands and proliferation and hyalinization of the connective tissue in the propria and the walls of the blood vessels. PMID- 7345739 TI - Utilization of short-stay hospitals by persons with heart disease and malignant neoplasms: National Hospital Discharge Survey. United States, 1977. PMID- 7345740 TI - Utilization patterns and financial characteristics of nursing homes in the United States: 1977 National Nursing Home Survey. PMID- 7345741 TI - Discharge from nursing homes: 1977 National Nursing Home Survey. PMID- 7345742 TI - [Biology and pathogenetic action of Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 and Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935]. PMID- 7345743 TI - [Histopathological changes and localization of tapeworm Khawia sinensis in the intestine of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.)]. PMID- 7345744 TI - [Level of total protein and its fractions in the serum of carps (Cyprinus cario L.) infected with the tapeworm Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935]. PMID- 7345745 TI - [Electrophoretic examination of the serum of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) infected with the tapeworm Caryophyllaeus sp]. PMID- 7345746 TI - [Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity in the alimentary tract of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) infected with tapeworms Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 or Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935]. PMID- 7345747 TI - [Coccidiosis in fresh-water fish in the light of literature]. PMID- 7345748 TI - [Occurrence of blood flagellates belonging to genus Trypanosoma Gruby, 1841, in the blood of carp--Cyprinus carpio L. and that of tench--tinca L]. PMID- 7345749 TI - [Parasitic fauna in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry bred in ponds fed with rainfall water]. PMID- 7345750 TI - [Cystobranchus fasciatus (Kollar) in the Bug River in the Podlasie province]. PMID- 7345751 TI - [Status and development trends in bacterial vaccines illustrated by selected examples]. PMID- 7345752 TI - [Possibilities and limits of microsurgery in neurosurgery]. PMID- 7345753 TI - [Surgical therapy of intrapulmonary complications in pneumonia]. PMID- 7345754 TI - [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7345755 TI - [Diagnosis of osteopathy caused by antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 7345756 TI - [Determination of the relationship between the duration of gestosis and fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 7345757 TI - [Ultrasound tomography of the kidneys]. PMID- 7345758 TI - [Changes in reproductive behavior in East Germany (1970-1979) in relation to family-politic measures. II]. PMID- 7345759 TI - [The handling of cadavers in hospitals and nursing homes with special reference to hygiene requirements]. PMID- 7345760 TI - [Spontaneous duodeno-choledochal fistula]. PMID- 7345761 TI - [Late sequelae of an intrauterine foreign body]. PMID- 7345762 TI - [Industrial manufacture and potential use of compression products and bandages]. PMID- 7345763 TI - [Presentation of new synthetic bandages made from polyurethane soft foam]. PMID- 7345764 TI - [Explanations of the production scope of compression stockings at the Zeulenroda state-owned knit-bandage factory]. PMID- 7345765 TI - [Treatment with compression stockings from the viewpoint of orthopedic mechanics and bandage makers]. PMID- 7345766 TI - [Hemodynamics of the peripheral venous system]. PMID- 7345767 TI - [Objective determination of the effect of compression therapy by means of mechanical measuring methods]. PMID- 7345768 TI - [Venous occlusion plethysmography and ultrasonic Doppler diagnosis for objectively arrived at compression therapy]. PMID- 7345769 TI - [Measurement of the compression pressure]. PMID- 7345770 TI - [Compression materials and skin changes in chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7345771 TI - [Recommendations for optimal local therapy in the framework of compression therapy in venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7345772 TI - [Indications for compression bandages]. PMID- 7345773 TI - [The Fischer bandage]. PMID- 7345774 TI - [The Putter bandage]. PMID- 7345775 TI - [The Sigg bandage]. PMID- 7345776 TI - [The pressure bandage with reformed foam rubber, with double cushion and with hydrostatic cushion]. PMID- 7345777 TI - [Rotter's compression therapy of venous leg diseases]. PMID- 7345778 TI - [Targeted compression of fascia gaps]. PMID- 7345779 TI - [Compression therapy in active, phlebotherapeutic measures]. PMID- 7345780 TI - [SYSpursan bandages for compression therapy in venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7345781 TI - [Physiotherapeutic principles in venous diseases]. PMID- 7345782 TI - [The importance of compression in orthopedics]. PMID- 7345783 TI - [Wischnewski's injection of the sympathetic trunk--a dangerous neurotherapeutic method]. PMID- 7345784 TI - [Continuous measurement of liquor pressure in neurologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7345785 TI - [Diagnostic errors in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7345786 TI - [Results of interventions in 30-64 year old Schwedt men with hyperlipidemia and nicotine abuse--potentials and problems in the susceptibility of cardiovascular risk patients to a territorial prevention program]. PMID- 7345787 TI - [Intrauterine contraception from the viewpoint of an ambulatory gynecologic department]. PMID- 7345788 TI - [The pseudocystic saccular dilatation of the hepatic ducts--the Caroli syndrome]. PMID- 7345789 TI - [What is the role of the dorsolateral tibia crest triangle in the evaluation of the severity of an ankle joint injury]. PMID- 7345790 TI - [Air-rifle shot injuries in the otolaryngologic region]. PMID- 7345791 TI - [Textile industry and noise damage. A study in the Szeged (Peoples Republic of Hungary) textile mill]. PMID- 7345792 TI - [Diagnostic error in "acute abdomen".--A contribution to violation of the duty of conscientiousness because of insufficient diagnosis]. PMID- 7345793 TI - [Spinal changes caused by heavy physical work in foundry workers]. PMID- 7345794 TI - [Various legal questions on medical expert opinions--preface to the theses]. PMID- 7345795 TI - [Perspectives in pathobiochemistry in medical practice]. PMID- 7345796 TI - [Impedance-cardiographically determined hemodynamic findings in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7345797 TI - [The problem of prevention of secondary pathological fractures]. PMID- 7345798 TI - [Analysis of drug prescriptions--the possibility of determining the justification of prescriptions and patient compliance]. PMID- 7345799 TI - [How frequent is tick encephalitis? Catamnestic interpretation of clinical and serological parameters]. PMID- 7345800 TI - [Tested corrective plastic surgery for protruding ears]. PMID- 7345801 TI - [Tendopathy and corticoids]. PMID- 7345802 TI - [Juvenile leukemia--current treatment outcome and resulting problems]. PMID- 7345803 TI - [Ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of lymphoreticular diseases]. PMID- 7345804 TI - [The physician's liability in unrecognized fractures of the navicular bone of the wrist joint]. PMID- 7345805 TI - [Correlations between objectively determined health status and the medically attested work disability]. PMID- 7345806 TI - [DNCB-skin specimens for immunodiagnosis]. AB - By epicutaneous skin test by means of 1-monochlorine-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) the primary cell-conditioned immunity is induced and is provable by the allergic skin reaction of late type. The examination of 125 clinically healthy persons of either sex at the age of 17-57 years confirms the suitability of self-produced, welded into foil skin test plasters layered with DNCB in various stages of concentration for clinical use. A 48-hour skin contact with 0.049 molar DNCB solution (1,000 microgram DNCB: 100 microliter Ol. oliv.) leads to a late reaction in 84% of the cases, in the repeated case in 98% of the cases. The valuation of the eczema-typical symptoms is suitable for the characterization and quantification. There were no differences in age and sex. Ultrastrong reactions were not registered. PMID- 7345807 TI - [Evolution and prognosis of the adult Eisenmenger syndrome]. AB - From the patients of the Cardiologic Department of the Medical Clinic of Leipzig University 34 adult patients aged 21 to 62 years with the diagnosis of Eisenmenger's syndrome confirmed by heart catheterization were established. The cases in question were 20 ventricular septum defects, 8 atrial septum defects and 6 open arterial ducts. In 26 of the 34 patients first symptoms appeared already during the preschool period, in 4 patients with atrial septum defect in the 12th year as well as between the 35th and 46th year of age, in 4 patients with ventricular septum defect twice in the 8th or 26th and 50th year of age, respectively. The average time of diagnostics from the beginning of the complaints to the heart catheterization was with 15 years and 3 months very long. The average survival time after diagnosis of shunt reversal by means of the heart catheter was 9.7 years in the ventricular septum defect, 5.6 years in the atrial septum defect and 3.8 years in the open arterial ducts. Since 19 of the 34 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome are still alive and the moment of the shunt reversal does not correspond to the moment of the diagnostics, the average life expectancy is greater. It is higher than the values given in literature, which vary between 2 and 10 years after the beginning of the shunt reversal. The progressing of the clinical picture could be objectified by annual increases of various parameters, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, angle alpha QRS, Sokolov's index for right hypertrophy and radiologically established sizes of surface and diameter of the heart and the pulmonary vessels. Correlations of abrupt enlargements and acute diseases were found only for the prominence of the pulmonary segment and the basal diameter of the heart. The examinations showed that in the course of Eisenmenger's syndrome the pulmonary hypertension, the polyglobulia, the right heart hypertrophy, the size of the heart and last not least the complaints increase continuously or in dependence of complications (heart insufficiency, carditis, pneumonia, embolism a.o.). PMID- 7345808 TI - [Assessment and immediate measures in psychiatric emergencies]. AB - While in intensive medicine the somatic detoxication of suicidal intoxications and the methiazol chloride treatment (distraneurine) of delirious conditions belong to everyday work, outside psychiatric institutions the judgement and the immediate measures in all other acute psychopathological syndromes are still accompanied by uncertainty and sight differenciation. For the emergency therapy the cause-unspecific diagnosis of a syndrome must often be sufficient. The mode of effect, the differences of the indication and side-effects of the psycholeptics which are to be applied in psychiatric emergency cases are summarizingly described. Physostigmine is therapeutically too little used as an antidote against ethanol and ethyl chloride spray for the interruption of conversion-neurotic attacks and excitation conditions. On the other hand distraneurine is contra-indicated in alcohol intoxications without delirious symptomatology. PMID- 7345809 TI - [Changes in plasma volume and electrolytes after treatment of therapy-resistant hypertension with diazoxide and furosemide]. AB - 10 patients (5 females, 5 males, average age 50.2 +/- 5.8 years) with a therapy resistant hypertension were for 10 days treated with injections of diazoxide and furosemide (hypertonalum and furesis). A significant decrease of the blood pressure as well as a decrease of sodium and potassium in the serum occurred, where as the electrolyte content of te 24-hour collection urine was influenced in homogeneously. The blood and plasma volume, respectively, was also significantly reduced. Heart rate and blood sugar significantly increased, urea-N, creatinine, hematocrit and hemoglobin did not increase significantly. The new regulation of the blood pressure to an oral antihypertensive permanent therapy continued 4 weeks to 6 months. PMID- 7345810 TI - [Cor biloculare in a 40 year old man]. PMID- 7345811 TI - [The sonographic evaluation of upper abdominal pain]. PMID- 7345812 TI - [Endoscopy in children]. PMID- 7345813 TI - [Cancer-risk diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7345814 TI - [The current state of rectal cancer surgery]. PMID- 7345815 TI - [Hepatobiliary serial function scintigraphy before and after surgical interventions in the biliary tract]. PMID- 7345816 TI - [The lucid interval in epidural hematoma]. PMID- 7345817 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 7345818 TI - [Balint groups: a different kind of medical activity]. PMID- 7345819 TI - [Management of blunt chest trauma (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of life threatening situations due to blunt chest trauma, the priority of treatment, and therapeutical consequences are discussed. Rib fractures, pulmonary contusions could be treated conservatively. Tension pneumothorax and haemothorax need immediate decompression by intercostal tube drainage. The necessity for prompt exploratory surgery should always be considered in patients with massive haemothorax, tracheobronchial disruption and traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. Rupture or perforation of the oesophagus, traumatic aneurysms of the thoracic aorta, large diaphragmatic herniations, and penetrating thoraco-abdominal wounds demand an early thoracotomy. Indications for late thoracotomy are: clotted haemothorax and diaphragmatic herniations primarily not diagnosed. PMID- 7345820 TI - [Concentration of calcium and phosphorus in patients after thyroidectomy without ligation of the inferior thyroid arteries (author's transl)]. AB - In 150 patients who underwent surgery of the thyroid gland without ligation of the inferior thyroid arteries the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were examined and the patients checked for clinical signs of hypoparathyroidism. In 149 patients without symptoms of tetania over the first 3 postoperative days a decrease of calcium could be observed as it happens likewise after cholecystectomies. Only one patient presented an acute state of hypoparathyroidism postoperatively. In this case the decrease of calcium turned out to be very rapid. Omitting the ligation of the inferior thyroid arteries lowers the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism thus meeting the demand for a functional resection. PMID- 7345821 TI - [Does oral contraception cause deep venous thromboses? (author's transl)]. AB - From 1975 to 1980 48 women suffering from deep venous thrombosis were seen at the Surgical Dept. of the Medizinische Akademie Magdeburg. In 22 cases no objective cause could be found, 16 women, however, had been put under oral contraceptives for many months and even for years. Although there is no causal evidence between oral contraception and deep venous thrombosis until now, oral contraception has to be considered as a risk factor concerning the formation of deep venous thrombi in women. PMID- 7345822 TI - [Achalasia of the oesophagus; early and late results of dilatation and surgical procedures (author's transl)]. AB - Till now etiology and pathogenesis of achalasia of the oesophagus are unknown. The disease is based on dysfunction of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Early and late results of dilatation and surgical procedures are compared. This review deals with 57 operated patients and 102 dilatated ones (Starck's Dilatator). Late results--25 operated and 22 dilatated patients were evaluated on an average at 9.5 or 8.3 years respectively. In the early stage of achalasia 2 to 3 dilatations are recommended. A cardio-myotomy combined witha fundoplication should be performed in high-graded stenoses and after unsuccessful dilatation. PMID- 7345823 TI - [Aorto-left ventricular tunnel with aneurysm of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 7345824 TI - [Mathematical modelling of glycolysis and of adenine nucleotide metabolism of human erythrocytes. II. Simulation of adenine nucleotide breakdown following glucose depletion]. AB - The breakdown of adenine nucleotides in human erythrocytes in physiological and alkaline medium at 37 degrees C after glucose depletion is simulated by a mathematical model of energy metabolism. The simulation consists of time dependent solutions of a system of 16 differential equations derived from the stoichiometry of chemical pathways and kinetic properties of enzymes. Starting with the stationary characteristics of the model (M. Schauer et al.: Acta biol. med. germ. 40, 1659, 1981) the results of the simulation were analysed as a function of 1) the share of adenylate deaminase in the degradation of adenine nucleotides and 2) the interaction between adenylate kinase equilibrium and magnesium ions. The experimental data and the simulated concentration changes are in good accord, provided that the assumed activity of adenylate deaminase is very low so that the degradation of adenine nucleotides proceeds mainly via AMP hydrolysis. The extensive activation of adenylate deaminase during incubation is explained by its sigmoid kinetics with respect to AMP. To improve the results of simulation changes in the adenylate kinase equilibrium have to taken into consideration. These have been measured during incubation of erythrocytes; they can be attributed only partly to the increasing concentration of magnesium ions and to differences among the constants of magnesium association to adenine nucleotides. PMID- 7345825 TI - Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on the delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturases of rat liver microsomes in vivo. AB - This study was conducted using three groups of male rats to assess the effects of trans fatty acids on the desaturases of rat liver microsomes in vivo. The trans fatty acids fed rats showed significant decrease in the activities of delta 9 (p less than 0.001) and delta 6 (p less than 0.01) desaturase was normal as compared to the control group. The group of rats fed hydrogenated coconut oil showed only significant decrease in their liver microsomal delta 9 desaturase (p less than 0.05), whereas delta 5 and delta 6 desaturases were within the normal level of the control group. The level of trans fatty acids accumulated into the microsomal lipids of trans-fed rats reached to about 15.6% of their total fatty acids, of which 12.6% were represented as trans-18:1 acid. The trans-delta 9, delta 10, delta 11 and delta 12 18:1 isomers were the major isomers accumulated into the microsomes. The trans- delta 5, delta 6, delta 7, delta 15, and delta 16 18:1 isomers were detected only in small amounts ranging from 0.9 to 2.0%. This study shows that the dietary trans fatty acids are differentially incorporated into the liver microsomal lipids and act as inhibitors for delta 9 and delta 6 desaturases. The delta 6 desaturase is considered as the key enzyme in the conversion of the essential fatty acids to arachidonic acid and prostaglandins. This indicates that the presence of trans fatty acids in the diet may induce some effects on the EFA metabolism through their action on the desaturases. PMID- 7345826 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in human platelets and its effect on platelet aggregation. AB - Platelets from patients with known red blood cell G-6-PD deficiency were investigated to find out whether this genetic defect is associated with changes in platelet aggregation. The enzyme defect in platelets could be verified by a decreased G-6-PD activity which was as low as 15% compared to control subjects. The decreased enzyme activity was reflected by lowered levels of NADPH and GSH and by a diminished maximum capacity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Aggregation measurements in platelet-rich plasma from deficient patients revealed an enhanced dose response to ADP which was higher by about one order of magnitude compared to controls. The same effect was observed in a smaller degree in arachidonic acid induced aggregation. PMID- 7345827 TI - Effect of sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine on the renal excretion of water and electrolytes in developing rats. AB - The influence of sympathectomy (SE) by s.c. administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (10 mg/100 g b.m. daily from the 1st up to the 4th day of life) on the age dependent development of the renal excretion of water and electrolytes was tested by means of diuresis experiments in conscious rats. Immediately after SE natriuresis occurs as a consequence of denervation. Already on the 10th day of life this denervation diuresis disappears due to several compensatory mechanisms and 10 to 55 day old rats excrete less sodium than control animals of the same age. The potassium excretion is also diminished in 20 to 55 day old rats. The results show -- that the typical age course of water and electrolyte excretion is not altered by SE, -- that adrenergic influences are of importance for the renal function in rats, and -- that the consequences of the sympathectomy can be fully compensated in the kidney too. PMID- 7345828 TI - The influence of bile acids on biliary excretion of indocyanine green in rats of different ages. AB - In rats of different ages bile flow and biliary excretion of indocyanine green (ICG) were estimated in dependence on bile acid excretion. In 20, 30, 60 and 180 day old rats bile acid excretion was diminished to a quarter of the control by pretreatment with cholestyramine (1.5 g/kg b.wt.). To enhance bile acid excretion, taurocholate sodium (TC, 50 mg/kg b.wt.) was given together with the dye. Bile acid depletion diminished the bile flow to a greater extent in young rats, which were found to have a higher bile acid dependent fraction of canalicular bile flow (60%) compared to 60 (35%) and 180 day old rats (20%). After bile acid depletion the decrease in ICG excretion was more pronounced in 30 and 60 day old rats which exhibit highest dye excretion rates. TC was able to enhance the bile flow in all age groups investigated, however, the ICG excretion was enhanced only in adult animals. Our results indicate that the bile acid dependence of the hepatobiliary transport of ICG is influenced by age. PMID- 7345829 TI - [Method for repeated removal of cerebrospinal fluid from freely moving, waking rabbits]. PMID- 7345830 TI - [Miniaturized multi-channel preamplifier for registration of evoked potentials in freely moving rabbits]. PMID- 7345831 TI - [Experimental studies of circulation following a plication operation]. AB - Three types of plications were performed on dogs: 1. modified mesenterial plication; 2. transjejunal internal splinting; 3. intestine duplication according to Noble. No passage disorder or abnormal circulation were observed; compared with the values of the control dogs isotope activity was the same after plication. Thus, there is no danger of impaired circulation after this type of operation. PMID- 7345832 TI - [Induction of neuroleptic anesthesia with etomidate]. AB - Changes in the circulation parameters measured during modified neuroleptanalgesia were assessed for 75 cases. No significant deviation from the initial values were observed in the systolic blood pressure and pulse rate in the introductory phase of anesthesia introduced with Etomidate after Droperidol + diazepam premedication and maintained with Fentanyl, relaxation and the inhalation of nitrous oxide. Because of this marked stability of the circulation, the method is considered particularly advantageous for the analgesia of high-risk-patients. PMID- 7345833 TI - Experimental autotransplantation of the jejunum by microsurgical technique. PMID- 7345834 TI - [Effect of pretreatment with radiation-detoxified endotoxin on endotoxin shock in dogs]. AB - The protective action of the radiation detoxified endotoxin preparation (Tolerin) on the endotoxin shock of dogs was studied. Endotoxin shock was induced by the intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin. It was found that the intraperitoneal administration of 4 mg of radiation-detoxified endotoxin (Tolerin) 48 hours prior to the inducement of shock prevents the drop in blood pressure and the decrease of cardiac output which promptly appear in the acute phase of endotoxin shock. PMID- 7345835 TI - Ion exchange chromatographic, gel filtration and isotachophoretic analysis of normal and uraemic sera. PMID- 7345836 TI - [Treatment of complete acromioclavicular luxation with a coracoclavicular screw]. AB - In 12 cases of acromioclavicular luxation surgical treatment was applied by applying a coracoclavicular screw. In 8 of the 12 operated cases the results were excellent. The patients could resume their old job. After removal of the device used for osteosynthesis, no symptoms or late relapse appeared. In 2 patients the results were good, in 1 fair and in one patient a relapse was observed. It is suggested on the basis of the good results that the method should be considered suitable for clinical use. PMID- 7345837 TI - [Transurethral resection in bladder tumors]. AB - The experience gained in the course of 127 transurethral resections of bladder tumours are described. After discussing the indications and the technique the authors present their own results. The advantages of transurethral resection are emphasized: reduced operational stress, early mobilization, quick removal of the catheter, few postoperative complications, low cost of nursing. Therefore the operation is given preference mainly in the treatment of elderly patients with bladder tumour. PMID- 7345838 TI - [Surgical exposure and removal of occlusion in the external iliac artery]. PMID- 7345839 TI - Telethermography: a non-invasive method for the estimation of uteroplacental perfusion. PMID- 7345840 TI - [Pressure conditions in the pancreatic duct in acute experimental pancreatitis]. AB - The pressure conditions in the pancreatic duct of healthy dogs and of animals with experimentally induced acute serous or necrotic pancreatitis were studied with the Hess-type manometer successfully applied in biliary surgery. In acute pancreatitis hypertension was observed which was more marked in the group with necrotic pancreatitis. PMID- 7345841 TI - [Perineal neoplasms]. AB - The literature on perineal neoplasms is reviewed and their incidence, the method and effectiveness of their surgical treatment analyzed. The prognosis of perineal neoplasms is tragic: according to published data 50% of the patients die within two, 92% within four years. The benign or malignant nature of perineal tumours can be judged only on the basis of histological tests. Attention is drawn to the necessity of the early surgical removal of perineal tumours. In the case of a 66 year old woman the histological diagnosis was gelatinous adenocarcinoma. To the best of the knowledge of the authors no similar case has been reported in the literature. PMID- 7345842 TI - Bacteriological findings in the first 12 hours following experimental missile trauma. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate and magnitude of bacterial growth in gunshot wounds following debridement one, 6 and 12 hours after infliction of a standardized missile trauma (spherical steel bullet, 0.88 g, 6.00 mm in diameter, impact velocity 1 000 m/sec). 39 pigs were shot in one or both thighs (n of wound, 54). The skin was not cleaned before the trauma but was disinfected preoperatively. Before trauma infliction, swab samples were taken from the nose, the rectum and the skin. At the operation, all muscle tissue judged to be devitalized was removed. Samples for bacteriological culturing were taken from the removed tissue and from the margins of the wound cavity. Isolated bacterial strains were classified and a semiquantitative evaluation of the number of, bacteria was performed. Bacterial growth in the devitalized tissue was indicated in about 70% of the wounds. Cultures from tissue judged as viable and left in the wound indicated contamination in 25% of the wounds in the 1-hour group, contamination in 37 and infection in 11% of the 6-hour group, and in the 12-hour group infection in 60 and contamination in 33%. The conclusion is that wound infection can be overcome by adequate surgical treatment within 6 hours but will be out of control after 12 hours' delay. Furthermore, the results indicate that the presence of a sparse mixed flora probably creates the necessary conditions for infection with other pathogenic strains. PMID- 7345843 TI - Mammography directed wire marking of nonpalpable breast lesions. A consecutive biopsy study of 100 patients. AB - Among 665 patients referred for breast complaints, 100 women (15%) had mammographically detected nonpalpable lesions suspected of malignancy. Using a mammography directed hook wire marking, 115 excisional biopsies were carried out. A correct biopsy containing the lesion was obtained in 113 instances. There were 2 failures, due to displacements of the wire in one case and surgical inexperience in another case. Two patients had minor wound complications. Invasive carcinoma was found in 12 and carcinoma in situ in 4 biopsies, i.e., a cancer rate of 16% of patients and 14% of biopsies. The biopsy procedure was simple, time saving, and acceptable of patients. The excisions were small and the cosmetic results excellent. During mammography for control of wire position, and during dressing and surgical manipulations the flexible hooked wire remained as originally placed in all cases but one. PMID- 7345844 TI - Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms: is there a need for aortography? AB - A comparison was made between angiography (AI), computer tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) in the preoperative evaluation of 85 consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. A total of 63 AI, 24 CT and 43 US were performed. It is concluded that the diagnostic accuracy in identifying aneurysms is higher for CT and US than for AI. AI and CT provide more correct data concerning the anatomy in the region of the renal arteries than US. We suggest that a non-invasive technique should be used for preoperative verification of the diagnosis. AI should only be used when the upper limit of the aneurysm and the relation to the renal arteries cannot be defined by non-invasive methods and, furthermore, in all cases with clinical signs of stenotic disease of the iliac arteries. PMID- 7345845 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm with perianeurysmal fibrosis. A clinical entity. AB - Nine operatively treated patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and associated perianeurysmal fibrosis are reported. The fibrotic reaction closely corresponded to the extent of the aneurysmal disease. In four patients only the periaortic tissue was involved, whereas in the other five there was also involvement of the tissue surrounding the inferior vena cava, the duodenum and one or both ureters. A tentative preoperative diagnosis of perianeurysmal fibrosis was made in three patients and in one of them this was confirmed at computer tomography. In view of the similarity in clinical and microscopic appearance it is suggested that "perianeurysmal fibrosis", "inflammatory aneurysms" and retroperitoneal fibrosis" associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms might represent the same disease or different stages of it. PMID- 7345846 TI - Breaking strength and suture holding capacity of syngeneic aortic vein grafts in the rat. AB - The breaking strength of the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava transplanted from one rat into the abdominal aorta of another rat of the same inbred strain and the same sex was studied before and during the first 4 weeks after transplantation. Breaking strength was determined by testing segments of the abdominal aorta with interposed vein graft using a tensiometer which indicated the breaking force and site. The suture-holding capacity of the wall of the abdominal aorta, the non-transplanted inferior vena cava and the vein grafts was tested by determining the force required to disrupt an anastomosis made by 4 sutures of 8-0 polypropylene. One week after transplantation the breaking strength and suture-holding capacity of the vein grafts was significantly lower than before surgery. Two weeks after transplantation the graft segment was stronger than preoperatively, and also stronger than the adjacent aorta in three cases out of five. Four weeks after transplantation all except one of the six tested segments disrupted at the aorta. The suture-holding capacity of the graft wall was significantly greater four weeks after transplantation than in non transplanted vein segments. These changes in breaking strength and suture-holding capacity correspond to the decrease and subsequent increase in collagen concentration of the vein grafts previously reported. PMID- 7345847 TI - Endoscopy in the management of gastric ulcer disease. AB - The influence of endoscopy on the management of gastric ulcer disease during a three-year period was reviewed. A total of 265 endoscopies on 120 gastric ulcer patients were performed. 145 of these endoscopies were controls of ulcers primarily diagnosed as benign. At these controls 4 carcinomas were detected, all invasive. In all these cases the endoscopist had a suspicion of malignancy at the first endoscopy, although it was not verified histologically. This emphasizes the importance of the macroscopic appearance of the ulcer and of appropriately taken biopsies. All gastric cancers during the same period were reviewed, only 3.4% were classified as early. They were all diagnosed at the first endoscopy. There was a significant decrease in the number of operations on suspicion of malignancy compared with earlier periods when endoscopy was not a routine procedure. PMID- 7345848 TI - Site of recurrence, extent of ileal disease and magnitude of resection in primary and recurrent Crohn's disease. PMID- 7345850 TI - Vascular responses of small intestine and liver to regional infusion of vasopressin. AB - The vascular responses of the small intestine and liver to regional infusion of vasopressin were measured continuously and synchronously in anaesthetized cats. When infused into the superior mesenteric artery there was a marked initial blood flow reduction (peak response) followed by a sustained but moderately reduced flow (steady state). Corresponding to the peak response the portal pressure fell significantly. This reduction was only transient, however. Vasopressin infused into the hepatic artery caused if anything only a shortlasting decrease of hepatic flow. Concomitantly there was also a transient decrease of portal pressure. The findings indicate that continuous regional infusion of vasopressin causes a considerable reduction of intestinal blood flow without interfering with hepatic arterial circulation. PMID- 7345849 TI - Effects of regional vasopressin infusion of intestinal series-coupled vascular sections. AB - The effects induced by infusion of vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery on the small intestinal series-coupled vascular sections were studied in cats and compared to those evoked by stimulation of the regional sympathetic nerves. The doses used were similar to those recommended for clinical purposes. Vasopressin induced an increase in intestinal resistance to blood flow, which at higher doses was biphasic with an initial pronounced effect followed after a few min by a less marked steady state response. Vasopressin induced no effect on the intestinal capillary filtration coefficient, did not change the isovolumetric equilibrium and evoked only a minor decrease in regional blood volume. When compared with sympathetic nerve stimulation the latter induced a less marked steady state increase in intestinal blood flow resistance but a more pronounced decrease in regional blood volume and a decrease in capillary filtration coefficient. The effects following vasopressin infusion were in the doses used not that pronounced that they could be considered potentially harmful for the small intestinal tissue. PMID- 7345851 TI - Colonic stricture as a complication in pancreatitis. Report of two cases, with a review of the literature. PMID- 7345852 TI - [Lysolecithin and lecithin. Influence in the etiopathogenesis of chronic and acute gastritis as related to bile reflux and duodenal juice. Experimental study]. AB - The authors studied three groups of rats with had their stomachs exposed to lecithin, lisolecithin and salt solution action. They noticed through histopathologic methods and DNA dosages of the studied stomachs that lisolecithin can promote gastric inflammatory lesions as well the research method chosen has promoted acute erosive gastritis in various animals. They have also noticed, with gastric DNA dosages, a higher cell desquamation with the lisolecithin group. The authors have considered this method efficient to demonstrate precocious gastric lesions. The authors arise the question if lisolecithin present in duodenal juices (formed by the action of A phospholipase of the pancreatic juice with bilious lecithin) and the biliary salts constitute a substance of great importance to the gastric lesions produced by the alkaline reflux to the stomach. PMID- 7345853 TI - [Juvenile polyps in childhood]. AB - 61 children, from 12 months to 14 years old with colonic juvenile polyps were studied using double contrast radiology and conventional and fiber optic endoscopy. In all cases the tumor excision was performed without fulguration. 43 polyps were located within the rectal area and 17 in the colon. In one patient 4 polyps were found at different place in the colon. In 90 percent of the cases the symptom was fecal blood loss and spontaneous merging of the tumor across the anus in the remaining 10 percent. Histologic examination showed no atypic cell. PMID- 7345854 TI - [Rectal syphilis. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Five cases of rectal syphilis are described, observed during a 5-month period in 1978 in the General Manuel Belgrano Hospital. The diagnosis was made by means of endoscopical, hystological, bacteriological, and seriological examinations. The homosexual activity of all five patients and the role this plays in disseminating this type of affliction is noted. Finally, the importance of taking into account this type of pathology is stressed for the purpose of differential diagnosis and its therapeutic implications. PMID- 7345855 TI - [Melanoma with gallbladder metastasis. Report of a case]. AB - The authors present the case of a 28-years-old male on whom a colostomy was performed due to a biliar colic and radiological-excluded vesicle condition. The condition resulted from metastasis in bile vesicle and lymph node adjacent to a scalp melanoma which had been extirpated one year earlier. Among patients with melanoma and gallbladder symptoms, the biliar symptomology--biliar colics and pronounced cholecystitis should provoke thoughts regarding the metastatic compromise of the vesicle due to melanoma. PMID- 7345856 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus]. AB - A case of choledochus cyst in a woman of 25 years old is reported. The total excision of the cyst with primary anastomosis to the duodenum o jejunum is the best operation, if it isn't possible or dangerous the elective technique is the cystojejunostomy in Roux-Y. It is suggested the advantage to resolve in the best form-excision or cystojejunostomy during the first operation for avoid eventual complications during the late intervention. PMID- 7345857 TI - Mortality rate of Japanese twins and triplets. II. Socioeconomic factors influencing infant deaths of twins after birth to one year of age. AB - The rates of infant mortality of twin individuals were 4.38% and 7.76% for mothers healthy and nonhealthy after delivery, respectively, and the difference is significant at the 0.01 level. The lowest infant mortality rate was seen in the mothers with paid work during pregnancy (4.56%), followed by the mothers engaged only in housekeeping (4.72%) and by those self-employed during the pregnancy (4.99%). Infant mortality rate for MZ twins decreased with increased monthly expenditure of the household, whereas the rate for DZ twins remained constant with expenditure. Socioeconomic factors still affect the infant mortality of twins, and the infant mortality rate can be improved. PMID- 7345858 TI - Mortality rate of Japanese twins and triplets. III. Infant deaths of triplets after birth to one year of age. AB - The rate of infant mortality of triplet individuals (deaths under one year of age) was computed using 34 sets of triplets born in the first half of 1974. The rates were 8.82%, 9.68%, and 10.34% for the first-, second-, and the third-born triplets, respectively. For males and females the rates were 8.33% and 10.34%, respectively, and the difference was not significant. The rate decreased with gestational age up to 32-35 weeks. For those with heavier weight at birth (less than or equal to 2,000 g) the rate was lower (0%) than for those with lighter weight (less than 2,000 g, 8.16%), but the difference is not significant (P = 0.087). Infant mortality rate of triplets decreased with increased monthly expenditure of the household. PMID- 7345859 TI - Spontaneous or systematically induced labor for the termination of twin pregnancies. AB - The best time for twin delivery is at 38 or 39 weeks gestation. Systematic Caesarean section or induction is decided upon during these weeks. Thanks to this policy, the good results formerly obtained have been maintained and an important decrease in emergency. Caesarean sections has been noted thus reducing the risks inherent in this method. However, a randomized trial is necessary to confirm these results. PMID- 7345860 TI - [Therapeutic embolization in ORL pathology. Indications and results]. AB - The progress of therapeutical embolization in otolaryngology was made possible by the arrival of new techniques which allowed the embolization of the different ramifications of the arteria carotis externa. The embolization technique is based on two principles: 1. The embolus is to be injected in a super-selective way, after catheterization of the pathological blood vessels. 2. The mass of the embolus has to be big enough to be able to obstruct the pathological vessel. Therefore the femoral way is mostly used. The aim of embolization is to create a spontaneous thrombosis around the used particles. The thrombosis thus succeeds in completing the embolization. The principal counter-indications against embolization are due to facts of a technical and a geographical order. Incidents and accidents are often related either to the catheterization, or to the contrast media, or also to the anastomoses which become functional after the embolization. The major complications are hemiplegiae, aphasiae and eyesight troubles, all problems brought about by ischaemia are: --the indications for isolated embolization, amongst which have to be pointed out the surgical counter indications, severe epistaxis, vessel malformations, important cranio-facial angiomatosis, the telangiectasical family angiomatosis of Rendu-Osler, and the antalgic effect of embolization, in particular in cancer treatment; -- an excellent indication for embolization is the prevention of massive hemorrhages and the simplification of the surgical act, in particular in hypervascularized ORL tumours, either benign or malignant, for instance the naso-pharyngeal fibrome and the whole of the malignant tumours and of the metastases of the ORL sphere. To conclude, we may say, that, within skilled hands and when taking the usual precautions, accidents in embolization are exceptional, and that embolization remains a therapeutical process with great prospects. PMID- 7345861 TI - [Treatment of cholesteatoma using the method recommended by P. Kluyskens and Gillis. 3 cases with labyrinthine fistulas]. PMID- 7345862 TI - [Indications for BERA]. PMID- 7345863 TI - [Brain stem evoked response for audiometric testing]. PMID- 7345864 TI - [The virtual image of the incus]. AB - The virtual image of the incus formed by the saline lens is an aid to the safe dissection of the antrum. The saline irrigation fluid indeed may act as a thin negative lens which permits at the antrum the visualization of the image of the incus, around the corner of the bony canal wall overhang. This warning device, predicting the exposure of the incus, prevent in this way inadvertent contact of this ossicle by the power drill and subsequent acoustic trauma. PMID- 7345865 TI - [3 cases of laryngeal papillomatosis]. PMID- 7345866 TI - [Labio-palatal cleft and hearing disorders. Study of 72 cases]. AB - The authors propose a systematic surveillance plan in otolaryngology for patients having velopalatal insufficiency. This study was based on 72 children operated for palatoschisis. They described the pharyngo-sinusal consequences secondary to defective nostril permeability and its rapport with auditory problems. They demonstrated the primordial importance of adequate microscopic examination of the ears and impedance measurements in evaluating otological lesions. In addition, they study the results of the treatments wokgone by these patients and their complications. Other than functional reparatory surgery of malformations, primary ENT care and follow-up, eradication of infections and drainage of secretions one must rehabilitate the postadenoidectomy patient. In spite of the risks concerning phonation there is considerable amelioration of rhinopharyngeal and otological problems. In addition transtympanic drainage remains important in the symptomatic treatment and prevention of evolution towards chronic mucous otitis. PMID- 7345867 TI - [Treatment of acoustic trauma with hyperbaric oxygen]. AB - This study is the result of a clinical experience we carried out in the Centre of Hyperbaric Oxygentherapy of the Belgian Navy in cooperation with the Military Hospital in Ostend. During a period of three years we treated 50 victims of acoustic traumata occurring in military service (due to shooting, explosions, ...) with a total of 76 disturbed audiograms. In the first part we explain the physiological principle of this lesion, analysing the traumatizing sound and the individual sensibility. The symptomatology and the audiometrical findings are discussed afterwards. The treatment consists in reassuring the O2 -- supply to the damaged receptive hearing-cells by vasodilatators, antiphlogistica and OHP. It is the oxygen, physically dissolved in the serum, that directly diffuses into the damaged cells -- without intervention or Haemoglobin in the erythrocytes. We found a statistically significant amelioration of this hearing-loss. The results as shown in the diagrams, are more convincing when we give a complete hearing protection during the treatment and when wer can start the OHP as as soon as possible. Using PHP is an important improvement in the treatment of acute hearing loss due to acoustic traumata. PMID- 7345868 TI - [New surgical technic for approaching the cavities of the middle ear]. PMID- 7345869 TI - [Congenital recessive moderate sensorineural hearing loss]. AB - A case of familial moderate sensorineural hearing loss without associated abnormalities is described. The audiometric findings suggest a cochlear lesion. the hearing loss is non-progressive. An autosomal recessive inheritance is likely. These findings correlate with a "recessive congenital moderate sensorineural hearing loss" first described by Konigemark et al. (1970). PMID- 7345870 TI - [Sialadenoma papilliferum]. AB - In this article we described a case of sialadenoma papilliferum detected in an old lady during a complete clinical survey for unrelated causes. This tumor did not produce any symptoms. The sialadenoma papilliferum was first described as a separate entity in 1969. Since several other reports have been made but the tumor is definitely rare, usually an accidental finding and most commonly localized in the mouth in the transition zone of soft and hard palate. Our case is the first published in a woman and as yet also the oldest. A survey of the literature is given. PMID- 7345871 TI - [Principles of classification of tympanoplasty]. PMID- 7345872 TI - In vitro thyroid function tests : methodology and normal values in paediatrics. PMID- 7345873 TI - Viral encephalitis in children. PMID- 7345874 TI - Congenital postero-lateral diaphragmatic defects. How to improve survival? PMID- 7345875 TI - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children. A preliminary report of a study by the Belgian Cooperative Group for the treatment of Solid Tumors in Children. PMID- 7345876 TI - Upper airway obstruction during sleep in a child. A polygraphic study. PMID- 7345877 TI - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Successful correction by direct implantation in the aorta. PMID- 7345878 TI - Effects of indomethacin, naproxen and paracetamol on regional blood flow in rabbits: a microsphere study. AB - Ulcerogenic side-effects and prostaglandin-synthesis-inhibiting capacity are well documented in indomethacin treatment. According to recent works, indomethacin reduces gastrointestinal blood-flow. Naproxen and paracetamol, claimed to be prostaglandin-synthesis-inhibitors, have few ulcerogenic side effects. In an attempt further to study the indomethacin effects and to reveal whether naproxen and paracetamol have similar effects, the labelled microsphere technique was used. The regional blood flow determinations were made before, and 12-15 min. after, the injection of the drugs. Indomethacin 3 mg/kg, reduced gastrointestinal blood flow and increased arterial blood flow to the liver. Naproxen, 10 mg/kg, and paracetamol, 25 mg/kg, had no effects except for a very small decrease in liver blood flow with paracetamol. The results strongly suggest that, at least under light general anaesthesia, prostaglandins influence resting blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and parts of the brain. The results more raise doubts whether naproxen and paracetamol inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in these tissues. These data offer a plausible explanation as to why naproxen and paracetamol are usually well tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract. None of the drugs tested influenced resting blood flow in muscles, tendons, bones, joints or synovial membranes. PMID- 7345879 TI - Distribution of intratracheally administered cadmium in rats. AB - Cadmium chloride cleared rapidly from the lungs and translocated mainly into the liver within 24 hrs of an intratracheal instillation. Further pulmonary clearance and hepatic accumulation were very slow during the remaining observation period of 24 days. Though, the uptake of cadmium by kidneys was lower but the level increased consistently with the time after instillation. The induction of metallothionein synthesis by cadmium might be responsible for accumulation and retention of cadmium in liver and kidneys significantly. PMID- 7345880 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of antidepressant drugs in human serum. AB - A universal gas chromatographic method for the determination of the most commonly used antidepressant drugs in 1 ml of serum is described. Prior to extraction the samples were washed with hexane at acid pH. After the hexane wash the drugs were extracted into hexane at pH approximately 10, and subsequently reextracted from the hexane into a 1% solution of formic acid in methanol. The methanolic phase was evaporated, the residue dissolved in isopropanol and analysed by gas chromatography with nitrogen detection on a 3% OV-225 column. Recoveries for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine, desmethylclomipramine, doxepin, desmethyldoxepin, imipramine, desipramine, maprotiline, protriptyline, trimipramine and desmethyl-trimipramine were found to be 80% or higher. Limits of detection were found to be 5-10 ng/ml for teritary amines and 10-20 ng/ml for secondary amines. Interferences from some common basic drugs were investigated as well as interferences between different antidepressant drugs. Gas chromatographic data are given for 28 drugs and metabolites. PMID- 7345881 TI - Effects of hydroflumethiazide in congestive heart failure: renal electrolyte excretion related to urinary thiazide excretion and aldosterone. AB - The effect of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) on renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium was studied in congestive heart failure and related to urinary excretion of thiazide and aldosterone. HFT 75 or 150 mg was administered orally once daily for 4 days to 8 male patients with roentgenological evidence of enlarged heart and slight or no peripheral oedema receiving digitalis and controlled diet. Urinary excretion of HFT did not change after repeated doses, whereas urinary excretion of a metabolite increased significantly. Initially, HFT induced a significant increase in the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. After repeated doses, the natriuretic effect declined gradually in 6 of the patients. There was consistently a small natriuretic effect and a large kaliuretic effect at high serum aldosterone concentrations and high urine aldosterone excretion rates, whereas at low aldosterone levels, there was a wide range in magnitude of these effects. Relationships of the log urinary excretion rate of HFT to the increase in urinary excretion rate of sodium, chloride, and potassium showed positive and significant correlations. It was concluded that reduced natriuretic effect of HFT in congestive heart failure is not due to reduced delivery of thiazide to renal tubular cells but to compensatory adjustments of the kidney in part induced by aldosterone. PMID- 7345882 TI - Effects of intraperitoneally injected acrylonitrile on liver, kidney and brain. PMID- 7345883 TI - Effects of methyl mercury on protein synthesis in vitro. AB - Methyl mercury has been shown to interact with protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In the present paper a brain postmitochondrial supernatant was used for studies in vitro. Inorganic mercury (Hg2+) was shown to be more potent inhibitor of protein synthesis than methyl mercury, puromycin or cycloheximide. The inhibitory effect of methyl mercury was potentiated by puromycin. It is thus possible that methyl mercury causes disintegration of polysomes in brain cells. PMID- 7345884 TI - Effect of a new vasodilator, pinacidil (P 1134), on potassium, noradrenaline and serotonin induced contractions in rabbit vascular tissues. AB - Ring preparations of rabbit aorta were contracted by potassium (127 mM). Pinacidil (P 1134), a new vasodilator ( 2.3 x 10(-5) M), the calcium antagonists verapamil (3.4 x 10(-7) M), nifedipine (3.4 x 10(-9) M) and hydralazine (1.9 x 10(-4) M) relaxed the preparation by 50%. 50% relaxation of noradrenaline contracted tissues was obtained with pinacidil, 6.8 x 10(-5) M, verapamil, 2.4 x 10(-3) M. At 2 x 10(-7) M concentration nifedipine was almost inactive. In ring preparations of rabbit aorta exposed to calcium-free medium and then depolarized with potassium (127 mM), pinacidil, 5 x 10(-5) M and nifedipine, 10(-8) M significantly inhibited the contractions by cumulative addition of calcium. Hydralazine, 10(-3) M had no effect. Noradrenaline-induced contractions in calcium-free medium or in presence of increasing amounts of calcium were significantly inhibited by nifedipine, 10(-8) M and hydralazine, 10(-3) M. Pinacidil, 10(-4) M had no effect. Pinacidil, 1.3 x 10(-5) M and verapamil, 2.0 x 10(-5) M inhibited by 50% the serotonin-induced increase of perfusion pressure of isolated rabbit ear artery. The noradrenaline effect in this preparation were 50% inhibited by pinacidil, 2.4 x 10(-4) M and by verapamil, 8.8 x 10(-5) M. Hydralazine, 10(-3) M exerted minor inhibitory effect. It is suggested that interference with calcium influx contributes to the vasodilator activity of pinacidil. PMID- 7345885 TI - Influence of certain chelating agents on egress of cadmium from cultured epithelial cells containing high amounts of metallothionein: a screening of Cd releasing and toxic effects. AB - Cells cultures have been used to study the effect of 6 different metal chelating compounds on the efflux of Cadmium (Cd) from the cells and on cell growth. The cells had previously been made resistant to high levels of Cd (100 mumol/1) in the medium. They contain large amounts of intracellular Cd (40-50 nmol Cd/mg cell protein), the main part of which is bound to cytoplasmic metallothionein. Among the different monothiol and dithiol compounds tested are some old, well-known and to some extent therapeutically tried substances, i.e. 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL), D-penicillamine (PA), N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (NAPA) and some newer metal chelators, i.e. 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonate (BAL-Sulph), mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). The three latter ones all showed better effect on the egress of Cd than PA and NAPA and less toxic effect than BAL on an equimolar basis. All the agents tested increased the efflux of Cd from metallothionein-containing cell cultures which seem to be justified as a test system for primary screening of effect and toxicity of new chelators. PMID- 7345886 TI - Sulfonamide acetylation in isolated rabbit and rat liver cells. AB - Suspensions of isolated liver cells were prepared from rabbit livers perfused with Ca++-free buffer and 0.05% collagenase. Primary cell suspensions (containing both parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells) metabolized sulfadimidine and sulfanilamide at first-order kinetics for at least 2-3 hrs. Suspensions of purified rabbit liver parenchymal cells had an equal metabolic capacity, and it could be demonstrated that the metabolic rate of both sufadimidine and sulfanilamide was correlated to the amount of viable parenchymal cells in suspension. Suspensions of non-parenchymal cells were lacking the ability to metabolize both drugs. By means of homogenates of purified rabbit and rat liver cells, it could be demonstrated that the enzyme N-acetyltransferase was located in the cytosolic fraction of the parenchymal cells. It was concluded that the cytosolic fraction of the liver parenchymal cells is the main site of sulfonamide acetylation in both rabbit and rat. PMID- 7345887 TI - Xylene and alcohol involvement of the human equilibrium system. AB - Ten healthy male subjects were exposed at weekly intervals to m-xylene concentrations of 6 mumol/1 (145 p.p.m.) and 11.5 mumol/1 (290 p.p.m.) for 4 hrs alone and in combination with the prior ingestion of single doses of alcohol (0.8 g/kg). Alcohol alone was ingested at two dose levels, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg. Body sway was recorded with a strain gauge transducer platform with the subjects' eyes closed and open, and the eyes closed/open ratio, indicating the grade of visual compensation for body balance, was calculated. The variation observed in the eyes closed/open ratio in different experimental situations was due to changes with the eyes closed rather than to differences with the eyes open. Alcohol or a xylene concentration of 6 mumol/1, as well as their combination, had little if any effect on this ratio. Exposure to a xylene concentration of 11.5 mumol/1 tended to decrease the eyes closed/open ratio, possibly due to functional tolerance or adaptation. Interestingly, alcohol with a xylene concentration of 11.5 mumol/1 significantly increased the ratio, a finding suggesting an unexpected combined effect of xylene and alcohol, possibly of metabolic origin, on the human equilibrium system. The possible mechanism of this action remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7345888 TI - Effect of spray and evaporative cooling on certain galactopoietic responses in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Nine normal lactating Murrah buffaloes from Punjab Agricultural University Dairy herd were used to assess the effect of spray and evaporative cooling on certain galactopoietic responses in buffaloes in three equal groups of control (Group I), showers (Group II) and evaporative cooling (Group III). At 10.30, 12.30, 14.30 and 16.30 h daily the animals in Group II were given showers for fifteen minutes while the animals of Group III were kept on evaporative cooling system from 07.00 to 21.00 h daily. All the animals of Groups I, II and III were given showers by splashing water on their bodies with buckets once a day as a general routine being practised in the farm. Physical parameters included were dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, light intensity, % R. H., total day length and cooling power of air. The various galactopoietic responses recorded were the let down time, the milking time, the milk yield, the average flow rate, the fat and lactose percentages. The results of this study revealed that the showers amd the evaporative cooling were responsible for increasing the galactopoietic responses, i. e. the milk yield, the milking time, the the average flow rate and decreasing the let down time in both the periods. This may be attributed to the added comfort to such animals. PMID- 7345889 TI - Visual evoked potentials in the formation of a temporal connection. AB - With a view to estimating the character of the visual evoked potentials (EP) in the process of the formation of a temporal connection and its extinguishing in human subjects, temporal connection was created between two visual stimuli--non verbal and verbal with neutral or emotional significance--in ten subjects with psychopathic traits of the character. Cerebral EP are recorded in the occipital, associative areas and on the vertex. In establishing the temporal relation, it was found that the non-verbal stimulus signalizing emotionally significant verbal stimulus causes a late positive component with shorter latency and higher amplitude in the occipital regions compared with EP of the non-verbal stimulus signalizing a neutral stimulus. Analogous differences are also found for the parameters of EP of the neutral and emotional verbal stimuli, i. e. the second stimulus in the pair. The established differences in the EP parameters of the two non-verbal signal stimuli during the functioning of the temporal connection are stable in character upon its extinguishing.U PMID- 7345890 TI - Influence of immobilization and motor loading on the 4.5--12 Hz frequency range of the EEG in rats. AB - The changes in the rhythmic structure of the background bioelectrical activity in the 4.5-12 Hz range in the hippocampus (Hipp.), the mesencephalic locomotor region (Mes LMR) and the sensomotor cortex (MC) in rats are studied under conditions of prolonged immobilization and motor loading. The different motor regimes are found to result in a lasting transformation in the background rhythmic characteristics of the formations studied. While in the immobilized rats there is prevalence of rhythms in the 4.5--7 Hz range and a decrease between 7.5 and 9 Hz, in motor-loaded rats rhythms prevail in the 7.5--9 Hz range. Moreover, in the case of motor-loaded rats there is a characteristic shifting of the rhythms towards the higher frequency within the 9.5--12 Hz range compared with the controls. Similar results have also been found as a direct result after each training session. The data obtained are interpreted on the basis of the EEG correlates described in the literature of the respective behaviour--"movement" and "immobility" slow rhythmic hippocampal activity (RSA). It is pointed out that: (1) Different motor regimes lead to lasting transformations in the background EEG; (2) The observed transformation concerns not only the hippocampus but also other cerebral structures as well, connected with the control of motor behaviour, namely MC and MesLMR. PMID- 7345891 TI - Analysis of the innervation of the gastroduodenal region. AB - Under isometric conditions simultaneous recordings are made of the contractile activity of smooth-muscle strips isolated along the circular axis from the pyloric sphincter (PS) and at 1 cm proximally an distally from it -- from the antrum (A) and duodenum (D). The effect of transmural electrical stimulation is studied after the method of Burn and Rand (1960) (duration of the impulses 0.5 ms, frequency from 2 to 20 Hz and supramaximal current values for 20 s). The responses of the smooth-muscle strips isolated from A and D to transmural electrical stimulation are similar. Switching on of the stimulation causes contraction (on-response) throughout the entire stimulation period, while its switching off leads to additional last contraction (off-response). A dependence is observed between the amplitudes of the on- and off-responses and the frequency of the impulses, the maximum being reached in the high-frequency range (16-20 Hz). After Atropinum sulfuricum (5 x 10(-6)M) the on-response is considerably reached, no off-response being observed. In PS triggering of the stimulation results in inhibition of the phasic activity, accompanied by marked relaxation (on-response). The amplitude and the duration of the relaxation depend on the frequency of the impulses applied, the amplitude being maximal at 4-6 Hz, while its duration reaches the maximum between 16 and 18 Hz. Atropinum sulfuricum (5 x 10(-6)M) does not change essentially the amplitude of the relaxation. After Atropinum sulfuricum, Phentolamine and Propranolol (10(-5)M) the amplitude of the relaxation increases significantly in the low-frequency region (4-8 Hz), while its duration decreases considerably. PMID- 7345892 TI - Polarity histogram - a supplementary method for evoked potentials analysis. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate how far the variations in the P300 amplitude of the event-related potentials (ERP) are related to the changes in the frequency of P300 occurrence from the polarity histogram. ERP from Cz (10/20 system) in a task of counting one of two different stimuli ("soft" and "loud" tones) presented in a Bernoulli sequence were recorded. A control situation, i. e. stimuli presentation while the subject is reading a book, was also included. For each subject the two situations were presented according to a completely balanced orthogonal experimental design. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant effect of the task, as well as of the experimental period of the P300 amplitude. For each subject the differences in the P300 amplitudes and the corresponding frequencies of occurrence between the two situations were assessed. The results obtained showed that the changes in the frequency of occurrence are mostly associated with the mere presence of absence of P300. Therefore the polarity histogram provides information particularly valuable for the endogenous ERP components and permits quick identification of these components. PMID- 7345893 TI - The effect of lonetyl on the electroencephalogram and rheoencephalogram of experimental animals. AB - In view of the interesting problem of the correlation between the functional cerebral activity and cerebral blood circulation, as well as the controversy in the literature concerning the effects of tranquilizers on cerebral blood circulation, the effects of the daily tranquilizer Lonetyl on the spontaneous cerebral bioelectrical activity and cerebral haemodynamics have been studied. According to rheoencephalographic data, Lonetyl is found to reduce cerebral vascular tone, which is manifested by decreased values of the relative share and the dicrotic index, the maximum effect being observed between the 15th and 30th min. The changes in the EEG consist in significant increase of the alpha- and theta-activity, with maximum effect on the 15th min, increased mean frequency and decreased mean amplitude. Synchronization of the cerebral bioelectrical activity is observed after the 30th min. PMID- 7345894 TI - Experimental verification of the possibility of in vivo formation of nitrosocompounds upon combined action of dodecylguanidineacetate and sodium nitrite. AB - The pollution of the environment with pesticides of different chemical classes (amines, carbamates, guanidines, etc.) and nitrogen fertilizers creates the danger of the in vivo formation of carcinogenic nitrosocompounds. The fungicide Dodin represents dodecylguanidineacetate (DGA), whose chemical structure presupposes a possibility for nitrosofication in the presence of nitrites. The experiments were carried out on albino rats in which 1/10 LD50 sodium nitrite and DGA were introduced orally and in combination. On the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 15th and 30th days after the onset of the effect we determined the activity of the oxidases with mixed function (OMF) at two levels of biological organization: at the level of intact organism after loading with aminopyrine (AP) and subsequent determination of its basic metabolites in the urine; at subcellular level (microsomal liver fraction) - by the velocity of N-demethylation of AP, hydroxylation of aniline and by the cytochrome P-450 content. The independent action of sodium nitrite leads to a slight inhibition of OMF at subcellular level (28--34%) only after a single treatment. DGA does not change the activity of OMF. The combined action of the two agents causes considerable OMF inhibition (63--67 per cent) on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 15th days at both levels. The concentration of microsomal protein decreases parallel to OMF inhibition. The data obtained suggest that a new compound is formed under the conditions of the experiment, probably through in vivo nitrosification of the pesticide. This is also testified by the established qualitatively different effect of the preliminary induction of OMF with phenobarbital on the acute toxicity of the noxae studied: lack of effect for DGA, increase for sodium nitrite and decrease for their combination. PMID- 7345895 TI - Degeneration release of noradrenaline in skin flaps in rats. AB - To study if noradrenaline released from degenerating sympathetic nerves may contribute to metabolic stimulation and low blood flow in an experimental skin flap, we have determined noradrenaline levels in such skin flaps. Attempts to use radioenzymatic methodology for the determination of noradrenaline in rat skin extracts were unsuccessful due to interference with the assay. High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was, however, found to give accurate estimates of rat skin noradrenaline contents. Rat skin contained approximately 2.7 nmol (455 ng) noradrenaline per gram dry weight. Extensive depletion of skin flap noradrenaline, occurring mainly between 6 and 24 h postoperatively, was found. At 48 h nearly all sympathetic nerves in the skin flaps had degenerated as evidenced by noradrenaline levels of 0.13 nmol/g. The degeneration of sympathetic nerve endings appears to proceed from the sides towards the middle of the flap, indicating a segmental distribution of the nerves. Noradrenaline released from degenerating sympathetic nerves may adversely affect the survival of critical skin flaps by causing vasoconstriction and metabolic stimulation. PMID- 7345896 TI - Compliance of the interstitial space in rats. I. Studies on hindlimb skeletal muscle. AB - Interstitial compliance, defined as the ratio between changes in interstitial fluid volume (delta IFV) and interstitial fluid pressure (delta IFP), was determined for rat skeletal muscle. IFV was measured as the extravascular distribution space for 51Cr-EDTA, while sharpened micropipettes connected to a servo-controlled counterpressure system were used to measure IFP. The experimental protocol was designed to bring about acute (2-4 h) and chronic (24 28h) tissue over- and dehydration. During dehydration, the average compliance was 0.056 ml/g dry weight . mmHg, corresponding to 1.40 ml/100 g wet tissue . mmHg, and was not significantly different in acute and chronic experiments. In hydration (acute and chronic), compliance increased several-fold when IFV increased. Even at greatly increased IFV, IFP did not rise more than 1 to 1.5 mmHg above control level. Since control IFV amounts to 10 ml/100 g wet tissue, IFV will decrease by 14% when IFP falls by 1 mmHg from this control level. Provided unchanged interstitial protein mass the dehydration will cause interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure to increase by somewhat more than 1 mmHg--from a control level of 9 mmHg. Furthermore, since IFP was not increased by more than 1 to 1.5 mmHg during hydration, an increase in IFP plays a minor role in edema-prevention compared to dilution and/or washout of interstitial proteins. PMID- 7345897 TI - Compliance of the interstitial space in rats. II. Studies on skin. AB - Interstitial compliance, defined as the ratio between changes in interstitial fluid volume (delta IFV) and interstitial fluid pressure (delta IFP), has been measured for rat skin. IFP has been measured with sharpened glass capillaries connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system, while IFV has been determined as the extravascular distribution space for 51Cr-EDTA. The measurements were performed at hydration and dehydration of various duration. Compliance was 0.162 ml/g dry tissue per mmHg in dehydration, corresponding to 5.4 ml/100 g wet tissue per mmHg. The volume-pressure curve was similar at 2-4 and 24-28h of dehydration. Up to 20% increase in IFV compliance was similar to that in dehydration, but thereafter increased severalfold upon further increase in IFV. Even at sixfold increase in IFV, IFP did not rise by more than 1 to 2 mmHg. Control IFV in skin amounts to 40 ml/100 g wet tissue and IFV will therefore change by 14% when IFP changes by 1 mmHg from the control level. This change in IFV will cause interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure to increase or decrease by somewhat more than 1 mmHg in dehydration or hydration respectively from a normal control level of about 9 mmHg. With further increase in IFV secondary to increased capillary filtration, the interstitial edmaprevention will depend on washout and/or dilution of interstitial proteins since IFP did not increase by more than 1 to 2 mmHg. PMID- 7345898 TI - Complementary role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine for cat submandibular gland blood flow and secretion. I. VIP release. AB - The effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve stimulation on VIP release in relation to blood flow and secretion were studied in the cat submandibular salivary gland. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation caused a marked VIP overflow (over thousand fold increase in VIP output) into the venous effluent from the gland which was simultaneous with profuse salivation and an about 10-15 fold increase in blood flow. The VIP output was dependent on the stimulation frequency, the duration of the stimulation period as well as the glandular blood flow. At 15 Hz maximal VIP output (about 4 fmol per impulse) was obtained after about 5 min of stimulation simultaneously with the maximum of the maintained phase of vasodilation. About 50 pmol VIP was recovered in the venous effluent from the gland during 1 h of maximal nerve stimulation. The VIP output after 1 h, was only about 20% of maximal, however, suggesting that the storage reserves and/or resupply of VIP might be running out. Under physiological conditions (frequencies less than or equal to 6 Hz) it was estimated that the axonal transport mechanism should be sufficient for replacement of VIP. At lower frequencies (2 and 6 Hz) the VIP output was parallel to vasodilation and secretion, while at a high frequency (15 Hz) a much more pronounced VIP output was seen. The increased overflow at 15 Hz may either be due to an actual increase in release or to a saturation of local VIP inactivating mechanisms. When stimulated simultaneously, the parasympathetic vasodilator mechanism seemed much more potent than sympathetic vasoconstriction. Since VIP may be present in cholinergic neurons, data from the literature concerning acetylcholine release are discussed in relation to the observed VIP output. PMID- 7345899 TI - Complementary role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine for cat submandibular gland blood flow and secretion. II. Effects of cholinergic antagonists and VIP antiserum. AB - The effects of atropine and hexamethonium on submandibular vasodilation, secretion and VIP release in response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation were studied in cats. It was found that salivary secretion was completely atropine sensitive at all frequencies. The vasodilatory response was characterized by an initial phase (most marked at lower frequencies) followed by a maintained phase (most pronounced at high frequencies). Atropine reduced the initial phase at all frequencies while the maintained phase was reduced only at low stimulation frequencies. At 15 Hz the maintained blood flow response was paradoxically increased after atropine, particularly with regard to the duration. The increase in blood flow after atropine was accompanied by an about eight fold increase in VIP output as compared to control stimulations at 15 Hz. This may suggest that the acetylcholine levels regulate the VIP release in a feed-back system via muscarinic autoreceptors. No increase in VIP output by atropine was, however, observed at 2 Hz while a small but significant increase was found at 6 Hz. Treatment with VIP antiserum reduced both phases of the vasodilation as well as the secretion in response to stimulation at 2 Hz. Thus, VIP and acetylcholine seem to be important for both phases of vasodilation as well as for salivary secretion. The relative contributions of VIP and acetylcholine are, however, hard to evaluate since atropine appears to increase VIP release. This fact complicates the characterization of cholinergic and noncholinergic vasodilator mechanisms by the use of atropine. Hexamethonium treatment abolished both the vasodilation, the secretion and the VIP release seen during parasympathetic nerve stimulation implying that it was preganglionic and that the preganglionic transmitter is acetylcholine which activates postganglionic transmitter is acetylcholine which activates postganglionic neurons via nicotinic receptors. Somatostatin had no blocking effect on parasympathetic mechanisms in the cat submandibular gland. PMID- 7345900 TI - Oxygen dependence and energy turnover in normal and hypertrophic rat portal vein. AB - Oxygen consumption (Jo2), lactate production (JLA), and active force were studied on rat portal veins that had hypertrophied in response to a 5 days period of increased transmural pressure. The vessels were mounted in vitro at optimum lengths for force development. The walls of the hypertrophic (H) veins had in comparison to their controls (C) an increased cross-sectional area (1.14 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.03 mm2, S.E., n = 12). The H veins had a diminished or absent spontaneous contractile activity in contrast to C. The influence of surrounding Po2 on amplitude of K+-induced contractures was studied in an open organ bath. For both C and H veins a decline in force was seen at Po2 levels around 275 mmHg and below. Energy metabolism was studied in a closed glass chamber (volume 1.2 ml) at a Po2 of 290 mmHg. In comparison to recordings at 690 mmHg. JLA and active force were unaltered in both groups indicating a sufficient O2 supply. For veins relaxed in Ca2+-free solution Jo2 and JLA were higher in H veins compared to C if expressed per unit vessel length (Jo2:0.47 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.02, JLA:0.66 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.03 nmol/min x mm, n = 6). When the comparisons were made per unit weight Jo2 was similar, about 0.38 mumol/min x g whereas JLA was higher in the H group (0.53 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.05 mumol/min x g). Contractures were elicited in high-K+ solutions with varied amounts of Ca2+ added. Maximal force per unit areas was lower for H veins compared to C (9.5 +/- 1.6 vs. 16.3 +/- 3.3 mN/mm2). For both groups Jo2 increased with active force. JLA increased with force for C but was unaltered for H veins. The relation between calculated ATP production and force was less steep for H indicating a lower metabolic tension cost. PMID- 7345901 TI - Cerebrovascular effects of ammonia in vitro. AB - The effect of ammonia (ammonium salts) upon human and rabbit cerebral arteries was studied in vitro. Ammonia (NH3/NH4+) caused relaxation of cerebrovascular smooth muscle which was transient and occurred irrespective of how the vessels were preconstricted (potassium-Krebs solution, noradrenaline, serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha). The effect was independent of ammonia-induced extracellular changes in pH. It is concluded that ammonia may contribute to the vasodilatation and increase in cerebral blood flow which occurs under certain pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 7345902 TI - Effects of exogenous angiotensin II in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Observations on gastric acid secretion, gastric sham drinking and gastric mucosal plasma flow (14C-aniline clearance). AB - Cods were equipped with cannulae for drainage of the stomach and for the separate perfusion of the stomach (pure seawater containing phenol red as a volume marker) and intestine (diluted seawater). Acidity of the gastric effluence was titrated, its volume calculated from the phenol red concentration. Gastric mucosal plasma flow (MPF) was estimated by gastric 14C-aniline clearance. I.m. injection of angiotensin II (AII) depressed basal acid secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. Also the MPF was reduced, but relatively less than the secretory depression. Therefore, the AII-induced secretory inhibition could not be explained by restrained mucosal blood flow. Perfusion of the intestine with diluted seawater, or a continuous i.m. infusion of 0.6% NaCl both rendered the fishes non-drinking. A high dose of AII (150 micrograms/kg . h) induced drinking in intestinally perfused cod while lower doses (15, 50 micrograms/kg . h) did not. In i.m. saline injected cod, all three doses were dipsogenic. The results suggest that 0.6% saline infusion induces a permanent satiety and that intestinal perfusion in addition induces a preabsorptive satiety. The preabsorptive satiety appears more resistant to the dipsogenic action of AII than the permanent one. PMID- 7345903 TI - The application of the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) to sleep studies in the cat. PMID- 7345904 TI - Ligation of the adrenal vessels--an incomplete technique to eliminate the plasma adrenaline content in the dog. PMID- 7345905 TI - [Some scientific feedback from biofeedback]. AB - This paper emphasizes the heuristic value of biofeedback in psychiatry. The efficacy of biofeedback in the treatment of headaches appears well established. Using this application, the usefulness of biofeedback for psychiatric research is discussed. Physiological measurements obtained during the treatment of headache patients with EMG feedback now question the well-known theory of increased muscle tension as the mechanism of tension headaches. Moreover, biofeedback can be regarded as a well defined psychotherapeutic context allowing the quantification of some psychophysiological effects of therapist-patient relationships. PMID- 7345906 TI - [The Social Defense Institution in Paifve]. AB - The author have first studied the outcome of 68 patients, committed on the Social Defense law, out of the institution for five years. He observes that 27 patients have been well integrated, both professionally and socially (in their family). Fifteen patients had only a passive reinsertion and ten others are failures. Eight patients deceased, one through fire immolation, an other one through medicinal overdose during a holiday at home. Eight other had to be transferred: 3 in a specialized therapeutic milieu, 3 in a more closed setting and 2 in another region for linguistic reasons. In the second half of this work, the author has shown the strong incidence of somatic, familial or psychological factors in the patients population. Severly disturbed patients constitute 52% of the population for 16% of severe mental retardation and 34% of psychotics. Regardless of the heterogeneity of the population, it was possible to create a therapeutic community by organizing the permanent education of the attendants through a system of holydays and temporary liberations. This favoured the social reinsertion in the first study or a stabilisation of the situation through the allowance of reality confrontation and progress in familial and social reinsertion in the second group. The holidays and temporaray liberations produced in general few offenses which could be reduced by accompanying personnel able to collaborate more in this procedure. PMID- 7345907 TI - [Actual considerations in psychotherapy research]. PMID- 7345908 TI - Carbamazepine in the treatment of psychotic and behavioral disorders. A pilot study. AB - Symptoms of (mostly psychotic) agitation and symptoms of disrupted behavior, loss of impulse control (such as aggressiveness, impulsivity, perversity, suicidal attempts, orality, pseudomania which means mania subjectively experienced as unpleasant mania, mania not responding to lithium treatment) and EPS (very pronounced in group A, less in the other subgroups) in patients with a premorbid active-ambivalent personality pattern, in the absence of clinical and EEG signs of epilepsy, constitute an indication for the use of carbamazepine. This drugs allows a reduction, sometimes marked, of high doses of neuroleptics, as well as of many doubtful indications for lithium, characterised by our selection criteria. PMID- 7345909 TI - [About the systemic frame of psychotherapy]. AB - Like in linguistic, one can distinguish two main fields of application of systemic family therapy: the structural field (or constitutive) and the semantic field. Both belong to the large systemic system (the word much less than ecological much greater than is closed to it). In a previous article, the author has studied the first field through linguistic, and in this article we deal mainly with the second field, with the help of text and context Bateson's as a leading mean. This fundamental relativistic perspective leads to such concepts as isomorfism and analogy, metascopy and metatheoretical attitude, aperceptive habits of thinking and learning frame, primary and secondary learning, paradox and double-blind. It finally leads to a systemic ethic and considerations about semiology and communication, institution and family, human history and adolescence, psychosis and psychotherapy (proceeding from a theoretical approach very different from classical scientific theory). PMID- 7345910 TI - [Glycomacropeptide from whey: a substrate for determining the activity of bacterial neuraminidases]. PMID- 7345911 TI - [Claviceps sp. CP II, a producer of alkaloids. II. The effect of the composition of the nutrient medium and of respiration reducers and inhibitors on alkaloid formation]. PMID- 7345912 TI - [Role of metal ions in D-glucose and D-fructose isomerization by a glucose isomerase produced by 2 strains of streptomyces sp]. PMID- 7345913 TI - [Chemical reduction of the amount of nucleic acids in intact Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells]. PMID- 7345914 TI - [Cytological differences in cell cultures infected with classical fowl plague virus and influenza virus type A]. PMID- 7345915 TI - Jade and gold originally as drugs in China. AB - Demand for a drug identifies its user and also his needs. An aged ascetic living alone in a forest needed a drug to acquire physical strength. His search was guided by the theory that like makes like. Accordingly, jade was selected as a hard stone that never tarnishes which, when taken as a powder, will make the consumer strong-bodied. Previously, red-ochre was consumed orally on the principle that its redness would increase blood and promote longevity. Jade came to supercede red-ochre or red-earth. Its inscribed character in Chinese, Yu, is a horizontal stroke on the top of Thu, earth or clay. Thus Yu, jade, signifies Super-Earth or a drug superior to red-ochre. Searching for a more potent drug, gold was discovered and, being fireproof, was thus everlasting. Chin, gold, as a character, is composed of Yu, jade, plus a phonetic as the specifying additive. Hence the resultant character, Chin, presents gold as Super-Jade. Briefly, jade is Super (Red)-Earth and gold is Super-Jade. PMID- 7345916 TI - Ginseng and the hypothalamic-pituitary control of stress. AB - There are a group of so-called tonic remedies in Far Eastern medicine which are traditionally viewed as harmonizing or adjustive. Ginseng and eleutherococcus are the best known, and there is evidence that they increase arousal, stamina and stress resistance. We have attempted to explore the relationship between the behavioral and the stress effects, and to relate this to traditional concepts. In one series of experiments mice were given ginseng throughout their lifespan. At intervals their behavior response to mild stress was examined and found to be exaggerated compared to controls without ginseng. However, normal ambulatory behavior in the absence of stress was unaffected. A second series of experiments indicated that the binding of corticosteroid to certain brain regions was increased in adrenalectomized rats given ginseng saponin, compared to saline treated controls. This can be interpreted as a result of an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal sensitivity caused by ginseng saponin. This is in accord with traditional concepts of the use of these remedies. PMID- 7345917 TI - Effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 of Panax ginseng on mitosis in root tip cells of Allium cepa. AB - The effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 of Panax ginseng on mitosis in the onion root tip cells as well as on the rate of DNA synthesis in onion seedlings were studied. Results obtained from the concentration and time course study in bulb and seeding root tip cells indicate that Rg1 promotes and Rb1 inhibits mitosis, both being dose-dependent. The promoting effect of Rg1 on the rate of DNA synthesis was observed at the peak hour which occurs at the same time as that of the control. Rb1 was found to shift the peak hour of DNA synthesis to a later period of the experiment. These results are in agreement with the results obtained from the study of the cell cycle by pulse labeling and autoradiography, which show that Rg1 shortens the mitotic cell cycle and S period while Rb1 lengthens them. They in turn increase and decrease the mitotic indices respectively. PMID- 7345918 TI - Oriental medicine: a computerized study of complex recipes and their components: herbs most frequently used in traditional Japanese and Korean medicine. AB - The investigated plants were processed in a computer to calculate their respective frequency of utilization in the traditional medicine of Japan and Korea. Each plant was characterized by means of certain quantitative indices (frequency-, pharmacological-, therapeutic-, and cumulative indices). Out of 663 species included in 558 prescriptions, a few "elite" groups were selected which constitute a total of 92 herbs. PMID- 7345919 TI - Serotoninergic mechanisms of the hypothermia induced by clerodenron fragrans (Ventenaceae) in the rat. AB - The effects of the Chinese herb Chou-Mou-Li, clerodenron fragrans (Ventenaceae) on metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor activities as well as body temperature were assessed in conscious rats at three different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 8, 22 and 30 degrees C. Intraperitoneal administration of Chou-Mou-li produced dose-dependent hypothermia in rats at both 8 and 22 degrees C Ta- At 8 degrees C Ta the hypothermia in response to Chou-Mou-Li was due to decreased metabolism, while at 22 degrees C Ta the hypothermia was due to both decreased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilatation. There was no change in respiratory evaporative heat loss. Furthermore, the hypothermia induced by Chou-Mou-Li was greatly antagonized by pretreatment of animals with p-chlorophenylalanine (a selective depletor of brain serotonin), but not by either atropine sulfate (a selective blocker of cholinergic receptors), regitine (a selective blocker of alpha-adrenergic receptors) or DL-propranolol (a selective blocker of beta-adrenergic receptors). However, at 30 degrees C Ta, systemic administration of Chou-Mou-Li produced no change in rectal temperature or other thermoregulatory responses. On the other hand, direct administration of serotonin into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats also produced dose-dependent hypothermia at 8 and 22 degrees C Ta. Again, the hypothermia in response to serotonin was due to decreased metabolism at 8 degrees C Ta and was due to both decreased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilatation at 22 degrees C Ta. At 30 degrees C Ta administration of serotonin also produced no change in thermoregulatory functions. The data indicate that Chou-Mou-Li produces hypothermia by increasing sensible heat loss and decreasing metabolic heat production, probably via the release of endogenous serotonin within brain. PMID- 7345920 TI - Light microscopic morphology of low resistance skin points in the guinea pig. AB - This study compares the light microscopic structure of low resistance skin points (LRSP) to high resistance skin points (HRSP) of the guinea pig, Previously, LRSP have been shown to coincide with acupuncture loci. Epidermal nuclei and dermal nuclei were counted at both LRSP and at control points or HRSP. In addition, hair follicles, blood vessels, and sebaceous nuclei were likewise quantitated. This data, collected in a blind manner, was then subjected to statistical analysis using a nested analysis of variance and a Student's "t" test. The former test indicated an increase in density of hair follicles at LRSP, while both demonstrated a decrease in dermal nuclei at LRSP. An interesting finding is that the epidermis at both LRSP and HRSP is indistinguishable at the light microscopic level. This was indicated by both statistical procedures. Finding of a Haarscheibe, an aggregation of Merkel cell-neurite complexes, only at HRSP tends to preclude its role as an acupuncture neurotransducer. Finally, there appeared to be no obvious qualitative differences between LRSP and HRSP observable at the light microscopic level. PMID- 7345921 TI - Role of the subsequently activated receptors in electro-acupuncture of the rat. AB - Role of the subsequently excited receptors elicited by tetanic muscular contraction in electro-acupuncture analgesia was examined. Conditioning stimulation of the nerve (CPN) as well as electro-acupuncture induced a significant delay of the tail flick latencies of the rat with weak intensity of stimulus (1.0-1.5 x DFT), and this effect was abolished after section of the nerve at a point distal to the stimulating electrode. Electrophysiological data indicate that a small amplitude of the A large fiber group's potential was recorded with the intensity range of 1.0-1.5 x DFT. These facts suggest that the analgesic effect induced by weak stimulation is not the result of direct excitation of afferent fibers but the result of subsequent activation of receptors provoked by tetanic muscular contraction. The possible receptors are proposed and their participation in acupuncture analgesia also discussed. CPn = the common peroneal nerve; DFT = dorsal flexion threshold (1.0 x DFT = 1.15 x Ta). PMID- 7345922 TI - Acupuncture analgesia for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a Lagos experience. AB - Acupuncture analgesia was employed as a therapeutic modality for upper gastro intestinal tract (G.I.T) endoscopy in 18 adult Nigerians. The overall success rate was 88.2%. This correlates with the finding with conventional chemical analgesia (such as topical analgesia, diazepam and /or pethidine injection) without the added complications. The main advantage of acupuncture analgesia in G.I.T. endoscopy is the ease of cricopharyngeal sphincter intubation. PMID- 7345923 TI - A method of electro-acupuncture treatment for equine intestinal impaction. AB - A method of electro-acupuncture for treatment of intestinal impaction of the horse was reported. The unique technique of the treatment includes deep needle insertion and the "triple tetanic treatment." Possible mechanism of this form of treatment was discussed. PMID- 7345924 TI - Development in education in occupational medicine in the United Kingdom. AB - Postgraduate medical education in the United Kingdom has changed. Now, five years of undergraduate training merely prepare a doctor for postgraduate training, whatever his specialty will be. After undergraduate training (and a year in hospital) all doctors do three years General Professional Training followed by some four years Higher Specialist Training. Occupational physicians do the same General Professional Training as physicians or primary care general practitioners. Their Higher Specialist Training lasts four years and is based on supervised practical experience in the factory or other place of work. After the first two years of this they take an examination covering the broad field of occupational medicine (AFOM). After the next two years of supervised practical experience the doctor has to present evidence of special study and can then become specialist (MFOM). In the U.K. about 70% of occupational physicians work part time. Their supervised practical experience is therefore spread over a long period. Many stop at the AFOM. If, later in their career, they change to full time in occupational medicine, they can proceed to the specialist qualification (MFOM). Most part-timers do other work and therefore cannot go away to one of the few universities that provide courses for the AFOM. Those who live near one of the few universities can go on day release. A "distance teaching" project has been started to take teaching material on occupational medicine such as audio tapes, tape slides, and video tapes to these doctor. It will be supplemented by local seminars and short courses at universities. PMID- 7345925 TI - Mortality and cancer morbidity among workers in the rubber tire industry. AB - A retrospective follow-up study was conducted to evaluate mortality and cancer incidence between 1954 and 1976 among 1,792 white male production workers employed for at least 2 years at a tire manufacturing plant. There were no marked excesses in overall or site-specific cancer deaths or incident cases. Compared to U.S. white males, men employed for at least 10 years experienced small increases in deaths from cancers of the large intestine, pancreas, and lung. Results obtained by comparing observed incident cancer cases to the numbers expected based on age- and calendar time-specific incidence rates of Connecticut males also suggested excesses of these three malignancies. These findings were based on small numbers and therefore do not necessarily indicate causal associations between cancer excesses and employment in the rubber tire industry. However, because the workers studied comprised a relatively young population that may not have experienced the full impact of carcinogenic occupational exposures, further follow-up is warranted. PMID- 7345926 TI - Leukemia in benzene workers. AB - To evaluate the possible association between occupational exposure to benzene and subsequent death from leukemia, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of workers who had been exposed to benzene in the manufacture of rubber hydrochloride at two locations in Ohio. Ascertainment of vital status was accomplished for 98% of the cohort. Among 748 workers who had at least one day of exposure to benzene between 1940 and 1950, seven deaths from leukemia occurred; from United States death rates standardized for sex, age, and calendar time period, only 1.25 leukemia deaths would have been expected (standardized mortality ratio = 560; p less than 0.001). Mean duration of exposure to benzene was brief, and 437 (58%) of the cohort were exposed for less than 1 year. Evaluation of leukemia mortality for those workers exposed five or more years showed an SMR of 2100. All leukemia deaths were myelocytic or monocytic in cell type. Four additional cases of leukemia have been reorganized in workers at the study locations, but occurred in persons not encompassed by the strict definition of the cohort. Reconstruction of past exposures to benzene at the two locations indicates that in some areas of the plant airborne benzene concentrations rose occasionally to several hundred parts per million (ppm), but that for the most part, employee eight-hour time weighted averages (TWA) fell within the limits considered permissible at the time of exposure. These data corroborate an initial analysis of the same cohort by Infante et al, and indicate that benzene is a human carcinogen at a range of exposures not greatly above the current legal standard. PMID- 7345928 TI - Occupational safety and health: the years ahead. PMID- 7345927 TI - An integrative index of biological effects of lead. AB - Biological indicators of lead effects on the central nervous system (as measured by performance tests), hematogenous bone marrow (hemoglobin levels) and kidney function (BUN Levels) can be combined in an integrative index (INDEX). This integrative index can be in turn related to indicators of lead exposure and absorption. Such an index was calculated by removing age effects in measures of performance and kidney function and then transforming all the variables to Z (standard) units. Secondary lead smelter workers and a control group were studied. In secondary lead smelter workers this INDEX was found to be significantly correlated with ZPP, blood lead levels, and duration of lead exposure. In this population the magnitude of the correlation coefficients with ZPP levels was much higher than than for blood lead levels. INDEX had a higher correlation with ZPP than with each of its components: performance test scores, hemoglobin, and BUN levels. Although performance test scores, hemoglobin, and BUN levels were shown to discriminate between the control, non-lead-exposed population, and the lead-exposed group, INDEX (and particularly one pair of its components, CNS and hemoglobin levels) achieved the best discrimination between groups. The concept of an integrative index of biological effects of lead may be especially useful in defining populations at high risk for developing chronic, potentially irreversible neurologic and kidney dysfunction, and in assessing the severity of lead effects in individual cases. PMID- 7345929 TI - Long-term occupational lead exposure, chronic nephropathy, and renal cancer: a case report. AB - The case of a 61-year-old male with repeated episodes of overt clinical lead poisoning and courses of chelation therapy during his 34 years of employment in a secondary lead smelter is presented. Renal function impairment with elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and with markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate was detected several years before the discovery of a clear cell adenocarcinoma of the right kidney. After successful surgical removal of the tumor, the patient's renal function continued its previous trend of slow deterioration. PMID- 7345930 TI - Cigarette smoking does not produce or enhance the radiologic appearance of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7345931 TI - Reaction time of industrial workers exposed to organic solvents: relationship to degree of exposure and psychological performance. AB - Auditory reaction time (RT) was examined on a day free from work and on a working day in 54 workers exposed to organic solvents and in 28 unexposed workers. Medical and occupational history was recorded and neurological examination and psychological testing carried out to establish quantitative parameters of exposure and cerebral function. There was a wider 95% range of the RT in the exposed group compared to the control group on the working day and a tendency in the same direction on the day free from work. There was no difference in the means of the RT, or within the groups between the examinations on the two days. The increased RT 95% range is interpreted as indicating an impaired ability in the exposed workers to maintain their attention during the experimental period, owing to chronic exposure of organic solvents. RT measurements did not correlate with exposure or psychological performance. RT would seem to be a means of measuring subclinical effects of exposure to organic solvents. PMID- 7345932 TI - Life span and organ pathology in rats after life-long noise exposure. AB - The role of ambient sound level in longevity, cause of death, and incidence of disease was investigated in rats. Two hundred twenty-seven rats (154 Sprague Dawley (N), 73 spontaneously hypertensive Wistar (SH)), were housed in three sound isolated boxes and subjected to controlled acoustic milieus from approximately three months of age until their natural death. Thirty-nine of the N rats were kept as external controls in a regular animal room. In one of the boxes, no noise was introduced (control). In the other two, the rats were exposed, respectively, to a frequency-modulated, chopped noise with an equivalent level of 80 dB Leq and 100 dB Leq, ten hours daily. It was found that the SH animals had a shorter life span and a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than the N rats but a lower rate of malignant tumors. No measurable effects on life span or total incidence of disease were seen. Minor differences in incidence of various disease entities were observed but were not consistent across groups. The results do not support the hypothesis that physical sound environment represents a significant cause of somatic disease. PMID- 7345933 TI - Worker training and education in occupational safety and health: a report on practice in six industrialized Western nations. PMID- 7345934 TI - The "we" generation. PMID- 7345935 TI - Symposium on narcissism: differing psychoanalytic perspectives. Introduction and comments on observational duality. PMID- 7345936 TI - Self-psychology illustrated on the issue of moral masochism: clinical implications. PMID- 7345937 TI - Otto Kernberg's concepts about narcissism. PMID- 7345938 TI - Heinz Kohut's theory of narcissism. PMID- 7345939 TI - The self-psychologies of Heinz Kohut and Karen Horney: a comparative examination. PMID- 7345940 TI - Horney theory and narcissism. PMID- 7345941 TI - Narcissus revisited: a venture outside of the intrapsychic. PMID- 7345942 TI - Scope and analysis of the "Guidelines for identifying therapeutic modalities.". PMID- 7345943 TI - [Epidemiologic and public health study of atypical food poisoning by denatured rapeseed oil]. PMID- 7345944 TI - [The current epidemic toxic syndrome of dietary origin]. PMID- 7345945 TI - [Pathological anatomy of the so-called toxic syndrome]. PMID- 7345946 TI - [Evolution, clinical aspects, treatment of poisoning by denatured rapeseed oil]. PMID- 7345947 TI - [Balneologic cure in chondro-articular aging]. PMID- 7345948 TI - [Treatment of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7345949 TI - [Achalasia. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7345950 TI - [Reactions of the lymph nodes in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7345951 TI - [Pharmacodynamic properties of the optical isomers of 2-N(theophyllinyl-7 1 acetyl)aminobutanol and their chloro derivatives]. PMID- 7345952 TI - [Doxycycline pharmacokinetics in chronic kidney failure patients treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 7345953 TI - [Effect of the ultraviolet irradiation of rabbits on plasma proteins in the inflammatory process]. PMID- 7345954 TI - [Effect of sociomedical factors on the state of dentition in preschool children from a rural area of Szczecin Province]. PMID- 7345955 TI - [Evaluation of the dental care for pregnant women based on a study of the health status of the masticatory apparatus and on the health education level of parturients]. PMID- 7345956 TI - [Antiperistaltic segment after colectomy in rats]. PMID- 7345957 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the bile acid level in obese patients treated with a zero diet]. PMID- 7345958 TI - [Intracranial posttraumatic epidural and subdural hematomas and their surgical treatment based on the author's own data]. PMID- 7345959 TI - [Attempt to assess the efficacy of intracranial volumetric compensation taking into account the intracranial pressure instability index in patients after closed craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7345960 TI - [Effect of protracted exposure to fluorine compounds on the nasal mucosa of chemical plant workers]. PMID- 7345961 TI - [Effect of epidural anesthesia on the course of labor]. PMID- 7345962 TI - Measurements of environmental radiation exposure dose rates at selected sites in Brazil. AB - Two types of portable instruments were developed by the former Health and Safety Laboratory of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to characterize external gamma radiation fields and to estimate individual exposure dose rates from major natural or fission radionuclides distributed in the soil: a pressurized ionization chamber and a NaI(T1) gamma-ray spectrometer. The two instruments were used to measure environmental radiation exposure rates at three distinct geological areas of Brazil: - in the towns of Guarapari and Meaipe located on the monazite sand belt, ES. - on the vicinities of the uranium mine of Pocos de Caldas, MG. - around the site of the Brazilian first nuclear power plant, in Angra dos Reis, RJ. The radiometric survey demonstrated once more the usefulness and versatility of the two instruments used. The measurements around the nuclear installations of Pocos de Caldas and Angra dos Reis, allowed a rapid assessment of the local radiation background and its variability, as well as the selection of stations for the routine monitoring program. Radioactive anomalies were detected and characterized previously to the start of plant operations. The survey in Guarapari and Meaipe confirmed the results obtained by Roser and Cullen in 1958 and 1962, except on sites where considerable changes took place since then. The spectrometric measurements gave estimations of the relative proportion of 40K, 238U and 232Th series in the ground and also indications on the homogeneity of their distribution in the soil. PMID- 7345964 TI - [2d French Congress of Endocrinology. Abstracts of presentations. Paris, 24, 25, 26 September 1981]. PMID- 7345963 TI - Synergistic effect of chlorpromazine and alkanals on the human red blood cells. AB - The hemolysis of human red cells in the presence of chlorpromazine and 2 methylpropanal, or propanal, has been studied by a spectrophotometric method. A strong synergistic effect was observed concomitant to the quenching of photon emission. The synergistic effect is consistent with the view that triplet excited species generated from a hemoprotein-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aldehydes promotes "in situ" the photooxidation of chlorpromazine leading to products which have shown hemolytic effects. This view is supported by protection, albeit weak, offered by energy acceptors such as eosin and the 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2 sulfonate ion. PMID- 7345965 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration (F.N.A.) of thyroid cold nodules (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study of 100 patients operated on between 1974 and 1979 in our institution for thyroid cold nodules, an 8% incidence of thyroid cancer was found at surgery. Since 1979, F.N.A. was performed in 160 patients with thyroid cold nodules. Adequate cytological material was aspirated in 90% (144) of the cases; of those, a benign cytological lesion was diagnosed in 128 (89%) and suspicion of cancer in 16 (11%). To date fifty-one patients were operated: 41 with benign cytology and 10 with cancer suspicion; benignity was confirmed in 39/41 cases with benign cytology and malignity in 5/10 with suspect cytology. In conclusion, clinical diagnosis of thyroid cold nodules is greatly improved by the use of F.N.A. Despite the limitations of the technique, preoperative suspicion of cancer was increased 7-fold. Caution is recommended in the follow-up cases with benign cytology since, in these preliminary results, 2 false-negatives were found. PMID- 7345966 TI - The incidence of positive oestrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer of Greek women. AB - Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were determined in breast tumours of 80 Greek women. Oestrogen-positive receptors were found in 84.6% of the pre (n = 39) and 85.4% of the postmenopausal (n = 41) patients while progesterone-positive receptors were found in 71.8% of these women respectively. In combination, 69.2% of the pre-menopausal had both receptors detectable, 15.4% had oestrogen-positive and progesterone-negative and 2.6% had oestrogen negative and progesterone positive while 12.8 had no detectable receptors. This incidence in postmenopausal women was 51.2, 34.2, 0.0, 14.6% respectively. The ratio of progesterone to oestradiol receptor concentration was 7.6 in the pre- and 1.7 in the postmenopausal group (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, the incidence of positive receptors in Greek women with breast cancer is similar to that of other Western populations. PMID- 7345967 TI - Effect of a new bifunctional nitrosoureido derivative on human colorectal tumor xenografts. AB - The tumor inhibiting effect of a newly developed bifunctional nitrosoureido derivative (GYKI-13324) was studied on human colorectal tumor xenograft lines. Given orally in single or multiple daily doses, GYKI-13324 produced long-term or total regression of adenomatous, but only marginal growth delay of mucinous tumors. GYKI-13324, with slightly lower toxicity than that of BCNU, seems to be a candidate in the clinical management of colorectal tumors. PMID- 7345968 TI - The fine structure of the isomorphic oligodendroglioma. AB - The fine structure of 26 isomorphic oligodendrogliomas excised from various areas of the Central Nervous System is described. These tumors are composed mainly of three types of cells: (a) those with large round or ovoid nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, (b) those with abundant cytoplasm, very rich in organelles and (c) cells very fibrillated with long cellular processes. The cytoplasm of the second cell type sometimes included crystalline bodies, numerous microtubules, myelin like membranous structures and a large number of elongated mitochondria. The cells with the very fibrillated cytoplasm are eigher astrocytes intermixed with the neoplastic cells of the oligodendrocytic line or an astrocytic-like cellular evolution of the immature neoplastic cell of the oligodendrocytic line. Ultrastructural analysis provided evidence that isomorphic oligodendroglioma is not as homogeneous as was considered to be at the light microscopy level. PMID- 7345969 TI - Tumorigenesis with 1,1-diallylhydrazine in mice. AB - 1,1-Diallylhydrazine was administered as a 0.03125% solution in drinking water for life to Swiss mice, from 6 weeks of age. Compared to untreated controls, in treated animals the lung tumor incidence rose from 25 to 76% in females and from 26 to 76% in males, whereas the incidence of forestomach tumors increased from 4 to 14% in females and from 0 to 34% in males. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lungs and squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach. This work is part of our structure activity inquiry and demonstrates the relative carcinogenic potency of another disubstituted allylhydrazine. PMID- 7345970 TI - Cytotoxicity of L-canavanine in vitro. AB - Cytotoxicity of L-canavanive, a structural analogue of L-arginine, was tested by means of (1) inhibition of DNA synthesis in Balb/c-3T3 cell line and (2) inhibition of mitosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture. The cytostatic nature of inhibition caused by L-canavanine was indicated by the complete recovery of cells after withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 7345971 TI - Morphology of nasal cavity neoplasms in F344 rats after chronic feeding of p cresidine, and intermediate of dyes and pigments. AB - p-Cresidine was administered in the feed at either of two concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 percent) to groups of 50 male and 50 female F344 rats for 104 weeks. Fifty animals of each sex were placed on test as controls and fed only the basic laboratory diet. All animals were observed for up to 2 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. In treated rats of both sexes, statistically significant numbers of adenomas, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed in the nasal cavity. Most of the neoplasms were seen in the high dose male and female rats. 22 male rats (49%) showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas infiltrating the skull and brain. Only two male rats (4%) had a squamous cell carcinoma, whereas 8 female rats (17%) had squamous cell carcinomas and 14 female rats (30%) were diagnosed as having adenocarcinomas of the nasal cavity. In the 4 neoplasms studied ultrastructurally, features characteristic of adenocarcinomas were identified. Cells were arranged around central lumina lined with microvilli. The luminal edges of cells were linked together by junctional complexes. Cytoplasmic differentiation was generally poor, with ribosomes and polyribosomes being the predominant organelles. Neurogenic features were rare and difficult to identify due to unsatisfactory fixation. In one of the tumors, areas of squamous differentiation were found. The cells constituting such areas contained prominent bundles of tonofilaments which are characteristic of early squamous metaplasia. PMID- 7345972 TI - Plasma levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in women with breast cancer. AB - 24-hour mean plasma levels of T3 and T4 were compared in 29 rigorously selected breast cancer patients (all stages) and 27 healthy women, and 8 A.M. "spot" plasma T4 levels were compared in 43 consecutive unselected breast cancer patients (all stages), 22 women with other-than-breast cancer, 21 women with miscellaneous non-cancerous illnesses, and the same 27 healthy women. The 24-hour T3 levels were the same in the breast cancer patients and healthy controls, but the 24-hour T4 levels were significantly higher in the cancer patients (7.7 vs 5.8 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.001); equal elevations were present in all stages of cancer. Spot T4 levels were likewise significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than in the healthy controls (8.8 vs 7.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.005). The women with other-than-breast cancer and the women with miscellaneous non-cancerous illnesses also showed significant elevations of spot T4 levels, indistinguishable from those of the breast cancer patients. It is concluded that breast cancer patients as a group show significant hyperthyroxinemia and that this finding may represent a second nonspecific abnormality of thyroid hormones in disease, hypotriiodothyroninemia (low-T3 syndrome) being the first. PMID- 7345973 TI - Subnormal 24-hour mean concentration and abnormal 24-hour profile of plasma LH in the luteal phase in women with breast cancer. PMID- 7345974 TI - [Isolation of A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) influenza viruses in Parma (Italy) during 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345975 TI - ["In vitro" microbiological activity of tinidazole compared to 64 anaerobic bacterial strains recently isolated (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345976 TI - [The immunoglobulins in pertussis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345977 TI - [Influenza surveillance in Rome (1979-1980) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345978 TI - [Anti-rubella antibodies in neapolitan females. Correlation with age and work (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345979 TI - [Human vaccination against rabies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345980 TI - [Isolation of "Toxoplasma gondii" from saliva of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7345981 TI - Type 6A pneumococcus resistant to lincomycin and tetracycline, and highly resistant to erythromycin. PMID- 7345982 TI - Changes in posture and reflex movements due to kainic acid lesions of the inferior olive. PMID- 7345984 TI - Effects of kainic acid lesions of lateral reticular nucleus on posture and reflex movements. PMID- 7345983 TI - Relative contribution of mossy and climbing fiber pathways to the postural and motor deficits produced by neck deafferentation. PMID- 7345985 TI - Metabolic effects of sinusoidal roll tilt on the inferior olive or cat. PMID- 7345986 TI - Processes in naming Stroop-stimuli: an analysis with word repetition effects. PMID- 7345987 TI - Individual and situational characteristics as determinants of delay of gratification. PMID- 7345988 TI - Dimensions of future time orientation in test anxious individuals. PMID- 7345989 TI - [Demand and over-demand. A statement on the diagnosis of stress and strain processes]. PMID- 7345990 TI - Fast arousal changes enhanced by alpha biofeedback and their personal evaluations. PMID- 7345991 TI - A new highly sensitive DC-amplifier for steady biopotential recording. PMID- 7345992 TI - [Computerized tomography in the study of the lumbar spine (preliminary observations in patients operated on for disk hernia)]. PMID- 7345993 TI - [Movement of H2O through the pores of articular cartilage under load, with reference to the mechanism of lubrication of the joints]. PMID- 7345994 TI - [Hypothesis of distribution of stresses in the bone-muscle-tendon-ligament system considered as a variable geometry system]. PMID- 7345995 TI - [The electrospinogram in the rabbit: normative data and acute lesions]. PMID- 7345996 TI - [Further experience in the therapy of juvenile osseous cyst using triamcinolone acetonide]. PMID- 7345997 TI - [Intramedullary pressure changes before and after intertrochanteric osteotomy in patients with arthroses of the hip]. PMID- 7345998 TI - [Biomechanical analysis of the spinal brace system in idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 7345999 TI - [The use of echographic findings in the localization of the aorto-iliac bifurcation for a surgical approach to the lumbo-sacral passage]. PMID- 7346000 TI - [Implantation of a semilunar prosthesis in inveterate perilunar trans-scaphoid dislocation of the wrist]. PMID- 7346002 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of articular pigmented villo-nodular synovitis]. PMID- 7346001 TI - [The importance of immunological monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 7346003 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the synovial membrane in Reiter's disease]. PMID- 7346004 TI - [Articular synovial chondromatosis]. PMID- 7346005 TI - [McMurray's osteotomy in the therapy of secondary arthrosis of the hip (study of 180 operated cases)]. PMID- 7346006 TI - [Pseudotumoral hyperplastic bone callus in osteopsathyrosis (description of a case)]. PMID- 7346007 TI - [Hyperplastic ossifications of the hand (study of 13 cases)]. PMID- 7346008 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of skeletal chondrosarcoma (critical review of 32 cases)]. PMID- 7346009 TI - [Vertebral neurinomas]. PMID- 7346010 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. Pathogenesis and therapy]. PMID- 7346011 TI - [Fractures of the distal epiphysis of the tibia]. PMID- 7346012 TI - [Therapy of complex and comminuted fractures of the distal 3d of the femur]. PMID- 7346013 TI - [Osteochondrosis dissecans of the knee in juveniles]. PMID- 7346014 TI - [Subtrochanteric fractures. Considerations on treatment methods]. PMID- 7346015 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the patella with screws]. PMID- 7346016 TI - [2-year review of medial fractures of the femur neck treated with Moore's endoprosthesis]. PMID- 7346017 TI - [Femoral neck fractures in young adults (review of 29 cases)]. PMID- 7346018 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the trochanteric region with Ender nails (technical notes and results)]. PMID- 7346019 TI - [Atypical applications of osteosynthesis with Ender nails]. PMID- 7346020 TI - [Fractures of the tibial plateau (case studies)]. PMID- 7346021 TI - [A case of tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by neurinoma of the medial plantar nerve]. PMID- 7346022 TI - [A case of plasmocytoma treated with local injection of methylprednisolone acetate]. PMID- 7346023 TI - [An atypical case of pan-skeletal metastases (in a patient with cancer of the prostate)]. PMID- 7346024 TI - [Experience of a sojourn of study with Dr. William H. Harris at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston]. PMID- 7346025 TI - [Technical improvement of the electrical operating table for the use of the brilliance amplifier and for vertebral surgery]. PMID- 7346026 TI - [Analysis of the symptomatological findings after sacculo-radiculography with Dimer-X (clinico-statistical study of 100 consecutive cases]. PMID- 7346027 TI - [Further observations on the topical effect of methylprednisolone acetate in microcrystals in skeletal lesions (observations after 5 years)]. PMID- 7346028 TI - [Theoretical possibilities of estimating the harmful effects of various chemicals on living organisms]. PMID- 7346029 TI - The response of mammalian cells in the plateau phase to treatment with manganese. PMID- 7346030 TI - [Determination of paraquat in biological material]. PMID- 7346031 TI - [Accidental poisoning in pediatric practice (5-year analytical study)]. PMID- 7346032 TI - [Organophosphorus compound poisoning treated at the departments of neuropsychiatry and internal medicine in Senta from 1968 to 1978]. PMID- 7346033 TI - [The intensive care unit and the anesthesia-resuscitation approach to treating acute poisoning]. PMID- 7346034 TI - [Factors affecting the elimination of poisons in clinical conditions]. PMID- 7346035 TI - [Epidemiological study of EPH (edema - proteinuria - hypertension) gestosis 1970 1978. II. Perinatal results]. PMID- 7346036 TI - [Fetal risk in breech delivery]. PMID- 7346037 TI - [Premature birth. Clinico-statistical studies 1970-1979]. PMID- 7346038 TI - [Pregnancy in the malformed uterus. 5 years' experience]. PMID- 7346039 TI - Neutralization antibody responses induced by Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine. AB - Single doses of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine of the Nakayama strain were given to members of the staffs of a hospital and 99 paired-sera were obtained. Neutralization antibody titers of the sera were determined against the Nakayama strain and E-50 strain, isolated from wild Culex tritaeniorhynchus using clone C6/36 of Singh's Aedes albopictus mosquito cell culture. Post-vaccination sera showed a significant neutralizing antibody response against both the Nakayama and E-50 strain. The geometrical mean neutralization titers of post-vaccination sera against the Nakayama and E-50 strains were in the same order, although the geometrical mean neutralization titer against the Nakayama strain was the higher in pre-vaccination sera. The antibody responses against the Nakayama strain and E 50 strain were somewhat different in detail: 7 individuals with a pre-vaccination neutralization titers of less than 10 showed antibody responses to the Nakayama strain, whereas 3 individuals of the same group did not show any detectable response to the E-50 strain. PMID- 7346040 TI - Application of live attenuated measles and mumps vaccines in children with acute leukemia. AB - Eight children with acute leukemia in remission were immunized with live attenuated measles vaccine and 4 with mumps vaccine. Immunological examinations before vaccination showed that the numbers of white blood cells, percentages of lymphocytes, levels of immunoglobulins and responses to skin tests with DNCB, PPD, PHA and varicella antigen were within normal ranges in most of these children. Chemotherapy against leukemia was stopped for 2 weeks, from one week before to one week after vaccination. One child had a transient fever 10 days after measles vaccination, but no side reactions were observed in the others. Seroconversion was observed in all but one child who received measles vaccine, and neutralizing antibodies have persisted for at least 4 weeks and at most 3 years, when this study was terminated. PMID- 7346041 TI - Prevention of syngeneic tumor growth in vaccinia virus-primed mice by immunization with vaccinia virus-modulated tumor cells. AB - Immunization with vaccinia virus-infected and then X-ray-irradiated murine hepatoma MH134 cells provided C3H/He mice with strong resistance to challenge with viable MH134 cells. Male C3H/He mice of 5 to 6 weeks old were primed intraperitoneally (IP) with 1 x 10(7) PFU of live vaccinia virus (Ikeda strain) after irradiation with 250 R of X-ray. Three weeks after priming, the mice were immunized IP 3 times at weekly intervals with 1 x 10(7) X-ray-irradiated MH134 cells that had been infected with vaccinia virus 8 h before irradiation. Over 60% of these cells showed vaccinia virus-induced antigen on their surface (membrane antigen). Challenge with viable MH134 cells was done by inoculating 1 x 10(5) cells IP one week after immunization. During a 4-week observation period, all the untreated control mice died with ascites. On the contrary, all the mice that were X-ray-irradiated, primed and immunized survived challenge with the tumor cells for at least 4 weeks. The mortalities of mice in other groups that were not irradiated, or not primed, or immunized with only X-ray-irradiated tumor cells, were at lowest 50%. PMID- 7346042 TI - Nutritional myopathy in ducklings: a growth rate-dependent symptom of "tissue peroxidosis' due to a net nutritional shortage of vitamin E plus selenium in skeletal muscle. AB - Although low dietary vitamin E is an absolute prerequisite for the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in ducklings, it was found that the myopathy can be prevented if the vitamin E depletion does not start before 2 weeks of age and if the dietary selenium content is not too low (greater than 74 ppb). Under these circumstances growth remained normal and the animals stayed alive during the experimental period of 14 weeks, despite low levels of vitamin E in serum, liver, and muscle. The weekly growth rate of the nondeficient duckling, as derived from the growth curve, is extremely high during the first 2 weeks of age with a distinct peak during the 2nd week followed by a steep fall during the 3rd week. In vitamin E-deficient ducklings tissue vitamin E dilution curves were calculated by mathematic transformation of the growth curve. Th results suggest that a critical net nutritional shortage of vitamin E plus selenium in skeletal muscle causes myopathy in ducklings. It is proposed that nutritional myopathy should be considered as a symptom of "tissue peroxidosis' and not as a symptom of vitamin E deficiency per se. PMID- 7346043 TI - Septic and aseptic olecranon bursitis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Over a period of four years, seven of 110 maintenance hemodialysis patients developed olecranon bursitis. In all patients it appeared in the arm on which AV access was constructed but one patient also had bilateral bursitis. None of the patients gave a history of trauma or gout. Despite similar clinical presentation, culture of bursal aspirate demonstrated septic bursitis in two patients. (One diabetic, the other on steroids). Sustained pressure on the olecranon bursa during maintenance hemodialysis and/or milk trauma in the anticoagulated state may be responsible for the lesion. Infection can occur in susceptible individuals despite no visible skin infection. Local steroid instillation and patient education to avoid putting pressure on bursa during dialysis was effective therapy in the aseptic group. Multiple aspirations and antibiotics were necessary in the septic group. PMID- 7346044 TI - [Extracranial-intracranial bypass and "trapping" method in the treatment of a giant aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346045 TI - [Meso-caval silk taffeta graft shunts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346046 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of old ruptures of lateral ligament of the ankle joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346048 TI - Isonymy in two Punjabi isolates of India. AB - Inbreeding coefficients and effective migrants for the immigrant Punjabi Khattri and Arora of Delhi were estimated from isonymous marriages by five methods: sigma qm2, sigma qf2, sigma qm qf, sigma qm2+f and sigma Ie (pair). It was found that the method sigma qmqf gives better estimates as expected by the isonymy method -- sigma Ie (Pair). A higher estimate of the random inbreeding coefficient suggests that Arora is more inbred than Khattri. The lesser number of effective migrants observed for Aroras also points to their relatively isolated nature. The two groups however, behave as one broad endogamous-panmictic unit. PMID- 7346047 TI - Duffy, Kell and P blood group systems in some Jewish populations of Israel. AB - Duffy, Kell and P blood group systems were investigated in 977 Israeli Jews. Six groups deriving from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Yemen were compared. The greatest differences between the groups occurred with regard to the Duffy blood group system, where the Fy gene was found at great frequency (0.5879) in the Yemenite Jews, a middling frequency (from 0.1083 to 0.2191) in Jews from the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe, and a low frequency of the Fya gene decreased in the following order: East European greater than Central European greater than South European greater than North African greater than Middle Eastern greater than Yemenite group. The shortest genetic distance was found between the Middle Eastern group on the one hand and the Central European and North African groups on the other. The highest values in the genetic distances were observed between the Yemenite and the other groups. Insofar as the Kell and P gene frequencies are concerned, the compared groups were similar. Comparison of the phenotype distribution by the chi-square test showed statistically significant differences between the groups only with respect to the Duffy system. PMID- 7346049 TI - The relationship between total ridge-count, absolute ridge-count and pattern intensity index revisited. AB - Although several exhaustive studies are available for qualitative finger dermatoglyphics, our knowledge on quantitative aspects of finger dermatoglyphics is far from complete. In this paper, we have tried to explore the relationship between total ridge-count (TRC) and pattern intensity index (PII), and between absolute ridge-count (ARC) and PII in 1809 Koli males--a scheduled tribe of district Panchmahals, Gujarat. It has been observed that the linear regression between ARC and PII accounts for a larger part of variation than between TRC and PII. These results further strengthen the observations made by Basu and Namboodiri and Malhotra et al. that the relationship between ARC and PII might be different in different population groups. PMID- 7346050 TI - A comparative study of quantitative dermatoglyphics in depressive neurosis and manic-depressive psychosis. PMID- 7346051 TI - Dental caries in the deciduous teeth of the children from Gulbarga, Karnataka. AB - A cross-sectional dental examination of 1,560 randomly selected unrelated children of Gulbarga, Karnataka has shown about 30% of the children with deciduous teeth suffering from one or more carious teeth. The proportion of male children with df teeth was larger than female ones; the difference between the two being statistically significant (chi 12 = 8.0387). Its incidence was higher in children of low income group. Muslims (36.2%) were found to be affected more than Hindus (29.6%) and Christians (27.8%). An increase in the frequency of carious children was observed with the increasing age excepting the children aged 12 years and above who have shown a decreasing trend. In both the sexes mandibular teeth were found more susceptible than maxillary ones. No side difference was found in either jaw. Lower second molars were affected more, followed by lower first and upper second molars. Toothwise prevalence of caries by age showed no consistent trend either in maxilla or mandible. PMID- 7346052 TI - ABO blood groups in the Kaibarta, Ahom and the Wancho of North East India. PMID- 7346053 TI - Characterization of serum cholinesterase variants by kinetic analysis and isoelectric focusing. AB - Serum cholinesterase enzyme (E.C. 3.1.1.8) shows a considerable degree of genetically determined heterogeneity. In this communication we describe some kinetic properties of serum cholinesterase variants (Km and Vmax) from individuals predisposed to prolonged apneic periods after administration of the anesthetic, succinylcholine. Isoelectric focusing, in a narrow pH range (pH 4-6) of sera from normal and atypical phenotypes permitted the detection of differences in protein bands near the isoelectric pH of the enzyme. PMID- 7346054 TI - Terbium as a new probe to detect G+C content of DNA. AB - Tb3+ has been tested as a probe to determine G + C per cent composition of DNA. DAPI, a fluorescent dye specific for A + T bases, has been employed at the same time as a complementary probe. Using calf thymus DNA (G + C = 40%; A + T = 60%), it has been found that the binding of the two dyes is independent, and that one binding site every 12,5 nucleotides exists for Tb3+ and one binding site every 8.3 nucleotides for DAPI. The simultaneous use of Tb3+ and DAPI allows therefore the monitoring of A-T, G-C sequences. PMID- 7346055 TI - Effects of pyridoxine on hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase activity in rat during chronic ethanol administration. AB - Tryptophan pyrrolase activity has been assayed in crude liver homogenates prepared from rats submitted to chronic ethanol treatment. The results show that chronic ethanol treatment causes a marked reduction in the apoenzyme form of tryptophan pyrrolase. This reduction can be reversed by administration pyridoxine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg i.p. pro die for 8 days). Since chronic ethanol treatment increases cellular levels of NADH and NADPH which are known to inhibit tryptophan pyrrolase activity, it is suggested that the potentiating effect of pyridoxine might be due to the maintenance of normal ratios of cellular NAD+/NADH and BADP+/NADPH. In ethanol treated rats, pyridoxine was as effective as fructose, a regenerator of NAD+ and NADP+ in maintaining control levels of the apo-[tryptophan pyrrolase]. PMID- 7346056 TI - Fatty acid composition of mammary gland lipids of lactating and nonlactating buffaloes. AB - The fatty acid composition of total lipids, triglycerides, free fatty acid pool, esterified cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine of mammary tissue of lactating and nonlactating buffalo has been studied. The distribution of long chain triglycerides, free fatty acids free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol in nonlactating mammary tissue was 76.1,4.2,4 and 0.5 percent of total lipids respectively and in lactating mammary tissue it was 68.3, 1.2, 2.7 and 0.3 percent respectively. Short chain triglycerides constituting about 6.6% of total lipids and could be detected only in lactating mammary tissue. Among phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin constituted about 39.4, 21.5 and 15.6 percent respectively of total phospholipids in nonlactating tissue and 39.3, 22.6 and 10.7 percent respectively in lactating tissue. All the major fatty acids viz myristic, palmitic, stearic acid oleic were present in various lipid components of both lactating and nonlactating mammary tissue. Linoleic acid was present only in the lactating mammary tissue. Differences were observed in the distribution of fatty acids in lipid components of lactating and nonlactating mammary tissue. PMID- 7346057 TI - Utilization of labelled precursors for the synthesis of lipids by mammary tissue of lactating and nonlactating buffalo. PMID- 7346058 TI - Studies on the responses of the isolated rectum of domestic chick (Gallus domesticus) to drugs. AB - The responses of the isolated rectum of the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus) to some drugs have been investigated. The tissue was found to be qualitatively and quantitatively similar to conventional mammalian gastrointestinal smooth muscles in its responses to pharmacological agents, and serves as a useful isolated smooth muscle preparation for investigating drug actions and interactions. Acetylcholine and its natural or synthetic analogues induced atropine-sensitive contractions of the tissue, while noradrenaline and other sympathomimetic drugs examined caused phentolamine-sensitive relaxations. 5-hydroxytryptamine contracted the tissue preparation, while histamine evoked a biphasic action (either a contraction or a relaxation, or even both occurring together one after the other). Potassium or barium ions contracted the muscle while magnesium ions relaxed it. Nicotine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium showed no effects on the muscle. The pharmacological implications of these findings are discussed. The receptor types present on the muscle have been classified as muscarinic cholinoceptors; histamine H1-and H2receptors; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, and alpha-adrenoceptors respectively. PMID- 7346059 TI - Hypolipidemic activity of guggal resin (Commiphora mukul) and garlic (Alium sativum linn.) in dogs (Canis familiaris) and monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne). AB - 1. The identification of cholesterol as a constituent in the genesis of coronary artery disease in man and experimental animals are well documented. 2. The hypolipidemic effects of Commiphora mukul (guggulu) and Alium sativum (Garlic powder) were screened in dog and Presbytis monkeys. 3. Progressive decrease in the mean values of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were conspicuous for forty eight hours following the administration of guggulu/garlic powder. 4. 25 mg/kg body weight garlic powder was more effective in lowering the serum cholesterol and triglycerides as compared with that of guggulu. 5. A comparative hypolipidemic action of the two compounds is discussed. PMID- 7346060 TI - "In vivo", effectivity of codeine sulfate on the meiotic chromosomes of Saccobranchus fossilis. AB - Codeine sulfate which is obtained from opium or made by methylating morphine has been found to induce a number of anomalies in the meiotic chromosomes of S. fossilis. Feulgen technique was undertaken for experimental studies. At high doses abnormal metaphases, agglutination, achromatic lesions, some breaks and chromosomal scattering were evident. However, the frequency of abnormal metaphases was high amongst the rearrangements. The susceptibility of meiotic metaphase during peak period of breeding is indicative of inhibition in the division activity. PMID- 7346061 TI - Glycosaminoglycan levels in sera of patients with mental disorders. AB - A nonspecific increase in serum glycosaminoglycans was observed in mental conditions associated with psychosis, brain trauma and mania but not in depression. Significant elevations also occurred in alcoholics and epileptics. The role of glycosaminoglycans in relation to the blood-brain barrier and mental illness has been discussed. PMID- 7346062 TI - First Southern Biomedical Conference. Shreveport, Louisiana, June 7-8, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 7346063 TI - [Medical technology '81. Proceedings of the 15th annual meeting of the German Society for Biomedical Engineering with the Austrian and Swiss Societies for Biomedical Engineering. Abstracts]. PMID- 7346064 TI - In vivo enhancement of the experimental oncostatic effect of RFCNU by its encapsulation in liposomes. PMID- 7346065 TI - Pseudohypoglycemia in a patient with leukemia. PMID- 7346066 TI - Protective effect of levamisole on carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity. AB - It has been suggested that lipid peroxidation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity. In the present study, experimental liver injury induced by CCl4 could be prevented by levamisole, an antihelminthic agent and immunomodulator. Despite of exposure to CCl4 tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting substances in the liver were not increased in rats pretreated with levamisole. On the other hand, when we administered levamisole, 150 mg p. o. daily given on three consecutive days of each week, to six elderly patients with arteriosclerosis. They all showed a significant decrease in serum TBA reactive substances during the 12 weeks of therapy. This provides evidence that levamisole prevents liver damage by CCl4, and indicate the possibility that levamisole might have an antioxidative effect or may prevent the accumulation of TBA reactive substances. PMID- 7346067 TI - Ganglioside content and pattern in tumor tissue of human neuroblastomas. AB - The ganglioside content and composition in human neuroblastomas was examined. The densitometric pattern corresponding to the thin-layer chromatography of gangliosides showed no major differences compared to normal brain in the GT area, and variable modifications for GM1 and GD3. The most striking and common features resided in the area corresponding to the disialogangliosides for which is was clear that existed a far more complex pattern than normal human brain. PMID- 7346068 TI - Effect of salbutamol, a putative cerebral beta agonist on sleep stages and interictal epileptic discharges. AB - The effects of Salbutamol 1.5 mg in 250 ml dextrose solution was tested on 14 epileptic patients following a double blind cross-over design. Sleep parameters and interictal paroxysmal activities density were measured. No seizures were encountered during the experiment. No modification of either sleep parameters (duration of sleep stages, latency of sleep and paradoxical sleep, duration of sleep cycles and awaking) or density of P. A. during waking state, on stage I, II, III and IV and paradoxical sleep were observed. In other respects, 5 patients had no P. A. during polygraphic sessions. They exhibited a longer duration of paradoxical sleep and a shorter duration of awaking than the 9 other patients with P. A. So with the dosage used here no implication of central beta adrenoceptors in sleep mechanisms and production of epileptic activity are suggested. PMID- 7346069 TI - [Alveolar macrophages in asthmatic patients: study of their phagocytic function]. AB - Alveolar macrophages (AM) form the first line of defense against aggression in the lungs. The goal of the present study was to evaluate AM phagocytic function in two types of asthmatic patients: allergic asthma (14 patients) and asthma following ingestion of aspirin (6 patients). Macrophages obtained from bronchiolo alveolar washings were isolated as a result of their adherence to glass and cultured for 24 hours. The results show that AM viability and phagocytosis of zymosan are reduced in the asthmatic patient. Decreased viability in patients sensitive to aspirin may be the result of alveolar eosinophilia, a quasiconstant finding in asthmatics. Although impaired phagocytosis of zymosan may be explained by the presence of surface IgE on AM of the allergic asthma patient, this is not the case for the aspirin sensitive patient. PMID- 7346071 TI - Characterization of a major natural killer activity in rat lungs. AB - A high level of antitumoral cytotoxicity was observed in the lymphoid population extracted by perfusion from lung capillaries. The in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells was demonstrated with the murine lymphoma YAC-1 cells or with the syngeneic P 77 rat lung fibrohistiocytoma cells. It was demonstrated that this cytotoxic activity had the characteristics of natural killer activity. At the same effector to target ratio the efficiency of this population was higher than in blood or spleen. Since the total number of lymphoid cells arrested in the capillary of the lungs is very high the lungs seemed an immunologically privileged site. A close relationship was observed between this activity in vitro and the rapid elimination in vivo of same tumor cells trapped in lungs (more than 99% after 24 hours). PMID- 7346070 TI - Decreased phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in type-1 diabetes. AB - Leucocyte-mediated phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were tested in 48 children with type-1 diabetes and in 22 healthy children. Both phagocytosis and ADCC for opsonized 51Cr-erythrocytes significantly decreased in the diabetics. Phagocytosis decreased in well and in poorly balanced diabetics, but the latter, having type-1 diabetes for less than 5 years, exhibited a lower phagocytic capacity than the patients with a longer duration of disease. The decrease of ADCC in poorly balanced patients was greater than in the well balanced ones as compared to the controls. The duration of diabetes was without influence on their leucocytes' ADCC. PMID- 7346072 TI - Fluorimetric detection of different structures induced by concentration changes of alkaline and alkaline-earth counterions on covalently closed DNA. PMID- 7346073 TI - Reactivation of folate-binding protein from cow's milk, purified by affinity chromatography in the presence of lecithin and other surfactants. PMID- 7346074 TI - Studies on the meat production potential of the indigenous fowl of Nigeria: 1. The effect of dietary protein and energy on performance to broiler age. PMID- 7346075 TI - Some factors affecting birth weights of cattle in Kiboko, Kenya. PMID- 7346076 TI - Discrocoeliasis in ovine hepatopathy: a case report. PMID- 7346077 TI - The infestation of sheep and goats with lice in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7346078 TI - Fatal toxoplasmosis in a tree hyrax (dendrohyrax arboreus). PMID- 7346079 TI - Health status of birds on commercial poultry farms in Nigeria. PMID- 7346080 TI - Enzootic pneumonia of pigs: a review. PMID- 7346081 TI - Prevention of acute haemonchosis in lambs in the rainy season in northern Nigeria. PMID- 7346082 TI - [Lasers in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7346083 TI - [Treatment of recurrent pterygium using a bridling thread and limitation of eye ball movement]. PMID- 7346084 TI - [Type II fucosidosis. Ultrastructural study of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 7346085 TI - [Morphologic study of the conjunctiva in dialysis patients]. PMID- 7346086 TI - [Ligneous conjunctivitis (chronic pseudo-membranous conjunctivitis)]. PMID- 7346087 TI - [Participation of the conjunctiva in syndromes of the 1st and 2nd branchial arch]. PMID- 7346088 TI - [Timolol and lacrimal function]. PMID- 7346089 TI - [Melanomas of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 7346090 TI - [What can be expected from current histologic criteria of Clark and McGovern concerning malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva?]. PMID- 7346091 TI - [Clinical examination and semiologic value of the superficial lacrimal lipid film]. PMID- 7346092 TI - [Microanalytic study of deposits in the anterior segment from permanent wear of contact lenses in aphakic patients. Initial results]. PMID- 7346093 TI - [Amyloidosis of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 7346094 TI - [Use of a viscous substance (Healon) in spatial tactics of the anterior segment]. PMID- 7346095 TI - [Conjunctival manifestations in Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7346096 TI - [Disorders of binocular vision in changes in phospho-calcium metabolism]. PMID- 7346097 TI - [The anesthesia sign and the muscular elongation test in primary exotropias]. PMID- 7346098 TI - [Approach to differentiated surgery of primary divergent strabismus]. PMID- 7346099 TI - [Zinc sulfate treatment of toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies]. PMID- 7346100 TI - [Toxoplasmic retino-choroiditis]. PMID- 7346101 TI - [Intraocular myiasis caused by Hypodermatidae]. PMID- 7346102 TI - [Various aspects of parasitic ocular allergy: clinical course and treatment]. PMID- 7346103 TI - [Is macular hemorrhagic choroidopathy transmissible?]. PMID- 7346104 TI - [Recession of the levator muscle using interposition of a scleral transplant in surgery of palpebral retractions]. PMID- 7346105 TI - [Value of A,B,D and CV echography with memory in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7346106 TI - [Test for induction of the pupillary cycle. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7346107 TI - [Scanning microscope study of the endothelial surface of the cornea in Peters' syndrome]. PMID- 7346108 TI - [Retinal tumors in children. Indications and limitations of tomodensitometry. Apropos of 58 cases]. PMID- 7346109 TI - [Computerized perimetry in the detection of glaucoma]. PMID- 7346110 TI - [Importance of automatic computerized perimetry in the examination of ocular function]. PMID- 7346111 TI - [Electroretinography and acquired disorders of the optic nerve and papilla]. PMID- 7346112 TI - [The hyaloid system, its involution and its relation to the retina: structure of the hyaloid artery]. PMID- 7346113 TI - [Objective methods of tissue characterization using ultrasound. Prospectives for clinical application in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7346114 TI - [Clinical case of phaco-anaphylactic uveitis following traumatic rupture of a cataract with interesting psychiatric repercussions]. PMID- 7346115 TI - [Recurrent pseudotumoral (fibrovascular) hemorrhagic macular chorioretinitis]. PMID- 7346116 TI - [Anterior polar congenital cataract and corneal astigmatism]. PMID- 7346117 TI - [Evoked potentials and structured stimulations]. PMID- 7346118 TI - [Vitreous body and retinal periphery in the young myopic subject]. PMID- 7346119 TI - [Ablatio magna: apropos of treatment of various severe retinal detachments]. PMID- 7346120 TI - [Implantation of 700 intraocular lenses in the posterior chamber following phaco emulsification]. PMID- 7346121 TI - [Limbic strapping: a procedure for keeping artificial crystalline lenses in place]. PMID- 7346122 TI - [Use of fluorescein angiography of the papilla in the evaluation of patients with chronic glaucoma and ocular hypertension]. PMID- 7346123 TI - [Fluorophotometry of the vitreous body. Exploration of retinal vasculopathies]. PMID- 7346124 TI - [Homonymous lateral hemianopsia and the extinction phenomenon]. PMID- 7346125 TI - [The problem of presbyopia in flight personnel and its correction with progressive glasses]. PMID- 7346126 TI - [Cathode screens and visual performance. Study of 243 cases]. PMID- 7346127 TI - [Hereditary retinal degeneration: new experimental aspects]. PMID- 7346128 TI - [Biometric measures in primary congenital glaucomas]. PMID- 7346129 TI - [Extraocular modifications in the case of idiopathic detachment of the retina. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7346130 TI - [The treatment of melanoma of the choroid questioned again? Discussion of recent data and various practical conclusions]. PMID- 7346131 TI - [Choroidial ischemia]. PMID- 7346132 TI - [The treatment of progressive malignant myopia with magnesium chelates of flavones. Apropos of 400 cases]. PMID- 7346133 TI - [One year of echography B]. PMID- 7346134 TI - [Significance of weakening the two inferior oblique muscles in the child in cases of unilateral and bilateral asymmetrical hyperaction]. PMID- 7346135 TI - [Left unilateral spatial agnosia, associated with right lateral hemianopsia]. PMID- 7346136 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural study of retinal changes in a child presenting with Zellweger's syndrome]. PMID- 7346137 TI - [Papilledema in the diabetic]. PMID- 7346138 TI - [Cerebro-retinal embolization caused by depot corticosteroids]. PMID- 7346139 TI - [The vitreous body and retinoschisis]. PMID- 7346140 TI - Third Conference on Brain Tumor Therapy. Pacific Grove, California, August 29-31, 1979. PMID- 7346141 TI - Polyamines: relation to brain tumor therapy and monitoring. PMID- 7346142 TI - Historical perspective and overview of the Third Conference on Brain Tumor Therapy. PMID- 7346143 TI - Drug delivery to CNS tumors. PMID- 7346144 TI - Intra-arterial infusions of drugs and hyperosmotic solutions as ways of enhancing CNS chemotherapy. AB - The use of intra-arterial (ia) infusions of drugs to enhance their target tissue uptake and minimize their systemic delivery and toxicity was examined by mathematical analysis and computer modeling. In addition, the effects of intracarotid infusions of hyperosmotic solutions on blood-brain barrier permeability and the transfer of solutes between blood and CNS were evaluated with rats. In virtually all situations, at least some increased target site drug delivery and decreased systemic drug distribution will be obtained by an ia infusion. Significant ia infusion advantages for the target tissue will be realized in situations where either the rate of blood flow through the infused artery and the associated capillary bed within the target site is very low or the rate of systemic drug transformation or excretion is very high. If the drug's rate of transformation-excretion within the target tissue is appreciable, factors that produce a long residence or transit time for these molecules within the target site, namely low blood flow, high capillary permeability, and large distribution space, will decrease systemic drug delivery with an ia infusion. The study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening by ia hyperosmotic infusion indicated that BBB permeability is increased 30 to 50-fold in various brain areas over short periods of time (less than 6 minutes) and returns to normal over the next hour or so with this technique in the rat. Clear regional and subregional variations in opening were also observed. PMID- 7346145 TI - Regional blood flow, capillary permeability, and glucose utilization in two brain tumor models: preliminary observations and pharmacokinetic implications. AB - Regional quantitative autoradiographic measurements of blood flow, capillary permeability, and glucose utilization were made in rats harboring an intracerebral Walker 256 metastatic tumor or a well-differentiated oligodendroglioma. Distinct differences were observed between the two brain tumor models; regional differences within the metastatic tumor appeared to be partly related to tumor size. The pharmacokinetic implications of these physiological measurements with respect to drug delivery to tumor tissue are discussed. The interrelationship of commonly used parameters to quantitate transport across the blood-brain barrier--permeability coefficient, permeability-surface area product, transfer constant, extraction fraction, equilibrium half-time, and blood flow- and their relevance to effective brain tumor chemotherapy are demonstrated. PMID- 7346146 TI - Clonogenicity and growth of experimental tumors in relation to developing resistance and therapeutic failure. PMID- 7346147 TI - Heterogeneous response to chemotherapy of human gliomas grown in nude mice and as clones in vitro. PMID- 7346148 TI - Potentials and limitations of a clonogenic cell assay for human brain tumors. AB - Single cells from biopsies of ten malignant gliomas were treated with 1,3-bis (2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in vitro, and tumor cell survival was compared to patient response to nitrosourea therapy. The limitations of the methods and their interpretations and future prospects for clonogenic cell analyses are discussed. PMID- 7346149 TI - Proliferation of glioma cells in serum-free defined medium. AB - The requirement for a serum supplement to basal culture medium to support the growth and viability of cells in vitro has been a major hindrance to reducing and thereby controlling experimental variables. The complexity and undefined nature of serum as well as the variability of serum lots make it difficult to reproduce data and to interpret results of experiments. This paper presents preliminary results obtained with C6 glioma cell cultures in which serum was replaced by growth factors and a hormone. A brief review of the use of serum-free defined medium for the culture of tumor cells and the potential uses of defined media that are cell-type specific are also presented. PMID- 7346150 TI - Heterogeneous in vitro sensitivities of metastatic B16 melanoma sublines and clones to retinoic acid or BCNU. AB - Murine B16 melanoma sublines have been cloned or selected in vivo for preference of bloodborne metastatic colonization of lung, ovary, or brain. These sublines show differing metastatic properties and cell surface alterations that correlate with a preference for metastatic colonization sites. When the sensitivities of these selected sublines to certain drugs (beta-all-trans retinoic acid or 1,3-bis (2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) were examined, the in vivo-selected sublines were more resistant to growth inhibition in vitro by cytostatic (retinoic acid) or cytotoxic (BCNU) drugs than was the parental B16 line. PMID- 7346151 TI - Review of factors influencing the response of experimental brain tumors to therapy. AB - This review summarizes the problems and pitfalls encountered when increased life span studies are performed with brain tumor model systems. The biological factors reviewed include tumor size and growth rate, the immune response, cell kinetics, and cell recovery processes. The analytical factors reviewed include data collection, data presentation, covariate analysis, and statistical analysis. Examples of how these factors can influence the ultimate interpretation of results from brain tumor therapy trials are presented. PMID- 7346152 TI - Radiosensitizers: rationale and potential. AB - This paper briefly reviews agents that are capable of sensitizing hypoxic cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. The first part is a synopsis of the development of hypoxic radiosensitizers, which concludes that misonidazole can be effective against human tumors. Unfortunately, neurotoxicity limits its effectiveness in humans because the dose that can be given in conjunction with daily fractionated radiation is five to ten times lower than is required for full radiosensitization of the hypoxic cells. The second part covers our recent efforts to develop a drug that does not produce such limiting neurotoxicity. The primary rationale of our program was to synthesize a drug with a short plasma half-life that was too hydrophilic to cross the blood-brain barrier but was able to penetrate tumors and radiosensitize hypoxic cells. From this program, a new drug, SR-2508, has been found that is as efficient as misonidazole in its radiosensitizing ability, but is four to ten times less toxic. Finally, the potential of radiosensitizers not only as agents that can sensitize tumor cells to radiation, but also as agents that can specifically sensitize tumors to chemotherapeutic agents, is discussed. In addition, these drugs may be potential cytotoxic agents that produce toxicity only in solid tumors. PMID- 7346153 TI - French-American Agreement Advanced Seminar on Clinical Biochemical Pharmacology Villejuif, France, November 29-30, 1979. PMID- 7346154 TI - On the rational development of a new drug: the example of the fluorinated pyrimidines. AB - The specific rationale for the development of the fluorinated pyrimidines and the predictions of their mode of action have been described. The mode of action of 5 FU involves incorporation into RNA and metabolic activation to 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), which inhibits the essential enzyme for DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthetase. I believe that the latter effect is responsible for the major chemotherapeutic activity. Our studies on the mechanism of the inhibition of that enzyme have led to the demonstration that a ternary covalent complex of enzyme, inhibitor, and cofactor is formed that results in essentially irreversible inhibition. The nature of this ternary complex has enabled us to devise ultrasensitive competitive ligand binding assays for thymidylate synthetase, FdUMP, and dUMP, the substrate of the enzyme. These determinants will be studied in needle biopsy specimens obtained from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with 5-FU in a prospective clinical investigation. PMID- 7346155 TI - Advantages and limitations of pharmacokinetic studies in the rationalization of anticancer therapy: methotrexate and 5-FU. AB - The use of pharmacokinetic studies for individual dose regimen adjustments in anticancer therapy is considered. The example of methotrexate in the treatment of head and neck tumors demonstrates the validity of this approach. Moreover, the importance of biotransformations of this antimetabolite is confirmed using a high pressure liquid chromatography assay. The example of 5-FU outlines the analytical and mathematical difficulties rendering this approach unlikely for routine use. Some preliminary relations between pharmacokinetic parameters (plasma clearance) and clinical response are presented. The determination of the main plasma metabolic 5-6 dihydro 5-FU by GC/MS and its possible role in the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of the drug in therapeutic failure are discussed. PMID- 7346156 TI - Modulation of 5-FU action by thymidine in murine and human tumors. AB - The biochemical basis of, and preclinical experience with, combined chemotherapy with thymidine and 5-FU are reviewed. Phase I trial and clinical pharmacologic evaluation of a monthly schedule of thymidine and 5-FU showed marked increase in the biologic activity of 5-FU. Both toxic and antitumor effects were observed. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting side effect. The central nervous system toxicity of 5-FU appeared increased; gastrointestinal toxicity was not. The available data do not permit an assessment of whether the therapeutic index of 5 FU has been altered by combination with thymidine. The basis for the observed increase in potency of 5-FU appears to be a thymine-induced marked slowing in its catabolism that results in a prolonged plasma half-life for 5-FU and an increased cellular exposure to the drug. PMID- 7346157 TI - Eighth new drug seminar on l-asparaginase and daunorubicin. Division of Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. December 17, 1979 Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 7346158 TI - Enzyme therapy of cancer, future studies. AB - The dramatic clinical responses to L-asparaginase led to renewed interest in other enzymes that might be effective antitumor agents. Biochemical and nutritional studies on animal and human tumors have shown that enzymatic depletion of glutamine, arginine, cysteine, citrulline, and serine could have selective cytotoxicity for some tumors. Several glutaminase-asparaginase enzymes have antitumor activity in animals and man. These enzymes are currently in phase I trials. Arginine-depleting enzymes with suitable properties of therapy have been developed and are in preclinical study. Enzymes have not yet been found that can adequately deplete circulating levels of cysteine, citrulline, or serine for treatment of cancer. PMID- 7346159 TI - The nutrition of the cancer patient. Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute's Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer Program and the Division of Cancer Treatment. National Institutes of Health, January 10-11, 1981. PMID- 7346160 TI - The nutrition of the cancer patient. PMID- 7346161 TI - Learned taste aversion as a factor in cancer therapy. PMID- 7346162 TI - Oxidation and metabolic interconversion in malignant cachexia. AB - Some patients with progressive malignant disease have an increase in basal metabolic expenditure as well as total caloric expenditure, but the findings are neither striking nor consistent. Studies of specific metabolic changes in such patients have shown the following. (a) The predominant substrate for energy in these subjects is fatty acid, as in normal humans. Comparative studies show, however, that greater proportions of the oxidative metabolism in patients with cancer are from fatty acids, particularly when exogenous glucose is available. While the free fatty acid levels in plasma decrease appropriately with glucose administration, current evidence suggests that the levels of free fatty acids themselves may not necessarily be directly related to the various disposal mechanisms. (b) Increased glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are present after overnight fasting in the patients with malignant disease, but these processes, which depend on liver metabolism, are appropriately suppressed with exogenous glucose. (c) Evidence is presented that leucine, an amino acid representative of branched-chain amino acids, is not under normal metabolic control in these subjects. For example, semistarvation does not result in diminished levels of branched-chain amino acids as it does in other patients. Also, glucose does not have its ordinary suppressive effect on branched-chain amino acid levels. Leucine turnover is increased in these patients as is the percentage of leucine flux which is oxidized. Limited data support the oxidation of this amino acid. All these data suggest that the peripheral effects of insulin and glucose may not be normally mediated in these subjects. They also suggest that amino acid metabolism and consequently protein metabolism may be unaffected by normal control factors in malignant disease. PMID- 7346163 TI - The impact of malnutrition on treatment results in breast cancer. PMID- 7346164 TI - Passive cable properties of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. AB - The passive electrical cable properties of CA3 pyramidal neurons from guinea pig hippocampal slices were investigated by applying current steps and recording the voltage transients from 25 CA3 neurons, using a single intracellular microelectrode and a 3-kHz time-share system. Two independent methods were used for estimating the equivalent electrotonic length of the dendrites, L, and the dendritic to somatic conductance ratio, p. The first method is similar to that used by Gorman and Mirolli (1972) and gave an average L of 0.96; the average p was 2.44. The second method is derived here for the first time and assumes a finite-length cable with lumped soma. It is an exact solution for L and p, using the slopes and intercepts of the first two peeled exponentials. The average L was 0.94; the average p was 1.51. The results, using both methods, are in close agreement. The average membrane time constant for all CA3 neurons was 23.6 ms. suggesting a large (23,600 omega cm2) average membrane resistivity. It is concluded that CA3 neurons are electronically short. PMID- 7346165 TI - Crotaline pit organs analyzed as warm receptors. AB - Afferent impulses from single-fiber preparations of the trigeminal nerve in Agkistrodon blomhoffi brevicaudus were recorded during steady and dynamic temperature stimulation of the sensory membrane in the facial pit. The thermoreceptors of the pit showed high sensitivity to the rate of change in receptor temperature. Changing the heat capacity of the pit membrane (a drop of water in the pit in the case of the laser and halogen lamp, and a drop of water covered by a plastic film in the case of flowing water) changed the pattern of response. When the heat capacity of the pit membrane is increased, responses approach those obtained in other warm receptors. The spatial gradient theory of Williams, whereby a reversal of heat energy flow is supposed to produce a reverse of response, was shown to be inapplicable to the pit receptors. Reversal of heat energy flow in the pits produced neither off-silence nor depression of response, and therefore direction of heat flow is not an important component of the stimulus for these receptors. PMID- 7346166 TI - Growth of dissociated rat cerebellar cells using serum-free supplemented media and varied transferrin concentrations. AB - Dissociated neonatal rat cerebellar cells were grown on medium supplemented with 10% horse serum (HS) and compared with those grown using a serum-free supplemented (SFS) medium, modified from Bottenstein and Sato (1979), containing insulin, transferrin, progesterone, putrescine, and selenium (after an initial 24 hr in 10% horse serum). Cells survived for several weeks using either medium. Cells grown in SFS had higher levels of GABA uptake than cells grown in HS. Cellular morphology and the proportion of neurons to glial cells were similar under the two conditions. Transferrin concentrations of 0.5, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml were tested. Neither neuronal nor glial cells were sensitive to this 200-fold variation. The SFS medium supports survival and maturation of both neurons and glial cells from rat cerebellum. However, the medium is not completely defined since (1) one day of serum is still required and (2) the heterogeneous cell population is undoubtedly conditioning the medium to some extent. PMID- 7346167 TI - Binding of 3H-ADTN, a dopamine agonist, to membranes of the bovine retina. AB - The binding of 3H-ADTN, a potent dopamine receptor agonist, to crude membrane preparations of bovine retina was studied, using a filtration method to isolate membrane-bound ligand. Specific binding was found to be saturable and occurred at a single binding site with an affinity constant of 7.3 nM. Binding was sodium independent, slightly enhanced by Triton X-100 treatment, but drastically reduced by both trypsin and sodium laurylsulphate. The binding sites demonstrated a high degree of pharmacological specificity, with dopamine, apomorphine, and epinine being potent displacers of 3H-ADTN. A higher degree of 3H-ADTN binding was associated with subcellular fractions enriched with conventional synaptosomes rather than fractions enriched with photoreceptor synaptosomes. PMID- 7346168 TI - Dendritic analysis of lobster stretch receptor neurons: electrotonic properties with single and distributed inputs. AB - Using steady-state cable analysis as derived by Rall, electrotonic properties of the dendritic trees of the tonic stretch receptor neurons of the spiny lobster. Panulirus interruptus, have been examined. By directly measuring the somatic input resistance and by visualizing the dendritic trees of this neuron by backfilling the axon with cobalt, the electrotonic properties of the dendritic trees have been derived. The Calculated membrane resistivity is 800-3600 omega cm2. Voltage and current transfer functions were calculated for (a) single dendritic tips the size observed in the cobalt preparation and (b) for processes 2 micrometer or smaller, as observed in electron microscopy. Current transfer to the soma was high in both cases (greater than 80%). Voltage transfer was 22% for large and 4% for small dendrites. When a more natural simultaneous conductance change at the tips of all major dendrites was modeled, voltage transfer was 84% and current transfer 56%. But the dynamic range of the cell (rheobase to saturation) is well-predicted by varying the simultaneous inputs, not by scaling up a single input, thus illustrating that convenient indices of electrotonic properties may not prove useful in appreciating the integrative properties of a neuron. PMID- 7346169 TI - Structural models of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and its toxin-binding sites. AB - Models of the protein structure of agonist-, competitive antagonist-, and snake neurotoxin-binding sites were designed using the sequence of the first 54 residues of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) alpha subunit from Torpedo californica. These models are based on the premise that the N-terminal portions of the subunits form the outermost extracellular surface of the AChR and that agonists bind to this portion. The models were developed by predicting the secondary structure of the alpha-subunit N-terminal segment from its sequence, then using these predictions to fold the segment into tertiary structures that should bind snake neurotoxins, agonists, and antagonists. Possible gating mechanisms and quaternary structures are suggested by the proposed tertiary structures of the subunits. Experiments are suggested to test aspects of the models. PMID- 7346170 TI - The effects of sex hormones, prolactin, and chorionic gonadotropin on pineal electrical activity in guinea pigs. AB - Microelectrophoretic application of sex hormones onto pineal cells in guinea pigs has shown different responses in pregnant females as compared to males. In pregnant females estrone caused excitation in 74% of the cells tested, while progesterone and testosterone, prolactin, and HCG were inhibitory in a majority of the cells tested, while progesterone and testosterone, prolactin, and HCG were inhibitory in a majority of the cells. In contrast, in males estrone caused excitation of only 19% but inhibition of 37%. A smaller percentage of cells was inhibited by progesterone, while the predominant response to testosterone was excitation. These results suggest that the pineal gland may be under a feedback control. PMID- 7346171 TI - Python pit organs analyzed as warm receptors. AB - The infrared receptor neurons of Python reticulatus pit organs were all found to have bimodal sensitivity, responding to both infrared and touch stimuli with fairly rapid adaptation. The majority (22 of 29 neurons) had no background discharges at any temperature between 20 and 33 degrees C. The receptive areas were 150-250 micrometers in diameter and identical for both modalities. There was only one receptive area for each neuron. These facts suggest the possibility that some kinds of temperature sensitive neurons can also function as touch neurons and vice versa, not only in this species, but also in other animals. PMID- 7346173 TI - Headache and hysteria. AB - The concepts of Hysteria, Hypochondriasis and Hysterical Personality are reviewed and their relationship to pain and headache examined. It is further noted that many patients with supposed "tension headache" do not respond to measures which relieve anxiety. Electromyographic studies indicate that "tension headache" is not associated with the expected amounts of frontalis muscle tension. It is argued that much headache cannot be explained in organic terms or as a result of muscle tension and that hysterical mechanisms are important in causing it. PMID- 7346172 TI - Catecholamine-containing neurons in cultures of fetal rat hypothalamus: distribution, morphology, and maturation. AB - The distribution, morphology, and maturation of catecholamine (CA) neurons have been studied in hypothalamic explants from late-gestation rats. CA-containing neurons were identified using the glyoxylic acid technique. CA-containing processes were present from all hypothalamic areas except the preoptic region. Several fiber types were identified. CA neurons in vitro resemble CA neurons in adult hypothalamus. This tissue culture system may be useful in the study of a number of properties of hypothalamus CA neurons. PMID- 7346174 TI - EEG during attacks of common and classical migraine. AB - The Copenhagen acute headache clinic offered an opportunity to record EEG during migraine attacks in eleven patients with common migraine and ten patients with classical migraine. The median duration of the attacks was 9 h in common migraine. Three patients were studied during prodromes of classical migraine and seven in the early headache phase. The EEG was recorded in the resting state, during hyperventilation and during photic stimulation. No abnormalities were encountered in patients with common migraine nor in eight patients with classical migraine. In two patients with classical migraine mild abnormalities were seen during prodromes and in the early headache phase, but they were also present at a control EEG taken outside an attack. The present study indicates that migraine attacks are rarely associated with EEG abnormalities. PMID- 7346175 TI - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania--case report of the second known definite occurrence in a male. PMID- 7346176 TI - Migraine in childhood and its prognosis. AB - In 1955 a population study in Uppsala comprising about 9,000 school children showed that migraine increased from 1.4% at the age of seven to 5.3% at fifteen. With increasing age there was an increasing predominance of girls. A matched comparison between 73 children with more pronounced migraine and 73 control children showed a greater tendency in the migraine group to abdominal pain, motion sickness, sleep disturbance and orthostatic symptoms. In a longitudinal study lasting 23 years the 73 migraine children were followed-up until all were over 30 years of age. During puberty and as young adults 62% were free from migraine for at least two years. Of these, 22% again suffered migraine regularly. Thus, 60% had migraine attacks at 30. Girls seem to have a greater relapse rate than boys. Most of the girls with classical migraine were headache free during pregnancy. Every third family with one parent belonging to the migraine group and with children over four years of age had one child with migraine symptoms. Migraine seems to be more frequently inherited via the mother, and to girls. PMID- 7346177 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia: time course of pain in relation to carbamazepine dosing. AB - Eight in-patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were studied while receiving carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment. The aim was to study diurnal pain distribution, its relation to CBZ dosing and plasma concentration and the effect of decreasing the dose. All pain attacks were registered by the patients at three hour intervals. CBZ was given b.i.d. in a single blind manner with the patient unaware of dose and dose changes. Plasma concentrations of CBZ were followed every fourth hour during a period of altogether sixteen dosage intervals. The diurnal pain distribution revealed marked intra-individual similarities with pain free nights and a significant drop in pain during mid-day hours. The latter coincided in time with the peak plasma concentration of CBZ, thus indicating an effect of plasma concentration fluctuations on pain relief. Shorter dosage intervals might therefore be beneficial in problem cases. A significant increase in pain was detected within six to nine hours after a dose reduction, whereas the full effect of the dose change seemed to be established only after one day. PMID- 7346178 TI - Headache in a random sample of 200 persons: a clinical study of a population in northern Finland. AB - Two hundred persons, randomly chosen out of 3,067 who had answered a headache questionnaire modified from Waters, were summoned to an interview and an examination performed by a neurologist. The aim was to obtain prevalence readings for different types of headaches in an unselected population. Simple blood studies and plain skull and cervical spine radiography were performed. The occurrence of headache was 77%, and the prevalence of migraine 9% in men and 28% in women. There was a higher prevalence of headache in women, accounted for solely by their higher frequency of vascular headaches, while the figure for tension headache was 35% for both sexes. Demographic factors did not influence the distribution of the headache types, except for a concentration of vascular headaches in women working in service occupations. A positive family history of migraine was reported significantly more often by persons with migraine than by others. The physical neurological examination, and the laboratory and X-ray investigations performed generally did not contribute to the diagnosis of the headache. PMID- 7346179 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics in familial hemiplegic migraine. PMID- 7346180 TI - Methodological aspects of prophylactic drug trials in migraine. AB - The purpose of this paper is to analyse methodological aspects of prophylactic drug trials in migraine. A study of ferrum quartz in 33 patients provided the necessary data base. Migraine definitions, relation between interval headache and migraine, and a number of other clinical problems are discussed. A headache diary is presented which to a certain extent allows a separation of internal headache and migraine attacks. Virtually all patients with frequent migraine attacks have interval headaches. A statistical model which allows a separation of time effects and treatment effects is presented. The inter-patient variability was much greater than intra-patient variability. This indicates that it will be difficult to obtain sufficient power with a non-crossover design. The relation between duration of treatment periods and the necessary number of patients is shown to be inversely related. PMID- 7346181 TI - Metoprolol in migraine. PMID- 7346182 TI - The site of pain origin during migraine attacks. AB - Fifty patients were examined during a migraine attack to seek the site of origin of the headache. There being no single specific test for an intra-or extracranial source of head pain, we employed a series of manoeuvres: coughing, rapid side-to side head rotation, and breath-holding for 30 seconds--indicative of an intracranial component. Digital compression of the superficial temporal artery, and a blood pressure cuff round the head to occlude the scalp circulation, were used as evidence of an extracranial component. Patients were asked to comment on the effect each of these procedures had on their headache. The observations suggest that in 49/50 an intracranial factor was operative, and in 21 of these no extracranial component was apparent. In 28/49 there seemed to be both intra- and extracranial contributions to the headache. One patient did not respond to any test. The evidence presented seems to implicate intracranial structures in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. PMID- 7346183 TI - Extracranial vascular reactivity in migraine and tension headache. AB - The amplitude of temporal artery pulsation was monitored at rest, after standing from the sitting position and after exercise in 23 normal controls, 10 patients subject to chronic tension headache and 107 migrainous patients. The pulses of migrainous patients did not differ from normal at rest or on standing. On exercise, the temporal artery on the habitually affected side of migrainous patients dilated more than the headache-free-side, while exercise-induced changes in tension headache patients were less than those in normal controls. The responses were not influenced by previous or current medication. PMID- 7346184 TI - Features of migraine--comparison of a questionnaire study and a neurologist examined random sample. AB - In a community survey on headache in which a questionnaire was used, the responders were asked to state if their headaches were accompanied by symptoms usually associated with migraine. A random sample of 200 out of the 3,067 who returned the questionnaire were examined by a neurologist and the answers compared with those given in connection with the case history. Migraine features occurred sometimes in a very large percentage of the 2,018 who suffered form headache. When the answers were compared, "warning" and "nausea" occurring sometimes were reported significantly more often in the questionnaire. No difference was found when these features were reported as occurring usually or always. When interviewed by the neurologist, 20% of those with a clinical diagnosis of tension headache reported two of the three features "unilaterality", "warning" and "nausea", also. It is concluded that the questionnaire is a satisfactory tool if the aim is to select a population with distinct features of migraine, but the reliability rapidly decreases if efforts are made to include more elusive forms of the condition. PMID- 7346185 TI - Cluster headache in women: evidence of hypofertility(?) Headaches in relation to menstruation and pregnancy. AB - Two hundred and forty-nine patients with cluster headache have been studied, 215 male and 34 female (ratio 6.3:1). Twenty-five of the 26 fertile female cluster patients stated that their headaches had no relation to menstrual periods. Eight had had 13 pregnancies since the onset of cluster headache. Six of them experienced remission of their headache during pregnancy. Four women with cluster headache had a history of infertility or premature menopause. Parity rate was low in patients who contracted cluster headache as nulliparae; it was lower than in those who contracted the disease after earlier pregnancy or post menopause, and also significantly lower than in 99 consecutive women with migraine. Significant differences were also found when the numbers of childbirths in the cluster patients were compared with total fertility rates up to successive ages for birth cohorts in the general population of Swedish women. PMID- 7346186 TI - Cervical placenta percreta. PMID- 7346187 TI - Inadequate luteal phase and benign breast disease. AB - The Authors compare E2 and Progesterone plasma levels in the luteal phase of twelve normally menstruating women whose basal body temperature curves were biphasic and in which breast micronodularity and mastodynia were present, with those of ten breast disease-free controls. The significant difference (p less than 0.001) found in Progesterone levels gives strength to the opinion that Progesterone supply therapy can effectively improve both mastodynia and the clinical picture objectively documented. PMID- 7346188 TI - Antimicrobic activity of the amniotic fluid. AB - The amniotic fluid is commonly, though not unanimously, believed to include among its various functions a defensive one, against infections. This is due to the presence of immunoglobulins, immunocompetent cells and such factors like lysozyme, transferrin and zinc. However, evidence of this AF antimicrobic activity had been found only in the second half of the pregnancy period starting from the 20th gestational week. Our study has demonstrated its presence in a very high percentage (58.7%) of AF samples taken in early amniocenteses. PMID- 7346189 TI - Proposal for protocol in the diagnosis of sterile couples. PMID- 7346190 TI - Chronic vulvar dystrophies. Surgical therapy. AB - The Authors take up a proposal made in 1976 by the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Dystrophies (I.S.S.V.D.) and, with the help of clinical cases, consider the problem of vulvar dystrophic pathology from the point of view of clinico-histologic classification and terminology. The schematic analysis of the etiopathogenetic hypothesis (still uncertain) and the consequent not infrequent failures of clinical therapy suggest to consider indications for surgical treatment. This is particularly true for young patients because in these cases the treatment must also aim at an acceptable aesthetic result and the recovery of satisfactory sexual function. To show the possibility of meeting these requirements, the Authors report the results of plastic surgical treatment on a 28 year patient suffering from chronic vulvar dystrophy after many failures of medical therapy. PMID- 7346191 TI - Myasthenia gravis: a clinical review. PMID- 7346192 TI - Carotidynia: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. AB - The symptom of vascular neck pain, known as carotidynia, refers to throbbing pain of the neck and face with tenderness of the carotid artery. Recent publications suggest that carotidynia is a benign complaint, frequently associated with migraine, and often responding to migraine therapy. Past experience, and our own, indicates that carotidynia may be a symptom of other more serious disorders whose identification is essential to prevent subsequent catastrophic complications. 7 patients discussed in this publication presented with carotidynia. 4 have been reported previously. The associated disorders were dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (2 patients), long intraluminal clots with incomplete vessel obstruction of the internal carotid artery (2 patients), spontaneous aneurysm of the common carotid bifurcation (2 patients) and giant cell arteritis. We conclude that carotidynia is a symptom to be regarded with suspicion. The majority of patients encountered will have 'benign' carotidynia and angiography or exploratory surgery should not be routine. A rational approach to evaluation, investigation and treatment is presented. PMID- 7346193 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AB - Three cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have occurred in one hospital in a 3-year period. The 3 patients had been receiving chemotherapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia, lymphocytic lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia respectively, and developed progressive neurological illnesses which resulted in their deaths. The routine neurological investigations were unhelpful and although the diagnosis was suspected in 2 cases, treatment was not given. It is felt that the disease is not as rare as originally believed and that brain biopsy should be more readily considered since progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is potentially treatable. PMID- 7346194 TI - Muscle disease and viruses. PMID- 7346195 TI - Subacute cholinergic dysautonomia in childhood. AB - Clinical features of a 10-year-old boy who presented with manifestations of subacute autonomic neuropathy are described. The pupillary abnormalities, reduced tear, sweat and saliva production, and visceral dysfunction suggest a lesion restricted to cholinergic postganglionic endings of the autonomic nervous system. There was no evidence of dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction or elsewhere in the nervous system. The cause of the cholinergic dysautonomia has not been found. Clostridium botulinum infection could not be verified, and although a variety of Clostridium species were isolated from the faeces they could not be shown to produce a neurotoxin. PMID- 7346196 TI - Music and neurology. PMID- 7346197 TI - A clinical and electrophysiological study of neurogenically induced winging of the scapula. AB - Four cases of neurogenically induced winging of the scapula are described. Systematic clinical evaluation enabled the affected nerve or nerves to be defined in each case, particular attention being directed to the presence or absence of deformity at rest, the direction of rotation of the winging scapula, and the movement of the arm that produced maximal scapular winging. EMG studies were performed on all 4 cases and serial spinal accessory nerve conduction studies on the 2 patients with involvement of this nerve. Both techniques proved useful adjuncts to clinical evaluation and provided confirmatory diagnostic information. The accessory nerve conduction studies were of further value in assessing the extent and type of neural damage, the rate of recovery and the prognosis. PMID- 7346198 TI - The anatomy of occipital neuralgia. PMID- 7346199 TI - The mitochondrial myopathies: 9 case reports and a literature review. AB - Nine cases of mitochondrial myopathy are presented and the literature is reviewed. The clinical picture ranges from virtually pure ophthalmoplegia, through 'ophthalmoplegia plus' to predominantly central nervous system disturbance. Morphological mitochondrial abnormalities are likely to reflect generalised metabolic abnormalities of diverse aetiology, but producing common pathophysiological consequences. The association of mitochondrial myopathy with CNS disorders, which may ante-date muscle weakness, is emphasised. The myopathies constitute a clinical continuum within which the following syndromes may be delineated: (1) Kearns-Sayre syndrome (2) Luft's disease (3) a variant of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (4) relapsing febrile neurological deficits with headache and seizures. These may be specific diseases or artificially separated manifestations of some common metabolic disorder(s). There is a similarity between the CNS pathology, and also some clinical features, of Leigh's disease and the findings in certain of the mitochondrial myopathies. The review suggests that the following should be regarded as associations of mitochondrial myopathy and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (a) diabetes mellitus (b) cataracts, in which calcium deposits may, like basal ganglia calcification, be due to abnormal calcium metabolism. Diplopia, although unusual, does occur in progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial myopathy. PMID- 7346200 TI - Experimental neurogenic pulmonary oedema after discrete lesions in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata. PMID- 7346201 TI - Clinico-electroencephalographic studies of multiple sclerosis. AB - 57 cases of multiple sclerosis was seen from 1949-1979, an incidence of 935 per 100,000 neurological admissions, and 0.04 per 100,000 inpatient admissions. There was a sex ratio of 1:1.1, and a mean age of 33 years. The mean duration of illness was 31 months. It is striking that in 47% the initial affliction was visual impairment (62% being bilateral). Motor paralysis, chiefly paraplegia (37%) was also frequent. However, initial diplopia, vertigo and ataxia were uncommon. Aside from these variations the clinical picture of multiple sclerosis is essentially the same as seen in the West. The EEG changes were nonspecific without definite correlations with age, sex, occupation, birthplace, age at admission, age at onset, duration of illness, mode of onset and clinical manifestations. Active cases presented more abnormal records thant quiescent cases. More abnormal records were obtained in cases with remissions and relapses than those running a progressive course. The EEG, especially with serial studies, is helpful in depicting cortical dysfunction in multiple sclerosis at an early stage of the disease. A normal tracing does not exclude structural damage inasmuch as submicroscopic and substructural physiochemical changes might not be sufficiently severe to cause alteration in electrical activity recorded from the convexity of the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7346202 TI - Patient perspectives of epilepsy. AB - This paper reports the results of a pilot survey testing patient perspectives of epilepsy in 51 epileptic patients attending the neurology service of The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide. The questionnaire used dealt specifically with patient identification, diagnostic information, management and attitudes. The information identifying the sample was compared with existing epidemiological data and shown to be representative of the epileptic population. The patients' views about their condition highlighted areas of concern both in their management and in their place in society. PMID- 7346203 TI - The clearance of anticonvulsant drugs in pregnancy. AB - 30 epileptic patients taking one or more of the anticonvulsants phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, methylphenobarbitone and ethosuximide have been studied during the courses of 34 pregnancies. In all cases the drug dosage requirement to maintain therapeutic range plasma anticonvulsant levels increased during pregnancy and fell again during the puerperium. Calculated plasma drug clearances showed a marked increase during pregnancy, reaching a peak in the third trimester, and declined again in the 3 months following pregnancy to pre pregnancy values. For the more extensively used drugs the mean ratios of the plasma clearances in the third trimester to those in the pre- or post-pregnancy state were phenytoin 2.5:1 (p less than .001), carbamazepine 1.9:1 (p less than .005), phenobarbitone 1.6:1 (p less than .001). The limitations of the plasma clearance approach for phenytoin, a drug which is eliminated largely by Michaelis Menten kinetic mechanisms, are discussed. PMID- 7346204 TI - The method of source derivation for the EEG. AB - The technical background to this work was described by Hjorth (1975). The derivation is a practical implementation of the Laplace operator and detects source activity as it appears on the surface level of the scalp. The advantages are improved topographical selectivity as compared to bipolar or referential derivation and simplicity of presentation as the activity at each electrode position is represented by only one channel, without the influence of a monopolar reference. Using the electrode positions in the 10-20 system, the derivations are implemented by means of resistive matrix networks connected between the EEG amplifiers, the source derivation is divided between two programmes, an anterior and a posterior. Personal experience with the method over the last 12 months has been assessed. 500 consecutive and otherwise unselected records were re-examined. Source derivation did not demonstrate an abnormality when the conventional derivations were normal. The principal finding was that localised abnormalities may be more obvious and their location more easily and accurately defined. PMID- 7346206 TI - Symposium on technology assessment. PMID- 7346205 TI - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the cervical internal carotid artery. AB - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery is a rare condition. Three cases are described, all in the younger age group, and the clinical features and characteristic radiological findings are discussed. One case demonstrated concomitant unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms, an even more uncommon association, and the implications of this association for the pathogenesis of the dissecting aneurysm are considered. Attention is also drawn to the fact that marked clinical and angiographic improvement may occur spontaneously, indicating that conservative management should be considered as well as surgical treatment. PMID- 7346207 TI - Hematology: automated white blood cell differential counting flow-analysis. PMID- 7346208 TI - Assessing the clinical utility of laboratory methods. PMID- 7346209 TI - Technology assessment in laboratory medicine: rationalizing or rationing? PMID- 7346210 TI - Blood banking. PMID- 7346211 TI - Symposium on perinatal diagnosis. PMID- 7346212 TI - Monitoring of fetal scalp pH. PMID- 7346213 TI - Symposium on therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 7346214 TI - Organization of a laboratory service for therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 7346215 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. PMID- 7346216 TI - Ethanol. PMID- 7346217 TI - Recombinant DNA and collagen research. Is amino acid sequencing obsolete? Can we study diseases involving collagen by analysis of the genes? PMID- 7346218 TI - Two-dimensional CNBr peptide patterns of collagen types I, II and III. AB - CNBr peptides from the alpha 1-chains of collagen types I, II and III have been fractionated by a high resolution two-dimensional mapping procedure. Radioactive collagen chains were synthesized without deamination of lysyl residues by rabbit cells in culture and were treated with pepsin and purified prior to cleavage by CNBr. The resultant peptides from each collagen type were separately fractionated by a two-dimensional mapping procedure consisting of non-equilibrium isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second dimension. Unique peptide maps were obtained for each type of alpha-chain and only small amounts of sample were required. This method will be useful for unambiquous identification of isolated collagen chains, identification of collagens in complex mixtures, and the rapid identification of cross-linked peptides. PMID- 7346219 TI - Type IV collagen contains two distinct chains in separate molecules. AB - Type IV collagen from the EHS sarcoma, a basement membrane producing tumor, was characterized. Acid extracts of tumor grown in lathyritic animals contain proteins with two predominant collagen chains of apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 140,000 daltons, designated alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV). In addition, dimers and larger polymers formed by covalent crosslinking of the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2 (IV) chains are also present. These two chains were found to be distinct from one another in amino acid composition and in the peptide patterns obtained following treatment with cyanogen bromide and S. aureus V8 protease. Precipitation of native collagen from acid solutions by the stepwise addition of NaCl yielded mixtures of the two chains with varying ratios suggesting that the two chains reside in different macromolecules. PMID- 7346220 TI - A new mapping technique for collagen chains. AB - A new, highly sensitive method for peptide mapping of collagen chains has been developed which utilizes a modification of the radioiodination technique in polyacrylamide gels described by Elder et al. (1977b). Optimal conditions include the use of the Bolton-Hunter reagent to produce 125I-labeled collagen with the enzyme proteinase K, prior to resolution of the cleavage products by two dimensional electrophoresis and chromatography. Unambiguous results were obtained by restricting comparison among collagens to a given set which was radioiodinated using the same procedure, i.e., in solution, or in a dried or hydrated gel. Iodination of collagens in solution, followed by proteinase K digestion, resulted in highly reproducible maps which were free of background contamination and which permitted characterization of chains with a defined mobility of SDS-PAGE after the iodination procedure. This technique has provided additional evidence that the alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 chains of type V collagen are structurally unique. In addition, relationships among several fragments from pepsin-treated type IV collagen, which consists of two distinct chains, could be further elucidated. PMID- 7346221 TI - Type V collagen from the chick embryo: biochemical, physicochemical and ultrastructural characteristics. AB - Two collagen alpha chains have been isolated from whole 17 day chick embryos which are similar to the B chain or alpha 1(V) and the A chain or alpha 2(V) recently described in mammalian and avian tissues. A non-collagenous acidic protein was co-purified with the Type V collagen which was resistant to pepsin digestion. The molecular weight, circular dichroism spectrum, melting temperature and diffusion coefficient of the native Type V collagen and isolated alpha chains were similar to values obtained for other chick collagen types. The SLS crystallite of Type V collagen had a distinct pattern of banding as identified by electron microscopy. We consistently observed more alpha 2(V) than alpha 1(V) following both CM-cellulose and QAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography of denatured Type V collagen, but unusual solubility properties and recoveries of the alpha 1(V) chain may have diminished its relative amount. In addition we have found that the alpha 1(V) chains are chemically heterogeneous and one component electrophoreses as an alpha 2(V) chain on SDS gels. PMID- 7346222 TI - Optimal conditions for cell-free synthesis of elastin. AB - Optimal conditions for the translation of elastin mRNA1 in a mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate were determined. Using total RNA isolated from embryonic chick aortae as the source of exogenous RNA, the concentrations of various components present in the translation assay were varied and the effect on elastin synthesis quantitated by immunoprecipitation. Components examined included: magnesium acetate, potassium chloride, spermidine, creatine phosphate, ATP, and GTP. In addition, it was found that heating of the RNA prior to translation significantly enhanced total protein synthesis, elastin synthesis, and the synthesis of proteins possessing molecular weights of greater than 80,000. PMID- 7346223 TI - Collagen synthesis by the hepatocyte: studies in primary cultures of parenchymal cells from adult rat liver. AB - Based on the finding that prolyl hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen biosynthesis, is a constituent of the hepatic parenchymal cell, we have suggested that the hepatocyte may synthesize collagen (Exp. Cell Res. 123: 269-279, 1979). We now report that, consistent with this idea, collagen formation has been detected in primary nonproliferating cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes prepared from either normal liver or regenerated liver four days after partial hepatectomy. The characteristics of the radiolabeled collagen formed in two-day old cultures incubated for 24 hours in the presence of either [3H]-proline or [35S]-cystine were its resistance to pepsin and its susceptibility to degradation by highly purified, protease-free bacterial collagenase. The presence of fibroblasts in the hepatocyte cultures was excluded as an explanation for these results because we detected no type I collagen, a universal product of the cultured fibroblast. The initial low rates of synthesis of collagen relative to total cellular protein (0.1-0.4 percent) increased dramatically upon continued incubation of the cells reaching 0.31 and 0.81 percent in nine-day old cultures of normal or regenerated hepatocytes, respectively. This change was accompanied by the synthesis of an additional 100,000 molecular weight from of collagen, possibly type I or A, B. Morphologically, the hepatocytes progressively flattened and overlapped adjacent cells with time in culture. However, their identify as hepatocytes was confirmed by the fact that synthesis of fibrinogen, a liver specific function, was maintained above initial levels throughout the experiment. We conclude that synthesis of collagen is a constitutive function of the hepatocyte. This function is linked to hepatocyte replication, is subject to phenotypic change in culture, and may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. PMID- 7346224 TI - Structural changes during development in bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. PMID- 7346225 TI - Differential effect of urea on the migration of collagenous and non-collagenous polypeptides in SDS gels: basis for their separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 7346226 TI - The structure of acid-soluble basement membrane collagen from bovine anterior lens capsule: molecular parameters and thermal gelation properties. AB - Basement membrane collagen was extracted from bovine anterior lens capsules with acetic acid in the presence of protease and proteinase inhibitors. This undegraded soluble basement membrane has a sedimentation coefficient S0 20,w=7.8 X 10-13 sec-1, a diffusion coefficient D020,w=5.82 X 10-8/ cm2/sec and a zero shear intrinsic viscosity [eta] = 2200 cm3/g. These data lead to a molecular weight, Mr of 1.1 X 10(6). Electron microscopic observation indicates that the molecules are rod-like in character with a length of 300 nm. Theoretical models describing the intrinsic viscosity in terms of the distribution of mass in such an elongated molecule show that a dumbbell-like structure is the only tenable model. In this model a single 300 nm rod-like region joins two more densely packed globular regions. The globular domains contain hydroxyproline and may has collagenase sensitive regions since digestion with purified bacterial collagenase at 37 degree C for 18 h degrades these domains as well as the central triple helical domain. The intact acid-soluble basement membrane collagen precipitates from neutral pH solutions upon warming 4 degree C stable solutions. The pH, ionic strength and concentration dependence parameters of this thermal precipitation have been examined. The basement membrane collagen precipitation appears to be dominated by end-region domain hydrophobic interactions. The end-regions are required for precipitation in contrast to the Type I procollagen situation wherein the intact end-regions inhibit thermal gelation. Electron microscopic examination of the basement membrane thermal gels shows networks of very thin filaments which may be related directly to the structure within intact basement membrane. PMID- 7346227 TI - Evidence for the existence of an alpha 1(V) alpha 2(V) alpha 3(V) collagen molecule in human placental tissue. AB - Chromatography in native type V collagen from human placenta on phosphocellulose using nondenaturing conditions results in the partial resolution of two cellulose using nondenaturing conditions results in the partial resolution of two fractions. The first fraction contains each of the three type V alpha chains in approximately equal proportions and upon thermal denaturation exhibits a melting temperature of 33 degrees C. Fraction two contains the alpha 1 (V) and alpha 2 (V) chains in approximately a 2:1 ratio, respectively, and has a melting temperature of 35 degree C. These data indicate the presence of two molecular species of type V collagen in placenta, namely an alpha 1 (V) alpha 2 (V) alpha 3 (V) molecule and the previously described [alpha 1 (V)]2-alpha 2 (V) molecule. PMID- 7346228 TI - The collagenous exocytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7346229 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of the CNBr peptides of collagen types I, II, III and V. AB - A two-dimensional mapping method developed for collagen chains has been applied to the CNBr-peptides of rat collagen types I, II, and III and bovine type V (AB) collagen. The method consists of isoelectric focusing in a 4% polyacrylamide gel 6 M urea-2% Pharmalyte with a pH gradient ranging 5 to 10 in the first dimension and SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel (15%) electrophoresis at pH 8.8 in the second dimension. Characteristic peptide maps were obtained for each type of alpha-chain and can be used for identification of isolated collagen chains. Application of this method to an authentic mixture of collagen types and a fraction isolated from rat skin has indicated that the method is sensitive enough to resolve collagen types with a sample as low as 40 micrograms per alpha-chain. PMID- 7346230 TI - Immunity to homologous cartilage proteoglycans in rabbits with chronic inflammatory arthritis. PMID- 7346231 TI - Basement membrane collagen from bovine lung: its chain associations as observed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - A basement membrane collagen has been isolated from limited pepsin digests of bovine lung alveolar tissue by differential salt fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Fractionation and characterization of the peptide chain fragments of the collagen have revealed the presence of two classes of collagen chains: one is 160K-1, 100K-1, and 80K-1 and the other is 100K-2 and 80K-2. Apparent isoelectric points of these chain fragments were 8.4, 8.6, 8.35-8.45, 8.9-9.0 and 8.9-9.0, respectively. Electrophoretic analysis on temperature dependent reductions of the collagen and its denaturation products has revealed the presence of disulfide bonds between collagen chain fragments of 160K-1-80K-2 and possibly 160K-1-160K-1 which require elevated temperatures for reduction and the bonds within 100K-2 fragments (80K-2-small fragments such as 10K-20K) and possibly between 80K-2-80K-2 which are reducible without elevated temperatures. PMID- 7346232 TI - Affinity chromatography of collagen on collagen-binding fragments of fibronectin. AB - The affinity of fibronectin for collagen was exploited in biospecific affinity chromatography of collagen. Matrices with excellent capacity and stability were obtained by coupling collagen-binding fragments of fibronectin to Sepharose. Collagen-binding tryptic (30,000 daltons) and chymotryptic (45,000 daltons) fragments, lacking the binding sites of intact fibronectin for various other substances, were coupled to Sepharose and used to chromatograph gelatin and type I collagen. Gelatin was rapidly and quantitatively bound to these matrices at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, while binding of type I collagen took place more slowly and was temperature dependent. The collagen did not bind at 4 degrees C but bound quantitatively at 37 degrees C if preincubated at this temperature. These results suggest that a temperature-dependent perturbation of the triple helical structure of the collagen uncovers the binding site for fibronectin, allowing the collagen to bind to the insolubilized collagen-binding fibronectin fragments. Enzyme affinity assays showed that the conformational change in the fibronectin-binding region of collagen was irreversible. Affinity chromatography on collagen-binding fragments of fibronectin could provide a method for the study of structure and function of collagens and may prove useful for the isolation of minor collagens. PMID- 7346233 TI - Platelet-collagen adhesion-membrane fluidity and the development of high affinity adhesion through multiple interacting sites. AB - Multiple, linked interactions between the platelet surface and collagen fibers have been implicated in the initiation of platelet secretion and subsequent aggregation. The formation of such multiple simultaneous interactions could give rise to high affinity adhesion of platelets to collagen even though the affinity of the individual interactions may be much weaker. This concept has been tested by measuring the adhesion of platelets to collagen under conditions which could effect the formation of multiple interactions. Adhesion is markedly diminished at 4 degrees C but not at 23 or 37 degrees C. Metabolic inhibitors such as 2 deoxyglucose and Antimycin A do not inhibit adhesion although they virtually abolish subsequent aggregation. Brief formaldehyde fixation of platelets greatly reduces adhesion. These results are consistent with the concept that the formation of multiple linked interactions between the platelet surface and collagen are important in platelet-collagen adhesion and that mobility of platelet membrane components is required for the clustering of these interactions in focussed regions on the platelet surface. PMID- 7346234 TI - Peptide mapping of collagen chains using CNBr cleavage of proteins within polyacrylamide gels. AB - A peptide mapping technique is described which uses a two dimensional format to display CNBr peptides of collagen chains. Biosynthetically-labeled products from 250,000 cells are analyzed in each map by a rapid procedure which does not require preliminary purification steps. Proteins trapped within polyacrylamide gels are digested with CNBr under conditions where diffusion of radiolabeled peptides from gels is negligible, and the reaction products are recovered quantitatively by electroelution. Peptide maps of pro alpha chains, alpha chains, and TCA chains cleaved with mammalian collagenase are presented with the identification of specific fragments. This method is useful for the analysis of structural abnormalities in collagen proteins from patients with certain genetic disorders, examination of collagenous proteins produced by primary cultures which exhibit phenotypic switching, and identification of new collagen types. PMID- 7346235 TI - Calcification in the human lens. AB - A calcified cataractous lens from a 12 year old boy suffering from chronic uveitis was analysed using a microradiographic technique, X-ray crystallography and transmission electron microscopy. A 0.2 mm thick shell of calcified tissue was found in the subcapsular cortex. The mineral consisted of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite with a random orientation of the crystals. The underlying cortex consisted of a fibrous matrix containing collagen fibers. In the matrix, single or groups of epitheloid cells and fibroblast-like cells were found. Membrane enclosed vesicles were found scattered in the matrix. The content of these vesicles had a wide range of electron density. A cell-induced mechanism for calcification is suggested. PMID- 7346238 TI - Multi-flash campimetry in multiple sclerosis. AB - Data are reported from the initial stage of development of a psychophysical technique that allows temporal resolution to be sampled in 120 retinal locations per eye in half an hour. This computer generated test consists of systematically increasing the off period of a small spot of light, temporally modulated at 5 Hz, until the light is perceived as flickering. Visual field plots based on the data from control observers reveal good temporal resolution in the central visual field with a fall-off in resolving power in peripheral regions. Data from multiple sclerosis patients are characterized by "islands" of poor temporal resolution that presumably reflect demyelination along the optic nerve. PMID- 7346236 TI - The Emory mouse cataract: an animal model for human senile cataract. AB - The Emory mouse cataract is a late-appearing lens opacity which may serve as an animal model for some human senile cataracts. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and has a typical course of development. Lens opacities may become readily apparent as early as 6-8 months in mice having a familial history of early cataracto-genesis. Many gross morphologic and microscopic features resemble findings in human senile cataract. As an animal model it has many desirable characteristics. Its slow development permits studies of the lens at the pre cataractous stage and makes it a good assay system for drugs or other factors affecting cataractogenesis. In this paper are given some morphologic and histologic aspects of the developing cataract. PMID- 7346239 TI - Parathyroid hormone binding to epithelium of the human lens. AB - Cell homogenates from human lens epithelium express in binding site for Parathyroid hormone. Kinetic data reveal an affinity/dissociation constant to Kd 17.5 x 10(-11) M and a maximal binding of Bmax 15 x 10(11) M. These data are comparable to previously tested tissues as lymphocytes or renal plasma membranes. No differences can be observed for the association characteristics between senile and juvenile lenticular epithelial cells. PMID- 7346237 TI - The penetration of exogenous prostaglandin and arachidonic acid into, and their distribution within, the mammalian eye. AB - The distribution of 3H and 14C activities in intraocular fluids and tissues was studied after topical application of 3H-prostaglandin F2 alpha (3H-PGF2 alpha) and/or 14C-arachidonic acid (14C-AA) to rabbit eyes; intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 3H-PGF2 alpha into rats; and after incubation of rat or rabbit globes in media containing these and other tracers. Thirty min after topical application of 14C AA, the order of distribution of 14C per unit of tissue weight was cornea much greater than sclera congruent to ciliary body congruent to iris congruent to aqueous greater than retina-choroid greater than vitreous greater than lens. The distribution of 3H was sclera greater than cornea greater than retina-choroid congruent to ciliary body greater than aqueous greater than vitreous (lens congruent to 0; iris congruent to 0). After i.v. infusion of 14C-sucrose and 3H PGF2 alpha into rats for 1 to 5 min, the globe/blood ratio of 3H was significantly lower than that of 14C. When isolated rat globes were incubated, the order of tracer uptake into the whole globe was AA greater than thiourea greater than PGF2 alpha greater than sucrose, while the order of entry into the aqueous was thiourea greater than sucrose greater than AA greater than -PGF2 alpha. The isolated rabbit cornea accumulated large amounts of 14C-AA which was not readily elutable and much smaller amounts of 3H-PGF2 alpha which was readily elutable. It is concluded that the sclera is highly permeable to PGF2 alpha, but that the cornea is an effective permeability barrier to this, and presumably all other PGs. The passage of AA through the outer coats of the globe is limited by its chemical incorporation into the cornea, sclera and conjunctiva. Thus, inhibition of the adverse intraocular effects of topically applied AA by topically applied drugs may only reflect the ability of these drugs to inhibit the synthesizing capacity of the superficial layers of the globe rather than that of the anterior uvea and other intraocular tissues. PMID- 7346240 TI - [Needs of the society in the protection of the locomotor system]. PMID- 7346241 TI - [Radiologic evaluation of bone union of the radius in fresh fractures in rats subjected to magnetic field action]. PMID- 7346242 TI - [Forces occurring in bone union in plate self-compression]. PMID- 7346243 TI - [Road traffic accidents as a cause of spinal injuries]. PMID- 7346244 TI - [Compression fracture of the 1st lumbar vertebra with simultaneous lateral dislocation of the L-4 and L-5 vertebrae complicated by paraplegia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7346245 TI - [Upright position of the body during the rehabilitation of patients with traumatic tetra- and paraplegia]. PMID- 7346246 TI - [Results of conservative treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children]. PMID- 7346247 TI - [Sutureless reconstruction of the extensor tendon in the mallet finger]. PMID- 7346248 TI - [Protracted inflammation of the connective tissue--therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7346249 TI - [Characteristics of hip infection following plastic surgery using head-like and neck-like and full joint prostheses]. PMID- 7346250 TI - [Occurrence of joint laxity in children aged 2 to 14]. PMID- 7346251 TI - [Simultaneous surgical reconstruction of congenital dislocation of the hip in children (derotational osteotomy of the femur, open reduction of the luxation and osteotomy of the ilium]. PMID- 7346252 TI - [Value of regional anesthesia in alloplastic operations of hip joints]. PMID- 7346253 TI - [Correction of the varus positioning of the first bone of the metatarsus by means of "geometric" osteotomy]. PMID- 7346254 TI - Qualitative issues in developing educational diagnostic instruments and assessment procedures for diabetic patients. AB - With one exception, psychometric analyses of the quality of instrumentation and educational assessment procedures for diabetic patients have not been reported in the literature. Following an extensive internal review process, a pilot test of 56 diabetic patients found that the newly developed instrument had a high degree of internal consistency for the major indexes, 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. An item analysis found individual questions to be of an acceptable quality. An analysis of interrater reliability of patient assessment procedures produced an r = 0.93. Some support for content and concurrent validity was noted. Using an external review by an expert panel, a revised instrument and protocol was used to conduct a formal field test of 100 diabetic patients. Levels of internal consistency similar to the pilot, 0.87 adn 0.86, were found. An item analysis produced similar positive results. While some support for concurrent validity of the data was found, little support for discriminant validity was evident. The instrument and assessment procedures need to undergo more extensive and rigorous examination of its psychometric characteristics, particularly stability and predictive validity. PMID- 7346255 TI - The reduction in symptoms of diabetic patients after treatment in diabetic clinics. AB - One hundred and seventy-six patients who were newly referred to two diabetic clinics completed an initial questionnaire and a second questionnaire 1 yr later. Over the 1-yr period the average 2-h postprandial blood sugar was reduced from 13.8 to 8.8 mmol/L. The questionnaire included 33 questions on symptoms, and four symptoms improved by more than 10%: increased thirst (reduced by 29%), dry mouth (reduced by 24%), pruritus (17%), and weakness in the limbs (10%). No symptom was increased by more than 7%. The changes in five symptoms were significantly related to the changes in blood sugar observed, the improvement in symptoms being associated with reductions in blood sugar. These results are contrasted with newly referred hypertensive patients in whom marked improvements in symptoms were not observed and an increased frequency of certain symptoms was observed owing to drug side effects. PMID- 7346256 TI - Patient-determined glycosylated hemoglobin measurements: an aid to patient education. AB - The feasibility of patient determination of fast fraction hemoglobin (HbA1) was evaluated. In the laboratory, the fast fraction method correlated well with known mixed standards of between 0 and 40% hemoglobin A1c (r2 = 0.97, slope 1.19) and reasonably well with radioimmunoassay (r2 = 0.78, slope 1.09), although prepackaged columns performed poorly about 18% of the time. Sixteen patients practicing home blood monitoring performed the determination of HbA1 on their own blood obtained from fingerstick. Two hours of patient training were required for the procedure. The correlation of patient determination of HbA1 with the results obtained by the laboratory on venous blood was reasonable (r2 = 0.81 with a slope of 0.88). Patient performance of HbA1 was useful in (1) providing enhanced reinforcement for self-monitoring programs, (2) engaging patients in groups in the monitoring process, and (3) providing an educational tool with which to teach pathophysiologic principles involved in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7346257 TI - Hemoglobin A1 properties of diabetic and uremic patients. AB - Patients with diabetes mellitus as well as those with renal failure had high hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels. However, the portion of HbA1a+b fractions was larger in patients with renal failure than in diabetic patients. Thus, if renal disorder is advanced, caution should be exercised in evaluating HbA1 data. Furthermore, not only is the collective determination of Hb minor components such as HbA1 required, but also investigation of changes in HbA1a+b in patients with renal failure or diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7346258 TI - Study of educational deficits as the cause of hospital admission for diabetes mellitus in a community hospital. AB - Seventy-eight consecutive patients admitted to a community hospital for diabetic complications over a 1-yr period were interviewed in regard to circumstances resulting in their hospitalization. Based on this interview, patients were categorized as to the cause for admission into three groups: (1) educational deficits; (2) psycho-socio-economic deficits; and (3) unavoidable hospital admission. Twenty-seven percent of the patients had a specific educational deficit which was judged to be responsible for their hospitalization; an additional 20% of patients had combined education and psycho-socio-economic deficits accounting for their admission. PMID- 7346259 TI - Absence of hyponatremia with hypoglycemia agents. PMID- 7346260 TI - Research at camp: some social questions. PMID- 7346261 TI - Evidence for a role of endogenous estrogen on follicular growth in immature female rats. PMID- 7346262 TI - Experimental simulation of neuroendocrine dynamics at periparturient periods--a synthetic approach to pregnancy maintenance, parturition and lactation by programmed infusion of sex steroids in ovariectomized rats. AB - The blood levels of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) were artificially controlled in rats ovariectomized on days 19-20 of pregnancy (day 1: sperm in vaginal smears) by 48-168 h intravenous infusions according to 15 different temporally variable programs. The predominance of P infused in various curves for longer than 72 h, caused postmature deliveries on days 24-26 accompanying difficulties in labor and the lack of lactation, although changes in E2 levels antagonistically accelerated the timing of delivery. The most successful delivery and subsequent lactation were induced by an infusion of total amount of 1.5 mg P for 48 h (days 19-21) at a linearly decreasing rate in combination with an infusion of a total amount of 875 ng E2 for 72 h (days 19-22) at a slowly increasing rate, reaching a plateau in the morning of day 21 and rapidly decreasing to nil after that. Spontaneous delivery occurred on day 22 with a normal range of labor duration and no incidence of stillbirth. No further supply of sex steroids was required for the maintenance of lactation. Blood levels of prolactin shortly after delivery were much higher in these lactating ovariectomized rats than in non-lactating animals. The neuroendocrine dynamics at periparturient periods, which triggers the termination of pregnancy and then the induction of parturition and lactation, is discussed in relation to the results of these simulation experiments. PMID- 7346263 TI - Role of the medial preoptic area in the neural control of the nocturnal prolactin surge in the rat. AB - In the present study, the role of the medial preoptic area (MPO) in the neural control of the nocturnal prolactin (PRL) surge was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Cervical stimulation (CS) or bilateral MPO lesions caused a marked nocturnal PRL surge at 0400 h on the fourth day after CS or the lesions in ovariectomized rats in which blood samples were obtained by decapitation. However, operation for indwelling a catheter and serial blood collection completely eliminated the MPO lesion induced nocturnal surge while they did not affect the CS-induced surge. On the other hand, MPO lesions could not induce the nocturnal PRL surge in neonatally androgenized female rats. These results suggest that the MPO not only tonically inhibits the initiation of the nocturnal PRL surge but also has a buffer action on the PRL surge-suppressing action of stress. Furthermore, it may be possible that the failure of CS to initiate and maintain the nocturnal PRL surge in neonatally androgenized rats is not due to the inability of CS to disinhibit the inhibitory action of the MPO, but rather due to the extinction of the circadian rhythm itself of the nocturnal PRL surge in these rats. PMID- 7346264 TI - Modulation of T4 5'-monodeiodination in rat anterior pituitary and liver homogenates by thyroid states and fasting. AB - In order to clarify the role of the pituitary conversion of L-thyroxine (T4) to 3, 5, 3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) in regulating thyrotropin (TSH) secretion, the effect of altered thyroid states and fasting on intrapituitary T3 generation was investigated by a paperchromatographic procedure using the anterior pituitary homogenates. Hepatic T3 generation was also studied for comparison. The rate of pituitary and hepatic T3 generation in normal rats averaged 25.2 +/- 12.4 (mean +/- SE) fmoles T3/mg protein/min and 33.8 +/- 12.7 fmoles T3/mg protein/min, respectively. T4 treatment raised the hepatic T3 generation from T4 (46.7 +/- 3.1 fmoles T3/mg protein/min) and lowered the intrapituitary T3 generation (4.5 +/- 0.2 fmoles T3/mg protein/min). On the contrary, thyroidectomy slowed the hepatic T4 5'-deiodination (11.0 +/- 2.8 fmoles T3/mg protein/min), and accelerated the pituitary T4 5'-deiodination (64.3 +/- 1.4 fmoles T3/mg protein/min). In 48 h fasted rats, serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations were all lower than those in fed rats, and both pituitary and hepatic T3 generations were also suppressed. Thus, altered thyroid states cause an opposite effect on pituitary and liver 5' monodeiodination, whereas fasting causes similar changes. The findings suggest the existence of an autoregulatory mechanism for thyroid hormone activation within the target tissues. PMID- 7346265 TI - Effect of corticosteroids in 10 cases of methimazole-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 7346266 TI - Partial purification of cytoplasmic androgen receptor in rat liver. PMID- 7346267 TI - Remanent magnetic fields for measuring particle retention and distribution in the lungs. AB - A relatively inexpensive method for the noninvasive in vivo detection of ferrimagnetic particles within the lungs of a large laboratory animal, viz., the donkey, is described. The particles were neutron activated prior to inhalation, which permitted a comparison of two different retention measurements for the same particles, i.e., a well-characterized radiological-detection method concurrent with the newer magnetic-field technique. The long-term clearance of the particles from the lung was monitored in terms of the reduction in initial remanent field following magnetization, and the reduction in gamma-ray flux reaching the collimated scintillation detectors. Comparison of the measurements confirmed that the reduction of the initial remanent-field values with time was due to particle clearance rather than a change of the iron state to a nonmagnetic form. This validates previous reports that particle clearance studies can be performed using remanent magnetic-field measurement techniques. However, remanent magnetic-field measurements require careful design and interpretation, since they are highly sensitive to the distribution of the particles within the effective viewing field. PMID- 7346268 TI - Pathways of palmitate metabolism in the isolated rat lung. AB - Plasma fatty acids represent major precursors of lung lipids. In this study, the pathways of palmitate metabolism were measured in an isolated perfused rat lung. Lungs were ventilated with 5% CO2 in air and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate containing 3% serum albumin and 0.25 mM [U-14C] and [9, 10(-3)H] palmitate. Fatty acid utilization was estimated by recovery of radiolabel in products of metabolism. Fourteen percent of a total 14C-fatty-acid utilization of 4.5 mumol fatty acid/100 min/g dry wt. was recovered as 14CO2. Degradation of fatty acid to acetyl CoA was indicated by a 3H2O production that was twice fatty acid oxidation to CO2. The majority of palmitate was recovered in lung phosphatidylcholines with a 14C to 3H ratio of 1.4 accounting for differences between 14C and 3H2O productions. Addition of glucose to the perfusate decreased fatty acid oxidation to CO2 by 32% but had no effect on 14C recovery in phospholipids. Perfusion with the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation 2,4 dinitrophenol stimulated fatty acid oxidation twofold but decreased 14C incorporation into lipids. These data together with estimates of fatty acid synthesis based on 3H2O incorporation into lipids, suggested that exogenous fatty acids and glucose both represent sources of carbon for de novo fatty acid synthesis and energy production. PMID- 7346269 TI - A quantitative study of ciliary injury in the small airways of mice: the effects of nitrogen dioxide. AB - The frequency and types of abnormal cilia prior to and following nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in the small airways of an inbred strain of mice was quantitated by transmission electron microscopy. Age-matched male and female mice were exposed to 20 ppm NO2 for 28 days. In both sexes, exposures to NO2 resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in abnormal cilia characterized by (1) decreased number of ciliary structures on cell surface, (2) focal swelling of the cytoplasmic matrix of the ciliary shaft, and (3) occasional compound cilium. The basal bodies of the ciliated cells from which atypical cilia arose appeared normal. In mice killed 30 days after termination of NO2 exposure, the ciliary morphology returned to normal and the incidence of abnormal cilia decreased to levels observed in controls. These observations indicate that subacute exposure to NO2 causes injury to the ciliary shaft; these changes are reversible within 30 days following removal from NO2. PMID- 7346270 TI - Cranio-metaphyseal striatiform dysplasia--conventional radiography and CT findings. PMID- 7346271 TI - Computed tomography of "pleuroma"--a cancer mimicking atelectatic pseudotumor of the lung. AB - Characteristic radiographic features of "pleuroma"--an atelectatic pseudotumor of the lung, have previously been described. Knowledge of the existence of this lesion and its appearance is necessary if confusion with lung carcinoma is to be avoided. In a remarkable case these factors are demonstrated. In addition to conventional chest x-rays linear tomography and computed tomography was used to confirm the diagnosis of a "pleuroma" and to exclude a suspected carcinoma of the lung. It is thought that the combination of radiographic findings and CT patterns may enhance the possibilities of identifying and confirming the lesion and be helpful in preventing morbidity and mortality by preventing unnecessary invasive tests and/or surgery. PMID- 7346272 TI - Contrast media-induced side effects on excitation and conduction of electrical activity in the heart on intracardiac application. Investigations in anaesthetized dogs. AB - In several series of experiments with intracardiac application in anaesthetized dogs, the following contrast media were tested for their adverse effects on excitation and conduction of electrical activity in the heart. Diatrizoate, lysine-diatrizoate, lysine-sodium-diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iopamidol, iodamide, ioxitalamate, ioglicinate and metrizamide. Blood pressure and, using the His' bundle-ECG technique, the parameters P0-P1 (heart rate), A1-H1 period (conduction time in the AV-node), and H1-V1 period (conduction time in the TAWARA branches) were measured. A statistical correlation exists between osmolarity and blood pressure (higher osmolarity causes a greater decrease in blood pressure), as well as between osmolality and decrease in heart rate (higher osmolarity causes a greater decrease in heart rate). The delay in conduction time in the AV-node correlates only with viscosity and sodium content (increased viscosity with increased sodium content delays the time of conduction). A tendency towards delay in conduction in the TAWARA branches could not be correlated to any one of the physico-chemical parameters studied. PMID- 7346273 TI - Radiologic anatomy of pudendal artery. PMID- 7346274 TI - Arteriography before toe to hand free tissue transfer operation. AB - During the last two years the hand surgeons performed toe to hand transfer operations on eight patients. Preoperative hand and foot arteriography was carried out in all cases. This is important in order to determine which arteries can be used and which toe should be selected for the transfer. The great toe was transplanted in three patients and the second toe in five. In seven cases the operation was successful but in one the transferred second toe was lost. There was no difference between the diameters of the anastomosed arteries in the successful cases and in the failure, but the diameter of the digital artery in the latter was smaller than in the successful cases. PMID- 7346275 TI - Hepatic lymphatics in patients with liver diseases. Preliminary observations. PMID- 7346276 TI - Tumours in the region of the papilla of Vater. Diagnosis via endoscopy, biopsy, brush cytology, ERPC and CT-scan. AB - Thirty-two cases of tumour in the region of papilla of Vater are reported including five benign lesions (papillitis, polyp, duodenitis) and 27 periampullary carcinomas. Duodenoscopy has a key position in the diagnosis of these lesions, since by judging the endoscopic appearance of the papilla a forceps biopsy and brush cytology can be performed. Accuracy of forceps biopsy is up to 66%, whereas diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology only reaches about 44%. Because of the possible false positive results, brush cytology should be regarded with reserve in the diagnosis of periampullary carcinomas. Retrograde filling of contrast medium of bile and/or pancreatic ducts mainly serves for delineation of tumour size and allows fine needle aspiration under fluoroscopy. Success rate of retrograde cannulation is rather low. CT-scans are of great importance in detecting metastases of liver and/or regional lymphnodes but are of little value in diagnosing the primary lesion. PMID- 7346277 TI - Attenuation and contrast enhancement of gynecologic organs and tumors in CT. AB - CT scans were obtained of 11 normal women and 34 women with gynecologic tumors. Twenty-three of 26 women with known malignant tumors had abnormal CT scans while all control patients had normal. The tumor extent demonstrated by CT correlated with either pathologic or surgical staging in 78%. Contrast enhancement increased the diagnostic yield and accuracy of staging. Attenuation values of the normal uterus and uterine tumors are quite similar prior to contrast medium. After administration of contrast agent the normal myometrium attenuation values increase more than other pelvic tissues. Uterine tumors show substantially less enhancement and show a greater variation of density throughout the tumor than normal myometrium. Density readings are not predictive of histologic type or tumor grade. Tumor was best detected and its extent best seen after high doses of intravenous contrast medium infusion, which should be considered a routine part of the diagnostic evaluation of these patients. PMID- 7346278 TI - The lumbar spinal canal in children. Part II: the interpedicular distance and its relation to the sagittal diameter and transverse pedicular width. AB - The lumbar interpedicular distance in 100 children aged 3-15 years have been determined radiologically before and after correction for magnification in the different age groups. The increase by age was approximately 2,5 mm in the upper four lumbar levels and 3,3 mm in L5. The difference between the vertebral levels was almost similar in the different age groups. A rather weak correlation between the interpedicular distance and the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal was found, strongest at the fourth lumbar level. No correlation was found between the interpedicular distance and the size of the pedicles. The results are discussed with reference to the pertinent embryology and with emphasis on the implications with regards to stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 7346279 TI - Radiology pitfalls in the use of barium enema in pediatric appendicitis. AB - Barium enema (BE) is usefull and safe in diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis, but pitfalls must be avoided. Reasons for false negative BE include failing to or inability to obtain good compression local views of the cecum and accepting a partially filled appendix as normal. In addition to right ovarian lesions in girls, there are less common causes of false positives, including mucocele, intussuscepted appendix, and recurrent inflammation of appendiceal stump. Non filing of the appendix is not in itself abnormal. Abdominal ultrasound may be complementary, and increasingly is becoming the primary imaging modality for uncertain appendicitis. PMID- 7346280 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides of the colon in the adult. PMID- 7346281 TI - Percutaneous aspiration of an occult splenic and perisplenic hematoma with computed tomography. PMID- 7346282 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in patients exposed to X-rays and contrast medium. AB - Chromosomal aberrations have been evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes of four patients before and after X-ray examination with contrast medium. In each patient the rate of dicentrics was significantly increased after examination. Averaged over the patients, the increase is about seven times higher in comparison to the value before examination, an aberration frequency too high to be induced by radiation alone. Since no predisposed chromosomal radiation sensitivity was observed by in vitro experiments and the aberration yield is comparable to all patients, we assume that the increase after X-ray diagnosis is likely to be induced by application of contrast medium. PMID- 7346283 TI - Physical principles of NMR tomography. AB - Using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography it is possible to produce sectional images of the density and relaxation times of the protons within the human body. After a review of the general principles of nuclear magnetic resonance it is explained how this physical effect can be used for generating tomographic images in medical diagnosis. The major components of an imaging system and the physical and technical potentials and limitations of this new method are described. The different appearance of tissue and body fluids in spin-density, T1 and T2 images, as well as resulting problems of interpretation are discussed with typical examples. PMID- 7346284 TI - [Porphyria cutanea tarda in female patients with special regard to hormonal contraception (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346285 TI - [To the personality of the tattooed young person - a contribution for the prophylaxis of tattoos (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346286 TI - [Effects of DNCB on skin enzymes. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7346287 TI - [Mycological investigations during the cryopreservation of human semen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346288 TI - [Nickel dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346289 TI - [Melanotic problastomastosis]. PMID- 7346290 TI - [Segmental analysis of congenital cardiopathies. Role of 2-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 7346291 TI - [Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias due to re-entry via concealed retrograde atrio-His bypass (author's transl)]. AB - Recently there have been proposed electrophysiologic criteria for the diagnosis of a concealed atrio-His bypass tract in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PST). In order to verify the reliability of the proposed criteria--among the patients we studied for PST without ventricular preexcitation and in whom retrograde His bundle activation was recorded--we have chosen those with normal anterograde A-V conduction, with constant (or minimal increases) V-A interval during ventricular pacing and with short (less than 50 msec) and constant H2-A2 interval during ventricular premature stimulation. We encountered 15 patients with these electrophysiologic characteristics (37-73 years). H2-A2 interval (measured from the end of the His bundle deflection to the earliest atrial activity) ranged 20-45 msec (mean: 33 msec). The prolongation of S2-A2 interval observed in all patients was always within the S2-H2 tract. The retrograde effective refractory period of the A-V nodal region was always short, but not evaluable in any of the patients since it was shorter than that of ventricular myocardium (14 cases) or of His-Purkinje system (1 case). The S1-H2 interval was measured to evaluate whether during ventricular premature stimulation the retrograde His bundle activation was in fact anticipated. In 14 out of 15 patients this interval varied within a very narrow range: 0-20 msec. For this reason we believe that the differential diagnosis between a concealed atrio-His bypass and an accelerated retrograde A-V conduction can only be made if during electrophysiologic study a tachycardia is induced; in such case the detection of an H-Ae interval identical to H2A2, together with a normal retrograde atrial activation, is indicative of a bypass of the A-V node. A concealed atrio-His bypass tract must be differentiated also by a concealed septal Kent bundle; also in this case we believe that the detection of an H-Ae interval identical to H2-A2 indicates the former type of bypass. We conclude that a concealed atrio-His bypass can be diagnosed only if, besides the electrophysiologic criteria proposed by other authors, there is an H-Ae interval the same as H2A2. PMID- 7346292 TI - [Familial sudden death in preexcitation syndrome. Surgical interruption of the anomalous pathways in two brothers (author's transl)]. AB - We describe the results of surgical dissection of multiple accessory pathways in two brothers. A significant family history of pre-excitation syndrome was present: two children died suddenly and at the autopsy of one of them an accessory atrioventricular connection was found. In the first patient the preoperative electrophysiologic study showed anterior septal and posterior septal accessory pathways, and enhanced conduction in the A-V node. The second patient had the following anomalous connections: enhanced conduction in the A-V node; anterior septal, posterior septal and right lateral accessory pathways; Mahaim fiber. Intraoperative mapping, performed during pacing from different sites at different cycle length, was used to define the atrial and ventricular insertions of the accessory pathways as well as to confirm the surgical success. PMID- 7346293 TI - [The effects of digoxin administration on normal and pathological sinus node function. An electrophysiological study (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 normal subjects (group I), in 12 subjects with asymptomatic sinus bradycardia (group II) and in 18 patients with symptomatic sick sinus syndrome (group III), sinus node cycle length (SNCL), sinus node recovery time (SNRT), corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT), sino-atrial conduction time (SACT), have been evaluated before and after an acute digoxin administration. Mean value of SNCL lengthened significantly in all groups. Mean value of SNRT increased moderately in the first group, remarkably in the third group, whereas it showed a mild but statistically insignificant increase in the second group. Mean value of CSNRT was significantly lengthened only in the third group. Mean value of SACT showed a mild but statistically insignificant lengthening in all groups. In order to investigate the importance of the parasympathetic action induced by digitalis, in 4 normal subjects, in 4 patients with asymptomatic sinus bradycardia, and in 10 patients with symptomatic sick sinus syndrome, SNCL, CSNRT and SACT has been evaluated after an intravenously, administration of atropine, following digoxin. In the paper the intricate mechanisms by which digitalis affects the parameters of sinus nodal function especially in patients with symptomatic sick sinus syndrome, are discussed. In disagreement with the mot papers reported in the literature we think that an acute digoxin administration is able to worsen the electrophysiological parameters of sinus nodal function especially in patients with symptomatic sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7346294 TI - [Dynamic ECG, exercise stress testing and coronary arteriography for the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. A Bayesian analysis of probability (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of great technological improvement in Ambulatory ECG Monitoring (AEM), there is still debate about its reliability in detecting ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and about the utility of AEM and Exercise Stress Testing (ET)--apart and/or in association--to predict Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). 50 consecutive male patients (pts) (mean age 51 +/- 69 years, 37 to 64 years) were studied for precordial chest pain. 17 had evidence of previous myocardial infarction. Resting ECG was normal in 21 pts and abnormal in 29; no pt received therapy during the examination period. ECG recordings were considered positive for ischemic ECG changes if there was greater than or equal to 1 mm of horizontal or down sloping ST-segment depression or ST-segment elevation of the same degree for greater than or equal to 0.08 sec in at least 15 consecutive beats; coronary arteriography was considered positive for significant CAD if any major vessel had greater than or equal to 75% luminal diameter narrowing. The percentage of false negative results was similar in AEM and ET (22.7% vs 22.2%); the false positives were few with both tests: 2 pts and 1 pt respectively; Bayesian probability (post-test likelihood for disease) calculated using the prevalence of CAD estimated from 2124 male pts who underwent coronary angiography in our Laboratory, for a given test result was very high: 97.1% +/- 1.3% (AEM), 98.6% +/- 1.1% (ET) and 98.1% +/ 1.1% (AEM & ET if concordant); post-test likelihood for CAD in a patient who did not show the given test result decreased to 67.8% +/- 1.3% (AEM), 60.9% +/- 1.1% (ET) and 52.1% +/- 1.1% (AEM & ET if concordant). The application of Bayes' theorem to these two non invasive tests improves the evaluation of patients with suspected CAD; the association of AEM and ET enhances the diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7346295 TI - [The lipoproteic state in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The lipoproteic state of 28 patients with coronary heart disease (CDH) and 44 normal subjects (total N. 72) has been analyzed. In normal subjects the results showed an increase of triglyceride (TG), VLDL with age. For subjects between 20 and 40 years of age, higher values of HDL and lower RF were observed in women than in men. In CHD patients, between 40 and 60 years, higher values of total cholesterol (TC) were observed in women than in men (p less than 0,05). The comparison between male CHD patients and normal male subjects indicated a reduction of HDL and an increase of the risk factor (RF) (p less than 0,05) in coronary patients. However, the female patients showed lower levels of HDL in combination with higher values of TC, LDL, RF, and TG when compared with the control group. PMID- 7346296 TI - [Vectorcardiographic study in elderly subjects with a normal ECG (author's transl)]. AB - In order to estimate if the elderly subjects with a normal ECG present vectorcardiographic (VCG) changes, were analyzed the VCG of 35 patients of age between 65 and 84 years with a normal ECG, negative anamnesis, objective cardiovascular examination and no radiological alteration of the cardiac image. These patients were divided in two groups according to the age: the first included 20 patients of age between 65 and 74 years, the second 15 patients between 75 and 84 years. A group of control with an average variable between 40 and 59 years, was also examined. The P, QRS and T loops were examined. The P loop, with a lessened magnitude (mV), particularly in second group, was directed inferiorly and anteriorly as regards controls, with initial, middle and/or terminal slurrings. On the QRS loop, in second group, were found the following changes: the Initial Vectors are directed inferiorly and anteriorly, the Maximum Spatial Vector more superiorly and anteriorly and Terminal Vectors more superiorly and posteriorly therefore the loop appeared frequently distorted on the frontal plane. The loop, with a lessened magnitude, particularly in second group, more frequently counter-clockwise inscripted on the frontal plane. Time of occurrence of Maximum QRS Vector (msec) was found more precocious. The T loop, with a lessened magnitude, particularly in second group, resulted slightly deviated inferiorly and anteriorly. The observed changes appeared modest and of a kind more quantitative, that is expressed by changes in the magnitude and relation between different vectorial groups, than qualitative, that is in relation to changes in the orientation and succession of such vectors. These changes, more frequent in the second group patients, don't give generally problems of differential diagnosis with the myocardial infarcts, hypertrophies or conduction disturbances. They are likely in relation to histological and/or metabolic changes in the myocardium common tipic of old age and in a lesser degree to anatomic and haemodynamic changes in the senile heart. PMID- 7346297 TI - [Effects of different methodological criteria on the prevalence rate of hypertension in the population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346298 TI - [Control in vitro of myopotential interference (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346299 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography for identification of temporally altered activity in pacemakers (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of subjects with implanted pacemakers are reported. The patients temporarily presented suspected symptoms of altered activity of the pacemakers. On the other hand usual tests demonstrated a regular activity of the pacemakers. The dynamic electrocardiography, by a regular registration during 24/48 hours and during usual working, documented; once a partial hole in the circuits of the generator, twice a partial break of the catheter, once a displacement. It is underlined the importance of dynamic electrocardiography to identify temporarily altered activity of pacemakers, undiagnosticable by disposable usual tests. PMID- 7346300 TI - [Comparison between M-mode echocardiography and 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy for diagnosis of transient myocardial ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of M-mode echocardiography (M-mode) and of 201Thallium myocardial scintigraphy (201T1) to detect transient myocardial ischemia at rest in man. Fourteen male patients (pts) were studied by the two techniques under basal conditions and during episodes of angina at rest. Data were obtained in 2 pts in rapid succession during the same episode, in the remaining 12 pts in different episodes with electrocardiographic changes similar in site, type, entity and duration. Echocardiographic criteria of transient ischemia (reversible asynergies and transient reduction of systolic thickening) were present in 9/11 pts during episodes of ST segment elevation; the scintigraphic ones (reversible perfusion defects) in 10/11 pts. In 3 pts during episodes of ST segment depression M-mode was positive in 2, 201T1 in all three. The poor acoustic window in 2 pts and the involvement in one of left ventricular lateral wall not seen by M-mode on parasternal approach, may account for the 3 false negatives of M-mode. The single false negative of 201T1 can be related to the short duration (1') of the episode. A complete correspondence of site of ischemia, detected by ECG, M-mode and T1, was observed. In conclusion, M-mode appears a reliable technique for detecting transient ischemic episodes, being the main limits the acoustic window and the incapacity in exploring all ventricular walls and the main advantage the high temporal resolution, which permits to study continuously the full sequence of the ischemic event. On the other hand 201T1 does not allow detection of episodes of short duration. This two techniques, when combined in anginal patients, provide complementary information on perfusion and contraction respectively. The reliability of these techniques in the assessment of transient myocardial ischemia is the basis for their possible diagnostic use in pts with transient specific ECG changes or with typical anginal pain without ECG evidence of ischemia. PMID- 7346301 TI - Comparative accuracy of cross-sectional echocardiography and cineventriculography for left ventricular evaluation after myocardial infarction. AB - 223 patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) 29-68 years old, have been studied in a double-blind manner both by 2D-Echocardiography and cineventriculography. 5 cross-sectional views and 2 angiographic projections have been employed in order to assess the presence of aneurysm and the motion of the left ventricle. The left ventricle has been divided into 5 anatomic regions: interventricular septum, anterolateral, posterolateral, apical and inferior walls. By cineangiography an aneurysm was diagnosed in 89 patients (one pseudoaneurysm); by 2D-Echo in 83 patients an aneurysm was diagnosed, whereas in the 6 remaining patients the Echocardiogram was nondiagnostic (specificity 100%, sensitivity 93%). Concerning regional motion characteristics, 997 (89%) of 1115 regions were visualized and 905 (91%) correctly identified according to the angiographic findings. Of 92 discrepancies (9%): 64 were attributed to 2D-Echo (69%) and 28 (31%) were attributed to cineangiography; most of the discrepancies attributed to echo resulted from minor grades of asynergy which caused unresolved disagreements between the Echo and angiography findings. It is concluded that Cross-sectional echocardiography is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of aneurysm of the left ventricle (specificity 100% and sensitivity 93%) and for the study of wall motion characteristics. In cases with generalized abnormality of left ventricle motion, resulting in a picture of congestive cardiomyopathy, 2D-Echo can be a substitute for cineangiography. In all other instances both techniques can provide more complete information on ventricular wall abnormalities. PMID- 7346302 TI - [Clinical application of echocardiokymography for detection of global and sectorial dyskinesias (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical application of a new ultrasonic technique, echocardiokymography (ECKG), has been showed particularly useful in the detection of myocardial and pericardial dyskinesias. In patients with congestive cardiomyopathy, the global hypokynesia was confirmed by the ECKG; regional impairment of parietal wall motion after myocardial infarction is clearly demonstrated by the technique; acute and chronic pericarditis show peculiar kymographic patterns. The ECKG is a kind of two-dimensional examination, that keeps some of the advantages of the time-motion, in the comparative study of cardiac walls dynamics. PMID- 7346303 TI - [Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography of hepatic veins in the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is often controversial. We used peripheral venous contrast echocardiography for the detection and the quantitative assessment of valvular regurgitation. We studied 10 normal subjects, 7 patients with atrial fibrillation, but without tricuspid lesions, 36 patients with TR confirmed by right heart catheterization, divided in three subgroups, according to ventriculography and jugular pulse recording: 10 cases with mild TR, 17 cases with moderate TR, 9 with severe regurgitation. After the injection of contrast medium (CM) (saline solution), the regurgitant flow was visualized in the hepatic veins (HV) and in the inferior vena cava (IVC), by two-dimensional subxiphoid projections; the time of disappearance of the CM was studied by time motion echograms. The appearance of CM in the HV and in IVC wasn't demonstrated in any normal case. Subjects with atrial fibrillation alone, showed, in 71,5% of cases of persistence of CM in IVC for less than 10 cardiac beats. The diagnosis of severe TR was correctly made in 100% of cases; in all the patients the CM was showed in the HV for more than 40 beats. In patients with mild TR, the diagnosis was correct in 60% of cases with a short persistence of the CM in the HV. In the other cases of mild TR, the presence of CM in HV was misinterpreted as due to atrial fibrillation. Moderate TR was correctly recognized in 70.5% of patients, while in the remainder it was under or overestimated. The method shows a good sensitivity; some cases with atrial fibrillation, in the absence of TR, may cause "false-positive" diagnosis. PMID- 7346304 TI - [Echocardiographic features of the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve is a new low-profile bileaflet prosthesis with central flow, low transvalvular gradients and low thrombogenicity. Echocardiographic features of 212 correctly functioning SJM prostheses implanted in 160 patients were studied. A SJM prosthesis echogram is unique for the presence of echoes from two hemidisks that come together when the valve opens and separate when the valves close. The movement of the two hemidisks is not always synchronous. A little asynchronism (less than 0.01 sec.) is possible as the valve begins to open. More pronounced asynchronisms are recorded in prostheses implanted in mitral position and specially when the R-R interval is longer than 1 sec. In this case partial or definitive mid-diastolic closure of the posterior hemidisk is frequent. On the contrary the anterior hemidisk always remains in maximum open position for the complete duration of the diastole. Opening and closing velocities of the valve are extremely variable. However, opening velocity, independent of where the prosthesis is implanted, is always slower than the closing one. The opening valve interval is 0.06-0.10 sec. in mitral position and 0.03-0.05 sec. in aortic position. Echocardiography is a very useful diagnostic tool for evaluating the efficiency of SJM prosthesis. Data obtained from echograms of prostheses implanted in mitral position prove that the inertia of the valve hemidisks is similar to that of natural valve leaflets. PMID- 7346305 TI - [Indications to the surgical treatment of patients with "simple" transposition of the great arteries. Analysis of 302 cases surgically treated according to mustard's technique (author's transl)]. AB - Between January 1965 and December 1979, 302 patients underwent Mustard's operation for "simple" transposition of the great arteries (TGA). 31 cases who underwent Senning operation for "simple" TGA and 7 patients with "simple" TGA and severe pulmonary vascular disease, in whom Mustard's operation was performed and a ventricular septal defect created, have not been included in the present series. The patients analysed ranged in age from 3 days to 17 years (mean = 27,6 months) and in weight from 2.7 to 40 Kg (mean = 9.9 Kg). The technique originally described by Mustard was used, with some technical modifications. There were 26 early deaths (early mortality rate = 9%). The hospital mortality was 16% during the period 1965-1969, 75% between 1970 and 1974, while during the last 5 years it was 6%. The hospital mortality was lower among the infants between 6 and 12 months of age (6%), compared with an early mortality rate of 11% among those younger than 6 months and 9% in the age group over 1 year. There were 34 late deaths (12% of the survivors). Reoperation was performed in 42 cases. Forty patients required revision of the inter-atrial baffle for pulmonary and/or caval venous obstruction and 10 of them subsequently died. Post-operative venous obstructions were observed more frequently in patients with dumb-bell shaped dacron patch, which has been since 6 years abandoned. Since the introduction of Brom's trouser shape pericardial patch, venous obstructions are extremely rare. Both patients who underwent reoperation respectively for severe tricuspid valve incompetence and for occlusion of the left pulmonary artery, died early after reoperation. In our Unit, the actual management program for patients with "simple" TGA is the following. We keep to a minimum the degree of invasive investigations, 2 D ECHO diagnoses TGA with great accuracy. At the initial cardiac catheterization, a balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) is performed. A good inter-atrial mixing is usually obtained with balloons sized more than 2.5 ml. Angiocardiography is undertaken only when associated lesions, such as patent ductus arteriosus or aortic coarctation are suspected. If the child improves, complete investigation is performed at 3-4 months of age and the inter-atrial redirection of the venous inflow is scheduled for the age of 8-12 months. If the child fails to improve after BAS or deteriorates during the waiting period, restudy is performed immediately to ensure that additional lesions are not present and that the inter-atrial shunt is adequate. Rather than a surgical atrial septectomy, in this group of cases we prefer an early intracardial total repair, irrespective of age and weight. PMID- 7346306 TI - One year efficacy and tolerability of oxprenolol slow-release and chlorthalidone on fixed combination in mild to moderate hypertension. AB - The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of oxprenolol 160 mg slow-release + chlortalidone 20 mg was studied in 40 out patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 patients were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the patients, respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 patients complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of oxprenolol 160 mg slow-release + chlorthalidone 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate hypertension with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved patient compliance. PMID- 7346307 TI - [Comparison between timolol maleate and alphamethyldopa in longterm treatment of essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346308 TI - [Paradoxical effect of atropine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346309 TI - Abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in juvenile diabetics as preclinical signs of autonomic neuropathy. AB - The prevalence of abnormalities of cardiovascular reflexes as a marker of autonomic neuropathy was studied in a group of juvenile diabetics with long standing disease, aged 20-58 years (mean 36). No patient had clinical evidence of autonomic failure. The study was carried out employing the most simple techniques and routine equipment. Resting heart rate, beta-to-beat variation, Valsalva ratio, systolic blood pressure in supine position and immediately after standing were measured. The results were compared with those determined in an age and sex matched population. Beat-to-beat variation test appeared to be the most sensitive technique in detecting an impaired autonomic function (12/54 = 22.2%). Resting tachycardia was found in 10 patients and postural hypotension in 6. Only 1 patient had an abnormal Valsalva ratio associated with postural hypotension and reduced beta-to-beat variation. In agreement with previous studies our data confirm that autonomic dysfunction is frequent in asymptomatic diabetics. The methods to detect these abnormalities are easy to perform. Therefore they may be routinely used as screening tests in the diabetic population. PMID- 7346310 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary embolism by vena cava filter of Mobin-Uddin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346311 TI - [Multiprogrammable pacemaker. Current status and future prospects]. PMID- 7346312 TI - [Initial experiences in implanting sequential atrioventricular stimulators using a new technic via the left subclavian vein]. PMID- 7346313 TI - [Vectorcardiogram and electrocardiogram processing service dedicated to clinical research]. PMID- 7346314 TI - [Method for collecting and filing clinical information on heart surgery patients]. PMID- 7346315 TI - [Intensive care chart for postoperative treatment based on systems analysis]. PMID- 7346316 TI - [Persistence of fetal circulation. Clinical and angiographic evaluation of two cases. Review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Persistent fetal circulation ("PFC") is a condition characterized by perduring after birth of fetal hemodynamic pattern: persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance then occurs. "PFC" is a high mortality syndrome recently recognized as a cause of severe cyanosis and tachypnea in full-term newborns. Perinatal hypoxia, hyperviscosity, acidosis etc, may be also responsible of a persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased right heart pressures cause a right to left shunt across the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale not yet completely closed at birth. In this paper the clinical and angiographic evaluation of two full-term newborns, males, 5 days and 5 months old, are described, who presented with tachypnea, cyanosis and heart failure. Moreover we want to make a critical review of medical literature about this subject. The electrocardiogram of both patients showed right ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia. The chest roentgenograms showed cardiac enlargement and increased pulmonary vascular markings. Lung and central nervous system disorders were excluded by clinical and instrumental exams. Both patients underwent cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in order to exclude a congenital heart disease. There was just evidence of pulmonary vascular resistance and right to left shunt at ductal and atrial level. O2 100% administration in one patient determined a decrease in pulmonary resistance and the shunting abolition. Clinical and hemodynamic patterns of this syndrome are very different. There are "simple forms" with normal myocardial function and "complex" higher mortality forms with evidence of cardiac involvement. It is often difficult to distinguish such forms from the other causes of central cyanosis and/or cardiac failure in the newborn as transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: the individualization of the syndrome then may be impossible without cardiac catheterization. A correct diagnosis for a precocious and reasonable treatment are extremely important for the survival of such critical newborns. PMID- 7346317 TI - [Atresia of the left atrioventricular orifice with "normal" aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Though atresia of the left atrioventricular (av) orifice can show multiple types of ventricular morphology and different ventriculo-arterial (va) connections, clinical prognosis and surgical reliability depend upon the size of the aorta. Two cases with "normal" aorta are reported. The first was a female baby, died at four months, who had atresia of the left av orifice with right main ventricular chamber, va discordance and moderate pulmonary stenosis. The fatal outcome was due to progressive restriction of the foramen ovale. The second patient was studied at six months, is still alive, and showed atresia of the left av orifice with left main ventricular chamber, va discordance and pulmonary blood overload. According to this type of anatomy, modified Fontan procedure is postulated as possible and reliable surgical correction. PMID- 7346318 TI - Aortic atresia associated with the right atrial isomeric form of situs ambiguus. AB - A case is described which had the right isomeric form of situs ambiguus. A common atrial chamber was found with bilateral appendages of right morphology and bilateral superior venae cavae entered the chamber. It communicated through a common atrioventricular valve with a sole ventricular chamber of morphologically right ventricular type which gave rise anteriorly to the pulmonary trunk. There was aortic atresia, the coronary arteries and head and arm arteries being fed in retrograde fashion by a ductus arteriosus. It is emphasized that while aortic atresia is exceedingly rare in situs ambiguus of right isomeric type, it can exist. The case also exhibits the advantages to be gained from categorizing atrial situs on the basis of atrial morphology. PMID- 7346319 TI - [Echocardiographic and haemodynamic correlations in a case of hypoplasia of the right ventricle (author's transl)]. AB - The authors correlate echocardiographic and haemodynamic reports of a 12 year old patient with congestive heart failure and enlarged heart, secondary to fibrotic cardiomyopathy which effected the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) apex. The echocardiographic M-mode examination showed: dilatation of the RV; ectasis and akinesis of the apex of the LV; the left auricle small for hypoafflux; tricuspid valve very noticeable with defective end-diastolic closure, delayed 0,80 msec as regards to the mitral valve, and in which it was not possible to identify the proto-diastolic opening; typical movement of the pulmonary valve, according to French's description, with synchronous opening to the atrial systole; paradoxical movement of septum, with the peculiarity of showing the maximum posterior movement relating to the atrial systole. Catheterism indicated same pressures in the right auricle, RV and pulmonary artery, as is typical of right ventricle ipoplastic. Angiography confirmed echocardiographic reports revealing an enlarged right auricle and an ectasic and akinetic RV; the tricuspid valve was normally established and it remained almost constantly open; the apex of the LV was ectasic and akinetic. In conclusion, for the akinesis of the RV, the blood flow in the pulmonary artery was secured by atrial systole; such a haemodynamic situation had already been indicated by the echocardiographic examination for the absence of the real systolic closure of the tricuspid valve that the authors indicate as the most characteristic sign of such a table, together with the opening of the pulmonary valve with atrial systole. PMID- 7346320 TI - [Electrophysiological study in a subject with trifascicular block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346321 TI - [Right ventricle myocardial infarction: scintigraphic and echocardiographic findings. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a case of left ventricle myocardial infarction who showed right ventricular failure. The patient is been studied by mono and bidimensional echocardiography, myocardial scintigraphy, ecg, chest X ray and right catheterism. Myocardial scintigraphy localized "cold" areas in interventricular septum and in right inferior wall. Echocardiography showed dilatation of the right side but not on the left heart side. The not invasive examinations allowed to assess that right ventricular failure was primary and not secondary left ventricular failure. The authors discuss findings of echocardiographic examination and of other non invasive methods. PMID- 7346322 TI - [Threatening arrhythmia by uncommon digitalic toxicosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the case of a 38 year old woman who ate some buds of "Helleborus viridis" collected in the mountains mistaken for wild asparagus. The clinical patterns were like in the digitalic toxicosis: the woman presented both ventricular and supraventricular threatening arrhythmias, gastro-enteric troubles, systemic hypotension. The patient improved with the glucose, potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate infusion and intravenous xylocaine. The authors conclude that in case of patient with threatening arrhythmias of unknown genesis it is useful to pay attention to the wild vegetables ingestion. PMID- 7346323 TI - [Aortic root dissection: echocardiographic demonstration of a torn intimal flap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346324 TI - [Anatomic stages in the development of renal tumors]. PMID- 7346325 TI - [Clinical analysis of cases of renal tuberculosis seen in recent times]. PMID- 7346326 TI - [The effect of antibodies induced by antigens from neuronal and glial tissue of the geniculate bodies on cerebral evoked potentials and behavior]. PMID- 7346327 TI - [The effect of hormones on immunity and other types of reactivity]. PMID- 7346328 TI - [The effect of the pineal gland on behavior of the animal]. PMID- 7346329 TI - [Study of endocrinological function in the population of the high and low regions of Crna Gora]. PMID- 7346330 TI - [Study of the allergic status of the population of Ivanjica and Kusici]. PMID- 7346331 TI - [The status of the cardiovascular system in the population of Kusici and Ivanjica]. PMID- 7346332 TI - [Biological, pharmaco-medical and pharmaco-economical importance of protecting medicinal and similar plants growing in nature, Importance and possibilities for international cooperation]. PMID- 7346333 TI - [Characteristics of childhood asthma]. PMID- 7346334 TI - [Cellular immunity responses in the allergic manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7346335 TI - [Contact with a foreign surface as a stimulant for activating biological substances from the viewpoint of physiological processes]. PMID- 7346336 TI - [Correlation between the LIF test with PPD and the skin tuberculin reaction in experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 7346337 TI - [The etiology, pathology and treatment of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7346338 TI - [Pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in audiogenic stress]. PMID- 7346339 TI - [Pharmacognostic list for Juzni Kucaj, Johor and Paracinska Pomoravlja. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7346340 TI - [A report on the "Specific Hypersensitivity" project 1970-1980]. PMID- 7346341 TI - [Complex treatment of bronchial asthma including the favorable effects of climate]. PMID- 7346342 TI - [Conditioned reflexes and allergy]. PMID- 7346343 TI - [Immunologic basis of obstructive bronchitis in infants and small children]. PMID- 7346344 TI - [Immunologic disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7346345 TI - [Immune status in patients on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7346346 TI - [Hypersensitivity to the work place in the pharmacy industry]. PMID- 7346347 TI - [Architecture and the conditioned reflex in modern man]. PMID- 7346348 TI - [The anaphylactic reaction and the control of ovulation]. PMID- 7346349 TI - [Consciousness as a psychophysiologic condition]. PMID- 7346350 TI - [The effect of the psyche and emotions on phonation]. PMID- 7346351 TI - [The effect of environmental factors on bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7346352 TI - [Pollutants of the ecosystem in Pancevo]. PMID- 7346353 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of reconstructive surgery of the flexor tendons in the "no man's land" of the hand. Factors affecting the final results]. AB - For flexor tendon lacerations in "no man's land" of the hand the author has developed a preoperative classification system for predicting functional results which is an extension of the work of Boyes and Buck-Gramcko. On the basis of a review of the literature as well as his own experience, the author found that the prognosis after secondary reconstructive procedures depends above all on the age of the patient, the interval between injury and surgery, the nature and severity of the injury and the associated injuries. After considering these factors, a point system was developed by which very good, good, satisfactory, and poor results could be predicted. In this way, a standardized and moderate surgical approach can be developed and an exact evaluation and comparison of results can be instituted, Since a system for predicting of functional results has been developed, it is recommended that this system be adapted to help identify improved surgical methods of handling certain severe tendon injuries. PMID- 7346355 TI - [Graner's intercarpal arthrodesis]. AB - Graner's intercarpal arthrodesis was performed in 10 patients with Kienbock's disease. The procedure consists in excision of the deformed lunate bone, cartilage resection in the adjacent intercarapal joints (Fig. 5), transverse osteotomy of the capitate bone, transposition of its proximal part to the place of the lunate, fixation with Kirschner wires and filling all the remaining bone spaces with cancellous bone. Postoperative immobilisation was necessary for about three months. Eight of these patients were reviewed 1 to 4 years postoperatively. 40% were free of pain, 50% have some pain and 10% moderate to severe pain. The range of motion in the wrist was restricted between one and two thirds, the strength of the grip on average was one third of the normal values. Severe arthrotic changes were considered as contraindications for this procedure, because their further development was no stopped by the intercarpal arthrodesis and will interfere with the positive aspects of this procedure. PMID- 7346354 TI - [Isolated loss of function of the flexor pollicis longus muscles in moderate polyneuropathy]. AB - A 60 year old female patient was referred to us with the diagnosis of a traumatic rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. Because of disturbances in sensitivity in the superficial branch of the radial nerve, we carried out a neurological examination. A mild polyneuropathy was found, but there was no evidence against the presence of a trauma-induced rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. In the surgical revision, a rupture could not be detected. However, the musculature of the flexor pollicis longus differed markedly in color and consistency from the other flexors and the histological examination showed atrophy patterns of the muscle fibers which are typical for polyneuropathy of the distal type. PMID- 7346356 TI - [Treatment outcome in de Quervain's dislocation fracture]. AB - In De Quervains dislocation fracture pseudarthroses of the scaphoid bone following closed reduction are very common, 59% being reported in a former publication. Exact adaptation of the fragments after reduction of the perilunar dislocation is essential for healing of the fracture. In cases where this is not possible by conservative means, open reduction and screwing of the scaphoid fracture is necessary for better result with a rate of pseudarthroses of only 16%. PMID- 7346357 TI - [Arthrodeses of the thumb and long finger joints]. PMID- 7346358 TI - [Fresh sprains and ligament ruptures of the proximal interphalangeal joints]. PMID- 7346359 TI - [The trapezium bone--anatomy, radiography and traumatology]. AB - Due to the functional peculiarities of the thumb, fractures of the trapezium are of importance, though being rather rare. Difficulties are often encountered with radiological demonstration and anatomical correlation of findings in this area. The article gives an anatomical-radiological correlation and points out aspects of traumatology. PMID- 7346360 TI - [Isolated trapezium dislocation fracture after a serious traffic accident]. AB - Fractures and luxations in the area of the carpal bones are in comparison with other fractures of the upper and lower extremities comparatively rare. Isolated fractures of luxations of the distal row of the carpal bones, by comparison with those of the proximal row, are still rarer incidents. Because of tight ligamentous unions between the carpal bones on the one hand and between the distal row of the carpal and the metacarpal bones on the other hand, a luxation or fracture is connected with a violent contusion or sprain. In the case of seriously or multiply injured persons the carpal injuries might be failed to be noticed. This may also occur in the case of insufficient auxiliary diagnostic measures. Crush-fractures as well as irreducible luxations should be immobilized by combination of adaptation-osteosynthesis and external fixation. An example is presented of an isolated fracture-dislocation of the trapezium after violent multiple trauma, with healing of the trapezium by adaptation-osteosynthesis and plaster immobilisatioi. The function was recovered after 10 weeks. PMID- 7346361 TI - [Possibility of fixation of a compound fracture of the 1st metacarpal bone with the minifixateur externe]. AB - Comminuted fractures of the base of the first metacarpal are difficult to stabilize with internal fixation or with plaster casts. Use of the external mini fixator can provide good results. Complications such as pin-infections were not seen after the use of short duration of this apparatus in closed fractures. PMID- 7346362 TI - [Topical treatment of osteoarthritis]. AB - By injecting an antibiotic in combination with an anesthetic agent through the healthy surrounding tissue into the focus of septic arthritis, one often can achieve a quick improvement clinically and roentgenologically. By this method resection or amputation can be avoided in many cases. PMID- 7346364 TI - [Simultaneous functional testing of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb in hyperpronation using a simple device]. AB - For the diagnosis of rupture of the ulnar ligaments of MP joint of the thumb functional X-rays are required. The best position for this investigation seems to be - contrary to the routine - overpronation where the metacarpal and the proximal phalanx are both lying nearly straight on the board. If the patient pushes the pulp of his thumb against a barrier he produces stress in abdduction. Both hands can be tightly bandaged together in this uncomfortable position for a certain time. This permits a symmetrical and simultaneous image of both stressed thumbs on only one X-ray film. For this purpose we use a simple wooden board with two small borders which is placed over the film case. PMID- 7346363 TI - [Results of a denervating operation in radial and ulnar humeral epicondylitis]. AB - The treatment of lateral epicondylitis is first of all conservative, and only resistant cases need operative care. The authors performed denervation after the technique of Wilhelm with a slight modification on 63 elbows in 55 patients. The results at follow-up were excellent in 47 elbows and good in 11 (=92%), fair in three and failed in one. According to the anatomical model it is suggested that this procedure permits not only a selective neurotomy of the nerve supply to the lateral epicondyle, but also release of the extensor muscles at their attachment on the epicondyle and on the orbicular ligament; it even seems that it favours indirectly a decompression of the radial nerve in the middle and distal part of the radial tunnel. According to these observations, the operation of denervation satisfies the various etiopathogencial hypotheses concerning tennis elbow, whether it may be due to an insertion tendintis, to the presence of granulomatous tissue in the subtendinous space, to a vertebrogenic irritation syndrome, or to an entrapment neuropathy of the radial nerve. The same considerations can be extended to medial epicondylitis, employed in six cases of the present series; all of them were improved after the operation. PMID- 7346365 TI - [Abnormality of the palmaris longus muscle]. AB - A compression syndrome of the median nerve in the forearm of a 16-years-old girl was caused by an atypical distal belly of the palmaris longus muscle with a tumorlike appearance. Special swimming training with so called "paddles" is thought to be the reason for the enlargement of this muscle. PMID- 7346366 TI - [Abnormal innervation of the index finger]. AB - If one finds three digital nerves on the flexor side of the finger, most often it will be due to a proximal ramification of the radial digital nerve, which gives a dorsal branch to the extensor side of the finger. In one case, however, we have seen three true digital nerves on the flexor side of the index finger. PMID- 7346367 TI - [Oligofascicular median nerve compression syndrome]. AB - The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is described as a compression of this nerve by a fibrous band in the region of the pronator teres or the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. We report a case which appeared clinically as an anterior interosseous nerve syndrome but on exploration no fibrous band was present. The compression involved exclusively the fascicles in the main trunk of the median merve which form more distally the anterior interosseous nerve. The damage fascicles were resected and interfascicular nerve grafting was performed. After 16 months motor function has recovered well. Recently a similar case was observed. PMID- 7346368 TI - [Hand tumors--incidence, therapy and outcome]. PMID- 7346369 TI - [Rare localization of a small sweat gland adenoma of the skin]. AB - This case report of a chondroid syringoma (t. h.) arising in a finger is of interest because of the unusual site, its usual location being the region of the head and neck. Characteristically it is benign, slow growing and compresses adjoining structures. In skin lesions generally histological confirmation of the diagnosis is essential in order to exclude malignancy, but particularly when the site of the lesion is an unusual one. PMID- 7346370 TI - [Juxtacortical chondroma in the thenar region]. AB - Juxtacortical chondromas represent a special type of chondroma which, when in a parosteal position, have a pedicle on the bone or periosteum. These benign tumours are not specific to any age group or sex. Typical radiological findings are the combination of calcification and adjacent soft tussue vesicles, as well as a rarefaction and sclerosis of the cortex of the adjacent bones. The only successful therapy is complete exstirpation. The case of a 56-year-old female patient with a juxta-cortical chondroma in the thenar region is discussed. PMID- 7346371 TI - [Cancer metastases of the hand]. AB - The distribution of metastases in the skeleton corresponds to the presence of active hemato-poetic bone marrow. Osseous metastases distal to the elbow and knee joints are therefore rare. 67 patients with metastatic tumors of the hand were analyzed in a bibliographical review and two cases are added. A hypernephroid carcinoma and a bronchogenic carcinoma had both metastasized to the distal phalanx of the thumb and had simulated a whitlow in both cases. The distal phalanx is the most common site of metastases. The most frequent primary lesions are, in order, lung, kidney and breast. Not only clinically but also radiologically and peripheral bone metastasis can be taken for a whitlow. In most cases the X-ray shows a lytic lesion, often ruptured into the soft tissues. Benign and malignant neoplasms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lytic lesions, but mostly they are metastatis. X-ray and chemo therapy in this situation may at least reduce pain otherwise exstirpation of the appropriate fingers or part of the hand is indicated. As a rule survival is short. PMID- 7346372 TI - [Differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the palm: cirsoid aneurysm of the ulnar artery]. AB - The authors describe a rare arterial malformation in the palm. Preoperatively, only neurological disturbances had been caused. Resection and histological examination of a tumorlike lesion of the ulnar artery revealed a thrombosed cirsoid aneurysm. PMID- 7346373 TI - Amino acid sequence of a dodecapeptide from the substrate-binding region of the L lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus xylosus and Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The amino acid sequence of dodecapeptides from the substrate-binding region of 3 bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenases (Lactobacillus xylosus, Lactobacillus curvatus and Bacillus stearothermophilus) were determined. They show a very high homology to the sequences of the corresponding known animal enzymes. There is, however, an essential difference between the sequences of pro- and eucaryotic enzymes: the Asn residue in position 166, common to all eucaryotes, is replaced by serine in lactobacilli and by isoleucine in Bacillus stearothermophilus. The cysteine residue in position 165, formerly considered as essential, seems to be restricted to the vertebrates, while all so far investigated invertebrates and bacteria have threonine at this position. PMID- 7346374 TI - [Acylated tripeptides as chemotaxin antagonists (author's transl)]. AB - Boc-protected peptides antagonise leucocyte chemotaxis induced by formylated derivatives. Other protecting groups similar to Boc were investigated to see if they also produce chemotaxin antagonists when combined with the chemotactic standard sequence' Met-Leu-Phe. Four related acylated tripeptides were synthesized and studied in the agarose test. It could be proved that they influence the chemotaxin HCO-Met-Leu-Phe-OH as potent antagonists. PMID- 7346375 TI - Phospholipid composition of chlorophyll-free mitochondria isolated via protoplasts from oat mesophyll cells. AB - Mitochondria were isolated from oat primary leaves via mesophyll protoplasts and subjected to phospholipid analysis. In mesophyll cells mitochondria account for only small proportions of cellular phospholipids (in the order of 5%) and proteins (in the order of 2%). Contamination by lipids from other membranes was insignificant as indicated by the absence or very low levels of chlorophyll, galactolipids and steryl glycosides. The absence of 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid in phosphatidylglycerol from mitochondria of green cells serves an an additional criterion of purity. The phospholipid mixture extracted from these mitochondria resembles phospholipids in mitochondria from non-green tissues regarding composition as well as fatty acid profiles. Therefore, mitochondria maintain a rather constant lipid profile and in contrast to plastids do not respond at this level to differences in the physiological status of their housing cell. Palmitic acid in mitochondrial phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine is primarily localized at the C-1 position of the glycerol moiety. Two enzymatic activities so far not described in mitochondria, formation of acylgalactosyl diacylglycerol and hydrolysis of acyl-CoA, were found in the purified mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 7346376 TI - [Diazonium derivatives of ADP for the identification of essential amino acid side chains in the active site of dehydrogenases]. AB - For affinity labeling of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, dinucleotide analogs were prepared by connecting nitrobenzene or nitrobenzimidazole systems with adenosine diphosphate. The distance between the two parts of the molecule was varied by insertion of propyl, butyl and pentyl chains or ribose. Reduction of the nitro group with hydrazine/Raney nickel yielded the corresponding amino derivatives which were converted to the diazonium salts by nitrous acid. Due to specific linking of ADP moiety to dehydrogenases, the reactive diazonium group combines with nucleophilic amino acid side chains in the active centre of dehydrogenases, the enzymatic activity of which was protected by NAD and NADH. Fluorescence titration experiments proved a linear correlation between incorporation of nucleotide anhydride, residual activity and remaining NADH capacity of the enzymes. The different modified amino acids showed characteristic absorption bands which allowed the identification of the reacting group as well as the estimation of the stoichiometry of the reaction. The latter could be estimated by titration of the enzyme with the diazonium salt. Only in a few cases was the spectrophotometric identification of the modified amino acid side chain uncertain. This fact required enzymatic degradation of the protein followed by electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. PMID- 7346377 TI - O-demethylation of scoparone and studies on the scoparone-induced spectral change of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes. AB - Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) is demethylated to scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6 methoxycoumarin) and isoscopoletin (6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin) by the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of rat liver microsomes. Under the conditions used, the ratio of scopoletin to isoscopoletin was determined to 1:1.8 +/- 0.1 for microsomes from untreated rats. Based on this reaction, a direct fluorometric method for the microsomal O-demethylation activity for scoparone is described. The fluorescence of the scopoletin formed in the incubation mixture is recorded after the adjustment of the excitation and emission wavelengths to 398 and 460 nm, respectively. The fluorescence of scoparone and isoscopoletin does not interfere with the test. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or polycyclic hydrocarbons (3-metylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene) causes a change in the ratio of the demethylation products scopoletin to isoscopoletin which was determined to be 1:2.5 +/- 0.1 (benzo[a]pyrene or 3-methylccholanthrene) or 1:5.9 +/- 0.01 (phenobarbital) respectively, and a significant increase in the amount of microsomal O demethylation activity. Thus the ratio of the two products varies significantly with the state of induction. The difference spectra of scoparone with liver microsomes obtained from benzo[a]pyrene- and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats show an absorption peak at 416 nm and a trough at 393 nm with an isosbestic point at 405 nm. This scoparone-induced modified Type II spectral change seems to indicate the interaction of the 6- or 7-methoxy group of scoparone with the heme ion of the 394-nm form and its conversion into a modified ferrihemochrome with a absorption peak at 416 nm. This is modified ferrihemochrome is not identical with the 418-nm form of the cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7346378 TI - [Hemoglobins, XLII: Studies on the hemoglobin of the greylag goose (Anser anser). The primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains of the main component (author's transl)]. AB - The alpha- and beta-chains of the main component of hemoglobin of the greylag goose (Anser anser) were isolated. For determination of the primary structure of hemoglobin, the chains were cleaved and the cleavage products isolated. The chains and peptides were degraded automatically in the sequenator: the complete primary structure of the alpha-and beta-chains was obtained and compared with the human adult hemoglobin. Comparison with human sequences show 1 substitutions in the alpha-chain and 44 in beta-chain. The mutations are discussed. The alpha chains contain no tryptophan, only one methionine and two cysteines. Seven alpha 1 beta 1-contacts and one alpha 1 beta 2-oxy- and deoxy-contact are altered. In the beta-chains two acidic amino acids are eliminated. This is probably the reason for the more basic character of the greylag goose hemoglobin. The contact points of the allosteric effector (inositol pentaphosphate in case of birds, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in case of mamals) with the beta-chains are identical in chicken and greylag goose, two more than in the human beta-chains. Six alpha 1 beta 1-contacts and one hem-contact are changed. This work forms a basis to allow comparison of the functions of several bird hemoglobins and for further studies of bird hemoglobins and for further studies of evolution and systematics of birds. PMID- 7346379 TI - Biophysics of water. A working conference. Girton College, Cambridge (England) June 29--July 3, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7346380 TI - Localisation of acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase in microsomes and lysosomes of rat liver. AB - Subcellular fractions of rat liver were obtained by differential centrifugation. The fractions enriched in lysosomes or microsomes were further fractionated in discontinuous sucrose density gradients or continuous iso-osmotic gradients made of modified colloidal silica. The fractions were analyzed for marker enzymes of the different subcellular organelles and for acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N acetyltransferase. The acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity showed a bimodal distribution. About one fourth of the activity was associated with lysosomes, whereas the greater part of the activity was recovered in the microsomal fraction. Plasma membrane-enriched fractions contained only trace amounts of acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase. The lysosomal and microsomal acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferases are membrane-bound and can be solubilized with Triton X-100. The pH dependence and sensitivity to various ions was similar for the lysosomal and microsomal enzyme. PMID- 7346381 TI - [Degradation of L-phenylalanine and of aromatic carboxylic acids by chloridazon degrading bacteria. Combination of side chain degradation and dioxygenase pathway]. AB - Strain N of Chloridazon-degrading bacteria degrades phenylalanine via cis-2,3 dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine,2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine aspartate and 4 hydroxy-2-oxovalerate [Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 360, 957--969, (1979); Biochem. J. 194, 679--684 (1981)]. cis-2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine as well as phenylpyruvate, cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3 dihydroxyphenylpyruvate, 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate, cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3 dihydroxyphenylacetate, 2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde are detectable in the medium of strain E during growth on phenylalanine. Incubation with phenylacetate, 3-phenylpropionate or 4-phenylbutyrate leads to the accumulation of the corresponding cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl derivatives. These compounds are transformed with dihydrodiol dehydrogenase to 2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate and 4-(2,3 dihydroxyphenyl)-butyrate, 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate is attacked by a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and the meta-cleavage product is again cleaved by a hydrolase yielding succinate. In a similar reaction sequence the degradation of 4 phenylbutyrate leads to the formation of glutarate. From the growth medium of strain E on phenylacetate also small amounts of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were isolated. Resting cells were shown to metabolize 3- and 4 hydroxyphenylacetate via homogentisate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. In the culture medium of strain K2AP benzoate could be detected. Pathways for the degradation of phenylalanine and aromatic carboxylic acids in chloridazon degrading bacteria are proposed. PMID- 7346382 TI - Production of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate from phosphatidylglycerol in isolated liver lysosomes of chloroquine-pretreated rats. AB - Labelled phosphatidylglycerol was incubated with rat liver lysosomes from animals treated for 3 to 20 days with chloroquine diphosphate. The longer the period of pretreatment with the amphiphilic drug, the greater was the increase in the synthesis rate of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, both in the absolute values and when related to the lysosomal protein which was also increased. The mechanism of the in vitro conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was studied by using phosphatidylglycerol labelled with 14C and/or 3H in different positions of the molecule. Assays with rac-1-(1,2-diacyl-[2-3H]glycero 3-phospho)-[U-14C]glycerol clearly demonstrated that the 3H/14C ratio of the substrate was the same as found in the product bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. Therefore the whole glycerophosphoglycerol backbone of the substrate is used for bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate formation, and recombination of released glycerol moieties can be excluded. Experiments with phosphatidylglycerol labelled in both fatty acids suggest that only one acyl group of the substrate is preserved in bis(monoacylglycero)-phosphate. The analysis of further products formed during incubations of rat liver lysosomes with labelled phosphatidylglycerol showed a rapid degradation of the glycerolipid mainly by the action of phospholipase A and C. PMID- 7346383 TI - Hemocyanins in spiders, XIV. Subunit composition of dissociation intermediates and its bearing on quaternary structure of Eurypelma hemocyanin. AB - The 37 S hemocyanin (24 subunits of 7 types) isolated from the tarantula, Eurypelma californicum, was dissociated partially by various agents and the dissociation intermediates analyzed for their subunit composition by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The subunit composition of the native hemocyanin was reexamined and the pending problem of the ratio between subunits a and g (= c2) clarified. The subunits are present in the ratio of a:b:c:d:e:f:g = 4:2:2:4:4:4:4. Breakdown products were shown to contain 19 (20?), 16, 12, 8, 7 and 6 polypeptide chains (possibly, there is also a 15-mer). The 19-mer is formed by removal of 5 monomeric subunits from one of the constituent hexamers of the native (4 x 6) hemocyanin, the 16-mer by losing one further copy each of e, f and g. The dodecamer is formed by cleavage with 2-mercaptoethanol and represents a half-molecule. The octamer could not be clearly analyzed but probably contains one copy of chain d more compared to the heptamer. The heptamer represents a one quarter hemocyanin with one additional polypeptide chain sticking out of the hexameric structure. This can be either subunit b or c of the heterodimer bc. Only one type of hexamer was obtained after cleavage of the 37 S hemocyanin with 4M urea, containing one copy each of chains a, b, d, e, f and g. It is concluded that the 37 S hemocyanin is composed of two identical dodecameric halves linked by dimerization of subunit f, and that each half-molecule is constituted by two non-identical though similar hexamers, both encompassing a complete set of subunits a, d, e, f and g, but differing in their share of the rather stable, the 'c'-hexamer unstable. The relative positions of some of the subunits within the native oligomer are discussed. PMID- 7346384 TI - [Hemoglobins, XLIII: The primary structure of mole hemoglobin (Talpa europaea) (author's transl)]. AB - The hemoglobin of the european mole (Talpa europaea) has only one component. The alpha- and beta-chains were separated by chromatography on CM 52 cellulose. The primary structures of both chains were mainly established on the tryptic peptides by automatic Edman degradation. The N-terminal regions were sequenced on the chains. Large C-terminal peptides could be isolated and sequenced after acidic hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond (alpha: 94/95, beta: 99/100). The peptides were aligned by their homology with human alpha- and beta-chains. A comparison with human hemoglobin shows an exchange of 18 amino acid residues in the alpha-chains and of 30 in the beta-chains. The substitutions in the surroundings of the heme and the contacts between the subunits are discussed. All amino acid residues responsible for the binding of 2,3-dihosphoglycerate are present. Nevertheless a high oxygen affinity and a reduced interaction with diphosphoglycerate are found in mole hemoglobin (Jelkmann, W., Oberthur, W., Kleinschmidt, T. & Braunitzer, G. (1981) Respir. Physiol., in press). According to the sequence a relaxed structure of the central cavity between the beta-chains can be the reason for the low interaction between phosphate and protein. The oxygen affinity is not only affected by the presence of diphosphoglycerate-binding sites in hemoglobin but also by the structure in this region of the molecule. PMID- 7346385 TI - A radioimmunoassay for measurement and characterization of human antileukoprotease in serum. AB - This report describes a radioimmunological method for the measurement of the protease inhibitor antileukoprotease in nanogram quantities. Antileukoprotease, previously found in bronchial secretions, has now also been found in serum using this radioimmunologic technique. In healthy blood donors the serum level was 126 micrograms/l. The serum immunoreactive antileukoprotease was found in a free form and did not show any antigenic cross reaction with the normal plasma protease inhibitors. Further, it was also found to be active and to form a complex with active human granulocyte elastase. PMID- 7346386 TI - Synthesis of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyloxycarbonylamino acids and their use in peptide chemistry. AB - 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl-4-nitrophenyl carbonate has been prepared as a new reagent for the introduction of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyloxycarbonyl group into amino acids or amino acid derivatives. The resulting N alpha-protected amino acids were found to represent suitable intermediates for the synthesis of peptides. The amino-protecting group proved to be stable under the usual conditions of peptide synthesis and readily cleaved in selective conditions via fluoride ion-mediated fragmentation. PMID- 7346387 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of lactoferrin in human pancreas. AB - Lactoferrin is a non-enzymatic secretory protein present in the acinar cells of human pancreas, and specifically increased in the pancreatic juice of chronic calcifying pancreatitis patients. Immunocytochemical localization of lactoferrin demonstrates its presence in the zymogen granules of the pancreatic acinar cell as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. On the same section, only a few acini are positive but all cells within individual acini are similarly either positive or negative. The intensity of the reaction and the number of stained acini are greater in chronic calcifying pancreatitis patients. PMID- 7346388 TI - Role of feedback in adaptive control of pathological brain electrical activity. PMID- 7346389 TI - Nature of evoked EEG activity in the alpha-rhythm range. PMID- 7346390 TI - Mechanisms of visual temporal discrimination of stimuli. PMID- 7346391 TI - Physiological mechanisms of adaptation of the respiration regulating system to short-term exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. PMID- 7346392 TI - Critical analysis of pneumographic methods of recording respiration. PMID- 7346393 TI - Functional features of cardiovascular responses to "head-pelvis" overloads. PMID- 7346394 TI - Effect of arm work in the antiorthostatic position on left ventricular function. PMID- 7346395 TI - Effect of a lower body negative pressure function test on indices of the peripheral hemodynamics. PMID- 7346396 TI - Effect of a water and potassium loading test on kidney function. PMID- 7346397 TI - Metabolic effects of catecholamines in athletes during bicycle exercise of different intensity. PMID- 7346398 TI - Regulation of calcium metabolism during prolonged antiorthostatic hypokinesia. PMID- 7346399 TI - The two-component H reflex of the rectus femoris muscle (single motor unit investigation). PMID- 7346400 TI - Use of the pulse rate to determine the relative physiological intensity of aerobic muscular work. PMID- 7346401 TI - Health for all by the year 2000. PMID- 7346402 TI - Appropriate strategy for immunisation of children in India 3. Community-based annual pulse (cluster) immunisation. PMID- 7346403 TI - Hepatitis vaccines. PMID- 7346404 TI - Blindness in children and its management. PMID- 7346405 TI - Rehabilitation of the mentally handicapped in India. PMID- 7346406 TI - Rehabilitation of deaf children. PMID- 7346407 TI - Anaerobic bacterial infections in children-Part I. PMID- 7346408 TI - Seroconversion following D.P.T. vaccine: effect of storage conditions. PMID- 7346409 TI - Congenital heart disease in first year of life (an autopsy study of 270 cases). PMID- 7346410 TI - Urinary tract infection: correlation of pyuria, bacteriuria with urine culture. PMID- 7346411 TI - Scorpion evenomation and the role of lytic cocktail in its management. PMID- 7346412 TI - Rickets in Asian children in Britain. PMID- 7346413 TI - Detection of learning disabilities in school children. PMID- 7346414 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy in children. PMID- 7346415 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Indian childhood cirrhosis and viral hepatitis. PMID- 7346416 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome: (a case report). PMID- 7346419 TI - Simultaneous trabeculectomy and cataract extraction. PMID- 7346417 TI - Evaluation of catalin, Succus Cineraria maritima and Catobell in goat lens cultures. PMID- 7346418 TI - Lens organ culture. (Methodology and preliminary observations on viability and maintenance of transparency). PMID- 7346420 TI - Transciliary filtration for intractable glaucoma. PMID- 7346421 TI - Failure in glaucoma surgery. PMID- 7346422 TI - An investigation of the mechanism of function of trabeculectomy (operation). PMID- 7346423 TI - Assessment of gestational age by examination of anterior vascular capsule of the lens. (A preliminary study). PMID- 7346424 TI - Correlation of stages of xerophthalmia with grades of malnutrition. PMID- 7346425 TI - Ocular myiasis caused by oestrus ovis. (A case report). PMID- 7346426 TI - Experimental lens induced uveitis in rat. PMID- 7346427 TI - New test drum for recording distant vision. PMID- 7346428 TI - Refractive-status before and after contact lens wear. PMID- 7346429 TI - The myth Fyodrov Surgery. PMID- 7346430 TI - Anterior keratotomy. (Dissection ligamentus circulatum cornea). PMID- 7346431 TI - Aphakic glaucoma. PMID- 7346433 TI - Treatment of glaucoma with atenolol eye drops. PMID- 7346432 TI - Clinical evaluation of trabeculectomy operation in aphakic glaucoma. PMID- 7346434 TI - Management of intractable epiphora. PMID- 7346435 TI - Conjunctivo-vestibular anastomosis. (For intractable epiphora). PMID- 7346436 TI - Optic neuritis and ophthalmoplegia caused by snake bite. PMID- 7346437 TI - Penetration of doxycycline in aqueous humour. (After oral administration in humans). PMID- 7346438 TI - Abnormal conjunctival lithiasis. PMID- 7346439 TI - Surgical correction of astigmatism. PMID- 7346440 TI - Persistence of chlamydial antigen in conjunctiva and lacrimal sac of monkeys. (An experimental study). PMID- 7346441 TI - Ocular manifestations of high altitude. PMID- 7346442 TI - Anticoagulant therapy in branch vein occlusion. PMID- 7346443 TI - Platelet aggregation in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7346444 TI - Cataractogenous effect of hair dyes. (A clinical and experimental study). PMID- 7346445 TI - Meibomian gland carcinoma. PMID- 7346446 TI - Russian technique of myopia surgery. PMID- 7346447 TI - Goblet cell population in normal and trachomatous eyes. PMID- 7346448 TI - Ocular manifestations of tubercular meningitis and their prognostic value in children. PMID- 7346449 TI - A study on transaminase level in aqueous humour. PMID- 7346450 TI - Gentamicin penetration in human aqueous after subconjunctival injection. PMID- 7346451 TI - Reduced glutathione levels in human normal and cataractous lens. PMID- 7346452 TI - Enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). PMID- 7346453 TI - Paper chromatographic analysis of aminoacids in human lenses. PMID- 7346454 TI - Intra scleral diathermy in the management of proliferative retinopathy and vitreous haemorrhage. PMID- 7346455 TI - Restoration of ocular structure and function following detachment surgery. PMID- 7346456 TI - Retinal detachment with coloboma of the choroid. PMID- 7346457 TI - Effect of experimentally induced chronic copper toxicity on retina. PMID- 7346458 TI - Penicillamine--a new therapy of retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7346459 TI - Vitrectomy. PMID- 7346460 TI - Retinal detachment after cataract extraction. PMID- 7346461 TI - Vitrectomy--a pars plana approach. PMID- 7346462 TI - Aphakic retinal detachment. PMID- 7346463 TI - Corticosteroid induced glaucoma and cataract. PMID- 7346464 TI - Limbal insertion distance and width of the horizontal recti tendon in cases of concomitant squint. PMID- 7346465 TI - Some observations on the common procedure of tarsal wedge resection for cicatricial entropion of the upper eyelid. PMID- 7346466 TI - Levator myometry. PMID- 7346467 TI - Meibomian keratitis. PMID- 7346468 TI - Study of fungus keratitis. PMID- 7346469 TI - Superior rectus muscle transplantation in severe ptosis. PMID- 7346470 TI - Penalisation therapy in a residual concomitant convergent squint--a case report. PMID- 7346471 TI - Preliminary report of our experiences in trabeculectomy. PMID- 7346472 TI - Flat anterior chamber following cataract operation. PMID- 7346473 TI - Practical approach in the diagnosis of vertical ocular palsy. PMID- 7346474 TI - Keratomycosis in corneal sepsis. PMID- 7346475 TI - Survival of retinoblastoma cases in North India. PMID- 7346476 TI - Corneal trephine section in cataract surgery. PMID- 7346477 TI - Cataract extraction after retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 7346478 TI - Methods of study of aqueous veins. (Fluorescein study and fluorescence photography). PMID- 7346479 TI - Protein deficiency and cornea. PMID- 7346480 TI - Incidence of xerophthalmia in Assam. PMID- 7346481 TI - Tobacco amblyopia and its relationship to B12 deficiency. PMID- 7346482 TI - Hypovitaminosis A associated with helminth infestations. PMID- 7346483 TI - Study of fungus infection of the eye in health, ocular diseases, and in general malnutrition. PMID- 7346484 TI - Nutrition and eye (convenors' remarks). PMID- 7346485 TI - Prostaglandins in veterinary practice. PMID- 7346486 TI - Pancreatic and hepatic disease in the dog. PMID- 7346487 TI - Blood sampling in pigs. PMID- 7346488 TI - Intravenous catheterisation of the horse. PMID- 7346489 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the horse. PMID- 7346490 TI - Intravenous regional anaesthesia of the bovine foot. PMID- 7346491 TI - Liver biopsy of cattle. PMID- 7346492 TI - Skin diseases of the cat. PMID- 7346493 TI - Laboratory aids to diagnosis in the horse. PMID- 7346494 TI - Legal and mental health system interactions: major developments and research needs. PMID- 7346495 TI - Ethical issues in psychiatric research. PMID- 7346496 TI - A critique of the mental disorder perspective of political terrorism. PMID- 7346497 TI - Publicizing pedophilia: legal and psychiatric discourse. PMID- 7346498 TI - Informed consent and patient decisionmaking: the reasoning of law and psychiatry. PMID- 7346499 TI - The doctrine of fitness to stand trial in Canada: the forked tongue of social control. PMID- 7346500 TI - Forensic psychiatry services in Canada: strengths and weaknesses. PMID- 7346501 TI - Threats or blows? Observations on the distinction between assault and battery. PMID- 7346502 TI - The effects of indeterminate detention: a study of men sentenced to life imprisonment. PMID- 7346503 TI - Diminished responsibility: a logical, workable and essential concept. PMID- 7346504 TI - Recent developments in the field of forensic psychiatry in the Netherlands. PMID- 7346505 TI - Management of mentally ill offenders in South Africa: the assessment and rehabilitation program in Cape Town. PMID- 7346506 TI - Initiating action research in the Dr. Henri van der Hoeven Kliniek, Utrecht, the Netherlands. PMID- 7346507 TI - Electrocardiographic and serum magnesium levels during diuretic therapy. PMID- 7346508 TI - Preventive effect of zinc on cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbit. PMID- 7346509 TI - Labyrinthine vertigo treatment with ephedrine nasal douche. PMID- 7346511 TI - Prostaglandins and immune response. PMID- 7346510 TI - Some metabolic studies in patients with renal calcium stone disease. PMID- 7346512 TI - Typhoid glomerulitis. PMID- 7346513 TI - Plasma cortisol in arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7346514 TI - A study of palmar dermatoglyphics in leprosy. PMID- 7346515 TI - Mononeuritis cranialis multiplex. PMID- 7346516 TI - Progress in tropical hepatology. PMID- 7346517 TI - Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (case report in a juvenile diabetic and review of literature). PMID- 7346518 TI - Paget's disease with quadriparesis (a case report). PMID- 7346519 TI - Dapsone poisoning (a case report). PMID- 7346520 TI - Cholecysto-cholangiography with ceruletide (CRL). PMID- 7346521 TI - [OER for Californium-252 at low dose rate. First experiments with a new strain of Vicia faba (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346522 TI - [Ultrasonography and cyst of the breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346523 TI - Ultrasonic screening evaluation of intracranial pathology in "high risk" neonates. 100 cases experience. PMID- 7346524 TI - [Cervical spondylolisthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346525 TI - Thymoma-specific antibodies in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis demonstrated by indirect haemagglutination. AB - An indirect haemagglutination technique for the demonstration of antibodies to skeletal muscle is described. Eight out of 9 sera from unoperated myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with thymoma and 6 out of 22 sera taken from MG patients who had been operated upon for a thymoma, contained antibodies to this antigen. Twenty-five sera from MG patients with histologically verified thymus hyperplasia did not contain such antibodies. There was no relationship between these antibodies and antibodies to acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7346526 TI - Evidence for a D1 dopamine receptor in the salivary glands of Amblyomma americanum (L.). AB - Adenylate cyclase from the salivary gland of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is stimulated by several derivatives of phenylethylamine; dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoproterenol. Octopamine and iota-DOPA had no effect on basal adenylate cyclase activity. Dopamine had the highest potency and the lowest Ka, 0.4 micron; followed by adrenaline and noradrenaline, 23 micron; and isoproterenol, 0.15mM. When either noradrenaline or adrenaline was added to dopamine, each at its maximally effective concentration, no additional stimulation of gland cyclase activity was noted. Furthermore, adrenaline and noradrenaline together did not equal the potency of dopamine alone. The most potent inhibitors of gland cyclase activity were the dopamine receptor antagonists. The phenothiazine drugs (thioridazine, chlorpromazine, and fluphenazine) were more effective inhibitors of cyclase activity than the butyrophenone drug (haloperidol). The inhibition constants (Ki) for the phenothiazine drugs were: 60nM for thioridazine, 1.9 micron for chlorpromazine and 2.3 micron for fluphenazine. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity was found to be specific for the (+) enantiomer of butaclamol, a stereospecific dopamine receptor antagonist. Our findings suggest that the lone star tick salivary gland adenylate cyclase has a D1 type dopamine receptor. PMID- 7346527 TI - Bronchial mucosal permeability and its relationship to airways hyperreactivity. PMID- 7346528 TI - Inactivation by alveolar macrophages of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis released from pig lung cells. AB - The influence of alveolar macrophages on the release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRA-A) and histamine from dispersed pig lung cells was studied. The addition of alveolar macrophages to lung cells (1:3) decreased SRS-A release by 62% +/- 7% without a significant decrease in histamine release. Increased numbers of alveolar macrophages (1:1) decreased both SRS-A release (by 90% +/- 5%) and to a lesser extent histamine release (by 59% +/- 18%). The decrease in released SRS-A was not caused by prostaglandin release from macrophages, and kinetic data indicated that in contrast to histamine the decrease was predominantly the result of SRS-A inactivation rather than inhibition of its release. When alveolar macrophages were incubated with SRS-A, inactivation (191 units/10(7) cells/30 min) was confirmed. SRS inactivation was not reproduced by glutaraldehyde-treated macrophages or by granulocyte and mononuclear populations obtained from peripheral blood. Alveolar macrophages may limit the consequences of SRS-A release in the peripheral air spaces. PMID- 7346529 TI - Effects of infused histamine on asthmatic and normal subjects: comparison of skin test responses. AB - The effect of histamine infused intravenously at sequentially increasing concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 microgram/kg/min) on the wheal responses to intradermal histamine and compound 48/80 in eight normal and five asthmatic subjects and to allergen skin tests in five asthmatic subjects was measured. These measurements were repeated following pretreatment with the H-1 antagonist hydroxyzine or the H-2 antagonist cimetidine, either alone or in combination. Histamine infused in progressively increasing concentrations had no effect on histamine, compound 48/80, or allergen skin tests either before or after H-1 or H-2 antihistamine treatment. No significant difference was found in the concentration of histamine or compound 48/80 required to elicit a 10-mm wheal in normal or asthmatic patients. Pretreatment with the H-2 antagonist alone had no effect on histamine or compound 48/80 skin tests in either group. However, the H-1 antagonist significantly reduced the wheal response to histamine (p less than 0.05 normal; p less than 0.025 asthmatics) and compound 48/80 (p less than 0.05 normal; p less than 0.025 asthmatics) in both groups. The combination of H-1 and H-2 histamine antagonists was not significantly different from the H-1 antagonist alone. Antigen skin testing was suppressed 82% by the hydroxyzine alone; no significant suppression was induced by cimetidine alone, and the combination of hydroxyzine plus cimetidine was only slightly more effective than hydroxyzine alone. The results indicate that blockade of histamine H-2 receptors with cimetidine has little or no additive effect on H-1 antagonist-suppressed skin test responses to histamine, compound 48/80, or antigen. Furthermore, the capacity of histamine to suppress histamine release in vitro from basophils was not demonstrated in vivo assessing skin mast cell responses. This observation combined with earlier studies on the human lung mast cell, which also failed to demonstrate that histamine had an inhibitory action, suggests that the human mast cell may not respond to histamine like the basophil and that this discrepancy may represent a fundamental difference in the cell types. PMID- 7346531 TI - Isolation and characterization of Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) pollen allergens. AB - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was utilized to identify allergenically active molecules in an extract of Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) pollen. Two glycoproteins (RT1 and RT2) were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, preparative flat-bed electrofocusing, and gel filtration chromatography. These highly purified proteins were similar as judged by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), by PAGE in urea-acetate, and by immunodiffusion analysis. In Ouchterlony double-diffusion, rabbit antiserum to crude pollen extract showed a line of identity between RT1 and RT2. Each allergen possessed a single polypeptide chain, with molecular weight of 39,00 and 42,00 for RT1 and RT2 respectively. Both allergens contained 9.0% +/- 0.5% carbohydrate and 10.6% +/-0.2% nitrogen. Both RT1 and RT2 eluted from a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column near the ovalbumin marker, but the elution volume of RT1 was slightly greater than that of RT2. Amino acid analysis of RT1 and RT2 showed that there was no difference in composition between the two proteins. The proteins showed different isoelectric points (RT1 = 6.7; RT2 6.2). They had similar skin reactivity by Prausnitz-Kustner testing, showed similar potency and identical allergenic qualities as inhibitors in the RAST, and were more potent on a mass basis than crude extract in the inhibition of the reaction between solid-phase crude extract and IgE antibodies in the RAST. RT1 and RT2 represent 0.014% and 0.010% by mass, respectively, of the pollen. These results suggest that RT1 and RT2 are important allergens in Russian thistle pollen. These results suggest that RT1 and RT2 are important allergens in Russian thistle pollen and that these proteins are immunologically identical. PMID- 7346530 TI - Intrasubject variation in sustained-release theophylline absorption. AB - Intrasubject variability in the absorption characteristics of two sustained release theophylline products was examined. Eight healthy, nonsmoking, adult volunteers received a single 250 mg Slo-Phyllin Gyrocap on two separate study days and a single 300 mg Theo-dur tablet on two other study days. Plasma samples were collected over a 24-hr period after each dose and were assayed for theophylline content. Absorption parameters were determined, including peak plasma concentration, peak time, absorption rate, time until 90% absorbed, and area under the plasma concentration time curve. Marked intrasubject variation in these absorption parameters was found by examination of duplicate plasma concentration times curves. These differences are not apparent from examination of mean data only. The implications of this dose-to-dose variation for the individual patient are discussed. PMID- 7346532 TI - Prolonged maintenance interval in hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. AB - To decrease the cost, inconvenience, and potential side effects of venom immunotherapy we tested whether the interval between the maintenance injections can be increased. In 30 patients who had been given the standard therapy regimen and who had been sting-challenged after 1 and 2 yr of monthly maintenance injections the maintenance interval was increased from 4 to 6 wk. IgG anti-yellow jacket venom antibodies did not change over the next 9 mo. The incidence of local reactions to venom injections did not increase, and there were no systemic reactions during therapy. After 6 to 9 mo 29 of the 30 patients were sting challenged with one possible reaction. The success rate, 97%, is the same as that observed with monthly maintenance injections. We conclude that the 6-wk maintenance interval is effective in both clinical and immunologic terms after a period of monthly maintenance therapy. PMID- 7346533 TI - Delayed onset food allergy. PMID- 7346534 TI - Iodides in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7346535 TI - Series on endocrine metabolic emergencies: V. Hypercalcemic crisis. PMID- 7346536 TI - Update on drug therapy: IX. Gentamicin and tobramycin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7346537 TI - Magnesium. PMID- 7346538 TI - Changing federal role in health care for children. PMID- 7346539 TI - Homosexuality & psychotherapy. A practitioner's handbook of affirmative models. PMID- 7346540 TI - Group psychotherapy for gay men. PMID- 7346541 TI - Counseling the parents of young homosexual male patients. PMID- 7346542 TI - Religious and moral issues in working with homosexual clients. PMID- 7346543 TI - Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for homosexual clients: new concepts. PMID- 7346544 TI - Organizational and staff problems in gay/lesbian mental health agencies. PMID- 7346546 TI - Developmental stages of the coming out process. PMID- 7346545 TI - Sexual orientation of the therapist and therapeutic effectiveness with gay clients. PMID- 7346547 TI - Lesbian client-lesbian therapist: opportunities and challenges in working together. PMID- 7346548 TI - Present and future directions in gay/lesbian mental health. PMID- 7346549 TI - Psychotherapeutic implications of internalized homophobia in gay men. PMID- 7346550 TI - Therapeutic issues with lesbian couples. AB - Lesbian relationships are most importantly relationships between two women in a homophobic and sexist society. Women newly exploring a relationship with another woman often experience their relationship as unique, as being the best relationship. They base this evaluation on the honest communication and open expression of caring that usually characterize the relationship. These qualities provide the basis for a fulfilling relationship which fosters personal growth and change. Major stresses and problem areas are due both to social pressures and to difficulties in establishing a sense of self within the relationship. This article explores the unique aspects of the lesbian relationship, suggests appropriate therapeutic interventions, and explores counter-transference issues for lesbian and heterosexual therapists. PMID- 7346552 TI - The use of diagnostic concepts in working with gay and lesbian populations. PMID- 7346551 TI - Psychotherapy for gay male couples. AB - Although there is no specific therapy for gay male couples, this paper outlines the more critical issues therapists must understand to provide optimal treatment for gay male dyads. Additionally, the authors present new assumptions arising from their five year research study of 156 gay male couples living together from one to over 37 years. The most therapeutically useful finding is that stages of these relationships parallel stages of clinical development. Each stage has its own unique characteristics, stresses and benefits. Stages are affected by many influences, and individuals can be at different stages simultaneously. PMID- 7346553 TI - Bisexual and gay men in heterosexual marriage: conflicts and resolutions in therapy. AB - This paper describes 31 men who at the time of entering therapy were married and expressed concern about their same-sex feelings and activity. Each of these man was treated in a "bisexuality group" designed to help him to be more comfortable and accepting of his same-sex feelings and to explore ways of incorporating same sex and opposite-sex feelings into his life. Following treatment, 11 of the 31 men (36%) decided to end their marriage; twenty men (64%) decided to remain married. In a follow up study, there was a further attrition of marriages so that 14 remain married. The paper further describes attitudes and behavior prior to therapy, immediately following therapy, and at the time of follow up (up to three years). Factors that seem to be important ingredients of of successful adjustment are discussed. PMID- 7346554 TI - Embryonic development of identified neurons: segment-specific differences in the H cell homologues. AB - Although all of the segmental ganglia of the grasshopper come from identical sets of embryonic precursor cells, there are striking differences in the number and properties of the neurons in the mature ganglia. In every segment, midline precursor 3 (MP3) divides once and gives rise to two progeny. We describe the fate of the two MP3 progeny in different segments. The morphology, physiology, and survival of the MP3 progeny depend upon their segmental position in the embryo. In the meso- and metathoracic segments (T2 and T3), one of the two progeny of MP3 transforms into the H cell. In many of the abdominal segments, beginning with the fourth (A4), both MP3 progeny die. A gradient of transformation and cell death is seen in the intervening first three abdominal segments (A1 to A3). From A1 to A3, the MP3 progeny acquire fewer of the morphological phenotypes of the H cell. This is paralleled by the partial acquisition of the physiological phenotypes of the H cell. Thus, cells that are the progeny of the same precursor cell in different segments can either live or die and, if they survive, can develop different morphological and physiological properties. PMID- 7346555 TI - Functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat distinguished by sensitivity to sound location. PMID- 7346556 TI - The functional properties of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex studied in waking monkeys: foveal sparing and opponent vector organization. AB - We describe in this paper the results of a new study of the inferior parietal lobule in 10 waking monkeys combining the methods of behavioral control, visual stimulation, and single neuron analysis. In this study, 1682 neurons were identified; 804 were studied in detail. Neurons insensitive to visual stimuli comprise the fixation, oculomotor, and projection-manipulation classes thought to be involved in initiatives toward action. The largest group of the light sensitive (LS) neurons were activated from large and frequently bilateral response areas that excluded the foveal region; we term this foveal sparing. The remaining cells subtended areas including the fovea, when tested with large stimuli (6 degrees X 6 degrees), but only 8 of 216 cells studied in detail responded to the small fixation target light. We propose that a dynamic central neural process associated with the acts of fixation and visual attention suppresses responses to foveal stimuli. Parietal LS neurons are sensitive to stimulus movement and direction over a wide range of velocities. The vectors point either inward toward the center or outward toward the perimeter of the visual field, and for neurons with bilateral response areas, the vectors commonly point in opposite directions in the two half-fields; we term this opponent vector organization. The functional properties of area 7 LS neurons are such that they could signal motion in the immediate surround and the apparent motion accompanying head movements and forward locomotion. We surmise that they contribute to a central neural image of immediately surrounding space and to the perceptual constancy of that space obtaining during bodily movement. These properties are suitable for the attraction of gaze and attention to objects and events in the peripheral visual fields. It is this system, together with the classes of parietal neurons concerned with action initiatives, whose destruction is thought to account for the hemi-inattention and neglect of the parietal lobe syndrome in primates. PMID- 7346557 TI - Neuronal and behavioral sensitivity to binaural time differences in the owl. AB - We demonstrated that ongoing time disparity (OTD) was a sufficient cue for the azimuthal component of receptive fields of auditory neurons in the owl (Tyto alba) midbrain and that OTDs were sufficient to mediate meaningful behavioral responses. We devised a technique which enabled us to change easily between free field and dichotic stimuli while recording from single auditory neurons in the owl mesencephalicus lateralis pars dorsalis (MLD). MLD neurons with restricted spatial receptive fields ("space-mapped neurons") showed marked sensitivity to specific ongoing time disparities. The magnitudes of these disparities were in the behaviorally significant range of tens of microseconds. The ongoing time disparities were correlated significantly with the azimuthal center of receptor fields. Space-mapped neurons were insensitive to transient disparities. MLD neurons which were not space-mapped, i.e., were omnidirectional, did not show any sensitivity to specific OTDs. We confirmed the behavioral relevance of OTD as a cue for localizing a sound in azimuth by presenting OTD differences to tame owls. Using head turning as an assay, we showed that OTD was a sufficient cue for the azimuth of a sound. The relationship between azimuth and OTD obtained from our neurophysiological experiments matched closely the relationship obtained from our behavioral experiments. PMID- 7346558 TI - Neuronal death in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo and its reduction by nerve growth factor. PMID- 7346559 TI - Classical conditioning mediated by the red nucleus in the cat. AB - We have attempted to develop a behavioral and neuronal model for classical conditioning in the corticorubrospinal system. A conditioned stimulus (CS) was applied to the cerebral peduncle (CP) in cats which had lesions that interrupted the corticofugal fibers caudal to the red nucleus. The unconditioned stimulus (US) was an electric shock to the skin of the forelimb that produced flexion of the limb. After pairing of the CS and US in close temporal association, an initially ineffective stimulus to the cerebral peduncle was found to give rise to the flexion of the elbow. Extinction of the conditioned response was achieved by applying the CS alone or by reversing the sequence of the stimuli (US-CS: backward pairing). Furthermore, the US alone did not produce an increase in the effectiveness of the CS stimulus. Finally, pairing the fixed CS stimuli with the US at random intervals did not produce any increase in performance in response to the CS. In these respects, the observed behavioral modification has the features of associative conditioning. Because the thresholds for and the strength of elbow flexion induced by stimulation of the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum were identical in the experimental and control animals, the interpositorubrospinal system cannot be the site of the plastic change. Since the conditioned response is most probably mediated by the corticorubrospinal system, it is likely that a modification of the corticorubral synapses underlies this behavioral change. PMID- 7346560 TI - Marked increases in large enkephalin-containing polypeptides in the rat adrenal gland following denervation. AB - When rat adrenal glands are denervated, large increases in the amounts of enkephalin and enkephalin-containing polypeptides appear. In the normal gland, only trace amounts occur. One of the larger polypeptides (approximately 22,000 daltons) increases rapidly and by 48 hr following denervation, attains 20 times its original level. At this time, the levels of free enkephalins are essentially unchanged. By 96 hr, the 22,000-dalton polypeptide begins to decrease as free enkephalins and intermediate-sized enkephalin-containing polypeptides increase. This series of events is consistent with a precursor (22,000-dalton polypeptide)/product (enkephalin) relationship. PMID- 7346561 TI - Does laminar position determine the receptive field properties of cortical neurons? A study of corticotectal cells in area 17 of the normal mouse and the reeler mutant. AB - The neocortex of the reeler (rl) mutant mouse develops abnormally; as a result, the orderly arrangement of cells in laminae containing neurons of similar size and configuration is severely disrupted. The reeler mutant thus offers an opportunity to study the role played by laminar position in establishing the interneuronal connections of the cortex. Since the receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) are determined by these complex interconnections, a study of receptive field properties provides a useful way to test whether functionally important connections are altered by abnormal cell position. We chose the corticotectal (CT) cells of area 17 for this analysis because they have distinctive receptive field properties and can be identified positively by antidromic stimulation with electrodes in the superior colliculus. In addition, CT cells are located in a single lamina (layer V) in the visual cortex of normal mice, but are distributed from surface to white matter in the reeler visual cortex. We characterized the receptive fields of identified CT cells in area 17 of normal mice and reeler mutants and studied several properties of these cells quantitatively. Corticotectal cells in the visual cortex of the normal mouse have high rates of spontaneous activity and large receptive fields that are neither oriented nor directional; they respond to moving stimuli over a wide range of stimulus velocities, have high peak velocity sensitivities, and show very little spatial summation. Corticotectal cells in the visual cortex of the reeler mutant do not differ significantly in these characteristics, although CT cells with extremely large receptive fields are encountered somewhat more frequently in reeler cortex. These findings indicate that the detailed connections which determine the receptive field properties of CT cells are properly established in the reeler mutant mouse despite the markedly abnormal positions of CT cells in reeler visual cortex. PMID- 7346562 TI - Embryonic development of identified neurons: origin and transformation of the H cell. AB - We describe the origin and the transformation of a single neuron, the H cell, which assumes two different roles during grasshopper embryogenesis. The H cell originates from the single cell division of midline precursor 3 (MP3). In the metathoracic (T3) segment, the H cell first appears as one of a pair of central pioneer fibers and later transforms into an unpaired identified neuron. During the course of its transformation, the H cell loses its original morphology and acquires new morphological and physiological properties. The H cell acquires many of the same phenotypes as the first progeny of the median neuroblast (MNB); the processes of the first MNB progeny contact the soma of the H cell and these cells are electrically coupled prior to the H cell transformation. PMID- 7346563 TI - The relation of postsynaptic geometry to the number of presynaptic axons that innervate autonomic ganglion cells. AB - We have studied the shape of rabbit ciliary ganglion cells in relation to the number of axons that innervate each neuron. Adult ganglion cells receive synapses from one to seven different preganglionic axons. Some neurons lack dendrites altogether, whereas others have complex arborizations of up to eight primary dendrites. The neurons that receive all of their synaptic contacts from a single preganglionic axon usually have no dendrites; on the other hand, multiply innervated ganglion cells receive synapses from a number of different axons that increases in proportion to the number of primary dendrites that they possess. A possible explanation of these results is that individual ciliary ganglion cells comprise a number of separate spatial domains, each of which is largely constrained to receive innervation from a single preganglionic axon. PMID- 7346564 TI - The loss of neuron-specific proteins during the course of Wallerian degeneration of optic and sciatic nerve. AB - To identify axonal proteins which are unique constituents of neurons, the spectrum of detectable proteins of degenerating nerves has been compared with that of intact control nerves from the same animals. Wallerian degeneration was induced in rabbits by unilateral transection of the optic and sciatic nerves. Proteins of nerve homogenates were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Four non-myelin proteins disappear from degenerating nerve. These include the three neurofilament proteins (P68, P150, and P200) and a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 65,000 daltons (P65) which is not associated with filaments. PMID- 7346565 TI - Two components from eye tissue that differentially stimulate the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture. AB - Survival and development of chick ciliary ganglion neurons in vivo appear to depend on information from the embryonic eye structure that contains the postsynaptic targets of the neurons. We have tested embryonic eye extracts on ciliary ganglion neurons in dissociated cell culture for stimulation of growth and development. Control conditions were chosen that permitted the long term maintenance of the neurons in the absence of tissue extracts of conditioned medium. The conditions included coating the culture substratum with fibroblast material and increasing the K+ concentration in the culture medium to 25 mM. Neurons survived for at least 3 weeks in control conditions. Two major components were resolved in eye extracts that stimulated growth and development of the neurons above the basal levels obtained with control conditions. One component, with an apparent molecular weight of about 2 X 10(4) by gel filtration analysis, stimulated neuronal growth without increasing the levels of choline acetyltransferase activity per neuron. The second component, with an apparent molecular weight of about 5 X 10(4), increased development of choline acetyltransferase levels per neuron but had no effect on neuronal growth. Both components were effective in normal K+ as well as 25 mM K+. These components may represent mechanisms by which the postsynaptic target tissue acts in vivo to direct the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons. PMID- 7346566 TI - Biochemical identification of pharmacologically and functionally distinct GABA receptors in rat brain. AB - Receptor binding studies were undertaken in an attempt to identify and characterize pharmacologically and functionally distinct receptor sites for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat brain. The results indicated that the potency of bicuculline, a GABA receptor antagonist, to displace membrane-bound [3H]GABA varies significantly among different brain regions, with the greatest potency found in the cerebral cortex and midbrain. In addition, in the presence of 50 mM ammonium thiocyanate, the potency of bicuculline to displace specifically bound [3H]GABA was increased significantly, with the magnitude of this increase being greater in some brain areas than others. The biological relevance of this thiocyanate-induced shift in the potency of bicuculline to inhibit [3H]GABA binding was indicated by the finding that ammonium thiocyanate also increased the potency of bicuculline to inhibit GABA-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding, a biochemical measure of GABA receptor function. Receptor site saturation analysis revealed that ammonium thiocyanate selectively abolished the high affinity GABA binding site without affecting either the low affinity component or GABA-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding. These findings provide further evidence for the existence of pharmacologically distinct GABA receptor sites, with some being more sensitive to the blocking action of bicuculline than others. Furthermore, the data provide direct evidence to support the hypothesis that only low affinity GABA receptor sites are linked to the benzodiazepine receptor, indicating that the kinetically different GABA binding sites are also functionally distinct. The discovery that ammonium thiocyanate selectively destroys high affinity GABA receptor binding may be useful for further defining the pharmacological, biochemical, and functional differences between GABA receptors in brain. PMID- 7346567 TI - Cellular localization of 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose from paraffin-embedded brains. AB - Results of experiments in which regional neuronal activity is revealed by a 2 [3H]deoxy-D-glucose (3H-2-DG)-paraffin section-emulsion autoradiography method are described. The trigeminal pathway of freely behaving mice was activated differentially by selective patterns of whisker removal. One hour after injection of concentrated 3H-2-DG, the animals were perfused systemically with a periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde mixture (McLean, I. W., and P. K. Nakane (1974) J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22: 1077-1083), the brains were embedded in paraffin, and serial sections were taken and coated with emulsion for autoradiography. Diffusion of the isotope out of the tissue was assessed visually and by liquid scintillation counting. While substantial loss of 3H isotope into the embedding fluids (about 95%) was found, the scintillation counts and the autoradiograms showed good fixation of the isotope in situ, no evidence of isotope movement into the emulsion, and no gradients of diffusion in the sectioned material. Patterns of regional labeling were similar to those reported from brains prepared by conventional 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose (14C-2-DG) autoradiography; for instance, auditory and vestibular pathways in the brainstem were heavily and specifically labeled. Trigeminal structures associated with the intact (stimulated) whiskers were labeled relatively heavily, indicating that label uptake is specific with respect to neuronal activity. In the cortex, the patterns of label corresponded directly and precisely to those barrels known to receive inputs from the intact whiskers. Distribution of silver grains in the cortex and in the brainstem was correlated directly with neuronal profiles, including processes, some of which were identified by means of a Nissl counterstain. Clearly, this approach offers considerable technical advantages, in particular, the ease with which the histological material is prepared. The resolution of the autoradiograms and the quality of the histology are excellent. PMID- 7346568 TI - Sequential inhibition of sexual receptivity by progesterone is prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor and is not causally related to decreased levels of hypothalamic progestin receptors in the female rat. AB - In the estrogen-primed ovariectomized female rat, the administration of progesterone facilitates sexual receptivity and activates proceptivity for many hours. If the progesterone dose is large (e.g., 2.5 mg), a refractory period follows, during which time animals are less sensitive to additional progesterone. This refractory period has been termed "sequential inhibition" and has been correlated previously with decreased levels of cytosol progestin receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus-preoptic area (MBH-POA). Our present results indicate that the "sequential inhibition" of mating behavior by progesterone appears to involve a protein synthetic step that is not related causally to decreased levels of cytosol progestin receptors in the MBH-POA. Animals which received subcutaneous injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (100 mg/kg in saline), 15 min prior to and again 3 hr after progesterone (2.5 mg in propylene glycol) treatment, displayed greater sexual receptivity at 24 hr than did animals which received subcutaneous saline injections. However, cytosol progestin receptor levels in the MBH-POA of animals which received anisomycin plus progesterone were decreased at 24 hr, relative to animals which received saline plus progesterone. Anisomycin did not produce positive or negative behavioral effects at 24 hr when administered 15 min prior to and again 3 hr after propylene glycol, suggesting that the behavioral effects of anisomycin appear to be related to selective blockade of progesterone action. In separate experiments, we administered single subcutaneous injections of anisomycin at various times relative to progesterone (2.5 mg) treatment. According to the time course of effective anisomycin application, the presumed protein synthesis which is responsible for the inhibition of mating behavior occurs between 3 and 13 hr after the administration of progesterone. PMID- 7346569 TI - Morphology of physiologically identified W-cells in the C laminae of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The projections from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex in the cat are comprised of three parallel, independent pathways. These three pathways involve, respectively, W-, X-, and Y-cells in the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus. In this study, we investigated the morphology of those neurons in the C laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus that receive input from retinal W-cells. Micropipettes filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used to record the responses of single geniculate neurons identified as W-, X-, or Y-cells. Five W-cells in the C laminae then were stained intracellularly by impalement of the cell with the microelectrode followed by iontophoresis of HRP. Each of these neurons has a small to medium size soma and fine dendrites oriented roughly parallel to the plane of the geniculate laminar borders. These geniculate W-cells differ among themselves mainly in the detail of their dendritic processes. Three of these cells have virtually no dendritic appendages, while the other two have complex appendages not previously reported among neurons in the C laminae. Also, the degree of horizontal orientation of the dendrites differs considerably among these cells. Overall, the morphology of these W-cells is generally consistent with the class 4 cell briefly described by Guillery (Guillery, R. W. (1966) J. Comp. Neurol. 128: 21-50), and consequently, our data indicate that class 4 neurons are the morphological correlate of neurons physiologically classified as W-cells. Since greater morphological detail is presented by these HRP-filled cells than by previous Golgi-impregnated preparations, we can describe more completely the morphology of class 4 cells. PMID- 7346570 TI - Localization of cholinesterase at sites of high acetylcholine receptor density on embryonic amphibian muscle cells cultured without nerve. AB - Myotomal muscle cells, derived from Xenopus embryos and grown in culture without nerve, develop discrete sites of cholinesterase (ChE) activity on their surface. The spatial relationship of these ChE patches to surface patches of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) has been examined in the present study by a combination of ChE histochemistry and fluorescent staining of the receptors. ChE patches and AChR patches developed as early as the 1st day in culture and exhibited a high incidence of spatial overlap. The frequency of overlap varied with the age of the culture and ranged from 50 to 98% for patches on the lower cell surface (facing the floor of the culture dish) and from 28 to 79% for patches on the upper cell surface. The high incidence of overlap cannot be explained on the basis of a random distribution of patches since both types of patch occupied less than 3% of the cell surface. ChE and AChR patches also developed when cultures were grown in a serum-free medium as well as when cultures were prepared from young embryos in which muscle innervation had not yet begun. At some patches, the surface membrane was invaginated and at these invaginations, there was also a high incidence of overlap between the ChE and AChR stains. It is concluded that the mechanisms involved in the localization of AChRs and ChE on the surface of Xenopus myotomal muscle cells tend to be closely linked and operate even in the absence of innervation, previous contact by nerve, or electrical and contractile activity. Considered together with previous ultrastructural observations, the present findings suggest that these cells develop elaborate postsynaptic-like specializations even in the absence of neural factors. PMID- 7346571 TI - Two forms of human amnesia: an analysis of forgetting. AB - An analysis of forgetting was applied to patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, patients receiving bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and case N. A. who has chronic amnesia for verbal material. Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and case N. A. exhibited a normal forgetting rate, whereas patients receiving ECT exhibited abnormally rapid forgetting. Based on previous findings for the patient H. M., on indirect evidence that the amnesia associated with ECT might be related to temporal lobe dysfunction, and on the diencephalic distribution of lesions in case N. A. and in Korsakoff's syndrome, these results support the hypothesis that these amnesias are distinct syndromes of memory dysfunction. Thus, the stage of memory function disrupted may be different in the two circumstances, and medial temporal and diencephalic brain regions may normally contribute in different ways to the formation of memory. PMID- 7346573 TI - Light microscopic analysis of contacts between pairs of identified leech neurons with combined use of horseradish peroxidase and lucifer yellow. AB - Intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Lucifer Yellow (LY) were used to determine the locations of possible synaptic contacts between pairs of identified leech neurons. The pairs studied were ipsilateral touch sensory neurons (T cells), T cells plus the large longitudinal motoneuron (L cell), and T cells plus the annulus erector motoneuron (AE cell). The joint use of epi fluorescence and transmitted light permitted the simultaneous observation of the processes of the HRP- and LY-filled cells. Our results indicate that, within the resolution of the light microscope, (a) over 40% of the varicosities of a T cell are in contact with those of another ipsilateral T cell, (b) both ipsilateral and contralateral T cells make numerous contacts with the two motoneurons studied, and (c) T cell-motoneuron contacts are distributed widely within the region where the cells overlap in the neuropil and occur on both major and minor processes of the motoneurons. PMID- 7346572 TI - Cerebral compensation for chronic noradrenergic denervation induced by locus ceruleus lesion: recovery of receptor binding, isoproterenol-induced adenylate cyclase activity, and oxidative metabolism. AB - The long term effects of specific noradrenergic denervation of rat cerebral cortex were considered in parallel studies of in vitro noradrenergic receptor binding and isoproterenol-induced adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cycle AMP) generation and of in vivo oxidative metabolism. Noradrenergic denervation was achieved by the local, unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the locus ceruleus. Cerebral noradrenaline remained depleted throughout the 8-week duration of the study. Ligand-binding assays showed increased beta-adrenergic receptors 2 weeks after locus ceruleus lesion with recovery occurring by 4 weeks. There were no changes in alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP generation increased at 2 weeks after lesion but recovered at 8 weeks. Dual wavelength reflection spectrophotometric measurements of cytochrome oxidase reduction/oxidation and local blood volume shifts, provoked in situ by direct cortical stimulation, also demonstrated abnormalities at 2 weeks with recovery by 4 weeks after lesion. Thus, in vivo and in vitro changes after locus ceruleus lesion are reversible and the time course of these changes is related temporally. These data suggest that cerebral cortex has adaptive capabilities which are activated to compensate for prolonged noradrenaline depletion. We also speculate that there may be a causal relationship between the in vitro and in vivo parameters studied. PMID- 7346574 TI - Hormonal control of cell form and number in the zebra finch song system. AB - Administration of testosterone (T), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), or 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to female zebra finch chicks (Poephila guttata) at hatching exerts effects on brain sexual differentiation. Within a telencephalic station (the nucleus robustus archistriatalis, RA) of the neural pathway which participates in the efferent control of song, masculinization of several indices of neuronal size is induced by exposure to T or E2. Within RA, a sensitive assay of a single neuron's sexually differentiated state is the diameter of its soma. By this criteria, all of the neurons within RA can be masculinized with a sufficient dose of T. As the dose of T is progressively decreased, the proportion of RA neurons which undergo the transition from female to male falls, while the magnitude of the change in soma size remains basically unaltered. Administration of T or DHT masculinizes the number of neurons in RA. PMID- 7346575 TI - Trans-synaptic modulation of histamine H-1 receptor development in rat brain. AB - To determine whether neuronal histamine influences development of histamine H-1 receptors in the rat brain, neonates were given diphenhydramine, an H-1 antagonist, daily for the first 21 days of postnatal life. In control rats, specific H-1 binding of [3H]mepyramine in whole brain was low at birth and increased progressively toward adult levels by the end of the 3rd week. Animals treated with diphenhydramine showed marked elevations in binding as early as 4 days postnatally and the differences persisted throughout the experimental period. The increased binding in treated rats was specific to treatment with H-1 antagonists (diphenhydramine, mepyramine) as opposed to an H-2 antagonist (cimetidine); the alteration reflected enhancement of the number of binding sites without a change in Kd, a finding indicative of H-1 receptor supersensitivity. Similar results were seen in the hypothalamus, an area rich in neuronal histaminergic projections. Levels of histamine in the hypothalamus were unaffected by diphenhydramine administration until the end of the 3rd week, at which time, increases were noted. After the loading of the hypothalamus with [3H]histamine, release of label by K+ depolarization in vitro (an indirect index of release from the neuronal histamine pool) was readily obtained at all ages and was unaffected by diphenhydramine administration. Diphenhydramine did not alter histamine levels in brain regions in which most of the histamine is non-neuronal. These studies suggest that, even early in the ontogenesis of histaminergic synapses, a sufficient proportion of releasable histamine is associated with histaminergic neurons to enable trans-synaptic modulation of development of histaminergic H-1 receptors; consequently, blockade of these receptors with diphenhydramine results in supersensitivity even at the earliest stages of development. PMID- 7346576 TI - Plasticity in the spinal cord sensory map following peripheral nerve injury in rats. AB - The medial part of the L4 and 5 dorsal horn in adult rats is dominated by afferents from the toes and foot. After transection of the sciatic and saphenous nerves, virtually all cells in this region are left without any peripheral receptive field. Beginning 4 to 5 days after nerve section, however, many peripherally deafferented cells take on a novel receptive field on the thigh, lower back, or perineum. The new receptive fields are served by intact nerves ending in proximal skin rather than by misdirected sprouts of cut toe-foot nerves. Thus, peripheral axotomy results in synaptic reorganization in the spinal cord proper. Receptive field reorganization occurs after nerve transection, ligation, or ligation with distal transection but does not occur if the nerve is crushed. If a cut nerve is sutured and regeneration is permitted, spinal reorganization is reversed and the toe-foot afferents regain exclusive dominance of the medial dorsal horn. PMID- 7346577 TI - Selective retrograde labeling of cholinergic neurons with [3H]choline. AB - Evidence is presented which is consistent with a specific retrograde labeling of cholinergic neurons following [3H]choline application in their zone of termination. [3H]Choline injection in the rat hippocampus leads to perikaryal retrograde labeling in the ipsilateral medial septal nuclease and nucleus of the diagonal band, thus delineating an established cholinergic pathway, while only diffuse presumably anterograde labeling was observed in the lateral septum, the entorhinal cortex, and the opposite hippocampus. After [3H]choline injection in the pigeon visual Wulst, only the ipsilateral thalamic relay, of all inputs, showed similar perikaryal retrograde labeling, an observation supporting the suggestion that at least some thalamo-Wulst neurons are cholinergic. PMID- 7346578 TI - Ontogenesis of olivocerebellar relationships. I. Studies by intracellular recordings of the multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by climbing fibers in the developing rat cerebellum. AB - The establishment of the adult innervation of Purkinje cells (PCs) by climbing fibers (CFs) was studied in the cerebellar vermis of the developing rat. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in PCs by activation of the climbing fibers (CF-EPSPs) were recorded intracellularly from a total of 310 cells in young rats aged from 3 to 15 postnatal days. The CF system was activated by electrical stimulation of either the inferior olive (IO) nucleus or the region near the fastigial nucleus (juxtafastigial or JF stimulation). A given PC at each age was considered to be innervated by more than one CF when the amplitude of the spontaneous or evoked CF-EPSPs fluctuated in a stepwise manner. On the other hand, innervation of a PC by a single CF was established on the basis of the all or-none character of CF-EPSPs. Two parameters were followed throughout development, the percentage of multiply innervated PCs and the mean number of steps in the evoked CF-EPSPs. The data presented confirm the transient multiple innervation of PCs by CFS on postnatal days 8 and 9 (Crepel, F., J. Mariani, and N. Delhaye-Bouchaud (1976) J. Neurobiol. 7: 567-578) and strongly suggest its existence at earlier stages (from postnatal day 3). Moreover, it is shown that the multiple innervation was maximal on postnatal day 5 and then decreased until the innervation by a single CF was established on day 15. PMID- 7346579 TI - Ontogenesis of olivocerebellar relationships. II. Spontaneous activity of inferior olivary neurons and climbing fibermediated activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells in developing rats. AB - During development of vertebrate cerebellum, a multiple innervation of each Purkinje cell (PC) by several climbing fibers (CFs) (Crepel, F., J. Mariani, and N. Delhaye-Bouchaud (1976) J. Neurobiol. 7: 567-578; Mariani, J., and J. -P. Changeux (1981) J. Neurosci. 1: 696-702) precedes the one-to-one relationship characteristic of the adult stage. In the present study, the spontaneous activity of inferior olivary neurons (whose axons constitute the CFs) and the spontaneous activity elicited in PCs by the CF system were investigated in developing rats. Extracellular unitary recordings were obtained in medial and dorsal accessory olives from 249 neurons from 1-day-old to adult animals. The mean discharge rate varied from 0.19 spike . sec-1 on day 1 to 1.69 spikes . sec-1 on postnatal day 21 and 1.78 spikes . sec-1 in adult animals. Although the spontaneous discharge was low, interspike interval histograms were constructed for a sample of cells. Their modal value varied from a mean value of 660 msec on day 1 to 250 msec in the adult with, however, marked variations at each age in the young animals. Intracellular recordings from PCs were performed in rats ranging in age from 5 to 15 postnatal days. The spontaneous (i.e., asynchronous) discharge of excitatory postsynaptic potentials mediated neurons at the same age. The main results are the following: (1) In PCs innervated by one CF, the mean frequency of CF-EPSPs was similar to the discharge of inferior olivary neurons; (2) in PCs innervated by several CFs, the mean discharge of CF-EPSPs was much higher than the discharge of inferior olivary neurons; (3) as a whole, the CF-mediated activity of PCs decreased from day 5 to day 11, while the multiple innervation disappeared; from then on, the activity increased with the maturation of inferior olivary neurons until adult values. The ratio of the frequencies of CF-EPSPs and olivary neurons discharges gives an approximate mean number of CF collaterals per PC at each age; it varied from 3.6 on day 5 to values close to 1 on day 11 and the following days. PMID- 7346580 TI - Invariant characteristics of a pointing movement in man. AB - Simple arm movements involving forward projection of the hand toward a target were studied by measuring simultaneous wrist position in three-dimensional space and changes in elbow angle. An attempt was made to identify those features of the movement which exhibit invariant characteristics under the hypothesis that such invariances may reflect the operations by which central processes participate in the organization of the movement. The first such invariance to be identified was that the trajectory in space is independent of movement speed. Secondly, the movement can be viewed as consisting of two phases, an acceleratory phase and a deceleratory one, with the movement during the acceleratory phase being so organized as to maintain the ratio of elbow angular velocity to shoulder angular velocity invariant with respect to target location in the deceleratory phase. It is suggested that proprioceptive information is used to control the movement and that the latter invariance may result from a negative feedback of force involving tendon organ afferents. PMID- 7346582 TI - Isolated identified Aplysia neurons in cell culture. AB - Methods have been developed for primary culture of large identified Aplysia neurons. Aplysia ganglia were treated with neutral protease to soften the connective tissue sheath. Individual neurons were isolated either by manipulation with tungsten needles or by tying off their axons with fine nylon filament and were immobilized in a chick plasma clot or a solution of methylcellulose. Somata up to approximately 300 micrometers in diameter extended long processes within several hours in culture. A single neuron produced as many as 10 processes which could grow at different rates. Intracellular recordings showed spontaneous and evoked action potentials in neurons cultured for up to 6 weeks. Electrical synapses formed between pairs of neurons in culture. In several culture dishes containing neurons from buccal ganglia, electrical coupling was observed between 90% of the cell pairs tested. This primary culture system currently is being used to compare the electrical and biochemical properties of neuronal processes with those of cell bodies and to study the conditions necessary for process regeneration and synapse formation between isolated identified neurons. PMID- 7346581 TI - Prenatal formation of cortical input and development of cytoarchitectonic compartments in the neostriatum of the rhesus monkey. AB - The timing, hemispheric laterality, and mode of termination of input from the prefrontal association cortex to the neostriatum were studied in fetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys using autoradiography for tracing connections. In addition, the cytological maturation of the neostriatum was examined in Nissl stained sections from the same and other monkeys of selected prenatal and postnatal ages. A small contingent of corticostriatal axons reaches both the caudate nucleus and the putamen by the 69th embryonic day (E69) of the 165-day gestation period in this species and steadily expands over the next 3 fetal months. Throughout this period, ipsilateral perfrontostriatal connections predominate, and only a small and variable amount of label is detectable over the contralateral neostriatum. A major feature of the developing corticostriatal projection is a transfiguration in the distribution of its terminals: from E69 to E95, cortical terminals are distributed uniformly among neostriatal neurons; beginning around E105, areas of higher and lower grain density begin to emerge until finally, by E133, 250- to 500-micrometers-wide circular and elliptically shaped label-free cores perforate a field of densely labeled cortical terminals as in the neostriatum of the adult monkey (Goldman, P. S., and W. J. H. Nauta (1977) J. Comp. Neurol. 171: 369-386). The cytoarchitectonic composition of the neostriatum also changes during gestation: from E69 through E95, the small postmitotic neurons of the immature neostriatum are packed densely and, for the most part, are distributed homogeneously; by E105, they become segregated into cellular islands consisting of densely packed neurons that are encapsulated by fiber-rich annuli and embedded in a matrix of less densely arrayed neurons. The shape and size of the islands in Nissl-stained sections correspond to label-free cores in autoradiograms of fetuses with cortical injections, while the surrounding annuli and adjacent matrix cells correspond to areas of dense accumulation of label. Thus, the formation of the corticostriatal projection in primates involves a transformation in the distribution of ingrowing terminals synchronized with changes in cellular organization of the neostriatum. PMID- 7346583 TI - Enhancement of heart rate responses during conditioning and sensitization following interruption of raphe-spinal projections. AB - Recent evidence suggests that neurons within the ventromedial medulla give rise to an inhibitory pathway(s) which projects directly upon the sympathetic preganglionic neuropil. The present investigations were initiated to determine the effects of interrupting this pathway on the expression of a learned autonomic response, defensively conditioned cardioacceleration in the pigeon. Experiment I included two groups. Each experimental animal was trained concomitantly with a sham-operated control, and all birds received 100 trials of conditioning. Each conditioning trial consisted of a 6-sec light presentation followed immediately by a 0.5-sec foot shock. The first experimental group included birds with lesions involving the rostral medullary raphe nuclei (RMR), while the second included birds sustaining lesions of the caudal pontine raphe region (CPR). The principal findings were that (a) RMR-lesioned birds exhibited heart rate increases significantly greater than CPR-lesioned and control birds, (b) heart rate changes in CPR-lesioned birds were not significantly different from control values, and (c) RMR and CPR lesions did not affect base line heart rates significantly. Experiment II was undertaken to determine whether the elevated responsivity following RMR lesions represented a performance increment or an actual enhancement of associative learning. RMR-lesioned animals and their paired controls received 60 trials of sensitization training (explicitly unpaired lights and foot shocks) followed by 60 trials of conditioning. The primary result was that, independent of the training paradigm, RMR-lesioned animals, had significantly greater heart rate increases than control animals. In summary, the "lability" of heart rate changes following RMR lesions apparently is a performance effect and does not represent an enhancement of associative learning. Additionally, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that lesions of this midline medullary region disrupt a descending pathway important for the phasic reflex modulation of chronotropic cardiac responses to exteroceptive stimuli. PMID- 7346584 TI - The effect of calcium on acetylcholine receptor synthesis. AB - The level of cytoplasmic calcium has been proposed to act as a regulator of acetylcholine receptor synthesis (Betz, H., and J. P. Changeaux (1979) Nature 278: 749-751). However, there is little known about the effect of altered calcium levels on the metabolism of the acetylcholine receptor. We have investigated the effect of decreased extracellular calcium on the metabolism of acetylcholine receptors in cultured rat myotubes. Our results show that the acetylcholine receptor levels on the surface of myotubes were decreased 25 to 30% following overnight incubation in calcium-deficient medium. In contrast, creatine phosphokinase activity levels and total protein synthesis were unaffected. Calcium depletion did not change the rate of receptor degradation significantly (0.037 hr-1, compared to 0.033 hr-1 for control cells) but dramatically decreased the rate of incorporation of new acetylcholine receptors into the plasma membrane. The time course for incorporation of new acetylcholine receptors into the plasma membrane of calcium-depleted cells was similar to control cells treated with cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo receptor synthesis was inhibited. These results indicate that intracellular calcium levels and acetylcholine receptor synthesis are not related in a simple reciprocal fashion and suggest that the regulation of acetylcholine receptor levels involves more than one intracellular compartment of calcium. PMID- 7346585 TI - The growth and organization of the optic nerve and tract in juvenile and adult goldfish. AB - The optic nerves, tracts, and tecta of goldfish, 1 to 5 years old, have been studied anatomically using light and electron microscopy, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and tritiated proline radioautography. The aims were to document an earlier inference that fibers are added to the nerve continually and to describe the growth and organization of the pathway. (1) The numbers of optic fibers were counted in electron micrographs of the nerve. There were about 120,000, 165,000 and 180,000 in 1-, 3-, and 5-year-old fish, respectively. (2) In young fish, there are a few thousand nonmyelinated fibers which exit the retina together and cluster together in the nerve and tract. When the axons of only the newest (peripheral) ganglion cells were cut intraretinally, fibers in and around the bundles of nonmyelinated fibers degenerated. The nonmyelinated fibers are, therefore, the new ones. (3) Fibers from ventral or dorsal hemiretinas were backfilled selectively with HRP introduced into one of the brachia of the optic tract. Behind the optic papilla, where the cross-section of the optic nerve was trapezoidal, the new fibers were found in a strip along the narrow base of the two flanking zones. Closer to the brain, the fibers from the two hemiretinas intermingled before being segregated again at the origin of the brachia. (4) Small groups of ganglion cells were labeled by intraretinal injection of HRP and their fibers were traced in sections of the nerve and tract. The labeled fibers were clustered, but the positions of the fibers in the cross-section of the nerve were defined less precisely than the positions of the somata in the retina. (5) Hemisection of the nerve in the orbit, followed by intraocular injection of tritiated proline, produced radioautographs with an unlabeled annular zone of tectum. Since the retina projects topographically to the tectum, the severed fibers must have originated from an annular region of the retina. We infer that new fibers are added to the nerve continually and that the retinal origins of fibers are correlated with their positions in the cross-section of the nerve. These rules of order change with distance from the retina; the strict order at the optic papilla changes gradually to an equally strict but different, order at the level of the brachia. PMID- 7346586 TI - Cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat. AB - The projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the superior colliculus of the cat have been studied by injecting small amounts of horseradish peroxidase into the colliculus and charting the distribution of the labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. The results show that the cerebellar nuclei project to the deep layers of the superior colliculus, especially contralaterally. Of the deep cerebellar nuclei, the lateral sends the most conspicuous projection to the superior colliculus. This projections is topographically organized in a rostrocaudal sense, ending principally in the intermediate layers, and is most dense in the rostral half of the contralateral superior colliculus. The lateral nucleus also projects to the rostral part of the ipsilateral superior colliculus. The nucleus interpositus anterior projects to the rostromedial part of the stratum griseum intermedium of the contralateral colliculus. The caudal pole of the fastigial nucleus projects to the strata grisea intermedium and profundum, mainly to the latter and specifically in the caudal half of both superior colliculi. These results demonstrate that, apart from the possible existence of direct cerebellar connections to the oculomotor nuclei, the visual cerebellum modulates, through monosynaptic projections, the activity of the deep layers of the superior colliculus which is related directly to the regulation of the eye- and head orienting movements. PMID- 7346587 TI - In vitro resetting of the circadian clock in the Aplysia eye. I. Importance of efferent activity in optic nerve. AB - A transition from constant light (LL) to constant darkness (DD) will reset the circadian rhythms of most organisms to a phase that normally occurs near dusk. We tested the circadian oscillator in the Aplysia eye for this property. The test was run in vitro under two conditions. Using the two eyes of a single animal, one eye was left attached to the cerebral ganglion by its intact optic nerve and the other was detached by cutting its nerve. The amount of LL preceding LL/DD was the independent variable; the phase of the two eyes was the measured variable. When LL less than 12 hr, neither the cut nor the attached eye was reset by LL/DD. When 12 less than or equal to LL less than or equal to 24 hr, the attached eye was reset but the detached eye was not. Thus, for these durations of LL, resetting by LL/DD was found to be dependent on the integrity of optic nerve. When LL was about 21 hr, the differential response of the two eyes caused them to be about 12 hr out of phase. When LL was between 27 and 75 hr, LL/DD reset both eyes but there was a low amplitude cyclic modulation of about +/- 3 hr in the phase to which they were reset by LL/DD. This modulation shows that LL did not stop the eye clock but rather that LL/DD reset its phase while it was free running in LL. PMID- 7346588 TI - In vitro resetting of the circadian clock in the Aplysia eye. II. The critical period for optic nerve activity. AB - When constant light is 18, 21, or 24 hr, a constant light to constant darkness (LL/DD) transition in vitro results in a phase difference (delta psi) between an eye that is attached to the cerebral ganglion and its partner that is detached by cutting its optic nerve just prior to the LL/DD. This delta psi develops during the first 24 hr after LL/DD as the result of efferent activity in the optic nerve of the attached eye. By cutting the nerve of the original attached eye at various times after LL/DD, we determined when the phase resetting nerve activity occurs. This experiment was carried out following LL = 18, 21, and 24 hr. Optic nerve activity at the time of and for several hours after LL/DD did not produce nerve dependent resetting (NDR). Instead, there was a restricted critical period, 2 to 3 hr long during which the effective nerve activity occurred. Following 24 hr of LL, a 2-hr window of optic nerve activity during the critical period could produce NDR, but a 2-hr window outside of the critical period was ineffective. The resetting effect of nerve activity was produced suddenly as if NDR were an all-or-nothing event. Following 18, 21, and 24 hr of LL, the critical period occurred 10, 7, and 4 hr, respectively, after LL/DD. In each case, this was about 28 hr after the last dawn of the light cycles to which the animal had been exposed prior to LL. We conclude that the critical period is timed by a mechanism that is not reset by LL/DD. PMID- 7346589 TI - In vitro resetting of the circadian clock in the Aplysia eye. III. Location of photoreceptors that signal continuous light to continuous darkness. AB - As shown in the previous two papers (Prichard, R.G., and M.E. Lickey (1981 a, b) J. Neurosci. 1: 835-839; 840-845), the circadian rhythm of compound action potentials (CAPs) from the Aplysia eye can be reset in vitro by single transitions from continuous light to continuous darkness (LL/DD). The magnitude of the reset depends on the duration of LL that precedes the LL/DD. When LL duration is 18, 21, or 24 hr, the magnitude of the reset is different if the eye is neurally attached to the brain than if it is neurally detached. The brain gives rise to optic efferent fibers that terminate in the retina. In the present paper, we explore how the optic efferents contribute to resetting by asking whether LL/DD is sensed by the photoreceptors known to exist in the brain or those in the eye. Eye-brain preparations were placed in a special recording chamber in which the eye and brain could be isolated photically from each other while one optic nerve remained intact. The LL/DD then was delivered to the eyes and to the brain at different times. During the separate illumination, neural communication between the eyes and brain was prevented by reversible nerve blockade. The magnitude of the resulting resets always corresponded to the duration of LL that was delivered to the eyes. Photoreceptors in the brain did not contribute effectively to resetting. Also, resetting was not disturbed by nerve blockade that began before LL/DD and lasted for more than 6 hr after LL/DD. This implies that information about the timing of LL/DD was stored in the eye for more than 6 hr before it was expressed in the form of a reset. We conclude that the efferent fibers in the optic nerve do not instruct the eye about the magnitude of the reset. Instead, they activate or modulate circadian functions that are latent in the eye itself. PMID- 7346590 TI - Internalization of alpha-bungarotoxin on neurons induced by a neurotoxin that blocks neuronal acetylcholine sensitivity. AB - A protein neurotoxin (Bgt 3.1) present as a minor component in the venom of Bungarus multicinctus has been shown previously to block acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity on chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons in cell culture. Alpha bungarotoxin (Bgt. 2.2) binds to the neurons but does not block ACh sensitivity; the function of the Bgt. 2.2 binding site is unknown. The present studies demonstrate that Bgt 3.1 can induce the rapid internalization of Bgt 2.2 bound on the surface of CG and sympathetic neurons. The rapid internalization of bound Bgt 2.2 caused by Bgt. 3.1 can be seen with fluoresence microscopy using rhodamine labeled Bgt 2.2 as the probe and by immunological techniques using anti-Bgt 2.2 antiserum to locate the bound 125I-Bgt 2.2. The rapid internalization is blocked by low temperature or by high concentrations of Bgt 2.2 and is not induced by Bgt 2.2 itself or by small cholinergic ligands. Bound 125I-Bgt 2.2 is released into the medium as degraded material after internalization is induced. Bgt 3.1 does not induce internalization of Bgt 2.2 bound to skeletal myotubes in culture nor does it induce the internalizaton of rhodamine-labeled nerve growth factor bound to sympathetic neurons, suggesting that its effect on neuronally bound Bgt 2.2 might be a specific one. Competition binding studies suggest that Bgt 3.1 may trigger the internalization of bound Bgt 2.2 by direct interaction with a Bgt 2.2 binding site. The effect of Bgt 3.1 on neuronal ACh sensitivity, however, does not depend on internalization of Bgt 2.2 binding sites since full inhibition of ACh sensitivity is still achieved by Bgt 3.1 under conditions where internalization is blocked. Neurons may have more than one class of Bgt 2.2 on the neurons. The internalization of Bgt 2.2 binding sites induced by Bgt 3.1 provides an unusual opportunity to study cellular mechanisms by which neurons can regulate the number and distribution of their surface components. PMID- 7346591 TI - Mitosis of radial glial cells in the optic tectum of adult goldfish. AB - A class of tectal cells whose mitotic activity is enhanced by optic nerve regeneration in adult goldfish has been identified as radial neuroglia. These mitotic glial cells are morphologically distinct cells with prominent radial processes which extend through the entire depth of the tectal layers. The radial glia incorporate exogenous [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) into DNA as early as 2 hr after systemic injection. The plane of cell division for the mitotic radial glia is always aligned to the equator of the cell body, perpendicular to the direction of the radial process. In a few cases, radially adjacent pairs of labeled daughter radial glial cells are observed as early as 12 hr and also as late as 51 days after [3H]TdR injection. In other cases, however, only one labeled daughter radial glial cell is identified, and the other daughter cell cannot be traced. These observations suggest that radial glial cells of the adult goldfish tectum can be induced (presumably by mitogenic effects of regenerating optic nerve fibers) to undergo mitosis. PMID- 7346592 TI - Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle. AB - Spontaneous discharge of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus (NE-LC) neurons was examined during the sleep-walking cycle (S-WC) in behaving rats. Single unit and multiple unit extracellular recordings yielded a consistent set of characteristic discharge properties. (1) Tonic discharge co-varied with stages of the S-WC, being highest during waking, lower during slow wave sleep, and virtually absent during paradoxical sleep. (2) Discharge anticipated S-WC stages as well as phasic cortical activity, such as spindles, during slow wave sleep. (3) Discharge decreased within active waking during grooming and sweet water consumption. (4) Bursts of impulses accompanied spontaneous or sensory-evoked interruptions of sleep, grooming, consumption, or other such ongoing behavior. (5) These characteristic discharge properties were topographically homogeneous for recordings throughout the NE-LC. (6) Phasic robust activity was synchronized markedly among neurons in multiple unit populations. (7) Field potentials occurred spontaneously in the NE-LC and were synchronized with bursts of unit activity from the same electrodes. (8) Field potentials became dissociated from unit activity during paradoxical sleep, exhibiting their highest rates in the virtual absence of impulses. These results are generally consistent with previous proposals that the NE-LC system is involved in regulating cortical and behavioral arousal. On the basis of the present data and those described in the following report (Aston-Jones, G., and F. E. Bloom (1981) J. Neurosci.1: 887-900), we conclude that these neurons may mediate a specific function within the general arousal framework. In brief, the NE-LC system may globally bias the responsiveness of target neurons and thereby influence overall behavioral orientation. PMID- 7346593 TI - Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. AB - The effect of sensory stimulation on discharge in norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus (NE-LC) neurons was studied in unanesthetized behaving rats. Single unit and multiple unit extracellular recordings demonstrated consistent patterns of response. (1) Short latency (15-to 50-msec), transient, biphasic changes in discharge were elicited predictably by non-noxious auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli; individual recordings typically exhibited polysensory responsiveness. (2) Sensory-evoked field potentials (FPs) were synchronized with unit responses simultaneously recorded from the same electrodes. (3) The magnitudes of sensory-evoked response varied as a function of vigilance, so that the largest responses occurred for stimuli which awakened animals and the least responsiveness was exhibited during uninterrupted sleep. (4) Sensory responsiveness decreased during grooming and sweet water consumption, similar to the results for sleep. (5) Characteristic response properties were topographically homogeneous throughout the NE-LC. (6) Discharge was synchronized markedly among neurons in multiple unit populations during phasic robust responses. These results are interpreted in light of the preceding report (Aston Jones, G., and F.E. Bloom (1981) J. Neurosci. 1: 876-886) and studies of the postsynaptic effects of NE to indicate that the NE-LC system may function more in phasic processes than in modulation of the tonic arousal level. We propose that pronouced NE-LC discharge may enhance activity within target cell systems primarily concerned with processing salient external stimuli and suppress cental nervous system activity related more to tonic, vegetative functions. Thus, the NE LC system may bias global behavioral orientation between stimuli in the external versus internal environments. PMID- 7346595 TI - Rohon-Beard neuron origin from blastomeres of the 16-cell frog embryo. AB - Clonal origins of Rohon-Beard neurons in Xenopus were determined quantitatively by injecting horseradish peroxidase into individual blastomeres at the 16-cell stage and later counting labeled and unlabeled Rohon-Beard neurons. Two different patterns of cleavage were selected. In pattern X, all Rohon-Beard neurons originated from three blastomeres (V1.1, V1.2, and V2.2) on each side; in pattern Y, all Rohon Beard neurons originated from two blastomeres (V1.2 and V2.2) on each side. Counts of Rohon-Beard neurons at larval stages 32 to 34 showed that 96 to 100% (mean 99%) originated from blastomeres on the same side; of these, 68 to 90% (mean 75%) descended from V1.2, 20 to 31% (mean 24%) descended from V2.2, 0 to 7% descended from V1.1. The significance of the regionally restricted origin of Rohon-Beard neurons is discussed. PMID- 7346594 TI - Appearance and localization of acetylcholinesterase in embryos of the leech Helobdella triserialis. AB - The appearance and localization of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were studied during embryonic development of the leech Helobdella triserialis. Use of a histochemical stain showed that AchE is present in the polar plasms of the uncleaved leech egg. in the course of the first two cleavages, the AchE is transmitted along with the polar plasms mainly to the D blastomere, precursor of mesoderm and ectoderm. At these early developmental stages, AchE also lines the cleavage furrows between the blastomeres. At later stages, AchE is present in the parental meso- and ectoteloblasts and their daughter stem cells that form the germinal bands. At the completion of germinal band coalescence, AchE is present in the rostral and caudal regions of the germinal plate. Thus, the presence of AchE in the early phase of embryogenesis precedes the formation of any nervous tissue. In the late phase of embryogenesis, once the embryo has reached the stage of body closure and a nervous system is present, the distribution of AchE is that characteristic of the adult leech: AchE is localized in the neuropil of the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord and in the musculature of the body wall. Therefore, at this still quite immature stage, the embryonic nervous system has taken on not only the morphological but also some of the neurochemical characteristics of the adult leech. PMID- 7346596 TI - Rohon-Beard neurons arise from a substitute ancestral cell after removal of the cell from which they normally arise in the 16-cell frog embryo. AB - In 16-cell Xenopus embryos, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into blastomere D1.2 on one side. No Rohon-Beard neurons originated from D1.2 in either of the two patterns of cleavage that were studied (Jacobson, M. (1981) J. Neurosci. 1: 918-922). In other embryos, after injection of HRP into D1.2, the neighboring ventral blastomere V1.2, from which 68 to 90% of Rohon-Beard neurons normally originate, was removed. In the cases that developed normally to larval stages 32 to 34, the number and sizes of Rohon-Beard neurons were normal, but 14.9 to 73.9% of Rohon-Beard neurons were labeled, showing that they originated from the injected blastomere D1.2. Labeling also occurred in cells of the spinal dorsal root ganglia that normally descend from V1.2 but not from D1.2. This proves that individual blastomeres at the 16-cell stage are not committed to form specific types of neurons or restricted parts of the central nervous system. PMID- 7346597 TI - Myelographic study of the traumatic radicular injuries of the brachial plexus. PMID- 7346598 TI - The anomalies of the atlas. Computed tomography and radiological aspects. PMID- 7346599 TI - Computerized tomography in diagnosis of bullet cervical injuries. Report of two cases. PMID- 7346600 TI - Computed tomography in cervical disk protrusion. PMID- 7346601 TI - Usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the study of cervical radiculopathy. PMID- 7346602 TI - Computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine. PMID- 7346603 TI - Clinical and radiological investigations on cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis in adults. AB - The radiological and clinical features of cervical spine involvement observed in 49 patients with rheumatoid arthritis are described. The forward atlas-odontoid subluxation, after an x-ray with full flexion of the cervical spine, occurred in 36.9% of the cases. The upward subluxation was found in 8 (17.4%) cases, but only in one (2.2%) case it was of high degree. In one case lateral subluxation could be suspected by the asymmetrical involvement of the atlanto-axial joints. Erosions of the odontoid peg, subluxation at various levels, discitis and osteoporosis with various frequency were observed. A statistically significant relation has been observed between duration of the disease and radiological signs at the level C1-C2; between radiological features and severity of general clinic picture; between cervical lesions at the level C1-C2 and presence of osteolysis affecting hands, wrists, feet. Clinically, signs concerned with cervical spine involvement were found in 83.6%. Besides cervical pain and functional limitation, the headache was the most frequent clinical sign. It was confined to the occipital region in 69.4% of the cases, and was present at awakening or occurred in connection with movements of the cervical spine and head (53.1%). This study confirms the frequent involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis and shows that performing a complete examination of C1-C2 area is useful, in the most serious forms of RA, since the third year of course. PMID- 7346604 TI - A clinico-electrophysiological comparison of results obtained in 54 cases operated by the anterior and posterior approach for prolapse of single or double cervical disk. PMID- 7346605 TI - The role of apophysial osteoarthritis in cervical radicular syndromes. PMID- 7346606 TI - The problem of the spinal myoclonus. A case report. PMID- 7346607 TI - Syringomyelia and syringomielic syndrome by cervical spondylosis. Report on three cases presenting with neurogenic osteoarthropathies. PMID- 7346608 TI - Neri-Barre-Lieou syndrome. Twenty cases treated with clonidine. PMID- 7346609 TI - The surgical alternatives in cervical diskarthrosis therapy. PMID- 7346610 TI - Anterior discectomy without fusion for the treatment of ruptured cervical discs. PMID- 7346611 TI - Contribution to the surgical treatment of traumatic lesions of the upper cervical spine. Report of a case. PMID- 7346612 TI - The use of the operating microscope in anterior discectomy for cervical myelopathy. PMID- 7346613 TI - Management of cervical disk protrusions by anterior discectomy without fusion. Personal contribution. PMID- 7346614 TI - Cervical aneurysmal bone cyst. Case report. PMID- 7346615 TI - Notes on rehabilitation in vertebral-medullar cervical pathology. PMID- 7346616 TI - A rare case of cervical echinococcosis. PMID- 7346617 TI - Spinal computerized tomography in neurosurgery. PMID- 7346618 TI - On some rare spreading cervical lesions. PMID- 7346619 TI - Cervical tumors of infancy and childhood. AB - Primary spinal cord tumors of childhood and adolescence affect the cervical segment with the same frequency as other segments. Apart from epidermoids and dermoids, all oncotypes are represented. Astrocytomas and lipomas seem to prefer these metameres. Differential diagnosis has been habitually problematic for cord compression in children. Cervical tumors are too often mistaken for congenital torticollis, birth palsy, cerebral palsy and posterior fossa tumors. Of the various diagnostic aids, CT is of great importance and in selected cases so is vertebral angiography. An aggressive surgical strategy is favored with radicality as the aim. However, the manipulation of solid intramedullary gliomas at cervical level carries the risk of immediate and severe complications (hyperthermia, respiratory failure, sleeping apnea) and the long term results are not satisfactory. There is less risk of postoperative spinal deformity at cervical than at lower levels. PMID- 7346620 TI - Computed tomography of the cervical spinal canal. PMID- 7346622 TI - Medullary CT hypodensity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth's disease. Case report. PMID- 7346621 TI - The syringo-hydromyelia and its surgical treatment. AB - In this communication, we present a homogeneous series of 12 cases out of 25 patients having undergone a surgical operation on the posterior fossa for troubles of the cranio-rachidian junction, between 1967 and 1973. Each of these 12 cases presented an Arnold Chiari's malformation and either a "syringo hydromyelia" (6 times), or "bulbie" (6 times) communicating with the IVth cerebral ventricle. Two cases with hydrocephaly and HIC were drained before the operation on the posterior fossa. Two cases had a ventriculo-atrial drainage 4 and 11 years after the operation for a hydrocephaly revealed by cerebral scanning done in 8 out of 12 of our cases, while the axial transversal tomography of the cervical column and the base of the skull showed a large medulla on the 7 examined cases. Two exitus have to be mentioned 3 and 9 years after the operation, respectively after a cardiac infarction and a pulmonary embolism. With a recoil of 6 to 12 years, we can speak of an improvement and a stabilisation of our cases with the technique chosen. PMID- 7346623 TI - Intensive and reanimatory therapy in a patient afflicted with a cervical trauma. PMID- 7346624 TI - A systematic approach to the analysis of intestinal transport kinetics. AB - A statistical technique for the estimation and differentiation of the operational kinetic parameters for influx of solutes into intestinal rings incubated in vitro is presented. Influx data were fitted to an equation comprising the sum of saturable and diffusional components; the latter is assumed to include entry into the extracellular space, thus avoiding the necessity of indirect assessment with space markers. The estimations are made by non-linear regression analysis on a logarithmic scale. Comparison between data sets is carried out by performing a joint fit under the restriction of parameters common to the two sets. If an F test reveals no significant loss of information, then the parameter(s) in question do not differ from one set to another. The method is illustrated by an experiment to determine which kinetic parameters for influx of beta-methyl-D glucoside are altered when sodium is removed from the incubation medium. The results show that the Km is principally affected by this manoeuvre. PMID- 7346625 TI - Thinking about the possible role of lipids. AB - We contemplate the possibility that lipids play a subtler functional role in membranes than that of providing a permeability barrier and a 2-dimensional solvent for proteins. An analysis of the structural properties of lipids, as established by X-ray scattering studies of model systems, suggests a variety of molecular processes involving the structure of the lipid matrix in the functions of membranes. By way of illustration, a hypothetical structural transition is considered, involving nerve membrane lipids and underlying the action potential. The design of an experiment, aimed at testing this hypothesis, is described. PMID- 7346626 TI - Rapid mechanical changes in crab nerve and squid axon during action potentials. AB - 1. By using a Fotonic sensor, it was found possible to record rapid mechanical responses of the crab nerve without a signal averager. 2. In squid giant axons, the peak of swelling was shown to coincide fairly accurately with the peak of the action potential. 3. Associated with propagation of an action potential along a squid giant axon, there is a small decrease followed by an increase in the length of the axon. 4. It was emphasized that both mechanical and birefringence responses of the squid axon are diphasic. 5. The origin of the mechanical responses in axons is discussed on the basis of the theories proposed by LOEB, HOBER and TEORELL. PMID- 7346628 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in psychiatric disorders: the application of a technique for the isolation of free platelet mitochondria from relatively small blood samples. PMID- 7346627 TI - The effect of attention on smooth pursuit eye movements of schizophrenics. PMID- 7346629 TI - A comparison of patient self-report and physicians' observations in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. PMID- 7346630 TI - Perceptions of anxiety, hostility and depression in subjects exhibiting the coronary-prone behavior pattern. PMID- 7346631 TI - Diagnostic concordance in a follow-up study of opiate addicts. PMID- 7346632 TI - Characteristics of older patients in an urban teaching practice. AB - This study describes demographic, residential, health, and utilization characteristics of patients over 70 years of age followed in a hospital-based teaching group practice. Most of the patients were able to maintain an independent or semi-independent life, living either alone or with relatives. The use of formal support services, such as the visiting nurse association and social services, was common in all age groups. While 25 percent of the patients younger than 80 years used some formal support service, the frequency increased dramatically with age, doubling to 50 percent for those in their 80s and reaching 65 percent among those 90 or older. The training of physicians should include opportunities to manage for an extended period of time a cohort of elderly, independent, ambulatory patients. A hospital-based group-teaching practice provides a setting where residents have the opportunity to develop these skills with the assistance of experienced practitioners, nurses, and social workers. PMID- 7346633 TI - A nontraditional geriatric teaching model: interprofessional service/education sites. AB - Recognizing the consistent increase in the numbers of Americans age 65 and over, medical educators must prepare their students to provide quality health care to the geriatric population in order to meet future medical needs adequately. The University of Maryland School of Medicine, in cooperation with the five other campus professional schools, is striving to meet this challenge with a comprehensive, interdisciplinary geriatric training program for students entering the health care professions. The curriculum model includes discipline-specific and interdisciplinary basic minimum competencies for providing satisfactory geriatric care associated with a variety of curriculum processes designed to assure students' realization of these competencies. The educational process as presented is offered as a potential operational model for medical educators interested in the development of geriatric curriculum design. PMID- 7346634 TI - Medical student attitudes toward geriatric medicine and patients. AB - This study examines the influence of factual knowledge of the aged, general attitudes toward the aged, and personal contact with the aged on first-year medical students' attitudes toward geriatric patients and geriatric medicine. Entering medical students indicated a preference for working with younger patients rather than aged patients. Students' attitudes toward the aged were associated positively with their knowledge of the aged, but their interest in geriatric medicine did not appear to be affected significantly by knowledge of, attitudes toward, or personal contact with the aged. The results suggest that factors beyond those considered in this study may need to be examined if there is to be an increase in the number of physicians wishing to care for the elderly. PMID- 7346635 TI - The student perspective on the teaching of geriatrics in medical school. PMID- 7346636 TI - Geriatric medicine training in a family medicine residency. AB - While the need for training programs in geriatric medicine is widely recognized, there are substantial obstacles to developing such training. Obstacles include shortage of faculty members and negative attitudes toward geriatrics on the part of students. For the past two years, family medicine residents have participated in a required rotation in geriatric medicine at the Duke University Medical Center. The program has been successful as measured by regular monthly evaluations of the resident on the rotation, resident acceptance, requests by other learners in the university to participate, and career choices of graduates of the program. PMID- 7346637 TI - Effect of physician tutorials on prescribing patterns of graduate physicians. AB - Pessimism has been expressed in the medical literature as to the efficacy of educational interventions in modifying practice patterns of graduate physicians. As a result, a prospective controlled trial of a specific form of educational intervention, the physician tutorial, was designed to test this belief. Physicians in the experimental group were surveyed to assess their knowledge of the effectiveness, cost and side effects of antibiotics used in the treatment of a preselected index condition, and a tutorial was developed to modify suboptimal prescribing patterns. Antibiotic usage patterns were initially similar for the experimental and control physicians. Prescribing patterns afterwards were statistically different, with the experimental physicians increasing their prescription of the encouraged antibiotics and decreasing that of the discouraged antibiotics. This was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in direct drug charges. These results suggest that educational programs can be effective in modifying graduate physician prescribing practices. PMID- 7346638 TI - A method for selecting which procedural skills should be learned by internal medicine residents. AB - Despite a need for better documentation of training in procedural skills in internal medicine, there is no general agreement regarding which skills should be required. This paper describes a method for selecting which procedural skills should be mastered by medicine residents. Seventy-two skills were collected from faculty suggestions, review of the literature, and hospital privilege request forms. Residents and faculty at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine were asked to select from the list those skills which should be mastered by all residents completing the three-year general internal medicine residency. At least 80 percent of the 107 respondents agreed on 30 skills that should be learned by all residents, but there was significant disagreement regarding the need for some of the skills. In a second survey, at least one-fourth of the 16 senior residents did not feel competent to perform 13 of the 30 skills, indicating areas which require scrutiny. PMID- 7346639 TI - Medical student needs assessment and student affairs programming. PMID- 7346640 TI - Residents' awareness of folk medicine beliefs of their Mexican patients. PMID- 7346641 TI - An evaluation of simulated patients as instructors: implications for teaching medical interview skills. PMID- 7346642 TI - Is there an oncology domain in part I of the NBME tests? PMID- 7346645 TI - Medical educators' role in geriatrics. PMID- 7346644 TI - Premedical internship in Arizona. PMID- 7346643 TI - Participant/observer evaluation in continuing medical education. PMID- 7346646 TI - [The effects of Ca++ antagonistic drug, verapamil, on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, ECG, and blood catecholamine concentration during neuroleptanesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346647 TI - [Experimental study on measurement of Va/Q distribution by 6 inert gas elimination method in dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346648 TI - [Effects of short smoking withdrawal on CO-Hb, 2, 3-DPG and P50 of blood and respiratory function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346649 TI - [Thermodynamics of the binding isotherm of bromthymol blue to bovine serum albumin and interfacial action of methoxyflurane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346650 TI - [Effects of anesthesia on prolactin secretion in male rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346651 TI - [Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline during cardiopulmonary bypass in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346652 TI - [Anesthetic management of pacemaker implantation: clinical analysis of cervical epidural anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346653 TI - [The effect of change of total Ca and pH on the Ca++ concentration of human blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346654 TI - [Lumbar epidural and caudal anesthesia for vaginal delivery in Eisenmenger's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346655 TI - Wrinkle lesions of the aorta in young subjects and their relationship to atherogenesis. PMID- 7346656 TI - Morphine increases hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover but rather decreases its enhancement induced by stress in rats. PMID- 7346657 TI - Time-related effects of apomorphine on noradrenaline metabolism and their regional differences in rat brain. PMID- 7346658 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abdominal masses by real-time ultrasound. PMID- 7346659 TI - Usefulness and limitations of left ventricular end-systolic indices, end-systolic volume and left ventricular peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio. PMID- 7346660 TI - [Diagnosis of deafness in children: management]. PMID- 7346661 TI - [Thoracic hydatidosis (2373 cases in 15 years]. PMID- 7346662 TI - [Neonatal tetanus in a hospital milieu (1969 - 1978)]. PMID- 7346663 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis in childhood: apropos of 23 cases]. PMID- 7346664 TI - [Retinoblastoma (apropos of 40 cases)]. PMID- 7346665 TI - [Syphilitic keratitis (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7346666 TI - [Pulmonary idiopathic hemosiderosis: apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7346667 TI - [Encephalitic manifestations of typhoid fever in children]. PMID- 7346668 TI - [Late deficiency rickets: apropos of 13 cases]. PMID- 7346669 TI - [Urethral fistulas after circumcision: apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 7346670 TI - [Case of unilateral hyperlucent lung]. PMID- 7346671 TI - [Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in Poland in 1972 1978]. PMID- 7346672 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on the activity of nonspecific humoral factors in mice and guniea pigs]. PMID- 7346673 TI - [Report on the indication, technique and functional results of endolaryngeal arytenoidectomy and submucous partial chordectomy in bilateral paralysis of vocal cord (author's transl)]. AB - In 116 patients the further course of disease could be followed up. In all, 114 patients with mostly very satisfactory voice results could be primarily decannulated. In 69.7% of the patients, the decannulation took place between the 5th and 15th postoperative day, in 25.1% between 16 to 40 days. In one patient the decannulation could only be carried out after a second operation (laminotomy of the cricoid plate). This endolaryngeal arytenoidectomy can be considered therefore as a very reliable method with regard to a glottic dilation adapted to individual needs, permits quick decannulation and is well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 7346674 TI - [Serologic analysis of tumor antibodies in the sera of patients with carcinoma of the larynx (author's transl)]. AB - Sera of 20 tumor patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against a soluble antigen from cultured carcinoma cells of the larynx. The antibody levels of the tumor sera were significantly higher than those of the control group. An immunological response was also observed in sera from the control group (55%). PMID- 7346675 TI - [Is cryosurgical treatment of malignant tumors of the oropharynx useful? (author's transl)]. AB - 32 patients with malignant tumors of the oropharynx were treated by cryosurgery from 1973 to 1980. The majority of cases were inoperable patients (due to poor general condition) or inoperable tumors. Cryosurgery was applied nearly exclusively in combination with radiotherapy, often also combined with conventional surgical procedures. Even though the results are difficult to interpret owing to this combination of different forms of therapy, it becomes apparent that cryosurgery was unable to improve the prognosis of carcinomas of the oropharynx and that application of cryosurgery to these tumors is of doubtful palliative value. PMID- 7346676 TI - [The influence of transtympanal gas insufflation on the tympanogram. Studies in cases of retracted or adhesive tympanic membranes and in middle ear models (author's transl)]. AB - Transtympanal insufflation of the inert gas SF6 in cases of atelectasis mostly makes the atrophic tympanic membrane shift lateral, thus reaching a better functional position. The pathological tympanogram may become almost normal after insufflation. Model studies show that this is not only caused by equalisation of possible negative pressures but also by the enlargement of the middle ear volume and the improved position of the tympanic membrane. PMID- 7346677 TI - [Reconstruction of the ossicular chain: Plastipore prosthesis compared with autogenous and allogenic ossicles (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological and audiological early and late results after reconstruction of the ossicular chain with Plastipore prosthesis (TORP's and PORP's) were compared with those achieved by using autogenous or allogenic ossicles. In particular 32 tympanoplasties with TORP's were compared with 25 cases of columella and 29 PORP cases with 75 interpositions. Only Plastipore prostheses were extruded, up to now in 11.4% of cases. The final extrusion rate will be even higher since perforations of the fascia graft or the drum over the head of the prostheses as signs of imminent extrusions were noted in 9.8% of tympanoplasties at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. However, only in one third of tympanoplasties cartilage had been interposed between the head of the prosthesis and the fascia graft or drum. Audiological results, early as well as late ones, using the mean postoperative air-bone gap as criterion of success, showed no statistically significant differences between the compared groups. Only the comparison of the mean air-bone gaps in late results versus the preoperative values seemed to favour the PORP group over the interposition group. In some PORP cases, however, greater reduction of the air-bone gap was caused by postoperative deterioration of the bone conduction threshold level. In addition, hearing gains were more lasting in the interposition than in the PORP group. Because of the high extrusion rate and the fact that the audiological results were not significantly better than in the compared groups we will cease using PORP's and will employ TORP's only with careful interposition of cartilage and then only in selected cases with good tubal function. PMID- 7346678 TI - [Middle and lower meatotomy - a method for endonasal-endosinusal microsurgery of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)]. AB - A brief description of the operative technique and its indications is given. Advantage and disadvantage of this method are compared with other diagnostic and therapeutic methods of operations. Possibilities of mistakes are explained. PMID- 7346679 TI - [Hypoglossal-facial nerve cross-over for rehabilitation of the paralyzed face (author's transl)]. AB - Ten patients with unilateral facial nerve paralysis had been treated by hypoglossal-facial nerve approximation in the years 1971-1979. The proximal part of the facial nerve inside the petrous bone and at the inner ear entrance had been destroyed by tumor or accident without chance for repair. Therefore the hypoglossal nerve had been used to contact the intact main tunk and its intact peripheral nerve and mimic muscle system. 3 to 4 epineural nerve sutures had been placed with 8/0 vicryl suture material for approximation. In one patient anastomosis could be obtained by splitting the hypoglossal nerve with remarkable result to the mimic function, while the muscular atrophy of the tongue was minimal. With regard to the results the achieved mimic reinnervation took place in 3,5 to 5 months, but was found to be refined up to 2 years. Oral discomfort, swallowing, and speech disorders lasted 2 1/2 to 6 weeks postoperatively, depending upon the age and the patients mental activity, since the patient has to learn by using his tongue for mimical expressions. The final result obtained a balanced closure of the mouth and eyes, a complete movement of the lips and cheeks, a rarely delayed innervation of the frontal muscles. Due to reinnervation the denervated half of the tongue had developed a marked increase of activity from nerve fiber ingrowth of the intact side. The patient finally feels little to complain about the favourable facial result. PMID- 7346680 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of accessorius nerve palsy following operation of the peripheral lymph nodes in the lateral region of the neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346681 TI - [Severe damage of middle and internal ear, caused by a knitting needle (author's transl)]. AB - Report on severe damage of the left middle and internal ear, caused by a knitting needle. Stapes together with footplate had been torn out of the oval window, incus and stapedial articulation had been disconnected. This damage caused tinnitus, severe giddiness and deafness. After the ear had been operated, giddiness and tinnitus ceased within a few hours. Using infusions after the operation (Rheomacrodex and Trental), hearing largely recovered. PMID- 7346682 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the syndromes associated with deafness and retinopathia pigmentosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346683 TI - Acute management of laser-ignited intratracheal explosion. AB - The laser-ignited airway explosion is a shocking emergency. Techniques available for prevention of an airway fire minimize the risk, but they are not applicable in all circumstances. The severity of the patient's injury depends on the duration and intensity of the burn. Prompt, appropriate management is facilitated if the operating team has previously discussed and "rehearsed" this potential disaster. The distal airway burn produced by an ignited endotracheal tube differs from an inhalation burn in character and severity. The anatomic and respiratory effects occurring subsequent to the laser-induced burn are examined. Emergency care requires immediate elimination of the fire, removal of the tube and any foreign body or debris, and usually a tracheostomy. A program of medical and endoscopic management is suggested. PMID- 7346684 TI - Autophony and the patulous eustachian tube. AB - Autophony and the patulous Eustachian tube is a real but rare clinical entity often misdiagnosed because the symptoms so mimic those of middle ear effusion. The diagnosis is made by the history of fullness or blockage and hearing ones own voice and breath sounds in the ear. The drum is usually atrophic and moves with respiration but this may not be visible. The usual past history is of weight loss. The diagnostic test is to observe a regular increase or decrease in middle ear pressure when increasing or decreasing the ambient pressure while measuring the impedance in a pressure chamber. The usual variations in pressure with opening and closing of the tube are not seen because the tube remains open all the time. Few patients need operative intervention and explanation is all that is usually required. When surgical treatment is necessary the application of 20% silver nitrate to the lumen of the tube on a wire covered by cotton has given results with few complications. Injection of Teflon paste anterior to the mouth of the Eustachian tube has been stopped by the manufacturer of the paste because of serious complications caused by the Teflon paste being accidentally injected into the internal carotid artery. Why some patients with a patulous tube and movement of the drug with respiration have no symptoms and other patients with very bothersome symptoms have so few objective signs and no movement of the drum, that can be observed with respiration, remains a mystery that needs further study. PMID- 7346685 TI - The effect of preoperative adriamycin and dihydroxyanthracenedione on wound healing. AB - Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is being used with increasing frequency in advanced head and neck cancer; however, the effects of chemotherapy on wound healing have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the effect of preoperative chemotherapy, experimental animals were given chemotherapeutic drugs, wounded, and the subsequent wound breaking strength determined. Rats received a single dose of intravenous tumoricidal drugs (adriamycin or or dihydroxyanthracenedione) either one week before or simultaneously with wounding. Wound breaking strength of treated animals and control animals receiving no chemotherapy was measured one and two weeks after wounding. All wounds, regardless of treatment, were stronger at two weeks than at one week after wounding. Wound breaking strength was reduced at both times when chemotherapy was administered one week before wounding. Wound breaking strength in animals that were simultaneously wounded and received chemotherapy was similar to controls. Both adriamycin and dihydroxyanthracenedione have a deleterious effect on one parameter of wound healing--wound breaking strength--when administered one week before wounding. PMID- 7346686 TI - Unilateral polyposis and mucoceles in children. AB - Children presenting with unilateral opacification of one or more of the paranasal sinuses must be considered at risk for serious disease. If an expansile lesion is noted, the most likely diagnosis is that of mucocele. Six children are presented with such findings and the diagnosis and treatment discussed. In five polyps were noted, indicating a probable allergic origin. Radiographic evaluation of the lesion is stressed with emphasis on the value of tomograms. PMID- 7346687 TI - Homograft septal cartilage for attic support in intact canal wall tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. AB - The postoperative formation of attic retraction pockets following tympanoplasty, with or without mastoidectomy, has often been a significant cause of recurrent disease accompanied by decreased hearing levels. Nasal septal cartilage is recommended as a successful homograft material for attic support. The basis and indications for its use are discussed. Preparation and storage of the homograft materials and surgical technique are described. Long-term results are reported, including a special group in which the status of the homograft material was assessed during revision surgery. Minimal complications have been encountered. Conclusions support the overall advantages of this technique utilizing homograft septal cartilage as an effective means of posterosuperior canal wall support, an aid in preventing retraction pocket formation. PMID- 7346688 TI - Aeration of the middle ear and mastoid in tympanoplasty. AB - In order to achieve a good hearing result following tympanoplasty it is necessary to maintain an aerated middle ear space. Poor Eustachian tube function is most commonly blamed in cases of failure to obtain an adequately aerated middle ear following tympanoplasty. Although this may be the true etiology in some cases, middle ear adhesions, loss of support of the posterior canal wall and inadvertent blockage of the Eustachian tube orifice by graft material may be contributing factors. Aeration of the mastoidectomy cavity is also important to prevent collapse of the posterior canal wall, retraction pockets and to insure an adequate air reserve. Surgical techniques for prevention of these complications and a means of bypassing the totally blocked Eustachian tube are discussed. PMID- 7346689 TI - Atelectatic tympanic membrane reversal by nitrous oxide supplemented general anesthesia and polyethylene ventilation tube insertion. A preliminary report. AB - In certain instances an adherent atelectatic tympanic membrane (Sade Stage IV) may be successfully elevated off the promontory and ossicles by the use of nitrous oxide anesthesia and restored to a normal position and configuration by polyethylene ventilation tube insertion. Criteria of reversibility and long term follow-up of the tympanic membranes so restored remain to be elucidated. PMID- 7346690 TI - Experience with tympanoplasty for atelectatic ears. AB - Atelectasis is, unfortunately, still a common sequela of otitis media with effusion (OME)--including serous otitis media (SOM) and mucoid otitis media (MOM). When atelectatic ears provide a functional deficit, i.e., a conductive loss of sufficient magnitude or a residual conductive loss after aerating the middle ear with ventilation tube or early or strongly suspected attic cholesteatoma, a simple corrective procedure has been used which has stood the test of time. The procedure as well as experience with 51 patients (60 ears) will be described and discussed. The procedure consists of re-establishing the mesotympanic space, strengthening the tympanic membrane by an underplant fascial graft, cutting the tensor tympani, extirpation of any disease, re-establishment of ossicular mobility and continuity and the insertion of a ventilation tube in the anterior drumhead remnants along with silicone rubber sheeting and a moist Gelfilm implant. Methods and results are discussed. PMID- 7346691 TI - The loose wire syndrome. AB - The loose wire syndrome occurs in patients who have had stapedectomy surgery and insertion of a prosthesis which attaches to the long process of the incus by means of a crimped wire. The syndrome consists of a triad of one or more symptoms which improve temporarily with middle ear inflation. These include improvements in auditory acuity, in distortion of sound, and in speech discrimination. Forty three patients were studied for age, sex, and symptom distribution, and for results of corrective surgery. In all cases, a loose wire at its attachment to the incus was found and corrective surgery (tightening of the wire) was performed. Objectively and subjectively all but two patients were relieved of their symptoms. PMID- 7346692 TI - Evaluation and management of coagulation disorders in elective surgical patients. AB - This is a review of coagulation disorders in elective surgical patients. The study represents both a personal experience in unusual bleeding and clotting disturbances and, in addition, a 15-year review of unique problems evaluated by the Coagulation Department of a local general hospital. Of this group of cases, 17 were selected to illustrate the purpose of this report. Potential "bleeders" due to coagulation defects may be missed preoperatively both by history and by commonly accepted screening tests. The incidence of this situation is fortunately rare, but unfortunately this dulls the likelihood of early diagnosis with the initiation of specific treatment measures. The limitations of preoperative screening tests were apparent and should not be considered a fail-safe detector of coagulation disorders. Qualitative and quantitative factor assay are the cornerstone for accurate diagnosis and a guide for specific replacement therapy. Although most surgeons will never have an in-depth knowledge of hematology, the importance of having some fundamental awareness is apparent. This study encourages surgeons not to take the hemostatic mechanism for granted, and to see the need for understanding hematologic diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7346693 TI - Migraine prophylaxis: a new approach. PMID- 7346694 TI - Primary syphilis of the tonsil: presentation of four cases. AB - Primary syphilis of the tonsil is presented in four cases where darkfield examination of a suspected chancre was positive. All subjects admitted to recent oral sexual contact. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis in three of the cases. The importance of confirming the diagnosis prior to informing the patient of the diagnosis and starting treatment is discussed in this paper. PMID- 7346695 TI - Gross and microscopic anatomy of the eighth cranial nerve in relationship to the solitary schwannoma. AB - Surgical advances over the past two decades, allowing the discovery of smaller solitary schwannomas of the VIIIth cranial nerve and their extirpation with preservation of the VIIth cranial nerve, have lead to attempts to resect the tumor without completely resecting its nerve of origin. This paper reports the macroscopic and microscopic observations of 22 solitary schwannomas of the VIIIth cranial nerve as they relate to the nerve of origin. Nine tumors were removed, en bloc with the VIIIth nerve, transversely subserially sectioned and studied by light microscopy. Four of the en bloc cases and 13 additional cases were studied by biopsying the VIIIth nerve branches, lateral, and the VIIIth nerve trunk medial to the tumor. The results suggest that the VIIIth nerve is involved throughout the extent of the tumor and, in some cases, beyond the tumor limits with intraneural invasion by tumor cells. There is an immediate dispersion of VIIIth nerve fibers to extremely small aggregates dispersed peripherally about the tumor surface. These fiber aggregates are not surgically dissectable from the tumor because of the difficulty in identifying the fibers and because of tumor infiltration of normal appearing nerves. The pure tone threshold average of 500 2,000 Hz. tends to correlate more closely with the number of cochlear fibers present, lateral to the tumor, than do other auditory tests. The percent of unilateral vestibular weakness does not correlate with the number of fibers present in the superior vestibular nerve. In summary, these histologic data suggest that complete tumor resection from VIIIth nerve fibers may be beyond our present technological capabilities. They further suggest severe limits to accurate identification of candidates for this conservation surgery. PMID- 7346696 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis. AB - Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign lesion that may be mistaken for mucoepidermoid or squamous cell carcinoma. A case report is presented in which necrotizing sialometaplasia was noted as an incidental finding in the setting of acute and chronic sinusitis. It is critical to recognize the lesion as benign so as to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. PMID- 7346697 TI - A non-invasive method of qualitative and quantitative measurement of drugs. AB - Methods for quick qualitative and quantitative evaluation of drug intake are needed, especially during emergency situations such as drug overdose and alcohol intoxication. The electronystagmograph was used in an attempt to develop a non invasive method for identification of drug intake, and to study the effects of alcohol and other drugs on the vestibular system. Results of the study reveal that alcohol, diazepam, opiates, barbiturates, cocaine, marijuana, and hallucinogenic drugs produce a characteristic printout pattern which can be evaluated qualitatively. This method is a practical, non-invasive, objective procedure that provides rapid assessment of quality of drug intake. Its potential uses are extensive, including such possibilities as evaluation of drug intake in emergency drug overdose situations, monitoring anesthesia during surgery, evaluating drug intake in women about to deliver, (as well as the effects on the newborn), and determining whether or not persons who are being tested on a polygraph are under the influence of drugs. PMID- 7346698 TI - Carcinoma of the oral tongue: a study of patient selection and treatment results. AB - Retrospective review of 118 primarily treated cancers of the oral tongue was done to study patient selection and to search for improved treatment strategies. Small surface lesions were treated by local excision (LE); most small lesions invading muscle of the tongue without lymph node metastases were treated by radiation alone (RA) while larger lesions and those with palpable nodes were treated by preoperative radiation and surgery (R + S). Ultimate control of the primary tumor and lymph nodes after initial treatment and surgical salvage was high for the lesions by LE (91%), the T1N0 lesions treated by RA (88%) and for the TxN+ lesions treated by R + S (57%). Improved treatment strategies are suggested for T2N0 lesions treated by RA because of poor tumor control (53%) and a high rate of radiation complications (25%), and for T3N0 lesions because so many of these patients died from causes other than cancer within two years. Second primary cancers were most common in those patients with a good prognosis. PMID- 7346699 TI - Transillumination during osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy. PMID- 7346700 TI - Epitympanum-attic irrigation. PMID- 7346701 TI - Correction of the "right hooked" nose. PMID- 7346702 TI - [Is the Hippocratic oath truly always applicable today?]. PMID- 7346703 TI - [Thoughts of a "conservative" clinician on diagnostic methodology]. PMID- 7346704 TI - The mind-body relation as a problem of organization. PMID- 7346706 TI - [The Seralyzer system. Introduction and report on experiences]. PMID- 7346705 TI - [Scientific progress according to Laudan]. PMID- 7346707 TI - [Examination of quality control plasma for blood coagulation analyses]. PMID- 7346708 TI - [Clinical value of ascorbic acid disorders in determining glucose and erythrocytes on urine test strips]. PMID- 7346709 TI - [Neutralization of the effect of heparin on coagulation tests in heparin plasma]. PMID- 7346710 TI - [Demonstration specimen for information and documentation purposes in pathologic anatomy]. PMID- 7346711 TI - Chemotactic responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - A capillary chemotaxis assay revealed that among a wide range of inorganic and organic chemicals, only ammonium ion (NH4+) could serve as an attractant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NH4+ (10(-2) M) gave the maximum response, with up to a 15-fold increase in accumulated algae being measured. No repellents for the chlorophyte were detected. The response to NH4+ was influenced by exogenous levels of calcium, but not by L-methionine. The optimal pH for positive chemotaxis was 7.0; however, attraction was measurable from pH 4.0 to 9.0. Positive chemotaxis was stimulated by performing the assay under fluorescent illumination rather than in the dark. PMID- 7346712 TI - Amplification and loss of dihydrofolate reductase genes in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. AB - During stepwise increases in the methotrexate concentration in culture medium, we selected Chinese hamster ovary cells that contained elevated dihydrofolate reductase levels which were proportional to the number of dihydrofolate reductase gene copies (i.e., gene amplification). We studied the dihydrofolate reductase levels in individual cells that underwent the initial steps of methotrexate resistance by using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter technique. Such cells constituted a heterogeneous population with differing dihydrofolate reductase levels, and they characteristically lost the elevated enzyme levels when they were grown in the absence of methotrexate. The progeny of individual cells with high enzyme levels behaved differently and could lose all or variable numbers of the amplified genes. PMID- 7346713 TI - Loss and stabilization of amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes in mouse sarcoma S-180 cell lines. AB - We studied the loss and stabilization of dihydrofolate reductase genes in clones of a methotrexate-resistant murine S-180 cell line. These cells contained multiple copies of the dihydrofolate reductase gene which were associated with double minute chromosomes. The growth rate of these cells in the absence of methotrexate was inversely related to the degree of gene amplification (number of double minute chromosomes). Cells could both gain and lose genes as a result of an unequal distribution of double minute chromosomes into daughter cells at mitosis. The loss of amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes during growth in the absence of methotrexate resulted from the continual generation of cells containing lower numbers of double minute chromosomes. Because of the growth advantage of these cells, they became dominant in the population. We also studied an unstably resistant S-180 cell line (clone) that, after 3 years of continuous growth in methotrexate, generated cells containing stably amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes. These genes were present on one or more chromosomes, and they were retained in a stable state. PMID- 7346714 TI - Adenovirus chromatin structure at different stages of infection. AB - We investigated the structure of adenovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-protein complexes in nuclei of infected cells by using micrococcal nuclease. Parental (infecting) DNA was digested into multimers which had a unit fragment size that was indistinguishable from the size of the nucleosomal repeat of cellular chromatin. This pattern was maintained in parenteral DNA throughout infection. Similar repeating units were detected in hamster cells that were nonpermissive for human adenovirus and in cells pretreated with n-butyrate. Late in infection, the pattern of digestion of viral DNA was determined by two different experimental approaches. Nuclear DNA was electrophoresed, blotted, and hybridized with labeled viral sequences; in this procedure all virus-specific DNA was detected. This technique revealed a diffuse protected band of viral DNA that was smaller than 160 base pairs, but no discrete multimers. All regions of the genome were represented in the protected DNA. To examine the nuclease protection of newly replicated viral DNA, infected cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine after blocking of cellular DNA synthesis but not viral DNA synthesis. With this procedure we identified a repeating unit which was distinctly different from the cellular nucleosomal repeat. We found broad bands with midpoints at 200, 400, and 600 base pairs, as well as the limit digest material revealed by blotting. High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the viral species comprised a series of closely spaced bands ranging in size from less than 30 to 250 base pairs. PMID- 7346715 TI - Globin synthesis in hybrid cells constructed by transplantation of dormant avian erythrocyte nuclei into enucleated fibroblasts. AB - The polypeptides synthesized by mature embryonic erythrocytes prepared from the peripheral blood of 14- to 15-day-old chicken embryos were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Fewer than 200 species of polypeptides were detected; the major polypeptides made at this time were identified as the alpha A , alpha D-, and beta-globin chains. The dormant erythrocyte nuclei were next reactivated to transcriptional competence by transplantation into enucleated mouse or chicken embryo fibroblasts, with frequencies of cytoplast renucleation of about 50 and 90%, respectively. Since large numbers of hybrid cells could be constructed, a biochemical analysis was possible. Electrophoretic analysis of the [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides made in the hybrid cell types showed that polypeptides having the mobilities of only two (alpha A and alpha D) of the three major adult globin chains were made as major constituents of the hybrid cells. However, analysis of 14C-amino acid-labeled polypeptides revealed that a beta like polypeptide that lacked methionine was also synthesized in large amounts. This polypeptide was tentatively identified as the early embryonic globin species rho. Globin synthesis was detected as early as 3 h after nuclear transplantation and as late as 18 h, the last time measured in these experiments. It appeared that globin polypeptides made at very early times were translated at least partially from chicken messenger ribonucleic acid introduced into the hybrid cells during fusion, whereas those made at later times were translated primarily from newly synthesized globin messenger ribonucleic acid. The potential usefulness of this hybrid cell system in analyzing mechanisms regulating globin gene expression is discussed. PMID- 7346716 TI - Evoked responses of pyramidal tract neurons to stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. AB - The evoked responses of identified pyramidal tract neurons of the pericruciate region of the cortex arising on stimulation of the posterior, tuberal, and anterior sections of the lateral hypothalamus were investigated in acute experiments on cats anesthetized with chloralose. THe pyramidal tract neurons recorded were situated at a depth of 0.75-2.5 mm and on stimulation of the hypothalamus discharged with a latent period of 1.6-52.5 msec. They discharged most efficiently in the case of stimulation of the caudal half of the lateral hypothalamus. The pyramidal tract neurons activated by the hypothalamus were also tested by electrocutaneous stimulation of the four limbs. Of the neurons 75% responded to stimulation of several limbs, i.e., they had a broad bilateral receptive field, while 15% reacted to stimulation of one contralateral limb (either the anterior limb or the posterior limb), i.e., they had a small contralateral receptive field. Comparison of the latent periods of the anti- and orthodromic responses of the pyramidal tract neurons did not reveal any relationship between the magnitude of the latent period of the orthodromic response (on hypothalamic or electrocutaneous stimulation) and the type of pyramidal tract neuron (according to the axonal transmission velocity). No relationship between the latent period of hypothalamic stimulation and the magnitude of the latent period of the response to a peripheral stimulus was detected either. PMID- 7346717 TI - Orientation of the catfish in uniform and nonuniform electric fields. AB - The ability of the catfish to orient itself according to the direction and density gradient of current was studied in behavioral experiments. The catfish was shown to possess directional sensitivity of up to 20 degrees in orientation according to the direction of an electric field. The orientational behavior was manifested at a current density of 1.5 X 10(-11) A/mm2 and a specific resistance of the water equal to 15 omega . m and is maintained on replacement of a constant current by pulsed current. In a nonuniform field, the fish were shown to be capable of orienting themselves according to the gradient of current density with a threshold value of 3.6 X 10(-12) per mm. The functional significance of the electrosensory system of the catfish is discussed. PMID- 7346718 TI - Characteristics of neuronal responses in the sensorimotor cortex of the cat to monaural and binaural stimulation. AB - The dependence of neuronal responses in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the cat upon localization parameters of dichotically presented auditory signals was studied in acute experiments. Binaural stimulation was more effective than either monaural stimulation. It was shown that spatial-localization parameters of auditory-stimulus source such as interaural differences in intensity and time are reflected by the characteristics of neuronal responses in the SMC; moreover, in 67-88% of cases the most pronounced responses were observed for small, close to zero, temporal and amplitudinal interaural shifts. It was found that SMC neuronal background activity may be altered by signals simulating directed movement of the sound source in the horizontal plane. PMID- 7346719 TI - Characteristics of habituation in visceral systems. AB - The conditions of development of habituation were studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and pentobarbital, and immobilized with flaxedil, by recording evoked potentials (EP) in the cerebral cortex. Cessation of stimulation was shown to lead to spontaneous recovery of EP, and the rate of its development depended on the number of stimuli applied in the habituation test. The use of repeated tests with constant intervals between them led to incomplete recovery of the amplitude of EP and to the more rapid development of habituation in subsequent tests (the habituation potentiation effect). During the development of habituation an extrastimulus restored the amplitude of EP (dehabituation). Repeated use of the extrastimulus reduced the effectiveness of its action (habituation of dehabituation). The results obtained corresponded to the features of habituation in other sensory systems. PMID- 7346720 TI - Responses of single receptor units of the rat mammary gland parenchyma to tactile stimulation. AB - Slowly adapting mechanoreceptor units with regular and irregular discharges were found in the mammary gland parenchyma. The receptive fields of both types of receptor units had a diameter of 1-1.5 mm. In some cases the receptor units had spontaneous activity at rest (0.5-3 spikes/sec). During stimulation by sawtooth mechanical stimuli with different rates of rise the momentary frequency of the receptor units was a linear function of amplitude of the mechanical stimulus. The threshold of afferent action potentials of the receptor units increased with an increase in the rate of rise of the mechanical stimulus. PMID- 7346721 TI - Bilateral influences from the motor cortex on lumbar ventral horn interneurons. AB - Microelectrode recordings were made of discharges of ventral horn interneurons (VHIN) in segments L6-7 of the spinal cord during bilateral stimulation of the motor cortex in cats. The overwhelming majority of VHIN was shown to be activated by influences from the contralateral cortex, and about half of them also by ipsilateral influences. Clear correlation was established between convergence of afferent and cortical influences: Neurons with inputs from ipsilateral afferents only were activated, irrespective of their other characteristics, by descending influences from the contralateral cortex only, whereas bilateral cortical influences converged on cells with bilateral afferent connections. It is suggested that VHIN with bilateral segmental and supraspinal connections are important integrative elements in the mechanism of bilateral coordination of motor responses of different degrees of complexity. PMID- 7346722 TI - Synaptic organization of individual layers in area 4 of the cerebral cortex of the cat. PMID- 7346723 TI - Central representation of the anterior lateral line nerve in the catfish. PMID- 7346724 TI - Effect of denervation of the sinuous hairs on Merkel's tactile cells in the cat. PMID- 7346725 TI - Cortico-cortical connections between the auditory fields and the sensorimotor region of the cortex. PMID- 7346726 TI - Organizational details of the thalamic and cortical projections of the cat neostriatum. PMID- 7346728 TI - Drug development in pediatrics: problems and strategies. The point of view of the academic community. PMID- 7346727 TI - The position of the pharmaceutical industry in the development of drugs for pediatric use. AB - There is broad agreement that drugs to be used by children should be evaluated in children. Dosage and side effect information, in particular, cannot be reliably extrapolated from data derived from studies in adults. Few problems are encountered in obtaining adequate studies in children of drugs such as antibiotics which have a high potential for use in the pediatric age group. A large number of drugs will have limited use in children. They should be studied in children but the relative scarcity of qualified investigators, the limited patient population available for study, and ethical considerations dictate that the studies will be completed long after studies are completed in adults. These drugs should be allowed on the market before pediatric studies are completed, but there should be a commitment by the sponsor to complete the studies so that all drugs used by children will have adequate directions for use. PMID- 7346729 TI - Ethical and legal issues in pediatric drug research. AB - Clinical pharmacology in pediatrics has been impeded for a number of years by ethical and legal issues which have been impossible to resolve by individual investigators and by society at large. The ethical issues involved in such research, in children, have been defined more clearly in the recent past and investigators now have a number of guidelines to follow in constructing and carrying out their studies. The ultimate legal status of clinical pharmacology studies in children is still to be defined, but sensitive investigators who work with competent institutional review boards should be able to advance our knowledge through clinical studies in children without major liability. PMID- 7346730 TI - Drug development in pediatrics: problems and strategies. Overview and perspectives. PMID- 7346731 TI - In vitro activation of adenylate cyclase by norepinephrine, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and prostaglandins in the developing maxillary process and palatal shelf of the golden hamster. AB - The regional localization of hormonally sensitive adenylate cyclase within the maxillary-palatal process complex was examined in tissue homogenates at different stages during the development of the secondary palate in the golden hamster. The most potent agents capable of activating adenylate cyclase were parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT). Highest activities were observed in the intact maxillary process-palatal shelf complex and the isolated maxillary process prior to and during fusion of the palate. Thereafter, neither hormone displayed a remarkable capacity to elevate enzyme activity. Parathyroid hormone and CT exhibited a similar, but considerably reduced, capacity for enzyme stimulation in the isolated palatal shelf. 1'-Norepinephrine also increased adenylate cyclase activity in both the palatal shelf and the maxillary process at the earlier stages. Prostaglandins (PG) E1, E2, and F2 alpha stimulated adenylate cyclase activity within the intact palate, the maxillary process, and the palatal shelf primarily at the earlier stages. The adenylate cyclase from the isolated palatal shelf was more sensitive to stimulation by the PGs than that from either the intact palate samples or isolated maxillary processes. The findings imply that the fusion process of the secondary palate is under a highly sensitive hormonal control mechanism. PMID- 7346732 TI - Reproductive dysfunction in male rats following prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. AB - The effect of prenatal exposure to phenobarbital (40mg/Kg/day from day 12 to day 19 of pregnancy) on sexual development of male offspring was investigated. Anogenital distance of the male offspring exposed to phenobarbital was significantly smaller. Testicular descent was delayed by 1-3 days, but the age of onset of puberty did not change. Fertility was reduced significantly (P less than .05) in phenobarbital exposed animals compared to that of control. Upon sacrifice, the weight of the seminal vesicles of treated rats was smaller compared to control, but the weight of liver was increased. Hormone measurement in adult age showed a significant reduction in both testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in the phenobarbital exposed males. Moreover, prenatal treatment with phenobarbital produced an elevated level of cytoplasmic androgen receptor in the seminal vesicles of the adult rats. These findings suggest that phenobarbital treatment during prenatal development can produce some permanent alterations in the process of sexual maturation. PMID- 7346733 TI - Effect of growth hormone on human drug metabolism: time course and substrate specificity. AB - Replacement therapy for six weeks with human growth hormone (hGH) in deficient children has been shown to produce a significant lengthening of amobarbital t1/2. Studies to define the time course of this effect were carried out and indicate either no change or a minimal change after one to eight days of treatment. The increased t1/2 noted at six weeks persists for at least one year. In contrast to amobarbital, theophylline was found to exhibit a shortening of t1/2 from a mean of 7.52 +/- 4.44 (SD) to a mean of 3.38 +/- 1.23 hours in four subjects. Thus, replacement therapy with hGH results in quantitatively large but opposite changes in the elimination of these two drugs. For both substrates, however, t1/2 after hGH replacement more closely resembles values reported for normal subjects. This suggests that hGH may be a major determinant of in vivo drug elimination. PMID- 7346734 TI - Drug studies in children. PMID- 7346735 TI - Effect of furosemide on renal function of the newborn piglet. AB - The effects of development of renal function on the response of newborns to furosemide was evaluated in an animal model, the newborn piglet. Three ages of piglets were used: 5-day-old, 20-day-old, and 50-day-old. Intravenous administration of furosemide (2 mg/kg) produced a prompt natriuresis in all animals. The natriuresis after furosemide was greatest in the older piglets (110 microEq/min for 50-day-old piglets were 210 microEq/min for 5-day-old piglets). However, the fractional sodium excretion at the peak of the response was near 20% in animals in each age group. Neither the time of peak response nor duration of natriuresis was affected by age. Potassium excretion increased after furosemide and remained elevated after both urine flow and sodium excretion had returned to control. The pattern of potassium excretion was identical for each of the three age groups. Thus, while renal maturation does not markedly affect the response to furosemide, both newborns and older piglets continue to excrete relatively large amounts of potassium after sodium excretion returns to control. PMID- 7346736 TI - Dynamic exercise response in hypertensive adolescent on clonidine therapy: clonidine therapy in adolescent hypertension. AB - The cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise is compared in 16 normotensive control adolescents (C), 15 untreated hypertensive (H) adolescents, and 14 hypertensive adolescents on clonidine therapy (HRx) for blood pressure control. All subjects exercised to exhaustion (heart rate (HR) = 200) on a treadmill by Bruce protocol. Blood pressure and HR were monitored during exercise and recovery. Systolic pressure was greater in H and HRx and than C at baseline, exercise, and recovery (P less than 0.01) as was the product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate (SBP X HR). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was greater in H and HRx at base line but decreased in all subjects (C, H, and HRx) during vigorous exercise. Our results indicate that H and HRx adolescents have higher SBP and HR at rest and exercise consistent with a hyperkinetic circulatory state; DBP response to exercise is normal in H adolescents; and, clonidine in HRx lowered baseline HR and blood pressure but did not alter a normal exercise response. PMID- 7346737 TI - Postnatal growth retardation in rats produced by the phenothiazine perphenazine. AB - Perphenazine (PER), a potent phenothiazine, was administered to rats in a dose of 5 mg/kg, IP, daily for 19 days (experiment I) and 26 days (experiment II). In the first experiment, weights 3 days after treatment ended were PER 308 +/- 16 gm and saline controls 329 +/- 25 gm (P less than 0.01). Lengths were also smaller (221 +/- 2.2 mm vs 230 +/- 1.0 mm, P less than 0.05), and the slope of the growth curves for weight and length differed significantly as well. In a second experiment, the liquid diet pair-feeding technique was employed and demonstrated that the growth retardation due to PER could not be accounted for by a decrease in food intake. Pair-fed saline-treated rats who ate 2% less than PER-treated rats had a weight of 264 +/- 6 gm at the end of treatment compared to 236 +/- 9 gm for PER treated (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that PER treatment produces growth retardation and that this is not due simply to decreased food intake. The inhibition of growth hormone secretion produced by PER may be the mechanism of its growth-retarding effect. Since phenothiazines are administered chronically to children with mental disorders it would be important to determine if they produce a growth-retarding effect in humans. PMID- 7346738 TI - The effects of diazene dicarboxylic acid bis-(N, N-dimethylamide) on glycine uptake by newborn renal cortex. AB - Glycine uptake by newborn rat renal cortical slices in the presence of 2 mM diamide remained unchanged from control value during incubation times up to 30 minutes. Longer exposure to diamide resulted in decreased net uptake. Kinetic analysis of this phenomenon indicated a noncompetitive inhibitory effect of diamide upon the low-affinity glycine uptake system, whereas glycine uptake on the high-affinity system was obliterated. A similar analysis of the diamide effects on adult tissue indicated a noncompetitive inhibition of both the low- and high-affinity glycine transport systems. Diamide did not cause any demonstrable change in glycine efflux from newborn cortical slices. Thus the decreased net uptake we observed in newborn slices in the presence of diamide could be explained solely on the basis of an effect on glycine entry. Simultaneous measurements of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in the newborn tissue showed a lack of any direct relationship between the transport effects of diamide and its oxidative effect on reduced glutathione. PMID- 7346739 TI - Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters of phenytoin in pediatric patients. AB - In a retrospective study of 104 pediatric patients (0.5-16 yr) with seizures, the effects of concurrently administered anticonvulsants on Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters of phenytoin were investigated. Individual kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) for phenytoin were estimated from at least two reliable steady-state plasma concentration and dose data. Km tended to increase and to become more variable as the number of coadministered anticonvulsants increased. Significant difference was found in a group of patients taking three or more coadministered anticonvulsants. On the contrary, Vmax was not affected by those drugs in the higher age groups. Additive inhibitory rather than inductive effects of commonly used anticonvulsants appeared likely to cause an increase in Km. These observations suggest that dosage regimen adjustment of phenytoin based on the averaged Vmax in a given pediatric age group rather than the Km is recommended for a particular patient with inadequate therapeutic control of seizure or toxicity of this drug. PMID- 7346740 TI - Cardiac toxicity of digoxin in newborn and adult rats. AB - We investigated the age-specific arrhythmogenic effects of digoxin in the rat. Adult female rats (n = 26) and one-day-old newborns (n = 20) were anesthetized with pentobarbital and injected subcutaneously with varying doses of digoxin. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were monitored continuously for four and one-half hours following digoxin administration. The arrhythmogenic dose 50 (AD50) and lethal dose 50 under anesthesia (LD50) were determined using the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. AD50 in adults was 13.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg (X +/- SD) compared with 2.9 +/- 0.3 mg/kg in the newborns (P less than 0.01), and LD50 in adults was 30.0 +/- 1.9 mg/kg compared with 5.0 +/- 0.2 mg/kg in the newborns (P less than 0.01). Arrhythmias appeared earlier in adults (54 +/- 11.5 minutes after digoxin, X +/- SEM) than in newborns (132.2 +/- 11.0 minutes, P less than 0.01). Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia was the predominant arrhythmia in adults (73%), while transient sinus bradycardia appeared in only 9%. In contrast, all newborns with arrhythmias had severe sinus bradycardia and 69% had profound first degree heart block as well. In conclusion, the newborn rat is more sensitive to digoxin toxicity and develops lethal arrhythmias much more readily than the adult. PMID- 7346741 TI - Altered sex differentiation of hepatic ethylmorphine N-demethylation in the male rat following neonatal methadone exposure. AB - Since acute methadone treatment reduces serum androgen levels in adult male rats, we have investigated the effect of exposure of neonatal rats to methadone (M) on the "neonatal imprinting" of hepatic monooxygenase by testosterone. The kinetic constants for ethylmorphine N-demethylation (ED) in hepatic microsomes of adult rats are sex-related (female Km greater than male Km and male Vmax greater than female Vmax). Treatment of male neonates with M (2.5 mg/kg, sc) during the first 5 postnatal days resulted in an elevation of the Km, but no significant changes in the Vmax for ED in adult life. The M-induced "feminization" of the Km for ED could be prevented by a single dose of testosterone propionate (TP) given to the neonates on day 2 following birth. M treatment also reduced in a reversible manner neonatal serum androgen levels: Decreased androgen levels were not observed beyond the fifth postnatal day. These data suggest that the feminizing effect of M may be related to a reversible chemical castration effect during a critical neonatal period. Our studies also show that the imprinting of the Km and Vmax for ED do not occur during the identical period. PMID- 7346742 TI - Medication compliance in hyperactive children. AB - Medication compliance was studied over an 18-week period in 12 male children, ages 6 to 12 years, who were receiving medication for "hyperactivity." Subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo (PB), d-amphetamine (AMP), and methylphenidate (MPH) for 6 weeks each in a triple-blind, crossover design. Urine samples were obtained weekly and assayed for MPH and AMP to assess compliance. Individual patient compliance varied from 0.00% to 100% (x = 67%) while taking MPH and from 20% to 83% (x = 60%) while taking AMP. The percent of patients compliant for a given week varied from 55% to 80% (x = 67%) when taking MPH and from 25% to 83% (x = 61%) when taking AMP. Significant positive noncompliance also occurred; ie, MPH was found in urine during the PB period in five of 12 individuals. Poor compliance in taking medication may explain, in part, the variable and conflicting results reported in many studies of the effect of medication on improving the behavior of hyperactive children. PMID- 7346743 TI - Prescription writing in a pediatric clinic. AB - A prescription monitoring system was established in our pediatric outpatient clinic. The system was used to monitor prescriptions written by members of our pediatric housestaff and faculty. A total of 884 consecutive prescriptions written during a six-week period were reviewed for the presence of the components of a complete prescription as well as certain prescribing errors. Numerous prescription writing errors were identified. Errors were especially common in prescriptions for controlled substances. The number and types of errors raise important questions about the quality of prescriptions written in our clinic and about the cost of these errors in terms of patient, physician, or pharmacist time as well as drug cost and potential therapeutic mishaps. PMID- 7346744 TI - A double blind study of the effects of oral indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus who failed medical management. AB - Over a two year period, 52 infants were found to have clinical signs of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Twenty-seven responded to fluid restriction and furosemide; the remaining 25 infants entered the Indomethacin (IN) study protocol. Their mean (+/- SE) gestational age was 29.3 (+/- 0.6) weeks and birth weight was 1,142 (+/- 80) gm. Either a placebo or IN (0.25 mg/kg) orally was given for two doses, 24 hours apart; if no response occurred, the patient was crossed over to the opposite medication. Using Chi-square analysis, a significant response rate to IN was found. There were no significant differences in birth weights, gestational ages, or fluid intake between responders and nonresponders. However, both responders and nonresponders required a prolonged ventilator course, suggesting factors other than PDA causing prolonged ventilatory requirements in these babies. PMID- 7346745 TI - A comparison of oral and intravenous indomethacin dispositions in the premature infant with patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Plasma concentrations of indomethacin were studied in 18 premature infants exhibiting significant patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) after either intravenous or oral drug administration. Oral absorption of indomethacin was prolonged and bioavailability, based on area under the curve (AUC), was less than 20%. The mean volume of distribution for indomethacin was 0.36 l/kg and showed only a small variation between subjects. The drug elimination half-life ranged from 10-25 hours and demonstrated a significant correlation with gestational age. There was no evidence to support dose-dependent clearance or enterohepatic circulation in this study. Side effects of indomethacin were limited in one infant. No significant changes were observed in hematocrit, platelet count, and serum creatinine. The results from this study support the continued use of intravenous sodium indomethacin trihydrate at doses of 0.2 mg/kg and intervals of 18-24 hours for pharmacological treatment of sPDA. PMID- 7346746 TI - Bioavailability of phenobarbital by rectal administration. AB - Phenobarbital was administered to five patients, eight to 20 years of age, by four different administration routes: Intravenous, intramuscular, oral, and rectal. At each administration, extent of bioavailability, elimination rate constant, absorption rate constant, and volume of distribution of phenobarbital were calculated using a one-compartment open model. The results obtained suggest that rectal administration of phenobarbital is more reliable than intramuscular or oral administration of the drug for rapid treatment in children. PMID- 7346747 TI - Acute effects of vasodilators on left-to-right shunts in infants and children. AB - Based on the favorable experience with vasodilator therapy in adult heart disease and the results of acute dogs experiments, we undertook the hemodynamic evaluation of hydralazine and phentolamine during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. We studied seven infants and children with left-to-right (leads to R) shunts at atrial, ventricular, or ductal levels to determine whether vasodilator therapy might be useful in the treatment of infants with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to large L leads to R shunts. Shunts, flows, and resistances were measured by the indicator dilution and Fick techniques before and after administration of the drug. At a dose sufficient to produce an effect, the shunt flow increased after each drug. There is no evidence from studies at cardiac catheterization of therapeutic efficacy for vasodilators in the treatment of CHF due to cardiac L leads to R shunts. PMID- 7346748 TI - Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of intramuscular phenobarbital sodium or acid in infants. AB - Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics after a single intramuscular dose of approximately 10 mg/kg of phenobarbital sodium or acid were studied in twelve infants with febrile convulsions. The mean peak time after phenobarbital sodium (0.92 hr) was significantly (p less than 0.01) shorter than that after phenobarbital acid (5.83 hr), whereas the mean peak levels (16.2 vs 13.8 microgram/ml) did not reach statistical difference (p less than 0.2) between both dosage forms. The values of the absorption rate constant and the area under the curves calculated from 0- to up to 6-hr periods were significantly higher (P less than 0.001 to 9.005) after the sodium form. There were no significant differences in such parameters as t1/2, Vd/F, and C1/F between the two preparations. The overall mean values of these variables were: t1/2, 64.0 hr, Vd/F, 0.667 1/kg, and C1/F, 0.136 m1/min/kg. Some delay in rising phenobarbital concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as compared with that in plasma after phenobarbital sodium was observed, though the absolute values of phenobarbital concentrations in CSF were similar from both dosage forms around the time when peak plasma levels were attained. PMID- 7346749 TI - In vitro synergy of ampicillin and chloramphenicol against gram-negative bacteria. AB - The activity of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in combination was evaluated against 16 gram-negative bacterial isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with meningitis. The combination of antibiotics was synergistic (fractional inhibitory concentration less than 1.0) against 11 of 16 (69%) isolates by agar dilution technique and 12 of 16 (75%) isolates by microbroth dilution technique. In kinetic studies, ampicillin and chloramphenicol together exhibited an increased rate of killing against 9 of 14 isolates. Antagonistic activity between ampicillin and chloramphenicol was not demonstrated in any of the studies. The clinical evaluation of ampicillin and chloramphenicol together in the treatment of gram-negative neonatal meningitis deserves further study. PMID- 7346750 TI - Effects of special blue fluorescent light on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity in the rat. AB - Phototherapy has been widely used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Recent reports, however, have indicated that fluorescent light may be toxic and mutagenic to mammalian cells. these findings suggest possible long-term side effects with the use of phototherapy. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of phototherapy on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. The exposure of Sprague-Dawley and Gunn rats to special blue fluorescent light at an average irradiance of 1,200 microW/cm2 resulted in no significant changes in liver microsomal enzyme activity for aniline hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, ethylmorphine-N-demethylase, cytochrome c reductase or the quantity of cytochrome P-450. A significant decrease in aniline hydroxylase and p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase activity was observed when liver microsomes were exposed in vitro to special blue fluorescent light. Photoactivated bilirubin did not effect the activity of the mixed-function oxidase enzymes measured under the conditions of this study. PMID- 7346751 TI - Cardiopulmonary response to dopamine in chronically catheterized neonatal lambs. AB - Seven neonatal lambs were chronically catheterized. An electromagnetic flow probe was placed around the main pulmonary artery, and the ductus arteriosus ligated. After recovery, dopamine's effect was tested at 10 doses over the range 1--400 micrograms/kg/min in 12 studies, at ages 3 to 16 days. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased from 0.093 +/- 0.01 to 0.14 +/- 0.02 mm Hg/ml/kg/min at the highest dose. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was unchanged at doses less than 20 micrograms/kg/min, but increased 99% from 0.38 +/- 0.04 to 0.79 +/- 0.08 mm Hg/ml/kg/min (P less than 0.005) at 200--400 micrograms/kg/min. The ratio PVR/SVR increased 18% from 0.26 +/- 0.32 to 0.32 +/- 0.05 at a dose of 17--20 mg/kg/min, then declined to 0.19 +/- 0.03 at 200--400 microgram/kg/min (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary blood flow was unchanged. Left atrial pressure increased sharply at doses above 50 micrograms/kg/min (P less than 0.005). Transient bradyarrhythmia occurred in 9 of 12 studies at infusion rates of 50--200 micrograms/kg/min. Heart rate did not change until recovery when it increased (48%) from 181 to 292 (P less than 0.005). These data suggest that the dopamine response in the intact neonate is complex with divergent and dose-dependent effects on the pulmonary and systemic circuit. PMID- 7346752 TI - [Cerebral stroke in pediatrics]. PMID- 7346753 TI - [Human milk. Health status (nutritional and immunological aspects]. PMID- 7346754 TI - [Prevention of perinatal risk. Study of a selected population of infants born in the 3-year period of 1977-79]. PMID- 7346755 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6-PD) deficiency associated with the thalassemic trait]. PMID- 7346756 TI - [Congenital tuberculosis in twins]. PMID- 7346757 TI - [Mesomelic nanism. Clinico-radiologic study in 2 sisters]. PMID- 7346758 TI - ["Essential" hematuria]. PMID- 7346759 TI - [Serum ferritin in the follow-up of homozygotic beta-thalassemia treated with blood transfusion and iron-chelating agents]. PMID- 7346760 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Pediatrics Division of the Hospital of Inferior Nocera]. PMID- 7346761 TI - [Marfan's syndrome: clinical diagnostic criteria with a case report]. PMID- 7346763 TI - [Perinatal intensive care of infants of very low gestational age]. PMID- 7346762 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: review of literature and case report]. PMID- 7346764 TI - [Neonatal screening program for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas]. PMID- 7346765 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic edema in the infant]. PMID- 7346766 TI - [Polycythemia in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7346767 TI - [Hemoglobin-hematological phenotypes of interaction between beta-thalassemias and beta-structural allelic hemoglobinopathies]. PMID- 7346768 TI - [Epileptic children and their problems]. PMID- 7346769 TI - [Correlation between cutaneous allergometry )prick test) and serum IgE determination (RAST test( in an pediatric asthmatic population]. PMID- 7346770 TI - [Thrombocytosis in a case of congenital syphilis]. PMID- 7346771 TI - [The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: description of a case]. PMID- 7346772 TI - The role of the second oblique in the Poggendorff illusion. AB - It has been observed previously in the classic Poggendorff illusion figure that the end of the oblique line which abuts onto the vertical parallel appears more misaligned than its free end. Various theories suggest that angular distortions are largest at the point of abutment. Two experiments are reported which, however, suggest that, compared to displays in which a single dot is aligned with an oblique line, the introduction of a second, parallel oblique segment does not increase errors more at the abutting tip than at the free end, but, rather, reduces them more at the free end. These results not only cast doubt on the relative importance of angular effects alone in the classic Poggendorff display, but also emphasise the complexity of that figure as a tool in the investigation of visual processing. PMID- 7346773 TI - [Carriers of intestinal parasitoses in school children of the province of Rome]. PMID- 7346774 TI - [Diffusion of Trichomonas vaginalis and of several species of Candida in a sample of the female population of Bologna as related to the principal endogenous and exogenous factors]. PMID- 7346775 TI - [Evaluation of the immunological status of a sample of the female population 3 years after vaccination against rubella]. PMID- 7346776 TI - [Plasticizers with phthalate bases in milk for food]. PMID- 7346777 TI - [Studies of the levels of residues of chlorinated and phosphorated pesticides in herbal products in commerce in Italy]. PMID- 7346778 TI - [Dithiocarbamate fungicides. I. Loss of residues in experimental field tests]. PMID- 7346779 TI - Diet and cancer of the esophagus. AB - The reported dietary, alcohol consumption and smoking habits of 147 Roswell Park Memorial Institute white male patients diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus were compared with the reports of 264 white males of comparable ages with diagnoses other than cancer. Overall frequency of vegetable an fruit consumption was associated with lower risk; persons reporting fruit and/or vegetable consumption 31-40 times a month had significantly greater risk than those who reported consumption 81 times a month or more. Calculated indexes of vitamin A and vitamin C intake were similarly related to reduction in risk. Dose-response gradients were observed for frequency of vegetable and/or fruit consumption, as well as for vitamin A and C intake. The putative protective effect of vegetable and fruit intake remained evident after controlling for its possible association with smoking and drinking. Previously reported associations of smoking, alcohol use and social class, as measured by type of occupation, were replicated in these data. The findings of this investigation in instances of colon, lung, bladder, oral, and laryngeal cancers, and with evidence of tumor inhibition by vegetable properties in animals. Interpretation of the findings is limited by the difficulties of retrospective assessment of dietary intake and by possible confounding by other factors known to be related to esophageal cancer. PMID- 7346780 TI - Glucose increases experimentally induced colorectal cancer: a preliminary report. PMID- 7346781 TI - Hemodialysis of amino acids: basic studies in vitro. AB - Amino acids were efficiently removed in vitro from blood plasma, or its saline equivalent, with a standard hemodialyzer (artificial kidney). The rate of dialysis, or clearance, of the smaller amino acids approached that of urea, while the larger amino acids were removed at a slightly slower rate. A generalized inverse correlation was found between amino acid molecular weights and their clearance rates. By increasing the standard "blood" flow rate and/or the dialysate flow rate, the efficiency of the artificial kidney in removing amino acids from simulated blood was significantly increased. In the absence of endogenous influx, hemodialysis is an effective means for removing the entire spectrum of amino acids from circulating blood or its saline equivalent. These findings have provocative implications for experimental therapy based upon nutritional deprivations involving amino acids or other vital circulating biochemical components that may be differentially required by normal and cancer cells. PMID- 7346783 TI - IUNS workshop on Nutrition and Cancer. Proceedings. PMID- 7346782 TI - Theoretical and practical considerations in the use of hemodialysis for the therapeutic removal of asparagine and other amino acids. AB - The endogenous asparagine influx in mice undergoing asparaginase therapy can be neutralized by asparaginase activity equivalent to less than one IU/ml of plasma, as determined with a new, highly sensitive micro assay for asparaginase. It appears feasible that an asparagine influx of this magnitude may be cleared from the blood plasma by hemodialysis employing an artificial kidney apparatus with a clearance capacity somewhat greater than that routinely employed by renal patients. Application of this method for removing asparagine or other amino acids from the blood as an approach to cancer therapy ultimately depends upon the specific amino acid influx rates of the subject and upon the ability of the dialyzer to deplete the free amino acids in the blood plasma at a sufficiently high rate to lower specific amino acid concentrations in malignant tissues, or in adjoining interstitial spaces, to therapeutic levels. Based upon the data available, hemodialysis has potential therapeutic application as a means to control the removal of various free amino acids or other metabolic substrates from blood plasma. PMID- 7346784 TI - Choice of methods for gathering nutrition information. PMID- 7346785 TI - Nutrition and gastric cancer. AB - Gastric cancer (Gc) is generally conceived as having a multifactorial origin. Different genetic factors, soil, nutritional and socioeconomic factors have all been mentioned in the literature as possible causes. Further research on the causation of Gc has, in fact, been hampered by the large number of hypotheses. A strong geographic association between gastric cancer and stroke mortality was found by chance in 1964; this association could be spurious, but the quantitative analysis of the data showed similar relationships both between countries and within countries (e.g., in countries as different as the US and Japan), a very unlikely situation if due to chance. The same quantitative relationship was maintained using multiple regression analysis of stroke mortality. All this was observed for each sex separately and for both sexes combined. The working hypothesis was set forth in 1965 that salt intake was the predominant linking factor for both types of mortality. Stroke would then be influenced by the relationship between salt and blood pressure; Gc would result from the delaying and caustic properties of a hypertonic stomach content. The latter condition could produce atrophic gastritis, a common problem in Japan, Chile and Columbia. Atrophic gastritis favors the synthesis of endogenous nitrites and, henceforth, of nitroso-carcinogens. The salt hypothesis can give an explanation for the geographical and time behavior of Gc and stroke mortality and for the socioeconomic gradient of both diseases. Gc mortality can also be used to provide a rough estimate of the salt intake in a given country and year. The hypothesis was tested in Belgium through a deliberate attempt to lower the salt intake of the population. The observed decreases in Gc and stroke mortality were consistent with the measured decrease in salt excretion. Further research is urgently needed through the monitoring of 24-hour salt and creatinine excretion in different countries and over many years. PMID- 7346786 TI - Effect of iron deficiency on transplantable murine plasmacytoma. AB - The effect of iron deficiency on tumour growth and on host survival was studied in BALB/c mice with transplanted Merwin Plasma Cell-II tumors. Iron deficiency was induced by maintaining the animals on an iron-free diet consisting of milk cornflour supplemented with CuCl2 and vitamins A and D. Iron deficiency resulted in retardation of both body and tumor growth in weanling BALB/c mice. Their survival, however, was not significantly different from that of iron supplemented controls. The inhibitory effect of iron deficiency on host and tumour growth could not be reproduced in adult BALB/c mice. The survival of tumor-bearing hosts maintained on a milk-cornflour diet (whether supplemented with iron or not) was significantly longer than that of animals maintained on a purina diet. PMID- 7346787 TI - Lack of effect of dietary fat on the growth and estrogen sensitivity of the MT W9B transplantable mammary tumor. AB - The growth rate and the estrogen responsiveness of the MT-W9B transplantable mammary tumor were examined in female Wistar-Furth rats which were fed diets containing either 0.5% or 20% fat for 50-60 days. Estrogen responsiveness was determined by changes in progesterone receptor concentration in response to estrogen deprivation and replacement. This parameter was also measured in the uterus as a normal tissue control. Progesterone receptor levels in tumor and uterus were reduced by ovariectomy to a similar extent in rats fed either low-or high-fat diets. In addition, estrogen induction of the progesterone receptor in ovariectomized rats was not altered by dietary fat intake. Growth of the MT-W9B tumor was not affected by either diet or endocrine manipulation. Uterine growth, as expected, was dependent on estrogen status, but both the growth and its sensitivity to estrogen manipulation were independent of the fat content of the diet. These data suggest that dietary fat does not influence the sensitivity of normal or neoplastic tissue to estrogen action. PMID- 7346789 TI - Improving the quality of life for cancer patients. PMID- 7346788 TI - Histidine deficiency, food intake and growth in normal and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats with and without growing Walker 256 tumors were fed 3 isonitrogenous, isoenergetic, semisynthetic diets. The N sources of the 3 diets were casein, a complete free amino acid mixture simulating casein, and the same amino acid mixture but now totally lacking histidine. Tumor-free rats and host and tumor components of tumor-bearing rats showed identical growth on the casein and on the casein-simulating free amino acid diets. Change from complete amino acid diet to histidine-free diet depressed food intake identically in controls and tumor-bearers in early stages of tumor growth. In later stages of tumor growth, when tumor-induced hypophagia had become apparent on the complete diet, the histidine-free diet had a progressively less depressive effect on food intake in the tumor-bearers. PMID- 7346790 TI - Malnutrition, liver damage, and cancer. AB - There is no clear indication that malnutrition, per se, is a principal cause of cancer in man, but the prevalence of liver cancer in areas where malnutrition exists supports this hypothesis. Liver damage and liver cancer have been induced in laboratory rats by diets consisting of peanut meal and proteins deficient in some essential amino acids. However, liver damage, but not cancer, was produced when the diets contained no peanut meal but consisted of a mixture of amino acids deficient in methionine and cysteine, so that it is possible that aflatoxin, a contaminant of peanut meal, may have been responsible for the malignancies seen in the earlier experiments. Liver cancer developes in a high proportion of mice allowed to feed ad libitum or given a diet containing a high proportion of fat (groundnut oil) or protein (casein). Dietary restriction reduced the incidences of this cancer. This findings lends some support to current thinking that diet may be a factor in the development of cancer in man. PMID- 7346791 TI - Fusarium mycotoxins and the effects of high-fat diets. AB - Some of the inconsistencies encountered in epidemiological and experimental studies on the role of various types of fats in the etiology of cardiovascular disorders and certain tumors (of the breast, endometrium, and colon, among others) may be related to the presence of adventitious contaminants in the fats. Among the contaminants, mycotoxins, especially those produced in agricultural products by the Fusarium field-microfungi (the irritant trichothecenes, the estrogenic zearalenone, and other resorcylic acid lactones), warrant particular attention. Their production is favored by the wet, cool weather prevailing in areas notable for high incidences of the aforementioned disorders. The recent development of sensitive radioimmunoassays for the detection and estimation of some of these mycotoxins should facilitate the testing of the above hypothesis. PMID- 7346792 TI - Effect of folate deficiency on microsomal drug metabolism and heme content in the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs. AB - The relationship between folate deficiency, heme content, and microsomal drug metabolism in the intestinal mucosa of the guinea pig was examined. Weanling male guinea pigs were pair-fed a folate-deficient diet, and intestinal mucosal folate levels were measured. A significant decrease (75%) in these levels was observed at 3 weeks after diet initiation. A significant decrease (78%) in intestinal mucosal drug metabolism (7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity) and a significant decrease (46%) in intestinal mucosal heme content were also observed at this time. These findings indicate that folic acid deficiency in the guinea pig results in a marked reduction in heme content and microsomal drug metabolism of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7346793 TI - Trends in diet and breast cancer mortality in England and Wales 1928-1977. AB - Trends in age-adjusted breast cancer mortality and consumption of meat, fat, sugar, cereal, and fruit and vegetables were studied for England and Wales over the 50-year period from 1928 to 1977. At the onset of World War II, there was a marked reduction in both breast cancer mortality and intake of sugar, meat and fat, and an increased consumption of cereals and vegetables. Consumption of these foodstuffs returned to pre-war levels by 1954, but breast cancer mortality did not return to pre-war levels until some 15 years later. The association between the various dietary components and subsequent breast cancer mortality was determined for various lag intervals. Significant correlations were found for cereal, fat, sugar and meat consumption, the correlation being maximal for a diet breast cancer death lag interval of 12 years. These findings add weight to the hypothesis that breast cancer development is related to a diet rich in meat, fat and sugar, and that some protection against cancer may be afforded by a reduction in these dietary components and an increase in cereal consumption. PMID- 7346794 TI - Retinyl palmitate and ascorbic acid inhibit pulmonary neoplasms in mice exposed to fiberglass dust. PMID- 7346795 TI - Improved host defense against L1210 leukemia by deprivation of dietary phenylalanine. AB - Restriction of phenylalanine to 0.08%, or less, of the diet has been shown to prolong the survival of L1210 leukemia-bearing DBA/2Ha mice or (DBA/2Ha female X BALB/c male) F1 hybrids. A clonal assay was developed for determining the infiltration of L1210 cells without adaption to cell culture. Phenylalanine restriction significantly reduced at the infiltration of IP implanted tumors in tissues of minimal tumor involvement, such as bone marrow and brain. These tumor reductions did not occur with dietary limitations of isoleucine, leucine, cystine methionine or protein. Tumor infiltration rose to control levels when phenylalanine-limited hosts were immunosuppressed with whole body irradiation or with cyclophosphamide. The L1210-responding BALB/c host when phenylalanine restricted required a 2- to 3-fold increase in dosage of whole body irradiation in order to succumb to the tumor. In vitro complement-dependent and -independent cytotoxicity of the splenocytes of several host strains immunized to both L1210 cells and sheep erythrocytes were, however, generally reduced by phenylalanine depletion. Phenylalanine depletion is postulated to favor the development of an unidentified immunoproductive and radiation-resistant component of host tumor response. PMID- 7346796 TI - Purification and characterization of a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex isolated from human fetuses. AB - A haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex was purified from human fetuses (10-week-old pregnancies). The yield was 12% and the purification factor was about 450. The purified complex appears to have a molecular weight of 850,000 daltons. It cross reacts with human adult haptoglobins. Its electrophoretic mobility was reduced from alpha 2- to beta-globulin when compared with the adult molecule. PMID- 7346797 TI - CEA positivity in tissue and sera of patients with benign breast lesions. AB - The presence of CEA was studied in paraffin sections of 100 benign breast lesions using an immunoperoxidase technique. In fibroadenomas, CEA was found in 25% of cases as opposed to 64% with cystic disease with or without epitheliosis. Our results demonstrate a tendency for an increased frequency of CEA tissue positivity in association with a more prominent form of epithelial hyperplasia with cystic disease. The observed higher positivity of tissue CEA may reflect a higher 'cellular activity' in the latter lesions compared with fibroadenomas. PMID- 7346798 TI - [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder calculi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346799 TI - [Prostatography and prostatolymphography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346800 TI - [Role of extracardiac background in determining the ejection fraction of the left ventricle by radioisotope method with physiological gating (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346801 TI - [Telegammatherapy Cs-137 efficiency in laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346802 TI - [Assessment of patient exposure to X-rays during contrast investigations of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346803 TI - [Problems of occupational exposure to X-rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346804 TI - [Adjustment of an x-ray unit for direct multiple-magnification angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346805 TI - [Egg shell calcification of lymph nodes: a rare feature of Boecks's sarcoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346806 TI - [Intrinsic bronchial asthma in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346807 TI - [Respiratory muscle fatigue and ergometric performance in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346808 TI - [Co-operation between chest physician and tuberculous patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346809 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital enzymopenic methaemoglobinaemia with mental retardation due to generalized cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency: first report of two cases. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of congential enzymopenic methaemoglobinaemia (CEM) with mental retardation was performed in two fetuses at risk for generalized NADH cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency. In the first case the enzyme activity of cultured amniotic cells was in the heterozygous to normal range. The mother delivered a normal baby with normal enzyme activity in cord blood cells. In the second case, the amniotic cells were almost completely enzyme deficient. The pregnancy was terminated, and the diagnosis of homozygous NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency was confirmed in cord blood cells, in several different tissues and in cultured fibroblasts from the aborted fetus. PMID- 7346810 TI - Peri- and paracentric inversions in chromosome 12: prenatal diagnosis and family study. AB - Three different types of chromosome 12 inversion were seen in 15 individuals out of 44 individuals examined in one 8 generation family. Type 1: a pericentric inversion inv(12) (p112; q131) was found in 7 individuals and twice at prenatal diagnosis. Type 2: a paracentric inversion inv(12) (p123; p131) was seen in two individuals. Two individuals carried both inversion chromosomes, namely type 1 and type 2. The two inversion chromosomes were transmitted from each of the parents. Type 3: a double pericentric and paracentric inversion (type 3) inv(12) (p123; p131) (p112; q131) was observed in the daughter of one of the carriers of type 1 and 2 inversions and again at prenatal diagnosis in her son. The double inversion most likely arose through crossing-over in between the two inversion loops. A balanced translocation t(7; 13) and the inversion type 1 was observed in one individual, who transmitted the translocation only to an offspring. The frequency of inversions in amniotic fluid cells observed in our laboratory was 1.9 per cent. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7346811 TI - Sampling pure fetal blood in twin pregnancies by fetoscopy using a single uterine puncture. AB - A technique for sampling pure fetal blood in twin pregnancies using a single uterine entry with a fetoscope is described. The fetoscope was inserted into one sac and after blood had been obtained from that twin, the fetus in the other sac was sampled by trans-septal passage of the blood-sampling needle. This was done in six out of seven patients, the first in the series having two separate insertions of the fetoscope, one into each sac. Pure fetal blood was taken from all 14 fetuses, either from the placental insertion of the umbilical cord or the umbilicus, and the volume of the samples ranged from 200 mul to 1200 mul. In six patients the fetuses were at risk of beta-thalassaemia and in one of haemophilia A. Some observations are made relating zygosity to the ultrasonic and fetoscopic appearance of the septum between the sacs. PMID- 7346812 TI - Prenatal detection of the autosomal recessive type of polycystic kidney disease by trehalase assay in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7346813 TI - A case of a paracentric inversion inv(7)(q11q22). Prenatal detection and counselling. AB - A paracentric inversion in the long arm of a number 7 chromosome was detected in an amniotic cell culture from a 41 year old woman, screened because of maternal age. The karyotype was 46, XX, inv(7) (q11q22). Her husband carried an identical inversion. The parents were advised that the pregnancy should continue and a healthy infant was born at term. Prenatal diagnosis and counselling for paracentric inversion heterozygotes are discussed in the light of published and unpublished cases. PMID- 7346814 TI - Menkes X-linked disease: prenatal diagnosis of hemizygous males and heterozygous females. AB - Menkes X-linked disease, a copper disturbance syndrome, is detectable in cell cultures. Prenatal findings in two at-risk foetuses suggested that prenatal diagnosis was also feasible. In this study, we report substantial evidence that therapeutic abortion can be limited to hemizygous males. Forty-two at-risk pregnancies from 21 European families and 1 Canadian family were monitored with 64Cu-uptake into cultured amniotic fluid cells. In 10 pregnancies with a male karyotype an affected foetus was predicted on the basis of the copper studies. The pregnancies were terminated and the diagnosis was in each case confirmed by a markedly increased placenta copper content. Fourteen male foetuses were predicted to be unaffected and none of them has developed signs of Menkes disease after birth. In 6 of these cases the diagnosis was checked in the newborn boy by placenta copper measurements, and they all had copper concentrations within normal limits. Eighteen pregnancies with a female karyotype were also studied, 9 females could be identified as carriers on the basis of the tissue culture studies or raised placenta copper values. PMID- 7346815 TI - Apolipoproteins in human fetal blood and amniotic fluid in mid-trimester pregnancy. AB - To examine the potential for prenatal diagnosis of genetic lipoprotein metabolic defects (e.g. abetalipoproteinemia. Tangier disease) we determined the normal concentrations of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, B, and E in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and fetal plasma. The concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II in amniotic fluid were 1--2 per cent of the respective levels in the mother's plasma, whereas apo B and apo E were undetectable in amniotic fluid. In contrast to amniotic fluid, all four apolipoproteins were detectable in fetal plasma, and the levels of apo A-I, apo B and apo E were in the range observed in the mothers: 160.2 +/- 103.1, 59.8 +/- 35.7 and 5.7 +/- 3.5 mg/dl respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 13). The fetal plasma level of apo A-II (28.3 +/- 12.4 mg/dl) was two-thirds that observed in the mother's plasma. The normal levels of these apolipoproteins in fetal plasma are well above the sensitivity of the methods, and their quantification requires only 10--20 microliters of fetal plasma. Determination of apolipoproteins in fetal blood obtained by fetoscopy thus may provide a method for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital apolipoprotein deficiencies. PMID- 7346816 TI - Normal fetal cardiac anatomy--a basis for the echocardiographic detection of abnormalities. AB - Real-time examination of the fetal heart in 350 pregnancies has allowed a composite picture of normal fetal cardiac anatomy to be established and echocardiographic interpretation has been confirmed by anatomical studies. Two echocardiographic sections are readily obtainable and are suggested as applicable to routine scanning but the specialist nature of interpreting abnormalities is stressed. Six abnormalities have been suspected during the study and five confirmed anatomically or at cardiac catheterization. In view of the low incidence of congenital heart disease in a normal obstetric population, high risk groups should perhaps be selected for cardiac scanning at the present time. These include mothers of previously affected babies, diabetic mothers and certain abnormalities of pregnancy. Fetal ascites is particularly important, being present in three of four proven cases of cardiac abnormality. PMID- 7346817 TI - In utero diagnosis of Kleeblattschadel (cloverleaf skull). AB - Kleeblattschadel anomaly, or cloverleaf skull (Comings, 1965) is a name given to a grotesque appearance of the skull resulting from congenital premature synostosis of the various sutures. These will usually include the coronal and lambdoidal sutures. This rare entity is usually diagnosed during the newborn period and is verified by radiological findings. With the advent of ultrasound, and its frequent usage in obtaining bi-parietal diameters, prenatal diagnosis of this skull abnormality is possible, and has recently been reported (Brahman et al. 1979). This communication reports another case of prenatal diagnosis of Kleeblattschadel by ultrasound. PMID- 7346818 TI - Trisomy 20 mosaicism in a foetus. PMID- 7346819 TI - Communication openness with friends, relatives and children of couples having amniocentesis. PMID- 7346820 TI - Catecholamine metabolites in amniotic fluid from fetuses with neural tube defects. PMID- 7346821 TI - Can oculocutaneous albinism be diagnosed prenatally? PMID- 7346822 TI - Risk of amniocentesis and laboratory findings in a series of 1500 prenatal diagnoses. AB - The experiences with 1500 midtrimester prenatal diagnoses are reported. Abnormal findings of amniotic fluid investigations led to 43 therapeutic abortions. In +/- 30 per cent of the chromosome anomalies diagnosed, the significance of the effect on fetal development was inconclusive. The outcomes of all pregnancies except one are known. Fetal loss and perinatal mortality involved 69 cases, 23 (33 per cent) of which occurred within three weeks after amniocentesis. In these 23 cases there appeared to be a relationship between the degree of experience of the gynaecologist and fetal loss: 3.7 per cent when this experience was limited to a maximum of 10 punctures diminishing to 0.3 per cent with an experience of more than 50 punctures. It is concluded that the risk of an abortion due to amniocentesis decreases as the gynaecologist becomes more experienced with the puncture technique. PMID- 7346823 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of masses in a 15 week fetus: hydrops in a fetus with umbilical cord occlusion. PMID- 7346825 TI - Failure of amniotic fluid cell cultures due to syringe toxicity. PMID- 7346824 TI - Neural tube defects in trisomy 18. PMID- 7346826 TI - Maple syrup urine disease: alpha-ketoisocaproate decarboxylation activity in different types of cultured amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 7346827 TI - Fetal Marfan syndrome: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis with pathological confirmation of skeletal and aortic lesions. PMID- 7346828 TI - The characterization of hCG regulation in cultured human amniotic fluid cells. AB - The media from primary cultures and subcultures of second trimester human amniotic fluid (AF) cells were assayed by radioimmunoassay to quantitate production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Primary AF cultures produce more hCG per cell than do the corresponding subcultures. Sodium butyrate (2mM) stimulates AF subcultures to produce 5-13 times more hCG per cell or per mg of cellular protein than do untreated subcultures. This stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate is dose dependent between 0 and 5 mM. Addition of sodium butyrate 24 hours after subculture, while stimulating production of hCG during the subsequent 3 days, also results in fewer cells and less protein per culture. This effect on cell growth is also dose-dependent. Previous investigators have proposed that the stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate in other types of cell cultures is due to an effect of that agent on culture growth. Therefore, in these studies AF cells are allowed to grow to confluency before sodium butyrate was added. Production of hCG was stimulated by sodium butyrate about four-fold during the next 5 days although no significant changes were observed either in number of cells or amount of cellular protein per culture. These results suggest that stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate is not dependent on its effect on growth of the cultures. PMID- 7346829 TI - Normal fetal growth despite persistent amniotic fluid leakage after genetic amniocentesis. AB - Two women not only lost relatively large amounts of amniotic fluid immediately following genetic amniocentesis, but continued to lose fluid for the remainder of their pregnancies. Periodic ultrasonographic assessment confirmed normal fetal growth and presence of some amniotic fluid. Both women were delivered at term of normal offspring who showed no evidence of fetal deformations. Although amnionitis is a risk, cautious surveillance may permit continuation of pregnancies complicated by copious or persistent amniotic fluid leakage following genetic amniocentesis. PMID- 7346830 TI - Recent and prospective fertility trends in Great Britain. PMID- 7346831 TI - Changing patterns of conception and fertility. Proceedings of the sixteenth annual symposium of the Eugenics Society, London 1979. PMID- 7346832 TI - Effects of drugs in pregnancy and during lactation. PMID- 7346833 TI - The present status of AID in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7346834 TI - Medical and social hazards of teenage pregnancy. PMID- 7346835 TI - Risks and problems for the older parent. PMID- 7346836 TI - Relative risks in fertility control and reproduction: individual choice and medical practice. PMID- 7346837 TI - Electromyographic changes induced by oral carnitine treatment in dialysis patients. PMID- 7346838 TI - Acid-base balance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Metabolic acidosis was demonstrated in a group of anuric CAPD patients. Dialysate HCO3- loss was the major determinant of a negative base balance of 26.4 +/- 23.5 mMol/day. Bicarbonate supplementation corrected the acidosis. A primary respiratory alkalosis was also present in several patients. PMID- 7346839 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis vs home hemodialysis. PMID- 7346840 TI - Drainage characteristics of the column disc catheter: a new chronic peritoneal access catheter. PMID- 7346841 TI - Preliminary clinical results with sodium-volume modeling of hemodialysis therapy. PMID- 7346842 TI - Hepatitis B markers among dialysis patients without hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody. PMID- 7346843 TI - Effect of correction of dialysis related hypoxemia on cardiac dysfunction during hemodialysis. PMID- 7346844 TI - Accelerated creatinine metabolism and elevated CPK with androgen therapy. PMID- 7346845 TI - Prevention of anti-N like antibodies development with nonformaldehyde reuse procedure. PMID- 7346846 TI - Improved lipid profiles with bicarbonate dialysis. PMID- 7346847 TI - On the clinical usefulness of the FENa test in acute renal failure: a critical analysis. PMID- 7346848 TI - Hemodialysis access site morbidity. PMID- 7346849 TI - Urea removal in closed-loop hemodialysis by direct electrolysis. PMID- 7346850 TI - The effect of peritoneal dialysis of the pharmacokinetics of amikacin. PMID- 7346851 TI - Routine clinical use of urea kinetics (UK) to guide the individualized dialysis (D) prescription. PMID- 7346852 TI - Hemodialysis without heparin infusion using Cordis Dow 3500 hollow fiber. AB - 1) Hemodialysis for 3-4 hrs with C-3500 without heparin infusion is possible. 2) Hemodialysis without heparin with C-3500 may be preferred for patients with active or potential bleeding. 3) Excessive clotting may occur when blood flow is less than 250 ml/min, blood transfusion is used during dialysis or dialysis is longer than 3.5-4 hrs. PMID- 7346853 TI - Infectious disease in the elderly. PMID- 7346854 TI - Asthma in young adults: pharmacogenetic aspects of hyperreactivity. PMID- 7346855 TI - Epilepsy. PMID- 7346856 TI - Emergency medicine: shock--do's and dont's of the trade. PMID- 7346857 TI - Brown lung disease. PMID- 7346858 TI - Medical aspects of risk classification (Medical Directors/Actuary Panel). PMID- 7346860 TI - Epidemiologic approaches to the study of cancer. PMID- 7346859 TI - Recent trends in cardiovascular disease mortality: is the end of the epidemic in sight? PMID- 7346861 TI - Cardiac risk factors and how we change them. PMID- 7346862 TI - Industrial cancer education and screening. PMID- 7346863 TI - What's new in cancer surgery. PMID- 7346864 TI - Preventive approach to cardiology: role of exercise training. PMID- 7346865 TI - On a unified theory of cancer etiology and treatment based on the superconduction double-dipole model. AB - The human biological cell is a complex nonlinear system that behaves electrically as a double dipole. The nonlinear property of the cytoplasmic membrane permits is to divide; but it is the double-dipole property that motivates division and growth. Increasing the double-dipole moment increases speed of division. If the time required for division due to forces developed by the double-dipole becomes much less than the time needed for the chromatin material of the nucleus to properly develop and mature, defective genes will be formed, producing mutated daughter cells. Thus any stimulus that for prolonged periods increases the double dipole moment can be responsible for producing mutated cells. One such stimulus is a "supercurrent" from an organic superconducting source. This supercurrent applied to tissue increases the cellular dipole moment, hence can produce an uncontrolled proliferation of biological cells giving rise to a tumor. In contrast, an injury current produces a controlled proliferation of embryonic cells in the traumatized area of the system. The latter proliferation is regulated by the negative feedback action of the host, which does not occur in the case of the supercurrent produced by an organic superconductor. Knowledge of the kind of organic superconductor involved, its transition temperature, and the critical magnetic field could make feasible a therapy aimed at terminating the offending supercurrent in the host. PMID- 7346866 TI - Color reaction of sugars with cysteine. II. Pigment formation from sugars and biological materials. AB - Among carbohydrates, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and glycogen yielded a previously described fluorescent pigment, reddish in alkaline medium and yellowish in acid, when heated with L-cysteine in hydrochloric acid solution. D Fructose and some pentoses yielded other patients. Among tissue hydrolysates, liver, small intestine, brain, and spleen were found rich in the cysteine pigment but little or none was produced from skeletal muscle, blood, or urine. Among subfractions of rat liver cells, the microsomal fraction proved the richest source of the pigment in nmol/mg protein, though the total yield from the soluble fraction was comparable to that from the microsomal fraction. In the latter fraction, only ribosomal particles yielded the pigment; smooth membrane did not. The pigment yield from yeast was comparable to that from liver. Yield from Escherichia coli K-12 was about one-forth that from yeast. PMID- 7346867 TI - Theoretical studies on tricyclic antidepressants. IV. Probable submolecular topographic structures of the "amine pump" receptor. AB - A probable structure for the best tricyclic antidepressant with respect to inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine into peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals has been reported. Using tha result as indicating the particular conformation in which the tricyclic antidepressant is likely to mimic the biogenic amine at the membrane "pump" receptor site, the topography of the receptor surface has been worked out by simulating space-filling models of the best inhibitors of the two types in the superposed state. With appropriate computer graphic facilities such surfaces can be used to screen other untested molecules and to predict their activity. PMID- 7346868 TI - Proposed role of glutathione in L-methionine transport across rabbit renal brush border membranes. AB - Glutathione has been proposed as responsible for amino acid transport across the brush border membrane of the kidney. According to the gamma glutamyl cycle hypothesis, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme bound to brush border membranes, interacts with intracellular glutathione and an extracellular amino acid, incurring formation of gamma glutamyl-amino acid which is then transported into the cell. The hypothesis further holds that glutathione levels are held constant by a reaction cycle involving 5 cytosolic enzymes and the utilization of 3 moles of ATP. We evaluated this hypothesis, using a brush border vesicle system from rabbit renal proximal tubule. The vesicles enabled study of the transport of L-methionine in a system free of other factors that might influence glutathione. The results suggest that glutathione alone does not enhance the influx of methionine. PMID- 7346869 TI - Structural features of PGBX (a prostaglandin polymer) deduced by analogies with dimers derived from 15-keto-prostaglandin B. AB - The polymeric prostaglandin, PGBX, has a beneficial effect on oxidative phosphorylation of damaged mitochondria in vitro and has manifested interesting effects in vivo. Its chemical structure has been partially elucidated by comparison of its 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrum with the spectra of prostaglandin monomers. Reported here is subsequent comparison of PGBX with two prostaglandin dimers derived from 15-keto-PGB1, which provide more complete structural information. The two prostaglandin dimers were synthesized and analyzed by 13C-MNR and by other techniques, with particular attention to positions of linkages between the two monomeric prostaglandin subunits of the dimers. Based on these data, some proposals are presented regarding probable locations of linkages between prostaglandin monomeric subunits in the polymeric PGBX. PMID- 7346870 TI - A new approach to microwave hyperthermia therapy for cancer. AB - High frequency electromagnetic fields are used currently in clinical therapy of cancer. A considerable research effort is spent on improving field application techniques. The main difficulty encountered is the establishment of a sufficient temperature difference between normal and cancerous tissue for effective therapy. Therefore I propose a temperature cycling technique in field applications which should permit achieving higher temperatures in the tumor region while temperatures in normal tissue remain within a physiological range. It is expected that by this technique an improvement in cancer cure rate could be obtained. PMID- 7346871 TI - [Moral problems in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346872 TI - [Psychodramatherapy with neurotics and psychotics using video-feedback (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346873 TI - [Features of depth psychology oriented psychodrama inpatient therapy--necessities and limitations by the hospital institution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346874 TI - [Dimensions of child play and the dimension of "play" in adult psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346875 TI - [Practical consequences of recent psychotherapy research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346876 TI - [Patient-centered teaching of students of medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346877 TI - [Guided affective imagery and anxiety control: a comparison of two specific factors of effect in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346878 TI - [Paradoxical intention, de-reflexion and the logotherapeutic theory of the neurosis: a critical survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346879 TI - [Treatment expectancy and success of treatment in autogenic treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346880 TI - [Psychotherapy as part of the study of medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346881 TI - [Training of psychology students in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346882 TI - [The concept of disease within the framework of German social compulsory insurance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346883 TI - [On the situation of psychotherapy in Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346884 TI - [Psychotherapeutic division of work and co-operation between physicians and psychologists in a psychiatric hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346885 TI - [Co-operation between physicians and psychologists seen from the angle of a psychosomatic clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346886 TI - [Co-operation between physicians and psychologists in psychotherapy (report based on experience collected in a psychotherapeutic clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346887 TI - [Some remarks to moral problems in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346888 TI - [Effect of atrazine, linuron and 2, 4-D amine on various biological properties of a soil sample. I - Field trial]. AB - Herbicides have a considerable influence on soil microorganisms and soil biochemistry. These influences are likely to be reflected in soil fertility and plant growth. The effects of atrazine, linuron and 2,4-D amine were studied on soil microflora in a field trial with sorghum in Rio Cuarto, Argentina. Atrazine and linuron were applied before sowing and before emergency, and 2-4,-D amine as post-emergence herbicide. Dehydrogenase activity with TTC (tri-Cl-phenyl tetrazolium) as electron acceptor, nitrogen mineralization by the steam distillation method (ammonia and nitrate) and enumerations of cellulose decomposing microorganisms and dinitrogen fixing genus Azotobacter on selective mediums, were studied. The dehydrogenase activity did not show conclusive effects of herbicide action. The small differences at 20 and 71 days after sowing, fluctuated around the control value. The nitrogen mineralization was also barely affected by treatments. At 20 days after sowing, all plots with herbicide accumulated less mineral nitrogen than the control, but only those treated atrazine before emergence (2 kg/ha) differed significantly (5%). At 71 days a small stimulation of nitrification by linuron was observed. These differences disappeared at the end of the trial (3 1/2 months). The microbial population of cellulose decomposers was very sensitive to herbicides. This restriction seems to depend on unfavorable food conditions for these microorganisms in a soil without weeds, or it is due to enzyme inhibition by pesticides. This group was inhibited by all treatments in the same manner at flowering time. The nitrogen fixing Azotobacter, which is stimulated in the rhizosphere of grasses, was not affected by these chemicals. PMID- 7346889 TI - [Infections due to several species of Salmonella in Mendoza, Argentina]. AB - Fifty nine sporadic cases and forty five cases from six outbreaks of salmonellosis occurring in Mendoza, Argentina between 1972-76 are reported. All 104 patients were studied epidemiologically searching for the etiologic agent, implicated food and contacts. Stools of patients and contacts were examined. Other clinical specimens and the implicated foods were examined bacteriologically. The Salmonella isolates were classified in eleven serotypes with the following order of frequency: a) Outbreaks: S. typhimurium (50,0%), S. derby (16,7%), S. newport (16,7%), S. bredeney (16,7%), S. enteritidis (16,7%), S. cholerae-suis (16,7%) and S. oranienburg (16,7%). b) Sporadic cases; S. typhimurium (35,9%), S. newport (15,6%), S. anatum (7,8%), S. oranienburg (6,2%), S. derby (4,7%), S. java (3,1%), S. cholerae-suis (3,1%), S. bredeney (1,6%), S. enteritidis (1,6%), S. minnesota (1,6%), S. urbana (1,6%), and Salmonella spp (17,2%). These results are compared with those obtained in the same areas between 1962-71 and with the serotype frequencies from different sources of infection found in Mendoza and other regions. PMID- 7346890 TI - Psychiatric case definition. PMID- 7346891 TI - Psychological considerations of illness and hospitalization in childhood. PMID- 7346892 TI - The "double standard" in industrial hazards. PMID- 7346893 TI - The principle of separate responsibility in clinical psychiatric practice. 6 years' experience. AB - An experiment lasting 6 years with an organizational principle called 'separate responsibility' is described. Its aim was to promote open two-way communication in an acute psychiatric admission clinic, by dividing power, i.e. responsibility for individual patients and patients as a group, over two multidisciplinary treatment teams. Multidisciplinarity, however, turned out to be impossible to maintain for different reasons. Instead, a splitting occurred of medical and nursing disciplines through identification of the former with individual treatment and of the latter with the patient groups. An unproductive loss of common treatment goals was the result leading to a near closing down of the clinic. Putting medical and nursing personnel into one team, responsible for the entire treatment of the unit, restored productivity and improved treatment and the working climate. PMID- 7346894 TI - Psychogenic retention of urine. AB - Psychogenic retention of urine (PRU) may manifest itself in different clinical forms which mimic a genuine organic disturbance. Three clinical examples are presented in which PRU appears as: (1) malingering; (2) an upper motor lesion inducing spastic closure of the bladder neck, and (3) an alteration of the sensory input, closely resembling sensory neuron damage. The urologist becomes involved in the treatment of these patients by the natural expression of the symptoms. The underlying psychogenic factor does not become evident until urodynamic investigations and often specific therapeutic steps have been undertaken. The urologic treatment sometimes appears helpful because the patients do not realise or refuse to accept the idea of a psychogenic cause and expect relief from the urologist. The latter should withdraw his involvement as soon as an organic cause has been excluded. PMID- 7346895 TI - The course of depression for different types of schizophrenia. AB - During 197 courses of treatment for schizophrenia, depressive mood was evaluated every other day with a self-rating mood scale. The different patterns of depression identified in an earlier study could be correlated with the diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenia in which the patients were classified. Hebephrenic affect disturbance appeared as temporal discontinuity of depressive mood during the courses of treatment. Patients with a paranoid type of schizophrenia were the least depressed and had the fewest fluctuations of mood. Although patients with a schizoaffective type of schizophrenia exhibited characteristic changes between manic and depressive mood, their mood within a manic or depressive period was more stable than that of any other subgroup. The differences in depressive course are discussed in terms of their symptomatological and diagnostic significance. PMID- 7346896 TI - Epidemic faintness: a psychophysiological investigation. AB - A psychophysiological assessment was carried out in 16 telephone operators, who fainted during an epidemic, and in 16 control subjects. Heart rate, skin conductance level, number of spontaneous fluctuations and pulse volume were measured at rest and during periods of auditory and visual stimulation. All subjects completed rating scales on anxiety, depression, anxiety experienced during experimental procedure and personality inventories. Analysis of data support the notion that the fainting episodes represent a form of transitory anxiety attacks in response to environmental stress and are not related either to hysteria or to anxiety state. PMID- 7346897 TI - [Depressive patients in institutional treatment. 1st results of an epidemiologic study of the Weissenauer Depression Ward]. AB - Between the end of 1976 and the beginning of 1980 more than 700 patients were admitted to the Weissenau Depression Ward. The most important data were obtained by way of special questionnaires, and part of it will be presented in abridged form in the following paper. In respect of the distribution of sex and age, marital status, manner and background of admission, psychiatric case history, duration of hospitalization, nosological allocation, above all for the nature of depression, age, phenomenological and nosological distribution, course of illness, time of hospitalisation, and therapeutical success interesting information is gained. PMID- 7346898 TI - Delusional misidentification syndromes and cerebral 'dysrhythmia'. AB - Electroencephalographic investigation of 21 patients with delusional misidentification syndromes (11 with the syndrome of Capgras, 7 with the syndrome of Fregoli, 2 with the syndrome of intermetamorphosis and 1 with the syndrome of subjective doubles) revealed a high abundance and severity of abnormalities. The findings are discussed within the framework of a possible organic (and more specifically dysrhythmic) contribution to the pathogenesis of these syndromes. PMID- 7346899 TI - [Maternal and perinatal characteristics in women with previous cesarean section]. PMID- 7346900 TI - [Prophylactic antimicrobial agents in cesarean section]. PMID- 7346901 TI - [Prenatal echographic diagnosis of congenital urologic malformations and its prognosis value in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7346902 TI - [Trial of an anabolic-antibiotic combination in benign cervicopathies]. PMID- 7346903 TI - [Normotopic pregnancy associated with complicated ectopic pregnancy. A clinical case]. PMID- 7346904 TI - [Transfer of drugs and other chemical substances into breast milk and its effect on the infant]. PMID- 7346905 TI - [Sperm migration in vivo. Morphological study]. PMID- 7346906 TI - [Pasteurella sp. and Mycoplasma arginini carriers in healthy sheep in Senegal]. PMID- 7346907 TI - [A new rickettsiale of Gambia rats (Cricetomys gambianus) in Senegal : Grahamella kaniae n. sp. (Bartonellacae)]. AB - Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterh) is a big rodent very common in West Africa. Its burrow is bordering upon huts and lofts in the african villages. Omnivorous, it is more or less a commensal of the man. The blood of 20 adults male and female specimens captured in the Sine Saloum (Fatik) and Presqu'Ille du Cap Vert (Dakar) regions was examined (peripheric blood smears). In 60 p. 100 (12/20) of hemograms, an intraerythrocytic organism of the genus Grahamella Brumpt 1911 was observed. Rod-shaped and carmine-coloured by staining technic of May-Grunwald and Giemsa, it is an unflagellate element. Slightly narrowed in the median part, it is 1 to 1.5 mu long and 0.25 mu wide. Multiplication by bipartition in the red cell plasma that may be occupied by 30 to 40 Grahamella. In chronic infection without morbid signs. 1/50 to 1/60 hematocyte is only infected. Electron micrograph of thin sections of red cells infected by Grahamella shows an element with a cell wall surrounding cytoplasmic masses which are enclosed in a cytoplasmic membrane. Nuclear region (bundles of moniliform chains = nucleic acids) is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Intraerythrocytic position. Bipolar densification of the cell plasma. The prokaryote is directly included in the erythrocyte plasma : no host cell vacuole is visible. Stress, polyinfection, polyparasitism or immuno-depressor effects, determine an intense proliferation of Grahamella by micrococcus elements (diameter : 0.1 to 0.3 mu) invading the systemic circulation. In that cases : septicaemia, anaemia; haematopoiesis with respiratory and nervous disorders; hyperthermia and weakness precede the death. This prokaryote is the first Baratonellacae found in the blood of the Giant Rat. It is namded Grahamella knaiae n. sp ("Kania" is the name of C. gambianus in "serere" language of Fatik region of Senegal). The fleas seem to be the vectors or this prokaryotic element. PMID- 7346908 TI - [A new rickettsiale (Ehrlichiae) in leukocytes of the blood of Gambia rats (Cricetomys gambianus) in Senegal : Cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp]. AB - Among 20 hemograms (peripheric blood smears) carried out upon some adults male and female Giant Rats, (Cricetomys gambianus) captured in the Dakar region, two (10 p. 100) are infected by one Rickettsiale of the Ehrlichiae tribe and of the Cytoecetes genus Tyzzer, 1938. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes, more or less 1/25, and monocytes, more or less 1/40, of the systemic circulation are infected by "elementary bodies" (diameter : 0.1 to 0.3 mu) included in the cell protoplasma and bundled at one or two poles of the cell. They grow and become "initial bodies" (diameter : 1 to 1.5 mu). Sometimes dumbbell-shaped forms indicate an early particle division. They are included in a small but visible vacuole. The multiplication and the growth tend to the formation of an intravacuolar "morula" (diameter : 2.5 to 3.5 mu) that can deform the monocyte nucleus. Electron micrographs of thin sections of polynuclear neutrophil leukocytes infected by morula show that each element of the morula is surrounded by two membranes (internal and external). This prokaryotic element is carmine-coloured by staining technic of May-Grunwald and Giemsa. Hypochromia, anisochromia, anisocytosis, poikylocytosis, leukopenia (especially neutrophils), with hematopoiesis disorders (bone marrow lesions) and hematopedesis are observed. It is the first species of Cytoecetes infecting both monocytes and polynuclear neutrophil leukocytes of systemic circulation. The two Giant Rats, were also infected by some Grahamella and one massively by a spirochete of the genus Borrelia. Polyparasitism is probably the cause of the general and important blood disorders observed. This Cytoecetes is the second Ehrlichiae found in Senegal after Ehrlichia bovis. It is named Cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp., "Kamtchoouli" is the name of Cricetomys gambianus in Oualoff language of the Presqu'Ile du Cap Vert region. The ticks (Ixodidae) that live in the burrows of the rodent seem to be the vectors of this rickettsia. PMID- 7346909 TI - Report of pullorum disease in the Somali Democratic Republic. PMID- 7346910 TI - [Deleterious effect of levamisole on experimental trypanosomiasis in mice]. AB - One outbred strain, NMRI, and 4 inbred strains of mice, BALB/c A/J, CBA and C57B1/6, of widely differing susceptibilities to infection by Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense, stock Dinderesso/80/CRTA/3, were treated throughout the course of infection with levamisole, an immunomodulating drug. Under the regime used this drug is capable of restoring depressed immune responses. Surprisingly, levamisole was not beneficial to the course of infection. In all of the strains except BALB/c, levamisole treatment increased mortality and in three of the strains parasitaemia was enhanced. The authors discuss possible reason for these findings which highlight the fact that the protective immune mechanisms operating in African trypanosomiasis are still poorly understood. PMID- 7346911 TI - [Seasonal cycle of strongylus in cattle on Reunion Island]. AB - An experiment with tracer calves was conducted in Reunion island to determine the seasonal fluctuations of parasites in one of the most important rearing area, and to provide basis for a drenching programme. After being exposed to infestation for 28-31 days, two calves are slaughtered each month and their worms identified and counted. Four genera area prevalent : Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia rise in late winter--early summer; Cooperia and Oesophagostomum in early summer and again in late summer--early winter. Based on this seasonal incidence, three treatments in July, January and April or May are proposed--The effects of the cyclone Hyacinthe on the dynamic of infesting larvae are discussed. PMID- 7346912 TI - Biochemical indices in white Fulani (Zebu) cattle in Nigeria. AB - The values of 14 biochemical indices in the serum of "normal" White Fulani Cattle were determined. Thus, additional information was provided on bicarbonate, urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase. The values obtained were compared with those of other estimates on indigenous and exotic cattle. It is concluded that there is very little difference between normal indigenous and temperate cattle and demonstrable differences could be due to dietary and disease factors. PMID- 7346913 TI - [18th Chilean congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. Abstracts of presentations]. PMID- 7346914 TI - [Tubular blocking of sodium reabsorption in chronic renal insufficiency using diuretics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346915 TI - [Comparative trial of bronchodilators delivered by aerosol in asthmatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346916 TI - [Esophageal candidiasis. Experience in 25 cases]. PMID- 7346917 TI - [Congenital discrete subaortic stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346918 TI - [Functional disease of the stomach. A preliminary study on gastric emptying and motility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7346919 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid-induced hepatotoxicity]. PMID- 7346920 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of gout and hyperuricemia]. PMID- 7346921 TI - [Epidemiology of Chagas cardiopathy in Chile]. PMID- 7346922 TI - [Hospital infection and contamination through air ducts]. PMID- 7346923 TI - [The quality of life and medicine of the healthy man in the view of the Romanian Communist Party]. PMID- 7346924 TI - [Conjugal conflicts. Medico-legal aspects]. PMID- 7346925 TI - The significance of prospective longitudinal study of somato-psychic development in infant-juvenile period in mental debilities. PMID- 7346926 TI - [Neonatal diagnosis of congenital myxedema]. PMID- 7346927 TI - [Fractures of the humeral diaphysis in a general surgery department]. PMID- 7346928 TI - [Relations between vertebral static disorder in the frontal plane, low lumbar disk hernia and the advisability of postoperative immobilization]. PMID- 7346929 TI - [Several factors conditioning adaptive and unadaptive states of weavers working in 3 shifts, with weekly rotation of shifts]. PMID- 7346930 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of medical supervision of the adaptation and unadaptation of women working in 3 shifts with weekly rotation]. PMID- 7346931 TI - [Hospitalization of convalescents with streptococcal pharyngitis and scarlet fever]. PMID- 7346932 TI - [Appraisal of the use of duodenal aspirate in the bacteriologic diagnosis of cholecystitis]. PMID- 7346933 TI - [The role of toxicological information in prevention and combating acute poisoning]. PMID- 7346934 TI - [Pollution of underground water sources with chemical substances]. PMID- 7346935 TI - [Serum triglycerides and atherogenic diet. Effect of thyroid hormones]. PMID- 7346936 TI - [Immunological aspects of experimental poisoning with methylparathion (Wofatox) in protein deficient conditions]. PMID- 7346937 TI - [Comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of several aminoglycosides by means of electromagnetic field disturbance]. PMID- 7346938 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological aspects of post-influenza bronchopulmonary complications in aged persons]. PMID- 7346939 TI - [Asepsis, antisepsis and disinfection: current problems in dental practice]. PMID- 7346940 TI - [Intraparotid adenitis as the single initial manifestation of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenitis]. PMID- 7346942 TI - [New semi-synthetic penicillins with diakyl-sulfonamide groups in their molecule. II. Kinetic study of 2-methoxy-4-dimethylaminosulfonyl phenoxymethyl penicillin degradation]. PMID- 7346941 TI - [Fluorine as an inhibitor of dental plaque]. PMID- 7346943 TI - [Research on the use of podophyllin ointment in dermatology]. PMID- 7346944 TI - [Precocious pseudopuberty in a female infant under 2 years of age]. PMID- 7346945 TI - [2 cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with saline loss]. PMID- 7346946 TI - [2 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 7346947 TI - [The place and role of philosophy in the spiritual life of society]. PMID- 7346948 TI - [976 cases of surgery of common bile duct calculi. Development of surgical tactics]. PMID- 7346949 TI - [Bilio-digestive anastomoses in the treatment of biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 7346950 TI - [Importance of prosthetic repair in inguinal and crural hernias]. PMID- 7346951 TI - [Advances in colon surgery and prevention of anastomotic separations]. PMID- 7346952 TI - [Hemorrhoidal disease and its treatment]. PMID- 7346953 TI - [The place of total gastrectomy in the surgical treatment of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7346954 TI - [Hydatid cysts of the liver]. PMID- 7346955 TI - [Treatment of hepatic metastasis: indications are results]. PMID- 7346956 TI - [Neonatology 1981: results and perspectives]. PMID- 7346957 TI - [Additional technics for the plastic correction of orbital hypertelorism]. PMID- 7346958 TI - [Esthetic aspects of breast reconstruction following mastectomy for cancer]. PMID- 7346959 TI - [Application of a direct method in experimental embryology, the deposit of a teratogenic substance]. PMID- 7346960 TI - Polymorphonuclear granulocytes in rheumatic tissue destruction. II. Demonstration of PMNs in rheumatoid nodules by electron microscopy. AB - Necrotic areas of rheumatoid nodules were investigated electron microscopically. PMNs in different stages of disintegration were present in all cases. Granular material, sometimes in a fiberlike orientation, and small fibrils without periodicity were detected between the collagenous fibers. It is assumed that granular material and fibrillar remnants represent degraded collagen. Often these degradation products were present in the neighborhood of disintegrating PMNs. From this morphological relationship it is concluded that enzymes of PMNs may in part be responsible for the fibrinoid necrosis in rheumatoid nodules. PMID- 7346961 TI - Autoimmunity and the prolapsed intervertebral disc syndrome. PMID- 7346962 TI - Serum SH reactivity: a simple assessment of D-penicillamine absorption? PMID- 7346963 TI - Synergism between aspirin and cyclosporin-A. PMID- 7346964 TI - Urinary sialyloligosaccharide excretion as an indicator of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Urinary trisaccharides containing sialic acid, urinary total sialic acid, and serum sialic acid were studied in 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The urinary excretion of sialyllactose and sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine was measured by quantitative gas chromatography. The output of sialyllactose was significantly greater in patients with RA (31.9 +/- 17.3 mg/24, SD) than in control subjects (15.9 +/- 5.4, P less than 0.001). The RA patients also had higher mean levels of urinary sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (P less than 0.05), total urinary sialic acid (P less than 0.001), and serum sialic acid (P less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of sialyllactose was considerably higher in patients with active and aggressive RA and moderately higher in patients with moderate disease activity. Excretion in those with mild or almost inactive RA did not differ significantly from that in the controls. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between urinary sialyllactose levels and clinical disease activity (P less than 0.001), as well as between excretion of sialyllactose and sialyl-N acetyllactosamine in RA. These results suggest that the urinary content of trisaccharides containing sialic acid is an indicator of disease activity of RA. PMID- 7346965 TI - Relationship between serum ferritin, anemia, and disease activity in acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The assessment of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be difficult, especially when iron deficiency and the anemia of chronic disease coexist. The development of a radioimmunoassay for serum ferritin concentration has aided the detection of reduced body iron stores in uncomplicated iron deficiency, but its use is compromised in clinically active rheumatoid arthritis by the tendency of serum ferritin to behave as an acute phase reactant. In this latter role it correlated well with disease activity in the patients we studied. Followed serially, serum ferritin levels fell in patients whose disease activity improved after institution of appropriate therapy. In anemic patients with clinically inactive disease, supplemental iron was associated with a significant rise in hemoglobin when compared to untreated patients. Serum ferritin levels behaved independently of hemoglobin levels. Therefore even in clinically inactive rheumatoid arthritis, serum ferritin does not accurately reflect an iron deficiency. PMID- 7346966 TI - Thoracic intervertebral discitis in rheumatoid arthritis due to costovertebral joint involvement. AB - Discitis (with intervertebral disc destruction), found pathologically in the thoracic region of 8 out of 114 rheumatoid patients, is shown to derive and spread from primary rheumatoid involvement of the costovertebral joints. Erosion and destruction of bone may occur, followed by healing, visible radiologically as disc narrowing and posterolateral bony sclerosis and sometimes with ankylosis. There are few clinical symptoms, since most of these patients have limited locomotor function. PMID- 7346967 TI - The effect of soluble sodium urate on the proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis of lapine articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. AB - The effects of soluble monosodium urate (350, 50, and 5 mumol/l) on the proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis of lapine articular chondrocytes were studied in a monolayer culture system. Cellular proliferation in vitro was unaffected by urate treatment. Chondrocytes treated with 50 mumol/l sodium urate showed a 26% reduction in binding of 35SO4 to matrix macromolecules. However, this reduction did not achieve statistical significance. The 350 and 5 mumol/l concentrations did not alter 35SO4 binding. It is proposed that monosodium urate has no marked direct effect on chondrocyte viability, proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis. PMID- 7346968 TI - An objective measurement of change in morning stiffness. PMID- 7346969 TI - Smoking and rheumatoid vasculitis. PMID- 7346970 TI - Testing clinical criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in other connective tissue disorders. AB - The American Rheumatism Association (ARA) clinical criteria have been tested in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Hospital admissions from a defined population over the same period were studied. Increased weighting of the scores for the features showing the greatest specificity is suggested. These features are discoid lupus, alopecia, photosensitivity, LE cells and/or antinuclear antibody (ANA) and oral ulcers. Inclusion of histological evidence increased the sensitivity of the SLE scores. PMID- 7346971 TI - [Surgical treatment of lesions of extracranial segments of arteries supplying the brain]. PMID- 7346972 TI - [Clinical and instrumental diagnosis and surgical treatment of transient cerebral ischemia as a result of carotid stenosis in the neck]. PMID- 7346973 TI - [Surgical treatment of partial and total occlusions of the internal carotid. 36 surgical cases]. PMID- 7346974 TI - [Electroencephalographic findings in patients subjected to endarterectomy for obstruction of the internal carotid]. PMID- 7346975 TI - [Principal immunopathologic mechanisms of the nervous system (a synthesis)]. PMID- 7346976 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in the exploration of cerebral circulation]. PMID- 7346977 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7346978 TI - [Preconceptional and prenatal intervention in a family with a high genetic risk of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]. PMID- 7346979 TI - [Acute extradural hematoma. Rare complication of ventricular diversion]. PMID- 7346980 TI - [Sex differences in the incidence of tunnel syndromes]. PMID- 7346981 TI - [Neurocryptococcosis. 2 anatomo-clinical cases]. PMID- 7346982 TI - [Case of brucellosis localized in the brain]. PMID- 7346983 TI - [Attempt to reproduce neuro-Behcet's disease in an animal]. PMID- 7346984 TI - [Immunologic aspects and neurologic complications of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7346985 TI - [Early clinical sign of tetanus: neurophysiopathologic interpretation]. PMID- 7346986 TI - Acquired toxoplasmosis of the nervous system. PMID- 7346987 TI - [Supply routes of the orbit in occlusions of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 7346988 TI - [Electroencephalographic monitoring of carotid surgery]. PMID- 7346989 TI - Granulocyte demargination by epinephrine in evaluation of hypersplenic states. AB - The usefulness of the epinephrine stimulation test in detecting granulocytic hypersplenism is evaluated. In 8 hypersplenic patients, an increment of the granulocyte count of 170% over baseline values was found, compared to 38% (P less than 0.001) in normal subjects and 44% )P less than 0.002) in patients neutropenic from other causes. No overlap of individual test results was found among the hypersplenic and the control groups. Epinephrine test discriminates between neutropenia from hypersplenism and neutropenia from other causes. Furthermore, this test is found to be a valuable adjunct to the hydrocortisone stimulation test in kinetic evaluation of neutropenia from any cause. PMID- 7346990 TI - Serum ferritin in Ethiopian mothers and their newborn infants. Relation to iron intake and socio-economic conditions. AB - Ferritin estimations were performed in serum from 38 Ethiopian and 10 Swedish pregnant women and in cord blood from their newborn infants. The mean ferritin level in the Ethiopian mothers was significantly higher than in the Swedish mothers as well as in a non-pregnant population of apparently healthy Swedish women. The Ethiopian mothers consisted of two groups with different economic situations, a privileged and a non-privileged group. The non-privileged group consumed the iron-rich traditional diet unique for Ethiopia, whereas some of the privileged mothers had abandoned this menu in favour of more refined food items with a lower iron content. Subnormal ferritin levels, indicating iron depletion, were found in 33% of the privileged and in 8% of the non-privileged group, in spite of the fact that the infants of the privileged group had a significantly higher mean birth weight, indicating a better nutritional standard in general. It is concluded that the previously reported rarity of gestational anaemia in Ethiopia is due mainly to the good iron state of Ethiopian women, especially those who still eat the traditional cereal bread. no correlation was found between maternal and cord blood ferritin. The relevance of cord blood ferritin in the diagnosis of the iron state is discussed. PMID- 7346991 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) associated with temporal arteritis. AB - Giant lymph node hyperplasia is a lesion of lymphoid tissue, which may be accompanied by systemic manifestations like fever, anaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. A case is described with temporal arteritis, an association hitherto not described in the literature. PMID- 7346992 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of cobalamin on plasma amino acid levels in the rat. AB - Rats were maintained in an atmosphere of equal volumes of oxygen/nitrous oxide (1/1) for up to 7 d and plasma levels of methionine, glycine, serine, histidine, homocysteine and S-methylcysteine were measured. There was a fall in plasma methionine and a rise in plasma serine levels. There were no significant changes in glycine and histidine levels. Homocysteine and S-methylcysteine were not detected in rat plasmas. The fall in plasma methionine was due to loss of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthetase activity. The rise in plasma serine may be due to decline in its metabolism via methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase which is concerned in oxidizing the methenyl-carbon ( =CH-), initially derived as a methylene-carbon (-CH2-)from serine, to formate (-CHO). PMID- 7346993 TI - Monocyte cytotoxicity after splenectomy. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by monocytes was determined in 45 adults approximately 4 years after splenectomy for either abdominal trauma or accidental injury during operation for benign gastroduodenal ulcer. Compared to controls, both groups of splenectomized persons showed increased numbers of monocytes and decreased monocyte ADCC. The decrease of monocyte ADCC was only significant in those splenectomized persons in whom accessory splenic tissue was not detectable by isotope scanning. Addition of the spleen-dependent peptide tuftsin to monocytes in vitro did not augment their ADCC. An increase serum concentration of immune complexes was neither related to the presence of splenic tissue nor to the monocyte cytotoxicity. Vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide had no effect on monocyte ADCC. It is suggested that the defective monocyte cytotoxicity observed in splenectomized persons without detectable splenic tissue might be relevant to post splenectomy infectious susceptibility. PMID- 7346994 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a test of a proposed new clinical staging system. AB - 102 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia underwent clinical staging according to 2 systems: the Rai staging system with 5 stages (0: lymphocytosis, I: palpable lymph nodes, II: hepato- or splenomegaly, III: Hb below 110 g/1, IV: platelet count below 100 X 10(9)/1) was compared to a staging system recently proposed by Binet, with only 3 stages (A: not more than 2 areas of palpable nodes or organs, B: at least 3 areas, C: Hb below 10 g/1 or platelet count below 100 X 19(9)/1). With the 3-stage system statistically significant differences between the stages were obtained, whereas some of the Rai stages (I-II-III) were only poorly separated. Non-haemolytic anaemia with Hb below 100 and 110 g/1) or auto immune haemolytic anaemia. Chest X-ray findings did not influence the clinical stage. PMID- 7346995 TI - Iron overload in beta-thalassaemia minor. A family study. AB - 23 descendents of a 74--year-old Englishman who had beta-thalassaemia trait, and died of hepatoma, were studied to discover whether thalassaemia minor alone could predispose to iron overload. Serum ferritin and HLA antigens were assessed in all members, and adults underwent radioiron investigations and liver biopsy. 2 members of the second generation and 1 of the third generation, all of whom had thalassaemia trait, had elevated liver iron concentration, indicating preclinical iron overload. This was not associated with any HLA type. None of the subjects had been treated with exogenous iron. The one member of the second generation who had thalassaemia minor but not iron overload was female, and the 5 members of the third generation with the trait, but with normal serum ferritin levels, were all under the age of 15 years. Members of the family without beta-thalassaemia minor had normal iron metabolism. It is possible that the development of iron overload in 4 members of this family was related to the presence of thalassaemia minor, and not to the inheritance of another abnormal gene causing idiopathic haemochromatosis. PMID- 7346996 TI - Metabolic activity of lymphoma cells and clinical course in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). AB - By microcalorimetry the metabolic activity of malignant cells from 2l patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma was monitored. Heat production, a measure of the metabolic activity of cells, showed positive correlation with the clinical course of the disease. The heat produced by tumor cells from patients with progressive disease was 5.5 pW/cell, while that from patients responding to treatment was 3.l pW/cell. The difference between the 2 groups is significant (P less than 0.05). A higher heat production was obtained in tumor cells from 7 out of 10 patients who were unresponsive to the therapy when compared with cells from 11 patients who had become asymptomatic as a result of the same therapy. Also heat production from blood lymphocytes was found to be higher (P less than 0.005) in the group of patients with progressive disease as compared to the group of patients who responded to therapy. The present results indicate an association between high heat production in lymphoma cells and blood lymphocytes and a poor prognosis. PMID- 7346997 TI - Granulocyte and platelet adhesiveness in malignant paraproteinaemia, leukaemia and myeloproliferative diseases. AB - Granulocyte and platelet adhesiveness were measured in 36 patients with haematologic diseases, using a glass bead column assay. Platelet adhesiveness (PA) was reduced in malignant paraproteinaemia (l3/20), leukaemia (10/11) and myeloproliferative diseases (3/5). Granulocyte adhesiveness (GA) was reduced in most patients with paraproteinaemia and leukaemia, but results of measurements in whole blood and in suspensions of leucocytes in autologous plasma were poorly correlated due to the influence of abnormal platelet function and/or concentration on the measurement of GA in whole blood. The results of experiments combining leucocytes and plasma from patients and controls indicate that impaired GA in paraproteinaemia is due to a plasma factor, whereas a cellular defect is responsible for the reduced GA in leukaemia. PMID- 7346998 TI - Haematological and haemopoietic studies in an air-breathing fish on cyanocobalamin and folacin deficient diet. AB - Experimental deficiencies of cyanocobalamin and folacin separately and in combination were induced in an air-breathing teleost fish Channa punctatus with the help of a complete vitamin test diet. Cyanocobalamin deficiency produced normocytic hypochromic anaemia while the folacin deficiency as well as the combined deficiency of both vitamins produced macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Leucocytosis was observed in the individual and combined deficiencies of these vitamins with significant increase in thrombocytes and decrease in neutrophil population. The relative population of different developing stages in erythropoiesis showed significant change. Thus small lymphoid haemoblast decreased in number while young and mature reticulocyte populations increased. Recovery to normal condition could be obtained by restoring deficient groups of fishes to complete vitamin test diet fortified with an initial i.m. administration of 0.01 mg/g and 0.02 mg/g body wt. of cyanocobalamin and folacin respectively. A comparison of deficiency effects on C. punctatus with Labeo rohita shows that the former, a carnivorous species with higher Hb content in peripheral blood is more susceptible to deficiency than the latter, a herbivorous species of fish with lower Hb values. PMID- 7346999 TI - Evidence for imbalanced furosemide-sensitive Na+, K+ cotransport in hereditary stomatocytosis. AB - The red cells from 5 related patients with hereditary stomatocytosis were investigated. Maximal rate constant of Na+ passive permeability was increased while that of K+ passive permeability was nearly normal. Ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux was elevated. The Na+ component of furosemide-sensitive Na+, K+ cotransport was also increased. However, its K+ component, determined in 2 patients, remained within normal limits, thus departing from the strict 1:1 stoichiometry of the Na+, K+ cotransport system. Yet, intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations displayed limited and inconstant changes. A variety of abnormally shaped cells, including stomatocytes, were observed in scanning electron micrographs. Upon differential centrifugation, reticulocytes usually concentrated in the most dense region of the gradient. Red cell deformability, as studied by ektacytometry, was reduced. Membrane phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were increased and decreased, respectively, where-as fatty acid distribution was unchanged. Membrane microviscosity was normal. PMID- 7347000 TI - Measurement of splenic function in humans using heat damaged autologous red blood cells. AB - Functional hyposplenism, a clinical entity which has only recently been recognised, is usually assessed quantitatively by the rate of clearance of radiolabelled heat damaged erythrocytes (HDE) from the circulation. Based on recent observations on the kinetics of HDE, we have developed a 3 compartmental model of HDE distribution between the spleen and blood, and calculated, in a large series of clearance curves, splenic blood flow, HDE intrasplenic transit time and splenic HDE extraction ratio. Transit time (about 15 min) was of the same order as platelet transit time and extraction ratio (about 35%) was similar to that recorded in animals. Thr relationships between blood flow, transit time and extraction ratio provided evidence in support of 2 separate functional compartments, of which only one was engaged in phagocytosis, present within the spleen. PMID- 7347001 TI - Craniofacial growth in premature craniofacial synostosis. AB - Serial cephalometric radiographs of 55 patients with different types of premature craniofacial synostoses were analysed. The aim of the study was to answer the following four questions in an effort to provide a better rational for classification, treatment, and possibly add insight into the mechanisms controlling craniofacial growth. (1) Is the shape of the skull syndrome specific. (2) How does the craniofacial complex grow. (3) What is the effect of craniectomy on the growth of the cranium. (4) Can roentgencephalometry provide a rational basis for planning reconstructive surgery. The results were presented as answers to each of the questions restated under each type of craniosynostosis. i.e. oxycephaly, scaphocephaly, plagiocephaly, trigonocephaly, Crouzon syndrome, and Apert syndrome. PMID- 7347002 TI - Craniofacial growth in plagiocephaly and Crouzon syndrome. AB - Very little information is available in the literature regarding the morphology and growth of the cranial base, the orbits and the jaws, in patients with premature craniosynostosis. The present report deals with the craniofacial morphology and growth in plagiocephaly and Crouzon syndrome. For each anomaly a dry skull was compared with a clinical case followed longitudinally with roentgencephalometry. Metallic implants in the jaws were employed in one case. Cranial base involvement was demonstrated for both types of premature craniosynostosis. In Crouzon syndrome the cartilagenous cranial base was affected. Marked compensatory and dysplastic growth changes were observed in the facial skeleton in both anomalies. The methodological problems related to roentgencephalometric examination of patients with plagiocephaly are discussed, and a roetgencephalometric method for evaluation of exophthalmos in patients with Crouzon syndrome is presented. PMID- 7347003 TI - Radiological evaluation of craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 7347004 TI - Radiology of the asymmetrical face. PMID- 7347005 TI - The arrangement of the airway during craniofacial surgery. With a note on the rationale of long single tubings between the endotracheal tube and the anaesthesia circuit. PMID- 7347006 TI - Treatment of premature sutural synostosis. AB - Premature sutural synostoses are currently being treated at the Craniofacial Center at the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Goteborg. A leading principle has been to release tethered parts of the skull and the facial skeleton in order to let the expanding brain mould the skeletal parts to an acceptable position. This can be achieved within the first year of life. When operating in later stages, the skeletal parts are wired in a semi-static position by a single osteosynthesis, still allowing expansion by the growing brain. PMID- 7347007 TI - Neonatal craniofacial surgery. PMID- 7347008 TI - Infantile craniofacial dysmorphism. Neurosurgical aspects. AB - Craniofacial dysmorphism is a result of premature closure of the coronal sutures including the basal skull sutures. As a result of this early premature fusion the anterior fossa remains small and the face fails to grow forward. Corrective surgery which frees up the basal skull sutures early in infancy and ideally within the first few weeks of life allows the tremendous brain growth of the infant to move the forehead forward, expand the anterior fossa and thus move the attached face forward. Such early corrective surgery in the neonate obviates the need for definitive corrective craniofacial surgery in the older child or adult. PMID- 7347009 TI - Congenital craniofacial asymmetry: early treatment. AB - Congenital craniofacial asymmetry has two dominant causes: isolated synostosis and craniofacial clefts. Treatment considerations in these problems differ from those with isolated cranial or isolated facial defects. Isolated cranial defects are most frequently treated by the neurosurgeon with craniectomy alone. Isolated facial asymmetry when congenital in origin usually manifests as hemifacial microsomia and based on our experience with 40 such patients, is best treated in later childhood. Treatment timing of craniofacial asymmetry varies with the cause, but is best done in the first two years of life. Nasofrontal encephaloceles are usually best treated in the first few weeks of life; synostosis syndromes are treated at six months of age after the facial sutures have had time to stabilize sufficiently for adequate dissection and mobilization; and other craniofacial clefts at approximately two years of age following descent of the teeth and better homeostatic capability of the patient. Based on our series of 58 patients, 40 treated with isolated synostosis at less than one year of age, eight at more than one year of age, and ten patients with craniofacial clefts, the guidelines for timing and methods of treatment have evolved. Liberal use of craniectomy bone with expected regrowth is possible in the first year of life, and more limited use in the second year of life. This bone is used to hold the repositioned orbit, augment hypoplastic zygomas, and reconstruct noses, or for other uses. In isolated synostosis, repositioning provides a form of immediate catch-up growth then proceeds normally. In craniofacial clefts, repositioning puts structures into normal relations and growth likewise proceeds normally. The isolated synostosis syndromes treated at a later age are done with more difficulty, though may be effectively cared for. Complications other than incomplete structural correction have been nonexistent in the group two years of age and less. PMID- 7347010 TI - Cranio-facial surgery for cranio-synostosis. AB - Cranio-facial principles have been applied to the treatment of craniosynostosis by the senior author since 1973, and original techniques have been developed for the treatment of oxycephaly, trigonocephaly, plagiocephaly brachycephaly and scaphocephaly; 156 patients have been operated upon. There is now enough follow up material to establish that the good morphological results obtained initially are maintained through growth, and that there is a definite improvement in affected facial structures when early correction has been performed. The functional results have also been very satisfactory and reoperation for insufficient release has been rare. A multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended, and this type of surgery should be performed in a pediatric neuro surgical environment. PMID- 7347011 TI - Mandibulo-facial dysostosis. Analysis; principles of surgery. AB - Before regarding the treatment of facial deformities in mandibulo-facial dysostosis, the clinical, radiological and anatomical findings are reviewed. The plastic surgical correction of the main deformities are then considered. The aims of the treatment are: close the palpebral coloboma, build the zygomatic bones and zygomatic arches, correct the malformation of the auricles and the macrostomia, re-establish normal dental occlusion if necessary and harmonize the profile by reducing the nose and excessive vertical dimension of the mental symphysis. PMID- 7347012 TI - Analysis and late treatment of plagiocephaly. Unilateral coronal synostosis. PMID- 7347013 TI - Nasal correction in hyperteleorbitism. The short and the long nose. AB - The soft tissue deformities associated with hyperteleorbitism often present serious reconstructive problems. Although skeletal correction is the basic preliminary step, the final result depends on the quality of the soft tissue and nasal repair. The patients are not interested in the postoperative intercanthal distance or the appearance of the X-ray film. What they want is a good aesthetic appearance and this is closely related to the shape and size of the nose. The short wide noses of the true hyperteleorbitism must be differentiated from the long noses associated with meningoencephalocele and pseudohypertelorism. For the first group, narrowing of the nose and the use of a forehead flap is indicated according to the severity of the problem. For the second group, shortening of the nose is accomplished by transverse resection of skin via a U shaped incision or skin replacement with a forehead flap. Downward sliding of forehead and brows may be necessary. The indication for each procedure is discussed and the different techniques are described. PMID- 7347014 TI - Fronto-orbito nasal dislocations. Initial total reconstruction. AB - The craniofacial trauma can produce compound fractures with bone displacement in the central part of the upper face, i.e. the bones constituting the forehead, orbit, and nose. such dislocations are called fronto-orbito-nasal dislocations. A total and definite surgical reconstruction in one stage offers advantages such as good aesthetic and functional results. An injured person can enter professional and social life without further delay. A major advantage is also the minimizing of the risk of meningeal fistula with infectious mortal risk. A prerequisite for this surgery is accurate clinical and radiological examination to permit a preoperative three-dimensional visualization of the lesions as a basis for careful planning of the operation. The surgical team should include neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons with experience in the maxillofacial area. The operative procedure should start with repair of the orbital frame, beginning at the upper and lateral side, followed by exploration of the four walls of the orbital chamber and of the lacrimal system. The reconstruction then proceeds with the eyelid ligaments and the nervous and vascular pedicles, especially the infra orbital one, followed by reconstruction of the sinus maxillaris. Afterwards transnasal internal canthopexy wires are placed, the nose reconstructed and bone grafts are used to restore the orbital chamber behind the frame. The lacrimal system is repaired before the tightening of the canthopexies. In cases where neurosurgical intervention is necessary, such as suturing of dura sores or reconstruction of the anterior cranial fossa by bone grafting, this will precede the facial reconstruction. Without a strong frontal cornice it is impossible to restore the nose and orbit. Ocular injuries are treated by ophthalmic surgeons when the orbit is repaired. The last phase of the reconstruction is suturing of the muscular, mucosal and cutaneous lacerations. PMID- 7347015 TI - Fronto-orbito-nasal dislocations., Secondary treatment of sequelae. AB - Untreated or maltreated fronto-orbito-nasal dislocations can give rise to serious sequelae of a functional or aesthetic nature. Two major problems may be discerned, namely extensive bone loss and malunited fractures. The loss of bone can result in an unfavourable aesthetic appearance and functional disturbances, e.g. loss of eye motility, cerebral herniations and meningitis. The treatment should therefore include protection of the underlying elements, such as eye and meningocerebral tissues with a definite isolation of the cranial content from facial cavities. An important measure to be taken is also the repair of nasal and orbital walls, including re-insertion of the canthal ligaments. Autogenous bone grafting is superior in the repair of bone defects. Malunited fractures are treated by repositioning osteotomies, sometimes including rotation, elevation, or translation. The reposition can be achieved either by advancement of a monobloc or by an expansion. Solid fixation is essential and can be obtained either by an upper fixation to an intermediary frontal bridge or by lateral fixation to safe bone parts with an intermediary bone graft in cases of trauma in the midline. Our approach allows a definite and total repair in one operation and requires repair of the dura mater by suturing and, if necessary, pericranial grafting. In cases of interference of the frontal sinus, 'cranialization' must be performed. In our opinion it is necessary to work in a team including maxillofacial and neurosurgeons. PMID- 7347016 TI - Isoniazid-induced liver disease. PMID- 7347017 TI - Halothane-induced hepatic disease. PMID- 7347018 TI - Overview of alkylation and peroxidation mechanisms in acute lethal hepatocellular injury by chemically reactive metabolites. PMID- 7347019 TI - Mechanisms of drug-induced cholestasis. PMID- 7347020 TI - Drug-induced liver disease. Foreword. PMID- 7347021 TI - Alcoholic liver injury, an emerging field. PMID- 7347022 TI - [Surgical treatment of conjunctival nevi]. PMID- 7347023 TI - [Hereditary C4 hypocomplementemia and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7347024 TI - [The effect of the duration of smoking on pulmonary function in young smokers]. PMID- 7347025 TI - [The first appearance and development of Vater-Pacini lamellar corpuscles in the labia major and mons pubis pudendi and their significance in the determination of the age of the human fetus]. PMID- 7347026 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of the lower part of the calcaneus and its role in the formation of the foot arch]. PMID- 7347027 TI - [The role of histopathological examinations in the diagnosis of occlusive diseases of the peripheral arteries of the leg]. PMID- 7347028 TI - [Our experience with tympanoplasty in children]. PMID- 7347029 TI - [A case of acute Salmonella sepsis associated with myopericarditis in an 8-year old boy]. PMID- 7347031 TI - [Medical practice in a North African country]. PMID- 7347030 TI - [2 case reports of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tubes]. PMID- 7347032 TI - Long term cancer survival among men. PMID- 7347034 TI - Accident death toll in 1980. PMID- 7347033 TI - State population changes during the 1970s. PMID- 7347035 TI - Frequency and duration of disability among Metropolitan employees in 1977-79. PMID- 7347036 TI - Educational attainment by state. PMID- 7347037 TI - Mortality in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. PMID- 7347038 TI - Frequency and causes of long-term disability among Metropolitan employees. PMID- 7347039 TI - Hodgkin's disease and leukemia. PMID- 7347041 TI - Passenger fatalities in flying on scheduled airlines. PMID- 7347040 TI - Cycling accidents in the United States. PMID- 7347043 TI - Attitudes toward weight gain in pregnancy. AB - Recently, there has been increased interest in the influence of maternal prenatal nutrition on the course and outcome of pregnancy. Evidence has accumulated that a woman's weight before pregnancy and the weight gained during pregnancy directly affect infant birth weight, incidence of neonatal mortality, and growth and development of the infant during the first year of life. Although recent recommendations for weight gain in pregnancy have been liberalized, a survey of 195 pregnant women who had prenatal visits in both clinic and private offices showed deficiencies in their understanding of the subject. Some 37 percent of women believed they should gain 20 pounds (9 kg) or less during pregnancy. Eight percent admitted to dieting before at least one antenatal visit and 54 percent thought their doctor would not be concerned about too little weight gained during pregnancy. This suggests that many women and some doctors are still ignorant of current concepts of proper nutrition during pregnancy. Apparently, increased lay and professional educational efforts are needed. PMID- 7347042 TI - Remission-induction regimens in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - A sequential study was carried out involving 40 adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The first 20 patients were treated with cytarabine (Ara-C) and 6 thioguanine (6-TG), the second 20 with a regimen that added a three-day course of daunomycin (DNM) to the Ara-C and 6-TG therapy. With both groups well matched for age, patients in the DNM-treated group had a higher complete remission (CR) rate but failed to survive longer than those in the Ara-C and 6-TG treatment group. In a comprehensive literature review of various treatments for adult ANLL, a higher CR rate but not significantly better survival for patients initially treated with DNM-combined regimens was found. Our analysis of cases and literature review suggest that while DNM is a very active drug, its use in the initial treatment of adult ANLL has not produced a significant improvement in overall survival or in survival of those brought into complete remission. PMID- 7347044 TI - The role of estrogens as a risk factor for stroke in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7347045 TI - Nutritional aspects of magnesium metabolism. AB - The absolute necessity for magnesium in plant and animal nutrition is easily appreciated when one realizes that magnesium is found in high concentration in cells. It is necessary for photosynthesis in plants and for all reactions involving adenosine triphosphate in plant and animal cells. Although it is abundant in nature in general, deficiencies occur in both plants and animals. Human beings need about 5 mg of magnesium per kg of body weight per day. Infants and young children need twice as much. Children and women during pregnancy or lactation require significantly greater amounts than normal adults. Various diseases result in a deficiency of magnesium because of interruption of food intake or intestinal or renal wasting of the mineral. PMID- 7347047 TI - If preventable why not prevented? PMID- 7347046 TI - Sudden Death. PMID- 7347048 TI - Magnesium. PMID- 7347049 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to high altitude pulmonary edema. PMID- 7347050 TI - Brill-Zinsser disease in North America. PMID- 7347051 TI - Choledochocele associated with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. PMID- 7347052 TI - Computerized tomography in the management of cerebral tuberculomas. PMID- 7347053 TI - Diagnostic dilemmas and cultural diversity in emergency rooms. AB - Language and cultural beliefs play an extremely important role in the interaction between patients from diverse cultural groups and physicians. Especially in emergency rooms, there are many dangers in missed communications. A patient from a foreign culture, especially one who does not speak English, often expresses symptoms in ways that are unfamiliar to many American physicians. Specific areas of cultural vulnerability can be identified for the major ethnic groups in the United States as they interact with the scientific medical system. A short review of folk medical beliefs and recommendations for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment may assist emergency room staffs in offering care that is culturally acceptable to patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds. PMID- 7347054 TI - Evolution of infant mortality and proportional infant mortality in Brazil. PMID- 7347055 TI - Summary of the ad hoc survey on infant and early childhood mortality in Sierra Leone. PMID- 7347056 TI - Human nutrition and animal feeding. PMID- 7347057 TI - [Hypothalamic amenorrhoea, following deficient nutrition (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and hormonal examinations were applied to 30 patients with secondary amenorrhoea, following loss of weight, and to another 24 women with nervous anorexia. Low age, secondary amenorrhoea, and unambiguous loss of weight were typical of all patients. In patients with hypothalamic syndrome, following loss of weight, both psychic condition and appetite were found to be normal, whereas psychogenic aversion against appetite was recordable from patients with nervous anorexia. Oestrogens were slightly reduced in patients with hypothalamic syndrome, following loss of weight, but they were strongly down in the presence of nervous anorexia. Gonadotrophin values were normal or low in patients with hypothalamic syndrome, following loss of weight, but they were clearly reduced in the second group. The LH-RH test usually was normal in patients with hypothalamic syndrome, following loss of weight, but it was pathological in almost all cases of nervous anorexia, depending on the amount of weight loss. PMID- 7347058 TI - [Serum concentration of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG, protein of pregnancy zone, PZ) in patients with dermatological diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Radial immunodiffusion, according to Mancini, was applied to 15 hospitalised patients, both during and after hospitalisation. They were of both sexes and all afflicted with dermatological diseases (psoriasis, eczema, mycosis). Determination of serum concentration of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG, PZ) was the purpose of the tests. While in the acute phase of the disease the PZ serum levels of the three groups of patients were higher than those recorded from a control group, conventional therapy failed to have any impact upon PZ serum concentration. Continuous decline in PZ serum concentration was recordable from psoriasis patients in response to photochemotherapy (PUVA). PMID- 7347059 TI - [Results of eclampsia treatment--analysis of 44 cases over 20 years (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are 44 cases of eclampsia recorded from among 61,809 deliveries at the Gynaecological and Obstetric Hospital of the Medical Academy of Erfurt, between 1960 and 1979. Five mothers died and two more suffered permanent damage. Two infants died perinatally. However, an estimate of eclampsia risk to patients with gestosis cannot be derived from the intensity of the gestosis symptoms and thus from the gestosis index (Goecke). PMID- 7347060 TI - [Deliveries by caesarean section--variation of indications (author's transl)]. AB - Reported are 657 cases of caesarean section performed in selected periods over the past two decades. An account is given of change in indications and the results accordingly achieved. Particular reference is made to higher risk of infection due to antepartum and intrapartum intensive care. Indications should continue to be based on most stringent criteria. PMID- 7347061 TI - [Effectiveness of clinical action in treatment of premature birth problems (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of clinical action on a general premature birth situation was studied against the background of 21, 244 childbirths (twins and stillbirths included), in the District of Erfurt, between 1974 and 1979. Clinical attention was considerably stepped up in all cases of imminent premature birth. Steps taken included hospitalisation, sedation, medicamentous tocolysis, cerclage, maturity induction, and organisational measures. Many more people than ever before were called in for action. Yet, no significant change was achieved, neither in terms of the absolute premature birth rate nor in restricting such problems to higher age or weight groups. -- Sizable reduction of perinatal mortality in the period under review was in no way related to measures to reduce the premature birth rate, but it was rather attributable to improvement in prenatal and intranatal diagnosis and in postnatal care. -- The conclusion is that action outside hospital should be intensified. PMID- 7347062 TI - [New technique for use of low temperatures in uterine cavity (author's transl)]. AB - Cases of repetitive or extremely secondary anaemia in the wake of therapy resistant genital bleeding so far had been tackled by radium treatment, which led to radiological castration. Such approach was based on hysterosalpingography and established absence of malignancy, and it used to be applied also to younger patients with reduced or lost operability. The author have devised and tested a simple cryo-intrauterine applicator by which lasting or strong recurrent uterine bleeding can be readily controlled. Complete removal of the endometrium is now possible without any impairment of ovarian function. Foundations and methods are described in detail, with clinical conclusions being drawn. PMID- 7347063 TI - [Intestinal lymphangiectasia and protein-losing enteropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347064 TI - [Obstructive uropathy complicating Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347065 TI - [Reversible malabsorption, induced by folic acid nutritional failure, in an elderly patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347066 TI - [Rectal prolapse. Value of barium enema and defecography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347067 TI - [Primary hepatic actinomycosis. Case report with computed tomography study and successful medical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347068 TI - [The contribution of ultrasonography and computerized tomography to the diagnosis of jaundice induced by obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347069 TI - Are computed tomography and ultrasonography complementary or competitive techniques in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases? PMID- 7347070 TI - [Radiologic detection of small peritoneal effusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347071 TI - [Kaposi's disease with digestive localisation in a black Zairian patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347073 TI - Systolic time intervals measured by pulsed ultrasound-Doppler. AB - A new method for measuring systolic time intervals (STI) is presented. By using a pulsed ultrasound Doppler-velocity-meter, which is able to differentiate the velocity signals, it is possible to pick up signals just above the aortic valve. Combining the velocity signals and an ECG, the STI can be measured. The STI measured by this method were compared with STI measured by using a phonocardiograph. The results showed no significant difference. PMID- 7347072 TI - Hepatic gluconeogenesis during halothane anaesthesia in man. AB - It is known that hepatic gluconeogenesis from lactate and aminoacids is inhibited by halothane in in vitro studies on isolated, perfused livers. In the present work, the effect of halothane anaesthesia on hepatic gluconeogenesis was studied in three volunteers during a constant amino-acid infusion and compared with three control subjects who did not receive any halothane during the amino-acid infusion. Prior to the investigation, all the subjects were on a carbohydrate poor diet in order to deplete hepatic glucogen stores. During the investigation, hepatic gluconeogenesis was stimulated by a constant amino-acid infusion which caused a slight rise in total hepatic blood flow (THBF), a marked increase in splanchnic oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction, elevation in blood glucose and urea levels and in splanchnic glucose and urea releases. Halothane anaesthesia administered during continued amino-acid infusion caused a reduction in THBF to sub-control values, while the increased oxygen consumption was only slightly reduced, thereby further increasing splanchnic oxygen extraction. Blood glucose and urea levels of the anaesthetized subjects were consistent with those of the control subjects. Splanchnic release of glucose was reduced almost to control values during halothane. However, the release of urea was only slightly reduced. It is concluded that the stimulating effect on hepatic gluconeogenesis caused by the amino-acid infusion was inhibited during halothane anaesthesia, while metabolization of the amino-acids, other than through gluconeogenesis, proceeded without any major changes. PMID- 7347074 TI - Comparison of thiopentone and diazepam as induction agents of anaesthesia for Caesarean section. AB - Clinical effects of thiopentone (3 mg/kg body weight) and diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) were compared for elective caesarean sections in two groups of 43 and 39 women, respectively. They were given general anaesthesia in left lateral tilt. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were moderately elevated at onset of surgery in both groups, probably indicating light anaesthesia. Later, a gradual decrease to the preinduction levels was observed. The mean injection delivery (I-D) interval was 344 s in the thiopentone group and 339 s in the diazepam group. The I-D intervals were shorter than 10 min in 39 of the cases in the thiopentone group and 38 cases in the diazepam group. Low Apgar scores at 1 min (6 or less) occurred in five of the neonates in each group, while all had normal Apgar scores at 5 min ( 7 or mor) As judged by the Apgar scores and the acid-base status of umbilical cord blood, the effects of the induction agents on the neonatal condition were indistinguishable in the two groups. In the thiopentone group, unpleasant recollections were reported in 5 out of 40 patients (12.5%) compared to none in the diazepam group. Diazepam-nitrous oxide anaesthesia is well accepted by the mothers and is alternative to supplementing thiopentone induction with a volatile gas for patients who have previous experienced wakefulness or express fear of awareness. The main drawback with diazepam induction, however, is the slow induction of sleep. Harmful drug effects on the neonates must be expected if the dose has to be increased in order to ensure sleep. PMID- 7347075 TI - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7347077 TI - Capillary blood temperature in transcutaneous PO2 measurements. A theoretical model confirmed experimentally. PMID- 7347076 TI - Onset time for alcuronium and pancuronium after cremophor-containing anaesthetics. AB - Cremophor is a nonionic, surface-acting agent, previously shown to bind to proteins and biological membranes. The compound is used as a solvent for certain anaesthetics. The effects of this surfactant on the onset times for alcuronium and pancuronium were investigated. Both artery-to-muscle (A-M) and vein-to-muscle (V-M) onset times were determined after cremophor- and non-cremophor-containing induction agents. Circulatory effects of the surfactant were investigated by measuring the blood velocity of the brachial artery using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. A significant reduction in both A-M and V-M onset time was found for pancuronium after cremophor-containing anaesthetics. However, no difference was found for the onset times for alcuronium in the two induction groups. In contrast to alcuronium, there was no significant difference between A-M and V-M onset times for pancuronium. Arterial blood velocity was found to be practically the same after cremophor and non-cremophor induction agents. The possible of a stronger affinity of pancuronium than alcuronium to intravascular binding sites is suggested. Cremophor might, due to its protein and membrane effects, interfere with pancuronium association to these sites. PMID- 7347078 TI - Central haemodynamics during halothane and enflurane anaesthesia in vascular surgery. AB - Central haemodynamics were studied before and during reconstructive vascular surgery in 18 patients receiving halothane or enflurane anaesthesia (nine patients in each group). In both groups cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), oxygen uptake (VO2) and arterial blood pressure fell significantly after induction of anaesthesia, whereas the arterio-venous oxygen difference (AVD) and the total peripheral resistance (TPR) remained unchanged. In spite of an average intraoperative blood loss of 600 ml, which had not been substituted for, surgery brought about an increase in CO, SV and VO2, while the AVD and TPR remained unchanged. Following transfusion of 900 ml of blood, CO and SV showed a further significant increase in both groups, whereas VO2 was unchanged and the AVD and TPR fell significantly. The pulmonary capillary venous pressure (PPCV) was stable during induction of anaesthesia and surgery but increased after blood transfusion. The changes in SV and PPCV were analyzed in relation to the concept of ventricular function curves. It is concluded that there were no fundamental differences in central haemodynamics between halothane and enflurane anaesthesia either before or during surgery. In both groups the changes in CO and SV were due mainly to a reduced demand of oxygen transport and expected changes in sympatho adrenergic tone rather than to myocardial depression. PMID- 7347079 TI - Local discomfort and thrombophlebitis following intravenous injection of diazepam. A comparison between a glycoferol-water solution and a lipid emulsion. AB - Diazepam is frequently used for pre- and peroperative sedation. However, at i.v. injection local pain and thrombophlebitis are not uncommon, probably due to tissue irritancy of the various organic solvents necessary to keep diazepam in aqueous solution. In this study the incidence of local adverse effects following i.v. injection of Diazemuls, a new lipid emulsion formulation, was compared with that of Apozepam, a glycoferol-water solution. We found that the latter preparation caused local pain and thrombophlebitis as often as reported with propyleneglycol-phenylcarbinol-ethanol preparations (Stesolid, Valium) and in a statistically higher incidence that the lipid emulsion form, which therefore seems more suitable for intravenous use. PMID- 7347080 TI - Nitrous oxide activates the supraspinal pain inhibition system. AB - The effects th groups the changes in CO and SV were due mainly to a reduced demand of oxygen transport and expected changes in sympatho-adrenergic tone rather than to myocardial depression. PMID- 7347081 TI - [Otospongiosis and audiometry]. PMID- 7347082 TI - Medical therapy of otospongiosis. PMID- 7347083 TI - [Anatomic-surgical lesions in otospongiosis]. PMID- 7347084 TI - Otosclerosis. Histopathology, light and electron microscopy. AB - Cochlear otosclerosis, in the histopathological sense, is not uncommon but remains a clinical enigma. Similarly the aetiology of otospongiosis has remained obscure. Nevertheless the enzymatic concept of the initiation and mechanism of the underlying process has been recognized and confirmed together with the essential function of the matrix vesicles forming the site of primary enzymatic calcification. It may be concluded that otospongiosis is a primary lytic process initiated by lysosomal enzymes of matrix vesicles activated in the cartilaginous cell rests of the area. The cause of the process is still unknown. PMID- 7347085 TI - [Epidemiology and heredity in otospongiosis]. PMID- 7347086 TI - Otosclerosis and pregnancy. PMID- 7347087 TI - [Surgical treatment of otospongiosis. Different technics and their evaluation]. PMID- 7347088 TI - The follow-up of two clinical types of otosclerosis. Evaluated in the operated and non-operated ear. PMID- 7347089 TI - [Technical and statistical conclusions after 20 years of stapedectomy]. AB - The author exposes the results of his own operation technique on 723 operated otosclerosis among which 618 were computerized. He suggests a new method by moving a flap of promontorial mucosa secondary set on the hole drilled in the footplate. He emphasises the remarkable results on postoperative nauseas, dizziness and others postoperative disorders and points out the shorting of the operation. He also emphasises (regarding the statistical results) on the opportunity to operate deep otosclerotic patients, especially the 80 dB or even 100 dB hearing loss, with good social recovery in 118 cases among which one cophose only. PMID- 7347090 TI - Problems of the stapes footplate associated with tympanosclerosis. PMID- 7347091 TI - Round table : special problems in otospongiosis. PMID- 7347093 TI - 10th Brazilian Congress of Physiology. April 1979, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Abstracts. PMID- 7347092 TI - Inversion of cardiac inotropism response to carotid arteries occlusion in dogs treated with propranolol. AB - The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade achieved by propranolol (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) on the inotropic alterations induced by adrenergic hyperactivity resulting from bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) was analysed in 25 dogs anesthetized with morphine (2 mg/kg) and sodium pentobarbital (20 mg/kg). The heart rate was kept unchanged by means of a pace-maker. The first derivative of ventricular pressure (dp/dt) was considered as contractility index. Because BCO is followed by increase of left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and of blood pressure (BP), to avoid the influence of these variables on dp/dt, we have reduced preload and afterload by means of hemorrhage (group A) and alpha-adrenergic blocker administration--phentolamine (group B). The carotid occlusion promoted similar variations in hemodynamic parameters in the two groups--there was a significant increase of blood pressure and LVEDP. BCO did not produce alteration in dp/dt values in both groups; when BP and LVEDP in group A were reduced, there was a significant reduction of dp/dt (2 927 +/- 139 to 2 066 +/- 95 mmHg/s; p less than 0.01). However there was no dp/dt alteration in group B (2 559 +/- 239 to 2 512 +/- 285 mmHg/s). These results suggest that during increase of sympathetic activity, anesthetized dogs under beta-adrenergic blockade show contractility depression. This could be related to secondary myocardic hypoxia and coronary vasoconstriction due to coronary alpha-adrenergic hyperactivity, once cardiac inotropism response can be alleviated by alpha-adrenergic blockers. PMID- 7347094 TI - Foetal haemopoiesis during the hepatic period. III. Erythroid cell kinetics. AB - Serial sections of haemopoietic liver from 12 to 17 days old mice embryos were studied. The percentual values of cycling erythroid cells, located at vascular level, show a continuous decay through the entire hepatic phase of erythropoiesis. Since the 15th day onwards no differences were found in the cellular blood composition between the general circulation and the vascular channels of the central area of the growing lobes. Nevertheless, other more peripheric areas of the liver have a slowed decrease of circulating young cells, when compared with the former. On the contrary, in the marginal zones, interstitial proerythroblasts increase their percentual values towards the 13th day, coinciding with the moment on which they predominate all over other more mature demes. This increment is not explainable by self renewal only, since their mitotic indexes undergo a decay, which is unexpected in a growing population. Interstitial non erythroid cells seem not to play a role in the increment of proerythroblasts in the proliferating areas. PMID- 7347095 TI - Acute hypocalcemia and erythropoiesis in the mouse. AB - Mice were made acutely hypocalcemic by injection of sodium oxalate. After the transient drop of plasma calcium marked changes in erythroblastic proliferation, number of erythroblasts and 59Fe kinetics were observed. The probable mechanism of this response that may reflect increased erythropoiesis is discussed. PMID- 7347096 TI - Plasma kininase activity during the normal gravidic-puerperal cycle. PMID- 7347097 TI - An adrenergic mechanism subserves the negative influence of pyruvate on the oxytocin-induced functional activity of isolated rat uterus. PMID- 7347098 TI - A simple method for fitting multi-exponential curves of the decay type in a hand calculator. AB - The method of curve fitting here described is simple, dependable and can be programmed in a hand calculator. It consists in a log linear regression "peeling" that uses the maximization of the correlation coefficient for determining the number of exponential terms. It was experimentally verified and found to give satisfactory answers when compared to weighted least square iterative techniques. PMID- 7347099 TI - Comparison of the release of endogenous and of 3H-acetylcholine from slices of rat cerebral cortex. AB - A comparison of the release of endogenous and of tritiated acetylcholine (3H-ACh) was performed in eserinized slices of rat cerebral cortex labelled in vitro in the presence of 0.43 microM tityustoxin (TsTX), a scorpion venom known to increase the overflow of endogenous acetylcholine. The endogenous and the radioactive ACh were spontaneously released into the organ bath. At the moment when the spontaneous efflux had levelled off, the endogenous ACh collected during 1 min accounted for 1.03 +/- 0.14% of the tissue content and a similar value (0.80 +/- 0.26%) was found for 3H-ACh. The basal outflow as well as the tissue retention of ACh and of 3H-ACh were not modified by exposure to the scorpion venom. In the presence of 20 mM KCl for 1 min, the overflow of both radioactive and endogenous ACh was increased up to approximately 100% above basal levels and this K+-evoked release was almost doubled under the action of TsTX. The results presented are compatible with the view that no major functional differences exist in the rat cortex between responses of pools storing 3H-ACh synthesized from 3H choline and those storing ACh formed from endogenous substrate. PMID- 7347100 TI - A mathematical model for the curves of intrauterine growth. AB - Different mathematical models for a chart of intrauterine growth were tested attempting to employ uncomplicated curves. In this manner, a chart of foetal growth was elaborated by plotting the cube root of neonate weight against the gestational age. Two different regions can be clearly seen in this chart of growth. In the first one, until the 34th week of pregnancy, there is a linear relationship between the two variables. In the second region, for pregnancies above the 34th week, the curve has a quadratic equation, reaching the maximum between the 43rd and 44th week, decreasing posteriorly. The goodness of fit obtained by the present mathematical model is more satisfactory than that obtained by mathematical models with a single linear equation. PMID- 7347101 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate response to apomorphine in urethane anesthetized rats. AB - The mechanisms involved in the hypotensive effect of apomorphine were studied in urethane anesthetized rats. The intravenous injection of apomorphine (0.01-0.75 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent fall in mean blood pressure. At the higher doses used (0.5-0.75 mg/kg) a marked bradycardia accompanied the hypotensive effect. These cardiovascular effects were prevented by pretreating the animals with pimozide (0.01-0.1 mg/kg). Low doses of haloperidol (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) did not antagonize the hypotensive action of apomorphine. Higher doses of haloperidol (1 3 mg/kg) reduced markedly the mean blood pressure. Atropine (1 mg/kg) partially antagonized the decrease in mean blood pressure induced by apomorphine and prevented completely the bradycardia. Hexamethonium (10 mg/kg) reduced the mean blood pressure and when apomorphine was administered, a residual hypotensive effect and no bradycardia was observed. It is concluded that the cardiovascular actions of apomorphine are central in origin and mainly due to the stimulation of a dopamine receptor. A probable peripheral effect could not be discarded. PMID- 7347102 TI - Respiratory capacity of rat cerebral cortex mitochondria. Stimulation by convulsant and subconvulsant doses of 3-mercaptopropionic acid; contrasting effect of phenobarbitone. PMID- 7347103 TI - Psychiatric aspects of homicide. AB - Homicide is frequently associated with mental illness and suicide. The present study is an investigation of all known homicide incidents in Iceland during the past 80 years (1900-1979). There were 45 homicide incidents, involving 52 victims and 47 offenders. One-third of the perpetrators were either psychotic, mentally subnormal, or committed suicide. A further one-third were diagnosed as personality disordered, alcoholic, drug dependent or neurotic. A substantial proportion of the offenders suffered from fairly marked physical disabilities, and the mentally ill were significantly more frequently afflicted by such defects. Over 60% of the offenders and 50% of the victims were under the influence of alcohol at the material time. The findings are generally consistent with those of previous psychiatric studies of homicide. PMID- 7347104 TI - Age-of-onset and genetic transmission in affective disorders. AB - Age-of-onset data were gathered on first-degree relatives of 252 probands with bipolar and unipolar affective disorders. Early onset probands (younger than 40 at onset) had more early onset relatives and a greater risk for affective disorder among their relatives than late onset probands (40 or older). This indicates that age-of-onset is a familial factor correlated with the liability to affective illness. Multiple threshold models of inheritance were applied to the data using age-of-onset as a liability-threshold determinant. The hypothesis of autosomal single-major locus was ruled out. Multifactorial-polygenic inheritance provided a better fit to the data. The data suggest that early and late onset affective disorders can be placed at different thresholds on a genetic environmental continuum and that the early onset form is more deviant genetically than the late onset type. The implications for genetic research in affective disorder are discussed. PMID- 7347105 TI - Comparison of MAO, D beta H, and COMT activities in chronic schizophrenics selected on the basis of nailfold capillary pattern. AB - A group of 17 white male chronic schizophrenic subjects were divided on the basis of plexus visualization score (PVS). High and low PVS subjects were compared to each other and to low PVS controls on measures of platelet monamine oxidase (MAO), rbc catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT), and plasma dopamine-beta hydroxylase (D beta H). There were no differences between high and low PVS subjects on any biochemical variable. Schizophrenic subjects had lower platelet MAO activity than controls. Platelet MAO and rbc COMT were significantly correlated in schizophrenic subjects. PMID- 7347106 TI - Direct assessment of depression by microcomputer. A feasibility study. AB - A self-rating depression questionnaire based on the Hamilton Depression Questionnaire was given directly by a microcomputer to 43 controls and 125 depressed patients. Scores obtained from the two groups differed very significantly; choosing an appropriate cut-off point, the computer-delivered questionnaire accurately detected the presence of depression. The severity of depression in the patients, as indicated by their scores, correlated significantly with assessments of severity by qualified clinicians. Patients commented favourably on the procedure, and the medical and nursing staff found it instructive and helpful. The use of this technique appears practicable and further evaluation is in progress. PMID- 7347107 TI - Intellectual efficiency in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium. A control study. AB - A longitudinal study of 21 non-hospitalized manic-depressive subjects treated with lithium was carried out over a 3-year period: year 1 (Y1), year 2 (Y2), year 3 (Y3). A control group C of 21 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level was compared to Y1, Y2 and Y3 using the Cattell Intelligence Scale, the immediate memory recall test of numbers, the Code Test (WAIS), the 15-Word Test and the Benton Visual Retention Test. The vocabulary test of Binois and Pichot was first applied to C and Y1 to test the homogeneity of intellectual level between these two groups. A strategy of variance analysis followed by non parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests was applied for statistical analysis of the results. Generally, except for the Cattell test, the patients presented lower scores than the control group. This decrease was not accentuated as time elapsed; the non-verbal were not affected more than the verbal tests. A clinical analysis was carried out relating the importance of the criteria "deterioration" to four other criteria: "age", "gravity and duration of illness ", "history of E.C.T." and "insufficient mood stabilization". The factor "gravity of the illness" was slightly more frequently associated with factor deterioration. PMID- 7347108 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in affective disorders. Implications for psychobiological research. AB - The extent of genetic heterogeneity in major affective illness was estimated via three paradigms of single-major-locus inheritance. In the first paradigm bipolar and unipolar disorders were represented at different liability thresholds on a genetic-environmental continuum. The second paradigm incorporated sex-related thresholds into the model, thereby testing the hypothesis that affective illness is a transmitted trait whose phenotypic expression is a function of the individual's sex. The third paradigm included both clinical polarity and sex effect as threshold phenomena. All three paradigms predicted considerable genetic heterogeneity in affective disorders. Bipolar homozygotes were far more common than unipolar homozygotes, although the majority of ill individuals in the first two paradigms were heterozygotes. According to the third paradigm bipolar males had the highest proportion of homozygotes amongst the affected population. Significant increases in homozygosity occurred using the dual mating sampling method. Depending on the model paradigm and parameters these increases were 140 25,000% over the random sample method. The implications for biologic and genetic research in affective disorders were discussed. PMID- 7347109 TI - ECT and cerebral atrophy. A computed tomographic study. AB - The case-notes of 41 elderly depressives who underwent computed tomography were examined and the ECT history of each patient was assessed. No association was found between ECT and global cortical atrophy or ventricular size, but a significant relationship was demonstrated between frontal lobe atrophy and ECT. PMID- 7347110 TI - Patterns of overt sexual interaction among acute psychiatric inpatients. AB - An indepth study was carried out over 1 year on all instances of overt heterosexual interactions among acute psychiatric patients on mixed-sex intensive treatment units. Sixteen of the 1060 patients treated on the units were involved in nine instances of overt heterosexual interactions. Analysis of the interactions showed three distinct patterns, called Types 1, 2 and 3. In Type 1 interactions, overt sexual behavior approaches normality. In Type 2 interactions, overt sexual behavior is of a pronounced demonstrative quality but avoids genital involvement. In Type 3, overt sexual interaction is confined exclusively to sexual intercourse. Multiple determinants of the patients' involvements in overt heterosexual interaction are presented. The type of overt sexual interaction engaged in by inpatients depended more on each patient's history, including past sexual life, than on clinical diagnosis. As a rule, the patient's most relevant and central problems were expressed in a very distinct manner in the overt sexual interaction on the unit. Thus, a thorough investigation of every case of such interaction provides an opportunity to discern these problems rapidly and to elaborate on them therapeutically. PMID- 7347111 TI - Computed tomography, angiography and ultrasound in staging of renal carcinoma. AB - Preoperative evaluation of the extent of the renal tumor is of value in determining the prognosis of the patient and the most suitable therapy. CT and angiography were reviewed in 27 cases of renal carcinoma to evaluate tumor involvement of lymph nodes, renal vein, vena cava, and the perinephric space. In 26 of these cases the ultrasound examination was similarly reviewed. Comparison of ultrasound, CT, and angiography demonstrated that staging of renal tumors with ultrasound is mainly limited by its inability to demonstrate extrarenal infiltration. Both CT and ultrasound proved reliable in the demonstration of tumor spread to the renal vein and inferior vena cava. CT and angiography were equally effective in the evaluation of tumor extension; since CT is easier to perform, less invasive and less time consuming than angiography it should be the primary method for staging of renal neoplasms. Angiography offers detailed information on the vascular supply of the tumor important for the choice of surgical approach and should be performed only on special indications. PMID- 7347112 TI - Computer tomography and angiography in renal angiomyolipoma. AB - Computer tomography and nephroangiography were performed in 5 patients with angiomyolipoma of the kidneys. CT was characteristic in all cases by demonstrating areas of fat in the tumor, and the extent of the neoplasm could be assessed preoperatively. Nephroangiography was of value as a preoperative demonstration of the vascular anatomy. In one case with a hemorrhage which nearly masked the fat component at CT, angiography added diagnostic information. PMID- 7347113 TI - Renal flow response to contrast medium measured by video dilution technique. AB - The renal blood flow response following a sequence of small contrast medium injections was analysed in normal dogs and normal human subjects by video dilution technique. The results indicate that the video dilution technique offers an excellent opportunity in detecting abnormal flow responses in patients with renal hypertension. PMID- 7347114 TI - Intravesical fat emulsion at computed tomography of bladder tumours. AB - The value of using fat emulsion as an intravesical medium on examination of bladder tumours with computed tomography, based on a series of 46 patients, and the influence of recent transurethral resection on the bladder wall, are reported. PMID- 7347115 TI - Diagnostic value of computer tomography in chronic pancreatitis: a comparison with current diagnostic tests. AB - During a 3-year period 39 patients with chronic pancreatitis were subjected to roentgen examinations and exocrine pancreatic function tests (EPFT). Computer tomography (CT) was carried out in 36 of these, and revealed pancreatic disease in 29, while characteristic findings of chronic pancreatitis were demonstrated in 24 patients. CT was particularly valuable in diagnosing intra and extrapancreatic pseudocysts and pancreatic abscesses complicating chronic pancreatitis. At endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) pathologic alterations were demonstrated in 23 of 24 patients, and was diagnostic for chronic pancreatitis in 20 patients. The cannulation failed in 7 patients. The results indicate that ERP cannot be replaced by CT. ERP is still needed for detailed demonstration of the pancreatic duct system, especially preoperatively. Conventional films of the abdomen, EPFT and angiography were the least sensitive tests. PMID- 7347116 TI - Percutaneous cytodiagnosis of abdominal masses by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - A review was made of 168 ultrasound guided fine needle biopsies on 145 patients. Fifty-seven biopsies were from the pancreas, 40 biopsies from the liver, 28 from the kidney, 26 from the abdomen and 17 from the retroperitoneum. The total accuracy rate was 66 per cent varying from 50 per cent in abdominal lesions to 83 per cent in hepatic lesions. The differences of the results are discussed as are the indications and the role of ultrasound guided fine needle puncture compared with other modalities. PMID- 7347117 TI - Computed tomography of recurrent rectal carcinoma. AB - Computed tomography was performed in 28 patients and gave a correct diagnosis in 21 of 22 cases with abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum and in 5 of 6 with anterior resection. CT is of considerable value in the diagnosis of local recurrence of rectal carcinoma, particularly after rectal excision. PMID- 7347118 TI - Experiences with ioxaglate (Hexabrix) in cardioangiography and peripheral angiography. AB - In 28 cardioangiographies and 24 peripheral angiographies the dimer ioxaglate (Hexabrix) and conventional monomeric contrast media were compared. The general effects of the media on the patients were the same, while the frequencies of pain, sensations of heat and involuntary movements were significantly lower with Hexabrix. PMID- 7347119 TI - Dynamic ultrasound scans: a visual system for identification. AB - A system for automatic plane identification of ultrasound images, particularly dynamic scans, is described. The system is based on the use of a ceiling mounted light source, an externally synchronizable TV camera and a specially developed TV mixer. The patient with actual position of the ultrasound transducer is constantly displayed in the upper right corner of the monitor on which the image appears. PMID- 7347121 TI - Experimental stand for chest radiography in rabbits. AB - A stand and a technique for obtaining good quality chest films in rabbits are described. The animal is held in an upright position in its forelegs and in this position it does not breathe if adequately anesthetized. PMID- 7347120 TI - Validation of geometric methods for estimating segmental myocardial motion of the left ventricle at cineangiography. AB - Functional myocardial changes which result from ischemia are typically local rather than total. For assessing such regional changes quantitatively, left ventricular angiography has been used. The ventricular image has been divided into several components which can be measured individually. In order to test the validity of such methods, left ventricles of 5 dogs were labeled with endocardial tantalum markers and the segmental myocardial motion was estimated using cineangiography. Variance analysis of beat to beat measurements of total ejection fractions was performed. Total ejection fraction demonstrated the least variation with an average 3.5 per cent, segmental myocardial shortening 15 and regional stroke volumes 13 to 18 per cent. Intermethodologic variation with different regional volume measurements was 11 to 13 per cent. Regional stroke volume calculations showed large methodologic variations in beat to beat analysis. Conclusions and clinical decisions based on such measurements should be drawn with caution. PMID- 7347122 TI - Image distortion in rotational panoramic radiography. IV. Object morphology; outer contours. AB - On films exposed with rotational panoramic radiography, distortion effects are often apparent. The distortion of the outer contour of three-dimensional model objects jas been analysed mathematically. The applied mathematical expressions for coordinate transformation between object and film were confirmed experimentally. The distortion of the outer contour is dependent on the basic form of the object; the more rounded the object is, the less marked is the distortion. It is concluded that for practical clinical purposes the correctly exposed panoramic film is reliable when the form of rounded objects is assessed. PMID- 7347123 TI - Radiographic evaluation of fracture healing after rigid plate fixation: experiments in the rabbit. AB - Experimental osteotomies were made in 35 rabbit tibiofibular bones and fixed with rigid stainless steel osteosynthesis plates (DCP/ASIF). The radiographic and histopathologic appearances in the healing osteotomies and adjacent bone were analysed at intervals from 3 up to 24 weeks postoperatively. Radiologically the osteotomy had closed at 9 weeks and microscopically this could be confirmed as longitudinal orientation of the cutter heads across the osteotomy gap with longitudinal orientation of the bone structure. The healing of the osteotomy was accompanied by gross structural changes in the adjacent cortical bone with loss of intracortical and subendosteal osteons, cementing lines and intermediate tissue between the osteons. This was characterized by decreasing attenuation of the cortical bone after healing of the osteotomy and should clinically be regarded as an indication for removal of the implant. PMID- 7347124 TI - Temporomandibular joint abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of different radiographic methods. AB - Transantral (infraorbital, transmaxillary) examination of the temporomandibular joint was compared with conventional transcranial examination and lateral tomography of patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 23 to 83. Abnormalities were most frequently found at tomography, and equally frequent at transantral and transcranial examinations. The various examinations appeared to be rather supplementary. Bone erosion was frequently observed at transantral examination, which appeared to be the preferable radiographic method for detecting arthritis of this joint. Combined with transcranial examination, the method is recommended for the evaluation of temporomandibular joint abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis if tomographic equipment is not available. PMID- 7347125 TI - Metacarpal bone mass in normal adults and in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - In measurements of the metacarpal bone mass the values in normal Danish adults did not differ between the right and left hand, but were significantly higher in women compared with men in subjects 20-59 years of age; beyond that age the bone mass decrease in women compared with men. The metacarpal bone mass decreased significantly during the period of dialysis in patients on chronic hemodialysis and decreased significantly after renal transplantation. Recipients who developed necrosis of bone or spontaneous fractures after transplantation had significantly reduced metacarpal bone mass at the time of transplantation as compared with normal controls whereas recipients without bone lesions after renal transplantation had normal values at the time of transplantation. PMID- 7347126 TI - The effect of I.V. glucagon administration on selected metabolic parameters in patients with type IIa, IIb and IV primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 7347127 TI - Simple instruction of the metabolic balance study. PMID- 7347128 TI - Association projection of neocortex in the cat. PMID- 7347129 TI - Effect of some pharmaceuticals used during the treatment of burns on the liver metabolism in burnt rats. PMID- 7347130 TI - The effect of dibutyl sulphide on hepatocytes studied by means of the isolated rat liver perfusion after preceding exposure to tetrachloromethane and phenobarbital in vivo. PMID- 7347131 TI - Antioxidant role of retinyl-palmitate on carbontetrachloride toxicity. PMID- 7347132 TI - Effect of tryptophan metabolites and metal ions on the purified kynureninase from rat liver. AB - Kynureninase purified from rat liver was inhibited by 3-hydroxyanthranilate, or anthranilate, and slightly by 5-hydroxyanthranilate. However, tryptophan metabolites other than anthranilate and its derivatives, and also alpha-keto acids and alanine did not affect the activity of this enzyme. Kynureninase was also inhibited and inactivated by metal ions, especially Hg2+ and Zn2+. On the other hand Mg2+, Ca2+ and monovalent cations had no effect on the activity of the enzyme. The reductants, such as dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione and mercaptoethanol, prevented this inactivation. p-Chloromercurybenzoate (CMB) and N ethylmaleimide inhibited the enzyme action. Kynureninase which had been completely inactivated by Hg2+ or CMB could be reactivated with excess dithiothreitol, indicating that enzyme inactivation can be attributed to the blocking of sulfhydryl groups. Five sulfhydryl groups per subunit of the enzyme molecule were detected using CMB and mercury orange. PMID- 7347133 TI - [Influence of 4-methylesculetol on the response of segments of isolated coronary arteries to adrenaline, in presence of pyrogallol]. AB - The adrenaline (AD) induced relaxation in the smooth muscle is increased by bioflavonoids, possibly via cathecol-0-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibition. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the influence of 4-methylesculetin (4 Me), alone or associated with ascorbic acid, on the response of isolated coronary strips to AD, in the presence of pyrogallol. Both 4-Me being enhanced by the addition of ascorbic acid. The effects were reduced or abolished in the presence off pyrogallol, a well known COMT inhibitor. It is concluded that 4-Me inhibits COMT, as other bioflavonoids. PMID- 7347134 TI - [Increase in infant mortality observed in the province of Naples in the autumn and winter 1978-1979. Introductory note]. PMID- 7347135 TI - [Statistical studies of infant mortality in Naples in relation to the epidemic of acute respiratory diseases in the winter of 1978-1979]. PMID- 7347136 TI - [Analysis of infant mortality rates 1970-1979 in Naples. Mathematical models]. PMID- 7347137 TI - [Episode of increased infant mortality in Naples in the winter of 1978-1979: case control studies]. PMID- 7347138 TI - [Surveillance of respiratory diseases in Campania 1978-1979: preliminary results]. PMID- 7347139 TI - [IgA deficiency and circulating immune complexes in Neapolitan children with fatal acute respiratory infections]. PMID- 7347140 TI - [Histopathological studies of 57 children with fatal acute respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7347141 TI - [Isolation and characterization of bacterial strains in subjects hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit]. PMID- 7347142 TI - [Diffusion of S. aureus in a high-risk hospital environment]. PMID- 7347143 TI - [Observations and microbiological findings in 81 clinical cases of a neuro respiratory syndrome hospitalized at the Pediatric Intensive Care Center in Naples]. PMID- 7347144 TI - [Acute encephalopathy and metabolic acidosis with fatal outcome in the province of Naples in the autumn and winter of 1978-79]. PMID- 7347145 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis in light of the most modern research technics]. PMID- 7347146 TI - ["Pathology of the biliary tract": surgical indications in hepatocholedochal lesions resulting from lithiasis and inflammation]. PMID- 7347147 TI - [Current prospects for surgical approaches in pathology of the anorectal area]. PMID- 7347148 TI - [Villous polyp of the duodenum]. PMID- 7347149 TI - [Double-contrast radiologic study of the esophagus]. PMID- 7347150 TI - [Surgical treatment of benign obstruction of the terminal choledochus]. PMID- 7347151 TI - [Infectious complications of the use of vascular prostheses]. PMID- 7347152 TI - [Surgical-anatomic study of the cephalic pancreas in the pig]. PMID- 7347153 TI - The influence of various chemicals on the surface structure and the antigenicity of syngeneic glioma cells. AB - Brain tumours were induced in inbred Fischer rats (F344) by methylnitrosourea. A pleomorphic glioma (78-219) was established in vitro and propagated as 78FR-G-219 permanent cell line. These cells were modified either by dimethylsulfate or by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Antisera were raised against both native an chemically latered cells in syngeneic rats. The cytotoxicity of these sera was tested against the native glioma cell line as target, by means of the 14C nicotinamide release. The methylated cells induced a complement--dependent humoral cytotoxicity in the range of that produced by native cells (20%); trinitrophenylation, however, resulted in a two-fold increased cytotoxic humoral immune response. Effects of chaotropic salts on methylated cell surface structure suggested a mode of action different from that of trinitrophenylation, which could be further substantiated by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, a new tool for the evaluation of cell surface structure, secondary ion mass spectrometry, was applied on our cell system. Significantly different ionized fragments were obtained from normal brain cells and glioma cells, respectively. PMID- 7347154 TI - Anti-tumor effect of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin on mouse hepatoma BW7756 and its possible mode of action. AB - (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (OPT), an analog of camptothecin (CPT), was found to inhibit the growth of the mouse hepatoma BW7756, when given at 1.0 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Cell cycle studies using flow cytofluorometry indicated that this drug inhibited the S-Phase of the tumor cells in vivo and the S and G2/M phases in vitro. Similar studies on host liver showed little or no effect. In spite of the narrow range of the effective dose of this drug against mouse hepatoma BW7756, the use of OPT in combination with other antitumor agents may be useful in primary hepatoma or liver metastases in view of its low toxicity towards host liver. A simple cytofluorometric method useful for live cell cycle study has been adapted for this investigation and can be adopted for other drug studies. PMID- 7347155 TI - Clinical trials with diglycoaldehyde (NSC-118994): review and reasons for withdrawal from clinical trial. AB - All Phase II studies with diglycoaldehyde with leukemia and solid tumors have been reviewed. The dose schedules employed ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 g/m2/day for 3 to 5 days. The most common side effects have been gastrointestinal (nausea and vomiting), which occurred in 22% of the patients. Renal toxicity (rise in BUN, creatinine, and urinary proteins) was seem in 17% of the patients treated. Other infrequent toxicities include hypocalcemia (9%) and local complications such as phlebitis. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, positive Coombs' test and impairment in coagulation profile were also reported. In contrast to the hints of therapeutic efficacy described during Phase I trials, in phase II trials no activity was noted among 96 patients with solid tumors and only minimal antileukemic action among 49 other patients. These disappointing Phase II trials coupled with prominent toxicities have prompted the decision to terminate further clinical testing. This report summarizes all clinical observations as an example of circumstances which curtail clinical testing of anticancer drugs. PMID- 7347156 TI - Mouse skin beta-irradiated 3 months earlier shows increased content of a 30 50,000 MW mitotic inhibitor and decreased susceptibility to an exogenous inhibitor. AB - A 30,000-50,000 MW extract of mouse skin beta-irradiated 3 months previously with 3,000 rads, exerted a stronger in vivo inhibitory effect on mitoses in the basal layer of normal skin than a similar extract from unirradiated skin. Furthermore, epidermis beta-irradiated 3 months previously showed a reduced mitotic rate and a decreased susceptibility to inhibition by the 30-50,000 MW extract. The pathogenesis of the long term effect of irradiation might include interference with the functioning of a local mitotic inhibitor. PMID- 7347157 TI - Lesions made in the rabbit brain to assist the design and use of electrodes for amygdalotomy in man. AB - The lesion sizes produced by passing anodic currents of up to 10 mA through gold electrodes implanted in rabbit brains have been estimated histologically. The information has been used to design sheaves of similar electrodes implanted in human brains for amygdalotomy. The maximum current that can be passed through an electrode without generating an excessive temperature has been defined approximately. PMID- 7347158 TI - Radial nerve conduction in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Orthodromic sensory nerve conduction was studied in the distal segment of the superficial radial nerve in 50 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome in 41 patients. In patients aged 50 years or less, the mean conduction velocity was 48.6 m/s (SD +/- 4.8), and the mean amplitude of the sensory action potential was 9.7 microV (SD +/- 4.0). For patients aged over 50 years, the corresponding values were 46.4 m/s (SD +/- 5.5) and 7.5 microV (SD + 3.5). It is important to demonstrate normal radial nerve conduction in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in order to exclude peripheral neuropathy or cervical radiculopathy. Spread of activity from the radial nerve may be mistaken for a median nerve potential. PMID- 7347159 TI - Abstracts: 20th annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Kyoto, October, 1981. PMID- 7347160 TI - [The role of food processing and nutrition disorders]. PMID- 7347161 TI - [Prevalence and conditions of cocaism in an agroindustrial community of the northern coast of Peru. Survey carried out in the Cooperativa Agraria San Jacinto (Province of Chimbote, Department of Ancash)]. PMID- 7347162 TI - [Rheological characteristics of tropical fruit products]. AB - The rheological behavior of three commercially processed baby foods and four purees made from different tropical fruits was studied, utilizing a coaxial cylinder viscometer at three temperature levels (20 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 60 degrees C). An analysis of variance was applied to the sample exhibiting more variability between tests, which, having resulted non significant, allowed to obtain average flow curves from all the available experimental data. The flow curves obtained were adequately described by means of the general power law, and were fitted to a pseudoplastic flow behavior by a regression. The consistency coefficient showed a decrease with increasing temperature, represented by a modified Arrhenius equation, whereas the flow behavior index did not vary significantly with temperature. PMID- 7347163 TI - [Survey of nutrition knowledge and food practices by persons in charge of the nutrition of family groups]. AB - A comprehensive survey was carried out to assess the nutrition knowledge and food practices of 115 selected households in the city of Rio das Pedras located in the state of Sao Paulo. Socioeconomic factors as education and age of the mother, occupation of the father, income and family size were considered as the independent variables. Food practice was considered as the food consumed during the 24 hours before the day of the interview. It was interpreted in accordance to an adequacy scale with 3 levels: good, regular and bad. About 53% of the sample was in the first level. The adequacy scale was compared with the theoretical nutrition knowledge of the housewife, such as the meaning of a balanced meal which 87.8% of the sample did not know how to define, but 47.8% of the sample knew how to substitute correctly 3 or more foods. Knowledge about the reasons for including the basic foods in the family meals was the weakest. Among the socioeconomic factors under study the family size appeared to be the one most consistently related to adequate performance in family feeding. The effect of income level, father's occupation and formal education of the mother were considerably less consistent and of smaller magnitude. PMID- 7347164 TI - [Diet survey based on family food consumption: the case of Ilheus, Bahia, in 1979]. AB - A simplified method was used to analyze the diets of 31 poor families in the city of Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. The results are presented in terms of frequency of foods consumed, nutritional density and theoretical adequacy of the diet. Intrafamilial distribution of food intake was not considered in the analysis. Results show that the home diet was very limited in variety; only eight of the 46 items in the dietary frequency were consumed by 50% or more of the sample. Nutrient density was low for calcium, riboflavin, vitamin A and zinc. Energy density, as measured by the ratio of fat calories to protein calories (G/P) was 1.0, value considered nutritionally inadequate. Protein provided 16% of the energy and, of all nine nutrients analyzed, presented the highest levels of intake compared to recommended amounts. Theoretically, the groups at greater nutritional risk were women and children. PMID- 7347165 TI - [Comparative study of height and age at menarche according to the socioeconomic level in Venezuela]. AB - This is a retrospective study based on growth and development data published in Venezuela by various authors in the period 1936-1978. The data on height for males of the middle and high socioeconomic strata show growth curves which are very similar to the standards for British children. Likewise, the girls of the same socioeconomic condition follow the British standards, but only up to about 10-12 years of age. After that age, the girls studied by the Venezuelan authors, show a pattern of early maturation with a corresponding lower adult height compared with their British counterparts. There were differences in the growth curves according to the socioeconomic strata. These differences were more marked in the girls data. A secular increase for height was discerned, from the published data, in all socioeconomic strata and in both sexes. The data on sexual maturation showed a tendency for progressively early menarche in Venezuelan girls. These changes in growth in height and age of menarche were more notorious and came about at an earlier age in the upper socioeconomic strata. They were less marked, not constant, and came about later in the lower socioeconomic groups. The secular changes in height and sexual maturation apparent from these data, could be explained by an improvement in the environmental conditions, especially nutrition and hygiene of the population, and also be genetic heterosis from European immigration and with improvement in communications. PMID- 7347166 TI - [Changes in the nutritional status of the lactating women during exclusive lactation]. AB - In order to evaluate the influence of breast feeding upon selected nutritional parameters of lactating women, several anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed during the interval between 40 and 180 postpartum days in 54 women in full and satisfactory nursing. Only one significant change was detected in measurements done for nutritional assessment: loss of body weight. No changes were detected in hemoglobin levels or in serum protein and albumin. There was high variability in body weight changes with a mean loss of 1.5 kg due especially to a loss in fat body mass and, in a lesser proportion, to loss in lean body mass. The mean food intake did not change during the observation period. The mean caloric intake was 2,771 cal/day at the beginning and 2,737 cal/day in the end of the study. A significant correlation was established between the individual energetic intake and the body weight changes of lactating women. The allowance of 2,750 cal/day suggested by FAO/WHO for lactating women seems adequate for the health of women in a normal nutritional condition, but apparently insufficient to overcome undernutrition in women who initiate lactation with this condition. In spite of the small nutritional impact observed, our results support the need for food supplementation programs destined to lactating women, with special orientation to undernourished women of low socioeconomic level. PMID- 7347167 TI - [Functional and histological study of the thyroid gland of rats fed detoxified rapeseed flour]. PMID- 7347168 TI - [Effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on the protein utilization of mixtures of corn and beans]. AB - The present study was undertaken to establish the effect of some vitamins and minerals on protein utilization of maize:bean mixtures fed in an 87:13 and 70:30 weight ratio. The experiments were carried out by feeding such diets without thiamine, niacin, pyridoxin, riboflavin and vitamin A and without iron, zinc, iodine and magnesium, alone or in combination. Completely supplemented diets were used as reference. The results indicated better protein utilization from the 70:30 maize:bean mixture than from the 87:13. Even though it was not possible to detect significant differences due to the lack of single nutrients, either vitamins or minerals, probably due to the relatively short experimental period, the results strongly suggest the importance of these nutrients in increasing protein utilization. The same result was true when both mixtures were supplemented with their limiting amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan. Furthermore, the addition of these amino acids without vitamins or minerals did not improve protein utilization, suggesting that nutrition is not due to single nutrients but to a nutrient balance. Chemical carcass composition of the rats showed an increased fat accumulation for the animals fed the 70:30 mixture over those fed the 87:13 blend. No explanation was given, and this should be a subject of further research. PMID- 7347169 TI - [Myocardial scintillography with thallium 201 in patients with mitral valve prolapse, with or without coronary disease]. PMID- 7347170 TI - [Protection of the myocardium in heart surgery. Experimental study]. PMID- 7347171 TI - [A new echocardiographic index for the evaluation of right intraventricular obstruction in isolated intraventricular communication]. PMID- 7347172 TI - [Repair of aortic coarctation by isthmoplasty with the left subclavian artery in symptomatic patients in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7347173 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of the rupture of mitral chordae tendineae]. PMID- 7347174 TI - [Comparative study of the cardiocirculatory effects and systemic reactions of 4 contrast media used in cineangiocardiography]. PMID- 7347175 TI - [Intraventricular communication following closed chest injury-report of a case]. PMID- 7347176 TI - [The role of collateral coronary circulation in ischemic heart disease: a pending challenge]. PMID- 7347177 TI - [Angiocardiographic study in univentricular hearts]. PMID- 7347178 TI - [Electron microscopy: hypothermic 30 degrees Centigrade anoxic cardiac arrest and cardioplegia]. PMID- 7347179 TI - [Criteria for admission and discharge in the intensive treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7347180 TI - [Myocardial infarction in patients under 40 years of age: possible etiopathogenic mechanisms]. PMID- 7347181 TI - [Myocardial rupture following acute infarction]. PMID- 7347182 TI - [Echocardiographic aspects of dura mater prosthesis]. PMID- 7347183 TI - [Constrictive fibrous pericardial band]. PMID- 7347184 TI - [Arteritis leading to a thoracic aorta coarctation syndrome. Report of a case surgically treated]. PMID- 7347185 TI - [The electrogram of the bundle of His. II. Sinus node disease, A-V blocks and intraventricular conduction defects]. PMID- 7347186 TI - [Inclination of initial tangents of the phase plane in the evaluation of the contractile function of the cardiac muscle]. PMID- 7347187 TI - [Myocardial infarction without significant lesion of the coronary artery. Study of 7 cases and review]. PMID- 7347188 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of the systolic quotient in the evaluation of myocardial contractility - experimental study in the isolated and perfused frog heart]. PMID- 7347189 TI - [Intravascular hemolysis in artificial cardiac valves: study of the dura mater bioprosthesis]. PMID- 7347190 TI - [Technical variant for reoperation of aortic arch coarctation]. PMID- 7347191 TI - [The environment and cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 7347192 TI - [The electrogram of the bundle of His. III. Supraventricular and ventricular paroxysmal tachycardias]. PMID- 7347193 TI - [Effects of probucol on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels]. PMID- 7347194 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7347195 TI - [Pulmonary function in patients with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7347196 TI - [Hemodynamic and cineangiocardiographic effects of amiodarone in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7347197 TI - [Hemodynamic study in subjects with Chagas' disease without apparent heart disease]. PMID- 7347198 TI - [Anomalous origin of the anterior descending artery from the right coronary artery. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7347199 TI - [Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (Fiedler's myocarditis). Report or a case]. PMID- 7347200 TI - [Hemolytic anemia after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Report of a case]. PMID- 7347201 TI - [Metabolic changes in Chagas' disease]. PMID- 7347202 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension: comparative study of atenolol + chlorthalidone vs. timolol maleate-hydrochlorthiazide-amiloride association]. PMID- 7347203 TI - Effects of oscillatory mechanical disturbance on macromolecular uptake by arterial wall. AB - Transport of 125I-albumin by isolated segments of canine common carotid arteries was studied in vitro at zero transmural pressure. Sinusoidal oscillatory variations in length (peak change 4%) for 15 minutes at frequencies of 5 and 10 Hz caused 40% increase in 125I-albumin uptake, and also a 30% increase in the apparent luminal surface area. Changes in the duration and frequency of oscillation indicate that the total number of oscillations (= frequency X duration) was the critical parameter in causing these effects. The increase in apparent luminal surface area was correlated with regional flattening of the internal elastic lamina and the overlying endothelial cells, as demonstrated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Endothelial vesicles were counted with the aid of ruthenium red as a postfixation extracellular marker. The ratio of unstained free vesicles to total vesicles averaged 0.083 in the control state and decreased slightly to 0.070 after oscillation. Although the decrease in free vesicle population indicated an acceleration of vesicle diffusion, our theoretical computations showed that the resulting increase in vesicle flux was negligible. The increase in 125I-albumin uptake by the artery following mechanical oscillation is mainly attributable to the increase in apparent luminal surface area. PMID- 7347204 TI - Abstracts. 35th annual meeting: Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis, Dallas, Texas, November 1981. PMID- 7347205 TI - Relationship of hypertriglyceridemia to atherosclerosis. PMID- 7347206 TI - In vitro synthesis of DNA, protein, and lipids by the de-endothelialized rabbit aorta. AB - The uptake of [3H] leucine, [3H] thymidine, [14C] acetate, and [14C] mevalonic acid by aortic intima media from normal rabbits and from rabbits subjected to a single balloon de-endothelialization as measured 6 days, 2 months, and 4 months after treatment to determine how long the injury-induced stimulation of incorporation of these precursors into tissue components persisted beyond 6 days, the time of maximum proliferative response of the smooth muscle cells. We found that [3H] thymidine incorporation (indicative of DNA synthesis and the potential for cell proliferation) was about three times greater in the de-endothelialized tissue than in the control tissue 6 days after vessel injury, but that by 2 months it was normal. Labeled leucine incorporation into the de-endothelialized tissue (a measure of protein synthesis) was eight times higher than normal at the time of maximum proliferative response to injury (6 days), and showed no decrease under identical incubation conditions in ballooned tissue obtained 2 months after de-endothelialization; it continued high at 4 months. Both [14C] acetate and [14C] mevalonate uptake into lipids by the aortic tissue were enhanced by the injury; this increased incorporation was still evident at 4 months. Thus, de endothelialization of the aorta triggers a vessel wall response characterized by augmented protein synthesis and lipogenesis, which persists at least 4 months after injury and at least 2 months after DNA synthesis has normalized. PMID- 7347207 TI - Secretory phenotypes of endothelial cells in culture: comparison of aortic, venous, capillary, and corneal endothelium. AB - Endothelial cells from different tissues display variations in morphology, intercellular junctions, cell surface and growth properties, and in production of basal lamina components, both in vivo and in vitro. We have investigated the spectra of extracellular proteins secreted by bovine endothelial cells cultured from large vessels, cornea, and capillaries. Aortic, venous, and corneal endothelial cells displayed highly similar patterns of protein synthesis as judged by analysis of the culture medium; the major products were fibronectin, a glycoprotein similar or identical to platelet thrombospondin, and Type III procollagen. Ion-exchange chromatography, followed by peptide mapping, confirmed the presence of EC, a novel endothelial collagen previously described in bovine aortic endothelial cell cultures. Minor variations were found in the collagens of the cell layers: Type III, the predominant interstitial collagen, was associated with the basement membrane Types IV and V and, in the case of corneal endothelium, with Type I. In contrast, capillary endothelial cells secreted significantly more collagen than did the aortic, venous, and corneal cells. Approximately 50% of the protein in the culture medium was collagenous and consisted of Types I and III collagen in a ratio of 2:3. These interstitial collagens were the only types detected in capillary cell layers as well. The pattern and overall rate of collagen synthesis by capillary endothelial cells in vitro contrasted significantly with that of the other endothelial cell types and closely resembled that described for cultures of sprouting endothelium. These alterations in secretory phenotype may reflect: 1) a true difference in cell type between capillary and other types of endothelium, 2) differences resulting from cell isolation and initial culture conditions, or 3) a correlation between growth regulation and protein synthesis. PMID- 7347208 TI - Platelet function and survival in patients wit severe hypercholesterolemia. AB - Platelet aggregation and survival were measured in twelve subjects with severe hypercholesterolemia. There was a small increase in sensitivity to epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate among the most hypercholesterolemic patients, but this did not correlate with reduced platelet lifespan. Platelet survival was normal or only moderately reduced in the markedly hypercholesterolemic homozygous subjects. However, the incidence of reduced platelet survival was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) among the older patients with more extensive atherosclerotic vascular disease compared to the younger patients with limited vascular disease. Marked hypercholesterolemia in the absence of atherosclerosis does not appear to accelerate platelet destruction, although a modest increased aggregability is present. PMID- 7347210 TI - "Ethical Issues in neonatology" the Turner-Gibson Oration, 1981. PMID- 7347209 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in nonresponders to increased dietary cholesterol. AB - We have studied the effect of increased dietary cholesterol on production and degradation of plasma very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins. We studied five unselected normal volunteers who were on weight-maintaining diets consisting of 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% protein with a ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat of 0.4. Cholesterol content was 150 mg/1000 kcal in Period A and 500 mg/1000 kcal in Period B. Subjects were fed each diet for 4 to 5 weeks. The turnover of apoproteins B in very low density and low density lipoproteins and of triglyceride in very low density lipoproteins were measured during the last 2 weeks of each study period using 131I-labeled very low density lipoproteins and 125I-labeled low density lipoproteins and 2-3H-glycerol, respectively. There was no significant change in plasma total cholesterol or triglycerides or in low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the high cholesterol versus the low cholesterol diet. Similarly, high cholesterol intake had no effect on the rate of production or clearance of apo B in very low density and low density lipoproteins or of triglyceride in very low density lipoproteins. These data indicate that the flux of very low density lipoproteins does not change in nonresponders to high cholesterol diets. PMID- 7347211 TI - The maturation of respiratory patterns in normal full term infants during the first six postnatal months. I: Sleep states and respiratory variability. PMID- 7347213 TI - Neonatal intensive care for extremely low birthweight infants - a dilemma in perinatal medicine. PMID- 7347212 TI - The maturation of respiratory patterns in normal full term infants during the first six postnatal months. II: Sleep states and apnoea. PMID- 7347214 TI - Minor neurological abnormalities during the first year of life in infants of birth weight less than 1500 g. PMID- 7347215 TI - Intrauterine growth charts from 24 to 29 weeks' gestation. PMID- 7347216 TI - The effect of gestational age on the incidence and duration of recurrent apnoea in newborn babies. PMID- 7347217 TI - Theophylline in treatment of apnoea of prematurity. PMID- 7347218 TI - Aetiological associations in infantile colic: an hypothesis. PMID- 7347219 TI - Hypoxaemia during mechanical ventilation for severe hyaline membrane disease following sedation with morphine sulphate. PMID- 7347220 TI - Neonatal intestinal obstruction associated with oral calcium supplementation. PMID- 7347222 TI - [Stromal tumors of endometrium--report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7347221 TI - [Partial resection of the liver in the treatment of echinococcosis]. AB - On the basis of reports' reviewed and authors' experience, in 118 patients with hydatid disease of the liver, 15 of whom (12%) have been treated by partial resection of the liver, it can be concluded that: - Partial resections of the liver represents a radical surgical procedure in the treatment of liver hydatidosis, - A surgical treatment of the liver hydatid disease requires a total extirpations of echinococcus cysts, as well as irreversibly damaged liver tissue itself, - These resections' methods should be carried out in definite indications, - In comparison with other, especially more conservative (surgical) procedures, resections reduce complications and shorten a hospitalization, - Because of technical difficulties concerning respective surgical procedures (in particular left or right lobectomy), one should always have in mind the relative benignity of the hydatid disease, operative risk, and that other less aggressive surgical methods exist. - Surgical departments applying these methods have to employ sufficient quantity of adequate blood, well trained and experienced surgeons and equipment. PMID- 7347223 TI - [Benign epilepsy with occipital spike waves in children]. PMID- 7347224 TI - A modified procedure for calibration of Dextrometer. PMID- 7347225 TI - Rheumatic fever and hepatitis B surface antigen. PMID- 7347226 TI - [Electircal isolation of the left atrium as a model of surgical treatment of various disorders of heart rhythm]. PMID- 7347227 TI - [Effectiveness of orthoptic treatment of pseudomyopia at late follow-up]. PMID- 7347229 TI - [Gastrointestinal dialysis]. PMID- 7347230 TI - [Diagnosis of a peculiar form of stenocardia]. PMID- 7347228 TI - [Possibility of rehabilitation and indications for prosthesis in patients with amputation stumps and concomitant cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7347231 TI - [Causes of late detection of cancer of the stomach in gastritis patients]. PMID- 7347232 TI - [Combined action of remantadine (amantadine) and ribavirin on experimental influenza]. AB - The inhibiting effect of remantadine (amantadine) and ribavirin combination on experimental influenza infection was studied in comparison of the effect of each of these drugs alone. The combination of the two chemopreparations was found to inhibit synthesis of influenza A virus proteins in cell culture more effectively, to ensure maximum survival rate of white mice treated with these preparations by oral, aerosol and intraperitoneal routes of administration. PMID- 7347234 TI - [Thoracic rheoplethysmography in the diagnosis of pulmonary microembolism]. PMID- 7347233 TI - [Endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in experimental peritonitis]. PMID- 7347235 TI - [Tutorship and training of young medical personnel in the light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of Communist Party of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7347236 TI - [Verbal memory disorders in local lesions of the right and left hemispheres]. AB - Disturbances of verbal memory were examined in patients with local cerebral affections. The patients were asked to reproduce triads of words selected with regard to their semantic (situation or synonymic associations) or sensor (phonetic association) similarity. The ability to reproduce the triads was found to be different depending on the kind of the triads and the pathological focus localization. Patients with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the left hemisphere could hardly reproduce the triads of the semantically-similar words, while those with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the right hemisphere had difficulties in reproducing the triads of the phonetically similar words. There were no differences as regards the triad type in patients with the pathological focus localization in the frontal divisions of the left hemisphere. A problem of multi-channel coding of the information for its processing and storage is discussed. PMID- 7347237 TI - [Motion picture-television setup for microcirculation studies and morphometry in vivo]. PMID- 7347238 TI - [Single-step osteosynthesis with metal pins of crural and femoral fractures]. PMID- 7347239 TI - [Use of the exercise test for determining the optimal dose of prolonged-action nitrates in patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 7347241 TI - [Phosphatase activity of the blood in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7347240 TI - [Analysis of 76 surgical procedures to create extra-intracranial microanastomoses]. AB - Extraintracranial microanastomoses were created in 66 males and 16 females suffering from stenotic-occlusive changes in the major arteries of the head and brain which had caused cerebral circulatory disorders of various degree. The periods between the onset of the disease and the operation varied from 7 hours to 2 years. Twelve patients were operated on in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Postoperative improvement was noted in 90.8% of cases. Two patient died but their death was not caused by the operation that had been performed. Angiography and other methods of examination confirm functioning of the anastomosis. PMID- 7347242 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) after trichopol administration]. PMID- 7347243 TI - Rheology of acrylic bone cements. AB - The rheological properties of setting acrylic bone cements were examined with a rotational cone and plate viscometer. The cements were tested over two orders of magnitude of shear rate to determine the nature of any non-Newtonian flow behavior. All three cements behaved with moderate pseudoplasticity (i.e., shear thinning) during setting, suggesting the use of higher pressures during administration for better flow and penetration. The low viscosity brand was found to be nearly one-half as viscous as the conventional cements during the working time (i.e., 2-5 minutes). A series of sieving experiments were performed to determine the particle size distributions of the powder components. Statistical analysis (chi square) showed the cements to have different distributions, with the low viscosity brand containing a larger proportion of smaller polymer particles. This difference is thought to contribute to the lower viscosity of this cement. PMID- 7347244 TI - [Echocardiographic study of patency of the ductus arteriosus in normal newborn infants]. PMID- 7347245 TI - [Are plasma catecholamine levels capable of reflecting even small variations in sympathetic activity?]. PMID- 7347246 TI - [Evaluation of the psychological aspects of patients who have sustained myocardial necrosis: preliminary considerations]. PMID- 7347247 TI - [Left atrial myxoma]. PMID- 7347248 TI - [Hemodynamic monitoring of the effects of sublingual nifedipine in acute myocardial infarct: observations and findings in 20 cases]. PMID- 7347249 TI - [Treatment of atrial arrythmias with amiodarone. Short-term and long-term results]. PMID- 7347250 TI - [Pharmacologic cardioversion with intravenous amiodarone]. PMID- 7347251 TI - [External rupture of the heart in acute myocardial infarct. Report of 9 cases]. PMID- 7347252 TI - [Definitive pacing with programmable generators]. PMID- 7347253 TI - [Definitive pacing via the subclavian. Results and follow-up in 63 consecutive cases]. PMID- 7347254 TI - [Pericarditis epistenocardiaca. Clinical and instrumental aspects]. PMID- 7347255 TI - [Acute administration of nifedipine in hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 7347256 TI - [Direct and continuous recording of arterial pressure in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7347257 TI - [Case of severe and protracted painless myocardial ischemia in a physically fit and clinically healthy skier upon completion of an endurance competition]. PMID- 7347258 TI - [Beta-block and the pressure response to the DAF test]. PMID- 7347259 TI - [Metoprolol in the treatment of myocardial infarct in the acute stage]. PMID- 7347260 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 7347261 TI - [Conventional, exercise and dynamic electrocardiograms in the study of arrhythmias secondary to ischemic cardiopathy during rehabilitation]. PMID- 7347262 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia in ischemic cardiopathy during the rehabilitative phase]. PMID- 7347263 TI - [Prajmalium bitartrate in the long-term treatment of hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7347264 TI - [Distribution and magnitude of triglyceridemia and risk index (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio) in a population of 94 hospitalized subjects]. PMID- 7347265 TI - [M-mode echocardiographic modifications in acute idiopathic pericarditis]. PMID- 7347266 TI - [Pacing-dependent changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow in normal subjects and patients with stable angina]. PMID- 7347267 TI - [Methods of multivariate analysis for defining the epidemiological indices of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7347268 TI - [Incidence of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarct treated with verapamil, digitalis and a verapamil-digitalis combination]. PMID- 7347269 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in an case of Marfan's syndrome in an adult]. PMID- 7347270 TI - [Cardio-circulatory effects of a new beta-adrenergic agent: clenbuterol]. PMID- 7347271 TI - [Movement of the interventricular septum in the fetal heart. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 7347272 TI - Social stress and child health. PMID- 7347273 TI - Sensitivity of flavoprotein fluorescence to oxidative state in single isolated heart cells. AB - The contribution of flavoprotein fluorescence to redox sensitive cellular autofluorescence was studied in single isolated adult rat heart cells. Fluorescence was measured quantitatively under conditions stimulating flavoprotein fluorescence in cells subjected to no inhibitors (sham), to cyanide, to 2,4-dinitrophenol, and to hypoxia. It was found that fluorescence apparently due to flavoproteins could be measured in single cells, and the fluorescence was sensitive to the redox state of the cell. Comparison with NADH fluorescence from single cells indicated that, while flavoprotein fluorescence was less intense, excitation of flavoproteins caused less bleaching of fluorescence when compared to the effect of excitation on NADH fluorescence. PMID- 7347274 TI - [Circadian rhythm of prolactin release in women and men]. PMID- 7347275 TI - [Growth hormone release during dynamic tests performed on obese patients]. PMID- 7347276 TI - [Evaluation of the gonadotropic function of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency]. PMID- 7347277 TI - [Superior laryngeal nerve injury caused by thyroidectomy]. PMID- 7347278 TI - [Case of Conn syndrome caused by adenoma of the adrenal cortex located by computed tomography]. PMID- 7347279 TI - [Unusual behavior of the growth hormone level during a post-insulin hypoglycemia test in a case of post-traumatic rupture of the continuity of the cervical spinal cord]. PMID- 7347280 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7347281 TI - [Preoperative irradiation and cystectomy for bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 7347282 TI - [Undiagnosed cases of fever of unknown origin]. PMID- 7347283 TI - [Additional primary neoplasms in patients with laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7347284 TI - [Beriberi--case report]. PMID- 7347285 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen infected by Salmonella tennessee]. PMID- 7347286 TI - [Mechanisms of anal continence]. PMID- 7347287 TI - [Referral letters to the emergency room in the evaluation of primary medical services]. PMID- 7347288 TI - [Primary health care--quality of care assessment]. PMID- 7347290 TI - [Development and allocation of medical resources]. PMID- 7347289 TI - [Renal cysts]. PMID- 7347291 TI - [Esophageal ulcers due to doxycycline]. PMID- 7347292 TI - [Primum non nocere]. PMID- 7347293 TI - [Management of external gastrointestinal fistula]. PMID- 7347294 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotics for elective abdominal hysterectomy]. PMID- 7347295 TI - [Pancreatic carcinoma and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7347296 TI - [Free perforation of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7347297 TI - [Slow-release theophylline in childhood asthma]. PMID- 7347298 TI - [Clinical versus histological diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7347299 TI - [Reduction of sigmoid volvulus with the flexible colonoscope]. PMID- 7347300 TI - [Newborn neonatal drug-withdrawal syndrome]. PMID- 7347301 TI - [Topical corticosteroid therapy in Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7347302 TI - [Arterial thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7347303 TI - [Pediculosis capitis]. PMID- 7347304 TI - [The cost of high technology medicine]. PMID- 7347305 TI - [Interrelationship between Legionnaire's disease, water and amebae]. PMID- 7347306 TI - [Biochemical mechanisms of the action of fluorine on the living organism]. PMID- 7347307 TI - [Toxicological problems of inorganic fluorine compounds]. PMID- 7347308 TI - [The degree of exposure of the inhabitants of Krakow to the action of fluorine and its delayed fate in the body]. PMID- 7347309 TI - [Toxic effects of fluorine compounds on the respiratory system]. PMID- 7347310 TI - [Morphochemistry of the human placenta in the Skawina region]. PMID- 7347311 TI - [Effect of fluorides on the locomotor system]. PMID- 7347312 TI - [Enamel, periodontium and oral mucosa in individuals from areas contaminated by industrial gases and dusts containing fluorine compounds]. PMID- 7347313 TI - [Occupational diseases associated with the action of fluorine]. PMID- 7347314 TI - [Functional characteristics of the cardiorespiratory system in workers of an aluminum plant]. PMID- 7347315 TI - Leprosy in children and its impact on community health. PMID- 7347316 TI - Lepromin conversion after repeated lepromin administration. PMID- 7347317 TI - Survey of skin diseases in a village in West Bengal. PMID- 7347318 TI - Trend of socio-demographic characteristics of tubectomy acceptors in a rural area of West Bengal (Singur). PMID- 7347320 TI - A study of burn injury cases from three hospitals. PMID- 7347319 TI - Quantitative effect of family planning programme in India (1965-76). PMID- 7347321 TI - Effect of altitude on persons belonging to different population groups at Simla Hills, India. PMID- 7347322 TI - [Bacilloscopic involution in dimorphous Virchowians treated with sulfones - Comparison with Virchowian patients treated with identical dosage]. AB - The authors compare the bacilloscopic involution in 37 dimorphous Virchowian (DS) patients and in 47 Virchowian (V) patients with definite polarity treated with 200 mg daily of DDS during up to 20 years. After 5 years of treatment the DV patients presented negative bacilloscopy of the nasal mucus in 93% of the cases and of the skin in 81%. The control group of V patients showed, at the same time, negative bacilloscopy of the nasal mucus in 81% of the cases and of the skin only in 29,7%. After 10 years of treatment 19,21% of the DV patients and 32% of the V cases showed positive skin bacilloscopy. It was concluded that the DV patients presented better responses to the sulphone therapy although a Virchowian aggravation had been observed in about one fifth of the DV cases. Considering that the DV patients represent 25% of the group of 150 D patients studied and that the DD and DT did not present a Virchowian aggravation, it was concluded that of the whole D group (DV, DD, DT) 4% of the patients presented Virchowian aggravation in spite of the sulphone treatment. PMID- 7347323 TI - [An unusual case of erythema nodosum leprosum]. AB - An unusual manifestation of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in a female, 24 years old, whose clinical history and picture was suggestive of acute systemic erythematous lupus rather than hanseniasis is described and commented. The diagnosis of ENL was attained only after it was demonstrated the presence of AAR bacilli in the ulcerated lesions. PMID- 7347324 TI - [Some aspects of Hansen's disease in the region of Londrina PR, 1968-1978 - 1. General characteristics]. AB - The authors studied some characteristics of hanseniasis, through registered data, in the Public Health District of Londrina, in the State of Parana, Brazil. As mean finds, they verified that 49,3% of the patients were V + D cases; 29,5% were I cases and 21,2% T cases. "Incidence", in Londrina city, ranged between 6,6 to 18,7 per 100.000 and the prevalence rate, calculated by the last years, was even greater than 3,0 per 1000. The authors concluded that the area is highly endemical for hanseniasis. PMID- 7347325 TI - Positioning of borderline and indetermined groups in the hanseniasis classification. AB - The authors discuss the present conceptions of the hanseniasis classification, establish the main clinical, histological, bacterioscopic and immunological characteristics of the borderline and indeterminate groups. They also believe that the borderline group is genetically pre-determined and show the importance of the indeterminate forms and its evolutionary aspects. They try a schematic process of classification from the Rabello's polar conception and conclude stating that the closing of the borderline groups within itself, with special characteristics, oscillating in a defined spectrum without touching the extremes T and V (L). PMID- 7347326 TI - Advances in skeletal metabolism. PMID- 7347327 TI - Judet's arthromyolysis in the treatment of stiff knee in extension. AB - After a brief historical review of the surgical treatment of long-established stiffness of the knee, and a discussion of the related indications, the authors describe the surgical technique used in their Division of the Rizzoli Institute. Basically, we use Judet's arthromyolysis, but we often perform, as an initial stage, medial arthrolysis without particular concern for the medial collateral ligament. Our results prove that this does not cause instability. Twenty-seven of the thirty knees in our series presented as sequelae of fractures of the femur where there had been complications, or in which immobilisation had been unduly prolonged. Analysis of the results shows that: a) average pre-operative flexion of 25 degrees was increased to 95 degrees, without sacrificing stability; b) section of the collateral ligaments does not cause long term instability; c) proximal disinsertion of the rectus femoris tendon may lead to loss of active extension, although this was always well tolerated; d) persisting pain is always due to the development of arthrosis; e) The age of the patient, the duration and aetiology of the stiffness have no effect on the results. The complications consisted of two cases of skin necrosis and one of infection, but these were quickly resolved and did not affect the end results. PMID- 7347328 TI - The postero-lateral approach for total hip prosthesis. AB - The surgical technique of the postero-lateral approach for total hip prostheses is described. The advantages over the transtrochanteric approach are a smaller blood loss, a shorter operating time and a shorter period of hospitalization. There are no differences in the clinical and radiographic results. The transtrochanteric approach facilitates better biomechanical "reconstruction" of the hip in cases in which the anatomy is abnormal, and is therefore justified in selected cases. PMID- 7347329 TI - Repair of rupture of flexor pollicis longus by "Z" lengthening at the wrist. AB - Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus in the digital canal can be repaired by one of the following methods: a) end-to-end suture, b) tendon grafting, c) transplantation of the flexor sublimis tendon of the ring finger, d) fixation of the proximal stump to the base of the second phalanx following elongation at the wrist. The efficacy of the first two methods has been confirmed by many authors on the basis of extensive clinical experience, but very few reports have been made on the other two techniques. The authors therefore report eleven cases of repair of the flexor pollicis longus by the technique of elongation at the wrist in the hope that this might be of value and might serve to reawaken interest in this method among specialists in hand surgery. PMID- 7347330 TI - Total knee prosthesis. Evolution of the principles and technique and initial results obtained with the total-condylar knee prosthesis "with posterior stability". AB - The principles and details of the surgical technique for the insertion of total knee prostheses are presented, in particular the methods of dealing with the soft tissues, the correction of deformities, and the sequence and details of making the bone sections. The authors deal in detail with the technical characteristics of their modification of the Total-Condylar prosthesis "with posterior stability" and discuss its advantages over the traditional design. The main advantages are increased range of movement and better functional capacity, stability, and distribution of load on the tibial component. No disadvantages have yet been encountered, so the authors recommend the use of this prosthesis in all cases, rather than only in selected cases. PMID- 7347331 TI - Delayed pollicization of the index finger in a case of congenital radial deviation of the hand. PMID- 7347332 TI - Pseudarthrosis of the forearm bones. (Clinical and radiographic survey of 112 operated cases). AB - There are two aims in the surgery of pseudarthrosis in the forearm; consolidation of the fracture, and restoration of function as nearly normal as possible in a part of the musculo-skeletal system which is mechanically controlled by extremely delicate, interdependent, structural units. These aims are, of course, the same as those in the treatment of fresh fractures. The following conclusions emerge from a clinical and radiographic study of 112 operated cases: (a) Sherman's plate has been shown to be an ideal means of synthesis, because of its metallurgical and physical qualities, which enable it to adapt excellently to an irregular bone surface. (b) Plate fixation is supplemented by an appositional cortical transplant. This also plays a definite mechanical role, both because of the firm grip that it affords to the screws when the bone stumps are atrophic, which they often are, and because it is isoelastic with the recipient's tissue. Two cortical grafts are sometimes used instead of a plate and graft. (c) The best functional results are obtained when the leverage of the forearm has been anatomically restored. PMID- 7347333 TI - Biochemical changes in the articular cartilage of the patella and femoral condyles in the lateral hyperpatellar syndrome. AB - The biochemical changes in the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles and the patella were studied during the earliest stage of patello-femoral arthrosis, with particular reference to chondromalacia of the patella in the "lateral hypertension syndrome", with the object of comparing them with the results obtained by Boni et al. (1977) in the initial phases of experimental arthrosis induced in rabbits by means of vitamin A. The biochemical determinations were done on samples of cartilage removed at operation from the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the medial and lateral patellar articular facets in ten patients. The biopsy samples were fixed in 80% alcohol and dried in the oven at 50 degrees C for twenty-four hours. The hexosamine and hydroxyproline content was then determined. This investigation demonstrated significant biochemical changes in this syndrome in the four areas examined. The data obtained indicate that only the mucopolysaccharide component of the joint cartilage is involved at this stage. The most interesting finding was marked diminution in the galactosamine/glucosamine ratio, which was markedly diminished - the opposite of what occurs in established arthrosis. These data appear to be identical with those found in the early phases of vitamin A induced arthrosis in experimental rabbits. The diminution of hexosamine content and the diminished galactosamine/glucosamine ratio were more marked in the femoral condyles, which appeared to have few lesions macroscopically. These changes were also present in both articular facets of patella, but were less marked, probably because the degeneration was more advanced in those areas, thus more closely resembling frank arthrosis. PMID- 7347334 TI - Histochemical study of human epiphyseal cartilage. AB - A histochemical study, based on the distribution and state of aggregation of the macromolecular components of the matrix, was performed on epiphyseal cartilage from the femur, tibia and fibula of subjects aged between 11 and 14 years. Different histochemical behaviour was demonstrated between the longitudinal septa, which calcify, and the transverse septa, which are broken down without any mineral deposition. In these two sectors of the extracellular matrix, proteoglycans, glycoproteins and phospholipids are distributed and aggregated differently, as was also shown by extraction of the cartilage in guanidine chloride. The calcified cartilaginous matrix and the osteoid margins are intensely PAS positive, probably due to glycoproteins involved in the process of laying down mineral deposits. PAS positive granulations, resistant to digestion with alpha-amylase, and probably of lysosomal nature, are present between the capillary loops, and the transverse septa may be involved in the process of degradation of the cartilaginous matrix in which no minerals have been deposited. PMID- 7347335 TI - Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome). PMID- 7347336 TI - Acute spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. AB - Some aspects of the pathogenesis of acute spinal epidural haematoma are still obscure. However, if the possibility of an iatrogenic lesion is excluded, it must be assumed that there is a congenital or acquired vascular lesion, or else a haemorrhagic diathesis, with minimal trauma or repeated effort acting as a trigger factor. In the vast majority of cases, the syndrome of medullary of cauda equina compression by an acute epidural haematoma has a sudden onset in apparently healthy individuals after a normal amount of effort. In such circumstances the search for predisposing causes can only be speculative. In the present case, there were severe arthrosic changes, whose effect on the dural sac was demonstrable myelographically, but which was previously asymptomatic. Treatment is exclusively surgical. It is effective the earlier it is undertaken. The need for emergency surgery is clearly demonstrated by its inefficacy if delayed for twenty-four hours after the onset of the symptoms. PMID- 7347337 TI - Familial incidence in two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 7347338 TI - Mechanical arrestment of bone growth for the correction of pedal deformities. PMID- 7347339 TI - Tarsometatarsal fracture dislocations: an alternate technique for closed reduction. PMID- 7347340 TI - Treatment of forefoot valgus (nontotal): a new surgical approach by split extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer. PMID- 7347341 TI - Osteoid osteoma: a literature review and case report. PMID- 7347342 TI - The diagnosis and conservative treatment of calcaneal fractures--a review. PMID- 7347343 TI - Foreign body localization and retrieval in the foot. PMID- 7347344 TI - Atypical neuroma of the lateral fifth metatarsal head. AB - Typically, neuromas are found between the second and third, the third and fourth, and the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads. Fourteen cases were reviewed in which neuromas or perineural fibrotic tissue was discovered lateral to the fifth metatarsal head. The neuromas were discovered when osteotomies were performed to locate or correct a deformity of the fifth metatarsal head. In these cases, the practitioners observed pain that was out of proportion to the clinical lesion present. This observation accompanied each patient's report of a chronic burning sensation on the fifth metatarsal head. PMID- 7347345 TI - Bilateral, spontaneous calcaneal fractures in a diabetic. PMID- 7347346 TI - Neurilemoma of the foot: a case report. PMID- 7347347 TI - The differential diagnosis of lower extremity ulcerations. PMID- 7347348 TI - Hexose monophosphate shunt metabolism in sheep: comparison of fetal, newborn and adult erythrocytes. AB - Glucose utilization through the hexose monophosphate shunt was measured in erythrocytes from fetal sheep, newborn lambs and adult pregnant sheep. Fetal erythrocytes demonstrate dramatically increased glucose oxidation in the presence of the oxidant new methylene blue. This response declines by birth and thereafter until adult sheep erythrocytes show no response. No stimulation was observed in adult sheep red cells under a number of conditions, although when adult sheep red cells were separated according to cell age, young cells were found to respond greatly to new methylene blue. When the rate of glucose oxidation after new methylene blue stimulation is correlated with in vitro glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, a highly significant relationship is seen. This suggests that developmental changes in glucose oxidation by sheep red cells may be due to similar changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The relationship also suggests that mature adult erythrocytes may be unable to respond to oxidants because of their low glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7347349 TI - Substrate concentration changes during pregnancy in the conscious rat. AB - Weight gain, food intake and blood metabolite concentrations were investigated in conscious pregnant and non-pregnant rats. A silastic catheter was inserted under light diethyl ether anaesthesia into the carotid artery. Surgery did not significantly affect the weight gain or food intake in pregnant and non-pregnant rats compared with non-operated females. Blood glucose concentration, which was constant during the last half of pregnancy, was 1.4-fold lower than in non pregnant rats. Blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations were similar in non pregnant and in pregnant animals until 16.5 days of gestation. Then blood lactate concentration was increased by 50% between 16.5 days of gestation and term, whereas in the same period of pregnancy, blood pyruvate concentration was unchanged. Blood alanine concentration was increased by 150% from 13.5 days of gestation to term. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration increased progressively during the second half of pregnancy to reach values 2-fold higher than in non-pregnant rats. Blood ketone bodies concentrations were unchanged during pregnancy and similar to those observed in non-pregnant animals. PMID- 7347350 TI - The development of cold-induced thermogenesis in hamsters. AB - The onset of the thermogenic response to cold exposure in hamsters was studied in relation to the development of brown adipose tissue. The daily weight increment of hamsters reared in animal house conditions was first determined. Organ weights in animals with body weights within +/- 1 SD of mean were obtained at intervals between 0 and 20 days of age. Adipose tissue increased rapidly in weight between days 10 and 15, but the fat content of cervical adipose tissue fell. Electronmicroscopic studies reveal that there had been a dramatic increase in the number and size of the mitochondria. Serial measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption showed an initial increase in minimal rate over the first 4 days of life followed by a larger increment from 8 to 16 days of age. On day 12 most hamsters shivered vigorously but had a poor and variable thermogenic response to cold. By day 16 all showed an impressive increase in heat production in the cold. It would appear that thermogenesis in response to cold exposure awaits the development of brown adipose tissue. PMID- 7347351 TI - Malpractice law and the gastroenterologist. PMID- 7347352 TI - The "early" ulcerative lesion of Crohn's disease: correlative light- and scanning electron-microscopic studies. AB - Submucosal edema and lymphectasia have traditionally been considered the earliest recognizable alterations in Crohn's disease. However, a characteristic pattern of ulceration grossly resembling the oral lesions of aphthous stomatitis is believed by others to be the earliest macroscopic lesion. We have studied 50 consecutively accessioned surgical specimens with Crohn's disease in an effort to define more thoroughly the frequency, distribution, and morphology of these "aphthoid" ulcers. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used in the study because an understanding of the morphology and evolution of these lesions requires an appreciation of their three-dimensional configuration. Typical "aphthoid" ulcers were identified in 35 of the 50 specimens studied. Grossly the typical ulcerative lesion varies from barely visible up to 3 mm in diameter. They have a characteristic light-microscopic appearance consisting of focal ulceration usually overlying an aggregate of lymphoid tissue. The SEM was helpful in identifying the smallest of these lesions and was especially useful in defining a variety of villous abnormalities in the small bowel mucosa adjacent to the ulcers. PMID- 7347353 TI - A comparison of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiography. AB - One hundred symptomatic patients were evaluated independently with upper gastrointestinal radiography and fiberoptic endoscopy, and the results were compared. Of the two endoscopists sequentially examining the same patient, one was informed of available clinical and radiographic details and the other was not. Knowledge of the x-ray examination by the informed endoscopist did not improve his accuracy. Each endoscopist made four errors of interpretation. The endoscopic and x-ray findings agreed in 46 of the 100 patients, most often (68%) in esophagus, least often (29%) in the stomach and half the time (45%) in the duodenum. Ulcer craters seen endoscopically were detected radiographically in 36% of patients. We conclude that: 1) knowledge of results of prior upper gastrointestinal radiography did not alter endoscopic results; 2) experienced endoscopists are accurate but make mistakes; and 3) endoscopic findings would have been unaltered had radiography not been performed. PMID- 7347354 TI - "Skinny" upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--the initial diagnostic tool: a prospective comparison of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiology. AB - One hundred twenty-five patients were prospectively evaluated with upper gastrointestinal "skinny" endoscopy and radiology. Seventy-five patients underwent endoscopic examination before barium studies, whereas 50 patients underwent radiologic examination before endoscopy. If superficial mucosal erosions are eliminated, the areas of greatest disagreement occurred in the postoperative stomach, the deformed antrum, and the deformed duodenal bulb. We conclude that 1) a barium meal is not a prerequisite to a complete endoscopic examination by a trained endoscopist, 2) a barium meal following an adequate endoscopic examination usually adds little new information, and 3) "skinny" endoscopic examination can be utilized as the initial and usually the only diagnostic test in most patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 7347355 TI - The effectiveness of panendoscopy on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions about chronic abdominal pain. AB - To evaluate the impact of panendoscopy on diagnosis and management, we asked several gastroenterologists to state their diagnoses, management plans, and confidence in these plans before performing endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal or thoracic pain; and to repeat the same decisions after endoscopy. To evaluate acceptance of the procedure, patients were later interviewed about their discomfort during its performance. To check the way that changes in diagnosis may have affected patient management, we formed six diagnostic groups that roughly correspond to differing treatments. The postendoscopic diagnostic groupings revealed two unsuspected cancers and disagreed with the original classification in 38 (45%) of 84 patients. Dramatic or substantial changes in management occurred in 37 (44%) patients, but often did not correspond to changes in diagnosis. Conversely, management was often unchanged despite alterations in diagnosis. Patients expressed about equal preferences for barium meal as for panendoscopy, and 75% would have agreed to a repeat endoscopy without hesitation. Although the ultimate benefits of postendoscopy management changes were not ascertained, we believe that these results support the use of panendoscopy in patients with persistent and unexplained symptoms. PMID- 7347356 TI - Atypical biliary cirrhosis--or sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Four patients had a characteristic cholestatic syndrome intermediate between primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and sclerosing cholangitis (SC). These patients with atypical biliary cirrhosis (ABC) differ from patients with PBC in that they do not have either antimitochondrial antibodies or elevated IgM, are younger, and three of the four are men. Patients with ABC differ from those with SC in that the common duct, hepatic duct, the right and left hepatic ducts and their immediate tributaries show none of the changes characteristic and diagnostic of SC. The findings in ABC which are similar to PBC are: 1) the earliest biopsy finding of the disease is confined to the interlobular duct and is indistinguishable from PBC; 2) late changes on cholangiogram are similar to those in a proportion of patients with PBC; and 3) the incidence of gallstones is increased. ABC has no similarity to SC except that the small intrahepatic ducts are affected by both diseases. The histologic features in fully established ABC suggest extrahepatic bile duct obstruction because of the predominantly PMN leukocytes portal inflammation. The cholangiograms show no evidence of bile duct obstruction, but there is rapid attenuation and narrowing of the smaller intrahepatic bile duct. Cholecystectomy does not improve the clinical course of ABC. PMID- 7347357 TI - Lack of transmission of type B hepatitis by fiberoptic upper endoscopy. AB - We prospectively investigated the possibility that type B hepatitis might be transmitted during fiberoptic endoscopy from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients to others subsequently endoscoped. All 186 patients having upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 6-month period at the Washington, D.C., Veterans Administration Medical Center had a blood sample obtained at the time of the procedure. Three patients were found to be HBsAG-positive and 45 others to have either antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Follow-up evaluation for evidence of type B hepatitis and hepatitis B virus infection was possible in only 76% of patients. One patient developed type B hepatitis. This patient's endoscopy did not follow endoscopy of any known HBsAg positive individual, but he had received five units of blood 5 months before hepatitis developed. No other patient showed clinical, biochemical, or serologic evidence of hepatitis during the follow-up period. These data suggest that transmission of type B hepatitis during fiberoptic endoscopy is rare, if it occurs at all, and support the current policy of not sterilizing the fiberoptic endoscope between procedures and of not routinely screening patients for HBsAg. PMID- 7347358 TI - Crohn's disease of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, anus, and rectum. AB - A 23-year-old white women complained of sore throat and difficulty in breathing. Examination of her larynx revealed chronic inflammatory changes of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds, and a biopsy demonstrated chronic granulomatous reaction. Six months later she developed chronic diarrhea, rectal pain, and typical anorectal findings of Crohn's disease. Biopsy of the anus revealed the same microscopic features as in the laryngeal structures. Treatment in keeping with the acceptable but limited measures for Crohn's disease brought improvement in both areas of inflammation. We feel this patient has Crohn's disease in the larynx, involvement which preceded that of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7347360 TI - Endoscopy: a brief encounter? PMID- 7347359 TI - Hypertonic upper esophageal sphincter in the oculopharyngeal syndrome. AB - The oculopharyngeal syndrome (OPS) is a rare variant of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive ptosis and dysphagia. Previous esophageal motility studies in OPS have yielded conflicting results because of low-fidelity esophageal recording systems. Although cricopharyngeal myotomy improves symptoms, accurate postoperative manometric findings have not been reported. Using a low compliance, high-fidelity system and a radially oriented esophageal motility catheter in an OPS patient we found a hypertonic upper esophageal sphincter (UES), a hypotonic proximal esophagus, and elevated pressures in the distal two thirds with prolonged duration of contraction. Clinical improvement followed myotomy. We also found a similar manometric pattern but a normotensive UES in an asymptomatic sibling. PMID- 7347361 TI - Nurse-supervised education of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Patient educational programs supervised by non-physicians are becoming popular, but comparison of their effect on outcome with that of physician teaching is limited. We developed a nurse-supervised class for patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Primary physicians referred patients to the program. The patient's initial knowledge and the program's excellent cognitive effect were unrelated to demographic and symptom data. One hundred twelve consecutive patients were alternately given appointments either with the class or with a gastroenterologist. Although failed appointments and inappropriate referrals excluded some patients, the remainder of the two groups were similar with regard to demographic and symptom data and their return rate of follow-up questionnaires. They reported equivalent symptomatic improvement and therapeutic compliance after 2 weeks and 2 months. The program's success prompts us to continue this form of patient education. PMID- 7347362 TI - Endoscopy and papillotomy in diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), the most advanced of the gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, provides both specific diagnostic information pertaining to diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas and definitive therapy available only with this modality. ERCP is safe and accurate, establishing a primary diagnosis in 80% of cases and, in experienced hands, cannulation is successful in 98%. In addition to cholangiography, pancreatography has been a significant achievement providing accurate diagnostic yield through direct cannulation and opacification of the pancreatic duct while permitting collection of secretions for cytological evaluation and chemical analyses. The therapeutic extension of ERCP, endoscopic papillotomy (EPT), is successful in 94% of cases in the treatment of common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis, providing comparable results to surgical procedures while reducing morbidity, mortality and convalescence. Because of the accuracy and safety of these procedures, they should be considered early in suspected diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas so that the clinician can establish a specific diagnosis and provide definitive therapy. PMID- 7347363 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome colitis. AB - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome has varied prodromal symptoms. In a few patients the dominant initial gastrointestinal symptoms have led to a presumptive diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. The colitis tends to be self-limited, to have minimal lesions detected by proctoscopic or roentgenographic studies, and usually to resolve spontaneous without specific therapy. Rarely, more serious colonic involvement can progress to toxic megacolon, rectal prolapse, colonic perforation, intussusception, or colonic stricture. Early hemodialysis will reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with severe renal impairment. The physician should be aware of this entity when young patients present with a picture compatible with ulcerative colitis in order to circumvent delayed or inappropriate management of what would appear to be a primary bowel disorder. PMID- 7347364 TI - Intramural hematoma of the duodenum complicating peroral jejunal biopsy with a Watson capsule. PMID- 7347365 TI - Prior abdominal surgery does not affect length of insertion of rigid sigmoidoscope. PMID- 7347366 TI - Education and examination of patients by nonphysicians. PMID- 7347367 TI - Use of nonphysicians in traditional physician areas. PMID- 7347368 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy in the high-risk and aging patient with biliary tract disease. PMID- 7347369 TI - Clinical applications of the measurement of portal venous pressure. PMID- 7347370 TI - 24-hour pH monitoring in the study of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7347371 TI - Computed tomography of benign and malignant gastric abnormalities. PMID- 7347372 TI - Recognition and management of chronic atherosclerotic occlusive peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 7347373 TI - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7347374 TI - [Characteristic of of the topography of changes in pt rabbit-brain during development of clinical symptoms and in the chronic course of the disease]. PMID- 7347375 TI - [Impairments of periventricular white matter in the newborn brain and the intravascular clotting syndrome]. PMID- 7347376 TI - [Effect of exogenous vasopressin on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of the rat brain]. PMID- 7347377 TI - [Electron-microscopic studies of the secretory neurons of the supraotic and paraventricular nuclei in water deprived rats]. PMID- 7347378 TI - [Neuronal changes in rat brain following intoxication with Cynkotox]. PMID- 7347379 TI - [Effect of hemodilution on the electron microscopic picture of experimental brain edema]. PMID- 7347380 TI - Systemic analysis of the problem "pathophysiological mechanisms of development of brain edema". PMID- 7347381 TI - [Significance of neuropathological diagnostics in a neurologic clinic]. PMID- 7347382 TI - [Effect of normobaric hyperoxia on the cerebral cortex during its development with special reference to changes in the lungs]. PMID- 7347383 TI - [Correlation between the morphological and clinical characteristics in astrocytomas and supratentorial oligodendrogliomas]. PMID- 7347384 TI - [Demonstration of a lectin-like factor in the serum of cystic fibrosis gene carriers--a new heterozygote test?]. PMID- 7347385 TI - [Echocardiographic findings (M-mode-echocardiography) in a double-chambered right ventricle]. PMID- 7347386 TI - [Relation between benign febrile convulsions and epilepsy]. PMID- 7347387 TI - Intercellular junctions between femoral arterial smooth muscle cells of renal hypertensive rats. AB - Vascular smooth muscle from femoral arteries of hypertensive rats contract autorhythmically in vitro, whereas medial smooth muscle cells from normotensive animals are normally quiescent. This behavior suggests improved intercellular communication that permits pacemakers to control large numbers of cells. We used a transmission electron microscope to search for structural evidence of such change. In the medial arterial tissue of hypertensive rats, we found pedishaped projections extending from one cell and forming a close apposition with the smooth muscle surface of a neighboring cell. Comparable structures were not found in the normotensive controls. However, numerous other forms of close appositions were found in the tissues from the hypertensive and normotensive rats. The presence of the unique pedishaped projections in the hypertensive tissue suggest a physical means of intercellular communication permitting enhanced pacemaker influence. Perhaps these projections are formed in response to the hormonal environment seen prior to and during renal hypertension. PMID- 7347388 TI - Appearance of grossly-visible aortic sclerosis in breeder rats: reconfirmation and up-date, 1957-1981. AB - Multiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were killed at 7, 14, and 21 days of gestation, at parturition, after 7, 14 and 21 days of lactation, and at 7 and 14 days post weaning of their fourth reproductive cycle. Grossly visible aortic sclerosis appeared and became progressively more severe during gestation, parturition, and early lactation. Although some of the female breeders had no detectable, grossly visible aortic sclerosis, all of the 4-time breeders had microscopic aortic sclerosis. Progressive deterioration of the aortic elastic tissue and ground substance was particularly prevalent during the gestation and lactation phases. Calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia appeared during the post-weaning phase. Virgin control rats, equal in age to the 4-time breeders, were completely free of arterial disease. It is believed that abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in association with repeated breeding conditions these animals toward premature arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7347389 TI - A comparative study of the arterial tissue metabolism in atherosensitive and atheroresistant species. I. Comparison between rabbit and rat aortas. AB - Twenty eight enzymatic activities and four macromolecular substances have been histochemically compared in rat and rabbit aortas, embedded in a common block. The study was carried out at different stages of development: 3 days, 3 months, 7 9 months and 17-19 months. In addition, lipase and cholinesterase were biochemically assayed in adult rat and rabbit aortas. The rat aortas (atheroresistant) had a better supply of aerobic oxidoreductases [linked to the pentose pathway (G6PD, 6PGD) as well as to the Krebs cycle (SD, ICD)], lipolytic enzymes (acid esterases, cholinesterase, lipase), lysosomal enzymes (acid PH/ase, Aryl-sulf/ase - Betaglu/ase), ADPase - ATPase - AlK Ph/ase Alpha GPD and acid lipids. Rabbit aortas (atherosensitive) were richer in metachromatic GAG, UDPGD (GAG Anabolism), glycogen, and related enzymes (phosphorylase, glycogen synthetase) as well as 5'-nucleotidase, Beta HBD, Lactate D and Aldolase. These differences support the hypothesis that arterial atherosensitivity is related to the activity and efficiency of smooth muscle cell energetic and catabolic processes, which govern the behaviour of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates as they penetrate the arterial wall. The factors that determine the proliferative and sclerogenic responses of arterial tissues to aggressions and, in particular, the response to lipids, remain, however, to be determined. PMID- 7347390 TI - Angiotoxic effects of dietary 7-ketocholesterol in chick aorta. AB - Although dietary 1-ketocholesterol treatment had little effect on plasma and liver lipid metabolism, aortas from chickens treated with 7-ketocholesterol contained numerous dead and dying smooth muscle cells. Chicks receiving dietary cholesterol, in amounts equal to or greater than the amount of 7-ketocholesterol, did not demonstrate significant smooth muscle cell degeneration. After eight weeks, a combined diet of 1% cholesterol plus 10-20 mg/day 1-ketocholesterol produced no larger amounts of aortic lipid deposition, and no greater increases in smooth muscle cell degeneration than a comparable group receiving 7 ketocholesterol alone. The abdominal aorta was always more severely damaged than the ascending arch or thoracic aorta in chicks fed 7-ketocholesterol. The results demonstrate a potent angiotoxic effect of 7-ketocholesterol. PMID- 7347391 TI - Aortic atherosclerosis in hypertensive rabbits treated with anti-hypertensive agents having different effects on arterial flow disturbances. 1. Extent of surface involvement. AB - Hypertension may be considered a disorder of increased energy in the blood, with two components: increased pressure energy may promote arteriolar disease, whereas arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis may be more closely related to flow disturbances (turbulence, boundary layer separation, high shear, or axial stream impingement) due to increased kinetic energy. Previous studies have shown that hydralazine aggravates turbulence in stenosed carotid arteries, whereas propranolol diminishes turbulence. To assess the effect of these drugs on the progression of atherosclerosis, the drugs were administered subcutaneously to rabbits made hypertensive (one kidney Goldblatt) and hypercholesterolemic (1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks). Appropriate controls with normal, only hypertensive and hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic untreated rabbits were employed. A total of 36 rabbits was used. The extent of the aortic surface involvement with atherosclerotic lesions was assessed by morphometric analysis of magnified photographs. Although the extent or surface involvement did not differ significantly between the untreated or treated hypertensive rabbits, there was an interesting difference in the relationship between blood pressure and extent of surface involvement. In the untreated and hydralazine treated rabbits, there was a direct correlation between increasing blood pressure and extent of lesions; in the propranolol treated group, this relationship was abolished. PMID- 7347392 TI - Morphology of the medullary chemosensitive fields. 1. Mapping of the neuronal matrix by a horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - A modified horseradish peroxidase labelling technique was used to study the distribution pattern of neurons in the central chemosensitive fields of the medulla oblongata of cats. In several cryosectioned medullae a mapping of superficially located HRP-labelled neurons was achieved. The distribution and configuration of the labelled neurons indicate that most of them belong to the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis. However, by varying the time of incubation it was possible to identify different types of neurons. On the basis of certain aspects of the HRP incorporation mode and neuronal topography a specific type of small-sized neurons has been identified. Some functional implications of these small neurons with respect to their possible chemosensitive activity are discussed. PMID- 7347393 TI - The effects upon urinary excretion of distension of the isolated pulmonary arteries in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. The experiments were carried out to determine whether localized pulmonary arterial distension caused changes in the renal excretion of water and solutes. 2. When pulmonary arterial pouch pressure was maintained constant at low pressure 0.5-1.6 KPa (4-12 mm Hg) urinary excretion of sodium remained relatively constant over a period of 110 min. 3. Increasing pulmonary arterial pouch pressure by 3.6 KPa (27 mm Hg) did not cause changes in systemic pressure or solute excretion. Increasing pulmonary arterial pouch pressure by 6.7 KPa (50 mm Hg) increased systemic arterial pressure and caused a small increase in sodium excretion. 4. In dogs prepared in similar fashion but with one kidney totally isolated and perfused at constant pressure, increasing pulmonary arterial pouch pressure by 9.3 KPa (70 mm Hg), increased systemic arterial pressure, osmolal clearance and solute excretion from the intact kidney. There were no changes in urinary excretion from the isolated perfused kidney. 5. The increase in solute excretion associated with pulmonary arterial distension is most likely to be due to haemodynamic effects on the kidney possible accompanied by changes in renal nerve activity. PMID- 7347394 TI - Continuous recording of intrapulmonary "compressed air" as a sensitive noninvasive method of measuring bronchial obstruction in guinea pigs. AB - The method presented is based on whole-body plethysmography. The apparatus consisted of two chambers (a = respiratory, b = body chamber) separated by a tight water-filled rubber cuff which was fixed around the head of the animal. Experiments were performed under constant gas conditions: temperature 30 degrees C, 100% relative humidity, the volumes of the two chamber being identical. Volume changes in the chamber (delta Va, delta Vb) were recorded continuously by means of pressure transducers. Respiratory flow was calculated by differentiation of delta Va with respect to time. The three parameters delta Va, delta Vb and respiratory flow allowed the calculation of breathing frequency, inspiration/expiration ratio, (peak) expiratory flow and specific airway conductance. In addition we describe a new parameter indicating bronchial obstruction: a graphical plot of delta Vb against delta Va produces a closed loop, the area of which reflects the degree of airway obstruction, and we read off the parameter we term "compressed air" from this graph. In our hands this parameter was more than ten times as sensitive as other measures of bronchial obstruction. Using this new technique we have carried out pharmacological studies with eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), 2-aminomethyl 4-t-butyl-6-iodophenol (MK 447 = radical scavenger), the histamine antagonist clemastine and the histamine antagonist cimetidine. In allergen-tested animals we observed mild protective effects of ETYA when given as an aerosol (3 mg) and pronounced effects of MK 447 (4 mg i.p.). Combined H1 H2-antagonism was much more effective in preventing allergen-induced bronchial obstruction than H1-antagonism alone. PMID- 7347395 TI - Cell finder speeds impalements with microelectrodes. PMID- 7347396 TI - Evaluation of irradiated Dallon vascular grafts. PMID- 7347397 TI - Biological and surgical evaluation of woven vascular grafts. PMID- 7347398 TI - [Properties of vascular grafts with a velour inner surface]. PMID- 7347399 TI - [The influence of an electric charge on thromboelastographic examinations of human blood]. PMID- 7347400 TI - [Findings on neurotic mutism in children. An examination of 32 mutistic children]. PMID- 7347401 TI - [Differential effects of multidimensional speech therapy]. PMID- 7347402 TI - [Death of the father and its significance for the further development of the child: a retrospective study]. PMID- 7347403 TI - [Interference tendency in children with minimal cerebral dysfunction (MCD)]. PMID- 7347404 TI - [Problem of social desirability in the determination of career choice motives of aspiring educators]. PMID- 7347405 TI - [Parent and educator training for interaction with aggressive children]. PMID- 7347407 TI - [2d Lymphography Workshop]. PMID- 7347406 TI - Interfaces. A communications case book for mental health decision makers. Committee on Mental Health Services Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. PMID- 7347408 TI - [Rare causes of chromium allergy in Poland]. PMID- 7347409 TI - [Coexistence of urticaria and noninfectious catarrh of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7347410 TI - [New method of epidermal use of xenon133 in experimental studies on blood flow in the skin]. PMID- 7347411 TI - [Pemphigus herpetiformis: a new variant of pemphigus]. PMID- 7347412 TI - [Unusual case of localized pretibial myxedema]. PMID- 7347413 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis of the hands]. PMID- 7347414 TI - [Liquid nitrogen treatment of alopecia areata]. PMID- 7347415 TI - Association of Vibrio cholerae mutants with the intestinal mucosa of infant mice. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the nature of association of mutant strains of Vibrio cholerae to infant mouse intestinal segments. Parental strain Inaba CA 401 was compared to the following mutant phenotypes: nonchemotactic, nonchemotactic reduced motility, flagellated nonmotile, nonflagellated nonmotile, and mucin nonutilizing. The virulence of the different strains was determined by oral-intra-gastric inoculation of seven-day-old mice. Localization of the parental strain during the course of infection in the patent gut of infant mice was followed by the fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. The highly virulent parental strain rapidly penetrated intervillus spaces in the upper and lower regions of the small intestine. By SEM the organism also associated markedly with the mucosal surface of intestinal segments. However, the vibrios were associated predominately with the intestinal mucin rather than the epithelial cell surfaces of villi. Nonchemotactic vibrios retained full virulence and ability to associate with the mucosa. The nonchemotactic strain with a reduced rate of motility was partially deficient in these properties. Nonmotile vibrios of either type were markedly reduced in both properties. The mucin nonutilizing strain associated normally but was weakly virulent. Low virulence of this strain may be due to a reduced ability of the organisms to multiply in the mucin. PMID- 7347416 TI - Campylobacter fetus ss. Jejuni, a newly recognized enteric pathogen: morphology and intestinal colonization. AB - Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has recently been recognized as a frequent enteric pathogen of man. Although long known as a significant pathogen of domestic animals, little is known regarding mechanisms of colonization and pathogenesis. In an effort to study the colonization and morphology of this organism, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine ilea and colons from mice in which a human isolate of C. fetus ss. jejuni had been inoculated. When inoculated into the ileum of the mice, a transient colonization was observed by 24 hours and had disappeared by 48 hours. Colonization of the colon first appeared at 48 hours and persisted at least three weeks. When inoculated directly into the colon, colonization appeared within 24 hours in the colon and persisted at least 16 days. Severe colonic necrosis and mucosal degeneration were observed in colons only in those mice which were inoculated via the colon. In the infected colons, the C. fetus ss. jejuni organisms were enmeshed in a fibrous network which may play a role in the attachment of bacteria to the mucosal surface. Differences between the morphology of C. fetus ss. jejuni in the mouse model and that found in pure culture were observed and may represent distinct tissue and culture phases of growth. PMID- 7347417 TI - Effects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis on ependymal cells of the porcine lateral ventricles as observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - Porcine lateral ventricular ependymal cells were used to study the effects of infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis on the central nervous system (CNS) of pigs. After cerebral or cerebrospinal inoculation, cellular sequential changes were observed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Strains of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis were recovered from infected tissues at 1 and 3 weeks postinoculation. The mycoplasmas caused lesions of ependymal cells. Degenerative processes ranged from loss of microvilli and cilia to membrane breakdown and invasion of cells. The results suggest that mycoplasmas cause ependymal cytopathological effects similar to those that they cause in ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea and lung. Both M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain ill-defined CNS disorders in swine. The potential value of using both SEM and TEM to observe the effects of mycoplasmal infection on ependymal cells of the porcine CNS was demonstrated. PMID- 7347418 TI - Scanning electron microscopy and human sperm pathology. AB - This paper has been carried out in order to inquire whether some of the best known human malformations can be recognized by scanning electron microscopy. The SEM appearance of "straight tailed", "empty tailed", "short tailed", "round headed", "double", "old" human spermatozoa is described, and related to the inner structure. Straight tails and empty tails are quite evident at SEM. These defects are due to severe axonemal defects, related to dynein and tubulin deficiencies: "9+0", "arm less" and "axoneme less" spermatozoa are included in this category. Short tails and round heads are still more evident defects, due to complete absence of tail structures or acrosome and easily recognizable at SEM. Double spermatozoa are consistently in patients having abnormally high prolactin level and SEM is obviously sufficient for the diagnosis. Finally, spermatozoa in aged individuals show in SEM a peculiar shape due to absence of immature stages, reduced cytoplasm, disordered axoneme. It is concluded that SEM examination is a good tool for the identification of most of the best known human sperm abnormalities. PMID- 7347419 TI - SEM cryofracture study of ovarian follicles of immature rats. AB - Follicles were examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) following preparation of cryofractured specimens of rat ovaries. After perfusion fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered at pH 7.4 with 0.1M cacodylate, ovaries were trimmed of fat and decapsulated, fixed for an additional 12 hours, washed in distilled H2O for 20 hours and postfixed in 1% OsO4 in distilled H2O for 30 minutes. Following a brief wash, ovaries were dehydrated in a linear gradient of dist. H2O/ethanol, frozen in Freon 22, cryofractured under liquid nitrogen, brought to 1 degree C in ethanol, and critical point dried from CO2. Follicles cleaved through their oocytes were examined with SEM to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of developing and atretic follicles revealed by cryofracture. Cytoplasmic arrays of parallel sheets, nucleoli and microvilli were prominent structures of cryofractured oocytes. Numerous cytoplasmic projections of granulosa cells and oocyte microvilli penetrated the zonae pellucida of preantral follicles. The numbers of oocyte microvilli were greatly diminished in large antral follicles. Other structures made prominent by cryofracture included cell nuclei, a microvillous border at the granulosa-theca boundary, and numerous holes in the cytoplasm of thecal cells which correspond in size and distribution to the liquid droplets in these cells. The soluble proteins and glycoproteins of the follicular fluid were visualized as a homogeneous granular precipitate. The disappearance of oocyte microvilli and granulosa cell projections from the zonae pellucida and the blebbing of granulosa cells at the surface of the antral cavity appeared characteristic of an early stage of follicular atresia. Increased numbers of holes in thecal cells, oocyte fragmentation, and extensive dissociation and fragmentation of granulosa cells were typical of more advanced stages of atresia. PMID- 7347420 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of mucosal biopsies of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - There have been comparatively few scanning electron microscopic studies of mucosal biopsies of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. This report deals with the results of scanning electron microscopy of 21 mucosal biopsies: 7 esophageal, 2 from the gastroesophageal junction, 3 gastric and 9 duodenal biopsies. Mucosal biopsies were obtained at the time of fiberoptic endoscopy and were placed immediately into 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. After post-fixation and removal of mucus, tissue was processed by means of the O T-O method, Dehydrated, critical point dried with CO2 and examined at 20kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of mucosal biopsies of the esophagus shows a mosaic pattern. Cell borders are clearly demarcated and there are find microridges on the luminal surface. There are varying degrees of detachment and desquamation of the superficial cells. Acute esophagitis was observed in 2 of the biopsies. At the gastro-esophageal junction, the squamous epithelium of the esophagus abuts in a jagged manner upon the columnar epithelium of the stomach. The SEM appearance of the gastric mucosa is characterized by the presence of hillocks with central depressions formed by the gastric pits. Flattening of the hillocks and invagination into the gastric pits were seen in a biopsy of a fold at a Billroth I anastomosis. The villi of the duodenal mucosa form tongue-like of finger-like projections. The luminal surface of the absorptive cells has a dense covering of microvilli. The openings of goblet cells are studied on the mucosa as minute depressed foci. Varying degrees of an acute inflammatory reaction were present in 5 duodenal biopsies. It is concluded that SEM should prove to be of value as an aid in the diagnosis of mucosal biopsies of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7347421 TI - The role of fibronectin and substrate size in attachment of rat bone marrow cells to an osteoinductive matrix. AB - Culturing bone marrow cells in the presence of osteoinductive demineralized bone matrix particles results in increased cell proliferation. We have previously reported that this response is substrate specific and is not observed when cells are cultured with glass beads or collagenous tail tendon particles. In the present investigation, we show that a bone matrix particle size of less than 70 micrometers or greater then 420 micrometers is not supportive of cell attachment, as observed by the scanning electron microscope and that subsequent cell proliferation, as measured by DNA content, does not occur. The attachment of the bone marrow cells to bone matrix particles is dependent upon fibronectin, a serum glycoprotein. When serum was absent in the culture medium, cell attachment was still observed. Fibronectin was detected by an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay in cultures grown in the absence of serum. Therefore, fibronectin may be synthesized by bone marrow cells. When bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of anti-fibronectin antibodies, the number of cells attaching to the matrix particles was greatly decreased. When cell attachment was reduced, the rate of cell proliferation as measured by DNA synthesis was also reduced. This study demonstrated that substrate size and fibronectin are important for the interaction of bone marrow cells with an osteoinductive matrix. PMID- 7347422 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of experimental thrombus formation in canine lateral saphena vein. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of urokinase on thrombus a model of experimental thrombus was formed at left lateral saphena vein of beagle dogs by an injection of canine or bovine fibrinogen and bovine thrombin. Surface and cut-surface of thus formed thrombus were observed with a field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Despite considerable variations among dogs the thrombus decreased its volume and compactness as time passed. The proportion of deformed erythrocytes and non-erythrocyte components of thrombus increased at 6, 15 and 24 hours after thrombogenesis. Erythrocytes penetrate into spaces between fibrin sheets and covered with fibrin network. The fibrin fibrils became thick in later stages. The surface of endothelium did not alter extensively by the presence of thrombus. Natural thrombolysis occurred between 15 and 24 hours after thrombogenesis. Recannalization of the vein was monitored with X-ray angiogram and the measurement of FDP. PMID- 7347423 TI - Morphological correlations with dimensional change during SEM specimen preparation. AB - We have previously reported details of the dimensional changes taking place during the processing of soft tissue specimens for scanning electron microscopy. Mouse embryo limbs were used for many of these measurements and the present paper deals with the associated morphological findings. Effects of fixation, dehydration and drying are considered. Freeze drying and critical point drying of glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde and osmium fixed samples give perfectly acceptable results for scanning electron microscopy. The best volume retention with freeze dried material is matched by the best morphological appearance of the specimen surface, except when ice crystal damage occurs due to a failure to freeze the tissue rapidly enough. For CPD tissues, perforation of the plasmalemma may occur in glutaraldehyde-only fixed tissue, this being prevented by post osmication if the glutaraldehyde fixation is not unduly prolonged. This perforation may be due to the extraction of some plasmalemma component during dehydration or further solvent substitution on critical point drying. Solvent evaporation drying usually causes recognizable distortion due to shrinkage: this is minimal in the case of solvent evaporation drying in a nearly saturated atmosphere of the same solvent if this is a very volatile solvent. The examples of Freon 113 and diethyl ether are given here. Swelling during early stages of ethanol dehydration can be prevented by using 70% or 100% ethanol as the first step, with marginal reduction in the post CPD volume and no apparent differences in the SEM. The severe swelling causing sample disruption which can occur with GA + OsO4 fixed tissue can also be prevented by treating the sample with divalent cations, such as Ca++ or Cu++, at any stage. PMID- 7347424 TI - Alterations in the structure and function of the mammalian cell membrane after exposure to ionizing radiation. AB - Although the nucleus appears to represent the primary target for the killing of cells by ionizing radiation, the cell membrane may be another important site for radiation injury and modification of the radiation response. In this paper, the effects of radiation on various membrane-associated parameters which are expected to affect cellular viability or function are reviewed. These include the effect of radiation on membrane transport, lectin or hormone receptor sites, cell surface electrokinetics, cell membrane fluidity, cell surface topography, etc. Alternative biochemical mechanisms that may account for the effects of radiation on cell membrane in general will also be discussed. PMID- 7347425 TI - Disappearance of microvilli accompanying radiation-induced interphase death of rat thymocytes. AB - Thymocytes are radiosensitive and show interphase death (immediate death) after irradiation. The present investigation was undertaken to characterize by scanning electron microscopy the shape of thymocytes irradiated in vitro with 1 kR X-rays and determine the cell surface changes that accompany the development of interphase death. Exposing the cells to X-rays caused disappearance of the microvilli, usually observed with viable cells. Association of dead thymocytes with porous surface without any digitations was confirmed by the examination of enriched dead cell populations prepared by centrifuging the cell suspension in Percoll density gradient. PMID- 7347426 TI - Sequential changes in bone marrow architecture during continuous low dose gamma irradiation. AB - Beagles continuously exposed to low daily doses (10 R) of whole-body 60Co gamma radiation are prone to develop either early occurring aplastic anemia or late occurring myeloproliferative disorders (Seed et al., 1977). In this study, we have examined by a combination of light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy the sequential changes in the morphology of biopsied rib bone marrow of continuously irradiated dogs that developed either aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis, or myelogenous leukemia. Characteristic modification of key elements of marrow architecture have been observed during preclinical and clinical phases of these hemopathological conditions. The more prominent of these changes include the following. (i) In developing aplastic anemia: severe vascular sinus and parenchymal cord compression, and focally degenerate endosteal surfaces. (ii) In developing myelofibrosis: hyperplasia of endosteal and reticular stomal elements. (iii) In developing leukemia: hypertrophy of reticular and endothelial elements in the initial restructuring of the stromal matrix and the subsequent aberrant hemopoietic repopulation of the initially depleted stromal matrix. These architectural changes during preclinical phases appear to be related to the pathological progression to each of the radiation-induced hemopathological end points. PMID- 7347427 TI - Surface damage in the small intestine of the mouse after X - or neutron irradiation. AB - Damage after X-irradiation includes lateral villous collapse, progressing after 3 - 5 days to villi which sometimes show signs of vertical collapse. After neutron irradiation vertical villous collapse is established earlier, with less swelling of villous tips. It seems, therefore, that at radiobiologically equivalent doses, neutron and X-irradiation produce different levels of surface damage, with neutron irradiation being the more destructive. Early villous tip damage may perhaps be due to disruption of susceptible cells already at the extrusion zone, or to stromal damage. PMID- 7347428 TI - Some indications of structural damage in retina by heavy ion radiation. AB - At the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac Facility, iron nuclei were accelerated to an energy of 600 MeV/amu. The beam of iron thus obtained was used to irradiate living biological specimens in order to study possible microscopic tissue damage with the aid of SEM. The experiments involved total head irradiation of live rats which were subsequently returned to their cages to remain for 1 day and 30 days before further examination. After the 1 day and 30 day waits, both eyes were enucleated and placed in chemical fixative followed by ethanol dehydration and critical point drying. Retinas were carefully removed from the eye cups and loaded separately on aluminum stubs which were sputter coated. SEM of the 1 day and 30 day retinas revealed lesions which were not found at all in control retinas. The 1 day and 30 day retinas manifest regions where outer rod segments were missing or rearranged. A single energetic iron nucleus may be capable of generating a retinal lesion which becomes enlarged as biological processes intervene during the 1 day and 30 day waits. Being composed of highly specialized nerve cells, retinas cannot regenerate following irradiation which severely damages the rod cells. Thus one would expect the observed radiation induced retinal lesions to correspond to permanent tissue damage and possible loss of visual acuity in the intact animal. PMID- 7347429 TI - Morphology of cells malignantly transformed by alpha particle irradiation. AB - The idea that one alpha particle (with LET approximately 100keV/micrometers) traversing a cell nucleus would kill a cell has been a concept which has been traditionally accepted by most radiation biologists. It was, therefore, difficult to see how alpha radiation could act directly on nuclear DNA to cause cancer. In experiments where mouse embryo cells (C3H 10T1/2) were irradiated with a parallel beam of 5.6 MeV alpha particles from a Tandem Van de Graaff machine, we made the surprising discovery that about 10 to 20 alpha particles through each nucleus were required to kill 2/3 of the cells (Lloyd 1979a). Earlier workers were misled because they failed to make measurements of nuclear areas of the cells as they were irradiated. We have used scanning electron microscopy, both to observe the cells at the time of irradiation and to document the change in unirradiated cellular dimensions as the cells become flattened on conventional tissue culture plates. The present paper also describes the morphological changes observed by SEM between cells which were subsequently transformed to become malignant by alpha irradiation and untransformed control cells. PMID- 7347430 TI - The invasion of cultured cell layers and intact epithelia. AB - This paper concerns the invasive behaviour of a migratory embryonic cell type, the primordial germ cell (PGC) of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. Scanning electron microscopy of isolated PGCs shows that they invade layers of cells derived from adult Xenopus mesentery, and the epithelium of the intact mesentery itself. This invasion is at least partly due to the stimulation by the PGCs of process formation in both cultured and intact epithelial cells. These broad lamellipodia move over the surface of the PGCs and eventually enclose them. We have documented previously that active invasion by the PGC also takes place, though the relative roles of these two components of the invasive process are unknown. We also demonstrate that these properties are not mediated by any contaminating cellular or extracellular material on the isolated PGCs, since their removal by trypsin does not alter the invasive behaviour. PMID- 7347431 TI - Activation of paralysed leg flexors and extensors during gait in patients after stroke. AB - EMG activity of long foot flexor and extensor muscles was studied during gait in 34 ambulatory hemiparetic patients, correlating the EMG to phases of the gait cycle as monitored by switches placed on the plantar surface of the foot. EMG patterns during stance and swing phases were categorized into six groups, ranging from normal alternation of muscle contraction, to tonic activity of the extensors, with no alternation. The deterioration in activity appears to be related to the (unbalanced) release of extensor and flexor mechanisms which arises in varying degrees and combinations after capsular lesions. The extensor thrust postural reaction appears to be essential for gait in pathological conditions which result in upper motor neuron weakness. PMID- 7347432 TI - Evaluation of the effects of muscle stretch and weight load in patients with spastic paraplegia. AB - Clinical observations on patients with spastic paraplegia have indicated that a training regime including weight load on the lower limbs may reduce the muscular hypertonus. Due to the spontaneous fluctuations and great variability in muscle tone it is difficult to judge from clinical findings how the effects may be related to muscle stretch and weight load. Therefore, quantitative determination of the effects on muscle tone by stretch and loading was made in 9 paraplegic patients. Muscle tone was measured before and after 30 min of stretch or weight load in 8 sessions on 4 consecutive days. Stretch was obtained by bracing the foot in maximal dorsal flexion with patient in supine position. For weight load on the lower limbs, the patient stood on a tilt-table at an angle of 85 degrees with feet in 15 degrees dorsal or plantar flexion. Resistance to passive movements was determined during a series of sinusoidal ankle joint movements at three different speeds. After weight load in standing with the feet in dorsal or plantar flexion, the average reduction was 32 and 26%, respectively. After stretch in supine, the average reduction was 17%. Thus, the three procedures tested all resulted in reduction of muscle tone. The largest reductions were obtained by weight load with stretch imposed upon the calf muscles. PMID- 7347433 TI - Improvement of function in hemiplegia after orthopaedic surgery. AB - Over a 25-year period, 1855 patients have been subjected to a variety of common orthopaedic procedures for correction of disabling postures resulting from spastic hemiplegia. A widely applicable rationale for surgical correction of these postures has been slowly established over these years of clinical research. These methods are submitted in this review article with the hope that others will espouse, criticize and modify them, towards a better understanding of this complex kinetic disorder. PMID- 7347434 TI - Home-training of patients with intermittent claudication. AB - Fifteen patients with intermittent claudication but without angina pectoris underwent a training programme consisting of three months of home-training followed by three months of supervised in-hospital training. Detailed information and instruction preceded the start of the training. There was a significant increase in maximal walking distance and also in physical activity during the home-training period. There was no difference in the increase in walking distance between this group and an earlier, comparable, group that had undergone a similar period of supervised in-hospital training. A further significant increase in maximal walking distance was obtained after three months of supervised in hospital training. The physical activity during leisure time was, however, not further increased. Smoking habits were affected. After one year, one out of twelve smokers had stopped smoking and eight had reduced their consumption by 30 75%. Home-training after a careful instruction and with control of results is an alternative to supervised in-hospital training for a large group of patients with intermittent claudication but without angina pectoris. PMID- 7347435 TI - [Radiation therapy of malignant lymphomas: side effects of mantle irradiation]. PMID- 7347436 TI - [Etiology of pericardial effusion following radiation therapy of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Radiation doses delivered to the anterior pericardium between 1969 and 1979 were ascertained in 16 patients with Hodgkin's disease, in whom pericardial effusions had developed after multiple-field therapy using 5 ventral fixed fields to the mediastinum as a supra-diaphragmatic primary treatment. The appearance of effusions was directly dependent on the dosage, if doses between 53 and 128 Gy had been delivered; in such patients, seriousness of the clinical symptoms was related to the importance of the dose delivered to the anterior pericardium. Control groups consisted of two collectives comprising 9 patients with primary pericardial affection due to Hodgkin's disease, and 11 comparable further patients without complications after mantle treatment; in these collectives, one case in the second group excepted, antisarcolemmal antibodies were not observed. On the other hand, these antibodies could be detected in 5 out of 11 patients with Hodgkin's disease who suffered from pericardial complications following radiation therapy. Possible diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of the present findings is discussed. PMID- 7347437 TI - [Postoperative moving field therapy of the thoracic wall with high energy electrons]. AB - With regard to the moving field irradiation of the thoracic wall with electrons, the dependence of the surface dose from the depth of the rotation axis, which had been determined theoretically and under simplifying hypotheses, is checked by phantom measurements. There is conformity between measurement and calculation if the moving field irradiation extends over an angular dimension which contains also fully the contribution of the electrons scattered in the collimated region. The consequences for the shielding of the environment of the irradiated region are discussed. The admissible deviations of the thorax from a circular cylindric form for given maximum dose differences can be taken from the calculations. A nearly constant surface dose can be reached despite differences of the thorax form, if the scattering of electrons perpendicular to the rotation axis comes from divergency centres whose distance from the rotation axis corresponds to the double length of the average thorax radius. PMID- 7347438 TI - [Micronucleus formation compared to the survival rate of human melanoma cells after X-ray and neutron irradiation and hyperthermia]. AB - After neutron and X-ray irradiation and combined X-ray irradiation and hyperthermia (3 hours, 42 degrees C), the survival rate of human melanoma cells was measured by means of the colony formation test and compared to the formation of micronuclei. Neutrons had a stronger effect on the formation of micronuclei than the combination of X-rays and hyperthermia. X-rays had the lowest effect. The dose effect curve showed a break at that dose level at which a reduction of cells was observed in the cultures. A good relation between survival rate and formation of micronuclei was found for the X-ray irradiation, but not for the neutron irradiation and the combined treatment. These observations are discussed. At least for X-rays, the micronucleus test has turned out to be a good screening method for the radiosensitivity of a biologic system. PMID- 7347439 TI - [Joint sessions on oncology. Turin, 4-6 June 1981]. PMID- 7347440 TI - [The register of congenital anomalies in Funen County. II. Prevalence]. PMID- 7347441 TI - [Morphology and diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome. A contribution to combined cytochemical-finestructural identification of peroxisomes in autopsy material and frozen liver tissue with case report]. AB - A female newborn, the second child of healthy non consanguineous parents, exhibited muscular hypotonia, areflexia, apathy, seizures, hepatomegaly and failure to thrive since birth. The peculiar skull shape was lacking. In the urine pipecolic acid and trihydroxycoprostanoic acid were excreted. At the age of seven weeks she died of bronchopneumonia. Lightmicroscopy revealed malformations and deficiency of myelinisation in the brain, renal cysts and fatty metamorphosis in the enlarged liver, which showed only minimal siderosis. Ultrastructurally no peroxisomes could be found in liver and kidney. No peroxisomes were detected by histochemical demonstration of catalase in frozen liver tissue which was taken immediately after death and stored for three months. Absence of peroxisomes is pathognomonic for the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger and occurs in the liver irrespective of duration and degree of liver damage. It is best demonstrated by enzymehistochemical electron microscopy. With this method peroxisomes can be visualized even 30 h post mortem. In deep frozen normal liver tissue the activity of catalase remains very stable and enables the identification of peroxisomes even after a 12 months period of storage. In the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, frozen liver tissue should be stored for biochemical and diagnostic enzymehistochemical studies. PMID- 7347442 TI - Neural differentiation in the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma: effects of intracerebral environment on the neural differentiation of embryoid bodies. PMID- 7347443 TI - The fibrous skeleton in the human heart: embryological and pathogenetic considerations. AB - The fibrous skeleton of the human heart is composed of several parts which are formed from different, mainly extracardiac sources. The atrioventricular valve rings are formed by invagination of sulcus tissue at the atrioventricular and bulboventricular transitions. The atrial part of the central fibrous body is formed from an ingrowth of tissue from the dorsal mesocardium, the ventricular part from ingrowth of sulcus tissue towards an endocardial structure, the left bulbar ridge. During valve development the atrioventricular endocardial cushions, initially situated between the developing atrial and ventricular parts of the central fibrous body, are almost completely removed downwards into the ventricular cavities. However, a small portion of these cushions remains on top of the ventricular septum, is "trapped" by the surrounding sulcus tissues and becomes incorporated in the central fibrous body. These embryological findings on this centrally located area of the heart have implications for certain types of cardiac abnormalities. In this respect the atrioventricular conduction system, cor triatriatum sinistrum and atrioventricular defect are discussed. PMID- 7347444 TI - Mononuclear stromal reactions in mammary carcinoma, with special reference to medullary carcinomas with a lymphoid infiltrate. Analysis of 108 cases. PMID- 7347445 TI - Interval between births: United States, 1970-77. PMID- 7347446 TI - [Principles of the pathogenesis of virus diseases]. PMID- 7347447 TI - [Light microscopy study of Ebola virus hepatitis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 7347448 TI - [Viral infection of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7347449 TI - [Viral diseases of the respiratory system -- morphogenetic aspects of pulmonary lesions]. PMID- 7347450 TI - [Virus and the heart]. PMID- 7347451 TI - [An endemic myocarditis in the area of Salzburg]. PMID- 7347452 TI - [Morphology of viral encephalitides]. PMID- 7347453 TI - [Immunomorphological investigations of viral antigens in various encephalitides]. PMID- 7347454 TI - [An immunocytochemical study on measles virus infection of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7347455 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural findings of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. PMID- 7347456 TI - [Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7347457 TI - [The encephalitic reaction in Borna disease virus infected rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 7347458 TI - [Interaction between peritoneal macrophages and vaccinia virus]. PMID- 7347459 TI - [Post-mortem diagnosis of herpes simplex infections]. PMID- 7347460 TI - [Investigations on the viral aetiology of congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7347461 TI - [Computer-aided cell image analysis during the virus induced neoplastic cell transformation]. PMID- 7347462 TI - [Biological and biochemical studies on the characterization of an osteoma inducing retrovirus of the 101/Nhg mouse]. PMID- 7347463 TI - [Detection of RNA-tumorvirus proteins in sarcomas]. PMID- 7347464 TI - [Storage of polysaccharides in virus-induced renal epitheliomas]. PMID- 7347465 TI - [Focal epithelial hyperplasia (morbus Heck): virus-induced lesion of the oral mucosa?]. PMID- 7347466 TI - [Problems and classification of virus-induced changes of the female genital tract]. PMID- 7347467 TI - [Classification of virogenic dysplasia of the cervix uteri in cyto-histological routine diagnosis]. PMID- 7347468 TI - [Misinterpreted findings - diagnostic courage or diagnostic conscience?]. PMID- 7347469 TI - [Hepatitis B and delta-antigen: model of a modulated viral infection]. PMID- 7347470 TI - [Follow-up of hepatitis B virus positive chronic hepatitis and other forms]. PMID- 7347471 TI - Schistosomal infections in some primary schools in Kabwe rural district. PMID- 7347472 TI - Foetus papyraceus. PMID- 7347473 TI - Screening for gonorrhoea among college students in Zaria, Nigeria. PMID- 7347474 TI - Criminal abortions as seen in the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. AB - Every year a large number of patients who are spontaneously aborting are admitted to the Gynaecological ward of the University Teaching Hospital (Lusaka) at various clinical stages of septic, incomplete, inevitable or threatened abortion. An undetermined number of these patients are induced outside the hospital. Analysis of data revealed that 60% of admissions in the gynaecological admission ward are abortions and a number of them present with features of sepsis. In a 4 year study period there were 15 maternal deaths as a result of septic/criminal abortions. Various methods are used to procure criminal abortions; out of which a case of a patient who used a knitting needle to procure abortion is presented. PMID- 7347475 TI - Growth of Zambian children. AB - A cross sectional study of 2,637 Zambian school children (1,220 boys and 1,417 girls) between the ages of six and eighteen years was carried out to observe growth patterns. Five anthropometric measurements were taken. It was noted that the growth spurt commenced at the age of nine years in girls. The accelerated growth continued until the age of fifteen years after which the rate of growth was very small. In boys, the growth spurt commenced a year later and continued until the age of seventeen years. Height was compared with that of the European and Ghanian children from London and Accra respectively. Although the growth patterns were similar, the Europeans were taller and the Ghanians were shorter than Zambians in this age group. PMID- 7347476 TI - Bilharziasis of the urinary tract in Zambia. (Observation on 100 consecutive cases). AB - Cystoscopic, urographic and histological observations on 100 consecutive cases of urinary bilharziasis are presented. 35 patients had calcification of the urinary tract whilst I.V.U. of 40 patients were abnormal. Abnormal urograms were more often observed in patients with reduced bladder capacity than with vesical calcification. Surgery to the urinary tract was considered necessary in 19 patients. There were 3 deaths and all were secondary to schistosomiasis. Our observations indicate that urinary bilharziasis in Zambia is associated with a high morbidity and a significant mortality. PMID- 7347477 TI - Umbilical hernia in Zambian school children. PMID- 7347478 TI - Maternal and foetal morbidity associated with caesarean section. PMID- 7347479 TI - A study of dental caries in rural and an urban primary school of Zambia. AB - 320 children, 160 from a rural and 160 from an urban primary school were examined for dental caries. The urban children were found to have twice as much caries as their rural counterparts. Their D.M.F./df indices were also much higher. No significant sex difference was noted. The tribal distribution shows that the Tonga are the most susceptible tribe while the Lenje have the least caries. The relationship between caries and brushing habits, as well as consumption of confectionary was established. The commonest teeth affected and their relationship to age was also noted. It was concluded that urbanization has definitely contributed to the higher caries prevalence in the urban school children. Although the situation is not as bad as in the West, if it remains unchecked, 90% of the population may have caries in another 15 years. PMID- 7347480 TI - Eclampsia in Lusaka. PMID- 7347481 TI - Spontaneous liver cirrhosis in ALB/Jena and Jena: ALB guinea pigs. PMID- 7347482 TI - [Observations on the isolation and further passage of B. piliformis (Tyzzer's disease)]. PMID- 7347483 TI - [Longevity of individually caged Japanese quail. Brief report]. PMID- 7347484 TI - [Extreme pairing conditions in mice. Brief report]. PMID- 7347485 TI - [Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters in ferrets under various physiological and pathological conditions. 1. Comparative studies of changes in the hemograms of pregnant, lactating and nonpregnant females]. PMID- 7347486 TI - Laboratory animal diseases in pictures. Coccidiosis in guinea pigs; with emphasis on diagnosis. PMID- 7347487 TI - Vitamin A and vitamin E concentration of the milk from mothers of pre-term infants and milk of mothers of full term infants. AB - The vitamin E, vitamin A and beta carotene concentrations of milk, from eight mothers delivering premature infants and ten mothers delivering full term infants were determined and compared. Milk samples were collected three times per day on days 3, 9, 15, 21, 27 and 33 postpartum. Dietary records were kept on days 2-3, 14-15, and 32-33. There was no significant difference in vitamin E, vitamin A and beta carotene levels between the two groups. The mean retinol concentration was higher in the milk of mothers of premature infants on all days except day three. The highest mean carotene and retinol concentrations in the milk of mothers of full terms infants were on day three: but the peak occurred in the preterm group on day nine and did not drop as rapidly as the milk retinol of the full term group. The milk of mothers of fullterm infants, day 3 vitamin E concentration was significantly higher than days, 15, 21, 27 and 33 postpartum. There were no significant differences in the dietary intake of the full term and preterm groups. The amount of vitamin E in the milk was not affected by dietary vitamin E intake of the subjects regardless of gestational age of the infant. More research is needed to determine the exact quantity of vitamin A and E ingested by the premature infants if breastfed by their respective mothers. PMID- 7347488 TI - Alcaptonuria and sucrase-isomaltase deficiency in three offspring of a consanguineous marriage. AB - Intestinal brush border membrane hydrolases and HLA lymphocyte antigens have been examined in three siblings with sucrose intolerance and alcaptonuria, and their consanguineous parents. Sucrase-isomaltase activity was absent in the three patients, and corresponded with the gel electrophoresis of SDS-solubilized brush border membranes, which failed to demonstrate the protein band normally associated with sucrase-isomaltase complex. The activities of all brush border membrane enzymes in the mother were normal, while those of the father were generally low. The use of hydrolytic capacity ratios, however, permitted the designation of both parents as heterozygotes. Significant homogentisic aciduria was found only in the three propositi, and no effect of homogentisic acid on the sucrase activities of two normal, unrelated children could be demonstrated in vitro. The HLA lymphocyte antigen profiles of all seven family members demonstrated remarkable histocompatibility in five of them. PMID- 7347489 TI - Changes in bone histomorphometry and bone mineral during treatment of osteoporosis with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. AB - Treatment with 1 alpha-OHD3 supplemented with calcium will possibly unveil symptoms of spinal pain (8/10) and increase physical activity (7/10) in patients suffering from osteoporosis. An increase in trabecular bone (8/10) as well as a decrease in bone resorption (9/10) accompanied by measured increased bone mineral (6/10) has been observed. Some patients did not show any response to this kind of treatment. PMID- 7347490 TI - Increase of body temperature and folic acid metabolism. AB - Folic acid metabolism was studied in forty-four febrile children aged 2 months -9 years by measuring their serum and red cell folate levels. In all the children, there was a significant reduction in red cell folate along with a steady rise in serum folate as the body temperature increased above 39 degrees C. There was no correlation between the folate parameters and the pathological cause of the pyrexia (malaria or broncho-pneumonia). These results suggest that a rise in body temperature causes a breakdown of folate stores, which leads to some disturbance of folate metabolism. The extent of this disturbance is not known but it may have some detrimental effects on growing children. PMID- 7347491 TI - Reversible photoreduction of flavin with bilirubin I. AB - In the photochemical degradation of bilirubin under anaerobic condition, the bilirubin riboflavin-system behaves as an equilibrium electrochemical system characterized by a redox-potential. Bilirubin decomposes irreversibly and riboflavin functions as a reversible electron acceptor. This equilibrium is not established under aerobic conditions, probably due to reoxidation of the riboflavin leuco-form by oxygen. Riboflavin accelerates the bilirubin photodegradation about 30 times at equimolar concentrations of the two components and in the presence of a buffer at pH 7.3. The present results of a study on a model system are applicable in the phototherapy of newborn infant hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7347492 TI - The osteoclasts of hen medullary bone under hypocalcaemic conditions. AB - Osteoclasts of medullary bone after several days of hypocalcaemic diet are substituted on the trabecular surface by active osteoblasts. The fate and the ultrastructure of the osteoclasts withdrawn from medullary bone surfaces in the course of a low calcium diet has been studied in serial semithin and ultrathin sections. The cytoplasmic surface of osteoclasts located in marrow compartments presents blebs and protrusions and the whole cell is often irregularly branched in several directions. A large amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum is accumulated at the cell periphery; often the cisternae are distended to form vesicles with an inner core of dense material. Osteoclasts seem to divide into mono or polynucleated smaller units. PMID- 7347493 TI - Morphometric analysis of osteoblast dynamics in the chick embryo tibia. AB - Structure and size of the osteoblasts have been analyzed during growth of the tibial diaphyses in chick embryos from 10 days incubation until hatching. Statistical analyses of the results indicate that both size and density of the osteoblasts gradually decrease from the subperiosteal towards the endosteal regions of the shaft; the osteoblast secretory territory, on the other hand increases. These structural changes of the osteoblasts, which appear to be related to differences of the appositional growth rate, seem to derive mainly from structural modifications of differentiated osteoblasts rather than from differentiation of new osteoblasts, of progressively smaller size, from osteoprogenitor cells. The data reported in this paper compared with those in previous investigations indicate that the size of the osteoblasts does not significantly differ in animals of different species. PMID- 7347494 TI - An ultrastructural study of the differentiation of skeletal muscle in the bovine fetus. AB - The differentiation of skeletal muscle was studied by electron microscopy in bovine fetuses from 47 days gestation to neonatal calves 3 days of age. Initially, the muscle was composed of clusters of myotubes with mononucleated myoblasts between them. In 2-month-old fetuses these myoblasts became apposed to the differentiating muscle cells and were enclosed within the rudimentary basal lamina of the myotubes. At this stage the clusters of myotubes consisted of central, larger diameter, more differentiated myotubes and also the mononucleated satellite cells. The differentiated myotubes separated from the clusters accompanied by satellite cells which continued proliferating and fused together to form new generations of satellite myotubes. In this manner new clusters of myotubes were formed. By 4-5 months some of the separating myotubes began to form individual myotubes and independent myofibers were prominent in fetuses of 5-8 months of age. The myofibers in the 8-month-old fetuses showed diversification into fiber types by differences in the thickness of the Z-line, the prominence of the sarcotubular system, the amount of glycogen and lipid droplets and also the number of mitochondria. PMID- 7347495 TI - Microtubules in mammalian erythroblasts. Are marginal bands present? AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if marginal bands, such as those present in mature nucleated red blood cells of other non-mammalian vertebrates and in primitive mammalian erythrocytes are present in definitive mammalian erythroblasts. In a small number of erythroblasts examined from mouse spleen, a bundle of 5-8 microtubules could be seen. These microtubules appeared similar to those previously identified by others as marginal band microtubules in liver and marrow erythroblasts. However, it was difficult to distinguish these bundles from remnants of mitotic spindle microtubules, or bundles of microtubules which extend to the midbody, a structure which is seen quite frequently in sections of erythroid cells. Triton extraction, a process which renders cytoskeletal elements such as microtubules more visible, also failed to confirm the presence of conventional marginal bands in these cells. It is suggested that use of the term "marginal band" be restricted to those cases in which it can be unequivocally demonstrated that a bundle of microtubules encircles the perimeter of the cell. PMID- 7347496 TI - The uptake of 5-bromodeoxyuridine by the chicken embryo and its effects upon growth. PMID- 7347497 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the decidual stalk and decidua basalis in the mouse. AB - Placentas either in situ or mechanically separated from their uterine beds were surveyed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the changing relationship of the placenta to its uterine bed with special reference to alteration in the decidual basalis accompanying parturition. At 13 days gestation the placenta is connected to the uterus by a short, broad decidual stalk which becomes longer and more constricted by term. The stalk is covered by a layer of squamous epithelium. Mechanical separation of the placenta and uterus in early gestation reveals that the entire decidual basalis of the decidual stalk is composed of large coarse fibers. As gestation progresses, a relatively smooth acellular capsule forms around the base of the placenta. However, the center of the decidua basalis, the core of the stalk, continues to be composed of large coarse fibers throughout gestation and appears to be the only region penetrated by maternal vessels. PMID- 7347498 TI - Onuf's nucleus X: a morphological study of a human spinal nucleus. AB - The first, second and third sacral segments of 59 human spinal cords were examined in order to localize and describe Onuf's nucleus X. The nucleus was found to be situated in the ventral horn of the segments S2 and S3; only in very few spinal cords did it extend into S1. A significant variation in the length of the nucleus was observed. Based on the cytoarchitecture the nucleus could be divided in three parts, a cranial, a dorsomedial and a ventrolateral. All parts of the nucleus consisted of chromatin-rich medium-sized neurons, and apparent direct appositions between different cells bodies as well as between cell bodies and large dendrites were observed. Characteristic findings in the neuropil surrounding the nucleus were the sparsity of myelinated fibers and the presence of dendritic bundles. The present observations are compared to the descriptions of a morphologically similar nucleus in experimental animals and a high degree of resemblance is found. As this nucleus in the experimental animals has been demonstrated to innervate muscles of the pelvic floor, including the striated sphincters of the urethra and the anus, it is suggested that the human Onuf's nucleus X has the same function. PMID- 7347499 TI - Anatomy of the cecum of the laboratory mouse and rat. AB - The anatomy of the cecum of the laboratory mouse and rat was studied from a comparative standpoint. The topographical situation, mesenterial connections and arterial supply to the ceca were examined macroscopically. Dried specimens were made to study the morphological form and internal structures. Microscopically, at the light, transmission and scanning electron microscopic levels, the characteristic structural aspects of the ceca of both species were observed. The mucosa of the mouse cecum is arranged in soft-contoured, looped configurations (SEM), which appear as wide-opened crypts light microscopically. The rat has a similar appearance except that the configurations are more densely arranged and the crypts narrower. With TEM, the cecal epithelial cells of both species display typical features of intestinal absorptive cells. The observations made in the rat and mouse are compared with each other and with other species where detailed information is available. PMID- 7347500 TI - Development of the visual cortex or rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine in early life. PMID- 7347501 TI - [Surgical anatomic study of the approach for the Warren method of distal speno renal anastomosis]. PMID- 7347502 TI - [10 cases of peripheral embolism of the upper extremities in patients with the thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7347503 TI - [Criteria for evaluating the compensatory potential of the deep femoral system in combined chronic obstructive aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal arteriopathies]. PMID- 7347504 TI - [Etiopathogenetic and therapeutic problems of superficial thrombophlebitis during antiblastic therapy]. PMID- 7347505 TI - [Report of a case of Caroli's disease]. PMID- 7347506 TI - [Rare case of filtrating choleperitoneum: volvulus of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7347507 TI - [Idiopathic pseudo-obstruction of the colon (report of a rare case)]. PMID- 7347508 TI - [Urodynamic study of possible urinary complications of abdomino-perineal amputation of the rectum]. PMID- 7347509 TI - [Endoscopic urethrotomy by the Sachse method in the treatment of urethral stenosis]. PMID- 7347510 TI - [New cephalosporins in surgical infections]. PMID- 7347511 TI - Longitudinal changes in specialty preferences: sex differences. PMID- 7347512 TI - Assessing the reliability and validity of educational standards. PMID- 7347513 TI - External and internal tests of preclinical learning: content representativeness, item educational emphasis, and student achievement. PMID- 7347514 TI - Professional Competence Assurance Program (PROCAP). PMID- 7347515 TI - The overall validity of the new MCAT. PMID- 7347516 TI - Predicting medical school performance using the old and new MCAT. PMID- 7347517 TI - Using the new MCAT and NBME subject examinations to predict performance in a medical school behavioral sciences course. PMID- 7347518 TI - Unravelling the meaning of global comparative ratings of interns. PMID- 7347519 TI - Long term stability of graduates' rating of their educational programs: or-what is to be gained by post program follow-up surveys? PMID- 7347520 TI - Evaluating history-taking and physical examination skills: a structured vs traditional approach. PMID- 7347521 TI - A comparative survey of former residents' professional activities and retrospective ratings of training program effectiveness. PMID- 7347522 TI - Curriculum evaluation: a many splendored thing? PMID- 7347523 TI - Goal Attainment Scaling in a psychiatric clerkship. PMID- 7347524 TI - The impact of participation in a primary care track program on medical student career decision. PMID- 7347525 TI - Applicant characteristics, school character, and the admission selection process. PMID- 7347526 TI - Comparison of perceived stress levels among medical and law students. PMID- 7347527 TI - A multicomponent validity study of housestaff selection process. PMID- 7347528 TI - Procedural skills in internal medicine. PMID- 7347529 TI - The validity of simulated patients. PMID- 7347530 TI - A longitudinal study of observational ratings by clinical faculty. PMID- 7347532 TI - Symposium: Self-evaluation in undergraduate and graduate medical education. PMID- 7347531 TI - The Instructor Satisfaction Questionnaire: its development and validation. PMID- 7347533 TI - Symposium: Internal evaluations of curricular programs: problems, methods, and recommendations. PMID- 7347534 TI - Symposium: Determinants of physician impairment. PMID- 7347536 TI - Symposium: Ethical conduct of student physicians: the special problem of cheating. PMID- 7347535 TI - Symposium: Development of a course in prevention, focusing on cancer. PMID- 7347537 TI - Symposium: The rise and fall of three year medical curricula. PMID- 7347538 TI - Symposium: Interpersonal skills training for medical students: examining the state of the "art". PMID- 7347540 TI - Symposium: Improved clinical evaluation in undergraduate medical education. PMID- 7347539 TI - Accuracy of physician's self reported practice profiles. PMID- 7347541 TI - A psychometric study of measures of medical interviewing skills. PMID- 7347542 TI - Measuring participant learning and change in practice behavior for continuing medical education programs. PMID- 7347543 TI - The extent of physician participation in continuing medical education activities. PMID- 7347544 TI - A comparative study of physicians from two decades. PMID- 7347545 TI - Medical students' personality changes from freshmen to seniors. PMID- 7347546 TI - The income expectations of medical students in the time period 1970 to 1980. PMID- 7347547 TI - Cueing on multiple choice items for medical students. PMID- 7347548 TI - The "triple-jump" exercise--further studies of an evaluative technique. PMID- 7347549 TI - A new examination for the evaluation of diagnostic problem-solving. PMID- 7347550 TI - Clinical experiences: do they make a difference on specialty choice decision? PMID- 7347551 TI - The effects of medical information and extent of training on the interviewing skills of medical students. PMID- 7347552 TI - Personality types of family practice residents as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. PMID- 7347553 TI - Skin Langerhans cells failure to trap bacterial antigen in non-sensitized guinea pig. AB - We have studied by ultrastructural histo-autoradiography, in a primary immunological response, the behavior of three types of guinea-pig histiocytic cells exposed to 125I-flagellin, lymph node histiocytes, alveolar macrophages and skin Langerhans cells, making use of the experimental model of Nossal et al. (1964). Whereas latero cave lymph node histiocytes exposed to 125I-flagellin by in vivo injection of the labelled antigen into the hind foot of the guinea-pig trap the flagellin as do 20% of alveolar macrophages incubated in vitro in a culture medium containing 125I-flagellin, skin Langerhans cells exposed in vivo (intradermal and hypodermal injection of the antigen) and in vitro, as was done for alveolar macrophages, are never labelled. These results suggest that, despite the fact that it belongs to the mononuclear phagocytic system, the Langerhans cell is not a common essentially phagocytic macrophage but represents a cell lineage involved in more complex immune reactions requiring the cooperation of sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 7347554 TI - Ribonucleic acid-protein purified from Salmonella typhi involved in experimental immunity. AB - An immunogenic complex was obtained from Salmonella typhi by the bacterial acetone powder method. This complex induced in mice a high degree of protection against a challenge with the virulent Salmonella. This immunogenic complex was fractionated at least into 19 fractions when chromatographied on a DEAE-cellulose column. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 25 protein bands were observed. Eleven DEAE-cellulose fractions were tested in order to know their immunogenicity. Mice were inoculated with 10 micrograms of protein of each fraction. Seven days after, the mice received a booster. Thirty days after the first inoculation, the animals were challenged with S. typhi resuspended in chondroitin-sulphate at 13%, by the intraperitoneal route. Appropriate control mice were included; 30 min before the challenge, mice had been inoculated with 850 microgram of lead acetate by the intravenous route. The immunogenic complex protected 100% of mice; six of its fractions were good immunogens; one of them, the fraction 4, was shown to contain at least 3 proteins by electrophoresis assay. This fraction induced in mice a high degree of protection against the challenge by the virulent Salmonella. Finally, a ribonucleoprotein purified from this fraction was highly immunogenic to mice against the challenge by 10 LD50 of S. typhi (1 LD50 was equivalent to 2 X 10(6) CFU). PMID- 7347555 TI - Distinct functions of surface receptors in the induction of neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - The respective roles of cell surface receptors were studied in a model of cell mediated cytotoxicity using 51Cr-labelled chicken erythrocytes as target cells and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) as effector cells. The attachment of the targets to PMN, demonstrated by rosette formation, was achieved by PMN surface receptors for C3 or for Fc IgG. No receptors for Fc IgM could be demonstrated. Direct contact between targets and effector cells was required and no cell-free cytotoxic mediator was demonstrable in this model. Target cells bound to PMN-C3 receptors were not lysed unless a cytotoxicity inducing signal was delivered. This was provided by anti-PMN heteroantibodies, or by their F(ab')2 fragments as well. It was therefore possible to trigger the cytotoxic reaction by bypassing PMN-surface receptors for Fc IgG. When the target cells are coated with IgG antibodies, PMN receptors for Fc IgG ensure both the attachment and the triggering signal for the cytotoxic reaction. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have been reported to the effective killer cells in vitro under three different experimental conditions: during phagocytosis, in the presence of antibody directed against the target cells and in the presence of lectins. PMN accumulation has also been considered as a major component of the pathogenesis of many forms of immunologic tissue injuries since PMN may react with immune complexes bound to a surface which they cannot phagocytose. Under these circumstances, they release lysosomial enzymes, by a mechanism which has been called "reverse endocytosis" or "frustrated phagocytosis". Attachment of PMN to target involves cell surface receptors (Fc gamma R) for the Fc region of the IgG molecule and/or receptors (C3R) for the activated third component of complement. The binding of aggregated or antigen-complexed IgG to PMN surface Fc gamma R generates signals triggering the internalization phase of phagocytosis, the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the stimulation of glucose oxidation by the hexose monophosphate pathway. However, the latter metabolic activation was also reported to be triggered by the fixation of antibodies specific for PMN surface determinants. It was therefore conceivable that modifications induced at the membrane level on any structure distinct from Fc gamma R would produce metabolic changes leading to target cell destruction, provided that a close contact could be established between effector and target cells. In the present study we have investigated the respective roles of Fc gamma R, C3R and other yet undefined surface determinants of PMN in the induction of cytotoxic activity towards heterologous target cells. PMID- 7347556 TI - Metabolic regulation in tylosin-producing Streptomyces fradiae: phosphate control of tylosin biosynthesis. AB - The effects of increased concentration of inorganic phosphate on the biosynthesis of tylosin, the level of the intracellular adenylates, the energy charge, and the activities of enzymes involved in the synthesis of tylonolide precursors were studied in Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702. No metabolic response was observed when elevated levels of inorganic phosphate were added in idiophase. Increased initial levels of inorganic phosphate suppressed tylosin production and markedly increased the levels of the adenylates, although the adenylate energy charge was unchanged. Higher growth and glucose uptake rates were also observed. The activities of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.1) and propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) were suppressed by the increased concentration of inorganic phosphate. The results indicated that the rate of tylosin synthesis was inversely related to the absolute level of the adenylates rather than to the energy charge. PMID- 7347557 TI - Inhibition of vaccinia virus maturation by zinc chloride. AB - Zinc chloride (0.1 mM) inhibited by 96.4% the growth of vaccinia virus in HeLa cells. Approximately 50% inhibition in formation of particles that sedimented in sucrose gradients similarly to vaccinia virions occurred in the presence of zinc ions. Whereas the synthesis of the viral deoxyribonucleic acid was not affected by zinc chloride, a decrease in the overall synthesis of viral polypeptides and inhibition of the cleavage of precursors to the core polypeptides were observed. PMID- 7347558 TI - Comparative toxicity of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in healthy adults. AB - The relative toxicities of amantadine and rimantadine were compared in a double blind, placebo-controlled study involving healthy adults. In separate studies, drugs were administered at a dosage of 200 mg/day (52 volunteers) or 300 mg/day (196 volunteers) for 4.5 days. Both drugs were well tolerated at the lower dosage. At 300 mg/day amantadine recipients had a greater frequency and severity of central nervous system (nervousness, lightheadedness, difficulty concentrating) and sleep (insomnia, fatigue) complaints compared with rimantadine or placebo recipients. Amantadine recipients also performed less well on an objective test measuring sustained attention and problem-solving ability. Both amantadine and rimantadine recipients reported adverse gastrointestinal symptoms more often than placebo recipients. Because of better tolerance at higher dosage, rimantadine offers more promise than amantadine for treatment of influenza A virus infections. PMID- 7347559 TI - Repair of membrane alterations induced in baby hamster kidney cells by polyene macrolide antibiotics. AB - We studied the correlation between chemical characteristics of 13 polyene macrolide antibiotics and the ability to repair the membrane permeability changes induced by polyenes in BHK-21 cells grown in shaker culture. It had been demonstrated that large-macrolide-ring polyenes with rigid molecules (heptaenes) induced specific membrane permeability pathways which were repaired by the eucaryotic cells under the proper conditions. The influence of environmental conditions on the repair process was examined. Aureofacin trimethylammonium methyl ester derivative was used as a selected representative of polyene macrolides inducing specific pathways. The factors influencing the repair process, monitored by measuring the ability of BHK-21 cells to control K+ membrane transport, were examined during and after cell contact with the antibiotic. We found that the repair process was dependent upon the temperature, the concentration of the antibiotic, time of its contact with cells, potassium concentration in the medium, and availability of an energy source. The repair process occurred in the presence of cycloheximide, which inhibited protein synthesis in BHK-21 cells. Results showed that the repair process plays an important role in mammalian cell recovery from the toxic effects of polyenes. PMID- 7347560 TI - Cefoxitin disposition during peritoneal dialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetic disposition of 2 g of cefoxitin administered intravenously over 30 min was determined in six patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure. During the 6-h dialysate dwell time after the drug infusion, the mean apparent volume of distribution for cefoxitin was 0.267 liter/kg (range, 0.201 to 0.325 liter/kg), and the mean elimination t1/2 from plasma was 7.8 h (range, 5.5 to 13.1 h). The peritoneal clearance, averaging 1.51 ml/min (range, 0.58 to 2.35 ml/min), was only 7.4% of the mean plasmas clearance of cefoxitin. Cefoxitin clearance was reduced in patients with renal failure and was not increased by peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7347561 TI - Evaluation of ceforanide as treatment for staphylococcal and streptococcal endocarditis. AB - Ceforanide administered parenterally twice daily was used as the sole agent to treat 17 patients with right-sided endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus or nonenterococcal streptococci. Fifteen patients were cured of their original infection. Two patients were withdrawn from the study. One patient was transferred to another hospital 4 days after ceforanide therapy was initiated, and the other was changed to a different antibiotic regimen when his viridans streptococcus proved tolerant to ceforanide. The intramuscular form of ceforanide was well tolerated. It was stopped in two patients after week 3 of therapy because of adverse effects, possibly related to the study drug. These findings resolved with discontinuation of the ceforanide, and no additional antimicrobial therapy was necessary. Two patients who continued to abuse drugs intravenously during the study developed bacteremia with new organisms and required additional antimicrobial therapy. Ceforanide proved to be a useful agent in the treatment of right-sided endocarditis due to susceptible S. aureus and nonenterococcal streptococci. PMID- 7347562 TI - Effects of vancomycin on renal function in rats. AB - To assess the effects of vancomycin on the kidney, we gave rats doses of 10, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day. Creatinine clearance and urine protein excretion did not differ significantly from the control values. Urine osmolality was unchanged. Mild histological changes occurred in rats given the highest dose. We conclude that although histopathological changes occurred at high doses, vancomycin does not alter renal function in rats. PMID- 7347563 TI - Peritoneal fluid concentrations of gentamicin in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. AB - Simultaneous peritoneal fluid and serum gentamicin assays were performed at 1- or 4-h intervals after the intravenous administration of gentamicin (3 to 5 mg/kg per day) during nine episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Mean peritoneal fluid levels were 4.2 micrograms/ml, whereas simultaneous mean serum levels were 6.1 micrograms/ml (mean percent diffusion into ascites of 67.8%). Three additional patients with uninflamed ascites demonstrated lower levels of diffusion. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between simultaneous serum and peritoneal fluid levels. We conclude that diffusion of gentamicin from serum into peritoneal fluid during spontaneous peritonitis is therapeutically adequate if sufficient serum levels are maintained. PMID- 7347564 TI - Effects of rifampin on biliary lipids in humans. AB - Because the action of rifampin induces hepatic microsomal enzymes, a study was carried out in four patients to determine whether this drug alters the composition of biliary lipids. Several different measurements were made while patients were both on and off rifampin therapy for various infective processes. These measurements included multiple determinations of lipid composition of gallbladder bile, the relative proportions f individual bile acids, and kinetics of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In all four patients, the saturation of gallbladder bile increased during rifampin treatment, and the bile consistently became supersaturated. The relative portions of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid were essentially unchanged by treatment, but total synthesis of bile acids increased in three tested patients with rifampin therapy. These results indicate that rifampin increases saturation of bile with cholesterol, but this increase is not due to a reduction in bile acid production. PMID- 7347565 TI - Effects of ethambutol on phospholipid metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - Soon after Mycobacterium smegmatis was exposed to ethambutol, the synthesis of cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol dimannoside declined. The synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine continued, but the drug caused this phospholipid to leak out of the cells. PMID- 7347566 TI - Amikacin sulfate levels in human serum and bile. AB - Amikacin levels in blood and bile were measured in 10 patients who underwent cholecystectomy and T-tube drainage. Each patient received 500 mg of amikacin intravenously 12 h preoperatively, during surgery, and every 12 h thereafter for four more doses. Average levels of amikacin in bile were 8.3 micrograms/ml at 1 h after the intraoperative dose, with a bile/serum ratio of 0.44. Postoperative doses at 1 h produced levels in bile of 3.8 to 4.2 micrograms/ml, with a bile/serum ratio of 0.15 to 0.22. Levels in bile decreased at a rate lower than levels in blood, and bile/serum ratios increased from 0.54 at 2 h to 0.93 at 12 h. Amikacin accumulated in bile at 6 h after the intravenous dose. PMID- 7347567 TI - Isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella krefeld from clinical veterinary materials. AB - Six isolations of Salmonella krefeld were made from clinical veterinary specimens. These isolates were multiply resistant to several antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat salmonellosis. PMID- 7347568 TI - In vitro susceptibilities of Aeromonas hydrophila to 32 antimicrobial agents. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents for 20 strains fo Aeromonas hydrophila were determined by a microdilution method. Moxalactam was the most active drug tested. All strains were also susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of mecillinam, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, aminoglycosides (except streptomycin), tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7347569 TI - [The average quantity of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic ingested daily by the adult Belgian population]. PMID- 7347570 TI - [Microbiological study of tea and herb teas]. PMID- 7347571 TI - [Survey of influenza in Belgium, 1980-1981. Performance of serologic studies on military recruits]. PMID- 7347572 TI - [Sodium and cheese]. PMID- 7347573 TI - Ontogeny of chick liver hexokinase isozymes. AB - Glucose phosphorylating activities were measured in liver extracts from chicks at several developmental stages. Enzyme activity levels in supernates were low (about 0.16 units/g liver) from day 10th of egg incubation until the 17th day, at which time a transient increase to 0.5 units/g was observed. At hatching, the levels were again low (0.15 units/g) compared to adult levels (0.9 units/g). Particulate hexokinase activity was rather constant from day 10th to adulthood (about 0.3 units/g). Chromatography of liver supernates in DEAE-cellulose columns revealed the presence of four hexokinases in embryos up to day 15th of incubation. From that day onwards, the least retained from (hexokinase 4) was no longer found. The most retained form (hexokinase 1) disappeared at hatching, at which time a pattern consisting of hexokinases 2 and 3 was found to be very similar to the adult profile. The four isozymes were characterized as low Km glucose hexokinase of broad sugar specificities and molecular weights of about 100,000. Particulate hexokinase activity of embryonic chick liver was found to be composed of the same isozymes observed in cytosolic extracts. Incubation of particles with glucose 6-P or ATP failed to release hexokinase activity. PMID- 7347574 TI - [Modification of implantation in rats and sows by oral administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 4. Effects of sodium salicylate on implantation and various biochemical parameters of the endometrium in gilts]. PMID- 7347575 TI - [Assessment of the state of mammalian oocytes. 1. Correlations between vital cytological and cytological or cytogenetic characteristics of embryonated oocytes of laboratory rats]. PMID- 7347576 TI - [Assessment of the state of mammalian oocytes. 2. Chromosome aberrations and vitalcytological deviations in metaphase II oocytes of laboratory rats]. PMID- 7347577 TI - [Mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. 9. Electron microscopic findings in experimental Mycoplasma bovis mastitis]. PMID- 7347578 TI - [Diarrhea in young calves. 5. Detection and characterization of lysozyme in gastrointestinal mucosa extracts of clinically healthy and diarrheic calves]. PMID- 7347579 TI - [Effectiveness of a PMS/HCG mixture on gilts depending on the length of storage in mixed state]. PMID- 7347580 TI - [Individual differences in sodium and potassium levels in the seminal plasma of bulls]. PMID- 7347581 TI - Examination of the development of the luminal relief of the small intestine in Japanese quails under the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7347582 TI - Effect of hypergravitation upon the developing relief of the small intestine in Japanese quail. Studies with scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7347583 TI - [Serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma infections in swine]. PMID- 7347584 TI - [Whole blood lymphocyte transformation test in swine--optimization of parameters]. PMID- 7347585 TI - Preliminary results of the isolation of chicken FcIgG receptor. AB - Two methods were used to isolate lymphocyte receptor Fc fragment of chicken IgG salt extraction or detergent solubilization of previously radioiodinated cell membranes. Both crude preparations showed Fc receptor activity, assayed by EA rosette test and by binding to IgG-Sepharose. So far attempts to purify of the receptor by affinity chromatography did not give an active preparation. PMID- 7347586 TI - The effect of bacterial and fungal phospholipids on the activity of macrophages. AB - The effect of some bacterial and fungal phospholipids on the functions of macrophage in mice was studied. It has been found that in animals injected with phospholipids from Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus fumigatus the population of macrophages with increased phagocytic and microbicidal activity appeared. The phospholipids from Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium notatum did not affect the activity of macrophages. Administration of the Candida albicans phospholipids to mice resulted in the decrease of the macrophage activity. These phospholipids exerted also toxic action on phagocytes in vitro. On the other hand phospholipids from Aspergillus fumigatus stimulated mouse macrophages in vitro. PMID- 7347587 TI - Effect of culture media for immunogenic strains on the agglutination properties of immune-sera for Staphylococcus aureus typing. PMID- 7347588 TI - Studies on phagocytosis in leukemia II. Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of leukocytes and separated granulocytes of the peripheral blood in acute leukemia. AB - Phagocytic and intracellular killing activities for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains were studies in the 64 cases of acute leukemia. Leukocyte preparations i. e. concentrated white cells in the same proportions as in the patient's peripheral blood (27 cases) and separated granulocytes (35 cases) were used; the control groups consisted of 40 healthy subjects, each. In both methods, a similar defect in the ingesting and intracellular killing capacities could be demonstrated. However, the impairment of phagocytosis was greater in separated granulocytes, and intracellular killing activity, in the leukocyte preparations. The bactericidal activity of phagocytes showed a greater defect than that of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of S. aureus strain proceeded less efficiently as compared with E. coli. During the treatment of leukemia an improvement in the phagocytic parameters could be seen in comparison with pretreatment values. Cytostatics did however, exert an adverse effect on the bactericidal activity of granulocytes, when examinations were made on days of their administration. PMID- 7347589 TI - Clinical and immunological aspects of hepatitis B virus infection in children with haematological malignancies. AB - 143 patients with haematological malignancies were screened at the onset and during the disease for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. HBsAg was found in serum of 38/143 patients (26.5%) in a mean period of 14.5 months after the diagnosis was established. The relationship between immunological status of the patients and the course of the infection was analyzed. In 17/38 patients who developed icteric hepatitis, the mean amounts of E-rosetting lymphocytes were significantly higher than in the anicteric hepatitis group and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. These two groups of patients showed a tendency to persistence of HBsAg and developing of chronic carrier state or chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7347590 TI - [Iconic memory for elementary visual characteristics: on a poorly accessible visual store and the long-lasting icon]. PMID- 7347591 TI - [Expectations of contingency in response-independent feedback]. PMID- 7347592 TI - Functional brain asymmetry, classroom seating, and performance. PMID- 7347593 TI - A Thurstonian approach to probabilistic conjoint measurement. PMID- 7347594 TI - [Intestinal bypass for the treatment of obesity. Its clinical value]. PMID- 7347595 TI - [Hepatitis B antigens systems in schistosomiasis mansoni]. AB - The authors have studied the antigenic systems HBs and HBe and B virus hepatitis in 155 patients with mansonic schistosomiasis and have found: a) 22,5% HBsAg positivity in patients with the hepatosplenic form of the disease which was associated with histologic liver alterations and 8,7% anti-HBs positivity in patients with the hepatointestinal form of the disease which was associated with a preserved liver histology; in controls they have found 1% positivity for HBsAg. b) HBeAg and anti-HBe were of good prognostic value. PMID- 7347596 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer with delayed-action cimetidine]. AB - Twenty patients with duodenal ulcer, clinically diagnosed, were treated. Radiologic and endoscopic controls were carried out. Following a random scheme, a group of ten patients was treated with conventional cimetidine and a group of ten with cimetidine of sustained release. The authors consider that cimetidine of sustained release offers the advantage of minor doses and major facility of administration. Similar results were therapeutically obtained. PMID- 7347597 TI - [Levels of hepatic fats in jejuno-ileal bypass. Experimental study]. AB - Liver failure is a serious complication when small bowel bypass is used for control of obesity. To analyse the changes in liver microscopic morphology and liver fatty acids content, 42 rabbits divided in two groups were studied. The 21 animals of group I had 50% of the distal jejuno-ileum excluded and anastomosed to the cecum. The proximal 50% were anastomosed to the distal 5 cm of the ileum. The 21 animals of group II were used as controls and were submitted to a laparotomy and small bowel manipulation. Liver histology and fatty acids content were studied at the time of these operations and in the 21st postoperative day. No signficant histologic changes were noticed in both groups. A significant decrease in liver fatty acids content was observed in groups I and II. However, the decrease in group II was less pronounced than in group I. This last observation appears to support the theory of liver lipid metabolism impairment after small bowel bypass, even in the absence of obesity. PMID- 7347598 TI - [Chilaiditi's syndrome]. AB - A case of complete and permanent interposition of the intestine between the liver and diaphragm (Chilaiditi's syndrome) is reported. Although it was an accidental finding, the hepato-diaphragmatic interposition may be found in persons with gastrointestinal complaints. The diagnosis only can be done through the radiological examination and it can be differentiated between the large and small intestine interposition by a barium enema. Finally references are made by the authors about the history, pathogenesis, possible symptoms and treatment of this syndrome. PMID- 7347599 TI - [Intrahepatic cholangiodysplasia in 2 brothers. Concept of the entity]. AB - The histopathologic aspects of the intrahepatic dysplasic bile ducts (cholangiodysplasia) found in two brothers, one of them asymptomatic, are discussed. This entity is characterized by interlobular bile ducts proliferation and portal fibrosis, without cholestasis but with chronic active cholangitis. The differential diagnosis and the probable genesis of the cholangiodysplasias are discussed. PMID- 7347600 TI - [Clinical session of the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 7347601 TI - Male factors in infertility--a preliminary report. AB - Findings in 325 consecutive primary seminal analysis done at the Infertility Treatment Centre of IPGMR, are discussed. The clinical profile of the infertile couples was recorded. Semen was examined for quantity, sperm density, motility and morphology. An attempt was also made to correlate past illnesses with the quality of semen. 65 patients (20%) showed azoospermia, while 29 (8.9%) showed sperm count of less than 10 million/ml. History of past illnesses which contribute to azoospermia/oligospermia was obtained in 46% of azoospermia cases compared to only 10% in subjects showing sperm count of over 10 million/ml. Commonest association between azoospermia and past illness was found in the case of small-pox, where out of 31 subjects with past history of small-pox, 15 showed complete azoospermia, one showed sperm density of less then 10 million/ml. PMID- 7347602 TI - Dasherkandi project studies. Demography, morbidity and mortality in a rural community of Bangladesh. AB - The entire population of Dasherkandi, a village near Dacca city was surveyed. Out of 1181 people 44.2% suffered from organic or psychiatric disorders. 37.7% suffered from physical disorders, 3.6% suffered from psychiatric disorders and another 2.9% suffered from both psychiatric and physical disorders. The common physical disorders were worm infestations, hypertension, peptic ulcer, dental problems and upper respiratory tract infection including flu. Females suffered from psychiatric diseases more than males. The psychiatric morbidity found in the survey differed significantly from those found in other similar surveys. Depressive states were the commonest psychiatric disorder and women suffered four times as frequently as men. Anxiety neurosis was the next common psychiatric problem. Both crude mortality and infant mortality rates (5.75 and 93.20 per thousand respectively) were lower than those of other similar studies. The commonest cause of infant mortality during first one month of life was tetanus in this series. Inspite of the fact that diagnosis was based entirely on clinical findings the morbidity rate was high. It was observed that a high percentage of the people who suffered from psychiatric disorders were due to problems which can be easily tackled under field conditions. PMID- 7347603 TI - Frequency of orcein positive HBsAg in liver specimens obtained from medical college museums, medicolegal autopsies and wedge biopsies. AB - 85 liver samples were stained with H & E and orcein. Of these 40 were from medicolegal autopsies, 30 from preserved specimens of medical college museums and 15 wedge biopsies. Three of the five cirrhotic museum specimens showed HBsAg by orcein. The remaining cases including three cirrhosis and two HCC were negative for HBsAg. HBsAg was found to be more frequently associated with cirrhosis. The autopsy samples were histologically normal and HBsAg was not seen. Old museum specimens did not loose their orcein positivity despite preservation in formalin for a long time. PMID- 7347604 TI - Cirrhosis of liver. AB - Clinical analysis of 293 cases of cirrhosis from two moderate sized hospitals in the city of Dacca has been presented. Maximum number of cases were in the age group over 40 with 150 (51.2%) males and 19 (5.8%) females. Significant past history included viral hepatitis (21.5%), kala-azar (11.6%) and malaria (10.24%). History of alcoholism was present only in 16 (5.5%) cases. Weakness (84.3%), weight loss (72%) and anorexia (39.3%) constituted the most common symptoms. Ascites (45%), haematemesis (11.6%) and melaena (28.7%) were the next common symptoms. Hepatosplenomegaly was found in about one-third of the cases. Testicular atrophy was recorded in 41.63% cases whereas gynaecomastia was relatively less common (5.5%). Scanty body hair and white nails were present in almost equal number of cases (14.7% and 18%). The cases presented here are those with overt manifestation. Nevertheless, the clinical features are not materially different from those reported by other authors. In the absence of alcoholism, viral hepatitis is presumably the most important aetiological factor in our cases and the clinical features compare favourably with non-alcoholic cirrhosis of the western writers. Cryptogenic cirrhosis has been considered to be most common type constituting 43.7% of our cases. PMID- 7347605 TI - Effect of norethisterone oenanthate-a long acting injectable contraceptive on cervical mucus changes in adult female virgin rats. AB - The effect of Norethisterone-oenanthate (NET-OEN), a long acting injectable contraceptive on cervical spinnbarkeit and protein content were studied in adult female virgin rats. A single injection of NET-OEN (1 mg/rat) and sacrificed after 3 vaginal cycles produced a highly significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in the spinnbarkeit and a non-significant increase in the protein content of the cervical mucus. But two successive injections of NET-OEN (1 mg/rat each) produced a highly significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the spinnbarkeit as well as a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the protein content. The increased protein content of cervical mucus corroborates the hypothesis that NET-OEN exerts its contraceptive effect primarily through effect on cervical mucus. PMID- 7347606 TI - Under five's morbidity & mortality in Dacca Medical College Hospital & morbidity pattern at P.G. hospital & Lionhati Health Project. AB - The present study was carried out in OPD of PGH, LHP., ID and OPD of DMCH in an attempt to identify the major determinants of health, nutritional and environmental problems which are being faced by children below age five in the urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The mean age of the children who suffer from infectious disease are between 2-3 years old. Children between 1 and 2 year suffer from acute disease and die frequently. Female children attend less in these centres than the fellow male children. Due to socio-economic reasons, traditional joint family system is changing to nuclear type. Static health care institutions are less utilised by rural people. Educated fathers seek care quickly. Low income groups attend more in DMCH (OPD). Mean family size above 6. The sleeping rooms are overcrowded. Immunization is not popular in rural areas. Rural women receive less care related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. Height and weight of these children however, are similar to the national nutrition survey results. The leading cases of morbidity and mortality are from infectious diseases. The study gives an account of health status of rural and urban community. PMID- 7347607 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of human infections produced by intestinal protozoa and helminths in Chile (1970-1980)]. PMID- 7347608 TI - [A coproparasitological survey among school children from the city of Concepcion Chile]. PMID- 7347609 TI - [Present prevalence of scabies and pediculosis capitis among public elementary school children from the North Area of Health, metropolitan region, Chile (July August, 1981)]. PMID- 7347610 TI - [Enteroparasitoses in rural school children from Valdivia province, Chile]. PMID- 7347611 TI - [A coproparasitological survey in the nursery and in the kindergarten of the University of Concepcion Chile]. PMID- 7347612 TI - [Enterobiasis in adult patients of the Oncology and Surgery Services of the Valdivia Hospital, Chile]. PMID- 7347613 TI - [Helminth parasites of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens from the Gulf of Arauco, Chile]. PMID- 7347614 TI - [Researches on Pseudophyllidea (Carus, 1813) in the South of Chile. VIII. Experimental development of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzsch in Larus maculipennis Lichtenstein]. PMID- 7347615 TI - [Tetraphyllidean cestodes from sharks of the genus Mustelus in the Peruvian coast]. PMID- 7347616 TI - [Demyelination and leukodystrophy at an early age]. PMID- 7347617 TI - [Proposed standardization of methods for ambulatory monitoring. II. Morphological atypias]. PMID- 7347618 TI - [The Pordenone study on precursors of atherosclerosis in childhood: Nutritional investigation and results of triglyceridemia]. PMID- 7347619 TI - [The Pordenone study on precursors of atherosclerosis in childhood: choice of samples and results of cholesterolemia]. PMID- 7347620 TI - [Relationships between leisure time physical activity and coronary risk factors in asymptomatic subjects]. PMID- 7347621 TI - [Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Echocardiographic and polygraphic findings]. PMID- 7347622 TI - [Permanent endocardiac stimulation in a case of persistent left superior vena cava]. PMID- 7347623 TI - [Angiocardiography and bidimensional echocardiography in the clinical management of the patient with malformations of the atrio-ventricular canal]. PMID- 7347624 TI - Cluster headache: severity and temporal profiles of attacks and patient activity prior to and during attacks. AB - A detailed clinical study of 77 spontaneous cluster headache attacks has been carried out. The information was recorded during a period when patients were without medication and with the use of methods which were not dependent on the patients' memory of events. The findings stress the usual rapid onset and termination of attacks, and their short duration. There was a preponderance of attacks beginning during sleep and the majority of daytime attacks began when patients were physically relaxed. No significant difference between nocturnal and daytime attacks was found as regards severity or temporal profiles. A significant positive correlation was found between severity of maximal pain and both duration of maximal pain and total duration of attacks. "Abortive attacks" accounted for 16% of attacks. The apparent spontaneous arrest of these attacks does not appear to be due to special features of patient activity prior to or during attacks, nor are they restricted to a refractory period following more severe attacks. PMID- 7347625 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and ergotamine on human superficial temporal artery. AB - Isometric tension was recorded in ring preparations of human superficial temporal arteries contracted by noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and ergotamine. In contrast to NA and 5-HT, ergotamine induced long-lasting contractions refractive to additional stimulations and resistant to repeated wash out. When tested against 5-HT, ergotamine acted as a non-competitive antagonist. When repeating the 5-HT stimulations (4.7 x 10(-5) M) the contractile response decreased indicating tachyphylaxis to this agent. As ergotamine revealed both a vasoconstrictive and a 5-HT-blocking activity, the beneficial effect in migraine may be by an interference during both the vasoconstrictory and vasodilatory phases. PMID- 7347626 TI - Cluster headache. The sweating pattern during spontaneous attacks. AB - Sweating in the forehead, on the eyelids, in the face and on the trunk was measured with the Evaporimeter during 31 spontaneous cluster headache attacks of varying severity in 18 patients. The evaporimeter measures evaporative water loss (sweating + transepidermal water loss) rapidly and accurately as g/m2/h. The patients themselves acted as controls. Sweating was also estimated in 25 healthy individuals at a temperature of 27 +/- 1 degree C, and a mean relative humidity of 19%. During eight severe attacks, sweating in the medial part of the forehead on the symptomatic side was invariably increased. In moderate attacks the increment was less pronounced and in the inter-cycle period, no definite increase was found. The cause of increased sweating during cluster headache attacks remains enigmatic. PMID- 7347627 TI - Factors which contribute to normalization in residential facilities for the mentally iii. AB - There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that normalization is significantly related to improved adaptive functioning among disabled persons. If this is so, then the concept of normalization should be taken into account in program planning. The present study suggests that characteristics of clients such as age and adaptive functioning level contribute to the achievement of high levels of environmental normalization in residential settings, but that characteristics of the residence, particularly its size, and the number of types of disability groups residing in the home, as well as the nature of the community in which the residence is located are even more important than individual characteristics. Some tentative conclusions for planning residential facilities are advanced. PMID- 7347628 TI - Decision makers in law and psychiatry and the involuntary civil commitment process. PMID- 7347629 TI - Community intervention and mental health: a case study of a neighborhood in Jaffa. AB - Guiding principles of the Community Mental Health Center are comprehensiveness and continuity of care. The Community Mental Health Center in Jaffa, Israel, undertook a project in community intervention which, in effect, applied these principles on a community-wide basis. By helping to establish and sustain an inter-agency coordinating body, the CMHC increased the coordination and cooperation between caretaker agencies. This application of the principle of "continuity of care" on a wide scale had a snowball effect on the community with benefits far beyond the immediate mental health sphere. PMID- 7347630 TI - Outcome evaluations in the mental health field. AB - The legislative pressures now dominating the realm of program accountability are moving the mental health system from process to outcome evaluations. While the need for this type of assessment is generally acknowledged, its methodological validity and policy-setting utility are the subject of considerable controversy. Despite these concerns, outcome studies are expected to retain their present priority for some time to come. It is, therefore, essential that administrators, clinicians, and evaluators gain much greater clarity about the outcome study's intrinsic properties and requirements. These include its diverse organizational purposes, the several target populations affected by clinical services, the wide ranging indices of effectiveness, and the numerous data collection instruments of varying psychometric quality. The outcome study's power to conclude whether causal linkages indeed exist between the clinical intervention and client functioning depends upon the sophistication with which these issues are recognized and resolved. PMID- 7347631 TI - Successful urban-to-rural professional role transition. AB - Mental health professionals who move from urban to rural environments to seek changes in lifestyle frequently experience stress in making personal and professional role transitions. Difficulty in making role transitions is a factor that adversely affects the rate of professional retention in the rural mental health field. This article reviews the sociological variables known to affect the ease of transition into new roles utilizing typical rural situations and practice examples to highlight the application of role transition theory to rural practice. The article concludes with recommendations to rural MHC administrators on ways to improve screening procedures for urban job applicants and ways to facilitate the urban professional's transition to rural life. PMID- 7347632 TI - Community support systems: scaling community acceptance. AB - In recommendations for community support systems, there are expectations of public involvement in unprecedented proportions; yet evidence of fundamental shifts in attitudes and behaviors toward the mentally ill is lacking. Considerations of the complexity of public acceptance led to the development of a scale used to measure the extent of support for the chronically mentally ill among 574 randomly selected adults in Leon County, Florida. Comparison of the general population with residents in a neighborhood known to be opposed to community-based services served to establish the validity of the scale. The findings led to recommendations for future research in this area. PMID- 7347633 TI - Utilizing dispersed mental health para-professionals for scattered Pacific islands: a micronesian experience. AB - A mental health program developed for the huge tropical Pacific area of Micronesia is described. Training of para-professionals as mental health coordinators for the six main island districts of Micronesia was undertaken to respond to the most pressing mental health needs of these scattered islands. Adequate follow-up care of the chronically mentally ill was the first priority with less urgent needs addressed secondarily. Frequent on-island visits by the supervising psychiatrist to teach patient-related evaluation and treatment procedures was of importance. A program with dispersed para-professional coverage and centralized supervision may have relevance for other large areas with a scattered and low population. PMID- 7347634 TI - The relationship between morphology and birefringent properties of fish lenses. PMID- 7347635 TI - Preparation and characterization of native lens cell cytoplasm. PMID- 7347636 TI - Glycosidases of normal human donor cornea. PMID- 7347637 TI - Instrument characterization for vitreous fluorophotometry. PMID- 7347638 TI - Temporal factors in the foveal ERG. PMID- 7347639 TI - Differential effect of secondary aqueous humor from rabbit and cat on DNA synthesis of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 7347640 TI - Effect of eyelid suture on development of ocular dimensions in macaques. PMID- 7347641 TI - Preliminary studies concerning the culture of cryopreserved bovine corneal endothelium. PMID- 7347642 TI - [Charnley total hip prostheses (considerations on the short-to-medium term results)]. PMID- 7347643 TI - [Intraoperative femoral fractures during total hip replacement]. PMID- 7347644 TI - [Tarso-metatarsal arthrodesis in therapy of anterior pes cavus. Long-term results]. PMID- 7347645 TI - [Treatment of complicated and recent capsulo-ligament lesions of the knee]. PMID- 7347646 TI - [Intramedullary osteosynthesis of closed diaphysial fractures of the lower limb]. PMID- 7347647 TI - [Arthrodesis of the wrist: technical indication and results]. PMID- 7347648 TI - [High lumbar disk hernias]. PMID- 7347649 TI - [Treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder in athletes. Variant of the Bankart-Delitala technic]. PMID- 7347650 TI - [Osteosynthesis with the Rush nail and cerclage in comminuted fractures of the humeral diaphysis]. PMID- 7347651 TI - [Supracondyloid fracture in children: surgical experience]. PMID- 7347652 TI - [Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in paralysis of the anterior serratus]. PMID- 7347653 TI - [Blount's disease]. PMID- 7347654 TI - [Diabetes mellitus: a risk factor in patients treated with hip prosthesis]. PMID- 7347655 TI - [Calcific humeral epicondylitis]. PMID- 7347656 TI - [Migration and intra-articular penetration of a metal femoral nail 14 years after postoperative osteitis]. PMID- 7347657 TI - [Chiari's osteotomy of the pelvis (slight technical variant)]. PMID- 7347658 TI - [Indications and limitations of the Skoog technic in the surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease]. PMID- 7347659 TI - [Personal experience with the axial external fixation device]. PMID- 7347660 TI - Nocturnal cortisol release during hypoglycemia in diabetes. AB - Nocturnal hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetic persons is often difficult to recognize clinically. It has been suggested that a useful biochemical test to demonstrate this would be the increased excretion of cortisol in the urine during the overnight period. However, of six diabetic persons who had nocturnal hypoglycemia (less than or equal to 2.5 mmol/L), plasma cortisol profiles and overnight urinary cortisol-creatinine ratios were abnormal in only one. In four others the plasma cortisol levels and cortisol excretion indices were indistinguishable from either a normal control group or a group of five diabetic subjects who did not develop nocturnal hypoglycemia. The remaining patient had a raised urinary cortisol-creatinine ratio, but did not show increased plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone, or glucagon during the hypoglycemic phase. These data do not support the usefulness of the urinary cortisol-creatinine index as a marker of nocturnal hypoglycemia in diabetes. PMID- 7347661 TI - Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Prince Edward Island. AB - In Prince Edward Island, all diabetic inhabitants who register annually with the Provincial Department of Health can obtain prescribed hypoglycemic medications and urine testing materials free of charge. Since 1964, this drug program has served as an informal register of the diabetic patients living on the island. Based on the data available, the following observations are made: (1) The prevalence rate of diabetes increased from 0.89% in 1966 to 1.53% in 1977. The prevalence rates increased from 0.05% in the less than 9-yr age group to 8.4% in the greater than 90-yr age group. The prevalence rate of diabetes among school children was 0.19%. (2) The incidence rate was 1.89/1000 in 1977. The highest incidence rate was in the greater than 40-yr age group and the lowest in the less than 10-yr age group. (3) Fourteen and a half percent of the diabetic persons were treated with diet alone, 52.7% with oral agents, and 32.5% with insulin in 1977. (4) In 1978, the cost per diabetic person for providing benefits was: oral agent = $14.88, insulin = $84.75, urine testing materials = $9.29, and education = $38.08. PMID- 7347662 TI - Autonomic nervous function in asymptomatic diabetic patients with signs of peripheral neuropathy. AB - Fifty-two long-term diabetic patients without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and 31 age-matched healthy controls were tested for autonomic neuropathy by deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and an orthostatic test on tilt table. The deep breathing and the orthostatic tests showed significant parasympathetic impairments in patients with signs of peripheral neuropathy. The Valsalva maneuver, which also mainly reflects parasympathetic function, was disturbed in patients with peripheral neuropathy, but only in those with a very long duration of diabetes. Parasympathetic neuropathy was closely correlated with peripheral neuropathy. However, five patients showed signs of parasympathetic neuropathy but not of peripheral neuropathy. Thus, parasympathetic neuropathy can appear before peripheral neuropathy. On the contrary, sympathetic denervation, as shown from the blood pressure reaction to tilting, only appeared in patients with peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7347663 TI - Hemoglobin A1c determinations in diabetic pregnancy. AB - To investigate the relationship of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to average blood glucose concentration and to birth weight of infants of diabetic mothers, HbA1c was determined in 42 consecutive insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women in the third trimester. HbA1c correlated significantly to the average blood glucose levels in the preceding 8 wk (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001). No correlation was found between HbA1c and the relative birth weight ratio (RBWR) for all newborn infants. However, in the major subgroups of pregnancies, White class B and C without prognostically bad signs in pregnancy (PBSP), HbA1c in the third trimester significantly correlated to RBWR (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01). In a subgroup of six pregnant diabetic women in whom HbA1c and blood glucose concentrations frequently were determined from the 13th to the 33rd gestational week, a relationship between HbA1c and the average blood glucose concentration of the preceding 8 and 12 wk in the individual pregnant subject was established. In spite of this correlation, HbA1c was found to be a poor predictor of the average blood glucose concentration in the individual patient. This indicates that HbA1c cannot satisfactorily describe the degree of diabetes control without simultaneous determinations of blood glucose. HbA1c determinations were found to be of value as an additional indicator of the quality of regulation during ambulatory control in diabetic pregnancy because an increase in HbA1c suggested an impairment of diabetic control. The perinatal mortality and morbidity of the infants of diabetic mothers were satisfactory in this series, as only one perinatal death, one nonserious malformation, and two cases of mild respiratory distress syndrome occurred among the 43 infants. PMID- 7347664 TI - Evaluation of a new reflectance photometer for use in home blood glucose monitoring. AB - A new reflectance photometer (Glucometer, Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana) has been developed for use with the Dextrostix reagent strip. The device measures 8 X 17 cm, weighs 330 g, uses AA batteries, and requires no warm-up. High (330 mg/dl) and low (50 mg/dl) calibrations are stored in memory and need be repeated only when: (1) a control solution (100 mg/dl) reading is in error, (2) ambient temperature changes by more than 5 degrees C, (3) a new bottle of Dextrostix is used, and (4) batteries are changed. A 60-s timer with alarm helps make timing of the procedure consistent. Nineteen insulin-dependent and one non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects each performed a minimum of 20 blood glucose determinations over a 3-mo period in the investigators' laboratories. Simultaneous capillary blood samples were obtained for plasma glucose analysis by a comparative method. A total of 602 patient-determined glucose values ranging from 30 to 400 mg/dl were compared with simultaneous laboratory values. These values correlated significantly (r = 0.96, P less than 0.0001, y = 2.6 + 0.92x). The Glucometer-Dextrostix System is an accurate and convenient method for home blood glucose monitoring by diabetic patients. PMID- 7347665 TI - Limitation of fasting plasma glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. AB - We have analyzed data from 3370 OGTTs performed during epidemiologic studies in three different ethnic groups (Micronesian, Polynesian, and Melanesian) in various Pacific countries to examine the value of a single fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl as a diagnostic test for diabetes (defined as 2-h plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl is a highly specific test for diabetes, specificity in the various populations ranging from 98.1% to 99.7%. On the other hand, the sensitivity of fasting plasma glucose was not high and varied greatly between the populations (46.2%-79.0%). The predictive value of fasting plasma glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes was lowest in populations with a low diabetes prevalence and improved in higher prevalence groups. These data indicate that a fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl is not a good screening test, apart from populations with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the 2-h postload plasma glucose is preferable. PMID- 7347666 TI - Evidence, implications, and corollaries. PMID- 7347667 TI - Is NIDDM just a receptor disease? PMID- 7347668 TI - Family characteristics of diabetic adolescents: relationship to metabolic control. AB - This research compares the family environments of diabetic adolescents in good (HbA1c less than 10), fair (10 greater than or equal to HbA1c less than or equal to 14), and poor (HbA1c greater than 14) control. Fifty-eight adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their parents (mothers) were independently assessed with structured interviews, the Moos Family Environment Scale, and adolescents also completed the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. As compared with adolescents in poor control, those in good control reported fewer diabetes-related symptoms and had less anxiety and a more positive self-concept. Well-controlled youths also reported more cohesion and less conflict among family members. More parents of well-controlled youths stated that family members were encouraged to behave independently. In addition, more parents of poorly controlled adolescents believed that diabetes had negatively affected the child's personality, physical well-being, schooling, and participation in activities away from home. These findings suggest a complex interplay between the diabetic adolescent's psychological and physical functioning, metabolic control, and the family environment. PMID- 7347669 TI - A group approach to the management of diabetes in adolescents and young adults. AB - An interdisciplinary team of health professionals developed a model treatment program to improve adherence, self-management, and metabolic control for five inner city, black, young adult, diabetic women. Following an initial in-hospital evaluation, the staff met with the patients as a group once a month for 18 mo. The professional approach was suppurative and nonjudgmental to assist the group members in developing confidence and assuming responsibility for the successful management of their diabetes. Discussions covered the group's educational needs, insulin requirements, and psychosocial problems of adjusting to living with chronic disease. Analysis of clinical findings showed a significant improvement in plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol levels. PMID- 7347670 TI - Readability of self-care instructional pamphlets for diabetic patients. AB - The readability of written instructional materials for diabetic patients is an important consideration in their use. We assessed the readability of six commonly used patient teaching guides on diabetic self-care. In addition, two pamphlets developed by our program for diabetic patients with fifth to tenth grade reading ability were also studied as controls. The difficulty of reading each pamphlet was estimated by a novel computer program which simultaneously measures readability by seven accepted formulas. The scores derived by each formula are expressed individually, in terms of grade level difficulty, and then computed to obtain a composite mean score for each text. The composite mean scores obtained are highly reliable (a = 0.95). The six commercial pamphlets were estimated to have reading difficulty levels ranging from 5.3 to 14.1 grades. A primary factor that contributed to reading difficulty was the frequent use of polysyllabic words, including technical words. Certain individual test scores, not judged to be out of range, deviated from the mean composite scores by as much as 41.2%. The two pamphlets designed by the Kentucky Diabetes Program had composite reading difficulties of 7.5 and 8.2 grade levels, respectively. These data suggest that the use of systematic readability analysis should be carried out and reported for patient instructional material. This assessment should be carried out by multiple formulas to produce a more representative index of reading difficulty than the application of a single test. PMID- 7347672 TI - Reversal in the seasonal clustering of diabetes in multiplex families. AB - We studied attributes of diabetic sib pairs in 138 insulin-dependent multiplex families. Within multiply affected families, there is a large subset of siblings diagnosed only a year or less apart in whom the usual seasonal variation for diabetes is reversed. Furthermore, we confirm that affected sibs tend to cluster for onset of disease. The clustering, however, is limited to those sibs younger than 20 yr. These diabetic patients cannot be categorized by HLA type, and a common environment may play a major role in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7347671 TI - Long-term retention of vision following vitrectomy in diabetic patients. PMID- 7347673 TI - The myth of the diabetic personality. PMID- 7347674 TI - Psychological issues in diabetes. PMID- 7347675 TI - Acute stress and metabolism in diabetes. PMID- 7347676 TI - Is sickle cell trait an additional risk factor for diabetic angiopathy? PMID- 7347677 TI - CSII: an aid to patient selection and training. PMID- 7347678 TI - Radiant lymphography with phosphorus 32 in gynecologic carcinoma. PMID- 7347679 TI - Oral contraceptives and breast disease. PMID- 7347680 TI - Urinary diversion by ileal conduit in gynecologic oncology. AB - In the decade 1967-1977, 663 patients with different gynecologic neoplasms were admitted and treated at our Department. Because of the involvement of the urinary tract, urinary diversion was required in 41 cases. Ileal conduit was performed in 25 patients (20 affected by carcinoma of uterine cervix, 4 by adenocarcinoma of endometrium, 1 by carcinoma of vulva). In 19 patients such procedure was performed immediately after radical surgical therapy; in 6 patients ileal conduit was indicated because of post irradiation fistulas. Few complications were observed and all of them successfully cured. Authors conclude that Bricker operation is still an effective procedure in gynecologic oncology, both as a complement to radical surgery (in selected patients), and as a complementary treatment of recurrences and complications of radiation therapy. PMID- 7347681 TI - Malignant metastatic ovarian melanoma: a case report. PMID- 7347682 TI - Fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) in ascitic fluid of patients affected by ovarian cancer. PMID- 7347683 TI - Prognostic value of skin test in patients affected by advanced ovarian cancer and treated with immunochemotherapy. PMID- 7347684 TI - Fallopian tube carcinoma: report of an unusual clinical case. PMID- 7347685 TI - Surgical management of invasive vulvar carcinoma: a non mutilating technique. PMID- 7347686 TI - Radical pelvic surgical experience in combined treatment of advanced uterine cervico-carcinomas. PMID- 7347687 TI - Right-to-left intracardiac shunt in obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7347688 TI - Patent foramen ovale and hypoxemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - In an obese 50 year-old heavy cigarette smoker with finger clubbing, persistent hypoxemia following an episode of right heart failure proved to be caused in part by a 12% right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale. In this case report, we review the mechanisms of hypoxemia in patients with such a combination of diseases and suggest that the functional opening of a patent foramen ovale is likely to occur in some 25% of patients with right heart failure. PMID- 7347689 TI - Posture-dependent dyspnea and cyanosis after pneumonectomy. AB - Two months after pneumonectomy a 61-year-old man developed progressive signs of a right-to-left shunt, especially in the sitting and left lateral recumbent postures, caused by a previously asymptomatic open foramen ovale. The influence of body position on hemodynamics and ventilation was studied before and after the successful closure of the foramen ovale. PMID- 7347690 TI - Can carbon monoxide be absorbed from the upper respiratory tract in man? AB - To investigate the possible absorption of carbon monoxide into the blood from tobacco smoke confined to the mouth and upper airways, an indirect study was made on 12 normal subjects of the recovery of CO from a bolus administered at various levels during a preceding inspiration. No measurable CO uptake was observed unless the bolus was inhaled early enough in inspiration to reach the alveolar region of the lung. Some movement of a tracer gas, argon, was however seen from the upper airways during breath-holding so that some CO might escape into the lungs this way. No detectable CO uptake occurred in one subject who inspired the bolus into his nasal cavities. We conclude that the elevated carboxyhaemoglobin levels seen in smokers, can only occur when smoke is inhaled into the lung, since no appreciable uptake can occur in the upper airways. PMID- 7347691 TI - Respiratory failure treated by ventilatory muscle training (VMT). A report of two cases. AB - I used ventilatory muscle training by means of repeated runs of isocapnic hyperpnea to improve ventilatory muscle function in two patients with acute respiratory failure superimposed on chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The training was associated with successful weaning from mechanical ventilation and a rapid return to adequate ventilatory function. This method is easy to use and can be started while patients are still intubated. Furthermore, continued post extubation ventilatory muscle training provides further improvement in ventilatory muscle function. PMID- 7347692 TI - Increased lung stiffness of persons with pleural plaques. AB - Forty-five men with asbestos-related pleural plaques detected at a health screening centre were investigated with measurement of lung volumes, airways resistance, ventilatory capacity, transfer factor, gas distribution, closing volume and static recoil pressures of the lung. The men were subjectively healthy, had confirmed exposure to asbestos and had normal chest radiograms apart from the presence of pleural plaques. Most of the men had been exposed to small or moderate amounts of asbestos with a mean duration of 39 years since first exposure. Sixty-seven per cent of the men were smokers or ex-smokers. The lung function was evaluated using regression formulas which included smoking variables. The results clearly demonstrate the presence of lung parenchymal involvement with increased stiffness of the lungs and decreased lung volumes. The change in elastic recoil pressure of the lungs, in total lung capacity and residual volume show significant correlation with measures of asbestos exposure and extent of pleural changes. No synergistic effects between tobacco smoking and asbestos exposure on lung function could be demonstrated. Measurements of the static elastic lung recoil (Pst(max) and Cst/TLC) and total lung capacity were the most sensitive tests for separating the pleural plaque carriers from the controls. PMID- 7347693 TI - Immunostimulation by systemic administration of Propionibacterium granulosum in patients with primary or secondary lung tumours. AB - The effect of a cell suspension of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 given intravenously to patients with advanced primary or secondary lung carcinoma, and simultaneously treated with cytostatic drugs, was estimated. The control group consisted of patients treated with cytostatics only. The clinical state of patients treated with the KP-45 preparation and with this immunostimulant plus cytostatics, was compared by evaluation of tumour size by X ray examination, peripheral blood picture, and biochemical and immunological parameters. Treatment with P. granulosum KP-45 did not cause any serious adverse reaction or complication. No evident inhibitory effect on primary or secondary lung tumour development was observed. However, injections of the KP-45 preparation in cytostatics-treated patients resulted in decreased adverse effect of these drugs on the haemopoietic system and absence of bacterial infections, in contrast to patients treated with cytostatics only. PMID- 7347694 TI - Bacampicillin twice daily: a dose-response study in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - The purpose of the study was to select the minimum effective dose of bacampicillin in a systematic dose-response study in hospitalised patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In all 37 patients Haemophilus influenzae or H. parainfluenzae was isolated from purulent sputum before treatment with 400, 800 or 1200 mg of bacampicillin twice daily for 10 days. There was a significant relationship between the administered dose and clinical results at the end of treatment (P less than 0.01) as well as 1 week later (P less than 0.02). The results show that bacampicillin given twice daily is effective in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, with a minimum effective dose of 800 mg twice daily. A rash was noted in one patient. PMID- 7347695 TI - Repeated upper respiratory tract infections (RURI) in a so-called "normal" population. PMID- 7347696 TI - [Experimental research on microbiological profile of josamycin. II: Findings on the phenomenon of resistance in comparison with other macrolides]. AB - The interactions between josamycin, other macrolides and lincomycin have been considered as far as the microbic resistance phenomenon is concerned, in relation to Staph. aureus strains. It has been possible to give rise to resistance to josamycin as well as to erythromycin even though the daily average increase is far lower for josamycin. Subinhibitory concentrations of josamycin have not provoked resistance in relation to other macrolides while this phenomenon has been observed as far as the use of erythromycin is concerned. PMID- 7347697 TI - [Interaction between endotoxins and the hemostatic system: effect of endotoxic preparations of Rickettsia, Haemophilus and Shigellae on leukocytes and platelets]. PMID- 7347698 TI - [In vitro findings on the current activity of thiamphenicol against bacterial strains when first isolated]. PMID- 7347699 TI - [Inhibitory and fatal activity of amoxicillin, erythromycin and josamycin against Streptococci]. AB - 23 Streptococcus sp. of different serological groups were assayed to evaluate the susceptibility to amoxycillin, erythromycin and josamycin. Inhibitory (CMI) and bactericidal (CMB) activity were compared to minimal lethal concentration (CML) observed at different times from the beginning of incubation to study the kinetic of lethal effect of the three antibiotics. Erythromycin shows an earlier bactericidal efficacy against most of the strains assayed. CMB and CML evaluated after 18 hours of incubation are generally similar, while CML against Streptococci group G, Streptococci group D assayed with macrolides and CML against alpha-haemolytic Streptococci assayed with amoxycillin are higher. PMID- 7347700 TI - [Vaginal bacterial flora under normal conditions and in frequently encountered gynecological pathologies]. AB - The bacterial flora of the female reproductive tract is a central point for the study of infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. The vaginal flora contains a large variety of bacterial species, including both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The reading of the cultures obtained from vaginal specimens in women with genital tract infections is often hard, because some organisms which are normally present in vagina may sometimes involve infectious processes. Bacterial flora was studied in 126 healthy women, in 120 with symptoms of vaginitis, in 28 with inflammation of the cervix and in 102 women previously treated for vaginitis. Comparison among the groups shows little differences in the microbial population between healthy women and patients with genital tract infections. The use of a questionnaire and the obstetrical examination were very important. As quantitative studies are fundamental, the use of methods for semiquantitative bacteriology at least have been necessary to evaluate relationships among vaginal organisms. PMID- 7347701 TI - [Comparative sensitivity of anaerobic germs to cephalosporins. Measurements of the minimum inibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations]. PMID- 7347702 TI - [Trimethoprim-oxolinic acid combination. In vitro interaction, bioavailability and clinical use]. PMID- 7347703 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime and cefoxitin in experimentally induced pleurisy in the rat]. PMID- 7347704 TI - [Inactivation of chloramphenicol by microorganisms sensitive to the antibiotic. A comparison with thiamphenicol]. PMID- 7347705 TI - [Comparative in vitro evaluation of various aminoglycosides]. PMID- 7347706 TI - [Trials of the in vitro antibacterial activity of clofoctol and pharmacokinetic features]. PMID- 7347707 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy by determining serum bactericidal activity]. PMID- 7347708 TI - [Space and time from a scientific viewpoint - report of the annual meeting 1980 of the Germany Academy of Science Leopoldina]. PMID- 7347709 TI - [The first word?]. AB - With regard to the very interesting book by Doris F. Jonas and A. David Jonas "Das erste Wort", some remarks are made on the problem of origin and evolution of language. Human language consists of some strata. The deepest one is the pongid stratum represented by a rest of emotionally used clicks in standard languages but well developed and enlarged in the archaic Bushman language. Each baby produces the labial click which is an instinctive phoneme resulting from the sucking movement and other clicks follow (see text). The second stratum in all languages is given by the system of the global words as mama, papa, dada which have no meaning at first so that mama gets in some languages the meaning "mother" but "father" in some others. A third old stratum is represented by a set of about 300 words (so-called elementary parallels) which are the same in nearly all languages, for example kap "to seize, to grasp, to grip". Furthermore, some notes ae made of the hypothesis given by Jonas and Jonas that in prehistoric tomes the female sex in creating of human language predominated. PMID- 7347710 TI - [Biomorphosis of human fallopian tube mucosa; contribution to the problem of morphology and aging of the uterine tubes. III. Quantitative morphological findings, discussion, literature]. AB - Relating to the present histochemical and quantitative-morphological findings on the biomorphosis of the human tubal mucosa, the morphological changes of the lamina epithelialis proceeding in the woman's regressive age can be summarized as follows: 1. For as long as follicle growth and development of corpora lutea are evident in the ovaries, cyclic changes of the tubal epithelium may be also noticed in the period of the premenopausal age. However, in this phase of life an advancing epithelial dedifferentiation and dissociated epithelial reaction, respectively, are developing. The latter process is characterized by the fact, that an increase of histochemical different cell groups can be observed. Especially, oncocyte-like ciliated cells are striking. In the oviducts of aging women, at the age of 45 to 50, the height of the epithelium is on the average greater than the one in the organs of younger women. The height is reaching its "maximum" perimenopausally (short time before and after menopause). 2. Individual degenerative epithelial transforming and regressive processes are taking place, and different rapidly these processes result in a low dedifferentiated and inactive tissue. When the ovarial function cease, then the tubal epithelium are very rapidly formed to a flattened lamina, which contain reactive and unreactive cells arranged side by side in groups or singular. These cells may be visualized up to the high age. Contrary to this, it is possible to exhibit proliferative epithelia consisting of high cylindric ciliated and unciliated cells in other groups of oviducts still many years after menopause. The persistence of such an epithelium existing up to the high postmenopausal age are appreciated as a steroidhormone effect. At the beginning of the menopausal time secretory differentiated epithelia are also evident. 3. It is postulated, that the biomorphotic changes of the human tubal mucosa are decisively dependent on the functional and structural biomorphosis of the female endocrinium. The tubal epithelium adapt to humoral situation, structurally and functionally. An experimental ascertainable sensitivity to hormones exists up to the senium, so that still stimulated epithelia can be also induced in this phase of life. It is permitted to consider the hyperplastic and oncocytes-like epithelia as structural changes of aging, which are proceeding independent of endocrine function. 4. A loss of function, differentiation and sensitivity to hormones characterize the result of aging of the tubal epithelium. PMID- 7347711 TI - Histological and DNA level changes in the thymus gland of rats as induced by simultaneous injections of adrenaline and hydrocortisone. PMID- 7347712 TI - [Analogy of pressure and cranial sutures]. PMID- 7347713 TI - [Changes of cell organelles in the developmental and aging process of heart and liver]. AB - A systematic comparative investigation into the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure of rat hearts and livers during postnatal development and ageing shows that there are similar and opposing changes within the hepatocytes and cardiocytes and their components. These processes are represented in male rats from birth up to the age of 27 months. The morphometrical examinations include cytoplasm, lipids, glycogen, mitochondria as well as primary and secondary lysosomes. The development of organs constitutes a dialectical unity of continuous and discontinuous processes within the cells characterized by degenerative as well as regenerative and synthetic processes. This results in transformation of the structural organization of the cells during the whole life. PMID- 7347714 TI - [Model of the macromolecular organization of trophoblast basement membranes in relation to placental age]. PMID- 7347715 TI - Some parameters for a cell cycle cytotopochemical study. AB - With the Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow double reaction we dosed, simultaneously on a cell, [1] the DNA nuclear content (as Feulgen positive material), [2] the protein cell content and [3] the Feulgen chromatin area; the degree of condensation is expressed by the ratio [1]/[3]. The evolution of the lymphocytes culture at different times of PHA stimulation was in this way studied with the aim of defining the existence of cell subpopulations pertaining at different phases or subphases of the cycle. PMID- 7347716 TI - Prevention: quest for land of healthful living. PMID- 7347717 TI - The prognosis of cancer and the PPD reaction. PMID- 7347718 TI - A finite element analysis of tibial component design in total knee arthroplasty. PMID- 7347719 TI - Advantage of using noradrenaline with intraarterial chemotherapy. PMID- 7347720 TI - Supra-iliac skinfold thickness in relation to blood pressure. PMID- 7347722 TI - The effects of acute hypercalcaemia on blood pressure and electrocardiogram. PMID- 7347721 TI - Impact of home sanitary condition on skin diseases prevalent amongst school children in Surat District-South Gujarat. PMID- 7347723 TI - Health care and its problems in West Bengal. PMID- 7347724 TI - Some thoughts on phasic development of health programmes. PMID- 7347725 TI - Loosening of arthroprostheses of the hip and cementation technique. Present state of the problem. AB - The aim of this paper is to define the present situation regarding the problems concerned with loosening arthroprostheses of the hip and their possible prevention. Loosening is nowadays considered to be the most worrying complication of this kind of surgery. It arises from various factors, one of which is the technique of "cementation". Experimental studies and clinical data have demonstrated the importance of inserting the cement accurately with a view to preventing loosening. PMID- 7347726 TI - Exostosis: development, evolution and relationship to malignant degeneration. AB - The authors report a study of 408 cases of exostosis (318 single and 90 multiple) from the records of the Tumour Centre of the Rizzoli Institute. Special attention was paid to the relationship with peripheral chondrosarcoma, 73 cases of which are also in the records of the Institute, and were separately studied. The authors conclude that it is impossible to determine the incidence of malignant transformation of solitary exostosis. The incidence of malignant transformation of multiple exostoses in the present case material was 13 per cent, but the true incidence would undoubtedly be higher if all patients were followed up for life. PMID- 7347727 TI - Pedicled tendon transfer in the repair of subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. AB - During the last few years the author has used a new surgical method of treating subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon. This is particularly appropriate in severe cases where the gap resulting from the rupture of degenerated tissue does not permit direct suture. The method has been used in ten cases. It consists of splitting the tendons of tibialis posterior and peroneus brevis and using the freed hemitendons as pedicled transplants. The plantaris tendon is used as a reinforcement. The operation is completed by folding down a flap of the superficial aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius. The results have been consistently good. PMID- 7347728 TI - Arachnoid cyst. AB - Arachnoid cyst is a rare cause of cord compression; less than a hundred cases have been found in a critical review of the literature. A case observed personally is reported to illustrate and discuss some special aspects of this syndrome. Some of the characteristics that differentiate it from other cystic formations of the meningeal sheaths are emphasized. PMID- 7347730 TI - Chondrolysis of the hip (idiopathic and secondary forms). AB - The writers describe one case of idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip and four cases of chondrolysis secondary to slipped upper femoral epiphysis, all followed up from two to six years. So far as the writers know, idiopathic chondrolysis has not previously been reported in the literature in a male of the white race after the end of skeletal growth. In this case biopsy disclosed necrosis and fibrosis of the articular cartilage with extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the synovial membrane and in the subchondral medullary spaces. In all the cases described there was gradual regression of pain and improvement in the radiographic appearances within about one year. Moderate limitation of movement persisted, however, especially internal and external rotation. In all cases the treatment consisted of protected weight bearing and physiotherapy. PMID- 7347729 TI - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues. AB - The authors report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues. They review the characteristics of this neoplasm, with particular reference to the differential diagnosis with chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma and reticulosarcoma. PMID- 7347731 TI - Report on two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the pelvis treated by selective arterial embolization. PMID- 7347732 TI - Diffuse skeletal angiomatosis. AB - Diffuse skeletal angiomatosis is a very rare syndrome. Since it was first observed by Shennan in 1915 only fifty-five cases have been reported in the literature (Rondier et al., 1977). It therefore seems that the description of a new case, accompanied for the first time by ultrastructural findings, may offer a new insight into the pathology of this disease. PMID- 7347733 TI - A case of xanthoma tendinosum associated with Fredrickson's type 4 hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - Primary xanthoma tendinosum is a very rare condition. The cases so far reported in the literature (200) have been standardised and linked to Fredrickson's type 2 or type 3 hyperlipoproteinaemia. The case reported here, however, is allied to Fredrickson's type 4 hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 7347734 TI - Stress radiography of the patello-femoral joint. AB - A new method has been devised to visualize the patello-femoral joint on axial radiographs under weight bearing conditions. Stress radiography of the patello femoral joint is done with the patient standing and bearing weight on the knee to be examined. The technique is simple and the views obtained are easy to interpret. The method is equally applicable in non-weight bearing axial radiography of the patello-femoral joint. PMID- 7347735 TI - Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium (clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural investigations). AB - The authors report a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium (FIO). Only four cases diagnosed during life have previously been described in the literature. This is an extremely rare disease of entirely unknown aetiology. Clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural investigations were carried out. The most significant finding was the abnormal structure of the bone tissue, which was studied both by optical and electron microscopy on three successive biopsies of the iliac crest. In addition to deficient synthesis of the collagen fibrils, important anomalies related to the proteoglycans and the cellular elements were demonstrated. These have not been reported in previous cases. Some significant analogies with experimental lathyrism are also discussed. PMID- 7347736 TI - A radio-isotopic investigation of the morphological and functional changes in pathological conditions of the synovial membrane of the knee joint. AB - Patients with hydrarthrosis of the knee, whatever its origin, always exhibit a change in synovial permeability. This can be detected by scintigraphy (visualization of the site and extent of the hydrarthrosis) and scintimetric investigation. In the present study, patients with hydrarthrosis of the knee of a degenerative, inflammatory or traumatic origin, received an appropriate dose of 99mTc pertechnetate, and a gamma camera was used as the detector. At the same time a scintimetric study was carried out to provide a quantitative assessment of the rate of absorption of the radio-isotope. This indicates the functional state of the synovial membrane. The results of these investigations are of value both in diagnosis and in treatment. PMID- 7347737 TI - The effect of open-versus closed-set procedures in the perception of compressed speech. PMID- 7347738 TI - Brain stem evoked response (wave V) latency to filtered pulses. AB - BSER-Wave v latencies were obtained to filtered pulses centered at .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, and 6.3 kc/s presented monaurally at a rate of 10/sec to 7 normal-hearing Ss, aged 20-29 yrs, at 50, 40, 30, and 20 db HL. Wave V latencies were measured from the first compression of the stimulus waveform. BSERs were extractable at all frequency and intensity combinations except that they were not recoverable from some Ss at 20 db HL at .25 and .5 kc/s. A decrease in frequency and intensity caused a systematic increase in Wave V latency and a depression in waveform amplitude. Wave V latency shifts due to frequency and intensity changes generally agreed with the results of other investigators. PMID- 7347739 TI - A comparison of half- vs full-list speech discrimination scores in a hearing impaired geriatric population. AB - Speech discrimination testing using a recorded List A of the CID W-22 test was completed on 76 elderly persons with varying degrees of sensorineural hearing impairment. Half- and full-list scores were compared and the statistical analysis provided support for half-list testing with this population. Variability in scores was discussed relative to expected variation based on previous data by Thornton and Raffin (1978). Recommendations were made concerning alternatives to the presentation of the entire 50-item list. PMID- 7347741 TI - Unmasking in loudness matching and in forward-masking paradigms. PMID- 7347740 TI - Perception of synthetic speech sounds by hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Volunteers (7 men, 8 women) with mild to severe hearing losses listened by monaural earphone to 5 series of computer-synthesized speech syllables, and identified each token. Presentation level 30 db SL. The 5 series consisted of (a, b) steady-state vowels varying from to [o] and from [o] to [a], (c,d) CV syllables varying from [ba] to [wa], and from [da] to [ya], differing in the rate of formant transitions at onset, and (e) CV syllables varying from [ba] to [da] differing in both direction and extent of formant transitions from locus to vowel. All hearing-impaired Ss categorized the vowels essentially the same as normal control Ss; some had difficulty identifying the stop vs glide series, and all but 2 were unable to identify the [b-d] series normally. A few impaired Ss improved at a presentation level close to tolerable limits. Results imply a "hierarchy of difficulty" based on the nature of the spectral cue in different speech sound types. PMID- 7347742 TI - The sternomastoid differential orienting response: why we face the speaker. PMID- 7347743 TI - The effect of oxygen inhalation on temporary threshold shift in humans. AB - To examine the effects of an increased oxygen supply on the establishment of noise-induced TTS in humans, 20 Ss were exposed for 10 min to a narrow band of noise centered at 3 kc/s at 100 db SPL, while inhaling either a 60% or a 90% oxygen-air mixture. In a control condition, these Ss inhaled air only while being subjected to the same noise. In the 10 Ss who had inhaled the 90% mixture, TTS was less than when they had inhaled air (delta TTS - 2.06 db, p less than 0.25). Delta TTS (0.07 db) for the 10 Ss who inhaled the 60% mixture was not significant. A further 5 Ss inhaled the 90% mixture for 10 min with no noise exposure; there was no effect on the hearing threshold levels. It was concluded that inhalation of at least 90% oxygen-air for 10 min does not affect HTLs but does reduce TTS. A re-examination was suggested of the possibility that there is a relationship between auditory fatigue and supply of oxygen to cochlear structures. PMID- 7347744 TI - Visual tracking of auditory stimuli. AB - A white noise sound stimulus was emitted successively in an anechoic chamber across 24 loudspeakers equally spaced in the horizontal plane in a semicircle with diameter of 11 ft. Eye movements produced by each of 20 normal-hearing young adults in the center of this arc who tracked the sound at 10 different velocities (15--180 degrees/sec) were recorded with standard ENG methods. During each rotating cycle of the stimulus the eyes were able to follow the sound with discrete saccades, but did not produce nystagmic-like movements. Increased stimulus velocity resulted in (1) diminution of the amplitude of the tracking cycles, (2) decrease in the number of saccades, and (3) increase in the average velocity of the eye. Ss performed better with lights on than off. The additional quantitative findings from the present study further indicate the limitation in the ability of human Ss to localize a moving acoustic source in space. PMID- 7347745 TI - Early auditory evoked potentials in infants with craniofacial malformation. AB - The early auditory evoked potential was evaluated for 10 infants with craniofacial malformation between the ages of 1--20 months. The stimuli were broadband clicks presented at 60 db re normal adult threshold. Resultant data were compared to the normative data of Salamy and McKean (EEG clin. Neurophysiol., 1976, 40, 418-426). Peripheral transmission times suggest varying degrees of hearing loss for 8 of the 10 infants; central transmission times were delayed for 6 of the 10 infants. The results suggest that brainstem auditory development may be altered in the infant population exhibiting craniofacial malformation. PMID- 7347746 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Introduction. PMID- 7347747 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. The effects of the holocaust on life-cycle experiences: the creation and recreation of families. PMID- 7347748 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Discussion: the effects of the holocaust on life-cycle experiences: the creation and recreation of families. PMID- 7347749 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Integration and self-healing in posttraumatic states. PMID- 7347752 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Words before we go: the experience of holocaust and its effect on communication in the aging survivor. PMID- 7347753 TI - Brief psychotherapy for unresolved grief in an 82-year-old-man. AB - This man experienced in old age the torment that occurs when early fantasies that underly anxieties are enacted in real life. His elderly wife, when she became confused, ordered their son to drive him from the marital home. When the wife died, the son kept the news from the husband until after the burial. These acts created in reality the fantasy of a reversed oedipal situation, with the son succeeding as a competitor for his father's wife. If the father had resolved his own oedipal strivings satisfactorily, presumably he would not have feared such competition. But there seemed to have been some early environmental failure that had prevented him from integrating in the process of maturation his own wishes for his mother and his fears of his father. Yet, despite the patient's advanced years, the early failure situation seemed to fade as he used the therapy not only to work through his grief, but also as an opportunity to experience anew in the transference a more facilitating environmental adaptation to his needs. PMID- 7347750 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Father hurt and father hunger: the effect of a survivor father's waning years on his son. PMID- 7347751 TI - The aging survivor of the holocaust. Discussion: reconciliation between the generations: a last chance. AB - Reconciliation of conflicts between aged parents and their adult offspring is a criterion of successful aging. It requires inner psychological changes in those involved. Dr. Herzog's case history illustrates such inner change in the son of an aged father who was a survivor of the Holocaust. The patient had suffered a form of transmitted traumatization affecting his psychological development. Studies of posttraumatic reactions of survivors and of traumatization in the second generation have been reviewed briefly. Persistent aftereffects of trauma may aggravate problems of aging. As the example given in this paper illustrates, knowledge of the impact of the Holocaust experience can help us to recognize transmitted traumatization in individuals whose experiences were not related to the Holocaust. PMID- 7347754 TI - The nurses' aide and the team approach in the nursing home. PMID- 7347755 TI - Ergology: a problem-posing discipline. PMID- 7347757 TI - Significance of fatigue feeling measurement in industrial fatigue research. PMID- 7347756 TI - Subsidiary behavior of truck drivers in rear-end collisions. PMID- 7347758 TI - How great will the stature of Japanese eventually become? PMID- 7347759 TI - Predicting maximal oxygen uptake of workers engaged in agricultural tasks. PMID- 7347760 TI - Implication of modern technology to geographical distribution of Japanese diving fishing. PMID- 7347761 TI - Relationship between segmental and whole body weights and volumes of Indians. PMID- 7347762 TI - Epidemiological study on the change of mobility of the thoraco-lumbar spine and body height with age as indices for senility. PMID- 7347763 TI - Principal component analysis of spontaneous physical movements in sustained standing posture of children. PMID- 7347764 TI - Relations between direction-of-motion stereotypes for controls in living space. PMID- 7347765 TI - Effect of exercise on cognitive processing in adult men. PMID- 7347766 TI - Modulation of inflammatory peritoneal cell function and metabolism by methotrexate. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in cancer chemotherapy, although the effects of MTX on cellular antitumor defense mechanisms are poorly understood. To evaluate the effect of MTX on the cellular inflammatory response, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with four daily i.p. injections of MTX or a control vehicle. Rats treated with daily doses of 1.2 mg/kg MTX demonstrated a significant reduction in number of peritoneal exudate cells, specifically macrophages, collected 96 hours following the inflammatory stimulus. To determine if metabolic perturbations also occur upon exposure to MTX, glucose oxidation and protein synthesis by inflammatory cells were monitored in vitro. At a MTX concentration of 10(-3)M, peritoneal exudate cell 14C-1-glucose and 14C-6-glucose oxidation was significantly depressed. 14C-1-leucine incorporation into TCA precipitable protein was inhibited at 4 x 10(-3)M MTX. Peritoneal exudate cell viability was not altered at these concentrations of MTX. These results demonstrate that MTX, at therapeutic concentrations, can depress the influx of macrophages to a inflammatory site and also diminish energy metabolism and protein synthesis by inflammatory cells. PMID- 7347767 TI - Studies on type II collagen induced polyarthritis in rats. Effect of complement depletion. AB - The effect of cobra venom factor on the developing and the established lesion of collagen-induced rat polyarthritis has been examined. In the developing lesion, decomplementation by cobra venom factor results in a delay in the onset of inflammation and a decrease in the radiological parameters of joint destruction. Under the conditions of the decomplementation, antibody titers to collagen are not decreased. In the established lesion, treatment with cobra venom factor has no effect, on either the inflammatory lesion or the various radiological parameters of joint destruction. PMID- 7347769 TI - [Symposium: experimental and clinical studies of gastrointestinal sphincters]. PMID- 7347768 TI - [Cyclic activities of the digestive tract during fasting]. PMID- 7347770 TI - A socio-medical study on 71 cases of infanticide in Japan. PMID- 7347771 TI - Protective activities of the commercially available human immunoglobulin as well as a fresh human serum against various opportunistic infections. PMID- 7347772 TI - [The pediatrician and his adolescent patient]. PMID- 7347773 TI - [Testicular growth following surgery for inguinal hernia in infancy]. PMID- 7347774 TI - [Follow-up study after correction of hypospadias]. PMID- 7347775 TI - [Enuresis--caused by brain maturation retardation?]. PMID- 7347776 TI - [Hypersplenism in portal hypertension in childhood before and after portosystemic anastomosis with and without splenectomy]. PMID- 7347777 TI - [Effect of non-damaging heat on germ content of human milk]. PMID- 7347778 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica and Reiter's disease in childhood. A case report]. PMID- 7347779 TI - Observations on the chromosome number in the first and the second cleavage division of mouse embryos derived from fertilization in vitro. PMID- 7347780 TI - [Damage caused by wearing contact lenses throughout the day]. AB - Seventy-eight contact lens patients issued with soft HEMA lenses were examined in order to establish reasons for intolerance. The examination was carried out in conjunction with a questionnaire designed to furnish information about the habits of the contact lens patients. Less than 50% of the patients had been advised to have their lenses checked. Almost all the patients wore their contact lenses all day without interruption. On average they had been wearing the lenses for up to 17 hours per day over a 3.3 year period. In approximately 2/3 of the cases the eye had suffered some damage and in approximately 1/3 of the cases the effects were more serious. Patients who had worn their lenses for even longer periods of time had suffered still more severe eye damage. However, microbiological findings, allergies to the cleaning fluids, reduced tear production, incorrect lens fit and severe deterioration of the lens material were not found to be the prime causes of intolerance. Photographs shot by SEM showed evidence of defects of the corneal surface after the HEMA lens had been worn 18 hours. PMID- 7347781 TI - [Cryotherapy in vernal conjunctivitis]. AB - Twenty five patients (mostly boys between the ages of nine and 14) suffering from vernal conjunctivitis were treated by cryotherapy. Three cryocycles, each of one to two minutes' duration, consisting in contact freezing at -160 degrees C, were performed under local anesthetic. There was very rapid regression of the acute inflammatory symptoms within a few days. At the same time, the eosinophil count in the smear preparation decreased considerably. The "cobblestones" only flattened out in the course of several weeks, following repeated sessions. PMID- 7347782 TI - [Congenital bone dysplasia and vitreoretinal degeneration]. AB - Morbus Kniest was described by Springer and Wiedemann as an early form of dysplasia spondylo-epi-metaphysaria. The syndrome is combined with vitreoretinal degeneration. It is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, like Morbus Wagner. We report on a case with dwarfism and cataracta complicata. The diagnosis must be differentiated to Morbus Morquio. PMID- 7347783 TI - [Siemens I syndrome--a case history]. AB - Report on a patient suffering from keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (Siemens I syndrome). This ia a very rare clinical picture, at least in its complete form. The patient's father and brother are suffering from an abortive Siemens I syndrome. The condition is a form of hereditary parakeratosis, a spinulose keratosis with typical localization in the eyes and on the skin. Causal therapy is not possible; attempts at conservative and surgical treatment are described. Prognostically, the condition will probably come to a standstill at puberty. The description of this case is intended to illustrate the necessity of close cooperation between dermatologist and ophthalmologist. PMID- 7347784 TI - [A portable binocular slitlamp-microscope and ophthalmoscope]. AB - A portable instrument for examination of the anterior segment and of the fundus is described. With the slitlamp-microscope examinations of the cornea, anterior chamber, iris and lens can be performed which are comparable to those carried out with the office slitlamp. The instrument also serves as a monocular or binocular indirect ophthalmoscope for fundus examinations. PMID- 7347785 TI - [Genetic counseling for parents of children with impaired vision]. AB - What is the empirical risk of children being born with a disease or malformation? In healthy families, the parents being normal, the probability is 2 to 4%; when the parents are first cousins, although healthy, it is 5%. Of course, the risk if greater in affected families. When the mother or father is affected and there is no consanguinity, the risk if 20%, but when the parents are first cousins, it is 32.5%. When both parents are affected it is 100%. When the parents are normal but one child is affected, the risk for the other children is 25%. When the mother or father is affected and there is already one child affected, the risk for the other children is 50%. When a grandparent is affected, the risk for the grandchildren is 10%. When an aunt or an uncle is affected, the risk for the nephews and nieces is 7%. With regard to genetic counseling, the parents must understand that no physician can guarantee that a child will be normal. They must also understand that the mendelian risks are the same for each pregnancy. Finally, they must know that for each child there is a 2 to 4% risk of a major congenital anomaly. From the human and psychological point of view, the physician must convince the parents that they are not responsible and that both the husband and the wife may carry pathologic genes, as every individual carries 2 to 10 pathologically recessive genes. Finally, it is not the geneticist's responsibility to impose a decision. Only the parents can decide whether they want more children or not. PMID- 7347786 TI - [Prophylactic treatment of retinal detachment]. AB - The indications for and results of prophylactic treatment of retinal detachment during a period of five years are reported and compared with the results in the literature. Half of the cases (3 out of 6 eyes) which developed a retinal detachment had been horse-shoe tears combined with a vitreous hemorrhage. For this reason a small buckle operation is recommended in these cases, to prevent further traction. Lattice degeneration should rather be observed than treated, except in special cases: This includes eyes where the fellow eye had a detachment from a lattice degeneration, cases in which one eye is blind from an uncured detachment or has no useful visual acuity, and eyes whose fellow eye has giant tears. In aphakic eyes treatment of lattice degeneration is recommended, because the incidence of detachment from these areas is high, especially in young aphakic cases. In one aphakic eye which had been photocoagulated several times the formation of a preretinal membrane was observed. PMID- 7347787 TI - [Binocular sensory defects in intermittent divergent strabismus]. AB - Intermittent divergent strabismus represents an entity in terms of motoric characteristics rather than in its sensorial basis. Separate investigations were carried out in two clinics on 156 patients. The results were evaluated together, the authors discussing each case. Only in 27 cases was the condition cured. The main group comprised 78 patients with subnormal binocular vision based on facultative microexotropia and instable/normal correspondence. Basic microexotropia with obligate ARC was found in 51 cases, i.e., more often than expected. Testing the stereo threshold proved to an inadequate criterion for cure. PMID- 7347788 TI - [Prognosis of functional healing of infantile strabismus]. AB - One hundred and forth-three patients suffering from infantile strabismus, who had undergone surgery on the horizontal eye muscles between the ages of 0 and 6 years were re-examined with the aim of establishing a correlation between the date of operation and functional healing (binocular single vision in space). In 89 patients (62%) a cosmetically satisfactory result (alignment) was achieved. The number of operations and functional healing (binocular single vision in space). In 89 patients (62%) a cosmetically satisfactory result (alignment) was achieved. The number of operations needed decreased with increasing age. Of the 89 patients with alignment, 61 (69%) were found to have binocular single vision in space, while 13 (15%) patients presented with stereopsis. Impairment of functional results was found to correlate with higher age at the first operation or on the date when alignment was reached for the first time, respectively. In cases with amblyopia or vertical divergences which had received insufficient postoperative treatment, attainment of binocular single vision or, respectively, the stability thereof was impaired. Therefore, with respect to functional healing, early surgical correction of strabismus is only recommended if adequate postoperative conservative and/or surgical after-treatment is assured. The postulate that successful functional healing can only be achieved by operations up to the second year (early surgery) is not supported by our data. PMID- 7347789 TI - [Ocular findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, HMSN type I]. AB - The ocular findings are described in nine patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy, who were also classified as suffering from Type I hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy on the basis of genetic, clinical and electromyographic studies. Although only three patients admitted to visual symptoms and all nine patients had full vision in both eyes, combined visual evoked potential and contrast sensitivity testing revealed optic nerve involvement in one or both eyes of seven patients. Four patients showed impaired accommodation and tonic pupils, and electroretinography revealed pigmentosa-like tracings in two patients. The high percentage of subclinical optic nerve lesions has not been previously reported; however, the remaining findings are in agreement with those of previous authors. PMID- 7347790 TI - [Differential diagnosis of amaurosis fugax by tonography]. AB - In unilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery tonography shows the differences in amplitudes in a comparison of the two sides; in bilateral stenosis it shows markedly reduced amplitudes with an intermittent absence of the pulse amplitudes. When extrasystoles occur there are characteristic reductions in the amplitudes. As a result, this method of examination can be very important in the differential diagnosis of amaurosis fugax. Thanks to its simplicity and the fact that an ECG can be made simultaneously the method has a wide range of clinical applications. PMID- 7347791 TI - Changes in numbers of additions to mental health facilities, by modality, United States, 1971, 1975, and 1977. PMID- 7347792 TI - Skeletal sarcoidosis with osteopenia. AB - Diffuse osteopenia is not generally recognized as a radiological manifestation of skeletal sarcoidosis. Furthermore, the pathologic correlates of the skeletal abnormalities in sarcoidosis are poorly characterized. We quantitated the histomorphometric parameters of bone formation and resorption in a transiliac crest biopsy specimen from a patient with sarcoidosis, diffuse osteopenia, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria, who was treated only intermittently with corticosteroids and thiazides. Peritrabecular granulomas were associated with the histologic features of accelerated bone remodeling, namely: excess osteoid; increased numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts; increased osteoclastic resorbing surfaces; and increased bone formation rate. We conclude that the peritrabecular granulomas of skeletal sarcoidosis may result in rapid bone turnover with diffuse osteopenia which may contribute to the abnormalities of mineral metabolism. PMID- 7347793 TI - Bone histomorphometry in hemodialysed patients. AB - We performed bone histomorphometry in thirty hemodialysed patients. Ten patients had a double iliac bone biopsy to estimate bone histomorphometry reproductibility. There was no difference between the mean results for each of the 10 patients at each site. However, there was an intra-individual variation which was small for the parameters of formation and particularly osteoid thickness and mineralizing rate and greater for resorption parameters. Mineralization rate appeared the most reliable and discriminant parameter. These 30 patients were separated in two groups according to their mineralizing rate (MR); patients with an MR greater than 0.3 mu/day were in group I and had severe hyperparathyroidism without major impairment of bone mineralization and high formation rate. They also had high serum alkaline phosphatases and high serum parathyroid levels measured with a COOH terminal antibody (iPTH). Patients with a low MR less than 0.3 mu/day (group II) had a severe mineralization defect with low formation rate, normal alkaline phosphatase and significantly lower levels of iPTH than in group I. This last type of histological bone lesion could not be due to aluminum intoxication since the level of serum aluminum was the same in the two groups. The mineralizing defect appeared to be inversely correlated with the percent of osteoid surfaces covered by osteoblast and with the iPTH level. These data suggest that during the course of renal osteodystrophy PTH stimulates not only bone resorption but also bone mineralization by increasing osteoblastic number. PMID- 7347794 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone(s) on mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets. AB - The mean wall thickness of iliac trabecular bone packets was determined in undecalcified iliac crest bone specimens from 14 hypothyroid patients, 14 hyperthyroid patients and 28 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Calcification rate and fractional resorption, formation and labeled surfaces in trabecular bone from the patients were measured by conventional histomorphometric methods after double-labeling with tetracycline. The mean wall thickness was increased in the hypothyroid patients (58,9 microns), while no change was demonstrated in the hyperthyroid group (52,5 microns) as compared to the controls (54,0 microns). Calculated estimates of trabecular bone remodeling at the "Basic Multicellular Unit" level showed longer periods of resorption, formation and total remodeling in the hypothyroid than in the hyperthyroid patients. PMID- 7347795 TI - Bone density in the iliac crest. AB - An analysis of variance of the volumetric density of trabecular bone (Vv), expressed in percentage of the total bone volume was carried out to determine the quantitative degree to which inter-individual and intra-individual differences in bone composition contribute to sampling variation of Vv values. Samples were obtained from the iliac crest of ten deceased males (aged 46 to 73) without clinical signs of bone disease. A total of 800 separate duplicate values for Vv were obtained. The average values for Vv within the area of interest ranged from 13.9 to 28.2 with a mean of 21.4. The analysis of variance, based on 160 values, showed that inter- and intra- individual differences in bone composition contributed in about equal parts to the total variance. The standard deviation for intra-individual differences(si) was 4.4 and the standard deviation for inter individual differences (sp) 4.2. Total standard deviation (s) for all measurements was 5.9 and the standard deviation for duplicate measurements (sd) was 0.7. These data indicate that Vv is subject to much variation in a single individual because of inadequate sampling and not the measuring procedure. At present the procedure is most valuable in large groups of individuals. Consideration of the relative contributions of various factors to sampling variation is essential to proper planning and interpretation of bone histomorphometry. PMID- 7347796 TI - Bone cell kinetics and function during experimental uremia. AB - Bone cell kinetics and function and chondrocyte kinetics were evaluated in uremic rats and their pair-fed controls using quantitative histology and 3H-thymidine labeling. The principle histologic abnormality in the proximal tibial metaphysis of uremic rats was a relative abundance of proliferating and differentiated bone cells. No mineralization abnormalities were observed. There was increased proliferation of bone cells and an increased rate of differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclast nuclei in uremic animals. There was no change in chondrocyte kinetics, indicating a dissociation of the normal bone elongation and bone maturation processes. The data on osteoclast number and hard tissue suggest individual osteoclasts in uremic animals have sub-normal resorbing efficiency. It is proposed that the cell kinetic alterations are due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. The cause of osteoclast inefficiency is uncertain, but may be related to (1) deficiency of active products of vitamin D; (2) chronic uremia; and/or (3) chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7347797 TI - Transplacental effects of cortisone acetate on calcification and ossification of long bones in mice. AB - The transplacental effects of cortisone acetate on the skeleton of neonatal mice has been investigated. Pregnant mice were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg cortisone acetate daily on days 11-19 of gestation. The mice were allowed to deliver and pups were weighed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and compared to controls. Light microscopy of non-decalcified longitudinal sections of bones revealed mineral precipitates throughout the zone of hypertrophic cartilage most prominent on days 1, 3 and 5 and gradually disappearing on days 10-20. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular calcification of maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes in addition to abnormal calcification of the interstitial substance. Hydroxylapatite crystals were not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy of long bones revealed a wide zone of calcified intercartilagenous matrix representing the calcified proliferating and hypertrophic zones. In this area, the calcospherites varied in size (0.5-1.4 mu in diameter) and were found in both longitudinal and transverse septa. No significant differences in the distribution and shape of cartilage matrix vesicles between experimental and control animals was observed. However, the fact that mineral crystals in experimental animals was not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles points to the possibility that this "pathological calcification" may utilize a different mechanism than the normal process through matrix vesicles. PMID- 7347798 TI - Purification and further characterization of isolated matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone. AB - Extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone were isolated by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation. Further purification was performed by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Control tissues, kidney and liver, were processed according to the same procedures. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of bone matrix vesicles revealed two peaks of enzymatic activity: "light" and "heavy" vesicle-enriched fractions. Electron micrographs revealed a higher degree of purification of the "light" rather than the "heavy" vesicle-enriched fraction. This coincided with the high levels of enzymatic activity detected in this fraction. Preparations obtained from kidney and liver had significantly lower levels of activity of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase as compared to the bone matrix vesicle fractions. There were also differences in the positions of enzyme activity peaks in the sucrose gradient fractions from the three tissues studied. Electron microscopic examination of kidney and liver fractions revealed structures larger than the purified bone matrix vesicles. In addition no electron-dense material was found within organelles from kidney and liver and they were studded with numerous ribosomes. Our observations indicate that the present method of isolation and purification yields fractions of matrix vesicles which are specific to bone and are significantly different from those obtained from kidney and liver. PMID- 7347799 TI - Disturbances of food-getting movements after ablation of the motor or premotor cortex in cats. PMID- 7347800 TI - Changes in steady potential level and in brain bioelectrochemical potential during orienting and conditioned reflexes in rabbits. PMID- 7347801 TI - Correlation between EEG changes in the cortex, thalamus, and mesencephalic reticular formation during defensive conditioning in rabbits. PMID- 7347802 TI - Relations between command neurons of feeding and avoidance behavior in Helix lucorum. PMID- 7347804 TI - Characteristics of defensive conditioning in rats in different stages of circadian activity. PMID- 7347803 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in motor cortex neurons during recovery of impaired visual function. PMID- 7347805 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex and caudate nucleus on extinctive inhibition of a food conditioned reflex to sound. PMID- 7347806 TI - Influence of decrease in noradrenalin and serotonin levels in rat brain on defense and food-procuring conditioned reflexes. PMID- 7347807 TI - Effect of nembutal anesthesia, electric shock, and shock avoidance conditioning on acetylcholinesterase activity and protein content in various regions of the rat brain. PMID- 7347808 TI - Influence of proadifen, an inhibitor of the metabolism of drugs, on the action of imipramine and desipramine in rats. AB - The influence of proadifen (SKF-525-A), an agent inhibiting the metabolism of drugs, on the antidepressant action of imipramine (IMI) and desipramine (DMI) in rats was investigated. Proadifen antagonized the action of IMI when investigated in reserpine hypothermia and ptosis and in the behavioral despair test. The action of DMI in the same tests was not changed by proadifen. Proadifen lowered the level of DMI and increased the level of IMI in rat brains. The results permit to draw the conclusion that DMI plays an essential role in the action arising from IMI administration, that is, the noradrenergic--and not the serotonergic- mechanism is of essential importance. PMID- 7347809 TI - A model of experimental atherosclerosis in pigs. Part III. Electroretinography and the diameter of retinal vessels. AB - Domestic pigs were fed with high lipid diet (HLD) for 24 weeks. Electroretinographic studies and the measurement of the diameter of retinal arterioles were investigated before and after the administration of HLD. The most significant change produced by HLD was negativization of electroretinogram. At the same time the diameter of retinal arterioles was significantly decreased. PMID- 7347810 TI - The influence of bradykinin in vitro on uptake and release of dopamine by rat striatal synaptosomes. AB - Bradykinin differently affected the uptake of 3H-dopamine (assayed in synaptosomes separated by two methods: centrifugation and filtration) under various conditions of amine and investigated peptide concentration. 3H-dopamine uptake (assayed with the method of centrifugation) was depressed by cocaine, and bradykinin potentiated this effect. Similarly ouabain inhibited the dopamine uptake and this effect was potentiated by bradykinin. Bradykinin did not influence or potentiated the release of tritium from synaptosomes previously incubated with 3H-dopamine. The results indicate that bradykinin modifies the uptake and release of dopamine in rat striatal synaptosomes. PMID- 7347811 TI - The effect of sodium salicylate on body temperature in normothermic and febrile rabbits with enhanced level of Cu2+. AB - Increased level of Cu2+, induced by intravenous injection of CuCl2 at a dose of 2 mg Cu2+/kg in normothermic and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide treated rabbits, enhanced the antipyretic effect of sodium salicylate. Furthermore, in the presence of CuCl2, sodium salicylate caused a fall of body temperature in normothermic rabbits. PMID- 7347812 TI - Participation of the aortal nerve in reflectory release of 11 hydroxycorticosteroids during noradrenalinemia. AB - Intravenous infusion of 30 micrograms/kg noradrenaline (NA) produced reflectory pituitary-dependent release of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) in rabbits and sheep. It has been demonstrated that the afferent tract carrying the impulses stimulating this process runs from the circulatory system in aortal nerves (nn. depressores). The study has revealed the relationship between the increase in the plasmatic levels of 11-OHCS and endogenous adrenaline (A) during pharmacologically induced noradrenalinemia. PMID- 7347813 TI - Search for possible CNS depressant compounds: Part II. Synthesis of some new 1 (2'-methoxy-4'-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-substituted arylidene-5-imidazolones as CNS depressants. AB - Some new 1-(2'-methoxy-4'-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-substituted benzylidene, furylidene and naphthylidene-5-imidazolones have been synthesized and tested on their CNS. anticonvulsant and analgesic activities in albino mice. At a dose of 200 mg/kg they displayed CNS depressant properties producing ataxia, decrease in spontaneous motor activity and loss of righting reflex. They also exhibited mild anticonvulsant activity in the pentetrazol test. PMID- 7347815 TI - Changing patterns of sexual behaviour. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Symposium of the Eugenics Society London 1978. PMID- 7347814 TI - Isolation and gas chromatographic method for determination of N-amino-3 bromophenylsuccinimide (IL-16) in rabbit blood. PMID- 7347816 TI - Transsexualism. PMID- 7347817 TI - The development of sexual function therapies after Masters and Johnson. PMID- 7347818 TI - The orgasm: a sociological consideration of the interpretation of physiologically derived response norms. PMID- 7347819 TI - [DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the 3d edition), a new diagnostic criteria in the United States]. PMID- 7347820 TI - [Conditions of the "mentally disturbed criminals" described in the White Paper on Crime (2)--with special reference to their management and repeated offenses]. PMID- 7347821 TI - [Levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in two factories with various hepato-toxic risks]. AB - The Authors have studied AST and ALT enzymatic activities in the workers of two firms, the former of which (tannery) with a high and the latter (boot and shoe factory) with a low level of hepatic-toxic risk. The influence of various trouble factors such as age, sex and seniority was eliminated through appropriate statistical techniques. A significant difference was evidenced between AST and ALT levels in two firms, chiefly attributable to the quantity and quality of the substances utilized in the two technological cycles: trichloroethylene, chromium, sulphuric acid, mineral oils, ammonia, N-hexane, pentanes acetone, ciclo hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride. PMID- 7347822 TI - The interference of bacterial contamination of the urine with the electrophoretic demonstration of Bence Jones Proteinuria. PMID- 7347823 TI - [Hexokinase activity of erythrocytes in cancer patients]. AB - In the present work we have considered the following erythrocyte enzymatic activities; hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase (6PGD), glicero phosphate isomerase (PHI) and glutathione-reductase (GR) in the red blood cells of 130 subjects of which 55 were healthy or with non cancerous pathology and 75 with malignant tumors. Evident modification has been shown only for the HK which together with fructose-6-phosphate-kinase (PFK) and PK are limiting steps of glycolysis. The increased HK activity value resulted particularly significant in red blood cells of patients affected by well differentiated adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7347824 TI - [New methods for the group identification of beta-hemolytic Streptococci]. PMID- 7347825 TI - Myoglobin and cardiospecific enzymes levels in serum of pregnant women during delivery and in cord blood plasma specimens. PMID- 7347826 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in the study of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system Preliminary results]. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of CSF proteins as an adjunct to laboratory diagnosis of neurological inflammatory diseases. The results of polyacrylamide and cellulose acetate electrophoresis of 42 CSF samples from control subjects and patients with various inflammatory diseases of CNS are presented. A comparison between results from both techniques is made. The polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis has been found valuable in the study of liquoral proteins with particular attention to gammaglobulins because this resolving power is superior to the other method. However, the Authors emphasize the importance of distinguishing the genetically determined proteins and haptoglobins and of the use of specific criteria in interpretation of a CSF protein pattern. PMID- 7347827 TI - [The significance of the radioimmunological of serum myoglobin in myocardial infarction]. AB - The Authors carried on a study in a group of 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The controled particularly the following dates: myoglobinemia (MG) with RIA and myocardial necrosis enzymes with traditional methods. Blood has been drawn from patients every 90 min, during the first 8 h of admission and every 4 h during the following 4 days. Important variations of MG have been detected in 80.6% of cases. These is an early increase in MG (within 4 h in 25.8% and within 8 h in 45.1% of cases) and normal values are reached in a time not longer the 72 h. The maximum value is reached in a shorter time than that creatine phosphokinase (CPK). We can therefore confirm that MG is a useful data in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in preenzymatic stage. PMID- 7347828 TI - [Diagnostic significance of assaying glycoproteins, immunoglobulins, complement fractions and carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural and peritoneal exudates and transudates]. AB - The Authors have determinated the concentration of some glicoproteins, IgG, IgA and IgM, C3 and C4 and CEA in 61 peritoneal and pleuric effusions, of various aethiology. Results obtained for glicoproteins and C3 appear to have a diagnostic value in distinguishing inflammatory and neoplastic effusions from non inflammatory and non-neoplastic forms. A greater diagnostic value can be attributed to the results of the CEA which is constantly and almost exclusively increased in neoplastic effusions. PMID- 7347829 TI - [Serum lipids in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The following lipidic fractions were determined in a population of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in a control group: total cholesterol, triglycerides, total phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids. The assays were repeated four times during the hospitalization of the patients admitted for AMI. With respect to total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, our findings correlated well with the results published in literature, inasmuch as they confirmed positive interrelation for total cholesterol/AMI and triglycerides/AMI ratios and a negative interrelation for HDL cholesterol/AMI ratio. During the 20 days following infarction, these three parameters decreased to significantly lower values. The relationship linking total phospholipids and HDL-phospholipids to myocardial infarction has not yet been sufficiently investigated and the few available seem rather contradictory. The results which we have obtained seem to indicate a connection between increased total phospholipids and AMI, whereas HDL-phospholipids do not seem to provide any discriminant indication. PMID- 7347830 TI - [Comparison between two enrichment media for "Yersinia enterocolitica" isolation]. PMID- 7347831 TI - [Kinetic analysis of bromosulfophthalein in alcoholic liver disease]. AB - The Authors evaluated BSF kinetics in 100 subjects affected by hepatic disorders of different degrees of progression produced by chronic alcoholic abuse in comparison with 22 healthy subjects. CBSF and Ke, model independent parameters, were found to discriminate better among groups; model dependent parameters showed, above all, a progressive reduction of fractional hepatic uptake (a) as liver damage worsens and a typical pattern of cirrhosis, especially of decompensated form, characterized by a high fractional hepatic plasma reflux (b). BSF kinetics also showed the early cholestatic effect produced by alcohol. Even if kinetic analysis proved useful, from a clinical point of view, the Authors feel that the simple 45 min BSF retention test and still better the one for Ki (uncorrected initial slope of the disappearance curve) are sufficient to detect and discriminate among the different stages of liver alcoholic diseases. PMID- 7347832 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of 2 methods of determining surface antigen (HBsAg) in various forms of hepatitis B pathology]. AB - A passive haemoagglutination method (rHA) was compared to a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) in detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in order to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity. The test was performed on sera from 297 subjects with acute and chronic hepatitis, 23 asymptomatic HBsAg-RIA positive carriers, 20 patients with infectious mononucleosis, 110 HBsAg RIA negative healthy persons; 30 sera positive for rheumatoid factor and/or autoantibody were also tested. Our data confirm that RIA is highly specific and rarely shows false negative results, depending on antibody excess, rHA shows less sensitivity than RIA in detecting HBsAg especially in sera of patients with acute hepatitis. PMID- 7347833 TI - [Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in chronic liver diseases]. AB - In 214 patients with different chronic liver diseases and in 31 controls the plasma lipids (total and esterified cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and lipoproteins have been evaluated. The liver patients were classified not only according to traditional diagnostic criteria, but also using a functional classification based on the evaluation of biosynthetic alteration and cholestatic damage, separately assessed in all patients. Parenchimal liver diseases and cholestatic diseases show different and specific plasma lipids and lipoprotein abnormalities. In parenchimal diseases (notably cirrhosis) a reduction of the plasmatic level of total, esterified and HDL cholesterol, without significant changes of triglycerides and lipoproteins was observed. As documented by functional classification, the reduction of total and esterified cholesterol correlates significantly with the degree of biosynthetic alteration. This finding may be related to the reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis, probably associated with a decreased serum activity of the lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), due to impaired hepatic enzyme synthesis. PMID- 7347835 TI - A comparison of lactose broth and MacConkey broth in the presumptive stage of MPN (most probable number) method for recovery of coliforms in shellfish. PMID- 7347836 TI - [Later sequelae after irradiation. Cell composition in irradiated bone marrow sections]. PMID- 7347834 TI - [Choice of criteria in the revision of the ABAC system for the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - The limitation of the ABAC system for the automated antibiotic sensitivity test is the fixed number of antibiotics to be assayed. This limit is partially overcome by the up-dating of ABAC disposables necessary both for bacterial infectious pathology (considerably various and dinamic) and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Accordingly, research is constantly producing new antibiotics particularly in the beta-lactamine and aminoglycoside fields. In these groups new antibiotics must be found to substitute the old ones in the ABAC disposables, in particular in relation to Gram-negative bacteria (urinary or not). The preparation of a rotor for experimental use containing new antibiotics not present on the market is proposed to evaluate their validity through a rapid and standardized method. PMID- 7347837 TI - [Roentgenologico-topometric planning for the irradiation of uterine and cervix regional carcinomas and their regional lymphatic metastases]. PMID- 7347838 TI - [Structural solution to the Greifswald Neptune 10p linear accelerator project from the viewpoint of radiation protection]. PMID- 7347840 TI - [Late effects of superlethal nonuniform gamma radiation with maximal dose to the abdomen]. PMID- 7347839 TI - [Structural solution to the Greifswald afterloading project from the viewpoint of radiation protection]. PMID- 7347841 TI - [Significance of cell membrane defects in tumor cells from body cavity effusions during and after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy]. PMID- 7347842 TI - [5-hour Radioimmunologic LH test for ovulation detection]. PMID- 7347843 TI - [TRH-TSH test and thyroid hormone status in thyroid metabolic disorders and obesity]. PMID- 7347844 TI - [Evaluation of renal perfusion scintigraphy--clinical and experimental comparison with roentgenologic methods]. PMID- 7347845 TI - [Use of experimental lymphogranulomatosis in SJL/J mice for testing labeled radiopharmaceuticals for positive scintigraphy]. PMID- 7347846 TI - [99mTc trapping under T3 for testing thyroid gland suppression during thyrostatic therapy of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7347847 TI - [Radioimmunoanalytical determination of hepatitis Be antigen (HBEAg)]. PMID- 7347848 TI - [Radioimmunoanalytical determination of hepatitis A viral antibodies]. PMID- 7347849 TI - [Radioimmunoanalytical determination of hepatitis B e antibodies (HBeAb, anti HBe)]. PMID- 7347850 TI - Psoriasis. PMID- 7347851 TI - The current status of nitrites in the management of angina pectoris. PMID- 7347852 TI - The influence of host factors on drug response. V. Endocrinological, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7347854 TI - Drugs during pregnancy: a therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 7347853 TI - Criteria for selection of antibiotics in empiric therapy of presumed gram negative infection. PMID- 7347855 TI - The influence of host factors on drug response. VI. Hepatocellular diseases. PMID- 7347856 TI - [Plasma zinc and copper levels in apparently healthy school children from a low socioeconomic level]. PMID- 7347857 TI - [Evaluation of therapeutic counterproof in the diagnosis of celiac disease]. PMID- 7347858 TI - [Blood pressure values in Chilean urban school children. II. Percentile distribution]. PMID- 7347859 TI - [Bronchodilator agents in obstructive bronchitis in infants]. PMID- 7347860 TI - [The role of the father and the role of the mother]. PMID- 7347861 TI - [Bayesian study of school performance according to 10 neurological tests]. PMID- 7347862 TI - [Immunologic evaluation of measles vaccine in preschool and school children]. PMID- 7347863 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7347864 TI - [Prolonged febrile syndrome and joint pains as relevant symptoms of craniopharyngioma in a child]. PMID- 7347865 TI - [Health examination of school children of a high socioeconomic level, a descriptive study]. PMID- 7347867 TI - [Hypersensitivity reactions]. PMID- 7347866 TI - [Clinical approach to the child with recurrent infections]. PMID- 7347868 TI - [Intraparenchymal hepaticojejunostomy by the Champeau hepatic resection technic]. PMID- 7347870 TI - [Pain (up-date)]. PMID- 7347869 TI - [Meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 7347871 TI - [The placenta and infection]. PMID- 7347872 TI - [Abetalipoproteinemia and acanthocytosis in a 3-month-old infant]. PMID- 7347873 TI - [Transient bacteremia and bacterial endocarditis (prophylaxis)]. PMID- 7347874 TI - [The physiology of walking (up-date)]. PMID- 7347875 TI - [Activity of selected lysosomal enzymes in children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7347876 TI - [Elements of risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with primary gout and its behavior as a function of the basic treatment]. PMID- 7347877 TI - [Glucose utilization and collagen production in cultures of human fibroblasts as influenced by vitamin C]. PMID- 7347878 TI - [Cardiovascular changes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7347879 TI - [Pseudorheumatoid paraneoplastic syndrome]. PMID- 7347880 TI - [Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and coxarthrosis in direct epidemiological studies]. PMID- 7347881 TI - [Incidence of depression in patients with locomotor diseases]. PMID- 7347882 TI - [Hemolytic anemia in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7347883 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 7347884 TI - [Clinical evaluation of metindol ointment in movement disorders]. PMID- 7347885 TI - [Forms of specialist supervision in rheumatology]. PMID- 7347886 TI - [The application of Law 194/1978 in our hospital. Study of its use in the first 5 semesters]. PMID- 7347887 TI - [Prevention and suppression of lactation with bromocriptine: analysis of the results in 153 cases treated at the Civil Hospital of Isernia]. PMID- 7347888 TI - [Correlation between blood concentrations of E2, P, T, A and HCS in induction of abortion in trimester II and ultrasonic monitoring]. PMID- 7347889 TI - [Pregnancy in a subject with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma during therapy with bromocriptine]. PMID- 7347890 TI - The optimal opening angle of the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. AB - The basic design of the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis has not been changed during the 12 years that it has been used in clinical practice for 2578 valve replacements at Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm. A 10-year survival rate of 65%, including operative mortality, was achieved in the first 125 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement. Certain improvements have been made, however, with the introduction of a convexo-concave pyrolytic carbon disc and an integral inflow strut. In order to optimize valve function, the opening angle of the disc was increased to 70 degrees, thereby decreasing disc rotating velocity significantly at opening impact and with less strut wear. Diminished downstream turbulence is encountered with the 70 degree opening angle. There is nothing to be gained at present by widening the opening angle still further, as an increased pulsatile regurgitation would more than outweigh the advantages obtained by the reduced gradient. PMID- 7347891 TI - Repair of double-outlet right ventricle. Experience of 13 cases. AB - Surgery for double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) was performed in 13 patients between November 1974 and January 1979. Subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD) was present in 11 patients, complicated forms of DORV in 2 patients and 5 patients had important concomitant cardiac defects. Six infants (mean age 0.6 years) without pulmonary stenosis (PS) required operation because of pulmonary hypertension, whereas the 7 patients with PS underwent surgery at a considerably later stage (mean age 6 years). Interventricular tunnel-repair established continuity between the systemic ventricle and great artery in 12 patients. One case with subpulmonic VSD was managed by transposition of both venous return and arterial outflow, while the use of valved external conduits was generally avoided. Atrial incision was sufficient to permit complete intraventricular repair in 8 patients, including one pulmonary valvulotomy. Important co-existing PS was otherwise treated as in cases of tetralogy of Fallot and required transannular patch grafting in 2 instances. Hospital mortality was 3/13 patients (23%) and mainly confined to serious associated cardiac malformations which were not amenable to correction. All 10 survivors are functionally improved 1.5-5 years after surgery. Clinical and invasive re-evaluation (3 patients) could not identify the development of systemic ventricular outflow tract obstruction. One patient, who underwent enlargement of a restrictive VSD, presented angiographic evidence of a moderate aortic incompetence. No other important complications were associated with the tunnel-repair and none of the 10 survivors had complete heart block. PMID- 7347892 TI - Left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement. Report of two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Rupture of the left ventricle following mitral valve replacement occurred in 2 women among 520 patients (0.4%) during a 17-year-period at the Beilinson Medical Centre. In one patient, a delayed, type II rupture, followed by immediate exanguination, resulted from a 31 mm cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis inserted in a normal sized left ventricle. In the second patient, an intra operative type I rupture occurred as a result of an over-zealous resection of a heavily calcified valve and annulus. Repeated attempts at surgical repair were unsuccessful. A review of 46 previously reported cases revealed several other factors that might be responsible for this complication which carries a 40-100% mortality rte, depending on whether it is diagnosed intra-operatively or in the immediate postoperative period. These factors and the variety of surgical approaches used for the repair of this grave complication are discussed. PMID- 7347893 TI - Thrombosis of a porcine xenograft in the aortic position. A case report. PMID- 7347894 TI - Tricuspid atresia corrected with valved xenograft conduits. AB - In eight patients from 1976 until 1980, tricuspid atresia (TA) was corrected with valved xenograft conduits between either the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery or between the right atrium and the rudimentary right ventricle. All patients suffered from transient right-heart failure postoperatively and eventually developed normalized cardiac function throughout the first two months after operation. At recatheterization one year postoperatively, the right atrial pressure had generally only increased slightly, the pulmonary artery pressure was normal in all patients and only minor pressure differences were present across the valved conduits. X-ray examination showed normalization of the heart size in the majority of the patients, and in those with conduits between the right atrium and the right ventricle a considerable enlargement of the right ventricular chamber together with normalization of right ventricular contractility had developed. Arterial oxygen saturation, haemoglobin and haematocrit valves had normalized in all patients. One patient died postoperatively of intractable right ventricular failure, septicaemia and intravascular coagulation, and another was uneventfully re-operated on two years postoperatively because of conduit thrombosis. Clinical results were gratifying. Two patients with valved conduits between the right atrium and the right ventricle showed a normal unrestricted level of activity without medication, while patients with valved conduits between the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery were digitalized with an almost normal level of activity. Early repair with valved conduits of patients with TA is advocated. PMID- 7347895 TI - Plasma colloid osmotic pressure during open-heart surgery using non-colloid or colloid priming solution in the extracorporeal circuit. AB - Two different priming solutions for the heart-lung machine were compared in 14 patients during aortic valve replacement. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and albumin in plasma, blood erythrocyte volume fraction (B-EVF) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) (FIO2 = 1.0) were followed before, during and after perfusion. The two priming solutions were 2,000 ml Ringerdex (7 patients) or 1,800 ml Ringerdex + 200 ml 20% albumin (7 patients). COP and B-EVF were normal before bypass. After 10 min on bypass, when about 1,000 ml of crystalloid cardioplegic solution had been given, COP was reduced by about 50% and B-EVF fell to 23%, indicating a small loss of water from the circulation when compared with in vitro dilution curves. COP was slightly lower in the non-colloid group (p less than 0.02). Both COP and B-EVF remained unchanged during perfusion, despite transfusion from the heart-lung machine of a mixture of blood and crystalloid solution with a calculated very low COP (6 mmHg) and B-EVF (15%). After perfusion the restitution of COP and B-EVF was rapid and parallel. Both returned to normal levels after 2 hours. There was a good correlation between COP and albumin measured in the same plasma samples (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). At one hour after bypass PaO2 (FIO2 = 1.0) tended to decrease in the non-colloid group, compared with preperfusion level. 40 g of albumin was a too small amount of colloid to diminish substantially the reduction of COP during perfusion. The unchanged levels of COP and B-EVF during perfusion, despite further dilution as well as the parallel normalization after perfusion, can only be explained by loss of water from the circulation. PMID- 7347896 TI - Pulmonary oxygenation, central haemodynamics and glomerular filtration following cardiopulmonary bypass with colloid or non-colloid priming solution. AB - Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP), blood erythrocyte volume fraction (B-EVF), arterial oxygen tension at an inspired oxygen concentration of 30% (PaO2 (FIO2 0.3)), cardiac index, stroke volume, arterial mean pressure, left atrial mean pressure, pulmonary av-difference of oxygen (Ca-v O2) and creatinine clearance were studied in 16 patients during isolated aortic valve replacement. The patients were divided into two groups with different priming solutions in the oxygenator. In the non-colloid group 2,000 ml of Ringerdex was used, while the colloid group had 1,600 ml of Ringerdex and 400 ml of albumin 20% (80 g). COP differed significantly between the groups (p less than 0.01) during and for 1 hour after bypass. The greatest reductions were 56% and 30%, respectively. Haemodilution (los B-EVF) was of longer duration in the colloid group. No differences between the groups were found with respect to pulmonary oxygenation, myocardial behaviour or glomerular filtration rate. Cardiopulmonary bypass produced no changes in cardiac index, stroke volume, arterial mean pressure, left atrial mean pressure, Ca-v O2 or creatinine clearance in either of the groups. PaO2 (FIO2 0.3) remained unchanged in the non-colloid group and showed a small but significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in the colloid group. No positive effects of a colloid prime were demonstrated. PMID- 7347898 TI - The effect of haemodilution on arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, intracranial and intra-ocular pressures in pigs. AB - During the open-heart surgery, haemodilution is performed before extracorporeal circulation is started by the sampling of autologous blood and substituting an electrolyte solution. Following extracorporeal circulation, first the machine blood and then the autologous blood is reinfused. The haemodilution and reinfusion procedures lead to alterations in blood osmolality and tissue fluid distribution, initiating changes in arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, intracranial and intraocular pressures. These changes were studied in pigs. It is believed that these potentially hazardous pressure alterations can be minimized through proper handling of the procedure. This study presents some of the mechanisms involved. PMID- 7347897 TI - Intra-ocular pressure before, during and after extracorporeal circulation in pigs. AB - Variations in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) were demonstrated before, during and after extracorporeal circulation in pigs. Most probably both the observed increase and reduction in IOP may be explained by corresponding changes in blood osmolality, blood pressure and body temperature. In contrast to clinical findings, no increase in IOP was observed during the period of extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 7347899 TI - Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. AB - A new approach to the challenge of surgical treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch is described. Former techniques have been dependent on separate cannulation of the cerebral arteries, but induction of deep total body hypothermia to 15 degrees C and circulatory arrest is considered to give sufficient time for resection of the aneurysms and completion of the anastomoses. This is made possible by excising the aneurysms in such a way that the orifices of the three arch vessels are trimmed to leave a small cuff of tissue around the vessels, thereby reducing the number of anastomoses to three. The successful treatment of three patients with this method, is reported. PMID- 7347900 TI - Closed subclavian artery injuries. PMID- 7347901 TI - Infected aortic graft. PMID- 7347902 TI - Extraction of fragments of intracardiac catheters with the Dormia urological catheter. PMID- 7347903 TI - Sleeve resection of the left main bronchus. A new technique. AB - Bronchial sleeve resection, as an isolated procedure or combined with lobectomy, is today a widely accepted treatment of endobronchial adenoma. Among the inherent technical problems is adequate ventilation of the contralateral lung after opening of the bronchus on the affected side. This problem is easily solved by using the Carlens double-lumen tracheal tube when a sleeve resection is planned on the right side or on the left side distally to the bifurcation of the main bronchus. PMID- 7347904 TI - Bilateral primary bronchial carcinoma. AB - Three cases of bilateral primary bronchogenic carcinomas, one simultaneous and two consecutive, were encountered among 1033 patients treated for primary lung malignancies. Consecutive bilateral surgical resections were performed in two instances. The third case underwent irradiation therapy alone. The risk of developing a second primary bronchogenic carcinoma increases during survival time. Therefore, all patients successfully treated for lung cancer should have lifetime follow-up examinations. PMID- 7347905 TI - Tracheo-oesophageal fistula caused by cuffed tracheal tubes. AB - Two patients with tracheo-oesophageal fistula following endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy are reported. In both cases the fistulas were related to inflammation of the cuffs distal to the tracheostomy. Two kinds of surgical treatment were performed: (1) Resection of 3 cm of the cervical trachea, closure of the oesophageal fistula opening with absorbable sutures and interposing a muscle flap of the left sternohyoid muscle. (2) No resection of the trachea. Direct closure of the fistula openings, and interposition with fixation to the trachea of a vascularized intercostal muscle flap via a right-sided thoracotomy. For optimal results of surgery, the pre-operative requirements should include control of septicaemia and gastrobronchial regurgitation, establishment of spontaneous ventilation and correction of malnutrition. For these purposes, the gastrostomy and transgastric jejunostomy regime was important in our patients. The simultaneous use of tracheal and oesophagus tubes is considered a risk factor in development of tracheobronchial fistulas. PMID- 7347906 TI - Differentiated treatment of intrathoracic oesophageal perforations. AB - A series of 44 consecutive patients with oesophageal perforation treated during the ten-year period 1969-1978 has been reviewed. Thirty perforations were caused by oesophagoscopy using a rigid instrument, often combined with dilation and/or biopsy, 4 were caused by a fibreoptic instrument and 10 were spontaneous ruptures. A benign stricture was the most commonly associated lesion in the oesophagus. Six patients with an iatrogenic perforation were treated conservatively without mortality. These patients were characterized by mild symptoms, early recognition, minor leakage from the oesophagus and no communication to the pleural cavity. Fourteen patients were treated with closed thoracic drainage. The overall mortality among these patients was 70%, but for those with a spontaneous rupture it was 100%. Twenty-four patients were treated surgically with a mortality of 20%. Individualized treatment is recommended. PMID- 7347907 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the middle third of the oesophagus. A case report. AB - A rare case of spontaneous rupture of the middle oesophagus is reported. The patient was a previously healthy 20-year-old woman. The oesophagus was ruptured by eating hot soup. The rupture was diagnosed and repaired about 52 hours after the mishap. However, the patient recovered uneventfully and the postoperative oesophagoscopy and oesophagography findings 2 months and 6 months after the rupture were normal. PMID- 7347908 TI - Reconstruction of the thoracic oesophagus using autotransplanted small intestine. An experimental study in the piglet. AB - A technique for overbridging thoracic oesophageal defects with revascularized intestinal autotransplants was evaluated in 32 piglets. A microvascular end-to side anastomosis was performed between the 1.5 mm transplant artery and the aorta. Specially constructed vascular scissors were used to cut a suitable opening in the aorta. The venous anastomosis was performed between the transplant vein and the hemiazygous vein. After partial oesophageal resection, the revascularized autotransplant was interposed between the oesophageal ends and anastomosed. The series carried a high rate of complications, but the study showed, however, that the technical prerequisites exist to perform this kind of operation. PMID- 7347909 TI - New surgical correction of central airway collapse in an asthmatic patient. AB - Circumferential support of the trachea and main bronchi is a new surgical method of preventing the collapse of the major airways. Heavy Marlex mesh is applied around the trachea and main bronchi and fixed with a Histoacryl adhesive. A severely asthmatic woman with total tracheal collapse during coughing underwent such a surgical application treatment successfully. PMID- 7347910 TI - Parkinson's disease and occupational exposure to organic solvents, agricultural chemicals and mercury--a case-referent study. AB - Parkinson's disease has been associated with heavy occupational exposure to carbon disulfide, and this solvent, as well as other organic solvents, may cause neurotoxic effects. Therefore, the hypothesis was raised that organic solvents in general may be associated with Parkinson's disease. A case-referent study design was applied, and some other suspected exposures were studied as well. The diagnosis registers of two Swedish hospitals were used as the source of subjects. Male in-patients with Parkinson's disease (the cases) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (referents), with symptom appearance between 35-69 a of age and residence in the vicinity of the hospitals, were included in the study. Occupational exposure to the chemicals under study were determined from questionnaire answers of 91 cases and 75 referents. No differences in exposure frequency to organic solvents in general were observed, but three cases had been exposed to carbon disulfide compared to none of the referents. Six cases, but only two referents, had been exposed to mercury, and further exploration of a possible association between exposure to mercury and Parkinson's disease is recommended. The outcome of the study does not support the hypothesis that occupational exposure to organic solvents in general increases the risk of Parkinson's disease, but the confidence intervals of the odds ratios do not rule out such possibilities. PMID- 7347911 TI - Hearing damage risk to divers operating noisy tools under water. AB - During the measurement of noise generated inside a standard hard hat and the underwater noise level produced by a pneumatic rock drill and two different high pressure water jet lances commonly used in underwater work, noise levels were recorded of up to 170.5 dB(A), in relation to a pressure of 1 muPa, in the water close to the diver's heads. Fortunately, the noise is attenuated by the hoods/helmets worn by the divers and the raised hearing threshold in water and compressed gas. The recorded temporary threshold shifts indicate, however, that lengthy exposure might be hazardous to divers' hearing. This possibility is confirmed by a comparison of the noise levels observed in the present study with hearing damage risk criteria. PMID- 7347912 TI - Accumulation of fibers in the eyes of workers handling man-made mineral fiber products. AB - The external eye can be considered a passive dust sampler. Foreign material deposited in the conjunctival cul-de-sac becomes enclosed by mucous fibrils. The fibrils adhere to the conjunctival mucous thread. Hence, by removing the mucus, one can study, eg, man-made mineral fibers deposited in the eye. In this study a simple method for this purpose has been developed, and the sampling characteristics of the eye for nonrespirable fibers is described. The numbers of nonrespirable fibers accumulated in the eyes correlated with the total dust exposure dose (correlation coefficient r = 0.92) and with the nonrespirable fiber exposure dose (r = 0.82). There was no correlation between the airborne fiber concentration and the number of fibers in the mucous thread alone. PMID- 7347913 TI - Chemosorption sampling and analysis of formaldehyde in air. Influence on recovery during the simultaneous sampling of formaldehyde, phenol, furfural and furfuryl alcohol. AB - A method based on trapping formaldehyde on a 2,4-dinitrodinitrophenylhydrazine coated porous polymer (Amberlite XAD-2) was evaluated for air sampling in occupational environments. The aldehyde is converted to its 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone on the adsorbent. The influence of some organic compounds which often occur together with formaldehyde-furfural, phenol and furfuryl alcohol--was studied. The results show that the method allows the sampling of formaldehyde in the range 0.01--1.0 mg/m3 of air, based on a 3-1 (15 min) sample and a coating of 1%. Furfural, phenol, and furfuryl alcohol do not interfere and may be conveniently sampled at the same time. Formaldehyde and furfural hydrazones were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, phenol and furfuryl alcohol by gas chromatography. PMID- 7347914 TI - Emphysema and occupational exposure to industrial pollutants. AB - In a case-referent study, the possible association between the development of emphysema and occupational exposure to industrial pollutants has been studied. Based on complete work histories from the participants, the number of years of employment in a polluted workplace was assessed for 36 patients with emphysema and 72 referents, matched for age (+/- 2 a) and smoking habits. Analyzed as matched triplets, the estimated risk ratio for the exposed (greater than or equal to 10 a in polluted workplaces) subjects developing emphysema in comparison to the nonexposed (less than 10 a in polluted workplaces) was 3.0, a value statistically significant. Estimated risk ratios according to the number of years employed in a polluted workplace did not show any significant trend towards a dose-response relationship. Only one of the emphysema patients had never smoked. In the further study of the relationship between emphysema and occupational exposure, the interaction between cigarette smoke and different occupational exposures seems to be of particular interest. PMID- 7347915 TI - On the interaction between occupational arsenic exposure and smoking and its relationship to lung cancer. AB - The interaction between occupational arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking and its relationship to lung cancer mortality among 228 deceased Swedish copper smelter workers was studied with the case-referent technique. Arsenic exposure was assessed via detailed company records, and information on smoking habits was gathered from the next of kin. The age standardized rate ratio for death from lung cancer was 3.0 for arsenic-exposed nonsmokers and 4.9 for smokers without occupational arsenic exposure in relation to nonarsenic-exposed nonsmokers. For arsenic-exposed smokers the rate ratio was 14.6, indicating a multiplicative effect of the two exposures. Eighty-five percent of all deaths from long cancer among the smelter workers could be "explained" by arsenic exposure and/or smoking. The interaction between arsenic and smoking suggests that a strong preventive effect on lung cancer incidence could be obtained by decreasing either one of the exposures or by disaggregating them. PMID- 7347916 TI - Life-threatening pulmonary reaction to car paint containing a prepolymerized isocyanate. PMID- 7347917 TI - Sources of variation in fluorometry of zinc protoporphyrin in blood. PMID- 7347918 TI - Psychogenetics of drug seeking behavior. PMID- 7347919 TI - Differential enhancement of narcotic discrimination and analgesia by amphetamine and haloperidol: an evidence for distinct mechanisms underlying analgesia and euphoria. PMID- 7347920 TI - Development of cross-tolerance between barbiturates and phencyclidine. PMID- 7347921 TI - Brain oxidative metabolism and blood flow in alcoholic syndromes. AB - 42 alcoholic patients were grouped together according to the symptom-sign clusters derived from original classification variables of AMDP-rating scale system: (1) mild withdrawal, (2) severe withdrawal, (3) Korsakoff's syndrome, and (4) the clinical syndrome of dementia. Groups determined by clusteranalysis were subjected to a discriminant function analysis. Total cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and lactate were investigated. Patients with mild withdrawal tended to display increased oxygen uptakes reflecting 'pseudonormal' mean values with a wide range of the single data but predominantly elevated over the normal range. In mild withdrawal lactate production showed a tendency to increasing derangement of metabolism. There was much evidence of disturbance of brain oxidative metabolism with progressively decreasing cerebral metabolic rates of glucose, lactate, oxygen, and CBF from mild to severe withdrawal, Korsakoff's syndrome and dementia. Progression of both clinical phenomenology and cerebral dysfunction and/or damage culminates in simplified (reduced, "burnt-out") neuronal functional levels in advanced cases. PMID- 7347922 TI - Phencyclidine abuse in New Orleans: medical, forensic, and laboratory aspects. AB - A one year study of phencyclidine abuse in New Orleans showed that 90% of the cases cannot be detected by routine laboratory methods. Fifty percent of all cases showed evidence of police intervention. Initial impressions covered a wide range of psychiatric and clinical diagnoses. Recurring psychiatric problems due to the presence of the drug would indicate observation for a period of at least 72 hours. Patterns of PCP abuse cross racial and ethnic boundaries and are found uniformly in all population groups. PMID- 7347923 TI - Estimation of the in vivo concentration of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline in rat brain after the administration of ethanol. AB - Tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) are not only pharmacologically active, but their intraventricular infusion evokes alcohol drinking in rats. It is not known if salsolinol or tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), the two most commonly studied TIQs, spontaneously form in vivo in brain during chronic or acute consumption of ethanol. A theoretical calculation based on a steady-state assumption was made in order to estimate what could be the upper limit of these compounds in rat brain. The model used was that the rate of formation was equal to the rate of disappearance. The latter term is the rate constant for metabolism times the TIQ concentration. The former was estimated for salsolinol from data obtained from human urine while for THP it was simply the second order rate equation. The values obtained for both concentrations were ca 1 ng/g-brain tissue. PMID- 7347924 TI - Studies on the mycobacteria isolated from soil. PMID- 7347925 TI - The value of fundoscopic examination for retinal artery spasm in the correlation of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7347926 TI - The effects of indomethacin of the rat gastric mucosa. PMID- 7347927 TI - Prevalence of exclusive and extended breastfeeding among rural Korean women. PMID- 7347928 TI - Interaction between inorganic mercury and selenium on tissue sulfhydryl groups and glutathione-linked enzymes in rats. PMID- 7347929 TI - HLA type in minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome (MLNS) in childhood. PMID- 7347930 TI - Cigarette smoking patterns among students attending a Christian University in Seoul, Korea. PMID- 7347931 TI - Cytogenetic studies of the leukocytes of couples with habitual abortions. PMID- 7347932 TI - Dermatoses that present with cutaneous sclerosis. PMID- 7347933 TI - pH-temperature dependence of actomyosin superprecipitation. PMID- 7347934 TI - [Marxist-Leninist fundamental positions on the life style and personality of the aged]. PMID- 7347935 TI - [Human biological age]. AB - By biological age is understood that state of the organism, with the inclusion of both physical and psychic parameters, which has been reached at a certain point of the chronological age. Experiments are reported which have been conducted in an attempt to measure the biological age of human beings by the aid of batteries of tests. So far, more than 1000 subjects have been examined, and they include both "normal subjects" and groups of patients showing such risk factors as overweight, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The motivation for such studies is the desire to satisfy practical needs. To tackle this problem it is necessary that investigators representing the various disciplines of gerontology should work closely together. PMID- 7347936 TI - [Electrocardiographic studies and cardiovascular radiographic findings in the aged]. AB - Humans far advanced in years represent, in many respects, a positive selection of people showing particularly favorable adaptation to life circumstances. Correlated with the behavior of blood pressure were not only electrocardiographic results but cardiovascular x-ray results as well. Pathological ECG changes which are not affected by a specific therapy are entirely consistent with old age, with pronounced ECG changes accompanied by a marked variation in hemodynamics having not been observed in the aged in the sense of a positive selection. The aged, despite a large number of subjects showing development of particular conditions, did not generally include R1 patients with strain on both the left and right heart. On an average, the width of the aorta was not seen to increase further in the aged. Also, hypertension had no effect upon the width of the aorta in humans of advanced age. There was no evidence for an increase in the incidence of aortic sclerosis in the aged. PMID- 7347937 TI - [Idiopathic and symptomatic megaloblastosis in the aged]. PMID- 7347938 TI - [Acute abdomen--from an internistic-geriatric viewpoint]. PMID- 7347939 TI - [Acute abdomen--from a surgical-geriatric viewpoint]. PMID- 7347940 TI - [Bronchial asthma and exacerbated chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7347941 TI - [Acute attack of gout]. PMID- 7347943 TI - [Acute psychic complications of internal diseases]. PMID- 7347942 TI - [The acute cerebrovascular attack]. PMID- 7347944 TI - [The acute psychiatric emergency]. PMID- 7347945 TI - [Psychotropic drugs for the aged. Drug therapy in geriatric psychotic disorders]. PMID- 7347946 TI - [Measured exercise for the aged with the aid of mechanical equipment]. PMID- 7347947 TI - [Late results after surgical treatment of bronchiectasis in children. I]. PMID- 7347948 TI - Study on public health aspects of the early diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7347949 TI - [Experiences in methodology and clinical application of rosette tests. Abstracts]. PMID- 7347950 TI - [A contribution to bullous emphysema]. AB - Bullous pulmonary emphysema is a disease predominantly occurring uni- or bilaterally in men. While smaller localized bullae in the apex of the upper lobes may be the cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in younger asthenic patients, it may be the cause of fatal situations in older patients by rupture of giant bullae. False diagnosis between partial spontaneous pneumothorax and bullous emphysema are common, even now. The therapy of choice in all patients with bullous emphysema and still sufficient pulmonary function is surgical treatment with taking away the bullae. Only in patients older than 70 years with cardiorespiratory failure a longer lasting drainage therapy seems to be indicated. The results of all cases with bullous emphysema (47) treated in the thoracicosurgical department of the Research Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis within 27 years are reported. PMID- 7347951 TI - [Pathogenesis of so-called exogenous lipid pneumonia]. AB - A modern concept of so-called exogenous lipid pneumonia, basing on experimental findings is given. The time course shows 3 different stages of disease with different morphological pictures. In the early stage a toxic disturbation of capillary endothelium is seen with secondary exsudation of blood plasma in alveoli. In the intermedium stage activation of alveolar and interstitial macrophages exists. The inhaled mineral oil is phagocytozed and degradated by alveolar macrophages, but interstitial macrophages are only capable for phagocytosis but not for degradation. This leads to a granulomatous and fibrous interstitial reaction, typical for the late stage of the disease. PMID- 7347952 TI - [The survival of D-29 and MyF2 P/59-mycobacteriophages in continuous cultures]. AB - The cultivation technique of two mycobacteriophages (D-29 and MyF2 P/59) in continuous cultures with a simple synthetic medium is described. The ATCC-607 strain (M. smegmatis) was used as a host strain. The medium was exchanged every 24 hours for 14 days, then the whole cultivation equipment including waste bottle was hermetically closed and preserved in a thermostat for seven years. Every six months about 250 ml of new liquid medium was added into the cultivation container after finishing the passage cultivation. Both mycobacteriophages could be found out still after 6 years in the mixture of the mycobacteriophages preserved in the waste bottle and in the culture container even after seven years. The possibility of using the technique of continuous cultivation of phages for preparing fresh 24 hours old suspensions necessary for phage typing of the mycobacteria is discussed. PMID- 7347953 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid--a new material in pulmonology]. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage is a new method of evaluating the inflammatory and immune processes of the human lung. Sufficient material are obtained from normal individuals to allow characterization of cells and proteins. Comparisons with lung biopsies show that these constituents are representative for the composition of the alveolar structures. With the use of lavage new insights will be obtained into the pathogenesis of interstitial and other lung disorders. PMID- 7347954 TI - [Different patterns of latent pulmonary hypertension under physical exercise and their clinical significance]. AB - The investigations pointed out that responses of the pulmonary hemodynamic in patients with COLD on physical exercises are highly different from those in normal subjects. The findings of pulmonary circulation on pink puffers (type A) and blue bloaters (type B) are differing in a specific manner. The lowest capacity of load is observed in patients of type A. Patients with clinical signs of type B show under exercise conditions the ability to approach their physical load capacity rather to that of normal persons. The features of prognosis, therapy and rehabilitation in the different patterns of pulmonary heart disease are discussed. PMID- 7347955 TI - [Correlative studies comparing the value of transthoracic needle biopsy and open lung biopsy in disseminated lung diseases]. AB - To compare the values of transthoracic needle biopsy and open lung biopsy on 130 patients with disseminated lung diseases transthoracic needle biopsies were carried out immediately before open lung biopsies (including the punction area). A conclusive diagnosis was obtained in 98% by open lung biopsy but only in 42% by transthoracic needle biopsy. In cases of pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis needle biopsies gave a positive result in 50% whereas in other diseases like tuberculosis and silicosis in not more than one third a correct diagnosis has been achieved. The results of the direct comparisons demonstrate the superiority of open lung biopsy in diagnostics of disseminated lung alterations. PMID- 7347956 TI - [Frequency and distribution of sarcoidosis in GDR, the County of Leipzig, and the District of Wurzen--a comparison]. AB - The epidemiology of new cases of sarcoidosis in the county of Leipzig is analyzed on the base of the average incidence in the years 1972-1974. The development of sarcoidosis in the district of Wurzen is represented on the base of the new cases of the last 30 years (1950-1979). The districts of the county of Leipzig and the places (towns and villages) of the district of Wurzen are showing very different rates. In the district of Wurzen 19 villages among 37 places in all had not registered any case of sarcoidosis within the last 30 years. The author concludes from the distribution and the pattern of this disease in the course of time, that sarcoidosis must be regarded as a cyclic infections disease. PMID- 7347957 TI - [Sarcoid granuloma of the myocardium]. AB - Report on the course of disease in a female patient with myocardial sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis was detected in the age of 38 years by reason of acute symptoms. The conditions improved markedly as a result of treatment, nevertheless some complaints persisted referring to a chronic course of the disease. In the age of 47 years a sarcoidotic involvement of the myocardium was deduced from serially appeasing monotopic ventricular extrasystoles regulated only by treatment with corticosteroids. The patient became free from complaints by this treatment. The author deals with the symptomatology of myocardial sarcoidosis, with its clinical picture and therapy. He emphasizes the importance of early detection and corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 7347958 TI - [The reproducibility of the bronchospasmolytic effects of isoprenaline tests repeated after long intervals under ambulatory conditions]. AB - The functional results of 3 bronchospasmolytic tests using 4 puffs of an isoprenaline-spray repeated in large intervals were compared on 104 patients suffering from obstructive lung diseases. The correlation coefficients and the coefficients of determination of the differences of the forced expiration volume in one second before and after the tests showed no good correspondence of the spasmolytic effects. It is to be stated that the dimensions of an improvement of the functional results can not be prognosticated, not even on condition that the functional situation before the test, the inhalant and the dose would be the same on the repeated test. Therefore an actual test using a known effective drug for the control has to be demanded for the investigation of on bronchospasmolytic inhalant. PMID- 7347959 TI - [Results of the morphological diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma by biopsy in a lung disease clinic]. AB - An analysis of the morphological diagnosis is made in all 339 consecutive patients suffering from lung cancer and received in our clinic in 1979. Including the non-endoscopically examined cases the tumour has been proved morphologically in 88% of central carcinomas, in 81% of the intermediary type and in 47% of peripheral ones. As for the endoscopically examined patients 93% of the central tumours and 48% of the peripheral ones were morphologically assured. Coincidence between histological and cytological type was found in 83% out of 58 resected tumours. The diagnostic efficacy of the bronchial secretion and of the material obtained by catheterbiopsy is investigated in dependence on different tumour localisations. Furthermore the value of transthoracic needle-biopsy in cases of peripheral carcinomas is assessed. PMID- 7347960 TI - [Epithelioid cells in pleural tuberculous effusions]. PMID- 7347961 TI - [Damage factors in tobacco and tobacco smoke]. AB - In the last 30 years the production and consumption of cigarettes are increasing permanently. Till now more than 2200 noxious substances have been detected in the smoke of cigarettes. The origin and the synthesis of selected groups of these compounds and their distribution on main- and on sidestream smoke are described, furthermore the possibilities for estimation and control of nicotine abuse are reviewed. The incorporation of noxious substances of tobacco smoke result in a damage of clearance mechanisms of the lung and a change of loading by drugs and other metabolisable noxious substances, because the biotransformation processes are influenced by tobacco smoke. In this connection the importance of aryl hydrocarbon-hydroxylase is discussed. PMID- 7347962 TI - [Frequency of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in biopsy material. A retrospective study]. AB - The biopsy material of the Institute of Pathology of the Medical Academy of Erfurt, GDR, from January 1967 to February 1978 has been reinvestigated for malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas which were reclassified according to the Kiel classification (Gerard-Marchant et al. 1974). We observed 122 (72.6%) low grade malignant lymphomas and 46 (27.4%) high grade malignant lymphomas. 17 cases remained unclassifiable. The median age ranged between 47.6 years (lymphoblastic malignant lymphoma) and 65.8 years (centrocytic malignant lymphoma). The sex ratio shows a predominance of males for all types of low grade malignant lymphomas. Only the immunoblastic malignant lymphoma in the group of high grade malignant lymphomas has a predominance in females. The survival of patients with high grade malignant lymphomas shows a good correspondence to the data given in the literature, whereas patients suffering from low grade malignant lymphomas have a distinctly worse prognosis in our material in comparison to literature data. PMID- 7347963 TI - [Encapsulation and shape of young hydatids of echinococcus granulosus in a spontaneous infection of pigs]. PMID- 7347964 TI - Experience with liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis in children. PMID- 7347965 TI - Chemical synthesis of a dodecadeoxyribonucleotide complementary to the 3'-end of the coding region of human preproinsulin mRNA. PMID- 7347966 TI - [Surgical treatment of coral calculi in the renal pelvis]. AB - In the years between 1971 and 1979 in the Department of Urological Surgery of the Municipal Weil Emil Hospital in 16 of the 72 coral calculi filling the renal pelvis primary (so-called uric acid) calculi were found to which lytholysis was applied. Fifty-six cases (secondary calculi) were operated, in the majority by conservative surgery (40 cases), 16 patients were nephrectomized. The incidence of coral stones is twice as high in women as in men. Congestion and infections play the major role in their pathogenesis, hypercalciuria is less frequent. Up-to date possibilities of examination ensure the proper plan of the operation. Complete removal of the stones, abolishment of congestion and infection and postoperative care are very important in the prevention of relapse. In 21 of the 72 cases congenital malformation as was found as a source of congestion. There are various types of conservative operations. Quite often the renal parenchyma is incised, and in this case the peduncle has to be ligated. By cooling the kidney the hypoxic time can be prolonged quite considerably. In the course of the operation the kidney must be made free of stones as the incidence of relapses is high. Analysis of the removed coral stones showed that 68% of them consisted of carbonate-apatite-struvite. PMID- 7347967 TI - [Acute suppurative kidney inflammation]. AB - In 12 years the authors treated 97 patients with suppurative nephritis in their Department. They performed 78 conservative operations and 19 nephrectomies. The symptomatology and diagnosis of the disease are briefly discussed. Attention iscalled to the importance of early diagnosis and the earliest possible surgical intervention. The dangers of unfounded antibiotic treatment and of chemotherapy are pointed out as these might mask the classical symptoms and render early diagnosis more difficult. PMID- 7347968 TI - Bladder-flap plasty in disturbances of urine transport. AB - Late results of the bladder-flap method Boari--Mezo fulfilled expectations only in the correction of ureteral lesions of gynaecological origin. With appropriate technique even 5 to 10 cm long sections of the ureter can be replaced and in one third of the cases the late results, too, are good. The authors are convinced that Boari plasty is not an anti-reflux operation and the results are poor in cases of specific ureteral stricture. The operation is recommended for the correction of congenital malformations, fibrous periureteritis and strictures after nephrolithotomy when the strictures are long and simple ureteral neoimplantation is technically impossible. PMID- 7347969 TI - [Therapy of polycystic kidney from the viewpoint of our changed perspective]. AB - Even today the majority of authors stress the need for maximum conservatism in the treatment of polycystic kidneys. Since 1979 the therapeutic principles have been modified in agreement with the suggestions of Pytel. It is claimed that the polycystic lesion of kidneys causes--according to the Goldblatt-effect- hypertension due to the compression of the renal arteries by the cysts. Extirpation of the cysts reduces the compression of the vessels, thus reduction of the high blood pressure and of the pressure atrophy of the parenchyma can be expected. The first results (12 patients) have been promising. The operational method described is believed to be one of the possibilities of treating polycystic kidneys. PMID- 7347970 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in space-reducing kidney processes]. AB - With the discussion of four cases the authors draw attention to the diagnostic difficulties which arise in the diagnosis of space reducing renal processes. They disapprove of the application of percutaneous puncture of the renal cyst as a therapeutic procedure, and emphasize, in doubtful cases, the importance of intraoperative histological examination. With two of their cases which were diagnosed only at the time of the second hospitalization of the patient, the authors wish to stress the need for a still wider use of angiographic examinations. PMID- 7347971 TI - [Urological complications following surgical procedures and their management]. AB - The urological complications of surgical interventions are discussed on the basis of the authors' clinical material collected over six years. Mainly fistulas and inflammatory complications occurred due to gynaecological operations performed by abdominal penetration. The possibilities and incidence of complications, as well as the diagnostic methods used for their detection and the applied therapies are reviewed. The importance of the proper choice of restituting surgical interventions is stressed. Complete anatomical and functional restoration and preservation of the organ are attempted. Attention is called to the importance and possibilities of preventing complications due to injuries. In the reduction of the incidence of urological complications after gynaecological operations, beside prevention, a close co-operation with the urologist is necessary as well as post-operative check-ups even in symptomless cases. PMID- 7347972 TI - Symptomless renal tumours diagnosed from their metastases. AB - After a brief review of renal tumours diagnosed on the basis of metastases, two cases are described in which subcutaneous formations believed to be lipomas were metastases of symptomless hypernephromas. One case was diagnosed early on basis of the histological finding. The primary tumour could be localized only by angiography. After nephrectomy and resection of the contralateral rib and pleura, the patient was free of symptoms for one year. In the subsequent year a pathologic subtrochanteric fracture called attention to a new metastasis. After laminar osteosynthesis function of the hip and knee joints was satisfactory and so has been the general condition ever since the first operation now for three years. In the second case, the knot assumed to be a lipoma was removed but no histological examination was carried out. These experiences have induced the authors to call attention to the importance of histological examination of apparently banal lesions and to the considerable survival which can be achieved in these patients. PMID- 7347973 TI - [Spermatology or andrology?]. PMID- 7347974 TI - [Spermatogenic arrest]. PMID- 7347975 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in childhood]. AB - After having reviewed the anatomy and physiology of vesicoureteral reflux, the authors claim that in the case of appropriate indication and technique of the operation good results can be expected of plastic surgery. They stress that the indications of the operations for obstructed reflux have considerably narrowed. Conservative treatment beside long-term disinfection of the urine and removal of the focus results in the majority of cases--mainly when the patients are small children--, in the abolishment of vesico-ureteral reflux. In about 50% of the discovered refluxes surgical intervention is necessary, but also in these cases the administration of antibiotics is indispensable. PMID- 7347976 TI - Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of malignant testis tumours. AB - Experience gained in the treatment of 38 malignant testicular tumour patients is reported. The results of castration + chemotherapy (all these patients died within one year) are compared to those of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 15 patients. To preserve the ability of ejaculation the lymph glands accompanying the iliac artery were spared on the contralateral side. Experience has shown that chemotherapy is considered necessary even when the histological finding of the lymph node is completely negative. PMID- 7347977 TI - Ten-year experience with ultrasonic diagnosis of renal tumours. PMID- 7347978 TI - Ureteral tumour of unusual size. PMID- 7347979 TI - [Pyeloplasty in infants and children]. AB - Pyeloureteral obstructions of various pathogeneses and their complications can be visualized satisfactorily be means of intravenous urography. Of the other diagnostic methods angiography was found to be the most useful, no retrograde examination was carried out. When distension of the end of the calyx or obvious parenchymal lesion appears, plastic operation must be performed irrespective of the patient's age, the presence of infection or anomaly of the localization. Only kidneys which have lost their functions should be removed. In the operation the pyeloureteral boundary is always excised, the new transition is secured by splinting and a transrenal drain is used. Secondary nephrectomy had to be performed in a single case. One-year and three-year intravenous urographic check ups showed in 72 of the 100 cases good, in 19 satisfactory results, in 8 cases the pyeloureteral boundary was funnel-shaped, but the dilatations of the calyx ends remained unchanged. Pyeloplasty is no longer a high-risk operation. PMID- 7347980 TI - Sexual dimorphism in somatic growth viewed from the skeletal maturation. PMID- 7347981 TI - Metopism. PMID- 7347982 TI - Experimental traumatic asphyxia (5)--light microscopic findings on the organs except lung. PMID- 7347983 TI - [Genetical study of congenital heart disease especially on multifactorial inheritance]. PMID- 7347984 TI - [VIP immunoreactive nerve cells in the myenteric plexus of the canine lower esophageal, pyloric and ileocecal sphincter]. PMID- 7347985 TI - A new route to nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. PMID- 7347986 TI - The purification of polynucleotide phosphorylase from Thermus aquaticus by the use of heparin-sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. AB - The polynucleotide phosphorylase of Thermus aquaticus was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, heparin Sepharose 4B and DEAE-Sephadex A25. The enzyme was purified 1500-fold and was 90 95% homogeneous as checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has a molecular weight of 275 000 and consists of four identical subunits. The Km values for the enzyme as determined in polymerization (ADP, GDP, UDP) and phosphorolytic reactions (poly A, poly U) are in the same concentration range as in the case of the enzyme deriving from mesophilic microorganisms. Furthermore, the enzyme is primer dependent and its activity is lost gradually at temperatures higher than 65 degrees C. In the base ratio of the copolymers followed the input base ratio polymerization reactions with polyUA, while with polyAG and polyUG a marked difference between the initial base ratio and the base composition of copolymers was observed. PMID- 7347987 TI - Sliding theory: facts and texts. PMID- 7347988 TI - Activity evoked in hand muscles by the stretch reflex of m. biceps in man. AB - Experiments were performed on six volunteers, in order to investigate the effect of the activity of the m. biceps branchii on the median and ulnar nerves. The reflex of the m. biceps brachii was evoked by a sudden stretch and the EMG responses of the m. biceps brachii, m. abductor dig. V. and thenar muscles were recorded. Hand muscles produced early EMG potentials, the latency between them, as well as the onset of the electrical response recorded from the m. biceps brachii, being about the same as the conduction time of nerve excitation from biceps to the hand muscles. The possible mechanisms of the origin of the early EMG activity recorded from the hand muscles are discussed. PMID- 7347989 TI - A model system for bacteriorhodopsin chromophore. AB - The absorption characteristics of bacteriorhodopsin chromophore cannot be understand on the basis of a simple protonated Schiff-base linkage. A possible hypothetical explanation may be an interaction of the aromatic amino acid residues also with retinal. Mixtures of retinal and tryptophan analogues were reacted in organic solvents. Many similarities were found in the absorption spectra of the different products of these reactions and in those of the main forms of bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. Such products are suggested to model the purple complex of bacteriorhodopsin as well as the chromophores of the photointermediates. PMID- 7347991 TI - Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Biophysics, Hungary. Abstracts. PMID- 7347990 TI - Dose reduction in the low-energy X-ray diagnostics of extremities. AB - The authors determined the surface absorbed dose (Ds = 67-68 mGy) and the average absorbed dose (Dav = 13-15 mGy) by means of non-screen film radiography of the extremities. The authors recommend the use of xeroradiography (with a tungsten anode tube) or, first of all, a rare-earth screen - film combination (e.g. Kodak min-R + Nuklearmedizin NMB film). The two methods permit the dose values to be decreased by a factor of about 4 and 15, respectively. The dose values are smaller, at least for the 8 cm thick tissue equivalent phantom, when a tungsten anode is used instead of a Mo anode. PMID- 7347992 TI - Denial and neglect of hemiparesis in right-sided apoplectic lesions. AB - In a prospective investigation of 55 consecutively selected patients with right sided apoplectic lesions, denial and neglect of hemiparesis was registered in a standardized way using fixed criteria. The patients were all fully conscious and could cooperate in a detailed investigation. About half of the patients had denial and neglect of hemiparesis (1/4 denial, 1/5 neglect). The syndrome(s) of denial/neglect was not related to sensory defects or defects in the sense of position. Denial of hemiparesis was related to extent of lesion, neglect of hemiparesis was not. Both syndromes were related to age of patients. The resemblance between denial and neglect of hemiparesis is pointed out. It is argued, that the two phenomena could be seen as one syndrome released by right sided brain lesions, the difference being a matter of degree. The cognitive factors in denial/neglect are thought upon as factors, than can be seen in right sided lesions together with paresis, visual defects, but apparently not necessarily associated with the named defects. PMID- 7347993 TI - Visual neglect in right-sided apoplectic lesions. AB - Fifty-five patients with right-sided apoplectic brain lesions prospectively and consecutively collected, were analyzed as to the frequency of visual neglect. The syndrome was present in 18 patients, 10 of whom had left hemi- or quadrantanopia. In addition, two patients had anopia with Anton's syndrome. Only the visual neglect without field defects was closely related to denial of hemiparesis. The two components of the syndrome of visual neglect, defects in registering visual information from the left side and defective appreciation of own condition are described and analyzed. Psychological theories of the processes behind the syndrome of neglect have difficulties in joining the cardinal features of the syndrome satisfactorily. Theories on the specific role of the right hemisphere in connection with attention/arousal and complex gnostic functions are referred to in the discussion of the syndrome. PMID- 7347994 TI - Quantitative 99mTechnetium cerebral circulation time in brain infarction. Its relation to clinical findings, electroencephalograms and conventional radionuclide studies. AB - Four circulation time parameters were measured by intravenously injected 99mTechnetium and a gamma camera in 183 patients displaying a unilateral supratentorial brain infarction. The mean values of all the calculated circulation time parameters in the infarcted hemisphere were significantly slower than those of the contralateral hemispheres. The difference between the hemispheres proved a more sensitive parameter than absolute values. Both the quantitative circulation time differences between the hemispheres and the absolute circulation time values showed significant correlations with several clinical findings, e.g. severity of infarction, recovery from infarction, and patient's age. However, quantification gave only a minor addition to the number of the patients with abnormalities detected by routine static and dynamic brain scintigrams. Though the value of the quantitative intravenous 99mTechnetium method in routine clinical work is limited, it provides valuable information on the haemodynamics in brain infarction, e.g. the persistence of measurable asymmetry suggesting decreased function even of non-infarcted parts of the affected hemisphere ("deafferentiation"). PMID- 7347995 TI - Multiple sclerosis and migration in Italy: a case/control study. Preliminary reports. AB - The present study was performed on Milan residents, in order to evaluate the risk of acquiring multiple sclerosis between patients born in Milan and patients born in Southern Italy. For this purpose, 216 consecutive subjects with definite or probable multiple sclerosis, inmates of the Neurological Institute C. Besta (Milan) from 1968-1976, were matched with 216 controls, uniform as regards age, sex, profession and residence, who were hospitalized at the same time for other neurological diseases. Comparing the case/control pairs of the migration, we observed that the North-Centre born had a relative risk of acquiring the disease significantly superior to one (RR = 1.9; P = 0.01) as compared to migrants from the Southern regions of Italy. PMID- 7347996 TI - Influence of age, sex, literacy and pathologic lesion on incidence, severity and type of aphasia. AB - The influence of sex, age, educational level and pathologic lesion on incidence, severity and clinical form of aphasia was investigated in 390 right-handed, left brain-damaged patients. Sex and educational level were not related to any parameter. Etiology of lesion and age were related to both incidence and type of aphasia. Incidence of aphasia increased with age and was higher in patients with cerebrovascular accidents than in subjects with other types of brain lesions. Non fluent forms of aphasia were more frequent in young patients suffering from acute cerebrovascular accidents, whereas anomia prevailed in neoplastic subjects and Wernicke's aphasia increased regularly in frequency with age. Some tentative explanations of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7347997 TI - Decreased cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in multiple sclerosis. AB - We compared lymphocyte transformation to respiratory syncytial virus in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in healthy controls. Lymphocyte transformation was decreased in MS in the presence or absence of autologous plasma, adding to the evidence that cellular immunity to viral antigens may be broadly impaired in MS, and does not occur uniquely for any single virus. PMID- 7347998 TI - Elimination of extracranial blood flow during dynamic cerebral perfusion studies using diffusible and non-diffusible radioisotope. AB - The extracranial blood flow seriously complicates the interpretation of dynamic cerebral studies. To eliminate this, we used a blood pressure cuff placed around the head in 50 patients with no evidence of cerebrovascular disease. The pressure in the headband was increased to 30 mmHg above the patient's systolic pressure, and the first 60 sec static scintigram was taken exactly 3 min after the injection of 99mTc-pertechnetate. A second 60 sec static scintigram was taken without pressure in the headband at 6 min after injection. After correction for diffusion of tracer into extravascular compartments we could still show 13% reduction in counting rates over the hemispheric regions and 30% over the convexity regions during application of the pressure headband. With the Xenon method, the application of the headband appears to have insignificant influence on the results of cerebral perfusion. We thus recommend that a headband should be used for dynamic 99mTc-isotope cerebral circulation studies. PMID- 7347999 TI - Blood-brain barrier integrity in patients with cerebral infarction investigated by computed tomography and serum-CSF-albumin. AB - Measurements of CSF-albumin, and S/CSF-albumin in two groups of patients with small and large infarcts failed to show BBB damage to albumin in about one half of the patients. No significant difference was found between the two groups of patients in regard to the above-mentioned parameters. The localization of the infarcts (close to the CSF or deep in the brain) did not influence the S/CSF albumin. No correlation was found between the S/CSF-albumin and the time interval between the onset of the stroke and the lumbar puncture within 96 h. Some suggestions are put forward to explain the discrepancies between the CT-scan and S/CSF-albumin in the assessment of BBB damage. PMID- 7348000 TI - Transient acute renal failure and functional hemispheric depression after cerebral arteriography in diabetic patients. AB - Cerebral angiography was carried out in two diabetic patients in the evaluation of minor vascular ischemic episodes. A transient acute renal failure following cerebral angiography was accompanied by a transient comatose episode with severe unilateral neurological deficits. A functional depression of the injected hemisphere due to a contrast induced impairment of the blood-brain barrier is suggested as the pathophysiological background of the neurological complication. PMID- 7348001 TI - Holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum: frequency of associated malformations. PMID- 7348002 TI - A Golgi study of the brain malformation in Zellweger's cerebro-hepato-renal disease. AB - Characteristic neuronal heterotopias in two cases of Zellweger's cerebro-hepato renal disease were studied with the Golgi method. In the corona radiata, heterotopias consist of large fields of small or medium-sized radial pyramids, and of dense clusters containing larger, randomly oriented pyramidal cells and multipolar neurons, some of which resemble granule cells. The latter type of heterotopia could result from a focal destructive process at a relatively early stage of neuronal migration. In the cerebellar white matter, heterotopic masses contain Purkinje cells and possibly Golgi neurons but no granule or basket cells. The mispositioned Purkinje cells resemble the subcortical and intragranular Purkinje cells of the reeler mutant mouse and those of the weaver mutant. The morphology of neurons in the abnormally convoluted olivary nucleus is normal. PMID- 7348003 TI - 'Melanosis of the dentate nucleus': a widespread disorder of protoplasmic astrocytes. PMID- 7348004 TI - Formation of "neo-cortex" in a congenital human teratoma. AB - A congenital human teratoma contained a neuroectodermal mass with architectonic features similar to those of the normal developing neo-cortex. Surrounding a central cavity, a germinal, an intermediate and a cortical zone were clearly distinguishable from innermost to outermost. Glial fibers coursed radially through the intermediate and cortical zones. In the "cortical plate" neuronal elements were oriented radially with an inside out gradient of differentiation. Mesothelial tissue covered the outer surfaces of the "cortex". Over limited sectors a gap in the integrity of the meso-glial barrier were associated with neuroglial ectopias. The following points are of neurobiologic importance: the information of the "miniature cerebral cortex" occurred in the absence of any influence of afferent subcortical fibers. The radial alignment of glial fibers between the germinal pseudostratified epithelium and the outer surface occurred only in sectors of the neuroectodermal mass where a "neo-cortex" was present, and may therefore have been a critical determinant in the formation of the "cortical plate". The integrity of the outer glial mesenchymal barrier may be necessary for the normal arrangement of cortical neurons. PMID- 7348005 TI - Morphological and chemical characterization of a starch granule-like polyglucosan deposit isolated from human brain. PMID- 7348006 TI - Studies on metals in meningiomas by atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - The content of Cr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe has been determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 30 meningiomas and in Pacchionian granulations. The elements Cr, Mn, and Cu show no distinct relation to different tumor types. The broad spectrum of data for Fe is considered to be due to a different blood volume or microbleedings in the meningiomas clinically irrelevant in nature. The Ca values correspond with the microscopic calcifications. An obvious coincidence exists partly between the high Ca- and Mg-values, in some tumors concentrations of Mg are partly higher than the concentrations of Ca. The latter finding is in concordance with tumors without microscopic calcifications. It is assumed that the inhibitory potency of Mg against mineralization reflects the metabolic antagonism between Ca and Mg. The highest values for Zn are seen in fibromatous meningiomas. This finding possibly corresponds with the function of Zn as co enzyme in the synthesis of proteins in this copiously reticulin- and collagen producing type of meningioma. PMID- 7348007 TI - Distribution and ultrastructure of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles in postencephalitic Parkinsonism of Economo type. AB - The distribution and ultrastructure of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (ANT) in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and Ammon's horn were studied in four patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism of Economo type (PEPE). The distribution of ANT was as previously reported; the pattern of distribution resembled to that of amine-containing nerve cells. Ultrastructurally, ANT revealed twisted tubules (TT), but straight tubules (ST) of 150 A width were also found in the locus ceruleus of three cases; sometimes, TT and ST were mixed in a single neuron. Whether the coexistence of TT and ST in the locus ceruleus is a characteristic ultrastructural feature of ANT in PEPE or a regional peculiarity could not be determined. Ultrastructurally, ANT in PEPE were identical to those found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia. PMID- 7348008 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in medulloblastoma. AB - Twenty-four cases of classical medulloblastoma and one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using the immunoperoxidase method to assess astrocytic differentiation. In 16 cases of classical medulloblastoma GFAP-positive cells were present in variable numbers. These cells were classified as three different types according to size and shape. The type 1 cell was morphologically identical to the ordinary tumor cell, with a hyperchromatic nucleus and a scanty cytoplasm. The type 2 cell had a fairly rich cytoplasm with short cytoplasmic processes. The type 3 cell was characterized by a relatively large nucleus with sparse chromatin and well-developed cytoplasmic processes, and was considered a reactive astrocyte. The type 1 and some of the type 2 cells seemed to be neoplastic, displaying astrocytic differentiation. The remaining type 2 cells may have been reactive astrocytes. In one case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma, the majority of GFAP-positive cells were arranged in "islands", and had delicate fibrillated processes. GFAP-positive cells were also observed outside these "islands", though they were less numerous. Most of them were regarded as type 3 cells, but some were type 2. This may be interpreted as meaning that the glial character of the tumor was expressed more within than outside these "islands". PMID- 7348009 TI - Do Rosenthal fibers contain glial fibrillary acid protein? AB - Sixteen cases of pilocytic astrocytomas with excessive Rosenthal fiber (RF) formation were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method for the localization of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). RF never contained GFAP but they were often enclosed in plump and thickened GFAP-positive astrocytic processes. The border between the negative RF and the surrounding positive rim of cytoplasm was always sharp and without gradual transitions. The antigenic difference between RFs and glial filaments imply that glial filaments undergo a profound change in their chemical composition during their transformation into RFs. The possibility that RFs are not degradation products of glial filaments but consist of some chemically unknown substance produced by metabolically activated astrocytes cannot be excluded. PMID- 7348010 TI - Esthesioneuroepithelioma, a true neurosensorial tumor. Light- and electron microscopic study of a case with endocranial extension. PMID- 7348011 TI - [Cervical lymph-node toxoplasmosis: diagnostic problems]. PMID- 7348012 TI - [Salivary glands and toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7348013 TI - [Treatment of Toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7348014 TI - [Symposium: "Toxoplasmosis in ORL". Introduction]. PMID- 7348015 TI - [Echotomography in the differential diagnosis of laterocervical masses]. PMID- 7348016 TI - [Toxoplasmic infection in man: natural history, seroimmunological diagnostic notes]. PMID- 7348017 TI - [Functional surgery of the turbinates. Illustration of a conservative technic]. PMID- 7348018 TI - [Indications for conservative surgical treatment of squamous cell verrucous carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 7348019 TI - [Indication for fronto-lateral laryngectomy. Critical evaluation of the course of 49 cases]. PMID- 7348020 TI - Intracerebroventricular angiotensin II injection does not elicit specific appetite for sodium in the rat. AB - The effect on sodium appetite of a single intracerebroventricular (IVT) injection of 1 microgram angiotensin II (AII) was studied in 264 young female CFY rats, comparing control and water depleted groups. The choice of demineralized water and 0.9, 2, 3 and 4% NaCl solution or 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose solution was offered to the animals. During the 12-25 minute long dipsogenic action of AII, sodium intake was significantly increased as compared to the control group. Together with sodium intake water and glucose intake was found to increase proportionally, so the sodium appetite did not change significantly. At the same time, AII significantly increased the rate of sodium intake and the sodium appetite when a choice of water and NaCl was offered, and the basis of comparison was the water depleted group. When water was changed for 5% glucose, the animals receiving AII showed no significant sodium appetite, and drank so much glucose solution that their blood glucose increased to 202 +/- 26 mg/dl, and glucose appeared in their urine. The conclusion was drawn that AII does not cause an acute, specific alteration in sodium appetite. PMID- 7348021 TI - Short-term spatiotemporal memory and cortical unit reactions in the monkey. PMID- 7348022 TI - CNV and motor preparatory set processes under conditions of alternative responding in man. PMID- 7348023 TI - Dopaminergic--GABA-ergic interaction in the nigrostriatal system. AB - Unilateral electrolytic lesion at the level of the substantia nigra resulted in ipsilateral rotation after the administration of different dopaminergic agonists such as d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg), apomorphine (3 mg/kg) and piribedil (50 mg/kg) in rats. The influence of the alteration of the GABA level was investigated on circling behaviour induced either by the presynaptic DA-ergic agonist d amphetamine or by the postsynaptic stimulant apomorphine. Aminooxyacetic acid (12.5 mg/kg) as a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, decreased the rotation elicited by d-amphetamine or apomorphine. Picrotoxin pretreatment (1.5 mg/kg) acted reversely on the circling behaviour elicited by the presynaptic DA-ergic agonist. Picrotoxin pretreatment showed a trend to decrease the rotation induced by the postsynaptic DA-ergic agonists apomorphine and piribedil. It is concluded that the action of GABA in this behavioural test might appear not only presynaptically but also postsynaptically in the nigrostriatal system and even in different forms. PMID- 7348024 TI - Stimulatory and inhibitory soluble mediators produced by stimulated lymphocytes and tested in human and murine in vitro systems. AB - The cellular origin and target specificity of two types of soluble mediators viz., the inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IDS) and the stimulator of DNA synthesis (SDS) have been studied. These mediators were produced by human and murine lymphocytes derived from different organs and stimulated by different mitogens, viz. phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their target effect was quantitated by assessing the 3H-thymidine incorporation of murine and human lymphocytes stimulated by different T and B cell mitogens (Con A, PHA and LPS). IDS activity was detected in supernatants of PHA stimulated lymphocytes originated from immunologically hyporeactive patients (tumor-bearing patients, pregnant women) in contrast to majority of control patients. Marked "SDS" activity was produced by normal lymphocytes as tested in human and murine lymphocytes stimulated by Con A or PHA, while IDS activity was detected if the target cells were stimulated by LPS. The effects of "SDS" failed to show species specificity using human and murine test-systems. PMID- 7348025 TI - Effect of inhibitors on sugar and amino acid transport in two teleosts. AB - After the addition of ouabain or potassium cyanide (10(-4)M) to the filling solution, inhibition of the transport of sugars and amino acids was noted in the intestine of both the fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus (carnivorous) and Heteropneustes fossilis (omnivorous). Regional as well as nutrient variations occurred in the transport process. There was a positive but slower transport of nutrients in the beginning but later a negative transport of sugars and amino acids was noted in different portions of the intestine. The negative transport of amino acids was comparatively higher than that of sugars though the inhibition pattern by these two substances was almost similar. Potassium cyanide was a stronger inhibitor of the transport process than ouabain. The rate of nutrient transport was comparatively higher in Heteropneustes than in Ophiocephalus. PMID- 7348026 TI - Biochemical compartmentation of fish tissues. Cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord. AB - The differential distribution of cholesterol in different regions of the brain in 9 nutritionally important fishes were compartmentalized biochemically. The cholesterol content which was higher in the spinal cord than in the 4 brain regions, varied individually and groupwise; the medulla oblongata and cerebrum contained the highest and lowest amounts, respectively. The piscivorous fishes contain more cholesterol than cat fishes and major carps. A direct relationship was observed between the course of evolution and the cholesterol content in different regions of the brain and spinal cord of the nine kinds of fish studied. The differential distribution of cholesterol content in various regions of the brain and spinal cord are discussed in relation to phylogeny, diet and activity of the fish. Phylogeny seems to influence the biochemical compartmentation of the fish brain in relation to its cholesterol content. PMID- 7348027 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the acute phase of experimental myocardial infarction in rats. AB - The effect of a single dose of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide on the severity of acute myocardial infarction in conscious rats has been studied. One and 4 days after the i.p. injection of 100 mg kg-1 of the drug, the survival rate of rats subjected to coronary ligation was significantly increased. The occurrence of fatal arrhythmias was markedly reduced. The peripheral white blood cell count was profoundly lowered. On the first day after pretreatment, moderate granulocytosis with severe lymphopenia occurred. Four days following the administration of cyclophosphamide, marked granulocytopenia also ensued. In this stage, restoration of white blood cell count by cell suspension prepared from the spleen of normal rats did not significantly affect the cardioprotective effect of cyclophosphamide. The data provide additional evidence that protein synthesis is involved in the early phase of myocardial infarction. The significance of leukocytes in the phenomenon is briefly discussed. PMID- 7348028 TI - Extracellular ion concentrations during spreading depression and ischemia in the rat brain cortex. AB - We compared interstitial ion concentrations in rat brain cortex during two conditions where pronounced changes are observed: spreading depression and ischemia. Initially, during the two phenomena, an increase of [K+]e from 3 to approximately 10 mM were observed, but only small changes of the other ion concentrations. Hereafter, [K+]e exhibited a rapid increase (2-3 s) to 55 mM, whereas [Na+]e rapidly decreased to 60 mM, [Cl-]e to 75 mM, and [Ca++]e to 0.08 mM. The changes were accompanied by a rapid negative shift in the local electrical potential. However, there were differences in the ionic events during the two phenomena. In spreading depression, the initial [K+]e increase took place in 5-10 s, but in ischemia it lasted 1-2 min. The ionic perturbations were spontaneously reverted in SD, but in ischemia they proceeded further and reached after 5 min (mM): [K+]e 75, [Na+]e 50, [Cl-]e 72, and [Ca++]e 0.06. The similar chain of ionic events during spreading depression and ischemia suggests a common mechanism for the ionic changes, probably involving changes of ionic permeability of brain cells. PMID- 7348029 TI - Plasma colloid osmotic pressure in venous blood from the human foot in orthostasis. AB - Several theories could explain the slow rate of edema formation in the feet of sitting or standing man. One possible mechanism is a rise in local plasma colloid osmotic pressure (pi p). We measured pi p in blood from superficial veins of warm and cold feet during orthostasis. The difference in venous pi p between the foot and the arm averaged 12.8 mmHg (range 9.4-16.1 mmHg) in subjects sitting in a cold room. Hemoconcentration was also reflected as increased hematocrit. These findings support the view that a local increase of pi p in foot capillaries contributes considerably to edema prevention during orthostasis. PMID- 7348030 TI - Total and local renal blood flow and filtration in the rat during reduced renal arterial blood pressure. AB - Discrepancies concerning the lower pressure limit of renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation, different autoregulatory adjustments in deep and superficial renal zones and dissociation of RBF and filtrate production stimulated the present study. Autoregulation of renal blood flow was investigated at reduced renal arterial blood pressure (RAP) in Sprague-Dawley rats using 4 different flow methods: uptake of 125I-iodoantipyrine (I-Ap) and 86Rb, local detection of hydrogen gas washout rate (H2) and, in the autoperfused kidney, electromagnetic flowmetry (FM). With I-Ap and 86Rb, RBF was maintained at a RAP as low as 80 mmHg, compared to contralateral RBF. However, with the other two methods where each kidney serves as its own control, a 15% RBF reduction was obtained at this RAP. This discrepancy (p less than 0.001) infers a contralateral renal vasoconstriction during ipsilateral renal hypotension and vasodilation. Arterial blood pressure increased during unilateral renal hypotension, suggesting that contralateral renal constriction was part of a general increase in total body vascular resistance. Following abrupt RAP reduction RBF was immediately readjusted (2-3 s) and maintained for up to 40 min. No significant change in intrarenal blood flow distribution was observed with I-Ap. Superficial and deep cortical single nephron glomerular filtration rates were equally reduced at lowered RAP as determined by the ferrocyanide technique. However, a dissociation between the autoregulation of RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the direction of less well maintained GFR was observed. Renal arterial acetylcholine infusion increased RBF by about 40% and effectively abolished RBF autoregulation. PMID- 7348031 TI - On caecal synthesis and absorption of amino acids and their importance for nitrogen recycling in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus). AB - The willow ptarmigan has two large caeca housing dense populations of microorganisms. Urine, containing uric acid, is transported from the cloaca into the caeca when these are filled. Here the uric acid is rapidly broken down, suggesting that the caeca take part in a recycling of excretory nitrogen. In this work it is shown that ammonia produced by the uric acid decomposition is incorporated into new amino acids in a glutamic dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction. We have, however, not been able to detect any absorption of amino acids from the caeca, indicating that nitrogen recycling via the amino acid route does not occur. PMID- 7348032 TI - Distribution of blood flow in the dog kidney. III. Local uptake of 10 mum and 15 mum microspheres during renal vasodilation and constriction. AB - Recent studies indicate that intrarenal distribution of blood flow measured with microspheres (Ms) during control conditions depends on Ms size. We therefore compared local flow in outer and middle cortex (C1 and C2) and inner cortex plus the medulla (C3M) using 10.5-12.0 and 13.9-15.0 mum Ms (Ms 10 and Ms 15). One pair of Ms 10 and Ms 15 was injected during control and a second pair at 80% increased or 50% decreased total renal vascular conductance (RVC), as induced by infusion of acetylcholine (Ach) and angiotensin II (Ang) or noradrenaline (NA). All zones participated in dilation and constriction, as indicated by both Ms sizes. Ms 15 underestimated C3M flow as compared to Ms 10, by 19% during control or Ang, and by 3% during Ach (P less than 0.02). The C3M flow fractions increased during Ach and decreased during Ang, whereas NA gave greatly variable results, on average no change. Renal Ms extraction averaged 97.0 +/- 3% for Ms 10, 98.6 +/- 2.4% (S.D.) for Ms 15. About 8% of Ms 10 and less than 1% of Ms 15 were located in peritubular capillaries in each cortical zone. Neither total Ms extraction nor zonal extraglomerular Ms fraction changed over the present RVC range. Thus, the Ms 10 to Ms 15 differences as well as the observed redistribution must be due to differences in local entry of Ms into the afferent arterioles. However, steric restriction of Ms at arteriolar inlets did not play a significant role. The measured redistribution of fractional flow could in part be due to skimming of Ms at arteriolar inlets along the interlobular arteries (i.l.a.), depending on the C3M flow fraction, Ms size and i.l.a. diameter. If the observed fractional flow redistributions were solely due to variable Ms skimming, Ms 15 underestimated C3M flow by 53%, Ms 10 by 43%, during Ang as compared to Ach. Although Ms 10 and Ms 15 may correctly indicate the direction of fractional glomerular flow redistribution, at least Ms 15 overestimates this phenomenon quantitatively. PMID- 7348033 TI - Distribution of blood flow in the dog kidney. IV. Reversed net inward postglomerular capillary flow in the cortex after blocking interlobular arteries by 50 mum microspheres. AB - Simultaneous measurement of glomerular flow by 15 mum microspheres (Ms) and postglomerular capillary flow by 125I-iodoantipyrine (I-Ap) suggest that about 10% of total RBF flow inward through the entire cortex in the postglomerular capillaries of the dog kidney. This flow fraction might be variable (Clausen et al. 1978, 1980) and perhaps even reversible. To test this possibility we injected 50 mum Ms into the renal artery in order to obstruct interlobular arteries and produce a selective reduction of outer cortical glomerular blood flow and postglomerular pressure. The 50 mum Ms reduced total RBF by 50%. In the outer cortex, postglomerular flow measured by I-Ap was significantly less reduced than glomerular flow as measured by 15 mum Ms: Whereas the inward flow fraction from inner cortex to the medulla was maintained, about 5% of RBF now drained from midcortex to outer cortex. This observation support the theory of a variable net postglomerular capillary flow of radial direction in the cortex of the dog kidney. PMID- 7348034 TI - Changes in nodal function in nerve fibres of the spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar rat: potential clamp analysis. AB - Single myelinated nerve fibres were isolated from the sciatic nerves of the spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar rat after 17-185 days of overt diabetes. Pronounced demyelination and paranodal changes were found in one rat (diabetes duration 185 days), the others had no structural changes that could be detected light-microscopically. Potential clamp analysis of these fibres showed a decreased Na equilibrium potential (UNa), decreased Na currents caused by large inactivation, and a specific increase in the K-permeability. Measurements with high-K solution outside the node revealed that the decreased UNa was caused by high axoplasmic [Na]. Fibres with increased K-permeability had, in addition, increased nodal leak conductance. Decreased excitability was found in the majority of the fibres and was related to the permeability changes. The present findings indicate that axonal dysfunction (Na-accumulation and inactivation of the Na-permeability) precede the changes (increased K-permeability) related to paranodal demyelination. PMID- 7348035 TI - Vibrotactile thresholds in non-Pacinian mechanoreceptive afferents: the importance of temporal parameters. AB - Vibrotactile thresholds of non-Pacinian mechanoreceptive afferents (RA, SAI, SAII) were determined as a function of stimulus duration (100-800 ms) at three frequencies (20-240 Hz). Altogether 64 units innervating the hairy skin of the cat were tested. At all frequencies SAII units had the lowest thresholds whereas SAI units had the highest thresholds. At all frequencies and in all unit populations the absolute thresholds (1 impulse/stimulus train) were independent of stimulus duration, whereas the tuning thresholds (1 impulse/cycle) were elevated as a function of increasing stimulus duration. The present results suggest that the detection threshold decreases as a function of increasing stimulus duration are not based on peripheral properties of non-Pacinian mechanoreceptors. PMID- 7348036 TI - Electrode measurements of the extracellular K+-concentration. PMID- 7348037 TI - The relationship between the mean muscle fibre area and the muscle cross sectional area of the thigh in subjects with large differences in thigh girth. PMID- 7348038 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as a possible neurotransmitter involved in penile erection. PMID- 7348039 TI - Effect of amygdalectomy on stress-induced myocardial necroses and blood levels of catecholamines in pigs. PMID- 7348040 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in human skeletal muscle and kidney microsomes: formation of substantial amounts of an unknown, polar compound. PMID- 7348041 TI - A standardized electrode for percutaneous recording of A and C fibre units in conscious man. PMID- 7348042 TI - Cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation decreases intracranial pressure in the cat. PMID- 7348044 TI - [Structure of a delusion. I. The moment of deviation]. PMID- 7348043 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for a local VIP-ergic neuron system in the adrenal gland of the rat. PMID- 7348045 TI - [Suicide and adolescence. II. Psychosocial factors and clinical aspects]. AB - In this study, that follows another one, where the normal characteristics of adolescence that may influence suicidal behavior were focalised, a critical review of the psycho-social elements involved in the matter is done; attention is also given to the clinical picture. The family influences are very important and frequently we find antecedents of suicidal behavior in parents or in near relatives. The homes are usually unhappy with a father absent or "feeble". It is not rare the presence of a dominant-rejecting mother. The home is poor in love expressions, and the intra and extra family reactions tend to lead to the youth social isolation. With the changes that normally happens in adolescence, the repressed aggressive impulses increase and tend for discharge at this phase, but usually the youth turns them against himself. The emergent genital sexuality is also perceived as threatening by the parents. Though lacking more detailed studies, it seems that families of suicidal adolescents are very similar to the families of depressive ones. In females, cultural influences such as greater tolerance to suicidal attempts behavior, perhaps explain the higher incidence of this behavior. Men usually use violent methods for consumating the suicide, and often their mental status is more severe than in females. The precipitant factors vary a lot but they usually give evidence of a conflictive situation. It is suspected that often the patient unconsciously puts himself in the difficult situation. The influence of mental illness in the suicidal behavior of adolescents is complicated by several classificatory systems and the possibility of considering abnormal aspects that normally occur during adolescence. In the clinical picture is important to consider the patient report about his suicidal thoughts. The evaluation of the defences, the intensity of the conflict and the suicidal ideas involved, will determine our conduct. An important feature is that, in adolescents, depressive symptoms usually occur as "equivalents". The prognostic is worse when it is impossible to modify family relationships and when social life continues unpoverished. In 40% of the cases a new suicide attempt is done, and the risk is greater during the year that follows the first attempt. Prevention may be done by trying to understand and discuss adolescents problems with them in their peer groups. Public campaigns and courses with moral appeals should be avoided because they increase feelings of guilt. Special attention has to be given in each case to social and family situations. An early diagnosis by pediatricians, clinicians, teachers and law authorities is very important. To do this work they need to have instruction about the adolescence developments. PMID- 7348046 TI - [Strategies for extending mental health services to developing countries. I. Description of the project]. AB - Mental Disorders constitute a severe Public Health problem in developing countries due to inadequate resources specially in terms of trained personnel; furthermore, Mental Health care is given out only in specialized Institutions where it has not been possible to provide coverage for more than a small part of the population. In this context the Collaborative Study on Strategies for the Extension of Mental Health Care has been planned, using as its guiding principle the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee on Organization of Mental Health Services in Developing Countries (W.H.O. 1975). The objectives of the study are to determine the feasibility of introducing Mental Health Care directed toward defined priority conditions into general health services, to develop methods of selection for interventions in Mental Health Care as well as methods for task oriented training for health workers, to evaluate effectiveness of alternative low cost methods and to develop and evaluate ways of simulating community response to problems related to mental disorders. The areas selected are representative of the range of environments in developing countries in terms of overall socioeconomic and health status. In each area, actions will be directed towards making baseline observations and towards provision of care (planning, training, supervision and provision of referral channels). Specific interventions in the Cali area are described in regard to the training of the Health Center personnel in Mental Health, the provision of psychotropic drugs at the peri-urban level and provision of Mental Health Care by Primary Health Workers under the supervision of Health Center physicians and nurses. PMID- 7348047 TI - [Gestalt therapy of complaints]. AB - People can express their suffering voicing it, complaining with their body, with gestures, movements; for alerts eyes it is even more comprehensive and true than words. Complaints that human beings are capable of expressing are not so many, there are only a handful, and this work intends to be exhaustive in its exposition. It is possible to complain against third persons. It is also possible to do so against oneself assuming either the intransigent attitude of a father who judges a son who does not fulfill his expectancies, or as a son who resents the paternal demands which he feels he cannot comply. Other kind of complaints include physical symptoms, either isolated (cephalea, dysnea, urticaria) or constituting syndromes or illnesses. Losses suffered are also a source of complaints, whatever the lost object might be (person, situation, material things or a part of oneself). It can be mourned because of its absence, or else by feeling guilty of the real or imaginary damage inflicted or else by feeling indisolubly linked to it with a phantom tie. Other types of complaints are the feeling of dependancy towards something oppressive, be it a substance, such as alcohol, smoking, drugs or overeating, or it may be a person or a situation. In view of the compulsive addiction characteristics with which the subject lives, it is possible to assimilate this dependancy and the feeling of oppression and damage to the link with a toxic. PMID- 7348048 TI - [Inhibitions or neurosis and masculine characteristics in women. Contributions to analysis of denial]. AB - The first part of this paper describes the general qualities of the psychical apparatus in two groups of women, male character and inhibition or neurosis. A different attitude towards the realization of the sexual difference in the phallic phase originates these two groups. The girl with a male character identifies herself with the little boy and maintains an autoerotic attitude. In the case of inhibition or neurosis the girl undervaluates herself and renounces her pleasure in masturbation. In the second part we develop a pattern of analysis, the theory of the places within the psychical apparatus: ideal, wish object, assistant and rival of the subject. The ideal is defined as warrantor for the being, for the feeling of oneself. When this ideal-cathexis happens the subject is put in the place of assistant of the ideal, in order to be recognized, to get the identification, the being. The place of rival is occupied by the one whose wishes are identical with the subject's, with whom the former has an exclusion relationship. The place of wish object appears in a heterosexual link, as the consequence of a libidinous cathexis. The distribution of these places in inhibitions or neuroses and male characters is considered in the next three parts of the paper. In inhibitions and neuroses the girl takes her mother as ideal, and her desire is to complete her, in identification with her father. The latter becomes a hostile character for the girl, and his fate is destruction, loss of meaning. The idealized link with her mother, however, progressively becomes hostile while the Ego of the girl develops. The girl then looks for shelter in worthless and multiplied men, and afterwords in a single man, idealized. These characteristics already belong to male characters. An analysis of the metapsychology of denial (Verleugnug), main defense mechanism against the registry of a traumatic perception, is offered in the next part. This defense preassumes an equivalent of an action aimed at putting something in the place of the traumatic registry, therefore maintaining the idealization of somebody as ideal, warrantor for the being. This idealization is questioned by an existence and value judgement. A link is then established between the Ego and three positions: the ideal, whose idealization the Ego tries to keep (love link); a hostile ideal, who assures the traumatic perception (hostile link) and an assistant of the hostile ideal (link of denounciation and disqualification). Denial implies the splitting of the Ego together with the existence of two preconscious organizations with different rules. One of these systems is connected only with primary identifications and the other also includes object cathexes. In the last item we study how denial works in inhibitions and neuroses and in male characters. The girl may deny as regards either her own body (male characters) or her father's (inhibitions and neuroses). What really happens in both groups is a double denial, and the real definitive Ego, the reflexive judgement, is left out... PMID- 7348049 TI - [Augmenting-reducing construct in evoked brain potentials: dynamic test of Eysenck's dimensions]. AB - Eysenck's personality dimensions (neuroticism N, and extraversion, E) are formulated on the basis of levels of activity within the Central Nervous System. These can be explored by means of electroencephalographic techniques, such as the cerebral evoked potential (CEP). The augmenting-reducing construct allows the prediction of individual differences according to the tendency of subjects to augment or reduce sensory experience and CEP amplitude. The present work explores auditory CEP at increasing intensities in order to develop a stimulus-response function. A negative correlation between N score and the slope of the stimulus response function for some CEP components was found. Together with the positive correlation between N score - CEP amplitude at minimum intensity, such data suggest a higher nervous system reactivity in subjects with high N score. For E dimension, a positive correlation between E score and latency of CEP components was found (inhibition effect). These findings support to some extent Eysenck's theory. The augmenting-reducing construct is discussed in terms of its contribution as a dynamic test of Eysenck's dimensions. PMID- 7348050 TI - [Structure of a delusion. II. The distortion stage]. AB - When one considers a text which deviates from the ordinary and logic rules of language and is pervaded by imagination, the intent of reasoning over its content impedes the adequate comprehension of the various significations born by the mentioned text. This difficulty of reasoning is due to the coexistence of significations incompatible among them. If we also take account the historic lag, the argumentation and the underestimation of the others by the author (they are only the 'redundant ones'), it becomes evident that we are to reconstruct a situation which is dangerously fragile. There is an added obstacle, the fact that the text has a significance in three levels - historic, fantastic and delusional in which each message is decodified. The family, culture and belief contexts are the necessary material resources. The text becomes in this way, conventional, increasing its semantic credibility. The delusion, in spite of its appearing as a creation, is not more than a redundancy with which the author seeks a conciliation between incompatible ideas. Its significance changes, then, constantly and instead of informing, blocks its comprehension and frustrates the reader. To succeed in the recreation of a world in which the conditions mentioned be accomplished, it is necessary to persuade. That's way it is necessary for the author to legitimate the imaginary fillings of the text. The intent of symbolizing turns the deviation into distortion, second structural moment of delusion whose principal purpose is at the service of the new identity. The text is arranged as an inventio rethorica by means of the enthymem, procedure by which it becomes linked to the already mentioned semantic credibility. In this way the estimation of the other changes. They are taken into account according to their capacity of sending back what the deluded person wants to hear. The distortion is not limited to the text; it also reaches the appreciation of the others. All this ends in a complex rethoric development in which digressions, the slide of significations, and the anaphoras (repetions) abund. This repetition sends back to 'something-already-known', impossible of being symbolically expressed, but which constitutes the reference always present. We are again before an imaginary filling of the 'hole' of the text, where the delusional synecdoche places a part instead of the whole. A text construed in this way is never convincent nor conveys certitude. The delusional text needs to keep attached to the opinion of others. The author of a delusional text needs them as an essential public that may help him to convince himself of the text. PMID- 7348051 TI - [Prevalence of patients with indications of alcoholism confined in a general hospital. Relevance of the detection method]. PMID- 7348052 TI - [Psychogalvanogram and interpretation of human behavior]. AB - The psychodermogalvanogram is a modern electrographical procedure whose main function depends upon a Wheatstone Bridge set at a constant voltage and with variations of intensity set up in direct relation to the conductivity of the skin. The spontaneous psychodermogalvanogram (SPDG) makes it possible to evaluate patients that could be either of a: a) normal reaction; b) hyporeactional; c) hyperreactional; d) disreactional or unstable. The psycholinguistic psychogalvanogram (PLPG) enables the possibility of distinguishing the different forms of behaviour: A) Normal reactions (+/- 80% of our clinical reports). The comportance of youths not hypnotizable or hypnocomplacent pacients, geriatrics, psychopatic personalities, electroepylepsies (GME), juvenile diabetics, etc. The PLPG presents the typical reactions in the positive answers (a marked increase in the biophasic or monophasic waves lengths) or the negative (a reduction in the volume of both waves lengths). The Time Reaction of Psycholinguistic factor (TRPL) varies from 70 to 110 ms. The comprehension of guestaltic questions arising and a repetition of the same shorten the TRPL. Rapid reaction of physic stress. Common to EEF there is an increased activity in the beta rythm prefontal left of the band 16 to 27 c/s and the paroxisms alpha prior to the right temporal of band 8 c/s and a duration of 3 to 5 seconds, equivalent answers to the PLPG. The cardiorespiratory rythm increase in relation to psychic stress. The Rheoencephalogram (REG) revealed an increase in the flown pulse of anterior cerebral artery of left hemisphere and the middle cerebral artery of right hemisphere. B) Abnormal reactions (+/- 11% of our clinical reports), which includes deep oligophrenics, schizophrenics, delirants and electroepilepsias (PME). The PLPG shows a dominance in the monophasic waves lengths at low variation similar to those found in arteriosclerosis. Paradoxically, the REG shows a marked reduction of the right carotic cerebral artery (genetic modification?). On the other hand the PLPG shows practically no reactional changes. C) Hyper reactives or sofronizables (+/- 9% of our clinical reports) includes those who can be hypnotized or are supersensitive. The PLPG reveals biondic cycles which are grouped in convexed arcs on the rise, reaching levels of 4 to 6 positive reaction, or in concave arcs on the decline reaching negative reactions. The TRPL is very brief, from 30 to 55 ms. The EEG shows in the left hemisphere, on the beta rithm basalis, alpha paroxysm of 8 c/s and 1 to 2 seconds duration wich are recorded in the prefrontal area. The right hemispheric recording, registers paroxysms of a large quantity in the theta rythm with a frequency of 5 to 6 cycles per second and a duration of 5 to 6 seconds which interrupted the beta band in a frequency of 14 to 17 c/s, similar to those registered during the drowsiness. The EOG shows very slow wyw movement. The ECG reduced its frequency and the electrospirogram (ESG) increased its volume. The pupils are parcial miotics... PMID- 7348053 TI - [Interpretative method as a synthesis of explicative, teleologic and analogic models]. AB - To establish the basis of the interpretative method is congruous with finding a solid basis--epistemologically speaking--to the analytic theory. This basis would be the means to transform this theory into a real science with its necessary adecuation among method, act and object of knowledge. It is only from a scientific stand that the psychoanalytic theory will be able to face successfully the reductionisms that menace it, be it the biologist-naturalism with its explanations of the psychic phenomena by means of mechanisms and biologic models or be it the speculative ideologies with their nucleus of technical praxis which make it impossible for the social-factic sciences to become real sciences. We propose as interpretative method the union of two models: the teleologic one which makes possible the appearance of intelligible, contingent and variable explanations between an antecedent and a consequent on one side, and on the other, the analogic model with its two moments: the comparative and the symbolic one. These moments makes possible the comparison and the union between antecedent and consequent baring in mind the "natural" ambiguity of the subject-object in question. The principal objective of the method--as a regulative idea in the Kantian sense--would be the search of univocity as regards the choice of one and only one sense from all the possible senses that "explain" the motive relationship or motive-end relationship in order to make the interpretation scientific. This status of scientificity should obey the rules of explanation: that the interpretations be derived effectively from the presupposed theory, that they really explain what they claim to explain, that they are not contradictory or contrary in the same ontologic level. We postulate that the synthesis of the two mentioned models, the teleologic-explanative and the analogic one allows us to find a possibility to make clear the "dark" sense of the noun interpretation and in this way the factibility of speaking of an interpretative method that develops the real concrete object by producing the formal and abstract one--which for us is the behaviour of the subject--. In this way the interpretations come to be teleological explanations overdetermined by an analogical relationship. This means that they produce the formal and abstract object -the method--which is in itself an intelligible, continguent and variable relationship between an antecedent and a consequent permitting in this way the emergence of a symbolic comparison to explain the real concrete. The symbolic explanations and comparisons are strictly derived from the presupposed theory, the theoretical body of psychoanalysis. PMID- 7348054 TI - [Analysis of quantitative information obtained in a field study of affective privation in institutionalized children under 3 years of age]. AB - The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, with the aid of reliable numerical methods, the incidence of the variable, lack of mothering care, in an experimental group (GE) of 94 children under three years of age who had suffered, at least once, separation from mother and had lived for a while in a institution for young children. GE was compared with a control group (GC) of 79 children of similar age and socio-economic status who had never suffered separation from mother. The present paper was based on field research carried out by Julia Ferrari de Prieto in the Refugio Maternal (RM), an institution for young children located in a pediatric hospital in Buenos Aires. From the data gathered, comprising specimen observation, interviews, and results of Brunet and Lezine's Development Test for young children, the AA selected quantitative information- quotient of development (CD)--to make a computational program that proved the following: a) that GC, with a mean CD of 101.61 was really a random sample from a population of children under three years old who had received non-interrupted mothering care; b) that in all the experimental group (GET) the weight of the variable lack of mothering care was found to be very strong, and represented a development shortfall of about 20%; c) that the GET was really a non-homogeneous sample from which was set apart a small sub-group called experimental segregated group (GES) characterized by the short span spent in the RM and whose mean CD of 97.11 was comparatively high; d) that, however, GES was different from GC (Chi squared test proved the non-dependency of GES and GC samples with a level of significance of 0.05); e) that, therefore, the variable, time when mothering care was lacking was one of very strong weight, even if the period spent in RM was a very short one (7 days for children of age over three months, and 30 days for children of age under three months, at the time of their arrival at the RM). The AA are now carring out an analysis of GES, to be published in a forthcoming paper, in view of the special characteristics of this small group. PMID- 7348055 TI - [Structure of a delusion. III. The imaginary plot]. AB - The "hole" in the text is filled again in a delusional imaginary way. This signifies that in this structural place interweaves a replacing texture to disemble the "hole" and reconstruct -in a symbolic way, of course--a new world. This texture has an especific structure. In the first place imaginary cluster in "themes" interconnected in a scheme -skema was in ancient grechian world the figure, the external way, the appearence--this is a kind of compromise between imaginary and speech, where the roles are binary distributed; but as both contradictory poles coexists, the resulta sunks in ambiguity. The scheme is, then, concealer and articulates incompatible poles in other different way. Ideological modifications articulate to at this same level. In the second place the "themes" suposse the existence of imaginary topics developed in the significant axis of antropological origin. In these "themes" the delusional imaginary material disposes in ciphered "thematic storings" and "structural knots". This cipher belongs to the legal area of personalization but as infraction. The delusional text never is transgresive and as it remains in the same legal area, it becomes prisoner of the symbolic network area which forbides to change and to expand. The speech now appears as the bolt of the imaginery area. PMID- 7348056 TI - [An integrated program for psychosis]. AB - The reciprocal balance between the cognitive normal awareness of reality and the cognitive psychotic awareness of reality in schizophrenia, is proposed, on the basis of the structural psychopathological theory of psychoses of the author. This balance points to the dominance of the operant conditioning of psychotic reality over normal reality during the invasion period of the disease, an equilibrium of both aspects during the steady period, and a dominance of normal reality during the residual period. A comprehensive program for secondary and terciary prevention of schizophrenia is outlined, with five levels of function delegation: D1, psychiatrists and psychologists; D2, nurses and social workers; D3, auxiliary nurses; D4, family co-therapist; D5, patients and other relatives. The functions delegated to D5 include the recognition of symptoms, causes and course, and attitudes conducing to secondary handicaps in patients. To D4, are delegate the administration of psychotropic drugs at home and technique for reinforcing normal reality. To D3, are delegated notions on epidemiology, the supervision of the psychopharmacological treatment and of reinforcement programs for normal reality, attitudes and its change, and notions of urgencies in psychosis. The D2 and D1 levels indicate treatment at all levels and treat the more complicated cases in institutions. The efficacy of the program in 36 cases, after a year, indicates a reduction of acute psychotic productivity from 72 to 6% of the patients, and a rate of hospitalization of only 8%. PMID- 7348057 TI - [Translation and validation of the Janis & Field Self-Esteem Scale for a population of Brazilian adolescents]. PMID- 7348058 TI - [Dynamics of losses in the life history of a cancer patient]. AB - Affective and social losses are frequently reported in the prodromic period of overt cancer. The aim of this paper is to determine bereavement in the life history of cancer patients, holding the hypothesis that early events could enhance stress produced by recent events. a) It was found that between 1 to 14 years of age, 60% (12/20) of hospitalized cancer patients of both sexes (Mean Age: Males 57.3, Females 49,5), having different cancer diagnosis, mainly in advanced stages, which were selected for psychotherapeutic assistance, had definitive parent losses with a statistically higher difference (p less than 0.0011) over healthy controls of people over 70 years old (Mean Age: Males 82.4, Females 79.1), with only 10% (2/20). Moreover, the same ratio was maintained in an additional sample of patients: 14/30 had parent loss in infancy. Patients also showed higher rates of mother absence compared with controls: the latter having only 5% (1/20), while the former had 50% (10/20). b) More frequent and tragic losses were detected in patients life history: 55% (11/20), than in controls: 20% (4/20). c) It was found that 65% (13/20) of patients had affective losses in the period 5 years previous to the rise of cancer symptoms, that in fact could be related symbolically with early bereavement: 6/7 patients that showed losses of their couple in this lapse, had definitive losses or disappointment of their parents in their infancy. d) In order to establish a effect of bereavement upon the clinical course of cancer, the effect of deaths among other seriously ill patients in the same hospitalization Unit was studied. Statistical analysis using the X2 test showed that 50% of deaths of 49 male patients occurred within one year, had a space of 5 days or less between them, differing statistically (P less than 0.01) from a random distribution with deaths spaced 7.3 days, hence showing clustering instead of an homogeneous distribution. It is postulated that losses during the subclinical and clinical periods of cancer could operate as powerfull stressors, as they may relate psychologically to childhood bereavement and/or a frequent and tragic losses history. PMID- 7348059 TI - [Several characteristics of depression in old age]. PMID- 7348060 TI - [Structure of a delusion. IV. Composition of a delusional text]. AB - The delusional text organizes and disposes itself in a peculiar way. Certain organizators --in Eugenio's case there are five--conform to a distributive pattern charged of the distribution of the text sequences. But delusion is not disorder and Eugenio's text is organized in the axe "dependence-law" in its double meaning of "precept sanction vs. observance and infraction". This dualism is characteristic of the delusional text and its coherence depends on the articulation between sequences. This text is defined by these relations and does not constitute an "illness" as naturalism thought. It is an attempt to answer, though in a deviated and distorted way, questions that the world poses building, thus, a different world. The delusional polisemia grown out of this conective signification is, at the same time, metonimic. This last character is of great importance as it bears an influence on the signification and pushes it into a rational "restauration". This is the task of the argumentation. But the structure, which was conective at first, becomes afterwards implicative. The meaning becomes its opposite and changes its order. This process is not total and, on the text, there are intermediate meanings in coexistance. When the meaning inverts its order it results in the configuration of the special kind of negation which is proper of this delusional text. PMID- 7348061 TI - [The concept of happiness]. AB - The author points to the universal character of this complex psychic reality, i.e. happiness, and intends to define and describe its characteristics. Etymologically speaking, it means joy that is experienced through the object reached or the objective achieved, achievements which presuppose activity and effort. This psychological state is a pleasant, relative and dynamic one and shows itself up through the impulses that lead to spontaneous actions which are in harmony with the fundamental tendencies of the subject. They are not alien to running risks and to the will of victory. Some people believe happiness is attained at random, others think it is an art and a science to be developped by voluntary effort. Limited as it is by the order of universe and human constitution, its being a spiritual condition conveys a transcendency to it but by the same token it implies the sacrifice of immediate pleasure. Love between two people is its paramount paradigm. Love originates in sexual attraction but in its development and at its summit there is tenderness and companionship in a mutual relation between two people who share their genitality. Individual happiness is inseparable of collective happiness and on this idea stands social welfare. From the psychoanalytical point of view, the feeling of happiness relates itself to the personality as a whole and presupposes the cooperation in harmony of all the constituents of the self. It occurs when there is an experience of unity between Ego and World, Id or Ego Ideal, unity which is a consequence of having liberated oneself from the repressive instance. It is the result of a synthetic process, is essentially endogenous and is reached by the linking force of narcissistic libido. It is submitted to internal laws, that is why it possesses a passing condition. Enjoyment of happiness presupposes psychic integration and in this sense it is related to the modern health approach as stated by World Health Organization. In this conference both concepts, i.e., happiness and health are correlated. PMID- 7348062 TI - [The Othello syndrome]. AB - A case is described and 7 others are discussed of the Othello Syndrome, characterized by cognitive, affective and conative manifestations plus non specific psychosomatic accesory symptoms. The nuclear symptom is the delusional or delusion-like idea of jealousy. The syndrome is seen in both sexes, as part of a number of clinical entities (paranoia, psychoses, organic brain syndromes, neuroses and personality disorders). Premorbid personality and family history are always abnormal. Cases of cocaine abuse, involutional melancholia and borderline syndrome are remarkers. The management of this syndrome and of its social sequelae is emphasized. PMID- 7348063 TI - [Program of studies on psychiatric epidemiology in Argentina. General report]. AB - This paper is an outline of a wide program that is currently under development in the large territory of Argentina. The Director of the Program is Dr. Fernando Pages Larraya; it is supported by the National Council of Scientific Researches (CONICET) and the National Board of Mental Health. The general purpose of the program is to study the prevalence of mental disorders in different ethnographic areas within the country. Epidemiology allows the forecasting of disease occurence. A research work this area may be qualified "effective" if it provides useful data for prevention programs. Therefore, it is necessary that researches and professional responsibles of Mental Health Governmental decissions work together. This rapprochment is being attempted in developing the Argentine research program. It has a cross-cultural approach. It can be called "a way of thinking" as opposed to a precise methodology. A considerable variety of research tools are being used, depending on the specific purposes and the characteristics of the ethnographic areas. One of the main difficulties in choosing a technique for "case-finding" is uncertainty about where to place the "cut-off point" between presence and absence of illness. In this program the Present State Examination (PSE) is used in population surveys of large urban centers. It is a semi-structured interview that has been extensively tested. In small rural communities, the work is done using "key-informants" and applying the snow-ball sample technique. One specific purpose of the research is the study of the modal personality structure in each ethnographic area, formulated in terms of the Holtzman Inkblot Test. The paper shows the relationships between purposes, research tools and responsible professionals. There is hardly time or surplus intellectual energy for polemic and alienation between clinicians and social scientists. Theories, methodologies, research data and prevention programs have not developed harmoniously. We need to carry out research work not divorced from Public Health responsible authorities, in order to avoid that useful data from Epidemiological Studies will not be used in prevention programs. PMID- 7348064 TI - [Migration and mental disorders in the Chiraguano civilization]. AB - The ethnographic characteristics of the Chiriguanos allowed us to make up an experimental design to show the relationship between migration and mental pathology. The Chiriguanos are a South American ethnographic population characterized by a traditional migratory tendency. The Chiriguanos group is a resultant of the Tupi-Guarani migrations. From the 15th century up to the 19th aboriginal guaranies moved from the current area of Paraguay to the East zone of Bolivia; they conquered and mixed with the group that lived there and after that they resisted the European forces. The Chiriguanos history can be divided in different phases: 1) The establishment in the new zone; 2) The "Chiriguana war" with the dominant group; 3) The grouping with Franciscan missions and its community organization. This study of Transcultural Psychiatry can be considered as an ex post facto experiment in the field of Psychiatric Epidemiology. It allows us to analyse population phenomena related to changes in the prevalence of mental pathology. The facts presented in this report have been established thanks to the use of sampling techniques adequated to each population being studied (original and migratory groups): demographic structure, total fertility Grow's "evolutional intensity index", and mental prevalence rates in both groups. Differences in the biennial prevalence rates of mental morbidity were found. In the original Chiriguana community there is an evident "group endogamy"; on the contrary, the migratory groups integrated by individuals of different aboriginal culture, are really melting-pots, that originate a new genetic groupal structure. We have worked with human situations created by a natural social and cultural reality. We have worked with two ethnographic homogeneous populations, one of them stable and the other a migratory one. We intended to demonstrate: 1) migration changes the rates of mental pathology; 2) those changes are followed by changes in the genetic structure of the individuals. PMID- 7348065 TI - [Psychophysiologic research]. AB - Psychophysiology is characterized as an experimental discipline aimed at the description of behavior which makes use of physiological analytical principles in order to formulate causation mechanisms. Psychophysiology expands behavioral description and focuses upon mediating mechanisms and intervening variables; it studies "whole organisms" under specified and controlled conditions permitting simultaneous evaluation of subjective experience and physiological data using techniques that disrupt minimally the process under study and not disturbing the subject. It is emphasized that psychophysiology is primarily a descriptive endeavour, its position being intermediate between basic neurobiology and social psychology. It may generate "translation rules" between different levels of behavioral analysis. A brief introduction to electrophysiological techniques is presented along with selected theoretical issues. Among these, a discussion of "intensity" and "direction" aspects of behavior is presented, emphasizing their interrelatedness and the fact that a "cerebral" and a "peripheral" psychophysiology could be distinguished on the basis of the "effector systems" explored and the purpose of the investigation. The contributions of psychophysiology to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment are discussed within the framework of different theoretical contexts. PMID- 7348066 TI - [Suicide attempts according to age and sex]. AB - This study reports of a further analysis on the data presented in a previous work. The intention of the present study was to analyse exhaustively the relationship between some social and demographic variables with some aspects of attempts to suicide. The variables for this study were chosen on the basis of the completeness of data. Sex, age, single vs. married, and family relationship of the subjects were the predictive variables; the aspects of attempts to suicide considered were: number, kinds, means, and motives of attempts. An analysis of canonical correlation failed to show clearly any common relationship of the demographic variables in regard to the aspects of attempts to suicide. In fact, the first group of covariates resulted in a correlation of .40 whose chi square was 22.16 for a p less than .10. However, an univariate analysis of multiple regression for each of the four aspects of attempts to suicide over the four demographic variables showed that a) age of subjects has a definite relationship with the motives to commit suicide, that is, with age; the motives to attempt suicide change predominantly from family difficulties to problems of a more social and professional character; b) also, it was observed a generalized tendency on the part of male subjects to show attempts to suicide of a more serious nature, namely, they plan their attempts and make use of means of a more lethal nature (poison instead of simple drugs). However, it must be noted that the male sample was older than the female, making it hard to decide in this case whether age or sex of the subjects would be the best predictor. PMID- 7348067 TI - [Inter-clinician reliability of the Mexican version of Goldberg's "Standardized Psychiatric Interview"]. AB - The Standardized Psychiatric Interview (SPI) was developed by Goldberg et al., for use in community surveys. The authors made the translation and adaptation of this instrument to Spanish and in this paper they present the inter-rater reliability study of different clinicians using the SPI in a sample of 30 women psychiatric out-patients. The raters were 4 psychiatrists and 2 clinical psychologists. A one week training course was developed before the study in order to get acquainted with the instrument, discuss it and use the standard technique to elicit and record psychiatric symptoms on 5 audiotapes and 10 subjects with different degrees of pathology. The inter-rater reliability was tested using the product-moment correlation, the statistic Kappa and a descriptive index of association in order to show the agreement between raters when the symptom was present or absent. A two-way analysis of variance was also carried out in order to test if there were any differences among the raters. The results show a mean product-moment correlation of 0.90 and a mean Kappa of 0.82. In 20 of the interviews a psychiatrist and a psychologist acted as raters and the results were almost the same. The authors conclude that the SPI is an useful technique for further studies in general practice and community surveys in the hands of mental health personnel trained in the use of Standardized Psychiatric Interview. PMID- 7348068 TI - [The puberty syndrome: the acute obsessive crisis]. AB - For a rather long period of time the authors have seen and followed up the evolution of a very characteristic syndrome. It is not frequent and it appears only in puberty, in boys as well as in girls, and it has been called "acute obsessive crisis". It appears suddenly in the form of a very intense anguish with the constant repetition of questions about the possibility of being in mortal sin and with the evidence of poorness of thought. The acute period lasts about 72 hours and then remission begins spontaneously and in one week it is all over. The evolution of this syndrome showed that it is not repeated later and that it does not leave any defect. It is essential to make the differential diagnosis with schizophrenia. The author's hypothesis is that acute obsessive crisis is the extreme manifestation of the painful mental experiences associated to corporal changes so frequent during puberty. PMID- 7348069 TI - [Prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in the Patagones district of Buenos Aires Province]. AB - The survey was carried out in 1979 in Carmen de Patagones, is the first of a number of studies planned as a part of the National Program of Psychiatric Epidemiology. Patagones is the southern and largest county of the province of Buenos Aires (area: 13.431,93 sq.km;population: 21.121) Economically the population can be characterized as a well-off rural one, with farming and cows rearing as the main sources of income. For case-finding we used the full ninth version of the Present State Examination. It has been translated into a dozen languages and it was used by the WHO in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. One hundred and thirty house units were drawn at random from the registers of the city of Carmen de Patagones. Each house was visited by trained interviewers form the Research Team, and adults (aged 17 to 60) were asked if they would be willing to participate in the survey of health problems in the area. Frequency of positive responses obtained for each syndrome is presented in Table I. All the data were subjected to statistical analysis and levels of significance were got. PMID- 7348070 TI - [Reflections on cotherapy as a teaching instrument in an institution]. AB - In this paper I intend to present the different aspects of cotherapy as a teaching function beginning by the definition of the concept and its two meanings: the large one (the totality of means implemented in the treatment of a patient, (P.) and the narrow one (therapy session with two therapists who are present simultaneously). Then I carry on to the need of a basic agreement in therapeutic ideology and of permeability in the therapeutic team (T.T.) for mutual suggestions. I point to the advantages of the inclusion of the inexperienced therapist in the sessions, taping and observation through the Gesell chamber for the formation of therapists. Next there is a division of the treatment period in three stages; pre-session (the stage previous to the initiation of cotherapy for the first time and from then on previous to each one of the following sessions), the session (in which a therapeutic, a teaching and an intrapersonal period are differentiated and the post-session (in which the above mentioned periods are made explicit, are thought over and the therapeutic project is constantly adjusted. The advantages of the cotherapy for the P. are also mentioned. They are: a) betterment of the contention of the P. when his anxiety expresses itself in inadequate acting outs or is manifested in a very noisy manner; b) useful strengthening of the therapeutic action and of the making of limits: the fact that two therapists coincide in their view gives to their words more credibility and authority; c) the fact that there are two therapists instead of one makes the duplication superior to the sum of the same two therapists taken separately respect ot the offer of more information, models, views; d) a greater possibility of dramatizing roles due to the different personalities of therapists (roles that can be maintained by each therapist beyond the session period with the P.), facilitating in that way a better understanding by the P. of therapeutic interventions: e) unlike what happens with individual therapy, cotherapy allows the passage of a situation in which the third person is only included in fantasy to another in which the third one is included in the actual reality facilitating then a larger interplay between projections-introjections and its further comprehension by the P. Amongst its disadvantages there could be named: a) lack of intimacy as experienced by therapists and/or P.; b) risks of ill doing due to a T.T. wrongly combined; c) possibility of development of a "co-transference neurosis" that should require supervision by a third therapist; d) high cost to the institution. The advantages are, nevertheless, superior to the disadvantages so cotherapy is recommendable in any institution in which therapists are trained. PMID- 7348071 TI - [Psychological and psychodynamic aspects of the diabetic]. AB - The diabetic patient, because of his similarities with the psychosomatic one, became an interesting subject of study for the clinical psychologist. Also, the question has been raised of the relationship between diabetes and depression, particularly in their somatized or disguised states. The present study reports data about the psychological characteristics as well as the psychodynamic structure of the diabetic patient. Twenty diabetic women (with a mean age of 36 years) were examined through a personal data questionnaire and the Szondi Test (five applications). Responses showed many family and personal psychopathological histories as well multiple psychosomatic complaints. The results of the projective test were compared with those of twenty depressed women. The differences appeared highly significant. This results shows that the psychodynamic structures of the diabetic and the depressed individual are quite different. However, in agreement with the results of previous researchers, we cannot consider the diabetic structure to be a specific one, since it appears to be quite similar to the psychosomatic one. It seems that we are here dealing with the "common person" basic structure, adapted to the milieu in a defensive manner and maintaining a rigid control over his drives. When discharged, these tensions manifest themselves in a preferred implosive manner, thus producing psychosomatic symptoms. From this point of view, the diabetic illness appears to be related to a psychodynamic cluster which utilizes the somatization as the preferred defensive mechanism. The relation, however, does not seem to be a causal one, but it seems rather to be parallel to the somatic problem of the diabetic subject. PMID- 7348072 TI - [The chronic schizophrenic: inpatient or outpatient?]. AB - The English School of Social Psychiatry has insisted upon the importance of social factors over the incidence, course and prognosis of mental illness. To confirm some of these findings, a special Project was undertaken within all the psychiatric patients corresponding to a population of about 280,000 inhabitants living in a sectorized area with full in- and out- patients facilities contained in a Swiss urban area. A first study found that only 15% of all the psychiatric patients had been in hospital for more than a continuous year (0.14% of the sector). A variety of psychopathological, social and diagnostic variables were assessed. It was confirmed that services within the community can reduce significantly the number of chronic in-patients, making an admission of more than one year rarely necessary for most patients. The reasons for a long admission appear to be social rather than psychopathological and/or diagnostic. Among the patients, a good rehabilitation prognosis could be predicted for at least half of the population. A second trial studied all patients within the socio-professional rehabilitation services (N=81). The best predictors for a one-year positive assessment of success were found to be: good social relations within a work context, positive work expectations from the subject himself his family and his therapeutic team, married status, initial depressive symptoms, less than 5 years of work cessation and phenothiazine medication. The need for a coherent net of psychiatric services is emphasized, especially so, when "new" long-stay patients appear to be replacing the "old" chronic asylum inmates in most urbanized areas. PMID- 7348073 TI - [HIT scale for Argentinian adolescents]. AB - The study presents the abridged HIT pattern (30 plates) for argentine adolescents. HIT advantage over an other inkblot tests is that it provides for its evaluation a standardized score system. Although it is a very long test in its original version (47 plates) and demands a considerable lapse for being administered and evaluated, there is an abridged version of this tests that includes only the first 32 plates. The subject must give an answer to each plate, indicating what he sees, where and why. The test may be individually or group administered, being the former the chosen in clinical cases. The abridged HIT was group administered to a sample of 156 argentine subjects, both seventeen year old boys and girls (67 boys and 89 girls), pupils of the last year in secondary schools of Buenos Aires city. Means, standard deviations and percentile ranks for both sexes and for the whole sample were obtained. The rules provided by this report are based on a rather heterogeneous but not random sample. Besides, the work has been done with a relatively small group, because of the difficulties implied in the administration of the test concerning with time and conditions required. Anyhow, the sample on which this present baremo is based does not differ too much in reference to the number and way of being extracted from those samples used by Holtzman to elaborate the original rules of the United States. PMID- 7348074 TI - [Treatment of alcoholism. Study of the efficacy of 4 therapeutic orientations]. AB - The present survey studies, in a group of 145 alcoholics from the National Institute on Alcoholism in Costa Rica, the effectiveness of four therapeutic orientations in alcoholism: behavioral, psychosocial, occupational and multiple. The survey was carried out in a harmless population of alcoholics, and it aims to work out and to test treatment designs suitable to the uncovered level or prevention respecting to alcoholism, the secondary one. Each one of the groups receiving the diverse treatments stayed as in-patient under similar conditions. The treatment had a two-week duration; once finished, the patient was discharged and continued with a one-year follow-up. The outcomes are the following: 1. Treatment. The occupational and behavior-oriented treatments present a five months abstinence period as an estimate average effectiveness. The psychosocial oriented treatments reach a seven months abstinence period. Its major effectiveness is due to the specific action this orientation develops on the patients having the worst prognosis. The integration, in a treatment, of orientations corresponding to different theoretical frames can determine reciprocal inhibition phenomena among orientations and lower the general effectiveness level. 2. Diagnosis. The personalities defined as depressive and paranoiac according to their prevailing basic anxiety, and the presence or absence of a conjugal tie holds an estimate link with the abstinence the patient showed when he was discharged from treatment. The prognosis value of this characteristic disappears when it is then direct object of a therapeutic orientation (psychosocial) given that this characteristics are sensitive to changes by action in a specific treatment. PMID- 7348075 TI - [Child mental health services in Argentina]. PMID- 7348076 TI - [Psychophysiology and behavioral medicine. Reformulation of the psychosomatic approach]. AB - A view on psychosomatic research is presented, based ona simplified version of general systems theory. Taking into account the difficulties derived from energetic and economic theories of affect, it is suggested that the three main relevant systems in the psychosomatic approach -person, two-persons, and group- could be studied resorting to the distinction between overt and covert behavior. This distinction is based on the position of the observer, which, along with the specification of the system under study and of the relationships between systems, constitutes an integral part of any general theory of behavior. Although the question concerning the usefulness of concrete, abstract and conceptual systems is left open, it is suggested that the system person might be profitably studied as a concrete system, thus granting an unified approach which could be provisorily defined as psychophysiological. Here the term is meant to imply a broad background to behavioral medicine, one of the major tenets being the notion of the information processing paradigm. From this viewpoint, affect is viewed as an aspect of information-processing mechanisms operating in living systems. Although the position outlined is primarily descriptive, it is contended that it might solve the difficulties posed by the "practical dualism" which has pervaded psychosomatic research, and lead as well empirically testable hypotheses related to the mechanisms responsible for psychophysiological dysfunction. From a broad notion of behavioral medicine, discrepancies derived from the use of apparently differing languages in psychosomatic research may be avoided. PMID- 7348077 TI - [The transcultural process in Latin America]. AB - Are we living in an age of rapid changes, or are we actually experiencing an existencial mutation? The author believes the analysis of today's transcultural processes in Latin America to be vital to the understanding of the society which is an emergent of these processes. He defines the concepts of transculturation, aculturation, adaptation creative integration and of assimilation in its biological, cultural and religious aspects. He outlines the general characteristics of a complex problem: the unity or heterogenity of the Latin American people with relation to the interaction, juxtaposition or synthesis of their different indigenous, european and african cultures over a period of four centuries. He classifies five ideological proposals which have arisen from this process: 1) the ultraconservative proposal; 2) the nationalistic proposal; 3) the indigenistic proposal; 4) the proposal of imitation; 5) the proposal of a transcendent synthesis. The subject is the transcultural process in persons who have migrated from rural areas to large cities, and from one country to another. The author describes four adoptive or integrative phases; he emphasizes that this experience implies mourning, transition and working-through for both the individual and the community. Migrants are faced with "horizontal" as well as "vertical" mobility, thus having to deal with a mobilization implying changes which may cause persecutory, depresive and confusional anxieties. These crises test the person's degree of individuation and identity, as reflected in different types of behavior. PMID- 7348078 TI - [Emotions and psychopathology: an indigenous theory]. AB - After reviewing the beliefs concerning folk illnesses such as susto, colico and pena, which are said to be caused by emotions in Latin America, we tried to understand the attitudes Indians have toward these emotions. The main states discussed are fright, anger and grief and they are related to a universe of spirits seen as the agents of these states or as being annoyed by them. Although there are obvious parallels between his mode of thinking and psychosomatic medicine, the underlying principles are quite different. The emotions involved in the causation of illnesses are regarded as a reflection of weaknesses in the individual. But if Indians consider emotions to be a sign of weakness, they do not see them as the opposite pole to reason as Western philosophy and psychoanalysis do (id. against the ego). The latter points to traumatic experiences as a very important factor in the genesis of neurosis, but during the cure these experiences must be talked about and thus integrated into rational discourse (Das soll ich Werden). Native healers, on the contrary, do most of the work of the cure and they oftenenter into altered states of consciousness, either through drugs or alcohol, in order to supersede the spirits overpowering the patient or to gain the complicity of superior gods, thus making only minimal use of verbal exchange. PMID- 7348079 TI - [Mirror-drawing technic as a diagnostic element in the study of personality]. AB - This paper begins outlining a short history of mirror-drawing used as a psychological technique, related at fist to the learning process, then extended to the field of personality. From this later point of view, the obligatory inversion of the spatial schemes acts as a conflictual and frustrating stimulus and elicits specific responses based on the personality traits. As a psychological test the mirror-drawing may be evaluated according to the speed and accuracy in tracing, as well as can be judged in terms of qualitative reactions (blockage, task abandonment, effort to control, etc.) After such an introduction our first personal experience with this technique 11, 12 is commented. It consisted in exploring the relations between the motivational level, the manifest anxiety and the mirror-drawing performance, all this within the Yerkes-Dodson Law formulations. The main conclusions emphasize the interaction of the two independent variables (motivation and anxiety) as they affect strongly and differentially the speed and accuracy in the mirror-drawing. However, the principal purpose of this paper is to present a study in which a voluntary sample of 39 adults is described according to their speed and accuracy performance in tracing a star-shaped figure in two trials. Owing to this learning progress in both aspects can be evaluated. Our main findings do not agree with Fraisse's postulate of a hypothetical dimension between "speed-inaccuracy" and "slowness accuracy" ends and our resultas rather suggest a "speed-accuracy" and "slowness inaccuracy" continuum. It seems that a good performance involves the two requirements, and the subjects do not show preference for either of them. It also seems that the speed may be due to the situational factors and more influenced by learning, while the accuracy stems from the personality characteristics and can hardly be improved by a voluntary effort. PMID- 7348081 TI - [Argentine norms for the 16 PF test taken by subjects 17 to 20 years old]. AB - This test was administered to a sample of 314 17 years old Argentine subjects (157 boy and 157 girls), and to another sample of 240 Argentine subjects, consisting of 127 boys and 113 girls of 20 years of age. Means, standard deviations and percentile ranks for both samples were obtained. To compare groups of different sex and age test of significance for mean differences of independent samples were applied. Boys obtained scores significantly higher than girls, without taking into consideration the age, in Factors C (lower ego strength higher ego strength), E (submissiveness-dominance), H (threctia-parmia), Q1 (conservativism of temperament-radicalism) and Q3 (low self-sentiment integration - high strength of self sentiment). Contrarywise, girl showed scores significantly higher than boys of the same age in factors I (harria-premsia), N (artlessness-shrewdness), O (untroubled adequacy-guilt proneness) and Q4 (low ergic tension-high ergic tension). PMID- 7348080 TI - [Hysterical psychoneurosis and its psychopathological and clinical limits]. AB - The author's purpose in this paper is to delimit the clinical and psychopathological features of the hysterical psychoneurosis, correlating its symptoms (as characteristic of this neurosis) with the psychodynamic speculations of psychoanalysis. To achieve, this, the author starts by placing this disorder among the psychoneurosis as opposed to the actual neurosis and, within that group, among the transference neurosis, separating it, in that way, from the narcissistic and impulsive neurosis. The hysterical psychoneurosis is also distinguished from the fobic and the obsessive neurosis. The clinical picture of the hysterical psychoneurosis is then defined taking into account personality on one side and symptoms on the other. Dependence, sexual behavior disturbances, agressivity, effects of identification and repression are considered characteristics of this personality. Paroxistic symptoms, corporal and lasting symptoms and psychic syndromes are part of the hysterical symptoms. The author makes a clinical characterization of these phenomena as they are actually found. On this basis the author intends to distinguish hysteria from normality, from fobic and obsessive neurosis, from schizophrenic, manic-depressive and paranoic psychosis; from traumatic and actual neurosis and from psychosomatic diseases and epilepsy. He critically examines the validity of diagnostic-differential criteria and points to the overlapping with other pathologies, discussing in brief the theoretical and practical problems that those questions pose. PMID- 7348082 TI - [Concept of external reality in Freud's works]. AB - Three main functions of external reality (E.R.) relative to the subjecto may be mentioned. a) it is a source of stimulae that promote the structuring of te psychic apparatus. In this sense, E.F. is the place where this apparatus is charged and where it is discharged (specific action). b) it is a vehicle of gratification or frustration of necessity (Anake). The satisfaction of necessity is gratifying, the lackof it is frustrating. c) it is the instance that heals or makes a person ill acording to its possibility of gratifying or frustrating the subject respectively. If we first take point a), we can examine the relationship between E.R. and internal (psychic) reality along the process of internalization of normal and pathologic experience. The author thinks Freud considers frustration as structuring of the psychic apparatus as long as it does not satisfy the person's needs or opposes the accomplishment of his desire. This complels the subject to recognize the existence of the external object. Also, whenfacing the external object the subject discovers his own self. Coinciding with this reognitions he tries to defend himself against it. In normal circustances the image of the external world is built by means of successive projections and introjections. The more sane the subject, the more faithfully and without distortions will he incorporate the external images. To be structuring, the frustrations must be encountered in adequate dose. If it is excessive there will be a distortion of the image due not only to projection but also to the defusion of instincts (defusion that takes place in the process of introjection of external figures). These distorted images of the external world coexist with various fantsies. But these fantasies are also marked by E.R. Even when the individual history of a subject does not give accont of this reality, there is a "filogenetic endowment" of fantasies that always recognize an external origin: they are the prehistoric fantasies. This hypothesis of the original fantasies is similar, in respect to their ontogenetic origin, to the innate ideas of Descartes and it is coherent with Freud's empirical point of view of those fantasies being perceptions in a filogenetic past. In this way Freud tries to give account both of the idealistic and the empiricist points of view about perception. If in genetic matters the interaction with the external world is primordial, in epigenetic matters Freud goes away from empericism of perception to propose the hypothesis of an internal reality, that differs from empericism of perception to propose the hypothesis of an internal reality, that differs from external material reality. But even in the psychotic process, in which the psychological reality is far apart from E.R., the former gets influenced by the latter... PMID- 7348083 TI - [Treatment of outpatients with high doses of haloperidol]. PMID- 7348084 TI - [Primary mental health care in Latin America. The Cali program]. AB - The paper describes the experience acquired during more than 8 years in carrying out primary mental health care in Cali, Colombia. It had already been shown that the use of trained paramedical personnel achieved some advantages to that of traditional approaches. The present programme is carried out in two different geographical areas (rural and urban) which provide care to about 10 per cent of their population. Although final clinical results are still not available, the basic approach entails the use of primary mental health agents (auxiliary nurses and health promotors) as the first step of assistance, ending in the top of the hierarchy, where a doctor and/or a trained nurse are responsible for the diagnoses. A trained psychiatrist acts only as a periodic consultant and as the main source for training. There is evidence to suggest that these primary mental health care agents have more time to talk to the patients and are more able to understand their local psycho-social circumstances. This system enables cheaper and more effective care services. Its advantages, risks and related problems are discussed, and mention is made for the need to maintain regular clinical assessment. The various training techniques are also discussed. PMID- 7348085 TI - [Transcultural psychiatry of heva behavior among natives of Easter Island]. AB - The heva of the Easter Island presents itself as a rite, founded on an antique myth--the text of which we have obtained through a contemporary reporter of the Pascua Island. Transcultural psychiatric investigation is useful for the understanding of heva behaviour, as it allows us to discard, from the formal point of view, its character of psychiatric entity. It is possible that, due to the cultural importance of the heva myth and ritual manifestations, it has turned into a model to express psychiatric situations of the type English speaking authors call cultural-bound syndrome. In the course of our study we have been able to ascribe this behaviour to other rituals of mourning and vengeance, and we have stated that, as social expression of violence, it oscillates between forms of group manifestation, as it can be seen among the African Konso, and individualized manifestation, as seen among the Tauade of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7348086 TI - [Directed daydreaming of Robert Desoille]. AB - The "Reve eveille dirige" by R. Desoille, is a real method of deep psychotherapy directed to the individual selfknowledge through the discovery of his unconscious. The special thing about this method is knowledge through imagination, under determined technical conditions and guided by the psychotherapist according to well defined clues. The result of these workings of the imagination is interpreted later in discussion sessions. The systematic use of these devices in long term treatments leads to a progressive connection of the individual's imaginary world with his past history and his present conflicts. The therapeutic effect of this method evolves out to the utilization of imaginary language--which is preverbal, arcaica and near the primary process--together with the possible manipulation of it. The progressive integration of unconscious phantasies, affects and verbal experiences is enhanced by the imaginary dramatization and is completed by the interpretation of the production of the patient. This process would not be possible without a positive transference that allowed the subject to express his prohibited phantasies. This is the reason why the relationship between the therapist and the patient is--as in any profound psychotherapy happens--the basis of the method. This must be made conscious and conveniently managed by the psychotherapist, but this is seldom done. The paper is completed with a basic bibliography where the most significative works are listed and commented briefly upon so that anybody can go more deeply into the matter. PMID- 7348087 TI - [Transference and countertransference in Gestalt therapy]. AB - The aim is to demonstrate the presence of transference within Gestalt Psychotherapy, opinion not shared by many gestaltists. For this purpose she includes Freud's findings and comments on transference. She also takes into consideration Jung's and Melanie Klein's concepts on transference. The author concludes that transference is in Psychoanalysis a decisive concept in diagnosing and defining a prognosis. She refers to the fact that in Gestalt Psychotherapy the patient projects on the therapist disturbed aspects of his personallity as well as healthy ones, which determines the characteristics of the relationship. In Gestalt Therapy transference is made easy by the self-responsibility the patient has to assume in the process. Within this frame-work some of the techniques which facilitate the use of transference are mentioned: gestual observation, conscience awareness, an alliance with the healthful aspects of the patient, work in the "here-and-now", clarifying projections, switch from environmental support to inner support. PMID- 7348088 TI - [Plasma electrolyte changes in chronic alcoholic patients with and without delirium tremens]. AB - Alcoholism is widespread and a complicated problem in society. Examining alcoholic patients in emergency rooms it is noted that some of them develop delirium tremens. Usually this syndrome is frequent and has a good prognosis. However, some delirium tremens patients have bad prognosis showing electrolyte unbalance that should be treated. Different effects of acute and chronic alcohol administration on electrolyte plasmaa levels are described in the available literature. Although an electrolyte unbalance is often found in chronic alcoholism, usually no characteristic profile for electrolytes has been described and the question remains unanswered. This study reports electrolyte levels in chronic alcoholic patients with and without delirium tremens comparing them to non alcoholics. The reported data were obtained from chronic alcoholic patients seeking medical care in emergency rooms. Thus it is a naturalistic study, with the found alterations representing changes occurring in association with chronic alcoholism. Magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride levels were evaluated in plasm of three different groups: alcoholic patients presenting delirium tremens; chronic alcoholic patients; and a control group of non alcoholics. The group comparison showed: 1) Magnesium plasma levels were lower with DT and chronic alcoholics. 2) Sodium plasma levels were significantly diminished only in patients with DT. 3) Potassium plasma levels were significantly lower in patients with DT when the group values were compared with non alcoholics. 4) Chloride plasma levels remain unchanged in the 3 groups. PMID- 7348090 TI - Combined effect of phenobarbital and dichlorvos on the brain of young rabbit. PMID- 7348089 TI - [Standard and high doses of haloperidol. Clinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects]. AB - The investigation was designed to study plasma drug concentration and prolactin response determined by two different doses of haloperidol, a standard one and four-fold higher the other, and to explore the relationships between clinical effects and pharmacokinetic and physiological variables in psychotic patients. 24 psychotic patients received haloperidol during 40 consecutive days. During the first 10 days they received 0,25 mg/kg b.w. During the next 20 days they were given 1 mg/kg b.w. Finally they received 0,25 mg/kg b.w. during the last ten days. The patients were clinically assessed and plasma haloperidol and prolactin concentrations were determined on days 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40. In the range of dose studied, the use of higher than conventional doses of haloperidol results in an increased concentration in the cellular site of action and in a more complete blockade of central dopamine receptors. Prolactin response was positive correlated with serum haloperidol concentration. Clinical remission was not direct correlated, neither with serum neuroleptic concentration nor with prolactin level. Those patients who reached higher levels of plasmatic neuroleptic and prolactin concentrations were more susceptible to develop severe extrapyramidal side-effects. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of neuroleptic treatment could be useful to identify these patients. PMID- 7348092 TI - Observations on erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations in patients of intensive care unit. PMID- 7348091 TI - The intercellular junctions of the cancer cells from human effusions. PMID- 7348093 TI - Effect of low-molecular dextran on the dynamics of changes in serum and erythrocyte lipids in patients with ischaemic cerebral stroke. PMID- 7348094 TI - Results of antibiotic treatment of premature babies born in 28-37 weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 7348095 TI - ERA--investigations in death children. PMID- 7348096 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in elderly people with high frequency hearing loss. PMID- 7348097 TI - The subcortical regulatory motor system in the development and its disorders. PMID- 7348098 TI - Experimental Mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. I. PMID- 7348099 TI - Interlocking medullary nailing, its effect on healing of the osteotomized bone. PMID- 7348100 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs and neuromuscular stress in pigs. PMID- 7348101 TI - Studies on free amino acid content in seminal plasma of I. A. bulls of different performance. PMID- 7348102 TI - 45Ca-transport in the distal segments of the avian oviduct: an in vitro study. PMID- 7348103 TI - Identification of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus pleuropneumonia among normal slaughtery pigs. PMID- 7348104 TI - The role of the bursa of Fabricius in the ontogeny of the myeloid system. PMID- 7348105 TI - Client types in different drug abuse treatments: comparisons of follow-up outcomes. AB - Differences in background characteristics of 1,812 Black and White male opioid addicts were used as the basis for defining profiles of "typical" clients assigned to methadone maintenance (MM), therapeutic community (TC), and outpatient drug-free (DF) programs. The three client types defined by these profiles, especially reflecting variations in criminal history and legal involvement, were compared using a composite outcome measure for drug use, criminality, and employment during the first year posttreatment. There were significant outcome differences among the client types, and the client type with greater criminal involvement had the poorest outcomes. The outcomes of clients in MM, TC, and DF treatments were not significantly different from one another, but they were significantly more favorable than those for clients in outpatient detoxification and a comparison intake-only group. The major finding, however, was the lack of evidence for an optimal match between client types and treatment types leading to better posttreatment outcomes of clients. PMID- 7348106 TI - Methadone regulations and public policy: the New York experience. PMID- 7348107 TI - Male and female drug abusers: social and psychological status 2 years after treatment in a therapeutic community. AB - A sample of male (N = 214) and female (N = 74) dropouts and graduates from the 1974 population in Phoenix House were followed 2 years after treatment. The sample was mainly opioid abusers, Black, and 19-26 years of age. A 4-h face-to face interview traced social adjustment from 1 year pre- through all years posttreatment. Clients were retested with a psychological battery initially given at admission or during treatment. Results showed that success (no crime and no opioid use and/or no use of a nonopioid primary drug) was maintained throughout 2 years of follow-up by 38% of the males (dropouts 32.9%, graduates, 73.9%) and 42% of the females (dropouts 40.7%, graduates 50.0%); improvement (change from pretreatment status) occurred in over 59% of the males and 60% of the females; success and improvement increased by time in program for both sexes; psychological improvement during treatment and at follow-up was correlated with posttreatment success status. Among successes, the female improvement was significantly larger. The psychological improvement for women appears related to social-role factors that are modified during residency in the therapeutic community. PMID- 7348108 TI - Effectiveness of halfway house placement for alcohol and drug abusers. PMID- 7348109 TI - Alcoholism among hospital employees. AB - An employee alcoholism service for hospital workers is described. Sixty-eight alcoholic workers identified over a 3 1/2 year period are assessed for current status as to activity in the service, work status, and drinking status by a chart review. The principle route of referral was via the employee health service (EHS) and a medical problem (63%) versus a supervisor or self-referral. Fifty-three percent of the workers are active in the service, 31% have had no contact, 12% are terminated from the job, and 4% are deceased. Of the active cases, 75% are abstinent. Active status in the service is highly associated with a supervisor or self-referral rather than an EHS referral. Self- and supervisor referrals to the service increased substantially after the initiation of an employee assistance program in the hospital. PMID- 7348110 TI - Drinking and driving habits of Californians. PMID- 7348111 TI - Alcohol treatment outcome evaluation: an overview of methodological issues. PMID- 7348112 TI - Engineers and the respiratory system: a perspective. PMID- 7348113 TI - The respiratory system: analysis of function and applications. PMID- 7348114 TI - Acoustic determinants of respiratory system properties. PMID- 7348115 TI - [Personality types in endogenous and non-endogenous depression]. AB - The post depressive personality of three groups of previously depressed patients (19 bipolar endogenous, 95 unipolar endogenous, 58 non endogenous) and of a control group of 33 normal subjects was examined. The contaminating influence of the residual depressive symptomatology on the personality measures, when present, was eliminated. Using uni- and multivariate procedures, the existence of statistically significant inter-group differences was demonstrated. The results contradict some previous assertions. "Neuroticism' is significantly higher in the three groups of depressive as in the control group. In addition, the non endogenous are high on "autonomy' and "aggression', the unipolar endogenous are low on "autonomy', and the bipolar endogenous are high on "hypomanic drive towards success and performance', and on 'obsessional trends and aggression. PMID- 7348116 TI - [Current limits and attempts to advance the methodology of biological psychiatry]. PMID- 7348117 TI - [Current status of electroconvulsive therapy (E.C.T.). I. Numerical aspects, indications, efficacy, media, prejudices and ideologies]. PMID- 7348118 TI - [Current status of E.C.T. II. The role of anesthesia and muscle relaxation]. PMID- 7348119 TI - Histomorphometric normal values of the iliac crest cancellous bone in a Finnish autopsy series. AB - A histomorphometric analysis of the iliac crest cancellous bone from 85 cadavers of different ages was performed to obtain normal values for the trabecular bone. The cadavers had not had any medication or disease that could disturb bone mineral metabolism. The bone specimens were embedded in methyl methacrylate and the histomorphometric values analysed from five micron thick bone sections. The density of trabecular bone diminished significantly with age in women and men. The density of the osteoid and the extent of the osteoid seams did not change with age, nor was there any change in the extent of trabecular resorption surfaces with age. PMID- 7348120 TI - The antagonistic effect of pentazocine on fentanyl induced respiratory depression compared with nalorphine and naloxone. AB - The effect of pentazocine, a strong analgesic with a weak opiate antagonistic activity, on fentanyl-induced respiratory depression was studied after anaesthesia in patients undergoing gynaecological laparotomy. Pentazocine (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously at the end of operation. The postoperative respiratory depression in these patients was compared with that in patients who received strong opiate antagonists, nalorphine and naloxone, or no opiate antagonists. Respiratory depression was evaluated by measuring respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and blood gases. The results show that pentazocine has a clear antagonistic effect on fentanyl-induced respiratory depression but the effect of 1 mg/kg is weaker and shorter than that produced by 5 mg of nalorphine or 0.4 mg of naloxone. Postoperative analgesia in patients who received pentazocine was not longer than that in patients who received no opiate antagonists at the end of the operation. PMID- 7348121 TI - Influence of acute hemodynamic changes on the negative peak of the first derivative of apex cardiogram during ventricular relaxation in dogs. AB - The effect of various alterations in the preload, the afterload and the inotropic state of the left ventricle on the first derivative of apex cardiogram (dA/dt) was studied in 9 anesthetized dogs to clarify some of the determinants of the negative peak of dA/dt and isovolumic relaxation time. The first derivative of the apex cardiogram was recorded simultaneously with the left (ventricular pressure, conventional left apex cardiogram, first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram. Both dA/dt and dP/dt curves were similar in contour and occurred nearly simultaneously. This close relationship was preserved during various acute haemodynamic changes. The maximum negative dA/dt and the isovolumic relaxation period was closely related to the level of afterload. Large rapid augmentation of mean aortic pressure resulted in a significant increase in the negative dA/dt and shortening of the isovolumetric relaxation time, where reduction of afterload had an opposite effect. Isoprenaline acutely augmented minimum dA/dt. It is concluded that measurement of negative peak dA/dt under some conditions is a reliable noninvasive technique for assessing myocardial relaxation. PMID- 7348122 TI - Sotalol, prolonged Q-T interval, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7348123 TI - [Immuno-allergology in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7348124 TI - [Immunostimulants]. PMID- 7348125 TI - [Allergy and the lens]. PMID- 7348126 TI - [Current immunologic principles]. PMID- 7348127 TI - [Drug allergies in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7348128 TI - [Immunologic aspects of parasitic diseases in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7348129 TI - [The allergic factor in chronic blepharitis]. PMID- 7348130 TI - [Allergic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 7348131 TI - [Allergic keratitis]. PMID- 7348132 TI - [Monitoring and prevention of iatrogenic ocular effect in general therapy]. PMID- 7348133 TI - [Extended-wear lenses]. PMID- 7348134 TI - [Visual displays]. PMID- 7348135 TI - [Vision and school]. PMID- 7348136 TI - [Allergic uveitis and its treatment]. PMID- 7348137 TI - [Puncturing instruments and cutters]. PMID- 7348138 TI - [In the presence of optic neuritis, when can one eliminate multiple sclerosis?]. PMID- 7348139 TI - [Evaluation of immunosuppressives in Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 7348140 TI - [Dermatoglyphics and skin folds in Wilson's disease]. AB - Dermatoglyphics and creases of 45 homozygous and 62 heterozygous carriers of the WILSON-gene found in 36 families of the GDR have been compared with a normal population (sufficient number, similar regional distribution). The results have been tested by statistical methods in order to check significance of the observed differences. In contrast to other publications interdigital ridge counts and creases of palmae, plantae and toes have been included into the evaluations. Some of our results differed from those published by other authors. The possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 7348141 TI - Ageing and secular changes in adult stature of Jat-Sikh and Bania females of Punjab (India). AB - Stature, sitting height and subischial length in a cross-sectional sample of 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females of Punjab ranging in age from 20 to 80 years, have been studied. It has been possible to separate out statural decrease due to ageing from secular effects by taking into consideration the subischial length, which is least affected by ageing. The rate of loss in stature obtained due to ageing is 0.0997 +/- 0.012 cm/yr in Jat-Sikh females and 0.127 +/- 0.012 cm/yr in Bania females. After adjusting the stature for ageing, the secular estimate obtained is 0.051 +/- 0.022 cm/yr in Jat-Sikh and 0.047 +/- 0.021 cm/yr in Bania females. The ageing and secular estimates obtained per year in both the communities are significantly different from zero at 5% level. The ageing estimate obtained per year is more in Bania females, whereas the secular estimate per year is larger in Jat-Sikh females, although non-significant. PMID- 7348142 TI - Incidence of precondylar tubercle in crania of Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 7348143 TI - [The spread of cancer in Belgium]. PMID- 7348144 TI - [Wakefulness-sleep alternation and biorhythms]. PMID- 7348145 TI - [Sleep and biological rhythms in psychopathology]. PMID- 7348146 TI - [Sleep in children]. PMID- 7348147 TI - [Sleep]. PMID- 7348148 TI - [The use of "microcarriers" for large-scale cell culture. Theoretical aspects and a practical demonstration]. PMID- 7348149 TI - [Typhoid fever epidemic in the province of Isernia]. PMID- 7348150 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella serotypes isolated for the first time in Italy in the three-year period 1978-1980]. PMID- 7348151 TI - [Hemagglutination inhibition test for influenza viruses with antigens treated with tween-ether]. PMID- 7348152 TI - [Antibody response in sera of human subjects to an antigen extract from a C3H mouse tumor, induced by Ad12/C3H cells]. PMID- 7348153 TI - [Surveillance of Streptococcus pneumonia serotypes circulating in Italy]. PMID- 7348154 TI - [Asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella in the province of Ferrara in 1980]. PMID- 7348155 TI - [Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in a population from the province of Perugia]. PMID- 7348156 TI - [An epidemic of purulent otitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa type 6 in a hospital environment]. PMID- 7348157 TI - [Histochemical observations and histofunctional aspects of the behavior of adrenocholinergic mediators in the rat bladder]. PMID- 7348158 TI - [Morphogenesis of compartments and fascial spaces in the proximal part of the palm of the hand. Observations on human fetuses]. PMID- 7348159 TI - [Pathogenesis of mesotheliomas: chronic fibroplastic pleurisy as possible premesothelioma changes]. PMID- 7348160 TI - [Pleuro-pulmonary metastases of primary tumors of the breast: clinico-radiologic aspects]. PMID- 7348161 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerance of flunisolide (VAL 679) and of flunisolide plus salbutamol (VAL 679/A) in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 7348162 TI - [Determination of the serum level of theophylline in a group of patients with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 7348163 TI - [After all, what is arteriosclerosis?]. PMID- 7348164 TI - [Endomyocardial changes with cardiac insufficiency in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7348165 TI - [Echocardiographic study of the left ventricle during isometric exercise in coronary diseases]. PMID- 7348166 TI - [Atrioventricular dissociation with interference and usurpation. Report of a case]. PMID- 7348167 TI - [Program for a simple model electronic calculator for estimation of physiologic and hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 7348168 TI - [Sun spots and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7348169 TI - [Innocent murmurs]. PMID- 7348170 TI - [Heart disease and pregnancy]. PMID- 7348171 TI - [Probucol in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 7348172 TI - [Pulmonary hemodynamics in hyperhydration--experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7348173 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery, associated with pulmonary schistosomiasis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7348174 TI - [A new reconstructive technic in mitral valve insufficiency due to rupture of the chordae tendineae]. PMID- 7348175 TI - [His bundle electrogram--I. Technic, tracing interpretation and indications]. PMID- 7348176 TI - [Cardiovascular drugs and pregnancy]. PMID- 7348177 TI - [Systemic arterial hypertension and left ventricular function]. PMID- 7348178 TI - [Interrelation of coronary lesions, age and angina in patients with heart valve diseases]. PMID- 7348179 TI - [Effects of D-600 (methoxy-verapamil) on mortality and infarction size after coronary occlusion in rats]. PMID- 7348180 TI - [Control of coagulation in extracorporeal circulation. Importance of the routine use of activated blood coagulation time]. PMID- 7348181 TI - [Cardiac dysrhythmia in the newborn infant. Observations in the nursery of a general hospital]. PMID- 7348182 TI - [Radiologic manifestation and pathologic findings of the pneumonia-like cancer of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7348183 TI - Automated retrieval of information on assistive devices (ARIAD). PMID- 7348184 TI - [Pulmonary stenosis with intact interventricular septum: qualitative and quantitative analysis of the vectorcardiogram (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty-one patients suffering from pulmonary stenosis with intact interventricular septum were divided into two groups according to their age: Group I (greater than 2 years), Group II (less than 2 years). In Group I, patients with RVSP up to 50 mmHg have been included in subgroup A; patients with RVSP from 50 to 90 mmHg in subgroup B, patients with RVSP greater than 90 mmHg in subgroup C. In Group II forms with RVSP less than or equal to 60 mmHg have been considered moderate and forms with RVSP greater than 60 mmHg severe. The rotation and duration of the QRS loop on the various planes, presence of a terminal slowing, the ratios 0,01"/LMSV and 0,02"/LMSV, the LMSV and the RMSV in order to assess the most significant vcgraphic parameters to predict severity of the stenosis have been analysed. A fair correlation has been found between RMSV and RVSP (r = 0,55 in Group I; r = 0,54 in Group II). The AA. conclude that a counterclockwiseloop on the H plane and the presence of a terminal slowing are the most reliable parameters for recognizing the light forms, while the clockwise loop on the H plane and a markedly increased voltage of RMSV indicate more severe stenosis. PMID- 7348185 TI - Adenwala oration. "The effect of cup disc ratio on intraocular pressure and visual field in diagnosing pre-glaucomatous condition". PMID- 7348186 TI - The correlation between environmental and ocular fungi. PMID- 7348187 TI - Topical cortico-steroid in herpetic keratitis. PMID- 7348188 TI - Preface: Annual Review of Public Health. PMID- 7348189 TI - The future of health departments: the governmental presence. PMID- 7348190 TI - To advance epidemiology. PMID- 7348191 TI - Ecology of mountain populations. PMID- 7348192 TI - Fertility decline and differences in less-developed countries: an anthropological microstudy of some communities of West Bengal, India and Upper Khumbu, Nepal. AB - The role of socioeconomic and other cultural factors as determinants of fertility change has been widely discussed, with some scholars emphasising an inverse relation between socioeconomic development and fertility, others suggesting that no such relation necessarily exists, and yet others indicating that by using data from various sources it is possible to "prove" that a given country's crude birth rate has declined, remained unchanged or increased. Demographic data are presented on age-sex structure, completed and total fertility rates, and age specific fertility rates by age cohorts of women, from several small, anthropological population units of West Bengal, India and Upper Khumbu, Nepal, exposed to various physical and cultural environmental stresses. The data show that fertility has declined in most of the populations/subpopulations studied and that the decline may, deductively, be attributed to economic development via greater family planning practices. PMID- 7348193 TI - Biometabolic effects of different nutrients on embryonal cultures. AB - It has been valued the effects of different nutrients (glucose, phospholipids and ethanol) on the growth and morphology of chicken embryo cells, cultured in vitro by "pendent drop". Considering that the basal nourishing substratum used in these studies is the best medium that may be supplied to the cultures for the growth of this kind of tissues, the entity of damage induced by different nutrients has been shown. It may be said that the less negative effect is induced by 2.5% ethanol and by the association: "glucose + 2.5% ethanol", that the damage induced by only glucose seems to improve in presence of 2.5% ethanol, that in presence of phospholipids the cells appear all full of big lipid drops (especially in the condition: "phospholipid + ethanol") and that 5% ethanol deeply appears to impair and alter the cultures, as it was been observed in our previous experiences. PMID- 7348194 TI - T4-induced metamorphosis in Ambystoma gracile (Baird) from two populations: the effects of aging and temperature. AB - In order to determine the factors affecting the maturation of the functional hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, Ambystoma gracile (Baird) larvae of different ages and acclimated to different temperature regimes were exposed to a concentration of thyroxine (T4) which activates the pituitary-thyroid axis. A. gracile from a montane and low-altitude population were utilized. These studies, plus observations concerning spontaneous metamorphosis, indicated that populations of Ambystoma gracile are highly polymorphic as suggested by Sprules (1974 b). A. gracile populations consist of 'obligate transformers', 'obligate neotenes', and 'facultative transformers'--which will metamorphose depending on environmental conditions. The colder high-altitude conditions tend to select against facultative individuals, whereas the less certain low-altitude conditions permit a much higher proportion of animals that exhibit a facultative response with respect to metamorphosis. Interrelationships between environment and physiological parameters that determine morphology in salamanders are discussed with regard to these findings. PMID- 7348195 TI - Evaluation of biosynthetic pathways of phosphatidyl choline in liver of rats given phenobarbital: a study on molecular species of phosphatidyl choline. AB - Administration of phenobarbital to female rats significantly increased the levels of liver monoenoic, dienoic and tetraenoic PC and in plasma it raised phosphatidyl choline and its monoenoic and dienoic species and decreased triglyceride levels. Significant reductions in the incorporation of NaH2 32PO4 into monoenoic and dienoic PC were observed in phenobarbital treated rats. Phenobarbital administration significantly increased the incorporation of 14CH3 methionine into tetraenoic and hexaenoic PC of liver. In plasma the incorporation of NaH2 32PO4 into monoenoic and dienoic PC in phenobarbital treated rats was not affected but that of 14CH3-methionine incorporation into tetraenoic and hexaenoic PC was suppressed as compared to the control. Phenobarbital enhanced PC synthesis Via N-methylation of PE and depressed via CDP-choline pathway. PMID- 7348196 TI - Kinetics of alkaline phosphatase in serum of liver diseased, anemic and normal Iraqi individuals. PMID- 7348197 TI - Biliary excretion of tartrazine in obesity. AB - In a continuation of studies on the metabolism of foreign compounds under the influence of diet or other factors in relation to neoplasia development, male and female weanling rats, in-bred Wistar-derived rats (50-60 g) free from disease or infection were obesified with N, N-bis (B-chloroethyl)-4, 4-bipiperidine (BPN) prior to determining the biliary excretion of tartrazine. Obese and normal animals excreted the dye unchanged and in sex-related proportions. PMID- 7348198 TI - Laboratory method for measuring small amounts of tissue glycogen. AB - A procedure is reported which is well applicable for the quantitative determination of glycogen, especially in cases of a small glycogen content in a small amount of tissue. The method consists of extraction of glycogen by boiling potassium hydroxide, precipitation with ethanol, hydrolysis with sulphuric acid, and determination of the glycogen in form of glucose obtained with orthotoluidine. PMID- 7348199 TI - Pronase action on the sheath surrounding ventral nerve cord ganglia in Bombyx mori L. AB - 1. Pronase action on ventral nerve cord ganglia in Bombyx mori L. larvae has been studied from different points of view. 2. Microelectrode penetration in the nervous cell is facilitated by exposure of the tissue to the enzyme. 3. Ultrastructural observations show that pronase action affects mainly the fibrous sheath of the tissue, leading to a partial desheathing of the ganglion. 4. Pronase treatment does not affect significantly the ionic concentrations in the nerve cord. PMID- 7348200 TI - Buffalo (Bos bubalis) erythrocyte membrane: lipid composition. PMID- 7348201 TI - [Microstrabismus]. PMID- 7348202 TI - [Systematic simultaneous horizontal and vertical surgery in esotropia]. PMID- 7348203 TI - [Muscle scars in strabismus surgery (iatrogenic visco-elastic factors)]. PMID- 7348204 TI - Personal experience with the CAM vision stimulator, a new treatment for amblyopia. PMID- 7348205 TI - [Binocular vision in small angle esotropia (campimetric and electrophysiologic demonstration)]. PMID- 7348206 TI - Experiences with Gobin's "four-muscle-surgery". PMID- 7348207 TI - A clinical evaluation of the treatment of dissociated vertical deviations. PMID- 7348208 TI - Cancer Incidence in an area contaminated with radionuclides near a nuclear installation. PMID- 7348209 TI - Experimental aspergillosis in rabbits. AB - Controls, as well as cortisone-treated rabbits, were challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus spores intratracheally. Animals were sacrificed 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after inoculation and their organs cultured and studied histologically. Lesions were produced in both groups, although the cortisone-treated group showed greater pathology and the lesions persisted for a longer period of time than the control groups. Histologically, the pulmonary lesions showed granulomatous pulmonary aspergillosis and suppurative necrotizing pneumonic infiltrates. PMID- 7348210 TI - Lymphocyte transformation test in veterinary clinical immunology. AB - Lymphocyte transformation test is a powerful tool in laboratory testing of immunologic competence of animals. The impaired function of the lymphocytes or presence of mitogenesis suppressing factors in the patient serum were detected by comparing lymphocyte transformation (expressed as thymidine incorporation) obtained in media containing either autologous, homologous, or fetal calf serum additions. Most valuable results were obtained by using at least two, preferably three, different phytomitogens: concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at optimal concentrations (Con A, 15 micrograms/ml. PWM and PHA, 5 micrograms/ml) and decreased concentrations (Con A, 5 micrograms/ml, PWM and PHA, 1 microgram/ml). Mitogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide was considerably smaller and not used routinely. With 2 X 10(5) lymphocytes/well, the background count of unstimulated lymphocytes in autologous serum in healthy dogs was usually between 100 and 400 counts/min (CPM), in clinically healthy cattle and horses from 200 to over 2000 CPM. Higher CPM were rarely detected without clinical disease. Increased background counts were often associated with viral infections, leukemias and lymphoreticular hyperplasias, decreased background counts were associated with various diseases. The stimulation indexes (SI) of healthy animals in autologous serum with Con A, (5 micrograms/ml) or PWM or PHA (1 microgram/ml) were in the range from 100 to 1000 in the dogs, in the tens for Con A and in hundreds for PWM and PHA in horses and cattle. Increased SI were present during the incubation period of various diseases. Decreased SI were associated with numerous infectious and lymphoreticular diseases and were caused by any of the following: (1) the presence of serum immunosuppressive factor(s) in the patient serum, (2) the decreased response of lymphocytes to mitogens, or (3) increased mitogenicity of lymphocytes due to unidentified serum factors in absence of phytomitogens. PMID- 7348212 TI - New developments in calcium antagonists. VIII European Congress of Cardiology Joint Symposium. 22-26 June, 1980, Paris, France. PMID- 7348211 TI - Protective effects of inactivated Pasteurella vaccines in specific pathogen free rabbits. AB - Different inactivated P. multocida vaccines were investigated for their protective capacities against experimental infection with virulent P. multocida strains in SPF rabbits. It was found that bacterins without adjuvant and bacterins combined with the adjuvants tested provoked immunity against aerosol infection with homologous strains. However, most bacterins tested caused local tissue irritation. Further work was done with oil adjuvant vaccines because lesions were less severe with this type of vaccine. Some of the multicomponent vaccines tested gave good immunity against heterologous infection, while others did not. PMID- 7348213 TI - Cardiovascular protection by Ca antagonists. PMID- 7348214 TI - Comparative effects of verapamil and nifedipine on reactive hyperemia and ventricular arrhythmias during coronary artery reperfusion. PMID- 7348215 TI - Effects of nifedipine on coronary blood flow and coronary resistance during cold pressor test and isometric exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7348216 TI - Afterload reducing agents in congestive cardiomyopathy; a study with a calcium antagonist drug: nifedipine. PMID- 7348217 TI - Treatment of spasm of the coronary artery with nifedipine. PMID- 7348218 TI - Can unstable angina pectoris be due to increased coronary vasomotor tone? PMID- 7348219 TI - Role of the EEG in the study of psychological and psychopathological activity. PMID- 7348220 TI - Analysis of the structural organization of the EEG in depression. PMID- 7348221 TI - Methodologic aspects of the use of mathematical methods of EEG analysis in clinical neurophysiology. PMID- 7348222 TI - The use of linear models for EEG investigations. PMID- 7348223 TI - Models of functional blocking of one hemisphere and neuropharmacological action on deep brain structures. PMID- 7348224 TI - Analysis of EEG characteristics by the chief components method in depression. PMID- 7348225 TI - Dynamics of very slow brain activity during formation and activation of artifical stable functional connections. PMID- 7348226 TI - Structural changes in the EEG during adaptation in Antarctica. PMID- 7348227 TI - Investigation of memory during adaptation to high mountain conditions. PMID- 7348228 TI - Circadian organization of the human circulatory and respiratory systems in Antarctica. PMID- 7348229 TI - Diffusion capacity of the lungs during restricted motor activity. PMID- 7348230 TI - Effect of operator activity on circadian rhythm of physiological functions. PMID- 7348231 TI - Arctic pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID- 7348232 TI - Some parameters of the cardiac rhythm in normal subjects and in mental disadaptation. PMID- 7348233 TI - Anomaly of fast processes in spatiotemporal EEG organization as a possible indicator of disturbance of mental activity. PMID- 7348234 TI - A study of interhemispheric asymmetry in healthy and schizophrenic individuals by a dichotic testing method. PMID- 7348235 TI - Neurophysiological analysis of problem situation solving. PMID- 7348236 TI - Evoked potentials in mentally retarded children. PMID- 7348237 TI - Evaluation of complex signals by the auditory system (psychophysical and clinical physiological aspects). PMID- 7348238 TI - Evoked potentials in recognition of blurred visual stimuli. PMID- 7348239 TI - Importance of the differential pressure between the left ventricle and aorta. PMID- 7348240 TI - Scabietic eczema in infants and young children: clinico-epidemiological study. PMID- 7348241 TI - Vitiligo from psycho-social frontiers. PMID- 7348242 TI - Study of genetic variants of familial hyperlipidaemia in some xanthoma patients. PMID- 7348243 TI - Prevalence of different dermatoses-a ten years study. PMID- 7348244 TI - Ascorbic acid in vitiligo. PMID- 7348245 TI - Treatment of skin diseases with biogenous stimulator-placental extract. PMID- 7348246 TI - Tissue mast cells in keloidal scars. PMID- 7348247 TI - [Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium of various inbred strains of mice. III. On the cases intraperitoneally infected with small dose]. PMID- 7348248 TI - [Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium of various inbred strains of mice. IV. Comparative observations on virulence of four strains of M. avium]. PMID- 7348250 TI - Leprosy in India. PMID- 7348249 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. VII. The effect of treatment for tuberculoid leprosy patients and the change of type by the interruption of treatment]. PMID- 7348251 TI - The Indian classification of leprosy. PMID- 7348252 TI - Significance of persistence of antigenaemia (HBs Ag) after hepatitis B infection. PMID- 7348253 TI - Roentgen parameters of the craniovertebral junction (a control study). PMID- 7348254 TI - Pigmentation of tongue in megaloblastic anaemia (a study of its nature). PMID- 7348255 TI - Tubercular appendicitis. PMID- 7348256 TI - Thyroid dysfunction in uremia. PMID- 7348258 TI - Scalenus anticus syndrome. PMID- 7348257 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy in children: a phenomenological study of 25 children. PMID- 7348259 TI - Perspectives in the pathogenesis and management of acute renal failure. PMID- 7348260 TI - Heat hyper-pyrexia and jaundice. PMID- 7348261 TI - Cryoglobulinemic presentation of multiple myeloma of immunoglobulin G type. PMID- 7348262 TI - Non compressive myelopathy with cutaneous amyloidosis. PMID- 7348264 TI - Primary gout (a case report). PMID- 7348263 TI - Pott's paraplegia: an unusual presentation. PMID- 7348265 TI - Bipolar lead system in evaluation of exercise electrocardiogram. PMID- 7348266 TI - Serum copper in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7348267 TI - The ultrastructure of the interface between a glass ceramic and bone. AB - The interface of alkali-poor glass ceramic implanted in femora of male Sprague Dawley rats shows soft tissue, chondroid, osteoid, and bone in connection with the implant. The ultrastructure of the interface with soft tissue mainly exhibits a corrosion process, during which the dissolution of the crystalline phase of the glass ceramic precedes the dissolution of the glassy phase. Macrophages are involved in this process phagocytosing debris of the glassy phase and removing as well as dissolving the remainders of the glass ceramic. Under circumstances not yet fully understood, the corrosion stops, and ground substance like material is deposited, which can be, at least partially, mineralized. After the disappearance of macrophages, chondroblasts, and/or osteoblasts lay down collagen fibrils and ground substance in which matrix vesicles are discernible, representing initial foci of mineralization. Areas with bone connection display collagen fibers and deposits of apatite crystals in close relationship to the bulk glass ceramic as well as small particles mainly derived from the glassy phase of the implant, providing the micromorphological substrate for the shearing and tensile strength of the interface between glass ceramic and bone. PMID- 7348268 TI - Physical characterization of microporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels. AB - Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-(PHEMA) has been prepared by polymerizing in presence of different types of water-soluble additives, at various amounts, which were removed by swelling in water. Mechanical properties of swollen samples have been measured and analyzed by using the classical theory of rubber elasticity. Water permeability measurements were also performed to detect the presence of micropores and to determine the type of water transport. It has been shown that it's possible, using different types and amounts of additives, to obtain a wide range of physical properties of swollen PHEMA as required for various biomedical applications. PMID- 7348269 TI - Biological and mechanical behavior of autologous pericardium used for tricuspid valvular replacement in dogs. AB - The fate of autologous pericardium when used to replace a tricuspid valve leaflet has been investigated in dogs. Changes have been studied by means of macroscopic, mechanical, histological, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro culture techniques. In each of nine experiments the valve failed and death occurred within the first 15 post-operative days. Retraction, thickening of the cusp, fibrinous deposition and/or tissue rupture were associated with a decrease of resistance to traction tests, decrease of elasticity and increase of viscosity of the implanted tissue. The early behavior of autologous pericardium was characterized by precocious inflammatory reaction on the valve leaflets, focal disruption of the collagenous structure of the leaflets, absence of fibroblastic cell infiltration as confirmed by in vitro culture of implanted pericardium and the lack of endothelial-like cell surface at the 10th-15th postoperative day. PMID- 7348270 TI - Surface spectroscopic studies of Avcothane. AB - Avcothane is a commercially available copolymer of polyether, polyurethane, and polydimethylsiloxane; it is used primarily in aortic balloon pumps. The pumps consist of three segments which are cemented or fused together to form the balloon. The objective of this work is to characterize the surfaces, inside and outside, of the three balloon pump sections. By using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) a detailed analysis of the Avcothane surfaces can be performed and comparisons between various surfaces made. Previous workers have reported ESCA and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements of Avcothane and comparisons with their results will be presented. SIMS and ISS are useful analytical tools for studying polymeric biomaterials because these techniques are usually more surface sensitive than either ESCA or AES. SIMS and ISS data indicate that a thin fluorine-rich film (probably a fluorocarbon polymer) is present on the Avcothane surface. Signals from the fluorine-rich layer are more intense from the inside of the balloon pump and the intensity generally decreases from top to bottom. The outside sections of the aortic balloon pump also show the presence of fluorine, but the signals are far less intense than from the inside. One possible explanation for the fluorine-rich layer is that a fluorine containing compound is deposited on the balloon pump during molding and preparation. Another possibility is that the layer is deposited during preparation of the Avcothane itself, but is essentially removed from the outside during sterilization. PMID- 7348271 TI - Adsorption characteristics of plasma fibronectin in relationship to biological activity. AB - We studied the adsorption properties of plasma fibronectin (pFN) on wettable tissue culture (TC) dishes and nonwettable bacteriological (BAC-T) dishes in relationship to its biological activity of promoting fibroblast spreading. The binding of pFN to the dish surfaces was found to be very tight and partially resistant to treatments with 1M NaOH, 2% SDS, 8M urea, or 6M guanidine HCl. Only the combination of trypsin (1 mg/ml) followed by 1M NaOH resulted in complete recovery of surface bound material. The amount of surface bound pFN did not directly correlate with its activity when comparing TC and BAC-T dishes. At low concentrations, more pFN adsorbed onto the surfaces of BAC-T dishes than TC dishes, but the adsorbed material was biologically less active on BAC-T dishes. At high concentrations, pFN adsorbed similarly on both dish surfaces reaching a maximum level of 320 ng/cm2 or 4.4 x 10(11) molecules/cm2. The possibility was considered that pFN unfolded into an inactive conformation when adsorbed on BAC-T dishes at a low concentration but that at high concentrations, molecular packing requirements prevented unfolding. Evidence in favor of this hypothesis was the observation that addition of 50 micrograms/ml of serum albumin simultaneously with low pFN concentrations resulted in adsorption of pFN on BAC-T dishes in an active conformation even though the amount of adsorbed pFN decreased. Competition experiments between pFN and other proteins were carried out, and it was found that pFN has a much higher affinity for BAC-T or TC dish surfaces than albumin or fibrinogen. It was also found that mild heat denaturation of albumin increased its affinity for the surface by an order of magnitude. PMID- 7348272 TI - Platelet adhesion onto sulfonated artificial red blood cells. AB - Rabbit hemolysate-loaded microcapsules having sulfonic acid groups on their surface were prepared and rabbit platelet adhesion onto the sulfonated surface was examined kinetically. Rabbit platelets adhered more markedly onto the surface of a higher charge density than that of a lower one, indicating a trend similar to that found in the case of the surface having carboxyl groups. Moreover, the platelets were found to be stickier in the buffer solution than in the plasma, though the dependence of platelet adhesion in the buffer solution on the magnitude of surface charge of the sulfonated artificial red blood cells was still recognized. PMID- 7348273 TI - Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomains on mode of interaction between block polymer and blood platelets. AB - ABA-type block copolymers composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a hydrophilic monomer, and styrene (St), a hydrophobic monomer, were synthesized by the coupling reaction of telechelic oligomers used as prepolymers. These block copolymers may be represented as microphase-separated structures. It is therefore possible to change the balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity in the level of an assembled order of macromolecules. In response to the relative composition of the copolymers, three typical morphological patterns were observed in electron microscopic photographs: dispersed domains of continuous St chains in the region of HEMA chains, alternate HEMA and St lamellae and finally, dispersed phases of continuous HEMA chains in the region of St chains. The effect of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomains of the copolymers on the mode of interaction between polymers and platelets was studied by the microsphere column method. In the case of homopolymers and random copolymers, a significant degree of platelet adhesion and aggregation was observed. However, the degree of platelet adhesion and deformation was suppressed on the surfaces of the block copolymers containing 0.608 and 0.347 mole fractions of HEMA whose microdomains were hydrophilic-hydrophobic lamellae and isolated hydrophilic islands in hydrophobic areas, respectively. These results show that the microphase-separated structures were antithrombogenic and prevented platelet adhesion and deformation. On the basis of the results obtained, the interaction between platelets and polymer surfaces was described in terms of the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomains. PMID- 7348274 TI - Adsorption of proteins from plasma to a series of hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers. I. Analysis with the in situ radioiodination technique. AB - The adsorption of proteins affects cellular interactions with foreign surfaces and thus plays an important role in determining the biocompatibility of implants. Previous studies have indicated differences in the affinity of various proteins for a given polymer, and differences in the affinity of fibrinogen for a series of polymers varying in hydrophilicity. These studies suggest that differences in the composition of the protein layer adsorbed to polymers from plasma might exist. To examine this hypothesis, the proteins adsorbed from plasma to a series of polymers varying in hydrophilicity were analyzed with the iodogram technique. Copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate made by the radiation grafting technique were exposed to plasma for 0.5 or 150 min. The adsorbed proteins were iodinated, eluted with SDS, and separated with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, hemoglobin, and a peak tentatively ascribed to prothrombin were the major proteins detected. Very little iodine was incorporated into adsorbed albumin, even though it was shown to be present by a separate experiment using dye binding. The fraction of total radioactivity associated with each of nine proteins was found to vary markedly and systematically among the surfaces. The distribution of radioactivity into the proteins was very different on 0.5 and 150-min plasma exposed polymers. The results reflect both compositional differences in the adsorbed protein layer on the polymers and differences in the accessibility of proteins to the labeling reagent in the adsorbed state. Differences in the organization of the adsorbed protein layer may play a key role in determining whether cell surface receptors can come in contact with the specific plasma protein able to further stimulate the cell. PMID- 7348275 TI - The initial stage of calcification in porous hydrophilic polymers. PMID- 7348276 TI - The role of level of functioning in the modification of psychological deficit in schizophrenics. AB - The modification of the psychological deficit in the free and fixed recall performance of low level functioning schizophrenics was examined. One hundred and eighty-seven male and female schizophrenics were divided into three groups according to their level of functioning on their hospital ward and were tested on free and fixed recall tasks under two conditions of payoff crossed with two conditions of informational cues. The results indicated that there was a definite relationship between level of function and effectiveness of payoff, instruction, and training. With lower levels of patient functioning, a combination of payoff and information across trials proved most effective in modifying the psychological deficit. PMID- 7348277 TI - Test-retest reliability of assessing psychiatrically ill patients in a multi center design. AB - In a test-retest reliability study involving 25 psychiatric patients and 5 professional raters we demonstrate that research clinicians from collaborating institutions are able to achieve good reliability for most areas of the SADS and RDC when assessing psychiatrically ill patients under interview conditions that provide even less data than ideally obtained in the practice of clinical research. We expect greater reliability in the actual use of the SADS/RDC on most items and diagnoses since the SADS is intended to be used in conjunction with information obtained from relatives, friends, and treatment staff to confirm and clarify the judgements made by the raters on the patient interviews. Moreover, we are reassured that the diagnosis of schizo-affective disorders and schizophrenia is protected from the item unreliability found with specific delusions and hallucinations. Similarly, the difficulties in determining the episodic and chronic nature of the present episode does not substantially interfere with making an RDC diagnosis of the current condition. A complex diagnostic interview system such as the SADS and RDC requires multiple complementary techniques to determine reliability. We find that establishing explicit procedures for raters to discuss and categorize the reasons for their disagreements on individual items and diagnoses provides valuable data for understanding reliability problems. This has helped us to identify specific areas of the interview and criteria that require further clarification and more intensive rater training to improve ratings made by interviewers. PMID- 7348278 TI - Reliability of lifetime diagnoses and symptoms in patients with a current psychiatric disorder. AB - In this study we assess the reliability of rating past psychiatric symptoms and lifetime diagnoses in a currently ill population using the SADS and RDC. Five raters from different centers interviewed 25 subjects in a short-interval test retest design. Subjects had a wide diversity of affective and non-affective diagnoses and high levels of manifest psychopathology. Our results demonstrate that it is possible for raters from different research centers to reliably rate lifetime diagnoses and previous symptoms. Two important exceptions to the high reliability are the lifetime diagnoses of hypomania and the recurrent unipolar subtype of major depressive disorder, and we alert clinicians and researchers to be cautious when diagnosing these conditions. We conclude that the next step in measuring reliability should be a long-interval test-retest design with separate interviews conducted at the later assessment, one by the original rater and the other by a blind rater. PMID- 7348279 TI - The mathematical case against unipolar mania. AB - A mathematical model is developed based on several assumptions to predict frequency of admission for apparent unipolar mania given that such patients have the same illness as bipolars. The model is compared with data from previous studies of unipolar mania and with data from the author's own study of 77 unipolar manic patients. The observations generally supported the model. It is concluded that the DSM III convention of classifying unipolar manics under the heading "Bipolar disorder" is upheld. PMID- 7348280 TI - [Toward a reasonable prescription of antibiotic combinations]. PMID- 7348281 TI - [Treatment of high blood pressure in pregnancy]. PMID- 7348282 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7348283 TI - [Arthrolysis of the elbow]. PMID- 7348284 TI - [The evolution of papillary tumors of the bladder. (propos of 107 cases)]. PMID- 7348285 TI - [Pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in children in a hospital milieu (apropos of 230 cases in 3 years)]. PMID- 7348286 TI - [Rabies in supposedly vaccinated children, cases of long incubation (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7348287 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of urogenital bilharziasis]. PMID- 7348288 TI - [Costal chondroma (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7348289 TI - [Ectoparasites of wild rodents in Caratinga County, Minas Gerais, Brazil. II. Acarian fauna]. PMID- 7348290 TI - [Pathology of experimental infection in domestic rodents using various strains of Yersinia pestis]. PMID- 7348291 TI - [Pathobiology of malnutrition in parasitic diseases]. PMID- 7348292 TI - Thyroid function and serum lipoprotein cholesterol level. PMID- 7348293 TI - Normal limit of urinary hippuric acid measured by gaschromatography in the male Japanese subjects. PMID- 7348294 TI - Supplemental study on incidence of stroke in Shibata, 1976 through 1978: The Shibata Stroke Study. PMID- 7348295 TI - A newly defined "Association coefficient" between two vectors and its application to the field of epidemiology. PMID- 7348296 TI - A comparison of two rating scales for depression. PMID- 7348297 TI - Further studies on the tubulo-interstitial nephritis in guinea pigs sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen. PMID- 7348298 TI - [Occurrence of headache in the school population. Preliminary study in an elementary school in Rome]. PMID- 7348299 TI - [Determination of fecal coliforms in water using membrane filtration- considerations and modifications of the technic]. PMID- 7348300 TI - Entry and distribution of chlorpromazine and vinblastine into human erythrocytes during endocytosis. PMID- 7348301 TI - Acute hypotensive action of parathyroid hormone-(1--34) fragments in hypertensive rats. PMID- 7348302 TI - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) upon spontaneous amyloidosis in mice. PMID- 7348303 TI - Differences in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in male and female rat kidneys. PMID- 7348304 TI - Influence of cholinergic and anti-cholinergic drugs on plasma luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in male and female rats. PMID- 7348305 TI - Distribution of pteroylglutamates in developing chick embryo. PMID- 7348306 TI - Evidence that vascular endothelial cells can induce the retraction of fibrin clots. PMID- 7348307 TI - Cholesterol inhibition of streptolysin O toxicity for myocardial cells in tissue culture. PMID- 7348308 TI - Hemodynamic characterization of a canine pancreatic shock factor. PMID- 7348309 TI - Composition of salivary gland extracts from the leech Haementeria ghilianii. PMID- 7348310 TI - Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties of salivary proteins from the leech Haementeria ghilianii. PMID- 7348311 TI - Effects of dietary nutrients on intestinal taurocholic acid absorption. PMID- 7348312 TI - Alteration of pulsatile LH secretion in monkeys by pentobarbital anesthesia. PMID- 7348313 TI - [Bacteriochlorophyll a synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas palustris]. AB - By means of electron microscope it was demonstrated that photosynthetically-grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris exhibits an intracytoplasmic membrane system (Figure 1a), which is not observed in aerobically-dark grown bacteria (Figure 1b). The content of bacteriochlorophyll alpha and the enzyme activity of succinil-CoA synthetase, ALA-sinthetase and ALA-dehydratase in several media grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris could be measured. Aerobically-dark grown cells do not synthetize bacteriochlorophyll alpha and the activity of ALA-synthetase is lower than in photosynthetically-grown cells (Table 1), suggesting a possible regulatory role for this enzyme in the pigment biosynthesis. Some inhibitors of electron transport and uncouplers of photophosphorylation inhibit both the bacterial growth and bacteriochlorophyll alpha biosynthesis (Table 2), while the levels of ALA-synthetase are not affected. If the incubation in the presence of these kinds of compounds is prolongated, the effects disappear. Although the regulatory role of ALA-synthetase should be very important, apparently it would not be the unique regulatory factor for bacteriochlorophyll alpha biosynthesis in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. PMID- 7348314 TI - Leptospiral antibodies in stray dogs of Moreno, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. AB - A serologic survey for leptospirosis in stray dogs from Moreno, Province of Buenos Aires, was carried out. Sera from 143 randomly collected animals were examined by the microscopic agglutination test. A total of 73 (51.0%) of the dogs have had contact with leptospirae. The predominant leptospiral agglutinnins were to serovar canicola (37.0%) and to a lesser degree against the serovar antigens pyrogenes (4.8%) and autumnalis (2.0%). Although a high percentage of seropositive reactions occurred against the serovar antigens ballum, pyrogenes and icterohaemorrhagiae, all the reactions against ballum and icterohaemorrhagiae, and the majority of the reactions to pyrogenes represented the natural coagglutinins frequently associated with serovar canicola. The detection of antibodies to the Autumnalis group in dogs of Argentina could be new and suggest the emergence of canine infections caused by a serovar of this serogroup which should be sought out and identified. PMID- 7348315 TI - [Changes in the bacteriological, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the Antartic krill (Euphausia superba) during storage at 0-2 degrees C]. AB - A study was performed on the bacteriological, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of antartic krill (Euphausia superba) stored at 0-2 degrees C. After 6-8 hours of storage a dark color started in the head and legs and spread slowly to the tail. Within 24 hours 17% of the total nitrogen was lost by hepatopancreas autolisis. After 72 hours the krill became inedible due to strong amoniacal odor and flavor. These changes were associated with the multiplication of aerobic psychrophilic bacteria. The bacterial counts of freshly caught krill ranged between 3,7 X 10(2)/g and 2,5 X 10(5)/g at 21 degrees C. During storage at 0-2 degrees C the counts gradually increased and off-odors were produced when they reached values of 10(6)/g at 21 degrees C. The total volatile bases content of freshly caught krill, 0.018 to 0.038%, increased considerably during storage reaching values of approximately 0.100% when off-odors became noticeable and 0.200% or more when the odor was clearly ammoniacal. Pseudomonas spp Gp. II (Shewan) were predominant in the bacterial flora of the freshly caught krill along with Moraxella spp Alcaligenes spp, Vibrio spp, Micrococcus spp and coryneforms. The spoilage flora developed during cold storage consisted mainly of Pseudomonas spp G. II (96-100%). The results were related to the saline composition of medium; however, Pseudomonas spp Gp. II were predominant with both media used. PMID- 7348316 TI - [Inhibition of the multiplication of Tacaribe, Pichinde and Junin arenaviruses in the presence of glucosamine or 2-deoxy-D-glucose]. AB - The multiplication of arenaviruses Tacaribe, Pichinde and Junin was inhibited by 16 mM of glucosamine and by 10 mM of 2-deoxi-D-glucose. PMID- 7348317 TI - [Manipulation of embryos, cells, nucleus and genes. I. Nuclear cloning, cloning and cell fusion, manipulation of embryos]. PMID- 7348318 TI - [Effect of light intensity on the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophylls in Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Rhodopseudomonas palustris]. AB - The activity of aminolevulinate-synthetase in crude extracts of R. vannielii was determined. Its properties are very similar to those of the enzyme from R. palustris. With increasing light intensity on cultures of both microorganisms, their specific growth rates increases and the concentration of bacteriochlorophyll decreases. ALA-synthetase exhibits a dual-pattern; its activity remains at a high constant level up to 4 x 10(4) erg cm-2 seg-1, decreasing at higher light intensities (Figures 1 and 2). The activity of succinil-CoA-synthetase of both microorganisms and ALA-dehydrase of R. palustris remain constant over the entire range of light intensities used, but the ALA dehydrase of R. vannielii shows the same dual-pattern as ALA-synthetase (Table 1), namely a constant high level at the lower light intensities, decreasing at the higher ones. With dialysis the activity of ALA-synthetase of both microorganisms decreases only in extracts from low light intensity grown bacteria, while it did not decrease in extracts from bacteria grown at high light intensities. PMID- 7348319 TI - [Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination test for trichinosis]. PMID- 7348320 TI - [Effect of the sporotoxin of clostridium perfringens (welchii) on isolated intestine of the rabbit]. PMID- 7348321 TI - [Action of white rat macrophages against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro]. PMID- 7348322 TI - [Rationale for a correct diagnosis of viral diseases: importance and function in the area of human health]. PMID- 7348323 TI - [Lactoperoxidase as an inhibitory factor in oral ulcers]. PMID- 7348324 TI - [Determination of the mandibular position observed in a sample group of 198 boys referred for orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 7348325 TI - [Temporomandibular ankylosis: apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 7348327 TI - [1980: National caries prevention year]. PMID- 7348326 TI - [TMJ dysfunction in clinical practice]. PMID- 7348328 TI - [Oral concentrations of fluorine ions in the saliva and dental plaque following topical application of fluoride dentrifices and gels]. PMID- 7348329 TI - [The Francisco Gentil Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Lisbon Center, Stomatologic Consultation. The dental system and antineoplastic therapy]. PMID- 7348330 TI - [Comparative study of the intermaxillary angle, the interincisive angle and the ANB angle in a reported group of the Portuguese population, referred for orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 7348331 TI - [The concept and expansion of operative dentistry]. PMID- 7348332 TI - [Semipermanent treatment or coronal fractures, pulp therapy and technics of semipermanent restoration]. PMID- 7348333 TI - [Mechanism, points, advantages and disadvantages of acupuncture in dentistry]. PMID- 7348334 TI - [Terminology in orthodontics]. PMID- 7348335 TI - [Poisoning by products used in dentistry]. PMID- 7348336 TI - [Post-traumatic ischemic infarction of the pulp, 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 7348337 TI - [Germectomy or premolars? Extraction of premolars?]. PMID- 7348338 TI - [Anatomo-clinical and radiological aspects of ameloblastomas]. PMID- 7348339 TI - [Conservative treatment of periapical lesions. Presentation of various clinical cases]. PMID- 7348340 TI - [Centralized control of ventilators and regulator doors using a computer]. PMID- 7348341 TI - [Multiresistance of salmonella to antibiotics]. PMID- 7348342 TI - [Evolution of epidemiology as an instrument of public health]. PMID- 7348344 TI - [Report on the activities of the Administration Office Public Health (1979)]. PMID- 7348343 TI - [The organization of preventive medicine in the health centers and its medico social and economic importance]. PMID- 7348345 TI - [Campylobacter fetus jejuni: incidence in diarrhea and antimicrobial sensitivity]. PMID- 7348346 TI - [Bacteriological quality of mineral waters]. PMID- 7348347 TI - [Rheumatic valvular lesions in Palencia. Epidemiologic and statistical data]. PMID- 7348348 TI - [Epidemiology of hydatidosis in the province of Cordoba. II. Incidence of animal hydatidosis]. PMID- 7348349 TI - [Primary and hospital care in typhoid fever through admissions to the Virgin de la Arrixaca Regional Hospital in Murcia, during the years 1978-1979]. PMID- 7348350 TI - [Microbiological quality of carcasses of birds, rabbits and other meat products]. PMID- 7348351 TI - [The primary prevention of drug abuse]. PMID- 7348352 TI - [Preventive measures in stomatology, according to age, from birth to adolescence]. PMID- 7348353 TI - [Primary health care programs in Latin America]. PMID- 7348354 TI - [Family planning and mental health]. PMID- 7348355 TI - [Health and tourism]. PMID- 7348356 TI - [Incidence of intestinal parasitosis in children, the offspring of farm workers, from the south of the Grand Canary Island (1977-1978)]. PMID- 7348357 TI - [Tobacco and adolescence: proposals for an effective anti-tobacco campaign]. PMID- 7348358 TI - [Chemical and bacteriological study of the waters of the Aljarafe (Sevilla)]. PMID- 7348359 TI - [Results of the vaccination campaigns against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, and whooping cough in Extremadura and its comparison with Spain]. PMID- 7348360 TI - [Alcoholism as a social disease]. PMID- 7348362 TI - [Health professionals and sexuality]. PMID- 7348361 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica. Incidence in diarrheic processes and microbiologic aspects]. PMID- 7348363 TI - [Health planning for a tourist seashore. Costa del Sol]. PMID- 7348364 TI - [Community participation in health planning]. PMID- 7348365 TI - [Training of health professionals and agents in community medicine]. PMID- 7348366 TI - [Study of refraction in schoolchildren in Guadalajara]. PMID- 7348367 TI - [Analysis of viral vaccination of Spanish children]. PMID- 7348368 TI - [Municipal Hygiene Laboratories and Institutes. Applicable legal norms and critical judgement]. PMID- 7348369 TI - [Special program of research and training in tropical diseases]. PMID- 7348370 TI - [Epidemiology of hydatidosis in the Province of Cordoba. I. Incidence of echinococcosis]. PMID- 7348371 TI - [Isolation of different species of the genus Salmonella in coproculture and hemoculture]. PMID- 7348372 TI - [The possible contribution of veterinarians to national health]. PMID- 7348373 TI - [Aflatoxins in vegetable oils]. PMID- 7348374 TI - [Arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 7348375 TI - [Health protection in public disasters]. PMID- 7348376 TI - [Meningococcal meningitis, epidemiological study in the capital city of Madrid]. PMID- 7348377 TI - [Levels and trends of perinatal mortality in Spain]. PMID- 7348378 TI - [Isolation of vibrio from residual waters from the Alava province. Testing its sensibility to antibiotics]. PMID- 7348379 TI - [Presence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum in rabbits. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 7348380 TI - [Health education of the pre-school child]. PMID- 7348382 TI - [Creation of the Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia]. PMID- 7348381 TI - [Epidemiologic study of bucco-dental diseases in a zone of the province of Madrid (an unfluoridated zone)]. PMID- 7348383 TI - [Repercussions which might arise on matters of public health (hospital care) upon the entry of Spain into the European Common Market]. PMID- 7348385 TI - [Spanish Society of Epidemiology]. PMID- 7348386 TI - [Mortality as a result of malignant tumors in the city of Barcelona]. PMID- 7348384 TI - [Air pollution by nitrogen oxides on the University of Madrid Campus]. PMID- 7348387 TI - [Study of the system of epidemiologic surveillance in the Province of Cordoba during the period 1970-1980]. PMID- 7348388 TI - [Prevention of buccodental diseases in relation to the age and psychology of the child]. PMID- 7348389 TI - [1 year of absenteeism from work in a hospital center. La Fe Sanatorium. Valencia, 1980]. PMID- 7348390 TI - [Anti-rabies Service of the National School of Health (1976-1980)]. PMID- 7348392 TI - [Mental health]. PMID- 7348391 TI - [Epidemiologic study of meningitis in Andalusia 1956-1959]. PMID- 7348394 TI - [Modernization of existing hospitals]. PMID- 7348393 TI - [Presence of synthetic hexachlorobenzene fungicide in Spanish condensed and evaporated milks]. PMID- 7348395 TI - [Risk factors in cardiovascular pathology]. PMID- 7348396 TI - [Risk factors in human cancer]. PMID- 7348397 TI - [Coronary cardiopathy in Manresa. Relation of prevalence of risk factors to incidence in 10 years]. PMID- 7348398 TI - [Occupation as a risk factor in the acquisition of chronic pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7348399 TI - [Trends in mortality from cancer of the lung in Spain (1951-1975)]. PMID- 7348400 TI - [Medico-surgical activity in a hospital emergency section. Incidence of cardio respiratory pathology]. PMID- 7348401 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of chronic pulmonary pathology in hospital patients. 1974. Ciudad Sanitaria La Fe. Valencia]. PMID- 7348402 TI - [Seasonal variation in the incidence of pulmonary pathology at the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, 1972-1978]. PMID- 7348403 TI - [Social class or degree of occupational responsibility and risk factors in ischemic cardiopathy. Analysis of a sample of the Spanish working population]. PMID- 7348404 TI - [Multifactorial prevention of ischemic cardiopathy. Experiment on coronary risk factors in an industrial population. Results of the first 2 years]. PMID- 7348405 TI - [Statistics for hospital morbidity. Problems and perspectives]. PMID- 7348406 TI - [Incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in a rural population]. PMID- 7348407 TI - [Epidemiology and epidemiologic surveillance. Conceptual aspects]. PMID- 7348408 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance in health programs]. PMID- 7348409 TI - [Seroepidemiology of syphilis. Microbiology services in the epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7348410 TI - [System of reporting transmissible diseases in the Talavera de la Reina health area]. PMID- 7348411 TI - [Epidemiologic considerations on infant mortality in Andalusia, Spain, 1956 1976]. PMID- 7348412 TI - [Epidemiologic analysis of the '79-'80 campaign for anti-grippe and anti-catarrh vaccination as prevention against respiratory pathology among the working population of Ciudad Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia]. PMID- 7348413 TI - [Descriptive epidemiology of meningitis in Andalusia. 1956-1979]. PMID- 7348414 TI - [Evaluation of the sources of air, water and soil contamination. Rapid and simple method conceived by the WHO]. PMID- 7348415 TI - [Number of physicians per inhabitant continues to be insufficient in developing nations (without notable changes in the last 10 years)]. PMID- 7348416 TI - [Tetanus, Point to point]. PMID- 7348417 TI - [The health quality of food]. PMID- 7348418 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica: production of thermostable toxin as an index of pathogenicity]. PMID- 7348419 TI - [Epidemiologic study of pulmonary tuberculosis in Murcia in patients at Chest Disease Clinic (1975-1979)]. PMID- 7348420 TI - [Aging and mental health]. PMID- 7348421 TI - [Pastry products produced in Madrid]. PMID- 7348422 TI - [International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals]. PMID- 7348423 TI - [Effects of the attendance time of the preschool child at the Preschool Education and Nutrition Center program on performance evaluated by the additional "Instrument II"]. PMID- 7348424 TI - [Evaluation of a simplified procedure for observing preschool children in a Preschool Education and Nutrition Center program]. PMID- 7348425 TI - [Adequacy of the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale for the evaluation of preschool children of low socioeconomic level]. PMID- 7348426 TI - [Comparison of spatial categories using linguistic and pictorial systems among preschool children from different socioeconomic-cultural groups]. PMID- 7348427 TI - [Evaluation of the scholastic performance of preschool children in the Preschool Education and Nutrition Center program]. PMID- 7348428 TI - [Evaluation of the efficiency of the Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers]. PMID- 7348429 TI - [Food consumption of preschool children enrolled in Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers and of their respective families]. PMID- 7348430 TI - [Preschool children of 2 to 6 years of age and the assistance given them]. PMID- 7348431 TI - [Nutritional status of preschool children entering our Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers]. PMID- 7348432 TI - [Anthropometric evaluation of the effectiveness of the food supplement of the Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers]. PMID- 7348433 TI - [Use of arm circumference in the measurement of the nutritional status of preschool children]. PMID- 7348434 TI - [Initial evaluation of the psycho-pedagogic effects of the Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers]. PMID- 7348435 TI - [Instrument for the evaluation of the development of preschool children of the Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers]. PMID- 7348436 TI - [Preschool Education and Nutrition Centers. Alternative solution to the integrated care of the preschool child]. PMID- 7348437 TI - ["Instrument I" additional evaluation of the development of preschool children- its value in distinguishing age groups]. PMID- 7348438 TI - Mourning response and intervention in stillbirth: an alternative genetic counseling approach. PMID- 7348439 TI - Differential fertility in Bangladesh: a path analysis. PMID- 7348440 TI - Sequence of events following adoption of contraception: an exploratory analysis of 1973 fertility history data. PMID- 7348441 TI - Admixture and population replacement of the Sells Papago indians: three strategies. PMID- 7348442 TI - Models of spouse influence and their application to smoking behavior. PMID- 7348443 TI - "The correlates of attitudes toward euthanasia" revisited. PMID- 7348444 TI - Social class and fertility in metropolitan Madras. PMID- 7348445 TI - Mortality differentials by size of place and sex in Pennsylvania for 1960 and 1970. PMID- 7348446 TI - Legalization of consensual unions in Latin America. PMID- 7348447 TI - Endogamy in settlement populations of Semai Senoi: potential mate pool analysis and simulation. PMID- 7348448 TI - A lunar effect on fertility. PMID- 7348449 TI - Fertility and patterns of labor force participation among married women. PMID- 7348450 TI - Sibling and environment correlates of children's achievement: sex group differences. PMID- 7348451 TI - [Morphologic characteristics and the role of the terminal portion of the ureter in the human]. PMID- 7348452 TI - [Iatrogenic myofibrosis of the quadriceps muscle]. PMID- 7348453 TI - [The first appearance of Vater-pacini lamellar corpuscles and the appearance of oval types of corpuscles in the skin of the big toe of the foot in the human fetus as an estimation of fetal age]. PMID- 7348454 TI - [Adult type of diabetes mellitus in young people (Mason syndrome)]. PMID- 7348455 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the ectopic kidney in the pelvis]. PMID- 7348456 TI - [Infection with hepatitis B virus in hemodialysis units]. PMID- 7348457 TI - [Systematic examination of women for the early detection of cancer of the genitalia in a rural population]. PMID- 7348458 TI - [Incarcerated epigastric hernia in a patient with acute infarct and heart decompensation]. PMID- 7348459 TI - [Recognizing stages of acute abdomen as a complication of cesarean section]. PMID- 7348460 TI - [Some impressions on the pathology and organization of health services in a North African state]. PMID- 7348461 TI - Non-frozen preservation of committed hematopoietic stem cells from normal human bone marrow. AB - We examined the optimal conditions for maintaining normal human hematopoietic stem cells without cryopreservation. The effects of serum, HEPES, CPD and storage temperature were studied. Stem cell integrity (CFU-c, CFU-e, and BFU-e) was optimally maintained when the bone marrow cells were suspended in a medium containing 40% fetal calf serum, 25 mM HEPES, and 12.28% CPD and maintained at 4 degrees C. For example, under these storage conditions the recovery of functionally intact early erythroid stem cells, BFU-e, was 84% after 2 days, 44% after 4 days and 12% after 7 days. These results indicate that non-frozen short term storage of human bone marrow may be of clinical utility in bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7348462 TI - Early changes in the radiosensitivity of Corynebacterium parvum-stimulated CFU-S. AB - Corynebacterium parvum injected intraperitoneally into C57BL mice induced a progression of hemopoietic CFU-S of C57BL mice from the resting state immediately after, and in the early period (approximately 8 h) after stimulation. Dose response survival curves of the stimulated endogenous spleen CFU-S after the C. parvum injection revealed changing slopes or D0 of dose-response survival curves indicative of changing sensitivity states. Shortly after stimulation, the cells were sensitive to high specific-activity tritiated thymidine (HSATT) or hydroxyurea (HU), indicating they were in the DNA-S phase. This commenced shortly after the C. parvum injection. Beginning at about 6 h, sensitivity to HSATT disappeared and there was an increase in radiosensitivity. Sensitivity to vinblastine (VLB) also became evident at 7 h. This was consistent with beginning mitosis and mitotic cell sensitivity to VLB. A dose-response survival curve for the G2 phase CFU-S was determined using both HSATT and VLB to eliminate the DNA-S phase and mitotic cells. The radiosensitivities of the resting G1, S, and G1-S phase cells were determined by D0 to be 80, 105 and 85 rad, respectively, measured in vivo. G2 sensitivity using a combined HSATT and VLB method showed a complex, bending dose-response curve with a terminal D0 of 58 rad. CFU-S progression was blocked by the anti-histamine H2 receptor agent, metiamide. PMID- 7348463 TI - Contraceptive use and fertility in the Republic of Panama. AB - Panama has a high prevalence of contraception, with surgical sterilization being the dominant method. Use of contraception is fairly high even in rural areas. Seventy-one percent of users named a public sector source for their contraception. High use of contraception is part of an overall program of public sector maternal and child health services that also shows substantial penetration of rural areas. The high reliance on public sector sources in panama distinguishes it from other Latin American populations with comparable levels of contraceptive use, such as Sao Paulo state, Brazil, and Costa Rica. These populations also differ in that oral contraceptives are the most prevalent method of contraception. The survey results indicate that the risk of unplanned pregnancy is greatest for unemployed married women who have children. It is particularly important to expand program coverage in rural areas, where two thirds of those at risk of unplanned pregnancies reside; risk of an unplanned pregnancy for rural women is more than twice that for urban women. While unmarried teenage women do not appear to constitute an important group by this definition, there are other compelling reasons, some supported by other results of the survey, for a special effort oriented toward teenagers. The experience of Panama may be unique in many ways. It shows that an integrated MCH-FP public sector program can meet a high demand for surgical contraception and achieve a fairly high level of contraceptive use. Finally, the results illustrate the value of periodic surveys to gauge the impact of public health programs by monitoring trends in contraceptive use, fertility, breastfeeding, and other aspects of reproductive health. PMID- 7348464 TI - Limitations of life table analysis: empirical evidence from Mexico. PMID- 7348465 TI - Using model projects to introduce change into family planning programs. PMID- 7348466 TI - Women-oriented health care: New Hampshire Feminist Health Center. AB - There are today some 200 women's health centers in the United States providing information and, in many cases, direct health and family planning services to women in a manner responsive to their needs and preferences, and that involves them in the design and provision of services. This approach to delivering services was specifically recommended by the International Conference of Family Planning in the 1980's held in Indonesia in April 1981. in addressing the challenges facing family planning programs in the decade ahead, the conference noted that in many parts of the world, women often have little control over decisions related to their own fertility. Furthermore, low levels of acceptance and use of family planning, which are characteristic of many programs, often reflect a failure to design and provide services in a manner that is responsive to the needs and perceptions of the users. The conference called for measures to improve the status of women, and recommended that women be involved in all aspects of program design, management, policymaking, and provision of services. In this special report, Judith Bruce describes how women-oriented services are designed and provided at one of the women's health centers, The New hampshire Feminist Health Center. PMID- 7348467 TI - Effects of the Philippine family planning outreach project on contraceptive prevalence: a multivariate analysis. PMID- 7348468 TI - Contraceptive availability differentials in use and fertility. PMID- 7348469 TI - Implications for women of changing marriage transactions in Bangladesh. AB - Recent changes in marriage transactions in Bangladesh have led increasingly to a shift in the burden of marriage expenses from the groom's family of the bride. This reversal in the direction of wealth exchanges, which may not be in the best interest of the bride, reflects social and economic changes that have increased the income potential of the groom, which now surpasses previously valued attributes of the bride. In this paper, anthropologist Shirley Lindenbaum examines the effects of these changes on women and their implications for female fertility and mortality. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the New York Academy of Science on 25 February 1980. PMID- 7348470 TI - Family size and sex preferences among women in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 7348471 TI - Sociocultural factors and fertility in a rural Nigerian community. PMID- 7348472 TI - Health care for women in Latin America and the Caribbean. AB - Among the most widely strategies in birth planning has been the designation of a "target population" of women of reproductive age. Maternal and child health programs are designed as if this were a uniform category of women, or a functional category for women themselves. In this paper, Mayra Buvinic, Ph. D. (International Center for Research on Women, Washington, D.C.) and Joanne Leslie, M.S. (School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University) disaggregate women into more meaningful subcategories that look beyond their reproductive role. What is important about this disaggregation is that it identifies the significant number of women whose health and family planning needs cannot be met by conventionally designed MCH or family planning services. Is it sufficient or wise, the authors ask, to design services in effect for only one group of women- the current childbearers--if these may represent a minority of women in a given period of time? When subpopulations for health and family planning services are defined along social, economic, and cultural lines, in addition to reproductive status, striking challenges to the prevailing design of services for women emerge. PMID- 7348473 TI - Breastfeeding: patterns, correlates, and fertility effects. PMID- 7348474 TI - Breastfeeding and family planning: meaningful integration of services. PMID- 7348475 TI - Including mothers in the design of infant feeding research. PMID- 7348476 TI - Issues in the design of breastfeeding research. PMID- 7348477 TI - Trends in fertility, family size preferences, and family planning practice: Taiwan, 1961-80. PMID- 7348478 TI - Cohort consistency in family size preferences: taiwan, 1965-73. PMID- 7348479 TI - Breastfeeding and abstinence among Hausa women. PMID- 7348480 TI - Breastfeeding and contraceptive patterns postpartum: a study in South Lebanon. PMID- 7348481 TI - Family planning in the 1980's: challenges and opportunities. Recommendations of the International Conference on Family Planning in the 1980's, Jakarta, Indonesia, 26-30 April 1981. PMID- 7348482 TI - Abortion: an epidemiologic study at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok. PMID- 7348483 TI - Prevalence and reporting of induced abortion in Turkey: two survey techniques. AB - This study was designed and conducted to test the relative reliability of reported induced abortion obtained through a conventional survey technique (direct questioning) as compared with an estimated proportion of women with induced abortion obtained through the randomized response technique. Two independent, nationally representative samples were used, one for each approach. A total of 1,521 women were interviewed in the direct question sample, providing a 70.1 percent response rate. In the randomized response sample, 1,674 women participated in the study, representing a 72.9 percent response rate; 1,044 or 62.4 percent of these women provided usable answers. There were substantial differentials in the successful use among the subcategories of independent variables. Of the 1,044 women in the RRT sample, 33.1 percent were estimated to have had at least one induced abortion during their reproductive lives--a much higher rate than the 13.9 percent obtained from the DQ sample. The factors found to be of relevance in relation to induced abortion including age, education, place of residence, development status of the province where the woman resided, number of pregnancies and living children, occupation, and family type. PMID- 7348484 TI - Family size and family planning in Kenya: continuity and change in metropolitan and rural attitudes. PMID- 7348485 TI - Modern and traditional fertility regulation in a Mexican community: the process of decision making. PMID- 7348486 TI - Fertility and family planning in the South Pacific. PMID- 7348487 TI - Comparison of vasectomy performed by medical students and surgeons in Thailand. PMID- 7348488 TI - Attitudes of rural Bangladesh physicians toward abortion. PMID- 7348489 TI - Polygyny and family planning in sub-Saharan Africa. PMID- 7348490 TI - [Preparation of primary health care programs: problems, results and lessons learned in Tunisia]. PMID- 7348491 TI - [Cholesterolemia in the Tunisian population]. PMID- 7348492 TI - [Treatment of prostato-rectal fistulas by a transanorectal posterior approach]. PMID- 7348493 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the heart in a 2-year-old girl]. PMID- 7348494 TI - [Arterial hypertension and a small unilateral kidney: apropos of a case]. PMID- 7348495 TI - [Exertion angina with normal coronarography]. PMID- 7348496 TI - [Biological criteria of reoperation in postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 7348497 TI - [Ocular manifestations of ankylosing pelvispondylitis: apropos of 129 cases]. PMID- 7348498 TI - [Congenital stenosis of the lumbo-iliac ureter or lower junction syndrome]. PMID- 7348499 TI - [Hydatid cysts of the liver opening into the bile ducts: apropos of 12 cases]. PMID- 7348500 TI - [A case of human Isospora belli coccidiosis]. PMID- 7348501 TI - [Severe sport-injuries in childhood]. PMID- 7348502 TI - [Robinson drainage as a new principle of wound drainage in accident surgery]. PMID- 7348503 TI - [The pathogenesis of spontaneous esophageal perforation]. PMID- 7348504 TI - [Fresh dislocation injuries of the Lisfranc joint]. PMID- 7348506 TI - The traditional birth attendant in seven countries. Case studies in utilization and training. PMID- 7348505 TI - [Possibilities of surgical treatment of cervical vertebral injuries with regard to temporary dorsal immobilization with palacos]. PMID- 7348507 TI - Sudan: replacing TBAs by village midwives. PMID- 7348508 TI - Thailand: utilization of TBAs in family planning and maternal and child care. PMID- 7348509 TI - Administrative arrangements for linking the TBA with the formal health system. PMID- 7348510 TI - Philippines: the development and use of the national registry of traditional birth attendants. PMID- 7348511 TI - Sierra Leone: practices of untrained TBAs and support for TBA training and utilization. PMID- 7348512 TI - Ecuador: TBA training programme, supervision, evaluation, and follow-up services. PMID- 7348514 TI - Educational handbook for health personnel. Revised edition. PMID- 7348513 TI - Sri Lanka: exploring the use of the TBA as a low-cost means for family health. PMID- 7348515 TI - Induction of triploids by hydrostatic pressure in the species Ascidiella aspersa (Ascidiacea). PMID- 7348516 TI - Sialic acid patterns in oogenesis and embryonic development in the freshwater sponge, Eunapius fragilis (Leidy). PMID- 7348517 TI - Fine structure of segregation during strobilation in the compound Ascidian Polycitor proliferus Oka. PMID- 7348518 TI - Effect of acute haemorrhage and autotransfusion on respiration in the pig. AB - The effect of haemorrhage and transfusion of blood on minute ventilation, VE, in eight anaesthetized pigs was studied by bleeding the animals from the jugular vein and retransfusion of the same quantity of blood. Bleeding the pig from the jugular vein at approximately 50 ml/min, during 2 min, decreased V/ by 8.4 +/- 5.6 per cent of the pre-bleeding control valve (p = 0.0004) and when the same quantity of blood was retransfused the VE increased by 11.8 +/- 12.4 per cent (p=0.03). The possible mechanisms are discussed. We conclude that: a) mechanoreceptors localized in pulmonary circulation play an important role in the VE response during the first seconds of venous haemorrhage and venous transfusion, b) autotransfusion from moving legs and its effect on pulmonary mechanoreceptors may explain in part hyperpnoea at the onset of muscular exercise. PMID- 7348519 TI - Circannual rhythms of physical fitness and tolerance of hypoxic hypoxia. AB - Presence of a circannual rhythm of physical fitness and tolerance of hypoxia was demonstrated. The rhythm of physical fitness had two peaks, in April and September. Using cosinor analysis the acrophase of the circannual rhythm was found to be on Aug. 10 with a 95% confidence limit (May 30-October 16), and the amplitude of the rhythm was 1.6 ml O2/kg/min with a 95% confidence limit (0.22 2.96 ml/kg/min). The circannual rhythm of hypoxia tolerance showed a similar pattern of changes. The maximum value of this rhythm was observed also in April and in autumn, its acrophase was calculated to occur on Aug. 26 with a 95% confidence limit (May 10-October 2), and its amplitude was 33.4 sec with a 95% confidence limit (10.4-56.4 sec.). An analysis of the results of physical fitness tests carried out in training camps confirmed these circannual fluctuations of physical fitness. PMID- 7348520 TI - The vasopressor and oxytocic activities of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis are influenced by inhibited alpha-adrenergic transmission during dehydration and subsequent rehydration in the white rat. AB - During equilibrated water metabolism a single dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE) increased vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis; it had no effect on oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. After two days of dehydration DHE somewhat restrained the decrease of oxytocin in the hypothalamus; the release of vasopressin from the neurohypophysis was then increased. Under severe dehydration, i.e. under conditions of potent osmoreceptor stimulation, DHE influenced the vasopressin content neither in the hypothalamus nor in the neurohypophysis, but in some way it intensified oxytocin depletion in the neurohypophysis. Following two days of rehydration DHE somewhat restrained the renewal of vasopressin in the hypothalamus. No changes of oxytocin in the hypothalamus could be demonstrated at that time; in the neurohypophysis DHE intensified vasopressin repletion, but inhibited oxytocin repletion. Following four and eight days of rehydration DHE had no influence on vasopressin repletion rate in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. At that time oxytocin repletion in the neurohypophysis was increased; in the hypothalamus it was not affected by DHE. It is concluded that the response of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system to alpha-adrenergic blockade-as brought about by dihydroergotamine treatment seems to be dependent on the actual state of water metabolism. Impulses from the osmoreceptors may be therefore of some important in modifying the change in vasopressin and oxytocin release resulting from inhibition of alpha-adrenergic transmission through neural chains including units susceptible to dihydroergotamine. PMID- 7348521 TI - Physiological aspects of the partial hepatectomy in rats. AB - The authors performed extensive partial hepatectomy in Wistar rats removing from 70% to 75% of hepatic parenchyma, and observed the subsequent healing of wounds during from 6 hours to 60 days paying particular attention to the preparation for the operation and surgical technique. Complications and methods of their prevention are described. During the experiment the pattern of the morphotic elements of the blood and the levels of GOT and GPT were checked. PMID- 7348522 TI - Ibuprofen-induced gastrointestinal changes. AB - Effect of Ibuprofen on food requirements and body weight was studied in experimental animals. A considerable fall of rat body weight was observed, proportional to the administered dose and duration of treatment. Ibuprofen had no influence no food requirement. It was also demonstrated that Ibuprofen caused disturbances in intestinal motor function which might lead to the development of malabsorption syndrome. PMID- 7348523 TI - Effect of pre- and posthepatic blood flow obstruction on the arterial and portal drainage of the liver in guinea pigs. AB - Experiments were performed on partly isolated livers of guinea pigs. The effects of partial obstruction of the portal inflow and hepatic outflow on the intrahepatic circulation were studied by 133Xe bolus technique after intraportal or intraarterial tracer injection. Partial obstruction of the vena cava results in a decrease of nutritive hepatic blood flow of 21%, whereas partial obstruction of portal inflow by a decrease of only 7%. The compensation for reduced portal inflow by increased arterial input is discussed. PMID- 7348524 TI - Metabolism and toxicity of tetravalent tin after intravenous administration to rats. PMID- 7348525 TI - Do changes in bone marrow pressure contribute to the egress of cell from bone marrow? AB - Pressure was measured in the femoral medullary cavity of rabbits whose femoral muscles were subjected to electrostimulation. After electrostimulation the pressure in the medullary cavity increased fivefold. In groups of experimental animals the number of reticulocytes leaving the bone marrow and the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood were determined and it was observed that electrostimulation was followed by a severalfold rise in the amount of reticulocytes in both the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. The authors found that a great role in the egress of reticulocytes from the bone marrow into the circulation is played by regulation of the pressure in medullary cavity effected by changes in blood flow through the bone marrow. PMID- 7348526 TI - Hypotensive effect of clonidine and regional noradrenaline concentration in the brain of normotensive and hypertensive rats after acute and long-term treatment. AB - The following experiments were performed: a) the effects of increasing doses (0.025-0.2 mg/kg p.o.) of clonidine on the blood pressure and heart rate in SHR and normotensive rats (acute treatment), b) the influence of an effective dose (0.05 mg/kg) of clonidine on the same parameters during 3-week administration, c) the effect of clonidine (0.05 mg/kg) on tissue noradrenaline (NA) concentration in the medulla, striatum and hypothalamus after acute and long-term treatment of SHR and normotensive rats. The experiments were carried out on unanaesthetized animals. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by on indirect method. Tissue NA was assayed fluorimetrically. Clonidine in a single dose caused a significant fall of blood pressure and heart rate. These effects were much more pronounced in SHR. The effective dose (0.05 mg/kg) in acute experiments was ineffective in long-term (3 weeks) treated rats. This dose of clonidine had no detectable effect on regional NA concentration in rat brain with the exception of the hypothalamus where the concentration of NA was markedly increased (SHR in acute experiments). PMID- 7348527 TI - Effect of acute cold exposure on the mobilization of intramuscular glycogen and triglycerides in the rat. AB - Male Wistar rats, 300-360 g of body weight, were exposed to cold (1 degree) for 3 and 24 h. The levels of glycogen and triglycerides (TG) were estimated in "white" and "red" portions of the quadriceps muscle (FG and POG muscles respectively) in the soleus muscle (SO muscle), and in the heart muscle. It was found that 3 h cold exposure decreased significantly the glycogen level only in the heart muscle and had no effect in the other muscles examined. Exposure to cold for 24 h reduced the glycogen level in FG and FOG muscles, and lowered further the heart glycogen level. No change of glycogen level during cold exposure was observed in SO muscle. The level of TG in each examined muscle was significantly reduced already after 3 h of cold exposure. After 24 h it remained further unchanged in FG and FOG muscles whereas in SO and heart muscles a partial recovery of TG occurred. It is concluded that in warm-acclimatized rats the intramuscular TG play an important role as a local source of free fatty acids during the first period of acute exposure to cold. PMID- 7348528 TI - The use of transistor for measurement of body temperature. AB - The use of transistor for measurement of body temperature. Acta physiol. pol., 1981, 32 (6); 761-764. A plastic chip silicon transistor was used for measurements of skin surface, auditory canal and rectal temperatures in human subjects. The application of a transistor as a temperature sensor was based on a linear relationship between base-emitter voltage and temperature changes. A slightly modified digital multimeter was used to supply the transistor and to obtain temperature readout. Construction of the sensors, electronic circuit and calibration procedure are presented in detail. PMID- 7348529 TI - [Effect of crystallization parameters on insulin quality]. PMID- 7348530 TI - [Stability of imidazoline derivatives. V. Determination of thimazoline hydrochloride and N-(2-thymoloxyacetyl)ethylenediamine in mixtures]. PMID- 7348531 TI - [Isoniazid metabolism in the small-intestinal wall of rats]. PMID- 7348532 TI - [Effect of selected piperazine derivatives on the metabolic clearance rate of idoxuridine-I-125 in mice with transplanted leukemia L1210]. PMID- 7348533 TI - [Biotransformation, distribution and excretion of glycilanesthesine in rats]. PMID- 7348534 TI - Membranous nephropathy: response to steroids and immunosuppression. AB - In a retrospective study, the clinical course of 23 adult patients with documented idiopathic membranous nephropathy was reviewed. These patients included 16 men and 7 women, who were followed for a period of as long as 9 years, 22 patients (95.7%) were nephrotic (proteinuria of 3 g or more in 24 h) and 6 (26%) were hypertensive. 5 patients were treated with prednisone alone, 12 with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, 2 with prednisone and azathioprine and 4 received no treatment. 18 patients achieved complete remission (78.3%). 16 of these (88.9%) were treated with prednisone, or prednisone and cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, and the remaining remitted spontaneously. In 3 additional patients, proteinuria improved with treatment with prednisone and immunosuppression but remained in the nephrotic range in 2, and fell to 1.8 g/day in 1. Patients who failed to respond to steroids showed remarkable improvement when therapy with cyclophosphamide was added. Of the 4 patients not treated, 2 underwent spontaneous remission and 2 developed renal insufficiency. These results suggest a beneficial effect of steroids in the treatment of membranous nephropathy, and suggests further that cyclophosphamide may be effective in patients not responding to steroids alone. Finally, these results suggest that in many patients therapy may have to be prolonged before a remission can be observed. PMID- 7348535 TI - Glomerular IgE deposits in patients with lupus nephritis. AB - The presence of glomerular IgE deposits (IgE+) and its prognostic significance were examined in 241 patients with various renal diseases. 24 patients (10%) had IgE+, and nephrotic syndrome was present in 22 (92%). 17 of the 24 patients with IgE+ had lupus nephritis. These patients were compared with another group of 32 patients with lupus nephritis, but without IgE deposits (IgE-). Light and electron microscopy showed more severe pathological changes in those with IgE+ than in patients who were IgE-. The number of patients who displayed deterioration in renal function was greater in the former group than in the latter (70 vs. 31%). Our results show that (1) nephrotic syndrome is very common among patients with IgE+; (2) the incidence of IgE deposits in lupus nephritis patients is high (35%) and the incidence of lupus nephritis among patients with IgE deposits is 71%, and (3) the presence of IgE deposits in patients with lupus nephritis may carry a bad prognosis. It is suggested that immunofluorescent studies of renal biopsies should include the evaluation of IgE deposition. PMID- 7348536 TI - Antibody to Tamm-Horsfall protein after acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7348537 TI - Glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7348538 TI - [The cost of health]. PMID- 7348539 TI - An epidemiological analysis based on a biomedical databank about new borns in Belgium. PMID- 7348540 TI - [Evaluation of 5-day plans in Belgium]. PMID- 7348541 TI - [A year's activity of the medical board: annual report and considerations]. PMID- 7348542 TI - Role of thallium 201 scanning in the management of myocardial sarcoidosis. PMID- 7348543 TI - [The aquisition of ability relevant information in dependence on the concept of personal ability: a field study]. PMID- 7348544 TI - [Parental child rearing style and the development of anxiety and competence in the child: an empirical test of the 2 component model of parental reinforcement]. PMID- 7348545 TI - [Transformation component analysis: formalization of information processing quality in sequential predictive problems]. PMID- 7348546 TI - [Spearman's Rho: a "false" rank correlation?]. PMID- 7348547 TI - [The effect of suprasegmental information on the speech perception of 4 to 6-year old children]. PMID- 7348548 TI - Some clinical aspects of criminology: a study of criminal psychiatric patients at the Lantoro Long-Stay Psychiatric Institution, Abeokuta, Nigeria. PMID- 7348549 TI - Birthing centers and hospices: reclaiming birth and death. PMID- 7348550 TI - Recent trends in infant feeding. PMID- 7348551 TI - Maternal behavior and perinatal risks: alcohol, smoking, and drugs. PMID- 7348552 TI - Issues in antenatal and neonatal screening and surveillance for hereditary and congenital disorders. PMID- 7348553 TI - Primary prevention of ischemic heart disease: evaluation of community interventions. PMID- 7348554 TI - The health effects of low level exposure to lead. PMID- 7348555 TI - Health indicators and information systems for the year 2000. PMID- 7348556 TI - Risk assessment and health hazard appraisal. PMID- 7348557 TI - Immunizing agents: potential for controlling or eradicating infectious diseases. PMID- 7348558 TI - Air pollution and respiratory disease. PMID- 7348559 TI - The decline in cardiovascular disease mortality. PMID- 7348561 TI - Laymen and medical technology. PMID- 7348560 TI - Prevention of dental disease: caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 7348562 TI - The surgeon's role in primary breast cancer. AB - During the 1960s, it was suggested that, at least in clinical stage I disease, simple mastectomy or even wide excision, plus radiotherapy to the breast and gland fields resulted in the same distant recurrence rate and survival as the orthodox radical operation. It was thought that local control of the disease was not important in terms of ultimate prognosis and it was felt that minimal surgery incurred no penalty. It was forecast that breast cancer would soon be treated by radiotherapy alone, possibly even without removal of the tumour. Four developments have materially affected the situation. 1. It has been shown that assays of hormone receptors should be carried out on all primary tumours. 2. In clinical stage II disease, it has been demonstrated that restricted surgery results in a penalty in terms of distant recurrence and survival. 3. It is now realised that the number of involved axillary lymph nodes must be known to evaluate future prognosis. 4. Adjuvant chemo or endocrine therapy have proved to be effective in treating patients with heavy axillary node involvement. These developments mean that the effective treatment of early breast cancer must entail removal of the tumour, achieve local control of disease and include axillary node dissection. Currently, only the modified radical mastectomy effectively equates with these three aims. Nevertheless, it is possible that tumour excision, irradiation to the tumour bed and breast, and axillary node dissection would achieve the same object whilst conserving the breast. PMID- 7348563 TI - Estrogen receptor measurement in low-protein breast cancer cytosols. A modified charcoal technique. AB - The assay of estrogen receptor (ER) in human breast cancer biopsies is usually excellent using the dextrancoated charcoal method. If the cytosol protein concentration is below 1 mg/ml, however, underestimation of ER content occurs presumably due to adsorption of ER to the charcoal. This problem can be minimized if 1 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is added to the charcoal solution prior to use. PMID- 7348564 TI - Correlation of primary breast cancer histopathology and estrogen receptor content. AB - We studied the association of estrogen receptor (ER) with several histologic variables that correlate with breast tumor differentiation and with patient prognosis. Contingency table analysis revealed highly statistically significant correlations between ER content and histologic and nuclear grades, tumor necrosis, and the degree of elastosis and lymphoid cell infiltration. ER positive tumors were more likely than ER negative tumors to demonstrate histological evidence of tumor differentiation. All tumors with histologic grade 1 or nuclear grade 1 (best differentiated) were ER positive or borderline positive. Eighty nine percent of ER negative tumors were histologic grade 3 and 78.4% were nuclear grade 3 (poor differentiation). ER positive tumors were also correlated with absent tumor necrosis, higher elastic content, and absent lymphoid cell infiltration, all features of good differentiation. Medullary carcinomas were frequently (73%) ER negative, but no relationship between ER and other morphologic types of breast cancer or 9 other morphologic variables was found. ER appears to be a biochemical marker for the degree of differentiation of human breast cancer providing a rationale for the observed differences in biological behavior between receptor positive and negative tumors. PMID- 7348565 TI - The surgeon's role in breast cancer: changing concepts. PMID- 7348566 TI - Adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for androgen-dependent mammary tumor in mice. AB - About 500 male DS mice grafted with androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) were used. When the tumor diameter reached about 20 mm (approximately 25 days after transplantation), excision of the tumor and/or castration were carried out. The injection of cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg body weight X 3 at 7-day intervals) was started from the day after excision. In mice with excised tumor, adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy was the most effective treatment examined; cumulative 120-day mortalities after transplantation of tumors in non-treated, adjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy groups were 91%, 29%, 21% and 0%, respectively. Castration induced development of clusters of androgen-independent cancer cells in androgen dependent SC115 tumor. In mice without tumor excision, the chemo-endocrine therapy was again the most effective treatment, though 86% of mice died by the 120th day after tumor transplantation. These findings suggest the usefulness of adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for achieving complete remission in hormone dependent tumors. PMID- 7348567 TI - A prospective evaluation of chemohormonal therapy remission maintenance in advanced breast cancer. AB - From October 1973 to October 1977 the ECOG prospectively evaluated cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) versus CMF plus fluoxymesterone (CMFH) maintenance therapies in responders to 6 months of induction therapy which consisted of either CMF, CMF plus prednisone (CMFP), or adriamycin plus vincristine (AV). Following the maintenance randomization 12% of the patients converted from a PR to a CR status. The median time from randomization to treatment failure was 9.5 months for CMFH and 6.7 months for CMF (p = 0.03). This difference was observed only for partial responders (p = 0.01) and not for complete responders. Patients receiving CMFH tended to maintain higher hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels, and receive a higher dosage of each of the cytotoxic drugs. The results are taken as evidence that the addition of fluoxymesterone to a maintenance CMF regimen provides a therapeutic advantage. It is hypothesized that this effect is due at least in part to fluoxymesterone associated maintenance of improved marrow function resulting in greater myelosuppressive drug delivery. PMID- 7348568 TI - Combined chemo-hormonal therapy in breast cancer: a hypothesis. AB - Results of treatment for advanced breast cancer have plateaued indicating the need for new treatment approaches. One such approach, combined endocrine therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, has had limited success in current clinical trials. This lack of synergism could be due to the effect of endocrine therapy on tumor cell kinetics, which could inhibit the activity of the cytotoxic drug. Proper sequencing of the two treatment modalities may increase the therapeutic ratio. PMID- 7348569 TI - Adjuvant therapy for stage II, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. AB - The estrogen receptor (ER) assay provides information which correlates with the proliferative potential, pathology and prognosis for patients with breast cancer. A review of our natural history data correlating ER and axillary node involvement at the time of mastectomy with prognosis allows the identification of a high risk subset of patients with early recurrence and poor survival. Patients with ER negative, stage II disease had a significantly higher recurrence rate, and poorer overall survival was observed in spite of systemic therapy instituted at relapse. Based on this data we initiated a pilot study of intensive adjuvant therapy for women with ER negative, stage II breast cancer. At a median follow-up of 19 months for 39 treated patients, both a disease free and overall survival advantage is apparent for treated patients. Morbidity was low, with no therapy related hospitalizations. We have demonstrated the feasibility of intensive therapy for this high risk group. For a definitive answer the patient resources of a cooperative group will be needed. PMID- 7348570 TI - Hormone receptors and obesity in Japanese women with breast cancer. AB - An association between hormone receptors in primary breast cancer and obesity determined prior to mastectomy was investigated in 128 Japanese women. The following criteria for obesity were used: (1) weight greater than or equal to 60 kg (132 lbs), (2) weight kg/height cm-105 greater than or equal to 1.3, (3) weight lbs/height in greater than or equal to 2.30, (4) body surface area greater than or equal to 1.56 m2. In view of the 4 criteria, tumor estrogen receptor (ER) values greater than or equal to 4 fmol/mg were observed in obese patients more often than in nonobese patients, though the difference was not statistically significant. The same tendency was observed in the postmenopausal subgroup, 62 patients, especially in the 36 patients more than 5 years beyond menopause. However, there was still no statistical difference between obese and nonobese patients because the number of subjects was small. The same tendency was observed in the case of progesterone receptor (PgR) (greater than or equal to 6 fmol/mg) as observed in the case of ER. PMID- 7348571 TI - Potential and problems with growth of breast cancer in a human tumor cloning system. AB - A human tumor cloning system has been utilized to culture 431 patients' breast cancer specimens. Overall, 288 or 67% of the specimens formed colonies in soft agar. Of the primary lesions 188/260 (72%) formed colonies and 100/171 (58%) of the metastatic lesions formed colonies. The median number of colonies per 500,000 nucleated cells plated was 47 for the primary lesions and 30 for the metastatic lesions. Growth from a variety of metastatic sites ranged from 22% for intradermal lesions to 77% for solid visceral metastases. Methods to increase the number of colonies from a specimen are reported including increasing the number of nucleated cells plated and making a variety of changes in the growth media. None of these methods has had a major impact on colony growth. The antitumor activity of standard anticancer agents such as adriamycin and medroxyprogesterone in the assay is presented. In addition, in vitro results with two new anthracene derivatives demonstrate good antitumor activity for the derivatives. The cloning assay represents a new model for both the basic and clinical studies of human breast cancer. PMID- 7348572 TI - Medical adrenalectomy in patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to anti oestrogen treatment. AB - Fifty-three women with actively progressing advanced breast cancer, who had all previously received tamoxifen, were treated with aminoglutethimide to induce medical adrenalectomy. Sixty-nine percent of the patients who had previously responded to tamoxifen subsequently responded to aminoglutethimide, while thirty five percent of the nonresponders to tamoxifen subsequently responded to aminoglutethimide. The median duration of remission to aminoglutethimide was 12 months with a range from 4 to 22 + months. The drug was well tolerated and would appear to be the treatment of choice in tamoxifen responsive cases of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7348573 TI - Estradiol stimulates synthesis of a major intracellular protein in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). PMID- 7348574 TI - Oestrogen receptor concentration in primary breast cancer and axillary node metastases. AB - The primary tumour and 1-3 invaded, axillary nodes from each of 24 patients were examined both histologically for the proportion of the specimen constituted by malignant epithelial cells ('cellularity index') and biochemically for oestrogen receptor concentration. Both malignant epithelial cell content and oestrogen receptor concentration were significantly higher in the nodal metastases than in the primary tumours, malignant cells constituting approximately half of the former tissue and three quarters of the latter. On average, receptor concentrations were 1.6 x (protein basis) to 2.3 x (wet weight basis) higher in nodes than in the primary tumours, probably due at least in part to the difference in cellularity. When, to eliminate the effect of the latter, receptor concentration in each tumour deposit was 'corrected' using the appropriate 'cellularity index', the difference in receptor concentration between primary and node was significantly diminished, but not quite eliminated. In one patient, progestogen receptor concentrations were also studied and found to be higher in the nodes than in the primary tumour. If the actual quantity of receptor is to be used for predictive/prognostic purposes, then either a different 'cut-off point' should be used for invaded nodes from that used for assessment on the primary tumour, or receptor concentrations should be corrected for differences in cellularity. PMID- 7348575 TI - Relationship among estrogen receptors, proliferative activity and menopausal status in breast cancer. AB - Kinetic and estrogen receptor (ER) determinations were performed on 357 primary breast cancers. The proliferative activity of the cell population was determined by the autoradiographic technique and expressed as [3H]thymidine labeling index (LI): the ER status was assessed by the absorption charcoal technique. From the overall analysis of the relationship between proliferative activity and ER status, by using the median LI value as cutoff of low and high proliferating tumors, a correlation between ER + status and low proliferative activity and between ER- status and high proliferative activity was observed in 64% of the cases. Menopausal status proved to be an important determinant of kinetic and ER features. In fact, the proliferative activity was always higher in ER--tumors than in ER + tumors within the same menopausal group, and a decrease in proliferative activity was observed from premenopause to postmenopause within ER + and ER--tumors. The analysis of the relation between ER levels and proliferative activity in ER + tumors also evidenced three main ER/LI clusters significantly related to premenopause, paramenopause and postmenopause. A particular indication of nodal involvement was evidenced for a cluster of tumors with low ER levels and high LI from postmenopausal patients. The three different, previously proposed kinetic groups of potential relevance for prognostic and therapeutic purposes were confirmed and more precisely defined by considering not only premenopause and postmenopause but also paramenopause. PMID- 7348576 TI - Tumour steroid hormone synthesis and estrogen receptor status in breast cancer patients. PMID- 7348577 TI - Repeat screening by single oblique view mammography. PMID- 7348578 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin levels in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 7348579 TI - Mechanisms by which eucaryotic genes evolve. AB - This paper reviews our current efforts to understand the evolutionary origin of the ovomucoid gene. Sequence analyses have suggested that introns were present in the primordial ovomucoid gene before birds and mammals diverged, about three hundred million years ago. Our work suggests that the present ovomucoid gene has evolved from a primordial ovomucoid gene by two separate intragenic duplications followed by the addition of a final segment which codes for a secretory signal sequence. The three domains of the secreted peptide and also the signal sequence, are constructed by an apparent assembly of exons which code for individual peptide segments. The exact position of introns within the ovomucoid gene has been defined and the results support the theory that introns separate gene segments that code for functional domains of proteins and provide insight into the manner by which eucaryotic genes were constructed during the process of evolution. PMID- 7348580 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on survival in metastatic breast cancer. AB - In order to assess the impact of modern combination chemotherapy on overall survival of metastatic breast cancer patients, we retrospectively analysed survival data of those patients who presented with breast cancer and developed metastases at our clinic from 1971-78 inclusive. Our results indicate a trend towards improved survival from onset of first distant metastasis after 1975. Assessment of survival by treatment modality revealed significantly longer survival from first metastasis for those patients receiving predominantly endocrine treatment compared to chemotherapy, median survival being 32.5 versus 23 months for endocrine therapy and chemotherapy respectively. Patients receiving adriamycin in combination with other drugs, had longer survival from first metastasis than those patients receiving chemotherapy without adriamycin (median survival being 25 versus 18.5 months respectively). These differences are most probably due to patient selection. On the basis of these results it would appear that chemotherapy may be improving short-term survival in some patients, but is making no major impact on long-term survival. PMID- 7348581 TI - Lack of efficacy of xeromammography in preoperatively detecting lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. PMID- 7348583 TI - Disease of young helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagis galeata, pallas) under intensive management in Nigeria. PMID- 7348582 TI - Growth regulation of two rat adenocarcinoma cell lines by dexamethasone and progesterone. AB - We have studied the effect of steroids on cell proliferation in two continuous cell lines derived from rat mammary tumors induced by 7, 12-dimethyl-benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) and N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU). These cell lines contain high concentrations of glucocorticoid and androgen receptors but no estrogen and progesterone receptors as previously shown (1). The cell proliferation was evaluated by measuring [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, cell number, and DNA content. Dexamethasone was found to markedly stimulate cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it was acting via the glucocorticoid receptor. The effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was weaker since a stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation was contrasted by the absence of a constant increase of cell proliferation. Progesterone partially stimulated NMU cell growth and totally inhibited the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone in both cell lines. The synthetic progestin R5020 displayed a similar activity to that of progesterone. These results show that progestins can directly modulate the growth of mammary cancer cells even in the absence of progesterone receptor by interacting on the glucocorticoid receptor. We conclude that progestins act mostly as partial agonist-antagonists of glucocorticoids in these two rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines. PMID- 7348584 TI - Efficacy of sodium chloride in prevention of sheep urolithiasis. PMID- 7348585 TI - Haematology of West African Dwarf rams and their crosses with Permer. PMID- 7348586 TI - Diagnosis of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Lagos area using the Kato Katz technique. PMID- 7348587 TI - The role played by Hyalomma dromedarii in the transmission of African horse sickness virus in Egypt. PMID- 7348588 TI - Poisonous weeds in pastures: experimental studies in animals with Tephrosia purpurea (L) Pers. PMID- 7348589 TI - Toxic effects of the leaves of Erythrophleum africanum Harms in sheep. PMID- 7348590 TI - An epizootic of anthrax in goats and sheep in Danbatta Nigeria. PMID- 7348591 TI - Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococci isolated from goats. PMID- 7348592 TI - Studies on the utilization of brewers dried grains by sheep and goats: I. Growth studies. PMID- 7348593 TI - A comparison of the development of body components in Kenana and Kenana x Friesian bulls. PMID- 7348594 TI - Haematological studies of various indigenous and exotic breeds of goats and their F1 crosses in Nigeria. PMID- 7348595 TI - The prevalence of bovine fascioliasis in Nigeria. A 5-year analysis of abattoir records. PMID- 7348596 TI - Studies on the meat production potential of the indigenous fowl of Nigeria: II. The effect of age on meat yield and quality. PMID- 7348597 TI - Observations on African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) experimentally infected with salivarian trypanosomes. PMID- 7348598 TI - Tubulin content and synthesis in differentiating Drosophila cells in culture. AB - Drosophila Kc cells exposed to physiological doses of the moulting hormone, beta ecdysone, elongate, become motile, and subsequently aggregate. This pattern of morphogenesis was found to require the assembly of a microtubular cytoskeleton. Tubulin content was significantly increased in hormone-treated cells when compared to controls, as measured by a 3H-colchicine-binding assay. However, determinations of rates of tubulin synthesis and breakdown revealed no difference between control and hormone-treated cells for either parameter. When tubulin content was assayed by methods that do not depend on colchicine-binding activity, no difference between hormone-treated and control cells was observed. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which beta-ecdysone affects the distribution of tubulin in "assembly-active" and "assembly-inactive" pools. PMID- 7348599 TI - An analysis of spindle ultrastructure during anaphase of micronuclear division in Tetrahymena. AB - Mitotic micronuclei were isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila and data on spindle ultrastructure were obtained from serial, transverse sections. Comparison of data from nuclei at meta- and early anaphase with data from nuclei at late anaphase showed that during anaphase, sister kinetochores move from the equator to the spindle poles, but kinetochore translocation occurs without any apparent change in either the number or length of kinetochore microtubules. This unprecedented result is ascribed significance with regard to the mechanism of kinetochore transport since there are only a limited number of ways that result could be achieved. The organization of the peripheral sheath changes during anaphase as evidenced by gaps in the sheath at late anaphase. Numerous kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules are located in polar regions of the spindle at late anaphase, whereas those regions contained only peripherally arranged microtubules at earlier stages. Tracking of individual kinetochore microtubules in late anaphase nuclei showed that some of them appeared to become incorporated into the peripheral sheath near the pole. At early and late anaphase, crossbridges connect adjacent microtubules throughout the spindle poleward to the kinetochores, as well as in the interzone. PMID- 7348600 TI - Identification of genetic elements associated with muscle structure in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium associated proteins in muscle. PMID- 7348601 TI - Motion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: theory of receptor redistribution and the frictional force on a moving cell. AB - As a cell moves over a surface, the distribution of membrane proteins that adhere to the surface will be changed relative to the distribution of these molecules on a static cell. Observations of this redistribution offer, in principle, evidence as to the mechanisms of membrane dynamics during cell locomotion. Toward extracting such information we present and analyze a mathematical model of receptor transport in the membrane by diffusion and convection, as affected by the making and breaking of the bonds between the receptors and the surface as the cell moves. We show that the disruption of receptor-surface bonds at the tail of the cell provides a mechanism by which the frictional force opposing a cell's motion is exerted, and calculate the magnitude of this force as a function of cell velocity. Assuming this to be the major contribution to the frictional force, we show that when the shear force on a cell is above a critical value it is no longer possible for the cell to slide across the surface. For such large forces, it is still possible for the cell to roll; alternatively the cell can be torn free of the surface. Our analysis of existing data on movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes indicates that cell motion is not accompanied by a bulk flow of membrane from the front to the back of the cell. The data also indicate that cells do not tend to roll as they move over a surface under normal conditions. The data are most consistent with a model where the membrane as a whole is stationary but where receptors that bind to the surface become coupled to submembrane contractile proteins. PMID- 7348602 TI - Does the geometric design of centrioles imply their function? AB - The paper suggests several principles of construction of a microscopically small device for locating the directions of signal sources in microscopic dimensions. It appears that the simplest and smallest device that is compatible with the scrambling influence of thermal fluctuations as are demonstrated by Brownian motion is a pair of cylinders oriented at right angles to each other. Nine equally spaced blades run in a pitched fashion along the mantle of each cylinder. The blades have a concave cross-section and bend around the circumference of the cylinder in a certain rotational pattern. Considering the striking similarity of this hypothetical device with centrioles, the paper puts forward the conjecture that centrioles locate the direction of hypothetical signals inside cells. PMID- 7348603 TI - Microtubule sliding in cilia of the rabbit trachea and oviduct. AB - Evidence for active sliding of microtubules during ciliary activity has been demonstrated in a number of organisms: sea urchin sperm flagella, protozoan cilia, and mollusc gill cilia. Although there is evidence that active sliding also occurs in mammalian sperm flagella, there is little or no information on whether active sliding of microtubules also occurs in the short (5-micron) cilia of the mammalian trachea or oviduct. Since these cilia are important in tracheobronchial clearance and ovum transport, respectively, it has been important to demonstrate that microtubule sliding is also involved in the activity of somatic cilia. Ciliated apical portions (cortices) and cilia were isolated from rabbit trachea and oviduct, using Triton X-100 to demembranate the cilia. Most of the ciliated cortices reactivated upon addition of ATP, whereas isolated cilia reactivated to a lesser extent. When preparations of cilia were digested with trypsin before or after ATP addition, disintegration of axonemal doublets occurred with about the same frequency as reactivation. These events were recorded using Nomarski optics and dark-field microscopy. When isolated cilia which had been digested by trypsin and exposed to ATP were also prepared for electron microscopy by negative staining, telescoping of doublet microtubules from axonemes could be shown. These results demonstrate that mammalian somatic ciliary doublet microtubules actively slide in a manner similar to that described for invertebrate cilia. PMID- 7348604 TI - Video-enhanced contrast polarization (AVEC-POL) microscopy: a new method applied to the detection of birefringence in the motile reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris. AB - A new method is described for recording rapid processes of cell motility in polarized light. The Allen video-enhanced contrast (AVEC-POL) method of polarization microscopy achieves significant improvements in resolution, contrast, and the visibility of fine detail by a combination of novel adjustments to a standard (unrectified) polarizing microscope and video camera. Using the full working aperture of a high-power planapochromatic objective lens and compensator setting of lambda/9-lambda/4, visible images appear lacking in contrast. However, the same images viewed with an appropriate video camera equipped with an electronic offset adjustment can be made to appear with as much contrast as desired, revealing a significantly greater amount of fine detail in the image than can be seen by high extinction visual microscopy alone. At bias retardations between one-ninth and one-quarter wave, the diffraction anomaly observed near extinction disappears. Consequently, polarizing rectifiers are not required with the AVEC-POL method, and images previously requiring photographic exposures of around 20 seconds are sufficiently bright to be registered on the video monitor in 1/60 second. Using an intensity monitor, quantitative measurements of cellular birefringence can be retrieved from live or videotaped images displaying a linear relationship between contrast and phase retardation due to birefringence. The AVEC-POL method also renders accessible to polarized light analysis a number of objects that scatter or depolarize too much light to be studied by high extinction methods. The method is demonstrated on model objects and applied to the highly motile reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris. Rapid motion in close association with microtubules can now be analyzed in greater detail at a significant reduction in the cost of recording. PMID- 7348605 TI - Video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy: a new method capable of analyzing microtubule-related motility in the reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris. AB - A new method called Allen Video-enhanced Contrast, Differential Interference Contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy is shown to be sufficiently sensitive to detect several new features of microtubule-related motility in the reticulopodial network of the foraminifer, Allogromia. The method takes advantage of the variable gain and offset features of a binary video camera to operate the DIC microscope under conditions highly favorable for video imaging, but in which the optical image is virtually invisible to the eye yet retains its full information when viewed by a suitable video camera. The improvements are made possible by setting a de Senarmont compensator to lambda/9-lambda/4 at maximal working aperture of internally corrected planapochromatic objectives. Under these conditions, the offset feature of the video camera can reject so much stray light from the instrument and specimen that contrast compares favorably with that observed in high-extinction images, and polarizing rectifiers offer scarcely any advantage. Freed from the constraints of the light-limited conditions of DIC microscopy, video images can be recorded 60 times per second, or over 1,000 times the rate of photomicrographs at comparable magnifications under high-extinction conditions. Application of this method to the reticulopodial network of Allogromia has shown that cytoplasmic organelles are translocated only in contact with single microtubules or bundles of microtubules, and that these organelles fail to move when separated from microtubules. Microtubules themselves undergo both axial translatory ("sliding") and lateral "zipping and unzipping" movements that have been suggested to occur during mitosis and other biological processes. PMID- 7348606 TI - Nucleated assembly of mitotic microtubules in living PTK2 cells after release from nocodazole treatment. AB - The reassembly of microtubules is described in mitotic cells after release from nocodazole-induced block. The formation of microtubules was followed by light microscopic immunocytochemical staining using the PAP method, combined with toluidine blue staining of the chromatin. The light microscopic observations on whole cells were compared with ultrastructural observations on thin sections. This step is essential to ascertain complete destruction of microtubules during the nocodazole treatment and to correlate immunocytochemical staining with the presence of microtubules. Removal of nocodazole (10 or 1 micrograms/ml) after a sufficiently long incubation to induce a complete disappearance of microtubules resulted in the appearance of tubulin staining specifically associated with the centromeres and with one or two isolated points in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that the staining was due to the massive accumulation of small microtubules at the kinetochores and centrosomes. Kinetochore nucleation was seen only in association with condensed metaphase-stage chromosomes and not with the less-condensed prophase chromosomes. In a second type of experiment cells were allowed to enter mitosis in the presence of an incompletely active concentration of nocodazole (0.1 microgram/ml). The construction of the mitotic spindle was arrested; however, short microtubules were assembled at the kinetochores and centrosomes. These experiments demonstrate that in living mitotic PTK2 cells the kinetochores, as well as the centrosomes, exert a nucleating action on tubulin assembly. The further elongation of microtubules after removal of nocodazole was seen to occur preferentially along axes between the centrosomes and the kinetochores. This resulted in the construction of normal metaphases that evolved through anaphase and telophase. We have attempted to formulate a hypothesis that may explain the oriented assembly that seems to be essential in the construction of the spindle. PMID- 7348607 TI - Oesophageal carcinoma. PMID- 7348608 TI - Acquired haemolytic anaemia in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7348609 TI - The spectrum of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7348610 TI - The prevalence and severity of soil transmitted helminths in an urban slum community in Colombo. PMID- 7348611 TI - Periampullary carcinoma (pancreatic). PMID- 7348612 TI - Obsessional compulsive neurosis--a method of treatment. PMID- 7348613 TI - Patient sensitivity to suxamethonium due to abnormal enzyme--a case report. PMID- 7348614 TI - Engelmann--Camurati disease. PMID- 7348615 TI - Medullary sponge kidney and congenital hemihypertrophy of the body. PMID- 7348616 TI - Application of low-cost extrusion cooking to weaning foods in feeding programmes. part 2. AB - A low-cost technology for making blended foods and oilseed flours has been developed within a programme operated by Colorado State University, USA. The technology is based on a low-cost extruder cooker (LEC). The primary products are 1) vitamin- and mineral-fortified cereal/legume blends for use in supplementary feeding programmes, and 2) protein supplements for fortifying cereal and/or root crop foods. Plants have been installed in four developing countries, and research and development activities are being carried out in a number of others. The programme involves agricultural and industrial development as well as nutritional improvement. The major product currently made is CSB, and in some cases CSM made by blending dried milk with CSB. These products have been demonstrated to be safe, nutritious and acceptable by the target population, although more work is needed on expanding the ways in which the blended foods might be used in traditional recipes, as well as in gruels and porridges. PMID- 7348617 TI - Computerizing nutrition surveys in the field. PMID- 7348618 TI - Gerontology and geriatric education and the academic health science center. PMID- 7348619 TI - The Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center and gerontology and geriatrics education. PMID- 7348620 TI - Position paper. Social work. PMID- 7348621 TI - Position paper. Dentistry. PMID- 7348622 TI - Position paper. Nursing. PMID- 7348623 TI - Position paper. Psychiatry. PMID- 7348624 TI - Position paper. Internal medicine. PMID- 7348625 TI - Position paper. Psychology. PMID- 7348626 TI - Geriatric education and the law. PMID- 7348627 TI - Position paper. Ophthalmology. PMID- 7348628 TI - Position paper. Physical therapy. PMID- 7348629 TI - Position paper. Biochemistry. PMID- 7348630 TI - Position paper. Pharmacology. PMID- 7348631 TI - Position paper. Podiatric medicine. PMID- 7348632 TI - The need to teach gerontology. PMID- 7348633 TI - Position paper. Family practice. PMID- 7348634 TI - Surgery in the care of the elderly. PMID- 7348636 TI - The role of education in occupational therapy for the aged. PMID- 7348635 TI - The specialty of anesthesiology. PMID- 7348637 TI - Geriatrics and pharmacy. PMID- 7348638 TI - Pastoral care: a Christian perspective. PMID- 7348639 TI - Position paper. Sociology. PMID- 7348640 TI - Communication disorders and the elderly. PMID- 7348641 TI - Physiology of aging in higher education. PMID- 7348642 TI - Contribution of community medicine to geriatrics. PMID- 7348643 TI - The role of cell biology in aging research and education. PMID- 7348644 TI - Role of a biological sciences department in gerontology and geriatrics education. PMID- 7348645 TI - The role of social science departments in teaching gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 7348646 TI - Ageism: a major deterrent to the introduction of curricula in aging. PMID- 7348647 TI - Social work educational consultation in church-related nursing homes. PMID- 7348648 TI - Educational programs in gerontology and geriatrics. Clinical fellowship program in geriatric psychiatry and psychology. PMID- 7348649 TI - One model for graduate training in geropsychology. PMID- 7348650 TI - The graduate program of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California. PMID- 7348651 TI - The development of graduate and professional educational programs in aging at the State University of New York at Buffalo. PMID- 7348652 TI - A gerontology-based approach to education for long-term care administration. PMID- 7348654 TI - Education in aging: who is the recipient? PMID- 7348653 TI - Medical student programs in aging: the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. PMID- 7348655 TI - Prospects for mental health and aging: at a crisis and crossroad. PMID- 7348656 TI - Needs of the aging: implications for training from the point of view of the aged. PMID- 7348657 TI - Needs of health care providers: implications for training. PMID- 7348658 TI - Curriculum design issues through the eyes of the trainer. PMID- 7348659 TI - Establishment and perpetuation of educational programs in aging: the educator's perspective. PMID- 7348660 TI - Implications of the Mental Health Systems Act for clinical training in mental health and aging. PMID- 7348661 TI - Future concerns: implications of recent research findings for clinical training in mental health and aging. PMID- 7348662 TI - State Mental Health Manpower Development: implications for clinical training in mental health of aging. PMID- 7348663 TI - To certify or not to certify: that is the question. PMID- 7348664 TI - What every medical student should know about social gerontology. PMID- 7348665 TI - The psychology of aging: an alternative course design. PMID- 7348666 TI - Emphasizing affective outcomes in an introductory gerontology course. PMID- 7348667 TI - Palmore's facts on aging quiz: does it measure learning? PMID- 7348668 TI - The state of geriatrics. PMID- 7348669 TI - Curriculum development for geriatric-gerontology training: a problem-solving approach. PMID- 7348670 TI - Staff nutrition education with dietary intake of nursing home residents. PMID- 7348671 TI - A model for undergraduate career counseling in gerontology. PMID- 7348672 TI - Education in geriatric medicine for the general internist. PMID- 7348673 TI - Enriching the teaching of social gerontology through use of a social climate scale. PMID- 7348674 TI - Geropsychiatry training for senior center staff: curriculum and process. PMID- 7348675 TI - New views on retirement. An examination of teaching about retirement: toward a dual economic approach. PMID- 7348676 TI - Education in social services. Gerontology in social work education: the need for a new design for standards. PMID- 7348677 TI - Disciplinary perspectives in gerontological education. The status of gerontology in home economics in higher education. PMID- 7348678 TI - Curriculum models and content implications. Teaching life review to the introductory student. PMID- 7348679 TI - The role of the practicum in education. Practicum experiences for gerontology curriculums in higher education. PMID- 7348680 TI - Experiential learning: the Close Encounters of the Institutional Kind experience. PMID- 7348681 TI - Training for community practitioners. Career development in mental health care for the aged: an integrated training model for the professional and nonprofessional. PMID- 7348682 TI - Methods and models for communicating gerontological knowledge. Interdisciplinary confrontation method--is this an effective educational approach for today? PMID- 7348683 TI - Curriculum for nursing home administration: a simulation methodology. PMID- 7348684 TI - Assessing gerontological knowledge and attitudes. Career development strategies in gerontology. PMID- 7348685 TI - Continuing education for health care providers. Continuing medical education in geriatrics. PMID- 7348686 TI - A presidential perspective. The Association for Gerontology in Higher Education: a presidential perspective at its annual meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 6, 1981. PMID- 7348687 TI - Multidisciplinary education for health care providers. Multidisciplinary professional education in gerontology. PMID- 7348688 TI - Introducing gerontology into health professions training: three educational designs. PMID- 7348689 TI - Physical manifestations of aging: preparation for practice through a team-taught course with a cross-professional field component. PMID- 7348690 TI - Haemoperfusion in 'late' paracetamol poisoning. AB - 1 Seven patients who presented to hospital later than 10 hours following an overdose of paracetamol were treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. 2 In all cases there was a rapid fall in the plasma paracetamol concentrations, although the total amounts of drug removed varied from 364.5 mg to 6699 mg. 3 One patient developed fulminant hepatic failure and died; the remainder recovered, sustaining only mild hepatic damage (maximum AST less than 1000 iu1(-1)). 4 Charcoal haemoperfusion may be effective in mitigating the severity of liver injury in those patients who are not eligible to receive specific antidotal therapy. PMID- 7348691 TI - Agent Orange toxicity: a quantitative perspective. AB - 1 The minimum toxic dose of tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for man has been calculated from monkey and human data to be 0.1 microgram kg-1. 2 The amount of TCDD which man takes in from his environment is about 1/2050 of that present in one square metre of his immediate environment. 3 The average concentration of TCDD present in Vietnam immediately after spraying Agent Orange was 8 microgram m 2. 4 A soldier directly sprayed would attain an internal body concentration of 7 X 10(-5) microgram kg-1 or 1/1750 of the minimum toxic dose; soldiers moving through previously sprayed areas would ingest much less. 5 These quantitative aspects indicate that the dioxin sprayed with Agent Orange in Vietnam cannot have caused systemic illnesses in Vietnam veterans or birth defects in their children. PMID- 7348692 TI - Respiratory tract reactions to western red cedar. AB - 1 Asthma due to western red cedar (Thuja plicata) is well recognized, but has not been described frequently in the UK. Two patients who developed asthma and rhinitis due to occupational contact with western red cedar were studied. Both patients developed late asthmatic responses following bronchial challenge with western red cedar. 2 The challenge technique and the results of comparison between different wood dusts and dust extract are described. 3 The technique of anterior rhinometry was used to follow the nasal response to challenge in one patient, and demonstrated a late nasal reaction which followed a similar time course to the bronchial response. PMID- 7348693 TI - Acute studies to investigate the mechanism of action of caffeine as a teratogen in mice. AB - 1 In Charles River CD1 mice, a single dose of 100 mg kg-1 caffeine injected intraperitoneally on day 14 of pregnancy caused a low incidence of cleft palate in the fetuses. 2 Single oral doses of caffeine of 200 and 300 mg kg-1 but not 100 mg kg-1 on day 14, caused cleft palate in some of the fetuses, but was clearly toxic to the dams. 3 Oral doses of caffeine up to 300 mg kg-1 on day 14 of pregnancy did not reduce utero-placental blood flow, placental transfer function, or amniotic fluid volume. 4 An oral dose of 100 mg kg-1 caffeine induced a marked stimulation of adrenocortical secretion producing plasma corticosterone levels of 1248 +/- 129 microgram per 100 ml by 2 h and with elevated levels persisting more than 8 h. 5 It is suggested that the elevated plasma corticosterone is the cause of the cleft palate induced in mice by caffeine. Since corticosterone is a known cleft palate inducer in mice but not in man these results do not predict a hazard from normal caffeine consumption in man. PMID- 7348694 TI - Severe renal failure in hydralazine-induced lupus. PMID- 7348695 TI - Analgesic poisoning: a multi-centre, prospective survey. PMID- 7348697 TI - Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7348696 TI - Teaching neurology in France. PMID- 7348698 TI - Myasthenia gravis and associated diseases. PMID- 7348699 TI - Effects of roughness on the thrombogenicity of a plastic. AB - Tubings extruded from one batch of polyvinylchloride resin at five temperatures ranging from 110 to 205 degrees C were tested for thrombogenicity in the saphenous vein and aorta of sheep. There was more thrombus in both the vein and aorta on tubings extruded at lower temperatures. The surface areas of renal infarction were smaller when lower temperature tubings were inserted into the aorta. Scanning electron microscopy showed that lower extrusion temperatures caused greater roughness on the tubings. This greater roughness was confirmed by roughness measurements. It is suggested that the association which has been demonstrated between roughness and thrombus formation might be due to the degree of adhesion of the thrombus to the surface rather than to differences in thrombogenicity. PMID- 7348700 TI - Piezoelectric ceramic implants: in vivo results. AB - The suitability of barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic for direct substitution of hard tissues was evaluated using both electrically stimulated (piezoelectric) and inactive (nonpolarized) test implants. Textured cylindrical specimens, half of them made piezoelectric by polarization in a high electric field, were implanted into the cortex of the midshaft region of the femora of dogs for various periods of time. Interfacial healing and bio-compatibility of the implant material were studied using mechanical, microradiographical, and histological techniques. Our results indicate that barium titanate ceramic shows a very high degree of biocompatibility as evidenced by the absence of inflammatory or foreign body reactions at the implant-tissue interface. Furthermore, the material and its surface porosity allowed a high degree of bone ingrowth as evidenced by microradiography and a high degree of interfacial tensile strength. No difference was found between the piezoelectric and the electrically neutral implant-tissue interfaces. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The excellent mechanical properties of barium titanate, its superior biocompatibility, and the ability of bone to form a strong mechanical interfacial bond with it, makes this material a new candidate for further tests for hard tissue replacement. PMID- 7348701 TI - Suitability of pigmented polyvinylide fluoride encapsulated wire for implantation in the dog. PMID- 7348702 TI - The effects of drug and water incorporation upon some physical properties of cold cured acrylic. AB - The addition of drugs to the cold cured acrylics has been demonstrated to variably affect their mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects, to the mechanical properties of a cold cured denture base material, of the addition of drugs and water. Chlorhexidine acetate was incorporated into the denture reline material at 10% w/w in the polymer phase of the material. Specimens also contained 10, 20, or 30% water w/w in the monomer phase of the material with or without the drug. The hardness of the specimens decreased with the addition of water to drug containing or drug-free specimens. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the modulus of elasticity of the material with the addition of drugs and water or water alone, which was progressive as the amount of water increased. The load at fracture was similarly reduced as the water incorporation increased. The results demonstrated the considerable effects drug and water incorporation had upon the material. However, this would not negate the use of the material in the oral cavity in the reline or rebase situation employing existing prostheses. Moreover, the reduction in material strength may have the advantage of progressive loss of material with a resulting improved release pattern of the contained drug. PMID- 7348703 TI - Fixation of porous titanium implants in cortical bone enhanced by electrical stimulation. AB - The effect of in vivo electrical stimulation on the interfacial strength between porous titanium implants and cortical bone was studied in mongrel dogs. The interfacial shear strength of the stimulated implants was consistently greater than that of controls. No difference could be observed in the quality of bone ingrowth. The data suggest that the rate and quantity of bone ingrowth were enhanced by electrical stimulation. PMID- 7348704 TI - Dynamic mechanical properties of amalgams. AB - A recently developed dynamic mechanical analysis technique was utilized to determine the setting rates of dental amalgams. Via a compound parallel beam apparatus the dynamic mechanical properties of five amalgam materials were continuously measured at 37 degrees C within ca. 7 min after the start of trituration. Over a 15 hr period results showed that the modulus of elasticity (Ea) increased from 1.2 X 10(10) Pa to 6.5 X 10(10) Pa--the latter generally approaching those values reported via ultrasonic techniques. Moduli results via compression tests on microspecimens (3 X 2 X 1 mm) paralleled previous reliable literature data, nominally yielding values for Ea of 2-3 X 10(10) Pa. The extent of Ea scatter from both inter- and intrapreparer experiments appeared similar, although superior technique generally could be recognized by a systematic shift of the mean results to higher Ea's. In addition to modulus studies both compressive strengths (sigma max) and their corresponding strains (epsilon) were measured on microspecimens at a strain rate (epsilon) of 0.031 min-1, with a significant increase being noted in sigma max for the one material tested at over an order of magnitude increase in epsilon. PMID- 7348705 TI - Biocompatibility of echinoderm skeleton with mammalian cells in vitro: preliminary evidence. AB - The physical and chemical properties of echinoderm skeleton are reviewed. A method is described for preparing cell-free, sterile echinoderm skeletal plates (ossicles) which were used as porous substrates for cell cultures. Ossicles of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus were evaluated as substrates for the culture of three mammalian cell lines. Each line grew vigorously on ossicles, and fibroblasts quickly infiltrated their porous microstructure. Echinoderm skeletal plates provide a simple, convenient alternative to coverslips and porous membranes for SEM or correlated SEM/TEM studies of cell behavior. More importantly, the preliminary evidence for biocompatibility presented suggests that native echinoderm skeleton has potential use as a biomaterial and, because of its microstructure and relative solubility; deserves evaluation as a kind of biodegradable ceramic. PMID- 7348706 TI - Interface mechanics of porous titanium implants. AB - The interfacial shear properties of bone tissue growth into porous coated Ti-6-A1 4V femoral implants have been examined as a function of the pore size of the porous surface. Three particle size range powders (297 microns, 420-500 microns, 595-707 microns) were used to fabricate cylindrical implants which were inserted into the femoral medullary canal of dogs for 6 months. Push-out tests on the removed femurs are reported and reveal: (i) that those implants residing in cortical bone exhibited significantly higher shear properties than the equivalent implants in cancellous bone and (ii) that the interfacial shear strength and stiffness decreased with increasing pore diameter within the range 175-325 microns. The extent of bone ingrowth into the surface of the implants was measured using quantitative optical microscopic techniques. This indicated that the percentage of bone which had grown into the surface was inversely proportional to the square root of the pore size and that further the shear properties of the interface were proportional to the extent of bone ingrowth. PMID- 7348707 TI - Finite element temperature analysis of a total hip replacement and measurement of PMMA curing temperatures. AB - Analytical and experimental studies were performed to examine some characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement in the context of total hip replacement. Proceeding from fundamental principles of balance of energy and heat conduction, three simulation models of total hip replacement, using the finite-element method of numerical analysis, were used to predict the temperature response in the femoral prosthesis, cement, cancellous bone, and bone-cement interface. When cement collars are a centimeter or less in thickness, the models predict little likelihood of permanent bone thermal necrosis. In addition, laboratory experimental results indicate that peak temperatures attained in Simplex-P and Palacos-R cement specimens are nearly identical and that adding 0.5 and 1.0 g of the antibiotic gentamicin to Palacos-R has negligible influence on peak temperature. Experimental results also indicate that cooling cement specimens to 8 degrees C extends the set time, which in turn could significantly increase the likelihood of stem-cement loosening during surgery. PMID- 7348708 TI - Academic focus: graduate study and research in bioengineering at Clemson University. PMID- 7348709 TI - Corrosion fatigue of surgical stainless steel in synthetic physiological solution. AB - Fatigue tests conducted both in air and synthetic physiological solution show that the fatigue strength of surgical stainless steel in synthetic physiological solution is about 10% lower than the strength in air for a given endurance level. It is proposed that surgical stainless steel which is normally passive in physiological solution suffers corrosion fatigue because of susceptibility to crevice corrosion which occurs at extrusions and intrusions (crevices) on the surface thereby shortening the crack initiation time and the fatigue life. PMID- 7348710 TI - Mechanical properties of model synthetic tendons. AB - Model synthetic tendons consisting of 20 vol % of texturized poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and of the water-swollen poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix have the tensile modulus E = 1.5 +/- 0.1 GPa, strength and strain-at-break sigma b = 85 +/- 10 MPa and epsilon b = 0.08 +/- 0.02. The force required for breaking tendons with the diameters 2, 3, 4 mm is, respectively, 300, 500, and 960 N. By these properties model synthetic tendons closely imitate the properties of natural tendons. Long-term (100 min) and repeated short-term (30 times 1 min) creep shows that on loading model tendons lose some 10% of their stiffness, but that the whole deformation is reversible. The shape of the compliance vs. time dependence of synthetic tendons closely resembles the dependence determined for the parent fiber. The stiffness and strength of a tendon are given by those of the fiber bundle used; by varying fiber volume fraction, it is possible to adjust the required mechanical properties of tendons. PMID- 7348711 TI - The quasistatic and fatigue performance of the implant/bone-cement interface. PMID- 7348712 TI - Pressurized polymerization for reaction casting of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). AB - Homopolymers of the hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are produced with no observable bubbles trapped in the lattice by performing the free radical initiated polymerization reaction under pressure (700 kPa). Implantable hydrogel structures of intricate and exact geometry, such as nipples for ureteral anastomoses in the prosthetic urinary bladder, can be made using this technique. PMID- 7348713 TI - In vitro corrosion and tarnish characterization of typical dental gold compositions. AB - Analysis of the anodic polarization and alternate immersion test response of 16 precious metal alloys with compositions similar to those of commercial dental golds indicate that alloys containing high (Ag + Cu) contents are likely to be more corrosion and tarnish prone. It also appears that the alloys containing high precious metals contents (Au, Pt, and Pd) are characterized by immunity or anodic film protection over a range of anodic overpotentials, indicating superior corrosion resistance. PMID- 7348714 TI - Mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cements. AB - Samples of low viscosity poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), graphite reinforced PMMA, and graphite reinforced low viscosity PMMA were evaluated for their compression strength and fracture toughness. These results were compared with two currently used plain PMMA bone cements. There were no statistically significant differences in compression strength between the five cements. Graphite reinforcement of plain cement produced a 32% increase in fracture toughness over plain cement. Graphite reinforcement of low viscosity cement also produced a significant increase in toughness (31%) over low viscosity cement with fiber reinforcement. However, low viscosity cement demonstrated significantly less fracture toughness than plain PMMA. PMID- 7348715 TI - Effect of radiation sterilization and aging on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. AB - The mechanical properties of polyethylene components used in prosthesis are altered after fabrication by the sterilization procedure and by the environmental and mechanical aging which occurs after implantation. To assess the importance and extent of these alterations, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes from two sources, Hercules 1900 and RCH 1000C, were subjected to gamma-ray irradiation and aging in serum and argon environments. Changes induced by these treatments in the structural and mechanical parameters have been determined by a variety of experimental techniques. The effect of irradiation is to introduce crosslinks and to increase the degree of crystallinity resulting in changes in the tensile properties in the direction of higher stiffness and reduced ductility. Aging for six months produced similar changes with subtle differences. The results suggest that the initially low degree of crystallinity which results from the sluggish mobility of the very long chain molecules offers the opportunity for significant changes in the properties during use in the long run. PMID- 7348716 TI - Thrombogenesis: an epitaxial phenomena. I. AB - A semiempirical epitaxial model has been derived which correlates and interrelates the surface free energy, ultrastructural morphology, surface charge, surface chemistry, and surface molecular motions of a model triblock copolymer to thrombogenesis. This paper addresses the aspect of: (1) ultrastructure order versus disorder, (2) primary and secondary molecular motions, (3) surface and side chain chemistry, (4) thrombogenesis, and (5) the derived epitaxial model based on the above observations. This model can be extrapolated to include and predict the relative thrombogenic responses of various crystalline and semicrystalline polymeric substrates, i.e., aliphatic polyolefins, polyurethanes, and polypeptides. PMID- 7348717 TI - Biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural assessments of pseudoneointimal linings derived from fibroblast-seeded integrally textured polymeric surfaces. PMID- 7348718 TI - Biocompatibility of polymeric delivery systems for macromolecules. AB - We previously reported the use of polymeric delivery systems capable of sustained release of substances with molecular weights up to 2 X 10(6). The current study examined the tissue compatibilities of these slow-release agents and of other polymeric materials. To observe in vivo host responses to specific implants, tests were conducted in the rabbit cornea. The cornea as an implant site has several advantages compared to other organs including its clarity, avascularity, sensitivity, and convenient access to view. Corneas were examined using stereomicroscopy and histology. Two polymers suitable for sustained macromolecular release, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and alcohol-washed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, were noninflammatory. Other polymers considered for sustained macromolecular release, such as polyacrylamide and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), produced significant inflammation. PMID- 7348719 TI - Dense alumina aged in vivo. AB - Auger electron spectroscopy was used to investigate the relative concentration of the calcium impurity at the external and fracture surfaces of a dense alumina after in vivo exposure for 6, 12, and 23 weeks. The Ca concentration at the external surface initially decreased, reached a minimum at 12 weeks, and increased thereafter. These results, were compared with the flexural strength, which decreased nearly linearly from 6 to 23 weeks. PMID- 7348720 TI - Morbidity due to common communicable diseases in rural India.--An institutional study. PMID- 7348721 TI - Life table approach to the estimation of malaria parasite incidence rate in infants from longitudinal data. PMID- 7348722 TI - Serological evidence of infection with H1N1 subtype of influenza virus at Dibrugarh, Assam. PMID- 7348723 TI - Bacteriology and serology of pyoderma. PMID- 7348724 TI - Effect on host metabolism of Litomosoides carinii infection in Mastomys natalensis. PMID- 7348725 TI - Immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar. I. Experimental L. donovani infection in golden hamsters. PMID- 7348726 TI - A new technique for inducing oviposition in laboratory colonized mosquitoes. PMID- 7348727 TI - Susceptibility of Aedes (S) albopictus larvae to synthetic insecticides. PMID- 7348728 TI - Neurological manifestations of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis at Delhi--A preliminary note on epidemiological profile. PMID- 7348729 TI - Should you be required to report potentially hazardous drivers? PMID- 7348730 TI - A new malpractice crisis? Get a second opinion. PMID- 7348731 TI - Physician-owned companies make a difference because they are different. PMID- 7348732 TI - Panels do work. I know, I've tried them. PMID- 7348733 TI - Must you bare your insurance status to your patients? PMID- 7348735 TI - FTC's concessions on fee-for-service issue could affect you. PMID- 7348734 TI - Has the FTC overplayed its hand in trying to control your fees? PMID- 7348736 TI - Are we restraining competition or human misery? PMID- 7348737 TI - Would you advertise? PMID- 7348738 TI - MD sues for bigger spot in yellow pages. PMID- 7348739 TI - What are the changes when malignancy leads to a malpractice suit? PMID- 7348740 TI - How much is your goodwill worth? PMID- 7348741 TI - How to keep your balance between care and cost. PMID- 7348742 TI - Protecting your assets means you never have to be sorry. PMID- 7348743 TI - Nebraska MD challenges state abortion law. PMID- 7348744 TI - What is standard practice in prescribing psychotropics? PMID- 7348745 TI - Review panels get mixed reviews in court. PMID- 7348746 TI - Attempts to blackmail witnesses backfire. PMID- 7348748 TI - Did Bailey's firm bungle a malpractice claim? PMID- 7348747 TI - You don't have to love a lawyer to get along with him. PMID- 7348749 TI - Are we treating the mentally retarded with dignity? PMID- 7348750 TI - FTC retreats from another investigation of medical practices. PMID- 7348751 TI - How you can collect more of your fees. PMID- 7348752 TI - How to use small claims court to collect overdue accounts. PMID- 7348753 TI - Do you let your patients dictate how, when, and if they will pay you? PMID- 7348754 TI - Inter-observer variation of symptoms and signs in jaundice. AB - Five observers each examined 20 jaundiced patients, recording clinical signs and symptoms on a form which also gave the definitions used for the study. The balanced design of the study allowed examination for order effects, but none were found, except for a tendency for agreement on indicants with more than two categories to improve as the study progressed. Chance agreement was corrected by the use of kappa statistics which showed that 80% of the indicants showed agreement significantly greater than expected by chance. Certain indicants (dark urine, variability of jaundice, abdominal pain, character of liver edge and presence of spleen) showed no evidence of significant agreement, even though the indicants were frequently observed in both states - present or absent. The percentage of correct clinical diagnoses reached by the observers (without biochemical or any other information) varied between 65% and 84%. The consensus diagnosis was correct in 80% of cases. Agreement was higher if the diagnosis was simplified to a 'Medical' or 'Surgical' diagnosis, the observers' accuracy being between 90 and 100%. PMID- 7348755 TI - Clinical relevance of restrictive morphological criteria for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in liver biopsies. AB - Material obtained by needle biopsy of the liver from 532 patients with cirrhosis who had previously been examined has been re-evaluated using new and more restrictive histological criteria for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The material was divided into four main groups: (A) cirrhosis, 287 biopsies; (B) probably cirrhosis, 101 biopsies; (C) compatible with but not diagnostic for cirrhosis, 89 biopsies; and (D) probably not cirrhosis, 11 biopsies. Group E consisted of 44 cases where no or insufficient material was available. The survival curves of the groups were significantly (P less than 0.05) different, with group D having the best survival followed by C, B and A. Clinical and laboratory manifestations of cirrhosis (more than five spider naevi, presence of ascites, daily alcohol intake of more than 50 g) were found significantly (P less than 0.05) more often among patients from group A, followed by patients from groups B, C and D. It is concluded that the more restrictive histological criteria for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in liver biopsies have clinical relevance, due to the prognostic and therapeutic implications of the diagnosis. The study also underlines the importance of specifying the criteria used when studies of patients with cirrhosis are reported. PMID- 7348756 TI - Peliosis hepatis as a late and fatal complication of thorotrast liver disease. Report of five cases. AB - Five autopsy cases of peliosis hepatis occurring as a late complication of thorotrast (ThO2) liver disease are described. The liver contained many blood filled cystic spaces of various sizes. Marked sinusoidal dilatation, disruption of cell cords and reticulin fiber framework, and cystic dilatation of sinusoids seem to represent the developmental stages of peliosis hepatis in sequence. Of the five cases, two had no other liver disease except for hepatic fibrosis, and the other three had associated neoplasms, such as angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, benign hemangioma, and their combinations. Peliosis hepatis seemed to have directly contributed to the patient's death in four cases. The most characteristic clinical feature was the fulminant terminal course with massive ascites, deep jaundice, and hepatic failure, often accompanied by hepatorenal syndrome and tendency to hemorrhage. Liver function study suggested progressive hepatic insufficiency with reduction in serum albumin, prothrombin and the clearance rate for test dyes, and increase in bilirubin. Clinical diagnosis was almost impossible without biopsy. PMID- 7348757 TI - Hepatic injury associated with paraquat toxicity in humans. AB - Thirteen patients are reported who developed evidence of hepatic damage after exposure to paraquat and subsequently died. At autopsy, the main changes involved the bile excretory pathways. Ten of the thirteen cases had cholestasis, usually localized to the centrilobular zone. There was cholangiocellular injury involving the small and medium-sized bile ducts in portal areas. It consisted of shrinkage of cells, poor definition of outline, separation from the basement membrane, desquamation of cells into the lumen, infiltration of the wall by neutrophils and possible loss of integrity of the basement membrane. These bile duct lesions have not been previously described in association with paraquat toxicity. On the basis of the overall histologic findings in this study and extrapolation from experimental studies, it is hypothesized that paraquat injury to the liver is biphasic; it is initially hepatocellular but becomes cholangiocellular after the first 2 days. PMID- 7348758 TI - Acute viral hepatitis B with bridging necrosis: a follow-up study. AB - Forty patients with bridging necrosis (BN) on biopsies taken during the course of acute viral hepatitis B were included in a prospective study to assess the prognostic significance of this lesion. Of the 22 patients with complete clinical, biochemical and histological follow-up (histological follow-up 5-33 months), only two failed to eliminate HBs- and HBe-antigen in serum, a finding paralleled by transition to chronic active hepatitis and by the persistence of focal HBc- and HBs-antigen expression in liver tissue. Nineteen of 22 patients showed complete histological healing; one developed inactive cirrhosis. It is concluded that, in the setting of acute viral hepatitis B, the histological lesion of BN is of no particular prognostic significance, and that transition to chronic liver disease is much less frequent than has been assumed from previous studies of etiologically heterogeneous patient populations. Markers of poor prognosis are the failure of serological elimination of HBs- and HBe-antigen and the persistence of spotty expression of HBc- and HBs-antigen on immunofluorescence histology. PMID- 7348759 TI - Anatomical basis of hepatic venographic alterations in idiopathic portal hypertension. AB - Hepatic venograms made in 40 authentic cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) were compared with 13 normal venograms and venograms obtained in 88 cases of cirrhosis, and analyzed in the light of the pathological changes seen in 16 postmortem liver specimens. There were frequent anastomoses between hepatic vein radicles, approximation of middle-size branches to the liver surface, reduction in the angles between the main hepatic vein and its tributaries, and difficulty in opacifying portal vein branches in wedged retrograde portography. These angiographic alterations were corroborated by gross pathological findings which comprised displacement of middle-size hepatic vein branches closer to the liver surface and their approximation among themselves, and seem to be accounted for by the disappearance of liver parenchyma secondary to the peripheral portal circulatory failure. PMID- 7348760 TI - Cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells and vulnerability of hepatocytes in alcoholic fatty liver of baboons. AB - Mononuclear cell cytotoxicity against autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic (rabbit) hepatocytes was investigated in nine baboons fed alcohol for 17-21 months and in nine pair-fed controls. All alcohol-fed animals developed fatty liver. Cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells was not observed when rabbit hepatocytes were used as target cells, but mononuclear cells of alcohol-fed baboons were cytotoxic against hepatocytes of both control animals and hepatocytes from alcohol-fed baboons, including the animals' own hepatocytes. Increased vulnerability of hepatocytes of alcohol-fed baboons was also demonstrated since mononuclear cells of both controls and alcohol-fed animals were more cytotoxic against hepatocytes of alcohol-fed baboons than against those of controls. Thus, autologous and heterologous hepatocytes are more sensitive in the baboon than rabbit hepatocytes in demonstrating cytotoxicity already at the stage of fatty liver. Two factors are contributory: mononuclear cells cytotoxicity and vulnerability of hepatocytes. PMID- 7348761 TI - Differential in vitro immune responses to biliary tract antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. AB - Cellular immune reactions against normal biliary tract antigens have been investigated in 21 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 18 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) using the leucocyte migration inhibition test with partially purified antigens from normal human gall-bladder bile. Four antigen fractions, containing (either separately or together) three previously-described biliary antigens, were employed: (1) Antigen I; (2) Canalicular antigen; (3) Canalicular and Ductular antigens; (4) All three antigens. Seventeen (81%) of the PBC patients showed migration inhibition with all four fractions. Five (28%) of the CAH patients showed inhibition with three fractions but none exhibited sensitization to the fraction containing only the antigen derived from the bile canalicular portion of the hepatocyte membrane. In experiments with purified lymphocyte sub-populations from PBC patients, leucocyte migration inhibitory factor production was shown to be a function of T-lymphocytes. The antigenic selectivity with respect to the responses in CAH patients suggests that sensitization to biliary tract antigens is probably not a secondary phenomenon resulting from "unmasking" of antigens after bile duct damage has occurred but may be more directly related to the disease process. PMID- 7348763 TI - [Science and politics]. PMID- 7348762 TI - Anti-HBc of IgM-class, HBeAg and anti-HBe in acute and chronic hepatitis B. AB - The presence and persistence of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) and the correlation with other HBV markers were studied in 42 patients, all of whom had acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis but whose subsequent diseases differed. All patients initially had anti-HBc IgM. In 13 out of 15 patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis, anti-HBc IgM disappeared within 6 months after onset of the disease. In five out of 12 patients, who in spite of transient HBsAg developed chronic liver disease, the anti-HBc IgM persisted for more than 2 years. Among 15 patients with persistent HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM was present from 7 months to more than 8 years. Seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe was observed in seven patients and in five of these anti-HBc IgM disappeared during the follow-up period. These results indicate that anti-HBc IgM can be used as a serological marker of recent or ongoing HBV infection. PMID- 7348764 TI - [Science and values]. PMID- 7348765 TI - [Taxorchis caviae sp. n. (Trematoda, Paramphistomidae), intestinal parasite of Cavia aperea aperea Erxleben, 1777 (Rodentia, Caviidae)]. PMID- 7348766 TI - [Biological cycle of Paraibatrema inesperata n.g.,n. sp. (Trematoda, Paramphistomidae) beginning with metacercariae developing Biomphalaria tenagophila (D'Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Planorbidae)]. PMID- 7348767 TI - Simuliidae of Goias state and the Federal District (Brasilia). 1. A description of Simulium (Chirostilbia) dekeyseri, new species. PMID- 7348768 TI - [Ethologic aspects of the survival of snail vectors of schistosomiasis after treatment with molluscacides]. PMID- 7348769 TI - [True hosts of ectoparasites in the county of Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. PMID- 7348770 TI - On the adjuvant effect of aluminum hydroxide for mice. PMID- 7348771 TI - [Behavior of a population of Macaca mulatta Zimmerman, 1780, on the Ilha do Pinheiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: social organization, population increase and feeding conditions]. PMID- 7348772 TI - [2d contribution on the ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes in the acute (toxemic) form of schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7348773 TI - [Behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) as a criterion of toxicity in biological trails with molluscacides]. PMID- 7348774 TI - [Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro. 1. Phlebotomineae from an endemic area of indigenous human cases]. PMID- 7348775 TI - Biomphalaria occidentalis sp. n. from South America (Mollusca Basommatophora Pulmonata). PMID- 7348776 TI - Malignant transformation of a rat fibroma by the treatment with an anti-fibrosing drug: CY-168F (Plastenan). PMID- 7348777 TI - The principal reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the urban areas of Manaus, Central Amazon of Brazil. PMID- 7348778 TI - Observations on two biological races of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7348779 TI - Nonhemocyte sources of selected lysosomal enzymes in Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. straminea (Mollusca: Pulmonata). PMID- 7348780 TI - [Enteroparasites and Capillaria sp. among the Surui tribe, Parque Indigena Aripuana, Rondonia]. PMID- 7348781 TI - [Cerebral germinomas (atypical teratomas of the pineal)]. PMID- 7348782 TI - New field observations on the competitive displacement between two species of planorbid snails inhabiting northeastern Brazil. PMID- 7348783 TI - [Present geographic distribution of intermediate mollusk hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Belo horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. PMID- 7348784 TI - What is Paragonimus rudis (Diesing, 1850)? Report on a field study in Mato Grosso, Brazil. PMID- 7348786 TI - [The connections of the trigeminal nerve at its emergence from the brain stem]. PMID- 7348785 TI - [Distribution of cartilage thickness in the proximal part of the human elbow joint. A functional analysis]. AB - The distribution of cartilage thickness was analysed in the proximal part of 10 human elbow joints. Regional differences in the thickness of the cartilaginous covering could be ascertained. The boundary between trochlea humeri and capitulum humeri generally showed a thickened cartilage covering, which is gradually reduced to the border of the joint surface. In the dorsolateral part of the capitulum and in the dorsal area of the trochlea the cartilage is thinned. Besides the distribution patterns of the individual subjects an average distribution is computed. The findings are opposed to the stressing of the elbow joint paying most regard to the position and size of the resultant force. According to the conceptions of the causal histogenesis and preservation of mesenchymal supporting tissues (Pauwels 1960), areas with a thick cartilage covering are led back to an increased functional stressing, whereas thinned out areas represent the result of a diminished functional stressing. PMID- 7348787 TI - [The effect of training and anabolic agents on the weight of the heart and extremities]. AB - Albino-mice (50 animals per group) were exercised (running) for 30 days (29,6 km/animal totally) or received in the same period Methandrostenolon (0,12 mg/animal). With a third group exercise and anabolic steroid was combined. Mean body weight, mean weight of fore and hind leg, also mean weight of heart were compared between the groups and with corresponding weights of the control group. Calculating with allometry equation the influence of both exogen factors on weight of extremities and weight of heart was determined. Anabolic steroid resulted an increased body weight, significantly more than in the control animals. Exercise reduced statistically the weight of living animals. Without influence of body weight the combination of exercise and anabolic steroid made an increase to the weight of extremities, especially of the hind leg. The weight of heart increased only after exercise. PMID- 7348788 TI - [A radiologico-anatomical study of the bones of the foot]. AB - 110 x-ray films of young adults were examined. A line connecting the medial end of the articular cleft between naviculare and medial cuneiform bones with the lateral end of the calcaneo-cuboidal joint was used as transverse basis line. The angles between that line and the axes of the metatarsal bones were measured and discussed. A further investigation concerned the valgus position of the hallux. It showed that even in young feet--especially of females--it much more pronounced than was described hitherto. So in this respect our concept of the "normal foot" has to be revised. Further it could be shown that in not too few cases the transverse vault is distinctly flattened, a fact which has hardly been considered in the usual descriptions. PMID- 7348789 TI - [The course of the median nerve in the carpal canal]. AB - In 111 adults, 3 children and 12 infants the position of the N. medianus and its course through the forearm and the carpal tunnel are examined. In 10% of the adults, deviations from the normal position occur. In 5% of the cases, the nerve does not run radially, but between the tendons for the third and fourth fingers of the M. flexor digitorum superficialis through the carpal tunnel. In another 5% of the cases, the median nerve does not pass superficially but deep beneath the flexor tendons of the fingers, either radially or in the middle of the carpal tunnel, so that he cannot be seen after cutting the transverse ligament (flexor retinaculum). Before disappearing deep between the tendons, the nerve crosses over them. The same observations can be made in infants. The significance of the medial and deep position of the nerve within the carpal tunnel as well as its crossing over the tendons in its course through the forearm is discussed with respect to surgical procedures for opening the carpal tunnel. PMID- 7348790 TI - [Peritoneum: anatomy applied to abdominal drainage]. PMID- 7348791 TI - [The importance of the long tensile system of the sole of the foot for the action of the metatarsus (optical potential study of a model)]. AB - The importance of the plantar tensile systems of the foot are studied by the means of photoelasticity. In a plastic (VP 1527) model of the sagittal section of a foot skeleton the distribution of stressing under load has been visualized in photographs of the isochromes as seen in the polarized light. This examination has been carried out with and without tension in the long plantar tensile systems of the model. It has clearly been shown that by the influence of the tensile systems the resultant force for the forefoot runs approximately in the axis of the bony elements of the metatarsus. In absence of these plantar tensions on the contrary the metatarsal elements undergo considerable bending stresses. PMID- 7348792 TI - [The problem of the determination of the surface curvature of joints]. AB - The description of knee joint cinematics is based on the exact analysis of condylar contours. In this paper, a function of second degree (elliptical equation) is proposed as an acceptable approximation to the solution of the problem. The contours of the femoral condyles can be looked at as composed of two different elliptical arches. These arches can be fitted with a high degree of accurateness. This method describes the condylar contour at least with the same approximation as the much more complicated calculation of STANISLAUS (1977) does. Furthermore the evolute of this curve does not show the extreme discontinuities of the evolute, determined by STANISLAUS. PMID- 7348793 TI - [The early development of the cranial segment of the mullerian duct in the rat]. AB - In the rat the cranial part of the Muellerian duct (M-duct), i.e. the anlage of the uterine tube, is of dual origin. The different segments of the adult tube are already recognizable during embryogenesis and may be attributed to their original materials. The preampulla arises from the infundibular field of the coelomic epithelium (= MT). The isthmus is budding from the Wolffian duct (= MW). The middle segment of the tube, the ampulla, is organized by fusion of MT and MW. In the male rat embryo MW degenerates completely, whereas MT degenerates only partially. The remaining part of MT becomes to a solid structure close to the testis, namely the testicular appendage. In the rat testicular appendage is traceable until the first postnatal day. PMID- 7348794 TI - [A new method for the determination of the weight-dependent course of pressure and contact in the articular surface]. AB - A new method for measurements of pressure distributions and contact areas in joints. An innovative method is presented, allowing, for the first time, the exact determination of load-dependent pressure distributions and contact areas of joint surfaces in anatomical specimens. A thin flexible foil is inserted into the joint and adjust itself to curvatures. Upon loading, a monochromatic coloration occurs such that the optical density increases linearly with pressure. Using an electronic picture processor an analog representation of isobaric areas is obtained and evaluated, thereby integrating the areas of equal optical density. This procedure is considered to be superior to densitometric digital signal processing. For illustration, measurements of tibiofemoral-, patellafemoral- and ankle joints are shown, demonstrating the advantages and limitations of the new method. PMID- 7348795 TI - Factors influencing dieldrin and DDT residues in carp from the Des Moines River, Iowa, 1977-80. AB - Concentrations of dieldrin and DDT in muscle tissue and fat of carp, Cyprinus carpio, from the Des Moines River, Iowa, differed significantly with month of collection, fish age, and sampling location. Pesticide levels expressed on the basis of wet weight of flesh often differed from those expressed on a fat basis. Fish from reservoirs tended to have higher levels of dieldrin, but not of DDT, than did fish from riverine locations. PMID- 7348796 TI - Influence of a new impoundment on pesticide concentrations in warmwater fish, Saylorville Reservoir, Des Moines River, Iowa, 1977-78. AB - Samples of seven species of warmwater fish were collected above, within, and below newly impounded Saylorville Reservoir, Des Moines River, Iowa, from October 1977 to October 1978. Whole-body analyses by gas chromatography were significantly higher in river carpsucker (Carpiodes cyanazine and for the organochlorine insecticides dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, p,p'-DDT, and heptachlor epoxide. Only the organochlorine insecticides were detected in fish tissue. Concentrations of dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide were significantly higher in river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio) from the reservoir than in those from the river. Other species of fish showed no differences in pesticide concentration related to locality of collection. PMID- 7348797 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk samples from Comarca Lagunera, Mexico, 1976. AB - Milk samples were obtained from 15 nursing mothers in the agricultural region of Comarca Lagunera, Mexico, and were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues. Nine different types of residues were found. Of these, p,p'-DDE, p,p' DDT, and beta-BHC occurred most frequently. All samples had concentrations of DDT derived compounds higher than the practical limit recommended by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization for DDT in cows' milk. Residues of other chlorinated hydrocarbons were present at levels similar to those found in human milk in other developing countries. PMID- 7348798 TI - 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane residues in water in South Carolina, 1979-80. AB - During 1979-80, a total of 236 water samples were collected from 205 sites in South Carolina. Well water, surface water (lakes, ponds, and rivers), and municipal water were sampled and analyzed for the soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3 chloropropane (DBCP). DBCP levels ranged from non-detectable to 0.05 microgram/liter (ppb) in an area of nonuse (background). No municipal water samples in the state exceeded the background level. In the area of high use of DBCP, 37% of the surface water samples exceeded the background level, but none exceeded 0.4 microgram/liter. Twenty-seven percent of the well water samples from the high-use area exceeding the background level, and 10.2% of the samples exceeded 1 microgram/liter. All samples exceeding 1 microgram/liter came from a small area within one county. The possible mode of contamination was not determined. PMID- 7348799 TI - [Spread of type A viral hepatitis in Rome: study of anti-HAV antibodies in a group of students]. PMID- 7348800 TI - [Epidemiologic study on the spread of biliary calculi in the Umbria region. 1. Spread of the disease in the Province of Perugia in the period 1964-1977 through a study performed in hospitals]. PMID- 7348801 TI - [Contamination by sulfite-reducing clostridia in returnable bottles and commercial mineral waters]. PMID- 7348802 TI - [Analysis of secretory IGA in the urine of patients Schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis]. PMID- 7348803 TI - [Ecology of town hot springs]. PMID- 7348804 TI - [The prisoner, a victim of our violent society]. PMID- 7348805 TI - [Criminologic problems of political change in Spain]. AB - In this article the Author considers the modern-day and historical situation as regards the administration of justice in Spain, pausing to make a particularly careful analysis of those crimes whose rate of increase, over the past few years, has been the greatest. He runs back over the various stages of Spain's recent history: from the period preceding Franco's regime, during which a multiplicity of criminological theories were developed by Spanish authors, leading to the creation of a school of jurisprudence, in which theory and practice tended toward seeking a balance between freedom and security; through the period of the dictatorship, in which there was a tightening-up of the preceding trend, with a definite predisposition towards security, whether within the State or external to it (to be noted--the Author observes--is that this security in reality is not a guarantee of the lives and liberties of the citizens, but rather only a safeguarding of the State from attacks on its supremacy and power); to the successive period of the democracy, which came about without cruel and revolutionary upsets, but nonetheless has felt for many years the effects of the preceding political climate; criminality is increasing considerably, but the administration of justice is not able to soundly and accurately evaluate it, it having functioned at only 45% efficiency--or so says the Author--up until 1978: the imbalances in the society that can be seen in its passage through the various political regimes are, therefore, present too in the field of criminality; this, in fact, is apparently decreasing (since crimes against the external and internal security of the State are decreasing, as the number of convictions are decreasing); but in reality this criminality is undergoing a strong evolutionary movement, due more than anything else to the fact that the tendency is to give priority to liberty, and no longer to security, as is true in fact of every democratic regime. Even in 1978, when the new regime was by now consolidated and stabilized, the administration of justice had found too stability and balance; the consequences of this are, on the one hand, a decrease in crimes against the state as such, and on the other hand, an increase in the crimes peculiar to a democratic country (such as terrorism, drug-pushing, robbery) committed by ever younger criminals. PMID- 7348806 TI - [Signs of protest in preventive and penal institutions between 1 January 1972 and 8 September 1979]. AB - This study poses to the reader's attention the phenomenon of the protest demonstrations that took place in the penal and custodial institutions in Italy from 1972 to 1979. A first processing of the data is presented, which points up the salient characteristics and tendencies of the phenomenon. Among the results obtained is the substantially peaceful nature of the protest demonstrations, this being predominant--although during the years 1973, 1974, and 1976 a number, though a moderate fraction of the total, of serious cases took place that involved violence against persons and property, which alarmed public opinion. The motives prevalently brought forth as being the causes of the demonstrations lead back to the conditions of convict life, to the convicts' hopes and expectations before and after the penal reform bill of 1975, and, often, to the points arrived at regarding their trials. Since 1978 the demonstrations have been almost entirely peaceful. PMID- 7348807 TI - [Statistical information on 200 perpetrators of homicide]. PMID- 7348808 TI - [Experts according to Art. 80, Paragraph IV, Law No. 354, 26 July 1975, and the obligation to professional secrecy]. AB - The multiplicity of advertising "concerns" acts, with a more prominent emphasis in recent times, as the necessary condition for an increasing deterioration of professional reserve to the level of a merely formal statement. Especially as regards the medical profession, as broadly understood, the institution of "specialist categories" directly tied to "public bodies" and to "agencies", private or public, responsible for or helping to effect, the "monitoring" of special characteristics peculiar to the most intimate sphere of subjectivity, remarkable "deviations" can be observed as against the anamnestic (having to do with case histories--trans.), analytic, and clearly therapeutic safeguarding that, to the contrary, ought to receive an inviolable defense on the part of the Italian regulatory system--executive, in the sense of rigorous constitutional provisions. To emphasize the deep erosion of professional reserve, demonstrable to the highest degree by the present levels of penal doctrine and jurisprudence as specifically regards criminal cases sanctioned by art. 622 of the penal code, is therefore equivalent to the bringing into focus of a general social and regulatory problem, one that is obviously expanding, as regards its importance and its capacity to "alarm", within the sphere of the observation of personality and of institutionalized treatment as prescribed by the law of 26 July 1975, no. 354, bearing the title "Penitentiary Organization". The need for establishing a climate of "confidentiality"--confirmed by a number of papers on criminology and "penitentiary technique"--among the convicts, and "therapy", is therefore included within the considerably larger theme of the rights of the condemned person, of his assent to being subjected to "resocializing operations", as well as of the guarantee of not having to undergo further negative consequences, beyond his state of restricted freedom, whether on the legal plane or on the plane of his psycho-physical integrity. Therefore, quite beyond the many-sided (and often these are used as pretexts) "just reasons" brought forth to justify any information, setting specifically aside that of the "consultants spoken of in art. 80" of the law cited, concerning confidential data or anyway sources of harm to the passive subjects, it is urgent that there be given an extremely severe interpretation of the law's provisions, there being symbiotically acknowledged the right to abstain, as regards the consultants themselves, from the "divulging" of any information beyond their strictly medical opinion, and the option for those subjected to observation and treatment to make out a complaint where there are the requisites tending to make the possibility of a crime's having been committed a concrete fact. PMID- 7348809 TI - [Uxoricide in Italy]. AB - The Authors, after having studied the specific literature on the subject, publish data regarding 27 women who were victims of uxoricide. The adoption of a victimological viewpoint permits hypothesizing that: 1) it is sociological factors that seem to be fundamental to determining the classes of the women who are more subject to this specific danger; 2) bio-physio-psychological factors seem to be relevant to determining which women, within the class subject to this specific danger, are unable to recognize their danger, or, though having recognized it, are unable to avoid it; 3) factors extraneous to the victim, inherent in the personality structure of the perpetrators of the crime and in their cultural values (as well as in the various meanings that the uxoricide, at both the conscious and the unconscious levels, may take on for the man when he is committing it) appear to be, in most cases, determining for any specific event. PMID- 7348810 TI - [Internal regulations of penitentiaries]. PMID- 7348811 TI - [Treatment of unconvicted prisoners. Variations on a theme]. AB - Judiciary practice, recently encouraged by legislative provisions, has for some time been, distortedly, attributing to preventive custody the characteristic features of a punishment in advance, and the effects of this as seen in the penitentiary display a complementary doublenes of aspect. On the one hand, the tendency by the reform bill of 1975 to the general privileging of those sentenced with respect to those accused, this being borne out by a common usage that is not, however, always justified by the dictates of the law, prevents the adoption of more advantagious measures for the accused persons. On the other hand, this situation contributes to a further exasperation of the afflictions of detention for those for whom the supposition of their presumed innocence should give rise to concrete, and not merely formal, effects. The need derives from this for a greater attention on the part of prison personnel that must be given to the treatment of those not definitively sentenced, considering that the very reform law leaves space for action in this direction, as well for the purpose of more definitely characterizing a professional attitude aimed at putting the penal institution back in touch with policies in which the traditional repressive and punitive essence is gradually replaced by a new and original dimension of socialization. PMID- 7348812 TI - [Serological and experimental studies of plague in Northeastern Brazil]. PMID- 7348813 TI - [Diatomaceous florula and the ecological data of Lake Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil) (Chromophyta, Diatomophyceae)]. PMID- 7348814 TI - [American cutaneous leishmaniasis on the southern coast of Sao Paulo State]. PMID- 7348815 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of meningococcal disease. I. Morbidity study in nonepidemic and epidemic periods in the municipality of Londrina, Parana, Brazil (1965-1975)]. PMID- 7348816 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of meningococcal disease. II. Mortality and lethality study in nonepidemic and epidemic periods in the municipality of Londrina, Parana, Brazil (1965-1975)]. PMID- 7348817 TI - [Phlebotominae in an area of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence in the Campo Grande district, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. PMID- 7348818 TI - [Miracidia hatching as a method of diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7348820 TI - [Subtotal saphenectomy or hemisaphenectomy]. PMID- 7348819 TI - [Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and degree of metabolic control in diabetics]. PMID- 7348821 TI - [Teaching of pediatrics. Experience of an outlying teaching unit]. PMID- 7348822 TI - Uveal melanoma in association with multiple malignancies. A case report and review. AB - A 66-year-old man had a pigmented choroidal lesion in his right eye. Over a subsequent period of 8 1/2 years, the lesion showed slight growth. At autopsy, the diagnosis was spindle B melanoma of the choroid without evidence of systemic metastasis. A very unusual feature of this case was the presence in this patient of seven primary malignant tumors and five benign neoplasms. In addition to the choroidal melanoma, these included three distinct pulmonary carcinomas, leiomyosarcoma of the stomach, adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, and basal cell carcinoma. The literature on multiple malignancies in association with uveal melanoma is reviewed. PMID- 7348823 TI - Immunodiagnosis of late, recurrent retinoblastoma. AB - The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed a nasopharyngeal mass seven years following irradiation treatment of the left eye is described. Diagnosis of the new tumor was difficult by routine light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining of the original globes, the nasopharyngeal mass, and a cervical lymph node biopsy specimen with an antiserum prepared against tissue cultured retinoblastoma cells suggested the diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma rather than a "radiation induced" sarcoma. PMID- 7348824 TI - Visual results following scleral buckling for retinal detachments sparing the macula. AB - Scleral buckling was performed on 116 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments that spared macular function preoperatively. The retina was reattached in 97% of these eyes after one operation. The remaining cases were repaired successfully by a second procedure. Eight percent of the 90 eyes with preoperative vision of 20/30 or better experienced some visual loss postoperatively despite successful retinal reattachment. In 4% of these 90 eyes, the final vision was less than 20/40. Macular pucker was the most common cause of postoperative reduction in vision. PMID- 7348825 TI - Diabetic retinopathy in Mauriac's syndrome. Paradoxical deterioration with improved metabolic control. AB - We report four children with marked short stature, hepatomegaly, and delayed adolescence. Initial funduscopy demonstrated only occasional microaneurysms in two children and a single intraretinal hemorrhage in another. Improved control required large increases in insulin dosage. Growth rate improved significantly and hepatomegaly regressed. Puberty progressed rapidly in two older patients with poor final height. Paradoxically, with improved control, retinopathy progressed rapidly. One child with proliferative retinopathy in both eyes developed vitreous hemorrhage and blindness in one eye. Two required pan retinal photocoagulation with no further progression of their retinopathy. These rapidly progressive retinal changes remain unexplained. We advise caution when correcting metabolic derangements of diabetic patients who have been poorly controlled for a prolonged period. PMID- 7348826 TI - Ocular manifestations of relapsing polychondritis. AB - The clinical, ultrasonographic, fluorescein angiographic, and immunological features of a case of relapsing polychondritis in a 46-year-old female are described. Acute bilateral sclerouveitis with multiple retinal pigment epithelial defects and sensory retinal detachment were present on initial examination. Antibodies to type II collagen were present in serum samples taken from the patient during the acute and convalescent phase of the disease. A possible relationship of this disorder to the phylogenetic development of the eye is discussed. PMID- 7348827 TI - Proceedings from the Fourth Biennial Meeting of the Paul Cibis Club. Hot Springs, Virginia, May 1981. PMID- 7348828 TI - Photocoagulation as the sole treatment for early posterior retinal detachment. AB - Three eyes of two patients with posterior retinal detachments associated with high myopia were treated with photocoagulation therapy only. Complete flattening of the retina was achieved in all eyes. Chorioretinal contact did not appear to be required in order for photocoagulation therapy to be effective. Although initially confined to rest, it was apparent that bed rest was not essential for the gradual absorption of subretinal fluid. Posterior vitreous detachments were present in all eyes. Although visual acuities were not greatly improved, subjective improvement was considered excellent in all cases. PMID- 7348829 TI - The effect of posterior pole xenon photocoagulation on peripheral vitreoretinal pathology. PMID- 7348830 TI - Bilateral endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis. AB - A case of successfully treated Aspergillus endophthalmitis is presented. Treatment consisted of wide vitrectomy. At the end of surgery, 5 micrograms of amphoteracin B were injected into the center of the vitreous cavity, and an additional .75 mg was given subconjunctivally both at surgery and on the second postoperative day, at which time 2 mg of dexamethasone were also given subjunctivally. Systemic antifungal agents were not used. After 2 1/2 months, the second eye developed a similar metastatic infection from heart value vegetation. This case illustrates that use of wide vitrectomy and intravitreous antifungal agents alone can cure Aspergillus endophthalmitis and preserve useful vision. PMID- 7348831 TI - Bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis. AB - A case of bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus urinary tract infection is presented. Systemic antibiotic therapy was used to treat the bilateral and endophthalmitis. Anterior chamber and vitreous aspirations as well as later enucleation of the fellow eye confirmed the diagnosis of S. aureus endophthalmitis. The case is most unusual in that the patient developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in one of the involved eyes. The detachment was successfully repaired, and the patient has maintained useful visual acuity. PMID- 7348832 TI - Postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to Candida parapsilosis. A case treated by vitrectomy and intravitreous therapy. AB - A 79-year-old woman developed Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis nine weeks after an uneventful cataract extraction. The diagnosis was suspected on clinical examination and documented by culture of the vitreous biopsy obtained during vitrectomy. The endophthalmitis was treated by pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreous injection of amphotericin B and dexamethasone. The patient was also treated with systemic flucytosine, to which the operative isolate proved resistant. This was therefore immediately discontinued; however, the intraocular infection cleared rapidly after the initial vitrectomy and intravitreous injection. The patient's visual acuity ultimately returned to 20/20. The combination of these two newer methods of treatment for fungal endophthalmitis achieved a favorable outcome in a disease process that has often previously wrought disaster. PMID- 7348833 TI - Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. A case report. PMID- 7348834 TI - Management of a circumferential fold following scleral buckling for a giant retinal tear. A case report. PMID- 7348835 TI - Vitreoretinal complications after metal-loop lenses. Case reports. PMID- 7348836 TI - Siderosis from a retained intraocular stone. AB - A penetrating intraocular stone caused a retinal detachment that was repaired successfully. The patient returned 18 months later with siderosis bulbi. The patient was followed by serial neurosensory tests for the next three years. The electro-oculogram (EOG) showed the greatest abnormality, while the electroretinogram (ERG) and dark adaptation, although initially affected, showed no further deterioration. Surgical procedures on this eye included linear extraction of the siderotic lens, anterior vitrectomy, and irrigation of a hyphema. Fluorescein angiogram revealed a siderotic deposit on the retina. Progressive visual field loss prompted removal of the stone foreign body by an eye-wall resection technique. Five years later vision was 20/30. While dark adaptation, EOG, and ERG remained stable, the visual fields showed progressive constriction. Fluorescein angiogram revealed pigment epithelial defects, cystoid macular edema, reduced peripheral circulation, and progressive clearing of the retinal iron deposits. PMID- 7348837 TI - The arrest of massive periretinal proliferation. A case report. PMID- 7348838 TI - Spontaneous retinal reattachment. PMID- 7348839 TI - Management of acute retinal detachment complicated by dense cataract. A case report. PMID- 7348840 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa and retinal detachment. A case report. PMID- 7348841 TI - The use of Healon in a case of rolled-over retina. AB - A retinal detachment with giant tear and rolled-over retina were repaired using pars plana vitrectomy techniques and intraocular Healon and air injection. Direct manipulation of the retina with instruments was not necessary during the procedure due to the apparent mechanical property of Healon. Although the giant tear was unrolled with Healon injection, revision of the scleral buckle and air injection was needed at a later date to permit final successful reattachment of the retina. The case report presented is intended to provide information concerning the surgeon's technique for the use of Healon in the management of a giant tear with rolled-over retina. PMID- 7348842 TI - Incidence of retinal detachments following extracapsular cataract extractions. A prospective study. AB - This is a preliminary report on a prospective study designed to determine the incidence of retinal detachment following planned extracapsular cataract extractions. The population consists of 454 eyes with a mean follow-up period of 23 months. The incidence of detachment is much lower than that reported for intracapsular extractions. The most significant finding to date is the importance of maintaining the posterior capsule and the vitreous face intact. The incidence of detachment when this is accomplished in normal eyes is 0.9%. The overall incidence of this complication in the entire series is 1.50%. The reported disadvantage of maintaining the posterior capsule is the 40% to 50% incidence of a secondary cataract. In this series, the incidence is 11%. The factors responsible for this low figure are enumerated. PMID- 7348843 TI - Long-term follow-up of ocular histoplasmosis treated by argon laser photocoagulation. AB - Sixty-eight eyes in 67 patients with a histoplasmic neovascular membrane treated with Argon laser photocoagulation between 1972 and 1978 are reviewed. Factors affecting visual outcome and causes of visual failure are discussed. Twenty of 68 eyes (nearly 30%) experienced a recurrent or new SRNVM after initially successful treatment. Final evaluation of Argon laser photocoagulation for histoplasmic neovascular membrane must await the outcome of the Macular Photocoagulation Study. PMID- 7348844 TI - Vitreous biopsy in uveitis of unknown cause. AB - We employed vitreous biopsy (needle aspiration and pars plana vitrectomy) in eight cases of patients with uveitis of unknown etiology. The results of cytological and culture analysis provided the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in one patient and ocular reticulum cell sarcoma in another patient. In six patients, no specific, treatable causative agents or conditions were identified. In two of these patients, however, various etiologic agents were ruled out, which provided a basis for excluding certain therapeutic options. Where chronic inflammatory cells were seen in the vitreous, the patients responded satisfactorily to conventional therapy; patients with acute or mixed acute and chronic inflammatory cells did less well. No complications resulted from the biopsy procedure. In cases of uveitis of unknown etiology, vitreous biopsy may provide identification of specific causative agents, as well as information useful for more precise histopathologic grouping of entities in this disease. PMID- 7348845 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy for asteroid hyalosis. AB - Asteroid hyalosis is a common, usually asymptomatic, benign vitreous disease affecting older individuals. A case report of an aphakic patient who developed anterior segment complications with no visualization of the fundus is presented. A pars plana anterior and posterior vitrectomy was performed using the Ocutome system. An excellent technical result with moderate restoration of vision was achieved. Preoperative evaluation with ultrasound was helpful. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of calcium-containing lipids. Other indications for vitrectomy for asteroid hyalosis include retinal detachments in which the tear cannot be seen and diabetic retinopathy in which laser cannot be performed. Differential diagnosis includes synchysis scintillans, which is usually bilateral and seen in younger individuals after severe ocular inflammation, trauma, or hemorrhage. PMID- 7348846 TI - Treatment of blood-induced glaucoma by trans pars plana vitrectomy. AB - Three patients are described who presented with blood-induced glaucoma. The cause of the vitreous hemorrhage was different for each patient, and included branch vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and cataract extraction. The clinical findings common to all three cases consisted of degenerated red blood cells in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity, a broken anterior vitreous face, open angles, and the absence of rubeosis iridis. Pars plana vitrectomy and anterior chamber irrigation resulted in normalization of intraocular pressure in each patient. PMID- 7348847 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy for ocular toxocariasis. PMID- 7348848 TI - Choroidal ischemia after extracapsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. AB - Three patients developed apparent choroidal ischemia after phacoemulsification. The outer half of the posterior retina appeared white after operation, with confluent lesions in the posterior pole and splotchy white areas in the midperiphery. The separate lesions appeared similar in pattern to the lobular division of the choriocapillaris, and the retinal vessels were not involved. The white lesions resolved in two to three weeks, leaving alterations in the pigment epithelium. Vision was transiently reduced in each eye but returned to a nearly normal level in two of three affected eyes, although paracentral scotomas persisted. In each case of phacoemulsification, the posterior lens capsule was either damaged or was removed. In all three cases, an investigational type of irrigating solution (BSS Plus) containing balanced salt, glutathione, and other constituents was used. Controlled ocular compression was performed before operation using a pneumatic device in two cases. However, the cause of retinal and choroidal damage now described was probably excessively elevated intraocular pressure during the operation. PMID- 7348849 TI - A hydrophilic acrylate implant for scleral buckling: technique and clinical experience. AB - A new hydrophilic acrylate implant developed for scleral buckling was used in 51 patients: as an accessory meridional piece under a solid silicone buckle in 25 and as a main buckling element in 26 (intrasclerally in 15 and episclerally in 11). Clinical observations six to 18 months after implantation showed the implants to be well tolerated in all cases. There was no infection, rejection, extrusion of the implant, or erosion of the eye coats. In two patients who had reoperations, smooth fibrous tissue encapsulating the implant including the scleral bed was present. Our observations indicate that this new material has all the characteristics of an ideal implant for scleral buckling. PMID- 7348850 TI - Pattern dystrophy of the pigment epithelium. PMID- 7348851 TI - Peripheral venous loop. PMID- 7348852 TI - Macular function in typical and reticular retinoschisis. AB - Fifty-three patients with typical and reticular degenerative retinoschisis were evaluated. They demonstrated a corrected visual acuity of 20/20 except when some independent and unrelated ophthalmic condition was present. With a special protocol of test procedures, macular function in nine degenerative retinoschisis patients was found not significantly different from macular function in nine control patients. Macular function prognosis associated with degenerative retinoschisis is favorable, and implications for differential diagnosis are presented. PMID- 7348853 TI - A histopathologic study of macular cysts and holes. AB - Forty-four eyes from 39 patients with either lamellar macular holes (17 eyes), full-thickness macular holes (18 eyes), and/or macular cysts (9 eyes) were studied histopathologically. Lamellar and full-thickness holes were frequently found in eyes with a history of trauma or ocular surgery. Diabetes mellitus was the most common condition associated with macular cysts. Four lamellar holes and four full-thickness holes occurred in eyes with senile macular degeneration. Six lamellar holes, eight full-thickness holes, and one macular cyst developed on an idiopathic basis. Residual cystoid macular edema was the most prevalent accompanying pathologic feature. Cystoid macular edema was also noted in the opposite eye in seven cases of lamellar and full-thickness holes. A preretinal glial membrane, thought to be a secondary change, was found at or near the edges of the lamellar or full-thickness holes or over the macular cyst in the majority of cases. Wrinkling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) was present in five cases. Vitreous traction, with or without an operculum, was infrequently associated with these entities. PMID- 7348854 TI - Biofeedback and stuttering. PMID- 7348855 TI - [The value of preparatory training of three and four year old infants by their parents before pediatric audiometry]. PMID- 7348856 TI - The acquisition of some dimensional adjectives by both normal and language impaired children. PMID- 7348857 TI - [A study of language problems in learning-disabled children]. PMID- 7348858 TI - The communicative performance of a severely hearing-imparied adolescent. PMID- 7348859 TI - Phonologically based assessment and intervention in spastic cerebral palsy: a case analysis. PMID- 7348860 TI - Vocal tract dynamics in an adult stutterer. PMID- 7348861 TI - Acceptance of deafness in deaf adolescents: a repertory grid study. PMID- 7348862 TI - An investigation of non-standard English syntax in 12-year old coloured children. PMID- 7348863 TI - The effect of intracranial pressure on the performance of an aphasic subject: a case history. PMID- 7348864 TI - The comprehension of deictic terms in normal and language impaired children. PMID- 7348865 TI - Stem cell research. PMID- 7348866 TI - Erythropoiesis in vitro. IV. Effects of ouabain on erythroid stem cells (CFU-e and BFU-e). AB - Recent investigations employing various ionophores and cardiac glycosides have detected an increase in the number of late-stage erythroid progenitor cells (CFU e) cultured from normal murine marrow. We report that the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, not only increased the number of erythroid progenitor cells, but also elevated the number of the earliest erythroid colony-forming cells (BFU-e). This rise in the number of erythroid stem cells was dose dependent with a maximum increase in erythroid colony numbers observed at 10(-15) M ouabain. Furthermore, ouabain exerted its stimulatory activity by increasing the proportion of erythroid colony-forming cells (BFU-e) in cell cycle as determined by 'thymidine suicide' experiments. The substitution of dialyzed fetal calf serum in the culture medium markedly inhibited the erythroid colony stimulation by ouabain. The deficient factor in dialyzed fetal calf serum appears to be K+, because the stimulatory influence of ouabain was restored upon reconstitution of the serum with K+. These studies suggest that ouabain-induced erythropoietic enhancement may involve mechanisms other than inhibition of membrane-bound Na+/K+ATPase. PMID- 7348867 TI - Immunological evidence for murine hematopoietic stem cell subpopulations differing in self-renewal capacity. AB - The present study provides evidence for a correlation between the brain associated stem cell antigen and the self-renewal capacity of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (spleen colony-forming units). A minor subpopulation of spleen colony-forming units which does not express the antigen exhibited a 3- to 4-fold greater self-renewal capacity while proliferating in both bone marrow and spleen compared to stem cells which express the antigen. This finding supports the 'generation-age' hypothesis for stem cell differentiation; according to this hypothesis, hematopoietic cells derive from a population of young stem cells which lack the antigen, exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, and are quiescent in cell cycle. PMID- 7348868 TI - Analysis of the cell cycle of late erythroid progenitor cells by sedimentation at unit gravity. AB - Approximately 70% of the late erythroid progenitor cells (E-CFU) which are present in normal bone marrow are killed by exposure to high specific activity tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) in vitro or to hydroxyurea in vivo, indicating that a high proportion of these cells synthesize DNA. Their cell cycle was further analyzed by sedimentation at unit gravity. The modal sedimentation rate of 7.4 mm/h appeared to correspond to the fraction that is killed by 3H-TdR. Cells sedimenting at 6.0 and 9.5 mm/h were not susceptible to kill by 3H-TdR and correspond to cells in, respectively, G1 and G2/M. Based on a buoyant density of 1.077 g/cm3, the modal diameter of cells in G1 was calculated to be 8.3 micron, in S 9.2 micron and in G2/M 10.5 micron. The E-CFU population appeared to be composed of about 18% G1 cells, about 70% S phase cells and about 12% G2/M cells. The surviving fraction of E-CFU 2 h after intraperitoneal administration of 1 g/kg hydroxyurea was identified as being mainly a synchronous population in early S phase. The data are best explained by a short duration of G1 and G2/M phases. PMID- 7348869 TI - Clonal nature of pluripotent hemopoietic precursors in vitro (CFU-mix). AB - Direct evidence is presented for the clonal nature of the mixed colonies from pluripotent hemopoietic precursors in vitro in adult murine marrow cells. Bone marrow cells from BDF1 mice were fractionated using the technique of velocity sedimentation according to Miller and Phillips to enrich the concentration of the mixed colony-forming units. After 3 h sedimentation, marrow cells in the 15th fraction were harvested and cultured using a methylcellulose culture assay. After 2 days of culture, dividing single cells were individually aspirated and transferred to fresh culture medium for mixed colonies using a Leitz micromanipulator. 92 macrophage-granulocyte colonies, 11 erythropoietic bursts, and 4 mixed colonies were detected in 358 single-cell culture experiments. The present results indicate that mixed colonies are clonal, and the mixed colony forming units are pluripotent. PMID- 7348870 TI - In vitro clonal assay for human metastatic melanoma cells. AB - An in vitro assay for clonogenic tumor cells was applied to human metastatic melanomas. Melanoma colony formation was observed in 22 of 33 samples obtained from a variety of involved tissues. The melanocytic tumor origin of colonies was established by serial observations by inverted light microscopy, staining of fixed colonies for melanin, and cytological and karyotypic analysis of cells within colonies. Two morphologically distinct types of colonies were identified, one consisting of light large cells and the second of dark small cells. Investigations of factors which modulate growth and differentiation of clonogenic melanoma cells may provide a clearer understanding of this neoplasm. PMID- 7348871 TI - Large-scale tissue culture for human IFN-beta production. PMID- 7348872 TI - Inhibitor(s) of virus replication (IVR) and localization of viruses in plants. AB - A substance(s) inhibiting virus replication (IVR) is released into the medium from tobacco mosaic virus-infected protoplasts of a cultivar in which the infection in the intact plant is localized. IVR inhibited virus replication in protoplasts from both resistant (Samsun NN) and susceptible (Samsun) plants, when applied up to 18 h after inoculation. It was not produced in protoplasts from susceptible plants or from noninoculated protoplasts of the resistant cultivar. IVR was partially purified using ZnAc2 precipitation, and yielded two biologically active principles with molecular weights of about 26,000 and 56,000 daltons. Preliminary results indicate that IVR inhibits replication of TMV and several other non-related viruses when applied to inoculated leaf disks. PMID- 7348873 TI - Purification and characterization of the HuIFN-alpha species. PMID- 7348874 TI - Sandwich type radioimmunoassay for human IFN-beta. PMID- 7348875 TI - Non-interferon cellular products capable of virus inhibition. PMID- 7348876 TI - [Body cavity effusions in the dog. (9) Clinico-diagnostic study with special reference to the cytology of the puncture fluids]. PMID- 7348877 TI - [Importation of foreign fishes and its consequences]. PMID- 7348878 TI - [A rapid practice-related determination of cholinesterase inhibitors]. PMID- 7348879 TI - [The concept of control of hospital infections]. PMID- 7348880 TI - [Veterinary tasks and procedures in sheep raising. 2. Diseases of lambs]. PMID- 7348881 TI - [Nematodes behind the 3d eyelid of a rosebreasted bearded parakeet (Psittacula alexandri)]. PMID- 7348882 TI - [Open avulsion fracture of the ischiatic tuber in a horse]. PMID- 7348883 TI - [Entrapment of the epiglottis in a 14-year-old Irish thoroughbred mare]. PMID- 7348884 TI - [Dying and pain, the sorrow of the creature]. PMID- 7348885 TI - [Individual and stock deworming of swine with flubendazole]. PMID- 7348886 TI - [Possible use of thick molasses liquor in broiler feed]. PMID- 7348887 TI - [Cytodiagnostic interpretation of local defense reactions in genital infections in the mare]. PMID- 7348888 TI - [Ear clipping in the dog]. PMID- 7348889 TI - [Stomach carcinoma in a collie]. PMID- 7348890 TI - [Drug residues in fishes]. PMID- 7348891 TI - [Laboratory diagnostic studies of Haflinger horses and mules (pack-animals of the Federal German Army). 1. Hematology]. PMID- 7348892 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 7348893 TI - [Liability of the animal owner]. PMID- 7348894 TI - [Xylazine/chloral hydrate in the calf?]. PMID- 7348895 TI - [Clinical aspect and pathology of hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis in geese]. PMID- 7348896 TI - [Size and subjective impression of markings on intact and cured horse hides]. PMID- 7348897 TI - [Displacement of the ascending colon into the spleen-kidney space in the horse (2). Hernia spatii lienorenalis coli ascendentis]. PMID- 7348898 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of various bone diseases in the dog]. PMID- 7348899 TI - [X-ray therapy of inflammatory diseases in the dog]. PMID- 7348900 TI - [Physiologic and pathologic puerperium in the bitch]. PMID- 7348901 TI - [Development and trends in slaughtering animal and meat inspection]. PMID- 7348902 TI - [Skin leukosis in cattle]. PMID- 7348903 TI - [Contagious ecthyma of sheep]. PMID- 7348904 TI - [Foot rot infection in mufflons]. PMID- 7348905 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis in the industrially productive swine breeding in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 7348906 TI - [Frequent skin lesions in cagebirds and their therapy]. PMID- 7348907 TI - [Hydrocele vaginalis testis in a stallion]. PMID- 7348908 TI - [Embryonic death and twin pregnancy in the horse]. PMID- 7348909 TI - [Displacement of the ascending colon into the spleen-kidney space in the horse (2). Hernia spatii lienorenalis coli ascendentis]. PMID- 7348911 TI - [Import of nonlocal fishes and its consequences]. PMID- 7348910 TI - [Colic in the horse (1)]. PMID- 7348912 TI - [Laboratory diagnostic studies of Haflinger horses and mules (pack-animals of the West German Army). 3. Substrates in serum]. PMID- 7348913 TI - ["The perineum incision verdict". Physician's liability to continuing professional education]. PMID- 7348914 TI - [The veterinarian's obligation to disclose the truth]. PMID- 7348915 TI - [Virus diseases in dogs and ats. New trends in the microbial spectrum and in treatment]. PMID- 7348916 TI - [Anal and rectal atresia in a seal]. PMID- 7348917 TI - [Computerized cranial tomography in children]. PMID- 7348918 TI - [Problems of residues from drug therapy]. PMID- 7348919 TI - [Central nervous system diseases in cattle. 2. Diseases in young and adult cattle]. PMID- 7348920 TI - [Christian votive tablets made from metal. A contribution to the history of theurgic medicine]. PMID- 7348921 TI - [Picture documentation of leukemia in domestic swine]. PMID- 7348922 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumorous diseases in chickens]. PMID- 7348923 TI - [Development and trends in the examination of slaughtering stock and meat. 2]. PMID- 7348924 TI - [Atresia of the interior opening of the nasolacrimal canal in a horse]. PMID- 7348925 TI - [Drug-induced injuries to health]. PMID- 7348926 TI - [Hazards due to environmental drugs. Environmental health in the service of human and animal health. 1. Principles of environmental health]. PMID- 7348927 TI - [Veterinary tasks and preventive measures in sheep breeding. 4. Fertility disorders and diseases of the urogenital organs in the ram]. PMID- 7348928 TI - [Blackfly infestation in parts of Hesse]. PMID- 7348929 TI - [Structured feed and fattening of calves]. PMID- 7348930 TI - [Importance of inorganic selenium for health, productivity and reproduction of swine]. PMID- 7348931 TI - [Immobilization of horses with drugs]. PMID- 7348932 TI - [Artificial insemination of the dog with special reference to estrus diagnosis]. PMID- 7348933 TI - [Diagnosis and control of frequent parasites in small experimental animals]. PMID- 7348934 TI - [New methods of sex determination in turtles]. PMID- 7348935 TI - [False indications for antibiotics]. PMID- 7348936 TI - [Hazards of environmental chemicals. Environmental health in the service of human and animal health. 2. Select examples of environmental chemicals]. PMID- 7348937 TI - [Veterinary tasks and preventive measures in sheep breeding. 5. Metabolic disorders]. PMID- 7348938 TI - [Causes of deficient insemination in cattle]. PMID- 7348939 TI - [Heat regulation and diseases caused by various factors in cattle stalls]. PMID- 7348940 TI - [Feeding of weaning piglets with evaporated liquor from molasses]. PMID- 7348941 TI - [Pregnancy tests in swine]. PMID- 7348942 TI - [Colic in the horse]. PMID- 7348943 TI - [Tumorous changes in the ear canal of the dog and cat]. PMID- 7348944 TI - [Pregnancy tests in the dog and cat]. PMID- 7348945 TI - [Diagnosis and control of common parasites in small experimental animals (2)]. PMID- 7348946 TI - [Maintenance and diseases of the camel]. PMID- 7348948 TI - [Food legislation--national and international]. PMID- 7348947 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis studies of Haflinger horses and mules (pack-animals of the Federal German Army). 4. Minerals and trace elements in blood and serum]. PMID- 7348949 TI - [Veterinary tasks and preventive measures in sheep breeding. 6. Poisoning]. PMID- 7348950 TI - [Brain injury in a large yellow head Amazon (parrot)]. PMID- 7348951 TI - [Experimental stressing of the duck with lead shot]. PMID- 7348952 TI - [Pregnancy tests in the horse]. PMID- 7348953 TI - [Malposition of the extremities in foals]. PMID- 7348954 TI - [Microcirculation and laminitis]. PMID- 7348955 TI - [Nutrient content of slaughtering products and the development of a supplemental feed for dogs]. PMID- 7348956 TI - [Radiation protection in small animal veterinary practice]. PMID- 7348957 TI - [Diagnosis of parvovirus infection in dogs]. PMID- 7348958 TI - [Hair follicle muscle leiomyoma in a boxer bitch]. PMID- 7348959 TI - [Accidents in the zoological garden]. PMID- 7348961 TI - [Sense and nonsense of abbreviations (SNoA)]. PMID- 7348960 TI - [Health and fertility disorders in dairy cattle. Clinico-chemical studies as auxiliary means in herd diagnosis (clarification of causes)]. PMID- 7348962 TI - The value of focus group research for social action programs. PMID- 7348963 TI - Focus group and survey research on family planning in Mexico. PMID- 7348964 TI - Family planning attitudes in urban Indonesia: findings from focus group research. PMID- 7348965 TI - Conducting focus group sessions. PMID- 7348966 TI - A critique of focus group and survey research: the machismo case. PMID- 7348967 TI - Transactions of the American Neurological Association. 1980. Presidential address. PMID- 7348968 TI - Selective necrosis in the central nervous system--histopathologic observations in the macaque monkey following transient focal cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7348969 TI - Symposium on cerebrovascular disease in honor of C. Miller Fisher. PMID- 7348970 TI - Local metabolic responses in brain accompanying motor activity. PMID- 7348971 TI - Recovery from the locked-in syndrome. PMID- 7348972 TI - Experimental hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus worsen stroke outcome. PMID- 7348973 TI - Symposium on pituitary tumors. PMID- 7348975 TI - Hydrocephalus in walking problems of the elderly. PMID- 7348974 TI - Ischemic brain edema requires tissue necrosis. PMID- 7348976 TI - Delayed high-iodine-dose contrast CT: cranial neoplasms. PMID- 7348977 TI - CT metrizamide myelography in syringomyelia. PMID- 7348978 TI - Relief of chronic, intractable sciatica by dorsal root ganglionectomy. PMID- 7348979 TI - Histological characteristics and biological behavior of oligodendrogliomas. PMID- 7348980 TI - Association with autoimmune diseases and cellular immune response to the neuritogenic protein in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7348981 TI - Experimental pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. PMID- 7348982 TI - Iris pigmentation (melanin) in segmental dystonic syndromes including torticollis. PMID- 7348983 TI - The tegmental mechanism for conjugate eye movement. PMID- 7348984 TI - Daytime polysomnogram diagnosis of sleep apnea. PMID- 7348985 TI - Sleep duration, sleep stages and waking time are related to circadian phase in young and older men during nonentrained conditions. PMID- 7348986 TI - Sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome associated with acquired nonprogressive dysautonomia. PMID- 7348987 TI - Focal seizures inhibit brain protein synthesis. PMID- 7348988 TI - Clinical aspects of status epilepticus in an unselected urban population. PMID- 7348989 TI - The removal of sedative-hypnotic antiepileptic drugs from the regimens of patients with intractable epilepsy. PMID- 7348990 TI - Symposium on surgical treatment for epilepsy. PMID- 7348991 TI - Presidential address, 1981. PMID- 7348992 TI - Multidimensional Assessment of Dementia: a means of revealing distinctive clinical patterns. PMID- 7348993 TI - The natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a caveat for therapeutic trials. PMID- 7348995 TI - Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency: a new cause of recurrent myoglobinuria. PMID- 7348994 TI - Treatment of myopathic carnitine deficiency: quantitation of response to prednisone and carnitine. PMID- 7348996 TI - Myasthenia gravis in children: long-term follow-up. PMID- 7348997 TI - On the mechanism of pathogenesis of human myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7348998 TI - Juvenile spinal muscular atrophy--a new hexosaminidase deficiency phenotype. PMID- 7348999 TI - Prevalence and clinical features of dementia in a biracial U.S. population: neuroepidemiological study of a county in rural Mississippi. PMID- 7349000 TI - The incidence of systemic venous thrombosis and the risk of anticoagulation in patients with malignant gliomas. PMID- 7349001 TI - An in vivo model for imaging forebrain dopamine systems in humans. PMID- 7349002 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization in slow-wave sleep. PMID- 7349003 TI - The origin of porencephaly as demonstrated by sector scan. PMID- 7349004 TI - Rhythmic involuntary movement as a manifestation of transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7349005 TI - Proton NMR imaging in experimental ischemic cerebral infarction. PMID- 7349006 TI - Familial periodic ataxia. PMID- 7349007 TI - Hypothesis: membrane phospholipid degradation and polyunsaturated fatty acids play a key role in the pathogenesis of brain edema. PMID- 7349008 TI - [Tumors of the sellar region and the cavernous sinus. Evaluation of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic orientation]. AB - Two cases of infrequently seen tumors of the cavernous sinus and the clivus regions are presented. One of them was a chordoma and the other, a myeloma, and both were approached by the transphenoidal route. The clinical picture and the diagnostic procedures are reviewed, and the several surgical approaches to these regions are discussed. These regional processes should be submitted to a precise radiological evaluation: plain skull films, conventional tomography, arteriography, and computerized tomography scan, in order to establish their origin and their extension, and also to determine the proper approach. The authors conclude that all these regional tumors must be operated on, and that the transphenoidal approach is the most effective. This approach is extradural, well known through the experience brought about by the pituitary surgery, and with a low morbi-mortality rate. PMID- 7349009 TI - Biomechanics of vascular occlusion in neurosurgery. AB - Principle factors involved in effective vascular occlusion were identified and incorporated into a computer program designed to calculate the minimal occlusion force (MOF) in accordance with a modified version of Laplace's law. In vivo, the carotid arteries of 14 guinea pigs were occluded for one hour at an experimentally determined MOF or MOF + 50. A good correlation was found between the computed MOF and the experimentally determined MOF. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of the endothelium of the occluded vessels revealed extensive damage with forces greater than the MOF. PMID- 7349010 TI - Reading, writing and drawing disorder due to right brain damage. AB - The author studies the written language in a series of right-handed patients with a right side cerebral lesion. Reduplications and omission of strokes and of letters are noted on writing. The cause of these disorders is attributed by the author to an impairment of visual and kinesthetic control of the act of writing, and not to a truly aphasic alteration. This impairment is part of a more general deficit, namely a distorted interpretation of spatial data. The author proposes to call this writing disorder afferent dysgraphia. PMID- 7349011 TI - [Russell syndrome. Report of a case]. AB - A child who presented the typical features of the diencephalic syndrome of Russell is presented. The authors stress the importance of ruling out a diencephalic neoplasm in all infants who present failure to thrive. The appearance of symptoms related to diencephalic syndromes of older children such as obesity, sexual precocity in later stages of syndrome of Russell is discussed. PMID- 7349012 TI - [Contribution to the clinico-psychologic study of epileptic disorders in a psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 7349013 TI - [Differential clinical and sociological variables in chronic schizophrenics with short and prolonged hospital stays]. PMID- 7349014 TI - [Social contact by means of the Rorschach test: analysis of variance]. PMID- 7349015 TI - [Ecological approach to the emotions (biorhythms and emotions)]. PMID- 7349016 TI - [Diseases of natives. IV]. PMID- 7349017 TI - Kinematic analysis of the course of the M. papillaris contraction of the dog in vitro. PMID- 7349018 TI - A suitable combined method for depicting cerebral vascular lesions. I. Procedure. PMID- 7349020 TI - Significance of cell migration for the growth of chick embryo wing bud. PMID- 7349019 TI - Treatment of cholesteatoma of the ear in children as related to auditory function. PMID- 7349021 TI - Reticular, rubral and spinal afferents to the trigemino-facial motoneurons. An experimental study using the silver impregnation technique in the rat. PMID- 7349022 TI - Neocortical association projections of the cat. II. Parietal lobe. PMID- 7349023 TI - Neocortical association projections of the cat. III. Temporal lobe. PMID- 7349024 TI - Pathology and therapy of chest injuries. PMID- 7349025 TI - Presence of helper or suppressor factors to IgE synthesis in the serum of atopic and non atopic individuals. AB - IgE synthesis was studied in cultures of human blood mononuclear cells. A technical procedure described by Gleich and further modified by Buckley was applied. Cells from atopic and non atopic individuals were cultured in the presence of either fetal calf serum, homologous serum or autologous serum. Timothy pollen antigen extract to which the atopic individuals were shown to be highly sensitive was also added in aliquot cultures. The results are as follows: Cells from atopic patients were shown to produce more IgE in vitro following contact with their corresponding serum, as compared to fetal calf serum. In those cell populations, the culture in the presence of serum from non-atopic individuals dramatically reduced the amount of newly formed IgE. To a lesser extent, the reverse could be observed, i.e. an increased amount of IgE was produced by cells from non-atopic individuals in the presence of serum from atopics. The addition of the specific antigen failed to quantitatively modify the IgE production capacity of cells from atopics. There was no quantitative correlation between the RAST tests and the amount of newly produced IgE in the supernatants. These results suggest the presence of enhancing and suppressing factors modulating the IgE synthesis in vitro in serum from atopic and non-atopic individuals. PMID- 7349026 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps: are the polyps of allergic origin?]. PMID- 7349027 TI - The immunologic response to tobacco antigens in smokers. IV. Effect of heparin, aspirin, promethazine and prednisone. AB - The effects of heparin, aspirin, promethazine and prednisone on late skin reactions, provoked by tobacco extracts were studied in four groups of 17 patients with coronary artery disease. In all patients, intracutaneous tests were made with four different tobacco preparations, both on the first day of their hospitalisation and after 14 days of therapy. It was found that strongly positive late skin reactions with tobacco extracts were decreased or suppressed in patients taking heparin and in patients taking prednisone, but not in those who were treated with promethazine or with aspirin. This seems to confirm the hypothesis that these reactions are really provoked by a local type III allergy to tobacco antigens. PMID- 7349028 TI - Allergy to cockroach antigens in asthmatic patients. AB - Cockroach allergy was investigated in a group of 56 patients with atopic bronchial asthma (37 men and 19 women with ages ranging from 16 to 65) all allergic to house dust antigen. In all patients, both intracutaneous tests and bronchial provocation tests were performed with cockroach antigen prepared from the species most common in Poland, Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis. Positive skin reactions to cockroach antigen were found in 17 patients while an immediate bronchoconstrictive response was noted in 11. In the authors opinion, cockroach antigens may be partly responsible for the antigenic properties of house dust and may play a causative role in some cases of atopic asthma. PMID- 7349029 TI - Immune complexes in epidemic (type A) hepatitis. Detection by three methods using laser nephelometry. AB - Thirty-eight children with acute epidemic hepatitis (Type A) and 22 children in "contact" with the disease, 5 of whom subsequently developed hepatitis, were studied. Three technics based on laser ray nephelometry were employed to investigate the presence of circulating immune complexes. Our results indicated that circulating immune complexes are present in the serum during the course of epidemic hepatitis. These were demonstrated in 79% of the patients. The capacity to fix complement diminishes as the disease evolves toward the convalescent phase. We also detected a similar percentage of immune complexes (80%) in the patients during the incubation period. In the subjects in "contact" with the disease who subsequently did not develop hepatitis, the immune complexes were shown to have a greater capacity to fix complement, and the percentage of immune complexes present was higher (94%). The specificity of the immune complexes was verified by correlating the antivirus A antibody activity with the percentage of C4 in the precipitates obtained by polyethylene glycol (3.5%). PMID- 7349030 TI - The effect of alcoholism on the lymphocyte populations and prognosis of chronic active hepatitis. AB - The effect of alcohol ingestion on the prognosis of chronic liver diseases was studied'n. Among 880 patients with chronic liver diseases the percentage of alcoholics was high, 33%, compared to 3.2% in the control group. The period of survival time is decreased by one half in patients with regular alcohol ingestion. According to 'in vitro' investigations they report that in chronic active hepatitis the low Et-rosette forming cell number is further decreased after incubation with alcohol, and ethanol inhibits the immune-stimulating effects of levamisole on Ett-rosette forming cells. PMID- 7349031 TI - Relationship between lung cancer and distance of residence from nonferrous smelter stack effluent. AB - Because of a reported association between residence in counties with nonferrous smelters and increased risk of lung cancer, we studied the relationship between distance of residence from nonferrous smelters and lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer and patients with other cancers not known to be associated with smelter effluent (breast, prostate, and colon) were compared. All patients lived within a 20-kilometer radius around one of 10 nonferrous smelters in five western states during 1970-1977. Data were obtained from cancer registries or death certificates and were examined separately for each area. Addresses at the time of diagnosis or death were plotted on U.S. Geological Survey maps to calculate distance from each smelter. The distribution of lung cancer near the smelters was not significantly different from the distribution of control cancers in any of the areas studied. PMID- 7349032 TI - Arsenic exposure in a copper smelter as related to histological type of lung cancer. AB - Tissue samples from lung cancer patients who had worked at a copper smelter and from controls were collected and classified by a panel of pathologists: 38% of the cancers were found to be adenocarcinomas, compared to 12% among the controls, a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05). The predominance of adenocarcinomas was associated with arsenic exposure. This finding is not consistent with Kreyberg's hypothesis that small-cell undifferentiated and epidermoid carcinomas are the only type that increase in response to inhaled carcinogens [1962]. PMID- 7349033 TI - Influence of arsenic exposure and smoking on lung cancer among smelter workers: a pilot study. AB - A pilot study of 300 smelter workers from the cohort reported by Lee and Fraumeni [1969] has been studied: 150 men from their heavy exposure group and 150 men from the rest of the cohort randomly selected. Usable smoking habits were obtained from 86% of the sample. Estimates of the total lifetime work exposure were made from available measurements. A very high risk of lung cancer (SMR 1429) was observed among the most heavily exposed workers. Excess risks, though still present, were much less in those with lower exposures. There was a lower proportion of nonsmokers among the heavily exposed arsenic workers than among the other workers. This suggests that there may be some interaction between smoking and arsenic exposure. Moreover, comparison of smoking habits reported by smelter workers suggested that, as a group, they smoked more heavily than average for the United States population. A small study of proxy smoking histories suggested that these were valid and unbiased. The work continues on an enlarged sample. PMID- 7349034 TI - Lipoid pneumonia caused by oil mist exposure from a steel rolling tandem mill. AB - Five of nine active tandem mill operators exposed at work to aerosolized hydrocarbon mist were referred for evaluation of respiratory complaints. The worker with the longest exposure had reduced lung volumes; he was admitted to the hospital for detailed study. Exercise studies revealed work load limited by ventilation and arterial oxygen desaturation. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy revealed evidence of lipoid pneumonia. Assessment of the mill revealed levels of respirable oil mist by personal samplers throughout the area far below the currently accepted standard of 5 mg/M3. These findings confirm a 20-year-old hypothesis of J.G. Jones regarding the hazard of oil mist in this industrial setting. PMID- 7349035 TI - A carcinogenic bioassay of certain roofing materials. AB - The carcinogenic potentials of certain present day roofing materials and dust produced during the removal of an old coal tar pitch roof were evaluated using a mouse skin bioassay. Traditional coal tar pitch and dust from removal of an old roof were significantly more carcinogenic than coal derived roofing bitumen, but all were strongly carcinogenic. The benzo(a)pyrene concentration of these materials ranged from 0.064 to 0.08%, but each was significantly more carcinogenic than 0.1% benzo(a)pyrene alone. No tumors were produced by the application of petroleum derived roofing asphalt. PMID- 7349036 TI - Lead exposure of welders and bystanders in a ship repair yard. AB - Blood samples were collected from 126 long-term ship repair workers and 42 retirees. Lead concentrations were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three groups with different degrees of lead exposure were identified: (1) 59 welders, burners, and combination men (median blood lead, 39 micrograms/100 ml); (2) 67 painters, laborers, shipfitters, riggers, and other ship repair workers (median blood lead, 26 micrograms/100 ml); and (3) 42 retired welders, painters, and shipfitters (median blood lead, 23 micrograms/100 ml). Thirty active ship repair workers, including 28 welders and burners, had blood lead concentrations above the OSHA "action level" of 40 micrograms/100 ml. Increased levels in several men without direct exposures to lead were apparently caused by "bystander's exposure." In the retirees, blood lead levels decreased with increasing length of retirement. Thus, after eight or more years, the average level was below 20 micrograms/100 ml. PMID- 7349037 TI - Asbestos-related diseases in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - Until recently, in the Federal Republic of Germany there has been a lack of epidemiological data on asbestos-related tumors. Only the numbers of occupational diseases accepted for compensation by the German industrial injuries insurance institutes (Berufsgenossenschaften) can be stated. These show, for 1979, 94 cases of asbestosis, 21 cases of asbestosis associated with lung cancer, and 34 cases of mesothelioma. Since 1972 employees exposed to asbestos dust have been included in a central register by the industrial injuries insurance institutes and are medically examined periodically. By December 31, 1979, 28,476 persons were registered. Of those, 6,582 were still being followed medically, although they were no longer working with asbestos dust exposure. In January 1, 1977, a prospective epidemiological study was started with these people who were formerly exposed to asbestos dust. Up to December 31, 1980, altogether 2,944 people were enrolled in the study. Besides several other enrollment criteria, the individual's permission was required to evaluate his personal data. Of the people enrolled, 85 had died by December 31, 1980. Even if five questionable cases of lung cancer are excluded (n = 80), the observed rates of about 43% tumours of all sites, with 15% lung cancer and 6% mesothelioma, seem to be comparable to the international epidemiological mortality pattern. PMID- 7349038 TI - Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry. AB - Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood. PMID- 7349039 TI - Screening for occupational health hazards in the rubber industry. Part I. AB - Multiphasic health testing (MHT) is often offered to populations of workers usually with the objective of identifying individuals who may be ill. Results are typically not analyzed in relation to estimates of workplace exposure. We describe the results of combining MHT with industrial hygiene assessment of workplace exposures as a method of identifying possible health hazards rather than merely potentially ill individuals. MHT was offered to all production and maintenance workers employed at a tire manufacturing plant. Of 954, 744 participated. We measured worker exposure to respirable particulates, solvent vapor, and noise. We computed the frequency of positive screens among workers classified by exposure and compared these frequencies with expected values adjusted for confounding variables including age, sex, race, and smoking and drinking habits. Workers exposed to higher concentrations of respirable particulates exhibited signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity. Workers exposed to emissions from heated, uncured rubber undergoing plastic deformation reported chest tightness on return to work. We conclude that combining MHT with assessment of workplace exposure is a valid method for identifying possible occupational health hazards. PMID- 7349040 TI - Screening for occupational health hazards in the rubber industry. Part II: health hazards in the curing department. AB - Multiphasic health testing was provided to 744 rubber workers at a tire manufacturing plant. Sixty-two white males from this population had worked longest in the curing department. Personal exposure to respirable particulates was measured for curing press operators. Outcome on screening tests for curing workers was compared with that of 280 white males at this same plant who had never worked in departments known to include jobs where they could have been exposed to respiratory health hazards. Employment in the curing department is associated with shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheeze, loss of FEV-1 and FVC, decline of FEV-1/FVC, and tingling and numbness in the extremities. These associations are stronger with increased duration of employment in the curing department. This paper further demonstrates the potential for using multiphasic health testing combined with measurements of workplace exposure for identifying occupational health hazards. PMID- 7349041 TI - Attempts to demonstrate short-term metabolic effects of vinyl chloride in normal rat liver. AB - The present study examines whether VCM or one of its metabolites, chloracetaldehyde, has a short-term effect on cell metabolism. ATP, ADP, and AMP levels were measured in regenerating rat liver after 4 and 16 hours. No change in the levels of these nucleotides was evident after i.v. injection of VCM immediately after partial hepatectomy. A second technique, that of measuring transmembrane potentials with microelectrodes, was applied both to cells in rat liver slices and pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The addition of VCM and chloracetaldehyde with the electrodes in position in rat liver slices had no significant effect on transmembrane potentials. The same was true for a series of measurements on macrophages before and after addition of the test chemicals. It therefore appears that VCM does not alter general cell metabolism but could act on a specific intracellular target. PMID- 7349042 TI - Toxic effects of lead impurities found in aluminum factories. AB - A study of workers exposed to low levels of lead as impurities in aluminum (as low as 0.07%) shows a statistically significant difference in blood and urine lead levels as compared with a control group. In addition, alterations in precursors of heme were demonstrated as reflected in elevated levels of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid and erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX. This study has implications for workers who are exposed to metals with low concentrations of lead (less than 1%) since this exposure tends to go unnoticed both by the workers, even when symptoms are present, and by physicians who ignore or discard signs of lead intoxication because they relate the occupational exposure of the workers to other metals, not directly to lead. PMID- 7349043 TI - Hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation in asbestosis: study of 16 cases. AB - Pulmonary circulation hemodynamics was studied by microcatheterization at rest and during exercise in 16 workers with asbestosis. There was pulmonary arterial hypertension owing to increased total pulmonary resistance even in the early stages of pneumoconiosis, sometimes without impairment of lung function. In two cases, a partial reduction in pulmonary hypertension and total pulmonary resistance was obtained with aminophylline. The pathogenesis of pulmonary circulation impairment has been attributed in previous work to periarteriolar fibrosis originating in the lymphatic vessels, until now insufficiently emphasized as the anatomical basis of these physiological alterations. PMID- 7349044 TI - Effects of vanadium on immunologic functions. AB - Exposure of mice to vanadium caused a dose-related but nonsignificant decrease in the antibody-forming cells in the spleen of animals challenged with sheep erythrocytes. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction was not affected in similarly sensitized animals. Serum immunoglobulins were also not altered by the vanadium treatment. Splenic lymphocytes obtained at 1, 4, 8 and 13 wk of exposure to 0, 1, 10, and 50 mg of vanadium per liter of drinking water showed an increased DNA synthesis related to vanadium treatment when cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen but not with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Addition of vanadium to splenic cultures in vitro caused a marked enhancement of lymphocyte transformation at low concentrations, whereas a decreased cellular proliferation was observed at high concentrations of vanadium. PMID- 7349045 TI - Anuria and acute renal failure in a 61-year-old woman. PMID- 7349046 TI - Isolated systolic hypertension: a fading myth. PMID- 7349047 TI - Rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure in patients with phencyclidine intoxication. AB - Rhabdomyolysis occurred in 25 of 1,000 patients (2.5%) with phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. 10 of these 25 patients (40%) developed acute renal failure and another 7 had mild impairment in renal function. Marked hyperuricemia was present in all 17 patients, and marked hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia were noted in the 10 patients with acute renal failure; 3 of the latter developed hypercalcemia during the diuretic phase of the illness. Fever, tachycardia and hypertension were frequent findings among the 25 patients with rhabdomyolysis and all had leukocytosis. The data show that rhabdomyolysis with and without acute renal failure is not infrequent among abusers of PCP. PMID- 7349048 TI - Newer modifications of peritoneal dialysis: options in the treatment of patients with renal failure. AB - Experience with peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of 69 patients suffering from renal failure is reported. Chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis (CIPD) was used in 49 patients, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 34 patients. CAPD was well accepted by patients, and resulted in maintenance of laboratory parameters in a range similar to that achieved by hemodialysis and by CIPD. However, peritonitis occurred with a higher incidence in CAPD (one per 7.2 patient-months) than in CIPD (one per 19.2 patient-months). All episodes of peritonitis were caused by only 40% of the patients, and in CAPD, patients who developed peritonitis in the first 4 weeks of treatment were the most likely to develop repeat episodes. An organism was identified in 81% of cases, of which 50% were due to Staphylococcus, 16% due to Streptococcus, 5% due to Candida and the remaining 29% were due to gram-negative organisms. In addition to CAPD, we introduced an automated modification of prolonged-dwell peritoneal dialysis (PDPD) that is applicable to a larger number of patients. In 11 patients PDPD proved comparable to CAPD in ameliorating the laboratory parameters measured, but was associated with lower incidence of peritonitis (one per 18.2 patient-months). PMID- 7349049 TI - Primary necrotizing arteritis of the main renal artery presenting as accelerated renovascular hypertension. AB - Presented is a unique case of accelerated hypertension in a 26-year-old black man. Clinically, the patient was found to have a left renal artery lesion and lateralizing renal vein renins. At surgery, a stenosing lesion was found in the artery supplying the upper pole of the left kidney. This was caused by a densely fibrotic mass involving the main renal artery. Microscopy revealed a necrotizing arteritis with no other arteries involved. This case of primary necrotizing arteritis of the main renal artery appears to represent a new entity because of its pathological and clinical differences with the known forms of large vessel arteritis. It is possible that this may represent a particularly acute and necrotizing stage of Takayasu's aortitis, or an extremely rare case of classical periarteritis nodosa confined solely to the main renal artery. The renin tissue assays document the hyperreninemia produced by arterial stenosis. The differential diagnosis of the lesion is considered, and the pathophysiology of hypertension due to large vessel arteritis is discussed. PMID- 7349050 TI - Absence of renal sodium adaptation in chronic renal failure. AB - A patient with advanced chronic renal failure secondary to polycystic kidney disease suffered an episode of volume contraction during which his urinary sodium concentration fell to less than 5 mEq daily. Urine sodium excretion remained at this level when later in his course he became clinically volume expanded. The patient also suffered from Crohn's disease and had an ileostomy from which he excreted from 100 to 150 mEq sodium daily. We propose that this patient's capacity to produce urine virtually free of sodium despite advanced renal failure was a result of the persistent loss of sodium from his ileostomy. This sodium loss obviated the development of the adaptive natriuresis that usually occurs in the functioning nephrons of the diseased kidney and prevented the development of a 'salt-losing' tendency. PMID- 7349051 TI - Systemic calciphylaxis revisited. AB - A syndrome characterized by rapidly progressive ischemic necrosis involving large areas of the skin and muscle, and by peripheral gangrene associated with extensive vascular calcifications was observed in a patient with end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis. In an effort to control the disease, parathyroidectomy was performed which resulted in rapid improvement of tissue perfusion. However, the patient eventually died from sepsis within 2 months after admission. This case presents the typical features of the syndrome of systemic calciphylaxis. The literature is reviewed searching for similar cases of this poorly recognized, but life-threatening, clinical syndrome. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapy of this unusual and rapidly progressive, but potentially reversible, condition are reviewed with emphasis on its prompt recognition and appropriate management. PMID- 7349052 TI - Quiz of the month. Question 1. Renal angiomyolipoma. PMID- 7349053 TI - Quiz of the month. Question 2. Mixed metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. PMID- 7349054 TI - Is membranous nephropathy treatable? PMID- 7349055 TI - Evolution of mesangial IgM nephropathy into focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 7349056 TI - [Ultrastructure studies of the granulation tissue in patients with scleroma of the respiratory tract. I]. PMID- 7349057 TI - [Current radiodiagnosis of the stomach]. PMID- 7349058 TI - [New carbamidobenzoxazoline-2 derivatives]. PMID- 7349059 TI - [Solubilizers of erythromycin A cyclic carbonate L-aspartate]. PMID- 7349060 TI - [Chemical synthesis of erythromycin A cyclic carbonate L-aspartate tablets]. PMID- 7349061 TI - [Complex-forming properties of aldehyde and acyl derivatives of thiazolone-2 hydrazone and 2-imino-3-amino-4-thiazoline. I. Study of the reactions of [4 methyl-thiazolidene-(2)]-hydrazones of acetic-, benzo-, nicotinic, and isonicotinic aldehyde with metal ions]. PMID- 7349062 TI - [Study and kinetic evaluation of the cooling effect of ointments]. PMID- 7349063 TI - [Basophil count in various skin diseases]. PMID- 7349064 TI - [Effects of ointment bases on the rate of cortisone acetate release]. PMID- 7349065 TI - [Comparative analysis of proteins of wheat, rye and 2 varieties of Triticale T 275 and T-294. IV. Amino acid composition of gliadins and glutenins]. PMID- 7349066 TI - [Comparative analysis of proteins of wheat, rye and 2 varieties of Triticale T 275 and T-294. V. Physicochemical and biological properties of gliadins and glutenins]. PMID- 7349067 TI - [A release of prednisolone from ointments prepared with different bases]. PMID- 7349068 TI - [In vitro study of aminophylline release from anal suppositories]. PMID- 7349069 TI - [Taste threshold in an urban population]. PMID- 7349070 TI - [Ultrastructure of rat seminal vesicles in chronic Cyncotox poisoning]. PMID- 7349071 TI - [Effect of acute 2,4-D poisoning on the process of eosinophil hematopoiesis]. PMID- 7349072 TI - [The incorporation of amino acids into brain mitochondrial proteins in vitro]. PMID- 7349073 TI - [Binding of bromfenvinphos-C-14 with rat and dog serum proteins]. PMID- 7349074 TI - [Morphological studies on the protective effect of small doses of carbon tetrachloride on the rat liver]. PMID- 7349075 TI - An evaluation of the generative and hormonal functions of the male gonad in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7349077 TI - [Semantics of the round shadows in the lungs]. PMID- 7349076 TI - [Analysis of the mortality of patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders treated at the Lublin Neurological Clinic 1966-1975]. PMID- 7349078 TI - [Emergency surgery in traumatic injuries of abdominal organs and subsequent complications]. PMID- 7349079 TI - [Our personal cases of pancreatic injuries]. PMID- 7349080 TI - [Results of the extra-articular fixation of femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 7349081 TI - [Morphology of the stomach of Cercopithecus aethiops]. PMID- 7349082 TI - [Effect of uterine contraction on blood glucose pyruvic acid and lactic acid concentrations in the 3d trimester of pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 7349083 TI - [Estimation of kidney size in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349084 TI - [Effect of (2-hydroxyethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (choline chloride - CC) on the resorption and excretion of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) in rats]. PMID- 7349085 TI - [Results of the removal of visceral peritoneal fragments from the digestive tract of rats]. PMID- 7349086 TI - [Quality of hospital nursing care. I]. PMID- 7349087 TI - [Quality of hospital nursing care. II]. PMID- 7349088 TI - [Serum free amino acid levels in various liver diseases]. PMID- 7349089 TI - [Immunoglobulins G, A and M in the blood of patients with hepatitis A and B]. PMID- 7349090 TI - [Immunoglobulins A, G and M in acute viral hepatitis and during the follow-up period]. PMID- 7349091 TI - Influence of aspirin and/or anabolic steroid (nandrolone decanoate) on experimental metastasis formation. AB - The influence on transpulmonary passage by an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, aspirin, and/or anabolic steroid, (Nandrolone decanoate), was investigated in syngeneic CBA mice. An increase of extrapulmonary metastases was used as a measure of increased redistribution of tumor cells from lungs to other organs. Aspirin alone did not reduce metastasis formation in lungs and did not significantly increase transpulmonary passage of tumor cells. The anabolic steroid increased the metastasis crop only in the lungs. However, treatment with the two compounds together increased the metastases in lungs and extrapulmonary organs. The results disclosed that in this system inhibition of platelet aggregation did not reduce metastasis formation but in combination with another drug, an anabolic steroid, it increased the number of experimental metastases. PMID- 7349092 TI - Effects of combined treatment of L1210 leukemia with adriamycin and pustulan. AB - The development of L1210 leukemia transplanted i.v. into CDF1 or BDF1 mice was not affected by pustulan. However, pustulan combined with adriamycin improved the final antitumor effect. The potentiation of the antitumor action was observed when the pustulan administration preceded by 15-8 days the adriamycin injection. The results indicated that the antitumor activity of the pustulan and adriamycin combination was proportional in a range of adriamycin doses (5-10 mg/kg) to the activity of adriamycin by itself. The enhanced tumor-inhibitory effect was accompanied by severe toxicity. Hence, the combination of pustulan with high doses of adriamycin i.e., 20 mg/kg, did not give further prolongation of the survival time of mice over that produced by adriamycin alone. The same relationships were observed when low (10(2) cells and high (10(6) cells) inocula of L1210 cells were grafted into both CDF1 and BDF1 mice. PMID- 7349094 TI - Immunological and biochemical findings in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - Fifteen cases of PCT were followed up during 1-4 years after the chloroquine treatment with 250 mg daily for 5 days. Clinical improvement was noted in 10 patients, and in 7 there was a full remission. The levels of uroporphyrins in the urine did not correlate with the clinical response whereas characteristic immunopathological findings in the skin became negative in six. The immunofluorescence tests on the skin biopsies of patients with PCT may be not only of supplementary significance for the diagnosis, but also in the evaluation of the course of the disease and the effects of the chloroquine treatment. PMID- 7349093 TI - Preliminary evaluation of immunotherapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - The clinical course of 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease in the stage of remission was evaluated. The material consisted of two groups of patients: 1. submitted to immunotherapy and 2. control group. In 16 cases immunostimulation was performed with BCG vaccine, including four cases treated with BCG vaccine and levamisole and 3 patients were given levamisole only. In some patients, immunotherapy restored normal immunologic reactivity, as shown by the reversion of negative tests of delayed hypersensitivity. In all patients treated with levamisole caused normal blastic transformation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. In the group of patients treated with immunotherapy relapses of malignant lymphogranulomatosis were observed in 10.6% of cases, and in the control group- in 15.7%. The patients of both groups remain under continuous clinical surveillance. PMID- 7349095 TI - Plasmapheresis as a supplementary treatment in pemphigus. AB - Four cases with pemphigus 3 p. vulgaris and one p. foliaceus were treated with plasmapheresis. The volume of plasma exchange was 500-800 ml once a week for 6 weeks. In one patient the procedure was repeated four times, within 8 months. All patients were treated with prednisone and azathioprine or cyclophosphamide at the same time, but in lower dosages. The results were satisfactory and the remission after the treatment lasted for 11 months to 2 years. PMID- 7349096 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the thymus in mice. AB - A histologic and morphometric evaluation of weight of the thymus and content of Fc and C3 lymphocytes after a single dose of 300 mg cyclophosphamide per kg body weight in mice of the Swiss strain revealed a drop in the weight of the thymus and morphologic changes, manifested by elimination of lymphocytes from the cortical part of the thymus, followed by return to normal of the weight of the thymus and at the same time a rise in percentages of Fc and C3 receptor lymphocytes. PMID- 7349097 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on spleen lymphocytes in mice. AB - The experiments were carried out in the following groups of Swiss mice: 1. after administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg); 2. after i.v. injection of sheep red blood cells (4 X 10(8)); 3. injected with SRBC on the 4th day after cyclophosphamide administration; 4. control group. In all mice, histologic evaluation of the spleen and determination of the percentage of Fc and C3 lymphocytes (EA and EAC rosettes) were performed on the days following cyclophosphamide administration. The results obtained revealed that cyclophosphamide caused fast elimination of lymphocytes from the spleen lymphoid tissue in thymus-dependent areas, most strongly pronounced on the 4th day after cyclophosphamide administration. Simultaneous injection of sheep red blood cells evoked changes in the spleen, typical of immune response. These changes, in respect to all parameters, were less pronounced in animals treated with antigen only. PMID- 7349098 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide-induced elimination of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph node on immune response in mice. AB - A single dose of 300 mg of cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). During the highest cyclophosphamide-induced elimination of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph node, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected either intravenously (i.v.) in a dose of 4 X 10(8) or into the hind foot-pads in a dose of 2 X 10(8). At consecutive days after cyclophosphamide administration, the number of cells producing 19S and 7S antibodies in the spleen and lymph node as well as antibody titer in the serum were determined. As observed, cyclophosphamide-induced depletion of the lymphoid tissue did not change the kinetics of appearance of cells producing antibodies in the spleen and lymph node but only diminished their number as well as the titer of antibodies in the serum. PMID- 7349099 TI - Studies on the influence of adrenaline, acetylcholine and cysteine on suppressive activity of lymphocytes engaged in GvH reaction in rats. AB - Thirty-minute preincubation of lymphocytes deriving from popliteal lymph nodes of hybrid W X A F1 rats experiencing GvH reaction in 10(-6)M solution of acetylcholine resulted in an increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation both in cultures stimulated and nonstimulated with PHA. When the cells were preincubated for 30 min in 10(-5)M solution of adrenaline the level of [3H] TdR incorporation into non-stimulated cells was increased. The cells pretreated in such a way and added to cultures containing normal peripheral lymph node lymphocytes responding to PHA exhibited diminished or even abrogated suppressive effect which they normally exert if they are not treated with these two drugs. The PLN-cells preincubated in 2 mM solution of L-cysteine for 30 min, when added to the culture system showed an enhanced intensity of their suppressive effect. PMID- 7349100 TI - Studies on the influence of cysteine derivatives on the cell-mediated immunity. AB - The study concerns the effect of cysteine derivatives and its hydrazides on cell mediated immunity. Cysteine derivatives appeared to exert marked suppressive influence on development and course of post-adjuvant polyarthritis in rats. L cysteine hydrazides prolonged skin allograft survival time in rats to higher degree than cysteine. The results of in vitro experiments point to the inhibition of the non-stimulated and stimulated PHA incorporation of 3H-thymidine by lymphocytes. It was observed that cysteine derivatives examined, and mainly its hydrazides, exert stronger than cysteine suppressive effect on cell mediated immune response. PMID- 7349101 TI - Influence of 6-metoxy-cumaranon-2-acetic acid and its derivatives on the process of humoral and cellular immunogenesis. AB - The influence of 6-metoxy-cumaranon-2-acetic acid and its four derivatives on the humoral and cellular immunogenesis was determined. The study of immunosuppressive properties included: the control of the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the estimation of transplantation immunity, GvH reaction, PFC production for SRBC and LPS and the determination of the number of cells possessing receptors for antigen, Fc fragment and complement. Furthermore, blast transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA was estimated as well as the cytotoxic effect of sensitized lymphocytes. The results indicate immunosuppressive activity of acetamides HKCMF and HKCHF. They lowered the level of circulating lymphocytes, the number of cells possessing receptors for complement and they hindered PFC production for SRBC and LPS. Moreover, acetamide HKCHF weakened the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes sensitized to alloantigens. PMID- 7349102 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4 isoxazolocarboxylic acid derivatives. AB - A series of amides of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolocarboxylic acid derivatives was synthesized and tested for antiinflammatory and antibacterial activity. P etoxyphenylamid and p-chlorophenylamid of 5-benzoylamino-3-methyl-4 isoxazolocarboxylic acid displayed strong antiinflammatory and antibacterial effect. The most potent effect of these amides is accounted for the presence of benzoyl group in position 5 of isoxazole group. PMID- 7349103 TI - Synthesis of L-cysteine derivatives of immunotropic activity. AB - In continued search for new compounds with immunotropic and anti-inflammatory activity we developed synthesis of the seven following new derivatives of L cysteine: S-methyl-N-acetylcysteine amide, hydrazide and acetylhydrazide, acetyl derivatives of S-methyl-N-acetylcysteine methylhydrazide, S-methylcysteine morpholineamide and S-methyl-N-acetylcysteine morpholineamide. In general the syntheses consisted in obtaining esters of cysteine and S-methylcysteine, which were submitted to aminolysis and the obtained derivatives were acetylated with acetic anhydride. S-Methylcysteine morpholineamides were obtained by condensation of morpholine with cysteine derivatives by carbodiimied and/or mixed anhydride method. Yields of the compounds were high. Elemental composition was confirmed by elementary analysis. PMID- 7349104 TI - Studies on derivatives of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. IV. Addition reactions of thioglycolic acid to 2-N-aralkylidene derivatives of 2 amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. AB - In the course of studies on compounds with expected antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity a series of new derivatives of 2-amino-4-p chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid have been synthesized. Several new and unexpected details of the chemical properties of these compounds were revealed. The chemical structure of the new compounds was confirmed by degradation and identification of the decomposition products and by spectral analysis. PMID- 7349106 TI - Studies on derivatives of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. VI. Syntheses and properties of 2-N-aralkyl-alpha-sulphoderivatives of tert-amides of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. AB - In the course of the studies on compounds with expected antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity several new tert-amides derivatives of 2-N aralkylamino-alpha-sulpho-2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid were synthesized. Some of the previously described Schiff bases reacted with aqueous alcoholic solution of sodium bisulphite and as a result several (III-VIII) alpha sulphoderivatives were obtained. The course of the reactions was studied and the structure of the new compounds was confirmed. PMID- 7349105 TI - Studies on derivatives of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. V. Syntheses of 2-N-aralkylidene and 2-N-aralkyl derivatives of 2-amino-4-p chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid. AB - A number of new N-aralkylidene and N-aralkyl derivatives of amides and hydrazides of 2-amino-4-p-chlorophenylthiazole-5-acetic acid (III-XXIX) have been synthesized. These compounds were obtained in two various ways depending on the character of substituents in the carboxyl group. The chemical structure of the newly obtained compounds was determined on the basis of the data of elementary and spectral analyses. PMID- 7349107 TI - The effect of polyvaccinum and vaccinum cholericum on the PCA test and degranulation of mast cells in sensitized mice. AB - The authors studied the effect of bacterial vaccines-Polyvaccinum and Vaccinum cholericum on the production of homocytotropic antibodies and degranulation of mastocytes in sensitized mice. It has been found that stimulation with high antigen doses causes degranulation of intraperitoneal mast cells and addition of polyvaccine results in its marked increase. A 2 h PCA test in mice sensitized with high antigen doses showed dynamic patterns similar in all groups of animals whereas high IgG 1 titres were obtained in animals sensitized with small antigen doses after administration of polyvaccine. Higher PCA titers persisting for 4 weeks were also noted in the 72 h test. PMID- 7349108 TI - Depressed PHA--induced lymphocyte transformation in women taking oral contraceptives. AB - The transformation of lymphocytes in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was determined in 30 women taking oral contraceptives (O.C.V.) and in 10 women of an age-matched control group. The group taking oral contraceptives demonstrated significant depression of their response to PHA as compared to the control group. PMID- 7349109 TI - [Dynamic ECG in patients surgically treated for interatrial defect: observations on 36 cases]. PMID- 7349110 TI - [Myoglobin in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349111 TI - [Incidence of ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias in the early phase of acute myocardial infarct controlled under dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 7349112 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the heart of the fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 7349113 TI - [Evaluation of the validity of "M-mode" echocardiographic studies in the diagnosis of "univentricular heart"]. PMID- 7349114 TI - [M-mode echocardiography in evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7349115 TI - [The mobile coronary unit of Florence. Case studies of 1 year]. PMID- 7349116 TI - [Usefulness of combined polygraphy and echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7349117 TI - [Diagnostic value of the dynamic ECG and the ergometric test in mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7349118 TI - [Form and orientation of the cardiac vector in systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349119 TI - [The pressor reflex leaving the heart in the non-anesthetized dog]. PMID- 7349120 TI - [Use of the precordial dotted map for forecasting the extension of necrosis in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349121 TI - [Evaluation of the aortic and pulmonary diameters by M-mode echocardiography with suprasternal approach. Results in 200 patients]. PMID- 7349122 TI - [Vectorcardiographic evaluation of recurrence of acute myocardial infarct. Correlation with the enzyme curve and clinical findings]. PMID- 7349123 TI - [Exercise test of 85 patients surgically treated for tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7349124 TI - [Standard evaluation of the status of labile compensation with the Kaltenbach step test]. PMID- 7349125 TI - [Significance of the duration of dynamic ECG recording in monitoring of arrhythmias in recent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349126 TI - [Natural evolution of the ischemic lesion and necrotic area evaluated with thoracic electro-maps in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349127 TI - [Possibilities of cardiac stimulation through the esophagus]. PMID- 7349128 TI - [Clinical indicators for prediction of extensive myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349130 TI - [The exercise test with the bicycle ergometer: significance and limitations in the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349129 TI - [Myocardial ischemia during supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia: physiopathological considerations]. PMID- 7349131 TI - [Echo-angiographic evaluation of the left ventricle in the post-infarct period]. PMID- 7349132 TI - [Ventricular response to the cold pressor test in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7349133 TI - [Conventional propranolol and long-acting propranolol in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349134 TI - [M-mode echocardiographic findings in malfunctioning porcine bioprostheses in the mitral site. Angiographic and anatomico-surgical correlations]. PMID- 7349135 TI - [The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias of effort in patients included in a rehabilitation program after acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349136 TI - [Effect of salbutamol on the diastolic and systolic phase in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Echo-polygraphic study]. PMID- 7349137 TI - [Cardiocirculatory changes during pregnancy and the puerperium. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 7349138 TI - [Arrhythmias in patients with interatrial defect: pre- and post-operative study with dynamic ECG]. PMID- 7349139 TI - [Echo-polycardiographic study of patients with thyroid disease treated with radioactive iodine]. PMID- 7349140 TI - [Changes of left ventricular function caused by drugs. Radioisotopic angiocardiographic study after acute administration of carbochromen]. PMID- 7349141 TI - [M-mode echocardiography in ischemic cardiopathy. Comparison with radioisotope angiocardiography]. PMID- 7349142 TI - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness of the combination of metoprolol and chlorthalidone, using the ergometric test]. PMID- 7349143 TI - [The exercise test in females with normal ECG at rest: changes of the ST segment and R wave amplitude]. PMID- 7349144 TI - [The ergonovine test in vasospastic angina: case studies]. PMID- 7349145 TI - [Monitoring of the harmful effects of iron on the hearts of patients with beta thalassemia major, using non-invasive cardiological technics]. PMID- 7349146 TI - [The Q wave in D3: uselessness of respiratory tests for diagnostic purposes]. PMID- 7349147 TI - [Ergometric and angiographic correlations in ischemic cardiopathy in women]. PMID- 7349148 TI - [Uncertainty of hemodynamic evaluation with echocardiography in ischemic cardiopathy and in A-V block]. PMID- 7349149 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of isosorbide dinitrate]. PMID- 7349150 TI - [Correlation between the clinical and isoenzymatic state in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349151 TI - [Indirect ECG signs of inferior infarct]. PMID- 7349153 TI - [Behavior of expiratory flow rate in hypertensive, chronic bronchitis patients during treatment with indapamide]. PMID- 7349152 TI - [Comparison between atrial pacing and the ergonovine test in spontaneous angina: hemodynamic, metabolic and coronarographic aspects]. PMID- 7349154 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in post-infarct ischemia cardiopathy]. PMID- 7349155 TI - [Non-obstructive hypertrophic myocardiopathy as the cause of prominent anterior forces of the QRS vectorcardiographic loop]. PMID- 7349156 TI - [Pharmacological interference between cimetidine and digoxin]. PMID- 7349157 TI - [Verification by the medico-psychological profile of the results of a rehabilitation program in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349158 TI - [Conversion of recent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Predictive value of the clinical and echocardiographic parameters]. PMID- 7349159 TI - [Influence of acute cerebrovascular lesion on QTc]. PMID- 7349160 TI - [Identification of the click caused by tricuspid prolapse]. PMID- 7349161 TI - [Intermittent claudication: effect of local treatment with isosorbide dinitrate paste]. PMID- 7349162 TI - [Chronobiology of fibrinogenemia and of Howell's time in normal, coronaropathic and hypertensive subjects]. PMID- 7349163 TI - [Activities of the Mobile Coronary Unit in the region of Florence. Early treatment of disorders of rhythm in the 1st year of activity]. PMID- 7349164 TI - [Epidemiological study of juvenile arterial hypertension. Long-term follow-up]. PMID- 7349165 TI - [Systolic fluttering of the mitral valve and diastolic of the aortic valve, 2 rare echocardiographic signs]. PMID- 7349166 TI - [Preliminary electrocardiographic study in peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 7349167 TI - [Usefulness of the Holter method in verification of arrhythmias during rehabilitation in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349168 TI - [The pulmonary mesosystolic click]. PMID- 7349169 TI - [Frequency and prognostic importance of associated morbid conditions in acute myocardial infarct: study of 249 cases]. PMID- 7349170 TI - [Myocardial infarct in young women. Considerations on 22 cases]. PMID- 7349171 TI - [Pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular septum in an adult: mono- and bi dimensional echocardiographic findings]. PMID- 7349172 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary window. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 7349173 TI - [Early results of the analysis of episodes of ventricular tachycardia detected by dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 7349174 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of hemodialysis. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 7349175 TI - [Long duration of action of metoprolol in the prolonged treatment of angina of effort]. PMID- 7349176 TI - [Nifedipine in the therapy of secondary hypertension]. PMID- 7349177 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in patients with obstructive coronary disease and depressed left ventricular function]. PMID- 7349178 TI - [Usefulness of phonomechanographic and echocardiographic parameters in the evaluation of the optimal frequency of electrostimulation]. PMID- 7349179 TI - [Correlation between hemodynamic involvement and ischemic lesion with thoracic electromapping in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349180 TI - [Early changes of platelet aggregation and course of acute myocardial infarct (AMI)]. PMID- 7349181 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and disorders of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 7349182 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography and ergometric evaluation in estimation of the metabolic cost of industrial work activity]. PMID- 7349183 TI - [Cardiotoxic effects after acute administration of adriamycin]. PMID- 7349184 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of the efficacy of a delayed-action nitroderivative]. PMID- 7349185 TI - [Role of collateral coronary circulation in 48 patients with isolated and proximal larger-than-90% lesions of the anterior interventricular coronary artery]. PMID- 7349186 TI - [Hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of indoprofen in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349187 TI - [Role of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of degenerative mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 7349188 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva: special aspects]. PMID- 7349189 TI - [Surgical treatment of post-infarct ventricular tachycardia (VT) by means of circular endocardial ventriculotomy]. PMID- 7349190 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic action of D-L carnitine in acute myocardial infarct (AMI) by changes in the serum myoglobin concentration curve. I. Myoglobin: earliest serum test of necrosis in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349191 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic action of D-L carnitine in acute myocardial infarct (AMI) by changes in the serum myoglobin concentration curve. II. Concluding remarks]. PMID- 7349192 TI - [Doppler velocimetric test more reliable than the Allen test for studying circulation in the hand]. PMID- 7349193 TI - [Protective effect of prostigmine against exertional angina]. PMID- 7349194 TI - [Verapamil in acute myocardial infarct. Hemodynamic effects and electrical changes studied by means of electromaps of the chest]. PMID- 7349195 TI - [Evaluation of the dynamics of blood pressure data in hypertensives by means of non-invasive ambulatory monitoring]. PMID- 7349196 TI - [Case of dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and right common iliac artery. Diagnostic problems, surgical treatment, complications]. PMID- 7349197 TI - [Posttraumatic tricuspid insufficiency: description of a clinical case]. PMID- 7349198 TI - [Evaluation of overall and specific work capacity in rehabilitated heart patients]. PMID- 7349199 TI - [Comparison of 86rubidium radioimmunologic and immunoenzyme methods of measuring digitalis glycosides in human blood]. PMID- 7349200 TI - [Indapamide in the treatment of essential hypertension in the elderly: effect on glucose and lipid metabolism]. PMID- 7349201 TI - [Use of atropine in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349202 TI - [M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic aspects related to septal and mural kinetics in left intraventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 7349203 TI - [Analysis of ventricular function in ischemic cardiopathy by single and 2 dimensional echography]. PMID- 7349204 TI - [Pulsed Doppler diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency]. PMID- 7349205 TI - [Pulsed Doppler diagnosis of aortic insufficiency in the presence of mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7349206 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis. Importance of studying the posterior leaflet]. PMID- 7349207 TI - [Effect of ibopamine on changes in renal hemodynamics experimentally induced in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 7349208 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of the combination of adriamycin + cyclophosphamide in the treatment of cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 7349209 TI - [Sublingual nifedipine in hypertensive crises]. PMID- 7349210 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of indapamide in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349211 TI - [Early and late complications of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349212 TI - [Evaluation of sensory function in patients with stable and unstable angina]. PMID- 7349213 TI - [Recording of Hisian potentials in stable complete right branch block with alternating left anterior and posterior bundle block]. PMID- 7349214 TI - [Clinical experience with the efficacy of amiodarone in hyperkinetic supraventricular arrhythmias]. PMID- 7349215 TI - [Functional ergometric evaluation 30 days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349216 TI - [Non-invasive diagnosis of corrected transposition of the great vessels]. PMID- 7349217 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac compromise in hereditary ataxias using non-invasive methods]. PMID- 7349218 TI - [Intermittent branch blocks]. PMID- 7349219 TI - [Effect of nifedipine on experimental myocardial infarct induced by isoproterenol]. PMID- 7349220 TI - [Methodology and significance of the exercise test in Prinzmetal angina]. PMID- 7349221 TI - [Echo-hemodynamic correlations in ostium secundum-type interatrial defects]. PMID- 7349222 TI - [Echo-angiocardiographic correlations in aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7349223 TI - [M-mode echocardiography in prosthetic heart valve pathology]. PMID- 7349224 TI - [Usefulness of integrated M-mode echocardiography and apicocardiography in the evaluation of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349225 TI - [Effect of verapamil on myocardial contractility in ischemic cardiopathy: indirect evaluation by the polycardiographic method]. PMID- 7349226 TI - [Dynamic ECG and coronarography in the diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy: Bayesian analysis of the probability]. PMID- 7349227 TI - [Changes in left ventricular mechanics after the cold pressor test]. PMID- 7349228 TI - [Intralymphocytic sodium: test to predict response to stress in borderline hypertension]. PMID- 7349229 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness and limits of the ergonovine maleate test]. PMID- 7349230 TI - [Importance and significance of normal readouts in continuous electrocardiographic monitoring: analysis of 30 cases in the 3d decade of life]. PMID- 7349231 TI - [Atrial contribution to ventricular function in patients with pacemakers. Polygraphic study of 40 patients]. PMID- 7349232 TI - [Study of the electrophysiologic effects of propafenon in patients with cardiac pre-excitation]. PMID- 7349233 TI - [Prodromal syndrome of "acute" myocardial infarction: prospective study of 796 cases]. PMID- 7349234 TI - [Can the exercise test reveal latent hypertensive states? Comparison between normotensive subjects, normotensives with family history of hypertension and hypertensives]. PMID- 7349235 TI - [Use of a valved tube in the surgical treatment of aortic valvulopathy associated with aneurysm of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 7349236 TI - [Ischemic cardiopathy in women. Coronarographic aspects and clinical correlations]. PMID- 7349237 TI - [Use of the Holter method to study electrocardiographic changes caused by sexual activity in coronary patients]. PMID- 7349238 TI - [Repeated evaluations of sinoatrial conduction by the Narula method in patients with sinus dysfunction during acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7349239 TI - [Idiopathic branch block. Clinical significance and evolution]. PMID- 7349240 TI - [Clinico-functional evaluation and evolution of myocardial infarction in young persons]. PMID- 7349241 TI - [Precordial mapping of the Frank ECG and QRS in evaluation of the infarct area: comparison between the 2 methods]. PMID- 7349242 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation of perioperative risk in patients with trivalvular pathology]. PMID- 7349243 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in impulse formation and conduction disorders]. PMID- 7349244 TI - [Reduction in hospital stay by implantation of pacemakers with screws and intradermal sutures]. PMID- 7349245 TI - [Evaluation of the diagnostic yield of 2d level indices in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349246 TI - [2-dimensional-echodoppler "integrated echography": Ebstein's anomaly. Uhl's anomaly]. PMID- 7349247 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral and aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7349248 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in coronary disease in the acute phase]. PMID- 7349249 TI - [Iatrogenic coronary stenosis with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7349250 TI - [Pre- and postoperative electrocardiographic aspects in pulmonary atresia with an intact septum]. PMID- 7349251 TI - [Functional evaluation by means of the exercise test after surgical correction of ostium secundum-type interatrial defects]. PMID- 7349252 TI - [Evaluation of the results of the bicycle ergometry exercise test in relation to risk factors for arteriosclerosis in a case series of subjects with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7349253 TI - [Echocardiographic examination after radical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7349254 TI - [Effects of acute administration of metoclopramide on atrial and AV conduction in man]. PMID- 7349255 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in a sample of the normal population of Matera]. PMID- 7349256 TI - [Effects of the intensity of physical exercise on the plasma concentration of HDL cholesterol]. PMID- 7349257 TI - [Hemodynamico-metabolic aspects of the post-atrial pacing recovery period in stable angina]. PMID- 7349258 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in the female sex: incidence, mortality and causes of death]. PMID- 7349259 TI - [Role of supernormal phase conduction in intermittent branch block]. PMID- 7349260 TI - [Circadian rhythm in spontaneous myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7349261 TI - [Infarction of the right ventricle: hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluation. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7349262 TI - [Aspects of hypertensive cardiopathy studied by means of M-mode echocardiography]. PMID- 7349263 TI - [Clinical and polygraphic evaluation of the effects of metoprolol and labetalol in essential arterial hypertension. Comparative study]. PMID- 7349264 TI - [Echopolygraphic observations in 11 cases of endocardial fibroelastosis (EF)]. PMID- 7349266 TI - [Phono-echocardiographic analysis of variations in tone I during atrioventricular block]. PMID- 7349265 TI - [Clinical value of selective beta 1 block in antihypertensive therapy]. PMID- 7349267 TI - Convergent strabismus. Introduction. PMID- 7349268 TI - Convergent strabismus: symptomatology. PMID- 7349269 TI - Convergent strabismus: methods of examination. PMID- 7349270 TI - Amblyopia. PMID- 7349271 TI - The conservative treatment of a squint. PMID- 7349272 TI - Normal binocular vision. PMID- 7349273 TI - Neuromechanics of the human peripheral oculomotor system. PMID- 7349274 TI - Modification of anaesthetic techniques of surface hypothermia for the correction of simple cardiac defects. PMID- 7349275 TI - Vascular loops in nurosurgery. PMID- 7349276 TI - Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the young. PMID- 7349277 TI - Syntheses of antifungal isocoumarins. II. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3 substituted isocoumarins. PMID- 7349278 TI - A new class of nitrosoureas. I. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3,3-disubstituted-1-nitrosoureas having a hydroxyl group at the beta position of the substituents. PMID- 7349279 TI - Studies on peptides. CV. Synthesis of chicken neurotensin. PMID- 7349280 TI - Effects of lanosterol analogs on cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. PMID- 7349282 TI - Adjuvant effect of Photobacterium phosphoreum PJ-1 on humoral immune response of ddY mice to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7349281 TI - Studies on Scutellariae Radix. IV. Effects on lipid peroxidation in rat liver. PMID- 7349284 TI - Polymorphic transition rate of semisynthetic fatty suppository bases. PMID- 7349283 TI - Studies on the metabolism of trilostane, an inhibitor of adrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 7349285 TI - Fate of hydralazine in man. II. Formation of tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine in vivo and inhibition of monoamine oxidase by this metabolite. PMID- 7349286 TI - Antifungal activity of oosponol, oospolactone, phyllodulcin, hydrangenol, and some other related compounds. PMID- 7349287 TI - Movement of subcellular calcium in the liver of bile duct-ligated rats. PMID- 7349288 TI - Comparative immunological studies of mutarotases from mammals. PMID- 7349289 TI - Controlled release of prednisolone from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrix. PMID- 7349290 TI - Further investigation of antitumor condurangoglycosides with C-18 oxygenated aglycone. PMID- 7349291 TI - Reaction of 1-naphthylhydroxylamine with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid. Isolation and synthesis of N-(guanin-C8-yl)-1-naphthylamine. PMID- 7349293 TI - Granular vesicle-containing extraganglionic neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat small intestine. PMID- 7349292 TI - The amount of melanophore-stimulating hormone in the pars intermedia of single pituitary glands of Rana nigromaculata after intraocular homotransplantation of the pars intermedia. PMID- 7349294 TI - The structure of the pharyngeal teeth of guppy, Lebistes reticulatus, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7349295 TI - The ultrastructure of Brunner's glands in the rat. PMID- 7349296 TI - The fiber components of the L6 and S1 dorsal spinal nerve roots in the rat. PMID- 7349297 TI - The teaching of Hansenology. PMID- 7349298 TI - Genetic polymorphic systems and Hanseniasis. PMID- 7349299 TI - [Some aspects of Hansen's disease in the region of Londrina, Parana, 1968-1978. 2. Specific characteristics]. AB - Following a previous work, this one intends to add new data on the occurrence of hanseniasis in the Public Health District of Londrina, in the state of Parana, Brazil. In this study, it was observed an increasing percentage of patients coming from the urban area of the near towns and one of the aspects stressed in this research was the great importance of the V and D forms in the dissemination of the disease, since they affect mostly male individuals. Once this area is characterized by a high endemicity, a new sanitary policy should be put into practice comprising aspects of control and search for cases. Besides it should be developed a special program of case detection among the students carried out by large scale medical examinations and through extensive observation of contacts of the bacilloscopic positive patients, mainly in the household contacts. PMID- 7349300 TI - Leprosy classification for use in control programs. AB - Some classifications of Leprosy currently in use are reviewed and the difficulties of their application in field work are analysed. While it is recognized the scientific value of these classifications in order to identify precisely the clinical, bacteriological, histological and immunological aspects of the disease, an alternative simplified classification is suggested, to be used in control programmes. In this classification clinical forms that require the same public health action are put together. Thus, clinical forms are reduced to three basic groups. The clinical and laboratory criteria which define each group are presented, as well as the correlation between this simplified classification and the classic one. PMID- 7349301 TI - [Thalidomide: a review of the literature]. PMID- 7349302 TI - [Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis as a complication of arteriosclerotic vascular insufficiency in Virchowian leprosy]. AB - A 39 year old white man, with advanced Virchowian hanseniasis died with signs of extensive meningeal involvement. His medical background showed repeated episodes of Erythema nodosum hansenicum (ENH) in the last three years of his life, besides ischemic gangrena with amputation of the left leg and cerebral vascular ischemic attacks. The autopsy revealed an advanced stage of arteriosclerosis affecting mainly the brain and the distal segment of the aorta and its ramifications. A propagating thrombus was found along the left femoral and iliac arteries and in the terminal portion of the aorta extending to the renal arteries. Thrombosis was also found along the left femoral vein, left iliac vein and distal segment of the inferior cava. The brain showed anemic infarction in organization and a generalized meningoencephalic involvement with granulomatous reaction caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It was suggested a possible relationship between Erythema nodosum reactions and thrombosis phenomena. Torulosis was considered as a final occurrence and the proliferative vasculitis due to the granulomatous process in the sub-arachnoidal space has certainly aggravated the cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7349303 TI - Surface-recorded auditory brainstem responses in the dog. AB - Surface-recorded auditory brainstem responses were obtained from 8 dogs. Trains of clicks were presented by earphone at a level approximately 80 db re human threshold. In one dog an undetected otitis media was signalled by wave-form latency delay. Jewett Waves I-V were found with order and spacing much as with human Ss, but the early waves were more prominent. It was concluded that electric response audiometry may have a bright future in electrophysiological, veterinary, and pharmacological research on audition in animals. PMID- 7349304 TI - Cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) under hypnosis. PMID- 7349305 TI - Masked hearing thresholds of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in air. AB - Two wild seals, maintained in captivity in good health, were trained to swim on verbal command to a spot 27 cm above the water, and subsequently to make a L or R turn to a pure tone vs no tone. White noise was present at 80, 70, or 60 db SPL. Masked thresholds were determined by a staircase method in 2-db steps at 2, 4, 8.6, and 15 kc/s (at 15 kc/s only noise at 60 db SPL was presented). Critical bandwidths in db were calculated, all of the order of 25 db (range of to 28 db). These values are close to those reported by Terhune and Ronald (J. Acoust.Soc.Am., 1975, 58, 515-516) for seals' aerial hearing but are unexplainably lower (i.e., worse) than for seals underwater. It was calculated that in their often noisy and visually restricted natural environment, a mother would not be able to hear her pup if separated by more than 8 m. This situation was generally corroborated by field observation on the breeding grounds. PMID- 7349306 TI - Screening selected auditory deficits in speech- and language-impaired children. AB - This study was done at the University of Michigan Shady Trails Camp, in an intensive 6-wk summer treatment program. Children aged 8.5-18.3 yrs (54 M, 13 F) with communicative impairments, but with no known hearing losses, were screened audiometrically ("Fail" = lack of response at 20 db HTL from 0.5-8 kc/s), and with tympanometry. There was an unexpectedly high incidence (70.1%) of current auditory problems among children with language, articulation, and fluency disorders. An even higher percentage of children was identified as having auditory problems among those children who were also learning disabled. Speech- and language-impaired children should be considered a "high risk" population and their auditory functioning should be monitored frequently. However, pure-tone screening alone identified only 6, while tympanometry identified 28, of the 47 children who failed one or both screens. With the 6 children who failed the pure tone screen, but passed tympanometry, it was conjectured that the objective measurements inherent in tympanometry may be preferable to the subjective measurements inherent in pure-tone screening with children who may have difficulty understanding or remembering test instructions, or maintaining attention to the task. Inasmuch as sensorineural deficits are not detected by tympanometry alone, the combined battery was judged preferable to using either screen alone. PMID- 7349307 TI - High frequency Bekesy audiometry. I: equipment and calibration. AB - A simple, straightforward and inexpensive conversion of the high-frequency (HF) range (up to 20 kc/s) of the Grason-Stadler E-800 Bekesy audiometer is described, incorporating as transducer a 1/2-inch condenser microphone loosely coupled to the ear canal by an adjustable headband, which provides also for a standard audiometric earphone-cushion unit on the non-test ear. A free field calibration is recommended. The system has a dynamic range of 135 db. Step-by-step instructions are provided for the conversion and for calibrations. Repeated calibrations of a prototype unit showed acceptable stability and validity. The HF E-800 audiometer could provide a valuable and cost-effective source of HF diagnostic information for the audiologist. PMID- 7349308 TI - Underestimation of auditory fatigue as measured by the compound action potential. AB - The action potential (AP), summating potential (SP), and cochlear microphonic (CM) were measured in rats in response either to clicks or pure tones prior to and following 3 min of exposure to pure tones at a level 5 db less than that which produced maximum CM. The ratio, in decibels, between pre-exposure and post exposure potentials, for the same exposure and probe stimulus parameters, was taken as an index of decrement. The relative reduction in voltage resulting from the exposure was greater for the SP than for the AP when these potentials were elicited with 20-msec probe tone bursts between 70-80 db SPL having instantaneous rise times. However, for weaker probe levels within 20 db of that yielding AP potentials of 1 mu V, the AP and SP bpth exhibited similar losses. The CM and the click-evoked AP showed essentially no decrement. These results suggest that the SP might be a better indicator of noise-induced auditory decrement (fatigue?) than the CM. Theories of central auditory fatigue may be based on incorrect interpretations of previously published data obtained from cochlear and neural recordings. PMID- 7349309 TI - Impedance measures and pure-tone screening of college students. AB - Normative data from tympanometry and static compliance measures were presented for 355 freshmen entering college. Only one ear was tested. A lax criterion in tympanometry yielded a failure rate of 4%; pure-tone screening (20 db at 1 and 2 kc/s, 25 db at 4 kc/s) yielded a failure rate of 8%. In 90% of Ss the impedance (lax criterion) and pure-tone screening tests agreed in identifying an ear as normal or abnormal. Excluding 5% of the cases at each end of the continuum, 90% had static compliance in the range 0.30-1.15 cc; the middle 62% had compliance values of 0.45-0.89 cc. The distribution of tympanogram types and static compliance values were not significantly different for men and women, or for R and L ears. Impedance measures and pure-tone thresholds disagreed half the time on "Pass" and "Fail," although they showed the same proportions of "Pass" and "Fail," suggesting that two different aspects of hearing were being assessed. PMID- 7349310 TI - [Tumors of the testes]. PMID- 7349311 TI - [Iatrogenic endoscopic pathology in urology]. PMID- 7349313 TI - [Round table: Ureteroceles]. PMID- 7349312 TI - [Microsurgery of the male genital tract]. PMID- 7349314 TI - Specific binding of 3H-estradiol to the cytosol of rat pancreas and uterus: bound sites in pancreatic extracts do not translocate 3H-estradiol to nuclei suggesting a basic difference in mode of action. AB - In parallel sets of experiments, cytosol fractions from rat pancreas and uterus were incubated with 2 nM 3H-estradiol in the presence or absence of nuclei from pancreas and liver. After incubation for 1 hr at room temperature, the nuclei were removed by centrifugation and specific binding determined in the cytosol fractions as well as in the separated nuclei. The protein that binds 3H-estradiol in uterine extracts translocated the hormone to nuclei of pancreas and liver while the one in pancreas was devoid of this activity. It is presumed, therefore, that modification of transcription is not a primary action of the steroid-bound complex in pancreas. PMID- 7349315 TI - Effect of chlorpromazine on the binding of oestradiol-17 beta by human uterine cytosol. PMID- 7349316 TI - Kinetic analysis of estrogen and antiestrogen competition for hypothalamic cytosol estrogen receptors. Evidence for noncompetitive ligand-receptor interactions. PMID- 7349318 TI - Bioavailability of oxytetracycline dihydrate tablets in dogs. AB - Plasma oxytetracycline concentrations were studied in four healthy beagles after oral administration of four different commercial preparations of oxytetracycline dihydrate tablets. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the biological availability between the four tablets, assessed by the peak plasma level and the area under the plasma concentration--time curve, there was great variation in the plasma concentrations of oxytetracycline achieved in the sixteen experiments. This variation was not related to the in vitro dissolution properties of the tablets. As the amount of oxytetracycline dihydrate administered in the experiments was almost the maximum recommended dose and the mean peak plasma concentrations were either below or at the lower end of the therapeutic concentration range, it is suggested that higher oral doses than those officially recommended are required to attain effective plasma levels. PMID- 7349317 TI - Estrogen receptor characterization following selective sedimentation separation of estrogen-binding components in immature rat uterine cytosol. PMID- 7349319 TI - Cardiovascular effects of intravenous administration of tetracycline in cattle. AB - Tetracycline chloride dissolved in saline was injected intravenously to seven cows. Two doses of tetracycline were used: 5 and 10 mg/kg b.wt, and the injections were given over a period of either 10, 60 or 300 sec. A number of the cows collapsed shortly after the injection was completed, usually when the 10 mg dosage was given in 60 sec. When the same dose was given over a period of 5 min none of the cows collapsed. A more or less pronounced drop in blood pressure could be detected during or shortly after the injection; in those cows which collapsed the blood pressure fell almost to zero. The predominant change in pulse rate in connection with the tetracycline administration was a decrease which could be quite marked, pulse rates falling as low as 10-20 per min. Simultaneously with these changes in blood pressure and pulse rate severe abnormalities in ECG could be observed. Pre-treatment with a normal therapeutic dose of calcium borogluconate intravenously prevented collapse in the cows and diminished the drop in blood pressure associated with an ensuing tetracycline injection. It is concluded that intravenous injection of tetracycline is hazardous, but that collapse can be avoided by giving the injection very slowly over a period of no less than 5 min. PMID- 7349320 TI - The susceptibility of isolates of Corynebacterium equi to antimicrobial drugs. AB - Fifty-one isolates of Corynebacterium equi recovered from pigs and horses belonging to two capsular serotypes were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. No clear differences were detected in sensitivity between isolates of different sources or serotypes. All isolates were sensitive to less than 0.25 micrograms/ml of erythromycin and gentamicin. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined for greater than or equal to 90% of isolates: methicillin greater than 16 micrograms/ml, clindamycin 1-2 micrograms/ml, tobramycin less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, cephalothin 8-64 micrograms/ml, kanamycin 2-8 micrograms/ml, amikacin less than or equal to 1-2 micrograms/ml, penicillin 2-greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml, ampicillin 2-8 micrograms/ml, trimethoprim-sulfa 4/76 32/608 micrograms/ml tetracycline 1-4 micrograms/ml and chloramphenicol 8-16 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7349321 TI - Autonomic responsiveness in stress-sensitive and stress-resistant pigs. AB - The responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system was studied in twenty-six 140 day old thiopentone anaesthetized lean stress-sensitive Pietrain (P) and fatter stress-resistant Gloucester (G) pigs, using the Valsalva like manoeuvre (VLM), and the i.v. tyramine, noradrenaline (NA) and phenylephrine tests. The heart rate responses to the VLM and tyramine tests were greater in P. The pressor response to NA was lower in P, and the change in heart rate per unit change in blood pressure-during phenylephrine infusion was the same in the two breeds. The sympathetic nervous system in P was, therefore, more responsive than that in G, and this was attributable to a higher pre-adrenoreceptor responsiveness in P. The potentially greater sympathetic responsiveness in stress-sensitive pigs could account for their greater leanness, their stress-induced metabolic acidosis, and for their susceptibility to myocardial failure. PMID- 7349322 TI - Oxytetracycline hydrochloride in the horse: serum, synovial, peritoneal and urine concentrations after single dose intravenous administration. AB - Six adult mares were given a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline HCl (50 mg/ml) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine oxytetracycline concentrations were measured serially over a 48-h period. The highest measured serum oxytetracycline concentration was 8.01 mcg/ml at 1/2 h. Oxytetracycline was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, which obtained mean peak oxytetracycline concentrations of 4.43 mcg/ml and 4.20 mcg/ml, at 1/2 h and 1 h, respectively. These concentrations steadily declined in parallel with serum concentrations and were not measurable at 48 h. Urine oxytetracycline concentration was relatively high, with a peak concentration of 1565.2 mcg/ml at 1/2 h after drug administration. PMID- 7349323 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of theophylline in dogs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were investigated in dogs following intravenous, single oral, and multiple oral doses of aminophylline. Mean half life (t1/2) of theophylline following single intravenous administration was 5.7 h and the apparent specific volume of distribution (V'd area) was 0.82 litre/kg. The bioavailability of theophylline was high (91%) following oral administration of aminophylline tablets and the absorption half-life (t1/2ab) was 0.4 h. Theophylline plasma concentrations observed following repeated oral administration of aminophylline tablets were somewhat greater than predicted. This suggests that theophylline plasma concentrations should be monitored and the dosage regimen individually adjusted in critically ill animals. PMID- 7349324 TI - Metronidazole: a method for its determination in biological fluids and its disposition kinetics in the dog. AB - A method for the analytical determination of metronidazole concentrations in biological tissues was developed using high performance liquid chromatography. The procedure was employed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in dogs following intravenous and oral administration (44 mg/kg). The overall elimination rate constant beta was 0.0027 +/- 0.0005 min-1, the apparent specific volume of distribution (V'd) was 0.948 +/- 0.096 L/kg overall clearance (ClB) was 2.49 +/- 0.54 ml/kg/min and the rate constant for absorption Kab was 0.0456 +/- 0.0353 min-1. Oral bioavailability was high but variable (59%-100%). Implications of these data for chemotherapy of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, trichomonads, and Giardia and for the sensitization of hypoxic neoplastic cells to radiotherapy are discussed. PMID- 7349325 TI - Lidocaine plasma concentrations obtained with a standardized infusion in the awake and anaesthetized dog. AB - Lidocaine was administered intravenously on several occasions to three healthy mongrel dogs. The lidocaine treatment consisted of an infusion of 0.8 mg/kg/min over 10 min, followed by an infusion of 0.085 mg/kg/min over 3 h. This lidocaine treatment was given once in the awake state and on two other occasions the infusion was started before or during the following anaesthetic regimen: atropine meperidine premedication, thiopental induction and maintenance nitrous oxide methoxyflurane anaesthesia. In most instances plasma levels were somewhat higher at the end of the loading infusion (greater than 5 micrograms/ml) than subsequently, but steady-state values were obtained soon after starting the 3-h infusion. There were no striking differences between the plasma profiles and half lives found in the three series of experiments: mean plasma concentrations of lidocaine during steady state were between 3.5 and 5.0 micrograms/ml and the half life of lidocaine was 1 to 2 h. Signs of intoxication were not seen in any of the dogs at any stage of the procedures. It is concluded that with the loading and maintenance doses used in this study steady-state values, probably within the therapeutic range, are obtained within a few minutes. The plasma concentrations are not influenced by the anaesthetic regimen used. PMID- 7349326 TI - Warfarin in the dog: pharmacokinetics as related to clinical response. AB - Warfarin was administered intravenously (i.v.) as a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg to healthy dogs and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. Elimination could be described by a one-compartment open model. Values for the elimination half-life and apparent specific volume of distribution were 14.5 +/- 4.1 h and 0.22 +/- 0.04 litre/kg, respectively. Oral maintenance doses were calculated from the data collected following i.v. administration and administered every 12 h for a total of five doses after an initial i.v. loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Prothrombin times increased from a control value of 8.6 +/- 0.3 sec to 55.2 +/- 5.2 sec over a period of 96 h. Prothrombin time returned to control values by 62 h after withdrawal of the drug. We propose a dosage regimen of warfarin for anticoagulant therapy in the dog of 0.22 mg/kg to be given orally every 12 h. Prothrombin time should be monitored during therapy and the dose of warfarin modified according to the degree of suppression of coagulation factors desired. PMID- 7349327 TI - The pharmacokinetics of meclofenamic acid in the horse. AB - The pharmacokinetics of meclofenamic acid were studied in Thoroughbred horses and in ponies. After intravenous (i.v.) administration of either 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg sodium meclofenamate the elimination half-life was of the order of 0.9 h while the volume of distribution was found to be 0.128 litre/kg. Elimination was in accordance with a one-compartment model. Following oral administration of either meclofenamic acid (4 mg/kg) or sodium meclofenamate (4 mg/kg) a much longer terminal half-life than that calculated for Kel from i.v. data was found. This anomaly indicated that the 'flip-flop' phenomenon was present, i.e. Ka exceeded Kel. More rapid and higher peak levels occurred following sodium meclofenamate than meclofenamic acid, although total bioavailability was similar. Studies in ponies with meclofenamic acid showed a lower absorption than that found in Thoroughbreds. Overnight fasting before meclofenamic acid administration did not alter the rate or extent of absorption. Intramuscular administration of sodium meclofenamate resulted in low plasma concentrations and after 25 h only 46% of the drug had been absorbed. PMID- 7349328 TI - Pharmacokinetics and dosage of chlorpromazine in goats. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters which describe the distribution and elimination of chlorpromazine in goats were determined. Following the intravenous administration of a single dose (2.5 mg/kg), disposition of the drug was described in terms of the biexponential expression Cp = Ae-alpha t + Be-beta t. Based on total (free and bound) chlorpromazine levels in plasma, pseudo-distribution equilibrium was rapidly attained, and the elimination half-life was 1.51 +/- 0.48 h (mean +/- SD, n = 8). Total body clearance, which is the sum of all clearance processes, was 80 +/- 25 ml/min/kg. The curves of an animal representative of the group, based on individual rate constants associated with the two-compartment open model, showed that at 5 h after drug administration 8% and 6% of the dose were present in the peripheral and central compartments, respectively. The kinetic parameters of chlorpromazine determined at a dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight in six goats showed that the drug followed first-order kinetics and kinetic parameters were similar after both dose levels. Based on these findings and therapeutic plasma levels, a satisfactory intravenous regimen should be 2.0-3.5 mg/kg and the drug action will persist for 5-6 h. PMID- 7349329 TI - Three compartment model for pyrimethamine disposition in the pig. AB - Plasma concentration and urine excretion of pyrimethamine (Py) after intravenous (i.v.) administration (10 mg/kg) were determined in four pigs, using NP-FID gas chromatography. A three-compartment model system adequately fitted the observed plasma data. Py may undergo an extensive extravascular distribution, because of the ratio of total volume of distribution to volume of the central compartment was extremely large (about 10). From the calculation of theoretical distribution, only 30% of the dose appears to remain in the central compartment 15 min after administration. Within 2 h of administration the proportion of drug within the two identified peripheral compartments exceeded the proportion remaining in the central compartment. Calculation of cumulative drug excretion showed that up to 90% of an administered dose is excreted within 24 h of administration, although only about 3% of the dose could be detected in urine in an unchanged form during the 24 h period. PMID- 7349330 TI - The pharmacokinetics of thiopentone. AB - The pharmacokinetics of thiopentone was studied in six mongrel dogs using a high performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of the drug in the plasma. An intravenous bolus dose (20 mg/kg) of 2.5% thiopentone sodium solution was injected into the cephalic vein. While the two- and three-compartment models were used in the analysis of the experimental data, the disposition curve was adequately described by a biexponential equation. Plasma protein binding of thiopentone was determined in vitro using the equilibrium dialysis technique. The drug was bound to a moderately high extent (73.8 +/- 4.1%). The half-time of the initial phase, which comprises distribution/redistribution, was 14.9 +/- 3.3 mins. The apparent volume of distribution was quite high for an organic acid (843 +/- 194 ml/kg). This may be attributed to the high lipid solubility of the thiobarbiturate. The half-life was 6.99 +/- 2.18 h and a body clearance value of 1.51 +/- 0.60 ml/kg-min was obtained. It can be concluded from this study that the half-time of the distribution/redistribution phase approximates the duration of anaesthetic effect. Consequently, physiological conditions and disease states which influence distribution/redistribution rather than those affecting hepatic biotransformation of the drug are likely to affect anaesthesia. PMID- 7349331 TI - The pharmacokinetics of xylazine hydrochloride: an interspecific study. AB - The pharmacokinetic disposition of xylazine hydrochloride is described after both intravenous and intramuscular injection of a single dose, in four domestic species: horse, cattle, sheep and dog, by an original high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Remarkably small interspecific differences are reported. After intravenous administration, systemic half-life (t1/2 beta) ranged between 22 min (sheep) and 50 min (horse) while the distribution phase is transient with half-life (t1/2 alpha) ranging from 1.2 min (cattle) to 5.9 min (horse). The peak level of drug concentration in the plasma is reached after 12 14 min in all the species studied following intramuscular administration. Xylazine bioavailability, as measured by the ratios of the areas under the intravenous and intramuscular plasma concentration versus time curves, ranged from 52% to 90% in dog, 17% to 73% in sheep and 40% to 48% in horse. The low dosage in cattle did not permit calculation. Kinetic data are correlated with clinical data and the origins of interspecific differences are discussed. PMID- 7349332 TI - Emetic action of xylazine on the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting in cats. AB - Xylazine is an effective sedative analgesic that induces vomiting in the cat. A consistently effective intramuscular emetic dose of xylazine was established in normal cats in this laboratory. Animals in which the area postrema of the medulla oblongata had been chronically destroyed did not exhibit emesis in response to the standard test dose of xylazine but continued to show sedation. By contrast, sham-operated cats responded normally. Refractoriness to deslanoside, a known specific emetic drug, was used as functional proof for successful ablation of area postrema, and the lesions were also validated histologically. We conclude that xylazine exerts its emetic action on the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. It is suggested that this action may be mediated by an opiate type of molecular receptors. PMID- 7349333 TI - Some pharmacokinetic and biochemical aspects of sulphadiazine and sulphadimidine in ewes. AB - Eight experiments were carried out on eight clinically healthy non-pregnant ewes. Each animal was injected intravenously with either sulphadiazine or sulphadimidine at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the disposition of these drugs. The elimination half-lives were 7.15 +/- 0.58 h and 9.51 +/- 0.59 h and the distribution half-lives were 0.56 +/- 0.07 h and 0.42 +/- 0.05 h for sulphadiazine and sulphadimidine, respectively. The apparent specific volumes of distribution were less than 1 litre/kg (0.410 and 0.501 litres/kg for sulphadiazine and sulphadimidine, respectively) which indicates a relatively lower distribution of these drugs to tissues than in plasma in sheep. The degree of plasma protein binding was similar for both drugs (19.15 +/- 0.55% and 23.12 +/- 0.32%) for sulphadiazine and sulphadimidine, respectively). Serum concentrations of ketone bodies, total lipids and calcium were significantly reduced, and blood glucose concentration significantly increased following administration of both of these sulphonamides, whilst serum total protein concentration was unaltered. The serum cholesterol concentration was significantly reduced following sulphadiazine administration, but not after sulphadimidine. PMID- 7349334 TI - Cerebral dopamine, apomorphine and oral activity in the neonatal pig. AB - Neonatal piglets in which oral stimulation associated with feeding was reduced by intragastric tube feeding displayed an increase in stereotyped snout rubbing, licking and chewing behaviour. An investigation of a possible neurochemical basis for this behaviour was made by using sensitive radioenzymatic and microfluorimetric assays to estimate the concentrations of the catecholamines and of the dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) in different brain regions. These observations revealed that the increased non-nutritive oral activity of such piglets did not appear to be caused by an increased release of dopamine in the brain, since it was not associated with increases in the concentrations of the acidic metabolites of dopamine in either the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, the hypothalamus, or the substantia nigra. The only neurochemical changes observed were small decreases in the concentration of HVA in the putamen and the nucleus accumbens. A lack of effect on catecholamine concentrations in any of the six brain regions examined suggested that the environmental manipulation caused no changes in the development of catecholamine containing nerve endings. Subcutaneous injection of apomorphine was found to increase the non-nutritive oral activity of piglets. Apparent conditioning effects of the environment on apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour however, prevented any satisfactory testing of possible changes in cerebral dopamine receptor sensitivity following reduced oral stimulation. PMID- 7349335 TI - Xylazine-induced mydriasis: possible involvement of a central postsynaptic regulation of parasympathetic tone. AB - Intravenous injection of xylazine (0.01-1 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent mydriasis associated with a depression of tonic ciliary nerve activity in anesthetized cats. Xylazine-induced mydriasis was apparent in the sympathectomized iris but was absent in the parasympathectomized, physostigmine treated iris. Epinephrine (30 micrograms/kg, i.v.) produced a slightly greater mydriasis in the sympathectomized iris than in the parasympathectomized, physostigmine-treated iris. The alpha 2-adrenergic blocking agent, yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) antagonized the pupillary dilation and reversed the depression of ciliary nerve activity induced by xylazine administration. In rats pretreated with reserpine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c., 20 h) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg, i.p., 5 h), intravenous injection of xylazine (0.01-1 mg/kg) resulted in mydriasis of similar magnitude as control animals. However, xylazine induced bradycardia in the control group but not in the pretreated animals. The results suggest that pupillary dilation produced by i.v. xylazine is primarily the result of a central inhibition of parasympathetic tone to the iris. It also appears that xylazine produces this effect via postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms, while it produces bradycardia through a presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7349336 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction in the dog. AB - In seven healthy dogs, digoxin was given as an oral loading dose (0.05 mg/kg/day) on the first day, followed by an oral maintenance dose (0.02 mg/kg/day) during the next 14 days. On the sixth day of digoxin treatment, oral quinidine (200 mg b.i.d.) was added until the tenth day. Plasma concentrations of digoxin and quinidine were measured; in three of the seven dogs ECG and physical signs of digitalis toxicity were evaluated. The average steady state plasma concentration of digoxin increased significantly (P less than 0.01) during quinidine administration (from 1.4 to 2.3 ng/ml). On the days that digoxin was administered without quinidine, none of the dogs vomited nor was anorectic; the PQ-interval increased significantly (P less than 0.01) between 0.01 and 0.03 s. When quinidine was added, vomiting and anorexia occurred but no further increases in the PQ-interval were seen. PMID- 7349337 TI - Effects of Caerulein on exocrine pancreatic secretion in sheep. AB - caerulein administered by slow intravenous infusion at increasing dosage rates (0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ng/kg/min X 30 min) stimulated pancreatic juice production in sheep as well as the protein content, the amylolytic, the lipolytic and proteolytic activities of pancreatic juice samples collected at 30 min intervals. A long lasting (300 min) infusion of a high dose of Caerulein by subcutaneous route elicited stimulatory effects with reduced intensities, slower onsets but more sustained durations than those produced by the same dose level administered intravenously. PMID- 7349338 TI - Serum chloramphenicol concentrations in preruminant calves: a comparison of two formulations dosed orally. AB - Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were determined after oral doses (55 mg/kg body weight) were administered to 7-9 day old Holstein-Friesian calves. Chloramphenicol in an oral solution produced greater serum concentrations than did an equivalent dose of chloramphenicol in capsules (P less than 0.005). A second dose of each formulation administered 12 h after the first dose elevated serum chloramphenicol concentrations significantly (P less than 0.001). The average serum chloramphenicol concentration exceeded 5 micrograms/ml of serum 1 h after administration of the solution compared with 4 h for the capsules. Average serum chloramphenicol concentration was greater than 5 micrograms/ml for at least 12 h after the dose was administered for both formulations. Of the eight calves receiving repeat doses of chloramphenicol, seven (87.5%) developed diarrhea in 76 +/- 8.6 h. Six of the eight calves (75%) died during or shortly after the period of chloramphenicol administration. PMID- 7349339 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in swine: a potential model for human drug bioavailability studies. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline in swine were investigated following the oral and intravascular administration of single doses of theophylline free base. The mean half-life of theophylline following intravascular administration was 11.0 h, and the apparent specific volume of distribution was 0.61 liter/kg. Following oral administration, theophylline in solution was absorbed quite rapidly with a bioavailability of 79%. The similarity of the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in swine and humans suggests that swine may provide a useful model for the study of the bioequivalency of theophylline dosage forms intended for human use. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline also favor its consideration for usage as a therapeutic agent in swine. PMID- 7349340 TI - 'Lactate type' response of ruminal fermentation to chloral hydrate, chloroform and trichloroethanol. AB - In ruminal fluid, taken from a cow 2 h after cereal feeding and supplemented with powdered grass, chloral hydrate diminished the rate of acetate, butyrate and propionate production. Instead, a considerable increase in lactate production was elicited by the drug. Chloroform and trichloroethanol had the same effect. Chloral hydrate and chloroform rendered the redox potential more negative which indicates inhibition of methane production. A concentration of chloral hydrate (2 mM), giving complete methane inhibition, reduced volatile fatty acid production by 30%. The findings are explained by assuming that chloral hydrate blocks methane production but in addition is inhibitory at a step below lactate in the reductive pathway to propionate and that the conditions chosen resulted in substrate saturation of one of the enzymes in the succinate pathway to propionate. PMID- 7349341 TI - Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction between digitoxin and quinidine in the dog. PMID- 7349342 TI - The pharmacokinetics of some aminoglycoside antibiotics in the horse. AB - The disposition kinetics and bioavailability of streptomycin, kanamycin and neomycin were determined following their administration as parenteral preparations to horses. Single doses (10 mg/kg) of each aminoglycoside were given by the intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) routes and, at a later time, seven intramuscular doses were injected at 12-h intervals. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the three aminoglycosides was similar, in that a rapid distribution phase was followed by a relatively short half-life. The half-life (mean +/- SD, n = 6) of kanamycin (1.80 +/- 0.17 h) was significantly (P less than 0.01; t test, 10 d.f.) shorter than that of streptomycin (3.40 +/- 0.42 h), while neomycin half life (2.10 +/- 0.97 h) was of an intermediate length. The apparent volume of distribution of neither kanamycin nor neomycin varied significantly (P greater than 0.05) from that of streptomycin and numerically (V1 d congruent to 230 ml/kg) was the same as the extracellular fluid volume. The body clearance of kanamycin (88.5 +/- 11.3 ml/kg.h) was significantly (P less than 0.01) larger than that of streptomycin (47.5 +/- 7.9 ml/kg.h), while a significant difference in this parameter did not exist (P greater than 0.05) between neomycin and streptomycin. Following intramuscular injection, each aminoglycoside was rapidly and completely absorbed from the injection site, although neomycin showed wide individual variation in the fraction absorbed. The administration of multiple doses did not change either the bioavailability or the apparent half-life from the values obtained after a single dose. The only pharmacokinetic difference between these aminoglycosides that is of clinical importance lies in the rate of their elimination. A dosage interval of 8 h would be appropriate for kanamycin compared with a 12-h interval for streptomycin. The dosage interval for neomycin based on half-life should be 8 h but, due to the relatively greater toxicity of this aminoglycoside, an interval of 12 h might be recommended. The height of the peak serum concentration is determined by the size of the dose. PMID- 7349343 TI - Sulfamethazine residues in swine. AB - Two possible causes of violative sulfonamide residues in swine were studied. To determine if sulfamethazine accumulated in the tissues of swine when the drug was administered in feed, the rates of plasma drug disappearance following a single oral dose and continuous feeding of the drug were compared. The rate of plasma drug disappearance was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) when the two methods of drug dosing were compared. When feed containing 2 micrograms sulfamethazine/gm was fed to swine during a 7-day period preceding slaughter, the animal's liver contained violative residues. Violative concentrations of sulfamethazine were detected in the livers, kidneys, and skeletal muscle of swine which consumed feed containing 8 micrograms sulfamethazine/gm. PMID- 7349344 TI - The determination of propiopromazine in animal tissue. AB - A thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of the veterinary tranquillizer propiopromazine (Combelen) in slaughter pigs is described. Propiopromazine residue depletion from the kidney occurs with different rates in sows and in castrated boars. In the liver residues increase over at least 24 h after intramuscular administration, in accordance with the distribution pattern of phenothiazine tranquilizers. PMID- 7349345 TI - Fenbendazole and thiabendazole in cattle: partition of gastrointestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic behaviour. AB - Fenbendazole (FBZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) were administered intraruminally with a single dose of an indigestible marker, chromium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (Cr-EDTA), to cattle fitted with gastrointestinal cannulae. The amounts of anthelmintic leaving the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum in digesta were derived by compartmental analysis of Cr-EDTA concentrations and integration of benzimidazole concentrations. TBZ was absorbed much more rapidly from the rumen than FBZ and only about 12% of the dose left the rumen in digesta compared with 30% of the FBZ. Approximately 10% and 8% of the TBZ dose appeared at the pylorus and terminal ileum, respectively. Of the above amounts, 9% in the abomasum and practically 100% in the ileum was present as 5-OH-TBZ, indicating that metabolites of absorbed TBZ were recycled to the gastrointestinal tract. Twenty eight percent and 52% of the FBZ appeared at the pylorus and terminal ileum, respectively, indicating a substantial recycling of absorbed drug to the small intestine. It is suggested that biliary secretion of both TBZ and FBZ and their metabolites may contribute to this recycling. Maximal concentrations of TBZ occurred in plasma in 4 h compared with about 24 h for FBZ. TBZ and metabolites were excreted in urine much more rapidly than were FBZ and metabolites. In plasma and in each of the gastrointestinal compartments, FBZ persisted much longer than did TBZ. It was concluded that slower absorption and excretion and more extensive recycling to the gastrointestinal tract of FBZ, than of TBZ, contribute markedly to its greater potency against helminths. PMID- 7349346 TI - A study on renal function in the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) in buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis) were estimated using a single injection technique. The total body clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) served as estimates of GFR and ERPF, respectively. Inulin and PAH were administered to animals as a single i.v. bolus. The time-concentration curves were determined for each compound. Three mathematical models were applied to the data. The two compartment model gave the best fit to the data. The single compartment model gave slightly higher values, but could be used in clinical and certain research situations to estimate renal functions when it is not practical to take large number of samples. PMID- 7349347 TI - The reticular groove and drug absorption. PMID- 7349348 TI - Failure of naloxone to prevent the emetic activity of apomorphine in dogs. PMID- 7349349 TI - [Follow-up studies in patients treated by pacemaker implantation for impending complete heart block on the cases with multifascicular block]. PMID- 7349350 TI - [Prediction of postoperative respiratory care by preoperative cardiopulmonary function in patients with mitral valvular disease]. PMID- 7349351 TI - [Surgical experience in a patient with type I dissecting aneurysm of the aorta extending into a coronary artery and aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 7349352 TI - [Heparin management by activated coagulation time during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 7349353 TI - [Impaired left ventricular function in aortic valve disease--survival and function after valve replacement]. PMID- 7349354 TI - [Surgical procedures for mediastinal tumors. I. Approaches]. PMID- 7349355 TI - [A technique for the closure of bulboventricular septal defect (Kirklin I + II type) without right ventriculotomy]. PMID- 7349356 TI - [Clinical experiences of open heart surgery for congenital heart disease patients under two years of age complicated with malnutrition]. PMID- 7349357 TI - [Surgical treatment for congestive heart failure in atrial septal defect in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 7349358 TI - [Ravitch correction of funnel chest with postoperative respiratory care]. PMID- 7349359 TI - [A successful case report of subtotal anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus]. PMID- 7349360 TI - [Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7349361 TI - [Report of a case of aneurysm of the descending aorta associated with Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 7349362 TI - [Clinical conference at the 2d Department of Surgery, Okayama University. 2. Chief complaints of disturbance of consciousness in aortic dissecting aneurysm- diagnosis and surgical indication]. PMID- 7349363 TI - Purification and characterization of mouse plasmocytoma RNA polymerase II. PMID- 7349364 TI - [Injuries of the proximal part of the radius (head and neck) with a case report]. PMID- 7349365 TI - [Morphologic classification and problems of the pathogenesis of brain abscess]. PMID- 7349366 TI - [Liver needle biopsy--complete in a single use]. PMID- 7349367 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of insect allergies]. PMID- 7349368 TI - [Type and frequency of indications for genetic counseling in pregnancy]. PMID- 7349369 TI - [Correlation of clinical and intraoperative findings in menisceal lesions and hyperplastic synovitis]. PMID- 7349371 TI - You can help colleagues who have problems. PMID- 7349370 TI - [Practical use of nasotracheal intubation]. PMID- 7349372 TI - How does your state define death? PMID- 7349373 TI - A doctor tackles urban pathology. PMID- 7349374 TI - Are the new state malpractice laws working to protect you? PMID- 7349375 TI - Is California's certificate of merit plan worthwhile? PMID- 7349376 TI - How a country doctor is solving Indiana's malpractice crisis. PMID- 7349377 TI - [Parasitological problems in the stock-breeding farms in the Apennine regions and restoration of the marginal areas to zootechnical production. Introduction]. PMID- 7349378 TI - [Socio-economic damages due to parasitoses in domestic ruminants in the Apennine regions]. PMID- 7349379 TI - [Helminthiasis in herbivores in the pasture: epidemiological indications]. PMID- 7349380 TI - [Political and administrative aspects of current and future interventions of local and regional administrations in the prevention of parasitic diseases in animals]. PMID- 7349381 TI - [Activities of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise: considerations on the problem of parasitism in the Apennine regions]. PMID- 7349382 TI - [Activities of the Zooprophylactic Institute of Latium and of Tuscany in the prevention of parasitoses]. PMID- 7349383 TI - [Activities of the Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and the Marches in prevention of parasitoses]. PMID- 7349384 TI - [Adopted children and their families]. PMID- 7349385 TI - [Social therapy with mentally disturbed youth]. PMID- 7349386 TI - [The patients in the department for mentally disturbed youth in the general hospital]. PMID- 7349387 TI - [The department of adolescent psychiatry in the general hospital from the viewpoint of the administration]. PMID- 7349388 TI - [The function of the psychologist in the hospital]. PMID- 7349389 TI - [The cooperative system in the care of mentally disturbed children and adolescents]. PMID- 7349390 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of urolithiasis in 40 children and the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of urinary calculi]. PMID- 7349391 TI - [Absolute indications for the surgical treatment of neoplasms in the neonatal period and its results]. AB - The tumours of newborn period are usually of disontogenic origin and in some percentage of cases can be diagnosed directly after the child is born. Some of them are urgent for surgery. The authors present 22 own cases operated at the age of 4-28 days of life, in the period 1962-1977. Ten of them were sacro-coccygeal tumours. The indications for surgery were the following: tumours of morphological or clinical malignancies, big tumours disturbing motority of the child, tumours ruptured, bleeding, quickly growing and disturbed renal function. Positive result of the treatment was received in 80%. The authors suggest that cases have to be operated in highly specialized centres devoted to surgical treatment of malignant tumours in children. PMID- 7349392 TI - [The spinal cord compression syndrome in children with mediastinal neuroblastoma]. AB - The authors present 5 cases of mediastinal neuroblastoma in children with the syndrome of medullar compression. The problems of the diagnosis, the treatment and the prognosis are discussed. The attention is called to the rapidity of neurological signs progression and the diagnostic significance of cerebro medullar fluid and radiological examinations (thoracic and vertebral X-rays and myelography). The necessity to decompression (laminectomy) as quick as possible is underlined. The authors indicate that these cases must be evaluated and treated in the complex way and the tumour advancement, neurological disorders, appropriate orthopedic supplies and rehabilitation must be considered respectively. The serious prognosis, especially in children above one year of life, is emphasized. PMID- 7349393 TI - [Stromal sarcoma--a contribution to the theory on the histoclinical aspects of neoplasms]. AB - The authors report histological and clinical analysis of 7 patients with malignant proliferation of the stromal colls in the endometrium. In 3 patients the histological pattern differed form that in the remaining cases in a greater number of cell divisions and higher grade of cell atypia. Despite this, the clinical pattern was similar in nearly all cases. The reported material cannot support the hypothesis of two forms of the disease: stromal sarcoma and stromatosis. Both these diagnoses carry a poor prognosis. PMID- 7349394 TI - [Results of treatment of patients with adenoacanthoma and mixed endometrial carcinoma]. AB - The authors analysed 348 patients with endometrial carcinoma taking into account the diagnoses of adenocarcinoma, adenoacanthoma and mixed carcinoma. In evaluating these patients the degree of histological malignancy, extent of malignant infiltration in the uterus were considered, development of endometrial carcinoma in different phases of life of the women was studied, the hormonal profile and the methods of treatment were analysed. It is stressed that the prognosis of mixed carcinoma is worse than that of adenoacanthoma. PMID- 7349395 TI - [The influence of the diet with different content of magnesium on certain chemical and physical properties of the bones]. AB - The influence of the diet with different magnesium content on chosen chemical and physical properties of bones of young rats was investigated. In the first part of the work the influence of the calcium level in the diet on the content of magnesium and some other mineral constituents in bone was also studied. The investigations were carried out on growing Wistar rats weighing 96-100 g. During 21 days the animals were fed the following semi-synthetic diets: a) with different content of calcium: 0,214, 0,418, 0,610, 0,815% Ca and the same level of magnesium (av. 554 ppm Mg), b) with different content of magnesium and the same level of calcium (av. 0,614% Ca). The content of phosphorus was the same (0,440%) in all the diets. The control diet contained: 0,610% Ca, 0,44% P and 550 ppm Mg. After 21 days of experiment the animals were killed by anesthesia and the femurs and humeri were isolated. They constituted the material for investigations. The results of the investigations showed that the variable level of calcium (from 0,214% to 0,815%) in the diet with the same level of magnesium did not influence the content of magnesium and phosphorus in dry fat-free weight of bones. The body weight of rats fed the diets with different content of calcium was very similar to the control group. On the contrary the weight of femurs and calcium content in dry fat-free weight of bones of rats fed the diet with the lowest level of calcium (0,214%), were smaller than in the control group. In the group of rats fed the diet with 60 ppm Mg the visual symptoms of magnesium deficiency appeared after 7 days of the experiment. After 21 days the body weight and length of bones in this group were smaller than in the control group. Also the content of magnesium and phosphorus in dry fat-free weight of bones, breaking strength, and the strength of twisting destroying moment of bones were lower in this group of rats as compared with the control one (for most indices p less than 0,01). The group of rats fed the diet with 120 ppm Mg differed from the control group only by smaller content of magnesium in dry fat-free weight of bones. There was no statistically significant difference in the group of rats fed the diet with 2060 Mg regarding all indices except for the phosphorus from the control group. PMID- 7349396 TI - [Study of the fertilization capacity of mouse ova activated by thermal shock]. AB - The possibility of fertilization and development of polyspermia was studied in mouse oocytes stimulated to development with thermal shock. Fertilization was done using non-incubated and incubated (capacitated) spermatozoa. The experiment was carried out in several versions. It was observed that thermal shock caused different types of oocyte stimulation. The type of stimulation played no role in the process of spermatozoa penetration into the oocytes. The capacitated spermatozoa had a greater ability of penetration into the stimulated oocytes than non-capacitated ones. The possibility of spermatozoa penetration into stimulated oocytes persisted up to 3 hours after stimulation, but they were not transformed into male pronucleus. The causes and mechanism of this observation are discussed. In the conclusion refertilization as the mechanism of dispermic triploidy has been ruled out. PMID- 7349397 TI - [Induction of triploidy and the development of triploid mouse embryos]. AB - By subjecting A strain eggs at the time of fertilization and polar body extrusion to 5 micrograms ml cytochalasin B digynic triploidy was produced in 80% fertilized eggs. 50% tripronuceate eggs developed into regular morulae and blastocysts with 2/3 the cell number of control diploids. Tripronuceate eggs were transplanted to recipients and examined between 9-11 th day of pregnancy. Development of triploid embryos up to 7 day is normal and most embryos form egg cylinder. At 8 day embryonic part of the cylinders is underdeveloped and in latter development fails to form an embryo. Development of foetal membranes is much less affected and in successfully developing egg-cylinders their formation can be fully accomplished. Failure of embryonic development appears to be due to lower proliferation rate triploid cells than diploid, subnormal activity primitive streak, resulting, in shortage of mesoderm. PMID- 7349398 TI - [Serotonin concentration in the placentas in experimental intrauterine growth retardation]. AB - A number of investigators have shown that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) administration to pregnant animals produces changes in the placenta and leads to death of the fetuses. It has been well known that 5-HT is the most potent umbilical-placental vasoconstrictor and that its administration affects the nutritional function of the placenta. In view of these results it seemed desirable to determine 5-HT concentration in the placenta in experimental intrauterine growth retardation. IUGR was induced on the 17th day of gestation in pregnant rats by ligating the uterine artery of one horn as described by Wigglesworth with the opposite horn left untouched (control). On day 22, fetuses were delivered by C-section. 5-HT was determined by a fluorometric method. Statistical analysis employed the paired Student t-test. Average weight of IUGR fetuses was 3,05 g, whereas control fetuses 4,48. The mean concentration of 5-HT was 11% higher in IUGR fetal placentas. The mean placental concentration in IUGR was 247 micrograms/g of tissue, whereas in control the mean concentration was 222 micrograms/g of tissue. The difference between these placental concentrations was significant (p less than 0,01). We conclude that decreased blood supply to the pregnant rat uterus results in increased concentration in the placenta of 5-HT. PMID- 7349399 TI - [Normal values of serum IgD in children depending on their age]. AB - In the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw there were determined normal values of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE for different ages of children and youth. The determination of normal IgD levels is the last stage in this kind of studies concerning immunoglobulins. IgD levels were estimated in 372 cases in 19 age groups: in the cord sera, infant sera and older healthy children as well as in healthy adults sera. The IgD concentration was determined by Mancini method and given in I.U/ml. The results were statistically analysed. In all samples of cord sera no IgD traces were found. In infant sera (up to one year) IgD level is very low and was detected in 27% of cases. The percentage of detectability as well as the mean IgD concentration in serum grows systematically to the age of 15 years. There is high statistically significant correlation between serum IgD concentration and the age both for the arithmetical means (r = 0,33) and for geometrical values (r = 0,39). The correlation coefficients between detectability of serum IgD and age are higher (linear dependence-r = 0,67, square dependence - r = 0,75). PMID- 7349400 TI - [Sexual dimorphism of somatic characteristics of children of short stature]. AB - The material of normal 199 Warsaw children with hypostatura previously elaborated from the point of view of morphological traits and biological maturity are analysed at present from the point of view of sexual dimorphism. Dimorphic values of the following traits were tested: body height, trunk length, lower extremity length, biacromial diameter, biiliac diameter, chest breadth, chest depth, distal femoral epiph., chest circumference, thigh circumference, arm circumference, subscapular skinfold and body weight. For a more detailed analysis sexual dimorphic index was evaluated. The following conclusions were drawn from this analysis: 1. Sex dimorphism in children with hypostatura is less distinctly expressed than in normal children. 2. The biggest dimorphic differences among analysed anthropologic traits in both age groups concerned the width of distal femoral epiph. 3. Sex dimorphic index of analysed somatic features is in parallel direction with the control group and is of higher value among 7 year old children with hypostatura. 4. Basing on the results, slower biological maturity was confirmed among children under study. PMID- 7349401 TI - [The influence of the menarche on the extent of selected somatic characteristics of Warsaw girls]. AB - The objective of this work was to establish whether the higher level of physical development observed in 13-year old girls as compared with their coevals of 15 years earlier, was due to the earlier maturing of the former, hence to a greater share of menstruating girls in that group. A comparison of the levels of development of selected somatic characteristics and the distribution of frequency of body height in the menstruating and non-menstruating groups, indicates that the secular trend is independent of menarche. PMID- 7349402 TI - [Psychosomatic development and morbidity of 12-month-old infants in Warsaw nurseries]. AB - In 1976 longitudinal investigations of psychomotor and physical development and of the health status of infants brought up in nurseries were undertaken by the Department of Development of Children and Youths of NRI ric. The group of 370 healthy 12-months old from 44 nurseries in Warsaw was studied. It was compared psychomotor and physical development of this infants with those brought up in families. The analysis showed that although psychomotor development level of infants from nurseries was normal--it was lower than the level of psychomotor development of infants brought up in the family. The authors found no considerable differences in length and weight body, head and chest circumference between the infants from children under study. Analysis of present results and similar, earlier results, allows to state advantageous changes of psychosomatic developmental factors. The biggest morbidity was observed among infants brought up in nurseries in 3-th quarter of their life. It's in accordance with average of age enrollment to nurseries. The highest percent of infants were ill in the first month after enrollment to nurseries. Among other diseases the diseases of the respiratory system, especially infections of upper breathing apparatus are in the first place. Presented work is first part of longitudinal and complex investigations. PMID- 7349403 TI - [Measurement of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in children]. PMID- 7349404 TI - [Usefulness of the PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) measured with Wright's apparatus for the diagnosis of chronic respiratory tract diseases in children]. AB - The measurement error was estimated in 5 peak flow meters of Wright serving for measurements of peak respiratory flow rate in children. The estimation was carried out by two methods: 1) comparing the agreement of measurements with the apparatuses connected to steady flow generator. 2) by means of a biological experiment making possible estimation of the apparatuses as well as the subjects carrying out the measurements. The first method, although disagreeing with the design of the apparatus, makes possible sufficiently accurate estimation, is simple, rapid. The second method demonstrated that the only source of differences between the measurements were instruments and not the personnel carrying out the measurements. PMID- 7349405 TI - [Evaluation of the PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) measurement error in using Wright's apparatus]. AB - The usefulness of peak respiratory flow rate (PEFR) was evaluated for investigating chronic respiratory diseases in children. The investigations were carried out in 1088 children aged 8-10 years. The reproducibility of the test, the accuracy confirmed by the results of medical, laryngological, radiological, biochemical investigations and respiratory function tests, as well as the cost of testing, easiness of test application in mass examinations and acceptance by the children were analysed. In the light of these investigations PEFR is regarded to be a very useful simple test which should be widely introduced. It was found also that it is one of the simplest function tests permitting quantitative evaluation of the degree of reduction of ventilation ability of the lungs in children. PMID- 7349406 TI - [Progress in the early detection of inborn errors of metabolism]. AB - The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of screening program for early detection of some metabolic errors in newborn population. The examinations included: early diagnostic of some amino acids and carbohydrates disturbances, cystic fibrosis and congenital hypothyreosis. Guthrie test and multidirectional urine screening test were used for the diagnostics of inborn errors in amino acids metabolism. Guthrie test for phenylalanine proved its high effectiveness and taking into account the relatively high frequency of phenylketonuria in our population this screening has been introduced as obligatory. The evaluation of pilot screening for tyrosinemia, homocystinuria and histidinemia in spite of no objections as to the tests themselves proved low frequency of these disorders in our country, sofar these tests have been abandoned. Multidirectional urine screening carried out in 6-8 weeks old infants allows for follow up control for some aminoacidopathies, and also for the detection of some transport metabolism and other metabolic errors. There is no doubt that screening tests for galactosemia should be carried out because of severe course of the disease and good results of its treatment. Problem to be discussed is the choice of screening procedure and age at which it should be performed. Cystic fibrosis being one of the most common disease in the group of metabolic disorders needs to be screened, because the detection allows for early introduction of complex palliative treatment. The comparative evaluation of three meconium tests for cystic fibrosis revealed dry paper meconium test to be the most useful and following to organize central screening center. Skin chloride system being fast and easy test is too expensive to be introduced as mass screening. Results of pilot screening study for congenital hypothyreosis point out the necessity for the mass diagnostic of this disorders. Choice of the test however is connected with economical aspects of the screening procedure. PMID- 7349407 TI - [Surgical treatment of hermaphroditism in children (evaluation of surgical diagnostic procedures and surgical methods based on 56 treated cases)]. AB - The author presented problems connected with surgical treatment of 56 hermaphrodite patients operated in Surgical Department of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. The classification of sexual abnormalities has been done in according to generally known pathological mechanisms of the external and internal genital organs development. Genital malformation may be due to presence of the abnormal pair of sex chromosomes, disturbed hormonal function of fetal testes, or suprarenal glands. The material was divided and discussed into three groups- mixed gonadal dysgenesis, male pseudohermaphroditism and female pseudohermaphroditism. Operative methods used in diagnostic investigations, and indications for surgical treatment have been considered separately for each group. Especially value of endoscopy and explorative laparotomy in the diagnosis of genital anomalies was stressed. The author presented the methods and own modifications used for reconstruction male and female external genitalia, and early and late results of surgical treatment. On the basis of them suggested trends for sex of rearing in children with ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 7349408 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of meningococcal diseases. I, Morbidity study during non epidemic and epidemic periods in the municipality of Londrina, Parana, Brazil (1965-1975)]. PMID- 7349409 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of meningococcal diseases. II. Mortality study during non-epidemic and epidemic periods in the municipality of Londrina, Parana, Brazil (1965-1975)]. PMID- 7349410 TI - [Phlebotomus in a focus of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the district of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. PMID- 7349411 TI - [Hatching of miracidia as a diagnostic method and therapeutic effectiveness in schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7349412 TI - Temperature and reproduction in tench: effect of a rise in the annual temperature regime on gonadotropin level, gametogenesis and spawning. I. The male. AB - During a 9-month period (corresponding to a sexual cycle), the adult male tench, Tinca tinca, was kept in fish farm ponds receiving heated water from a power plant. In 1974, the males were submitted to three different temperature regimes: group I: ambiant temperature; group II: ambiant temperature +3 degrees C; group III: ambiant temperature + 6 degrees C. The experiment was repeated in 1975, but only using groups I and III. The reproductive cycle and thermal treatment were studied from a quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis, the duration of the spawning cycle and radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement of gonadotropin (GTH) in plasma and pituitary, using a carp RIA system turned out to be sensitive enough to assay tench GTH, which was expressed in a c-GTH equivalent. Spermatogenesis in the tench was a discontinuous process, starting in the spring and finishing in the summer. It began earlier in heated water in which the spawning period was also considerably longer (3 months in group III against 1 month in group I). At the beginning of spermatogenesis, pituitary and plasma GTH was low, but rose rapidly when spermatogenesis was initiated (appearance of type B spermatogonial cysts and meiosis). The highest GTH levels in the blood were recorded during the spawning period, with important fluctuations probably due to discharges from the pituitary. PMID- 7349413 TI - Effects of lactose and mode of sterilization of a lactose diet on mineral metabolism in germ-free and conventional rats. AB - Mineral balances of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Mn, Cu were carried out on 6-week old Fisher rats for 14 consecutive days. Four lots of germfree (GF) and 4 lots of conventional (CV) rats were fed a semi-synthetic diet at weaning containing either 0 or 10 p. 100 of lactose (L). The diet was sterilized either by irradiation (I) or by autoclave (Au). Lactose, when added to the diet, caused very variable modifications of the mineral metabolism, depending on the mineral studied and the mode of sterilization. Thus, retention and apparent absorption of iron were hardly changed by the presence of lactose. On the other hand, those of Mn were strongly enhanced by the lactose. The action of the other minerals was complex; it was modulated either by the mode of diet sterilization, the flora, or by both factors simultaneously. The IL diet increased retention of most of the minerals; in some cases (Na, Zn, P, Ca) it was only evidenced in CV rats; in other cases (Mn, Mg, Cu) its action was visible in both CV and GF animals. Steam sterilized lactose (AuL) considerably reduced this effect and even reversed it. This change in lactose action under the effect of steam sterilization especially affected absorption, which declined for all the minerals, except Zn and Mn. It was accompanied by a drop in the digestive efficiency ratio which was particularly pronounced in GF rats. The destruction of 1/3 of dietary lactose by steam sterilization could not alone explain the differences between the effects of IL and AuL. Other factors, such as the products of the Maillard reaction formed by steam sterilization of the diet, might be implicated. PMID- 7349414 TI - Jejunal calcium permeability in laying hens during egg formation. AB - The permeability of the upper jejunum to water, calcium, potassium, sodium and chloride was measured in the immature pullet and then in the laying hen before and during egg-shell calcification by an in vivo perfusion procedure. Jejunal calcium permeability was constant throughout egg formation. Thus, the increase of net absorption during shell calcification was not due to enhanced mucosal capacity for calcium translocation, but rather to a better solubilization of calcium carbonate in the upper digestive tract. However, this capacity increased at the onset of egg production, as shown by the difference between immature and mature birds. PMID- 7349415 TI - Reduction of cannibalism in pike (Esox lucius) fry by isolation of full-sib families. PMID- 7349416 TI - Induction of autumn moult in mink (Mustela vison Peale and Beauvois) with melatonin. AB - Adult female mink, living in natural conditions of temperature and photoperiod, were treated by melatonin implants in mid-July, when the summer coat was in its resting stage. As a result, a moult was induced 5 to 6 weeks before the normal time; its showed the characteristics of an autumn moult as observed by the gradient of hair changes over the body and the high number of hair follicles per bundle (47 p. 100 more than in the summer coat). The winter coats produced in this way were mature in the early days of October, i.e. 6 to 7 weeks before those of the control group. PMID- 7349417 TI - [Geographic polymorphism of the "valence" of sexual chromosomes, and the monogeny resulting from the crossing of different populations of Porcellio dilatatus Brandt (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscoidea)]. PMID- 7349418 TI - [Plasma testosterone level and structure of the epididymis and accessory organs of the boar (Sus scrofa L.) after hypophysectomy followed by hCG gonadotropin administration]. AB - Hypophysectomy of the boar resulted in a rapid drop in plasma testosterone level. hCG injections (400 IU/day) considerably elevated testosteronemia (up to 16.41 ng/ml). This effect was obtained either in the days following the operation or several months after (up to 134 days). In the latter case, the effect was temporary because the testosterone level dropped again after 15 days of injections. The sexual target organs (epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate and Cowper glands) underwent structural change which, in the epithelium, corresponded to fluctuations in testosterone level. These effects were less marked in the cauda epididymis than in other target tissues. In various target organs, the conjunctivomuscular stroma developed after the operation; it did not regress at all, or incompletely, when the epithelia were stimulated indirectly by hCG, and began to hypertrophy when the hCG was no longer effective. Variations in stromal reaction were organ-dependent. When the hCG was administered for more than 14 days, it seemed to have a desensitizing effect; these mechanisms have been discussed. PMID- 7349419 TI - Somatomedin-A bioactivity in rabbit serum after hypophysectomy. AB - Hall's bioassay was used to determine the somatomedin (Sm) activity pattern after hypophysectomy in young (40 days) and adult (180 days) rabbits. In the young animals, Sm activity decreased a little, but the serum remained slightly active. The serum of the older rabbits progressively lost its sulphation activity and inhibited SO4 uptake after 2 weeks following hypophysectomy. The inhibitory activity could not be destroyed by heating. Concomitantly, the same serum continued to stimulate thymidine uptake. From the present results on bioactivity, it appeared that Sm generation was only partially pituitary-dependent, that the pituitary might control inhibitor synthesis, and that the SO4 and thymidine factors were separate entities, each having its own inhibitor(s). PMID- 7349420 TI - Influence of experimental hypothyroidism on chick myogenesis. AB - The influence on chick myogenesis of hypothyroid status induced in ovo by methimazole was histologically (number and types of muscle fibers) and biochemically studied. A single injection of methimazole induced an hypothyroid status during embryogenesis, as shown by the plasma T4 levels which were separately assayed in male and female controls and treated embryos from day 12 of incubation to day 4 after hatching. In both sexes, control plasma T4 reached a peak on day 20 of incubation, but the female values were significantly higher; plasma T4 in the treated embryos remained at a low level independently of sex. Only methimazole-treated males showed a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the total number of fibers of the two muscles (tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum) studied. Moreover, the histochemical results on succinate dehydrogenase and myofibrillar ATPase evidenced that, of the three fiber types (alpha R, alpha W and beta R) constituting the skeletal muscles, only the alpha fibers increased significantly. Aldolase (glycolytic) and NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (tricarboxylic acid cycle) activities, measured on the adductor and pectoralis muscles, showed a similar developmental pattern in control and treated animals, but was retarded in the latter due to a 5-day delay in hatching. It is not known whether the tissular differences were related directly to the hypothyroid status, to alterations in nervous system differentiation or, as suggested by intersexual differences, to modifications in hormonal balance. PMID- 7349421 TI - Hormones, metabolism and growth. PMID- 7349422 TI - [Secretion, metabolism and transport of aldosterone during the neonatal period of the guinea pig]. AB - Aldosterone-binding to plasma proteins was determined in the guinea-pig by equilibrium dialysis, and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of aldosterone was calculated from experiments in which the labelled hormone was infused at a constant rate into the circulation during the neonatal period; no specific aldosterone-binding protein was found in the plasma. The hormone was weakly bound to the albumine. The MCR of aldosterone (1/day/100 g body weight) was unchanged from birth to day 8, and its values were similar to those found in adults. Since there was no modification in aldosterone-binding to plasma proteins and no change in the MCR from birth to day 3, the high plasma aldosterone concentrations in the guinea-pig were probably related to intense adrenal activity. PMID- 7349424 TI - Somatomedin-A (Sm-A) bioactivity in serum and amniotic fluid as related to weight in the fetal pig. AB - Serum and amniotic fluid Sm-A bioactivity has been assayed in the fetal pig using a double labelling technique. 3H-thymidine activity was always higher in fetuses and lower in sows than 35S activity. 35SO4 uptake was not stimulated or was inhibited in about 30 p. 100 of the fetal sera. 3H-thymidine uptake was stimulated in all of them. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between fetal weight and serum Sm, as judged with both 35SO4 and 3H thymidine. No correlation was found between fetal weight and amniotic fluid Sm, between amniotic fluid and serum Sm or between 35SO4 and 3H activities. It is concluded that the latter activities were due to two or more factors instead of only one. PMID- 7349423 TI - Aldosterone metabolism in pregnant ewes and fetal and newborn lambs. AB - Twenty primiparous Limousine ewes whose fetuses had been chronically catheterized in utero on day 120 of gestation were used. Plasma aldosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during the last 15 days of gestation both in dams and fetuses, and during the first neonatal week in lambs. Aldosterone metabolic clearance rates in dams, fetuses and newborns were determined by continuous infusion of [1, 2, 6, 7-3H]-aldosterone. The highest plasma aldosterone levels were observed in dams on days 130 and 142 of gestation, and in fetuses on days 135 and 140. No correlation was observed between plasma aldosterone and electrolyte levels in the mother, fetus or newborn. Aldosterone metabolic clearance rate decreased between days 142 and 145 in dams and at birth in fetuses of both sexes. No aldosterone transfer could be demonstrated either from dam to fetus or vice-versa. PMID- 7349425 TI - Maturation of glucocorticosteroid activity in the foetal guinea-pig during the end of gestation. AB - Cortisol levels were very high in maternal and foetal plasma during the last days of pregnancy. The percentage of free cortisol was maximal in plasmas of the mother and the foetus on the last day before parturition; the increase in free cortisol levels resulted from the saturation of transcortin binding capacity and from a higher adrenal secretion rate at that time due to stress at the onset of labor. On the last day of pregnancy the foetal adrenals could cover the hormonal needs of the foetus, the foetal-maternal transfer of cortisol being similar to the maternal-foetal transfer. However, the low TCM at cortisol indicated that cortisol catabolism was still immature. The origin of foetal transcortin is still unknown. PMID- 7349426 TI - [Localization, structure and activity of ribosomal genes in the oocyte nucleolus during meiotic prophase]. PMID- 7349427 TI - [Genetic aspects of early developmental arrest]. PMID- 7349428 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of human hemoglobinopathies]. PMID- 7349429 TI - [Hormonal control of vitellogenin synthesis in the Amphipoda Crustacea Orchestia gammarella (Pallas)]. AB - The presence of a vitellogenin stimulating ovarian hormone (VSOH) in Orchestia gammarella has been demonstrated by gonadectomy and ovary grafting. Vitellogenin synthesis is not affected by molting hormone injection; it decreases after Y organ (molting gland) cauterization. Studies in progress seem to indicate that the destruction of the median area of the protocerebrum is followed by a decrease of this synthesis. PMID- 7349430 TI - On the leakage of acrosomal hyaluronidase from the spermatozoa of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - The sonication method produced a quantitatively higher release of buffalo sperm hyaluronidase than the freeze-thaw technique. The released enzyme constituted 10 p. 100 of the total enzymatic activity of the fresh semen. Seminal plasma hyaluronidase activity was not correlated with the motility score of the semen sample. Unlike cattle semen, the seminal plasma enzyme level in buffalo semen stored at 37 degrees C showed a sharp rise, whereas samples stored at 0 degrees C evidenced negligible enzyme leakage. Dilution of semen in citric acid whey (CAW) at 5 or 37 degrees C significantly prevented the enzyme from leaking into the plasma, although more enzyme was released in extended semen when it was exposed to cold treatments. The enzyme was quite stable in both the seminal plasma and the acrosomal preparations during storage when stored at 5 degrees C for prolonged periods. PMID- 7349433 TI - Effect of diet and ovariectomy on adipose tissue cellularity in mice. AB - Three-week old female mice were ovariectomized. From weaning at 4 weeks they were fed either a control or a high fat diet. When 32 weeks old, the ovariectomized mice weighed more than the sham-operated ones, whichever diet they were fed. Food intake decreased 140 days after castration. Ovariectomized mice fed the control diet showed fat cell hypertrophy at three sites and hyperplasia of the perirenal tissue. In mice fed the fat-rich diet, ovariectomy only caused further hypertrophy in the subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue. PMID- 7349431 TI - Digestion of milk protein and methanol-growth bacteria protein in the preruminant calf. I. Kinetics and balance in the terminal small intestine and faecal balance. PMID- 7349432 TI - Digestion of milk protein and methanol-grown bacteria protein in the preruminant calf. II. Amino acid composition of ileal digesta faeces and blood levels of free amino acids. PMID- 7349435 TI - Plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels in pregnant and lactating rabbits. AB - Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in 14 female rabbits during the last 20 days of pregnancy and the first 20 days of lactation than in 11 non-pregnant, non-lactating controls. Plasma magnesium level was similar in both groups. Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels were very low (5.8 +/- 0.4 and 2.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, respectively) in 6 lactating rabbits afflicted with tetany between 7 and 18 days postpartum. When they were intraperitoneally injected with calcium, the calcium and phosphate levels returned to normal within 2 h. PMID- 7349434 TI - [Triglyceride synthesis and oleic acid catabolism by hepatic microsomes and mitochondria in clofibrate or procetofen-treated rats]. AB - Several studies have explained the influence of clofibrate on lipid metabolism, and the depressive effect of this drug on blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels is now well-known. Inhibition of triglyceride formation in the liver, and thus a reduced release of newly synthesized triglycerides coupled with increased fatty acid catabolism, might partially explain the lipid-lowering effect of clofibrate. These in vitro studies were designed to determine the effects of a new normolipemic product, procetofen, on hepatic microsomal synthesis of triglycerides and mitochondrial catabolism of oleic acid. These subcellular particles were isolated from normal rats or those treated for 8 days with clofibrate (250 mg/kg/day) or procetofen (100 mg/kg/day). Microsomal triglyceride synthesis from 3H oleate was not significantly changed in the clofibrate-treated group, while it decreased by 25 p. 100 in the procetofen-treated group. In the mitochondrial system, 14CO2 production from 10-14C oleate was small and unaffected by either drug. Therefore, the radioactivity of acid-soluble products was enhanced by 40 or 130 p. 100 when mitochondria were isolated from the livers of rats treated with clofibrate or procetofen, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that the plasma lipid-lowering effect of procetofen in vivo could be explained by increased hepatic fatty acid degradation which probably induced a reduction of triglyceride synthesis. PMID- 7349436 TI - Electron microscopic study of follicle cell development during vitellogenesis in the marine crustacean Isopoda, Idotea balthica basteri. AB - The ultrastructure of follicle cells has been compared to that of developing oocytes in the marine crustacean isopod, Idotea balthica basteri, at different periods of the molting cycle. There was a distinct change in the shape and size of the follicles and in their relation to each other and to the oocytes. During stage 1 of vitellogenesis (molting cycle period C), spaces between the follicles appeared and enlarged. At the same time, the exogenous yolk fraction penetrated the oocytes, and villi, issuing from both the follicle cells and the oocytes, formed. Maximal follicle cell activity occurred during stge 2 of vitellogenesis (molting cycle period D) when micropinocytotic uptake stopped. This cellular activity was characterized by the synthesis of some granular material and the development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi vesicle. The granular material participated in the formation of the chorion. The follicle cells seemed to degenerate shortly before laying, and thus the follicular epithelium did not appear to be permanent in Idotea. PMID- 7349437 TI - A seasonal study of pinealocytes in the 13-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. AB - A quantitative histological study of pinealocytes in the 13-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, was conducted over a period of one year. Consistent and statistically significant seasonal differences were found in nuclear and nucleolar dimensions suggesting a circannual rhythm in the metabolism of these cells. Annual peaks occurred during hibernation, whereas the nadirs occurred during the period of sexual activity. Differences between sexes in any season were not statistically significant. An inverse relationship between nuclear and nucleolar size and the normal sexual cycle suggests that reproduction in this species may be mediated by the pineal gland. The question of what role, if any, the pineal gland plays in hibernation awaits further experimental evidence. PMID- 7349438 TI - Ovarian meiotic prophase and the fetal pituitary in the rat. PMID- 7349439 TI - Analysis of an Hertwig effect in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) after fertilization with gamma-irradiated sperm. PMID- 7349440 TI - Thermal induction of diploid gynogenesis and triploidy in the eggs of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). AB - Sporadic diploid gynogenetic fry resulted from fertilization with gamma irradiated sperm. Their frequency increased appreciably when thermal shock treatments, beginning during the first hour of development (--0.4 degrees C lasting 6 hrs 45 min; 26-30 degrees C lasting 10 min), were used. When the eggs were fertilized with normal sperm, a good triploidization rate was induced by means of heat shocks (27-30 degrees C lasting 10 min). It is supposed that the retention of the second polar body caused the gynogenetic diploidy observed. PMID- 7349441 TI - Influence of photoperiod on the time of parturition in the rat. I. --Effect of the length of daily illumination on normal or adrenalectomized animals. AB - Four groups of normal rats have been studied to elucidate the effect on the time of birth of four different light regimes applied throughout pregnancy (day 1: beginning of pregnancy). The results showed that the time of parturition (onset of expulsion) depended on the light treatment: the longer the duration of the daily illumination, the longer pregnancy lasted. With a 14 hrs light regime, the births occurred during two main periods: 50 p. 100 before 8 p.m. on day 22 of pregnancy and 36 p. 100 between 5 a.m. and 1 p.m. on day 23. With 8 h of light per day, 69 p. 100 of the rats delivered before 9 p.m. on day 22 and 85 p. 100 before 5 a.m. of day of pregnancy. On the other hand, only 22 and 49 p. 100 of the rats gave birth at the same periods under a 20 hrs light regime. Parturition under a completely dark photoperiod occurred mainly before day 23 of pregnancy and with a different rhythm than those of the preceding groups. The influence of maternal adrenalectomy on the time of parturition was determined using two light regimes (14 or 20 hrs of light per day). Under those conditions, the length of pregnancy was modified; parturition occurred earlier in adrenalectomized than in the normal rats submitted to the same light regime. These results suggest that the effect of light on the time of birth in the rat involves adrenal gland secretions. PMID- 7349442 TI - [Maternal behaviour and mother-young relationships in spiders]. AB - Most species of spiders leave their egg-sacs in a sheltered place. However, some of them look after or carry their egg-sacs until the spiderlings hatch. Others extend their maternal behaviour to feeding their young by regurgitation or by the distribution of prey. The adaptative aspect of this maternal behaviour is shown by a reduced rate of reproduction in the species whose care of progeny is the most sophisticated. The maternal care of the egg-sac depends on the physiological state of the female, that state, in turn, being maintained by the presence of the egg-sac. The tolerance exhibited by the mother towards her offspring implies at least two mechanisms: (i) inhibition of predatory behaviour in response to the movements of an offspring at a distance, (ii) inhibition of cannibalism when in contact with an offspring. The parental relationship can be complemented by cooperation between the young that involves a tolerance mechanism probably close to that of social spiders. PMID- 7349443 TI - [Parental behavior in Dermaptera]. AB - Parent-young relations are far from being unvarying and simple, even within a group as homogeneous and modest in number (1000 actual species) as Dermaptera. Care of the eggs by a female and the contacts she maintains with her larvae are neither established nor developed in an automatic way, but are amenable to important regulations in which behaviour itself is implied. The presence of larvae also has an important effect on the later development of the female's behaviour. Relationships can be established between known inter and intraspecific differences and between. -- the ovarian organization and activity of each species or population, on the one hand and -- the living conditions adopted by each species or population (Labidura riparia, Anechura bipunctata, Forficula auricularia) on the other. Collecting all the eco-etho and physiological data can be useful for understanding the development of Dermapteran maternal behaviour. PMID- 7349444 TI - [Parental relationships in social Hymenoptera]. AB - The societies of Hymenoptera are family groups where several generations live together. Parental relationships are particularly developed and are usually integrated into the division of labor. Parental behaviors include mainly licking, feeding the larvae, thermoregulation and transport of the brood, aiding in pupation and hatching. The parental relationships in social Hymenoptera are developed according to phylogenesis, in the same way as other behavioral types. These relations involve the use of specific signals, some emitted by the young and others by the adults. Some of the signals are learned during an early experience. In these insects, the progeny (or brood) constitute a basic class which is necessary to the physiological and behavioral regulations of the society. PMID- 7349445 TI - [Relationship between adults and juvenile stages of social insects]. PMID- 7349446 TI - Sound stimulation available to the sheep foetus. AB - Work on the uterine sound environment has been carried out by implanting a hydrophone on the neck of the foetus in two pregnant ewes a few weeks before term. Stimulation with sounds of known amplitude and the use of calibrated microphones and a frequency analyser enabled us to assess (1) the amount of attenuation of sounds of different frequency when they had passed through the maternal tissues and amniotic fluid to become available to the foetus, (2) the absolute level of sound entering the amnion from within the mother and (3) the recognizability of external sound such as speech, when recorded from within the uterus. One puzzling feature of the results has been our inability to hear those sounds which are commonly believed to constitute a predominant stimulus for the foetus: those produced by the maternal cardiovascular system. PMID- 7349447 TI - Mutual recognition between ewes and lambs. AB - Studies to investigate the relative value of sight, hearing and smell in mutual recognition between ewes and lambs are described. The method used was to alter clues that could aid in recognition, rather than interfering with the animal's sensory perception. When lambs were coloured with powdered dyes to change appearance, this produced marked avoidance by the dams of the treated lambs. When lambs were partially coloured, the ewes' greatest reaction was shown to lambs whose heads were coloured. Other experiments compared the role of vision and hearing by observing recognition when the ewes or lambs were hidden behind screening, or muted. The results indicate that while olfaction is important for recognition when the ewe and lamb are close together, visual clues are of major importance in maternal discrimination and auditory clues are important for the lambs as they get older. PMID- 7349448 TI - Importance of the characteristics of the young in the manifestation and establishment of maternal behaviour in sheep. AB - The role played by the lamb in the regulation of maternal behaviour of the ewe around parturition was investigated in three experiments. In the first, the spontaneous manifestation of that behaviour was observed in parturient ewes when their lambs were swapped with either newborn or 12 to 24-hr old alien lambs. The ewes were undisturbed, or only slightly so, when their lambs were exchanged for alien newborn. In contrast, very obvious and significant differences were observed when swapping involved 12 to 24-hr old lambs. In the second experiment, ewes totally separated from their lambs at birth and for 12 hrs accepted a newborn alien lamb more readily than their own 12-hr old lamb at the time of reunion. In the third experiment, ewes were maintained in partial contact with their lambs for 12 hrs and maternal behaviour was tested at that time. The ewes remained maternal up to the time of testing only if they could smell their lambs. It was concluded that some characteristics of the newborn lamb are necessary for the development of adequate maternal behaviour. PMID- 7349449 TI - The social milieu of the developing monkey: studies of the development of social perception. PMID- 7349450 TI - [Olfactory stimulation in the relationship between child and mother]. AB - In this paper, we report new data on mutual olfactory recognition between mother and child. Newborn infants were filmed since birth. When awakening in the mother's room at the Clinical Hospital, they were confronted with a cotton pad impregnated with diverse secretions of the mother and a cotton pad impregnated with the same secretions of another mother or a pad with no specific odour. We used a double-blind technique. By analyzing the films, frame by frame, we found that the whole area swept by the nose and the arms was significantly decreased in the child whose nose came into contact with the "mother" pad. The method could be used to study other sensory abilities in the baby. The olfactory abilities of the mother in relation to the baby were also tested with the double-blind principle. We found (i) on the 3rd and 4th days after birth, most mothers recognized the baby's odour, (ii) this faculty decreased from the 4th to the 6th day, and finally (iii) increased from the 8th day. These results are discussed. We also found that one-third of 3 to 5 years old children more often chose a tee-shirt worn against the mother's skin for 2 to 3 days than any other tee-shirt (worn by an alien mother or with no specific odour). It appears that olfactory cues can play a role in the attachment of the baby to its mother, and that they still are involved in that process when the child is between 3 and 5 years old. PMID- 7349451 TI - [Language perception in the newborn infant: some observations]. AB - Initial state dispositions in the new-born infant allow him/her to perceive linguistically pertinent speech differences in a manner comparable to that of adults. The specificity of language processing based on the categorical perception of speech stimuli is questioned. Our studies are now oriented towards defining the status of the syllable as a perceptive unit in language. A further area of research is proposed, based on the study of the supra-segmental properties of language on which the infant can base his recognition of the speaker. PMID- 7349452 TI - [The development of young children reared in an insulated sterile box: psychological problems and parental relationship]. AB - Five children with severe immunodeficiency who received a transplantation of lymphoid cells were placed in a Trexler's isolator for several months during the time necessary to obtain an immunological reconstitution. We have observed these patients longitudinally (from 2 to 7 years), and have considered the various parameters necessary to preserve a satisfactory psychological development and a good adaptative capacity. Among these, the careful and affective attention of nurses and parental behaviour appeared to be the most important. Excellent development was obtained in three patients who had no severe organic difficulties and for whom the above parameters were positive. The cause of two unsatisfactory results seemed to be due to intricate multifactorial events, including parental deprivation. PMID- 7349453 TI - Early mother-child contact and nursing. PMID- 7349454 TI - [Conscious instead of instinctive behavior: efficient replacement of the mother child relationship in residential nurseries]. AB - When the mother of the human baby must be permanently replaced, a solution must be found which is not based upon the spontaneous behavior of the substitute. The nurse-child relationship in any residential nursery, efficiently replacing the mother-child relationship, differs from that relation in its essential characteristics. The origins, motivation and the elements composing the relationship are different, as well as its future. Any demand on the nurse to assume an attitude similar to the instinctive maternal one is false and dangerous. While intensifying the personal characteristics of care, the nurse should always keep in mind that it is not her own child she is rearing. In spite of her devotion, feelings and affectionate exchanges with the child, she must consciously remain in line with her profession. While showing warmth to all the children in her guard, the residential nursery nurse must control her attachment to prevent the children from becoming objects of her unlimited and uncontrolled emotions. The results of catamnestic studies on former pupils of the Loczy Institute in Budapest seem to prove that the institutional model used protects the child from serious deficiencies, insures good development and organization of the personality and gives him a good basis for relationships with other people. PMID- 7349455 TI - [Theoretical model of the development of sensitivity to specific stimulations intervening in parental relationships]. AB - A comparison of six studies on the development of specific stimulation recognition in parental relationships reveals some common points. In all cases, the recognition of complex specific stimulations is obtained by practice (in contact with the environment) in dealing with a simple stimulation which does not seem to be learned. The configuration of the final complex specific stimulation is associated with the simple, initial stimulation, both of them belonging to the same sensory register. The efficiency of the new stimulation makes the first one obsolete. From these convergences we have constructed a working model to determine the profile of individual sensitivity in time: the simple, initial stimulation would complement a rigid sensitivity site, situated within a flexible, pliable sensitivity, which would be modeled by and rigidified at the contact of the complex stimulations associated with the efficient simple stimulation. In the initiation of a same behavior, a time relation is thus established between the basic, simple specific stimulation and the final complex stimulation. The new rigid sensitivity of the individual could eventually serve as a starting point for another sensitivity, corresponding to a still more complex stimulation. PMID- 7349456 TI - Temperature and reproduction in tench: effect of a rise in the annual temperature regime on gonadotropin level, gametogenesis and spawning. II. The female. AB - Female tench were bred for two consecutive years under different thermoperiods; the effect of the thermoperiods on vitellogenesis, spawning, plasma and pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) levels was studied. The temperature did not affect development during the preparatory period. We found no ovarian development below 10 degrees C. The temperature accelerated vitellogenesis only if the mean daily average was more than 10 degrees C, and the rate of increase of that parameter from 10 to 23 degrees C (spawning temperature) determined female fertility. The date of first spawning may be predicted by the summation of degree-days higher than 10 degrees C. GTH secretion increased during vitellogenesis to reach maximal values during spawning. The data indicate a gonadotropin surge at the beginning of each spawning. There was no difference between plasma GTH levels at the various temperatures, but pituitary GTH was higher in the groups bred under the highest temperatures. PMID- 7349457 TI - Interactions between Maillard's reaction products, the microflora of the digestive tract and mineral metabolism. AB - 3 p. 100 of Maillard's reaction products (MRP), obtained by mild heating of glucose and glycine, were added to a semi-synthetic diet sterilized by irradiation. This resulted in increased dry matter excretion, more marked in axenic than in holoxenic rats, and in reduced apparent absorption of sodium and potassium in holoxenic rats. The addition of these products caused diarrhoea in axenic animals, thus preventing a good estimation of apparent absorption. It led to a significant decrease in the retention of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and copper only in the axenic rats. It is shown that MRP affect mineral metabolism and that the microflora plays a protective role in the physiology of digestion. PMID- 7349458 TI - The control of male fertility by 6-chloro-6-deoxysugars. AB - 1. 6-Chloro-6-deoxyglucose (24 mg/kg/day) produces a rapid and reversible antifertility effect in the male rat but high doses (greater than 200 mg/kg/day) produce spermatocoeles. In the mouse repeated high doses (480 mg/kg/day) cause paralysis of the hind limbs but there is no effect on fertility. 2. Spermatozoa from rats treated with 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose (24 mg/kg/day) are unable to metabolize glucose and rapidly become exhausted when glucose is the only substrate supplied. Glycolysis is inhibited at the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. These spermatozoa can obtain energy by oxidizing pyruvate or lactate. 3. The side effects prevent the use of 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose by humans but a fuller understanding of their mode of action may lead to the development of compounds with a more selective attack on spermatozoa. PMID- 7349459 TI - The effects of pig follicular fluid upon the ultrastructure of rat granulosa cells in tissue culture. AB - The ultrastructure of rat granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles has been investigated after incubation in control fetal calf serum (FCS) medium with or without LH (1 micron/ml), and in total or steroid-free pig follicular fluid (FF) medium. While the cells had a similar ultrastructure after 1 day of incubation in these media, significant differences were detectable after 3 days. In FCS supplemented with LH, autolysis and phagocytotic activity remained elevated, and cells did not develop any of the typical ultrastructural features of steroid secreting cells. In contrast, total FF induced complete differentiation of mitochondrial cristae from the lamelliform to the villiform type. Steroid-free FF induced the same array of effects as total FF, except that mitochondrial differentiation was not complete. These observations together with those of previous studies, in which progesterone secretion was measured in cells incubated in the same media, suggested that the development of the capacity to secrete progesterone in rat luteal cells could be directly related only to mitochondrial differentiation. PMID- 7349460 TI - [The relationship between heart rate and type of growth in the domestic fowl]. AB - The heart rate at 6 and 24 weeks of age and the relative weight of the heart at 8 and 24 weeks were studied in four strains of domestic fowl, differing in growth and, in this study, in body weight. Heart rate at 6 weeks of age was not related to sex, body weight, absolute or relative heart weight. Heart rate at 24 weeks of age was related to relative heart weight at 24 weeks, to absolute heart weight at 6 and 24 weeks, and to body weight at 6 weeks. There was a marked sex effect at 24 weeks. No within-species relationship between heart rate and body weight was found, but a negative correlation existed between heart rate and relative heart weight. PMID- 7349462 TI - Influence of photoperiod on the time of parturition in the rat. II. Demonstration of a photoinducible phase and determination of some of its characteristics. AB - Parturition time has been chosen to investigate whether a photoinducible phase exists during the light-dark cycle in the rat. A 1-hr light stimulation was given during the dark phase at various times after the beginning of the principal photoperiod or conventional dawn. The rats kept under 8 hrs of light and 16 hrs of darkness from mating (day 1 of pregnancy) gave birth to most of their pups on the afternoon of day 22 of pregnancy when the light pulse was applied 9 to 18 hrs or 22 to 23 hrs after dawn. Parturition was delayed till day 23 when the light pulse was given 18 to 22 hrs after dawn. In the same manner, under 16 hrs of light and 8 of darkness, most of the parturitions occurred on day 23 of pregnancy when a light pulse was given 22 hrs after dawn; they extended over two preferential periods--one on day 22 (about 50 p. 100) and the other on day 23 when the light pulse was given 16 to 17 hrs or 18 to 19 hrs after dawn. Thus, the stimulation of the photoinducible phase, found at the end of the dark period, resulted in retarded parturition. That delay was also observed when the light pulse was only given during the final days of pregnancy. Most parturitions occurred on day 22 of pregnancy under a short photoperiod to which 5 hrs of light were added during the dark phase at a time not coinciding with the photoinducible phase. This suggested that the effect of the principal light regime and the stimulation of the photoinducible phase could be dissociated. PMID- 7349461 TI - [Comparative effects of a diet enriched in live or heated yogurt on the immune system of the mouse]. AB - Growth was fastest in mice fed yogurt. There was no difference in the effects of live or heated yogurt on the ponderal curve or the organ weight of vaccinated or unvaccinated mice. Sera antitoxin levels were slightly elevated in animals fed live yogurt and given an antitetanus vaccination at the particular concentrations used. Significantly high IgG2a immunoglobulin levels were found only in unvaccinated mice fed live yogurt. Histological examination before, and particularly after, antitetanus vaccination confirmed these findings in the thymus and especially in the spleen. PMID- 7349463 TI - [Comparative evolution of the body composition of 3 genetic types of rabbits during postnatal development]. AB - The postnatal growth of 45 male rabbits, from matings of Little Russian (PR), New Zealand White (NZ) or much less than Geant blanc du Bouscat much greater than (GB) sire (widely different in mature body weight) with New Zealand White does has been studied between 14 and 84 days. Until 70 days, a strong maternal effect dissimulated the genetic potentialities of ponderal growth in the three types of rabbits (table 1). Those which had the highest mature body weight due to their genetic origin, showed the fastest ponderal growth rate but were the last to attain a given degree of maturity in body weight. The development of carcass components was studied using allometric relations (table 3). The classification of body components in decreasing order of precocity (increasing o der of allometric coefficients) was as follows: bone tissue, muscle tissue, DNA, minerals, water, proteins and lipids for biochemical components. The allometric coefficients of bone and muscle tissues, water, lipids and DNA differed in the three genetic types, explaining the differences in body composition observed among those types compared at equal age, weight or degree of maturity in body weight (table 4). The body composition depended not only on the physiological stage, but also on the rate at which it was attained. The progeny of much less than Geant blanc du Bouscat much greater than had low carcass qualities: reduced adiposity and muscle/bone ratio; Little Russians and New Zealands showed higher precocity: at all the stages studied, the (PR X NZ) rabbits exhibited the highest carcass adiposity, while the New Zealand rabbits had the best muscle/bone ratio. PMID- 7349464 TI - [The functioning of the mitochondrial system and respiration at the 5th larval instar in Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera)]. AB - The profiles of respiratory rate, total proteins, mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial activity have been described during the fifth instar of Pieris brassicae reared either under long-day or short-day photoperiod. There was no fundamental difference per unit of live weight between the long-day and short-day larvae. The biochemical characteristics of the larval mitochondria have been described, and the mitochondria were shown to oxidize succinate better than alpha glycerophosphate. Two periods during the fifth instar were related to mitochondrial activity. During the first one, this specific activity was high during 50 to 60 p. 100 of the instar; it then decreased. This alteration was superimposed on changes in the hormonal balance. It is shown that the respiratory rate was not only a passive response to the energy demand, and that specific mitochondrial activity must be considered as a parameter of the development program. PMID- 7349465 TI - Quantitative studies on spermatogenesis in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - The qualitative behaviour of spermatogenetic cells and Sertoli cells in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was studied by identifying 8 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle based on meiotic division and morphology as well as the position of more mature spermatids. To achieve better results, stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 were sub-divided. Six peaks of spermatogonial mitosis suggested six generations of spermatogonia. Of these, three were due to A (A1, A2, A3), two to B (B1, B2) and one to intermediate spermatogonia. However, another category of spermatogonia (A0), which divided rarely, were also present at all stages of the cycle. A1, A3, ln-, B1-spermatogonia and secondary spermatocytes showed 20, 18.75, 10.2, 15.5 and 10 p. 100 degeneration, respectively, No degeneration was observed in A2 and B2-spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes or spermatids. The degeneration of these various spermatogenetic cells greatly affected the efficiency of spermatogenesis. PMID- 7349466 TI - Origin of high slow-wave frequency in the dog colon. AB - Using intraparietal and intraluminal electrodes, duodenal and colonic electrical activities were simultaneously recorded in dogs under pentobarbital anaesthesia to study the temporal relationship between the slow-wave frequency of the colon and that of the proximal duodenum. The colonic electromyogram showed two distinct slow-wave frequencies, one in the range of 7-9 cycles/min, and the other in the range of 18-19 cycles/min. The latter was synchronized to that observed on the duodenum, and disappeared after removal of the entire duodenum and the proximal jejunum over 90 cm, from 8 to 98 cm from the pylorus. After transversally cutting the muscular layers of the duodenum at 8 cm from the pylorus, the high slow-wave frequency of the colon decreased to 16-16.5 cycles/min, similarly to that observed on the duodenum aborally to the section. When another section was performed 5 cm aborally to the first cutting level, the colonic slow-wave frequency was again synchronized to that of the duodenum observed aborally to the second section. Intraduodenal infusion of cold water decreased the amplitude of both the duodenal and the colonic slow-waves by 50 p. 100 and the frequency by 30 p. 100. Since all these experimental procedures did not affect the colonic slow wave frequency at 7-9 cycles/min, and no temporal relationship was found between duodenal and colonic spiking activities, it was concluded that (i) the colonic slow-wave frequency at 18-19 cycles/min, recorded from both the intraparietal and the intraluminal electrodes in dog, was an "artefact" of duodenal activity acting as an electric dipole and (ii) that the only slow-wave frequency of 7-9 cycles/min was generated by the colon. PMID- 7349467 TI - [Effect of a liquid protein meal on acid secretion, gastric emptying and serum gastrin before and after fundic vagotomy for duodenal ulcer]. AB - Using a technique adapted from the intragastric titration method of Fordtran and Walsh, food-stimulated acid secretion, gastrin release and gastric emptying have been investigated before and after proximal vagotomy in 11 duodenal ulcer patients. Vagal denervation of the proximal stomach resulted in (i) a 40 p. 100 decrease in acid secretion in response to a protein meal; this response was of the same magnitude as the reduction in pentagastrin-stimulated acid output, (ii) a marked increase in food-induced gastrin release, suggesting a relationship between antral gastrin release and fundal vagal innervation since antral pH remained constant and the amount of protein and the distension volume within the antrum were the same as before proximal vagotomy, (iii) a slowing down of the initial phase of gastric emptying of the liquid protein meal in 5 patients, a slight acceleration in 4 and no change in 2. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7349468 TI - [Influence of the vagus nerve on the electromyographic activity of the antropyloric region in the rabbit]. AB - The electromyographic activity of the stomach antrum and pylorus was recorded in rabbits in acute experimental conditions. Stimulation of the distally cut end of a cervical vagus induced an increase of EMG activity. These results confirm the existence of motor efferent fibers in the vagus. Stimulation of the central end of the vagus inhibited the spontaneous or evoked EMG activity. It is likely that the efferent fibers stimulated by the afferent volley were preganglionic, synapsing with inhibitory myenteric neurons. PMID- 7349470 TI - [Fistulation of the stomach and residual gastric contents after ingestion of a semi-purified diet of maize starch base in the pig]. AB - Gastric emptying was studied by measuring the residual gastric contents in 6 pigs weighing an average 56.5 kg and fitted with an indwelling gastric cannula in the middle of the greater curvature of the stomach. The feed offered was a semi purified test meal, including 1 980 g of fresh matter, 880 g of dry matter, 61.9 g of total crude protein (N x 6.25), 7.1 g of soluble crude protein, 720 g of total starch (glucose and all its alpha-derivatives) and 7 g of hydrosoluble starch. These components were determined in the gastric contents collected at the following intervals after the meal: 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 7 h. The inoffensiveness of stomach fistulation was checked by recording the electromyographic activities of the gastric antrum. The results on gastric emptying are given in figure 2. The total residual amounts of crude protein and starch were closely related to the amounts of dry matter. The soluble crude protein fraction increased stepwise, reaching 55 p. 100 of the total crude protein fraction 7 h after the meal. The soluble starch fraction was always less than 1 p. 100 of the total starch fraction. As calculated by difference, the amounts emptied were compared with those measured directly by collecting the duodenal contents in similar experimental conditions. This comparison of emptying kinetics showed large differences according to the technique used. Gastric emptying of dry matter was steadier and more marked within the 7-hour range when using gastric fistulation. The considerable difference also observed in the case of starch (fig. 3) may be interpreted as an underestimation of duodenal content starch because of the interference of bile pigments with H2O2 measurement in the enzyme analyses. A comparison of starch emptying kinetics with those of the absorption of reducing sugars suggested that sugar absorption might be restricted due to the velocity of starch hydrolysis by pancreatic alpha-amylase. PMID- 7349469 TI - [The role of splanchnic afferences of the duodeno-pancreatic zone in vomiting]. AB - The duodenum and pancreas of the cat send splanchnic afferences via the anterior nerve branches. The latter run along the coeliac artery. The stimulation of those pathways induced pattern alteration of the respiratory command signal. After an interruption of phrenic nerve discharge, the respiratory function was mobilized to empty the stomach. It is suggested that the duodenum is systematically involved in all types of vomiting. PMID- 7349471 TI - [Gastric emptying of food and ethanol given alone or together]. PMID- 7349472 TI - [Quantitative cineradiologic study of antral motility]. AB - The quantitative determination of antral motility from X-ray pictures was studied in 12 normal fasting subjects whose average age was 25. A sequence of 10 pictures was obtained while the subjects were lying prone, in apnea during 30 sec, and after drinking a barium sulfate suspension. The sinus and antral surfaces were quantitatively determined by a videoplanimeter. The antral area decreased from a relaxed state to 50 p. 100 in 10.4 +/- 2.8 sec and completed emptying in 23.1 +/- 3.6 sec. The maximal surface included a portion of the sinus and was evaluated in a range of 5.5 to 12 cm2. The relaxed period was very short. A coefficient to evaluate the contractile efficiency of the antrum is given by the product of total surface variation per gastric period. PMID- 7349473 TI - [Characteristics of the functional compartmentation of the small intestine. Study at the duodenal level in the rat]. AB - A radiological study using the conscious rat (n = 23) showed the different putative compartments at the duodenal level. We report here the in vitro pressure volume-time of two compartments. The first one extended 0 to 1.7 cm +/- 0.3 from the pylorus, while the second one included the junction with the common biliopancreatic duct. The significant results showed that the first compartment had relative stretch with predominant pendulum motility; the threshold stretch for the onset of this motility was 58 p. 100 of the mean maximum diameter. It thus appeared to have a capacitive function, whereas the second compartment acted as a propulsion system in which the threshold stretch for peristalsis was 29 p. 100 of the mean maximum diameter. PMID- 7349474 TI - [Electromyographic correlations of ingesta movements in the proximal digestive tract of the hen]. AB - Digesta transit along the oesophagus, crop and stomach has been determined by the migration of spike bursts correlated with cineradiographic observations in hens fitted with chronically implanted electrodes. The passage of digesta along the oesophagus corresponded to the propagation of isolated spike bursts. During crop filling, the activity was weak, its emptying being mediated by migrating repetitive spike bursts. A cyclically recurring electrical activity was noted for the glandular and muscular stomachs and the duodenum; their motility is described in relation to digesta movements. PMID- 7349475 TI - [Collection of digesta flowing into the large intestine after post-ileocolic valve fistulation: preliminary results]. AB - The various techniques of ileocaecal reentrant fistulation now used to collect digesta flowing from the small into the large intestine, do not provide an accurate estimate of digestion in the small intestine. Their main disadvantages are: an erroneous description of the kinetics of food passage (collection proximal to the valve or bypass of the ileocaecal valve) and changes in the ileal microflora. A new surgical technique is described (fig. 1) for collecting the digesta as they have been propelled through the ileocaecal valve, thus maintaining the functional role of the valve. When using such a technique, the digesta collected into a rubber bag must be returned to the proximal colon by the investigator. Using this post-ileocolic valve fistulation technique, the disorders commonly reported with the other techniques are avoided, and a true picture of food passage at the ileocaecal valve is obtained. PMID- 7349476 TI - [Duality of the myoelectric activity of the colon in the animal]. AB - The electrical activity of the different regions of the colon was recorded from chronically implanted electrodes in six different species. Two types of spiking activity were identified as common to all the species: short spike bursts (SSB), lasting less than 5 sec, occurring in series and localized at one electrode site, and long spike bursts (LSB) of more than 5 sec in duration and propagated over a colonic segment. No relationships were found between the anatomical or feeding peculiarity and the spiking activity of a species. Intense SSB activity was always associated with the formation of dried pellets. The propulsion of digesta seemed to be related to the LSB, their preponderance being associated to the shortest transit times. PMID- 7349477 TI - [An hypothesis of the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in the rabbit based on a study of intestinal contents]. AB - Experimental diarrhoea was induced in young rabbits by inoculation with Eimeria intestinalis and E. flavescens. The mineral composition of the intestinal contents was studied and compared to those of control animals. In the jejunum, ileum, caecum, proximal and distal colon, the sum (Na+ + K+) was linearly related to the water content of those segments. The regression lines were the same for all the animals, but the means were different, indicating that the defect in water absorption was due to a lack of sodium reabsorption at the site of coccidia implantation. In the colon, sodium was reabsorbed against potassium secretion. This exchange diffusion mechanism explains the excessive loss of potassium in rabbit diarrhoea as well as the marked hypokalemia. PMID- 7349478 TI - [Effect of a protein-deficient diet (5 p. 100 gluten) and of balanced refeeding (15 p. 100 casein) on potential lipase, colipase-dependent lipase and phospholipase A2 activities. I. In the growing rat pancreas]. AB - The intake of a 5 p. 100 gluten diet as the only protein source caused an overall protein synthesis deficiency that immediately stopped the rat growth. At first, the pancreas was less affected than the rest of the organism, but after 29 days of malnutrition, there was a 40 p. 100 decrease in body and pancreatic weight. The protein level of the deficient pancreas remained at that of the controls. Refeeding caused a considerable but temporary increase in that level after 24 h. The specific enzyme activities (AS) showed high variations from one day to the other, but only phospholipase A2 AS was significantly affected by the deficiency (--50 p. 100). Total lipase activities of the pancreas were reduced by 50 p. 100 and those of phospholipase A2 by 70 p. 100. Refeeding caused a considerable increase in lipase activities in 12 h and in phospholipase A2 activity in 48 h, but this process was brief and did not indicate complete recovery of those activities. After 27 days of refeeding, only phospholipase A2 showed good levels. Adding methionine to the deficient diet only changed the colipase level; this constitutes one more argument in favor of a distinct synthesis for this factor and for lipase. PMID- 7349479 TI - [Effect of a protein-deficient diet (5 p. 100 gluten) and of balanced refeeding (15 p. 100 casein) on potential lipase, colipase-dependent lipase and phospholipase A2 activities. II. In the pancreatic juice of the growing rat]. AB - We experimented with a diet resembling a protein-deficient one eaten by man, having a low protein level and proteins of poor biological value. Malnutrition caused weight loss accompanied by an overall reduction of ingesta. However, the food intake, as compared to animal weight, was the same in the undernourished animals as in the controls. Bile and pancreatic juice outputs were not altered continuously and regularly but with the poor protein diet, they were lower. Refeeding a balanced diet caused these outputs to increase. When 0.6 p. 100 of methionine was added to the deficient diet, no significant difference was noted in the outputs of the rats eating the deficient diets. Enzyme activities in the juice and pancreas varied widely from one day to another during malnutrition and during refeeding. The mean values of specific activities, which masked these variations, showed that malnutrition did not significantly decrease the phospholipase A2 activity in the pancreatic juice, while potential lipase and colipase-dependent lipase activities declined. Refeeding temporarily stimulated specific phospholipase A2 and potential lipase activities the third day; colipase dependent lipase activity was not activated. After 2 to 3 weeks of refeeding, the specific activities of the three enzymes were similar to the control values, but were no longer so at the end of refeeding. This would suggest a return to the normal, as shown by the oscillations around the control values. Protein malnutrition, as refeeding, did not in general cause the same changes in all the enzymes at the same time. PMID- 7349480 TI - [Lysozyme in the material and the digestive secretions of the domestic rabbit]. AB - Lysozyme is present in the salivary secretions and a low level has been reported for the bile and the pancreatic juice. It has been found to be absent from the digestive material of the rabbit stomach and small and large intestines as well as from the intestinal secretions taken from temporary fistulae placed at the duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colic levels. However, secretions obtained by permanent intestinal and gastric fistulae showed high enzyme levels. Lysozyme is thus of probable plasmatic origin. The question of Paneth cell secretion is still to be determined. PMID- 7349481 TI - [Influence of age on the secretion of gastric juice and electrolytes in the preruminant calf]. AB - Four preruminant Friesian calves were fitted with an innervated abomasal fundic pouch cut from the lesser curvature. They were fed twice daily a milk substitute containing only spray-dried skim-milk powder as protein source. The daily outflow of gastric juice regularly increased from 400 to 1 800 g/day between 2 and 16 weeks of age and did not change later. The daily outflow/100 kg liveweight increased until 7 to 9 weeks of age and decreased later until 30 weeks (fig. 1). The pH of the secretion always ranged between 1 and 2, except during the days following surgery and when the calves were ill (fig. 2). Expressed in absolute terms, the total outflow of hydrogen, sodium, potassium and chloride ions increased with age; this was mainly due to the increase in the outflow of gastric juice since the ion concentration showed a cyclic pattern with age (fig. 3). When expressed on a liveweight basis, the daily ion output alternatively showed increasing and decreasing periods, mainly in relation to changes in concentration, but no significant trend with age was observed (fig. 4). PMID- 7349482 TI - [Influence of amount and mode of administration of triglycerides on absorption and hydrolysis of bile phosphatidylcholines in the rat]. PMID- 7349483 TI - [Puromycin action on intestinal lipid absorption in male and female rats]. AB - The effect of puromycin on absorption balance and mucosal lipid distribution was studied during intestinal absorption of 14C oleic acid and 3H palmitic acid, using the isolated intestinal loop of male and female rats in situ. In puromycin treated animals, mucosal lipid uptake was reduced and mucosal lipid content increased, particularly with oleic acid and in male rats. The phospholipids were significantly reduced. As revealed by mucosal accumulation of free fatty acids, esterification was particularly inhibited with oleic acid and in female rats. These results might explain why portal blood radioactivity was higher in treated rats than in the controls. Puromycin effect occurred at different stages of lipid absorption and varied with sex. PMID- 7349484 TI - [Actidione-cycloheximide and the route of intestinal absorption of lipids in the rat]. AB - The effect of actidione-cycloheximide on the intestinal absorption of 14C oleic acid was studied on male rats using the ex vivo perfusion technique in control rats and those treated with a protein synthesis inhibitor. With the amounts of lipid infused, the radioactivity recovered in portal blood lipids was the same in treated rats and in controls. However, differences were observed in the appearance of oleic acid in the portal blood during the first 15 min. When protein synthesis was inhibited, absorption occurred earlier via the portal blood. The absorption balance in this type of experiment was considerably lower than normal absorption probably because or surgical stress. In conclusion, when esterification was impaired, oleic acid seemed to be absorbed via the portal blood at the beginning of the experiment like short or medium-chain fatty acids. PMID- 7349485 TI - [Influence of pH on the transfer of volatile fatty acids in the isolated cecal wall of the rat]. AB - The influence of pH on the transfer of acetic, propionic and butyric acids was studied in vitro using everted sacs of the rat caecum. The sacs were filled with 2 ml of saline medium and then shaken 1 hr at 38 degrees C in flasks containing the same medium. A Krebs-Ringer phosphate incubation medium was used with O2 as gas phase. Incubation mediums containing 15 mM acetic, propionic and butyric acids were adjusted to give three different pH values: 7.91, 7.00 and 6.03. After incubation the mucosal and serosal fluids were collected and samples were taken to determine the pH and the volatile fatty acid concentrations. The pH values of mucosal and serosal fluids changed slightly during the course of the experiments. There was net volatile fatty acid influx into caecal tissue from the serosal medium and into the mucosal medium from the caecal tissue. Lowering the pH from 7.00 to 6.03 resulted in a significant decrease of serosal volatile fatty acid influxes. Caecal tissue retained more volatile fatty acids by lowering the pH from 7.91 to 7.00 and 6.03. Acetic acid accumulated in the caecal tissue against its electro-chemical gradient at pH 6.03. Two different mechanisms appeared to favor the transport of ionized and non-ionized forms of volatile fatty acids through the caecal membranes. PMID- 7349486 TI - Origin and utilization of volatile fatty acids in the rat. AB - The arteriovenous differences in the caecum of the rat have been compared for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and for electrolytes. Our results suggest the possibility of an exchange between VFA and chloride at the level of the caecal wall, rather than a net exchange between VFA and bicarbonate; however, the role of bicarbonate or Cl- at the cellular level is still unknown. Acetate uptake by the liver was enhanced when acetate in the afferent plasma was increased in fed as in starved rats, showing that acetyl CoA synthetase was still active during starvation. A release of endogenous acetate was only observed in situations of very active ketogenesis (starvation at the end of pregnancy). In physiological conditions, propionate and butyrate reaching the liver were almost quantitatively removed. However, butyrate was taken up by the liver at a higher rate than propionate after intracecal loads. Propionate was very efficiently utilized as a glucogenic substrate and without noticeable disturbance of lactate metabolism. After administration of acetate loads in starved rats, hepatic ketogenesis increased slightly. There was a marked difference between ketogenesis from butyrate in fed and starved rats. The low ketogenesis from butyrate in the fed rats stressed the important role of metabolic pathways of acetyl-CoA utilization in the control of ketogenesis. In contrast to alanine or lactate, propionate was poorly antiketogenic in the rat. PMID- 7349487 TI - Effect of fermentable carbohydrates on volatile fatty acids, ammonia and mineral absorption in the rat caecum. AB - The effects of poorly digested carbohydrates in the small intestine on caecal digestion and absorption have been studied in the rat. Even in diets lacking these carbohydrates, there was a noticeable production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the caecum. Except for cellulose, the carbohydrates (bran, pectin, guar gum, crude potato-starch, lactose, lactulose) favoured considerable development of the caecum and enhanced the quantities of VFA present there. On reaching the caecum, they increased ammonia absorption as a result of a higher uptake of blood urea, even if a greater part of the urea nitrogen was used in bacterial protein synthesis. Arteriovenous differences in the caecum showed a considerable absorption of various electrolytes. VFA absorption seemed to be accompanied by a release of Cl- into the caecal contents and by absorption of the main cations, Na+ being absorbed along an unfavourable gradient between the plasma and the caecal contents. PMID- 7349488 TI - [Effects of perfusion flow rates on the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates]. AB - The effects of five perfusion flow rates (4,5, 9, 12, 30 and 60 ml/h) on the intestinal absorption of glucose, fructose and sucrose were studied in the rat with a "temporary" Thiry-Vella loop (jejunum = 20 cm). Sucrose hydrolysis and intestinal transport of actively and passively absorbed solutes were markedly affected when the flow rates rose to a value higher than the limiting rate of 12 ml/h. With a flow rate up to 60 ml/h, glucose and fructose were absorbed at the same rate, but this was not due to thinning of the unstirred water layer. Sucrose hydrolysis was likewise completely inhibited. This result cannot be attributed to a product inhibition because of the absence of hexoses in the exit perfusate. These observations had important implications in the comparison of the intestinal absorption of many nutrients to evaluate the optimal perfusion rate corresponding to intestinal function integrity. PMID- 7349489 TI - [Relations between the phosphorylation of aminated molecules and their action on the absorption of calcium]. AB - Various amino acids and guanidines (L-lysine, L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids, creatine, taurocyamine and glycocyamine), studied in ileal ligated loops, increased intestinal calcium absorption in the rat. L-arginine was effective per os. Since these compounds are highly phosphorylable, a phosphorylation mechanism may be involved in the stimulation of calcium absorption. The phosphorylated derivative of creatine was detected in the ileal mucosa of rats receiving creatine in the ileal ligated loop. Modified amino acids, such as 5-methyl-L glutamate, asparagine or glutamine, whose phosphorylable function was masked by a methyl or an amide radical, were not effective in enhancing calcium absorption. Assays in vitro showed that an ileal mucosa extract phosphorylated arginine, lysine, glycocyamine and taurocyamine in the presence of ATP, acting as a phosphate donor. PMID- 7349490 TI - [Digestion of alkane yeast carbohydrates by the preruminant calf]. AB - Four 15-day old preruminant calves were fitted with two single cannulae, one in the lower ileum and the other in the upper colon. They were fed (on dry-matter basis) a milk substitute containing 35 p. 100 of dried, defatted, micronized alkane yeast (Candida tropicalis). Yeast carbohydrate digestion was studied in the ileum, colon and feces of two calves at 48, 72 and 102 days of age (three periods), using 1 p. 100 of chromic oxide in the diet as a marker. During each period, samples were collected every 2 hours and then pooled to obtain a sample from each part of the digestive tract. The carbohydrates were separated into 40 degrees C water-soluble (neutral and non-neutral) and water-insoluble fractions (fig. 1), and the composition of each was determined by hydrolysis and ion exchange chromatography. The alkane yeast contained almost 22 p. 100 (in DM) of carbohydrate (table 1), mainly composed of 7.5 p. 100 of non-soluble mannans and 10.1 p. 100 of glucans, both from the hull, and 0.3 p. 100 of soluble galactans. The total carbohydrate content (table 2) was high in the ileum (23 to 28 p. 100 of DM) and low in the feces (3 to 8 p. 100 of DM). At the end of the small intestine, the soluble fraction contained some mannans and galactans partly bonded with non-carbohydrate compounds, but mainly neutral glucans (fig. 2). The apparent digestibilities (table 3, fig. 3) varied between animals and increased with age (total yeast carbohydrates: calf: 0.53 to 0.75; calf 2: 0.62 to 0.85). Mannans were better digested than glucans (calf 2: 0.95 and 0.57, respectively, at 102 days); the galactans were completely digested. PMID- 7349491 TI - [Comparative digestive utilization and forms of fecal excretion in the rat of erucic and brassidic acids esterified in different glyceride structures]. AB - The digestibility and fecal excretion patterns of erucic (cis n-9 docosenoic) and brassidic (trans n-9 docosenoic) acids, esterified in triglycerides of different structure, were compared in the rat. Synthetic triglycerides were prepared either by mixing or interesterifying trierucin or tribrassidin with an equal amount of corn oil. Rapeseed and peanut oils were used as references. The apparent digestibility of trierucin mixed or interesterified with corn oil was similar to that of peanut oil but higher than that of rapeseed oil. The high amount of 2 monoerucin resulting from diets containing trierucin explained the improved digestibility of erucic acid as compared to that of rapeseed oil which had a very small erucic acid content on the 2-position. It also seemed that 2-monoerucin enhanced the digestibility of saturated fatty acids. Tribrassidin mixed with corn oil had a poor digestibility because pancreatic lipase hydrolysis was delayed in the intestinal lumen. The high melting point of the homogeneous triglyceride was responsible for that phenomenon. The interesterification of tribrassidin with corn oil, which drastically lowered the melting point of the mixture from 52 to 37 degrees C, improved both the hydrolysis of the triglycerides and the digestibility of the C22: 1 trans fatty acid as well as that of the other fatty acids in the diets. Nevertheless, the unabsorbed brassidic acid in every case was principally excreted in the form of a compound insoluble in organic neutral solvent. In that respect, brassidic acid behaved like shorter chain saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acids. PMID- 7349492 TI - [Evolution of the androstenone content of dorsal adipose tissue in entire male pigs of the Large White type: variations according to rearing conditions]. PMID- 7349493 TI - A comparative study of the development of the fetal testis and ovary in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The gonadal development of the Macaca fascicularis fetus was studied between 37 and 118 days on serial semi-thin and thin sections. The testis and the ovary began to differentiate at the same age (37 days); the definitive architecture of the testis was acquired at 43 days, while a cortex and a medulla did not form in the ovary until 55 to 60 days. In spite of the time-lag and the divergent development, the testis and the ovary evidenced three comparable stages; the main event of these stages was the centrifugal role of the mesonephros. The first stage (37-43 days) included the centrifugal and antero-posterior differentiation of the sex cord anlages from the mesonephric mesenchyme in contact with the proximal loops of the anterior tubules (for a detailed study see Dang and Fouquet, 1979). From 43 days (second stage), a remainder of the mesonephric mesenchymal blastema of the gonad supplied the rete system. The mesonephric tubules fused secondarily with that system which was connected to the sex cords. Whereas in the testis, the rete blastema did not play a direct role in organizing testicular structures, but only in forming excretory pathways, in the ovary, it invaded the medulla (whose initial sex cords degenerated) and penetrated to the ovigerous cords of the cortex. The rete ovarii blastema was probably the major source of periovocyte cells. The third stage included the differentiation of a steroidogenic interstitial tissue (from 50 days in the testis; at about 60 days in the ovary) and is further involution; these processes were similar in both sexes. Observation of the fine structure showed the development of the male and female gonocytes to be the same; the prespermatogonia and the oogonia could be characterized by the formation of nuclear vacuoles. The Sertoli cells and the periovogonial cells showed the same features. PMID- 7349494 TI - Variations of bile salt pool size and secretion rate in rats according to the modes of sterilization and preparation of a semi-synthetic diet. AB - A semi-synthetic diet was sterilized by irradiation and given to rats as pellets, powder or paste obtained by admixing an equal amount of water. The bile salt pool increased from the first to the third treatment. That effect disappeared when the starch was replaced by sucrose or when the diet was autoclaved instead of irradiated. The bile duct secretion of bile salts varied according to the bile salt pool. Hypotheses are proposed to explain the relationship between the form of the diet and bile salt pool size and secretion. PMID- 7349495 TI - Membrane differentiation in the pregastrula of the teleost, Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). A scanning electron microscope study. AB - The pregastrula stages of the teleost, Brachydanio rerio, have been studied in intact or fractured eggs by scanning electron microscopy. The internal surface of the enveloping blastomeres was smooth, while the external surface was covered with cristae; these cristae disappeared during epiboly but reappeared when the cells were in mitosis. At the end of the morula stage, the smooth yolk cytoplasmic layer formed a ring of periblastic cristae; up to the late blastula stage that ring was attached to "star-like" complexes. Light and transmission electron microscopy images of these complexes are given and we propose hypotheses regarding their function. At first closely apposed, the deep cells seemed to be maximally dispersed during the mid-blastula stage. At the blastula stage, the yolk syncitium formed both enveloping and deep cells. This suggests a primordial role of the yolk syncitium layer in pregastrula differentiation. A new hypothesis concerning the functions of the membrane protrusions is proposed: they might play a role in the postmiotic reassociation of the blastomeres. We suggest that, during early development, the three modes of cell association, i.e. monolayer, mass aggregation, syncitium, might be correlated with the composition of the three media (perivitelline liquid, blastocoelic liquid, yolk) present at that time. PMID- 7349496 TI - Body retention and tissue distribution of 59Fe and 54Mn in newborn rats fed iron supplemented cow's milk. PMID- 7349497 TI - [Preliminary data on intestinal chemoreceptor responses to amino acids]. AB - Intestinal chemoreceptor responses to amino acids in the small intestine were investigated in anaesthetized cats with a microelectrophysiological technique, i.e. vagal units in the nodose ganglion were recorded by extracellular glass microelectrodes. About 400 neurons were tested by infusing the small intestine with a mixture of several amino acids at 38 degrees C. Fifty neurons, which were generally silent before the first infusion, were activated by amino acid solutions with a short latency of a few seconds. Their discharge frequency was always low (less than 10 Hz). The corresponding fibres were non-medullated (conduction velocity: 0.8-1.4 m/s). These receptors did not respond to osmotic or mechanical stimuli. Moreover, some of them were not activated by glucose infusion and must thus be considered as specific amino acid receptors. The others which responded to both amino acids and glucose infusions were non-specific receptors. The properties of these two types of amino receptors and their roles in the nervous regulations of feeding behaviour, in particular protein satiety, are discussed. PMID- 7349498 TI - [Analysis of porcine feeding patterns from weaning to adulthood]. AB - This study describes the instruments used in recording the feeding patterns of 21 pigs of three different breeds fed ad libitum from weaning to adulthood. The feeding behavior of the pigs was characterized by 1) the presence of well individualized meals, and 2) the circadian distribution of food intake: whatever the breed, the animals preferred to eat in the daytime. This diurnal character of food intake was accentuated gradually with age. The frequency of the daily food intake decreased progressively from a mean of 9.5 meals after weaning to usually 3 at adulthood when growth was finished (2 meals in the daytime and 1 at night). PMID- 7349499 TI - [Comparative feeding behavior of sheep and cattle. Relation to food digestion]. PMID- 7349500 TI - [Description of feed intake in goats]. AB - Four adult goats were given lucerne hay ad libitum and had access to water, salt stone and the litter straw. They were housed in a box and were completely free to move. Their meals consisted of the main behavioural activity of hay intake and other activities such as salt-stone licking, water drinking and straw intake. Ingestion was relatively slow because the goats took a long time to choose what they ingested. They chose the hay with more leaves and less stems which had a higher nutritive value. PMID- 7349501 TI - [The effect of postruminal supplementation of energy or energy and proteins on feed intake in the ruminant calf]. AB - Forty-eight Friesian bull calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. They were divided into four groups (T, L, LS1 and LS2) 4 weeks before weaning. All the animals were fed a concentrate diet ad libitum, containing 16 p. 100 of crude protein on a DM basis, and hay. The animals of groups L, LS1 and LS2 also received a limited amount (24 p. 100 of the ingested DM) of a liquid supplement of deproteinized whey fed alone (group L) or mixed with 25 (group LS1) or 50 p. 100 (group LS2) of soybean oil-meal. The voluntary intake of DM/kg live weight0.75 was increased before weaning by giving the three liquid supplements (table 1). That effect lasted until 10 weeks of age in groups LS1 and LS2. On the contrary, the DM intake/kg0.75 decreased from 10 to 14 weeks of age in group L. From 15 to 19 weeks, the DM intake/kg0.75 was the same in group L as in group T, but was lower in groups LS1 and LS2. The plasma glucose level was higher in groups LS1 and LS2 than in group T; it was noticeably higher in group L than in group T (table 1). The plasma urea level was always very low in group L; the urea level of groups LS1 and LS2 was lower at 10 weeks of age than that of group T, but was as high (group LS1) or higher (group LS2) at 16 weeks (table 1). It is concluded that the voluntary intake of young ruminant calves is limited by rumen volume until 3 months of age; the supply of lactose or lactose and protein through the rumen bypass allows an increase in intake. After that period, voluntary intake is rapidly regulated by metabolic mechanisms in relation to the degree of satisfaction of energy and protein requirements; glycemia does not play a role in this regulation. As in monogastric animals, the nitrogen/energy ratio has a determining effect on the control of voluntary intake. PMID- 7349502 TI - [Distribution of Bifidobacterium species in the fecal flora of nursing infants fed by breast or formula]. PMID- 7349503 TI - [Effect of the distribution of hay and cereals on the cellulolytic activity in the large intestine of the pony]. AB - The cellulolytic activity in the large intestine of the pony varies according to the form and the composition of the feed. This activity was measured on two caecal and ventral colon-cannulated ponies receiving the following 4 diets during four successive 6-week periods: --6 kg of hay, --4 kg of hay + 1 kg of oats, --6 kg of ground, pelleted hay. --5 kg of a ground, pelleted blend of 80 p. 100 hay and 20 p. 100 oats. Adding oats to a hay feed increased the cellulolytical activity in the caecum and the colon, whereas grinding and pelleting hay alone or hay enriched with oats diminished that activity in the caecum without modifying it in the colon (table 1). The volatile fatty acid production shown in table 2 does not always vary in the same way as cellulolytic activity; this might be due to some variations in the values of the digestive contents in the two compartments. PMID- 7349504 TI - [Preliminary study of the effect of supplementation of iron, copper, cobalt and zinc on cellulolytic activity in the cecum of the pony]. AB - We studied a caecum-cannulated pony fed hay libitum in order to determine the mineral elements likely to cause deficiencies which decrease microbial activity in the caecum. During four successive 1-month periods, we observed the effects of adding 50 mg of iron, 1 mg of cobalt, 40 mg of copper and 200 mg of zinc, respectively. Except for the introduction of zinc, which greatly diminishes cellulolytic activity measured with the nylon bag technique, there was no significant modification in that activity as shown by pH, NH3-nitrogen, total nitrogen and volatile fatty acid production (table 1). It can be concluded that endogenous secretion in the pre-caecal part of the digestive system of the mineral elements used was sufficient to guarantee good symbiosis between the microbial population of the caecum and the organism. PMID- 7349505 TI - [Influence of thiamine on bacterial proteosynthesis in sheep]. AB - To determine the effect of thiamin on the activity of rumen microorganisms we measured the extent of bacterial protein synthesis by in vitro incubations in the presence of filtered rumen juice and a protein-free purified diet with 4 p. 100 urea. This was verified by the amount of protein formed in the incubation medium. Comparing the process in the absence of thiamin, the incorporation of that vitamin at the rate of 4 mg/g resulted in a mean increase of 65 p. 100 of the bacterial proteins synthesized in vitro in 3 hrs. Parallel to this thiamin effect on protein synthesis, the fatty acid analysis showed a modification of the microbial aspect with increased formation of propionic acid (p. 100 of C3 for diet with thiamin vs p. 100 of C3 for the thiamin-free diet = 40.39 +/- 5.08 vs 25.12 +/- 2.99). This was an improvement of energetic yield following the stochiometric calculations. These observations might explain the effect of this additive nutrient on rumen bacterial proteosynthesis. PMID- 7349506 TI - [Effect of diet and microflora on amino sugars in the digestive contents and faeces of rats, lambs and preruminant calves]. AB - Glucosamine (Glc NH2) and galactosamine (Gal NH2) were determined by an automatized chromatographic method in samples from digestive contents and faeces. Germfree lambs and rats as well as conventional preruminant calves, lambs and rats were used in the experiments. The rats were fed an irradiated casein diet, the lambs UHT milk and the preruminant calves various diets (table 1). Concentrations of Glc NH2 and of Gal NH2 reached 6 g/16 g of N in the caecal contents and the faeces of germfree rats (table 2). Concentrations of Gal NH2 were 7 to 12 times lower and those of Glc NH2 4 times lower in conventional rats. In lambs, the amino sugar concentrations (table 3) found in the stomach contents resembled those supplied by the milk. In contrast, in the large intestine and the faeces, the concentration of amino sugars was very high. In conventional lambs, those concentrations were 8 to 4 times lower. For ruminant calves, the concentrations of amino sugars (table 4) were greater in the ileal contents than in the faeces. They reached that of meconium when the calves were fed milk. The lowest values were observed in the faeces of calves fed soya, colostrum or fish diets which are less digestible than milk. In germfree animals, the hexosamines were endogenous. In conventional animals, bacterial metabolism led to an increase in faecal Glc NH2/Gal NH2. In the calves fed soya or fish diets, the hexosamine content in the faeces was low owing to the dilution of bacterial and endogenous mucoproteins by the undigested dietary proteins. PMID- 7349507 TI - [A preliminary study of the components causing poor utilization of barley in the young chicken]. AB - The effect of barley on the characteristics of the intestinal contents and on the growth performance has been studied in the young chicken (5 to 27 days) by comparing 5 different varieties of barley: 2 six-rowed winter barleys (Astrix and Sympa)), 2 two-rowed winter barleys (Alpha and Sonja) and 1 two-rowed spring barley (Aramir). All the barleys were used in the ration at a rate of 50 p. 100 to constitute 5 complete, balanced diets which were similar (e.g. energetic value, amino acids) to each other and to a control diet of corn and soya. There was no relation between the characteristics (in particular, viscosity of barley soluble components) of the barleys studied in this trial and the growth performances obtained. On the other hand, the 2 barleys (Astrix and Alpha) which caused retarded growth and a significant increase in the conversion rate were the same ones modifying the viscosity of the intestinal contents. The barley intolerance of the young chicken is thus related to the presence of undigestible, viscous components which are difficult to determine by a simple water extraction of the barley. PMID- 7349509 TI - Influence of nutritional status on the daily patterns of nitrogen excretion in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). AB - Nitrogen (ammonia and/or urea) excretion in carp and rainbow trout kept under different feeding regimes was continuously monitored over 24-hr cycles. The daily nitrogen excretion patterns resulting from these feeding regimes were studied over several days after a change from one made to another. Constant levels of endogenous nitrogen excretion were reached about one week after the start of a fasting period; almost one week was needed for the daily nitrogen excretion pattern to stabilize after the feeding rhythm was changed. Overall daily nitrogen excretion rates were directly related to nitrogen consumption in carp as well as in trout. The rate of ammonia excretion increased immediately after each meal; the maximum rate occurred at different intervals, depending on the amount of nitrogen intake as well as on the time-lapse after a particular feeding regime was initiated. Contrary to data on sockeye salmon, post-digestive nitrogen excretion rate was distinctly different from the ENE rates observed during fasting in carp and rainbow trout. PMID- 7349508 TI - [Comparative study of the digestion of a complete food in the pony and the rabbit]. AB - A complete pelleted diet (table 1) containing 11 p. 100 of crude protein and 17 p. 100 of cellulose (ADF-lignine according to the method of Van Soest) was distributed to ponies and rabbits. Total digestibilities, partial cumulative digestibilities in different compartments of the digestive tract (stomach, small intestine, caecum, proximal and distal colon) and changes in biochemical composition, measured by pH, VFA, lactic acid and ammonia concentrations, were compared. Total digestibilities (table 2). There was no significant difference in dry matter between the two species. Crude protein digestibility was higher in ponies, but a greater difference was observed for crude fiber digestibility: digestibility in the rabbit was 60 p. 100 of that in the pony. Starch was entirely digested in ponies and rabbits. Partial digestibilities (table 3). The dry matter content was the same in the stomach, the different parts of the small intestine and the caecum of both species. Starch was rapidly digested, but crude protein digestibility was highly negative in the stomach, small intestine and caecum of both species. Changes in biochemical composition (table 4). VFA concentrations were higher in the caecum and colon of ponies but molar percentages of acetic, propionic and butyric acids were very comparable (fig. 1); L-lactic acid concentration was higher in the first part of the digestive tract of ponies and ammonia concentration was lower. PMID- 7349510 TI - [Effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic waves on the viability and heredity of mammalian cells in established culture]. PMID- 7349511 TI - Field trials of a method of induction of autoimmune gonad rejection in Atlantic salmon (salmon salar L.). AB - Autoimmune gonad destruction was induced in Atlantic salmon of both sexes in trials carried out on fish kept in sea cages on a fish farm. Damage to gonads was only found in fish where the first injection of gonad extract had been given together with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, injections without adjuvant or with carrageenan as an adjuvant were unsuccessful. Length and weight differences between treated and untreated groups of fish were slight at the termination of the experiment. Results suggest that practical application of this technique would involve injection at an early stage of gonad development and at a higher water temperature (greater than 10 degrees C) to increase the rate of the primary autoimmune response. The lesion induced in the salmon testis was compared with that caused by autoimmune destruction of mammalian testis. PMID- 7349512 TI - [Seasonal variations of the quality of sperm in the Ile-de-France ram. I. Study of the cellular morphology and massal motility]. PMID- 7349513 TI - Dorsal aorta catheterization in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) I. Its validity in the study of blood gonadotropin patterns. AB - The use of a dorsal aorta catheterization technique to study gonadotropin secretion patterns in the rainbow trout was tested. Heparin used to flush the cannula between repetitive samplings did not have any effect on plasma GTH levels. Catheterization resulted in a slight short-term change in those levels. The gonadotropin levels returned to their initial values as soon as 30 min to 6 hrs after the operation. From then on, the GTH levels remained close to the initial values in fish exhibiting normal feeding behaviour, whereas they tended to decrease in "stressed" females which did not eat normally. The fish which adapted well to dorsal aortic catheterization did not show any changes in the diurnal pattern of GTH levels or in normal gonadal function and GTH profiles during the processes of oocyte maturation and ovulation. It is concluded that individual catheterized trout can be used advantageously for studying gonadotropin secretion patterns after a 3-day recovery period and the elimination of those fish which neither resume normal feeding nor return to initial, pre operative GTH levels. Using this technique, it was demonstrated that hypophysial GTH release in trout with oocytes undergoing active vitellogenesis is probably effected by short-term bursts (pulses) of secretion. PMID- 7349514 TI - Dorsal aorta catheterization in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Glucocorticoid levels, hematological data and resumption of feeding for five days after surgery. AB - Plasma glucocorticoid levels, leucocrit, hematocrit and resumption of feeding were recorded in catheterized rainbow trout for 5 days after cannulation of the dorsal aorta. In some animals, glucocorticoids returned to basal levels, while a regular and active feeding behaviour was resumed shortly after cannulation. In contrast, other individuals demonstrated relatively high and irregular glucocorticoid concentrations and constantly refused food. The leucocrit was significantly depressed from 30 min until 24 h after cannulation; after day 1, this parameter exhibited a recovery profile in all animals, independently of the glucocorticoid levels. During the 5-day experimental period, seven blood samples were taken, amounting to 10 p. 100 of the total blood volume. In some individuals, the hematocrit continuously declined, suggesting low compensation for the erythrocyte loss. The results of this investigation indicate that well adapted catheterized trout may be obtained a few days after the operation. Feeding activity should be checked carefully and particular caution used when determining the volume and frequency of the blood samples. PMID- 7349515 TI - Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by deep-freezing. AB - Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) sperm were carried out using two basic extenders: Mounib's medium (M) and Menezo's medium (Me) to which were added bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tellurite egg yolk (Institut Pasteur). After 10 p. 100 of DMSO was added to these different deep-freeze diluents (DD), they were mixed with the sperm and then deep-frozen into 100 microliter pellets on dry ice. The pellets were stored in liquid nitrogen for periods lasting from 3 days to 6 months. The intensity of sperm motility and fertilizing ability were measured before and after cryopreservation. After the sperm was diluted in Menezo's medium, slight spermatozoon motility was noticed, which probably caused their early exhaustion and would explain the lower fertilizing ability observed after thawing. Mounib's medium gave better results, especially after 10 p. 100 of egg yolk was added. The optimal deep-freeze conditions were: 1/3 dilution, no equilibration after dilution but immediate deep-freezing at a rate of 10 to 40 degrees C/min. Thawing had to be carried out rapidly in 10 sec. However, the spermatozoa were altered during the freezing-thawing process, and during insemination more frozen spermatozoa had to be used to equal the fertilization rate obtained with non-frozen sperm. However, the fertile spermatozoa gave normal embryogenesis and no abnormal development was seen up to the vesicle resorption stage. At the end of spermiation, sperm fitness for deep-freezing decreased, perhaps due to sperm senescence. Pooling the sperm of several males partially compensated for the loss of fertilizing ability seen at the end of the reproductive period. PMID- 7349516 TI - Iron retention by rats. Effect of cold-provoked increased ingestion of a lactose rich diet. PMID- 7349517 TI - [Survival of the gametes of rainbow trout after dilution in saline or sucrose solutions]. PMID- 7349518 TI - [Circadian variations in the content of plasma constituants in the brood mare]. AB - Twenty-one circadian blood sample profiles were made in heavy brood mares during pregnancy, lactation or the dry, non-pregnant period. The mares were fed forage rich diets containing different levels of energy and nitrogen (table 1). Each profile consisted of 7 samples taken at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 3 p.m., 7 p.m., 11 p.m., 4 a.m. and 8 a.m. The animals were fed at 8:30 a.m. The eleven plasma components evaluated were glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetate, alanine, insulin (energy metabolites), urea, total protein (nitrogen metabolites), calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium (mineral metabolites). Profile results are shown in table 2 and figure 1. Glucose, insulin and alanine increased and non-esterified fatty acids, acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased during the prandial period (between 8 a.m. and 11 a.m.). The glucose and insulin peaks were short, while the other components returned slowly to preprandial values. Acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate were maximal during the night, while urea increased moderately during the prandial period. Protein concentration did not vary. The effect of feeding on minerals was moderate: there was a slight increase in calcium and magnesium and a decrease in phosphorus. The following differences were related to diet or physiological state (figs. 2, 3, 4): --higher glucose and insulin peaks when concentrate intake was high; --lower circadian variation of non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in dry, non-pregnant, well-fed mares; --higher acetate levels with a high forage diet; --more rapid alanine decrease during late pregnancy than in early lactation; --higher circadian variations in minerals during lactation than during pregnancy. The prandial variations of the following factors were significantly correlated (table 3): --glucose and insulin, --acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, -beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, --acetate and non esterified fatty acids. The origin of these variations is discussed. Two factors intervened: 1) exogenous production Very rapid digestion of the concentrate induced an increase in glucose (and thus in insulin) and alanine. The volatile fatty acids produced in the hindgut caused nocturnal peaks of acetate and beta hydroxybutyrate; 2) a lipogenic phase (which began after mean meal intake) alternating with a lipolytic phase, providing constant coverage of the energy needs. This explains the large post-prandial decreases in non-esterified fatty acids, acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 7349519 TI - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine oxidase activities in pigs with different susceptibility to the malignant hyperthermia syndrome by halothane. AB - Plasma DBH and platelet MAO activities were measured by radioenzymatic assay in 10 Large-White and 20 Pietrain pigs 9 to 11 weeks old. Pietrain pigs within the same litter, challenged by halothane, were classified as malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible or not according to their reaction. The Large-White pig strain was not susceptible to MH. Plasma DBH activity did not differ according to strain or to MH susceptibility. Platelet MAO was lower in Large-White pigs but was not affected by MH susceptibility in Pietrain pigs. The results do not confirm any nervous differences in MH-susceptible pigs. PMID- 7349520 TI - The reproductive cycle in the male hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.): a study of endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. AB - Seasonal changes in testicular and accessory gland weights, histological testicular structures, fructose and citric acid concentrations in two accessory glands and plasma testosterone levels were determined in adult male hedgehogs living in middle western France. Testicular activity started in winter (from December to February) during the last part of the hibernation period. During this resumption period, testis weights as well as all the testicular structural features (Leydig cell volume; length, diameter and volume of seminiterous tubules) increased. These changes were correlated with similar variations in plasma testosterone concentrations and accessory gland features (weight, fructose and citric acid contents). However, maximal development of endocrine testicular function was reached about one month before the completion of spermatogenesis and the maximal development of androgen target organs. Testicular activity was high from February-March to August-September, according to the year. After the spring peak corresponding to the main breeding period, a decrease in testicular activity was always noted in May-June. The values of the testicular features then remained high or increased again and a second breeding period always occurred. Finally, involution began at the end of summer but the endocrine function of the testis decreased before the exocrine function. All the gonadal functions were depressed from September to November. Our results show that in middle western France, one of the southern-most countries characterized by a mild, temperate climate, the testis of Erinaceus europaeus L. is activated earlier and the breeding season lasts longer than in any of the other European countries cited in the literature. PMID- 7349521 TI - Germinal vesicle breakdown in the Xenopus laevis oocyte: description of a transient microtubular structure. AB - During progesterone-induced meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes in vitro, 7 morphological stages were defined. Using cytological analysis, nuclear breakdown was divided into three stages. Stage 1 corresponded to basal germinal vesicle breakdown. Stage 2 was characterized by the advent and development of a fibrillar network formed by microtubules at the basal part of the nucleus. Below, a lamellar microtubule organizing center (MTOC) was present. Numerous vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were proximal to both of these structures. During its formation and modification (stages 2 and 3), the fibrillar network migrated towards the animal pole. A prometaphase 1 stage was observed before the formation of the metaphase 1 spindle. PMID- 7349522 TI - [Serodiagnosis of pregnancy in the cow with the latex passive agglutination technic]. AB - This paper describes a test for diagnosing pregnancy in the cow based on the detection of blastocyst antigens in the maternal blood circulation. Rabbit anti bovine embryo serum was agglutinated with the sera of non-pregnant cows to obtain specific antibodies. These rabbit antibodies were then absorbed on latex beads which could then be used for the standard passive agglutination reaction. This diagnostic technique was tested on 415 animals. The results on pregnant cows were successful in 78 p. 100 of the cases (confidence interval: 69-86 p. 100) and on non-pregnant cows 94 p. 100 of the time (confidence interval: 90-97 p. 100). This test is independent of the status of the ovaries and of the pregnancy stage. Detection is reliable from day 26 after coitum. PMID- 7349523 TI - [Methodological study on measuring mammary arteriovenous differences in the dairy cow]. AB - The effects of feeding frequency and diet composition on mammary arteriovenous (AV) differences were observed in lactating dairy cows. Two diets with 30 or 70 p. 100 concentrate (table 1) were offered 2 or 8 times daily in limited amounts. Circadian patterns of mammary AV differences in the main blood metabolites and in milk production (table 2) were studied in two cows with an exteriorized carotid. Diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation profiles were studied in two other cows fitted with a rumen cannula (tables 3, 4). 1. Circadian patterns of arterial levels and AV differences in acetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate depended on feeding frequency (fig. 2). With two feedings per day, the arterial levels reached a maximum 4 or 5 hrs after feeding, and the circadian patterns of AV differences were strongly related to those of the arterial levels. With 8 feedings per day, the circadian changes in AV differences were smaller (fig. 2), and their coefficients of variation decreased from 13 to 9 p. 100. On the other hand, packed cell volume and arterial glucose did not show any noticeable circadian changes, even with 2 feedings per day. 2. The mean arterial levels and AV differences in acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and most of the essential amino acids (EAA) decreased (-16, -8 and -10 p. 100) (table 5) when the feeding times were increased from 2 to 8 per day. The EAA decreased more with the high concentrate (-19 p. 100) than with the low concentrate (-8 p. 100) diet (table 6). 3. With the "high concentrate" diet, the arterial levels and AV differences in acetate were lower (-25 p. 100), while those of beta-hydroxybutyrate were higher (+13 p. 100), although the ruminal fermentations were not very different. "Continuous feeding" stabilized the AV differences, thus permitting the number of blood samples required to be reduced (50 p. 100). But this technique caused some physiological modifications, and the results obtained are not applicable to the standard practice of two feedings per day. PMID- 7349524 TI - Annual plasma testosterone cycle and ejaculatory ability in the laboratory-housed crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Six fertile and healthy adult Macaca fascicularis males were studied. Radioimmunological assay of the plasma testosterone, sampled without anesthesia in the afternoon at the beginning of each month, showed an annual hormone cycle with a maximum (16.7 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) in the fall and a minimum (9.5 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) in the spring (fig. 1). Using the ratio: number of ejaculations/number of trials, the ejaculatory ability of these animals (fig. 2) was estimated for 10 min in the presence of females between days 12 and 15 of their menstrual cycle. This ability showed no cyclic variation during the year. Comparing the annual variation of testosterone levels in macaque males (Macaca mulatta, Macaca arctoides, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca fascicularis) and man, we found that, except for Macaca arctoides and Macaca nemestrina, the maximal simian levels always coincided with autumn and the minimal levels with spring in spite of the different rearing environments. (table 2). After studying ejaculatory ability and plasma testosterone level in the intact macaque throughout the year and comparing it to the results obtained by Resko and Phoenix (1972), Phoenix et al. (1973) and Michael and Wilson (1974, 1975) studying castrated males, we believe that above a minimal level, variation in the plasma testosterone level does not affect male sexual behavior, at least as far as ejaculatory ability is concerned. Moreover, during this study we noted that above a maximal plasma testosterone level, varying with the season, the ejaculation rate may be depressed (fig. 3). PMID- 7349525 TI - [Digestive utilization of purified cellulose in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)]. AB - A semi-purified diet containing 22 p. 100 of a wood cellulose extract without lignin but still containing 22 p. 100 of hemicelluloses was distributed for one month to rainbow trout and common carp reared at 17 and 20 degrees C, respectively. The digestibility of the main dietary constituents was determined by an indirect method using chrome oxide as an inert tracer. The feces were recovered by a continuous automatic collector which rapidly removed them from the water, minimizing alteration by leaching. The cellulose content was estimated by the Weende (crude fiber) and the Van Soest (neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) methods. The digestibility coefficients obtained for trout as well as for carp indicate that cellulose and hemicelluloses were not digested. In both species, volatile fatty acid concentration in the different segments of the digestive tract was low (less than 10 mM/l). These results lead us to suggest that trout and carp cannot degrade purified cellulose. PMID- 7349526 TI - Vitellogenin synthesis in the fat body of the marine crustacean Isopoda, Idotea balthica basteri, during vitellogenesis. AB - This paper investigates vitellogenin synthesis in the fat body of the female marine crustacean Isopoda, Idotea balthica basteri, during vitellogenesis. The fat bodies were incubated in a labelled medium; one of the samples was treated with an antiserum against vitellogenin and the antigen-antibody complex counted for radioactivity. We assumed this radioactivity to be due to vitellogenin synthesis. It is indicated that vitellogenin may account for most of the protein synthesized by the fat body during vitellogenesis. The first peak of vitellogenin synthesis was observed in the early stages of vitellogenesis (molting cycle period C), but the major increase in that level appeared during stage 2 of vitellogenesis (molting cycle period D, stage D1). Before laying (and molt), the fat body incorporated less. PMID- 7349527 TI - Plant protein biosynthesis: methionyl-tRNA synthetases, a new example of the cooperative activity of nucleo-cytoplasmic and organellar systems. PMID- 7349528 TI - [The functional significance of signal sequences: their role in the transfer of lactoproteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane]. AB - The mammary gland of the ruminant synthesizes and secretes six major proteins: 4 caseins (alpha S1, alpha S2, beta and kappa), alpha-lactalbumin and beta lactoglobulin. The information which determines the translocation of these proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane resides in their transient amino terminal sequences, the so-called much less than signal sequences much greater than. These sequences are cleaved by a specific membrane protease during the transfer of nascent polypeptide chains to the lumen of microsomal vesicles. The signal sequences of the various lactoproteins share common features (high hydrophobicity and clustered hydrophobic residues) with other secretory proteins but differ significantly in both length and primary structure. The signal sequences of the 3 much less than calcium sensitive much greater than caseins (alpha S1, alpha S2 and beta) show a high degree of homology, suggesting that they derive from a common ancestor. The study of lactoprotein signal sequences from various mammalian species revealed that the primary structures of the short lived amino terminal sequences have been well conserved in the course of evolution. PMID- 7349529 TI - [Leucine flux: total flux, oxidative catabolism, protein synthesis and breakdown during development in the rat]. AB - Total leucine flux (flux into or out of the free leucine pool) and its different components --oxidative catabolism, protein synthesis and protein degradation- were studied in male rats weighing 160 and 300 g and infused intravenously for 6 h with L-(14C) leucine. Plasma L-(14C) leucine specific activity was measured after 4 and 6 h of infusion. The excretion rate of 14CO2 was estimated during infusion. Total leucine flux and oxidative catabolism flux were calculated from the specific radioactivity in the plasma at plateau value. Rates of protein synthesis were calculated from the total flux after subtracting the proportion oxidized. Protein breakdown flux was estimated by the difference between total flux and dietary intake flux. Total leucine flux (mumoles/h/100 g body weight) was not significantly lower at 300 than at 160 g. Oxidation accounted for about 10 p. 100 of the leucine flux; this proportion was significantly larger at 300 than at 160 g. A comparison of protein synthesis flux between the two groups of tats, for the same value of total flux, showed a decrease of leucine utilization for protein synthesis in the older animals. The quantity of leucine provided by protein breakdown was comparatively more important at 300 than at 160 g. Protein deposition fell by about 50 p. 100 between these two weights. PMID- 7349530 TI - [In vivo protein synthesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.) muscle. Effect of temperature acclimatization]. AB - Protein synthesis was measured in the muscle of trout acclimatized to 10 and 18 degrees C and weighing about 100 g. Fractional synthesis rate was calculated after a pulse injection of L-leucine U14C by fitting the specific radioactivity of the protein to the computed values obtained with the specific radioactivity of the precursor, according to a precursor product relationship (Martin et al., 1977). At 10 and 18 degrees C, fractional synthesis rate values were 0.9 and 1.2 p. 100/d (plasma as the precursor pool) and 1.9 and 1.8 p. 100/d (intracellular pool as the precursor), respectively. Muscle protein synthesis rates in young trout are lower than in young mammals (rat, rabbit, lamb), and temperature acclimatization had no influence on muscle protein synthesis in trout. PMID- 7349531 TI - [Rapid modifications of the rat hepatic lysosomal system as a function of the nutritional state]. AB - Adult rats fed proteins as a meal given during the daytime exhibit alterations of liver protein metabolism characterized by simultaneous stimulations of protein synthesis and degradation, particularly during the hours following protein ingestion. The purpose of the present work was to determine if the stimulation of liver protein breakdown could be related to biophysical alterations of the lysosomal system. There is a growing amount of evidence to suggest that the lysosomal vacuolar system is involved in the physiological regulation of overall proteolytic rate. Rats, trained to eat a protein meal 2 hrs after the onset of light, were killed 6, 9, 18, 21 and 24 hrs after protein intake. Three fractions were isolated from 0.25 M sucrose liver homogenates after differential centrifugation. The mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction was further analyzed by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Three specific lysosomal enzyme activities were assessed: N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (marker), cathepsin D and cathepsin C (proteolytic enzymes). Total activities remained unchanged at all time-points, but the distributions between the different fractions recovered after differential centrifugation were altered 6 and 9 hrs after protein intake. A significantly higher percentage of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, cathepsin D and cathepsin C activities were recovered in the M + L fraction, suggesting a shift towards lysosomal forms of lighter density. This was confirmed by density gradient analysis. Thus, even in adapted rats, acute administration of protein during the daytime quickly induced biophysical alterations in the lysosomal system. The lysosomal distribution pattern observed at 6 and 9 hrs after protein intake might be due to lysosome enlargement by active autophagy and/or by the sequestration of lighter cellular material. PMID- 7349532 TI - [Variations of nitrogen retention in the growing pig: effects on requirements]. AB - The first part of this paper deals with the distribution of the protein fraction (total protein, amino acids) in the tissues and body compartments in the growing pig, according to age, growth potential (sex, genotype) and nutritional factors (feeding level). Overall protein retention is studied in the second part of the paper. The following points have been considered: changes in the protein retention curve during growth; variations according to the type of pig and nutrient supply; particular aspects of amino acid deposition with a relative constancy in the amino acid composition of deposited protein during the major part of growth. In the third part, the following consequences of variations in protein retention on protein requirement for growth have been analyzed: - relatively constant ratios between the requirements for individual essential amino acids and non-essential nitrogen (using lysine as a reference); --relation between protein (amino acid) requirement and level of protein deposition; - variations in the efficiency of utilization of dietary amino acids for growth, according to muscle growth potential and production objectives (final slaughter weight, type of pig and feeding program). The benefit of taking into consideration the components of apparent protein retention (synthesis and degradation) is discussed with a view to better adapting protein feeding to growth potential. PMID- 7349534 TI - Effect of brain electrostimulation on antennal regeneration in Lithobius forficatus L. (Myriapoda:Chilopoda). Preliminary note. AB - After the antennae of Lithobius forficatus were amputated, electrical stimulation of the deutocerebral apex (= antennal lobes) either in the spring or the autumn led to (1) a decrease in the number of regenerated articles, and (2) an increase in the time-lag between the experiment and moulting. Moreover, in the spring experiments, the antennae regenerated asymmetrically. The electrostimulatory effect could act through an endocrine centre, probably the cerebral glands. PMID- 7349533 TI - [Protein retention in ruminants: changes with body weight and variation with breed, sex and feeding level]. AB - Using a great amount of published and unpublished data, this paper analyzes changes in the protein content of the empty body of growing cattle and sheep (appendices 1, 2). Protein content (p. 100 of empty body weight) usually increased from 6-7 p. 100 to 18-20 p. 100 in cattle and to 14-18 p. 100 in sheep during foetal life. After birth, it decreased slowly, reaching 13-15 p. 100 in 70 p. 100 mature-weight animals. Changes in water and lipid content were analyzed in relation to protein content (fig. 1). Protein content (p. 100 of fresh weight) varied between 10 and 14 p. 100 in the adipose tissues, 15 and 16 p. 100 in the offals, 19 and 20 p. 100 in the muscles and skeleton and 28 and 30 p. 100 in the hide. Muscle protein amounted to 48 to 53 p. 100 of whole body protein. Mean daily protein accretion increased in cattle from 100 g after birth to a maximum of 160-200 g/day at 200-300 kg of body weight and decreased afterwards (fig. 3). From 20 g/day in very young lambs, it reached 30-40 g/day at 20-30 kg of body weight. Daily protein accretion in g per kg of metabolic weight (W0.75) was similar in the two species (5.5 g at birth, 2.8 g at 30 p. 100 mature body weight and 1.2 g at 60 p. 100 mature body weight). The lipid deposition was greater than protein accretion after 10 p. 100 mature body weight in sheep, but only after 20 p. 100 mature body weight in cattle. The ratio between lipid deposition and protein accretion was greater in sheep than in cattle. Daily protein accretion, which varied according to sex and genotype, ranged between 150-235 g/day in cattle and between 32-54 g/day in sheep. The protein content of sheep and cattle gain dropped when the feeding level increased. Simultaneously, the lipid content of gain increased and the animals were fatter at slaughter. However, it appears that the composition of sheep gain was less sensitive to feeding level than that of cattle. PMID- 7349535 TI - [Purification of the brain hormone of Nereis diversicolor and Perinereis cultrifera (Annelida:Polichaeta) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)]. AB - Five thousand brains inhibiting gametogenesis in Nereis diversicolor and Perinereis cultrifera were extracted with cold methanol, giving a micromolecular fraction containing the whole of the inhibitory activity of the brains. This micromolecular fraction, fractionated (i) on Sephadex G 25 fine and (ii) on Sephadex G 25 superfine, gave an inhibitory peak (P 5) in organ culture. Fraction P 5, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, showed an area with the same biological inhibitory activity as the blank brains. PMID- 7349536 TI - [Seasonal variations of sperm quality in adult Ile-de-France rams. II. Fertilizing ability and its relation to qualitative criteria in vitro]. AB - Six adult Ile-de-France rams of different origins, registered in a Flock book, were used in AI for three consecutive years on the same flock (IF) in March-April and in September. The animals (males and females) were always kept in a sheep fold (natural daylight conditions). They received the same feed throughout the whole experiment. Using the unselected ejaculate(s) of each ram (1 dose diluted sperm/female), artificial inseminations were carried out after oestrus synchronization (FGA + PMSG). Massal motility, percentage of nigrosin-eosin stained spermatozoa and percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm were determined (150 cells/smear) on each ejaculate (or pooled ejaculates of each ram) used for insemination. 1.--In the spring, sperm fertility was strongly diminished (47.1 vs 68.4 p. 100 LR; P less than 0.01, respectively, in spring and autumn), and the differences between the rams were significant (31.7 to 70.3 p. 100; 0.01 less than P less than 0.02 in spring vs 60.0 to 80.0; P greater than 0.05 in autumn). 2.--Fertilizing ability was related neither to massal motility nor to the proportion of stained cells, although, on the whole, the latter was somewhat higher in spring than in autumn. In the spring, there was a close relationship between the fertility of the ejaculate and its proportion of abnormalities (r = 0.83; P less than 0.01). Fertility was also related to the percentage of abnormal heads (r = -0.59; P less than 0.05). In autumn, when the proportion of total abnormalities was much lower and almost exclusively made up of slight tail damages, this relationship disappeared. Morphological examination of the semen is thus a good fertility test. These results show the importance of the ram in successful breeding in an anoestrous period. Morphological test in the spring must be used to detect those males which are most affected by increasing daylight since, at that time (March-April), a ram maintains nearly the same morphological profile from one year to the next (Colas, 1980). PMID- 7349537 TI - [Effect of fasting on the main blood and liver metabolites of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the adult domestic quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)]. AB - The changes in the main plasma and liver metabolites of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis have been studied in quails during 72-hr starvation. In those conditions, glycaemia barely decreased, whereas liver glycogen and plasma and liver lactate dropped, suggesting that lactate was utilized extensively for gluconeogenesis. In contrast, plasma alanine decreased only slightly. During starvation, plasma free fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly enhanced, whereas plasma triglycerides decreased. Ketogenesis seemed very active. Hydroxybutyrate concentrations were markedly higher in the plasma than in the liver, indicating that mechanisms other than simple diffusion processes should be considered for hepatic ketone body release. The present results suggest that metabolic response to prolonged starvation in the quail does not differ markedly from that observed in other birds. However, the utilization of glucose and ketone bodies by peripheral tissue and of some substrates, such as alanine or pyruvate, for gluconeogenesis must be further investigated. PMID- 7349538 TI - The spermatid manchette of mammals: formation and relations with the nuclear envelope and the chromatin. PMID- 7349539 TI - [Apparent digestability after ligature of the pancreatic duct in the growing rabbit: effect of ad libitum feeding]. AB - We studied the apparent digestibility of an ad libitum diet in 16 growing rabbits, 8 with pancreatic duct ligature (P-) and 8 sham-operated (TO). The study was divided into two 10-day periods, starting 5 and 33 days, respectively, after surgery. The food intake of the sham-operated animals was higher (160 g/day at the end of the experiment) than that of the ligated ones (stabilized at 100-120 g/day); mean daily gain was also higher in the former (TO: 33.7 g/day, P-: 15.6 g/day; P less than 0.01). Dry matter (MS) and energy digestibilities were not significantly different in the P- and the TO groups, but nitrogen (N) digestibility, decreased after pancreatic duct ligature (TO: 86.1, P-: 64.9; P less than 0.01), then increased in time much more in P- than in sham-operated rabbits, but remained lower in the ligated group (-5.6 points). The results suggest that digestive compensation was established after pancreatic duct ligature; its origin is hypothesized. PMID- 7349540 TI - Adaptation of hepatic enzyme activities to methionine excess. PMID- 7349541 TI - Modes of intestinal cholesterol absorption in adult sows. AB - The nature and distribution of neutral sterols has been determined in the digestive tract of adult Large White sows maintained in a defined biological steady state (constant weight: 70 +/- 5 kg). The semi-synthetic diet contained 0.08 p. 100 cholesterol. Cholesterol was the main sterol of the intestinal contents. From the caecum, it was partially transformed into coprostanol (less than 6 p. 100). Just before the morning meal, the intestinal contents of the sows were rich in cholesterol (532 mg in the small intestine). As in rats, this rapidly renewed cholesterol of endogenous origin was not distributed homogeneously with the exogenous dietary cholesterol. During intestinal cholesterol transit, hydrolysis exceeded esterification. Using the principle of occupancy of every dynamic system, two isotopes were employed to measure the absorption coefficient: cholesterol-4-14C (10 microCi), incorporated into the meal and ingested at one time, and cholesterol-3H (400 microCi), injected intravenously once in a suspension of autologous red blood cells previously labelled in vitro. The absorption coefficient of dietary cholesterol in our experimental conditions reached 57 +/- 4 p. 100. The cholesterol was mainly absorbed in the first-half of the small intestine as in man, whereas in rat it is absorbed in the second-half. This dietary tracer appeared in the general circulation later in swine than in rat or man. After intake of a meal containing the cholesterol tracer, maximal plasma cholesterol radioactivity was reached after 48 hrs in the sows while it is reached after 10-12 hrs in rat or man. PMID- 7349542 TI - A possible physiological role of taurine in the adult female rat liver. AB - In agreement with previous results (Awapara, 1956), we noted that the taurine level in the liver of the adult female rat is higher than in the adult male rat: 9.44 and 2.08, respectively, expressed as a concentration (mumoles/g of liver). Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease of the taurine level (expressed similarly) in the liver of the lactating rat: 1.84 twenty-one days after the birth of pups. These observations suggest a physiological role for the higher concentration of taurine in the liver of the adult female rat: in other words, a reserve of taurine, whatever its origin in the adult female rat, may be needed for pup development. PMID- 7349543 TI - [Effect of the length of egg storage on duration of incubation and serum thyroid hormone levels in the chick embryo]. AB - After storage at 12 degrees C and 90 to 95 p. 100 humidity, for periods of 1, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days, Rhode Island Red eggs were incubated at 37.5 degrees C and 60 p. 100 humidity. Whatever the total duration of incubation within the experimental conditions, maximal serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were obtained the day of pipping. Embryos having perforated the air-space membrane the day before pipping showed elevated serum T3, but not T4, levels as compared to embryos without a perforation. The lower serum T3 levels, obtained at pipping, after longer periods of preincubation storage are discussed in relation to other experiments on perinatal changes in serum iodo-hormones. PMID- 7349544 TI - Changes in histamine and white blood cells in the blood, spleen and thymus of magnesium-deficient rat. AB - Groups of rats were given either a control or a magnesium-deficient diet. The well-known allergy-like crisis, characterized by vasodilatation with redness of the ears and dermatosis, occurred spontaneously in the magnesium-deficient groups. The histamine (H) content and the distribution of the various white blood cells (WBC) were studied as a function of time. During the acute phase, there was a transitory elevation of total blood H and WBC, mainly affecting the polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, eosinophils (EO) and basophils (BAS). The EO peak preceded that of H. The EO count was especially high during the first part of the acute phase, while H and BAS were higher during the second part of that phase. There were no BAS's in the blood of the controls and those in the Mg-deficient animals were only partly granulated. H, EO and mast cells (MC) were elevated in the spleen but not in the thymus during acute deficiency. The high H level in the spleen corresponded to the same high level in the blood. When the spleen suspensions were centrifuged, wide differences in supernatant and pellet histamine appeared, according to the deficiency period. PMID- 7349545 TI - Sodium and potassium in blood and milk and plasma aldosterone levels in high yield dairy cows. AB - Plasma sodium, potassium and aldosterone levels, daily milk production and milk sodium and potassium were measured in 10 Holstein X Friesian cows during a whole lactation period beginning in November and ending in November the following year. The milk production (4 p. 100 fat content) of these animals was 6 170 +/- 66 kg (mean +/- SEM). During the whole experimental period, the cows had free access to salt blocks and were thus always sodium-replete. Plasma sodium and potassium levels showed no significant variations during lactation. The daily excretion of sodium and potassium through milk paralleled that of daily milk production. Plasma aldosterone levels decreased sharply from 77.4 +/- 4.0 pg.ml-1 at calving to 13.2 +/- 3.6 pg.ml-1 (P less than 0.01) on day 7 of lactation, then remained stable until day 50 (16.4 +/- 4 pg.ml-1). They increased slightly on day 155 (60 days after mating: 36 +/- 5 pg.ml-1; P less than 0.05) and abruptly after spring grazing (54.9 +/- 11 pg.ml-1; P less than 0.01), then remained high until the end of lactation (48.5 +/- 12 pg.ml-1). Plasma aldosterone levels were 11.9 +/- 2.4 pg.ml-1 in seven 24-month old, non-pregnant heifers fed the same winter ration as the cows. No relationship could be demonstrated between sodium and potassium concentrations in blood and milk or between those parameters and plasma aldosterone levels. Thus, in high-yield dairy cows, aldosterone does not seem to play a major role in the regulation of sodium and potassium excretion through milk. PMID- 7349546 TI - The effect of restricted food intake and refeeding on the ovarian follicle population of the pre-puberal Wistar rat. AB - A 50 p. 100 restriction of food intake in female Wistar rats from day 21 to day 42 of life prevented ovulation and altered the size distribution and numbers of ovarian follicles. The rate of atresia of non-growing oocytes in primordial follicles was retarded resulting in more oocytes per ovary. The number of follicles initiated to grow was reduced. Semi-starved rats allowed free access to food from day 42 of life achieved the body weight of ad libitum-fed controls at 66 days of age. A delayed puberty occurred. The numbers of non-growing oocytes in primordial follicles per ovary declined but remained significantly greater than control values at 66 days of age. Refeeding increased the numbers of follicles undergoing growth but within the size distribution found in age-matched controls. Thus semi-starvation followed by refeeding rendered the ovary developmentally younger but only in terms of total oocyte numbers. The ovarian response to starvation and refeeding is discussed in relation to pituitary function and provides new information on the potential lability of the oocyte population. PMID- 7349547 TI - [Specific binding of cortisol to plasma protein in the guinea-pig from birth to weaning]. AB - We have estimated two parameters of guinea-pig adrenal function during the neonatal period: --the concentration of plasma cortisol by competitive binding to protein; --the association constant, Ka, and total capacity of CBG binding (NS) by the thin-layer gel filtration technique. The concentration of plasma cortisol, very high at birth, declined markedly between neonatal days 1 and 10 and then remained constant between days 10 and 20, the time of weaning. Ka was 0.25.10(7).M-1 in the newborn and the adult of both sexes. This value was lower than that of other species. NS, which was very high at birth (111 +/- 5 micrograms/100 ml in the male; 101 +/- 5 micrograms/100 ml in the female), decreased rapidly during the first two neonatal days. At that time, it reached adult levels in the female (45 +/- 5 micrograms/100 ml) and remained stable. Adult binding capacity (16 +/- 2 micrograms/100 ml) was reached in the male after neonatal day 20. PMID- 7349548 TI - [Digestion of field bean cytoplasmic carbohydrates by the preruminant calf]. PMID- 7349549 TI - Effect of various modifications in the diet on ileal epithelium renewal in germ free and conventional rats. AB - Renewal of the ileal epithelium has been studied in germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) rats fed with a semi-synthetic diet in the following forms: a) pellets sterilized by autoclaving (Pel. Au. diet); b) powder sterilized by gamma irradiation; when given to the rats, its weight in water was added to make a paste (Pa. I. diet); c) powder treated as (b) but with 10 p. 100 lactose added (L. Pa. I. diet). Ileal epithelium renewal time was similar in the GF rats fed with the Pel. Au. and Pa. I. diets. It was shorter in the CV rats fed with these two diets than in the GF rats and also in the CV rats given the Pa. I. diet than in those given the Pel. Au. diet. In GF and CV rats fed with the lactose diet, L. Pa. I., ileal epithelium renewal time was similar. These different effects were mainly due to variations in the number of cells produced in Lieberkuhn's crypts. They were not related to changes in the intestinal bile salts pool caused by the different diet treatments. PMID- 7349550 TI - [Influence of weaning method on the behavior and the hypophyseal-adrenal axis activity in the piglet]. AB - The pituitary-adrenal activity and behavioural reactions of 3-week weaned piglets kept in flat-decks were compared with those of 6-week weaned piglets kept in the maternity pen. Early weaning induced a transitory increase of plasma corticosteroid levels, while 6-week weaning did not influence those levels. Lower plasma corticosteroid levels were observed in piglets kept with the sow during post-natal weeks 4 and 5. To assess whether early weaning would affect subsequent reactivity, both groups of piglets were individually submitted to an open-field test, a neophobia test and a continuous avoidance schedule when they were 7-9 weeks old. Early-weaned piglets reacted less to the open field test, but pituitary-adrenal response was the same in both experimental groups. Early-weaned piglets were slower in approaching a new object (a food container) in a familiar environment (neophobia test), suggesting that they were more neophobic than 6 week weaned piglets. Avoidance conditioning performances were different in the two sexes: females had the same score whatever their previous rearing conditions, while 6-week weaned castrated males were relatively deficient in learning the task. Taken as a whole, the behavioural and pituitary-adrenal differences observed in the present study do not indicate that early weaning in flat-deck has long-term detrimental effects on the adaptive abilities of pigs. PMID- 7349551 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for direct ecdysteroid action on the brain in Lithobius forficatus L. (Myriapoda: Chilopoda). AB - Electrical activity of the brain of Lithobius forficatus has been recorded. The addition of ecdysteroids (moulting hormone) in the haemolymph increased the frequency and amplitude of electrical response. Such a stimulation might be specific to these products since cholesterol and juvenile hormone had no action. The destruction or removal of various parts of the cephalic endocrine system demonstrated that the pars intercerebralis (p.i.) (postero-median area of the protocerebron) was responsible for increasing electrical activity after ecdysone supply. PMID- 7349553 TI - [Phagostimulatory action of saccharose and sinigrin and proof of their regulation in the larva of crickets Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptere Acrididae)]. AB - The stimulatory effect of feeding sucrose and sinigrin was studied with Vth instar larvae of Schistocera gregaria (Orthoptera). The food consisted of filter paper impregnated with the phagostimulant dissolved at different concentrations in water. We studied the intake of filter paper and phagostimulant simultaneously and separately. The intake of sucrose or sinigrin-impregnated paper gradually increased up to a limit, depending on the concentration of the phagostimulant, then decreased. When the intakes of paper and of phagostimulant were studied separately, they evolved differently: phagostimulant intake remained constant at the highest concentrations as filter paper intake decreased. The stability of phagostimulant intake suggested regulatory processes whose nature has been discussed. The results with the two phagostimulants were comparable; however, they were obtained with lower amounts of sinigrin than of saccharose. There was no dissuasive or toxic effect even at every high concentrations. PMID- 7349552 TI - The effect of age on five ions of the kidney in the Fischer 344 rat. AB - It was proposed that the diminished renal function observed with advancing age could be due to a lower concentration of essential ions within the organ or an accumulation of ions which could produce cellular toxicity. This investigation reports the effect of age (3, 6, 12, 24 and 28 months) on the concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper and iron in renal homogenates of Fischer 344 strain rats. Samples of renal tissues were homogenized in a solution containing 5 p. 100 La + 25 p. 100 HNO3. The samples were digested, centrifuged and assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. With age, the magnesium concentration decreased (P less than 0.05) while the calcium and copper concentrations remained unchanged, and the zinc concentration decreased slightly while the iron concentration markedly increased (P less than 0.05). In summary, these data and other data obtained from similar studies of the brain and heart, suggest that the changes observed with age are unique to the kidney. Our results suggest that changes in ionic concentration in the kidney with respect to age could contribute to the diminished function observed in that organ with senescence. PMID- 7349554 TI - Comparative effects of some carbohydrates on serum sugars, triglycerides and digestive hydrolases. AB - For 3 weeks, rats were fed diets containing 60 p. 100 carbohydrate in the form of starch (wheat flour), purified sucrose, commercial sugar or a commercial sweetener containing a mixture of glucose and fructose. Glycemia was lower during the day than at night, and it was lowest in the starch-fed group. Fructosemia, high in all groups during the day, suggested endogenous production; it was low at night, showing efficient clearance of exogenous fructose. Triglyceridemia was highest in the rats fed purified sucrose and exhibited no light/dark variation in that group. It was higher in all the other groups during the day. Regarding pancreatic hydrolases, starch, rather than sugars, raised pancreatic amylase, while lipase did not correlate with endogenous hyperglyceridemia and was similar in all groups. Commercial preparations significantly lowered chymotrypsinogen contents. These results confirm that sucrose and equimolar mixtures of glucose and fructose are not equivalent (disaccharide effect). The data evidence an endogenous fructose production during the day and suggest that commercial sugar, often used in the preparation of diets, may have different effects than purified sucrose. PMID- 7349555 TI - Effects of changes of photoperiod on gametogenesis in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - After their first reproductive period, adult male and female rainbow trout were put under three different photoperiodic regimes between January and June: (1) short daylength (6 h of light/day), (2) decreasing daylengths (16L : 8D leads to 10L : 14D), (3) skeleton photoperiod consisting of short day-length (6L : 18D) with a one-hour flash at various times during the dark cycle in a decreasing daylength fashion (between 16L and 10L), i.e. at the end of the daylight period of the preceding group. The rearing temperature was 15 degrees C. After the fish were killed in June, it was found that decreasing daylength (group 2) had stimulated vitellogenesis. In that group, spermatogenesis was also highly stimulated in all the males, and some were in spermiation. No significant stimulation of vitellogenesis was observed in any of the groups of females which showed a follicular diameter of less than 1 mm. Spermatogenesis had not begun in any males of group 1 and 3 but the testicular cycle was slightly advanced in group 3 in which residual spermatozoa had disappeared from the lobules, while they still subsisted in group 2. The hypothesis proposing the present pattern of photosensitive phase, shifting between 16L and 10L (group 3) during the gametogenetic cycle, cannot explain the stimulatory effect of the decreasing photoperiod (group 1). PMID- 7349556 TI - [Influence of prolonged physical training on the composition of fatty acids of epididymal adipose tissue and of the carcass in the young rat on a dietary regime of sunflower, rapeseed or primor oil]. AB - Weanling SPF male rats were fed for 12 weeks purified diets containing by weight 15 p. 100 sunflower oil, high erucic acid rapeseed oil or low erucic acid rapeseed oil. During the same period of time they were subjected to a moderate treadmill-running program and compared with sedentary animals fed the same diets. At the end of the experiment, epididymal and perirenal adipose tissues were removed and weighed, carcass lipids were extracted and weighed and their fatty acid compositions were determined by GLC on glass capillary columns. Training decreased body weight, fat pad weight and lipid content of the carcass. However the decrease of fat pad weight in response to exercise was more important in the case of perirenal adipose tissue than in that of epididymal adipose tissue. Fatty acid composition was greatly influenced by the nature of the dietary lipids but little affected by training. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and eicosenoic acid stores in the epididymal fat of trained rats decreased but not those of stearic, linolenic and erucic acids. PMID- 7349557 TI - Observations of growth plate development in achondroplastic (cn/cn) mice. AB - The autosomal recessive gene for achondroplasia (cn) in the homozygous condition inhibits the growth of the cartilaginous skeleton in mice. Changes in the width of the proximal growth plate of the tibia and the caudal vertebrae and in the number of proliferative and hypertrophic cells were recorded in normal and achondroplastic (cn/cn) mice during the first 30 neonatal days. In normal mice as in achondroplastics, the width of the cartilaginous growth plate decreased progressively with increasing age. The proliferative zone of cn/cn mice was similar in structure to that of normal mice and showed no significant difference. Hypertrophied cartilage was less wide and there were fewer hypertrophic cells at the epiphyseal plates than found in normal mice. The data of the present study show that retarded longitudinal bone growth in cn/cn mice is due to reduced hypertrophy of the chondrocytes. PMID- 7349558 TI - Importance of the abomasum in digestion in the preruminant calf. PMID- 7349559 TI - Behaviour of digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice and pancreas of rats fed on a low-protein diet (3 p. 100 of cereal protein) then on a balanced diet (23.5 p. 100 of mixed protein). AB - The aim of this study in the rat was to determine the effect of a low-protein diet (3 p. 100 cereal protein) and balanced refeeding (23.5 p. 100 mixed protein) on the activity of some pancreatic digestive enzymes and the amount of their secretion. Parallel studies were carried out on the pancreas and its exocrine secretion. 1) With a low-protein diet (21 days), there was a decrease in the amounts of bile and pancreatic juice secreted. During balanced refeeding (18 days), the amount of bile secreted returned to normal and, although that of the juice increased, it was less than the amount secreted by the reference lot. 2) Body and pancreatic weights decreased slightly with the low-protein diet. The protein content and mitotic ability of the pancreas declined. However, during balanced refeeding, the ponderal weight of the pancreas returned to normal more rapidly than that of the overall organism. Pancreatic protein content and mitotic ability also augmented. 3) The low-protein diet produced an overall decrease in enzyme activity in the pancreas and in the juice. However, in the absence of any dietary stimulation, these activities were not affected proportionally in the same way as the pancreas and its exocrine secretion. Nevertheless, no disturbance in the digestion and absorption of the ration was observed. 4) During balanced refeeding, enzyme activities increased to different levels in the juice and the pancreas but after 18 days total enzyme activity had not been entirely recovered. 5) Enzyme activity varied widely, especially during the first 48 hrs of malnutrition and the first 36 hrs of refeeding. PMID- 7349560 TI - Phenotypic variability in unweaned 3-week-old Zucker rats. AB - At 3 weeks of age, Zucker rats could not be classified as normal or obese according to body or liver weight. On the other hand, determination of subcutaneous adipose tissue weight per 100 grams of body weight permitted both phenotypes to be distinguished, provided that the growth variations particular to each litter were taken into account. Rats whose future obesity is predictable using this method, have significantly elevated serum levels of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and phospholipids. However, further analysis of these values indicated that in fact there were two subgroups of both obese and non-obese rats, i.e., those which had elevated serum lipid levels and those which did not. PMID- 7349561 TI - [Regression of chick embryo tail gut. Stage of determination of cell degeneration and role of the associated mesenchyme]. AB - In chick embryo the complete degeneration of the tail gut is carried out between H and H stages 20 to 24 and cell alterations are noticeable from stage 19. This paper reports a study to ascertain whether degeneration of the tail gut cells is already determined. The tail guts of donor embryos were taken at stages 17 to 20 and implanted into the leg bud of 4 to 5-day host embryos. In another series, stage 19 tail guts were implanted with their associated mesenchyme. The fate of the implants was histologically studied in the hosts at different times during their subsequent development. The younger grafts formed tubular structures almost identical to the normal tail gut. Implanted stage 19 tail guts with practically no mesenchyme did not degenerate; they maintained their structure but did not differentiate further. The tail guts implanted with associated mesenchyme degenerated, and stage 20 tail guts also regressed. The death of the tail gut cells was not determined until the degeneration processes had actually begun, the fate of the tail gut cells depending on their environment. PMID- 7349562 TI - On the relationship between the number of spermatozoa and the probability of conception. PMID- 7349563 TI - Changes in plasma gonadotropin after ovariectomy and estradiol supplementation at different stages at the end of the reproductive cycle in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). AB - To determine the effect of gonadal feedback on plasma GTH level, female rainbow trout were ovariectomized at three stages at the end of the reproductive cycle: at the end of vitellogenesis, during germinal vesicle migration and during the post-ovulatory period. A group of controls and one of castrates in each experiment were given an injection of physiological salt solution, and a third group of castrates was supplemented with estradiol-17 beta (E2) twice a week (200 micrograms/kg) from the day of surgery. The blood was sampled twice a week, and the GTH measured by RIA. At the end of vitellogenesis, castration induced a significant rise in the gonadotropic hormone level (P less than 0.001 from post surgical day 5), and that response, unimpeded by E2, was homogeneous in all the fish. During germinal vesicle migration, the response to castration and to supplementary E2 varied with the individual. Ovariectomy induced a significant increase in GTH (P less than 0.005 from day 3), but that increase was immediate in 5 females and delayed in the other 4; E2 prevented GTH rise in only 6 females. At the post-ovulatory period we found no significant difference between the control fish and the castrates and E2, at least temporarily, prevented the post ovulatory rise in GTH which is usually found in trout. PMID- 7349564 TI - The effect of cooling rate before freezing and the temperature of the semen upon addition of DMSO on the fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored at - 196 degrees C. AB - Semen was collected from Single Comb White Leghorn roosters, diluted 1:4 with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender at 35 degrees C and cooled at various rates to 5 degrees C. DMSO was added to the semen between 10 and 120 min after ejaculation at temperatures between 15 and 5 degrees C, respectively. Following the addition of DMSO, the semen was allowed to equilibrate for 2 h in a 5 degrees C environment. The semen was then frozen at 1 degree C per min from 5 degrees C to 20 degrees C, transferred into liquid nitrogen vapour for 4 to 10 min and then immersed in liquid nitrogen for 4 to 60 days. The thawed semen was inseminated on two consecutive days and fertility was calculated during 5 and 7 days commencing on the second day after the last insemination. In general, fertility was unaffected by the rate of cooling and the temperature at which the DMSO was added. In one trial, however, the fertilizing capacity was significantly greater if the DMSO was added within 45 min when the temperature of the semen was 15 degrees C. Approximately 42 to 71 p. 100 of eggs laid by hens during the 5 day period after the second insemination were fertile regardless of the method of cooling or the temperature of the semen when the DMSO was added. The motility of the ejaculates after thawing and before insemination varied between 15 and 55 p. 100 and this measure of physiological quality was a poor indicator of fertilizing capacity. Embryonic mortality was unaffected by the cooling and freezing procedure and hatchability of fertile eggs was not significantly different for the hens inseminated with either fresh or frozen semen. PMID- 7349565 TI - Sperm number required for maximum fertility of chicken semen processed for freezing. AB - Two independent experiments were designed to determine the number of sperm needed for maximum fertility of chicken semen processed for freezing. Pooled semen samples were either diluted 1:2 or 1:5 with the Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender, while undiluted samples served as controls. Samples were then subsequently processed (pre-freeze), according to the Beltsville method, as if they were going to be frozen. At two stages of processing, after 2-hr holding at 5 degrees C in the absence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and after an additional 2 hr holding at 5 degrees C in the presence of 4 p. 100 DMSO, aliquots were removed and tested for fertility. Each test hen was intravaginally inseminated with either 100, 300, or 600 million sperm from undiluted or processed semen samples. The number of sperm required for the undiluted controls was determined to be 100 million sperm whereas the fertility of samples processed with 4 p. 100 DMSO was significantly lower than the undiluted controls regardless of the sperm number inseminated or the dilution rate. Dilution rate did influence the number of sperm required for samples cooled for 2 hrs at 5 degrees C in the absence of DMSO. In samples diluted 1:2, 100 million sperm were needed for maximum fertility, whereas 300 million sperm were needed with samples diluted 1:5. PMID- 7349566 TI - Reduction of body weight during growing and holding periods and subsequent semen production and fertility in turkeys. PMID- 7349567 TI - A comparison of the reproductive and growth performances of offspring from broiler breeder males selected for early growth rate using artificial insemination and unselected males kept on deep litter. AB - Broiler breeder males were selected for early growth rate at 5 weeks of age (average weight + 0.5 SD). The reproductive and growth performances of the offspring of these males using artificial insemination with stored semen was compared with those from non-selected males kept on deep litter under conditions of natural mating. On three different occasions (31, 41 and 51 weeks of age), the eggs of the two treatments were incubated and, although the reproductive performances showed little difference over the entire period, hatchability of eggs set was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher for the field hens on the first occasion. The opposite was true after 50 weeks of age due to a serious decline in fertility in natural mating. At all periods, the selected males produced significantly (p less than 0.01) heavier offspring at six weeks of age. PMID- 7349568 TI - Selection for sperm quality in White Plymouth rocks. AB - A selection for sperm quality was carried out in the White Plymouth Rock population of the Spelderholt institute. The percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was used as the most important selection criterion. The population was selected in two directions, viz. a line with a low incidence (Ll line) of abnormal spermatozoa and a line with a high incidence (Hl-line). Cocks were examined and selected at the age of 26 weeks with the help of vital stained sperm smears. The selection response in the Ll-line appeared to be very evident; in the Hl-line the results were more variable. An indirect effect of selection on 8-week bodyweight could be established. PMID- 7349569 TI - An attempt to improve the fertility of stored fowl semen with certain additives in a basic diluent. AB - The following substances were added to a basic diluent for fowl semen either separately or in combination: caproic acid, formaldehyde, acetyl carnitine, adenine, inosine, sodium pyruvate, succinic acid, dithiothreitol, sodium citrate and zinc, chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate. No significant improvement in the fertility of semen stored at 5 degrees C for either 24 or 48 hrs was obtained over that produced with the basic diluent. Dithiothreitol and sodium citrate caused a marked lowering of fertility when present in the diluent. PMID- 7349570 TI - Changes in the characteristics of turkey ejaculated semen and ductus deferens semen with repeated ejaculations. PMID- 7349571 TI - Testis development and daily sperm output in guinea-fowl raised under constant daily photoperiods. AB - The testicular growth of guinea-fowls in relation to age was compared under 3 constant photoperiods (7L: 17D; 14L: 10D; 20L: 4D) from 3 weeks of age. Although long daylength (14L or 20L) caused precocious development of the gonads, it also limited total adult gonadal weight to around 1 800 +/- 200 mg. Short daylengths (7L) delayed the development of the gonads but their adult weight was enhanced to 2 800 +/- 200 mg. A comparison of the changes in daily sperm output (DSO) under 7L: 17D and 14L: 10D was consistent with the observations on testis weights. Under neither photoschedule was a correlation found between individual age at first ejaculate and the individual DSO observed at sexual maturity. However, the mean individual DSO's estimated from the first 10 ejaculates were correlated to those observed at sexual maturity, and the latter were also correlated to the DSO's observed at 53-55 or 59-61 weeks of age. PMID- 7349572 TI - Predicting the adult daily sperm output after the first ejaculates in cockerels raised under different photoschedules. AB - In M33 cockerels, the rapid phase of testicular growth and the onset of sperm production were advanced either by increasing daylengths or an interrupted-night photoschedule; they were delayed by constant short days (8L). The results observed under constant long days (16L) were intermediate. In this strain, the cockerels maintained their mean testicular weight during the adult period while their daily sperm output (DSO) gradually declined. Individual variations in the DSO results were greater than individual variations in testicular weight. These variations did not appear to be influenced by the photoschedules. The differences in DSO observed between the best and the worst semen donors at the end of testicular development or thereafter remained relatively stable in ageing cockerels, except in birds submitted to increased photoperiods. This is the basis of the method described here for reliably choosing the best semen donors just before they are used as breeders. PMID- 7349573 TI - Variations in the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and androstenedione and their relationship with the adult daily sperm output in cockerels raised under different photoschedules. AB - Circulating levels of LH and androstenedione were measured in 4 groups of 30 cockerels from 3 to 26 weeks of age. Each group was submitted to a different programme of artificial lighting, either a long (16 h) photoperiod, a short (8 h) photoperiod, an increasing (8 h to 16 h) photoperiod or a night-interruption regimen. Measurements were also made of the numbers of spermatozoa ejaculated on a daily basis between 22 and 24 weeks of age, and these data were then compared with data on the hormone levels in plasma. Certain differences in mean plasma hormone levels between groups subjected to different photoperiodic treatments were observed. Adult plasma levels of LH were lowest in birds exposed to 16 h of light per day while they were attained later in animals exposed to only 8 h of light per day. Similarly, adult plasma levels of androstenedione were attained at a later age in birds subjected to 8 h light per day than in the other treatment groups while the highest peak values, around the time of puberty, were found in cockerels receiving 8 h light in two blocks of 7 h and 1 h. Although some differences in hormone parameters were found between the best and the poorest sperm producers under certain of the lighting programmes, no relationship could be found between either the mean plasma level of LH, the duration of the pre pubertal plateau of LH, the age at the pre-pubertal rise in LH or the age at the pre-pubertal rise in androstenedione and the level of adult fertility. PMID- 7349574 TI - [Hydrogeochemical laboratory studies of rock stuffs and a blast furnace slag]. PMID- 7349575 TI - Experimental corticosteroid myopathy. AB - The steroids triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beta-methasone, and cortisone were administered i.p. to adult rats for 14-63 days. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL, white muscle) and soleus (SOL, red muscle) muscles were examined histologically and histochemically. Triamcinolone was the most potent lesion producing drug. Selective involvement of muscles, and of the fiber types within them was observed: Necrotic changes were seen only in the type 1 fibers of the SOL; atrophic fibers were observed in the type 2 fibers of both the SOL and the EDL. PMID- 7349577 TI - Turner's syndrome and vein of Galen aneurysm--a previously unreported association. PMID- 7349576 TI - Intracytoplasmic vacuoles in alpha W fibers of dystrophic chicken muscle- probable early pathologic event initiates massive fiber necrosis. AB - An electron-microscopic study on dystrophic chicken white muscle, posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD), was performed with histochemical identification of three fiber types of beta R (red), alpha R and alpha W (white) fibers to evaluate the pathophysiology in fiber necrosis. As seen in histochemically stained sections, vacuolar formation in the cytoplasm, an outstanding pathologic feature in chicken dystrophy, was recognized in the alpha W fibers by electron microscopy. The vacuole was membrane-bound and thought to originate from coalescence or dilatation of extensively proliferated sarcotubular system. There was evidence of a delay in fiber type transformation from alpha R to alpha W in dystrophic white muscle, while the initial pathologic event of sarcotubular system proliferation might be expressed only after muscle fibers had attained histochemical characteristics of alpha W fibers. Localized myofibrillar degeneration was encountered in the vicinity of the vacuole with focal membrane defect. An influx of extracellular fluid through the vacuolated sarcotubular system into the sarcoplasm may activate certain proteases, such as calcium-dependent protease because the extracellular fluid contains high concentration of calcium ion. The activated protease then degrades structural protein, especially Z-line protein, followed by fiber necrosis with phagocytosis. PMID- 7349578 TI - The ultrastructure of intramuscular nerves in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Muscle biopsies of 11 patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were examined and the i.m. nerves found in seven of them were examined by electron microscopy. In atrophied muscles there was a marked decrease of myelinated fibers. The ultrastructure of the remaining myelinated axons showed changes in the neurofilaments, mitochondria, and vesicles. There was a decrease in the number of unmyelinated fibers as well as the myelinated fibers. Occasionally, there was an increase of unmyelinated fibers containing small fine axons. There were corpora amylacea in unmyelinated axons and banded structures in the extracellular area of the Schwann cells of the unmyelinated fibers. Some of these findings were considered as the ultrastructural features of degeneration and regeneration in i.m. nerves of motoneurons in ALS. PMID- 7349580 TI - Protracted form of Canavan's disease: case history and protein kinase activity of membrane fractions. AB - Clinical and morphological findings in an 8-year-old Jewish girl with spongy leukodystrophy are presented. Ultrastructural changes indicated that this may be a form of Canavan's disease with some atypical features. Biochemical measurements indicated that synaptosomal membranes prepared from the striatum but not from the cerebral cortex were deficient in protein kinase activity based on incorporation of 32P into proteins. Both areas contained the same spectrum of proteins. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) measurements indicated no significant differences between brain areas, or when compared to tissue obtained from a stillborn and a 5-year-old child. PMID- 7349579 TI - The role of postischemic recirculation in the development of ischemic neuronal injury following complete cerebral ischemia. AB - The neuronal response to complete cerebral ischemia (CCI) of 5-15 min duration was evaluated at the light and electron microscopic level subsequent to postischemic recirculation periods of up to 60 min. Following postischemic reperfusion, the homogeneous neuronal changes characteristic of permanent CCI were modified into a heterogeneous pattern of selectively vulnerable neuronal responses. Four basic types of neuronal injury were represented within this heterogeneous neuronal population. The Type I neuronal response was most numerous and consisted of chromatin clumping, nucleolar condensation and a breakdown of polysomes. This response may represent a reversal of some of the neuronal changes observed after permanent CCI. In addition to the above changes, Type II neurons contained swollen mitochondria and Golgi saccules which appeared as microvacuoles under the light microscope. Type III neurons displayed varying degrees of neuronal shrinkage and numerous swollen mitochondria. Type IV neurons were markedly shrunken and electron-dense with few identifiable subcellular structures. The distribution of Type I neurons was random but the other neuronal responses occurred in "selectively vulnerable" brain regions. The number of Type II, III, and IV neurons increased with extended insult durations but were unaffected by the length of recirculation. Ten minutes of CCI represented the threshold for a significant increase in the number of severely altered neurons. These findings suggest that considerable neuronal injury may be present after 10 15 min of CCI, and the lack of a recirculation period following CCI appears to afford the brain parenchyma an extensive degree of structural protection. PMID- 7349581 TI - Pineoblastoma with ganglionic and glial differentiation: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of pineoblastoma in infants are reported. Both cases exhibited ganglionic and astrocytic differentiation, and one case also showed retinoblastomatous features. Divergent differentiation has been frequently reported in pineocytomas, but ganglionic and glial features in the highly malignant primitive pineoblastoma are unusual. These cases extend the concept of pineoblastoma and further confirm the differentiating potential of primary pineal parenchymal neoplasms. PMID- 7349582 TI - Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Shock. Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri, June 1980. Part 2. PMID- 7349583 TI - Hemodynamics, hypoglycemia, and hepato-pancreatic pathology during the course of endotoxin shock. AB - The interrelationships between hemodynamics and hypoglycemia during the course of endotoxin shock (ES) has not been fully defined. In the following study, ES (E. coli, 1 mg/kg; n = 7) was induced in a canine model and systemic hemodynamics, glucose metabolism, and hepatic and pancreatic function monitored for 5 hr and compared to time-matched controls (TMC, n = 7). Total peripheral resistance (TPR, dynes-sec-cm-5) increased from 3227 +/- 430 to 4050 +/- 750 at 30 min and then declined to 3050 +/- 1100 at 90 minutes. TPR progressively increased to 6225 +/- 749 by 5 hours. Plasma glucose did not significantly differ from control values (105 +/- 4 mg%) for the first 90 min but then declined to 68 +/- 6 mg% at 4.5 hours. (TMC = 103 +/- 17, P less than 0.05). Serum amylase during the 5 hr protocol was not elevated (TMC = 110.9 +/- 2.4; ES = 100 +/- 1.97%; P greater than 0.1), and light microscopy of the exocrine pancreas demonstrated normal acinar structure. Islet cell structure from the ES group is not significantly different from the TMC. Hepatic histology in the ES group demonstrated periportal and perilobular degranulation and hepatocyte disruption not seen in the TMC. It is hypothesized that ES results in a circle of positive feedback initiated by an increase in TPR and subsequent decrease in flow resulting in hepato-pancreatic ischemia. Ischemic damage is most apparent at the liver and leads to changes in hepatic metabolic activities which contribute to the developing hypoglycemia of the late phase of ES. PMID- 7349584 TI - Increased muscle oxygen consumption during electrical stimulation following endotoxin administration. AB - In this study, skeletal muscle oxygen demand was increased by electrical stimulation to determine if restricted oxygen supply to skeletal muscle in endotoxin-treated dogs was limiting oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle blood flow was measured directly and arterio-venous differences of oxygen were determined in hindlimb muscles by obtaining blood samples simultaneously from the carotid artery and profunda femoris veins. Hindlimb muscle stimulation did not influence the systemic hemodynamic parameters monitored in either saline or endotoxin treated animals, although endotoxin treated animals demonstrated the well-characterized hemodynamic changes. During stimulation, skeletal muscle oxygen consumption was elevated due to increased oxygen extraction and blood flow in both treatment groups. No significant difference in oxygen consumption by nonstimulated muscle was observed between treatment groups. However, muscle oxygen extraction following endotoxin was greater than either pre-treatment or saline extraction values. This study demonstrates that following endotoxin administration, oxygen extraction by skeletal muscle is not maximal, and the muscle can further increase oxygen extraction with greater oxygen demand. Thus, skeletal muscle oxygen supply is not limiting the oxygen consumption following endotoxin treatment. PMID- 7349585 TI - The influence of elevated fibronectin levels during sepsis on the distribution of blood-borne particles. AB - We assessed serum fibronectin levels during septic shock and modification of the levels by intravenous fibronectin infusion. Male rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture received intravenously, either fibronectin in saline or saline only, 18-20 hours after the cecal ligation. The cecum was then excised. Fibronectin was assessed by electroimmunoassay and RES function by organ localization of gelatinized labeled colloid. Serum fibronectin concentration increased after the cecal ligation. It then fell one hour after the second operation (cecectomy) in saline-treated rats, but increased in fibronectin-treated rats. Fibronectin treatment did not enhance survival. Two other groups of rats received gelatinized labeled colloid one hour after the cecectomy. The fibronectin-treated group did not have increased hepatic uptake, but had increased pulmonary localization of gelatinized labeled colloid. The enhanced pulmonary localization may be due to fibronectin-induced opsonization and aggregation of particles which then embolize in the lungs. Though reversal of fibronectin deficiency has been documented to improve organ function, indiscriminate fibronectin supplementation without documentation of fibronectin deficiency should not be undertaken, since our present study demonstrates that excessive fibronectin levels may lead to particle aggregation. PMID- 7349586 TI - Oxidative capability of hepatic tissue in late sepsis. AB - It has been previously demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the livers of septic rats display an oxidative phosphorylation capability similar to that of mitochondria from normal hepatocytes. The present study was performed to determine whether this is also true at the level of the whole tissue or was perhaps the result of mitochondrial isolation. To study this, sepsis in rats was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). 16-19 hr after CLP (late sepsis) rats were sacrificed and the livers removed and placed in ice-cold Krebs Ringer's phosphate buffer. Slices less than 1-mm thick were prepared and placed in the well of a temperature controlled O2 monitor. O2 consumption by liver slices was monitored in buffer equilibrated with 100% O2 (high O2) or room air (low O2). Slices from both septic and sham-operated rats exhibited high initial rates of respiration in high O2 environment (34.3 +/- 3.4 and 31.5 +/- 2.5 microliters/min/gm, respectively). Rates of oxygen consumption were significantly lower after 20 min in high O2 and initially in low O2. Under each environmental condition there was no significant difference in O2 consumption between liver slices from sham-operated and septic rats. The decline in O2 consumption in high O2 was not reversed by resuspending in high O2 buffer but was further inhibited by KCN. These results support the view that depressed O2 consumption in late sepsis is secondary to decreased O2 delivery rather than a primary deficit in oxidative capability of the hepatocytes. PMID- 7349587 TI - Hepatocellular dysfunction in early sepsis despite increased hepatic blood flow. AB - Although it is known that hepatic failure occurs in late sepsis, it is not known whether there are alterations in hepatocellular function in early sepsis when hyperdynamic circulation exists in conjunction with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. To study this, indocyanine green (ICG) clearance and serum levels of hepatic enzymes were measured during early and late sepsis. Sepsis in rats was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ten hours following CLP (early sepsis) total hepatic blood flow (THBF) as measured by hydrogen polarography increased from 23.9 +/- 1.1 to 30.6 +/- 1.4 (ml/min/100 gm). ICG (5 mg/kg body weight--BW) was given intravenously and sequential blood samples taken to determine ICG clearance. ICG half-times (T/2) were 4.99 +/- 0.15 and 6.57 +/- 0.51 minutes for sham-operated and early sepsis rats, respectively (mean +/- S.E., P less than 0.01). SGOT and SGPT levels (IU/ml) increased from 38.1 +/- 0.6 to 69.8 +/- 2.6 and 9.9 +/- 0.4 to 25.6 +/- 1.5, respectively (P less than 0.001). Thus the T/2 of ICG as well as serum levels of liver enzymes increased significantly during early sepsis. Eight additional rats underwent CLP and were tested 16 hours later (late sepsis). THBF in late sepsis decreased to 15.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 gm. ICG T/2 at that time was 8.2 +/- 0.48 min and SGOT and SGPT level were 132 +/- 14.5 and 42 +/- 3.4, respectively (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that heptocellular dysfunction occurs even in the early period of sepsis when THBF is increased. Progressive dysfunction occurs in late sepsis concomitant with a decrease in THBF. PMID- 7349588 TI - [Anatomo-surgical study of the use of an hepatic clamp in major hepatic resections]. PMID- 7349589 TI - [Chylothorax as a rare late complication of post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7349590 TI - [Polyps of the large intestine: comparison of endoscopic and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7349592 TI - [Diagnostic value of echotomography in the discovery of abdominal abscesses]. PMID- 7349593 TI - [Bronchial leiomyoma]. PMID- 7349594 TI - [Double-contrast radiographic examination of the resected stomach]. PMID- 7349595 TI - [Motivation psychology aspects of motor control]. PMID- 7349596 TI - [Psychological diagnosis from ordinal scale levels: measurement theory principles, model test and parameter estimation]. PMID- 7349597 TI - [Motivational, cognitive and affective components of fairness in social interaction and distribution of rewards]. PMID- 7349598 TI - [Effect of verbal aggression in discussions]. PMID- 7349599 TI - [Testing assumed distribution in variance and regression analyses]. PMID- 7349600 TI - [Ovarian refractoriness to gonadotropins and evaluation of estrogen-prolactin feedback in hyperprolactinemic states: experimental studies]. PMID- 7349601 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in female genital inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 7349602 TI - [Thyroid hormones in amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7349603 TI - [Anatomo-functional restoration of a special genital malformation (hematocolpos of blind hemivagina with communicating uterus bicornis bicollis)]. PMID- 7349604 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of anti-arrhythmia agents in hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmia]. PMID- 7349605 TI - [Arrhythmias of reperfusion in ischemic cardiopathy: clinical significance and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7349606 TI - [Critical evaluation of the hemodynamic and angiographic parameters in left ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 7349607 TI - [General principles of organization of cardiovascular reflexes and a hypothesis on their physiological significance]. PMID- 7349608 TI - [The baroceptor hemisectoriality in the autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7349609 TI - [Coronary anastomotic circulation and left ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 7349610 TI - [Advantages and limitations of bidimensional echocardiography in the study of left ventricular aneurysms]. PMID- 7349611 TI - [Diagnostic value of ECG-VCG in post-infarction ventricular asynergy]. PMID- 7349612 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms]. PMID- 7349613 TI - [Aneurysm of the left ventricle. Introduction]. PMID- 7349614 TI - [Clinical value of the determination of anti-arrhythmia drugs in the plasma]. PMID- 7349615 TI - Psychiatric specialists: some numbers. PMID- 7349616 TI - Intelligence as a factor in evoked potential studies of psychopathology. I. Comparison of low and high IQ subjects. AB - To evaluate possible influences of differences in intelligence on evoked potential (EP) relations to psychopathology, EPs of subjects with high and low scores on Raven's Progressive Matrices were compared. EPs to left median nerve (LSEP), right median nerve (RSEP), visual (VEP), and auditory (AEP) stimul were recorded from 15 leads. EPs of age- and sex-matched high and low IQ nonpatients (7 of each) and psychiatric patients (40 of each) were compared with respect to group mean EPs, amplitude, latency, and wave-shape stability measures; high and low IQ patients were also matched for diagnosis. Certain differences between high and low IQ subjects were common to both patients and nonpatients; lower IQ was associated with (i) higher early (before 100 msec) LSEP and RSEP amplitudes; (ii) lower later LSEP amplitudes; (iii) less late epoch LSEP wave-shape stability; (iv) less VEP wave-shape stability. Since these EP characteristics resemble deviations from normal reported for psychotics, intelligence differences could account for part, but by no means all, of the psychopathology-related EP differences. The relationship to IQ of the EP contour length ("string") measure, reported by Hendrickson and Hendrickson to be highly correlated with IQ, was also assessed; results were negative. PMID- 7349617 TI - Intelligence as a factor in evoked potential studies of psychopathology. II. Correlations between treatment-associated changes in IQ and evoked potentials. AB - The first report of this series indicated that evoked potential (EP) characteristics previously shown to correlate with psychopathology differed between subjects with high and low intelligence test scores (IQ). This paper reports the results of an attempt to determine if these IQ-EP relationships could result from variations in clinical state, rather than from differences between groups in trait IQ. Two patient groups were selected on the basis of the shifts in their Raven Progressive Matrices scores from first test to retest: (i) increase of 17-46 percentile points; (ii) decrease of 5 to 30 points. Their somatosensory, visual, and auditory EPs were compared in several ways to determine if the EP changes on retest were correlated with the IQ changes, as predicted from the state hypothesis. The results did not confirm the predictions, suggesting that the previous findings reflected differences in trait IQ. PMID- 7349618 TI - Effects of naloxone on normals and chronically anxious patients. AB - A significant number of normal and chronically anxious subjects were able to discriminate subjectively between a session in which they received naloxone and one which they received a placebo. However, affective and physiological measures did not differ significantly between the drug and placebo sessions. The weakness of the response makes it unlikely that a naloxone-responsive endogenous opioid system is substantially involved in the regulation of anxiety. An unexpected finding from the placebo session data was that, despite increased forehead muscle tension and high self-ratings of distress, chronically anxious subjects showed consistently stable sympathetic activity under resting conditions and mild stress, indicating the existence of a subgroup of generalized anxiety patients with low autonomic reactivity. PMID- 7349619 TI - Lithium and mood change in affective disorder patients. AB - The authors evaluated whether the dysphoric effects reported by normals given lithium in several recent studies might also be found in depressed patients if detailed self-ratings were used in a double-blind study design. Nine depressed patients were studied at the end of lithium and placebo treatment trials. No overall adverse effects of lithium were found for the entire group, but individuals showed significant inverse correlations between pretreatment dysphoria and depression and the development of these symptoms with lithium, i.e., the less dysphoric and depressed patients (the more "normal" individuals) did report more adverse symptoms while the patients with higher initial symptom scores rated themselves as improved. PMID- 7349620 TI - Individual differences in the response of dopamine receptor number to chronic haloperidol treatment. AB - Previous studies of the haloperidol-induced increase in dopamine (DA) receptor number have not emphasized the existence of individual differences. The present study evaluated DA receptor number in individual rat and mouse caudates after haloperidol or drug-free feeding. After 3 months of haloperidol treatment of rats there was a 78% increase in caudate DA receptor number, accompanied by a significantly increased variance in the number of DA receptors in haloperidol treated compared with control rats. Although three inbred mouse strains (Balb/C, C3H, and CBA) also showed significant increases in DA receptor number after 3 months of haloperidol treatment, no increased variance was observed after haloperidol treatment. Wild-type mice from a genetically heterogenous population showed increases in DA receptor number after chronic haloperidol treatment accompanied by a significantly increased variance in receptor number of the drug treated group. These findings suggest that pharmacogenetic factors may be important in determining the magnitude of DA receptor response to long-term neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 7349621 TI - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity levels in men at high risk for alcoholism and controls. AB - Plasma DBH activity levels were determined for 22 nonalcoholic young men with alcoholic close relatives (the FHP or family history positive group) and results compared to family history negative (FHN) controls matched on demography, height/weight ratio, and drinking history. These enzyme levels were then correlated with the usual drinking history over the prior 6 months and with the intensity of intoxication achieved after drinking 0.75 ml of ethanol/kg body weight. The FHP men demonstrated a 20% lower level of DBH (p greater than 0.1) indicating no significant difference between the groups. Base-line DBH activities correlated significantly with the level of intoxication for the FHN group (r = 0.44, p less than 0.025) with a trend for an inverse correlation with the average drinking history. FHP men, on the other hand, demonstrated only a nonsignificant association between peak intoxication level and base-line DBH and a positive correlation (r = 0.37, p less than 0.05) with the average number of drinks/drinking day. These results are not consistent with the probability that a premorbid DBH assay could be used as one indicator of propensity towards alcoholism. The differences between FHP and FHN groups on correlations between DBH and peak intoxication or usual drinking history raise speculations that the "normal" (FHN) relationship between alcohol intake and plasma DBH activity may be impaired in individuals at high risk (FHP) for the future development of alcoholism. PMID- 7349622 TI - Leucotomized and nonleucotomized schizophrenics: comparison on tests of attention. AB - Deficits in attention have been strongly linked with both schizophrenia and pathology in the prefrontal cortex. This observation was tested by administering a battery of commonly used tests of attention, sustained mental activity, and tracking to 16 patients who had undergone prefrontal leucotomy approximately 25 years earlier. Presurgical diagnosis in each patient was schizophrenia. The 16 were divided into three groups based on their recovery after surgery. A control group of nonleucotomized schizophrenics was established to control for psychiatric symptomatology. A second control group consisted of subjects without history of psychiatric or CNS disorder. In general, there was no statistically significant impairment of performance in attention tests between the patients with prefrontal psychosurgery and the normal control subjects. The nonoperated schizophrenic control group performed most poorly. Lesion chronicity, interaction of leucotomy and presurgical psychiatric state, and conditions of test administration are suggested as possible explanations for the unexpected results. PMID- 7349623 TI - Schizophrenia, celiac disease, gluten antibodies, and the importance of beta. PMID- 7349624 TI - Receptor supersensitivity: relationships to cerebral anatomy and histopathology of schizophrenia. PMID- 7349625 TI - Confirmation of deviant EEG-evoked potential relationships in the neuroses. AB - A previous study of relationships between EEG and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) measurements in psychiatric patients showed correlations between EEG and SEP amplitudes to be negative in nine neurotic patients and positive in nine age- and sex-matched nonpatients. The present study attempted to replicate this finding in 35 neurotics and 35 age- and sex-matched nonpatients. Data involved amplitudes of SEPs to right median nerve stimuli from frontal, central, and parietal leads and central and parietal EEG amplitudes (eyes open and closed), both obtained in the context of our comprehensive EP recording procedure. Correlations between SEP and EEG amplitudes in controls were generally positive, while those in patients tended to be negative or close to zero. No specific neurosis group differed from the others. The results confirm the previous finding in showing absence of normal EEG-SEP amplitude relationships in neurotic disorders. PMID- 7349626 TI - Anesthetics and electroconvulsive therapy seizure duration: implications for therapy from a rat model. AB - The anesthetic agents methohexital (Brevital), Innovar, and ketamine (Ketaject) were examined for their effect on seizure duration following electroconvulsive stimulation in a rat model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Compared to unanesthetized control animals, methohexital anesthesia shortened seizure duration by 42%, ketamine anesthesia tended to increase seizure duration, and Innovar anesthesia had no effect on duration of seizures. PMID- 7349629 TI - Intercellular bridges in the embryo of the Atlantic squid, Loligo pealei. II: Formation of the bridge. AB - Incomplete cytokinesis followed by the disappearance of the midbody and spindle remnant results in intercellular bridges between the cells of the blastoderm of the squid embryo. An electron microscope study of the morphology of the stages of development of the intercellular bridge is presented. Cytokinesis ceased as the furrow base reached a diameter slightly larger than the midbody. As furrowing stopped, a dense material accumulated to form a cylindrical sheath 50 nm thick, lining the inner surface of the furrow base. Proteolytic enzymes showed this material to have a significant protein component. As the midbody broke down, vesicles lined the inner surface of the bridge sheath. In this configuration, there was cytoplasmic continuity between the cells, and organelles appeared to pass through the bridge. The intercellular bridge could become temporarily closed. Vesicles entered the channel and fused with the vesicles lining the inner surface of the sheath. The vesicles enlarged until the channel became occluded with a series of transverse cisternae, the edges of which were embedded in the material of the sheath. When the bridge reopened, the transverse cisterna appeared to dissociate from the sheath, move out of the channel, and break down. Occasionally bridges were seen in which the bridge wall appeared distorted into lobes. It is suggested that such bridges might be in the process of breaking down, resulting in the final separation of the cells. PMID- 7349627 TI - Mescaline and reactivity to foot shock--a dose response study. PMID- 7349631 TI - What have epidemiologic studies told us about radiation health effects? PMID- 7349632 TI - Fifth international conference: Erythropoietin in the regulation of erythropoiesis 1980. PMID- 7349633 TI - Fetal liver cell conditioned media as a source of erythropoietic stimulating activities. AB - The mechanism of erythropoietin biosynthesis is thought to be controlled by the availability of oxygen to the erythropoietin producing cell(s). Fetal liver has been shown to be a source of erythropoietin and conditioned media obtained from fetal liver cell cultures possess an erythropoietic stimulating activity. Fetal liver cultures established under lowered oxygen tensions produce and release elevated levels of erythropoietic stimulating activity while hyperoxic culture conditions result in reduced erythropoietic stimulating activity. Significant erythropoietic activity was also demonstrated from fetal liver primary and first and second passage cultures, thus extending the length of erythropoietic stimulating activity production to about 8 weeks of culture. Fetal liver cell conditioned media was also subjected to wheat germ lectin affinity chromatography to separate the erythropoietic activity from an inhibitory substance to erythroid colony formation. The inhibitory-free erythropoietic activity was eluted with n acetyl-D-glucosamine. PMID- 7349634 TI - Biological properties of a human urinary protein fraction with burst promoting activity. AB - Urinary proteins from patients with iron deficiency anemia and acquired aplastic anemia were fractionated by chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G 25. Fractions containing erythroid burst promoting activity (code named regulatory protein RP) were separated from erythropoietin. Mouse bone marrow cells were preincubated for one day in suspension culture, in the presence or absence of RP, transferred to a methylcellulose based system and incubated for six more days with erythropoietin (EPO). It was found that the presence of RP in the preincubation medium had a 2 to 4 fold enhancing effect on subsequent erythroid burst colony formation. However, when RP was added to methylcellulose based cultures simultaneously with EPO, the erythroid burst response was reduced or abolished. Addition of RP to marrow cell suspension cultures increased the number of self replicating, pluripotent (erythroid/granuloid, E/G ratio = 3) spleen colony forming units (CFU-S) found at the end of 2 days incubation 3-5 fold over their number in control cultures incubated without the factor. In marked contrast to this, addition of EPO to the cultures caused an increased persistence of CFU-S with a predominantly erythroid commitment (E/G ratio = 19) and a low self replicating ability, as measured by retransplantation of spleen cells into secondary recipients. These observations are compatible with the presence in RP of a factor, or factors, capable of maintaining the size of certain early precursor cell compartments. PMID- 7349635 TI - Mechanisms of extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep) production. AB - Evidence is presented for production, by the subtotally hepatectomized (hepx) rat, of a factor which induces morphological and physiological hyperactivity of the Kupffer (K) cells and increased formation of Ep by the regenerating liver. This factor, originally termed hepatopoietin (Hp), and more recently the hepatic erythropoietic factor (HEF), is detectable in higher concentration in the hepatic venous blood than in blood draining other organs, thus supporting its hepatic origin. Production of the HEF is best related to hyperactivity of the K cells and not to the parenchymal (P) cells. The HEF can be demonstrated by administering serum from hepx donors to normal rats which respond with increased production of Ep when nephrectomized (nephrx) and rendered hypoxic. Removal of the kidneys from hepx donors further augments the Ep response to this serum in recipients. Subtotal hepx also evokes the production of a renal inhibitory factor (RIF) which reduces the ability of the liver to function as an extrarenal source of Ep. This inhibitor is found in renal venous blood and not in blood draining other organs. It is suggested that the RIF reduces the hepatic Ep response to hypoxia by diminishing the production and/or activity of the HEF. The RIF possesses no anti Ep activity and its appearance and actions are not influenced by accumulation of metabolic wastes (as in the nephrx or ureterally-ligated rat). Erythroblastic nests have been observed in regenerating livers at 24-48 hr after subtotal hepx. It would seem that removal of a considerable part of the liver, which stimulates hepatic regeneration, confers upon this organ an increased ability to produce Ep and to function as a hematopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) for erythropoiesis. PMID- 7349636 TI - Role of purified erythropoietin in the amplification of the erythroid compartment. AB - A single dose of Myleran induced a prolonged depletion of multi-potential haemopoietic cells and of early erythroid precursors to levels between 2 and 6 of control. In these mice, a priming dose of highly purified erythropoietin (Epo) or of any of 3 Epo preparations from different sources, and having different specific activities, increased the magnitude of the response to a test dose of Epo by erythropoietin responsive cells (ERC) in the hypertransfused mouse assay. As significant feeding into the ERC compartment from the most immature cells is unlikely because of the depletion induced by the Myleran, it may be concluded that highly purified Epo, not contaminated with other biologically active molecules, has a dual effect on the ERC: it causes increased amplification besides inducing differentiation into cells with the capacity to synthesize haemoglobin. PMID- 7349637 TI - Erythropoietic differentiation in humans: in vitro studies on erythroid progenitors and Hb synthesis in fetal, newborn and adult life. AB - Human erythroid progenitors from fetal liver, cord or adult blood and adult marrow were cultured in methylcellulose, according to standard techniques. Their clonogenetic features (colony morphology and number, time/growth curve, erythropoietin (Ep) and burst-enhancing factor (BEF) sensitivity, in vitro 3H thymidine suicide index, etc) were comparatively investigated. Three classes of fetal liver erythroid progenitors (primitive or intermediate BFU-E, CFU-E) have been thereby identified and characterized. Furthermore, globin chains (alpha, beta, G gamma, A gamma) synthesis has been evaluated in single erythroid colonies, either well-or poorly-hemoglobinized, by means of a novel technique including analytical iso-electric focusing (IEF), sometimes preceded by preparative IEF separation of HbF and HbA. On the basis of these results, a model for the regulation of Hb synthesis is proposed here. PMID- 7349638 TI - Nature of the erythropoietin-independent response of CFU-S to steroids. AB - Testosterone given in vivo or in vitro triggers the pluripotent stem cell of bone marrow (CFU-S) into S-phase of the cell cycle. This action of testosterone raises many questions with regard to the cellular mechanisms utilized by testosterone for its cell-cycle effect. The extent to which triggering is coupled to the androgenic activity of this steroid or to the presence of erythropoietin is also of importance. In vitro studies in a system free of serum or plasma, steroid structure activity studies, use of the Tfm mutant system and the application of a unique steroid (batrachotoxin) and one of its antagonists (tetrodotoxin) to the CFU-S system have served to answer some of these questions. Results suggest that the cell cycle action of many steroids is erythropoietin independent, does not utilize androgen binding receptors, and does not utilize cyclase systems. Studies with batrachotoxin suggest that steroids may trigger CFU-S into S-phase by an effect upon ion conductance mechanisms at the level of the cell membrane. PMID- 7349639 TI - Combined effect of friend polycythemia virus and erythropoietin on erythroid burst formation in vitro. AB - The infection of mouse bone marrow or spleen cells in vitro with the polycythemia strain of Friend virus (FVP) results in the formation of erythroid bursts after 4 6 days in plasma clot or methylcellulose cultures in the absence of added erythropoietin (Ep). We have now used this cell culture system to study the effect of added Ep on FVP-induced burst formation. The number of bursts that developed following infection of bone marrow cells with equilibrium density gradient purified FVP was increased by the addition of low concentrations of highly purified human urinary Ep (70,000 units/mg protein) to the infected cultures. The addition of as little as 0.001 unit per ml of Ep to infected cultures resulted in a 2-fold increase in burst formation. Increasing the concentration of Ep to 0.05 unit per ml caused a 4-fold increase in the number of bursts that developed. These concentrations of Ep were ineffective in inducing erythroid bursts when added to cultures of uninfected cells. The addition of Ep within 6 hr after FVP infection was necessary to observe increased burst formation. These experiments demonstrate that FVP-burst formation is enhanced by extremely low levels of Ep. Although a precise mechanism for the increase in FVP induced erythroid bursts with added Ep is not apparent from these experiments, a number of possibilities are discussed. PMID- 7349640 TI - Animal & computer investigations into the murine erythroid response to chronic hypoxia. AB - During chronic hypoxia, the number of splenic erythroid progenitor cells in mice, particularly CFU-E, increased dramatically but transiently. Since all three classes of erythroid progenitors in the femoral bone marrow were suppressed, a large part of this increase might be attributed to migration of CFU-E and/or their progenitors from the medullary cavity. The changes in CFU-E were preceded 48-72 hours earlier by an increase in serum erythropoietin (Ep) titers which, in turn, had been preceded by a rapid and marked "shift-to-the-right" in the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve. During hypoxia, the mice lost a considerable fraction of their body weight. Computer simulations, using a mathematical model of erythropoietic regulation, suggest that this weight loss, either indirectly by reducing the need for red cells in a smaller-than-control animal or by directly altering the sensitivity of the Ep-producing mechanism, is the major cause of the falling Ep titers despite continuation of the hypoxic stress. Because of high endogenous 59Fe incorporation levels, it was not possible to confirm the thesis that animals with an expanded Erythropoietin Responsive Cell (ERC) compartment would be more sensitive to exogenous erythropoietin than are mice with a normal or reduced ERC population. PMID- 7349641 TI - Liver to kidney switch of erythropoietin formation. AB - The liver to kidney switch of erythropoietin (Ep) formation was studied in sheep. The switch was initiated in utero during the last third of the gestation period, and was completed by about 40 days after birth. Administration of testosterone or estradiol benzoate to the fetus/newborn resulted in significant changes in the erythropoietic status of the animal, but failed to affect the initiation and/or completion of the switch. In contrast, a significant delay in the start of the switch occurred in thyroidectomized and chronically anemic fetus-newborns. Treatment of the thyroidectomized animals with thyroxin prevented the delay but accelerated the rate at which the switch was completed. These results demonstrate that 1) the transition from the liver to the kidney is initiated in utero by mechanisms which are independent of sex hormonal influences, 2) the acquisition of the Ep-producing capacity by kidneys is accompanied by a gradual decrease in liver Ep formation, and not by a sudden loss of hepatic Ep production, and 3) the onset and/or progression of the liver to kidney switch is profoundly influenced by the functional status of the thyroid gland and by changes in the oxygen supply demand ratio. PMID- 7349642 TI - Preparation of Ep containing protein concentrates suitable for shipment to the collection center at the Hematopoiesis Research Laboratory-Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles. PMID- 7349643 TI - The in vitro fetal mouse liver cell bioassays for erythropoietin: experimental protocols and "trouble-shooting". PMID- 7349644 TI - Extraction of erythropoietin from kidneys. AB - Erythropoietin (Ep) in large amounts was detected in extracts of renal tissue from hypoxic rats. These extractions were performed by homogenization of kidney tissue in phosphate buffered saline, centrifugation at 3,000 g and collection of the supernate. Male kidneys contained more Ep than did females and the major portion of Ep is located in the renal cortex. Comparison of intrarenal and plasma Ep levels at various times following initiation and cessation of hypoxia appears to be a useful method for studying the kinetics of erythropoietin production and release, and also for studying feedback mechanisms that influence these functions. PMID- 7349645 TI - International Society for Experimental Hematology. Tenth annual meeting. Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, 23-27 August 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7349646 TI - Anterior chamber lenses and severe segmental uveal ectropion. AB - Seven cases of severe segmented uveal ectropion are presented. This is a color change of the iris which appears to be caused by pigment eipthelium being pulled from the pupillary margin to the footplates under a Tennant or Mark VIII anterior chamber lens. It was found in 1-2% of cases followed by the author for at least two to three years after lens implant. All eyes have poorly reactive pupils but seemingly well-fitting IOLs and good visual acuity to date. An hypothesis for its pathophysiology is presented which promotes ischemic atrophy with subsequent fibrosis of the iris as the involved mechanisms. PMID- 7349647 TI - Use of a pulsed neodymium-Yag laser for anterior capsulotomy before extracapsular cataract extraction. PMID- 7349648 TI - Endothelial cell loss following phacoemulsification in the pupillary plane. AB - Endothelial cell loss following posterior chamber phacoemulsification with and without posterior chamber lens implantation was studied. Postoperative cell counts were taken four months after surgery. Three surgeons participated in this study. Posterior chamber phacoemulsification alone (30 patients) resulted in a mean cell loss of 9%, with a maximum cell loss of 22% in one patient. Posterior chamber phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation (30 patients) resulted in a mean cell loss of 8% with a maximum cell loss of 26% in one patient. Statistical analysis shows no difference in postoperative cell loss between these two groups. PMID- 7349649 TI - Comparison of the accuracy of the Binkhorst, Colenbrander, and SRK implant power prediction formulas. AB - The prediction accuracy of the Binkhorst, Colenbrander, and SRK formulas were compared in five series from different sources totalling 654 cases. The SRK formula was superior to both the other formulas by having a smaller average error per case, a smaller range of error from highest minus to highest plus, and a smaller proportion of cases with greater than 2 diopters (D) of error in all five series studied. In four of the five series, the SRK formula also had the greatest proportion of cases with less than 1 D of error. The Colenbrander formula was superior to the Binkhorst formula in all five series with regard to average error, proportion of cases with less than 1 D of error, and proportion of cases with more than 2 D of error. The range of error from highest minus to highest plus was equivalent with the two formulas. All available published literature on the accuracy of implant power prediction formulas was reviewed and appears to support our findings. PMID- 7349650 TI - Secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens implants. AB - Secondary posterior chamber lens implants were performed on sixty-nine patients. Although technically the insertions were slightly more difficult than in a primary case, the results were excellent. Only one eye had vision significantly lower than preoperative level, and this, only a drop from 20/25 to 20/40. Three eyes required a second procedure to suture the lens. One eye suffered detachment later with count fingers vision as the final result. PMID- 7349651 TI - Mechanical testing of intraocular lenses. PMID- 7349652 TI - The Terry surgical keratometer: a 12-month follow-up report. AB - Postoperative astigmatism was studied in two groups of patients. All patients had undergone phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The incision closure techniques in both groups were identical, with one exception: One group was closed using the Terry keratometer intraoperatively, the second group was closed without the use of this instrument. Two observations are made from the twelve-month data. First, astigmatic error in the Terry group remained constant from the postoperative keratometer readings at six weeks to the twelve-month keratometer readings. Second, while there was a considerable difference in astigmatism at six weeks between the Terry group and the control group (less astigmatism in the Terry group), the differences were no longer apparent at twelve months. Sutures were removed as necessary to improve astigmatism in the control group. No sutures were cut in the Terry group during this twelve-month period. PMID- 7349653 TI - Endothelial physiology and intraocular lens implantation. AB - The endothelium is the cellular monolayer which lines the posterior surface of the cornea. This layer is important in clinical ophthalmology because it is vital to maintenance of the transparency of the cornea and vision through its pump and barrier functions which limit the ingress of fluid into the cornea from the aqueous. When the function of the corneal endothelium becomes compromised, the corneal stroma swells as it hydrates. Subsequently, epithelial bullae form with painful recurring epithelial erosions, and finally corneal scarring and blindness result. The relatively vulnerable position of the corneal endothelium renders it susceptible to iatrogenic injury during intraocular procedures, especially IOL implantation: the poor regenerative (mitotic) capacity of the human corneal endothelium limits its ability to recover normal function once it is injured. PMID- 7349654 TI - Boberg-Ans posterior chamber lens. PMID- 7349655 TI - Ellingson's syndrome. PMID- 7349656 TI - Modified J-loop intraocular lens insertion after posterior chamber iris-plane phacoemulsification: a safe, easy method. PMID- 7349657 TI - Mechanical considerations of extracapsular surgery. PMID- 7349658 TI - A simple method of nucleus removal during extracapsular surgery. AB - A simple method of removing the nucleus during extracapsular cataract extraction uses an irrigating cannula with an inferior distal lip for retracting the iris and capsule. The nucleus is irrigated out of the eye by directing the irrigating stream toward the equator of the nucleus. Slight counterpressure at the 6-o'clock position is helpful but not always necessary. This technique is easy to perform and does not require expensive equipment. PMID- 7349659 TI - A ruby cystotome. PMID- 7349660 TI - Two new instruments. PMID- 7349661 TI - Double-barreled irrigation/aspiration unit. PMID- 7349662 TI - Corrosion currents of dental amalgams. PMID- 7349663 TI - Mechanical properties of the soft contact lens of poly(methyl methacrylate-N vinylpyrrolidone). AB - The mechanical properties of the hydrogel membrane of poly(methyl methacrylate-N vinylpyrrolidone) were studied for the purpose of making soft contact lenses for extended wear. The dependence of tensile fracture energy, flexibility, and recovery from deformation on the water content and thickness of the hydrogel membrane was studied. Reducing the thickness of a lens was found to exert a more advantageous effect than increasing its water content on maximizing the tensile fracture energy under the condition of an adequate supply of oxygen to the cornea through the contact lens. As long as its water content is controlled between 63 and 78%, the contact lens made of poly(methyl methacrylate-N-vinylpyrrolidone) has the flexibility on the same order as that of conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The rate of recovery from deformation increases with water content, and the residual elongation is negligible in the range of water content over about 70%. It is concluded that practical requirements for use of these contact lenses, determined by these three mechanical properties, can be satisfied at the same time if the water content of the contact lens is adjusted at about 70%. PMID- 7349664 TI - Materials design analysis of the prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament. AB - Repair or replacement of the damaged anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a significant clinical problem. A design utilizing ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was developed and marketed by an orthopaedic device manufacturer. Mechanical failure rates of greater than 10%/year postoperatively raised the issue of the adequacy of UHMWPE in that design. A study has been made to estimate the forces in the human anterior cruciate ligament for young, middle age, and older patients and to thus derive the minimum materials requirements for a now withdrawn prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament (PACL) design. It is concluded that UHMWPE does not possess adequate yield, creep, or fatigue properties to meet the design. Furthermore, consideration of the varying requirements on the PACL, due to differences in age and activity levels of patients, suggest that a band-type design offers a better possibility of achieving adequate materials performance in the ACL prosthetic replacement. PMID- 7349665 TI - The influence of electropolishing on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel. AB - A study was conducted which examined the influence of electropolishing on the corrosion resistance of a cold rolled 316L stainless steel. Test specimens were surface prepared to a final mechanical finish of wetted 600 grit SiC paper, prior to electropolishing. An o-H3PO4/Glycerol/H2O electropolishing solution was employed for times of 15, 20, and 25 min. Control specimens were surface prepared only to the final mechanical finish. Anodic polarization tests were performed in a deaerated Ringer's solution (37 degrees C) which was acidified to pH 1, with HCl. The electropolished specimens demonstrated increased corrosion resistance, when compared to the control specimens. This was evidenced for the former by more anodic corrosion and breakdown potentials, and the absence of a dissolution peak which was observed for the control specimens at the initial polarization potentials. Surface hardness measurements indicated that this increase in corrosion resistance was produced, in part, by the removal of the cold worked surface layer produced by the mechanical finish. In terms of increasing corrosion resistance, no optimum electropolishing time was found within the 15-25 min treatment period. PMID- 7349666 TI - Single crystal alumina for dental implants and bone screws. AB - When ground to a suitable form, flexural strength of single crystal alumina (Al2O3) decreases to as low as one third the strength of the intact crystal. This flexural strength decrease is, however, recovered by chemical etching at a high temperature to eliminate surface defects caused by grinding. By using this strength recovery treatment, various types of single crystal implants with fine structure were able to be designed. Four kinds of single crystal bone screws and single crystal dental implants of screw and anchor type were designed. Flexural strength and impact strength of the implants were measured. PMID- 7349667 TI - The anchoring of glass ceramics of different solubility in the femur of the rat. AB - A direct physicochemical bond between alkali-rich bioglass or glass ceramic (45 S 5 A and B, Hench) or alkali-poor glass ceramic (KG S, Bromer) and bone has been well documented. Since long-term studies have revealed the interface to be subjected to remodeling of the bone and to increased focal disintegration of the implant, glass ceramics of reduced solubility have been developed by lowering the Na2O content and adding Al2O3, Ta2O5, TiO2, and Sb2O3. Implants of glass ceramic KG S and different compositions with reduced solubility have been studied histologically 14, 29, or 30, 60, 119, and 245 days after implantation in the femur of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Implants of KG S are anchored at an interface with bone connection, which is known to provide for application of considerable shear and tensile strengths; whereas, at the interface of ceramics of reduced solubility, soft tissue, chondroid and osteoid are mainly observed. The dynamics of the events at the interface indicate a disturbance of the transformation of chondroid cells into osteoblasts and of the mineralization of osteoid. This disturbance of pathophysiologic processes during bone healing or bone regeneration is discussed. PMID- 7349668 TI - The characteristics of anticoagulation by covalently immobilized heparin. AB - The reactions of covalently immobilized heparin, abbreviated as I-Hep, with thrombin or Factor Xa were investigated both in the presence and absence of antithrombin III, AT III. Although I-Hep was able to bind to thrombin, the complex formation of thrombin and I-Hep did not affect the thrombin activity when measured by using a small artificial substrate, a peptide-MCA. Similarly, Factor Xa bound to I-Hep, but the activity of Factor Xa was not decreased in the absence of AT III, when a peptide-MCA was used for Factor Xa assay. Thrombin bound to I Hep in much larger amounts than Factor Xa. Thrombin and Factor Xa were instantaneously inhibited by AT III in the presence of soluble heparin. However, when I-Hep was used instead of soluble heparin, instantaneous inhibition was not observed. When a natural, high-molecular-weight substrate was used for assay, the results were dependent on the structure of the immobilization carrier. Heparin immobilized on Sepharose 4B or Poly HEMA showed considerable prolongation of plasma recalcification time. However, heparin immobilized on the surface of PVA fiber did not prolong plasma recalcification time. PMID- 7349669 TI - An in vivo model for evaluating the response of pulp to various biomaterials. AB - An in vivo model has been designed to study the acute response of exposed or unexposed dental pulp to the topical application of various biomaterials. This model permits sequential microscopic observations of the microvascular system of dental pulp before and after application of pulp capping agents, cementing agents, or cavity liners. The use of this experimental model provides useful information related to the tolerability of dental pulp to various biomaterials used in dentistry. Furthermore, this model serves as a useful supplement to more traditional long term methods for evaluating the biocompatability of dental materials. PMID- 7349670 TI - Factors affecting surgical alloy/bone cement interface adhesion. AB - Interfaces were formed between acrylic bone cement and three commonly used surgical alloys (316L SS, Co-Cr-Mo, and Ti-6A1-4V), in an attempt to further define cementation parameters of acrylic bone cement for use in orthopaedic surgery. Metal/cement interfaces were made at three distinct times during the setting cycle of the cement and were cured for 1 hr, 1 day, and 1 week. The metals were prepared with roughly polished or finely polished prepassivated surfaces. Tensile bond strengths and residual cement on metal coverage data indicated that, for each metal system, interfaces created prior to and at the onset of the dough stage formed superior interfaces for implantation compared to those formed late in the dough stage. Furthermore, electropolishing plus prepassivation offered a more efficient bonding surface than mechanical polishing. PMID- 7349671 TI - An investigation of the bacteriostatic properties of pure metals. AB - The effect of 16 pure metals on the in vitro growth of a form of dental caries producing Streptococcus mutans was studied under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cobalt and copper were consistently observed to be inhibitory. With less consistency nickel, titanium, iron, and vanadium also exhibited ability to inhibit growth of the organism. Bacteriostasis apparently is contingent upon the presence of a corrosion process. The bacteriostatic agent is of uncertain identity and could be a corrosion product or a process secondary to the occurrence of corrosion. Concentrations of metals after 6 days of electrochemical dissolution in the growth medium were measured via electron microprobe analysis and compared with the amount of inhibition which resulted. Threshold concentrations above which growth did not occur were identified. As measured by threshold concentrations, wide variability between metals exists in the ability to inhibit the growth, with cobalt being particularly effective at small concentrations. This implies a sensitivity on the part of the organism that is different for different metals. The threshold concentration varied between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Streptococcus mutans appeared more resistant to the effects of the metals under anaerobic conditions even though little difference in the amount of corrosion was detected. PMID- 7349672 TI - Characterization of graft polymers for biomedical applications. AB - Graft copolymer systems have frequently been suggested for biomedical applications. Since the properties of polymers are altered by the grafting process, thorough characterization is critical, particularly for the surface region of these copolymers. This review briefly discusses the grafting process and then describes characterization procedures for graft copolymers. Gravimetric characterization, thermodynamic measurements, surface chemistry analysis, and surface topographical analysis are considered in detail. Also, the relevance of materials characterization for predicting and understanding the biocompatibility response is discussed. Most of the analytical techniques described are applicable to all biomaterials and should be considered for the routine characterization of materials which will be interfaced with biological systems. PMID- 7349673 TI - Time-dependent failure of a polyolefin rubber candidate material for blood pump applications. AB - Failure behavior of a polyolefin elastomer which is a candidate material for blood pump applications has been studied under uniaxial and equibiaxial test conditions. Both static and dynamic (fatigue) testing were performed to study four aspects of material failure behavior as suggested by a cumulative damage failure model. Results from testing a standard formulation butyl rubber are presented for comparison. Our results show that the uniaxial failure behavior under static loads for the butyl rubber is superior to that of the polyolefin rubber at high loads but that the polyolefin is superior at low loads. Under fatigue loading conditions, the failure times for both rubbers decrease with increasing test frequency. The observed frequency dependence lies between that predicted by the cumulative damage model and that predicted by a cycle dependent fatigue model. The distribution of failure times for the polyolefin rubber is broader than that for the butyl rubber. For both uniaxial and equibiaxial testing, the distribution of failure times changes in going from the static testing to dynamic testing. This is true for both rubbers. PMID- 7349674 TI - [Sleep apnea syndrome in the adult]. PMID- 7349675 TI - [Asymmetry of the breast]. PMID- 7349676 TI - [Use of pleural biopsy in the etiological diagnosis of pleurisy]. PMID- 7349677 TI - [Crohn's disease in northern France]. PMID- 7349678 TI - [Natural and semisynthetic alkaloids of rye ergot]. PMID- 7349679 TI - [Hepatic distomiasis in the Course valley (Pas de Calais)]. PMID- 7349680 TI - [Acute iatrogenic toxic renal failure. Apropos of 95 cases]. PMID- 7349681 TI - [Extradural hematoma. Signs--diagnosis--treatment]. PMID- 7349682 TI - [Treatment of cerebral deficiency disorders]. PMID- 7349683 TI - [Possibilities of computer exploitation of numerical medical data]. PMID- 7349684 TI - [Treatment by endarterectomy for atheromatous aorto-iliac arteritis]. PMID- 7349685 TI - [The Leveen valve: attempt at an evaluation of risk based on 26 cases]. PMID- 7349686 TI - [Toxic infectious shock simulating severe pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7349687 TI - [Pulmonary angioma as a cause of a cerebral abscess. 1 case]. PMID- 7349688 TI - [Brucellar meningomyelitis]. PMID- 7349689 TI - [Complement fractions and their variations with the duration of insulin-dependent diabetes in children]. PMID- 7349690 TI - [Indications for sulfones in dermatology (excluding leprosy). Experience of the dermatological clinic in Strasbourg]. PMID- 7349691 TI - [Our experience with dapsone in dermatology]. PMID- 7349692 TI - [Axillo-femoral bypass. Indications and results]. PMID- 7349693 TI - [Clinical evaluation of treatment with Vincimax in 60 cases of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7349694 TI - [Role of viral protein kinase in the process of carcinogenesis]. PMID- 7349695 TI - Twinning and the changing pattern of breast-feeding: a possible relationship in a small rural population. PMID- 7349696 TI - Causes of low utilization of amniocentesis by women of advanced maternal age. PMID- 7349697 TI - Mortality decline in Latin America: changes in the structure of causes of deaths, 1950-1975. PMID- 7349698 TI - Age at first birth and family size: evidence from a longitudinal study. PMID- 7349699 TI - Comparison of members of pro- and anti-abortion organizations in Missouri. PMID- 7349700 TI - Vasectomy in Guatemala: a follow-up study of five hundred acceptors. PMID- 7349701 TI - Contraceptive sterilization: a comparison of Mexican-Americans and Anglos living in U.S. counties bordering Mexico. PMID- 7349702 TI - Mating structure in the Dogon population in the Tabi massif. PMID- 7349703 TI - Correcting contraceptive failure rates for sample composition and sample section bias. PMID- 7349704 TI - Relationships between pregnancy spacing, sex of infants, maternal age, and birth order, and neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. PMID- 7349705 TI - Adjusting data on children-ever-born for nonresponse. PMID- 7349706 TI - Cultural inheritance of the desire for male offspring and the incidence of a sex linked lethal disease. PMID- 7349707 TI - Adamchak's ideal family size and family background: a research note. PMID- 7349708 TI - Distributions of coital rates and of fecundability. PMID- 7349709 TI - [Articulation area of the human ankle joint]. PMID- 7349710 TI - [Extracardial malformations in congenital heart disease]. PMID- 7349711 TI - [Therapeutic riding in the psychiatric treatment program of children]. PMID- 7349712 TI - [Nutritional problems in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 7349713 TI - [Age at menarche and month of birth in Japan]. PMID- 7349714 TI - Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of the International Association of Asthmology (Interasma). Paris, France. September 28th-October 2nd, 1981. PMID- 7349715 TI - [Psychological aspects of asthma in children. Phenomenological approach]. PMID- 7349716 TI - [Psychological characteristics of the asthmatic child]. AB - The author's statements are based on monographic studies. They rely on his double experience as a pediatrician and a child psychiatrist. 1. The asthmatic child personality is extremely various. It cannot be included in traditional psychiatric perspectives or psychological scheme. 2. The classical features of behaviour such as dependence and negation of aggressivity can appear frequently but are not specific. 3. In more than one third of cases, a particular system of interaction may occur, called "allergic relation", characterized by a) A lack of personal attachment (objectal relationship poorly differentiated), b) A need of fusional grasping to people and environment, c) A blocking-up the separation individuation system. 4. In most cases a) A high emotional receptivity to traumatisms, b) Psychosomatic vulnerable structure of various types, b) Mental mechanisms leading to psychosomatic disorganization, especially a kind of depression quite obvious in severe forms. 5. So inferences may be drawn a) About the genesis of the asthmatic disease in which the immunologic personality cannot be parted from the whole, b) About the psychosomatic approach of asthma and its prevention. 6. These considerations are basically founded on the recent book of L Kreisler "L'enfant du desordre psychosomatique" (The child with psychosomatic disorders) Ed. Privat-Toulouse (France) 1981. PMID- 7349717 TI - [Behavior and family relations of the child with asthma]. PMID- 7349718 TI - [Comparison of the profiles of asthma in urban and rural environments]. PMID- 7349719 TI - Identification of rural allergens. PMID- 7349720 TI - [Respiratory viruses and asthma]. PMID- 7349721 TI - Aspects of asthma in rural environments. PMID- 7349722 TI - [Occupational and medico-legal aspects of rural asthma]. PMID- 7349723 TI - Allergy to seasonal mould spores. PMID- 7349724 TI - Effects of prolonged corticosteroid therapy on human immune functions. PMID- 7349725 TI - [Basis of specific desensitization]. PMID- 7349726 TI - Hyposensitization (immunotherapy) in allergic diseases: an introduction. PMID- 7349727 TI - Immunotherapy--methods of treatment and results in children. PMID- 7349728 TI - [Contribution of bronchiolo-alveolar lavage to our knowledge on asthma]. PMID- 7349729 TI - [Modifiers of bronchial secretions in the asthmatic patient]. PMID- 7349730 TI - Action of theophylline on humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms. PMID- 7349731 TI - [Long-term treatment with theophylline]. PMID- 7349732 TI - [Indications and technics in antibiotic therapy in asthma]. PMID- 7349733 TI - Respiratory syndrome of parasitosis. PMID- 7349734 TI - IgE and phagocytic cells. PMID- 7349735 TI - New developments in specific IgE antibody measurement--phadezym RAST. correlation between EIA and RIA (phadebas RAST). PMID- 7349736 TI - [Dyspneic bronchitis in young children]. PMID- 7349737 TI - Importance of food allergy in childhood asthma. PMID- 7349738 TI - The natural history of severe asthma in childhood. PMID- 7349739 TI - [Severe asthma in children]. PMID- 7349740 TI - [Bronchial provocation tests in infants]. PMID- 7349741 TI - Physical rehabilitation of the asthmatic child. PMID- 7349742 TI - [Effect of maternal intravenous administration of atropine on fetal breathing movements]. PMID- 7349743 TI - [Determination of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the amniotic fluid: clinical significance]. PMID- 7349744 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in benign and malignant lesions of the breast]. PMID- 7349745 TI - [Hyperuremia in pregnancy complicated by hypertensive gestosis]. PMID- 7349746 TI - [Sinusoidal tracings: current physiopathologic views]. PMID- 7349747 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in infertility. Discussion of a clinical case]. PMID- 7349748 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of obstructive defects in the digestive tract by means of real time echography]. PMID- 7349749 TI - [Identification of antibodies and selection of blood for transfusion]. AB - The authors present us the identification of different antibody specificities which been discovered in a woman-patient suffered from SLE. Applying the method of absorption and elution of antibodies, anti-c, anti-E, anti-Fya, anti-K and anti-S have been identified. The authors applied the method where the high percentage dextran was used in order to get blood for transfusion. PMID- 7349750 TI - [The May-Hegglin anomaly]. AB - The paper presents a patient J.S., aged 2 1/2 years, with thrombocytopenia, presence of giant thrombocytes and basophile inclusions in the granulocytes. The same lesions were found in the child's father, followed by increased tendency to bleeding also confirmed in other four family members. Familiar character of the disease and morphologic anomaly of thrombocytes and leucocytes were the basis in passing the diagnosis of May-Hegglin anomaly. The specific features of the case are the child's age and the appearance of hemorrhagic syndrome in infancy. PMID- 7349751 TI - [Complement level in serum from patients with chronic hepatitis]. AB - In persons with chronic active hepatitis (35) and chronic persistent hepatitis (23) the CH 50 values, Clq, Cls, C4, C3, C5, and C9 as well as Cl Inh and C3A levels have been determined. The concentration changes of complement (C) were not conditioned by the existence in serum HBs. The degree of changes in values of C in all patients is in determinate relation with the levels of bilirubin, transaminases and immunoglobulins (G, M, A). The degree of determinate changes of C depends on the severity of clinical picture. The degree of Cl Inh elevation is in correlation with intensity of complement activation. The noticed dissociated values of subcomplements Clq and Cls suggest the presence of immune complexes which could influence the HBsAg detection. PMID- 7349752 TI - [Execution of the national plan for the collection of blood reserves in Serbia during 1981]. PMID- 7349753 TI - [Clinical significance of the measurement of erythropoietin]. AB - In this paper the present status of clinical usefulness of erythropoietin measurement is presented. The limitations and difficulties due to lack of the precision using current in vivo bioassay in polycythemic mouse are stated and the informations that can be obtained by determination of serum erythropoietin level in anemias and polycythemias are demonstrated. PMID- 7349754 TI - [Microaggregation as a specific complication of massive blood transfusion]. PMID- 7349755 TI - [Humoral regulation of granulopoiesis in experimental inflammation]. AB - The model of experimentally induced inflammation demand for granulocytes was used to study the changes in granulocytic cell compartments and the level of humoral regulators of granulopoiesis. The experimental inflammation in rats induced by i.p. injection of 3.5% solution of polivinylpyrrolidone (PVP) provoked during 24 hours intensive mobilisation of granulocytes into peritoneal exudate and the intensive proliferation of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow between 18-24 hours. When the bone marrow of CBA mice was cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted into rats with experimentally induced inflammation, stimulation of granulopoiesis was noted during the period of five days. The results indirectly indicate that the level of granulopoiesis stimulating factor was increased in the diffusion chambers host animals. It was demonstrated also that rat's serum obtained 20 hours after injection of PVP (leukophoretic serum) stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes in the bone marrow of normal CBA mice cultivated in diffusion chambers. The level of stimulation was confirmed to be dose dependent. Presented data indicate that in the conditions of increased demand for granulocytes, the level of humoral regulator--stimulator of proliferation of granulocytic cells--is increased in the circulation. PMID- 7349756 TI - [The effect of thrombin on glycolysis in human thrombocytes]. AB - The experiments were carried out in order to study the mechanism of thrombin- induced stimulation of glycolysis in washed human platelets. The platelets, isolated from human blood and resuspended in Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), were incubated in water bath (37 degrees C) either without (control) or with thrombin (1 NIH U/ml platelet suspension). Lactate, glycolytic intermediates and adenine nucleotides were measured in the neutralized perchloric acid extracts of platelets by enzymatic analysis and using the fluorimetric methods. The results of this study show that thrombin significantly increases the rate of lactate production in washed human platelets. At the same time thrombin induces the profound changes in the levels of platelet glycolytic intermediates with the "crossover" point at phosphofructokinase step of glycolysis. The results are interpreted as indicating that thrombin stimulates platelet glycolysis through allosteric phosphofructokinase activation due to the changes in adenine nucleotides energy charge. PMID- 7349757 TI - [Alpha thalassemia in Macedonia]. AB - The frequency of alpha thalassemia in SR Macedonia was determined with studies of Hb Bart's in 1.140 newborn babies. Hb Bart's was found in 83 infants. Distribution of the levels of Hb Bart's in these neonates, as determined by column chromatography on CM Sephadex, was trimodal. The mean values for Hb Bart's in the three groups were 0.5% (SD = 0.22), 1.61% (SD = 0.48), and 4.88% (SD = 0.81). The first group is believed to result from asynchronism of the neonatal "switch off" of gamma chains and activation of beta chain production. The second and the third group represent alpha thal2 and alpha thal1, respectively. Thus, the incidence of beta thal2 in SR Macedonia is 2.4%, and that of alpha thal1 0.8%. Hb H disease was found in three out of 16.000 school children. This form of alpha thalassemia was also found in five out of 2.800 patients examined for the course of anemia. Biosynthetic studies of family members of the eight individuals with Hb H disease showed that one parent is heterozygous alpha thal1 while the other is heterozygous alpha thal2. All individuals with alpha thalassemia had a reduced rate of synthesis of the alpha chains. The mean alpha/beta total activity ratio in individuals with Hb H disease was 0.51 (+/- 0.08), in heterozygous alpha thal1 0.74 (+/- 0.06), and in heterozygous alpha thal2 0.86 (+/- 0.06). Experiments with in vitro translation of globin mRNK isolated from patients with Hb H disease showed lower alpha/beta ratios (0.06) than the intact cell ratios. These results support previously published data that in Hb H disease and alpha thalassemia trait, there is quantitative deficit in alpha globin mRNK, which is a consequence of deleted alpha globin genes. PMID- 7349758 TI - [Anti-RaRBC antibodies in human serum. II. Presence of incomplete anti-RaRBC antibodies in the serum of healthy persons]. AB - Non-agglutinating character of some anti-rabbit erythrocytes (RaRBC) antibodies was demonstrated. Non-agglutinating ("incomplete") antibodies were identified mainly as IgG but in some sera were detected also in IgA and IgD class using indirect Coombs test with monospecific antisera. Neutralization and separation of "complete" (IgM) antibodies were performed using 2-mercaptoethanol treatment and/or preparative immunochemical techniques. Some kind of restriction to kappa light chains and to IgG2 subclass has also been observed but monoclonal character of "incomplete" antibody was excluded. Specificity of reaction of IgG anti-RaRBC antibodies with RaRBC membrane antigens was documented using multiple adsorption identification experiments. Non-specific (Fc-mediated) reaction was excluded in contrast to previously published results on the presence of Fc receptor on RaRBC. PMID- 7349759 TI - [Experience in the preparation of leukocytes and thrombocytes for transfusion]. AB - The authors convey their experience gained during the work with Haemonetics M-30 Separator. They had performed 80 separations in total. They had separated leukocytes and thrombocytes simultaneously for 67 times. Most of the donors (51) had been stimulated by corticosteroids in order to obtain the increase of yield. The average concentrate quantity was 355 +/- 91 ml. The leukocytes yield in the concentrate was means = 27,3 +/- 7,8 x 10(9)/1, with 19,2 +/- 5,6 x 10(9)/1 (70%) of polymorphonuclears. The thrombocytes yield was means = 7,80 +/- +/- 1,83 x 10(11)/1. Only thrombocytes were separated 13 times. The average concentrate quantity was 273 +/- 77 ml. The thrombocytes yield in the concentrate was 8,94 +/ 1,26 x 10(11)/1. During the study, the symptoms and signs of hypotony appeared in one the donors. PMID- 7349760 TI - [Congenital factor X deficiency, the Prower-Stuart deficiency]. AB - The congenital deficit of factor-X is extremely rare and usually goes with mild bleeding tendency. The variations of the factor-X activities are described individually and depend on the tests used, that is: activating factor-X by tissue or blood thromboplastin, Russel's Viper Venom, by neutralisation of the antibodies or immunoprecipitation. The test depends on the possibility of the specific congenital deficient plasma or on the use of the filtered bovine plasma. That's why it is rather difficult to classify the cases and order the minimum of the hemostatic level. Besides a short description of some physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of factor-X, present the case with congenital deficit of Prower-Stuart factor discovered in our laboratory, together with the findings and procedures in identifying and confirming it. PMID- 7349761 TI - [Effect of long-term plasmapheresis on blood composition. I. Changes in the concentration of total proteins, electrophoretic fractions and immunoglobulins]. AB - Effects of long term plasmapheresis on blood constituents was examined in the plasma donors from whom 220-660 ml of plasma was withdrawn weakly. The donors were submitted 3-300 times to double plasmapheresis procedures. Small decreases in concentrations of total proteins, albumins, gamma-globulins, immunoglobulins IgA and IgM were observed as well as the increases in the concentrations of alpha 1-globulins (p less than 0,05), alpha-2-globulins (p less than 0,05), beta globulins (p less than 0,05) and immunoglobulins IgG (p less than 0,05). The statistically significant changes were observed earlier in the course of plasmapheresis in donors submitted to more intensive regime. PMID- 7349763 TI - The surprises of general practice. PMID- 7349762 TI - [Effect of long-term plasmapheresis on blood composition. II. Changes in the concentration of coagulation factors, inhibitors, thrombocytes and its effect on routine tests of coagulation]. AB - The influence of serial, double plasmapheresis on blood coagulation was evaluated in two groups of plasma donors submitted from three up to 306 plasmapheretic sessions. An average of 375 or 660 ml of plasma respectively were weekly harvested from the donors. No statistically significant changes were observed in platelet count, activity of factor V and factor VIII, fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III and prothrombin time, irrespectively of the frequency and the number of plasmapheresis. The concentration of alpha-1 antitrypsin was already increased after 7 plasmapheresis in both groups of donors. KCCT was progressively shortened with the increasing volume of harvested plasma (p 0.05) and thrombin time was prolonged (p 0.05). PMID- 7349764 TI - Skull x-ray and CT scan in the management of head injuries. Based on work done while a final year student. PMID- 7349765 TI - The postmortem is not dead. Presidential address to Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Society 8th October 1980. PMID- 7349766 TI - Epidemiologic identification of occupational carcinogens. AB - Epidemiology has a role to play in the identification of occupational carcinogens through hypothesis testing and surveillance for new carcinogenic hazards. Hypothesis testing is undertaken mainly by retrospective (non-concurrent) cohort studies and case-control studies. The former are limited particularly by difficulties in follow-up and inadequacy of data on exposure to the agent of interest and possible confounding or interacting factors. The latter are limited mainly by the problem of bias in the retrospective determination of exposure. Several studies giving similar results are therefore usually required before an association can be considered with any confidence as established. Surveillance for new hazards may be maintained by the regular analysis of routinely collected cancer incidence or mortality data. For early detection of hazards this should be supplemented by special studies, either on-going case control studies of cancers which are commonly due to occupation (e.g. lung, bladder, liver and nasal cancers) or linkage of personnel records from high risk industries to cancer registry or death records. PMID- 7349767 TI - Dietary promotion of carcinogenesis. AB - Environmental influences are thought to be largely responsible for the marked geographical differences in cancer mortality observed in epidemiological studies. Diet has been implicated as a significant environmental variable because certain dietary constituents, such as fat, show a positive correlation with mortality from cancer at specific sites such as breast and colon. Similar correlations have been observed in experiments with animal models. The studies with animals have also provided evidence that the dietary effects are exerted mainly at the promotional stage of carcinogenesis. Since breast and colon cancers account for a large proportion of cancer deaths in many countries, tumor-promoting effects of diet may be an important factor in overall cancer mortality. PMID- 7349768 TI - Relationship of vitamin A intake and E rosette inhibition to oral dysplasia and neoplasia. AB - The present study investigated the 25% E rosette inhibition titer and vitamin A intake levels of patients with dysplastic or neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity as compared to control subjects with or without a variety of other oral diseases. All subjects were followed with repeat examinations beginning at the time of entry in the study and approximately every 6 months thereafter. E rosette inhibition titers generally increased as the lesions became more dysplastic. In the control group titers remained at a low level throughout the study. Vitamin A intake levels were mostly below one-half or above twice the recommended daily allowance in patients with dysplasias and in a few controls with nondysplastic oral disease. Some patients with dysplasias were in the normal range. The results of vitamin A measurements were compatible with a variety of studies suggesting a role for vitamin A in the genesis of epithelial dysplasias. The pattern of observed E rosette inhibition titers was in keeping with previous work in our laboratory as well with that of others who described a correlation between the height of titers and the degree of dysplasia. PMID- 7349769 TI - Harmful effects of carrageenan fed to animals. AB - An increased number of reports have appeared in the literature describing the harmful effects of degraded and undegraded carrageenan supplied to several animal species in their diet or drinking fluid. The harmful effects include foetal toxicity, teratogenicity, birth defects, pulmonary lesions, hepatomegaly, prolonged storage in Kupffer cells, ulcerative disease of the large bowel with hyperplastic, metaplastic, and polypoidal mucosal changes, enhancement of neoplasia by carcinogens, and, more ominously, colorectal carcinoma. Degraded carrageenan as a drug or food additive has been restricted in the United States by the FDA, but undegraded carrageenan is still widely used throughout the world as a food additive. Its harmful effects in animals are almost certainly associated with its degradation during passage through the gastrointestinal tract. There is a need for extreme caution in the use of carrageenan or carrageenan-like products as food additives in our diet, and particularly in slimming recipes. PMID- 7349770 TI - Dietary modulation in cancer prevention with reference to social and cultural food habits. AB - Well-documented results of worldwide research on hazardous life-style factors pertaining to harmful food habits can be gainfully employed. They suggest that during pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and adolescence drastic control of oral intake of unessential hazardous food items be advocated for cancer control effective through adulthood. The sensitivity to carcinogenic initiators is shown to be great during growth periods in and out of the womb. During this dynamic developmental stage, criteria for safe levels of intake on an aggregate body weight basis remain indefinite. Unessential pleasure foods containing alcohol, tobacco, betel and related chews, fungal contaminants, nitrosatable ingredients, products of pyrolysis, and certain feed and food additives are cautioned against especially over the restricted growth period and discussed in terms of risk:benefit. PMID- 7349771 TI - Assessing the risks of cancer. AB - Recent claims that there is a growing epidemic of cancer caused by chemical and physical agents in the environment are shown to be weakly based. After smoking and diagnostic changes have been taken into account, trends in cancer mortality rates are not suggestive of any marked increases due to occupational factors. Estimates indicating that past occupational exposure to asbestos will cause large increases in cancer rates are shown to be markedly in error. Evidence that nutritional factors are likely to be much more important than occupational factors is summarized. PMID- 7349772 TI - Control of tumor growth by pyridoxine restriction or treatment with an antivitamin agent. AB - The growth of 9A and 7316A Morris hepatomas was studied in pyridoxine (PN) depleted and in pair-fed control Buffalo rats. Rat groups were fed the respective diets for 3 weeks, inoculated with 9A and 7316A tumor cells in both hind leg muscles, and killed after 21 and 41 days respectively. Another group was fed ad lib the PN-sufficient diet and similarly inoculated with 7777 hepatoma cells. In this instance tumors were let grow maximally to the extent that rats were practically unable to move and feed themselves. At this time ten animals were treated with L-penicillamine every other day for 9 days, leaving five (untreated) rats as controls. Rats pair-fed the PN-sufficient diet developed significantly heavier 9A and 7316A hepatomas with P less than or equal to 0.005 and P less than 0.001 significance levels, respectively. Treatment with the antivitamin agent extended significantly animal life span. Six rats lived for 8 days, three for 12, and one for 18 days. Four of the untreated rats died within 3 days, the fifth on the 8th day. These results demonstrate that PN restriction causes significant reduction in tumor weight and its in situ inactivation in vivo significantly extends the life of the tumor bearing animals. PMID- 7349773 TI - Psychosocial factors and breast cancer: a critical reevaluation of established hypotheses. AB - The Bahnson psychosocial risk profile was reexamined for breast cancer screening. The questionnaire was presented to 3,306 women who came to the consultation hour in a hospital for prevention and early detection. It was administered prior to knowledge of the diagnosis. Newly detected breast cancer cases were compared to matched groups of healthy and benign controls on several psychosocial scales. Discrimination between these groups was rather poor, showing the questionnaire's inadequacy to measure factors relevant in discriminating between this study's newly detected cancer cases and controls. Possible explanations for the "poor" results are discussed. PMID- 7349774 TI - A comparative study of psychosexual adjustment in men with testicular cancer and acute leukemia. AB - Twenty-five men with testicular germ cell tumors were compared by developmental history and past and present psychologic adjustment to 25 men with acute leukemia. The mean age was 30 years for the cancer group and 25 years for the leukemia group. Current and Past Psychopathology Scales (18 scales of prior and 8 of present adjustment) were rated during a semistructured interview. The following differences were found in developmental history: Onset of puberty was 12.4 years for leukemics and 15.1 years for the cancer group (P less than 0.001); cryptorchidism was found in 20% of cancer patients and 4% of leukemia; incidence of opiate drug abuse was 36% in cancer patients and 24% in leukemia patients; psychiatric disturbance prior to illness characterized 32% of the cancer group and 12% of the leukemia group. Major psychiatric illness was diagnosed in 20% of the testicular cancer group and 4% of the leukemia group. Findings of delayed puberty and psychiatric disturbance in men with germ cell testicular tumors as compared to leukemics suggest a possible impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. The etiology of this impairment is discussed (genetic factors, prenatal endocrine milieu, abnormal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors, and abnormal interaction between dopaminergic system, LH, and endorphins). PMID- 7349775 TI - Psychological aspects of asbestos-related mesothelioma and knowledge of high risk for cancer. AB - Ten patients with a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma were assessed for history of asbestos exposure, acquisition of and reactions to risk information, smoking behavior, and feelings about their disease and the asbestos industry. Mean age was 59 years; median span of time from diagnosis to interview was 10 months. Only two of seven patients with direct occupational asbestos exposure acquired risk information from a professional source. Lack of concern and denial are the reactions reported most frequently to risk information. Behavioral findings support the reported attitudinal reactions. None of the eight smokers in the sample stopped smoking after receiving increased risk information. Not a single patient increased his visits to a physician. Patients commonly expressed feelings of of being unlucky in reactions to the disease. Seven of the ten patients denied any feelings of anger toward the asbestos industry. These preliminary findings suggest the need for better information and education of high risk individuals. PMID- 7349776 TI - A new family of tumor markers. PMID- 7349777 TI - Human kappa-casein as a tumor marker: purification and properties. AB - To test the efficacy of kappa-casein as a marker of human malignancy, a protein human milk, ostensibly kappa-casein, has been purified and serum levels determined, by RIA, in normal subjects, breast cancer patients, and lactating women. The results do not support claims by other workers for this protein. Concurrent physicochemical characterization of the protein has shown that it is probably lactoferrin and this result casts some doubt on the earlier studies as it is a major, non-beta component of the casein fraction. It also indicates that caution should be exercised when homology between proteins is used as a guide to identity. PMID- 7349778 TI - Sequential estimation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (API) in breast cancer patients. AB - Different serum API from 83 breast cancer patients were separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their quantities were calculated in regard to enzyme kinetically measured total AP activity by means of densitometry. The mean total activity in patients with bone or bone and liver metastases was twice as high as in 54 patients without any evident metastases. This increase of total activity was caused by an increase of bone and liver isoenzyme activity. Sequential determination of isoenzyme activities showed a good correlation between the clinically apparent course of the disease and changes of enzyme activity. PMID- 7349779 TI - Secretory IgA estimation in the sera of patients with gynecological cancer. AB - Secretory component of IgA (SIgA) was isolated by DEAE Sephacel anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G200, radioiodinated, and a radioimmunoassay procedure developed. The standard inhibition curve was linear to 10 ng/ml. The levels of SIgA in the serum of normal persons was 1.9 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml (mean +/- SE), whereas in lactating women the level was 5.5 +/- 0.5. In cancer of the ovary, endometrium, and cervix, the levels of SIgA were 3.1 +/- 0.3, 2.2 +/- 0.5, and 2.8 +/- 0.4 microgram/ml respectively. A significantly increased level of SIgA was found in 13/24 (54%) of patients with cancer of the ovary and in 5/15 (33%) of patients with cancer of the cervix. Further studies are in progress to establish levels of SIgA following surgery and chemotherapy. PMID- 7349780 TI - Tumor markers of the central nervous system. AB - For serological diagnosis of human tumors, two presuppositions have to be fulfilled: a) The distinct cancer has to express specific antigens, as tumor markers, and b) the patient has to produce antibodies against these markers in order to allow their detection. Gliomas are among those human malignancies known to elicit an immune response. By a variety of methods in which viable tumor cells have been used, immunity directly partly against tumor-associated antigens and partly against glia cell-specific antigens could be demonstrated in glioma patients. An isolated tumor antigen would provide a more convenient tool in this respect. We have therefore approached this problem by identifying and isolating tumor-associated components from glioma tissue. Immunological identical antigens could be detected in all human gliomas tested so far by a rabbit antiserum. Electrophoretic analysis revealed at least two tumor-associated polypeptides with an estimated molecular weight of 55,000 and 10,000 dalton. Using these soluble tumor-associated components as antigen source, cross-reacting antibodies could be detected in 79% of the glioma patients' sera. PMID- 7349781 TI - Chemical transformation of cultured skin fibroblasts from humans genetically predisposed to cancer. AB - Adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) is an inherited form of cancer. Assuming that phenotypic expressions that appear in cell strains reflect its biological abnormalities, the study of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from individuals with an inherited form of cancer such as ACR provides a unique study for analysis of the oncogenic process. Growth disorders and increased susceptibility to tumor promoters and to transformation by an oncogenic RNA tumor virus have been demonstrated in these skin fibroblasts. We found that human skin fibroblasts (PF) derived from ACR individuals were sensitive to a chemical carcinogen. Cells treated only with various levels of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) underwent morphological alteration. The morphologically altered cells formed large cell aggregates when suspended in liquid growth medium above an agar base and grew to high saturation densities but did not form colonies in soft agar. Transformed cells were resistant to rechallenge of MNNG (1 microgram/ml) and showed prolonged life span compared to those untreated cells. However, no tumors were produced when cells were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice. Data suggest that neoplastic transformation of these skin cells by chemical carcinogens is a multi-phase process. PMID- 7349782 TI - Human skin fibroblasts from patients with mammary tumours: differences in growth properties. AB - The growth properties of thoracic skin fibroblasts derived from patients with breast cancers were compared to those of fibroblastic cultures derived from patients with benign lesions or operated for nonneoplastic reasons. The parameters we measured included comparison between growth fraction and cell density, growth in overcrowded culture conditions, growth in low serum concentration, anchorage dependence, and lifespan. We found that the lifespan decreases significantly as a function of donor's age for cells of patients with benign lesions, but not for cancer patients. Furthermore, fibroblastic cultures from patients with mammary carcinomas responded in an abnormal way to all the biological parameters for which they were tested. Skin fibroblasts from patients with benign lesions or from "normal donors," with one exception, showed some but not all these abnormal properties. The patient with a benign lesion, whose cells behaved as those from cancer patients, developed a breast cancer within 3 yr. PMID- 7349783 TI - Problems of occupational carcinogenesis in developing countries. AB - An overview of published information on occupational cancer and recorded ongoing occupational cancer research in developing countries is presented. The main cancers reported, of possible occupational origin, are skin carcinoma, leukemia due to exposure to benzene, asbestos-caused mesothelioma, vinyl chloride-induced hepatic angiosarcoma, carcinoma of bilharzial urinary bladder, stomach cancer reportedly associated with nitrogen fertilizers, lung cancer of nickel smelters, and nasopharyngeal and pulmonary carcinoma in workers exposed to the dust of hard wood. The difficulties of developing efficient occupational cancer prevention are discussed. Some options are analyzed regarding legislative, technological, environmental, medical, administrative, and educational cancer control applicable under conditions of developing countries. PMID- 7349784 TI - NMR proton longitudinal relaxation times in tissues of the tumour-bearing C3H mouse studied as a function of frequency. AB - Because of progress in NMR imaging techniques that open the feasibility of detecting cancer by recording water protein relaxation times, it is essential to elucidate the origin of the changes of this parameter by careful studies on animals. Water proton longitudinal relaxation times were measured in vitro between 7 and 90 MHz for several tissue samples of C3H male and female mice, controls and tumor-bearing. We showed that tumor and other tissues of cancerous animals gave higher T1 values than the same tissues of controls, but that this "systemic" effect of cancer was superimposed to larger genetical T1 changes. We draw conclusions for an optimum frequency around 10 MHz, giving maximum of contrast between tumor and other tissues. According to a two-site model of water in tissues, we found the "bound" water compartment to be smaller in tumor, or, preferably, that the magnitude of the water-protein interaction was smaller there. PMID- 7349785 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of cancer: systemic effect on the proton relaxation times (T1 and T2) of human serum. AB - Increased spin-lattice T1 and spin-spin T2 proton relaxation times of malignant tissues are by now well documented phenomena. A "systemic effect" of cancer, evidenced by NMR, has been demonstrated in different experimental models. The present study was undertaken to examine systemic effect in man by measuring serum relaxation times and related biochemical variables in 224 healthy control individuals and 311 patients with solid tumors at different stages of growth. The increase in T1 values is statistically significant in the advanced cancer group but not in the nonevolutive disease group, compared to healthy control group. Variations of T2 values are not significant in this study. There is no correlation of T1 increase with serum ions, total proteins or protein fractions. PMID- 7349786 TI - A course in cancer prevention for practicing physicians. AB - Comprehensive medical education in cancer prevention must advance knowledge and skills, notably in the psychosocial sciences, which have direct application in clinical practice. This course for physicians-in-training is based on the precept that alterable factors in cancer causation are consequences of physician and/or patient behaviors; the educational goal is therefore to effect behavior change in both groups. Sessions address critical concepts in cancer causation in relation to multifactorial and multistep etiologies, rates and risks, induction periods, and basic principles of biological and behavioral cancer prevention. In sections on smoking, diet, drugs, occupation, radiation, and genetics, concepts of the mechanisms that control disease are described, techniques for operationalizing these concepts are identified, and clinical skills needed for application are taught interactively. Concluding presentations promote integration of preventive skills, strategies and services into an acute care practice. The potential impact of this educational program is discussed. PMID- 7349787 TI - Community hospital cancer programs: a guide to implementation using the criteria of the American College of Surgeons. PMID- 7349788 TI - Use of active patient follow-up in cancer registries for designing epidemiologic studies. AB - The two primary functions of a population-based cancer registry are to collect incidence data and survival data, often obtained by active contact methods. Because of the expense and complexities of epidemiological research in determining carcinogenic risk, existing aggregate data collection systems need to be utilized for generating hypotheses. Direct follow-up contact with a patient by mail provides a mechanism for identifying potential risk factors at low cost. This method is being used to solicit information concerning environmental exposure. In addition, analysis of preliminary data on education and occupation collected by the mechanism indicated that staying patterns of cancer differ between rural and urban areas in the state of Iowa. The difference appears to be explained by education and not by occupation. PMID- 7349789 TI - Cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and age at death as functions of season of birth. AB - The Third National Cancer Survey (TNSC) includes more than 90,000 patients who died during the study period. Their lifespan varies with their season of birth. Patients born in the winter became in average 1.5 years older than patients born in the summer. This difference is very significant. The variation agrees with the results from a similar study performed about 50 years ago which used genealogical data. The season of birth distributions are equal for males and females, slightly different for blacks and whites and different for colon, rectum, breast cancer patients compared to stomach and lung cancer patients. There are significant regional difference with greater variation in season of birth for patients residing in hot areas than for patients residing in cold areas. It is assumed that the observed phenomena are related to health in general and not to cancer in particular. PMID- 7349790 TI - Desiderata for an adequate evaluation of cancer screening. AB - Three main problems in the evaluation of mass screening are obtaining reliable estimates of the impact of cancer screening on morbidity and mortality, taking account of the large number of factors that together determine the impact of cancer screening, and dealing adequately with all three stages (explanation, prediction, and planning) of evaluation. Mathematical models, implemented in computer programs, should preferably be used for the evaluation. Fourteen desiderata for adequate model-based evaluation of mass screening are formulated; they concern the model, the computer program, and the methodology used. Satisfying these desiderata is essential in overcoming the three main problems mentioned. As yet, no evaluation research group is close to fulfilling all 14 desiderata. Sticking to one model only should thus be avoided. PMID- 7349791 TI - The relationship between the rates of growth of cancers and the intervals between screening examinations necessary for effective discovery. AB - Data compiled since 1961 on the actual doubling times, DT(act), of human cancers at many sites have repeatedly shown an extreme natural variance, usually lognormal. This variance contributes to extreme variance in the optimum intervals between screening exams, lead time and length bias, and the frequency of cancers surfacing between screens. This variance can be used to estimate the optimum intervals between screens. The DT(act) determine the variance in the cancer control window. The CCW is that segment of time in the life history of a cancer elapsing between the attainment of a threshold size for detection and a size at which a cancer disseminates beyond the region of origin. The CCW cannot exceed 14 net doublings and the median is probably not greater than 9 doublings. A table is provided relating DT(act) to the net number of doublings in the CCW demonstrating how a year between screens will exceed the CCW for most acute cancers. These considerations can then be cross referenced to the observed lognormal frequency distributions of the DT(act) of many common human cancers measured in vivo to estimate the percent of cancers that might be detected effectively with various screening intervals. Doubling time data from the University of Louisville Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project and other sources are reported to show the relationship of these concepts to known doubling times. PMID- 7349792 TI - Occupational nasal carcinogenesis among dentists? AB - 671 dentists were registered in Alberta for 1973. In that year two dentists presented at the Cross Cancer Institute with extensive anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma involving the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses, an incidence rate of 298 per 100,000. Owing to the Provincial Cancer Service the registration of malignant disease is virtually complete and during 1973 the total Alberta registration of squamous carcinoma of the nasal cavity, accessory sinuses and nasopharynx was 28 cases. Assuming that all 28 cases arose in males over 24 years of age, and knowing that the 1973 Alberta population included 412,000 males over the age of 24 years a maximum expected incidence rate of 6.8 per 100,000 would apply to this population group. This paper describes the two dentists referred to above, contrasts the incidence rates previously quoted, discusses the frequency of malignancy among dentists in general and most especially draws attention to the role of inhaled oil droplets produced by high speed air rotor dental drills as a possible occupational carcinogenic hazard in the dental profession. On reviewing the world medical literature no previous report of this hazard has yet been traced. There is no significant risk for dental patients. PMID- 7349793 TI - Lung cancer: is the etiology changing? AB - A 16-year study of lung carcinomas seen at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in Uppsala, Sweden, was studied retrospectively. The material was divided into four 4-year periods, which were compared with respect to the occurrence of pleural plaques, occupational and smoking history, and histological type of tumor. There were 205 women and 897 men with acceptable x-rays of the chest. Of the women, 27% of those up to age 70 were smokers in the first period and 70 in the last. Among men, the smoking habits remained the same with 95-97% smokers or exsmokers. Asbestos exposure, as judged from the pleural plaques and the occupational history, showed a highly significant increase among the men during the period. Only one of 77 patients with pleural plaques had never smoked. Tobacco thus remains the main carcinogen for lung cancer, but seems to be increasingly dependent on cocarcinogens. Among men with pleural plaques, there were relatively more adenocarcinomas than expected. PMID- 7349794 TI - Cytologic respiratory changes in workers exposed to air pollution and cigarette smoking. AB - Sputum specimens taken at random from 420 of 2,500 sweepers of Naples (369 male smokers, at least ten filter cigarettes daily for a minimum of ten years, and 51 male controls, nonsmokers) have been investigated. In the smokers group, 220 cases (59.6%) with nonspecific chronic inflammatory disease, 54 cases (14.6%) with regular squamous metaplasia, 13 (3.5%) with atypical squamous metaplasia, and one case (0.3%) of presumed carcinoma in situ have been identified. In the control group, 17 cases (35.3%) of nonspecific chronic inflammatory processes with occasional regular squamous metaplasia were the only found pathology. Based upon their results, the authors have been unable to demonstrate that air pollution may enhance the smoking effect on the respiratory tract. PMID- 7349795 TI - Reliability of percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Aspiration biopsy is a widely accepted diagnostic modality for intrathoracic lesions. Between August 1978 and July 1980, percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy was utilized as a means to diagnose intrathoracic lesions in 82 patients. Cytologic diagnosis was obtained in 81 of 82 patients, 60 with a diagnosis of malignant lesions and 21 of nonmalignant lesions. Forty-four patients (53.7%) were treated surgically and 38 patients (46.3%) were treated conservatively, including radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Of the 44 patients who came to surgery, 35 had a malignant cytologic diagnosis. Surgery was performed in 11 patients with an initial benign cytologic diagnosis--there were 4 benign tumors, 4 inflammatory lesions and 3 false-negative cases. Of the 3 negatives, two patients had been biopsied on a second occasion with a malignant cytologic diagnosis. Of the 38 patients treated conservatively (malignant 27, benign 10, insufficient specimen 1) only one patient initially considered benign was later diagnosed with unresectable malignancy. The full collaboration of the radiologist and cytologist at the time of the biopsy has contributed to 94% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% predictive valve for aspiration biopsy of intrathoracic lesions. PMID- 7349796 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary complication of lymphoma. AB - Patients with known lymphoma frequently present with pulmonary abnormalities that require prompt diagnosis. The usual chest radiograph and bacteriologic studies often fail to be of diagnostic value. Since February 1973, we have performed flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopies on 76 patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented with pulmonary abnormalities. Biopsy specimens revealed lymphoma in 21 of these 76 patients, pneumocystic carinii infection in six, aspergillus infection in three, and cryptococcus, herpes simplex, and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively, in the remaining three. In all, specific diagnosis was obtained in 33 patients (43%). One death from bleeding occurred in a patient with marked thrombocytopenia and respiratory failure. Flexible bronchoscopy is recommended as a valuable, relatively risk-free procedure in the diagnosis of the pulmonary manifestations, or complications, of lymphoma. PMID- 7349797 TI - Esophageal tumors--the role of esophagoscopy. AB - In Yugoslavia, esophageal cancer is the fourth most frequent malignant disease of the gastrointestinal tract, after stomach cancer, rectum, and colon cancer. Incidence of esophageal cancer in Croatia in 1975 was 6.0 per 100,000 population for males, and considerably less for females with 1.4 per 100,000 population. There is not a statistically significant difference in the incidence of esophageal cancer in the different regions within Croatia. During the period from March 1973 to April 1980 at the Central Institute for Tumors and Allied Diseases in Zagreb, esophagoscopy was performed on 179 patients with esophageal tumors. Test results of 170 patients was 60.4 years (male 60.0, female 62.4). The authors present the analyses of histopathologic types of tumors. In 79.4% of patients (135/170) squamous cell carcinoma was found. In 69 patients histologic findings were compared with cytology. In six patients, only the cytological examinations were positive. Furthermore, the localizations of tumors in the esophagus were analyzed, and in 53.6% of patients (91/170) tumor was localized in the middle third of the esophagus. In almost all cases the disease was advanced and inoperable. Smoking and alcoholism were analyzed as potential etiological factors. The authors consider that esophagoscopy could be a valuable method in the early detection of esophageal carcinoma in the high risk group of the population (men over 50 years of age who are heavy alcoholics and smokers). PMID- 7349798 TI - Histopathological study of intestinal metaplasia of postmortem stomachs in the aged Japanese. AB - The incidence and extent of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in aged Japanese has been studied. Histological studies were carried out on 422 stomachs, obtained at autopsy in Tokyo Geriatric Hospital from 1957 to 1969. The average age of the subjects in this series was 76 yr. Intestinal metaplasia was classified into six types according to its distribution: antral type 14.5%, intermediate zone type 1.7%, cardiac type 4.0%, cardiac and antral type 3.8%, diffuse type 62.8%, and nonmetaplastic type 13.3%. Diffuse type was found to gradually increase in incidence with increasing age and a correlation was found between the extent of the intestinal metaplasia and the degree of atrophic change of the gastric mucosa. Two spreading patterns of the intestinal metaplasia were also observed. PMID- 7349799 TI - Dysplasias and morphogenesis of gastric cancer. AB - In a study of 143 selected human stomachs, resected for different pathologic changes, specific criteria were adopted to define the features of early gastric cancer, carcinoma in situ, gastric dysplasia, and gastric maturation disorders. The results in general did not lead to agreement in diagnoses, except in cases of early carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia, adenomatous polyps, and maturation impairment. A theory concerning the morphogenesis of gastric cancer was proposed in accordance with the data presented. This theory takes into account all possibilities of differentiations and dedifferentiations of the gastric gland stem cell pathway, as was determined from data of experimental carcinogenesis. PMID- 7349800 TI - Diagnosis of small early gastric cancer by X-ray, endoscopy, and biopsy. AB - Cases of early gastric cancer detected over a span of 12 years were reviewed for three periods: 1968-71, 1972-74, 1975-79. Early gastric cancers detected in each period were compared by size, type, and accuracy of diagnostic techniques consisting of barium meal double contrast radiography, gastroscopy, and biopsy. Eighty-five lesions were detected in the first period, 101 in the second, and 237 in the third, in a total of 369 patients. The number of detected early gastric cancers less than 10 mm in diameter also increased in each period. The study indicated that emphasis should be placed on careful radiographic and gastroscopic analysis of slight mucosal abnormalities in order to detect small early gastric cancer with greater accuracy. PMID- 7349801 TI - Advance of endoscopy. AB - Recent endoscopy has made startling progress. Consequently, now endoscopists can diagnose minute (or micro) cancer less than 5 mm in diameter in the digestive organs, particularly in the stomach and the colon. However, early detection of esophageal, biliary tract, or pancreatic cancer is still insufficient in spite of application of a new apparatus or subsidiary method. Among them, regarding recent increment of the cases with pancreatic cancer, it is absolutely necessary for the improvement of a prognosis to reveal small cancer less than 2 cm in diameter, endoscopically. Usefulness of laparoscopy for the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer is less as compared with hepatic angiography. In this paper, we summarize the present status of gastro-enterological endoscopy in Japan and point clearly the issue to solve in the future. PMID- 7349802 TI - A cooperative study on the detection of colorectal cancer and polyps in France. AB - Systematic investigations testing for the presence of polyps and cancers of the large bowel were conducted in a population of 1,369 inpatients and outpatients, aged 45-70 years, in eight university departments of gastroenterology or abdominal surgery (Toulouse, Dijon, Paris, Marseille, and Strasbourg). Double contrast barium enema and proctosigmoidoscopy examinations were carried out in all cases, whereas total coloscopy was performed only in the case of detected tumors. A questionnaire including 233 parameters (age, sex, family, and personal history and symptoms) was completed for each patient. A total of 414 lesions were detected in 252 patients, including 245 adenomatous or villous polyps, 8 transformed polyps, and 30 carcinomas; 3 of 4 lesions were located in the rectum or sigmoid. Cancer or adenomatous or villous polyps were found in 13% of the patients. The prevalence of these lesions in the population studied was increased in patients with rectorrhagia (19%) or with a personal history of surgery for colorectal cancer or polyp (23%). In the patients without rectorrhagia or a history of intestinal tumor, the incidence was 9.7%. It was significantly increased in males and patients more than 50 year old. The efficacy of proctosigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium enema was compared in 909 patients. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 35% and 99% for endoscopy, 96% and 94% for radiology. PMID- 7349803 TI - Possible methods of carcinogenicity testing for substances used at the place of work. AB - Even in the early stages of the development of new chemical substances the chemist should know as much as possible about their eventual carcinogenic properties. In most cases extensive carcinogenicity testing cannot be performed. In that situation, a sensitive and relatively inexpensive approach to carcinogen testing is proposed. Subcutaneous, intratracheal, or intraperitoneal applications to rodents give reliable results even with regard to the necessary quantification of potency. In such tests the unknown substances (unknown with regard to carcinogenicity) can be handled more safely than in other tests. Examples of the implementation of the methods are given and comparisons are made with classical methods of testing. PMID- 7349804 TI - Endoscopy in asymptomatics previously submitted to anterior resection for colorectal cancer. AB - Eighty-two colonoscopies were performed in 58 asymptomatic subjects previously submitted to anterior resection for colorectal cancer. In 6 patients endoscopy disclosed recurrent cancer at the anastomosis; in 1, a cancer synchronous to the primary neoplasia was detected 6 months from resection. Twenty-four polyps were detected in 19 patients. Severe epithelial dysplasia was present in two adenomatous polyps, and invasive cancer in another. From these findings, it appears that an endoscopic periodic surveillance of this high risk group is strongly advisable. PMID- 7349805 TI - Preneoplastic changes in epithelium and mesenchyme in colon of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Twenty-eight rats were given weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for periods of 1-10 weeks. The preneoplastic changes occurring in the descending colon were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. Marked uniformity was observed in the time period of lesion development in the colon induced by the carcinogen especially at the epithelialstromal junction in preneoplastic lesions. Little changes were observed after 3 weeks treatment with the DMH. The greatest changes occurred after 6 weeks treatment, resulting in epithelium and mesenchyme. It has been confirmed that 3 weeks treatment with DMH is subcarcinogenic, whereas 10 weeks treatment results in a high incidence of tumors. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a carcinogen may act by inducing alterations in a small number of enterocytes and that colonic tumors arise through stepwise evolutional changes in these cells. PMID- 7349806 TI - Epidemiologic characteristics and trace elements in pancreatic cancer in Greece. AB - Epidemiologic characteristics were studied in a sample of 50 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted at various hospitals of Athens during an 18-month period, and in 206 controls hospitalized during the same period with diagnoses other than cancer, and disorders of liver or pancreas. Trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mg) were determined in all cancer cases and in 63 controls by the Perkin-Elmer model 306 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The main findings were as follows: Cancer of the pancreas was associated with cigarette smoking (relative risk 2.7; P less than 0.05), diabetes mellitus (relative risk 2.1; P less than 0.05), and cholelithiasis (relative risk 3.5; P less than 0.05), but not with alcohol drinking (relative risk 0.7; P less than 0.20) and some other variables. There was a statistically significant increase of serum copper in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer in comparison with noncancer hospital controls. No consistent differences were found with respect to zinc and magnesium. PMID- 7349807 TI - Pancreatic cancer: diagnostic value of pancreatic function tests. AB - Pancreatic secretion is abnormal in at least 90% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Any of the standard tests of pancreatic function that employ an exogenous secretin or CCK-like stimulus effectively reveal those abnormalities. However, despite a high sensitivity, the tests lack the specificity necessary to distinguish reliably between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. With the current practice of testing pancreatic function in symptomatic patients and in the absence of an identifiable high-risk group within the population, it is unlikely that the established pancreatic function tests will provide a means for the earlier detection of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7349808 TI - Cytogenetics of bladder carcinoma: a key to prognosis in noninvasive and submucosal invasive carcinoma. AB - In 65 patients with noninvasive or submucosal invasive well-differentiated carcinoma of the bladder observed for 15 months to 11 years, cytogenetic analysis by the direct technique (nonculture) has been serially performed. Markers (abnormal chromosomes) have been found in 45 tumors, and recurrence has developed in all 45, resulting in 16 deaths. Two of the 20 patients without markers have developed recurrence. In one recurrence, 8 months postdiagnosis, the karyotypic mode changed from 69 to 92, evidence of development of a new tumor in a bladder prone to neoplasia. Based on our overall cytogenetic experience with 200 patients with carcinoma of the bladder a new classification is presented. This classification, builds on objective cytogenetic characteristics of early carcinoma, including the presence or absence of marker chromosomes, allows accurate prognosis, and thus provides the basis for development of standard therapy. PMID- 7349809 TI - Urinary alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases: a preliminary screening test for bladder cancer. AB - The urinary activities of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases were measured for groups of bilharzial and nonbilharzial patients with benign urologic diseases and for others with bladder cancer. All these patients showed elevation in the urinary enzyme activity over that given by healthy controls. Bilharzial and nonbilharzial bladder cancer patients exhibited significant increase in urinary enzyme activity as compared with corresponding groups with benign urologic diseases A level of 50 units of enzyme activity was taken as a limit to discriminate between bladder cancer patients and those patients with benign urologic diseases. The specificity and sensitivity of this urinary test exceeded 90% with low falsely positive and negative results. The data of the present study recommended the use of urinary alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases activity as a preliminary screening test for bilharzial and nonbilharzial bladder cancer patients. PMID- 7349810 TI - Combination of cytology and colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - A 12-month study of 276 patients with erythroplakia investigated the use of colposcopy in combination with cytology to increase findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Colposcopic, cytologic, and histologic findings were compared, and and patients were evaluated in relation to age and parity. In 100 detected cases (36.2%), CIN was diagnosed in 44.7% of patients aged 30-33 years and in 46.9% of patients with parity 3; it was also found in patients with parity 0. Abnormal colposcopic findings were observed with abnormal cytology in 32 of 39 cases, with inflammatory cytology in 107 of 161 cases, and with normal cytology in 41 of 76 cases. In these respective groups, CIN I (very mild and mild dysplasia) was diagnosed in 7, 36, and 15 cases; CIN II (moderate dysplasia), in 10, 13, and 4 cases; CIN III (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) in 5, 3, and 1 cases. Eighty-three of 85 CIN cases (97.6%) treated by cryosurgery had good results with follow-up period of 6-12 months. It was concluded that colposcopy was effective as an instrument for collection of specimens with observed abnormalities, and that normal and inflammatory cytology alone were no guarantee of a cervix free of dysplasia. Colposcopy in combination with cytology permitted increased ability to detect CIN. PMID- 7349811 TI - Histological and stereological analysis of microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - To estimate the size of microinvasive carcinoma, stereological analysis proved to be an appropriate objective method. The difference between reticular and droplike pattern of invasion was presented by calculation of the absolute surface and the factor of deformity. Zeiss's light microscope at 100 X magnification and Weibel's multipurpose test system were used for the investigation of 14 cases of microinvasive carcinoma. High significant correlation was established between the pattern of invasion, the presence of vascular spread, and the stereological findings, indicating that in microcarcinoma with reticular pattern of invasion increasing values of the absolute surface and the factor of deformity could signify a greater degree of tumour invasiveness. PMID- 7349812 TI - Extraglandular estrogen production in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer: comparison between "in vitro" and "in vivo" results. PMID- 7349813 TI - Study of prior biopsies of endometrial cancer patients and controls. AB - Prior endometrial biopsies were studied for evaluation of the relationship between hyperplastic endometrial changes and the development of endometrial cancer. Our findings were: A trend for the histologic diagnosis to be more severe in the reexamination. Endometrial hyperplasia preceeded cancer in 20 out of 21 cases. The severe hyperplastic lesions were found 1 to 6 years prior to the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. PMID- 7349814 TI - Delays in diagnosis and stage of disease in gynecologic cancer. PMID- 7349815 TI - Late effects of radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - This report presents follow-up information on 497 women diagnosed with cancer of the uterine cervix in Connecticut and California between 1932 and 1951 who received only radiation as their initial course of therapy. Patients entered into the study were all treated before age 55 and all were five-year-survivors following treatment in order to eliminate early deaths due to the cervical cancer. Three radiologic dosage groups (high, medium, and low) were formed with 93, 244, and 160 patients, respectively. For all dosage groups combined 108 subsequent cancers were observed more than 5 yr after cancer treatment compared with 64 expected (P less than 0.01). Sites for which subsequent cancers were significantly (P less than 0.05) in excess of expectation were rectum, ovary, lung, vulva and vagina, small intestine, oropharynx, and central nervous system excluding brain. The ratio of observed to expected cases of subsequent cancers rose only slightly with increasing radiologic dose. No significant differences in overall survival patterns for the three dosage groups were found. For all dosage groups survival was poorer than in the corresponding segment of the general population. PMID- 7349816 TI - Enzymohistochemical study on the gestational choriocarcinoma: histochemistry of choriocarcinoma. AB - Histochemical investigation of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH was performed with tissues of normal chorionic villi, H. mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma with the following conclusions: 1. In the normal villous tissues, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast, the former two in the rim of the cell, and the latter inside the cytoplasm. LDH displayed higher activity in cytotrophoblast than syncytiotrophoblast, especially in the former of cell column of initial chorionic villi. 2. In H. mole, Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p are localized in syncytiotrophoblast of cystic epithelium, and in this layer and transitional cells of the chrioblastic part, the former two are localized in the rim of the cell, the latter within the cytoplasm. LDH is localized in cytotrophoblast and the transitional cell of the cystic epithelium and the chorioblastosis. 3. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, Ac-p, and LDH in invasive mole are closely similar to those in H. mole. 4. Localization and activities of Al-p, HSAP, and Ac-p in choriocarcinoma presented various aspects, but more frequently they are localized in syncytiotrophoblasts in the periphery of focus and also partly in cytotrophoblasts and transitional cells. Also localization and activity of LDH showed diversity. However, the activity is stronger in cytotrophoblast. 5. From those findings, choriocarcinoma is hardly comparable with H. mole or invasive mole from an enzymohistochemical viewpoint and is assumed to have specific enzymic deviation invisible in the others and therefore to possess particular characteristics different from those of any other villous tissues. PMID- 7349817 TI - Cystic disease, family history of breast cancer, and use of oral contraceptives. AB - Epidemiologic studies show a lower frequency of fibrocystic breast disease among users of oral contraceptives than among women who have never used them. Family history of breast cancer appears to be more common among benign breast disease patients than among their controls. To determine the use of oral contraceptives and the presence of family history of breast cancer, information was obtained from 211 cystic cases and their matched controls from the metropolitan Toronto area. Cystic cases compared to controls had a higher proportion of women with a family history of breast cancer (21% vs 15%). For both a positive and negative family history of breast cancer, as well as for all women combined, the mean duration of oral contraceptive use was lower for cystic cases than for controls. The odds ratio for oral contraceptive use according to family history of breast cancer for cystic cases and controls was 0.42 and 0.81 respectively. The possibility that a woman is more protected against benign breast disease by using oral contraceptives if she has a family history of breast cancer deserves more attention in future investigations on the long-term effects of birth control pills. PMID- 7349818 TI - Benign breast disease: estriol proportions and family history of breast cancer. AB - Urine samples were analyzed for estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and Estriol (E3) to test the hypothesis that women diagnosed with benign breast disease (high risk for breast cancer?) will have lower estriol proportions (E3/E1 + E2 + E3) than a comparison control group. Luteal urine samples were collected from 64 women recently diagnosed with benign breast disease (cases) and from 64 controls matched for age and education. Compared to their controls, benign breast disease patients had a lower mean weight (P less than 0.05), lower Quetelet's index (P less than 0.02), and higher frequency of family history of breast cancer (P less than 0.01) and of family history of any breast disease (P less than 0.01). The mean estriol proportions were similar for cases and controls before and after stratification by family history and Quetelet's index. Results of this study indicate that if women with benign breast disease are at high risk of breast cancer, that risk is not transmitted by the estriol proportion. PMID- 7349819 TI - Mammary cancer risk: circulating TSH and prolactin, fibrocystic breast disease in chronoepidemiologic perspective. AB - Classical epidemiology associates human breast cancer with several risk factors including, among others, so-called preclinical hypothyroidism, fibrocystic disease of the breast (FM), and hyperprolactinemia. Relationships among FM, hyperprolactinemia, and thyroid function are of interest because of the possibility of multiple risk combinations. Prolactin and TSH (the latter as a presumed index of preclinical hypothyroidism) undergo rhythmic changes and hence should be chronobiologically investigated. Serum samples obtained at 4-hour intervals throughout a 24-hour span from 23 healthy women and from 25 women with FM (histologically verified) here summarized suggest that circadian mesor hyperprolactinemia is a feature associated with FM. In a broader context, however, such impressions and an often considered modest impairment of thyroid function in some patients must be viewed in the light of new chronobiologic rules. These include a reciprocity of the circannual amplitudes of TSH and prolactin in relation to breast cancer risk, revealed by cooperative studies. A yet broader chronoepidemiologic view reveals that the reciprocal relation of the circannual amplitudes of circulating TSH and prolactin is (sex) inverted in patients with cancer of the prostate. PMID- 7349820 TI - Breast screening by breast self-examination: an evaluation of teaching methods and materials. AB - A base-line survey of women's opinions on breast cancer and breast self examination (BSE) suggested a link between high awareness of BSE and a view of breast cancer as the most worrying illness they could suffer. Data from pre teaching questionnaires compares awareness of and performance of BSE with six opinions related to the vulnerability of women to breast cancer and to possible outcomes. Inferences from statistically significant associations, which also replicated survey findings, led to the development of three alternative models of teaching methods. The findings also suggest that "concern" is a more accurate term than "anxiety" in describing perceptions of vulnerability and of BSE. PMID- 7349821 TI - Advantages and limitations of physical examination and mammography in breast cancer screening. AB - Among 167 breast cancers detected on screening by xeromammography and physical examination, the accuracy of each modality was found to depend not only on the size and stage of the tumor itself but also on the structure and composition of the surrounding breast tissue. Overall, 53% (89/167) of cancers were found on physical examination and 78% (131/167) on xeromammography. Mammographic accuracy was greatest for large breasts and fatty breasts but was reduced for small breasts, dense breasts, and retroareolar lesions. The proportion of tumors with negative findings on physical examination was equal among women above and below 50 years of age. PMID- 7349822 TI - A preliminary appraisal of diaphanography in diseases of the breast. AB - Transillumination of the breast is a noninvasive procedure that is being tested as an imaging technique for evaluation of breast disease, differentiating benign from malignant lesions, and as a possible screening modality. The average normal breast when transilluminated in a darkened room has a reddish-yellow color that is reproduced with remarkable fidelity on infrared film. Differences of color, shading, and blood vessel caliber are criteria for the recognition of various breast lesions. The diaphanographic findings in approximately 200 women have been compared with the interpretations based upon mammography and thermography. To date the level of accuracy reported by some investigators (Di Maggio et al, Italy; Ohlsson et al, Sweden; Wallberg and Alveryd, Sweden) has not been achieved in our series of histologically proved malignant and benign lesions. Diaphanography can be useful as a complementary technique in examination of the breast, but its potential as a single screening test appears limited. PMID- 7349823 TI - Cancer detection studies using a 4.7 Gigahertz radiometer. AB - Our laboratory has begun to evaluate the cancer detection capabilities of a microwave thermographic unit that employs a 4.7 GHz radiometer. The technique is passive and noninvasive. The temperature sensitivity of the unit is less than 0.1 degrees C. Malignant tumors are often about 1 degree C warmer than normal tissues. Microwave radiometry can provide information related to subsurface temperatures, whereas infrared thermography is limited to surface temperatures. Positive results were obtained in four of six biopsy-proved primary carcinomas of the breast, in four of four patients with lymphoma, and in nine of ten women with recurrent breast cancer. Negative results were obtained in patients with deeply seated tumors such as in lung, liver, esophagus, femur, and humerus. Microwave thermography is a promising new method of noninvasive cancer detection, and the choice of a 4.7 GHz frequency may represent an improvement over units operated at other frequencies. PMID- 7349824 TI - Pathologic discriminants of breast cancers detected on screening by mammography and physical examination. AB - Pathologic discriminants such as lesion size, ratio of infiltrating to intraductal growth, histologic type, histologic grade, percentage tubule formation, lymph vessel invasion, and axillary lymph node metastases were used to analyze 183 breast cancers detected on screening by mammography and physical examination. In general, cancers detected only on mammography should be associated with favorable long-term survival because of their early stage. These lesions had histologic features indicating significant potential for subsequent metastatic spread, which would have occurred had screening been performed by physical examination alone. PMID- 7349825 TI - Breast cancer detection utilizing biostereometric analysis. AB - Twelve female patients participated in a study designed to employ computer assisted biostereometric analysis for the detection of breast masses. All breast masses were previously documented by physical examination and followed by xeromammography, stereophotography, and histopathologic confirmation of tumor type. "Contour mammograms" were produced from the biostereometric photographs. These data were analyzed first for tumor detection and location by visual inspection. A second analysis employed a computed algorithm designed to locate and measure surface aberrations that suggest the possibility of underlying breast tumor. Visual analysis yielded the exact location of breast tumors in eight of the ten malignancies; computer analysis exactly located nine of the ten malignancies. In the computer analysis, one malignancy not exactly located by quadrant was, nevertheless, located in the correct breast. The results of the study suggest that the biostereometric process may have future use in screening or prescreening procedures for breast cancer detection. It is noninvasive, applicable to large numbers of women and with suitable refinements, and capable of being fully automated. PMID- 7349826 TI - Validation and use of a mathematical model to estimate the benefits of screening younger women for breast cancer. AB - A model of breast cancer is validated by showing that predictions from the model are similar to a variety of reported data on breast cancer. In particular, the model reproduces the finding reported from the HIP screening program that there is no statistically significant benefit from screening younger women for breast cancer. Based on the model, it is estimated that yearly screening between age 40 and 70 with a joint modality consisting of a clinical examination and mammography will realize slightly under one-half the gain in life expectancy (from age 40) that would be realized if breast cancer mortality were eliminated. Most of this gain (about 70%) would be realized if only the clinical examination were performed yearly. Up to 90% would be realized if biannual mammograms were added to the yearly clinical examination. PMID- 7349827 TI - Use of human mammary epithelial antigens (HME-Ags) in breast cancer diagnosis. AB - The use of human mammary epithelial antigens (HME-Ags) was explored in detection of human breast cancers. Specific antibodies were made against HME-Ags, which are normal differentiation antigens of human breast epithelium, and were used in a solid phase radioimmunoassay. Circulating HME-Ags were detected in sera of breast cancer patients with high-tumor load. These antibodies, after radioiodination, were also successfully used to localize human breast tumors grafted in athymic nude mice by whole body radioimaging devices. These results suggest that HME-Ags can be applied to breast cancer diagnosis with higher specificity than those already reported. PMID- 7349828 TI - The photodynamic effects of hematoporphyrin and light on the cytoplasm of human leukemic cells. AB - Degenerative changes as seen by electron microscopy in malignant cells treated with hematoporphyrin and white light consist of a) swelling and disruption of mitochondria, b) early loss of cytoplasmic projections, c) formation of localized zone of new cytoplasmic projection which then detach from cell surface, and d) nuclear degeneration occurs late as a last event. Therefore, we postulate that the combination of hematoporphyrin and light exerts its primary toxic effects on the cytoplasm and that the first organelle to present morphologic alterations are the mitochondria. PMID- 7349829 TI - Detection of haematologic and nonhaematologic cancer by bone biopsy. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to test the efficacy of routine bone marrow biopsies for the diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of different forms of neoplastic involvement. Trephine and needle biopsies of the iliac crest of 3,626 patients with haematologic and 838 patients with nonhaematologic neoplasias were embedded without prior decalcification. 43 histologic variables were evaluated in 3-millimicrons sections of each biopsy, stained by five different techniques. The incidence of bone marrow involvement, in decreasing order of frequency, was as follows: plasmacytoma 55% and 95% of 428 cases, malignant lymphoma 37% and 79% of 1.112 cases, metastatic carcinoma 20% and 63% of 838 cases, and Hodgkin disease 3% and 28% of 772 cases each without and with manifest systemic dissemination. In the group of the metastatic carcinomas, there was a striking incidence of bone marrow involvement--82%--due to occult primary tumours. From a comparison of these figures with those reported in the literature, it is concluded that the large variations in positive and negative results are due to 1) differences in the size and the preparation of the specimens, 2) extent of the neoplastic dissemination at the time of the biopsy, and 3) the incidence of bone marrow involvement characteristic for a particular type of neoplasia. In addition, a subclassification of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders is proposed; it is based on histologic criteria whose prognostic relevance was tested and demonstrated by statistical analysis of the survival rates. The high incidence of detection reported in this study in patients without other evidence of systemic spread, or even in patients with occult neoplasias, provides a strong justification for the use of bone marrow biopsy as a primary diagnostic tool as well as a staging procedure, in both haematologic and nonhaematologic cancer. PMID- 7349830 TI - Carcinogenicity in Syrian golden hamsters of N-nitrosamines formed during nitrosation of spermidine. AB - Several N-nitrosamines are formed during the nitrosation of the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Since these polyamines may represent a source for the endogenous or exogenous formation of N-nitrosamines, their major nitrosation products were assayed for carcinogenicity in male Syrian golden hamsters. Administration of N-nitroso-3-butenyl(2-propenyl)amine SC once a week for life at a dose of 300 mg/kg induced neoplasms mostly in the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, larynx, trachea). Lung microlithiasis (alveolar and bronchial) also developed in all these animals. In contrast, N-nitroso-3-butenyl(3 hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-4-hydroxybutyl(2-propenyl)amine induced neoplasms, primarily in the digestive tract, including the nonglandular stomach, cecum, colon, and adrenal gland. PMID- 7349831 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of liver and lung tumors induced by a single low dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in C57BLXC3H F1 mice. AB - The effect of a single intragastric dose of DEN was studied in 15-day-old male C57BLXC3H F1 mice. Group 1 was given 0.315, group 2, 0.625 micrograms/g, and group 3 served as a vehicle control. Animals were sacrificed at regular intervals up to 75 weeks. Liver and lung tissue were examined by light and electron microscopy. Mice of group 1 and 2 developed liver lesions ranging from hyperplastic nodules to hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The incidence of these lesions varied with the length of observation period. Electron-dense crystalline inclusions of alpha 1 antitrypsin were found in the dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the hyperplastic and adenomatous nodules. The incidence of lung adenomas was significantly higher in group 3 than groups 1 and 2; ultrastructurally these tumors contained both Clara cells and type II pneumocytes. The results indicate that DEN is effective even in a low single dose in inducing liver and lung tumors in mice. PMID- 7349832 TI - Radiation hazards: genetic and epidemiologic evidence and control measures. PMID- 7349833 TI - [Fractures of the proximal end of the humerus of surgical importance (study of 40 cases)]. PMID- 7349834 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hip joint prosthesis. Presentation of a printed form for immediate and long-term summary records]. PMID- 7349835 TI - [Surgical correction of the supinator syndrome in the sequelae of obstetrical paralysis of the arms]. PMID- 7349836 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the tibial plate]. PMID- 7349837 TI - [Aspecific spondylitis in childhood]. PMID- 7349838 TI - [Proposed classification of flatfoot in childhood]. PMID- 7349839 TI - [Surgical treatment of anterior pes cavus in adults]. PMID- 7349840 TI - [A case of post-traumatic necrosis of the head of the humerus]. PMID- 7349841 TI - [A rare injury of the forearm in childhood]. PMID- 7349843 TI - Abstracts from the First Annual Congress on Recombinant DNA research. PMID- 7349842 TI - Nucleic acid sequence database. PMID- 7349844 TI - [Lipoedema]. PMID- 7349845 TI - [The enlarged leg in gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 7349846 TI - [Therapy of gestoses]. PMID- 7349847 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of peripheral edema]. PMID- 7349848 TI - [Edema in internal primary diseases]. PMID- 7349849 TI - [The enlarged leg-venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7349850 TI - [Function-saving operations in vaginal atresia]. PMID- 7349851 TI - [12-year experience with colpopoiesis using the peritoneum]. PMID- 7349852 TI - [Use of the colon in the surgical treatment of vaginal agenesis]. PMID- 7349853 TI - [Operations for the restoration of function in congenital or acquired occlusion or stenosis of the vagina. Commentary and personal experiences]. PMID- 7349855 TI - Hallux valgus surgery. PMID- 7349854 TI - [Function-saving operations in ovarian endometriosis, tubal pregnancy and tubal occlusion]. PMID- 7349856 TI - Total replacement arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - A surface replacement prosthesis for the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been designed to be used in arthritic conditions of this joint. The components are made of stainless steel and polyethylene and fixed with methylmethacrylate. The surgical details of insertion are important in such a complex, small joint. In the series of 20 patients (21 joints), the patient and physician satisfaction rate was 81% at an average follow-up period of 43 months (range 16 to 58 months). Current use of this prosthesis is most reasonable in older patients with painful degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and minimal joint imbalance. PMID- 7349857 TI - Hallux rigidus: cheilotomy or implant? AB - Fifty-one feet in 42 patients with varying degrees of symptomatic hallux rigidus and with 2 years of follow-up have been operated with excellent results. Cheilotomy was performed in all cases with only cheilotomy employed in the young patients and implant surgery (single-stem silicone) reserved for the older and more advanced arthritis cases. Pain generally disappeared within 3 months. Range of toe motion in dorsiflexion increased. All patients returned to their activity of choice. All patients were able to utilize off-the-shelf footwear postoperatively. There have been no fractures or inflammatory reactions of the implants as yet, including those inserted 4 or more years ago. PMID- 7349858 TI - Pathologic anatomic variations in the sesamoids. AB - This paper reviews 26 patients who presented with disorders of one or both sesamoids of the foot. There is a high association between long-distance running and chondromalacia or stress fractures in these bones. Thirty-eight per cent of these patients had variations in the anatomy at this articulation, including asymmetry in sesamoid size, symmetrical sesamoid enlargement, metatarsal condylar hypoplasia, and metatarsal rotational abnormalities. PMID- 7349859 TI - Stubbing injuries to the hallux. AB - Stubbing injuries to the hallux, previously unreported, result in specific fractures and fracture dislocations of the interphalangeal joint. In the six cases seen, the initial injury remained unrecognized for 3 to 6 weeks. The mechanism of injury consisted of stubbing the hallux while barefoot, driving it proximally and dorsally. The mildest injury consisted of single or multiple relative undisplaced fractures of either the lateral or medial condyle of the proximal phalanx. Further force resulted in condylar displacement and rotation to complete dorsal dislocation of the distal phalanx, carrying with it either one or both condyles. Treatment in these relatively symptomatic late cases was expectant. One patient ultimately required an interphalangeal fusion. PMID- 7349860 TI - Amputation of the great toe. AB - Four patients who had undergone reimplantation of the great toe to create a thumb were studied. The follow-up period ranged from 29 to 62 months. In all cases, the great toe was disarticulated at the metatarsophalangeal joint. The patients felt their feet functioned at approximately 85% of normal, and none had any significant complaint of metatarsalgia. The one patient who participated in sports after the surgery noted that it was difficult to "push off" moving away from the involved foot. X-ray examination demonstrated retraction of the sesamoids, which accounted for the increased plantar flexion of the first metatarsal shaft. The second metatarsophalanageal joint drifted into varus an average of 8 degrees. The Harris mat demonstrated that there was an increase in weightbearing beneath the second and third metatarsal heads. It appears as though, on the basis of this study, the loss of the great toe in this manner does not significantly affect the normal everyday function of an individual's foot. PMID- 7349861 TI - Investigation of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. AB - The problem of chronic instability of lateral ankle ligaments has been approached with both conservative and surgical measures. Many operative procedures have been devised to correct this problem, and of these the Watson-Jones, modified Elmslie and Evans procedures are the most commonly used in our community. This paper was designed to: 1) compare the results of the three procedures; 2) investigate subtalar motion in a population of uninjured ankles; and 3) compare these results to subtalar motion in ankles after lateral ligament reconstruction. We found that each of the three procedures had a surprisingly high incidence of postoperative pain. All procedures had a high rate of return to preinjury activity level, and the majority of the patients were satisfied with the results of the operation. Postoperatively, the Watson-Jones repair exhibited the highest percentage of subjective instability. Twenty-four per cent of the Watson-Jones repairs had a postoperative talar tilt greater than 5 degrees. It was determined that subtalar motion was affected by the type of reconstructive procedure, and although this fact had been theorized in the literature, it had not been documented by objective data. PMID- 7349862 TI - Dwyer's operation for the rheumatoid forefoot. AB - In 1970, A. F. Dwyer described an operation for severe toe deformities with the objectives of creating a more stable foot and improving toe function, in addition to relieving pain. This was achieved by fusing the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux and the proximal interphalangeal joints of the lateral four toes. The metatarsal heads of the second, third, fourth, and fifth rays were then resected with their respective extensor tendons interposed so as to provide a tenodesis effect. Our study presented in this paper consists of 36 consecutive procedures performed on 22 rheumatoid patients. Follow-up of 33 operations in the 20 patients who were available for recall averaged 42.2 months. Assessment emphasized a subjective report including patient satisfaction, relief of pain, ability to fit shoes, cosmetic result, and walking ability. Objective examination was used to evaluate the presence of a successful arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe, the position of this arthrodesis, the presence of tender callosities, the attitude of the lateral four toes, and symmetry. Results were good or excellent in 76%, satisfactory in 12%, and poor in 12%. PMID- 7349863 TI - Diagnostic problems: jogging and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7349864 TI - Earmuffs, exploratory head movements, and horizontal and vertical sound localization. AB - In a semi-anechoic room, normal-hearing adults judged the position of that loudspeaker emitting a narrow-band noise centered at 1 kc/s, from a vertical array of 10 loudspeakers in 18 degrees steps, or a similar horizontal-arc array intersecting at 0 degrees azimuth and 0 degrees vertical. Stimuli were narrow band noise bursts terminated by S when judgment was made. Ss (N:17) were free to move their heads, or were asked to restrict such movement. In the horizontal plane, Ss without earmuffs and with free head movement performed with 95% absolute accuracy but, with earmuffs, accuracy fell off to 50%, and when head movements were restricted accuracy fell off further to 24%. The results of Fisher and Freeman (J. Aud. Res., 1968, 8, 15-26) were generally confirmed, but free head movements did not, as in their study, totally "wash out" functional pinna removal. In the vertical plane, Ss with earmuffs even with free head movements yielded only 19% absolute accuracy, though without earmuffs accuracy rose to 72%. A postulate arising from this study is that listeners are unable to recruit remaining (interaural) cues when these are generated under different bodily orientations. The potential practical hazard suggested by the results is noted. PMID- 7349865 TI - Perstimulatory adaptation as measured by reaction time: asymmetry between 400 and 500 kc/s. AB - The finger-withdrawal reaction time (RT) of 22 normal-hearing young adults was measured to 40 presentations of test tones of .5 kc/s and of .4 kc/s at 50 db SPL. An adapting tone of .4 or .5 kc/s at 50 db SPL was then presented, and after 7 min, RTs were collected to a series of 40 test tones as in the pre-adaptation procedure. The adapting tone-test tone order of .4-.5 kc/s, respectively, and the reverse order, were counterbalanced among Ss. In this study, as reported previously (Davis and Weiler, Brit. J. Audiol., 1976, 10, 102-106), RT changes were significant as a function of adaptation, but only in the order .5-.4 kc/s. Further study would be required to determine whether cochlear or more central processes are responsible for adaptation at .5 kc/s affecting RT at .4 kc/s, but for adaptation at .4 kc/s not significantly affecting RT at .5 kc/s. PMID- 7349866 TI - Use of the acoustic reflex threshold at 3 kc/s for setting optimal click presentation level in ABR testing. AB - Ten otoscopically and tympanometrically normal young men with noise-exposed hearing loss (mn HTL at 1 kc/s = 25 db, and at 3 and 4 kc/s = 50 db) were examined for threshold of acoustic reflex (AR) at 3 kc/s. Wave V latency was then determined to a click of which the peak SPL was equivalent to the AR threshold at 3 kc/s, and at 4 additional levels +/- 5 and +/- 10 db. At the equivalent AR threshold level, 6 Ss yielded Wave V latency within normal limits, while at +5, and also at +10 db, all 10 Ss did so. It was concluded that an optimal setting of click level for ABR diagnostic use was +5 db re AR threshold at 3 kc/s, at least for the shielded circumaural earphone/cushion unit used here. PMID- 7349867 TI - High frequency Bekesy audiometry: II. Threshold test procedure, reliability and validity. AB - Normal-hearing Ss (N: 20) produced 2 sets of Bekesy threshold tracings, from 2-8 kc/s, on a conventional Grason-Stadler E-800 audiometer, and from 2-20 kc/s on a unit (HF E-800) modified for high frequencies. Half the Ss then produced at least 2 sets of tracings each in the fixed-frequency mode on the HF E-800. The pulsed tone fixed-frequency procedure is recommended for HF HTLs. Maximum mean test retest HTL differences of 1-4 db were obtained. Reliability r's obtained from the HF E-800 were equivalent to or surpassed those from the E-800; a very high proportion of such coefficients was statistically significant. Reduced validity coefficients, calculated at the frequencies common to the units, were attributed at least in part to differences in methods of coupling the transducers to the ear. It was concluded that the HF E-800 unit in the fixed-frequency mode could be used with some confidence to assess HF HTLs. PMID- 7349868 TI - Temporal integration in the chinchilla. PMID- 7349869 TI - The dichotic lead effect of CV syllables in sensorineural hearing loss. AB - This study investigated central processing of dichotic CV syllables on 10 patients with sensorineural hearing losses. Porter's Dichotic Lag Index (DLI) was established for each S at asynchronies of alignment of 30, 60, 90, and 150 msec by presenting the lagging syllable first to the R and then to the L ear. Ss were required to record a response to both CV syllables. Patients exhibited a dichotic lead advantage while 10 normal-hearing control Ss exhibited a dichotic lag advantage. A R ear advantage was not abolished when the lagging syllable was presented to the L ear and was not enhanced when the lagging syllable was presented to the R ear. The lead advantage of the patients may be attributed to the distortion of acoustic encoding for speech, causing a reduction in the special processing requirements of CV syllables. The reduction in special processing may then be responsible for the shift in temporal advantage. PMID- 7349870 TI - On the relationship of stapedial contraction to central masking. AB - The auditory masked threshold of a 1-kc/s pure tone was determined in quiet and with levels of white noise at 50-80 db SL in the non-test ear. Two groups of normal-hearing adults were tested, one (N:14, mn age = 27.4 yrs) with no history of middle-ear pathology, and another (N:12, mn age = 44.7 yrs) with the stapedial tendon severed. Significant differences in the amount of masked-threshold shift were observed, greater shifts being seen for the normal Ss, additional shifts ranging from 0.8-4.3 db as masking increased from 50-80 db SL. These differences were judged to be at least partly the result of stapedial contraction rather than having their origin entirely in central masking as often assumed. PMID- 7349871 TI - Annoyance response to aircraft noise as a function of contextual effects and personality characteristics. PMID- 7349872 TI - Interaction of some serum proteins with hydroxylapatite and other materials. AB - In order to investigate whether the immune system is involved in the degradation of hydroxylapatite as implant material the adsorption behavior of several serum proteins to hydroxylapatite was studied and compared with the adsorption to other calcium phosphate compounds (Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4), calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, and zinc oxide. It was found that complement factors, C4 and C3, and alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein adsorbed to the calcium phosphate compounds, but not to the other materials. IgG and albumin were adsorbed to all investigated compounds. These results suggest that the complement factors are directly adsorbed on the surface of the calcium phosphate compounds. Therefore, the activation of complement, if any, proceeds by the classical pathway. The binding of complement factors to the calcium phosphate salts investigated points to a more specific involvement of the immunosystem in the degradation process of calcium phosphate implants. PMID- 7349873 TI - Organizational differences in the membrane proteins of normal and irreversibly sickled erythrocytes. AB - Using two-dimensional gels, no unique membrane proteins were detected in irreversibly sickled cells. Membranes from irreversibly sickled cells were shown to cross-link much more readily with dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) than normal erythrocyte membranes. Increased binding of band 4.5 protein and increased intra-chain disulfides were also demonstrated. These changes may correlate to enhanced cellular rigidity. PMID- 7349874 TI - Alanine influx across serosal border of Testudo graeca intestine. AB - The influx of alanine across the serosal membrane of Testudo graeca intestinal cells with preserved epithelial orientation was examined. Our results suggest that: 1. The mechanism of alanine influx across the serosal membrane of turtle intesintal cells is a carrier-mediated process that has the characteristics of facilitated diffusion. 2. Alanine influx mechanism is independent of intra- and extra-cellular changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations, and is not altered by reversal of Na+ and K+ gradients across the serosal membrane. 3. In Na+-free media the mechanism of transport of alanine at the mucosal membrane has the same pattern of competitive inhibition by amino acids as the serosal. PMID- 7349875 TI - Protoporphyrin-induced photodynamic effects on transport processes across the membrane of human erythrocytes. AB - Previous studies have shown that illumination of erythrocytes with visible light in the presence of protoporphyrin results in cross-linking of membrane proteins and deterioration of several membrane functions, e.g. active transport of K+ and Na+. In the present study it is shown that carrier-mediated transport of glucose, L-leucine, sulphate and glycerol is also inhibited by the photodynamic process, whereas non-specific permeability of glycerol and thiourea is increased. It is shown that these effects are not caused by lipid peroxidation, but by photooxidation of membrane proteins. The inhibition of carrier-mediated transport is caused either by photodynamic oxidation of susceptible essential amino acid residues of the carrier molecules, or by an aspectific perturbation of the membrane structure, leading to inhibition of carrier functions. PMID- 7349876 TI - Modulation of membrane fluidity in a fatty acid auxotrophe of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - A mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila has been isolated which requires an unsaturated fatty acid for growth. Pellicles isolated from cultures supplemented with palmitoleic, elaidic, oleic, linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids show widely differing membrane fluidities, as measured by the polarisation of fluorescence technique. In contrast to the behaviour of the wild type organism, the changes in fluidity of the membrane, once induced by supplementation, are permanent. This mutant should prove extremely useful for studying structure-function relationships in the various membrane systems of Tetrahymena. PMID- 7349877 TI - Voltage pulsation of sickle erythrocytes enhances membrane permeability to oxygen. AB - Treatment of sickle red cells (SS homozygous) with a voltage pulse of less than 0.8 kV/cm and duration of 20 mus caused a change in the cell membrane, so as to facilitate the permeation of oxygen. The unsickling of the treated cells after a re-introduction of oxygen took place at a much faster rate. Neither leakages of Na+ and K+, nor a change in the cell volume occurred as the result of the low voltage pulsation. The effect of the voltage treatment persisted for hours at 25 degrees C but disappeared rapidly at 37 degrees C. The result suggests that a selective modification of membrane permeability may be achieved by the voltage pulsation technique. PMID- 7349878 TI - Thin-layer chromatography with agarose gels. A quick, simple method for evaluating liposome size. AB - Thin-layer gels can be made with agarose and used to assess within a few minutes the efficiency with which multilamellar vesicles are converted to small unilamellar ones by sonication. A fluroescent lipid marker or vesicle encapsulated solute permits continuous monitoring of the chromatography. Advantages over agarose gel column chromatography include speed of analysis, small sample size, the possibility of running multiple samples and simultaneously, and direct accessibility to fluorescence microscopy. This approach should also be useful in the study of liposome-lipoprotein interactions and in affinity chromatography of liposomes. PMID- 7349879 TI - [Mitochondrial sialyltransferase (author's transl)]. AB - A sialyl transferase activity is found in purified mitochondria. It is not due to residual contamination and this enzymatic system is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. This proves mitochondrial autonomy in regard to glyconconjugate sialylation. PMID- 7349880 TI - Externally disposed polypeptides of chick synaptosomal plasma membrane. Identification with pyridoxal phosphate and sodium borotritide. AB - The topographical distribution of polypeptides in chick brain synaptic plasma membrane was studied using pyridoxal phosphate-sodium borotritide labeling. Labeling of intact synaptosomes was restricted to the external surface only by very careful adjustment of the reaction conditions. Fourteen major external polypeptides were labeled. These had apparent molecular weights of 210 000, 160 000, 130 000, 100 000, 92 000, 82 000, 60 000, 52 000, 42 000, 34 000, 29 000, 26 000, 24 000, and 19 000. Most of the label was incorporated into the 42 000, 29 000 and 26 000 dalton polypeptides. PMID- 7349881 TI - Interactions of haemoglobin with erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in monomolecular lipid layers. AB - The role of red cell membrane lipids in the membrane-haemoglobin interaction was studied by measuring the surface potential and surface pressure of monomolecular lipid layers interacting with haemoglobin. Lipids of the outer and inner half of the red cell membrane were compared in respect to their haemoglobin-binding capacity. It was shown, that haemoglobin molecules interacted readily with the inner layer lipid film in acidic pH regions. This interaction is reduced as pH is increasing but still exists in the physiological pH range. It is in contrast with the increasing but still exists in the physiological pH range. It is in contrast with the findings for the outer layer lipid film, where only a partial interaction could be shown at pH 4, which was reduced to zero reaching the physiological pH range. It can be concluded from titration experiments that the process of haemoglobin binding as reflected in the measured parameters is irreversible. The result of this model experiments support the hypothesis on phosphatidylserine binding sites for haemoglobin in the inner side of red cell membrane. PMID- 7349882 TI - Inhibition by quercetin of activation of polymorphonuclear leucocyte functions. Stimulus-specific effects. AB - The effect of some bioflavonoids on the activation of polymorphonuclear leucocyte respiration and exocytosis was examined. At 10-5-10-4 M concentration, quercetin, but not morin and rutin, was found to inhibit the concanavalin A-induced enhancement of oxygen consumption markedly, without impairing leucocyte viability and concanavalin A binding. The inhibition could be reversed by either washing the leucocytes or adding a 10-fold molar excess of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate. Concanavalin A-dependent cell secretion of lysozyme was also totally inhibited by 30 muM quercetin. The effect of quercetin on the activation of leucocyte respiration appeared to be stimulus specific. In fact, at a concentration of the flavonoid (75 muM) which provided a 95% inhibition of the concanavalin A-induced stimulation, the respiratory activation produced by phospholipase C was inhibited by about 50% and that caused by myristic acid and by the antibiotic Br-X537A by less than 25%. These data suggest that quercetin exerts its activity at specific sites of the plasma membrane of the leucocytes, and that this compound might be used to identify the membrane domain whereon different stimuli act to originate the initial stimulatory signal. PMID- 7349883 TI - Local measurement of lateral motion in erythrocyte membranes by photobleaching technique. AB - The lateral diffusion coefficients (D) of the molecular fluorescence probe 3,3' dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide (DII) in the membrane of discoiderythrocyte ghosts has been measured with the photobleaching technique between 7 degrees C and 40 degrees C. A fluorescence microscope which allows bleaching experiments within small local fields (approx. 1 micron m2) at high magnification (X1600) has been used for these measurements. The diffusion coefficient increases from D = 9 10-10 cm2/s to D = 7.5 - 10-9 cm2/s from 7 to 40 degrees C. An increase in membrane fluidity between 12 degrees C and 17 degrees C indicates a conformational change of the lipid bilayer moiety in this temperature region. The diffusion coefficient measured in the regions between the spicules of echinocytes is appreciably smaller than in the untransformed discoid ghosts. In the myelin tubes originating from cells, the lateral diffusion is somewhat larger (about a factor of 2) than in the non-transformed ghosts. With the fluorescence probe technique the rate of growth of myelin tubes of 0.3 micronm diameter has been estimated. PMID- 7349884 TI - Differential miscibility properties of various phosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine mixtures. AB - Using enthalphy data from differential scanning calorimetry experiments and 13C NMR linewidths of specifically (N-Me-13C)-labelled lipids, the miscibility properties of phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines in liposomal dispersons have been investigated. It was found that 16 : 0 lysophosphatidylcholine mixes homogeneously in 16 : 0/16 : 0 phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Mixtures of 16 : 0 lysophosphatidylcholine with 18 : 1c/18 : 1c phosphatidylcholine, of 18 : 1c lysophosphatidylcholine with 16 : 0/16 : 0 phosphatidylcholine and of 18 : 1c lysophosphatidylcholine with 18 : 1c/18 : 1c phosphatidylcholine of exhibited immiscibility in the phosphatidylcholine gel state. PMID- 7349885 TI - I. Novel capacitative electrode with a wide frequency range for measurements of flash-induced changes of interface potential at the oil-water interface. Mechanical construction and electrical characteristics of the electrode. AB - The mechanical construction and the electrical properties of a new type of capacitative electrode for the oil-water interface are described. The electrode is designed to detect changes of the interface potential induced by photochemical, photophysical, and photobiological reactions occurring at the interface. The construction is based on capacitative coupling of two aqueous compartments separated by a thin Teflon film. Thereby, the oil-water interface is in horizontal position and the electrode is placed with its planar bottom about 10 micrometer above the interface. A main feature of the electrode is the transparency to visible light which is achieved by having a clear electrolyte solution in the inner compartment of the capacitative electrode. The aqueous subphase and the inner electrolyte are connected with Ag/AgCl electrodes to voltage amplifiers. The capacitative electrode is best operated under open circuit conditions. The frequency range experimentally verified is 500 MHz larger than or equal to 0.03 Hz. The sensitivity is mainly determined by the noise of the electronic amplifiers, typical 50-100 muV. PMID- 7349886 TI - Cell fusion, haemolysis and mitochondrial swelling induced by retinol and derivatives. AB - A comparative study has been made of the abilities of retinol and its derivatives to induce cell fusion and haemolysis of hen erythrocytes and to cause swelling of rat liver mitochondria. Retinol, retinaldehyde, alpha-retinoic acid, iso-13 retinol and to a lesser extent retinyl acetate were active in all three systems. Iso-13-retinoic acid was extremely membranolytic but did not produce stable fused cells. By contrast retinoic acid, its cyclopentyl derivative RO8-7699, and the long chain fatty acid esters of retinol, viz. the oleate, linoleate and palmitate esters, were neither fusogenic nor haemolytic, nor did they affect mitochondria. PMID- 7349887 TI - II. Electrical measurements in the nanosecond range of the charge separation from chloroplasts spread at a heptane-water interface. Application of a novel capacitive electrode. AB - Spinach chloroplasts are spread at a heptane-water interface. Applying a novel capacitative electrode introduced in the preceding paper (Trissl, H.-W. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 595, 82-95) the changes of the interface potential induced by single laser flashes are investigated. The following results are obtained: (1) The chloroplasts spread at the interface form a thin layer with asymmetrical orientation. The structural state of this layer is discussed. (2) The photovoltage from the interfacial layer shows similar characteristics as the field-indicating absorption change of chloroplast suspensions, the latter reflecting the photosynthetic primary charge separation: (a) Both can be abolished by addition of 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. (b) About one half of the signals can be reactivated by addition of N-methyl-phenazonium methosulfate. (c) Both signals saturate at low flash light intensities. (d) Both signals can be abolished by background illumination of comparable intensities. (e) Both signals are independent of the ionic strength. (3) The half-rise time of the photovoltage is determined to be less than 3 ns. It is suggested from these results that the photovoltage from the interfacial layer reflects the primary charge separation process in photosynthesis, i.e. the latter is accomplished also within less than 3 ns. PMID- 7349888 TI - An evaluation of chemicals and industrial processes associated with cancer in humans based on human and animal data: IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 20. AB - An international ad hoc Working Group of experts in cancer research met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in January 1979 to evaluate the data on human and experimental animal carcinogenicity for 54 chemicals, groups of chemicals, and industrial processes. Monographs for these chemicals were published in Vols. 1 to 20 of the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Based on evidence from human studies, 18 of the 54 chemicals or industrial processes are human carcinogens. A further 18 chemicals are probably carcinogenic for humans, although the data were considered not adequate to establish a causal association. To reflect differing degrees of evidence of carcinogenicity within this group, the chemicals were further subdivided, with 6 chemicals exhibiting a high degree of evidence and 12 chemicals exhibiting a lower degree. Data on the remaining 18 chemicals were considered insufficient to allow any evaluation of carcinogenicity. The report summarizes the background, purpose, and overall conclusions of the Working Group. The evidence supporting the evaluations is given in the "Appendix." PMID- 7349889 TI - Characterization of pulmonary arene oxide biotransformation using the perfused rabbit lung. PMID- 7349890 TI - Comparison of pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent thymidine infusions in a Phase I trial. AB - The serum half-life of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) in humans is best described as a biexponential decay function, with t1/2 alpha = 7.8 +/- 2.6 (S.E.) min and t1/2 beta = 36.8 +/- 13.5 min during initial courses of this drug alone. Pharmacokinetics of 5-FUra during courses of daily therapy (for 5 days) revealed prolongation of t1/2 in both components of the decay curve, which has not been previously reported. Despite the efficacy of thymidine (dThd) given as a continous i.v. infusion of 8 g/sq m/day in prevention of high-dose methotrexate toxicity, continuous infusion of dThd at this dose does not prevent the toxicity of 5-FUra orreverse inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis by 5-fura. On the contrary, continuous infusion of dThd appears to increase the toxicity of 5-FUra during continuous dThd infusion revealed prolongation of the 5-FUra t1/2 which remained stable through the course of 5 days of 5-FUra with dThd. This protracted t1/2 is believed to account at least in part for the increased toxicity of 5-FUra with dThd. Dose-limiting mucositis, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal toxicity were observed at 5-FUra doses ranging from one-half to two-thirds the customarily tolerated dose of 5-FUra alone in similar courses of daily bolus therapy (for 5 days). PMID- 7349891 TI - Comparison of the hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene with the metabolism of vinyl chloride, N-nitrosomorpholine, and N-nitroso-N'-methylpiperazine to mutagens by human and rat liver microsomal fractions. PMID- 7349892 TI - Clinical characteristics, DNA repair, and complementation groups in xeroderma pigmentosum patients from Egypt. AB - Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) has been reported to be unusually frequent among Middle Eastern populations. This report describes the first survey of DNA repair characteristics among Egyptians. Sixteen XP patients were contacted, and biopsies from eight were analyzed for unscheduled DNA synthesis, strand breakage during pyrimidine dimer excision, and complementation groups. The patients were equally distributed between Complementation Groups A and C. Unscheduled synthesis and strand breaks were significantly higher in Group C than in Group A cells. Central nervous system disorders were found in all of the Group A patients and in none of the Group C patients. No clinical symptoms were observed in the heterozygotes. A 2-month-old sib of an XP patient was free of symptoms, but unscheduled synthesis and strand breakage in cultures from this sib were the same as in the related XP homozygote. From the relative frequencies of each complementation group found in various parts of the world, we offer a hypothesis concerning the relative sizes and roles for gene products specified by the alleles or genes corresponding to each complementation group. PMID- 7349893 TI - Ultrastructral changes induced by 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in L1210 lymphocytic leukemia cells in mice. AB - Ultrastructural changes in L1210 leukemic cells infiltrated in the sinusoid of mouse liver after treatment with a single dose of a newly developed antitumor agent, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride, were observed by electron microscopy. In the earliest stage after injection of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea hydrochloride in tumor-bearing mice, marked changes were observed in both nucleolar and cytoplasmic ultrastructures. At 48 hr after administration, numerous Golgi complexes were observed in the cytoplasm, and lysosome-like granules also increased. The most striking change after treatment with 3-[(4 amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride, however, occurred in the nucleolus. The chromatin was condensed, tending to collect near the nuclear membrane. Segregation of the nucleolar constituents was observed in the nucleus. Many necrobiotic cells were also observed within the liver sinusoid at this stage. PMID- 7349894 TI - Single-agent chemotherapy of a solid murine tumor assayed by growth delay and cell survival. PMID- 7349895 TI - Kinetics of cyclophosphamide biotransformation in vivo. PMID- 7349896 TI - Transplantation of human malignant mesothelioma into nude mice. AB - Human pleural malignant mesothelioma was successfully transplanted into nude mice from 2 of 3 patients. The tumor implants of the first generation grew in 6 of 20 mice (30%), with a take of implants of 17 of 32 (53%). Overall, tumors grew from 52 of 80 mice (65%) in a total of 169 of 266 implants (64%) during the first four generations. The mean delay between transplantation and tumor growth was 46 days (range, 18 to 104 days). Pathological examination by light and electron microscopy confirmed the nature of the growing tumors in nude mice. Pathology of transplanted tumors was grossly similar to the human tumors in both first- and second-generation transplants. Up to eight generations have been presently carried out with presence of a human karyotype in transplanted tumors. The potential usefulness of this model with particular reference to chemosensitivity of these tumors will be investigated. PMID- 7349897 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. PMID- 7349898 TI - Mutagenic activity in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid. PMID- 7349899 TI - Carcinogenicity in rats of nitrosomethylethylamines labeled with deuterium in several positions. AB - Nitrosomethylethylamine and four of its derivatives labeled with deuterium at various positions were administered to male Fischer 344 rats in drinking water at equimolar doses for 30 weeks. The doses were 30 and 6 mg/liter at the rate of 3 and 0.6 mg/week, approximately. The rats receiving the higher doses died earlier and had more tumors than those given the lower doses. At both dose levels, nitrosomethylethyl-1-d2-amine and nitrosomethylethyl-d5-amine were more effective carcinogens than was unsubstituted nitrosomethylethylamine. Rats died earlier and more of them had tumors after receiving the deuterium-labeled compounds. Nitrosomethyl-d3-ethylamine and nitrosomethyl-d3-ethyl-d5-amine did not greatly differ in carcinogenic effectiveness from the unsubstituted compound. Both nitrosamines having deuterium in the methyl portion of the ethyl group, nitrosomethylethul-d5-amine and nitrosomethyl-d3-ethyl-d5-amine, induced esophageal tumors as well as liver tumors in the rats. PMID- 7349900 TI - Insignificant tumor bed effect after pretransplantation hyperthermia. AB - Effect of pretransplantation hyperthermia of tumor bed on tumor growth was studied. Experimental tumors were isotransplants of a fibrosarcoma which arose spontaneously in C3Hf/Sed mice. The pretransplantation hyperthermia was given at 43.5 degrees fro 120 min by immersing the mouse foot into a constant temperature water bath. This treatment resulted in a similar foot reaction to a single gamma ray dose of 3500 rads, namely, complete epilation or partial moist desquamation. The pretransplantation hyperthermia failed to retard tumor growth, while the concurrent experiment on pretransplantation irradiation demonstrated marked retardation of tumor growth. No retardation was observed when tumor cells were transplanted into the contralateral untreated feet or into the untreated skin. PMID- 7349901 TI - An inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation produced by a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line in culture. AB - The culture fluid taken from a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line, SKCO-1, inhibited mitogenic stimulation of mouse lymphocytes measured by reductions in blast information or [3H]thymidine uptake. The inhibitor was not cytotoxic to lymphocytes nor did it alter the growth rates of 21 other cell lines examined. However, the in vitro growth rates of two murine lymphoid tumor lines were also markedly reduced by the SKCO-1 medium. The tumor cell culture media could be added up to 40 hr after concanavalin A stimulation and still effect complete inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake. A similar inhibition was observed for phytohemagglutinin (from red kidney bean), lipopolysaccharide, and mixed lymphocyte response assays. The inhibitor has a molecular weight of greater than 100,000 and is stable to heat and ultraviolet radiation, but is destroyed by mild periodate oxidation. The inhibitor may play a role in immunosuppression. PMID- 7349902 TI - Effect of dihydroxyanthraquinone and radiation on G2 progression. AB - The effect of dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), a potential anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, on the progression of Chinese hamster ovary cells into mitosis and on the division delay induced by ionizing radiation was studied using the mitotic selection procedure for cell cycle analysis. Following the addition of DHAQ, the number of mitotic cells selected from an asynchronous population remained unaltered for a refractory period and then decreased. This effect was concentration dependent with transition points between the S/G2 boundary at 10( 4) micrograms/ml and the G2/M boundary at greater than or equal to 10(2) micrograms/ml. The duration of the transient division delay was dependent upon the concentration of drug used and the duration of pulse exposure. When cells were treated with pulses of DHAQ in addition to X-irradiation, there was no change in the location of the radiation transition point. There was an increase in the duration of division delay compared to that produced by X-ray alone that was dependent upon the concentration and duration of drug treatment. The effect of DHAW is similar to that of other cancer chemotherapeutic agents (Adriamycin, bleomycin, and lucanthone), and the same cautions should therefore be considered when combining DHAQ and radiation for clinical use. PMID- 7349903 TI - Direct determination of the influence of the cell cycle on the survival of tumor cells exposed to cytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 7349904 TI - DNA methylase inhibition in vitro by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Several alkylating carcinogens were tested for their ability to inhibit DNA methylation in an in vitro assay. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was the only carcinogen studied that altered the methylase activity. It was further demonstrated that MNNG reacts with the DNA methylase protein and produces a mixed type of inhibition. Prevention of the MNNG effect by dithiothreitol and inhibition of the DNA methylase with iodoacetamide suggest that DNA methylase is a sulfhydryl-containing enzyme and that MNNG inactivates the enzyme by reacting with sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 7349905 TI - Effect of lactate dehydrogenase virus on chemically induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase virus is the third in a series of viruses which have been examined for the capacity to alter chemically induced mouse lung tumorigenesis. This virus was given to strain A mice by i.p. injection either 4 weeks before, on the same days as, 4 weeks after, or 8 weeks after the s.c. injection of urethan (either 0.25 or 1.0 mg/g). The pulmonary adenoma response to urethan was suppressed in all of the lactate dehydrogenase-infected mice, with a maximum suppression of 30 to 40% when the virus was given simultaneously with or 4 weeks after urethan. As with murine sarcoma virus and reovirus, it is postulated that this suppression of chemically induced mouse lung tumorigenesis is due to virally induced alterations in the immune response of the mouse to chemically induced tumors. PMID- 7349906 TI - Activation of nitrosamines to mutagens by postmitochondrial fraction of hamster pancreas. PMID- 7349907 TI - Pharmacological disposition of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate in humans. AB - The pharmacological disposition of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), an antitumor transition state analog currently in clinical trial, has been studied in 19 patients after i.v. administration of the agent at doses ranging from 800 to 5000 mg/sq m; PALA in biological specimens was assayed enzymatically, advantage being taken of its inhibition of L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) PALA disappeared from plasma biexponentially, with an average terminal t 1/2 of 5.3 hr. It was excreted in the urine unchanged; the 24-hr cumulative excretion was 85% of the administered dose. The average total clearance was 1.60 ml/kg/min and was linearly related to creatinine clearance, suggesting that in humans PALA is essentially cleared by glomerular filtration. The apparent volume of distribution of PALA was 309 ml/kg, approximately the sulfate space in humans. PALA penetrated into the central nervous system only to a limited extent. Tumor L aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity was also measured before and 1.5 hr to 6 days after PALA administration; in all eight studies, a notable decrease in enzyme activity was observed. PMID- 7349908 TI - A preneoplastic stage in the spontaneous neoplastic transformation of syrian hamster embryo cells in culture. AB - Spontaneous neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture occurs in at least two steps. An intermediate stage is represented by an aneuploid cell line which is preneoplastic. These cells differ from the diploid cells by a number of properties, including their ability to become neoplastic in vivo when injected while attached to a substrate. These results support a multistep process for neoplastic transformation of cells in vitro and caution against considering aneuploid cell lines as "normal" cells. PMID- 7349909 TI - Effects of sympathetic and vagal nerves on recovery properties of the endocardium and epicardium of the canine left ventricle. PMID- 7349910 TI - Functional and morphological organization of the rabbit sinus node. AB - In isolated right atria of the rabbit heart, we studied the activation pattern within the sinus node, using the microelectrode technique. After the electrophysiological experiments, the preparations were subjected to a correlative morphological investigation, using light or electron microscopy. Different criteria for defining the dominant pacemaker were compared. A group of at least 5000 cells, located within the central part of the node where the most characteristic tissue architecture was found, was considered to be responsible for generation of the impulse. At the ultrastructural level, this leading cell group appeared to be part of a larger uniform cell group. The number of gap junctions observed suggests that all nodal cells are coupled by these structures. Toward the periphery, the excitation wave was propagated preferentially in an oblique cranial direction toward the crista terminalis. Neither morphologically nor electrophysiologically specific pathways were found for the conduction, but the preferential direction could be explained by the tissue architecture. PMID- 7349911 TI - Alveolar hypoxia increases lung fluid filtration in unanesthetized newborn lambs. PMID- 7349912 TI - Effects of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine, verapamil, and AHR-2666 on Ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations in canine Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7349913 TI - Oxygen consumption in subepicardial and subendocardial regions of the canine left ventricle. The effect of experimental acute valvular aortic stenosis. AB - Moderate and severe levels of experimental valvular aortic stenosis (VAS) were produced in anesthetized, open-chest dogs to determine the effects of VAS on subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) blood flow, O2 extraction, and O2 consumption (MVO2). Regional flow was determined by microspheres, and O2 saturation and extraction were analyzed by a three-wavelength absorbance microspectrophotometric method. Left ventricular pressure-volume work increased by 49% in moderate and 135% in severe VAS. The ENDO:EPI flow ratio averaged 1.21 +/- 0.09 in controls and decreased to 0.90 +/- 0.16 in moderate and 0.89 +/- 0.09 in severe VAS, and coronary flow increased by 40% and 58%, respectively. O2 extraction increased with both moderate and severe VAS, with extraction being higher in the ENDO than the EPI. MVO2 increased more in severe VAS than in moderate VAS. The ENDO:EPI MVO2 ratios fell to 1.10 (moderate) and to 0.84 (severe) from 1.44 in controls. We conclude that the O2 supply and consequently the MVO2 became limited in the ENDO relative to that in the EPI by simultaneous limitation of the O2 extraction reserve and the blood flow to this region during the increased O2 requirements imposed by experimentally induced VAS. PMID- 7349914 TI - A comparison of angiotensin II and angiotensin III as vasoconstrictors in the mesenteric circulation of dogs. PMID- 7349915 TI - Asymmetry of consequences of drug disposition mechanisms in the wall of the rabbit aorta. PMID- 7349916 TI - Functional, morphological, and metabolic abnormalities of the cerebral microcirculation after concussive brain injury in cats. PMID- 7349917 TI - Neural effects on sinus rate and atrioventricular conduction produced by electrical stimulation from a transvenous electrode catheter in the canine right pulmonary artery. PMID- 7349918 TI - Evidence and quantification of the vasopressin arterial pressure control system in the dog. PMID- 7349919 TI - Effects of preload on the transmural distribution of perfusion and pressure-flow relationships in the canine coronary vascular bed. PMID- 7349920 TI - Responses of the heart to stimulation of aortic body chemoreceptors in dogs. AB - We stimulated the aortic chemoreceptors in dogs that were anesthetized with chloralose and artificially ventilated by perfusing the isolated aortic arch with venous blood. Inotropic responses were determined by measuring the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt max) with aortic pressure and heart rate held constant. Stimulation of the aortic chemoreceptors resulted in an average increase in heart rate of 14 +/- 2.0 beats/min (mean +/- SE) from 166 +/- 7.7 beats/min and an increase in dP/dt max of 501 +/- 85 mm Hg/sec from 3508 +/- 154 mm Hg/sec. These changes were statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The afferent pathway of the reflex was shown to be in the vagus nerves and the efferent pathway in the cardiac sympathetic nerves. In some of the dogs, the carotid chemoreceptors were also stimulated. This resulted in decreases in heart rate and dP/dt max of 48 +/- 24 beats/min and 795 +/- 142 mm Hg/sec. Thus we have shown that stimulation of aortic chemoreceptors evokes chronotropic and inotropic responses opposite to those evoked from stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors. PMID- 7349921 TI - In vivo assessment in sheep of thromboresistant materials by determination of platelet survival. AB - The thromboresistance of 13 potentially blood-compatible polymers was assessed in sheep by determining survival of 51Cr-labeled platelets. Polymer tubing (120-150 cm x 2.0-2.3 mm i.d.) coiled around the neck was incorporated into the circulation through silicone rubber connectors as a carotid artery-external jugular vein shunt. The mean platelet half-life in control animals ("shunt control") was 78.2 +/- 2.8 (SEM) hours. Eleven of the 13 polymers tested significantly shortened platelet half-life. Polyvinyl chloride (T1/2 = 45.4 +/- 3.0 hours), polyperfluoro ethylene (T1/2 = 47.0 +/-1.6 hours), and a polymethylacrylate (PMA)/acrilonitrile copolymer (T1/2 = 50.7 +/- 7.0 hours) produced the greatest shortening. Only silica-free polydimethyl siloxane (T1/2 = 74.7 +/- 4.9 hours) and PMA (T1/2 = 81.5 +/- 3.4 hours) were indistinguishable from shunt controls. Pretreatment of PMA tubing with autologous plasma in a paired trial significantly increased platelet half-life (P less than 0.05 vs. untreated PMA). This system offers an economical, reproducible, sensitive, and biologically relevant method for assessment of the reactivity of artificial surfaces with platelets. PMID- 7349922 TI - Effects of rapid stimulation on the transmembrane action potentials of rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells. AB - We studied the mechanism of post-overdrive suppression in superfused rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells. Small specimens of sinus node tissue isolated from rabbit hearts were driven at a fast rate (overdrive) for 10-120 seconds using single sucrose gap methods. During the control perfusion (35 degrees C Tyrode's solution), overdrive caused a progressive decrease in maximum diastolic potential (MDP), overshoot (OS), and maximum rate of depolarization at phase 0 [dV/dt)max]. After cessation of the overdrive, the rate of diastolic depolarization decreased, and the spontaneous activity was suppressed temporarily (post-overdrive suppression). MDP, OS, (dV/dt)max, and the spontaneous activity returned within a few seconds to the level observed before overdrive. Atropine (2 x 10(-6) g/ml) did not influence the effects of overdrive. After ouabain administration (3 x 10( 7) g/ml) or in low temperature perfusate (25 degrees C), the effects of overdrive were accentuated, and a marked suppression of spontaneous activity with a long pause of over several seconds was seen following the overdrive. These results suggest that the post-overdrive suppression of sinus node is attributable, at least in part, to ionic shifts following overdrive, and may be potentiated by metabolic dysfunction of pacemaker cells. PMID- 7349923 TI - Biostatistics: how to detect, correct and prevent errors in the medical literature. AB - Approximately half the articles published in medical journals that use statistical methods use them incorrectly. These errors are so widespread that the present system of peer review has not been able to control them. This article presents a few rules of thumb to help readers identify questionable statistical analysis and estimate what the authors would have concluded had they used appropriate statistical methods. To prevent such errors from appearing, journals should secure review by someone knowledgeable in statistics before accepting a manuscript. In addition, human research committees should insist that an investigator define an appropriate strategy for data analysis before approving a protocol. Such policies should quickly and effectively increase the reliability of the clinical and scientific literature. PMID- 7349924 TI - Pulsatile aortopulmonary pressure-flow dynamics of patent ductus arteriosus in patients with various hemodynamic states. PMID- 7349925 TI - Left atrioventricular valve atresia: clinical management. PMID- 7349926 TI - Observer variance in the qualitative evaluation of left ventricular wall motion and the quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction using rest and exercise multigated blood pool imaging. PMID- 7349927 TI - Accuracy and reproducibility of new M-mode echocardiographic recommendations for measuring left ventricular dimensions. AB - In order to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) method for measuring left ventricular dimensions on M-mode echocardiograms, we measured the end-diastolic (Dd) and end systolic (Ds) dimensions by the ASE method and our current technique in 50 normal subjects and 24 patients without coronary artery disease who had symmetrically contracting ventricles on cineangiography. Dd and Ds were significantly greater by the proposed ASE method than by our current technique (p less than 0.001), but the correlation between the two was good (r = 0.93 and 0.83, respectively). In 10 of the normal subjects, the interobserver variability of both methods was excellent. In the 24 patients, the proposed method consistently overestimated the angiographic left ventricular volumes compared with our current technique and occasionally the discrepancies were quite large. Therefore, the proposed ASE method for measuring left ventricular dimensions is not clearly superior to other currently available techniques. PMID- 7349928 TI - Detection and estimation of the degree of mitral regurgitation by range-gated pulsed doppler echocardiography. AB - Sensitivity and specificity of detection of mitral regurgitation was assessed by range-gated Doppler echocardiography. The degree of mitral regurgitation was also estimated by the depth and width of the regurgitant jet detected with Doppler and compared with that assessed by left ventriculography. Of 47 patients with an adequate Doppler study, 24 had no mitral regurgitation by ventriculography. All but one were also negative for mitral regurgitation by Doppler, for a specificity of 96%. Of 23 cases with mitral regurgitation documented by ventriculography, Doppler detected mitral regurgitation in 21, for a sensitivity of 92%. Two cases with mitral regurgitation undiagnosed by Doppler had mild mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle dysfunction. All cases with rheumatic mitral regurgitation were detected. The degree of mitral regurgitation estimated with Doppler had a high correlation with that determined by ventriculography (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). PMID- 7349929 TI - Limitations of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular size and function in aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7349931 TI - Electrophysiology of coronary reperfusion. A mechanism for reperfusion arrhythmias. PMID- 7349930 TI - Trading arrhythmia for atrioventricular block. PMID- 7349932 TI - The Belgian heart disease prevention project. Modification of the coronary risk profile in an industrial population. AB - The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project is a controlled, multifactorial prevention trial involving 19,390 males aged 40-59 years employed by 30 Belgian industries. These industries were paired and randomized into a control or intervention unit. In each intervention factory, the subjects from the two highest deciles of a coronary risk-score distribution curve were given individual advice twice a year. A health education campaign was also organized in each intervention factory. In the control group, 10% of randomly chosen subjects had the same baseline examination as the whole of the intervention group. After 2 years, high-risk subjects and random samples of the control and intervention group were compared regarding the coronary risk profile by means of a multiple logistic function (MLF). In the intervention high-risk group, the MLF showed a decrease of 20%, and in the control group there was an increment of 12.5% (p less than 0.001). Comparing the random samples an increment of 25% was found in the control group vs a drop of 2.26 in the intervention group (p less than 0.001). The coronary risk profile can be altered in a middle-aged male working population through mass media health education supplemented by face-to-face counseling in high-risk subjects. PMID- 7349933 TI - Characteristics of reflection as a mechanism of reentrant arrhythmias and its relationship to parasystole. AB - A model of "reflection" was developed in a sucrose gap preparation of Purkinje fibers. In this preparation, a driven impulse on the proximal side of a sucrose gap is electrotonically transmitted after a delay to the tissue distal to the gap. When the delay is long enough, electrotonic transmission in the reverse direction over the same blocked segment can reexcite the proximal segment. Frequency-dependent alterations of patterns of ectopic activity were qualitatively similar to those of a parasystolic model and to those described in previous in vivo demonstrations presumed to represent circus movement reentry. Moderate changes of frequency or in the degree of block were shown to convert a manifest bigeminal rhythm to a trigeminal or more complex rhythm with or without intervening periods of silence. Our observations suggest that reflection and parasystolic pacemaker activity are examples of a continuous spectrum of ectopic impulse generation. PMID- 7349934 TI - Recurrent myocardial infarction in a young man due to coronary arterial spasm demonstrated at autopsy. AB - A case is presented, believed to be the first reported, describing recurrent myocardial infarction in an athletic 25-year-old man due to coronary arterial spasm, which was demonstrated at autopsy. A previous angiogram performed during life, after the first myocardial infarction, showed normal coronary arteries. The findings in this case are discussed with a review of the current knowledge pertaining to coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 7349935 TI - Amiodarone. PMID- 7349936 TI - Antiarrhythmic therapy: quinidine gluconate vs procainamide. PMID- 7349937 TI - American Heart Association Established Investigator program. PMID- 7349938 TI - Gated imaging for left ventricular volume measurement. PMID- 7349939 TI - In-hospital prognosis of patients with first nontransmural and transmural infarctions. AB - We studied the in-hospital mortality and morbidity of 745 patients who had suffered a first myocardial infarction. One hundred twenty-four patients (16.6%) had nontransmural infarction and 621 (83.4%) had transmural infarction. Both groups of patients were similar in the distribution of age, sex, and coronary risk factors. Patients with nontransmural infarction had a significantly lower mortality (3% vs 11%, p less than 0.01) and a lower prevalence of premature ventricular complexes (81% vs 88%, p less than 0.05). The patients with transmural infarction were distributed evenly among the three subgroups with peak SGOT levels less than 120 units, 120-240 units and more than 240 units (31%, 34% and 35%, respectively), while most patients with nontransmural infarction (60%) had peak SGOT levels less than 120 units (p less than 0.0001). When the in hospital mortality and morbidity were compared between the parallel subgroups, the prognosis of patients with the two types of infarctions was similar. This study shows that the peak SGOT level is more important than the type of infarction in determining the acute mortality and morbidity of first myocardial infarction. PMID- 7349940 TI - The dependence of accumulation of 13NH3 by myocardium on metabolic factors and its implications for quantitative assessment of perfusion. PMID- 7349941 TI - Detection of multivessel coronary disease after myocardial infarction using exercise stress testing and multiple ECG lead systems. PMID- 7349942 TI - Multiple-lead QRS changes with exercise testing. Diagnostic value and hemodynamic implications. AB - To evaluate the diagnostic potential and hemodynamic significance of exercise induced multiple-lead QRS changes, we studied exercise test responses in 230 patients with chest pain syndromes undergoing Bruce protocol exercise tests. When increases in the R waves of multiple ECG leads (epsilon R) plus ST segment change greater than 1 mm were present, 74 of 75 patients (99%) had coronary disease; this was a higher percentage than that achieved with either measurement alone or when ST change was combined with increase in R in a single lead. Sixty-four of the 75 patients (85%) had multivessel disease, the most severe form of coronary artery disease. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (both at rest and after left ventriculography), presence and degree of resting ventricular asynergy, and ejection fraction were all significantly more abnormal in patients whose epsilon R increased, regardless of ST-segment change. Further, in patients who stopped exercise because of cardiac symptoms, exercise duration and the product of heart rate times blood pressure were significantly lower when epsilon R increased. Thus, the mechanism for the increase in epsilon R with exercise in patients with coronary artery disease appears to be related to abnormalities in left ventricular function. PMID- 7349943 TI - Production of circulating platelet aggregates by exercise in coronary patients. PMID- 7349944 TI - Effect of coronary arterial pressure on coronary stenosis resistance. PMID- 7349945 TI - Evaluation of transluminal angioplasty of chronic coronary artery stenosis. Value and limitations assessed in fresh human cadaver hearts. AB - The possibility of increasing reduced blood flow in atherosclerotic coronary obstruction by catheter balloon dilatation offers a nonsurgical approach to relieve clinical coronary stenosis. To assess the ability of effectively dilating such diseased vessels by transluminal angioplasty, we used the Gruntzig balloon tipped catheter in 12 fresh human cadaver hearts in which the intervention was performed in 21 noncalcified stenotic areas, including each of the three major coronary arteries. Quantitative coronary arteriography documented decreased obstruction of each lesion; luminal diameter increased 58% (1.9 +/- 0.2 mm to 2.8 +/- 0.3; p less than 0.001) and luminal diameter relative to the most proximal normal coronary segment diminished 61% (46 +/- 4% to 18 +/- 3%; p less than 0.001). Angioplasty was most successfully applied in proximal, discrete, noncalcified lesions of the right and left anterior descending coronaries; calcified, tortuous, middle and distal lesions and the left circumflex coronary were entered with difficulty or unapproachable. Histologic examination revealed microanatomic changes, most often endothelial disruption and atheroma compression, but no serious vascular tears. Dilatation beyond normal coronary diameter caused vessel rupture. This study extends elucidation of the value and limitations of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the clinical use of this technique in selected patients for relieving coronary obstruction without surgery. PMID- 7349946 TI - Distribution and anomalies of coronary arteries in tetralogy of fallot. AB - The surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot (TF) may be complicated by anomalies in the course and distribution of coronary arteries. Selective coronary angiography was performed in 119 cases of TF in order to prevent injury of aberrant vessels. In 11 patients, anomalies in the origin of coronary branches were revealed (five patients with a single coronary ostium, five with the anterior descending coronary artery arising from the right coronary artery or right sinus of Valsalva, and one with the circumflex artery arising from the right coronary artery). Other findings include anastomoses between coronary and bronchial arteries, small fistulas between coronary arteries and the pulmonary artery or right atrium, and hypoplasia of the coronary tree. The onset of left anterior hemiblock after total correction of TF could possibly be explained, in cases with a dominant left pattern, by injury to the coronary system after closure of the interventricular septal defect, rather than by injury to the conduction system. PMID- 7349947 TI - Infant endotracheal tube resistance: effects of changing length, diameter, and gas density. AB - Endotracheal tube resistance may increase upper airway resistance and the work of breathing beyond the normal range in adults of children who are chronically intubated and receiving intermittent mandatory ventilation. The purpose of this study was to measure the resistance of infant endotracheal tubes (IETTs) over the range of normal infant respiratory flows while systematically changing length, diameter, and carrier gas density. Resistance was measured in IETTs of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm inner diameter at flows increasing from 10--150 ml/sec, using both air and 80% helium- 20% oxygen (He-O2) as the carrier gases. Tube length was progressively shortened from full length to 4.8 cm in 2-cm increments, and resistance to both air and He-O2 was measured at all lengths. Reynolds' number calculations and the relationship of resistance to flow showed the flow regime in IETTs to be transitional in nature. Increasing tube diameter, decreasing length, or decreasing gas density led to large decreases in IETT flow resistance. Over the range of normal infant flows, IETT resistance is equal to or higher than that of the normal upper aiaway. IETT resistance might increase the work of breathing in some infants to the point of respiratory failure, and such resistance may be lowered by systematic changes in IETT diameter, length, or carrier gas density. PMID- 7349948 TI - Helium-oxygen mixtures during bronchoscopy. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated patients has been limited to endotracheal tubes of 8.0--8.5 mm diameter. When performed through smaller tubes, pressures exceeding ventilator limits may occur, alveolar ventilation may become impaired, or progressive hyperinflation from airway obstruction during expiration may result. In this study, the efficacy of a 70% helium-30% oxygen ventilating gas mixture was compared to 30% oxygen in air in a laboratory mechanical lung analog and during 15 bronchoscopies in 7 intubated patients. One patient with a 7.5 mm tube was studied. With the helium-oxygen mixture, ventilator pressures were not exceeded, alveolar ventilation was uncompromised, and hyperinflation did not occur. Bronchoscopy may be safely performed through endotracheal tubes smaller than 8.0 mm using a helium-oxygen mixture. PMID- 7349949 TI - Specific water-soluble binding sites for serum insulin-like peptides in human and animal tissues. PMID- 7349950 TI - Comparative receptor-binding properties of heptapeptide and octapeptide antagonists of angiotensin II in rat adrenal glomerulosa and uterine smooth muscle. PMID- 7349951 TI - Effects of various gastrointestinal peptides on gastric somatostatin release. AB - Effects of various gastrointestinal peptides on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied. After isolation of the stomach in a fasted rat by the method of Lefebvre and preperfusion with 4.6% dextran-Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 5.5 mM glucose, each peptide was infused into the left gastric artery at a constant rate for 15 min. Secretin and bombesin caused a significant increase of gastric somatostatin release in a dose-related manner (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Gastric somatostatin release was also stimulated after the administration of pentagastrin (10(-8)-10(-6) M). In contrast, both methionine-enkephalin and substance P decreased gastric somatostatin release in a dose-related manner (10(-8)-10(-6) M), whereas neurotensin (10(-8)-10(-6) M) failed to change it significantly. The present results suggest that these various gastrointestinal peptides may regulate gastric somatostatin secretion. PMID- 7349952 TI - Role of angiotensin in the osmotic control of vasopressin release by the organ cultured rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. AB - Angiotensin II (AII) appears to either mediate or modulate osmotically stimulated vasopressin (VP) release by the organ-cultured rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. Saralasin, an AII antagonist, blocked VP release in response to a 10 mosmol increment in culture medium osmolality achieved by the addition of NaCl. This was observed at all concentrations tested (10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-4) M). Saralasin (10(-4) M) also blocked VP release in response to a comparable mannitol induced increase in osmolality. Since nicotinic-cholinergic antagonists previously were shown to inhibit osmotically stimulated VP release, the effect of hexamthonium, a nicotinic, a nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist, on AII-stimulated VP release was examined. Hexamethonium (10(-5)-10(-3) M) was ineffective in blocking AII stimulation of VP release. This finding coupled with the previous observation that saralasin does not block acetylcholine stimulation of VP release suggests independent AII and cholinergic mechanisms controlling VP release; however, the effectiveness of both types of antagonists in blocking osmotically stimulated VP release indicates some interaction between these regulators of VP release. PMID- 7349953 TI - The binding and degradation of insulin by rat liver membranes: demonstration of three distinct insulin-binding components in detergent-solubilized material from liver plasma membrane. PMID- 7349954 TI - The effect of somatostatin on the hepatic extraction of insulin and glucagon in the anesthetized dog. AB - Effects of somatostatin (250 ng/kg . min) or saline infusion on hepatic extraction of endogenous and exogenous insulin and glucagon were investigated in anesthetized dogs. After a 20-min control period, somatostatin or saline was infused into the superior mesenteric vein for 100 min. During the final 50 min of the somatostatin or saline infusion, insulin (1.7 mU/kg . min) and glucagon (20 ng/kg . min) were also infused. These infusions were then replaced with a saline infusion for an additional 30 min. Somatostatin rapidly and significantly decreased portal vein insulin and glucagon concentrations. Hepatic extraction of endogenous insulin decreased from the control value of 61 +/- 5% to 29 +/- 10% during the final 20 min of somatostatin infusion before exogenous insulin and glucagon were added to the infusion. The decrease in hepatic extraction of endogenous insulin is based on the mean of the individual values of the eight dogs in the group and may be spurious because of the very low concentrations of insulin which were being measured and the fact that at such low concentrations, some dogs appeared to have negative hepatic extraction of inulin. Glucagon extraction was unchanged (9 +/- 6% compared to 7 +/- 12%) during the first 50 min of infusion of somatostatin. Column chromatography demonstrated that the 3500 mol wt fraction of glucagon comprised 75 +/- 4% of the total glucagon immunoreactivity in the portal vein during the control period and 67 +/- 13% during the infusion of somatostatin. During the final 20 min of somatostatin infusion before the addition of insulin and glucagon, the blood glucose significantly decreased and hepatic glucose output fell from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.3 mg/kg . min. However, the insulin to glucagon (3500 mol wt fraction) molar ratio did not change significantly (4.2 +/- 1.1 to 2.6 +/- 0.5). During the final 20 min of the combined infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon, hepatic extraction of insulin returned to control values and glucagon extraction rose from 7 +/- 12% to 35 +/- 11%. Hepatic glucose output increased without any significant change in the portal vein insulin to glucagon molar ratio. After the termination of the combined infusion, hepatic extraction of insulin was unchanged, but glucagon removal returned to control values. At this time, the portal vein insulin to glucagon ratio rose, and hepatic production of glucose fell below control values. These results demonstrate that somatostatin may influence peripheral insulin and glucagon values by modifying their hepatic extraction and inhibiting their pancreatic secretion. Hepatic glucose output did not always reflect the portal vein insulin to glucagon molar ratio. PMID- 7349955 TI - Quantification of daily melatonin synthesis in the hamster pineal gland. PMID- 7349956 TI - Radioimmunologic detection and measurement of nonapeptides in the pineal gland. AB - RIAs have been developed for the nonapeptide hormones arginine vasotocin (AVT), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and oxytocin (OT). The AVP RIA can detect as little as 2 pg hormone and shows essentially no cross-reactivity with AVT or OT. The OT RIA is sensitive to 7 pg and shows no significant cross-reactivity with AVP or AVT. The AVT RIA is sensitive to about 5 pg; some cross-reactivity occurs with OT and AVP, but the RIA is suitable for assaying AVT levels in biological samples containing OT and/or AVP in concentrations up to 5 times greater than that of AVT. Using these RIAs, we found large amounts of AVT (up to 1.48 microgram/gland) in the chicken pituitary but no AVP or OT. The chicken pineal also contained AVT (about 300 pg/gland) and lacked AVP and OT. Bovine pineal glands appeared to contain all three peptides in roughly similar amounts (200-400 pg/gland). Pineal glands from a variety of rodents (including the rat) contained only very small amounts of AVT-like immunoreactivity (about 10 pg/gland) and no AVP or OT. Because AVT immunoreactivity appears in the pineals of several species, the peptide may subserve some physiological function of this organ. The functional roles, if any, of AVP and OT in the bovine pineal are unknown. PMID- 7349957 TI - Nutrition and somatomedin. VII. Regulation of somatomedin activity by the perfused rat liver. PMID- 7349958 TI - Lipoprotein synthesis in the cockerel liver: effects of estrogen on hepatic polysomal messenger ribonucleic acid activities for the major apoproteins in very loow and high density lipoproteins and for albumin and evidence for precursors to these secretory proteins. PMID- 7349959 TI - Analysis of early responses to growth hormone on amino acid transport and protein synthesis in diaphragms of young normal rats. PMID- 7349960 TI - Analysis of refractoriness to the effects of growth hormone on amino acid transport and protein synthesis in diaphragms of young normal rats. PMID- 7349961 TI - Plasma testosterone and progesterone titers of pregnant rats, their male and female fetuses, and neonatal offspring. AB - Testosterone and progesterone titers were determined by RIA in the plasma of pregnant rats and their male and female fetuses from day 17 of gestation through the day of birth and in male and female neonates on days 3 and 5 post partum. Males had significantly higher mean testosterone levels than females from day 18 of gestation through day 5 post partum. Sex differences in plasma testosterone concentrations were greatest in the fetuses on days 18 and 19 of gestation when testosterone levels peaked in the males. Instances in which female fetuses had testosterone titers equal to or greater than their male littermates were found on every day of gestation except day 18. Mean testosterone concentrations in plasma of female fetuses were high throughout gestation (greater than 1000 pcg/ml). Testosterone concentrations decreased in both sexes after birth. Differences between the sexes remained significant, and although there was an overlap in the values for males and females, testosterone concentrations in females exceeded those of their male littermates in only one out of nine pairs of samples on day 5 and in none of seven pairs on day 3 post partum. There were no significant differences in progesterone levels in plasma of males and females, either pre- or postnatally. Progesterone titers changed as a function of days post conception in both the fetuses and their mothers. In the fetuses, progesterone levels declined progressively from day 18 post conception through the day of birth, while in the mother they rose from days 18 to 19 then declined between days 20 and 21 of pregnancy. Fetuses had lower progesterone titers than their mothers. From these data, we conclude that day 18 and possibly day 19 post conception represent a critical period during which the central nervous system of the male is primed by high levels of testosterone. Thereafter, the process of masculinization is completed by exposure to testosterone levels that are relatively low and need not be consistently higher than those of female littermates. PMID- 7349962 TI - Stimulation of pancreatic growth by secretin, caerulein, and pentagastrin. PMID- 7349963 TI - Adrenal regulation of regional brain angiotensinogen content. PMID- 7349964 TI - Concomitant increases in serum growth hormone and hypothalamic somatostatin in rats after injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid, aminooxyacetic acid, or gamma hydroxybutyric acid. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA; 50 or 500 microgram/10 microliter) was injected into the right lateral ventricle of urethane- or pentobarbital-anesthetized male rats. The animals were decapitated 15 min after injection. Serum GH and hypothalamic somatostatin (SRIF) concentration were measured by specific RIAs. Intraventricular GABA caused a dose-related increase in GH and SRIF. In another study, aminooxyacetic acid (5 or 20 mg) was injected ip into urethane anesthetized rats. Aminooxyacetic acid at 20 mg produced a significant increase in both serum GH and hypothalamic SRIF. Furthermore, 12.5 mg gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) injected ip into urethane- or pentobarbital-anesthetized rats elicited a significant increase in both serum GH and hypothalamic SRIF. Pretreatment with 20 mg L-dopa produced decreases in the GHB-induced serum GH increase and in hypothalamic SRIF in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. These results show that GABA and GHB stimulated GH secretion, which was accompanied by increased hypothalamic SRIF. Thus, the GH release induced by GABA or GHB may be partly involved in inhibiting the release of hypothalamic SRIF. As the GHB-induced GH release was inhibited by L-dopa, the stimulatory effect of GHB on GH secretion might be mediated by inhibition of the dopaminergic mechanism. PMID- 7349965 TI - Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic mediation of pulsatile discharges of luteinizing hormone in the ovariectomized rat. AB - Various hypothalamic lesions were placed in long term ovariectomized rats, and their effects on pulsatile discharges of LH were noted in order to determine which neural regions are involved in the control of this mode of LH secretion. Complete hypothalamic deafferentiation did not affect pulsatile patterns of LH secretion unless the anterior portion of the cut also lesioned the anterior portion of the arcuate nuclei, in which case pulsatile LH discharges were completely blocked. Pulsatile LH secretion was not blocked by bilateral electrolytic lesions placed in ventromedial, paraventricular, or suprachiasmatic nuclei or anterior or posterior portions of the arcuate nuclei, although the nuclei were not completely destroyed by the lesions. When bilateral electrolytic lesions of the anterior portions of the arcuate nuclei were combined with anterior hypothalamic deafferentation, however, pulsatile discharges of LH were completely blocked. These results suggest that two pathways can stimulate the pulsatile mode of LH secretion independently of each other. One of these pathways involves the arcuate nuclei and possibly nearby structures, while the other appears to include extrahypothalamic structures and to enter the hypothalamus anteriorly. PMID- 7349966 TI - The effect of estradiol on testicular testosterone biosynthesis. PMID- 7349967 TI - Steroid-albumin conjugate interaction with steroid-binding proteins. PMID- 7349968 TI - Estrogen binding in human fetal lung tissue cytosol. AB - An estrogen-binding component with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 4S has been identified in the soluble fraction prepared from lung tissue obtained from human abortuses of 12-20 weeks gestational age. The proteinaceous nature of the estrogen-binding component was established from the findings of enzymatic degradation studies. Dihydrotestosterone and diethylstilbestrol had little or no affinity for the binding protein, whereas estriol and estrone competed with 17 beta-[3H]estradiol for binding. A 4S estrogen-binding component was also observed in fetal serum pretreated with dextran-coated charcoal to reduce the level of endogenous steroids. The serum estrogen-binding component differed from that of the lung tissue cytosol estrogen-binding macromolecule(s) in specificity for steroid binding, i.e. in fetal serum dihydrotestosterone competed with 17 beta [3H]estradiol for binding while estriol did not. Human fetal lung and kidney tissues contained the greatest amount of 17 beta-estradiol-binding activity of the tissues studied. Little or no estrogen binding was detectable in human fetal heart, brain, liver, or adrenal tissues. PMID- 7349969 TI - The effect of estradiol on hormonally stimulable adenylyl cyclase activity and on progesterone production in normal and regressing corpora lutea from control and human chorionic gonadotropin-treated pseudopregnant rabbits. PMID- 7349970 TI - Characterization of the insulin receptor and insulin-degrading activity from human lymphocytes by quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7349971 TI - Regulation of uterine angiotensin II receptors by estrogen and progesterone. PMID- 7349972 TI - A simple modification of the estrogen receptor exchange assay: validation in nuclei from the rat uterus and a mouse mammary tumor. AB - Crude nuclear preparations from the rat uterus and the MXT mouse mammary tumor contain endogenous nucleases whose activity results in the loss of estrogen binding sites from these fractions due to DNA breakdown. Although this is not a significant problem for studies in the uterus, the majority of the receptors present in nuclei from the tumor were lost from the particulate fraction under the standard conditions for the [3H]estradiol exchange assay. The addition of 5 mM Ca++ to either of these nuclear preparations resulted in the aggregation of the released estrogen receptors with particulate components and, hence, a total inhibition of receptor release into the soluble (wash) fractions. Ca++ had no effect on the affinity of the receptors for [3H]estradiol, although in some cases it slowed the overall rate of binding. The addition of Ca++ to the nuclear estrogen exchange assay may therefore prove to be a simple yet powerful aide in studies on the potential hormonal responsiveness of human and experimental mammary tumors. PMID- 7349973 TI - Relationship between radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay estimates of prolactin in rat pituitary tissue, incubation medium, and serum: effects of dialysis on measurements of the hormone. PMID- 7349974 TI - Effect of pharmacological quantities of infused 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine on thyroxine monodeiodination to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. PMID- 7349975 TI - Beta-endorphin-induced decrease in hypothalamic dopamine turnover. AB - The effect of beta-endorphin on hypothalamic dopamine metabolism was examined in male rats. Intracisternal administration of synthetic human beta-endorphin (15 microgram blunted the alpha-methyltyrosine-induced decline in the concentration of hypothalamic dopamine. Also, beta-endorphin blunted the pargyline-induced accumulation of hypothalamic dopamine. beta-Endorphin either increased or failed to alter the basal concentration of hypothalamic dopamine and failed to alter the basal hypothalamic concentration of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid. These data suggest that beta-endorphin decreases the turnover rate of hypothalamic dopamine and are consistent with the thesis that beta-endorphin decreases the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. PMID- 7349976 TI - The design of effective in vivo antagonists of rat uterus and milk ejection responses to oxytocin. AB - Several new synthetic analogs of the oxytocin antagonist [1 deaminopenicillamine]oxytocin have been prepared and tested for their abilities to inhibit responses to oxytocin by the isolated rat uterus in the absence and presence of Mg++, by the rat uterus in situ, and by the rat mammary gland in situ. Substituting 2-O-methyltyrosine in [1-deaminopenicillamine]oxytocin strikingly enhances antagonism of all uterin responses, and [1 deaminopenicillamine, 2-O-methyltyrosine]oxytocin and its 4-threonine analog are also potent inhibitors of the milk ejection response. Substituting 2 phenylalanine in [1-deaminopenicillamine]oxytocin also enhances antagonistic activities in all uterine assays, but [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2 phenylalanine]oxytocin retains agonistic activity on milk ejection assays. From these studies we can conclude that changes in the 1-position (1 deaminopenicillamine substitution) and the 2-position (2-O-methyltyrosine or 2 phenylalanine substitution) can have additive effects on antagonistic activities. Substitution of an 8-ornithine also enhances inhibitory potency in vivo, and this effect may also be additive to those of the substitutions in 1- and 2-positions. These findings provide many clues that may lead to the design of even more effective antagonists; several of the analogs reported here appear to the most effective antagonists of oxytocin in vivo yet reported and may be useful agents in further studies on the physiological functions of endogenous oxytocin. PMID- 7349978 TI - Muscle cholinesterase: effect of phencyclidine and ketamine on rat and human muscle cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7349977 TI - Measurement of multiple forms of human growth hormone: cross-reactivities in conventional and two-chain radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7349979 TI - Locomotor recovery after deafferentation of one side of the cat's trunk. PMID- 7349980 TI - Interaction of norepinephrine with cerebrocortical activity evoked by stimulation of somatosensory afferent pathways in the rat. PMID- 7349981 TI - Excitation of wide-field ventralis posterolateralis neurons by contralateral thalamic stimulation. PMID- 7349982 TI - Neurofibrillary degeneration, dendritic dying back, and learning-memory deficits after aluminum administration: implications for brain aging. PMID- 7349983 TI - Effects of pudendal nerve stimulation on neurons in pericruciate cerebral cortex of male domestic cats. PMID- 7349984 TI - Dependence on nerve growth factor of early human fetal dorsal root ganglion neurons in organotypic cultures. PMID- 7349985 TI - Retarding effect of early anosmia on growth of the body, brain, olfactory bulbs, and cerebellum and its implications for the development of the olfactory system in the rat. PMID- 7349986 TI - Characteristics of dorsal neck muscle afferent input to the cat frontal cortex before and after dorsal funiculus section. PMID- 7349987 TI - Locus ceruleus region: effects on behavior of cholinergic, noradrenergic, and opiate drugs injected intracerebrally into freely moving cats. PMID- 7349988 TI - Pneumotaxic area neuronal discharge during sleep-waking states in the cat. PMID- 7349989 TI - Structural changes in kittens' ventral and dorsal root L7 after early postnatal sciatic nerve transection. PMID- 7349990 TI - Surface electromyogram potentials of motor units; relationship between potential size and unit location in a large human skeletal muscles. PMID- 7349991 TI - Experimental hyperphenylalaninemia: effect on central nervous system myelin subfractions. PMID- 7349992 TI - Production of spinal cord growth inhibitor by nonneuronal cells. PMID- 7349993 TI - Electrophysiologic characterization of morphologically identified neurons in the cerebellar cortex of awake cats. PMID- 7349994 TI - Influence of electric stimulation of the region of the area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract on unit activity in the anterior raphe and the cortical electroencephalogram of the rat. PMID- 7349995 TI - Sprouting of sympathetic axons in the hippocampal formation: conditions necessary to elicit ingrowth. PMID- 7349996 TI - Reduced protein synthesis in spinal anterior horn neurons in wobbler mouse mutant. PMID- 7349997 TI - A problem in electrical stimulation of incisor tooth pulp in rats. PMID- 7349998 TI - Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis: hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pentose phosphate shunt activity. PMID- 7349999 TI - Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica: cross-resistance in mice with single sex schistosome infections. PMID- 7350000 TI - Fasciola hepatica: energy sources and metabolism. PMID- 7350001 TI - Ascaris suum: nutrient absorption, growth, and intestinal pathology in young pigs experimentally infected with 15-day-old larvae. PMID- 7350002 TI - Fasciola hepatica: azetidine inhibition of bile duct hyperplasia in the infected rat. PMID- 7350003 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: mast cell kinetics at small intestinal sites in infected rats. PMID- 7350004 TI - Polyadenylated RNA of mouse ova and loss of maternal RNA in early development. PMID- 7350005 TI - The basal lamina of the postnatal mammary epithelium contains glycosaminoglycans in a precise ultrastructural organization. PMID- 7350006 TI - Cultured sympathetic neurons: effects of cell-derived and synthetic substrata on survival and development. PMID- 7350007 TI - Transient inability of neonatal rat motoneurons to reinnervate muscle. PMID- 7350008 TI - Conditioned medium enhances neuritic outgrowth from rat spinal cord explants. PMID- 7350009 TI - Olfactory marker protein during ontogeny: immunohistochemical localization. PMID- 7350010 TI - Incorporation of teratocarcinoma stem cells into blastocysts by aggregation with cleavage-stage embryos. PMID- 7350011 TI - Studies on the specificity of sperm binding in echinoderm fertilization. PMID- 7350012 TI - Half-lives of messenger RNA species during growth and differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7350013 TI - The regulation of the synthesis of actin and two other proteins induced early in Dictyostelium discoideum development. PMID- 7350014 TI - Segmental gradients specifying polarity and pattern in the wax moth, Galleria mellonella: the posterior margin as the source of a diffusible morphogen. PMID- 7350015 TI - Quality of life after surgery for Crohn's disease: a psychosocial survey. PMID- 7350016 TI - Mechanism of the protective effect of propylthiouracil against acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity in the rat. PMID- 7350017 TI - Diagnosis of type A hepatitis by fecal IgA antibody against hepatitis A antigen. AB - A method was developed for the early diagnosis of type A hepatitis. The method involved the detection of fecal antibody against hepatitis A antigen (HAAg). We followed 6 patients who contracted type A hepatitis in an outbreak for the fecal excretion of HAAg and antibody against HAAg (anti-HA) by immune electron microscopy. Fecal anti-HA appeared soon after the disappearance of HAAg, at around the zenith of serum transaminase, and persisted approximately 4 mo after the development of hepatitis. Fecal anti-HA was of IgA class, since it was completely absorbed by an anti-IgA column, but not affected by anti-IgG or anti IgM column. Owing to its early appearance and short duration, fecal anti-HA allows an early diagnosis of type A hepatitis by the test of a single specimen. Fecal anti-HA would be assumed to herald the termination of the period during which patients should be segregated from the community to prevent secondary infection. PMID- 7350018 TI - Sarcoidosis and protein losing enteropathy. AB - The authors report a case of sarcoidosis associated with protein losing enteropathy. The diagnosis of intrathoracic stage I sarcoidosis was based on x ray and biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes. Enteric protein loss was suspected because of edema lasting for 2 yr, hypoproteinemia, decreased concentrations of serum immunoglobulins, and lymphopenia involving mainly T-cells and proved by 51CrCl3 test (21%/120 hr). Lymphography was consistent with granulomatous involvement of retroperitoneal lymph glands while small bowel biopsy showed blunt villi and dilated lacteals. All the pathological parameters normalized after 6 mo of prednisone treatment. In some cases of sarcoidosis, when abdominal lymph glands are involved, cellular and humoral immunologic derangements may be caused or potentiated by excessive enteric protein and lymphocyte loss. PMID- 7350019 TI - Observations on management of choledochoduodenal fistula due to penetrating peptic ulcer. AB - Perforation into the biliary tract is a rare complication of benign peptic ulcer disease. This report describes our experience with 4 patients having this problem. The resulting choledochoduodenal fistula itself causes no unique symptoms in most cases. The diagnosis, hithertofore unsuspected, is most commonly made during barium examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with typical complaints of ulcer disease. Endoscopy and retrograde cholangiography may be useful to define the pathologic anatomy and to distinguish peptic ulcer disease from primary biliary tract disease or malignant ulcer. Medical management of the underlying ulcer disease with cimetidine and antacids usually suffices to relieve symptoms and to allow healing of the fistula. Surgery becomes necessary if biliary stenosis or cholangitis occurs, or if other aspects of the ulcer disease mandate operative treatment. PMID- 7350021 TI - Adrenergic regulation of ileocecal sphincter function in the cat. PMID- 7350020 TI - Antineoplastic agents and the liver. PMID- 7350022 TI - Antrectomy and maximal acid output. PMID- 7350023 TI - Training in gastroenterology: the new balance. PMID- 7350024 TI - Training in gastroenterology: the new balance. PMID- 7350025 TI - Altered drug metabolism and elevated serum bile acids in liver disease: a unified pharmacokinetic explanation. PMID- 7350026 TI - Cytological diagnosis of hepatic cancer. PMID- 7350027 TI - Short bowel syndrome. PMID- 7350028 TI - Antibiotic associated PMC. PMID- 7350029 TI - Prostaglandins and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7350030 TI - Prostaglandins, indomethacin, and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7350031 TI - Gastrin and intestinal phase of gastric secretion. PMID- 7350032 TI - Influence of glucose, fructose, and water movement on calcium absorption in the jejunum. AB - The first experiment demonstrated that glucose stimulated calcium absorption. Possible mechanisms include: (a) glucose stimulation of active calcium absorption, (b) glucose stimulation of water absorption with enhanced calcium absorption by solvent drag, or (c) glucose stimulation of water absorption caused an increased luminal calcium concentration with resultant increased active and/or passive calcium absorption. In a second experiment, neither glucose, fructose of water absorption stimulated calcium absorption when luminal calcium concentration was maintained at a constant level. These results suggest: (a) glucose and fructose indirectly enhance calcium absorption via an effect on water movement, (b) water absorption enhances calcium absorption by virtue of concentrating unabsorbed calcium within the intestinal lumen, not by solvent drag, and (c) bulk water movement and passive calcium ion movement take place via separate channels. PMID- 7350033 TI - Effect of intravenous somatostatin on jejunal absorption of glucose, amino acids, water, and electrolytes. PMID- 7350034 TI - Transcobalamin II level in peripheral blood monocytes--a biochemical marker in inflammatory diseases of the bowel. PMID- 7350035 TI - Effects of taurocholic acid on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. PMID- 7350036 TI - Cholesterol and bile acid absorption during bile acid therapy in obese subjects undergoing weight reduction. AB - One of the potential complications of bile acid therapy for gallstone disease is the promotion of intestinal absorption of cholesterol, thereby increasing the influx of cholesterol in body pools. To determine whether bile acid feeding is associated with an increased absorption of intestinal cholesterol, absorption measurements were made in 8 obese subjects given chenodeoxycholic acid (CCDA) or Bilron (750 mg/day). The bile acids were given in random order, separated by control periods, in patients undergoing weight reduction. Absorption of cholesterol (mass and percent) and of bile acids were determined by a technique of combined measurements of biliary lipid secretion and fecal steroid excretion. Our data showed that during treatment with either bile acid, a marked increase in pool size and hepatic secretion of bile acids occurred. However, despite an increased flux of bile acids through the intestinal tract, there was no significant increase in cholesterol absorption as compared to control periods. Absorption rates during administration of the two bile acids were approximately the same. Furthermore, plasma cholesterol concentrations were stable throughout both control and treatment periods. Bile acid absorption remained highly efficient (greater than 96%) during all periods, even with administration of exogenous bile acids. PMID- 7350037 TI - Lipid metabolism in abetalipoproteinemia: a study of cholesterol absorption and sterol balance in two patients. AB - The concept that an absence of apoprotein B in plasma may result in increased cholesterol biosynthesis was investigated by sterol balance techniques in 2 male patients with abetalipoproteinemia, one an adult, the other a child. Total body synthesis of cholesterol in both the adult patient (19.3 +/- 3.8 mg/kg/day vs. 10.8 +/- 0.9 mg/kg/day in controls) and the child with abetalipoproteinemia (34.9 mg/kg/day vs. 14.5 +/- 3.8 mg/kg/day in control children) was significantly higher than in controls whereas bile acid synthesis was similar in both groups. Absorption of orally administered [1,2-3H]cholesterol was lower in the abetalipoproteinemic subjects than the controls and subsequent labeling of plasma cholesterol in the former patients was minimal (less than 3% of controls). The mechanisms for the increased sterol synthesis in abetalipoproteinemia may relate to the absence of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins in plasma, but the magnitude of the increase can be largely explained on the basis of enhanced sterol losses that occur secondary to malabsorption of biliary cholesterol. PMID- 7350038 TI - Air-pressure-induced colon injury during diagnostic colonoscopy. PMID- 7350039 TI - Extrahepatic uptake of 99mTc-phytate: its mechanism and significance in chronic liver disease. AB - The extrahepatic uptake of 99mTc-phytate was evaluated using scintigrams in 47 patients, including 37 patients with cirrhosis, 7 with presinusoidal portal hypertension, and 3 with idiopathic splenomegaly. In these 47 patients, combined umbilicoportal, hepatic vein, and superior mesenteric artery catheterization was performed. The Kupffer cell uptake of 125Iodinated albumin microaggregates was measured during a single passage through the liver, and this parameter was used as an index of the functional hepatic blood flow. A highly significant negative correlation was found between the extrahepatic uptake of 99mTc-phytate and the hepatic uptake of 125I-albumin microaggregates. However, no correlation was found between the extrahepatic uptake and portal hypertension as evaluated by the porohepatic gradient. The present study strongly suggests that the 99mTc-phytate extrahepatic uptake is mainly due to a failure of the diseased liver to remove colloids and is not related to the degree of portal hypertension. Our data also indicate that 99mTc-phytate liver scan may provide an indirect assessment of the functional hepatic blood supply and might be useful in the follow-up of patients with chronic liver diseases. PMID- 7350040 TI - Is feminization in alcoholic men due in part to portal hypertension: a rat model. PMID- 7350041 TI - Hepatic hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis. PMID- 7350042 TI - Cholesterol absorption during bile acid feeding. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration. PMID- 7350043 TI - Prediction of the bile acid composition of bile from serum bile acid analysis during gallstone dissolution therapy. PMID- 7350044 TI - Prolongation of intestinal transit and expansion of bile acid pools by propantheline bromide. PMID- 7350045 TI - Bile acid-induced inhibition of the lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen: an in vitro study. AB - The effects of free and conjugated bile acids on the lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) have been investigated in vitro. Significant inhibition of lymphocyte transformation was observed with 250 mumol/liter of either chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) or cholic acid (CA); the former caused more pronounced inhibition at higher concentrations. This was true whichever mitogen was present. Conjugated bile acids caused lesser degrees of inhibition than the respective free bile acids and the glycoconjugates were more inhibitory than the respective tauroconjugates of the same bile acid. At concentrations of free bile acids which completely suppressed lymphocyte transformation, no cytotoxic effects or impairment of cell viability were detected. Since the concentrations that inhibited the lymphoproliferative response were markedly lower than those reported to induce cell membrane damage, the activity observed can be attributed to a metabolic effect within the cell. Inhibition by bile acids of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, resulting in a reduction of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis required for cell growth and proliferation, might account for our observations. Our results contribute to understanding the nature of the serum-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte transformation reported to exist in cholestatic liver disease. PMID- 7350047 TI - Focal fatty change of the liver, a hitherto poorly recognized entity. AB - Fatty change of the liver is a well-recognized entity associated with many clinical situations. It is a diffuse lesion although it may show centrolobular or periportal accentuation. Focal fatty change, on the other hand, is a rarely recognized and poorly characterized entity. We are presenting 10 cases of this condition. The lesions were discovered incidentally at post mortem examination in patients ranging in ages from 26 mo to 79 yr. The nodules measured up to 4.0 cm in diameter, were predominantly subcapsular in location, and the majority occurred in livers with minimal diffuse steatosis. At autopsy some had been confused with abscesses and metastases. The underlying disease processes and therapy were examined to determine etiology. Focal ischemia superimposed upon conditions producing fatty change is postulated as a pathogenic mechanism for this entity. Focal fatty change may have importance in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the liver. PMID- 7350046 TI - Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis of 236 patients. AB - A prospective study of the clinical pattern and course of primary biliary cirrhosis based on the data of 236 patients (211 females, 25 males) in an international randomized trial has been performed mainly using life-table technique. The median follow-up period has been 18 mo. After the entry into the study, at which time the median duration of symptoms was 2.1 yr, the estimated 5 yr increase in the cumulative percentage of patients was for pruritus from 75% to 95%, jaundice 59% to 82%, hepatomegaly 54% to 86%, pigmentation 54% to 85%, xanthomas 27% to 50%, GI bleeding 17% to 46%, ascites 7% to 49%, and vertebral collapse 3% to 20%. The frequency of cirrhosis increased from 30% to 82% in 4 yr. The mitochondrial antibody titer showed a high rate of progression with time. In analysis of subgroups, age, histologic stage, and particularly the serum bilirubin level were important prognostic factors. Sex, duration of symptoms, and character of first symptom or sign had no independent prognostic influence. The most important indication of seriously progressive course was rapid development of severe cholestasis independent of the histologic stage. PMID- 7350048 TI - HBe-Antigen in the course and prognosis of hepatitis B infection: a prospective study. AB - The prognostic significance of the HBe-antigen (HBeAg) in the course and outcome of type B hepatitis was studied prospectively in 71 susceptible oncology patients. The patients had been exposed to tumor cell vaccines inadvertently contaminated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-containing plasma. Forty five patients (63%) were infected. These 45 showed three types of acute seroresponse: HBsAg and HBeAg, 28 patients (62%); HBsAg alone, 8 patients (18%); and a primary antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) response, 9 patients (20%). There was no significant difference in acute course and outcome between the two HBs antigenemic groups. All primary anti-HBs responders had asymptomatic infections. Seventeen patients receiving chemotherapy during the period of hepatitis B exposure were significantly more prone to symptomatic infection with acute HBs antigenemia, and 2 of these patients developed chronic active hepatitis. The HBeAg is common early in acute hepatitis B among solid tumor patients and at this stage in disease has no prognostic significance independent of HBsAg. PMID- 7350050 TI - Zinc deficiency: a complication of Crohn's disease. AB - Twenty-one of 52 patients with regional enteritis had low serum zinc concentrations on initial testing. Fourteen of 31 patients followed longitudinally had low serum zinc concentrations. Two patients are presented as case reports who developed acrodermatitis skin lesions that responded to zinc therapy. Hypogonadism, growth retardation, and abnormalities in taste were frequent complications in Crohn's patients with low serum zinc levels. Certain complications of regional enteritis may be due, in part, to zinc deficiency. PMID- 7350049 TI - Chronic diarrhea of unknown origin. AB - We studied 27 patients with severe chronic diarrhea for which extensive investigations carried out at other institutions had failed to reveal a diagnosis. They were studied by standard diagnostic methods as well as by careful fecal analysis and intestinal perfusion. If they were incontinent of feces, anal sphincter function tests were performed. Although many were suspected of having pancreatic cholera syndrome, this diagnosis could not be established in a single patient. The most common diagnosis that could be established was surreptitious ingestion of drugs (laxatives in 7 patients and diuretics in 2). Other specific diagnoses included ulcerative colitis in 2 patients, allergy to beef in 1, and bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine in 1. Thus, we were able to establish a specific diagnosis in 13 patients. Of the remaining 14 patients, 8 had findings suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome, and 2 others had anal sphincter dysfunction as the major cause of their disability. The other 4 undiagnosed patients had severe secretory (3 patients) or osmotic (1 patient) diarrhea. Follow-up interviews at 6 mo-6 yr failed to reveal evidence of a cause for diarrhea that had been overlooked during our studies. The diagnostic approach to patients with unexplained diarrhea is discussed. The importance of a search for surreptitious drug ingestion and accurate measurement of bowel movement frequency and stool weight is emphasized. PMID- 7350051 TI - Trends in hospital admissions and death rates for peptic ulcer in the United States from 1970 to 1978. AB - During the period 1970-1978, admissions to short-term nonfederal hospitals in the U.S. for duodenal ulcer decreased by 43%, whereas admissions for gastric ulcer did not change significantly. The decline in admissions for duodenal ulcer was greatest for uncomplicated cases, less for those with hemorrhage, and least (and not significant) in those with perforation. During the period 1970-1977, U.S. Vital Statistics reports of deaths from peptic ulcer decreased 31%, with about equal declines in total deaths, those associated with hemorrhage, and those associated with hemorrhage, and those associated with perforation. The fall in death rate involved both gastric and duodenal ulcer in both men and women. The male/female ratio has been falling steadily, and now stands at about 1.2 for hospitalizations and about 1.5 for deaths. From 1970 to 1978 the percentage of persons over 60 yr of age rose from 14 to 15% in the U.S. population as a whole, from 23 to 29% in persons hospitalized for all causes, from 27 to 36% in those hospitalized for duodenal ulcer, and from 40 to 48% in those hospitalized for gastric ulcer. PMID- 7350052 TI - Gastric motor abnormalities in diabetic and postvagotomy gastroparesis: effect of metoclopramide and bethanechol. AB - Gastroparesis is a relatively uncommon but clinically troublesome disorder that develops in some patients with diabetes mellitus or after gastric operations. Its pathogenesis remains obscure. We used a manometric technique to record pressure changes in fasting patients in the gastric fundus, distal stomach, and adjacent small bowel of patients with severe gastroparesis, asymptomatic diabetic patients, asymptomatic postsurgical patients, and healthy controls. Patients with gastroparesis had normal interdigestive motor cycles (phase III) in the intestine but not in the stomach. Sporadic motor activity in the stomach (phase II) also was markedly reduced. Metoclopramide and bethanecol significantly increased gastric motor activity in these patients, often triggering an intense burst of motor activity in the stomach, similar to phase III. These observations suggest that gastroparesis is a potentially reversible disorder and should encourage further attmpts for pharmacologic control of the syndrome. PMID- 7350053 TI - Mechanical characteristics of the cat pylorus. AB - In vitro force-length curves of rings from the gastroduodenal junction were obtained in standard tyrode solution, in tyrode with 140 mM KCl, and in calcium free tyrode with 5 mM sodium EDTA, to determine basal, total, and passive forces, respectively. Active force was obtained as a difference between total and passive forces. Basal, total, passive, and active forces were higher for pyloric rings than for duodenal and antral rings. Furthermore, in the pylorus the force-length curves were shifted to the left along the length axis due to a narrowing at the gastroduodenal junction. Pressure-diameter relationships calculated from the in vitro force-length data and compared with previously determined in vivo pressure diameter data, demonstrated good correlation between the in vivo and in vitro data. These data indicate that the higher forces and pressures observed in the pylorus are due to a combination of higher active and passive components. At low levels of stretch, the active forces are higher, while at high levels of stretch the passive forces become prevalent. These data suggest that, because of its passive properties the pylorus may act as a stricture and resist opening to large diameters, thus impeding the passage of large boluses. Near closure, however, any pressure gradient at the gastroduodenal junction would be due to active contraction of the pyloric circular muscles, and thus be susceptible to modulation through neural and/or myogenic factors. PMID- 7350054 TI - Relationships among canine interdigestive exocrine pancreatic and biliary flow, duodenal motor activity, plasma pancreatic polypeptide, and motilin. PMID- 7350055 TI - Intraluminal pressure recording from the human sphincter of Oddi. AB - In this study we recorded intraluminal pressure from the human sphincter of Oddi during ERCP examination and determined the effect of enteric hormones on sphincter of Oddi motor function. Studies were obtained in 26 patients who had no demonstrable evidence of pancreaticobiliary disease. After cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) or pancreatic duct (PD), pressure measurements were made across the sphincter of Oddi (SO) during 1-2 mm incremental withdrawals of the catheter pausing 1 min or longer at each station. The findings showed an SO segment, 4-6 mm in length, that had basal, steady-state pressure about 4 mm Hg higher than CBD or PD pressure. Pronounced phasic contractions were superimposed on the basal SO pressure. These phasic contractions measured 101 +/- 50 SE mm Hg in amplitude and 4.3 +/- 1.5 sec in duration. They had a frequency of 4.1 +/- 0.9/min. Corresponding phasic contractions were not observed in the CBD, PD, or duodenum. Intravenous pulse doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide and glucagon depressed SO motor activity, whereas pentagastrin increased SO pressure. Secretin caused a mixed response of excitation followed by inhibition. We conclude that the human sphincter of Oddi demonstrates unique phasic contractions that are altered by enteric hormones given intravenously. These phasic SO contractions may have an important role in regulating biliary and pancreatic duct employing. PMID- 7350056 TI - Biphasic recovery of vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ uptake by rat intestinal Golgi membranes. PMID- 7350057 TI - Release in vitro by gastrointestinal tissues of an inhibitor of canine antral gastrin secretion. PMID- 7350058 TI - Effect of somatostatin infusion on jejunal water and electrolyte transport in a patient with secretory diarrhea due to malignant carcinoid syndrome. AB - The effect of intravenous somatostatin infusion was investigated in a patient with severe secretory diarrhea due to malignant carcinoid syndrome. Continuous somatostatin infusion for 48 hr (4 microgram/kg/hr) reduced stool volume from 2.2 to 0.7 liters/day. Intestinal perfusion studies before intravenous somatostatin infusion revealed decreased water and sodium absorption and jejunal chloride secretion. Somatostatin infusion for 2 hr (8 microgram/kg/hr) reversed chloride secretion to absorption and markedly enhanced water and sodium absorption. These results suggest that somatostatin inhibited a secretory component of water and ion movement in the small bowel of the patient with malignant carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7350059 TI - Fungal infection associated with gastroduodenal ulceration: endoscopic and pathologic appearances. AB - Three patients with peptic ulcers diagnosed at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are reported. All were seriously ill (2 debilitated alcoholics) and died soon afterwards. Fungi were recognized in the antemortem specimen of one of the two ulcers biopsied at the time of endoscopy and in the postmortem specimens of all. In two, demise appears to have been precipitated by erosion of the wall of a major artery by fungal invasion. Culture of the ulcer based as well as throat swabs and stool examination for mycelial and yeast forms of fungus in susceptible patients may allow a more accurate diagnosis to be made and therapy to be instituted. PMID- 7350060 TI - Primary hepatic actinomycosis. AB - Fever of 10 mo duration in a man of 35 yr was discovered at the time of a second laparatomy to be caused by actinomycotic infection of the liver. Actinomycosis of the liver usually presents as large single or as multiple abscesses. In this patient only nonspecific cellular infiltrates of the liver were found in liver biopsies performed after 4 mo of fever. Not until 10 mo had elapsed were miniscule liver abscesses detected. It took an average of 8 mo to make a diagnosis in our patient and in 6 others like him reported since 1928. Exploratory surgery was required for diagnosis in all of them. PMID- 7350061 TI - Dyspepsia, antral motor dysfunction, and gastric stasis of solids. AB - Extensive gastric manometric and emptying studies were performed in a patient with postprandial dyspeptic symptoms which, for many years, had been diagnosed as functional complaints. After ingestion of a mixed, solid-liquid meal we observed marked gastric stasis of solids associated with a weak antral pressure response, whereas gastric emptying of fluids was normal. Fundic pressure activity, recorded separately, was also normal. This case may represent a pathophysiologic expression of the specific roles of the antrum in the emptying of solids (abnormal) and of the fundus in the emptying of liquids (normal) and shows that pathophysiologic abnormalities can sometimes be demonstrated in patients lumped under a "functional" category. PMID- 7350062 TI - "Melanosis" of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and folic acid deficiency. AB - Melanosis involving the duodenum is extremely rare. We present endoscopic, microscopic, and histochemical studies of a patient with melanosis of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and a folic acid deficiency. The pigment is similar to that observed in melanosis coli and histochemically does not stain like melanin or lipofuscin. The pigment disappeared with correction of the folate deficiency and healing of the gastric ulcer, suggesting a possible relationship with these entities. PMID- 7350063 TI - Immunologic status in patients with giardiasis. PMID- 7350064 TI - Triolein breath test. PMID- 7350065 TI - In vivo intragastric titration. PMID- 7350067 TI - Antibiotics in the elderly: skating on therapeutic thin ice. PMID- 7350066 TI - How does bile acid feeding regulate cholesterol entry into bile? PMID- 7350069 TI - Pretreatment assessment of the hypertensive patient. PMID- 7350068 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis by exclusion. PMID- 7350070 TI - The inflamed heart: pericarditis in the elderly. PMID- 7350071 TI - Emotional disorders caused by CNS dysfunction. PMID- 7350072 TI - How to detect and manage low patient compliance in chronic illness. PMID- 7350073 TI - The evolution of longevity. PMID- 7350074 TI - Commuter vans save employees time and money. PMID- 7350075 TI - New data base will assist health care system. PMID- 7350076 TI - House acts on health issues as 1979 ends. PMID- 7350077 TI - Employees can be major source of cost savings. PMID- 7350078 TI - Expense, utilization data show containment working. AB - Hospital expenses increased 12.7 percent in September 1979 compared to September 1978, bringing the 1979 year-to-date increase to 13.1 percent. The comparable increases last year were 12.5 percent in the month of September and 12.8 percent for the year-to-date. While the accelerated rates of growth continue to reflect inflationary pressures in the general economy and increased utilization, September 1979 showed the smallest rate of increase in total hospital expenses since March 1979, attesting to efforts by hospital management to contain labor and supply costs. PMID- 7350079 TI - Hospitals in the 1980s: past decade held several surprises. PMID- 7350080 TI - Directions of health system for new decade. AB - Hospitals will be fewer and larger and will offer only the most complex care/Ambulatory surgery, home care, and HMOs will play increasing roles in the delivery system. PMID- 7350081 TI - Financing health care in the 1980s. AB - An aging population, national health insurance, and the factors that drove up the cost of health care in the 1970s will accelerate cost increases in the 1980s. PMID- 7350082 TI - Environmental change faces hospital CEOs. AB - The most complex aspect of the future for health care managers is the intensity of change in the environment in which they work/The CEO's role today and in the future is examined. PMID- 7350083 TI - Whither hospitals and associations? AB - Even though things will continue to change--and at a rapid rate--chances are that the health care system at the end of '80s will look much like it does now. PMID- 7350084 TI - Health/disease trends to shape hospitals' role. AB - Hospitals will provide more care for patients with chronic metabolic disorders, cancer, heart disease, and accidental injuries and less maternity and pediatric care. PMID- 7350085 TI - Cost reductions remain goal of federal regs. AB - Despite the recent defeat of cost containment legislation, the health care field should be prepared for more regulation, not less, during the next decade. PMID- 7350086 TI - Winds of change sweep nursing profession. AB - New specialties are developing, new roles are being tested, and scientific advancements are making new demands on nurses' education and skills. PMID- 7350088 TI - CEOs don educator's cap. AB - These days, an administrator has a duty to educate trustees and medical staff leaders about the complex legal, financial, and political matters facing their institutions. PMID- 7350087 TI - Small/rural hospitals must innovate in '80. AB - Small and rural hospitals will have to innovate, update organizational style, and act more assertively to face future issues regarding scope of services, financing, regulation, and manpower. PMID- 7350090 TI - Rooftop garden adds charm to geriatric unit. PMID- 7350089 TI - Pilot unit shifts to primary nursing. AB - A hospital shifted a pilot medical-surgical unit from team to primary nursing. Details of the implementation process are presented. PMID- 7350091 TI - New York to pay hospitals for having fewer patient days. PMID- 7350092 TI - Business leaders play key role in Toledo cost control efforts. PMID- 7350093 TI - Quarterly data show faster nonlabor growth. PMID- 7350094 TI - A good ending: the mechanics of hospital closure. AB - The goal in closing a hospital should be minimal disruption in the lives of patients, employees, and the community. To achieve this goal, emphasis on planning and communication is crucial. PMID- 7350095 TI - Ongoing transition is forecast for hospitals. AB - Hospitals will continue to react to rising costs, access to health care, and fragmentation of the delivery system. If they respond wisely, the future will be bright. Otherwise the negative trends of today may accelerate. PMID- 7350096 TI - Nathan Stark brings hope and experience to HEW complex. Interview by Michael Lesparre. AB - The new Under Secretary is more experienced in hospital affairs, the Voluntary Effort, and the planning process than a majority of federal agency officials of recent times. PMID- 7350097 TI - Volunteers boost spirits of elderly. AB - Elderly ambulatory patients believed that the hospital staff was too busy to be bothered with the nonmedical problems they had to face in their daily lives. PMID- 7350098 TI - Reorganization of staff helps cash flow. AB - To stem the rise in days of revenue in accounts receivable that resulted from this hospital's rapid growth, management reorganized the staff and implemented new procedures. PMID- 7350099 TI - Providence Medical Center, Portland, OR: prepaid health insurance option proving popular. PMID- 7350100 TI - Two hospitals prosper from "administrative cooperative". PMID- 7350101 TI - An interview with Sr. Irene Kraus, DC. PMID- 7350102 TI - Abortion: why the arguments fail. AB - Christians have so far failed to show why abortion is an affront to Christian convictions. Rather than arguing when life begins, Christians must show that Christianity as a way of life which recognizes God as Lord of life makes abortion unthinkable. PMID- 7350103 TI - The holding company: alternative for Catholic sponsorship. AB - Holy Cross Health System Corporation, South Bend, IN, a holding company for eight hospital corporations, was formed to involve the entire congregation in the health care ministry and to free the congregation's leaders from excessive governance duties. A 13-person task force, with input from hospital sisters, gathered data on various multihospital systems in a step-by-step, year-long project. PMID- 7350104 TI - Needed: facts, not myths, in health care legislation. PMID- 7350105 TI - CEO-board contract should cover special services. PMID- 7350106 TI - Hospital, blood bank responsible for safety of blood obtained. PMID- 7350107 TI - X-radiation consent forms are defense in product liability suit. PMID- 7350108 TI - Should continuing education be mandatory? PMID- 7350109 TI - Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA: hot water solar energy to cut costs, fuel use. PMID- 7350110 TI - 1980 census focuses on housing, population. PMID- 7350111 TI - Hospitals use Medic Alert system in patient education programs. PMID- 7350112 TI - Pharmacist's counseling helps patients follow physician's orders. PMID- 7350113 TI - Patterns of unions' successes in hospital elections. AB - When data from NLRB-conducted hospital elections since 1974 are placed in several environmental, hospital-related, and election-related categories, variations in outcome exist. Although the data do not explain why variations in unions' success occur, they show that the patterns are not random. PMID- 7350114 TI - Catholic colleges and Universities: options for survival. AB - Technology wit-out humanism and the ability ot make moral judgments can threaten the quality of our lives. Catholic universities, traditionally reconciling faith and reason, can help us to resist partial humanisms and to approach our technological society's profound value questions. PMID- 7350115 TI - Geriatric center's environment fosters interaction. AB - Because environment affects disabled persons more than nondisabled ones, institutions should offer more than cleanliness, efficiency, and care of residents' physical needs. The Weiss Institute, using bright colors, warm wood, natrual light, open spaces, possessions from home, and a floor plan that encourages spontaneous interaction, seeks to maximize residents' well-being, competence, and self-esteem and to meet both staff and residents' social and emotional needs. PMID- 7350116 TI - Physician sued after providing emergency care. PMID- 7350117 TI - Hospital board dismisses CEO without proper due process. PMID- 7350118 TI - Clear policy needed in hospital-physician relationship. PMID- 7350119 TI - Prenatal testing and genetic counseling: physician's responsibility. PMID- 7350120 TI - Levamisole and leucocyte migration into sponge exudates. AB - Locally administered levamisole enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into rats for either 4 or 48 h. The stimulated cell at both times was predominantly the polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Locally administered levamisole also enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into arthritic rats, during the primary stage as well as well as during the secondary stage after adjuvant injection when arthritis had been fully established. PMID- 7350121 TI - Seasonal variation in drug action and animal responses in models of inflammation. AB - During the summer months, aspirin was relatively ineffective in rats in suppressing leucocyte migration both into the pleural space inflamed by carrageenan and into inert sponges implanted subcutaneously. At this time period, rats were insensitive to intravenous histamine and relatively insensitive to anaphylactic shock, and survival rates after traumatic or tourniquet shock have also been reported to be at peak values. The cause of this resistance has still to be found, though hormonal activation may play a major role. PMID- 7350122 TI - Skin reactions of rats to levamisole and D-penicillamine. AB - Levamisole and D-penicillamine are not skin sensitizers in rats. Furthermore, they do not stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation in the draining lymph node when injected in oil into the hindpaw or base of the tail. Their copper coordination compounds also do not sensitize rats though they are irritant when injected locally. PMID- 7350123 TI - The prickly lettuce agglutinin. I. Isolation from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole). AB - An agglutinin has been isolated from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole). The prickly lettuce agglutinin (PLA) agglutinates erythrocytes of the mouse and rat, and binds to, but does not agglutinate erythrocytes of other species. PLA can be precipitated from crude plant extracts by cold acetone and ammonium sulfate treatment, is sensitive to proteolytic enzyme activity, and contains carbohydrate residues, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. The agglutinin has a molecular weight of approximately 84,000 as determined by SDS PAGE studies. The receptor for PLA has not been elucidated but may involve, in part, sialic acid residues. PMID- 7350124 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on neutrophil locomotion. AB - The effects of ascorbic acid on neutrophil locomotion were studied in experimental conditions able to dissociate random from truly directional motility. It was shown that the significant enhancement of chemotaxis achievable with high ascorbic acid concentrations was due to an increase of the true chemotactic response. With lower concentrations of ascorbic acid, chemotactic values were unaffected as the result of an increase in the rate of neutrophil locomotion with a concomitant inhibition of the true chemotactic response. Ascorbic acid appeared to exert its effect on the whole moving cell population. PMID- 7350125 TI - Time-lapse cinematography of the capillary tube cell migration inhibition test. AB - The kinetics of human and guinea pig cell migration inhibition have been studied using time-lapse cinematography of cells migrating from capillary tubes. Guinea pig and human cells exhibit markedly different kinetics in the absence of inhibitors. Specific antigen causes a dose-related inhibition of migration for up to 60 h using guinea pig cells and a peak of inhibition after 18 h using the human leucocyte system. The timing of measurement of maximum activity more critical for the latter test. The kinetics of lymphokine generation have been examined and the migration inhibitory activity of the plant mitogen (PHA), a Kurloff cell product and a continuous cell line supernatant have been compared with the inhibitory profiles of lymphokine preparations and specific antigen. PMID- 7350126 TI - Early rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits injected with foreign serum or milk proteins. III. Influence of concomitant IgE-like antibodies and of the breed of rabbit. AB - The presence of circulating IgE-like antibody was found not to enhance the induction of joint lesions, of moderate or greater intensity, by intravenous injection of bovine serum, but did make mild joint lesions more frequent. There was a positive correlation between increased white cell effusion into the joint fluid and joint lesions of moderate or greater intensity. Different breeds of rabbit were shown to produce different incidences of lesions suggesting a genetic influence on the development of rheumatoid-like joint lesions. The Old English breed was found to be particularly sensitive. PMID- 7350127 TI - An ocular perfusion system. AB - An enclosed system is described utilizing an osmotically driven pump to continuously deliver a solution to a variety of intraocular locations. The behavior of this system is illustrated by using it to measure the fluorescein turnover rate in the anterior chamber. PMID- 7350128 TI - Visual acuity measured with pupil responses to checkerboard stimuli. AB - The response of the pupil was measured to a foveally fixated small field in which checkerboards were alternated with a blank field of equal average luminance. The subjects studied had refractive errors, but their eyes were free from pathological changes. A pupil visual acuity could be derived, which showed a very high correlation with the subjective acuity with the same checkerboard stimuli. The method of obtaining pupil visual acuity seems to compare favorably with other objective methods of measuring visual acuity. PMID- 7350129 TI - Metabolism of calf trabecular (reticular) meshwork. AB - It has been found that calf eyes are an excellent source of trabecular meshwork tissue for biochemical studies. Homogenates of pooled meshwork were centrifuged at 27K X g and 1.5K X g. The high-speed supernatants produced lactate at 0.35 mumole/min/gm tissue in the presence of hexokinase-saturating concentrations of glucose (10 mM) at pH 7. The optimum pH was 7.6. In the absence of ammonia, lactate could be produced from fructose 1,6-diphosphate but not from glucose or glucose 6-phosphate. The optimum ammonia concentration was 1 to 2 mM. Lactate was produced at an even greater rate from fructose, but only poorly from sorbitol or galactose (all at 10 mM). The activity of hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and UDPG dehydrogenase was measured. Fructokinase could not be detected. The low-speed supernatant readily oxidized succinate, malate, and glutamate at about 0.012 muAtO/min/gm tissue. The oxidative rate in vivo is estimated to be about one third of this. These results demonstrate that knowledge of the normal metabolism of calf trabecular meshwork may be obtained with relative ease, with possible important implications for understanding the disease of glaucoma. PMID- 7350130 TI - Clinical specular microscopy. PMID- 7350131 TI - Experimental ocular cryptococcosis. Preliminary studies in cats and mice. AB - Ocular cryptococcosis was produced in cats by the intracarotid injection of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infected eyes developed a progressive, multifocal chorioretinitis which was comparable to that found in the naturally occurring feline disease. The severity of the ocular disease, the development of infection in the fellow eye, and the degree of systemic involvement were shown to be related to the number of organisms inoculated. Mice infected intracerebrally with the same organism developed optic nerve meningitis. The pathogenesis of the ocular lesions thus produced is discussed. PMID- 7350132 TI - Cataract-webbed trait in Peromyscus. II. Biomicroscopy and histology of eyes. AB - A longitudinal biomicroscopic study of lenses and fundi of over 2,000 Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice) which have cataracts as an autosomal recessive trait has been correlated with histologic development of cataracts. By selective breeding, early-onset cataracts (Type I), which are frequently associated with abnormal closure of the fetal fissure and hyaloid vascular abnormalities, have been separated from later-onset (Type II) cataracts, which are more heterogeneous. Type I cataracts occur in syndactylous deer mice, develop rapidly, and histologically may show backward migration of disrupted lens bow cells before lens opacity is apparent biomicroscopically. Posterior subcapsular cataracts then develop and spread centrally and inferonasally to the equatorial area and then to the entire equator. The nucleus opacifies in either a "shell" pattern or as isolated dots. Anterior cortical opacification progresses to mature cataract. Histologically, abnormal migration and proliferation of lens epithelium and enlargement and vacuolar degeneration of the basal (posterior) process of cortical lens fibers are early changes in Type I cataracts. Disruption of the lens bow with failure of differentiation and inward turning of lens epithelium to become lens fibers occurs concurrently. Type II cataracts may follow the developmental pattern of Type I but are rarely associated with severe hyaloid vascular abnormalities and progress more slowly. About 6% of animals develop diabetes, which is not associated with the cataract-webbed trait. PMID- 7350133 TI - Oxygen lowers intraocular pressure. AB - A significant decrease in intraocular pressure was demonstrated in 14 patients as atmospheric pressure was increased at intervals of 0.5 atmospheric pressure up to 3 atmospheres within a hyperbaric chamber. Nine of these patients had the identical protocol repeated in room air at atmospheric pressure without a significant change in intraocular pressure. Administration of 100% O2 at 15 L/min by partial rebreathing face mask to these patients using the same protocol at atmospheric pressure resulted in a significant decrease in intraocular pressure. The results in the oxygen and hyperbaric groups were not statistically different. While in the hyperbaric chamber, scleral rigidity increased uniformly, outflow facility decreased significantly, and keratometry readings remained unchanged. A significant decrease in intraocular prssure occurred in 20 rabbits that received 100% oxygen by partial rebreathing face mask for 180 minutes. Arterial blood gases were obtained at 0.90, and 180 min in seven rabbits. The pH and pCO2 did not change significantly; however, pO2 was markedly elevated. Increased oxygen concentration was felt to be responsible fot the decrease in intraocular pressure and the changes in other parameters observed in patients and rabbits. PMID- 7350134 TI - Central and peripheral retinal photoreceptor orientation in amblyopic eyes as assessed by the psychophysical Stiles-Crawford function. AB - Retinal photoreceptor orientational tendencies were assessed within both eyes of samples of control and selected functional amblyopic observers, with the psychophysical Stiles-Crawford (S-C) function used as an indicator. S-C function determinations were made at testing locations spanning 30 degrees of the horizontal meridian of the visual field and including the forced region. Normal appearing S-C functions with peak locations which clustered within a subregion of the pupil were found for all but one of the eyes tested. The single exception was a non-amblyopic eye of one of the amblyopic observers. Thus, within this sample of amblyopic eyes, visual acuity deficits are apparently not related to retinal photoreceptor alignment anomalies. PMID- 7350135 TI - Ocular microcirculation. Scanning electron microscopic study. AB - A simple vascular casting technique utilizing a low-viscosity plastic was used to study the three-dimensional ocular microcirculation of the cat eye. Vascular arrangements in different anatomic areas of the eye, i.e., iris, ciliary body, retina, optic nerve, and choroid, were clearly elucidated by scanning electron microscopy. This modified technique is described in detail, and scanning electron micrographs are presented to illustrate the reliable results. PMID- 7350136 TI - Dynamic vergence eye movements in strabismus and amblyopia: symmetric vergence. AB - Dynamic vergence eye movements in response to step target displacements along the midline were measured by an infrared reflection technique in 11 patients having either intermittent strabismus, constants-strabismus amblyopia, or amblyopia without strabismus. We found the absence of normal disparity (fusional) vergence in all patients having strabismus and in some patients having amblyopia without strabismus. A characteristic response consisting of a binocular accommodative vergence component and an early binocular saccadic component was used to foveate the target of interest with the dominant eye. Vergence responses in our control subjects and patients with the nondominant eye occluded were similar to those recorded in our patients during binocular viewing. These results suggest that disparity information is not utilized by patients, probably as a result of long term, ongoing suppression in the deviated or amblyopic eye. Accommodative vergence with the aid of an early foveating saccade was the primary mechanism for tracking targets in three-dimensional space. PMID- 7350137 TI - Studies on the retina and the pigment epithelium in hereditary canine ceroid lipofuscinosis. III. Morphologic abnormalities in retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells. AB - Studies of the retina in 6- and 22-month-old English setters with progressive blindness, ataxia, and muscle weakness demonstrated a marked accumulation of abnormal cytosomes within neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Ganglion cells contained abundant cytosomes with evenly spaced stacks of membranes; bipolar and amacrine cell cytosomes consisted of dense, amorphous material with closely spaced configurations of light and dark lines; cytosomes within photoreceptor cells contained faintly staining curved profiles. All three cytosomes resembled those previously reported in brain neurons of CCL dogs. In retinal pigmented epithelial cells, there were prominent accumulations of lamellar fragments, either free in the cytoplasm or incorporated into melanin granules. These retinal abnormalities are likely to be related to deficiences of peroxidase and defects of lipid peroxidation. The pathologic and biochemical changes seen in these dogs are similar in many respects to those reported in human patients with Batten disease. As such, these dogs provide a convenient model for the study disease mechanisms and for therapeutic approaches to blindness in Batten disease. PMID- 7350138 TI - Electroretinograms in English setters with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from three adult English setters with advanced neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and three normal controls. Affected setters showed 30% to 40% reductions in a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, normal cone and rod b-wave implicit times, and slightly elevated a-wave and b wave thresholds. The ERGs of these affected setters differed from those that have been recorded from humans with neuromal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease), humans with hereditary retinitis pigmentosa, Irish setters with rod-cone dysplasia, and miniature French poodles with progressive rod-cone degeneration. PMID- 7350139 TI - Collagen production by cultured retinal capillary pericytes. AB - The cells that proliferate from microvessels isolated from calf retinas and placed in tissue culture have been found to derive from the intramural pericytes. When these cells were cultured in medium supplemented with ascorbate and pulsed for 24 hr with [14C]proline, about 2% of the [14C]proline in the nondialyzable protein secreted into the culture medium by these cells was hydroxylated, and about 10% of the incorporated [4C]proline was solubilized by purified collagenase. Agarose gel chromatography of the postculture media showed that unreduced [14C]collagen polypeptides were recovered in large-molecular-weight aggregates (greater than 300,000 daltons) which were largely converted to chains of approximately 95,000 molecular weight and some dimers and trimers of MW approximately 180,000 and 270,000 when the medium was subjected to reduction and alkylation prior to chromatography. The findings indicate that cultured retinal pericytes elaborate collagen and suggest the production of type III collagen. Retinal microvessel cells in culture may facilitate study of abnormalities in retinal pericyte function and collagen synthesis that occur in retinal vascular diseases. PMID- 7350140 TI - Noninvasive measurements of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence from the cornea. AB - The autofluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (NADH and NADPH) and oxidized flavoproteins within the rabbit cornea were noninvasively measured as a function of depth. This was accomplished by combining a corneal specular microscope with a time-shared spectrofluorometer. When either 8 mM sodium pentobarbital or sodium sulfide, known inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration were applied to cornea, the autofluorescence at 440 nm (excited at 366 nm) increased and that at 540 nm (excited at 460 nm) decreased. No autofluorescence was measurable following destruction of the cellular membranes by freezing and leaching of the cellular constituents. The 440 nm autofluorescence is from reduced pyridine nucleotides, whereas the 540 nm autofluorescence is from the oxidized flavoproteins. The time course of the pyridine nucleotide autofluorescence after the application of the pentobarbital to either the endothelial or epithelial bathing solutions made it possible to measure the diffusion properties of this drug through the cornea. The method used is useful studying the diffusion and effects of metabolically active drugs upon the cornea. PMID- 7350141 TI - Evidence that tropoelastin is the primary precursor in elastin biosynthesis. PMID- 7350142 TI - Respiratory fuels and nitrogen metabolism in vivo in small intestine of fed rats. Quantitative importance of glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate. PMID- 7350143 TI - Metabolism in rats in vivo of (2S)[3,3,3-2H3]isobutyrate. Identification of (2 pro-S)methyl group as the source of a proton in dehydrogenation. AB - (2S)[3,3,3-2H3]Isobutyrate, sodium salt, was synthesized and administered intraperitoneally to normal rats. Urinary organic acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid excreted by the rats, analyzed as both a methyl and an isopropyl ester, was found to be enriched almost exclusively with two deuteriums in the hydroxymethyl moiety of the molecule. This result, together with our previous observation that deuterium of [2 2H1]isobutyrate was lost before the formation of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, indicates that isobutyric acid is dehydrogenated stereospecifically at the (2-pro-S)methyl and alpha-methine groups. The resulting methacrylate is then hydrated with hydrogen addition to the same side of the molecule as it was abstracted from to produce (S)(+)-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid. PMID- 7350144 TI - Effects of tunicamycin on the biosynthesis of procollagen by human fibroblasts. PMID- 7350145 TI - Inhibition of sialoglycosphingolipid (ganglioside) biosynthesis in mouse clonal lines N4TG1 and NG108-15 by beta-endorphin, enkephalins, and opiates. PMID- 7350146 TI - Phospholipid vesicle-reconstituted cytochrome P-450SCC. Mutually facilitated binding of cholesterol and adrenodoxin. PMID- 7350147 TI - Transferrin gene expression. Effects of nutritional iron deficiency. AB - Nutritional iron deficiency was produced experimentally by raising newly hatched chicks on an iron-deficient diet for several weeks. During this time, hematocrit and hemoglobin values declined, iron stores were depleted, and the circulating level of transferrin increased 2- to 4-fold. The increase in serum transferrin was related to a similar increase in the rate of transferrin synthesis in liver. In addition, the level of transferrin mRNA sequences, as determined by hybridization to a specific cDNA, increased 2- to 3-fold, and more than 80% of the transferrin mRNA was associated with polyribosomes in both control and iron deficient liver. These results demonstrate that the induction of transferrin synthesis in iron-deficient chicks is regulated directly by an increase in transferrin mRNA. The iron-mediated effects on transferrin also appear to be gene specific since the rate of synthesis of serum albumin, the major secretory product of liver, was unaffected by any of the experimental conditions. Furthermore, when iron stores were rapidly replenished by the administration of iron-saturated ferritin, both the rate of transferrin synthesis and the level of transferrin mRNA returned to control values with 2 to 3 days. PMID- 7350148 TI - Transferrin gene expression. Regulation of mRNA transcription in chick liver by steroid hormones and iron deficiency. PMID- 7350149 TI - Interaction of fibrinogen with its platelet receptor as part of a multistep reaction in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 7350150 TI - Elevated dolichol synthesis in mouse testes during spermatogenesis. AB - The synthesis in mouse testes of the isoprenoid lipid dolichol, the phosphate esters of which are involved in glycoprotein assembly, was investigated. Because the pathways for dolichol and cholesterol branch from a common sequence of reactions, comparisons of the rates of synthesis of these two lipids can reveal specific alterations in the flow of metabolites along the branch leading to dolichol. Our results showed that the ratio of dolichol to sterol synthesis in testes was from 20- to 72-fold higher than any ratios we have measured in murine liver or cell cultures. In contrast, testes deficient in spermatogenic cells, from x-irradiated mice, or from mice with mutant W/Wv or at/at genotypes, synthesized normal amounts of cholesterol, but much less dolichol. Thus, the high rate of dolichol synthesis in normal testes appeared to be associated with one or more of the spermatogenic cell types. It was also observed that newly biosynthesized testicular dolichols are slightly more polar than the pig liver dolichols used as standards. Possible modifications of the dolichol structures that might account for the increased polarity are discussed. PMID- 7350151 TI - The modulation of the thymidine triphosphate pool of Chinese hamster cells by dCMP deaminase and UDP reductase. Thymidine auxotrophy induced by CTP in dCMP deaminase-deficient lines. PMID- 7350152 TI - Characteristics of glutathione biosynthesis by freshly isolated rat kidney cells. PMID- 7350153 TI - Perfusion-dependent induction of de novo synthesis of renal phosphatide acyl hydrolase in ureter-obstructed rabbit kidney. PMID- 7350154 TI - Age-related changes in the structure of the proteoglycan subunits from human articular cartilage. PMID- 7350155 TI - Are carboxylations involving biotin concerted or nonconcerted? AB - Transcarboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase catalyze the elimination of HF from beta-fluoropropionyl-CoA to form acrylyl-CoA. No carboxylation products of fluoropropionyl-CoA could be detected. The elimination proceeds at approximately the same rate as the normal carboxylation reactions. With propionyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP was required (HCO3- was also present) and was hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. The rate of ADP formation was equal to that of acrylyl-CoA formation. A previous report (Stubbe, J. A., and Abeles, R. H. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8338 -8340) that acrylyl-CoA formation is faster than ADP formation is in error. With transcarboxylase, oxalacetate was required for acrylyl-CoA formation, and pyruvate was produced. The rate of pyruvate formation was equal to that of acrylyl-CoA formation. We conclude that the ability of the enzyme to catalyze the elimination of HF from beta-fluoropropionyl-CoA indicates that the enzyme can catalyze the abstraction of the substrate alpha-proton without concomitant carboxylation of the substrate. We also conclude that the normal catalytic reaction, therefore, probably involves a carbanion intermediate and does not proceed through a concerted process as has frequently been proposed. PMID- 7350156 TI - Spectrophotometric identification of the pigment associated with light-driven primary sodium translocation in Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7350157 TI - Faithful transcription of adenovirus 5.5 S RNA gene by RNA polymerase III in a human KB cell-free extract. PMID- 7350158 TI - Selective endogenous phosphorylation of two liver microsomal polypeptides in the presence of micromolar levels of Mg2+ ion. PMID- 7350159 TI - The role of phospholipids and factor Va in the prothrombinase complex. AB - The kinetic parameters of the conversion of bovine prothrombin into thrombin by activated bovine blood clotting factor X (Xa) have been determined in the absence and presence of Ca2+, activated bovine factor V (Va) and phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/dioleoylphosphatidylserine, 1:1; mol/mol). In the absence of accessory components, the Km for prothrombin is 131 microM, which is well above its concentration in bovine plasma of about 1.5 microM. The Vmax of thrombin formation is 0.61 mol min-1 mol of Xa-1 under these conditions. In the presence of 7.5 microM phospholipid, the Km drops to 0.058 microM and the Vmax slightly increases to 2.25 mol min-1 mol of Xa. For the complete prothrombinase complex (Xa, Va, Ca2+, and 7.5 microM phospholipid), a Km for prothrombin of 0.21 microM and a Vmax of 1919 mol min-1 mol of Xa-1 is found. The Vmax of thrombin formation slightly increases when more phospholipid is present in our experiments and there is a considerable increase of the Km for prothrombin at higher phospholipid concentrations. Preliminary calculations show that the prothrombin density at the phospholipid surface at the Km is independent of the phospholipid concentration. This indicates that the Km measured in the presence of phospholipid has to be regarded as an apparent Km and the local prothrombin concentration determines the kinetics of activation. Prothrombin activation by prothrombinase complexes of different compositions was followed by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both in the absence and presence of phospholipid but without factor Va, prethrombin 2 is the main product formed during the initial stages of steady state prothrombin activation. In the presence of factor Va, thrombin is the main end product and minute amounts of prethrombin 2 are formed. This shift in the reaction pathway of prothrombin activation caused by factor Va will contribute to the observed increase of the Vmax measured in the presence of factor Va. PMID- 7350160 TI - Isolation and characterization of Shigella shigae cytotoxin. AB - Shigella shigae cytotoxin was isolated from pressure-dialyzed culture medium and from a 26-year-old sample of partially purified toxin. The toxin was adsorbed to a column of acid-treated chitin at low salt concentration and eluted with 1 M NaCl. The partially purified toxin was labeled with 125 I and resubmitted to chromatography on acid-treated chitin. The labeled material eluted with 1 M NaCl was mixed with unlabeled rabbit hemoglobin as a carrier and the toxin was further purified by chromatography on a DE52 column and by sucrose gradient centrifugation. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the pure Shigella toxin migrated as two bands corresponding to molecular weights of 30,500 and of about 11,000. The intact toxin may consist of one heavy chain and four to five copies of the light chain. In isoelectric focusing experiments, Shigella toxin was recovered from a broad zone between pH 5.8 and pH 7.5. This appears to be due to charge heterogeneities both in the large and the small chain. Most cell lines tested were completely resistant even to high concentrations of Shigella toxin. Vero cells and one strain of HeLa cells were very sensitive, 2.5 pg/ml of pure toxin induced 50% inhibition of protein synthesis overnight in HeLa cells. PMID- 7350161 TI - Preparation of 125I-discoidin I and the properties of its binding to Dictyostelium discoideum cells. PMID- 7350162 TI - Sequential deiodination of thyroxine to 3,3'-diiodothyronine via 3,5,3' triiodothyronine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in rat liver homogenate. The effects of fasting versus glucose feeding. AB - The characteristics of thyroxine (T4) deiodination to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) and of each of the latter to 3,3' diiodothyronine (3,3'T2) were examined in rat liver homogenate. Each of the four reactions was enzymatic in nature, demonstrating pH and temperature optima, and tissue and time dependence. All reactions were considerably augmented (greater than 10-fold) by the presence of a thiol agent. At pH 7.2 with 2 muM T4 as substrate, rT3 generation was 3.3 +/- 0.44 (S.E.) and T3 formation was 4.8 +/- 0.57 pmol/min/100 mg of homogenate protein. Fasting for 72 h resulted in a significant inhibition of T4 deiodination, compared to that in the glucose-fed animals, in a 2% homogenate preparation. Enzyme activity for T4 to T3 was reduced by 54% (p less than 0.05) in the homogenate from the fasted rats. Fasting lowered the enzyme activity of T4 to rT3 by 56% (p less than 0.05). Although the monodeiodination of T3 to 3,3'-T2 was also significantly depressed (p less than 0.01) by fasting, rT3 deiodination to 3,3'-T2 was not. The in vitro additon of 5 mM dithioerythritol did not reverse the effect of fasting on any reaction. These results demonstrate that a 72-h fast significantly impairs the sequential deiodination of T4 in liver homogenate. The effect of fasting appears to be mediated mainly through a reduction in enzyme concentration rather than co-factor availability. PMID- 7350163 TI - Proton nuclear nagnetic resonance characterization of heme disorder in monomeric insect hemoglobins. PMID- 7350164 TI - Comparison of different forms of purified cytochrome P-450 from rat liver by immunological inhibition of regio- and stereoselective metabolism of warfarin. PMID- 7350165 TI - Calcium-induced quiescence in reactivated sea urchin sperm. AB - Sperm flagella of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla beat with asymmetrical bending waves after demembranation with Triton X-100 in the presence of EGTA and reactivation at pH 8.1 with 1 mM ATP in the presence of 2 mM MgSO4. Addition of 0.1--0.2 mM free Ca2+ to these reactivated sperm induces 70--95% of them to become quiescent. This quiescence can be reversed by reduction of the free Ca2% concentration with EGTA, or by dilution to reduce the MgATP2- concentration below 0.3 mM. The quiescent waveform is characterized by a sharp principal bend of approximately 5.6 rad in the proximal region of the flagellum, a slight reverse bend in the midregion that averages approximately 0.3 rad, and a principal bend of approximately 1.1 rad in the tip. The quiescent sperm are highly fragile mechanically, and disruption, including microtubule sliding, occurs spontaneously at a slow rate upon standing or immediately upon gentle agitation. Mild digestion by trypsin causes a gradual appearance of normal, symmetrical flagellar beating. Addition of increasing concentrations of vanadate to quiescent sperm causes a graded decrease in the proximal bend angle, with 50 micrometers vanadate reducing it to approximately 2.6 rad. In the presence of 0.1 mM free Ca2% and 10 micrometers vanadate, a characteristic, crescented stationary bend is induced in the demembranated sperm, without intermediate oscillatory beating, by the addition of either 0.1 or 1 mM ATP. In the absence of vanadate, these two concentrations of ATP produce asymmetric beating and quiescence, respectively. The results support the hypothesis that quiescence in live sperm is induced by an elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2%. In addition, they demonstrate that bending can occur in flagella in which oscillatory beating is inhibited and emphasize the close relationship between asymmetric beating and quiescence. PMID- 7350166 TI - Head-to-tail polymerization of microtubules in vitro. Electron microscope analysis of seeded assembly. AB - Microtubules are polar structures, and this polarity is reflected in their biased directional growth. Following a convention established previously (G. G. Borisy, 1978, J. Mol. Biol. 124:565--570), we define the plus (+) and minus (-) ends of a microtubule as those equivalent in structural orientation to the distal and proximal ends, respectively, of the A subfiber of flagellar outer doublets. Rates of elongation were obtained for both ends using flagellar axonemes as seeds and porcine brain microtubule protein as subunits. Since the two ends of a flagellar seed are distinguishable morphologically, elongation of each end may be analyzed separately. By plotting rates of elongation at various concentrations of subunit protein, we have determined the association and dissociation rate constants for the plus and minus ends. Under our conditions at 30 degrees C, the association constants were 7.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 2.25 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for the plus and minus ends, respectively, and the dissociation constants were 17 s-1 and 7 s-1. From these values and Wegner's equations (1976, J. Mol. Biol. 108:139--150), we identified the plus end of the microtubule as its head and calculated "s," the head-to-tail polymerization parameter. Surprisingly small values (s = 0.07 +/- 0.02) were found. The validity of models of mitosis based upon head-to-tail polymerization (Margolis et al., 1978, Nature (Lond.) 272:450--452) are discussed in light of a small value for s. PMID- 7350167 TI - Polarity of microtubules nucleated by centrosomes and chromosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. AB - The structural and growth polarities of centrosomal and chromosomal microtubules were studied by analyzing the kinetics of growth of these microtubules and those initiated by flagellar seeds. By comparing rates of elongation of centrosomal and flagellar-seeded microtubules, we determined whether the centrosomal microtubules were free to grow at their plus ends only, minus ends ony, or at both ends. Our results show that centrosomal microtubules elongate at a rate corresponding to the addition of subunits at the plus end only. The depolymerization rate was also equivalent to that for the plus end only. Chromosomal microtubule elongation was similar to the centrosome-initiated growth. Since the data do not support the hypothesis that both ends of these spindle microtubules are able to interact with monomer in solution, then growth must occur only distal or only proximal to the organizing centers, implying tha the opposite ends in unavailable for exchange of subunits. Experiments with flagellar-seeded microtubules serving as internal controls indicated that the inactivity of the minus end could not be accounted for by a diffusible inhibitor, suggesting a structural explanation. Since there is no apparent way in which the distal ends may be capped, whereas the proximal ends are embedded in the pericentriolar cloud, we conclude that centrosomal microtubules are oriented with their plus ends distal to the site of nucleation. A similar analysis for chromosomal microtubules suggests that they too must be oriented with their plus ends distal to the site of initiation. PMID- 7350168 TI - Aggregation-dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes. AB - Previous studies on flagellar adhesion in chlamydomonas (Snell, W. and S. Roseman. 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254:10820-10829.) have shown that as gametes adhere to flagella isolated from gametes of the opposite mating type, the adhsiveness of the added flagella but not of the gametes is lost. The studies reported here show that the addition of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide [CH] or anisomycin) to the medium of such cell- flagella mixtures causes the cells to lose their adhesiveness. This loss, however, occurs only after the cells have interacted with 4-8 flagella/cell and does not occur if the cells are kept in CH (7 h) without aggregating. The availability of an impotent (imp) mating type plus (MT(+)) mutant (provided by U.W. Goodenough), which adheres but is unable to undergo the fusion that normally follows adhesion, made it possible to determine whether a similar loss of adhesiveness occurs in mixtures of matting type minus (mt(-)) and imp mt(+) gametes. In the absence of inhibitor, mt(-) and imp mt(+) gametes adhered to each other (without fusing) for several hours; however, in the presence of CH or anisomycin, the gametes began to de-adhere 35 min after mixing, and, by 90 min, 100 percent of the cells were single again. This effect was reversible, and the rapid turnover of cells were single again. This effect was reversible, and the rapid turnover of molecules involved in adhesion occurred only during adhesion inasmuch as gametes pretreated for 4 h with CH were able to aggregate in CH for the same length of time as nonpretreated cells aggregated in CH. By the addition of CH at various times after the mt(-) and imp mt(+) gametes were mixed, measurements were made of the "pool size" of the molecules involved in adhesion. The pool reached a minimum after 25 min of aggregation, rapidly increased for the next 25 min, and then leveled off at the premixing level. These results suggest that flagellar adhesion in chlamydomonas causes modification of surface molecules (receptors, ligands), which brings about their inactivation and stimulates their replacement. PMID- 7350169 TI - Evidence that microtubules play a permissive role in hepatocyte very low density lipoprotein secretion. AB - To determine whether a minimum number of assembled microtubules is required for very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride TG) secretion in hepatocytes, antimicrotubule drugs of different concentrations were given to rats. Hepatic VLDL-TG release was subsequently measured by a liver perfusion system, and hepatocyte ultrastructural changes were analyzed by quantitative ultrastructural methods. The results demonstrate a tight coupling between the reduction in hepatocyte microtubule content and the reduction in hepatic VLDL-TG secretion which is related to the dose of colchicine or vinblastine administered. The various estimates imply that a minimum number of microtubules is necessary for hepatic VLDL secretion to proceed normally and that hepatic VLDL secretion rates reach their nadir (10--30% of control) when microtubules comprise less than 0.005% of the cytoplasm (or less than 10% of control values) when microtubules comprise less than 0.005% of the cytoplasm (or less than 10% of control values). At this point, hepatocyte Golgi complexes are also greatly altered; Golgi complexes with recognizable dictyosomal membranes are reduced to 15% of control values and the region is filled with large numbers of electron-dense bodies which appear to be lysosomes in the process of digesting VLDL. There is a predilection for the remaining Golgi complexes to be associated with a few segments of microtubules, even when no microtubules can be measured in random samplings of hepatocytes. Clusters of vacuoles containing VLDL are also present throughout the cytoplasm; the limiting membranes of 25% of these vacuoles are studded with ribosomes. These findings demonstrate that the administration of antimicrotubule agents results in decreases in hepatic VLDL-TG secretion which are associated with loss of microtubules and alteration of existing Golgi complexes. PMID- 7350170 TI - Adhesion between liposomes mediated by the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex isolated from chloroplast membranes. AB - A highly purified chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex (chl a/b LHC; chl a/b ratio 1.2) was obtained from Triton-solubilized chloroplast membranes of pea and barley according to the method of Burke et al. (1978, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 187: 252--263). Gel electrophoresis of the cation-precipitated chl a/b LHC from peas reveals the presence of four polypeptides in the 23- to 28-kdalton size range. Three of these peptides appear to be identical to those derived from re electrophoresed CPII and CPII* bands. In freeze-fracture replicas, the cation precipitated chl a/b LHC appears as a semicrystalline aggregate of membranous sheets containing closely spaced granules. Upon removal of the cations by dialysis, the aggregates break up into their constituent membranous sheets without changing their granular substructure. These membranous sheets can be resolubilized in 1.5% Triton X-100, and the chl a/b LHC particles then reconstituted into soybean lecithin liposomes. Freeze-fracture micrographs of the reconstituted chl a/b LHC vesicles suspended in a low salt medium reveal randomly dispersed approximately 80-A particles on both concave and convex fracture faces as well as some crystalline particle arrays, presumably resulting from incompletely solubilized fragments of the membranous sheets. Based on the approximately 80-A diameter of the particles, and on the assumption that one freeze-fracture particle represents the structural unit of one chl a/b LHC aggregate, a theoretical mol wt of approximately 200 kdalton has been calculated for the chl a/b LHC. Deep-etching and negative-staining techniques reveal that the chl a/b LHC particles are also exposed on the surface of the bilayer membranes. Addition of greater than or equal to 2 mM MgCl2 or greater than or equal to 60 mM NaCl to the reconstituted vesicles leads to their aggregation and, with divalent cations, to the formation of extensive membrane stacks. At the same time, the chl a/b LHC particles become clustered into the adhering membrane regions. Under these conditions the particles in adjacent membranes usually become precisely aligned. Evidence is presented to aupport the hypothesis that adhesion between the chl a/b LHC particles is mediated by hydrophobic interactions, and that the cations are needed to neutralize surface charges on the particles. PMID- 7350171 TI - Fibroblast receptor for lysosomal enzymes mediates pinocytosis of multivalent phosphomannan fragment. AB - Mild acid hydrolysis of phosphomannan secreted by the yeast hansenula holstii (NRRL Y- 2448) produces two phosphomannyl fragments which differ strikingly in their potency as inhibitors of pinocytosis of human beta-glucuronidase by human fibroblasts. The larger molecular weight polyphosphomonoester fragment is 100,000 fold more potent an inhibitor of enzyme uptake than the smaller penta-mannosyl monophosphate fragment. Binding to attached fibroblasts at 3 degrees C was much greater with the polyphosphomonoester fragment than with the pentamannosyl monophosphate. The larger molecular weight fragment was also subject to adsorptive pinocytosis and was taken up by fibroblasts at a rate 30- fold greater than the rate of uptake of pentamannosyl-monophosphate. Evidence that the polyphosphomonoester fragment is taken up by the phosphomannosyl-recognition system that mediates uptake of lysosomal enzymes includes: (a) its pinocytosis is inhibited by the same compounds that competitively inhibit enzyme pinocytosis (mannose-6-phosphate and phosphomannan from saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant mnn 1); (b) alkaline phosphatase treatment greatly reduces its susceptibility to pinocytosis; (c) its pinocytosis is competitively inhibited by high-uptake human beta-glucuronidase; and (d) this inhibition by high-uptake enzyme is dramatically reduced by prior treatment of the enzyme with alkaline phosphatase or endoglycosidase-H. Endoglycosidase-H treatment human beta-glucuronidase dramatically reduced its susceptibility to pinocytosis by fibroblasts. The phosphomannosyl components of high- uptake enzyme released by endoglycosidase-H treatment were much less effective inhibitors of polyphosphomonoester pinocytosis than when present on the phosphomannyl-enzyme. These results suggest that high uptake acid hydrolases may be polyvalent ligands analogous to the polyphosphomonoester mannan fragment whose pinocytosis depends on interaction of more than one phospho-mannosyl recognition marker with pinocytosis receptors on fibroblasts. PMID- 7350172 TI - Distribution of terminal glycosyltransferases in hepatic Golgi fractions. AB - The distribution of the three glycosyltransferases synthesizing the terminal trisaccharide sialic acid yields D-galactose yields N-acetylglucosamine present in many glycoproteins was determined in Golgi fractions prepared from rat liver homogenates by a modification of the procedure of Ehrenreich et al. (1973, J. Cell Biol. 70:671--684). The enzymes were assayed with asialofetuin, ovomucoid, and Smith-degraded ovomucoid as sugar acceptors. Careful adjustment of the pH of all sucrose solutions to 7.0 +/- 0.1 prevented enzyme inactivation, and allowed quantitative recoveries at every isolation step. The three morphologically and functionally different Golgi fractions GJ1, GF2, and GF3 showed (in that order) decreasing specific activities of all three enzymes, but the relative amounts and relative specific activities of the three transferases in any given fraction were nearly identical. Two marginal fractions, one extra heavy (collected on the gradient below GF3) and the other extra light (isolated by flotation from the postmicrosomal supernate) were found to contain recognizable Golgi elements. An enrichment of any transferase over the two others was not detected in either preparation. A partial release of content from a combined GF1+2 was achieved by treatment with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. Low Triton/phospholipid ratios (less than 2 mg/mg) led to lysis of the vesicles and cisternae and loss of very low density lipoprotein particles (ascertained by electron microscopy), but failed to separate the transferases from each other; the three enzymes sedimented together with a population of empty vesicles to a density of approximately 1.08 g/ml. PMID- 7350173 TI - Prednisone increases the number of insulin receptors on monocytes from normal subjects. AB - The effect of prednisone on insulin receptors on circulating monocytes was studied in 38 normal volunteers. Intake of prednisone in doses which are usually employed in clinical treatment (40 mg/day) was associated with a significant increase int the number of insulin receptors. The rise in insulin binding was maximal 7 h after the begining of the medication and it was dose related. PMID- 7350174 TI - Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease. AB - We evaluated basal plasma total immunoreactive insulin (insulin), androstenedione, and testosterone in 14 obese women: 8 with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and 6 obese controls. All 3 hormones were significantly elevated (P less than 0.02 to P less than 0.001) in PCOD patients. A significant correlation among basal levels of plasma insulin, androstenedione, and testosterone was demonstrated. The PCOD group had significantly higher levels of glucose at 1, 2, and 3 h, with similar significant increases in plasma insulin levels at 0, 2, and 3 h. A significant correlation was found between plasma insulin response areas and plasma testosterone (P less than 0.001) in the control and PCOD patients. These studies demonstrate that hyperandrogenism correlates with hyperinsulinism. PMID- 7350175 TI - Relationship between urinary kallikrein and renal sodium handling during water immersion in normal man. PMID- 7350176 TI - The temporal relationship between endogenously secreted stress hormones and metabolic decompensation in diabetic man. AB - Stress-induced diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by an elevation in stress hormone concentration. Whether metabolic decompensation induces or results from the secretion of stress hormones has not been examined. Our study examined the temporal relationship between the onset of stress (pyrogen-induced shaking chills and fever); the elevation in stress hormone concentation; and the rise in plasma glucose, ketone bodies, and nonesterified fatty acid concentration. Insulin deficiency, which may itself induce stress hormone secretion, was prevented by the continuous infusion of insulin (0.01 U/kg.h). Pyrogen administration induced malaise and fever in all diabetic volunteers and the rapid endogenous secretion of all stress hormones. The rise in plasma GH, catecholamines, and cortisol preceded the rise in plasma nonesterified fatty acid and ketone body concentrations by at least 30 min. The rise in plasma glucagon concentration preceded the rise in plasma glucose concentration by at lease 1 h. Thus, these studies support a primary role for stress hormones in initiating metabolic decompensation in stressed diabetic man. PMID- 7350177 TI - Steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in a 65-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite: the natural history, ultrastructure of the testes, and evidence for inherited enzyme heterogeneity. AB - We report a 65-yr-old male pseudohermaphrodite with steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in whom there was no medical intervention before, during, or after puberty, enabling us to observe the natural history of this condition. The affected subject has an android build, with more facial and body hair than in previously described affected adults. Although the subject was raised as a girl, a male gender identity evolved with the events of puberty, but social factors have delayed the complete expression of a male gender role. Plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone and the in vivo conversion of radiolabeled testosterone to dihydrotestosterone were decreased. There was an elevated urinary etiocholanolone to androsterone ratio, typical of the syndrome. Characterization of 5 alpha reductase enzyme activity in cultured genital skin fibroblasts demonstrated a pattern of enzyme activity distinctly different from three previously described families with this condition. There was decreased enzyme affinity for testosterone and NADPH. Also, the stability of the enzyme to elevated temperature was not protected by NADPH, resulting in rapid disappearance of enzyme activity after inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Electron microscopic evaluation of the testes was carried out. PMID- 7350178 TI - Biochemical properties of the 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cytosol receptors from human and chicken intestinal mucosa. AB - Specific cytoplasmic receptors for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are shown to be present in human intestinal cytosol which are very similar to the analogous 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors present in chick intestinal cytosol. Both receptors are 3.5S proteins which aggregate under low ionic strength conditions. They have molecular weights of approximately 60,000 and Stokes' molecular radii of 33 A. The equilibrium dissociation constants for the receptors were both 2 X 10(-10) M at 4 C. The association rate constant for the human receptor was found to be 2.5 X 10(7) M-1 min-1 at 0 C, while a value of 0.5 X 10(7) M-1 min-1 was obtained for the chick receptor. The dissociation rate constants at 4 C were 6.4 X 10(-4) min-1 (human) and 3.6 X 10(-5) min-1 (chick). In addition, it was found that both receptors possessed reduced cysteine residues near the 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-binding site which were critical for receptor-binding activity. The similarities between the human and the chick receptors suggests that homologous mechanisms for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 interactions may be at work in both mammalian and avian intestinal systems. PMID- 7350179 TI - Characteristics of aldosterone binding in human plasma. PMID- 7350180 TI - A rapid, centrifugation-free radioimmunoassay specific for human chorionic gonadotropin using glass beads as solid phase. AB - A simple, specific, rapid, centrifugation-free solid phase RIA for hCG has been developed. Purified gamma-globulin isolated from antisera produced against hCG beta in rabbits is covalently linked to glutaraldehyde-activated aminopropyl glass beads. The entire assay can be completed within 3 h at room temperature. The sensitivity (1 ng/ml), precision (intra- and interassay variabilities, less than 10% and less than 15%, respectively), and specificity (0.4% cross-reactivity with LH) are comparable to other methods. The hCG levels determined by the present method show good correlation with those obtained by another RIA and by radioreceptorassay. The present method also provides the basis for the development of similar rapid and sensitive assays of other hormones. PMID- 7350181 TI - Dissociated responses of plasma testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone to single or repeated human chorionic gonadotropin administration in normal men. AB - After both single (1500 IU) and daily repeated (1500 IU daily for 3 days) im administration of hCG, peak values of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) were achieved 24 h after the single or first injection, whereas plasma testosterone (T) levels reached their maximum 48 h later. After the peak value of 17-OHP at 24 h, both steroids ran dissociated courses with the T levels rising and the 17-OHP levels falling. In both the single and repeated hCG experiments, the initial rise of 17-OHP was more pronounced than that of T, leading to a steep temporary increase of the 17-OHP to T ratio in the first 24 h. Repeated hCG administration for 3 days to the same subjects elicited T responses at 48 and 72 h quantitatively similar to those produced by single hCG loading, although the 17 OHP response appeared slightly higher in the multiple dose experiment. The data indicate that exogenous gonadotropins may influence testicular steroidogenesis not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively, possibly by altering enzyme activities. PMID- 7350182 TI - Sensitivity of the antibovine parathyroid hormone serum 211/32 to synthetic fragments of human parathyroid hormone. AB - The specificity of the guinea pig antibovine parathyroid hormone (anti-bPTH) serum, AS 211/32, for various regions of the PTH molecule was tested with synthetic fragments of human PTH (hPTH). The antiserum detected both hPTH-(1-34) and hPTH-(44--68) at about 0.5 fmol/tube but was 3- to 20-fold less sensitive to hPTH-(53--84). Nine of 10 anti-PTH sera also recognized hPTH-(44--68) better than hPTH-(53--84). The sensitivity of AS 211/32 and 6 other antisera to the amino terminal region was highly dependent upon the nature of the tracer bPTH. One of 3 lots of highly purified bPTH tracer yielded assays which detected hPTH-(1--34) poorly. AS 211/32 is not purely an amino-terminal antiserum and with some tracer preparations may show little amino-terminal specificity. PMID- 7350183 TI - Pinealectomy abolishes plasma melatonin in the rat. AB - Using gas chromatography-negative ionization mass spectrometry, plasma melatonin levels in pinealectomized and sham-operated rats were assessed. The pinealectomized rats consistently demonstrated an absence of plasma melatonin while the intact animals showed detectable amounts. This suggests that although melatonin may be formed in tissues other than a pineal gland, the contribution to plasma is of pineal origin. Thus, plasma melatonin levels can be used as a marker of circadian melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and of its beta-adrenergic regulation. PMID- 7350184 TI - Evidence from radioligand assays that somatomedin-C and insulin-like growth factor-I are similar to each other and different from other somatomedins. AB - Somatomedin-C (SM-C) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) produced identical curves of competition in a RIA for SM-C, and in placental cell membrane receptor assays for SM-C and insulin. Somatomedin-A (SM-A), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and two forms of multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) were less than 5% as potent as SM-C/IGF-I in the RIA and less than 50% that of SM-C/IGFi in the SM-C receptor assay. In the insulin receptor assay, IGF-II and MSA III-2 were much more potent than SM-C/IGF-I. The present data suggest that SM-C and IGF-I are functionally identical substances. PMID- 7350185 TI - The effect of adrenergic receptor blockade on the exercise-induced rise in pancreatic polypeptide in man. AB - The effect of adrenergic receptor-blocking agents upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), human GH (hGH), immunoreactive insulin, and glucose during graded submaximal exercise was ascertained in six healthy nonobese males. Subjects exercised from 0--27 min on a motor-driven treadmill and received infusions from -10 to 40 min of either 1) saline, 2) saline plus phentolamine (0.5 mg/min; alpha-adrenergic blockade), or 3) propranolol (3 mg) from -10 to -5 min, followed by saline plus propranolol (0.08 mg/min; beta-adrenergic blockade). During saline-exercise, mean plasma hPP rose from a mean (+/-SE) basal level of 45 +/- 11 to 149 +/- 51 pg/ml at 27 min, whereas with phentolamine-exercise, the maximal level reached by mean plasma hPP (305 +/- 28 pg/ml) was significantly greater than that with saline (P less than 0.05). During propranolol-exercise, mean plasma hPP did not rise significantly above the basal level. The incremental area under the hPP curve for phentolamine-exercise also was significantly greater than that for saline-exercise or propranolol-exercise. The changes in plasma hGH during and after saline-exercise correlated with those of hPP, but the effects of phentolamine and propranolol upon exercise-induced increases in hGH were opposite to the effects upon hPP. The exercise-induced fall in immunoreactive insulin was accentuated with propranolol and abolished with phentolamine. It is concluded that 1) submaximal exercise stimulates secretion of hPP and hGH, 2) adrnergic mechanisms participate in exercise-induced increased secretion of hPP (beta adrenergic stimulation augments secretion and alpha-adrenergic stimulation inhibits secretion), and 3) adrenergic effects which modulate exercise-induced secretion of hPP and insulin are in parallel but are opposite to those that modulate the secretion of hGH. PMID- 7350186 TI - Biological activity of des-Asp1-angiotensin I in man. AB - The biological activity of des-Asp1-angiotensin I (des-Asp1-AI) was studied in five normal men. An iv infusion of 300 ng (258 pmol)/kg.min des-Asp1-AI caused a remarkable rise in blood pressure, a decrease in PRA, and an increase in plasma aldosterone concentration. The pressor and steroidogenic actions of this dose of des-Asp1-AI were slightly less than those of 100 ng (111 pmol)/kg.min des-Asp1 angiotensin II [Angotensin III (AIII)] which we reported previously and were abolished by a single oral administration of 100 mg of a converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14225. These results indicate that in man, as in animals, a rise in blood pressure and an increase in plasma aldosterone concentration after an infusion of des-Asp1-AI are entirely due to the actions of AIII converted from this nonapeptide, and that the conversion rate of des-Asp1-AI to AIII in normal men is less than 43%. This is much less than the conversion rate of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. It seems unlikely that des-Asp1-AI has physiological significance in the human renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. PMID- 7350187 TI - Pituitary-adrenocortical function in chronic renal failure: studies of episodic secretion of cortisol and dexamethasone suppressibility. AB - Pituitary-adrenocortical function was studied in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and compared with that in normal subjects. All CRF patients were on chronic hemodialysis. The mean morning plasma total and free (nonprotein bound) cortisol levels were higher in patients with CRF. Episodic secretion of cortisol was studied in plasma sampled every 20 min for 24 h. CRF patients demonstrated normal circadian rhythmicity, as evidence by times of peak secretory activity and number of peaks per 24 h. Mean 24-h plasma total cortixol levels were twice the normal levels in CRF patients. Nine of 10 patients with CRF did not suppress plasma total cortisol levels with 1 mg dexamethasone. Four of 10 patients with CRF suppressed with 2 mg dexamethasone orally for 2 days, 5 patients suppressed after 8 mg dexamethasone administration, and 1 patient with CRF resisted suppression. Hemodialysis did not alter mean 24-h cortisol levels or numbers of secretory episodes but produced a shift of secretory activity into the dialysis time period. These studies show alterations in cortisol dynamics in which increased plasma cortisol levels and dexamethasone resistance coexist with normal circadian rhythmicity. PMID- 7350188 TI - Relationship of fasting urinary calcium to circulating estrogen and body weight in postmenopausal women. AB - Circulating estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), adrostenedione, and testosterone levels were measured in 40 normal postmenopausal women of widely varying body weights. The fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca:Cr) was also quantitated as an index of bone resorption. Significant positive correlations of E2 and E1 were found with body weight and correlations of E2 and E1 were found with body weight and percent ideal weight but not with height, age, or years since menopause. No correlations were observed between circulating androstenedione and testosterone levels and any of these characteristics. Significant negative correlations were noted between Ca:Cr and percent ideal weight and between Ca:Cr and E2 and E1 concentrations. Administration of 10 micrograms ethinyl E2 to 10 postmenopausal subjects for 30 days reduced Ca:Cr to the level observed in 20 premenopausal women. These data suggest that body weight can influence urinary calcium excretion. It is possible that the reduced amounts of endogenous estrogen found in conjunction with low body weight may be a factor contributing to the greater loss of urinary calcium and the more frequent occurrence of osteoporosis in slender postmenopausal women. PMID- 7350189 TI - Isolation and characterization of the estrogen receptor in human skin. PMID- 7350190 TI - Increased insulin secretion associated with increased caloric intake in mild noninsulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7350191 TI - Developmental changes in glucose transport of guinea pig erythrocytes. AB - The developmental changes in the capacity for D-glucose transport of guinea pig erythrocyte membranes were compared to alterations in the electrophoretic pattern of erythrocyte membrane components. Guinea pig erythrocytes lose their D-glucose carrier functions during development. Good correlation was observed between the loss of glucose uptake and apparent decrease of the zone 4.5 of Coomassie Blue stained membrane proteins on electrophoresis. Reconstitution of membrane preparations in liposomes resulted in a parallel change in the D-glucose uptake and D-glucose penetration of intact erythrocytes. This suggests that the decrease of D-glucose transport capacity during development is caused by the loss of one or more protein components from the erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7350192 TI - Glomerular endothelial cells in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in rats. AB - In uranyl nitrate (UN)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (K(f)) decreases because of unknown reasons. Since transport of water across the glomerular capillary wall occurs predominantly extracellularly through the endothelial fenestrae (EF), a reduction in the diameter and/or the density of EF can reduce the extracellular filtration area and the glomerular K(f). To examine this possibility, ARF was induced in rats by intravenous administration of UN in low (15 mg/kg) and high doses (25 mg/kg). Fenestral density ( x+/-SEM) per 5 cm(2) from the scanning electron micrographs (x30,000) was 107+/-10, 103+/-9, and 101+/-11 at 2, 7, and 17 h after the intravenous administration of bicarbonate saline to the control rats. In the low dose UN group the EF density was 91+/-2, 52+/-8, and 45+/-11 at 2, 7, and 17 h after the injection, whereas for the high-dose group at corresponding time intervals the EF density was 95+/-3, 54+/-9, and 44+/-10. Fenestral diameters, in Angstrom units ( x+/-SEM), were 751+/-53, 765+/-43, and 764+/-37 at 2, 7, and 17 h after the injection of bicarbonate saline to control rats. At corresponding intervals after the administration of UN, the fenestral diameters were 501+/-61, 472+/-28, and 438+/-98 for the low-dose group and 525+/-43, 470+/-39, and 440+/ 56 for the high-dose group. 2, 7, and 17 h after the injection of UN, fenestral area of the low-dose group decreased to 52.1, 30.1, and 24.6% of the controls, whereas in the high-dose group, the fenestral area declined to 54.3, 30.2, and 23.6% of the controls. Administration of UN (15 mg/kg) to sodium-loaded rats did not alter renal function or endothelial cell morphology. It is suggested that in UN-induced ARF the morphological alterations in endothelial cells reduce the K(f) of glomerular capillaries by reducing the filtration area. PMID- 7350193 TI - Enzymatic defenses of the mouse heart against reactive oxygen metabolites: alterations produced by doxorubicin. AB - The endogenous defenses of the mouse heart against reactive oxygen metabolites were investigated. The activities of three enzymes capable of detoxifying activated oxygen were determined in both the heart and liver; cardiac muscle contains 150 times less catalase and nearly four times less superoxide dismutase than liver. Glutathione peroxidase activities were, however, similar to the two tissues. Assay of glutathione peroxidase in the heart after 6 wk of selenium depletion with both hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide as substrates revealed a >80% drop in enzyme activity and gave no indication that murine cardiac tissue contains nonselenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. The selenium-deficient state, which was characterized by markedly decreased cardiac glutathione peroxidase levels, led to significantly enhanced doxorubicin toxicity at a dose of 15 mg/kg i.p. Doxorubicin administration in selenium-sufficient animals resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cardiac glutathione peroxidase activity; the decrease in enzyme activity lasted 72 h after 15 mg/kg i.p. In contrast, cardiac superoxide dismutase and hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were unaffected by this dose of doxorubicin. These results suggest that the major pathway in cardiac tissue for detoxification of reactive oxygen metabolites is via the concerted action of superoxide dismutase and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. The latter enzyme may be depleted by a selenium-deficient diet or doxorubicin treatment, leaving the heart with limited mechanisms for disposing of hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxides. PMID- 7350194 TI - Increased growth hormone response to dopamine infusion in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects: indication of possible blood-brain barrier abnormality. AB - To test the hypothesis that cerebral capillaries, which share the embroyologic and morphologic characteristics of retinal capillaries, might have the same abnormal permeability in diabetic patients, we investigated the growth hormone response to a small amount of peripherally administered dopamine (1.5 microgram/kg.min). Consistent with the known exclusion of systemic dopamine from brain parenchyma, no rise was observed in 12 normal subjects. In 10 of 12 juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetic patients, however, a substantial growth hormone rise occurred (peak value, 19.2 +/- 3.0 ng/ml [mean +/- SE]). Comparision of metabolic and cardiovascular responses to the infusion in both groups did not suggest that higher circulating levels of dopamine had been achieved in the diabetics. Other growth hormone stimuli (apomorphine in decreasing amounts, glucagon, and graded physical exercise) failed to indicate that hypothalamic hypersensitivity could account for the consistent rise. We postulate that an abnormal permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the diabetic patients permitted exposure of the hypothalamic structures regulating growth hormone secretion to a greater fraction of the infused dopamine. PMID- 7350195 TI - Abnormal adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured vascular endothelium: possible mechanism for microvascular occlusion in sickle cell disease. AB - The abnormal shape and poor deformability of the sickled erythrocyte (RBC) have generally been held responsible for the microvascular occlusions of sickle cell disease. However, there is no correlation between the clinical severity of this disease and the presence of sickled RBC. In searching for additional factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, we have investigated the possibility that sickle RBC might be less than normally repulsive of the vascular endothelium. After RBC suspensions are allowed to settle onto plates of cultured human endothelial cells, normal RBC are completely removed by as few as six washes. In contrast, sickle RBC remain adherent despite multiple washes. On subconfluent culture plates, normal RBC are distributed randomly, whereas sickle RBC cluster around endothelial cells. Sickle RBC adherence is not enhanced by deoxygenation but does increase with increasing RBC density. The enzymatic removal of membrane sialic acid greatly diminishes the adherence of sickle RBC to endothelial cells, suggesting that sialic acid participates in this abnormal cell-cell interaction. Although net negative charge appears normal, sickle RBC mainfest an abnormal clumping of negative surface charge as demonstrated by localization of cationized ferritin. These abnormalities are reproduced in normal RBC loaded with nonechinocytogenic amounts of calcium. We conclude that sickle RBC adhere to vascular endothelial cells in vitro, perhaps caused by a calcium-induced aberration of membrane topography. This adherence may be a pathogenetic factor in the microvascular occlusions characteristic of sickle cell disease. PMID- 7350196 TI - Immune responses in human infections with Brugia malayi: specific cellular unresponsiveness to filarial antigens. AB - We evaluated the cellular immune competence of 101 subjects living in an area of South Kalimantan (Borneo) where Malayan filariasis is endemic. All patients with elephantiasis but none with other clinical stages of filariasis reacted with adult worm antigens. The majority of subjects without clinical or parasitological evidence of filariasis and approximately one-half of those with amicrofilaremic filariasis reacted with microfilarial antigens. In contrast, most patients with patent microfilaremia did not respond to microfilarial antigens. The in vitro reactivity of all patient categories to nonparasite antigens was similar to that of the distant control group. These results indicate that patent microfilaremia is associated with a state of specific cellular immune unresponsiveness and are consistent with the current hypothesis that the various clinical manifestations of filariasis result from different types of immune responses to distinct antigens associated with different developmental stages of filarial worms. PMID- 7350197 TI - Effect of magnesium deficiency on renal magnesium and calcium transport in the rat. AB - Recollection of micropuncture experiments were performed on acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats rendered magnesium deficient by dietary deprivation. Urinary magnesium excretion fell from a control of 15 to 3% of the filtered load after magnesium restriction. The loop of Henle, presumably the thick ascending limb, was the major modulator for renal magnesium homeostasis. The transport capacity for magnesium, however, was less in deficient rats than control animals. Absolute magnesium reabsorption increased with acute infusions of magnesium chloride but was always less in magnesium-deficient rats than control rats for any given filtered load, which suggests either a defect of a resetting of the reabsorption mechanism. Recollection micropuncture demonstrated that this was a characteristic of the loop of Henle. Proximal magnesium reabsorption remained unchanged at 15% of the filtered load and was unaffected by magnesium deficiency or acute magnesium repletion. Distal tubular magnesium reabsorption was limited during depletion and increased to a similar extent in control and deficient rats with enhanced magnesium delivery. Calcium reabsorption was not altered in magnesium deficiency; however, elevations of extracellular magnesium resulted in a specific inhibition of calcium reabsorption within the loop of Henle. These data suggest that overall control of renal magnesium reabsorption occurs within the loop of Henle and that the proximal tubule reabsorbs a constant fraction of the filtered load despite variations in body magnesium status. PMID- 7350198 TI - Deformability of oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells. AB - The deformability characteristics of isolated subpopulations of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) have been studied in an ektacytometer. Analysis of laser diffraction patterns of well-oxygenated cells subjected to shear stress in solutions of varying osmolality has demonstrated a profound influence of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and intracellular viscosity on the deformability of ISC. Virtually undeformable at 290 mosM, ISC became almost totally deformable at 130 mosM. In addition, when ISC membranes were loaded with normal hemoglobin at low concentration, they deformed easily in isotonic medium, as did resealed normal cell membranes. The restoration of deformability of ISC upon reduction of their hemoglobin concentration and internal viscosity to normal levels suggests that altered membrane properties are not the primary determinant of decreased deformability in these cells. Rather, cellular dehydration induced by previous sickling would appear to contribute in a major way to their abnormal rheological behavior. PMID- 7350199 TI - Elevated thromboxane levels in the rat during endotoxic shock: protective effects of imidazole, 13-azaprostanoic acid, or essential fatty acid deficiency. AB - The potential deleterious role of the proaggregatory vasoconstrictor, thromboxane A(2), in endotoxic shock was investigated in rats. Plasma thromboxane A(2) was determined by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite thromboxane B(2). After intravenous administration of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (20 mg/kg), plasma thromboxane B(2) levels increased from nondetectable levels (<375 pg/ml) in normal control rats to 2,054+/-524 pg/ml (n = 8), within 30 min to 2,071+/-429 at 60 min, and decreased to 1,119+/-319 pg/ml, at 120 min. Plasma levels of prostaglandin E also increased from 146+/-33 pg/ml in normal controls (n = 5) to 2,161+/-606 pg/ml 30 min after endotoxin (n = 5). In contrast to shocked controls, rats pretreated with imidazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, or essential fatty acid-deficient rats, which are deficient in arachidonate and its metabolites, did not exhibit significant elevations in plasma levels of thromboxane B(2). Imidazole did not however inhibit endotoxin-induced elevations in plasma prostaglandin E. Essential fatty acid deficiency significantly reduced mortality to lethal endotoxic shock. This refractoriness could be duplicated in normal rats pretreated with the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg), intravenously 30 min before endotoxin injection. Imidazole (30 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally 1 h before or intravenously 30 min before endotoxin, also significantly (P < 0.01) reduced mortality from lethal endotoxin shock to 40% compared to a control mortality of 95% at 24 h. Likewise pretreatment with 13-azaprostanoic acid (30 mg/kg), a thromboxane antagonist, reduced mortality from endotoxic shock at 24 h from 100% in control rats to only 50% (P < 0.01). The results suggest that endotoxin induces increased synthesis of thromboxane A(2) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. PMID- 7350200 TI - Reduced rate of DNA replication fork movement in megaloblastic anemia. AB - Chromatography on benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose has been used to fractionate fully double-stranded from partially single-stranded DNA molecules. DNA was extracted from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with megaloblastic anemia resulting from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency after pulse-labeling the cells with [3H]thymidine for 5 min and chasing in unlabeled medium for 24 h. No gross accumulation of partially single-stranded material was observed in the DNA of these cells when compared with DNA from similarly labeled control cells obtained by the addition of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid to the culture medium. When DNA from lymphocytes labeled with a 5-min pulse of [3H]thymidine and sheared to fragments of an average length of 18 micrometer was chromatographed on benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose, approximately 80% of the label was recovered in the partially single-stranded fraction. After chasing in unlabeled medium the label was progressively transferred to the double stranded fraction over a period of 2--3 h. The rate of transfer was slower in megaloblastic lymphocytes than in controls. The difference in rate suggested a slower rate of replication fork movement in megaloblastic lymphocytes and so the density shift technique of Painter and schaeffer (J. Mol. Biol. 45: 467--479, 1969) was used to measure the fork rate directly. [3H]Deoxycytidine was used as the labeled nucleoside to avoid possible complications arising from [3H]thymidine labeling of megaloblastic cells. Investigations on the lymphocytes from four patients showed that the replication fork rate in vitamin-treated control lyphocytes was about 1 micrometer/min. The fork rates in the corresponding untreated cells were invariably lower and rates ranging from 40 to 92% of those of controls were observed. Normal lymphocytes treated with the deoxynucleotide pool-depleting drugs methotrexate or hydroxyurea displayed defects in DNA synthesis similar to those of untreated megaloblastic lymphocytes. We propose that the delayed DNA replication fork movement in cells of patients with megaloblastic anemia results from impaired biosynthesis of DNA precursors. PMID- 7350201 TI - Abnormal polyamine metabolism in hereditary muscular dystrophies: effect of human growth hormone. AB - Previous studies showed hyperre-sponsiveness to human growth hormone (hGH) in men with myotonic or limb girdle dystrophies (MMD or LGD). Because polyamines may mediate some actions of hGH, we have now investigated polyamine metabolism in these and other dystrophies. Under metabolic balance study conditions, serum and urine levels of putrescine (Pu), spermidine (Sd), spermine (Sm), and cadaverine (Cd) were measured in six normal men (36-44 yr), four men with MMD (38-44 yr), and three men with LGD (30-36 yr), before and during treatment with 0.532 U/kg body wt ((3/4)/d) of hGH. Daily balances of N, P, and K were also monitored. In the normal subjects, hGH did not influence elemental balances or serum and urine polyamines. In MMD, hGH caused significant retention of N, P, and K (P < 0.005). Basal levels of Sm and Cd were significantly elevated above normal (P < 0.005), and Pu, Sm, and Cd increased two- to fourfold above basal during hGH treatment (P < 0.005). In LGD, hGH also caused retention of N, P, and K. Basal levels of nearly all the polyamines (not serum Pu) were significantly above normal in serum and urine (P < 0.05). During hGH treatment, all four polyamines rose significantly above basal (P < 0.005). Serum and urine polyamine levels in five boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, age 8-13, did not differ from those in five age-matched normal boys. Skeletal muscle polyamines were measured in five men (31-40 yr) without muscle disease and in three men with LGD (30-38 yr). Average concentrations of Pu, Sd, Sm, and Cd were 46, 306, 548, and 61 nmol/g wet wt in LGD and 1, 121, 245, and 14 in the normal subjects, respectively (P < 0.05 in each instance). Polyamines were determined in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of male mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy and in age- and sex matched normal controls. Pu, Sd, Sm, and Cd levels were two to three times higher than normal in muscle, but did not differ in liver, kidney, and brain. Similar findings were made in male hamsters with hereditary dystrophy and in their controls. The abnormality in hamster muscle polyamines appeared between 1 and 6 wk of age and persisted or intensified until 30 wk. These data reveal abnormalities of polyamine metabolism in men with MMD, in men with LGD, and in mice or hamsters with hereditary muscular dystrophy. The polyamine disorder could be related to dystrophic patients' hyperresponsiveness to hGH. PMID- 7350202 TI - The mini-RAST: Comparison with other varieties of the radioallergosorbent test for the measurement of immunoglobulin E antibodies. AB - In the performance of the RAST a variety of different solid-phase supports for allergens are utilized. In this study we coupled allergens to microcrystalline cellulose and reduced the quantities of solid-phase allergen tenfold and of anti IgE fourfold. These reductions actually increased the sensitivity of the RAST for IgE antibodies to several allergens, including those derived from Alternaria tenuis and rye grass pollen. We have termed this procedure the mini-RAST to distinguish it from the procedure employing larger quantities of solid-phase allergen and anti-IgE, the maxi-RAST. We then compared three RAST procedures for the detection of IgE antibodies to ragweed allergens: the maxi-RAST, the mini RAST, and the paper disk RAST, using both commercial paper disks and disks prepared in our laboratory. The maxi-RAST and the mini-RAST yielded similar results and both appeared more sensitive than the paper disk RAST for the detection of IgE antibodies to ragweed. The results indicate that the microcrystalline cellulose RAST can be significantly scaled down without a loss of its ability to detect IgE antibodies and with a considerable saving of valuable solid-phase allergens and anti-IgE. PMID- 7350203 TI - Intranasal flunisolide in the treatment of perennial rhinitis: Correlation with immunologic parameters. AB - The effectiveness and safety of 200 micrograms/day of intranasal flunisolide in the treatment of perennial rhinitis was studied in 56 patients in a 6 wk double blind parallel vehicle controlled clinical trial. In addition, patients failing to respond to placebo were entered into a 6 wk open trial with the active drug. Forty-six percent of the flunisolide-treated patients achieved total or substantial control of their nasal symptoms compared to 11% of the placebo treated group in the double-blind study (p = 0.031). Eighty percent of patients achieved total or substantial control of their nasal symptoms in the 6 wk open study. No adverse effects attributable to flunisolide were observed. Parameters of IgE-mediated reactivity, including immediate-type skin test reactivity, total serum and nasal secretion IgE, specific serum and nasal secretion IgE, and nasal eosinophilia, were also assessed in these patients. Although benefit from flunisolide significantly correlated with all of these parameters except specific serum IgE, the absence of these findings did not preclude significant benefit from the drug. This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of intranasal flunisolide in the treatment of perennial rhinitis, especially but not exclusively in those patients with evidence of IgE-mediated reactivity. PMID- 7350204 TI - Polymerized whole ragweed: A two-year follow-up of patients treated with an improved method of immunotherapy. PMID- 7350205 TI - Effect of theophylline and terbutaline on immediate skin tests. AB - A questionnaire survey of board-certified allergists revealed that conflicting ideas exist as to the effect that drugs such as theophylline and beta 2 agonists have an immediate skin tests. Approximately half of the respondents felt these drugs would obscure a skin response; the remainder would not withdraw the drugs prior to testing. As a result of this difference in opinion, we studied the effects of these drugs on skin tests in seven subjects taking terbutaline (5 mg three times daily) and 13 subjects taking theophylline (3 to 5 mg/kg every 6 hr). Neither an acute loading dose nor chronic administration of either drug singly produced significant changes in wheal size in response to histamine, ragweed, or grass allergens. We conclude that theophylline and terbutaline administered singly at these doses have no effect on immediate skin tests. PMID- 7350206 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Penicillium species. AB - An entomologist developed an illness with typical features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. On-site investigations indicated that on the days of his attacks he was exposed to dust laden with several species of mold, especially Penicillium spp., as well as to mists generated by reservoir-type humidifiers. Serologic tests to more than 40 antigens prepared from organisms and sources known to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis showed strong reactions to Penicillium and to antigens prepared from the scum of a large industrial humidifier and from his laboratory humidifier. PFTs revealed a significant reduction in DLCO, Following a 4-mo period without laboratory exposure, he experienced no further episodes, a return to his previous exercise tolerance, and a normal DLCO, BP studies with extracts of Penicillium casei and humidifier water from his laboratory (H1) resulted in objective evidence, both clinically and by hematologic and pulmonary function testing, of hypersensitivity to Penicillium spp. and possibly also to the H1 preparation. PMID- 7350207 TI - Parietera officinalis L. allergy. PMID- 7350208 TI - Serum albumin in insect venom. PMID- 7350209 TI - Human neurologic function and the aging process. AB - Sixty-one normal men whose ages ranged from 20 to 80 years were evaluated on two occasions by means of a comprehensive series of 128 instrumented tests of neurologic function. The tests measured cognition, vision, strength, steadiness, reactions, speed, coordination, fatigue, gait, station, sensations, and tasks of daily living. The reliability of each test measured was determined, and any measure found unreliable (r less than or equal to 0.41) was not further analyzed. Significant age-related linear decreases were found for almost all neurologic functions. The declines over the age span varied from less than 10 percent to more than 90 percent for different functions. For the upper extremities, the largest declines (greater than 50 percent) were in hand-force steadiness, speed of hand-arm movements, and vibration sense; for the lower extremities, the largest declines were in one-legged balance with eyes closed and in vibration sense. For 13 of 14 tests in which significant dominant body-side effects were found, larger re-testing 7-10 days later, the subjects improved their scores by more than 5 percent on only 17 tests, 9 of which concerned the activities of daily living. No significant differential learning effects were found across age groups. The results point to the importance of developing a data bank on age based neurologic function so that therapeutic effects can be evaluated in terms of age- and sex-matched normal functioning. PMID- 7350210 TI - Evaluating patients' warfarin requirements. AB - Seventy consecutive patients receiving warfarin as an anticoagulant were evaluated for the relationship between the response to the loading dose of warfarin and the response to the maintenance dose. No patients were excluded because of complicating diseases or the concurrent use of other drugs. There was a moderate correlation (r = 0.54, p less than 0.01) between response to the loading dose and response to the maintenance dose. Thus, a relatively weak response to a loading dose of warfarin can be used to predict a need for a relatively large maintenance dose in unselected patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. Age seems to be a relatively weak determinant of warfarin sensitivity. Other factors such as the genetic control mechanism, concurrent drug therapy, and complicating diseases apparently are more important determinants. PMID- 7350211 TI - Health and early retirement decisions. AB - Health and economic considerations have consistently played important roles in retirement decisions. Increases in early retirement benefits by some employers have increased the incentive to retire early, thus inducing a change in the health and economic relationships. During the three months following implementation by a large manufacturing firm of a labor contract which included substantial improvement in early retirement benefits, structured interviews were conducted with 45 employees who had chosen early retirement and 35 eligible employees who had chosen to continue working. Data are presented on the relationship between health and retirement decisions, and on the differences between early retirees and non-retirees in regard to perceived health status, job satisfaction, potential for continued employment, leisure involvement, and morale. Implications for the primary care physician's interactions with workers who face early retirement are discussed. PMID- 7350212 TI - Impact of mental disorders upon elderly American Indians as reflected in visits to ambulatory care facilities. AB - In order to assess the impact of mental health problems among elderly American Indians, a study was conducted on the utilization patterns of ambulatory care facilities by various age groups of Indians. Since most health care of Indians is rendered by the Indian Health Service (IHS), data obtained from IHS computer centers provided a reasonable index of disease patterns. Because the elderly have constituted such a small fraction of the Indian population, they have not heretofore received significant attention. However, their problems are rapidly increasing. By adjusting the frequency of visits according to population, an estimate of visit "rates" was made. These rates showed one visit for every 10 persons in the 0-44 age group, one for every 5 persons in the 45-54 age group, but only one visit for every 25 persons in the 65+ age group. Most of the visits by older Indians concerned "social" problems rather than "mental" disorders as such. These data provided information that should prove especially helpful in the design of social and health programs for elderly Indians. PMID- 7350213 TI - Group rehabilitation for the vascular-disease amputee. AB - Group therapy for lower-extremity, vascular-disease amputees was successful in the return of these patients to their normal milieu. Thirty men (mean age, 63 years) were studied during a one-year period. The group meetings progressed from a phase of directed therapy to one of nondirected therapy. This group of hospitalized amputees was chosen specifically because of its social, economic and medical identity. After a self-identified adequate period of therapy, all patients returned to their former places in society. PMID- 7350214 TI - Oral versus intramuscular vitamin supplementation for hypovitaminosis in the elderly. AB - Thiamin, folate, biotin, riboflavin, nicotinates, pantothenate, carotenes, and vitamins B6, B12, A, E and C were measured in the blood of 228 elderly ambulatory residents of a nursing home. Their mean age was 87 years (range, 60-102). None had undergone major surgical procedures; their diet was good, and each had received at least one multivitamin pill every day for 3 to 5 months before the study. A comparison group of 204 healthy volunteers, aged 20-50 was also studied. Of the 228 elderly subjects, 88 (39 percent) showed vitamin deficits despite oral vitamin supplementation. Single and multiple deficits of vitamin B6, nicotinate, vitamin B12, folate, and thiamin were found. Three months after a single intramuscular injection of multivitamins (with no other vitamin supplementation), these deficits were no longer detectable in the blood of 89-100 percent of the vitamin-deficient elderly. Intramuscular rather than oral vitamin supplementation is a more effective method for maintaining adequate blood levels of vitamins in the elderly; the intramuscualr route apparently promotes saturation of tissue stores with enough vitamins to meet the needs, and thus obviates problems of vitamin malabsorption possibly due to drug interference or small-bowel atrophy. PMID- 7350215 TI - Use of chlorophyllin in the care of geriatric patients. AB - In a test group of 62 geriatric nursing home patients, the administration of chlorophyllin tablets was found to be helpful in controlling body and fecal odors. It aided also in easing chronic constipation, served at times as a useful and morale-building placebo, and assisted in abating excessive flatus. No toxic or other ill effects were observed. Bacteriologic studies failed to confirm reports in the literature of antibacterial properties for chlorophyllin. Further investigation of this possibility is recommended. PMID- 7350216 TI - Relationship of family background variables to locus of control in the elderly. AB - The present study sought to determine how family variables are related to locus of control, under the hypothesis that a larger and more cohesive family would provide greater reinforcement for the elderly person's actions. Two hundred elderly aged 60 to 90 were interviewed at home and given Rotter's I-E scale. After removing effects of age and socioeconomic status, in a regression analysis, number of living brothers, sibling cohesiveness, and child cohesiveness accounted for 8% of variance in locus of control, with cohesiveness related to greater internality. PMID- 7350217 TI - Aging and conservatism: cohort changes in attitudes about legalized abortion. AB - Cohort changes in attitudes about the availability of legal abortions are traced over a twelve year period using data from seven national surveys. Contrary to the aging-conservatism hypothesis, trends in the direction of increasingly favorable attitudes between 1965 and 1973 and general stability thereafter characterize all cohorts. On this issue, there is no evidence of growing conservatism, attitudinal rigidity, or change at a slower rate among the older cohorts. PMID- 7350218 TI - Effect of rat age on blood levels of somatomedin-like growth factors. AB - Age-related changes in serum levels of somatomedin-like growth factors were measured using a bioassay based on myoblast proliferation in culture. The correspondence of this assay to thymidine incorporation and sulfation factor assays for somatomedins was demonstrated. Comparisons involved individual serum samples from a total of 28 rats at each of three age ranges (young = 2 to 6 month, middle-aged = 12 to 16 month, and old = 24 to 28 month) in five separate experiments. A small (10%) decrease in levels of somatomedin-like activity was observed between young and middle-aged animals, with a greater (20 to 40%) subsequent decrease in old rats. Assays of mixed samples indicated that the age related decreases in somatomedin-like activity could not be attributed to increases in circulating levels of a dissociable inhibitor of this activity. Paired comparisons of amino acid uptake by isolated omohyoideus muscles from rats of the specified ages suggested that there were no significant age-related changes in response of these muscles to a somatomedin analog. PMID- 7350219 TI - The effect of oxandrolone on low and high density lipoprotein profiles in retired breeder rats. AB - The retired breeder rat, an animal known to undergo premature aging and to develop hypercholesterolemia, was studied to determine the effect of oxandrolone, a synthetic hypolipidemic steroid, on serum lipoprotein subfractions. The methods utilized for this study included density ultracentrifugation, electron microscopic lipoprotein particle sizing, and disc gel electrophoresis. The data confirmed the cholesterol-lowering ability of oxandrolone and demonstrated that its effect on total serum cholesterol was limited to the low and high density lipoprotein subclasses. The drug-treated group had 50% less LDL cholesterol and 25% less HDL cholesterol. Though there was an absolute decrease in total serum cholesterol in both these fractions, there was a re-distribution of cholesterol, such that post-treatment LDL carried less cholesterol and HDL more cholesterol on a percentage basis than found in pre-treatment values. In the light of current concepts of atherogenicity these alterations are of interest and potentially of considerable value. PMID- 7350220 TI - Differential rates of aging in natural populations of old-field mice (Peromyscus polionotus). AB - Lipofuscin accumulation in cerebellar Purkinje cells was studied in two natural populations of old-field mice (Peromyscus polionotus). Chronological age was estimated by assaying water-insoluble proteins in the eye lens. The number of fluorescent lipofuscin granules per cell was used as an index of physiological age. In both populations, lipofuscin accumulation began at an age of about two months and increased linearly thereafter until the maximum age included in the study (322 days). Sex did not significantly affect the rate of accumulation in either population. The populations did differ in their rates of aging, however. The population with faster rate of lipofuscin accumulation had higher reproductive effort and/or greater adult mortality, and lived in poorer quality habitat. Although genetic influences cannot be discounted, environmental factors were probably responsible for differences in rates of lipofuscin accumulation. PMID- 7350221 TI - Peripheral autonomic changes accompanying learning and reaction time performance in older people. AB - Heart rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity were assessed in old (55 to 70) and young (20 to 35) veterans during their performance on serial learning and reaction time tasks. More older than younger subjects exhibited systolic blood pressure increases during the tasks; baseline heart rate was also slower in the older subjects. However, the phasic electrodermal response of the older Ss during the reaction time task was of smaller magnitude than that of the young Ss, and there were no phasic HR differences between the groups. Learning and psychomotor performance of the older subjects who revealed systolic BP pressor responses was significantly better than that of those who showed depressor responses, but this relationship was not obtained in the younger subjects. These relationships were more pronounced on easier than on more difficult tasks. PMID- 7350222 TI - The processing of frequency of occurrence information by adults. AB - Three groups of adults (mean ages 22, 43, and 68 years) listened to a list containing 30 words that were repeated from zero to seven times each. The subjects were then tested for their sensitivity to differences in frequency of occurrence. All groups were found to be equally sensitive to frequency information. Prior knowledge about the exact nature of the forthcoming test did not affect performance. These results are interpreted in light of a theory that suggests that performance is determined by at least two factors: the cognitive capacity that an individual has available, and the capacity demands imposed by the task. PMID- 7350223 TI - Recall and recognition of old information in relation to age and sex. AB - Recall and recognition memory were tested in 120 men and women from each of six age decades, 20-29, 30 to 39...70 to 79. The memory test was of items which had occurred long ago, ranging from 1910-1919 to the 1970s, covering socio-historic events and events from the world of entertainment. Unlike with newly acquired information, the difference between recall and recognition memory for this type of naturally obtained information was similar for all age groups. Thus, retrieval deficits as a function of age were not observed. The memory for this type of information was good throughout most of the lifespan. Although an interaction between the age of the subject and the age of the information was found, contrary to previous results no one age period appeared best for information encoding. PMID- 7350224 TI - Age and word frequency effects in continuous recognition memory. AB - Fifty-seven males representing groups with median ages of 20, 52, and 63 years were presented with a long sequence of words. Using a four point scale, they judged whether each word was presented for the first ("new") or second ("old") time in the sequence. High and low frequency words and separations of 0 to 64 words between the two presentations of a given word were employed. Analyses of errors confidence judgments and decision times revealed minimal or no age difference when the number of words intervening between successive presentations did not exceed the span of immediate memory. Older subjects' performance declined more rapidly than younger subjects from 3 to 12 second retention intervals, but declined at about the same rate from 12 to 192 second retention intervals. Low frequency words were better remembered by all age groups and there was no interaction between the effects of age and word frequency in any dependent measure. PMID- 7350225 TI - Aging, dichotic memory and digit span. AB - Comparisons were made between groups of old and young subjects in a dichotic task. In the first experiment old and young subjects had digit spans representative of their respective populations, and in accord with previous dichotic research younger subjects recalled with greater accuracy. The main effect of group and the Group x Test (ear reported first vs ear reported second) interaction were reliable with both serial and free recall scoring. In the second experiment young subjects were matched to old subjects on the basis of digit span. Matching eliminated the group and Group x Test interaction with seriall recall and the group effect with free recall, suggesting that digit span and dichotic memory are mediated by common mechanisms. Error trends and the Group x Test interactions with free recall revealed that some age related differences persisted even after matching. These differences are discussed in terms of regression artifact and processing capacity. PMID- 7350226 TI - Assessing the institutional policies of sheltered care settings. AB - The Policy and Program Information Form (POLIF) measures the policies and services of sheltered care settings in terms of ten conceptually unified dimensions. The development of the POLIF is described, and psychometric characteristics, based on data from 93 representative facilities, are presented. These data show that facilities providing a higher level of care tend to provide residents with less choice and control. Larger facilities tend to be more selective, to offer more health services and social activities, and to have formal means for transmitting expectations and involving residents in decision making. Sample profiles illustrate the usefulness of this instrument for describing and comparing facilities; additional uses are discussed. PMID- 7350227 TI - The response of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A and to co stimulator. AB - The blastogenic and mitogenic response of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A and the response of the resulting blasts to a lymphokine co stimulator preparation was examined with an electronic particle counting and sizing apparatus (Coulter Counter and Channelizer). Mitogenesis, as determined by increase in cell number, correlated well with the time-integrated uptake of tritiated thymidine. It was found that co-stimulator was highly mitogenic to the lectin-induced blasts, and that the cells appearing in response to it were uniformly large (co-stimulator blasts). Furthermore, the eventual increase in cell number was proportional to the co-stimulator concentration, at least for the concentrations, cell numbers, and incubation times examined. This relatively simple assay that uses the Coulter Counter and Channelizer is therefore capable of substituting for serial measurements of tritiated thymidine uptake and yields additional information on the volume spectra of responding cells, as well as forming the basis for assaying co-stimulator activity. The co-stimulator blasts were found to be capable of killing a wide variety of allogeneic as well as syngeneic concanavalin A induced blasts. The level of killing in a 3-hr 51Cr release assay varied between 9% (for the syngeneic case) and 24% of the maximum obtained by water lysis. PMID- 7350228 TI - Dominance of an immune response by secondary cells: quantitation by allotype analysis. AB - Dominance of an immune response by secondary cells was demonstrated in a cell transfer system utilizing allotype-congenic mice. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with TNP-KLH were adoptively transferred into sublethally irradiation (200 R) congenic partners of a different allotype (C.B.-17 mice). Subsequent to the cell transfer, the recipients were challenged with TNP-KLH and bled periodically. Anti-TNP antibodies were isolated and analyzed for their content of donor and host IgG allotypes. Through day 58 after the adoptive transfer, 80% or more of the IgG antibody measured was of donor allotype. By day 110, most but not all recipients made IgG antibody principally of host allotype. In contrast, control C.B-17 recipients, which received nonimmune BALB/c spleen cells but otherwise treated as above, produced IgG antibodies almost entirely of host allotype. Total anti-TNP synthesis was reduced markedly in recipients of immune BALB/c cells so that there was a decrease of about 95% in the production of anti TNP antibodies of host allotype, as compared with controls that received nonimmune cells. The results are discussed in terms of dominance of an immune response by secondary B cells. PMID- 7350229 TI - The V region sequence of lambda Bence-Jones protein Wh: evidence for separate germ-line sets within lambda-subgroups. AB - The complete variable region sequence of the glycosylated Bence-Jones protein Wh has revealed that the most hypervariable segments of the first and third complementarity-determing regions (CDR) are identical with those of another glycosylated Bence-Jones protein (Nei) of the same lambda-subgroup. The carbohydrate is attached in both proteins at the identical sequences in the third CDR, and the sequences of the first CDR differ at only one position in fourteen. Because CDR sequence comparisons more sensitively reflect overall germ-line V gene similarities, proteins Wh and Nei could possibly reflect a "set" relationship analogous to the mouse V kappa isotype. Cluster analyses of currently available V lambda sequences supported this suggested relationship. PMID- 7350230 TI - The interaction of C5 with C3b in free solution: a sufficient condition for cleavage by a fluid phase C3/C5 convertase. AB - We have measured the interactions of C3b with C5 in free solution under conditions that favor detecting weak binding interactions (high C3b and low C5 concentrations and low ionic strength). When a mixture of 125I-C5 (2 X 10(-8) M) and unlabeled C3b (3.8 x 10(-5) M) was ultracentrifuged in a sucrose gradient, virtually all of the C5 sedimented to the position of a 13 to 14S complex. In contrast, a sedimentation rate for C5 of 9S was obtained in the absence of C3b. The ability to bind C5 was observed to be a property of C3b since native C3 was unable to bind C5. It was also found that beta 1H by itself could inhibit the binding of C5 to cell-bound C3b. From inhibition studies, we estimate that the association constant for the C3b-C5 interaction is on the order of 2 x 10(6) M-1 in a low ionic strength buffer (mu = 0.06) and 5-fold weaker at physiologic ionic strength. C5 bound to C3b in free solution was cleaved by nephritic factor stabilized fluid phase C3bB. C5 activation did not occur on omitting C3b. We conclude that the ability to bind C5 is a property of C3b molecules whether surface bound or in free solution and that when C5 is bound in either fashion, it can be cleaved by a fluid phase C3/C5 convertase. PMID- 7350231 TI - H-2 linked genetic control of priming for secondary cytotoxic responses to autologous cells modified with low concentrations of trinitrobenzene sulfonate. PMID- 7350232 TI - Host defense mechanisms against Trichinella spiralis infection in the mouse: eosinophil-mediated destruction of newborn larvae in vitro. PMID- 7350233 TI - Stimulation of murine lymphocytes by Rauscher leukemia virus in vitro. AB - Murine lymphocytes cultured with frozen and thawed Rauscher murine leukemia virus 100,000 x G supernatants demonstrated increased 3H-thymidine uptake. The stimulatory capacity co-purified with the major envelope glycoprotein, gp70, and can be specifically removed from viral supernatants by absorption with anti-gp70 antibody-linked Sepharose. Cells from all strains tested, including strains prone to autoimmune disease (MRL/1, (NZB X W)F1, NZB, and BXSB), immunologically normal strains (DBA/2, C57B1/6, BALB/c, C3H and 129/J), genetic low responders to LPS (C3H/HeJ), and mice congenitally T cell deficient (BALB/Wehi nu/nu) were equivalently responsive to viral protein stimulation. The response peaked after 3 to 4 days of culture, and cells responded at that time after brief exposure to virus supernatants at the initiation of culture. When gp70 concentrations comparable to serum levels were used, both spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells were capable of responding with stimulation indices of between 5 and 10; whereas bone marrow cells responded poorly, and neither thymocytes nor cortisone resistant thymocytes responded. Lymphocyte stimulation was not diminished by the depletion of adherent cells, and both T- and B cell-enriched populations responded. PMID- 7350234 TI - Immunochemical and functional analysis of a complete C1q deficiency in man: evidence that C1r and C1s are in the native form, and that they reassociate with purified C1q to form macromolecular C1. PMID- 7350236 TI - Presidential address: Fellowships. PMID- 7350235 TI - Enhancement of blastogenesis in cholesterol-enriched lymphocytes. PMID- 7350237 TI - Does a negative feedback system for the control of pancreatic exocrine secretion exist and is it of any clinical significance? PMID- 7350238 TI - In the absence of nutrients, pancreatic-biliary secretions in the jejunum do not exert feedback control of human pancreatic or gastric function. AB - Feedback inhibition of basal pancreatic enzyme secretion by luminal pancreatic enzymes appears to be an important regulator of pancreatic secretion in some laboratory animals. To determine whether pancreatic enzymes in the jejunum influence pancreatic or gastric functions in healthy man, we intubated six subjects with a gastric sump tube and a four-lumen duodenal tube which provided (1) a duodenal perfusion site, (2) a duodenal aspiration site, (3) an inflatable balloon immediately distal to the aspiration site, and (4) a jejunal perfusion site immediately beyond the balloon. In this way, the gastroduodenal segment could be functionally separated from the remainder of the intestine. The jejunum was exposed to normal saline, active pancreatic-biliary secretions, or pancreatic biliary secretions in which the enzymes had been inactivated by heat. Ten minutes after initiation of each jejunal perfusion, normal saline was instilled into the stomach. No differences in trypsin secretion, gastric acid secretion, or gastric emptying occurred with the different jejunal perfusates. We therefore conclude that normal man, in the absence of intraluminal nutrients, does not exhibit a jejunal pancreatic enzyme-dependent feedback control mechanism for pancreatic enzyme or gastric secretion. However, our study does not exclude the possibility of a duodenal feedback regulatory mechanism. PMID- 7350239 TI - Experimental radiation pneumonitis. IV. Leakage of circulatory proteins onto the alveolar surface. AB - We have previously shown that the fall in lung compliance in radiation pneumonitis is mainly due to abnormality of the alveolar surface lining layer and speculated that this, in turn, is due to an increased amount of protein in the alveolar lining fluid layer. In the present study, this extra protein has been partially characterized, and the kinetics of permeation from the blood to the lung and the AF have been investigated by using intravenously injected of 125I labeled albumin. Mice which had received 3000 rads to the thorax were used. A fourfold to fivefold increase in the total protein in AF obtained by pulmonary lavage was again found in mice irradiated 4 months previously, as compared to control littermates. With immunologic techniques and polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis the excess protein in the alveolar lavage fluid was shown to be derived from the circulation. Following injection of 125I-labeled albumin into the tail vein, APR in the perfused, lavaged lung relative to radioactivity in simultaneously obtained blood rose to a plateau at 6 hr, which was approximately twice as high in irradiated mice as in controls. APR in the AF relative to that in simultaneously obtained blood rose rapidly and continued to rise throughout the period of study, reaching a level which was six times that in control mice at 24 hr. A major abnormality in radiation pneumonitis appears to be a large increase in permeability of the capillary and alveolar membranes to both small and large protein molecules. These abnormalities are not acute terminal events but probably persist for some weeks before death. It is speculated that leakage of plasma proteins onto the alveolar surface is responsible for the fall in compliance of the AF lining layer in radiation pneumonitis. PMID- 7350240 TI - Molecular orientation of immunoglobulin G adsorbed to microcrystalline monosodium urate monohydrate. AB - The adsorption of IgG to microcrystalline MSU was studied to determine its potential biologic importance in gouty inflammation. IgG showed high-affinity binding isotherms, suggesting monomolecular adsorption at concentrations of IgG found in inflammatory synovial effusions and possible surface aggregation at higher concentrations. Crystals previously exposed to a variety of other proteins showed no reduction in IgG binding or a modest one. And co-incubation of IgG with other proteins reduced IgG adsorption to only a modest extent. Highly anionic substances such as hyaluronate or PVPNO enhanced IgG binding to crystals. Studies of the functional orientation of adsorbed IgG, by using molecular probes, indicated that the Fc portion of the molecule was fully exposed, suggesting that the sites of attachment to crystal surface residue on the Fab moiety of IgG. PMID- 7350241 TI - Reassessment of the evidence for the role of secreted ADP in biphasic platelet aggregation. Mechanism of inhibition by creatine phosphate plus creatine phosphokinase. AB - The observation that platelet secretion occurs in parallel with the second wave of platelet aggregation necessitates reassessment of the generally accepted concept that secreted ADP is the cause of second-wave aggregation. The major evidence for an involvement of secreted ADP is inhibition of second-wave aggregation by enzyme-catalyzed removal of ADP, interpreted as removal of secreted ADP. An alternative hypotheses, that the observed inhibition is due to a decrease in potentiation by extracellular ADP present prior to addition of stimulus, has been tested with the enzyme system CP plus CPK (CP/CPK). Low levels of CP/CPK inhibited gamma-thrombin-induced second-wave aggregation only after preincubation. When the second wave of gamma-thrombin- or epinephrine-induced aggregation was inhibited by very high levels of CP/CPK, the inhibition was overcome by an increase in the level of stimulus. These results are inconsistent with the idea that CP/CPK blocks second-wave aggregation by removing secreted ADP, but they are consistent with a decreased potentiation of the platelets due to a lower level of extracellular ADP prior to stimulation. Freshly prepared platelet-rich plasma contained a mean (n = 16) of 12 nM extracellular ADP. These data demonstrate that inhibition by CP/CPK cannot be taken as evidence for the involvement of secreted ADP. PMID- 7350242 TI - The interaction of heparin with plasma proteins. Demonstration of different binding sites for antithrombin III complexes and antithrombin III. AB - Affinity chromatography of plasma and serum with the use of heparin conjugated Sepharose has confirmed the existence of two types of protein binding sites. A minor heparin fraction binds free AT III selectively and firmly but not its protease complexes. The complexes bind less firmly to another, much larger heparin fraction together with a select group of the plasma proteins at physiological pH and ionic strength. These included complement proteins (C1q, C2, factor B, properdin, and beta 1H), protease inhibitors (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and C3b inactivator) and cell surface proteins (protein HC and fibronectin) as well as beta-lipoproteins. The results demonstrate that affinity chromatography with heparin-Sepharose is extremely useful as an early preparative step in the isolation of these minor plasma components. The results also indicate that the said proteins can be linked to cell surfaces carrying heparinoids in the intercellular space. PMID- 7350243 TI - Lead and calcium distributions in blood, plasma and milk of the lactating mouse. AB - Although it has been established that lead is transferred in milk from mother to suckling offspring, the physiological processes and parameters involved are not well understood. Single i.v. doses (0.2 mg/kg) or p.o. doses (2 mg/kg) of radiolabeled lead were administered to lactating and nonlactating female mice, and lead concentrations in blood, plasma, and milk were determined during a 21 day period. Large differences in lead elimination were observed between lactating and nonlactating mice. A significant fraction (25%) of the initial maternal dose ("absorbed" dose) was transferred to the suckling pups. The ratio of lead concentration in milk to lead concentration in plasma was found to be nearly constant over time. However, the milk-to-blood concentration ratios decreased during the same period. Furthermore, the concentration of lead in milk exceeded the plasma concentration by a factor of approximately 25, indicating that there is a physiological process(es) which established a large milk-to-plasma concentration ratio. A similar calcium concentration ratio was also observed. It is concluded that plasma lead concentration is a more accurate index for the estimation of milk lead concentration than is whole blood lead concentration. PMID- 7350244 TI - Collagen-induced platelet shape change. The role of collagen quaternary structure. AB - Multimerization of collagen molecules appears to be a prerequisite for collagen induced platelet aggregation and release. Whether a similar requirement exists for collagen-initiated platelet disc-to-sphere transformation, one of the earliest events in the platelet:collagen interaction, is not known. We have studied platelet shape change by highly purified type I collagen in the presence of EDTA to prevent interference from platelet aggregation and release. The ability of soluble collagen to induce platelet shape change was dependent on prior fibril formation. Tropocollagen from which multimers were removed was not able to initiate the disc-to-sphere transformation, indicating that monomeric collagen is insufficient as a platelet activator. Increasing the extent of multimerization by preincubation at 37 degrees led to an increase in the response rate and a decrease in the lag time for initiation of shape change, but even after maximal multimerization, the lag time was not eliminated. The increase in the turbidity of the collagen solution preceded its ability to stimulate platelet shape change, suggesting that a minimum size of the multimer is needed for platelet activation. L-Arginine, an inhibitor of multimerization, prevented collagen-induced shape change in a dose-dependent relationship. Enhancement of the shape change response rate as a function of the concentration of collagen multimers was found. PMID- 7350245 TI - Collagen-platelet interaction. Type V(A-B) collagen induced platelet aggregation. AB - One of the more recently discovered collagens, type V (or A-B) collagen, in its native fibillar form mediates human platelet aggregation and the release of serotonin. In agreement with a recent report, it has no detectable effect on human platelets in the soluble or amorphous form. The possibility that the observed results might be due to contaminating interstitial collagens was eliminated by taking advantage of unusual solubility properties of type V collagen. Type V collagen dissolved in 0.1M acetic acid formed native-type fibrils when dialyzed against PBS and amorphous fibrils when dislyzed against 0.05M Tris/0.13M NaCl, pH 7.4, at 4 degrees C. Interstitial collagens remained in solution under both of these conditions. In addition, type V collagen treated with sufficient, purified synovial collagenase to digest all contaminating interstitial collagen retained its platelet-aggregating properties. The purity of type V collagen was confirmed by SDS-PAGE of CNBr digests. These data indicate that the quaternary structure of type V collagen is important in its recognition by platelet membranes. PMID- 7350246 TI - Increased production of superoxide anion by macrophages exposed in vitro to muramyl dipeptide or lipopolysaccharide. AB - After in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP), cultured resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were primed to display enhanced generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Priming with LPS (1 microgram/ml) produced a sevenfold enhancement of PMA-stimulated O2- generation; priming was detected within 30 min and persisted for at least 4 d. Exposure to MDP (1 muM) primed the macrophages to double their O2- release; the response was first observed after 4 h and persisted for at least 3 d. The priming response was not observed with stereoisomers of MDP, which are inactive as adjuvants. LPS and MDP appeared to work directly on the macrophages rather than indirectly by interacting with adherent lymphocytes: (a) Addition of nonadherent cell populations that contained lymphocytes had no effect on the response. (b) The response was normal with cells from nude mice, which lack mature T lymphocytes. (c) Macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, whose B lymphocytes fail to respond to LPS, were weak in their response to priming LPS; the addition of normal (C3Heb/FeJ) nonadherent cells had no effect on this weak response. (d) The macrophage-like cell line J774.1 also showed enhanced O2--generating capacity after a 4-h exposure to LPS or MDP. The O2--generating capacity of macrophages primed with LPS in vitro was equivalent to that previously observed with cells elicited in vivo by injection of LPS or activated by infection with Bacille Calmette-Guerin. The data suggest that previous exposure to bacterial products could prime macrophages to respond with increased production of toxic oxygen metabolites on contact with invading microorganisms or tumor cells. PMID- 7350247 TI - Experimental myasthenia gravis. A murine system. AB - Mice from eight inbred strains were immunized with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) purified from Torpedo californica. All mice developed high concentrations of serum antibodies (10(-6) M) against the immunogen and approximately 80% possessed antibodies reactive with mouse nicotinic AChR. 33% of the mice immunized (n = 236) developed muscular weakness and flaccid paralysis. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and pharmacological similarities were found between the experimentally induced muscular weakness and the disease myasthenia gravis. Susceptibility to experimental myasthenia was found to be strain dependent in that the frequency of paralysis was much greater in some strains than others. The occurrence of muscular weakness and flaccid paralysis did not correlate with the concentration of antibodies reactive with T. californica or mouse AChR. Anti receptor antibodies which increased the rate of AChR degradation on the mouse muscle cell line, BC3H-1, were found in the serum of both myasthenic and nonmyasthenic mice. 40% of the mice tested possessed antibodies reactive with antigenic determinants present on mouse receptor but not T. californica receptor. The occurrence of antibodies unique to mouse receptor did not correlate with myasthenia. Thus, myasthenia in the mouse does not occur simply as a consequence of the presence of antibodies directed against cell surface antigenic determinants of AChR. If anti-AChR antibodies are both necessary and sufficient for the induction of myasthenia, then these studies suggest that populations of a particular structure and/or specificity are required. It is anticipated that the mouse model of myasthenia gravis will permit the regulation of the anti-receptor immune response to be studied in detail. PMID- 7350248 TI - Loss of Fc receptor activity after culture of human monocytes on surface-bound immune complexes. Mediation by cyclic nucleotides. AB - Human monocytes cultured on surface-bound immune complexes exhibited a loss of ability to form rosettes with IgG-sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA). This loss was not a result of inhibition of Fc receptors by solubilized complexes nor of release of soluble factors by the cells. Loss of EA rosetting was not prevented by culture of monocytes at 4 degrees C, or by treatment with colchicine, cytochalasin B, or local anethetic agents. These results suggested that the loss was not secondary to capping or interiorization of Fc receptors. The results of other studies indicated that the Fc receptors were not damaged by lysosomal enzymes or oxygen radicals. Maintenance of EA rosetting ability of monocytes cultured on surface-bound immune complexes was seen after a 3-h preincubation of the cells in 100 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dG). A similar preincubation in ATP or in 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid plus the phosphodiesterase inhibitor methyl isobutyl xanthine led to a partial loss of EA rosetting of cells on plain fibrin and to a partial reversal of the effects of 2dG seen with cells on complexes. We conclude that EA rosetting of monocytes cultured on surface bound immune complexes is reduced by cyclic nucleotide-mediated effects on Fc receptor number or function. PMID- 7350249 TI - Incidence and specificities of IgA and IgM anti-AgG autoantibodies in various mouse strains and colonies. AB - Mice, greater than 20 wk old, were tested for the presence of anti-IgG autoantibodies by agglutination and radioimmunoassay. IgA and IgM anti-IgG were found in the 129/Sv, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 strains from the local colony at the International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology (ICP), at the Institut Pasteur de Paris (IP), and in the endotoxin-resistant C3H/He strain of ICP. These strains were negative at Iffa Credo (IC), and at The Jackson Laboratory (JL). Among 33 strains from the latter colony, 129/J, AKR/J, CBA/J, C57L/J, and NZB/BinJ were positive. All were specific pathogen-free and, excepting the NZB/BinJ, are not known to develop systemic autoimmune disorders. These differences between colonies suggest an influence of the environment on the production of anti-IgG. Evidence for the role of an infectious agent was provided by the fact that germ-free DBA/2 were negative in contrast to their SPF relatives. Strains which were positive at ICP and IP for anti-IgG had four-times higher serum levels of total IgA and two-times higher levels of total IgG than the corresponding negative strains from IC and JL. The anti-IgG titers differed markedly from one strain to the other in the same environment; e.g., in mice from ICP, BALB/c mice produced 40-times less anti-IgG than 129/Sv. IgA anti-IgG occurred only in high producers of anti-IgG. In these animals, the proportion of IgA vs. IgM anti-IgG was very different from one group to the other; C57BL/6 had mainly IgM anti-IgG, DBA/2 mainly IgA anti-IgG, and 129/Sv both IgM and IgA anti IgG. The IgA anti-IgG from 129/Sv, 129/J, NZB/BinJ, C57L/J, DBA/2, and C3H/He had restricted hetero-, iso-, and allotypic specificities. It reacted only with mouse IgGa2, but not with the Ig-1b allotype. C57BL/6 also had IgA anti-IgG with a narrow specificity, but directed against IgG1 without allotypic restriction. In contrast to the specificity of IgA anti-IgG, the antibody activity of IgM anti IgG was much broader, except in the 129/Sv and 129/J strains where IgM anti-IgG shared the same narrow specificity with IgA. PMID- 7350250 TI - Functional disability of elderly family medicine patients in acute care hospital and nursing homes. AB - This report describes the functional impairments of elderly patients from a family medicine program who were admitted either to an acute care hospital or long-term care facilities over the course of a year. Assessments were performed in the areas of social and economic resources, mental health, physical health, and the ability to perform routine activities needed for independent living. The presence of significant functional impairment in many of the areas suggests the need for the family physician to develop skills in working as a member of a health care team in order to design and implement a comprehensive treatment plan for elderly patients admitted either to hospitals or long-term care facilities. PMID- 7350251 TI - Outpatient endometrial sampling. AB - Endometrial sampling is an easily performed, economical, and accurate outpatient diagnostic procedure with wide application in gynecology. It is readily accepted by patients as an alternative to inpatient dilatation and curettage. The information which it provides relative to endometrial histology enables the physician to detect premalignant and malignant processes, to be precise in making diagnoses, and to document the results of therapy. PMID- 7350252 TI - Multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7350253 TI - Toxicity related to acute low dose sodium fluoride ingestions. PMID- 7350254 TI - Adding information and intelligence to a family practice data system. AB - A critical test of any data system is its relevance; more simply, reports must present what users want. At MCV, the current system is a direct response to expressed user demands (corroborated by results of a survey of British general practitioners). That is, resident and physicians are interested in workload rates, such as visits/patient, and a delineation of diagnoses by frequency. Applications of these reports are organizational, comparative, and educational. The ultimate goal of data systems in family practice is the production of intelligence about health and health affairs: clearly, this is valuable in patient care, research, and education. Methods outlined above will contribute to achieving this end by adding information and intelligence to data systems. PMID- 7350255 TI - Patient discussion groups in the training of family practice residents. PMID- 7350256 TI - Where shall we live and for whom shall we care? PMID- 7350257 TI - Evaluation and examination in family medicine in Israel. PMID- 7350258 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart association Registry. PMID- 7350259 TI - Clinical pharmacy in family practice. PMID- 7350260 TI - Depression in family practice: some effects on spouses and children. AB - Medical complaints and office visits of spouses and children of depressed patients were examined and compared to a matched comparison group of spouses and children of nondepressed patients. Both spouses and children of depressed patients showed increased numbers of visits and complaints which returned to control levels one year after the depression was diagnosed and treated. Infection, pain, functional, and anxiety complaints showed significant increases in spouses over controls. Definite diagnoses, infections, pain, and anxiety complaints were significantly increased in children compared to controls. In both spouses and children these complaints returned to control levels by the third period of the study, one year after the depression had been diagnosed (and treatment for depression started). The pain, functional, and anxiety complaints of spouses and children were very similar qualitatively to those of the depressed patients. The results demonstrate the validity of the family as a unit of medical care. PMID- 7350261 TI - Navajo Indian medicine: implications for healing. AB - Traditional medicine men coexist with physicians and hospitals on the 25,000 square mile Navajo Indian Reservation. Most seriously ill Navajos utilize both systems of health care. This natural experiment of coexistence emphasizes several general characteristics of all healing. Traditional ceremonies are successful because they are integrated into Navajo belief systems and meet needs of sick people not dealt with by the available Western medicine. Physicians and other healers simply remove obstacles to the body's restoration of homeostasis or, as the Navajo say, to harmony. Reductionism limits the spectrum of obstacles considered relevant (eg, causes of illness), but an alternate model might include emotional, social, or spiritual phenomena equally as significant to healing as are biochemical phenomena. In that context, nonmedical healers, as well as physicians, can potentially influence factors relevant to getting well. PMID- 7350262 TI - The clinical pharmacist in a family practice residency program. AB - A project of interdisciplinary family medicine education was conducted in which a clinical pharmacist served as a drug therapy consultant-educator in a family practice residency program. The clinical pharmacist provided drug information, advised about drug therapy, taught in formal conferences, prepared and disseminated a drug information bulletin, made rounds with the physicians, provided drug blood level consultation, and conducted a drug utilization review project. The family physicians' attitudes about clinical pharmacy were assessed by interviews before and after the project and by a questionnaire administered after the project. The physicians and the pharmacist in this model were observed to have a greater understanding of the interdisciplinary team practice concept; and an active role for the clinical pharmacist as a teacher and consultant was reinforced. PMID- 7350263 TI - An evaluation system for residency training. AB - The authors distinguish between systematic and episodic methods of educational evaluation and review the numerous pressures necessitating incorporation of evaluation systems into house-staff training programs. Such pressures include needs to document quality and quantity of training experiences, often mandated by external agencies, as well as trainee desire for increased feedback to guide their personal development. In response, a house-staff evaluation model based on principles of participative decision making and collegial information sharing was developed and implemented at the University of North Carolina. The model features use of multiple and interacting sources of information about each resident and structured occasion for that information to be discussed in the resident's presence. This process leads to carefully documented decisions about strengths and weaknesses of each resident and about the program itself. Evaluation systems are beneficial to the degree that their design matches the organizational climate of the program they serve, and to the degree that they can evolve as the program evolves to maintain such goodness-of-fit. PMID- 7350264 TI - Family emotional health: a survey of family practice patients. AB - As a step toward defining psychosocial areas in which resident training in family medicine is needed, this study assessed the concerns patients had about the emotional health of their families. A questionnaire was developed to survey the patient concerns (ie, worries or perceived problems) for the developmental, psychological, and social functioning of their families. Patients in three family practice settings were administered the questionnaire while waiting for their appointments. Sixty-four percent of the patients perceived one or more areas of concern in their families. Close to half (48.9 percent) had concerns about themselves. Concerns about the emotional well-being of spouses were identified by 39.5 percent of those having spouses, and for children, 38.2 percent of those having children. Also, 39.7 percent expressed concern about their parents' emotional health. Further, while only 3.5 percent of the patients were given a psychiatric diagnosis, 26.5 percent of the charts contained notes revealing psychosocial problems at some patient visit. The results point to a major need for family physicians to develop skills in child, adult, and family evaluation of psychosocial functioning. PMID- 7350265 TI - Comparison of diagnostic methods of family practice and internal medicine residents. AB - The diagnostic methods of third year residents in internal medicine (N=23) and family practice (N=22) were compared with respect to common ambulatory patient problems. Five written simulated patients were presented and the dependent variables were: initial and revised diagnostic hypotheses, physical examination items, and laboratory charges. The two groups considered the same number and type of diagnostic hypotheses. There were large differences in the selection of physical examination items (P less than .001), with the family practice group selecting fewer items. Laboratory charges were significantly greater for the internal medicine group with two patients (P less than .05), and the charges were nearly identical with two patients. A high degree of patient-specific behavior was demonstrated by both groups. These findings have implications for the future training of primary care physicians. PMID- 7350266 TI - Treatment of intracavernous and giant carotid aneurysms by combined internal carotid ligation and extra- to intracranial bypass. AB - Ten patients with intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms were managed by combining ICA ligation with an extracranial to intracranial bypass procedure. Nine of these grafts were proven patient by angiogram. One patient was unable to return for postoperative angiograms; his graft ahd appeared patent on physical examination. Seven aneurysms were intracavernous, two were giant carotid ophthalmic aneurysms, and one aneurysm was at the intracranial bifurcation of the ICA. Despite occlusion cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements of 20 ml/100 gm/min or less in six patients, only one patient was unable to tolerate ICA ligation. Three patients developed transient aphasia, but there were no permanent neurological deficits associated with the carotid occlusion. Seven patients had improvement in pre-existing extraocular palsies or visual field defects. Others remained stable. The combination of an extracranial to intracranial microvascular bypass procedure with ICA ligation seems to be an effective method of treatment for aneurysms near the base of the skull that cannot be obliterated by a direct intracranial approach. The addition of the bypass procedure permits ICA ligation in patients who would not otherwise have tolerated occlusion of that vessel. Intraoperative xenon CBF measurements are an important adjunct to the operation. PMID- 7350267 TI - A dynamic pressure study of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea in the empty sella syndrome. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea in a patient with the empty sella syndrome in whom continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring revealed intermittent peaks of raised ICP. Following a shunt procedure, ICP reverted to normal and the CSF rhinorrhea ceased for 10 weeks. The sella turcica was packed with muscle after the CSF rhinorrhea recurred. PMID- 7350268 TI - Shunt catheter impacted in the vena cava. Case report. AB - A shunt-dependent patient had an atrial catheter firmly adherent in the superior vena cava. Thoracotomy was required for its removal. PMID- 7350269 TI - Traumatic intracranial aneurysms. AB - Eleven cases of traumatic intracranial aneurysms, six saccular and five arteriovenous, are presented with an operative mortality of 22.2%, which compares favorably with the few reports in the literature. These lesions are usually associated with serious head injuries. The diagnosis is often delayed or overlooked as the surgeon's attention is distracted by the presence of an accompanying intracranial hematoma. With increasing replacement of angiography by computerized tomography in aneurysm diagnosis, these aneurysms are even more likely to escape detection. They should be suspected in any patient who deteriorates within 2 weeks of the trauma. Conservative management carries a mortality rate of about 50%. Because of their superficial location, they are amenable to successful surgical extirpation. Improved mortality depends on early recognition and surgical obliteration. PMID- 7350270 TI - Acute renal failure following cerebral angiography and infusion computerized tomography. Case report. AB - The authors report a case in which acute renal failure developed following angiography and computerized tomography with infusion of contrast material performed within the same day. PMID- 7350271 TI - Parenchymal cerebrospinal fluid extravasation as a complication of computerized tomography. Case report. AB - A case is presented in which neurological deterioration occurred during a computerized tomographic study. Total hemispheric dysfunction was seen in a patient with a postoperative suboccipital pseudomeningocele, whose head was wrapped in a compressive water bag. Cerebrospinal fluid was forced under pressure into the parenchyma of the right hemisphere, around a ventricular catheter. The neurological dysfunction resolved promptly with shunting. PMID- 7350272 TI - Surgery of posterior communicating artery aneurysms that enlarge after common carotid ligation. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients are reported who were originally treated by ligation of the common carotid artery for ruptured aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery. Long term follow-up studies showed that the aneurysms had enlarged, and direct surgery of the aneurysms was undertaken. PMID- 7350273 TI - Cerebral cyst infection with Micrococcus sedentarius. Case report. AB - A 7-year-old boy with congenital hydrocephalus and a left septate cerebral cyst presented with a shunt infection due to Micrococcus sedentarius, resistant to all penicillins. The shunt infection was persistent despite several courses of parenteral, intraventricular, and intracyst antibiotics. Evaluation of the ventricular fluid revealed adequate "killing power" against the patient's microorganism. No extracranial focus of infection could be found. Computerized tomographic scanning, along with air ventriculography, identified a noncommunicating area of the cerebral cyst. Only when communication between this location and the rest of the cyst was established were the antibiotics efficacious. Undercirculated areas of cerebrospinal fluid should be sought when shunt infections and ventriculitis persist in spite of adequate parenteral and local therapy in patients with brain cysts. PMID- 7350274 TI - Systemic Weber-Christian disease presenting as an intracranial mass lesion. Case report. AB - A case is reported in which systemic Weber-Christian disease presented as a dural mass causing the signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The literature and possible pathogenesis of this entity are discussed. PMID- 7350275 TI - Control of bone bleeding during Cloward procedure. Technical note. AB - A simple and effective technique is described for the control of bone bleeding during the Cloward procedure for anterior cervical interbody fusion. PMID- 7350276 TI - Motorcycle injuries. PMID- 7350277 TI - Acoustic neurilemmoma. Clinicoanatomical study of 103 patients. PMID- 7350278 TI - Management of the unresectable cystic craniopharyngioma by aspiration through an Ommaya reservoir drainage system. AB - Four patients with primary and recurrent craniopharyngiomas that were grossly cystic were managed by intermittent aspiration through an indwelling Ommaya reservoir apparatus. The technique is safe and provides a reasonable alternative for the amelioration of signs and symptoms when total extirpation of the tumor is impossible. PMID- 7350279 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic levels during treatment of shunt infections. AB - Twenty patients with documented cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections were treated with daily intraventricular injections of methicillin, cephalothin, or gentamicin without removal of the shunt or external ventricular drainage. Periodic determinations of intraventricular antibiotic concentration revealed significant levels in relation to the established minimum inhibitory concentration in all cases. PMID- 7350280 TI - Spinal epidural neoplasia. A 15-year review of the results of surgical therapy. AB - The outcome following decompressive laminectomy and spinal irradiation has been evaluated in 104 consecutive patients with epidural metastatic neoplasia, using broad criteria for successful outcome. Of patients so treated, 33% were benefited, while 23% became worse. Both tumor histology and the preoperative neurological status were important factors in determining the response to this therapy. The authors review the surgical and radiotherapeutic literature in the treatment of this condition, and conclude that there is no clearly established superiority of laminectomy followed by irradiation over radiotherapy alone. Specific indications for surgery exist if prior histological confirmation of malignancy is lacking, if there is neurological deterioration during radiotherapy, or if there are recurrent symptoms referable to a previously irradiated metastasis. Surgery is also indicated if facilities for prompt administration of radiotherapy are unavailable. PMID- 7350281 TI - The response of feline spinal pial arterioles to norepinephrine. AB - The effect of norepinephrine on the diameter of feline spinal pial arteries and arterioles was studied by microapplication of the drug to the perivascular environment. Vascular diameter was determined by the television image-splitting method. Application of norepinephrine over the range of 5 x 10(-8) M to 5 x 10( 3) M to spinal pial arterioles resulted in constriction of the vessels. The dose response curve showed a tendency to plateau at concentrations above 5 x 10(-5) M, with a maximal constriction of 28.8 +/- 5.1% at 5 x 10(-3) M. The reduction in vessel diameter to microapplication of norepinephrine was prevented with the inclusion of an equimolar concentration of the alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, in the injectate. The data indicate the presence of alpha adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of spinal pial arterioles, and it is suggested that the arguments pertaining to the sympathetic control of blood flow in the brain apply also to the spinal cord. PMID- 7350282 TI - Vestibulospinal monitoring in experimental spinal trauma. AB - Vestibulospinal tract function was monitored in experimental contusion of the spinal cord in cats, and compared with somatosensory cortical evoked potentials. Both white and gray matter portions of the vestibular and somatosensory pathways were evaluated in cord injuries at T-7 and L-4. Severe contusions of 20 gm-20 cm force impact resulted in a rapid (less than 1 second) abolition of thoracic white matter conductivity, but a somewhat slower (4 to 5 minutes) loss of lumbar gray matter responses. A paradoxical transient recovery of white matter conductivity occurred 1 to 2 hours after injury, despite eventual progression to central hemorrhagic necrosis at the contusion site. In contrast, mild contusions (20 gm 10 cm force impact) produced only a temporary loss of neuronal activity: white matter for 1 to 2 hours, and gray matter for 30 to 40 minutes. In general, vestibular and somatosensory potentials showed similar sensitivity to contusion, although the former tended to recover earlier. We conclude that contusion injury causes two types of neuronal dysfunction in spinal cord: 1) a low-threshold concussion-related loss of activity lasting 30 to 120 minutes; and 2) a higher threshold necrotic process, requiring 1 to 2 hours to develop, which apparently spreads from gray to white matter. PMID- 7350283 TI - Ineffectiveness of enzyme therapy on regeneration in the transected spinal cord of the rat. PMID- 7350284 TI - Servo-controlled lumbar infusions in children. A quantitative approach to the problem of arrested hydrocephalus. AB - Servo-controlled variable-rate lumbar infusions were performed in 11 children with presumed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorptive defects. The CSF dynamics were determined as a function of intracranial pressure in terms of CSF absorptive capacity and resting pressure. These physiological measurements showed poor correlation with traditional clinical signs. On the basis of the CSF measurements there were four children with arrested hydrocephalus, one with compensated hydrocephalus, three with active hydrocephalus, and three with brain atrophy. Retrospective management decisions based on the clinical presentations, physical findings, and traditional diagnostic tests disagreed with management as indicated by the CSF measurements in eight of 11 cases. It is suggested that this technique may be a useful diagnostic tool for difficult clinical problems. PMID- 7350285 TI - Diagnosis of empty sella syndrome using Amipaque cisternography combined with computerized tomography. AB - A neuroradiological technique for demonstrating the empty sella syndrome using a low dose of intrathecally injected Amipaque (metrizamide) combined with computerized tomography scanning is described. Two case reports illustrating the potential value of the technique are presented. We have performed 55 cisternograms and have demonstrated the empty sella syndrome in six patients. The procedure is easier to perform and the morbidity is less than in pneumoencephalography. PMID- 7350286 TI - The management of acute severe asthma. PMID- 7350287 TI - Hyperkalemia following exchange transfusion. PMID- 7350288 TI - Death following an exchange transfusion with hemoglobin SC blood. PMID- 7350289 TI - Association of hemorrhagic disease and the syndrome of persistent fetal circulation with the fetal hydantoin syndrome. PMID- 7350290 TI - Bacterial toxin and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7350291 TI - Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin in pediatric patients. PMID- 7350292 TI - The combined effect of growth hormone and oxandrolone in patients with growth hormone deficiency. AB - Twenty patients with growth hormone deficiency ranging in age from 5 5/12 to 15 8/12 years were treated for 12 months with a combination of human growth hormone and oxandrolone, followed by a period of six months off both medications. Eight of the patients received the combined therapy during the first year of hGH treatment, and 12 during either the second or fourth years of hGH administration. In considering growth velocity alone, the addition of anabolic steroid was beneficial. The bone age advanced rapidly when oxandrolone was added during the first year of hGH treatment, and less rapidly in subsequent years. The increased growth velocity, however, compensated for the acceleration of bone maturation and the overall effect of the combined treatment was beneficial, particularly when used after the first year of hGH treatment. We conclude that there is no advantage to using oxandrolone during the first year of hGH therapy, that oxandrolone in the appropriate dose is of benefit in subsequent years of hGH treatment, and that because of the individual variation in bone maturation, bone age should be frequently assessed. PMID- 7350293 TI - Consequences of modified fasting in obese pediatric and adolescent patients. I. Protein-sparing modified fast. AB - Sixteen obese patients 9 to 16 years of age were treated with a protein-sparing modified fast for four weeks in a metabolic unit, using lean meat as the sole calorie-containing nutrient. Total weight loss was 7.11 +/- 0.33 kg (mean +/- SEM). One-half of the patients achieved positive daily nitrogen balance by the fourth week. Cumulative N balance was -28.8 +/- 10.0 gm. Serum albumin concentration remained normal. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were stable, but decreases in total lymphocyte (P less than 0.005) and neutrophil counts (P less than 0.01) were noted. Cell-mediated immunity (four patients) remained normal. Protein synthetic and catabolic rates (two patients) revealed only minimal changes. Cumulative N balance correlated (P less than 0.01) with mean fasting serum insulin concentration, which was related (P less than 0.005) to body fat mass. The PSMF has therapeutic potential for achieving safe, rapid weight loss in severely obese older children and adolescents. PMID- 7350294 TI - Effect of growth hormone and oxandrolone singly and together on growth rate in girls with X chromosome abnormalities. AB - The linear growth effects of oxandrolone, human growth hormone, and Ox + hGH were compared in six girls, age 11 to 15 years, with X chromosome abnormalities (three with X,O karyotype, three with Turner syndrome variants). Over six successive three-month periods, the patient received either no treatment, Ox, hGH, or Ox + hGH. The data demonstrate a significant (P less than 0.001) synergistic effect between Ox and hGH in stimulating linear growth in Turner syndrome and its variants. PMID- 7350295 TI - Treatment of an infant with severe chloramphenicol intoxication using charcoal column hemoperfusion. AB - A 3,200 gm 12-day-old male infant with complex urologic problems underwent charcoal hemoperfusion for severe accidental chloramphenicol intoxication. Immediately prior to CH, with a serum chloramphenicol level of 98 micrograms/ml, the child was in profound shock, ashen-gray, hypothermic, and acidotic. Chloramphenicol levels indicated virtually complete removal of this drug by the CH column. Three hours of CH treatment resulted in a reduction of the chloramphenicol level to 13.5 micrograms/ml and complete reversal of the described clinical syndrome. No serious complications of CH were encountered. We conclude that chloramphenicol poisoning is treatable by CH and that this therapeutic modality may be safely carried out in infants and small children. PMID- 7350296 TI - The management of life-threatening hyperammonemia: a comparison of several therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7350297 TI - Somatostatin treatment of insulin excess due to beta-cell adenoma in a neonate. PMID- 7350298 TI - Gentamicin-induced Fanconi syndrome. PMID- 7350299 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and the effect of lithium in its treatment. PMID- 7350300 TI - Folic acid deficiency and hypotonia. PMID- 7350301 TI - Folic acid deficiency and hypotonia. PMID- 7350302 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity re infection. PMID- 7350303 TI - Use of oxandrolone in Turner syndrome. PMID- 7350304 TI - Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7350305 TI - Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7350306 TI - Cultures for gonorrhea at time of delivery. PMID- 7350307 TI - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7350308 TI - Hyperventilation in the treatment of persistent fetal circulation. PMID- 7350309 TI - Treatment of short stature in Turner syndrome. PMID- 7350310 TI - Oral therapy in children with cholera: a comparison of sucrose and glucose electrolyte solutions. AB - We performed a double-blind trial comparing sucrose electrolyte oral solution with glucose electrolyte oral solution in children less than 5 years of age with severe cholera-like diarrhea. Of 111 patients studied (102 with bacteriologically confirmed cholera), 55 received sucrose solution and 56 received glucose solution. The success rates, as defined by the absence of the need to give unscheduled intravenous therapy, were similar in the two groups (73% and 77% in the sucrose and glucose groups, respectively). There was no difference in purging rates between the two groups. The primary determinant of success for oral fluid regardless of the sugar was the purging rate. Sucrose malabsorption was responsible for oral therapy failure in one child. This study demonstrates that sucrose is an effective alternative to glucose in the oral therapy solution, but either must be used in conjunction with intravenous solution when treating severe dehydrating diarrhea. PMID- 7350311 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica gastroenteritis: a prospective study of clinical, bacteriologic, and epidemiologic features. AB - A prospective study was performed to estimate the frequency of gastroenteritis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in Montreal children and their families. Evidence of bacterial infection was correlated with clinical features and serologic responses. YE was isolated from the stools of 181 (index cases) of 6,364 children with gastroenteritis over a 15-month period; Salmonella was isolated from 280 and Shigella from 68. Median ages were 24, 30, and 41 months, respectively. All but 18 YE isolates were biotype 4, serotype 0:3. YE was not found in the stools of 545 children without gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations of the index cases with YE biotype 4, serotype 0:3 (n = 57) included diarrhea (98%), fever (88%), abdominal pain (64.5%), and vomiting (38.5%) with mean durations of 14, 3.9, 7.7, and 2.4 days, respectively. The duration of excretion of YE in the stool ranged from 14 to 97 days (mean 42). Spread of YE occurred in 27 of 57 families studied, involving 15 of 41 children and 19 of 117 adult contacts; approximately one-third of infected contacts developed diarrhea. Agglutination titers of greater than or equal to 200 were demonstrated in all index cases infected with serotype 0:3, with the exception of two very young infants. YE is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Montreal children. The illness is characterized by persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain, prolonged YE excretion in the stools, and moderate communicability. PMID- 7350312 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica without hypozincemia: therapeutic effect of a pancreatic enzyme preparation due to a zinc-binding ligand. AB - The clinical course and intestinal absorption studies of a female infant who developed diarrhea after cessation of breast feeding, mood changes, and intermittently had mild perioral and perianal rashes are described. She showed a partial response to a pancreatic enzyme preparation which was attributed to its content of a zinc-binding ligand, picolinic acid. Complete recovery occurred on pharmacologic doses of zinc. Exacerbation occurred twice upon withdrawal of the oral zinc medication. The zinc concentrations of plasma and intestinal mucosa were normal. PMID- 7350313 TI - Complete and incomplete forms of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: their oncogenic potential. AB - The diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome may be missed because of variable or incomplete clinical expression. Recognition of such patients is important, however, because they have the potential for development of neoplasia. It seems likely that BWS and the congenital asymmetry-abdominal malignancy syndrome are at either end of the same spectrum, and that intermediate forms are the connecting links. PMID- 7350314 TI - The role of oral electrolyte-glucose solutions in hydration for children- international and domestic aspects. PMID- 7350315 TI - Research on the brain dead. PMID- 7350316 TI - Acidosis associated with dietotherapy of maple syrup urine disease. PMID- 7350317 TI - Macroamylasemia. PMID- 7350318 TI - Neonatal hypernatremia associated with elevated sodium concentration of breast milk. PMID- 7350319 TI - Radiation nephritis with hypertension and hyperreninemia following chemotherapy: cure by nephrectomy. PMID- 7350320 TI - Vitamin E status of infants fed formula containing medium-chain triglycerides. PMID- 7350321 TI - Familial dysautonomia associated with recurrent osteomyelitis in a non-Jewish girl. PMID- 7350322 TI - The ductus arteriosus in the preterm infant: histologic and clinical observations. AB - In order to elucidate some of the unexplained phenomena in prolonged patency of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, the histology of the ductus was studied in 27 cases. Some of the infants had been treated with indomethacin. Four morphologic maturation stages are distinguished. There was no strict relation between gestational age or birth weight and histologic maturation. Therefore, one cannot predict whether a ductus is likely to be mature at the time of birth. In all infants with clinically diagnosed prolonged patency of the ductus beyond the first week, the immature maturation stage or the permanent patent type was observed. In both stages, reopening after initial closure with indomethacin occurred. PMID- 7350323 TI - Low-dose theophylline therapy in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. AB - The effects of theophylline at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day (with resultant serum concentrations of 2.8 to 3.9 micrograms/ml) were observed in seven premature infants with severe idiopathic apnea. The frequency of apneic episodes decreased 62 +/- 9% (SEM) and the frequency of episodes of bradycardia decreased 73 +/- 9% following 24-48 hours of this therapy. No changes in ventilatory response to CO2 resting respiratory minute volume, arterial blood gas values, resting heart rate, or serum electrolyte concentrations were observed. Theophylline at this dose appears to be a safe and effective treatment for idiopathic apnea in premature infants. It works by a mechanism other than increasing CO2 sensitivity. PMID- 7350324 TI - Belgian oral antifungal agent looks promising. PMID- 7350325 TI - FDA restricts use of one intraocular lens type. PMID- 7350326 TI - Retiring may predispose to fatal heart attack. PMID- 7350327 TI - From the NIH: Family history information enables physicians to recognize genetically 'at risk' patients. PMID- 7350328 TI - From the NIH: Immune interferon in blood may aid in diagnosing active autoimmune disease. PMID- 7350329 TI - The use of 2-deoxy-D-glucose for genital herpes. PMID- 7350330 TI - Ginseng revisited. PMID- 7350331 TI - Schistosomiasis. PMID- 7350332 TI - Beware of the temperature chart. PMID- 7350333 TI - Ginseng and high blood pressure.