PMID- 3444177 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum SCC-antigen in urothelial malignancies]. PMID- 3444178 TI - [A study of tissue distribution of hematoporphyrin derivatives in cystectomy specimens]. PMID- 3444179 TI - [Study of the penile hemodynamics. The third report: analysis of the hemodynamic causes of the alterations in the depolarizing current measured by open tip type oxygen electrode polarographic method in the corpus cavernosum]. PMID- 3444180 TI - [Studies on the function of the upper urinary tract. XXV. Effect of increased pressure in the upper urinary tract on ureteral wall microcirculation]. PMID- 3444181 TI - [A retrospective clinical study of relapsed prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3444182 TI - [Pressure-flow study of the upper urinary tract. 2. The pressure-flow study of the congenital hydronephrosis]. PMID- 3444183 TI - [Clinical application of flow cytometry in urology. V. Monitoring of intravesical BCG treatment in superficial bladder carcinoma with flow cytometric DNA histograms]. PMID- 3444184 TI - [Criteria for diagnosis of anaplastic seminoma]. PMID- 3444185 TI - [Radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3444186 TI - [Radical transurethral resection of prostate in spinal cord injury patients. 1. Its clinical therapeutic effects]. PMID- 3444187 TI - [Radical transurethral resection of prostate in spinal cord injury patients. II. Its urodynamic evaluation]. PMID- 3444188 TI - [Stricture of the prostatic urethra following TUR-P]. PMID- 3444189 TI - [Barium granuloma involving the urinary bladder: a case report]. PMID- 3444190 TI - [Neurogenic bladder in patients with SLE]. PMID- 3444191 TI - [A case of PN1 ureteral tumor with special reference to the significance of lymphadenectomy]. PMID- 3444192 TI - [Clinical and immunological study on chronic intractable pulmonary tuberculosis- an immune spectrum in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444193 TI - [Estimate of a trend of incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis after abolition of mass miniature radiography]. PMID- 3444194 TI - [Long-term results of short course chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Second study-B: results at 6 years after the end of 4-9 month chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444195 TI - [Metabolism of rifampicin in the human body (2nd report)--Initial change of the rifampicin metabolism, its glucuronidation and its enzymatic oxidation in the stomach]. PMID- 3444196 TI - [Determination of specific antibody value in patients with tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis]. PMID- 3444197 TI - [Clinical study of sarcoidosis with special reference to significance and diagnostic value of 201T1 scintigraphy and 99mTc perfusion lung scintigraphy]. PMID- 3444198 TI - [Treatment and prognosis in cases of M. avium-intracellulare infection]. PMID- 3444199 TI - Health in the workplace. Workers' health. PMID- 3444200 TI - Continuing nursing education: should attendance be mandatory? PMID- 3444201 TI - Infertility--a community problem. PMID- 3444202 TI - [Pseudovalvular variant of myocarditis]. PMID- 3444203 TI - [Prazosin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in patients with myocardial infarct complicated by heart failure in the subacute period]. AB - Central hemodynamic parameters were monitored by invasive procedures (pulmonary arterial catheterization), and prazosin kinetics following the administration of a single 5 mg dose were determined in 69 patients with subacute myocardial infarction, complicated by heart failure. The response to prazosin was dependent on pretreatment hemodynamic parameters and differed between patients with early and manifest heart failure. There was a correlation between the peaks of hemodynamic change and drug concentration. PMID- 3444204 TI - [Effect of gravitation plasmapheresis on central hemodynamics and indices of myocardial metabolism in patients with acute complicated myocardial infarct]. AB - A study of 32 patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction, treated with gravitation plasmapheresis during the acute phase of the disease, demonstrated a significant drop in blood concentrations of compounds with high molecular weights (fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein) as well as a significant activation of the heart's pumping function, while total peripheral resistance declined, as did the degree of myocardial ischemia. This is interpreted as an evidence of positive effect of plasmapheresis on central hemodynamics, myocardial metabolism and clinical course of myocardial infarction in such patients. PMID- 3444205 TI - [Effectiveness of isolation ultracentrifugation in the combined treatment of heart failure refractory to therapy developing in the presence of severe arterial hypertension with stable and malignant courses]. AB - The feasibility and practicability of isolated ultrafiltration, or extracorporeal evacuation of excessive body fluid, was assessed in patients with severe stable and malignant arterial hypertension, complicated by refractory heart failure. This procedure, added to combined treatment, is a means to overcome resistance to medication, achieve a stable compensation of circulatory insufficiency symptoms, bring down arterial blood pressure and use smaller doses of hypotensive and diuretic drugs. Isolated ultrafiltration proves less effective in patients with cachectic circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 3444206 TI - [Use of nifedipine for treating heart failure in the subacute period of myocardial infarct in patients over 60]. AB - The efficiency of nifedipine (an average daily dose of 34.7 +/- 0.2 mg) was examined in 19 patients between 60 and 81 years of age, with myocardial infarction aggravated by heart failure. Single and repeated nifedipine doses taken for 2 weeks produced a 7% drop in arterial BP, a 25% drop in peripheral resistance and a 18% rise in the cardiac index, mostly due to a 17% increase in the stroke index. A significant prolongation of left-ventricular ejection time and an improvement of myocardial contractility were due to smaller poststress and easier left-ventricular blood ejection. Nifedipine improved hemodynamic response to isometric handgrip exercise: peripheral resistance was lower, and the stroke and cardiac indices were higher at the peak of exercise after nifedipine administration, as compared to pretreatment values. Nifedipine is an effective agent for the treatment of postinfarction heart failure accompanied with high peripheral resistance. PMID- 3444207 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of papillary muscle dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. AB - A study of 123 patients with acute myocardial infarction demonstrated the potentials of combined use of sectoral scanning and Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of the papillary muscle dysfunction syndrome. Two basic pathogenetic mechanisms of papillary muscle dysfunction associated with acute myocardial infarction are identified: direct involvement of the papillary muscles and papillary muscle dysfunction developing in cases of marked left-ventricular dilatation associated with acute aneurysm of the heart. Two-dimensional impulse Doppler echocardiography is found to be a more sensitive method, as compared to sectoral scanning, in the diagnosis of mitral lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3444208 TI - [Shape of the left ventricular cavity during ejection in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Different types of left-ventricular wall movement were demonstrated in normal subjects and coronary patients, the differences being due to different degrees of reduction in the equatorial diameter of the cavity in the ejection phase. Rationale are given for using the mean diameter for left-ventricular volume calculations. A linear relationship has been demonstrated between the degree of diameter reduction and the ejection fraction. The latter is shown to be dependent on left-ventricular end diastolic volume. Regional myocardial contractility, a parameter of high diagnostic value, based on segmental ejection fraction, is introduced. PMID- 3444209 TI - [Myocardial contractile function of the left ventricle in the early stage of alcoholic heart lesion]. AB - An echocardiographic study of 72 chronic alcoholic patients showing no cardiomegaly or heart failure demonstrated an impairment of local septal contractility in 44 (61.1%) patients, left ventricular posterior wall contractility in 35 (48.6%) and left ventricular pumping function in 21 (29.1%). Left cavity was dilated in 11 (13.8%) patients. These changes were more marked and frequent in cases of long years of alcohol abuse. PMID- 3444210 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the initial stage of alcoholic lesion of the heart in periodic and systematic forms of alcohol consumption]. AB - A combined study of patients with second- or third-stage chronic alcoholism, prone to drinking bouts or regular alcohol consumption, was carried out to evaluate the clinical course of an early stage of alcoholic heart damage (AHD). The AHD patients with second- or third-stage chronic alcoholism and periodic alcohol consumption typically exhibited recurrent chest pains, heart rhythm disorders, signs of heart failure after an alcoholic bout, and those given to regular drinking had somato-vegetative complaints. PMID- 3444211 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic function of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - A study of 79 patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCMP), making use of echo- and angiocardiography and catheterization of various heart compartments, has demonstrated considerable changes in left ventricular diastolic properties, common to this condition: reduced pliancy of heart chamber, increased myocardial rigidity and impaired myocardial relaxation. Reduced left ventricular diastolic pliancy is associated with myocardial hypertrophy and impaired relaxation. PMID- 3444212 TI - [Noninvasive assessment of the function of the lesser circulation and of the right heart in mitral stenosis]. AB - Functional status of the pulmonary circulation network and the right compartments of the heart was assessed by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography at rest and under isometric stress (handgrip with both hands) in 36 patients with varying degrees of mitral stenosis. An early stage of the condition is characterized by hyper-reactivity of the pulmonary circulation vessels as well as intact right ventricular contractility. Hypertensive response of the pulmonary circulation vessels in combination with inadequately small increase in right-ventricular contractility are suggestive of an early stage of right-ventricular heart failure. PMID- 3444213 TI - [Central hemodynamic changes in the early stages of the development of cor pulmonale]. AB - Changes in central hemodynamic parameters in response to acetylcholine aerosol inhalations were evaluated in 60 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 17 normal male subjects. In patients with chronic bronchitis, induced bronchial obstruction was accompanied with increased heart rate and stroke volume as well as circulation shift to a hyperdynamic regimen with a rise in minute volume and systemic arterial blood pressure. There was no direct correlation between the degree of bronchial obstruction and the increment in cardiac output. The increase in cardiac output was however shown to be significantly higher in individuals who responded to acetylcholine inhalation with an at least 20% drop in forced exhalation within 1 second, as compared to less sensitive patients, while the rate of hyperdynamic response was dependent on the severity of pre-inhalation bronchial obstruction. PMID- 3444214 TI - [Cardiac pre- and poststress in circulatory failure in postinfarct cardiosclerosis patients]. PMID- 3444215 TI - [Effect of the bicycle ergometry test on lipid peroxidation processes in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The effect of bicycle ergometry on lipid peroxidation was examined in 43 coronary patients. An increase in malonic dialdehyde, a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, was detected in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis, an evidence of intensified lipid peroxidation in systemic tissues. It is proposed that natural antioxidants be used to prevent myocardial metabolic disorders in coronary patients. PMID- 3444216 TI - [Effect of hypoxic training on clinico-hemodynamic indices and physical work capacity of patients with large-focus myocardial infarct]. AB - Hypoxic exercise (inhalation of a hypoxic gas mixture containing 16 to 14% oxygen in nitrogen) was used in 30 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction. Daily training sessions were commenced on day 7 of the disease and continued for 20 days. Moderate hypoxic exercise is shown to have a favorable effect on the clinical course of the disease and hemodynamic parameters in myocardial infarction patients who showed better physical stress tolerance as compared to control patients. PMID- 3444217 TI - [Central hemodynamic function of neurocirculatory dystonia patients at rest and during the performance of load tests]. AB - Central hemodynamic (CH) parameters were examined in 288 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) and 50 normal subjects, using radiocardiography (RCG), echocardiography (EchoCG) and heart catheterization thermodilution (TD). All the tests were carried out at rest and during bicycle ergometry (BEM), the atrial stimulation test (AST) and the intravenous isadrin test (IT). Patients with severe NCD and basically hyperkinetic hemodynamic type responded to stress with an inadequate rise in the minute volume (MV) and a decline of the stroke index (SI). Thermodilution during the AST demonstrated increased MV, lowered end diastolic left-ventricular pressure and insignificantly reduced SI. TD and EchoCG during stress exposure produced similar results. PMID- 3444218 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing a combined head-down-tilt isometric load]. AB - Hemodynamics and myocardial contractility were examined in 36 male coronary patients and 20 normal subjects at rest, in a 15 degree head-down tilt and during combined antiorthostatic/isometric exercise (AOSIE). Antiorthostatic position was associated with increased stroke and minute volumes, cardiac index in normal subjects, and reduced stroke volume and left ventricular contractility in coronary patients of the 3d-4th functional class. AOSIE produced further increase in left-heart pumping and contractility in normal subjects, and a decrease in stroke and minute volumes, cardiac index and contractility parameters of calibration apex cardiograms in coronary patients of all functional classes. It is concluded that AOSIE can be used for the assessment of left ventricular myocardial function in normal subjects and coronary patients alike. PMID- 3444219 TI - [Use of a psychoemotional test for detecting heart rhythm disorders in patients with various cardiovascular diseases]. AB - Emotional stress was simulated by consecutive exposure to 3 tests in patients with a variety of heart rhythm disorders based on different forms of underlying disease. Arrhythmias were detected in 16.4%, and extrasystoles in 2.6%. The method appears particularly valuable for the diagnosis of arrhythmia in patients with idiopathic heart rhythm disorders and those prone to anxiety and hypochondria. PMID- 3444220 TI - [Function of the hypophyseal-adrenal and thyroid systems during the rehabilitation of men who have had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3444221 TI - [Prognosis of circulatory failure and complex ventricular arrhythmias in the late period after a myocardial infarct]. AB - Two predictive indices for independent prognosis of the risks of circulatory insufficiency, stage IIA and more, and composite ventricular arrhythmias (grades 3-5 in Lown's classification), developing within 2 years after myocardial infarction, have been identified in a sample of 209 post-myocardial infarction males. The incidence of each complication varies between 0 in the lowest risk group with reference to the respective index and 80-90% in the highest risk group. All fatal cases were designated as the highest risk group. PMID- 3444222 TI - [Determination of the pulmonary capillary pressure of patients by echocardiography in the M mode]. PMID- 3444223 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension by impulse Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3444224 TI - [Systolic and diastolic phase structure in myocardial infarct with right ventricular involvement]. PMID- 3444225 TI - [Immunoglobulin content of the blood serum in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 3444226 TI - [Detection of circulating immune complexes by analytical ultracentrifugation of the blood serum in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3444227 TI - [Correlation of the anti-angina effect of nitrosorbide in patients with stenocardia of effort following a single dose and a course of treatment]. PMID- 3444228 TI - [Myocardial infarct in a 6-year-old child with intact coronary arteries]. PMID- 3444229 TI - [Diagnostic and differential diagnostic characteristics of restrictive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3444230 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy using the UZKAR-3 echocardiograph]. PMID- 3444231 TI - [Complications and causes of fatal outcome of acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444232 TI - [Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444233 TI - [Abscesses of the pancreas]. PMID- 3444234 TI - [The role of antioxidant factors in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444235 TI - [Use of cryosurgery in the treatment of chronic painful pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444236 TI - [Clinico-pathoanatomical parallels in malignant tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 3444237 TI - [Inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444238 TI - [Morphological changes in the pancreatic ducts in experimental acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444239 TI - [Acute pancreatitis after operations on the biliary tract]. PMID- 3444240 TI - [Possibilities of roentgenological and endoscopic methods of examination in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444241 TI - [Rheographic studies during the treatment of acute pancreatitis with fluorouracil]. PMID- 3444242 TI - [Puncture biopsy of the pancreas in diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3444243 TI - [Providing additional surgical services to the rural population]. PMID- 3444244 TI - [The role of scientific research work of students in the training of specialists]. PMID- 3444245 TI - [Games in the teaching of surgeons-subinterns about surgical diseases]. PMID- 3444246 TI - [Games as a form of education in problem-solving in surgery]. PMID- 3444248 TI - [Illegal incomes in the area of health care]. PMID- 3444247 TI - [Various aspects of the training of future surgeons in deontology]. PMID- 3444249 TI - [Medical documentation in surgical practice (legal and forensic medicine aspects)]. PMID- 3444250 TI - [Combined closed abdominal trauma with injuries of the liver, pancreas and common bile duct]. PMID- 3444251 TI - [Ectopia of the pancreas]. PMID- 3444252 TI - [Accessory pancreas in the right half of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 3444253 TI - [Crystallographic analysis of the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3444254 TI - [A method of draining the common bile duct through the stump of the cystic duct]. PMID- 3444255 TI - [Principles of the modern treatment of frostbite]. PMID- 3444256 TI - [Liquid-crystal thermal indication as a means of monitoring follow-up of the status of microsurgical autografts of tegmental tissues]. PMID- 3444257 TI - [Dynamic x-ray manifestations of hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy after successful surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3444258 TI - [Pathophysiological changes in the kidneys in ureterolithiasis]. PMID- 3444259 TI - [Effect of surgical interventions on the immunoglobulin level of the cerebrospinal fluid in brain tumor patients]. PMID- 3444260 TI - [Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3444261 TI - [Surgical and combined treatments of malignant thymomas]. PMID- 3444262 TI - [Surgical treatment of dyshormonal gigantomastia]. PMID- 3444263 TI - [Effect of endotracheal and epidural anesthesias on the incidence of acute postoperative erosions and ulcers of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3444264 TI - [Prospects for the clinical use of helium-neon laser radiation in proctology]. PMID- 3444265 TI - [Use of local-action hemostatic agents after tooth extraction in patients with blood coagulation disorders]. PMID- 3444266 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of scoliosis in subjects with completed growth]. PMID- 3444267 TI - [Prevention of the development of complications in the respiratory organs in the surgical treatment of maxillofacial diseases]. PMID- 3444268 TI - [1-stage operations on the kidneys and upper urinary tract in the late stage of obstructive chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 3444269 TI - [Surgical treatment of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 3444270 TI - [Surgical results in different forms of goiter in middle-aged and elderly persons]. PMID- 3444271 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis complicated by atrial fibrillation and chronic circulatory failure]. PMID- 3444272 TI - [Injury to the urogenital organs during nonurological operations]. PMID- 3444273 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries of the peripheral nerves]. PMID- 3444274 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic bursitis]. PMID- 3444275 TI - [2 cases of scrotal gangrene]. PMID- 3444276 TI - [A case of complete transverse rupture of the testicle]. PMID- 3444277 TI - [Emergency strumectomy in complicated goiter]. PMID- 3444278 TI - [Immediate and late results of the surgical treatment of patients with nodular euthyroid goiter]. PMID- 3444279 TI - [Combined cyst of the appendix with an intraligamentous cyst of the uterus]. PMID- 3444280 TI - [Conservative treatment of ingrown nails]. PMID- 3444281 TI - [Treatment of ingrown nails]. PMID- 3444282 TI - [A method of closing tegmental defects of the calvaria]. PMID- 3444283 TI - [Rational incisions of the soft integument of the head]. PMID- 3444284 TI - [A method for the rapid diagnosis of the level of injury to the ulnar nerve]. PMID- 3444285 TI - [Impaired blood flow in the autograft in microsurgical transplantation of composite tissue flaps to the lower extremities]. PMID- 3444286 TI - [Disorders of acid-base balance of the aqueous humor after experimental corneal burn with alkali]. PMID- 3444287 TI - [Effect of experimental cryosurgery of the ciliary body on the healing of the cornea burned by alkali]. PMID- 3444288 TI - [Measurements of the width of the retinal vessels in persons after long-term exposure to fluorine]. PMID- 3444289 TI - [Computer-assisted static perimetry]. PMID- 3444290 TI - ["Block" excision of post-traumatic epithelial cyst with reconstruction of the anterior segment of the eye]. PMID- 3444291 TI - [Anti-glaucoma operation by intrascleral incarceration of the iris. Personal observations]. PMID- 3444292 TI - [Usefulness of polyester implants in the surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3444293 TI - [Simultaneous extraction of bilateral cataract]. PMID- 3444294 TI - [A case of tetanic cataract in a patient with idiopathic parathyroid insufficiency]. PMID- 3444295 TI - [Saturn's ring]. PMID- 3444296 TI - [Current methods of treatment of corneal mycoses]. PMID- 3444297 TI - [Specialization in ophthalmology in the United States]. PMID- 3444298 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage from the respiratory tract in syphilitic aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 3444299 TI - [A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 3444300 TI - [A case of xanthomatosis]. PMID- 3444301 TI - [Mounier-Kuhn syndrome]. PMID- 3444302 TI - [Allergic lung diseases]. PMID- 3444303 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis in poultry farm workers]. PMID- 3444304 TI - [The problem of associated diseases]. PMID- 3444305 TI - [Bronchial asthma and physical exercise]. PMID- 3444306 TI - [Bronchial asthma caused by Staphylococci and Neisseria]. PMID- 3444307 TI - [The role of Neisseria and the effect of antibacterial therapy in exacerbating infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3444308 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the diagnostic fasting test in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3444309 TI - [Clinical value of laboratory diagnosis of toxemia in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3444310 TI - [Immune complexes in patients with bronchial asthma caused by hypersensitivity to food products]. PMID- 3444311 TI - [Differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 3444312 TI - [Clinical aspects and results of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with chronic opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 3444313 TI - [Optimal methods of antibacterial therapy of the exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3444314 TI - [Informative value of various methods of determining smoking in the detection of chronic bronchitis and prebronchitis]. PMID- 3444315 TI - [Tissue oxygen metabolism in chronic cor pulmonale in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3444316 TI - [Status of the erythropoietic activity of the blood in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 3444317 TI - [Examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood plasma of patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3444318 TI - [Risk factors in acute abscesses and gangrene of the lungs]. PMID- 3444319 TI - [Problems of mass screening and active detection of lung cancer at a multiprofile hospital]. PMID- 3444320 TI - [Disorders of immunologic profile and interferon response in lung diseases]. PMID- 3444321 TI - [Microcirculation in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3444322 TI - Effect of aerobic capacity on circulatory responses to static, dynamic, and combination work. PMID- 3444323 TI - Comparison of body density values using residual volume and total lung capacity. PMID- 3444324 TI - New approaches to predict VO2max and endurance from running performances. PMID- 3444325 TI - Exercise compliance of elderly volunteers. PMID- 3444326 TI - A laboratory method for non invasive anaerobic threshold determination. PMID- 3444327 TI - Physical characteristics of elite soccer players. PMID- 3444328 TI - Physical activity and alienation in the work-place. PMID- 3444329 TI - Effect of physical training on exercise tolerance of children following surgical repair of D-transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 3444330 TI - Incremental graded treadmill run to exhaustion as a measure of aerobic power. PMID- 3444331 TI - Classification of subcutaneous skinfold thickness in the middle-aged by cluster analysis, and the relationship between its distribution pattern and serum cholesterols. PMID- 3444332 TI - Effects of skating and diagonal techniques on skiing load and results in cross country skiing. PMID- 3444333 TI - Prediction of alpine ski performance based upon selected anthropometrical and motor dexterity parameters. PMID- 3444334 TI - Fructose 1.6 diphosphate effects on cardiac dynamics during isometric exercise in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3444335 TI - The comparison study of grip strength in male population of Kuwait and Poland. PMID- 3444336 TI - Influences of weight reduction on aerobic power and body composition of middle aged women. PMID- 3444337 TI - An approach to the modeling of the tolerance mechanism in the drug effect. I: The drug effect as a disturbance of regulations. AB - In this paper the disturbing effect of drugs upon regulation in the organism is argued to be an important factor in the total drug effect. It is made plausible that the decrease of the drug effect after prolonged or repeated administration of the drug is caused by the adaptation of the involved regulations to the presence of the drug, the adaptive process being selective for the drug in question. A model based on these assumptions is developed taking into account the specific behaviour of regulated processes. The functioning of the model is investigated by means of computer simulations. The behaviour of the model appears to be well in accordance with the phenomenon of drug tolerance as described in literature. PMID- 3444338 TI - Bistability and irreversible transitions in a simple substrate cycle. AB - The dynamic properties of a simple substrate cycle involving two antagonist enzymes are investigated. One of these enzymes exhibits a non-linearity through inhibition by excess substrate. Depending either on the interconverted substrate pool concentration or the maximal activity of the non-inhibited enzyme, monostability, bistability and irreversible transitions may occur. A reversible bistable cycle is shown to present interesting features for regulatory purposes as it can respond to external (and/or internal) modulations in two different ways: A buffering effect by efficient stabilization of the steady-states, or, an increase in sensitivity by switching the system from one regime to the opposite one. The plausible biochemical and biological implications of irreversible transitions are discussed and emphasized in terms of "metabolic transitions". PMID- 3444339 TI - Theory of electrophoresis of hybridizing enzymes with kinetic control: implications for population genetics of electrophoretic markers. AB - A phenomenological theory of zone electrophoresis has been formulated for reversible, kinetically controlled self-dimerization and hybridization of proteins. The computed electrophoretic patterns simulate many of the observed features of certain Drosophila enzymes. The patterns for rapid self-dimerization show a unimodal reaction zone over a wide range of rates of dissociation of the dimer, the migration velocity increasing with increasing rate of dissociation. Those for slow rates of both dimerization and dissociation are bimodal reaction zones exhibiting a peak composed largely of dimer and one largely of monomer separated by a low plateau. The nature of the pattern for hybridization of two dimerizing variants of a polymorphic protein is strikingly dependent upon the rates of reaction. For rapid association and very slow dissociation the pattern exhibits three zones corresponding to the two homodimers and the heterodimer. Very rapid rates of dissociation give two monomer zones. Intermediate rates of dissociation also give two zones, but here they are uncoupled reaction zones; each corresponds to an interconverting mixture of one of the homodimers and its monomer, the heterodimer having dissociated completely during early stages of electrophoresis. The transition from a three-zone pattern to this two-zone pattern has been examined in detail, and a mechanism is given. Practical implications are considered. PMID- 3444340 TI - Free energy differences between enzyme bound states. AB - A theory is presented that describes the free energy difference between the enzyme-substrate (ES) and enzyme-product (EP) complexes that is expected in enzymes optimized for catalytic efficiency. In such enzymes, the free energy drop between ES and EP complexes reflects a portion of the chemical potential difference between substrates and products outside the active site under physiological conditions. Qualitative and quantitative predictions of the model are discussed and compared with experimental data. The controversy over the kinetically optimal free energy profile for an enzymatic reaction operating under constraints set forward by Albery & Knowles (1976) is resolved. PMID- 3444341 TI - Behavior-dependent contexts for repeated plays of the Prisoner's Dilemma: II. Dynamical aspects of the evolution of cooperation. AB - Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma models are proposed in which, at any trial, the probability of staying in the game depends on the outcome of the previous trial. If a player's choice depends on its own play (cooperate or defect) at the previous trial, it becomes possible for cooperative strategies to increase when rare in a population of egoists. A dynamic analysis is used to demonstrate that stable polymorphisms may result, and may involve more strategies than just Tit for-Tat and all-Defect. The tendency for clustering among like strategists to enhance their initial increase when rare is also explored dynamically. PMID- 3444342 TI - Sex determination: a hypothesis based on steroid ratios. AB - This paper presents a hypothesis for sex determination based on the ratio of androgen to estrogen in the gonad during sexual differentiation. In vertebrates the ratio of these steroids, and therefore, the sex of an individual is controlled by the quantity of the enzyme aromatase. For animals with a ZZ, ZW sex determining mechanism, such as birds, in which the heterogametic sex is female, an inducer for the aromatase gene is postulated to be on the W chromosome. In animals with an XX, XY system in which the heterogametic sex is male, such as mammals, the Y chromosome is postulated to code for a repressor of the aromatase gene. This hypothesis can account for naturally occurring sex reversal such as seen in some fish and amphibians, experimentally induced sex reversal by administration of steroids in birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians, and temperature-dependent sex determination as in reptiles. For invertebrates the same hypothetical model applies though the specific androgenic and estrogenic steroids differ. Both the X-to-autosome ratio method of sex determination typified by fruit flies and the haplodiploid method of bees as well as hormonal control of sexual differentiation in crustaceans are accounted for by this hypothesis. PMID- 3444343 TI - A method for defining steady-state unidirectional fluxes through branched chemical, osmotic and chemiosmotic reactions. AB - A general mathematical technique is described for deriving analytical expressions and obtaining numerical solutions for the steady-state unidirectional fluxes between two chemical states via any set of intermediate states present within any hypothetical system of unbranched or branched and overlapping elementary processes. The technique is a restricted application of the theory of Markov processes with conditional probabilities being assigned to the chemical state transitions constituting the system of reactions. While, in principle, the technique requires the summation of an infinite power series of a matrix defining the conditional probabilities of single state transitions, the power series is evaluated by means of the Taylor series expansion for matrices. As this technique allows isotopic exchange velocity equations to be derived from systems of reactions in which no distinction between the labelled and unlabelled species is required it provides a distinct and independent alternative to previously proposed methods. The technique is illustrated by application to a mechanism for second-order carrier-mediated transport. PMID- 3444344 TI - Body size and metabolic rate: the role of units. PMID- 3444345 TI - A study on the mechanism of acupuncture therapy in the treatment of sequelae of cerebrovascular accident or cerebral injury. PMID- 3444346 TI - Effect of Qigong therapy on plasma 18-OH-DOC level in hypertensives. PMID- 3444347 TI - Extending moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis--a clinical observation of 65 cases. PMID- 3444348 TI - A clinical study of treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis by moxibustion. PMID- 3444349 TI - Acupuncture treatment of 54 cases of sinus bradycardia. PMID- 3444350 TI - The effects of manifest and latent propagated sensation along the channel on the acupuncture regulation of cardiac function. PMID- 3444351 TI - Experience with treatment of warts by acupuncture and its evaluation. PMID- 3444352 TI - Observation of therapeutic effects of acupuncture treatment in 170 cases of infantile diarrhea. PMID- 3444353 TI - A study of the effect of manipulative treatment on 158 cases of cervical syndrome. PMID- 3444354 TI - Observation of curative effects of emergency acupuncture treatment in 172 cases of infantile toxic intestinal paralysis. PMID- 3444355 TI - On preparatory work for the establishment of the World Federation of Acupuncture Moxibustion Societies (WFAS). Interview by J.R. Chen. PMID- 3444356 TI - Teaching round. Cervical spondylosis. PMID- 3444357 TI - Acupuncture treatment of hypotension. PMID- 3444358 TI - Are lymphatics different from blood vessels? International Society of Lymphology symposium. Proceedings. PMID- 3444359 TI - The phylogeny of the fine structure of blood vessels and lymphatics: similarities and differences. AB - As animals increased in size, various modifications had to come into being to carry nutrients and waste around the body. Different phyla solved the various problems differently; sometimes there was convergent evolution. In invertebrates the endothelial cells are often widely separated from each other; permeability is limited by the pericyte layer; the reverse occurs in vertebrates. In primitive chordates small peripheral vessels often consist only of the basement membrane, and even this may be partly missing; the more centrally one looks, the more the endothelial cells become continuous. Fenestrae appeared first in the agnatha, but only become common in the elasmobranchs. Increased size and activity necessitated still larger blood hydrostatic pressure and increased blood colloidal osmotic pressures to balance this. Since the permeability of the vessels could not be reduced, much more protein (and fluid) had to leak to the tissues. So the lymphatic system had to evolve. This is first seen in the torpedoes and fully evolved in the bony fishes. However, the small venous vessels of the elasmobranchs have openable inter-endothelial junctions and other structures very similar to those of the initial lymphatics. Apart from the absence of fenestrae in lymphatics, or when this system is injected with a tracer, it is not always possible to tell them apart with the electron microscope. There are, however, various differences between them which will help to differentiate them. PMID- 3444360 TI - Comparison of fine structure of lymphatics and blood vessels in normal conditions and during embryonic development and regeneration. PMID- 3444361 TI - The regulation of lymphatic pumping. AB - An important functional property of lymphatic vessels is their ability to pump fluid. To quantitate this activity in vivo, sheep mesenteric lymphatic segments were isolated from all lymph input and provided with lymph plasma or saline from a reservoir. Lymphatic pumping was controlled by transmural pressure with increases in pressure resulting in elevated fluid pumping followed by reductions in flow at high intraluminal pressures. With lymph input to the vessels denied, but with blood and nerve supply left intact, the pumping activity could be altered with systemic physiological perturbations including a major blood loss and the intravenous infusion of endotoxin. In each case, it was clear that the modulation of lymphatic pumping resulted from the direct effects of the test procedure on the 'lymph pump' and not from effects on vascular parameters or lymph formation. PMID- 3444362 TI - Comparison of fluid transport systems in lymphatics and veins. AB - In the anesthetized sheep, pressure pulses generated in the feet are transmitted downstream in the veins but not in the lymphatics at normal intralymphatic pressure. When the sheep is tilted on a tilt table, gravitational changes occur in venous pressure but not in the pressure in adjacent lymphatics. These results suggest that in limb lymphatics, unlike limb veins, the column of fluid is incomplete. This makes extrinsic pumping less effective for propelling fluid in lymphatics than in veins. At normal intralymphatic pressures, intrinsic pumping seems to be mainly responsible for lymph propulsion. The incompleteness of the fluid column in lymphatics might also protect these vessels against the hydrostatic problems experienced by veins during gravitational stress. PMID- 3444363 TI - Resistance in the sheep's lymphatic system. AB - Saline was infused in a downstream direction into the afferent lymphatics in the metacarpal region of anesthetized sheep. The changes in inflow pressure were measured over 10 min periods with flow rates ranging from 10-2000 microliters/min. Flow rates in the physiological range generated mean pressures of about 30 mmHg and flows of 1 ml/min generated mean pressures of about 60 mmHg. Resistance was relatively high at flow rates in the range of 10-15 microliters/min but sharply decreased above that and was relatively constant at flows greater than 500 microliters/min. Adding isoprenaline (1 microgram/min) to the infusate reduced spontaneous contractile behavior in the infused system and lowered the resistance at the lower flow rates. It is concluded that the peripheral lymphatic system in the sheep offers substantial resistance to lymph flow and that substantial intralymphatic pressure is needed to return lymph from the periphery especially at higher flow rates. PMID- 3444364 TI - The blood and lymphatic capillaries of lymph nodes in the sheep foetus and their involvement in cell traffic. PMID- 3444365 TI - Dynamic analysis of lymphocyte migration into Peyer's patches of rat small intestine. AB - Dynamic aspects of lymphocyte immigration into Peyer's patches were analyzed in rat small intestine using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Lymphocytes from intestine, lymph, and spleen were labeled with acridine orange in vitro and infused from the mesenteric artery of rats. There are three types of lymphocytes as characterized from their interaction with post-capillary venules of Peyer's patches immediately after infusion, and most of the lymphocytes passed through the microcirculatory bed without any interaction with venules. About 15 to 20 minutes later, the number of lymphocytes which stick to the Peyer's patches was increased and reached a maximum at 40 to 50 minutes. There was a difference in distribution pattern of infused lymphocytes between spleen cells and lymphocytes from intestinal lymph suggesting the complex control mechanism of lymphocyte migration into Peyer's patches. PMID- 3444366 TI - The physiological specification of American English vowels. PMID- 3444367 TI - Functional lateralization of linguistic tones: acoustic evidence from Norwegian. PMID- 3444368 TI - First International Symposium on Ether Lipids in Oncology. Gottingen, December 5 7, 1986. PMID- 3444369 TI - The degradation of platelet-activating factor and related lipids: susceptibility to phospholipases C and D. AB - 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) is an ether linked lipid that exhibits selective cytotoxicity toward several types of tumor cells and is relatively inactive toward normal cells under the same conditions of treatment. The mechanis of this selective cytotoxicity is unknown. We conducted studies to determine whether this compound is metabolized by phospholipases C and D and, if so, whether sensitive and resistant cells differ in their ability to degrade ET-18-OCH3 by these enzymes. We have examined the metabolism of the L isomer of ET-18-OCH3, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (L-ET 18-OCH3), by lysophospholipase D of rat liver microsomes and by a phospholipase D from the marine bacterium Vibrio damsela. The metabolism of L-ET-18-OCH3 was also examined in cell culture using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, human promyelocytic leukemia cells and human myelocytic leukemia cells. In these studies, L-ET-18-OCH3 and related 1-O-alkyl-linked phosphocholine analogs radiolabeled with 3H in the 1-O-alkyl chain were used. L-ET-18-OCH3 was not hydrolyzed by lysophospholipase D from rat liver microsomes under conditions where cleavage of 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was observed. However, phospholipase D from the marine bacterium V. damsela readily hydrolyzed L-ET-18-OCH3 to 1-O-[3H]octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, demonstrating that L-ET-18-OCH3 can be degraded by a phospholipase D. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and lyso-PAF were also substrates for the bacterial phospholipase D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444370 TI - Enzymatic acylation of ether and ester lysophospholipids in rat liver microsomes. AB - The acylation of lysophospholipids by rat liver acyltransferases was studied. A comparison between ester and ether lysophospholipids as substrates revealed large differences in substrate properties. For instance, oleic acid from oleoyl-CoA and arachidonic acid from arachidonoyl-CoA were not incorporated into 1-O-octadecyl sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine under experimental conditions that allowed an optimal transfer of oleic acid and arachidonic acid to 1-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine. However, we observed an acyl-CoA-independent transfer of arachidonic acid from 1-O-stearoyl-2-O-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol to 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. PMID- 3444371 TI - Increased membrane permeability for an antitumoral alkyl lysophospholipid in sensitive tumor cells. AB - We have investigated cellular sensitivity to the antitumoral alkyl lysophospholipid (ALP) 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET 18-OCH3) in vitro. The permeation of this lipid into the cell was not influenced by metabolic inhibitors of ATP biosynthesis. ET-18-OCH3 uptake was not saturable within sublytic concentrations, but could be inhibited in part by cytochalasin B (CB) and dipyridamole. The activation energy of the CB-sensitive uptake process was increased up to threefold compared to CB-insensitive uptake. ET-18-OCH3 influx and equilibrium binding of ET-18-OCH3 were decreased in a fibrosarcoma cell variant (MethA) selected for ET-18-OCH3 resistance. The resistant MethA cells were also less sensitive to cytolysis by lysophosphatidylcholine and other ALP. After 72 hr, the resistant MethA cells had metabolized only 11.8% more of the absorbed ET-18-OCH3 than sensitive MethA cells. However, they tolerated at least a 30-fold concentration of this ALP. The uptake mechanism, which could be inhibited by CB, was less active in resistant MethA cells and several other ALP resistant cell lines. The concentration of CB, required for maximal uptake inhibition, was increased more than four times in the ALP-sensitive tumor cell lines. CB-specific ET-18-OCH3 uptake was also enhanced after virus transformation of 3T3 fibroblasts by SV 40. Dipyridamole retarded the ET-18-OCH3-mediated cell destruction. PMID- 3444372 TI - Accumulation of an alkyl lysophospholipid in tumor cell membranes affects membrane fluidity and tumor cell invasion. AB - Tumor cells grown in the presence of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine (AMG-PC) accumulated this ether lipid in their membranes. Depending on the cell type and the dose of the compound, up to 17% of the total phospholipids of the purified plasma membranes consisted of authentic AMG-PC. Extensive incorporation of the agent resulted in a decrease in plasma membrane fluidity and inhibition of tumor cell invasiveness in embryonic chick heart fragments. The extent of AMG-PC incorporation and fluidity change was not strictly correlated with the degree to which tumor cell invasion was inhibited. PMID- 3444373 TI - A continuous assay for O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase (E.C. 1.14.16.5). AB - The antitumor activity of alkyl lysophospholipids has raised some questions concerning the degradation of O-alkyl bonds in naturally occurring ether lipids. In this report, we describe the first continuous assay for O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO), the only enzyme known to cleave the O-alkyl bond in saturated ether lipids and ether phospholipids. AGMO activity was monitored at 340 nm by coupling the NADH redox reaction to the tetrahydropteridine cofactor of the rat liver microsomal enzyme. Turnover rates as low as 0.6 nmol/min could be measured. Using radiolabeled substrates, the products were identified with a TLC Linear-Analyzer. The only interference with this assay can arise from other reducing agents, e.g. dithiothreitol. The assay was used to develop protocols for the solubilization of AGMO from membrane preparations in the presence of detergents. PMID- 3444374 TI - Substrate specificity of O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase (E.C. 1.14.16.5), solubilized from rat liver microsomes. AB - Synthetic alkyl lysophospholipids (ALP) show antineoplastic activity. In the present discussion, the cytotoxicity of ALP is attributed to their accumulation in tumor cells. Some neoplastic cell species, in contrast to normal cells, cannot metabolize ALP because of a lack of O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) activity. To understand the metabolic fate of ether lipids and ether-linked phospholipids, AGMO substrate specificity studies were undertaken. Thirty-five different natural and synthetic ether lipids and their metabolites (including a thioether) were tested as substrates for AGMO. The study revealed that the potent cytostatic substance, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine is not a substrate for AGMO. Therefore, its selective toxicity to tumor cells cannot be based on the differences in direct detoxification of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine by AGMO in normal and malignant cells. However, 1-O octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol, which can be formed by phospholipase C hydrolysis, is a good substrate for AGMO. PMID- 3444375 TI - A metabolite of an antineoplastic ether phospholipid may inhibit transmembrane signalling via protein kinase C. AB - In our search for the mechanisms by which the drug 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methylglycero-3 phosphocholine (AMG-PC) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, we have detected a metabolite, 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methylglycerol (AMG), in membranes of MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells grown in the presence of the drug. Synthetic AMG inhibited the activation of highly purified human protein kinase C by diacylglycerol in the presence of phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, AMG also inhibited the receptor specific binding of 3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate to human HL-60 promyeloid leukemia cells in a dose-dependent fashion. AMG-PC was not effective or much less so in these assays. We suggest that interaction of the metabolite AMG with protein kinase C may inhibit stimulus-response coupling in tumor cells and may thus potentially contribute to the mechanism by which AMG-PC exerts its anticancer activities. PMID- 3444376 TI - Effect of lipid derivatives on invasion in vitro and on surface glycoproteins of three rodent cell types. AB - The antiinvasive activity on MO4 mouse cells of the following lipid derivatives was tested in vitro: an alkyl-lysophospholipid derivative (ET-18-OCH3), a thioether-phospholipid derivative (BM 41.440), an alkyl-linked lipoidal amine (CP 46,665) and a naturally occurring ester-linked phospholipid (2-LPC). In this test, BM 41.440 had the same antiinvasive potency as ET-18-OCH3, whereas CP 46,665 and 2-LPC had no effect on invasion. Comparison of the antiinvasive effect of ET-18-OCH3 on three types of cells showed the following ranking: 12R1C-RK rat kidney adenovirus type 12 transfected cells greater than MO4 mouse cells greater than LLC-H61 Lewis lung carcinoma cells. This ranking was not reflected in ET-18 OCH3-induced changes of cell surface exposed glycopeptides derived from the three types of cells metabolically labeled with radioactive fucose. The present and previous experiments suggested that changes in invasion caused by lipid derivatives depended upon relative cell surface fucosyl-glycopeptide alterations in both the invasive cells and the normal tissue. PMID- 3444377 TI - Ether lipids inhibit the effects of phorbol diester tumor promoters. AB - Recent studies have shown that the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) stimulates protein kinase C (PKC), whereas the ether-linked phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) inhibits PKC activity in vitro. Therefore, the antitumor effects of ET-18-OCH3 could be due to its inhibition of PKC activity and the effects of tumor promotion. TPA stimulates arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin synthesis, phosphatidylcholine synthesis and the degradation of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase C in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Therefore, we have determined the effects of ET-18-OCH3 on these consequences of TPA stimulation. Preliminary experiments determined that ET-18-OCH3 inhibited PKC partially purified from MDCK cells by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. In addition, ET-18-OCH3 inhibited the TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of a 40,000 dalton protein in intact MDCK cells. These data indicate that ET-18-OCH3 is an effective inhibitor of PKC activity in MDCK cells. In addition, ET-18-OCH3 was found to inhibit arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin synthesis. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis appears to be secondary to inhibition of arachidonic acid release, since ET-18-OCH3 does not inhibit TPA-stimulated synthesis of prostaglandin H synthase or the activity of the enzyme directly (Parker, J., Daniel, L. W., and Waite, M. [1987] J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5385-5393). ET-18-OCH3 also inhibits TPA-stimulated phosphatidylcholine synthesis and phosphatidylcholine degradation by phospholipase C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444378 TI - Metabolism of ether phospholipids and analogs in neoplastic cells. AB - The ether phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OM GPC) is known to be a potent inhibitor of cell growth. Metabolic studies in both Raji and L1210 leukemic cells on OM-GPC, 3H-labeled in the methyl groups of the choline moiety, showed a (diacyl)-phosphatidylcholine as the only labeled metabolite. Since the formation of radiolabeled (diacyl)-phosphatidylcholine showed a direct correlation with cell death, we tested other lipid analogs. One of these compounds, hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC), which was 3H-labeled in the methyl-choline groups, showed a formation of labeled (diacyl)-phosphatidylcholine similar to that found with OM-GPC. Again, there was a direct linear correlation between the formation of the labeled product and cell death. He-PC was found to be a potent cell toxin in in vitro experiments on cell cultures. However, analogs with an elongated phosphor to trimethylammonium distance showed no toxicity towards the cells in in vitro experiments. From the data, we conclude that the ether phospholipids are substrates for a phospholipase C or related enzyme. This substrate property may be responsible for the toxicity of the compounds in neoplastic cells. PMID- 3444379 TI - Antitumor activity of synthetic alkylphospholipids with or without PAF activity. AB - 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OMe) has been reported to possess definite antitumor activity in vivo. Twenty-two alkyl lysophospholipid analogs were chemically synthesized, and their antitumor activity against mouse experimental tumors (Sarcoma 180, MM46, P388) was examined. Among them, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetoacetyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine was found to show antitumor activity similar to ET-18-OMe with less acute toxicity. Intravenous injection of the ET-18-OMe with sn-3 configuration retarded the subcutaneous growth of Sarcoma 180 cells effectively, while the growth inhibition by the sn-1 isomer was much less effective. This stereospecificity was similar to that observed in their activities as platelet-activating factor (PAF) agonists. The acetoacetyl compound, another PAF agonist, showed similar stereospecific antitumor action in vivo. These findings suggest that some alkyl lysophospholipids may activate host cells to a cytostatic stage against tumor cells in vivo through binding to a PAF receptor. Our preliminary results indicated that the responsible cells under these conditions might be primarily immature macrophages present in the bone marrow. No appreciable or even adverse stereospecificity was observed in the different sets of experiments where the activity of ET-18-OMe against MM46 tumor cells in vivo or the direct cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro was examined. Under some conditions, the antitumor activity of ET-18-OMe in vivo may be revealed through direct cytotoxicity and/or modulation of the host defense system by "nonspecific" mechanisms. Some alkylphospholipids without PAF activity may also show antitumor activity through similar "nonspecific" mechanisms. PMID- 3444380 TI - Effect of synthetic phospholipids on platelet aggregation and serotonin release. AB - 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor, PAF) is known to stimulate platelet aggregation and serotonin release in concentrations ranging from 10(-10)-10(-5) M. Since a variety of synthetic PAF analogues are potent antineoplastic agents in vitro and in vivo, it was the aim of this study to examine the PAF-like activity of 15 analogues, including 1-O octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) and a thioether analogue. In platelet-rich plasma from human blood, platelet aggregation and serotonin release were studied to compare the effects of PAF and the analogues. Platelet function was controlled by testing their response to adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, collagen and epinephrine. Our results show that only PAF was able to induce platelet aggregation and serotonin release in concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M, whereas all the tested analogues up to a concentration of 10(-3) M failed to induce these effects. PMID- 3444381 TI - Neoplastic cell inhibition with new ether lipid analogs. AB - Bioactive phospholipid analogs of platelet-activating factor (PAF) represent a new approach to cancer chemotherapy. Various modifications of the basic structure of PAF lead to different ether lipid (EL) analogs. Data from the evaluation of thioalkyl and amidoalkyl glycerophosphocholine and of glycerophosphoinositol EL analogs against different experimental tumors in vitro (HL60 and K562 human leukemia cells, BG1 and BG3 ovarian adenocarcinomas) are presented. Exclusion of trypan blue after short exposure to the drugs determined cytotoxicity, and a soft agarose clonogenic assay measured the ability of the analogs to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. The thioalkyl EL are very active against the cell lines using both end points, and the amidoalkyl EL showed efficacy against the leukemic cell lines, whereas the phosphoinositol EL are active only at high concentrations. Combined use of EL analogs, which are membrane-interactive, with classical DNA interactive chemotherapeutic drugs revealed that the combinations have additive antiproliferative effects. These results are promising leads in the development of the anticancer potential of ether lipid analogs. PMID- 3444382 TI - Cytostatic activity of synthetic O-alkylglycerolipids. AB - A series of halogen-containing alkylglycerolipid analogs has been checked for their cytostatic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The compounds included alkyldeoxyhaloglycerols (I), alkyldeoxyhaloglycerophosphocholines (II), and alkyldeoxyhaloglycerophosphoric acids and alkyl esters (III). While compounds I and III were moderately active, compounds II were found to have a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Cell growth inhibition of 50% or more was found mainly in the late S- or G2-phase of the cell cycle as revealed by flow cytometry. Alkyl lysophospholipid analogs II and cholesterol form liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and low permeability for entrapped substances. Compounds II were active against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice when applied in free form or as liposomes. PMID- 3444383 TI - Cytotoxic effects of ether lipids and derivatives in human nonneoplastic bone marrow cells and leukemic cells in vitro. AB - The effects of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine (2-LPC), the alkyl lysophospholipid derivatives (ALP) 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18 OCH3) and 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-trimethyl-ammonio-hexanol, the 2 acetamide analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF) 1-O-octadecyl-2-acetamide-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, the thioether lysophospholipid derivative (TLP) BM 41.440 and the ether-linked lipoidal amine CP-46,665 on tritiated thymidine uptake and trypan blue dye exclusion were tested in vitro in various freshly explanted cell samples from human nonneoplastic bone marrow and human leukemias. In both assay systems, a dose range of 1-20 micrograms/ml of the compounds was tested after 24, 48 and 72 hr of coincubation with the cells. The trypan blue dye exclusion revealed statistically significant preferential cytotoxicity in leukemic cells for three compounds with the order of quantitative selectiveness: ET-18-OCH3 greater than BM41.440 greater than 2-acetamide analog of PAF. CP 46,665 was the most toxic compound, but did not reveal significant differences between nonneoplastic bone marrow and leukemic cells when added in concentrations greater than 1 microgram/ml. The trimethyl-ammonio-hexanol compound showed only minor activity in the majority of tests, when added at concentrations less than 20 micrograms/ml. 2-LPC was rather ineffective. The tritiated thymidine uptake showed only preferential antiproliferative effects towards leukemic cells of ET 18-OCH3 and, sometimes, within the dose time frame tested of BM 41.440. All compounds tested except 2-LPC and the trimethyl-ammonio-hexanol compound were active also in this assay (inhibition of uptake greater than 50% of the controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444384 TI - Structure-cytotoxicity studies on alkyl lysophospholipids and some analogs in leukemic blasts of human origin in vitro. AB - Eleven lipids have been tested for cytotoxic (trypan blue dye exclusion) activity in cells from eight freshly explanted human leukemias in vitro. 4-Aminomethyl-1 [2,3-(di-N-decyloxy)N-propyl]-4-phenylpiperidine (CP-46,665), 1-mercapto hexadecyl-2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (BM 41.440), the 2 acetamide analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) were found among the most active compounds. 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine (2-LPC) showed the lowest activity. However, in addition there was variation among the results regarding the activity of the 1 octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OH) and its D- and L-forms, but a significantly higher cytotoxic activity of D-ET-18-OH compared with L-ET-18-OH on the basis of 2-LPC as control after an incubation time of 48 hr. We conclude that with the limited number of structures available, this type of study is not sufficient to yield further information about the mode of the accumulation and toxicity of this type of lipids. PMID- 3444385 TI - Antineoplastic activity of the thioether lysophospholipid derivative BM 41.440 in vitro. AB - Thioether lysophospholipid derivatives (TLP) inhibited the in vitro uptake of [3H]thymidine into blasts of eight leukemias and cells of 12 different solid tumors of human origin. This effect correlated with trypan blue dye exclusion, which was used to assess cell damage. Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of TLP were dependent on dosage and incubation time. Destruction of leukemic blasts was completed with greater than 5 micrograms/ml after an incubation of greater than 48 hr, but 10 to 20 micrograms/ml were necessary in solid tumors. Ester-linked 2 lysophosphatidylcholine was ineffective in the same dose range, which points to the requirement of the alkyl moiety in sn-1 and a stable sn-2 substitution of the molecule for the antineoplastic effect. To assess putative antileukemic selectivity, the cytotoxicity (trypan blue dye exclusion) of TLP was compared in human cell samples of 19 non-neoplastic bone marrows and 9 leukemias. Results revealed a significantly higher activity of the TLP BM 41.440 in leukemic blasts. PMID- 3444386 TI - Distribution and metabolism of hexadecylphosphocholine in mice. AB - Distribution and metabolic fate of radiolabeled hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC) has been studied in mice. It is demonstrated that He-PC is well-absorbed from the intestinal tract, intravenous (IV) and oral administration lead to similar distributions throughout the body, the highest accumulation of radioactivity occurs in liver, lung and kidney, and the metabolic products are radioactive choline, phosphocholine and 1,2-diacylphosphatidylcholine. The occurrence of these metabolites indicates that phospholipases C and D may be involved in He-PC breakdown. PMID- 3444387 TI - Therapeutic activity of ET-18-OCH3 and hexadecylphosphocholine against mammary tumors in BD-VI rats. AB - The present therapy experiments with two different transplantable mammary tumors were performed to compare the therapeutic efficacy in BD-VI rats of 1-O-octadecyl 2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) and hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC). Both compounds were administered orally, subcutaneously or intracutaneously at equimolar doses ranging from 4.8 to 88 mumol/kg/day five times per week for two weeks. Under the experimental conditions, both transplanted mammary carcinomas were moderately sensitive to the therapy with either HPC or ET-18-OCH3. Comparing both tumors, TMA2 was more sensitive than TMA1. The activity and toxicity of both compounds were dose-related in both tumor lines. Females seemed to be less sensitive with respect to antineoplastic activity and toxicity. Like ET-18-OCH3, HPC was active also at low, probably noncytotoxic doses associated with no detectable toxicity according to body weight development. This suggests that there are at least two different mechanisms of action that lead to tumor growth inhibition. PMID- 3444388 TI - Alkyl phosphocholines: toxicity and anticancer properties. AB - The study reports on the investigation of acute and subacute toxicity and on antineoplastic activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC), the first compound of a new class of antineoplastic chemotherapeutics. In rats, the LD50 of HPC was 606 mumol/kg; the maximum tolerable dose over four weeks was 39 mumol/kg. Symptoms of toxicity were enteritis, spider cell activation in the liver, hemosiderosis in the spleen and reversible transaminase increase. The best therapeutic effect was observed on methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Two transplantable mammary carcinomas in the rat and autochthonous benzo(a)pyrene induced sarcomas exhibited low-grade sensitivity to HPC. The MXT mammary carcinoma of the mouse, the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma of the rat, and autochthonous acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced colonic tumors of the rat were not chemosensitive to HPC. PMID- 3444389 TI - Antineoplastic activity of conjugates of lipids and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - Five different lipid conjugates of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C) were tested in comparison with ARA-C, the ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 (1-O-octadecyl-2-O methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and their equimolar mixtures. The compounds were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity in the trypan blue dye exclusion test with cells from six different leukemias, one glioblastoma and two bronchogenic carcinomas of human origin. The compounds were given in vivo to assess their therapeutic activity against 3-Lewis lung carcinoma (3-LL) of syngeneic C57Bl6 mice. Although some of the conjugates have shown cytotoxic activity in vitro against the cell samples tested, they have not revealed higher cytotoxicity than ET-18-OCH3, ARA-C or their equimolar mixtures. In these experiments, ARA-CDP-D,L MBA was the conjugates significantly inhibited tumor growth and also increased survival of C57Bl6 mice with intraperitoneally (ip) implanted 3-LL. In these experiments, ARA-CDP-D,L-PTBA, ARA-CDP-D,L-PBA, ARA-CDP-L-dipalmitin and ARA-CDP D,L-PCA were more active than either the parent compounds ARA-C and ET-18-OCH3 alone or their equimolar mixtures. Furthermore, when the conjugates were injected as adjuvant chemotherapy shortly after the surgical removal of the primary 3-LL, they inhibited the metastasis of 3-LL to the lungs of the animals, demonstrated by an increase of the survival time and the number of surviving animals. The mode of action of these new antineoplastic compounds still is speculative. PMID- 3444390 TI - Synthesis of thioether phosphocholine analogues. AB - The synthesis of thioether phospholipids, which represent a new class of antitumor agents, is reported here. In particular, the route of synthesis of 3 hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxymethylpropyl-2'-trimethylammoni o-ethyl phosphate (BM 41.440, Ilmofosine), one of the most potent cytostatic/cytotoxic derivatives, is described in detail. Starting with diethyl bis-hydroxymethylmalonate, ethyl 2 phenyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate is formed via diethyl 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-5,5 dicarboxylate and 5-ethoxycar-bonyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid. Reduction of ethyl 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate with LiAlH4 affords 5 hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane. Alkylation with dimethyl sulfate gives 5 methoxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane. The ring structure then is opened by N bromosuccinimide, resulting in the formation of 3-bromo-2-methoxymethylproply benzoate. Reaction of 3-bromo-2-methoxymethylpropyl benzoate with the sodium salt of hexadecanethiol leads to 3-hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxy-methylpropanol, which is reacted with a cyclic chlorophosphate to give the corresponding phosphorylated 3-hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxymethylpropanol. Treatment with trimethylamine yields BM 41.440. This compound already has been tested in clinical phase I/II trials in West Germany. PMID- 3444391 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the thioether phospholipid analogue BM 41.440 in rats. AB - BM 41.440 (1-hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a cytotoxic thioether phospholipid analogue that recently has entered phase I trials in cancer patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in female rats after administration of a single oral dose (15 mg/kg body weight [bw] ). Furthermore, BM 41.440 serum concentrations were determined under a daily oral treatment of up to 13 weeks. Blood samples were obtained via permanent catheters from the femoral arteries before and after drug administration for a total of 120 hr. Urine was collected in 24 hr-intervals for 120 hr; the volume was measured, and aliquots were stored at -20 C until analytical determination of the thioether derivative. BM 41.440 was assayed in serum and urine by means of a specific, newly developed reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography technique. Mean maximum serum concentrations (1.7 micrograms/ml, n = 4 animals) were attained after seven hr. A terminal half-life of ca. 27 hr was calculated from the rate constant for the terminal elimination phase (lambda z approximately 0.026/hr). The mean serum BM 41.440 concentration-time-area-under-the-curve was 52.9 mg X hr/l. The ratio of total body clearance to absorption fraction was 4.7 ml/min X kg bw. Only a small amount of the drug was found in the urine. The quantity excreted in the urine during a 24 hr-interval never exceeded 1.5% of the administered dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444392 TI - Cytotoxic activity of the thioether phospholipid analogue BM 41.440 in primary human tumor cultures. AB - The inhibitory effect of the new thioether alkyl lysophospholipid analogue 1 hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxy-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (BM 41.440, Ilmofosine) on colony formation of different spontaneous human tumors was studied in vitro using a methyl cellulose monolayer assay. The most sensitive tumors were lung (small cell, squamous cell and adenocarcinomas), gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers and hyernephromas. On the basis of the current definition of sensitivity by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, i.e. more than 70% inhibition of colony formation at an arbitrary concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, 34 out of 64 malignancies tested were susceptible to BM 41.440. PMID- 3444393 TI - In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of alkyl lysophospholipid ET-18-OCH3 and thioether lipid BM 41.440. AB - Screening for cytotoxicity in the clonogenic assay in human tumor xenografts and L1210 mouse leukemia revealed comparable dose-dependent effects of the alkyl lysophospholipid ET-18-OCH3 and the thioether lipid BM 41.440. The efficacy in human tumors only was marginal at low doses. In vivo tests of both agents were carried out in nude mice bearing two of the tumors that proved most sensitive in vitro and in mice inoculated with L1210 leukemia. Only small effects on the growth of the human tumors and no effects on L1210 leukemia were observed. In view of clinical rules for definition of remission, no convincing antitumor effects were obtained. PMID- 3444394 TI - A comparison of the small ribosomal RNA genes from the mitochondrial DNA of the great apes and humans: sequence, structure, evolution, and phylogenetic implications. AB - Restriction endonuclease fragments produced by EcoRI/AvaI or KpnI digestion and containing the small (12S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of the common chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan were inserted into the plasmids pBR322 or pADD1. After species verification the inserted fragments were digested with SauIIIA, subcloned into M13mp7 vectors, and sequenced. The small rRNA gene sequences were compared with each other and with the published human sequence (Anderson et al. 1981). Substitutions were detected at 118 of the 955 nucleotide positions compared. Pairwise, the sequence differences ranged from 1% (between the chimpanzee species) to 9% (comparisons involving the orangutan); the proportion that were transitions ranged from 87% to 100%. Deletions and/or additions were noted at seven locations. With respect to evolutionary sequence lability, kinetic analysis indicated the presence of at least two classes of nucleotide positions; the more labile class occurs in sequences thought to form self-complementary duplexes (stems) in the mature rRNA. The high frequency of compensating substitutions, which maintain base-pairing within these sequences, corroborates their inferred structure. Phylogenetic inferences drawn from the sequence comparisons support the notion of an approximately equidistant relationship among chimpanzees, gorilla, and man, with the orangutan much less closely related. However, inference from a shared deletion suggests that the gorilla and the chimpanzees may be more closely related to one another than they are to man. PMID- 3444395 TI - The heterochromatin of grasshoppers from the Caledia captiva species complex. I. Sequence evolution and conservation in a highly repeated DNA family. AB - The restriction enzyme TaqI digests 0.2% of the genomic DNA from the grasshopper Caledia captiva to a family of sequences 168 bp in length (length of consensus sequence). The sequence variation of this "Taq family" of repeat units was examined among four races from C. captiva to assay the pattern of evolution within this highly repeated DNA. The Taq-family repeats are located in C-banded heterochromatin on at least one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes; the locations range from centromeric to telomeric. Thirty-nine cloned repeats isolated from two population 1A individuals along with 11 clones from seven populations taken from three of the races demonstrated sequence variation at 72 positions. Pairwise comparisons of the cloned repeats, both within an individual and between different races, indicate that levels of intraspecific divergence, as measured by reproductive incompatibility, do not correlate with sequence divergence among the 168-bp repeats. A number of subsequences within the repeat remain unchanged among all 50 clones; the longest of these is 18 bp. That the same 18-bp subsequence is present in all clones examined is a finding that departs significantly (P less than 0.01) from what would be expected to occur at random. Two other cloned repeats, from a reproductively isolated race of C. captiva, have sequences that show 56% identity with this 18-bp conserved region. An analysis showed that the frequency of occurrence of an RsaI recognition site within the 168-bp repeat in the entire Taq family agreed with that found in the cloned sequences. These data, along with a partial sequence for the entire Taq family obtained by sequencing uncloned repeats, suggest that the consensus sequence from the cloned copies is representative of this highly repeated family and is not a biased sample resulting from the cloning procedure. The 18-bp conserved sequence is part of a 42-bp sequence that possesses dyad symmetry typical of protein-binding sites. We speculate that this may be significant in the evolution of the Taq family of sequences. PMID- 3444396 TI - Polymorphism and evolution of influenza A virus genes. AB - The nucleotide sequences of four genes of the influenza A virus (nonstructural protein, matrix protein, and a few subtypes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) are compiled for a large number of strains isolated from various locations and years, and the evolutionary relationship of the sequences is investigated. It is shown that all of these genes or subtypes are highly polymorphic and that the polymorphic sequences (alleles) are subject to rapid turnover in the population, their average age being much less than that of higher organisms. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that most polymorphic sequences within a subtype or a gene appeared during the last 80 years and that the divergence among the subtypes of hemagglutinin genes might have occurred during the last 300 years. The high degree of polymorphism in this RNA virus is caused by an extremely high rate of mutation, estimated to be 0.01/nucleotide site/year. Despite the high rate of mutation, most influenza virus genes are apparently subject to purifying selection, and the rate of nucleotide substitution is substantially lower than the mutation rate. There is considerable variation in the substitution rate among different genes, and the rate seems to be lower in nonhuman viral strains than in human strains. The difference might be responsible for the so-called freezing effect in some viral strains. PMID- 3444397 TI - An analysis of replacement and synonymous changes in the rodent L1 repeat family. AB - L1 is a family of long interspersed repetitive sequences in mammals that includes the BamHI family in rodents and the KpnI family in primates. Previous studies have shown that L1 repeats contain a long open reading frame and that the family evolves in concert. Working with 32 rodent elements for which DNA sequence is available, we used the distribution of replacement and synonymous changes to determine which L1 lineages had been expressing their reading frame. The evidence obtained is consistent with there having been a small number of L1 genes that have been expressing a functional protein. Much of the concerted evolution in L1 is accounted for by the tendency of these functioning L1 genes to continually create nonfunctional pseudogenes by reinsertion into the genome of sequences derived from their transcripts. The gain of new pseudogenes is balanced by the loss of old pseudogenes with a half-life of 2 Myr. Therefore, most of the observed L1 repeats are at a dead end with respect to either the expression of the L1 protein or the potential to elaborate further copies of themselves. However, the turnover of L1 pseudogenes is sufficient to constitute a vast flux of sequences into and then out of the flanking regions of all cellular genes. If the presence of flanking L1 pseudogenes affects the expression of other genes in even a subtle fashion, this process should represent a major source of genetic variation. A second level of concerted evolution occurs within the functional L1 sequences in a pattern that did not meet our expectations for selfish DNA. Also, in spite of the marked suppression of replacement relative to synonymous changes in functioning L1 genes, they evolve at an overall rate accelerated to the level of their own pseudogenes. PMID- 3444398 TI - Relative contributions of germline gene variation and somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity in the mouse. AB - The relative contributions of germline gene variation and somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity were studied by comparing germline gene sequences with their rearranged counterparts for the mouse VH, V kappa, and V lambda genes. The mutation rate at the amino acid level was estimated to be 7.0% in the first and second complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and 2.0% in the framework regions (FRs). The difference in the mutation rate at the nucleotide level between the CDRs and FRs was of the same order of magnitude as that for the amino acid level. Analysis of amino acid diversity or nucleotide diversity indicated that the contribution of somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity is approximately 5%. However, the contribution of somatic mutation to the number of different amino acid sequences of immunoglobulins is much larger than that estimated by the analysis of amino acid diversity, and more than 90% of the different immunoglobulins seem to be generated by somatic mutation. Examination of the pattern of nucleotide substitution has suggested that clonal selection after somatic mutation may not be as strong as generally believed. PMID- 3444399 TI - Long interspersed L1 repeats in rabbit DNA are homologous to L1 repeats of rodents and primates in an open-reading-frame region. AB - Determination of the DNA sequence of a cluster of repetitive elements located 3' to the rabbit beta-1 globin gene shows that previously identified B, E, and D repeats are linked to form a long repeat. The B and E regions are homologous to the L1 long interspersed repeats of primates and rodents. Thus L1 repeats are widely dispersed in several different mammalian orders. The sequence similarity among L1 repeats from three species is limited to a long segment that contains extensive open reading frames. This conserved region is followed by a highly divergent segment that corresponds to a 3' untranslated region. The conservation of sequences in the open-reading-frame region coupled with the divergence of the untranslated region supports the hypothesis that the L1 repeats are derived from transcripts of a functional gene that encodes a protein. PMID- 3444400 TI - Temporal scaling of molecular evolution in primates and other mammals. AB - Molecular clocks are routinely tested for linearity using a relative rate test and routinely calibrated against the geological time scale using a single or average paleontologically determined time of divergence between living taxa. The relative rate test is a test of parallel rate equality, not a test of rate constancy. Temporal scaling provides a test of rates, where scaling coefficients of 1.0 (isochrony) represent stochastic rate constancy. The fossil record of primates and other mammals is now known in sufficient detail to provide several independent divergence times for major taxonomic groups. Molecular difference should scale negatively or isochronically (scaling coefficients less than 1.0) with divergence time: where two or more divergence times are available, molecular difference appears to scale positively (scaling coefficient greater than 1.0). A minimum of four divergence times are required for adequate statistical power in testing the linear model: scaling is significantly nonlinear and positive in six of 11 published investigations meeting this criterion. All groups studied show some slowdown in rates of molecular change over Cenozoic time. The break from constant or increasing rates during the Mesozoic to decreasing rates during the Cenozoic appears to coincide with extraordinary diversification of placental mammals at the beginning of this era. High rates of selectively neutral molecular change may be concentrated in such discrete events of evolutionary diversification. PMID- 3444401 TI - Assignment of orthologous relationships among mammalian alpha-globin genes by examining flanking regions reveals a rapid rate of evolution. AB - In order to study the relationships among mammalian alpha-globin genes, we have determined the sequence of the 3' flanking region of the human alpha 1 globin gene and have made pairwise comparisons between sequenced alpha-globin genes. The flanking regions were examined in detail because sequence matches in these regions could be interpreted with the least complication from the gene duplications and conversions that have occurred frequently in mammalian alpha like globin gene clusters. We found good matches between the flanking regions of human alpha 1 and rabbit alpha 1, human psi alpha 1 and goat I alpha, human alpha 2 and goat II alpha, and horse alpha 1 and goat II alpha. These matches were used to align the alpha-globin genes in gene clusters from different mammals. This alignment shows that genes at equivalent positions in the gene clusters of different mammals can be functional or nonfunctional, depending on whether they corrected against a functional alpha-globin gene in recent evolutionary history. The number of alpha-globin genes (including pseudogenes) appears to differ among species, although highly divergent pseudogenes may not have been detected in all species examined. Although matching sequences could be found in interspecies comparisons of the flanking regions of alpha-globin genes, these matches are not as extensive as those found in the flanking regions of mammalian beta-like globin genes. This observation suggests that the noncoding sequences in the mammalian alpha-globin gene clusters are evolving at a faster rate than those in the beta like globin gene clusters. The proposed faster rate of evolution fits with the poor conservation of the genetic linkage map around alpha-globin gene clusters when compared to that of the beta-like globin gene clusters. Analysis of the 3' flanking regions of alpha-globin genes has revealed a conserved sequence approximately 100-150 bp 3' to the polyadenylation site; this sequence may be involved in the expression or regulation of alpha-globin genes. PMID- 3444402 TI - Molecular evolution of pancreatic-type ribonucleases. AB - Amino acid sequences of 39 mammalian ribonucleases have been used to construct trees by the maximum parsimony procedure. These trees are in fairly good agreement with the biological classification of the species involved. In the branching order of the six investigated eutherian mammalian orders, the edentates diverge first, followed, probably, by the primates. No definite conclusions can be drawn about the order of divergence of the perissodactyls, the rodents, and the group consisting of artiodactyls plus cetaceans. Nucleic acid sequences of part of the messenger RNAs of rat pancreatic and bovine seminal ribonuclease were compared. Both messengers have a second stop codon at position 129, which is in agreement with the addition of four residues at the C-terminus in several other ribonucleases. Turtle pancreatic ribonuclease and human angiogenin differ from each other and from the mammalian ribonucleases at 55%-70% of the amino acid positions; they share a number of structural features. Mammalian nonsecretory ribonucleases are homologous to the pancreatic ribonucleases in sequence regions where the active-site histidine residues are located. PMID- 3444403 TI - Protein sequence evidence for monophyly of the carnivore families Procyonidae and Mustelidae. AB - The amino acid sequence of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin A of the ring tailed cat, Bassariscus astutus, has been determined. The sequence of the Bassariscus alpha A chain, which is 173 residues long, was compared with the previously determined set of 41 mammalian alpha A sequences. Among the investigated carnivores (dog, cat, sloth bear, American mink, gray seal, and California sea lion) the Bassariscus alpha A sequence exclusively shares two amino acid replacements with the alpha A chain of the mink, Mustela vison: 7 His- --Gln and 61 Ile----Val. The Mustela and Bassariscus alpha A sequences differ at only three positions and have no replacements in common with any of the other investigated carnivore alpha A chains. Furthermore, the replacement 7 His----Gln has only been found in three-toed sloth, whereas 61 Ile----Val occurs scattered in three other taxa: pig, rhinoceros, and prosimians. It thus is most parsimonious to join Bassariscus and Mustela--and consequently their respective families, Procyonidae and Mustelidae--as sister groups in the phylogenetic tree of mammalian alpha A sequences. PMID- 3444404 TI - On the delta Q-test of Templeton. PMID- 3444405 TI - Phylogeny and DNA-DNA hybridization. PMID- 3444406 TI - Further comments on the statistical analysis of DNA-DNA hybridization data. PMID- 3444407 TI - Sequence of a cDNA for mouse thymidylate synthase reveals striking similarity with the prokaryotic enzyme. AB - We report the nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, pMTS-3, that contains a 1-kb insert corresponding to mouse thymidylate synthase (E.C. 2.1.1.45). The open reading frame of 921 nucleotides from the first AUG to the termination codon specifies a protein with a molecular mass of 34,962 daltons. The predicted amino acid sequence is 90% identical with that of the human enzyme. The mouse sequence also has an extremely high degree of similarity (as much as 55% identity) with prokaryotic thymidylate synthase sequences, indicating that thymidylate synthase is among the most highly conserved proteins studied to date. The similarity is especially pronounced (as much as 80% identity) in the 44-amino-acid region encompassing the binding site for deoxyuridylic acid. The cDNA sequence also suggests that mouse thymidylate synthase mRNA lacks a 3' untranslated region, since the termination codon, UAA, is followed immediately by a poly(A) segment. PMID- 3444408 TI - Neighboring base effects on substitution rates in pseudogenes. AB - Substitution rates in pseudogenes can be used to estimate the frequencies of different types of mutation on the assumption that pseudogenes are not subject to selective constraints. These rates are used here to investigate the effect of neighboring bases on mutation rates. There is a marked increase in the frequency of transitions, though not of transversions, from the doublet CG. There are also some smaller effects of neighboring bases on the frequencies of transitions from adenine and thymine. The results are used to predict dinucleotide frequencies in a stretch of DNA subject to no selective constraints and to investigate the possibility of non-randomness in the usage of stop codons. PMID- 3444409 TI - Molecular evolution of mammalian lactate dehydrogenase-A genes and pseudogenes: association of a mouse processed pseudogene with a B1 repetitive sequence. AB - A mouse genomic clone containing a lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) processed pseudogene and a B1 repetitive element was isolated, and a nucleotide sequence of approximately 3 kb was determined. The pseudogene and B1 element are flanked by perfect 13-bp repeats, and the B1 sequence starts at 14 nucleotides 3' to the presumptive polyadenylation signal of the pseudogene. The nucleotide sequences of the LDH-A genes and processed pseudogenes from mouse, rat, and human were compared, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The rate and pattern of nucleotide substitutions in the LDH-A pseudogenes are similar to previously reported results (Li et al. 1984). The average rate of nucleotide substitutions in the LDH-A pseudogenes is 4.3 X 10(-9)/site/year. The substitutions of C----T and G----A are most frequent, and A----G substitutions are relatively high. The rate of synonymous substitutions in the LDH-A genes is 5.3 X 10(-9), which is not significantly higher than the average rate of 4.7 X 10(-9) for 35 mammalian genes. The rate of nonsynonymous substitutions in the LDH-A genes is 0.20 X 10( 9), which is considerably lower than the average rate of 0.88 X 10(-9) for 35 mammalian genes. Thus, the mammalian LDH-A gene appears to be highly conserved in evolution. PMID- 3444410 TI - Differences in specificity and catalytic efficiency between allozymes of esterase 4 from Drosophila mojavensis. AB - A more than 10-fold difference in the specificity and catalytic efficiency for 1 naphthyl esters was measured between two allozymes of esterase-4 from Drosophila mojavensis. This difference is mainly caused by a difference in the affinity for the 1-naphthyl esters. The amino acid compositions of the allozymes are not significantly different, which means that the difference in primary structure is small. Small differences in primary structure generally do not result in such a large increase in catalytic efficiency and such a large shift in substrate specificity as was found in the present study. PMID- 3444411 TI - Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. AB - Two simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions are presented. Although they give no weights to different types of codon substitutions, these methods give essentially the same results as those obtained by Miyata and Yasunaga's and by Li et al.'s methods. Computer simulation indicates that estimates of synonymous substitutions obtained by the two methods are quite accurate unless the number of nucleotide substitutions per site is very large. It is shown that all available methods tend to give an underestimate of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions when the number is large. PMID- 3444412 TI - Paenungulata: a comparison of the hemoglobin sequences from elephant, hyrax, and manatee. AB - Inspection of the amino acid differences among hemoglobin sequences of a wide range of mammalian species suggested that at alpha 19, alpha 110, alpha 111, beta 23, beta 44, and beta 56, synapomorphies group manatee (Trichechus inungius, Sirenia), Indian and African elephant (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana, Proboscidea), and rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica, Hyracoidea) into a monophyletic clade. Results obtained by parsimony analysis provide evidence for this grouping--and thus support for the genealogical validity of Simpson's superorder Paenungulata, which contains as the extant orders Proboscidea, Sirenia, and Hyracoidea. All of the 39 most, or nearly most, parsimonious of 10,395 trees constructed from a tandemly combined alpha- and beta-hemoglobin sequence for 103 vertebrate species (of which 79 were mammals from 16 extant orders), depicted Paenungulata as one of the most anciently separated branches of Eutheria. It was found on examining thousands of alternative trees that to not group Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Sirenia in a monophyletic clade required at least four additional substitutions. PMID- 3444413 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the lemur beta-globin gene family: evidence for major rate fluctuations in globin polypeptide evolution. AB - Lemur beta-related globin genes have been isolated and sequenced. Orthology of prosimian and human epsilon-, gamma-, and beta-related globin genes was established by dot-matrix analysis. All of these lemur globin genes potentially encode functional beta-related globin polypeptides, though precisely when the gamma-globin gene is expressed remains unknown. The organization of the 18-kb brown lemur beta-globin gene cluster (5' epsilon-gamma-[psi eta-delta]-beta 3') is consistent with its evolution by contraction via unequal crossing-over from the putative ancestral mammalian beta-globin gene cluster (5' epsilon-gamma-eta delta-beta 3'). The dwarf lemur nonadult globin genes are arranged as in the brown lemur. Similar levels of synonymous (silent) nucleotide substitutions and noncoding DNA sequence differences have accumulated between species in all of these genes, suggesting a uniform rate of noncoding DNA divergence throughout primate beta-globin gene clusters. These differences are comparable with those observed in the nonfunctional psi eta pseudogene and have therefore accumulated at the presumably maximal neutral rate. In contrast, nonsynonymous (replacement) nucleotide substitutions show a significant heterogeneity in distribution for both the same gene in different lineages and different genes in the same lineage. These major fluctuations in replacement but not silent substitution rates cannot be attributed to changes in mutation rate, suggesting that changes in the rate of globin polypeptide evolution in primates is not governed solely by variable mutation rates. PMID- 3444414 TI - DNA evolutionary rates in nine-primaried passerine birds. AB - Differences in single-copy nuclear-DNA sequences among 13 species of passerine birds were measured using DNA-DNA hybridization. A matrix of pairwise dissimilarity values (delta mode distances) was constructed from analysis of fitted thermal dissociation curves. A least-squares method of phylogenetic estimation was used to construct two topologies from the distance matrix, one constraining branch lengths of sister taxa to be equal and the other permitting such lengths to vary. These topologies were identical in the pattern of branching of taxa, and the difference in their sums of squares was not statistically significant, suggesting that rates of DNA evolution in sister groups of nine primaried oscines are equal. A nonparametric test for nonrandom variation in distances of sister groups to outgroup taxa revealed no statistically significant deviation from random variation that would be expected as a result of measurement error. However, the level of measurement error was such that rates of DNA evolution in sister taxa could vary by as much as 10% without being detected with the statistical methods used here. PMID- 3444415 TI - Variation among mouse ribosomal RNA genes within and between chromosomes. AB - We compared nucleotide sequences of the transcription-initiation region of five mouse ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clones. Two clones were isolated from Japanese wild mice, Mus musculus molossinus, and the other three from BALB/c mice originating in M. m. domesticus. Two BALB/c clones that are derived from the same chromosome are very similar, suggesting the occurrence of intrachromosomal homogenization of rDNA repeats. However, the other clone of BALB/c was approximately as different from the former two clones as from the rDNA clones of M. m. molossinus. These results suggest that, compared with intrachromosomal homogenization, homogenization among rDNA repeats on nonhomologous chromosomes occurs relatively infrequently after the mouse subspecies separation. PMID- 3444416 TI - Further statistical considerations for amino acid replacement data in protein sequences. PMID- 3444417 TI - [Morphological picture of the spinal ganglia in guinea pigs exposed to general vibration]. AB - In the spinal ganglia of guinea pigs exposed to general vibration of 40 Hz frequency and 1 mm amplitude for 3 hrs daily, gradually increasing morphological lesions were found after 7, 14, 30 and 90 days of the experiment. The animals exposed to vibration for up to 30 days exhibited a decrease in the cell nuclei volume, increase in the occurrence of eccentric and marginal cell nuclei and nucleoli, as well as an increase in the number of multiple nucleoli. After 90 days' exposure, such severe lesions as tigrolise, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm, granular disintegration of the myelin sheaths or proliferation of glial cells were found. PMID- 3444418 TI - [Effect of gamma radiation on the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level of erythrocytes of healthy persons after submaximal physical exertion]. AB - The authors studied the effects of gamma radiation and submaximal physical exercise on 2,3-DFG content in healthy men erythrocytes. Twelve men aged 20-22 were examined. They were loaded by physical exercise (at doses of 2 M/kg body weight) for 15 minutes. Erythrocytes were exposed to gamma radiation (500 Gy doses) from a 60Co source. The concentration of 2,3-DFG in erythrocytes was estimated by Bartlett's method. Gamma radiation at 500 Gy dose was found to decrease 2,3-DFG content in erythrocytes both at rest and after submaximal exercise. Furthermore, submaximal physical exercise was found to decrease 2,3-DFG content in non-irradiated erythrocytes. PMID- 3444419 TI - [Evaluation of somatic development and physical fitness of adolescents from a large-city environment attending the Secondary School of Mechanical Engineering and the Grammal School in Lodz II]. AB - A long-term study on the somatic development was carried out. The subjects were: students from the Secondary School of Mechanical Engineering (SSME) and Grammar School (GS). The subjects from each school were divided into two sub-groups: those undergoing training in a sporting club (sport group-SG) and those who do not practise any sport in an organized way (non-sport group-NSG). Throughout the period of studies such somatic parameters as height, body weight, physical fitness and strength of hand flexors were assessed. The energy cost of work was tested during the practice. The studies demonstrated better physical constitution and fitness in the SSME group as compared to GS group. Within similar studies in sub-groups, the parameters tested in SG-group were higher as compared to those in the NSG-group. PMID- 3444420 TI - [Effect of peripheral thermoregulation on the results of various studies used in the diagnosis of the vibration syndrome]. AB - The paper constitutes some attempt of evaluating the relationships between individual peripheral thermoregulation and results of tests routinely applied for diagnosing the vibration syndrome (cooling test, thermometry, palesthesiometry, capillaroscopy, isotopic capillary flow, thermography at rest). In a group of 126 clinically observed subjects with the suspected vibration syndrome, 3 subgroups of different peripheral thermoregulation have been singled out. Forty-seven subjects were classified as homoiothermics, thirty-one subjects as poikilothermics and forty-eight as-amphithermics. Statistically significantly more frequent were disturbances in the tests in poikilo- and amphithermics, as compared to homoiothermics. Analysis of particular tests demonstrated disturbed thermometry mostly in poikilothermics. The authors surmise that the less advantageous variant of individual peripheral thermoregulation (i.e. poikilo- and amphithermic) may promote a more rapid occurrence and development of the vascular form of the vibration syndrome. PMID- 3444421 TI - [A chromatographic method of determining the levels of organic solvents in the air, the components of the offset lacquer LO-2]. AB - A gas chromatographic method was worked out to determine the mixture of ethyl acetate, toluene, buthyl acetate, p,m-xylene, o-xylene and ethyl ethylene glycol vapours. These solvents are used as some components of offset lacquer LO-2. Optimum separation conditions were achieved on 3-metre SS column filled with 10% FFAP on Chormosorb W AW DMCS 80-100 mesh. Air samples were collected on activated charcoal placed in glass tubes. The components tested were desorbed from the sorbent material by 10% acetone solution in CS2. The method enables to determine the concentrations of each compound, corresponding to one fifth of their TLVs. PMID- 3444422 TI - [Evaluation of manganese exposure of workers engaged in the production of manganese ferroalloys]. AB - Manganese concentrations were determined in the ferromanganese plant. In 300 stationary and individual samples manganese was determined by pulse polarography (sensitivity-0.007 mg/m3, precision-10%). The present manganese concentrations are lower than those from earlier studies. Over 50% workers are exposed to manganese concentrations slightly exceeding threshold limit values (TLVs) (0.09 0.43 mg/m3). The other workers are exposed to concentrations several times higher than the TLVs (0.82-1.91 mg/m3). At some workplaces lead concentrations were also determined. TLVs for lead were not surpassed. In result of the use of anodic mass in arc furnaces, the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is thought possible. Recommendations related to monitoring and selection of workplaces with the same exposures for medical estimation were given. Possible risks for people living near the plant were pointed out. PMID- 3444423 TI - [Evaluation of the possibility of determining the maximum permissible intensity values for electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 0.1-10 MHz in accordance with the standards established by the COMECON Project 01.873.08.84]. AB - A comparative evaluation of the requirements of the draft COMECON standard for 0.1-10 MHz frequencies with the hygienic regulations currently mandatory in Poland arouses some anxiety that certain groups of high-frequency devices, meeting national requirements, may not meet the requirements of the mentioned draft standard. To evaluate the possibilities of meeting the requirements of the mentioned draft by the high-frequency devices used in Poland, an analysis of real work conditions was carried out for approx. 450 industrial and electromedical appliances, as well as radio communication devices. The number of high-frequency devices which will not meet the COMECON standard requirements was estimated. In addition, the costs to be incurred for technological and organizational undertakings to meet the e-m working conditions pursuant to the COMECON standard requirements were calculated. PMID- 3444424 TI - A microplate method for isolation of viruses from infants and children with acute respiratory infections. AB - Between December 1984 and December 1986, a microplate technique was adopted for isolation of viruses from infants and children with acute respiratory infections. By using two kinds of tissue culture microplates, i.e., the HHVM plate, containing human embryonic fibroblast (HEF), HEp-2, Vero and MDCK cells, and the MK plate which contains secondary monkey kidney cells, 1,080 field viruses were isolated from 1,061 (24.9%) out of 4,254 throat swabs. Of these 1,080 isolates, 1,003 (92.9%) were recovered in the HHVM plates and the remaining 77 (7.1%) in the MK plates. With the HHVM plate, influenza A and B viruses were cultivated in MDCK, RS virus in HEp-2, parainfluenza and mumps viruses in Vero, adenoviruses in both HEF and HEp-2, polioviruses in HEF, HEp-2 and Vero, coxsackie B viruses in both HEp-2 and Vero, rhino and echo viruses in HEF, herpes simplex virus in both HEF and HEp-2, and cytomegalovirus in HEF, although MK were more sensitive than Vero to parainfluenza and coxsackie B viruses. There was no difference in the rate of isolation of viruses between the microplate and ordinary tube methods. Cross contamination in the microplates was negligible for routine work. PMID- 3444425 TI - Characterization and mobilization of nonconjugative plasmids encoding resistance to streptomycin and sulfanilamide. AB - Most of nonconjugative streptomycin (Sm)- and sulfanilamide (Su)- resistance of clinical isolates belonging to various species of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas were encoded by an Inc Q plasmid, molecular size of which was 5.5 Md. The SmSu plasmids were efficiently mobilized by Inc P plasmids between E. coli strains. Inc I group and Inc F group plasmids could mobilize the Inc Q plasmids at lower efficiencies. The Inc Q plasmid was also mobilized to various species of Enterobacteriaceae at high frequencies without accompanying the conjugative Inc P plasmid; as a result, most of the SmSu-resistant transconjugants were nontransferable. The above results may explain the wide distribution of nonconjugative SmSu strains among clinical isolates. PMID- 3444426 TI - A plasmid of group Q which confers resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides. AB - A 5.2-Mdal plasmid, determining resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides, is a member of incompatibility group Q. PMID- 3444427 TI - Effect of various sodium taurocholate preparations on the recovery of Clostridium difficile spores. AB - The effect of four sodium taurocholate preparations, which are easily available in Japan, on recovery of Clostridium difficile spores was examined. All preparations, except for one, enabled the recovery of nearly all spores counted microscopically. Moreover, by using 69 toxigenic and 34 nontoxigenic C. difficile strains, the relationship between the recovery of spores in the medium with sodium taurocholate and toxigenicity of C. difficile was analyzed. It was noted that the number of strains with recovery rate of more than 70% was greater in toxigenic strains than in nontoxigenic strains, suggesting a more abundant recovery of toxigenic C. difficile strains in the presence of sodium taurocholate. PMID- 3444428 TI - Chondroitin sulfate-depolymerizing activity in Streptococcus intermedius and other streptococci. AB - The type strain (ATCC 27335) and 18 human oral isolates of Streptococcus intermedius and some other related streptococcal species were tested for chondroitin sulfate C-depolymerizing activity employing a modified screening plate method of Smith and Willett. As the results, S. intermedius strains except for ATCC 31412 strain were found to possess this activity. Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11828 used as a positive control strain demonstrated strong activity, whereas S. intermedius strains showed only slightly detectable activity. This finding might be interesting in view of the classification of this species as well as its pathogenicity. PMID- 3444429 TI - ["Pediatriattuale". National seminar on preventive and social pediatrics. First update course on the study of adolescence. Genoa, 18-19-20 June 1987. Free communications]. PMID- 3444430 TI - Evaluating the practice of care: interests and methods. PMID- 3444431 TI - 'Consolidate or bust'--the development and evaluation of an academic game in a student nurse introductory course. PMID- 3444432 TI - Empathy: we know what we mean, but what do we teach? PMID- 3444433 TI - Nursing education and professional role acquisition. A longitudinal study of expectations and attitudes towards nurse role acquisition. PMID- 3444434 TI - 'Burnout' and its implications for the continuing education of nurses. PMID- 3444435 TI - Writing for publication. PMID- 3444436 TI - Nurses need to become better patient educators. PMID- 3444437 TI - OK-432 stimulates primary production and activity of murine natural killer cells. AB - Although many immunostimulants have been shown to increase the lytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in the periphery, little is known about their effects on NK cells in the bone marrow, the primary site of NK production. In the experiments reported here, we tested OK-432, a pharmaceutical preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes, for its effects on both the primary production and lytic activity of NK cells in C57BL/6J mice. NK activity in bone marrow cells (BMC) and spleen cells (SC) was significantly increased following intravenous administration of OK-432, peaking on day 2 in BMC and on day 3 in SC. Concomitantly, there were marked changes in the cellularity in the two compartments. Bone marrow cellularity fell significantly on day 1 post-OK-432 and then gradually returned to normal, whereas spleen cellularity rose rapidly and remained elevated. As a consequence, the total NK activity (per femur or per spleen) was significantly increased at 48-96 h after administration of OK-432. The target specificity was unchanged. The phenotype of NK cells in BMC as determined by cytotoxic depletion was unchanged by OK-432, but splenic NK activity shifted to a 'less mature' phenotype, intermediate between that of normal BMC and SC. Cytokinetic studies using 3H-TdR revealed an increase in the production of NK cells in the bone marrow following administration of OK-432. Proliferating NK cells also appeared in the spleen. Whether these were recently produced NK cells from the bone marrow that still retained the ability to proliferate or mature NK cells that were stimulated into cell cycle cannot be determined from these experiments. These data are the first to directly demonstrate the modulation of the primary production of NK cells by an immunologically active drug. PMID- 3444438 TI - Renewal of natural killer cells in mice having elevated natural killer cell activity. AB - The present study was designed to examined the dynamics of splenic natural killer (NK) cells under two conditions of enhanced NK cell activity: (1) CBA/J mice given polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-I:C), an NK-cell-enhancing agent, and 62) untreated athymic nude (nu/nu) mice. The 'total NK cell activity' of the spleen (percentage specific lysis corrected for changes in organ cellularity) increased 5-fold and 2.7-fold after poly-I:C treatment for 1 day and 4 days, respectively. An injection of hydroxyurea (HU), a cell-cycle-toxic drug, given together with either poly-I:C or saline to CBA/J mice resulted in both cases in a 25% reduction in total NK cell activity 1 day later. This suggests that the renewal rate of nondividing NK cells is similar in poly-I:C-treated and saline injected mice, and that the NK-enhancing effect of poly-I:C is not due to a stimulation of proliferation among NK cell precursors. HU administered simultaneously with poly-I:C or saline for 4 days eliminated NK cell activity in both cases, indicating that spleen NK cell activity is mediated almost entirely by newly formed (less than or equal to 4 days) cells. In nude mice, NK cell activity was assayed at various intervals after an HU depletion period of 2 days. NK depletion was initially more rapid in nu/nu mice than in control (nu/+) mice, although equally profound, and the subsequent recovery of NK cell activity after cessation of HU was also more rapid than in control (nu/+) mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444439 TI - [Clostridium thermocellum--a new object of genetic studies]. AB - A pronounced cellulolytic activity of the anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum makes it a promising object for biotechnology, which requires elaboration of the methods for genetic analysis of this microorganism. At the first stage of the studies aimed at development of methods of the genetic material transfer to Clostridium thermocellum we elaborated a procedure for producing and regenerating protoplasts with the efficiency of up to 1%. The protoplast transformation was performed by the DNA of shuttle vectors pHV33 (KmRTcRApR) and pMK419 (CmRApR) constructed in this work. Modifications of the previously described methods of plasmid DNA isolation were developed. The cryptic 25 kb and 45-50 kb plasmids were detected in the strains F1 and F7 and isolated. PMID- 3444440 TI - [Staphylococcal enterotoxin type D: isolation, purification, identification]. AB - The three step scheme of isolation and purification of staphylococcal type D enterotoxin was elaborated to obtain the homogeneous protein. The scheme includes protein concentration by (NH4)2SO4 saturation and subsequent fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200. The yield of homogeneous protein is 25.5%. The molecular mass of the 29,600 D protein was identified by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS. The enterotoxic dose for staphylococcal type D enterotoxin is 5 mkg per kg of body mass as identified in experiments with cats. Immunological identity of the obtained protein was established to the commercial preparation of staphylococcal enterotoxin D produced by "Serva". PMID- 3444441 TI - [Radioimmunological analysis of the antigenic variability of influenza virus nucleoprotein]. AB - Influenza A virus ability to bind anti-NP monoclonal antibodies to two viral strains has been studied by radioimmunoassay on polyethylene film with the subsequent autoradiographic registration of results. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained to the viral strains differing in antigenic formula of outer glycoproteids and isolated at different time. The studied influenza viruses were divided into seven groups due to their ability to bind monoclonal antibodies. The absence of correlation between the antigenic properties of nucleoprotein and glycoproteids has been registered. Variability of some antigenic sites has been analyzed. The human epidemic strains of influenza virus are different in ability to bind monoclonal antibodies from the viral strains that are connected with animals in nature or laboratory practice. PMID- 3444442 TI - [The use of the gene hybridization method for the identification of epidemiologically dangerous strains of cholera vibrios]. AB - Using the labeled DNA fragments containing the genes for cholera toxin the strains of cholera vibrios were studied for the presence of cholera toxin genes. Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from natural water reservoirs under the favourable epidemic situation do not contain the cholera toxin genes. The DNA hybridization method was compared with other methods used in research and practical work for estimation of epidemic importance of cholera vibrios. PMID- 3444443 TI - Family incidence of dermatophytoses in Barcelona (Spain). PMID- 3444444 TI - Malassezia pachydermatis in small animals. PMID- 3444445 TI - Moniliella suaveolens var. nigra. PMID- 3444446 TI - [Current status and problems of clinical training in nursing]. PMID- 3444447 TI - [Learning goal at the scene of clinical training]. PMID- 3444448 TI - [Interpretation and correlation of information by expressing the overall clinical findings of a patient in a diagram--for effective introduction to clinical training in adult nursing]. PMID- 3444449 TI - [Teaching planning according to the characteristics of individual students]. PMID- 3444450 TI - [Importance of creating your own effective teaching methodology in clinical training]. PMID- 3444451 TI - [My method in clinical nursing training--establishment of a goal and sufficient preparation]. PMID- 3444452 TI - [My method in clinical nursing training--three basic principles in teaching]. PMID- 3444453 TI - [My method in clinical nursing training--introduction of the "nursing process", inspiring students to have awareness of the problems and goals]. PMID- 3444454 TI - [My method in clinical nursing training--on assigning a student to a terminal patient, a need to reconsider the teaching method]. PMID- 3444455 TI - [Learning experience in clinical training in regional nursing care]. PMID- 3444456 TI - [Nurturing students' sensitivity--clinical training with emphasis on students' "discovery"]. PMID- 3444457 TI - [In search of clinical training through which instructors and students can share the facts and discuss nursing]. PMID- 3444458 TI - [Significance of and the ideal format for clinical training in psychiatric nursing--a reflection on teaching experience in the past 5 years]. PMID- 3444459 TI - [Encounters with local citizens--expectations of public health nurses as professionals. A discussion]. PMID- 3444460 TI - Non-participant observation: a learning experience for students of nursing management. PMID- 3444461 TI - The learning gap. PMID- 3444462 TI - Qualifications in nursing education and nursing administration: SANA Position Paper. PMID- 3444463 TI - [21 years of the Potchefstroom University department of occupational health nursing]. PMID- 3444464 TI - Professionalism and continuing education-an imperative for nurses. PMID- 3444466 TI - Abortion--SANA position paper. PMID- 3444465 TI - [Financial independence for women]. PMID- 3444467 TI - Artificial insemination, surrogacy and the law. PMID- 3444468 TI - Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. PMID- 3444470 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia--its epidemiology and aetiology. PMID- 3444469 TI - Multicultural midwifery. PMID- 3444472 TI - [The role of BCG-immunization in the control of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444471 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix in South Africa. PMID- 3444473 TI - The nurse as communicator. PMID- 3444474 TI - Guidelines for becoming a successful author. PMID- 3444475 TI - Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus--a nursing perspective. PMID- 3444476 TI - Racism and the South African nurse. PMID- 3444477 TI - The mechanism of the 3H-noradrenaline releasing effect of various substrates of uptake1: multifactorial induction of outward transport. AB - The mechanism of action of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines was studied in the rat vas deferens, after inhibition of vesicular uptake (by reserpine), of MAO (by pargyline) and of COMT (by U-0521). 1. Km-values for the neuronal uptake of 12 substrates were determined as the IC50 of the unlabelled substrate inhibiting the initial rate of neuronal uptake of 0.2 mumol/l 3H-(-) noradrenaline. The IC50 ranged from 0.35 mumol/l (for(+)-amphetamine) to 44.3 mumol/l (for 5-HT). The Vmax (determined for 8 substrates) was substrate dependent. 2. Tissues were loaded with 0.2 mumol/l 3H-(-)-noradrenaline and then washed out with amine-free solution. All 12 substrates of uptake1 induced an outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline, and equieffective concentrations were positively correlated with Km. Moreover, the EC50 for release greatly exceeded Km. It is proposed that this discrepancy between EC50 and Km is indicative of the fact that at least four factors (each one in strict dependence on Km) contribute to the initiation of outward transport of 3H-noradreanline: a) the appearance of the carrier on the inside of the axonal membrane (facilitated exchange diffusion), b) the co-transport of Na+, c) the co-transport of Cl- (both lowering the Km for 3H-noradrenaline at the inside carrier), and d) inhibition of the re uptake of released 3H-noradrenaline (through competition for the outside carrier). 3. At least for amezinium, Vmax appears to limit the maximum rate of outward transport. 4. For some substrates (especially for the highly lipophilic ones) bell-shaped concentration-release curves were obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444478 TI - The mechanism of the 3H-noradrenaline releasing effect of various substrates of uptake1: role of monoamine oxidase and of vesicularly stored 3H-noradrenaline. AB - The mechanism of action of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines was studied in vasa deferentia of unpretreated rats (COMT inhibited), preloaded with 3H noradrenaline. 1. Concentration-release curves were obtained for 12 unlabelled indirectly acting amines. From differences between these results and those in an accompanying report (involving tissues from rats pretreated with reserpine and pargyline), it is concluded that a "mobilisation" of vesicular 3H-noradrenaline is required for high and sustained rates of outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline from intact adrenergic varicosities. 2. Experiments with a reserpine-like compound (Ro 4-1284) supported the view that a "mobilisation" of vesicular 3H noradrenaline is required for substantial release. 3. An atypical time course of release and abnormally high rates of release were observed in the presence of excessive concentrations of (+)-amphetamine. Such atypical effects are ascribed to the of basic amines to increase the intravesicular pH. 4. Analysis of the ratio NA/DOPEG (rate of efflux of 3H-noradrenaline/rate of efflux of 3H-DOPEG) indicated that the inward transport (by uptake) of substrates of MAO fails to achieve axoplasmic concentrations which saturate MAO. Inhibition (or saturation) of MAO is not a prerequisite for the initiation of outward transport. 5. A larger fraction of vesicular 3H-noradrenaline is accessible to equireleasing concentrations of (+)-amphetamine (an inhibitor of MAO) than of tyramine (a substrate of MAO). 6. From the present and the accompanying report it is concluded that "substantial and sustained indirect sympathomimetic effects" are to be expected for substrates of uptake which additionally mobilise vesicular noradrenaline. However, this "mobilisation" does not seem to involve a change in intravesicular pH, except at excessive concentrations. PMID- 3444479 TI - Veratridine-induced outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves of the rat vas deferens. AB - 1. The neuronal release by 100 mumol/l veratridine of preloaded 3H-noradrenaline was studied in the rat vas deferens, the MAO, COMT and vesicular uptake of which were inhibited. To prevent any exocytotic release of the 3H-amine, all solutions were calcium-free. Veratridine induced an early and a late peak of tritium efflux. The early peak was abolished by the presence of 1 mumol/l desipramine, the late peak was abolished by 1 mumol/l tetrodotoxin (administered subsequently to the first peak). The administration of veratridine plus 1 mmol/l ouabain resulted in only the early peak of efflux. 2. The peak response to veratridine plus ouabain was increased by a very early administration of veratridine plus ouabain (after 40 min of wash-out instead of the usual 130 min) (i.e., when the relative size of the axoplasmic distribution compartment was increased). However, very high axoplasmic 3H-noradrenaline levels (after loading with 37 instead of the usual 0.2 mumol/l) reduced the height of the peak (when expressed as a FRL). 3. Substantially similar responses to veratridine plus ouabain were obtained after loading with 3H-noradrenaline, 3H-adrenaline or 3H-dopamine. 4. As the second peak of veratridine-induced release is ouabain-sensitive, it appears to be caused by exhaustion of neuronal ATP stores; this, in turn, raises the intravesicular pH and induces efflux of 3H-noradrenaline from the vesicles into the axoplasm. The first peak, on the other hand, represents outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline from the axoplasmic compartment. Evidently, a pronounced vesicular distribution of 3H-noradrenaline takes place even after inhibition by reserpine of the vesicular uptake. 5. In preparations with intact vesicular uptake (MAO and COMT inhibited) a plateau-response was obtained; in the presence of 10 mumol/l Ro 4-2184 (a reserpine-like compound) a peak response was restored after loading with 0.2 mumol/l 3H-noradrenaline, less so after loading with 37 mumol/l. 6. It is confirmed that veratridine (plus ouabain) exerts a reserpine like effect when applied to tissues with intact vesicular uptake and intact MAO. PMID- 3444480 TI - Simulation of outward transport of neuronal 3H-noradrenaline with the help of a two-compartment model. AB - In order to simulate the outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline induced by veratridine from adrenergic varicosities, a mathematical two-compartment model was developed in which the two compartments (representing axoplasm and storage vesicles) are arranged in series. Simulated results were compared with experimental results obtained with 100 mumol/l veratridine + 1 mmol/l ouabain and rat vasa deferentia kept in calcium-free solution (Bonisch and Trendelenburg 1987). As in experiments, the time course of efflux of 3H-noradrenaline had a pronounced and early peak under RPU-conditions, a minor peak under PU-conditions, and solely a plateau under U-conditions (where R stands for pretreatment with reserpine, P for pretreatment with pargyline, and U for inhibition of COMT by U 0521). From the width of the peak of release, it was deduced that--under RPU conditions--about 40% of neuronal 3H-noradrenaline are distributed into the axoplasm, about 60% into the storage vesicle. However, this estimate represents an average value; the results are compatible with the view that the ratio "axoplasmic/vesicular 3H-noradrenaline" is quite variable from rat to rat. Under U-conditions, calculations confirm that reserpine-like compounds induce an efflux of tritium that consists predominantly of deaminated 3H-metabolites. The stimulation of outward transport, on the other hand, causes an efflux of tritium that consists predominantly of 3H-noradrenaline; indeed, the efflux of deaminated 3H-metabolites declines (as it did in experiments). Simulations showed further that the highest rates of outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline were achieved when there was a simultaneous induction of outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline and a reserpine-like effect (as it is known to occur when tissues are exposed to veratridine; Bonisch and Trendelenburg 1987). While there was satisfactory agreement between simulated and experimental results under various conditions, there were also two discrepancies that may be caused by a) inhomogeneous labelling of the storage vesicles in individual varicosities (RPU less than PU less than U) and b) saturation of outward transport of 3H-noradrenaline when a reserpine-like compound greatly increases the axoplasmic level of total noradrenaline (under U-conditions). PMID- 3444481 TI - The effect of kinin agonists and antagonists on the pain response of the human blister base. AB - 1. The effect of bradykinin (BK) and some analogues of BK on the human blister base was studied. 2. BK produced reproducible dose-related increases in pain responses. A characteristic delay, which was not dose-related occurred between application of BK and the resultant response. 3. The rank order of potency of several kinin analogues on the pain response was BK much much greater than sigma cyclo-(Lys1-Gly6)-BK = sigma-cyclo-kallidin greater than des-Arg9-BK. 4. No increase in pain response was seen with repeated application of the selective B1 receptor agonist des-Arg9-BK to the same blister base at 4 h intervals. The B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-Leu8-BK was without effect against BK-induced responses. 5. The B2 receptor antagonists, D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-D-Phe Thi-Arg-TEA and D-Pro-Phe-Arg-heptylamide produced significant antagonism of the bradykinin-induced pain responses at doses which had no effect against 5 hydroxytryptamine or potassium chloride. 6. It is concluded that the kinin receptor mediating pain on the human blister base is of the B2 type. PMID- 3444482 TI - Compared effects of calcium entry blockers on calcium-induced tension in rat isolated cerebral and peripheral resistance vessels. AB - The effects of the calcium entry blockers verapamil (V), diltiazem (D), nifedipine (NF) and nicardipine (NC) have been studied on calcium concentration effect curves elicited in depolarized (K+, 40 mmol/l) and in serotonin-exposed (6 mumol/l) rat middle cerebral arteries (RMCA) in order to compare the relative potencies of the blockers against these two calcium channel activating mechanisms. In control conditions, Ca2+ sensitivity expressed as pD2 and maximal active wall tension (AWT) were not significantly different in depolarized and in 5-HT-exposed vessels: pD2: 3.39 +/- 0.08 vs 3.50 +/- 0.06 and AWT: 0.93 +/- 0.15 mN.mm-1 vs 0.90 +/- 0.16 mN.mm-1 respectively. V, D, NF and NC displaced Ca2+ control curves to the right and depressed the maximum contractile response in the two experimental conditions, which suggests a noncompetitive type of antagonism. All the blockers were more potent inhibitors of Ca2+-induced contractions in depolarized than in serotonin-exposed middle cerebral arteries. The IC50 values (concentration of blockers producing a 50% inhibition of maximal control contractile response) were (nmol/l): V = 20, D = 120, NF = 0.4, NC = 1 and V = 400, D = 10,000, NF = 20, NC = 7 in depolarized and serotonin-exposed arteries respectively. From these IC50 values, the relative order of potency of the CEB's was not the same in the two experimental conditions suggesting that while serotonin and K+ both promote the entry of Ca2+ into vascular smooth muscle cells of RMCA, they either activate a different gating mechanism associated with a single common channel or perhaps distinct channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444483 TI - [Is it necessary to operate on asymptomatic aneurysms? Apropos of 114 surgically treated asymptomatic aneurysms]. AB - A six years retrospective analysis of asymptomatic aneurysms (A.A.) was done in 4 neurosurgical departments: 114 AA were clipped in 99 patients. In 44 patients (48 asymptomatic aneurysms) the surgical procedure was achieved in one step for both symptomatic and asymptomatic aneurysms. In 59 patients (66 asymptomatic aneurysms) the surgical procedure was delayed as it necessitated a second and elective craniotomy. As regard the treatment of asymptomatic aneurysms, there was no morbidity, and one death due to a massive pulmonary embolism. These surgical results are undoubtebly better than the risk of hemorrhage from unruptured aneurysm as emphasized in the literature. PMID- 3444484 TI - [Complications observed in the surgery of aneurysms of the circle of Willis in a perspective of early operation]. AB - This report concern a series of 100 consecutive patients operated by direct attack for intracranial ruptured aneurysms (mortality: 14%, complete removal: 70%). 35% of this patients have been early operated before the 96e hour. In this series, only one case of spasm was observed. But we have observed other neurosurgical complications, analysed and compared to the postoperative course of the patients who had delayed operations. PMID- 3444485 TI - [Acute staphylococcal epidural inflammation. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of staphylococcal infection of the epidural space are presented and on this purpose a review of literature is done to remind of this pathology and to plead for early diagnosis. PMID- 3444486 TI - [Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by foramen and calcified disk herniation, responsible for direct compression of Adamkiewicz's artery]. AB - The thoracic discal hernia is a rare affection whose prognosis has been transformed by the present diagnostic means and the technical progress of surgery. A case history has been reported of a thoracic discal hernia, T9-T10, with Brown-Sequard Syndrome and vertebral CT Scanning showed a left lateral localization. A posterior access remains indicated in lateral localization of those hernias, and it confirms clinical and neuroradiological findings showing a direct compression of the Adamkiewicz artery in the intervertebral foramen. PMID- 3444487 TI - [Suboccipital Pott's disease]. AB - A new case of sub-occipital Pott's disease is reported: a 26 year old, coloured male patient from Senegal was admitted for: cervical pain of 6 month duration, neck stiffness, dysphagia, left XII paralysis and left hemiparesis. The radiological study found an anterior atlanto-axial subluxation, basilar impression, and increased thickness of the retropharyngeal soft tissue, lysis of the left occipital condyle and the left lateral mass. CT scan study revealed a retropharyngeal mass and an epidural contrast-enhanced lesion at the C2 C3 C4 levels. Chest-X ray showed one tuberculous lesion at the right apex. The research of Acid Fast Bacilli in gastric secretion samples and the results of the retropharyngeal mass puncture were positive. An antituberculous trichemotherapy was started. After early reduction by skull tongs traction, an occipito-cervical arthrodesis by Roy Camille plates was performed, followed by the wearing of a minerva plaster jacket and then a plastic collar. Each one for a 5 month period. One year later, there remained only a left XII paralysis, but the bony reconstruction was not yet obvious on tomography. A survey of the literature of 70 cases of sub-occipital Pott's disease has pointed out these findings: cervical pain (98%), neck stiffness (82%), Atlantoaxial subluxation (68%), thickened prevertebral soft tissue shadow (77%), lateral mass lysis (48%) other tuberculous focus (29%). The main therapeutic trends are: early and long-lasting antituberculous poly-chemotherapy, early reduction of subluxations, prolonged contention for slight osteolytic lesions and for major: lytic lesions, a posterior surgical procedure either by bone graft combined with wires or preferably fusion by means of occipito-cervical plates. The removal of abscess is discussed. PMID- 3444488 TI - [Cardiac myxoma with cerebral metastases]. AB - A 56 year old woman developed multiple metastases in the cerebrum and cerebellum, four years after cardiac intervention on a left atrial myxoma. The absence of stroke is noteworthy. Multiple high density lesions with contrast enhancement were seen by CT scan, suggesting metastatic neoplasms. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of metastases of cardiac myxoma. Only four cases were recorded in the literature. PMID- 3444489 TI - [Acute subdural hematoma caused by rupture of a peripheral aneurysm of the sylvian artery]. AB - A patient who suffered acute subdural hematoma secondary to rupture of intracranial aneurysm is reported. Cerebral angiography showed a subdural collection on the left hemisphere and a distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm. There was no history of head trauma, endocarditis or systemic infection, and physical examination was normal. Congenital etiology is presupposed. From our review of the literature this is a rare association. The author emphasizes on the continuing role of angiography to evaluate spontaneous subdural hematomas. PMID- 3444490 TI - [Approach to the anterior and lateral segments of the dorsolumbar spine by conservative transverso-arthro-pediculotomy]. AB - The authors report a new technique of uni or bilateral transversoarthropediculotomy. It allows, according to the need, a conservative removal of a part or the whole posterior arch. This technique seems most suitable to avoid removal of posterior columns when a posterolateral approach is decided. PMID- 3444491 TI - [Hemispheric glioma. I. Practical attitudes in 1987 (a survey questioning 80 practicing specialists)]. PMID- 3444492 TI - [Hemispheric glioma. II. Those myths which support our thesis]. PMID- 3444493 TI - [Colonic necrosis, an unusual extrarenal involvement in hemolytic and uremic syndrome]. AB - A seventeen years old girl presented a HUS. The usual gastrointestinal symptoms of the prodromal phase involved secondary complications leading to emergency surgical treatment. Laparotomy exploration revealed segmental necrosis of the colon which was treated by colectomy: histological studies revealed its ischemic nature with specific lesions of thrombotic microangiopathy. Later course was uneventful with the exception of renal failure requiring maintenance hemodialysis. Review of literature confirms the rare and severe nature of gastrointestinal lesions requiring surgery. Great care should be taken on one hand, not to undertake a useless operation and on the other hand to operate in time colonic necrosis involving or not intestinal perforation or intussusception. PMID- 3444494 TI - [Chronic terminal renal failure: an unusual outcome of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis]. AB - Recovery of renal function after acute tubular necrosis usually begins within a few days or weeks, provided the patient does not succumb to the complications of uremia or of the precipitating illness. However, some studies suggest a high incidence of permanent renal failure perhaps reflecting the survival of patients who previously died because of less ideal treatment. Recently, we observed a patient with acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis whose course was notably different from the usual pattern since the patient required chronic dialysis. We believe that the cause of this permanent lesion is multifactorial including age, nephrotoxic agents (aminoglycosides, intravenous contrast media) and perhaps immunological mechanism. Treatment with prednisone did not produce improvement in our case and the patient has been treated by maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 3444495 TI - [Prosthesis without puncture, 3d generation of vascular access for hemodialysis: a study of Hemasite in 10 patients]. AB - Hemasite is a new vascular access for hemodialysis. The device has a carbon coated T-shaped body with a resealable silicon septum that obviates the need for skin punctures. It is implanted with attached PTFE grafts. Since August 1984, 10 Hemasite have been placed in 10 patients. After one year, 63% of Hemasite are still permeable: this success rate is at least similar to usual synthetic grafts. There is no infectious complication. The rate of thrombosis is high, but Hemasite offers the interesting facility to perform local infusion of thrombolytic drugs and/or painless angioplasty through its removable septum in case of venous stenosis. Patients and staff acceptance has been excellent. PMID- 3444497 TI - [Spontaneous crystalluria in calcium oxalate stone-formers]. PMID- 3444496 TI - [Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients]. AB - In order to study the reliability of plasma LCAT activity as a marker of cardiovascular risk, we compared 66 chronic hemodialysis patients with a control group (n = 72) and a coronary artery disease (CAD) patients group (n = 46). The decrease of LCAT activity (measured by the Nagasaki method) did not appear as a marker of CAD risk; if this activity was effectively lower in 51 of the hemodialysis patients (p less than 0.001) than in the patients of the control group, it was higher in CAD patients (p less than 0.001). In the remaining 15 hemodialysis patients, we found an almost undetectable LCAT activity, not accompanied by a change in esterification percentage when compared with the other hemodialysis patients; the mixing of these serums with control group restored an enzymatic activity and excludes the presence of an inhibitor. The only risk factors common to hemodialysis and CAD patients was the decrease of HDL cholesterol and the high frequency of combined hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 3444498 TI - [Results of the treatment of children with brain neoplasms. I. Survival of children and cause of death]. AB - In a group of 146 children aged from 8 months to 16 years treated for brain neoplasms the authors analysed the therapeutic results. Excluding the so called operative losses the survival over 4 years was obtained in one-fourth of patients with medulloblastoma, in over one-third of those with ependymoma, one-half of astrocytoma cases, and over one-third of children with other neoplasms. The authors estimate positively the therapeutic methods used (operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by Bloom's schedule) and see the possibility of increasing the survival rate by improvement in the diagnosis of brain tumours in children and by optimalization of treatment, especially in its early period, for reducing the number of operative losses. PMID- 3444499 TI - [Results of the treatment of children with brain neoplasms. II. Quality of life]. AB - In a group of 57 children with brain neoplasms with a long follow-up the authors assessed the neurological and somatic condition of these patients, as well as their mental development and social adaptation. It is suggested that a child completing successfully prolonged treatment (which includes in cases of malignant neoplasms also radiotherapy and chemotherapy) has a considerable likelihood of leading a relatively normal life. In most of these children the neurological deficit was absent or slight, and they could attend normal schools. The most frequent and most dangerous sequelae were vision disturbances (in about 12% of cases) due mainly to the site of the neoplasm. Attention is called also to growth disturbances as a result of radiotherapy. Another observed unfavourable consequence of radiotherapy is deterioration of intellectual abilities of the children, which was, however, usually at the level of slight mental retardation. PMID- 3444500 TI - [Growth hormone levels in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis]. AB - In 1984 the authors determined by radioimmunoassay (ORIPI-RIA kit) the serum growth hormone levels in 35 patients with multiple sclerosis (20 M, 15 F) aged from 20 to 54 years, and in 10 cases the determination was carried out in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The control group comprised 40 patients with ischialgia or neuroses. The normal range of GH values in the serum determined with this kit was from 0 to 80 microIU/ml, and the laboratory normal range was from 0 to 10 microIU/ml. The normal GH value for the CSF is being established (calculations based on mean values). No significant differences were observed in the GH concentrations in the serum between the patients and the control group, and between males and females in either group. No significant differences were found also in the GH level in the CSF of males and females with multiple sclerosis. Treatment with corticosteroids received by over 80% of the patients (at least 6 months before the study) caused no significant rise in GH concentration. However, an increasing tendency was observed of GH concentration in patients which requires confirmation in a greater number of cases. PMID- 3444501 TI - [Mental disorders in children with epilepsy]. AB - In a group of 80 epileptic children aged 10-11-12 years in 75% of cases psychic changes were found, including disturbances of intellectual abilities of the oligophrenic-dementive type, and personality disorders. The cause of these disturbances was organic brain damage due mainly to pathological events in pregnancy and labour, and to mechanical craniocerebral trauma in early childhood. Other causes included: duration, type and frequency of seizures and longstanding pharmacological polytherapy not considering the interaction of drugs. The coexistent neurotic symptoms in 60% out of 80 studied children were caused by abnormal family situation and situation in school which had undoubtedly an effect on the prognosis and course of epilepsy in children. PMID- 3444502 TI - [Common-sense knowledge of epilepsy]. AB - The purpose of this study was to find an answer to the question what is the knowledge on epilepsy in the population and what is the attitude towards epileptics. The study was carried out in a randomly selected sample of 150 people living in a province capital and it was a continuation of similar studies conducted abroad and in Poland (Bagley, 1972; Zielinski, 1974). The analysis of the knowledge level on various aspects of epilepsy showed that 41.3% of the responders had a quite good information on this disease. Sex-related differences were observed in favour of women. The knowledge possessed by subjects with high and medium education was better than that of subjects with elementary education. A decidedly non-accepting attitude towards epileptics was manifested by 36.6% of the studied subjects, and decidedly accepting attitude by 19.3%. The accepting attitude was more frequent among women with elementary education. The non accepting attitude was expressed most frequently by responders with elementary vocational education and those with incomplete high education. The comparison of certain results of these investigations with those carried out in Warsaw (1974) demonstrated an essential difference in the level of acceptance of epileptics. Generally speaking, the Warsaw responders had an accepting attitude, and the presently studied ones has a non-accepting attitude. The Warsaw study demonstrated a rising social acceptance level with higher educational levels, this relationship was not observed in the present study. PMID- 3444503 TI - [Prospective EEG studies of offspring of fathers with epilepsy]. AB - EEG tracings were analysed in 100 children of 58 fathers with epilepsy. A group of children aged up to 18 years was isolated and in 40 of them serial EEG investigations were carried out during 4-5 years. In this group abnormal tracings were found in 51% of cases, with seizure activity in 31%. In five children (5%) epilepsy was diagnosed. Seizure activity was significantly more frequent in girls than in boys (42.8% vs 19.6%). Seizure activity occurred with similar frequency in children born before or after manifestation of the disease in the father (30.1% and 31.9%). The observation of evolution of seizure activity during 4-5 years suggests that the greatest penetration is at the age of 4-7 years (52.6%) and then it decreases gradually. Non-seizure pathological activity with features of bioelectric immaturity was observed most frequently in the youngest children aged 1-3 years, especially in boys. The evolution of these changes was bidirectional: in most cases the tracings became normal within 4-5 years, in a lower number of cases seizure activity appeared. PMID- 3444504 TI - [Coexistence of idiopathic spontaneous nocturnal enuresis and migraine in children]. AB - In a 7-year prospective follow-up of 104 children with enuresis in 32 cases (19 boys and 13 girls) coexistence of common migraine was found. Twenty-two children had various other seizure-like disorders, particularly tics, febrile convulsions, pavor nocturnus and fainting, and three had absence attacks. In 20 cases vasomotor disturbances and in 17 abnormal Schellong's test were found. The IQ was normal or high in all cases. Emotional disorders were observed in nearly half the cases. The water-salt test of Decourt was done in 9 cases and it was abnormal in 8 cases. At least two abnormal EEG records were obtained in 26 cases, and in 24 of them seizure activity was demonstrated in the EEG. In the period of follow-up disappearance or very marked improvement of enuresis occurred in all cases and migrainous attacks became less frequent and intense in 27 cases, while in 5 the severity of migraine increased. The author discusses the pathological mechanism of these disturbances calling attention to less good efficiency of the regulatory functions of the centrencephalic activating system and hypothalamus connected with biochemical and bioelectric immaturity. PMID- 3444505 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve tumors]. AB - After an analysis of cases of tumours situated on the peripheral nerves treated in hospital the authors stress the usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of these tumours. By demonstrating the internal structure of the tumour, its anatomical relationships to the surrounding tissues the investigation provides many important and practical data in the surgery of peripheral nerves. PMID- 3444506 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm]. AB - In the years 1976-1984 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Silesian Medical Academy in Katowice 196 patients were treated surgically for intracranial aneurysms. In the patients with aneurysms in the anterior part of the circulus arteriosus Yasargil's craniotomy was done. In some cases of aneurysms of the posterior cranial fossa suboccipital craniotomy was performed. In 181 cases the aneurysm was isolated by clipping it, in 4 cases it was trapped and in 11 wrapped. Good results were obtained in 60% of cases and bad in 15.9%. Death from extracranial causes occurred in 3 cases. The results of surgical treatment depended on the condition of the patient estimated by the Botterell scale, age, situation of the aneurysm and number of subarachnoid haemorrhages, duration of operation and experience in qualification of patients for surgery and on surgical technique. PMID- 3444507 TI - [Analysis of the effects of various methods of classical exclusion of anterior cerebral artery aneurysms on late structural and functional changes in relation to the various approaches]. AB - The effects were analysed of various techniques of classical exclusion of aneurysms in the anterior cerebral artery system on the late therapeutic result and on the development of ischaemic lesions in the area of approach to the aneurysm. The approaches used were: interhemispheric, fronto-temporal and fronto temporo-sphenoidal, and the aneurysms were excluded with a ligature or metal clip. The best method of approach was chosen after analysis of late results of neurological, psychological and CT studies. It was demonstrated that pressure of a spatula during the operation may produce permanent ischaemic changes at the site of the pressure which may lead to persistence of psychic disturbances late after the operation. It was shown also that the most favourable classic technique of operation in cases of aneurysms in this portion is the fronto-temporo sphenoidal approach with use of a metal clip. PMID- 3444508 TI - [Early and late results of the surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma]. AB - The authors compare the surgical results in 90 patients with chronic subdural haematomas. 61 of them were treated by burr-holes and 29 by craniotomy with capsulectomy. Postoperative mortality was much higher in the second group-20.5%, compared with the first group-1.6%. In follow-up the authors found a high number of epileptic fits in patients treated by burr-holes, while none of the patients treated by craniotomy with capsulectomy suffered from epilepsy. PMID- 3444509 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma simulating the clinical course of acute cerebrovascular disease]. AB - Among 92 patients with chronic subdural haematomas operated on in the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy of Lodz eleven mimicked acute cerebrovascular disease-haemorrhagic stroke with subarachnoid haemorrhage in 6 and ischaemic stroke in 5. The authors discuss possible mechanisms of such unusual clinical presentation and stress the importance of neuroradiological procedures, especially CT-scan in all cases with initial diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3444510 TI - [Circulatory and respiratory disorders caused by increased intracranial pressure]. AB - In an experimental model the effect of increased intracranial pressure on respiration and circulation was studied. Infusions of varying volumes of fluid into the subarachnoid space over the convexity of the brain in the right parietal area were carried out, recording then changes in respiration and arterial blood pressure, heart rate and ECG, paying attention to arrhythmias and ischaemic myocardial changes. Intracranial pressure rise caused a sympathetic system response with increased arterial blood pressure, increased heart rate and various arrhythmias, even ventricular fibrillation. The observed ischaemic changes, even those suggesting electric gap presence, were reversible indicating absence of fixed structural changes. PMID- 3444511 TI - [Neuropathologic analysis of 8 undiagnosed cases of cerebral cysticercosis]. AB - The presented material comprised 17 cases observed in four Warsaw hospitals in a period of 20 years. Nine patients with the pseudotumour syndrome were diagnosed correctly and referred to neurosurgical services. The remaining eight cases died in neurological hospital departments with the following clinical diagnoses: cerebral stroke 3, subarachnoid haemorrhage 1, comatose state preceded by dementia 1, chronic meningoencephalitis 1, status epilepticus 2 cases postmortem investigations demonstrated cerebral cysticercosis in all cases. In four patients with predominant symptoms of cerebrovascular disease lesions were found of the type of residual vasculitis cysticercosa, the sequelae of which might have caused secondary complications independent of concomitant arteriosclerosis. Dementia appeared in a patient with huge hydrocephalus consequent to numerous cysticerci. The patient with the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis had an inflammatory reaction of the ependyma and meninges caused by a cysticercus floating in the IV ventricle. Of the patients dying in status epilepticus attention is called to a 6 year-old girl with a solitary cysticercus localised subcortically in the motor area. The authors suggest that the possibility of cysticercosis should be kept in mind, despite its rarity, in cases with a not completely clear clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular disease, chronic meningoencephalitis and epilepsy or dementia. PMID- 3444512 TI - [The role of catecholamines in selected diseases of the nervous system in children]. PMID- 3444513 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of a trans-sinus approach in the management of fractures of the anterior cranial fossa with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea]. PMID- 3444515 TI - [Blow-out fracture of the orbital floor in a patient with cerebellar concussion]. AB - The reported patient with contusion of the cerebellum complained also about diplopia on looking to the left and upwards. The latter complaint suggested the possibility of a blow-out fracture of the orbital floor with wedging-in of muscles. The patient had no signs of a direct orbital trauma, tomograms of the orbits demonstrated uneven floor of the left orbit. The test of passive movements of the eyeball confirmed this supposition. Surgical treatment was successful. PMID- 3444514 TI - [Occupational phosphine poisoning]. AB - The authors report their observations on late sequelae of phosphine poisoning. For 18 months after acute poisoning signs of nervous system damage persisted (objective changes, EEG abnormalities). PMID- 3444516 TI - [Meningeal cyst of the sacral canal with coexistent hernia of the nucleus pulposus L4-L5]. AB - The authors describe a female patient aged 46 years in whom a meningeal hernia developed in the sacral canal, probably after trauma in childhood but produced no neurological changes. After 40 years hernia of the nucleus pulposus developed at the L4-L5 level causing right-sided ischalgia and strong pains. After surgical treatment pains disappeared. PMID- 3444517 TI - [An hourglass-shaped enteric cyst of the cervico-thoracic region with extra- and intramedullary location]. AB - The authors report a case of a hourglass dysontogenetic tumour in a 7-year-old girl (enteric cyst) of the spine at the cervicothoracic region coexistent with a developmental anomaly of the spine and posture anomaly. Atypical symptoms (pains) suggesting a disease of the gastrointestinal tract or heart made the diagnosis very difficult. Contrast examination of the vertebral canal made possible a correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention. Microsurgical technique permitted the tumour to be removed radically. PMID- 3444518 TI - [Actinomycosis of the cerebellum]. PMID- 3444519 TI - [Aneurysms of the peripheral segment of the superior and inferior-posterior cerebellar arteries. Case reports]. AB - Two cases are reports in which aneurysms were found in the peripheral segments of the superior cerebellar artery and inferior-posterior cerebellar artery. The aneurysm was closed with a clip in the case of the aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery. In the second case the patient did not consent to the operation. PMID- 3444520 TI - Simple laboratory test of neuroendocrine disturbance in depression: 11 p.m. saliva cortisol. AB - Saliva cortisol was measured at 11 p.m. in a sample of 74 psychiatric inpatients composed of 24 primary endogenous depressives, 40 secondary depressives and 20 nondepressives (DSM III and Saint-Louis criteria). Primary depressives had significantly higher 11 p.m. saliva cortisol levels than nondepressives (p less than 0.02) and secondary depressives (p less than 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences between secondary depressive and nondepressive saliva cortisol levels. A saliva cortisol cutoff limit of 3.45 nmol/l identified primary depressives with a sensitivity of 62.5% and with a specificity of 75% in the depressive group, and 90% in the nondepressive group. The measurement of saliva cortisol at 11 p.m. could be used alone as a reliable and practical index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depression, especially in outpatients. PMID- 3444521 TI - Incidence of anxiety in the Lundby Study: changes over time during a quarter of a century. AB - 2,550 persons from a geographically delimited area in Sweden were examined and described by a team of 4 psychiatrists in 1947. Mental disorders, personality traits, social factors etc. were recorded for all but 1% of the population. Irrespective of domicile the same persons were examined in the same way first 10, then another 15 years later. The incidence of 'Anxiety' up to 60 years of age was 9.9% in men and 19.7% in women. The majority of both sexes had their first episode as young adults or in the younger middle age (30-39 years). Among men with a 'severe and medium' impairment, the cumulative probability of disease was higher in the 15-year period 1957-1972 than in the 10-year period 1947-1957. PMID- 3444522 TI - Thyroid function and reversal by antidepressant drugs of depressive-like behavior (escape deficits) in rats. AB - Several investigations have suggested that a special relationship exists between thyroid function and affective disorders and/or therapeutic response to antidepressants. The present study shows that the reversal by clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine and nialamide of depressive-like behavior in rats (escape deficits produced by previous exposure to uncontrollable stress) was markedly attenuated in hypothyroid rats (propylthiouracil, 0.05% in the drinking water). Conversely, the effect of these same antidepressants was significantly hastened in euthyroid rats given daily triiodothyronine. This supports the notion of intricate thyroid/CNS interactions in the mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3444523 TI - Sex hormones and cognitive functioning in men. AB - Blood and saliva samples were obtained from 117 healthy young men, following which radioimmunoassays were used to determine the serum concentrations of testosterone (Tser), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and the level of free testosterone (Tsal) in the saliva. The cognitive functioning was determined by five spatial and six verbal ipsative test scores, reflecting intra-individual variance in the performance of these tasks, independent of the person's general level of achievement. Within the normal physiological range of androgen levels- especially Tser and to a lesser extent DHT and Tsal--showed a significantly positive correlation with measures of spatial ability and field dependence independence and a significantly negative correlation with measures of verbal production. PMID- 3444524 TI - General anesthesia and postnarcotic sleep disorders. AB - Sleep rhythm can be influenced by narcotics and exogenous disturbances causing persistent insomnia, exhaustion and moodiness. In this study the influence of anesthesia on the patients' sleep during the first postoperative night was investigated. It was attempted to differentiate between the influences due to anesthesia, namely to surgery, and due to intensive care. In 10 patients with halothane narcosis, 12 patients with neuroleptanalgesia, 12 young patients and 12 patients more than 70 years of age with halothane/fentanyl anesthesia a sleep study was performed during the first postoperative night. Electrodes were placed according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen and Kales [US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Bethesda 1968]. The group of controls consisted of 10 healthy female volunteers, who had to sleep under identical conditions. The sleep stages were visually evaluated by criteria of Rechtschaffen and Kales [US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service, Bethesda 1968]. The disturbances by nurses did not, on the whole, interfere with the sleep rhythms of the 10 healthy volunteers: 4-5 REM phases and stage IV sleep were seen regularly. The patients had a maximum of 1 REM phase. Stage II sleep was reached after falling asleep and maintained for several hours. Stage III and IV were hardly seen in all patient groups. Geriatric patients showed the most obvious changes in their sleep. They were sleepless during 41.1% of the monitored period. Stage II was slightly reduced. Night sleep of patients after anesthesia is disturbed not only by intensive care unit conditions, but also by direct effects of narcotics and surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444525 TI - Red blood cell plasma Li ratio variability in affective patients. AB - In the light of the existence of controversial reports on the stability of Li ratio, we investigated a group of affective patients wishing to verify intraindividual stability of this parameter in the different phases of the disease, that is normothymia and manic and depressive episodes. We found lower Li ratios for the periods preceding any relapse. Further, we analyzed whether or not some epidemiological factors, such as polarity, sex, actual age, age of onset, might affect interindividual variability of the Li ratio. We found that they did not as single factors. Interaction between polarity and the presence of relapses appeared to significantly affect the Li ratio. PMID- 3444526 TI - Effect of acute hypoxia on myelin lipids. PMID- 3444527 TI - Effect of transient cerebral ischemia on the ultrastructure of the gigantocellular region of the medullary reticular formation in the rat. PMID- 3444528 TI - [Effect of short-term cerebral ischemia on the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei in rats]. PMID- 3444529 TI - [Secretory axons of the neurohypophysis of rats after resuscitation in clinical death]. PMID- 3444530 TI - [Ultrastructure of cerebral capillaries of rabbits in the perinatal period]. PMID- 3444531 TI - Effect of high ambient temperature and exercise on lipid peroxidation and phospholipid content in microsomes of rat brain and liver. PMID- 3444532 TI - A case of Meige's disease. Clinical and morphological study. PMID- 3444533 TI - [Paraneoplastic encephalitis syndrome]. PMID- 3444534 TI - [Radioisotope study of left ventricular function during exercise in patients with various degrees and sites of coronary obstruction]. PMID- 3444535 TI - [Myocardial infarction following radiotherapy at the level of the mediastinum]. PMID- 3444536 TI - [Usefulness of the ECG in the evaluation of left ventricular function in post acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3444537 TI - [Antiarrhythmic efficacy and tolerance of slow-release mexiletine in comparison with hydroquinidine retard]. PMID- 3444538 TI - [Dysfunction of the sinus node in a young subject without other cardiopathy]. PMID- 3444539 TI - [Inhibition of myopotentials in 179 unipolar pacemakers. Clinical evaluation and therapeutic indications]. PMID- 3444540 TI - [Incidence of autonomic neuropathies in young insulin-dependent patients. Absence of correlation with echocardiographic data]. PMID- 3444541 TI - [Comparison between halothane and isoflurane in surgical stress during anesthesia in children]. PMID- 3444542 TI - [Magnesium sulfate does not inhibit the increase in ocular tonus induced by succinylcholine]. PMID- 3444543 TI - [Anesthesia in the synthesis of fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly. Retrospective study of 287 cases]. PMID- 3444544 TI - [Analysis of complications in 606 central venous catheterizations]. PMID- 3444545 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the care activities developed in intensive care]. PMID- 3444546 TI - [Acute poisoning with solvents: chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons]. PMID- 3444547 TI - [Cortico-thalamic potentials evoked by phenylalanine in pain. Experimental research]. PMID- 3444548 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders following peritoneo-jugular shunt]. PMID- 3444549 TI - [Computerized management of data at a digestive endoscopy unit. Our experience]. PMID- 3444550 TI - [Gastric transit in workers exposed to risk of lead]. PMID- 3444551 TI - [Alkaline gastritis: a severe complication of gastric surgery]. PMID- 3444552 TI - [Evaluation of the effects of ranitidine on gastroduodenal motility in ulcer patients]. PMID- 3444553 TI - [Treatment with protein-sparing modified fasting (Nutroclin) in hospitalized obese non-diabetics and type II diabetics]. PMID- 3444554 TI - [Premature rupture of the membranes. Therapy and materno-neonatal prognosis. Our case series]. PMID- 3444555 TI - [Pathology of the umbilical cord as the cause of acute fetal distress during labor]. PMID- 3444556 TI - [Current indications for cesarean section. Remarks on case series observed at the Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of the University of Perugia (1980-1986)]. PMID- 3444557 TI - [Tubal sterilization by vaginal approach]. PMID- 3444558 TI - [Statistical colposcopic and cytobacteriological study. II]. PMID- 3444559 TI - [Does colpo-cysto-urethro-rectography have a role in the diagnosis of urinary stress incontinence in women?]. PMID- 3444560 TI - [Cyclopyroxalamine: preliminary considerations on the use of a new non-imidazole antifungal agent in infectious genital pathology]. PMID- 3444561 TI - [Complications of labor induction by intravenous infusion of oxytocin]. PMID- 3444562 TI - [Preliminary experiences in the use of danazol in minimal doses in the treatment of dysfunctional menometrorrhagia]. PMID- 3444563 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of an ergotamine derivative in labor]. PMID- 3444564 TI - Nutrition in the 1980s. AB - The 1970s were a decade of achievement in child nutrition in Britain. Substantial changes in infant feeding practices occurred and they were followed by measurable improvements in child health. The 1980s have not maintained this momentum. Infant nutrition is often still seen solely in terms of the breast/bottle debate. Doubtful practices, such as the use of skimmed milk and goats' milk early in life, have become more common. Many weanlings still experience frank nutritional deficiencies. For the 1990s there are 3 priorities: effective continuing measurements of the state of nutritional health in British children are required; among the many methods for promoting nutritional wellbeing health education is vital but professionally we need to deliver the same not conflicting messages; mechanisms for applying any method must acknowledge that nutrition is only one aspect of child health to be promoted and that other agencies such as the food industry and central government can make a valuable contribution when we all act in concert. PMID- 3444565 TI - Nails at the workplace. PMID- 3444566 TI - A day in the life of ... a senior house services supervisor. PMID- 3444567 TI - A day in the life of an OHN. PMID- 3444568 TI - A day in the life: South African OHN. PMID- 3444569 TI - Training for health? PMID- 3444570 TI - The effect of chemicals on reproduction. PMID- 3444571 TI - The infertile woman. PMID- 3444572 TI - [Use of contact lenses in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with refractive errors]. PMID- 3444573 TI - [One necessary condition for selecting optimal eyeglasses]. PMID- 3444574 TI - [Causes of dissatisfaction with corrective eyeglasses of patients with aphakia]. PMID- 3444575 TI - [Various characteristics of visual work at close distance in presbyopia and the possibilities of its correction]. PMID- 3444576 TI - [Various principles of the optical correction of school myopia]. PMID- 3444577 TI - [Effect of optical correction on the development of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in children with hypermetropia]. PMID- 3444578 TI - [Complex use of bifocal sphero-prismatic eyeglasses and optic-reflector training in the treatment of patients with myopia]. PMID- 3444579 TI - [Current problems of the surgical treatment of congenital cataract in children]. PMID- 3444580 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the refractive media of the eye]. PMID- 3444581 TI - [Results of using dimexide phonophoresis in endogenous iridocyclitis]. PMID- 3444582 TI - [Characteristics of ocular hemodynamics in patients with sclerotic macular dystrophies and its changes after therapy]. PMID- 3444583 TI - [Problem of tortuosity of retinal vessels]. PMID- 3444584 TI - [Optic biometry of the cornea. Objective measurement of convergent exophoria, muscular balance, the ACA-coefficient and visual fatigue of the eyes]. PMID- 3444585 TI - [A method of refractometry]. PMID- 3444586 TI - [A simple method of verifying the correct centering of eyeglass lenses using a mirror ophthalmoscope]. PMID- 3444587 TI - [A digital thermometer for contact thermometry]. PMID- 3444588 TI - [Removal of non-magnetic foreign bodies from deep layers of the cornea using cyanoacrylate glue]. PMID- 3444589 TI - [A microdrilling machine for the treatment of the cornea in cases of superficial foreign bodies]. PMID- 3444590 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary retinal detachment]. PMID- 3444591 TI - [Remote results of drug therapy and surgical treatment of far-advanced glaucoma]. PMID- 3444592 TI - [Ambulatory care of patients with (surgically treated) glaucoma]. PMID- 3444593 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the scales of a coral fish, Chelmon rostratus. PMID- 3444594 TI - Quantitative study of the heart in staged human embryos in stage 17. PMID- 3444595 TI - The influence of cholinergic agents on the testis of weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus). PMID- 3444596 TI - A case study of the mesiolingual randtubercle on the second maxillary molar in the Chewa dentition. PMID- 3444597 TI - Continuing corneal endothelial loss in intracapsular surgery with and without Binkhorst four-loop lenses: a long-term specular microscopy study. AB - We analyzed pre- and postoperative corneal endothelial photographs of 17 intracapsular cataract extractions (ICCE) with Binkhorst four-loop intraocular lens (IOL) eyes and found 11.6% mean cell loss at 2 months (previously reported by Hirst et al) increasing to 42.4% after 5 years (p less than 0.05) and 51.8% at 7 years. Eleven ICCE eyes without IOLs similarly examined showed a 15.6% mean cell loss at 2 months (previously reported by Hirst et al), increasing to 33.4% at 5 years (p less than 0.005, paired t-test). Our results appear to indicate long-term continuing cell loss after ICCE, both with and without Binkhorst four loop iris clip IOLs, and statistically significant greater cell loss (p less than .001, unpaired t-test) with IOLs than without. PMID- 3444598 TI - Alteration of trabecular aqueous flow after cataract extraction. AB - Two human eyes that had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction were perfused with cationized ferritin. In both eyes segmental areas of trabecular meshwork collapse were demonstrated superiorly, adjacent to the cataract incision. Electron-microscopic study of these regions disclosed no labeling of the trabecular beams and trabecular spaces, suggesting impermeability to aqueous flow. In other regions, a diffuse labeling with cationized ferritin was demonstrated throughout the trabecular spaces, indicating aqueous flowthrough. Use of corneoscleral sutures may cause trabecular collapse and impermeability. When the collapse is extensive, subsequent increase in intraocular pressure may follow. PMID- 3444599 TI - Comparison of optic disc features in low-tension and typical open-angle glaucoma. AB - This study was undertaken to identify features of optic nerve head architecture that might explain, in part, why ganglion cell loss occurs in patients with low tension glaucoma. We compared retrospectively the disc photographs of 25 patients with low-tension glaucoma with those of 26 control patients with typical open angle glaucoma. No differences were observed in any of the following features: pore length, shape, or size variation; cup/disc and disc/arteriole ratio; clock positions of total rim loss; central retinal vessel entry site; rim pallor; number of rim-crossing vessels; and presence or absence of peripapillary nerve fiber layer hemorrhages, optic pits, and central retinal vessel canals. An hour glass appearance of connective tissue bundles within the scleral lamina cribrosa, however, was present statistically less often in patients with low-tension glaucoma (p = 0.007). We speculate that the microscopic arrangement of fiber bundles within the lamina cribrosa may play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of low-tension glaucoma. PMID- 3444600 TI - A new technique of treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using the Q switched Nd:YAG laser. AB - In eyes with retinal detachment and a horseshoe break, vitreous traction on the retina has been relieved by severing the flap of the break with the aid of the Q switched Nd:YAG laser. The retina often flattens in eyes with shallow retinal detachment after this treatment; the breaks then can be sealed off with argon laser. In cases of retinal detachment treated with expanding gas, fewer recurrences were observed when vitreous traction had been relieved by Nd:YAG laser treatment. PMID- 3444601 TI - Strengthening the weak superior oblique muscle. AB - Tucking of the superior oblique tendon is an effective strengthening procedure, but it invariably results in at least transient postoperative Brown's syndrome. This complication may be avoided by using a modification of the Harada-Ito procedure, in which the entire superior oblique tendon is advanced anterolaterally without disinsertion or resection. The operation is easy to perform and may be used with adjustable sutures if desired. PMID- 3444602 TI - Exposure keratitis following cataract surgery on the fellow eye. AB - Two patients developed exposure keratitis in the nonoperated eye during intraocular surgery under local anesthesia. These cases demonstrate that potentially serious injuries may occur to the fellow eye even with the use of local anesthesia and that special precautions should be taken to avoid this problem. PMID- 3444603 TI - Conjunctival melanoma in Africa. AB - Malignant melanoma of the eye and adnexa is rare in blacks. A highly unusual malignant melanoma of the tarsal conjunctiva in an adult Ethiopian female, believed to be the first reported in a black patient, is described. Factors that contribute to melanoma in blacks and rates of occurrence are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3444604 TI - Back-flush bipolar diathermy needle. AB - We have developed a back-flush needle with a built-in capability for endodiathermy. This new instrument can both aspirate blood and coagulate the bleeding vessel. PMID- 3444605 TI - Modification of an irrigation/aspiration handpiece to provide visual and tactile orientation of the aspiration port. AB - To perform extracapsular cataract extraction safely the surgeon must know the orientation of the aspiration port of the irrigation/aspiration handpiece at all times. I have modified a commercially available irrigation/aspiration handpiece to allow visual and tactile orientation of the aspiration port even when it is obscured by iris, blood, or cortex. PMID- 3444606 TI - Scleral reinforcement: two case reports. PMID- 3444607 TI - Perforation of the globe during injection of local anesthesia. PMID- 3444608 TI - The control of Parafilaria bovicola transmission in South Africa. AB - Ivermectin treatment of all cattle on a badly infected farm failed to interrupt the transmission of P. bovicola, even though ovipositional blood spots were drastically reduced in numbers for an entire summer season following treatment. Regular weekly to fortnightly dipping of all cattle in 50 ppm deltamethrin immediately reduced vector fly numbers to less than 1 fly per cow face. Sustained dipping for 9 months effectively reduced P. bovicola transmission from approximately 50% to less than 2%. However, cessation of fly control led to a return to predipping P. bovicola infection levels. Ovipositional blood spot counts and the ELISA technique for evaluating P. bovicola infection in a herd were compared and were both effective methods. Best results for the blood spot method, however, are obtained in spring at the peak of the bleeding season whereas the ELISA method does not have this limitation. PMID- 3444609 TI - The persistence of colostral Anaplasma antibodies and incidence of in utero transmission of Anaplasma infections in calves under laboratory conditions. AB - Twenty-six calves, born from 25 Anaplasma-infected, intact and splenectomized cows, from a herd kept under strict tick-free laboratory conditions, were monitored for the presence of Anaplasma antibodies, using the rapid card agglutination test. Serum was collected at birth, weekly for 12 weeks, and then monthly for approximately 6 months. Specific antibodies passively acquired could be detected in calf sera for an average period of 8 weeks after birth. Calves that remained positive for longer than 12 weeks were suspected of having contracted in utero infections. Infection of the calves was confirmed by splenectomy. It was concluded that 4 calves in Group I contracted in utero infections. Two of the dams were chronically infected, whilst the other 2 underwent acute primary reactions during the 1st and 2nd trimesters of gestation, respectively. Subsequently all calves born from infected cows in this tick-free herd were serologically screened before being splenectomized at an average age of 8 months. Out of 50 cows, 8 in utero infected calves were identified serologically and this finding was confirmed through splenectomy or subinoculation of blood. Both Anaplasma centrale and Anaplasma marginale were carried transplacentally. Splenectomized and intact cows, chronically infected or undergoing primary reactions during the 1st, 2nd or 3rd trimester of gestation, produced infected calves. A 15,6% incidence of in utero transmitted infections were observed amongst 77 calves under these conditions. None of the 13 splenectomized cows, undergoing primary A. centrale infections during gestation, aborted. Clinical signs of disease were not observed in any of the 12 in utero infected calves prior to splenectomy. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3444610 TI - An investigation into the clinical pathological changes and serological response in horses experimentally infected with Babesia equi and Babesia caballi. AB - Serologically negative horses, as determined with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), were infected with Babesia equi and 60 days later with Babesia caballi. The only clinical signs of disease observed in these animals were a febrile reaction and slight icterus. Haematological changes included a drop in haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration, as well as lowered platelet counts. The serum concentrations of albumin, iron and phosphorus were lowered. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin and fibrinogen concentrations were observed. Antibody titres were determined with the IFA and complement fixation (CF) tests. Antibodies to B. equi were first detected between Days 10-19 and 12-38 with the IFA and CF test, respectively, while the corresponding IFA periods for B. caballi were 6-8 days after infection. The parasitaemia of both B. equi and B. caballi infections never reached the 1% level. PMID- 3444611 TI - The incidence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in cattle in the Transvaal. AB - With the use of the complement fixation test, 8,900 cattle were tested for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii. These were randomly selected from 178 different farms in 37 districts in the Transvaal. The percentage of cattle in the sample with positive antibody titres was equal to 7.78%, with a standard error of 0.28%. Because of the large size of the sample, asymptotic normality can be relied upon and the population confidence interval calculated. This was found to be greater than or = 0.07 and less than or = 0.085 at a 99% confidence level. Hence we are 99% confident that between 7% and 8.5% of the cattle in the Transvaal had antibodies to Coxiella burnetii during the period March 1985 to July 1986. The proportion of cattle with C. burnetii antibodies was also estimated for each of the 37 districts tested. Every district tested had some evidence of C. burnetii. The percentage of positive titres ranged from less than 1%-30% per district. This suggests that C. burnetii is probably an endemic disease of the cattle population of the Transvaal. A higher proportion of cattle had antibody titres in the central and south-eastern parts of the Transvaal. This distribution may be linked to the distribution of Boophilus species ticks which occur in the same areas of the Transvaal. PMID- 3444612 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXII. Ixodid ticks on domestic dogs and on wild carnivores. AB - Ixodid ticks were collected from 4 dogs on smallholdings near Grahamstown, eastern Cape Province, on 1 or more occasions each week for periods ranging from 9-36 months. Fourteen tick species were recovered and the seasonal abundance of adult Haemaphysalis leachi and adult Rhipicephalus simus was determined. Complete collections of ticks were made from 50 caracals (Felis caracal) in the Cradock, Graaff-Reinet and Southwell regions in the eastern Cape Province. The animals from Cradock and Graaff-Reinet harboured 13 ixodid tick species. The caracals from Southwell were infested with 11 tick species and the seasonal abundance of Ixodes pilosus on these animals was determined. A small-spotted genet (Genetta genetta), 1 bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), 1 aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) and 6 black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) from various localities in the eastern Cape Province were examined for ticks and 9 species were collected. Complete tick collections were made from a side-striped jackal (Canis adustus), 2 wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), a spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), a several (Felis serval), 2 African civets (Civettictis civetta), 2 leopards (Panthera pardus) and a lion (Panthera leo) in the Kruger National Park in the north-eastern Transvaal. Twelve ixodid tick specis were recovered from these animals. PMID- 3444613 TI - Afrotropical Culicoides: a redescription of C. (Avaritia) kanagai Khamala & Kettle, 1971, reared from elephant dung in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. AB - The discovery of Culicoides kanagai in South Africa represents a new record for this species. The female is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. Culicoides (A.) dasyops Clastrier, 1958 is shown to be closely related to it but C. (A.) alticola is only superficially related. Short notes on the larval habitat of C. kanagai, the dung of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana, are given. The dung of both the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum, and the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, is considered to be a possible alternative site for the immatures of C. kanagai. PMID- 3444614 TI - Seasonal abundance of carrion-frequenting blow-flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Kruger National Park. AB - Monthly population fluctuations of carrion-frequenting blow-flies over a 24-month period were monitored using 2 carrion-baited traps in the southern Kruger National Park (KNP) and 3 in the northern KNP. All species displayed a clear seasonality. Chrysomyia marginalis and Chrysomyia albiceps were by far the most abundant. C. marginalis attained maximum abundance between November and March, with relatively low numbers present between May and September. C. albiceps maintained high population numbers between January and March in the northern KNP, with minimum numbers between May and August. In the southern KNP, C. albiceps became abundant from November to February, with low population levels between April and September. Although present only in relative low numbers, populations of Lucilia cuprina showed a clear increase in winter. Chrysomyia chloropyga, Chrysomyia putoria and Chrysomyia bezziana were trapped in significant numbers in the southern KNP, the latter 2 species reaching relative abundance in the warmer months, whereas C. chloropyga increased in cooler months from June to September. Graphic illustrations of monthly abundance are provided for all species. PMID- 3444615 TI - Broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. II. The direct measurement of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures in the closed chest domestic fowl. AB - A technique for the catheterisation of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of the domestic fowl is described. Mean peak systolic, minimum diastolic and mean pressures measured in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of a group of clinically normal broilers housed at a medium altitude of 1,300 m were 24.3; 8.1; 17.8; 25.0; 22.1 and 22.3 mm Hg respectively. The pulmonary artery pressures are different from those reported elsewhere using the open chest technique. These differences are possibly due to both the effect of opening the thoracic cavity and the hypoxic pressor effect at this altitude. PMID- 3444616 TI - The occurrence of Schistosoma mattheei in the south-western Transvaal. AB - To determine whether Schistosoma mattheei is present in the south-western Transvaal, sixty habitats were searched for the intermediate host snail, Bulinus africanus. Ten populations of this snail were located, 2 of which were infected with S. mattheei. Eggs of one of these isolates, originating from a spring in the Mooi River, were examined with an optical microscope. Scanning electron micrographs of the teguments of adult male worms and the terebratorial membranes of miracidia are described. These parasites are morphologically similar to some previously described from another habitat in the same geographical area and both populations can be regarded as typical S. mattheei. PMID- 3444617 TI - The colonization and life-cycles of Musca lusoria, Musca xanthomelas and Musca nevilli, vectors of Parafilaria bovicola in South Africa. AB - Thriving, permanent colonies of Musca xanthomelas and later of Musca nevilli were successfully established. However, because of the low reproduction potential of Musca lusoria a small colony only was kept for a limited period until life-cycle studies were completed. Larvae were reared on fresh dung from cattle fed lucerne, while in general adults were fed 0.3% citrated ox-blood, whole milk powder, sugar crystals, fresh dung and water. M. nevilli could be colonized only when ox-liver was substituted for ox-blood. A comparison of the life-cycles of M. lusoria and M. xanthomelas under laboratory conditions at a constant temperature of approximately 27 degrees C, 60% R.H. and 24 h illumination revealed major differences between these 2 vector species. M. lusoria deposits single larvae at intervals of approximately 2 days and a female can produce up to 27 in her life time. An M. xanthomelas female can lay up to 4 batches of eggs, with as many as 33 eggs per batch, at intervals of approximately 5 days. A single female can produce a maximum of 94 eggs. M. lusoria, however, showed survival advantages over M. xanthomelas in that its larvae reached the pupal stage at least a day sooner and its adults survived more than twice as long. The life-cycles of M. xanthomelas and M. nevilli were similar in the laboratory, except for adult dietary requirements. The mean number of mature oocytes in the ovaries of M. nevilli, however, was only 15.7 compared with 26.1 in M. xanthomelas. PMID- 3444618 TI - The demonstration of the K-antigen of Campylobacter fetus venerealis using a microtitre agglutination test. AB - Using specific antisera prepared against heat-treated and untreated cells in a microtitre system, 7 strains of Campylobacter fetus venerealis were examined for the presence of K-antigen. The technique was effective for distinguishing between strains and it was found that 4 out of 7 isolates contained microcapsules, therefore being potentially suitable for vaccine production. PMID- 3444619 TI - Pathological findings in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis in dogs. AB - The gross and histopathological lesions of 10 cases in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis amongst dogs in the Republic of South Africa are reported. The 10 cases were classified as acute (1 case), subacute (7 cases) and chronic (2 cases) on the basis of the nature, degree and extent of the following histopathological fractures: hepatocellular fatty degeneration, necrosis or regeneration; proliferation of bile ductules; accumulation of bile within the canaliculi; fibroplasia; and, mucoid degeneration, necrosis or segmental atrophy of the larger intrahepatic bile ducts. Fatty degeneration was noted grossly in the livers of all 10 cases and bile stasis in 4. Varying degrees of fibrosis were present depending on the stage of the disease. In the 2 chronic cases in which nodular regeneration was also observed fibrosis was pronounced. Other macroscopic findings included icterus, anaemia, ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, anasarca, pulmonary oedema, gastro-enterorrhagia and nephrosis. PMID- 3444620 TI - Cardiac glycoside poisoning in sheep caused by Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak. and the isolated physodine A. AB - Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak., a species closely related to or possibly synonymous with U. pusilla, is described and its distribution given. Four bufadienolides were isolated from U. physodes and the approximated LD50 and cumulative effect of some of them determined in guinea pigs. The most toxic one proved to be mildly cumulative. Typical signs of acute cardiac glycoside poisoning, involving the locomotory, gastro-intestinal, respiratory and cardiac system, were seen in the field cases and/or were experimentally induced by the plant. Similar signs could also be induced by injecting the isolated bufadienolide, physodine A, to a sheep. PMID- 3444621 TI - Experimental evidence that the active principle of the poisonous plant Thesium lineatum L.f. (Santalaceae) is a bufadienolide. AB - The toxicity of Thesium lineatum is confirmed in sheep. A toxic crystalline bufadienolide, with the suggested trivial name thesiuside, has been isolated from it. This is the first cardiac glycoside to be isolated from a member of the Santalaceae. The toxin appears to have no cumulative effect and the symptoms of intoxication and pathology in sheep are similar to that expected from acute cardiac glycoside intoxication. PMID- 3444622 TI - The use of meso-erythritol sensitivity discs in the typing of Brucella strains. AB - Sensitivity discs containing 1 and 2 mg meso-erythritol were found to give comparable results to the use of meso-erythritol incorporated into growth medium at 1 and 2 mg/ml. The discs proved easy and efficient when used in a disc ring together with benzyl penicillin and streptomycin sulphate discs. PMID- 3444623 TI - The isolation of a paramyxovirus from pigeons in South Africa. AB - A paramyxovirus was isolated from diseased pigeons, submitted to the Poultry Section of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, for post-mortem examination. The mean death time for the isolates was determined to ascertain the virulence of the virus. Infectivity trials showed that the paramyxovirus was non virulent for 60- and 4-week-old chickens infected by the intraocular and intratracheal routes. PMID- 3444624 TI - The transstadial transmission of Babesia caballi by Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. AB - Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi larvae were fed on the ears of rabbits. Seven days after larval infestation, unfed, newly moulted nymphae were manually removed to infest a splenectomized donkey showing a patent Babesia caballi infection. Engorged nymphae were collected from the donkey and the ensuing adult ticks were placed on a susceptible horse. The horse contracted a B. caballi infection showing a prepatent period of 19 days after tick infestation. A very low parasitaemia, (highest score 2), which was patent for only 10 days, was recorded. The lowest packed cell volume recorded was 16%. PMID- 3444625 TI - [Clinical variants of osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine]. PMID- 3444626 TI - [Intradisk pressure dynamics in different types of fractures of the vertebral body]. PMID- 3444627 TI - [Importance of anterior spondylodesis and rigid posterior fixation of the spine for blocking vertebral bodies (experimental research)]. PMID- 3444628 TI - [Validation of methods for the surgical treatment of flaccid paralysis of the quadriceps femoris]. PMID- 3444629 TI - [Treatment of axial deformities and shortening of the extremities due to dyschondroplasia]. PMID- 3444630 TI - [Treatment of children with posttraumatic varus deformities of the elbow joint]. PMID- 3444631 TI - [Anatomico-functional symptom complex of the initial stage of Perthes' disease]. PMID- 3444632 TI - [Osteosynthesis methods in the replantation of the fingers and segments of the hand]. PMID- 3444633 TI - [Extra-abdominal desmoid in children]. PMID- 3444634 TI - [Determination of the degree of deformity in compression fractures of the vertebral body in children]. PMID- 3444635 TI - [Result of using Harrington-type distractors in spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 3444636 TI - [A case of dislocation of the coccyx]. PMID- 3444637 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the bones of the forearm and hip using a bundle of pins in children]. PMID- 3444638 TI - [A method for determining the preliminary extent of the elongation of the Achilles tendon in equinus set of the foot]. PMID- 3444639 TI - [A method for the quantitative evaluation of the total amount of mineral components in bony tissue by photon absorptiometry]. PMID- 3444640 TI - [Linked fracture-dislocations in the thoracic and lumbar spine]. PMID- 3444641 TI - [Status and means for improving the care of patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3444642 TI - [Socioeconomic aspects of the problem of infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3444643 TI - [Organization of primary prosthesis in amputations of the lower extremities for injuries]. PMID- 3444644 TI - [Study of smell and taste in alcoholics]. PMID- 3444645 TI - [Correlations between the results of the treatment of laryngeal cancer and the degree of morphological malignancy of the tumor]. PMID- 3444646 TI - [Familial occurrence of congenital defects of the external ear]. PMID- 3444647 TI - [Tarflen tubes used in drainage of the tympanic cavity]. PMID- 3444648 TI - [Problem of the treatment of sudden deafness of unknown etiology]. PMID- 3444649 TI - [Time factors in the rehabilitation of hearing and speech disorders]. PMID- 3444650 TI - [A case of hemorrhage from the aorta in a patient after laryngectomy]. PMID- 3444651 TI - [Atelectatic-retractive changes in the middle ear in children]. PMID- 3444652 TI - [Giant cell reparative granuloma of the maxilla]. PMID- 3444653 TI - [3 cases of giant lymphangiomas of the neck]. PMID- 3444654 TI - [Blue sclera syndrome]. PMID- 3444655 TI - Severe acute lower respiratory infections in Gunung Wenang General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia. PMID- 3444656 TI - Clenbuterol in childhood bronchial asthma. PMID- 3444657 TI - Haematological problems of patients at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. PMID- 3444658 TI - Experience with biliary atresia patients in Jakarta. PMID- 3444660 TI - Coronary heart disease: animal fat on trial. PMID- 3444659 TI - Paralytic poliomyelitis. PMID- 3444661 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: using the biochemical profile. AB - The biochemical profile is an important extension of clinical evaluation and should include widely applicable tests for this purpose. Interpretation of results requires a proper understanding of what constitutes normality and abnormality and a knowledge of how changes may occur. The pathologist has a major responsibility in advising on interpretation in different clinical situations. This requires a familiarity with artefactual and drug-induced changes and a thorough knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease processes. PMID- 3444662 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: fine needle aspiration cytology. AB - Fine needle aspiration cytology is now a recognised and well established technique. The procedure is simple and relatively non-invasive. It is cost effective, and may significantly reduce diagnostic delay. It is particularly indicated in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasia, both primary and metastatic. It is also suitable for identification and culture of infective agents. In addition, certain other benign lesions and non-neoplastic conditions may be recognised. The contraindications and complications are few. The limitations of the procedure are related to the nature, site and size of the lesion. The accuracy of the procedure is also influenced by the adequacy of the aspirator's technique as well as the experience and skill of the pathologist. PMID- 3444663 TI - Angiomatosis: a vascular malformation of infancy and childhood. Report of 17 cases. AB - Angiomatosis is a complex vascular malformation of infancy and childhood consisting of proliferating blood vessels with accompanying mature fat and fibrous tissue, lymphatics and sometimes nerves, that may involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle and occasionally bone; lesions are non encapsulated with poorly defined infiltrative borders. Treatment is surgical, with local recurrence being common. We report 17 cases of angiomatosis presenting in children. Recurrences occurred in 10 patients, with multiple recurrences occurring in four. One child was treated with foot amputation followed two years later by mid-thigh amputation in an attempt to control local disease. Histology in all cases showed a mixture of small and medium-sized blood vessels, fat, connective tissue and lymphatics; nerves were increased in several cases. All lesions showed nests of proliferating capillaries, arranged in a lobular pattern, pushing into adjacent muscle and fat. This appearance was not seen in a large comparison group of vascular soft tissue lesions, and may serve as an indicator of angiomatosis with its associated risk of recurrence. PMID- 3444664 TI - Melanoma in Western Australia in 1980-81: incidence and characteristics of histological types. AB - All cutaneous malignant melanomas diagnosed in Western Australia in 1980-81 were reviewed and classified according to histological type (i.e., superficial spreading melanoma, Hutchinson's melanotic freckle melanoma (lentigo maligna melanoma), nodular melanoma and melanoma of unclassifiable type). The most common invasive melanoma was superficial spreading melanoma with an incidence rate of 14.3 per 100,000 person-years in females and 9.0 in males. It most commonly affected the trunk in males and the lower limbs in females and showed a peak incidence in middle life. Invasive Hutchinson's melanotic freckle melanoma was much less common than invasive superficial spreading melanoma (1.8 per 100,000 person-years in both sexes), occurred most commonly on the head and neck and increased progressively in incidence with age. Nodular melanomas were more frequent in men (4.5 per 100,000 person-years) than women (2.0). They were thicker than other types of invasive melanomas, showed more mitotic activity and had less evidence of regression. Their site distribution was similar to that of superficial spreading melanoma. In women the pattern of incidence with age was also similar to that of superficial spreading melanoma. In men it was more like that of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle melanoma. Melanomas of unclassifiable type did not have distinctive epidemiological features common to both sexes, although the trunk was the site most commonly affected in both men and women. With some exceptions the patterns of occurrence of in-situ lesions were similar to those of the corresponding invasive lesions. Benign melanocytic naevi were found less often in association with Hutchinson's melanotic freckle (melanoma) (6%) and nodular melanoma (9%) than with superficial spreading melanoma (22%) or melanoma of unclassifiable type (34%). PMID- 3444665 TI - Fibroadenomatosis (fibroadenomatoid mastopathy): a benign breast lesion with composite pathologic features. AB - A benign breast lesion with the composite histologic features of a fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes has been referred to previously as fibroadenomatosis or fibroadenomatoid mastopathy; this lesion is distinct from the typical well circumscribed fibroadenoma that may have fibrocystic changes. The purpose of our study was to ascertain the frequency of this change among 200 consecutive breast biopsies and excisions with a coded pathologic diagnosis of fibroadenoma and/or "fibrocystic disease"; we identified these changes in 23 (11.5%) specimens. The lesion was characterized by microscopic fibroadenomatoid foci intermingled with dilated ducts, epitheliosis, and adenosis. It is suggested that fibroadenomatosis is yet another pattern in the complex morphologic spectrum known as benign proliferative breast disease. From our experience, this particular lesion was often appreciated as a unique finding, but the appropriate diagnostic designation was in question. The natural history of fibroadenomatosis is essentially unknown. It may represent a morphologic stage in the development of fibroadenoma(s). PMID- 3444666 TI - Regenerative atypical squamous metaplasia in fibreoptic bronchial biopsy sites--a lesion liable to misinterpretation as carcinoma on rebiopsy: report of 5 cases. AB - Regenerative atypical squamous metaplasia at the site of a previous bronchial biopsy can be mistaken for carcinoma on rebiopsy. Five cases are reported, in three of which an erroneous diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma led to unnecessary surgical resection. PMID- 3444667 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. AB - A women presented at the age of 22 with anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and a mediastinal shadow. At thoracotomy she had enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes which displayed histological features typical of angiofollicular hyperplasia. Marrow plasmacytosis was present. She developed diabetes mellitus at the age of 29 yrs after she had received oral steroid treatment for one year. The nephrotic syndrome supervened another year later. Her kidneys were enlarged before the onset of diabetes. The glomerular changes included a marked increase of mesangial matrix and segmental hypercellularity. The association of the nephrotic syndrome and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia is extremely rare and their interrelation remains enigmatic. PMID- 3444668 TI - [Methodological approaches to the search for pharmacological agents effective in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia]. PMID- 3444669 TI - [The development of pathological physiology during the years of Soviet power]. PMID- 3444670 TI - [Pathophysiological characteristics of a number of electrophysiological and biochemical indices of the cerebral cortex neurons in cats exposed to strychnine]. PMID- 3444671 TI - [Inhibitory mechanisms of the electroacupuncture effect]. PMID- 3444672 TI - [Characteristics of the adaptive reactions of the body in dogs under stress in conditions of hypercatecholaminemia]. PMID- 3444674 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum in relation to the status of vertebrobasilar blood filling in the early period of cervical spine trauma]. PMID- 3444673 TI - [Antishock effectiveness of anabol in irradiated animals]. PMID- 3444675 TI - [Leukocyte functional activity in acute posthemorrhagic anemia]. PMID- 3444676 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the phosphatase activity of blood leukocytes and wound exudate during the healing of aseptic and infected wounds in an experiment]. PMID- 3444677 TI - [A method for measuring the volume of small organs]. PMID- 3444679 TI - [Our experiences with the pathomorphologic evaluation of biopsy specimens from the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3444678 TI - [Bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle in patients with malignant proliferative diseases of the lymphatic system]. PMID- 3444680 TI - [Type and prevalence of histopathologic changes of the rheumatoid synovial membrane in adults with chronic disease]. PMID- 3444681 TI - [Epithelial cyst of the papillary muscle of the left heart ventricle]. PMID- 3444682 TI - [Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney in a man with chronic acquired porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 3444683 TI - [Pathomorphologic picture of megakaryocytic leukemia based on the analysis of 2 autopsy cases]. PMID- 3444684 TI - [Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine]. PMID- 3444685 TI - [Evaluation of the status of mineral nutrition of children with phenylketonuria treated by a low-phenylalanine diet. II. Zinc]. PMID- 3444686 TI - [Effectiveness of hormonal treatment of goiter in adolescents from selected areas of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region]. PMID- 3444687 TI - [Generalized infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci]. PMID- 3444688 TI - [Changes in the indicators of physical development of Warsaw children aged 1-36 months during the last half-century]. PMID- 3444689 TI - [Trichothiodystrophy]. PMID- 3444690 TI - [Characteristics of the diastolic and systolic functions of the left ventricle in children with rheumatic defects]. PMID- 3444691 TI - [Echocardiographic parameters in healthy preschool and schoolchildren]. PMID- 3444692 TI - [Age-related changes in central, peripheral and cerebral blood circulation in young children]. PMID- 3444693 TI - [Microcirculation in children with scleroderma]. PMID- 3444694 TI - [DNA level in the nuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3444695 TI - [Characteristics of hydrolysis and absorption of carbohydrates in premature children]. PMID- 3444696 TI - [Autonomic disorders in children in the late residual period of perinatal encephalopathy]. PMID- 3444697 TI - [Clinical polymorphism of progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3444698 TI - [Catamnestic studies of boys with a history of mumps orchitis]. PMID- 3444699 TI - [Value of the analysis of surface-active properties of expired air condensate in children with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 3444700 TI - [A method of tubeless duodenography in children]. PMID- 3444701 TI - [Rational diagnosis and controlled therapy of disorders of hemostasis in children]. PMID- 3444702 TI - [Disorders of thrombocytic hemostasis and their correction with trental in severe forms of acute intestinal infections in children under 1 year of age]. PMID- 3444703 TI - [Toxic paralysis of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3444704 TI - [A case of Chlamydia infection in a 6-month-old child]. PMID- 3444705 TI - [Immunologic correlations in newborn infants with pneumonia with changed premorbid conditions]. PMID- 3444706 TI - [Serum IgE levels in acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs in young children]. PMID- 3444707 TI - [Diagnostic value of liquid-crystal thermography in the early detection of diseases of the digestive system in children]. PMID- 3444708 TI - [Use of Essentiale in chronic persistent hepatitis in children]. PMID- 3444709 TI - [Long QT syndrome as a risk factor of sudden death in children]. PMID- 3444710 TI - Antigranulocyte antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - Antigranulocyte antibodies were studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The frequency and type of the antibodies were identified with ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and MGCT (microgranulocytotoxicity test). To check antibody specificity, a LCT (lymphocytotoxicity test) was used parallel with the above technique. The ELISA proved to be suitable for determining antigranulocyte antibodies. There was a correlation between the serum level of IgG-type antigranulocyte antibodies and granulocytopenia, but the IgM type antigranulocyte antibodies failed to show a similar correlation. A good parallelism was found between MGCT--a test to be used to determine IgM-type antibodies--and the IgM-type antigranulocyte antibodies determined by ELISA. Of 25 SLE sera, 13 were found positive for antigranulocyte antibodies. LCT was used to examine the presence of HLA antibodies in these sera and 39% of the sera positive for antigranulocyte antibodies appeared to be granulocyte-specific while 61% reacted in the LCT, too. PMID- 3444711 TI - Hypothyroidism and the heart. Examination of left ventricular function in subclinical hypothyroidism. AB - For revealing whether cardiac performance is changed in subclinical hypothyroidism, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a value characterizing left ventricular function, was studied in this clinical state. The results were compared to those obtained in euthyroid subjects and patients with overt hypothyroidism. In a part of subclinical cases, there is a subnormal resting LVEF, which on isometric exercise, increases, but to a lesser extent than in euthyroid controls. In overt hypothyroidism resting LVEF is considerably lower than in euthyroid and subclinically hypothyroid subjects and its value does not respond to exercise. There has been evidence that heterogeneous subclinical hypothyroidism is an intermediate state between euthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism; the majority of patients are euthyroid, a part of them, however, based on systolic time intervals and LVEF studies, are suspect of developing 'tissue' hypothyroidism, although their serum thyroid hormone level is still within normal limits. PMID- 3444712 TI - Effect of exercise on left-ventricular systolic time intervals in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Left-ventricular systolic time intervals measured at rest and after submaximal exercise were analysed in 156 patients with positive exercise test results and in 219 healthy volunteers with negative exercise test results. The patients were suffering with high probability, from coronary heart disease. The healthy subjects as well as the patients were divided into five groups on the basis of the submaximal exercise loads tolerated by them. Load of 30 W was taken as starting point. At rest, the patients had shorter ejection times (LVET) and total electromechanical systolic times (QS2), and longer preejection periods (PEP) and isovolumetric contraction times (ICT), than the healthy subjects. The PEP/LVET ratio for the patients was higher than that for the healthy subjects. In groups of the same tolerance to work, exercise induced less pronounced decreases in PEP and PEP/LVET values and more pronounced decreases in QS2 and LVET values in the patients than in the healthy subjects. PMID- 3444713 TI - Correlation between blood pressure and the level of monoamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral haemorrhage. Case reports. AB - The correlation between the noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from the cerebro ventricular space and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of two patients with cerebral haemorrhage were investigated. Significant correlation was found between CSF NA, CSF DA level and systolic BP in case I. There was no correlation between CSF catecholamine levels and diastolic BP and between serotonin level and BP. Significant correlation was observed in case II between CSF DA level and diastolic BP. There was no correlation between CSF serotonin level and BP. These results suggest that CSF catecholamines might play some role in the regulation of BP. PMID- 3444714 TI - Endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of benign stenosis of the papilla of Vater. AB - Of 921 endoscopic sphincterotomies (EST) performed by the authors, 110 (12%) were done for benign stenosis of papilla of Vater. Based on these data, they consider the possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in the stenosis of papilla. One of the conditions for the diagnosis of papilla stenosis is the detectability of dilated biliary tract by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. But this cannot be taken as a specific sign because, e.g., the biliary tract may become dilated in spite of normal sphincter tone after gall-bladder removal. At the same time, biliary tract dilation is a diagnostic criterion for papilla stenosis, and abnormal findings in biliary scintigraphy and the laboratory syndrome consistent with cholestasis cannot be avoided. EST is the method of first choice in the treatment of papilla stenosis in comparison to surgery. The complications of EST, however, occur in papilla stenosis more frequently than in choledocholithiasis (8.8%). Bleeding and cholangitis are responsible for the excess incidence. PMID- 3444715 TI - Drug hepatitis of cholestatic type in association with a FAC-regimen for breast cancer. AB - The case of a 36 year old patient in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in February 1983 is reported. At the time of the diagnosis bone metastases, were already present. Therapy was started on the basis of a FAC-regimen (Ftorofur-, Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide), where after the patient developed clinical and laboratory signs of hepatic lesion. At the time of the first FAC-course the suspicion of viral hepatitis of cholestatic type was raised; HBsAg was consistently negative. In the 3rd week after completion of the second FAC-course clinical signs of cholestatic hepatitis with high fever and leucopenia of increasing severity were suggestive of drug-induced hepatitis. Cyclophosphamide was incriminated, therefore, this component was omitted from the subsequent FAC-course. Nevertheless, the clinical manifestations reappeared in a more pronounced form. This time, too steroids were administered, with beneficial effect. In view of the complaints pointed to bone-metastases further cytostatic treatment, Vepesid monotherapy was started, but after the first course the patient developed hepatitis and died. Necropsy revealed, in addition to extensive bone-metastases, microscopic signs of drug-induced hepatitis. The types of liver damage caused by the cytostatic agents used in this study are reviewed. No hepatitis has been reported in connection with these drugs (Adriamycin + Ftorofur or Vepesid) thus far. The diagnostic criteria of drug-induced hepatitis are outlined. It is pointed out that with the eves more extensive use of cytostatic therapy a growing incidence of this complication should be taken into account. PMID- 3444717 TI - [Vive la pediatric radiology!]. PMID- 3444716 TI - [Where is radiopediatrics going?]. PMID- 3444718 TI - [Evolution of the communicative function]. AB - This presentation of recent developments in child language research attempts to show that communicative competence is not built solely upon purely linguistic foundations. The development of communicative competence cannot be considered to begin with the first words. There is a growing body of evidence showing that functional communication appears long before the child's first uses of meaning bearing sound sequences based on the adult language. Adult-child interaction, both during prelinguistic and early linguistic stages, provides an essential framework upon which verbal communication is based. The acquisition of what can be considered as pragmatic competence, necessary for all communication, begins from the birth. PMID- 3444719 TI - [Gastroduodenojejunitis disclosing Crohn disease in a child]. AB - In a 12-year-old girl, a duodenojejunitis associated with systemic manifestations led to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Continuous enteral alimentation and steroid-therapy has induced remissions of the acute disease. PMID- 3444720 TI - [Trial of indirect screening of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency]. AB - The possibility of an early diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency among hyperphenylalaninemic infants, when specific screening tests cannot be performed, was evaluated. Three tetrahydrobiopterin deficient patients, two with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency and one with dihydrobiopterin synthetase deficiency were examined together with their parents and compared with twelve phenylketonuric patients, their parents and sixteen normal subjects. The parameters considered in the hyperphenylalaninemic patients (degree of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia, phenylalanine lowering speed in response to a restricted diet, dietary tolerance to phenylalanine, oral phenylalanine load) were found to be insufficiently or lately indicative. By contrast, heterozygosity tests (molar ratio (Phe)2/Tyr and sigma discriminant function) performed on the parents allowed a suspicion of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, the definite diagnosis being of course based upon specific investigations. PMID- 3444721 TI - [Transplantation of the small intestine]. PMID- 3444722 TI - The public perception of science (6): The perceptions and conceptions of children. PMID- 3444723 TI - Letter recognition at low contrast levels: effects of letter size. AB - Contrast variation was used to measure recognition thresholds for lowercase letters, with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the role that early stages of visual processing play in letter recognition. Frequency-of-recognition curves were measured for alphabets of different letter size. Since variation of the adaptational state of the eye changes the characteristics of primary visual processing in a quantifiable way, recognition thresholds were measured both at a high (150 cd m-2) and at a low (0.9 cd m-2) adaptation level. Thresholds decreased as letter size increased, in a way comparable with data on visual acuity. At the lower adaptation level, recognition thresholds became higher, which is also in accordance with visual acuity data. Furthermore, the slopes of the frequency-of-recognition curves for alphabets as a function of log contrast decreased with decreasing letter size. It is argued that this is mainly caused by an increasing dispersion of internal representations of individual letters on the internal psychological scale as letter size decreases. PMID- 3444724 TI - Spatial factors in visual attention: some compensatory effects of location and time of arrival of nontargets. AB - It is well established that the identity of nontarget events may affect reaction to a target event, but that spatial separation between the two will reduce such an influence. Two experiments are reported in which an attempt was made to distinguish between two accounts of this effect. On one, some of the information about events spatially distant from the target is shut out from analysis altogether. On the other, such events are fully analysed, but either the analysis proceeds more slowly or else it starts only after a delay. In the experiments the time of arrival of, and the distance between, the target and nontarget events were systematically varied. The conventional effects of the distance of nontargets from target were greatly reduced when the target and nontarget events were asynchronous. If the nontargets arrived first, they had an effect on reaction to the target whether they were near to or far from it. If they arrived second, their identity had no effect at either separation. These results appear to rule out any simple view of attention according to which information outside the target region is denied analysis. Rather, distant nontarget events are analysed, but produce their effects at a later time than less peripheral events. PMID- 3444725 TI - Attention-dependent visual capture in double vision. AB - When the visual image of a body part, such as a finger, is doubled by a prism, the 'felt' position of that body part is captured by one of its visual images. Moving eye fixation from one to the other visual image is accompanied by a quick shift of the felt position. When focal attention is dissociated from foveation, the former determines visual capture. These new observations underline an active role of focal attention in intersensory integration and sensory-motor coordination of body parts. PMID- 3444726 TI - The hidden face of Kanizsa's triangle: apparent movement of subjective figures in three-dimensional space. AB - Several demonstrations on the apparent movement in depth of subjective figures are presented. They include: (a) apparent rotational movement as a result of shape invariance or rigidity; (b) apparent rotational movement with three dimensional subjective figures not accompanied by a brightness gradient; and (c) apparent rotational movement by kinetic occlusion. PMID- 3444727 TI - Dependence of apparent movement of a subjective figure on the perceptual fate of inducing elements. AB - In a series of demonstrations, two stimulus frames that contained subjective figures were alternated. It is shown that the perception of apparent movement of a subjective figure depends upon the configuration of the inducing stimuli and whether or not conditions of presentation favor the short-range or long-range process in apparent movement. Those conditions that favor the long-range process result in global apparent movement of the subjective figure. However, those conditions that favor the short-range process may prevent apparent movement of the subjective figure, or may result in a kind of apparent movement that is qualitatively different from that seen when similar physical contours are alternated. These results are interpreted in terms of the assumed differences between the short-range and long-range processes. PMID- 3444728 TI - Subjective rarefaction in illusory figures: the inadequacy of apparent lightness as an explanation. AB - Apparent rarefaction in subjective figures seems to violate the principle of size scaling. It has been claimed that this anomaly is due to a difference in illusory lightness which counteracts the expected effect of illusory depth. Qualitative evidence is presented that neither illusory lightness nor illusory depth have a relevant part in the phenomenon. An alternative account, in which contrast and size are shown to play major roles, is presented and discussed. PMID- 3444729 TI - Further studies of the Cafe Wall and Hollow Squares illusions. AB - The effect of varying the contrast on the apparent convergence is measured for both the Cafe Wall and the Hollow Squares (Taylor-Woodhouse) illusions. The apparent convergence is dependent on the contrast, and also on the size of the stimulus, and varies in the same way for both illusions. This strengthens the argument that the illusions are not independent, as Taylor and Woodhouse originally claimed. McCourt has discussed brightness induction as a basis of the Cafe Wall illusion. Consideration of this theory leads to some interesting examples of interactions of the two illusions, and to a further, very strong, variation of the illusion in a real-life situation. PMID- 3444730 TI - Effects of orientation-selective adaptation on the Zollner illusion. AB - The model of inhibitory interaction between orientation detectors was examined by prolonged presentation of grating patterns (which was expected to induce orientation-selective adaptation) before measurement of the Zollner illusion. Adaptation effects were measured under conditions which excluded intrusion by the tilt aftereffect. In experiment 1, illusion magnitude greatly decreased only when the orientation of the adapting grating was the same as that of the inducing lines, which confirmed the first prediction deduced from the model. There was no effect of adapting grating when it was oriented more than 20 degrees away from the inducing lines. In experiment 2, adaptation effects were selective not only to orientation but also to spatial frequency. In experiment 3 it was shown that illusion reduction was mediated neither by lowered apparent contrast of the inducing lines nor by retinal adaptation. The results are discussed with respect to the nature of adaptation and possible physiological correlates. PMID- 3444731 TI - A model of empty duration perception. AB - An attempt to construct a general theory of duration perception is presented. First, four experiments are reported in which the supplement hypothesis, on the relation between two or three empty durations, was examined: the subjective duration of a subjectively empty time interval is directly proportional to its physical duration plus a constant of approximately 80 ms. This hypothesis could be applied to the ratio judgments of auditorily marked empty durations between 40 and 600 ms given serially. It could also explain the discrepancies between musically notated rhythms and the corresponding physical performed rhythms in very simple rhythm patterns consisting of three tones. Next, three earlier experiments on discriminations of empty durations marked by sound bursts were also reanalyzed. Within the range 40-600 ms, the absolute just noticeable difference of an empty duration was almost directly proportional to the standard duration plus a constant of about 80 ms. If the supplement hypothesis is accepted, this means that the relative just noticeable difference of the subjective duration was constant. Finally, the processing time hypothesis is presented: subjective duration is directly proportional to the physical time required to process the given empty duration. This processing is considered to begin with the detection of the first marker, and to end approximately 80 ms after the detection of the second marker. PMID- 3444733 TI - Why there is no error in the direct theory of perception. AB - According to Gibson's direct theory, perception is an achievement, not a process. Perceptual error, therefore, is the failure to perceive. Taken in isolation, this assertion leads to implausible consequences, but taken together with other assertions of Gibson, it may be understood, without contradiction, to mean that there is no absolute error in perception. Whether perception is successful or not is determined by the context in which the perceptual act occurs. PMID- 3444732 TI - Perceptual and task factors in fluent braille. AB - Hypotheses that fluent braille depends (i) on coding letters by global outline shape for all task and speed levels, or (ii) on lateral dot-gap density scanning in fast reading for meaning were tested with three groups of fluent braillists who differed in reading speeds. In experiment 1, 90 degrees-rotated (near to far) texts under vertical and horizontal finger orientation were used. Hypothesis (i) was not supported. Finger orientation interacted significantly with Speed and Task. Vertical finger orientation, which disrupts lateral scanning, slowed reading for comprehension more than for letter search, and differentially more for faster readers. Horizontal finger orientation, which instead disrupts the familiar finger-body relation, did not have differential effects. The findings support hypothesis (ii). In experiment 2, normal texts and texts containing a degraded dot in some letters were used. These are felt in searching for individual letter patterns, but would disrupt lateral scanning of expected dot gap density patterns in reading for meaning. The results supported the predictions from hypothesis (ii), that degraded texts slow reading for meaning significantly more than for letter search, and more in the case of faster readers than for the slowest group. Findings were not consistent with hypothesis (i), which predicts that text degradation affects tasks equally, and affects the slowest rather than the fastest readers. The results suggest that perceptual coding in reading differs with task demands and speed. PMID- 3444734 TI - The Gollin incomplete figures test: a flexible, computerised version. AB - The Gollin incomplete figures test has been used as a measure of visual development, as a clinical test for parietal cortex dysfunction, and to examine long-term memory in amnesic patients. It has traditionally been administered by using a series of three or five stimulus cards, successive cards containing progressively more information. A study is reported in which digitised outline drawings of familiar objects were presented via a computer, the percentage of the figure on the screen slowly increasing from 0 to 100. The original findings of Gollin were successfully replicated; children's performance on the task improved markedly over the age range 2-5 years, and performance improved dramatically over three tests in all subjects. Computerisation of the Gollin task provides a precise and versatile alternative to the original card version. PMID- 3444735 TI - Evaluation of dyspnea using the exercise test. PMID- 3444736 TI - [Effect of polstigmine on the status of the respiratory muscles and pulmonary function in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3444737 TI - [Diagnostic value of the analysis of SIgA and SC levels in secretions from the lower respiratory tract]. PMID- 3444738 TI - [Results of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to the rural or urban environments of patients]. PMID- 3444739 TI - [Mediastinal hernia]. PMID- 3444740 TI - [Anti-alpha-gliadin antibodies. Sensitivity, specificity and correlation with blood xylose test in the 3 diagnostic stages of celiac disease in children]. AB - The specificity and sensibility of IgA and IgG alfagliadin antibody test (AaGA) for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of childhood coeliac disease has been evaluated. We have compared AaGA test to D-xylose blood test and at last we have examined the false positive and negative results given by the test. Two groups of subjects were considered: 1) 90 children with untreated coeliac disease (21 newly diagnosed (I stage), 50 in gluten withdrawal (II stage), 19 in challenge (III stage); 2) 255 disease controls including: 157 healthy controls; 31 children with gastroenterological disorders other than coeliac disease; 31 children with food allergy and atopic dermatitis; 36 children with "constitutional" short stature (without GH deficiency and with normal intestinal mucosa). The sensibility of AaGA test in the first stage of coeliac disease has been of 95.2% for the IgG class antibody and 90.4% for the IgA class; on the other hand the showed a specificity of 83.6% for IgG class antibody and 96.9% for IgA class. In only two newly diagnosed coeliac children we have found false negative results: in the first case the patient was IgA-deficient, in the second the age was above 3 years. AaGA IgA resulted positive only in the 12.9% of the group of gastroenterological and atopic controls; particularly most cases were affected by multiple food allergies and two patients by chronic autoimmune disease of small intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444741 TI - [Food allergy in asthma. Diagnostic significance of peripheral eosinophils]. AB - Thirty one patients with suspicion of asthma due to food allergy (lack of correlation between allergic sensitivity and asthmatic attacks, association of clinical features suggestive of food allergy, no response to the pharmacological treatment) received an elimination diet. A second group (control group) of 51 asthmatic patients were enrolled in the study for a better evaluation of the diagnostic significance of blood eosinophil counts in food-induced asthma. 29-31 patients who took a variable oligoallergenic diet had a baseline blood eosinophilia greater than 600/mm3 (range 600-2100/mm3). Eosinophil count after an appropriate diet showed an early significant fall which preceded the improvement of symptoms. Only 10 patients had not a valuable improvement from the diet. The post diet change of spirometric values was significant. There was no significant difference between subjects with an eosinophil count greater than 1000/mm3 vs. less than 1000/mm3 with regard to both inhalant and food skin prick tests. On the other hand, the group with blood eosinophilia greater than 1000/mm3 had a significant correlation with the presence of persistent asthma (persistent alteration of forced expiratory volumes verified in asymptomatic phases of the disease) as with the anamnestic or actual report of eczema or other clinical manifestations of food allergy. Blood eosinophil count showed to be essential in the management of patients with a suspicion of asthma due to food allergy. PMID- 3444742 TI - [Hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus. Correlations with allergy to milk proteins and atopy]. AB - We performed a study concerning the relationship between hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), atopy and cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Familial history of atopy was documented in 17 (44.7%) of 38 infants having undergone Ramstedt pyloromyotomy for HPS, in 12 (23%) of 52 infants having undergone surgery for inguinal hernia and in 53 (26.9%) of 290 normal controls (significant differences between HPS and other groups). Moreover 9 (23.6%) of 38 infants with HPS presented personal history of eczema at follow-up compared with 3 (5.7%) infants having undergone surgery for inguinal hernia (p less than 0.01). A significant difference between HPS and other groups was also found when looking for familial history of CMPA: 26.3% vs % and 2.5% respectively (p less than 0.001). Eventually we discovered a higher than expected incidence of CMPA both in a retrospectively evaluated group of HPS and in 24 infants undergone Ramstedt pyloromyotomy and followed according to a standardized protocol for a mean period of 4 months (16.6%). The etiology of HPS remains obscure. Our data however suggest some relationship between HPS, atopy and particularly CMPA. PMID- 3444743 TI - [Ability of patients with type 1 diabetes in estimating their own blood glucose levels]. AB - This study was designed to assess the accuracy of self fasting blood sugar (FBG) estimation in young patients with IDOM, and to determine whether intensive self monitoring of FBG would improve the accuracy of blood sugar estimation. 37 subjects (11-19 years old, diabetics from 1 to 12 years) were studied during a 9 days educative diabetic camp. Patients were asked to guess their FBG immediately before it was analyzed with a Glucometer. The correlation between actual and estimated glycemia was 0.625 (p less than 0.01). The percent-error of estimation actual FBG--estimated FBG/actual FBG x 100 was within 30% in 55% of determination (523). There was a significant positive correlation between the absolute error of estimation and the duration of IDDM (r = -0.29; p less than 0.026) and the day of measurements (r = -0.27; p less than 0.05), but not the age of children, HbAlc levels and the hour of determination. The absolute error progressively reduced during the camp: the mean value was 62.50 +/- 55.37 mg% (n = 34) in the first day, 26.52 +/- 17.99 (n = 24) (t = 2.82; p less than 0.01) in the last day. 4 patients, in 5 estimations failed to discriminate hyperglycemia (estimated FBG less than 50 mg% versus actual FBG greater than 100 mg%) and 6 patients in 17 estimations failed to discriminate hypoglycemia (estimated FBG greater than 100 mg% versus actual FBG less than 50 mg%). CONCLUSIONS: in our study diabetic patients are accurate in guessing their FBG. They nearly always identified hyperglycemia but not always hypoglycemia. An intensive self monitoring of FBG improves the accuracy of FBG self estimation. PMID- 3444744 TI - [Initial experiences in the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in Guillain-Barre Strohl syndrome]. AB - The Authors demonstrate the successful therapeutic results obtained in two cases of Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome treated intravenously with high dosages of intact immunoglobulins. The possible immunological mechanisms behind this therapy are then discussed. The Authors believe that this treatment could very positively influence the prognosis of this disease. PMID- 3444745 TI - [Recent findings on pathology caused by Campylobacter and Yersinia. Preliminary results of an epidemiologic study on a pediatric population in Florence]. AB - The authors, after a review of the literature concerning Campylobacter and Yersinia infections, report the preliminary results of an epidemiologic study carried out in florentine territory based on the stool-cultures of children with acute diarrhoea in the years 1984-85-86. From the dates results that in florentine territory too, Campylobacter isolation is second only to Salmonella isolation, as we can find in other searches++ of literature. Therefore the conclusion is that these two microorganisms, from "emergent" have become as interesting as to be investigated as routine practice. PMID- 3444746 TI - [Airborne pollen on the Romagna coast]. AB - Data are reported of a study on airborne pollen diffusion carried out in the area of Cesena (Emilia Romagna) during the years 1984-85-86 to create a pollen calendar. The seasonal trend of Graminacee, Fagacee, Betulacee, Chenopodiacee, Urticacee, Oleacee, Composite, Plantaginacee, Salicacee concentration has been investigated using the method of daily, weekly and mobile mean which provides the elimination of interferences brought about by atmospheric phenomena. PMID- 3444748 TI - [Post-transfusional AIDS]. AB - Two cases of post-transfusional AIDS in two premature babies who received blood of the same seropositive donor, are reported. The risk of the susceptibility to HIV infection of these patients, in relation to the immaturity of immune system and to the transfusional treatment often necessary in premature newborns, is stressed. PMID- 3444747 TI - [Ewing's sarcoma in preschool children. Description of 6 cases]. AB - Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is rarely diagnosed in the pre-school age; these few cases however present a number of difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The Authors describe a series of six such cases aged less than 4 years diagnosed in the period 1974-1987. Standard treatment was modified with the purpose to reduce acute toxicity and late sequelae. These modifications are described in details. Four/6 patients are presently alive disease-free from 29 to 87 months from diagnosis (median, 34 months). Two patients died from acute toxicity. The Authors suggest that young children with ES may be treated successfully with proper adjustments of current protocols. Increased aggressiveness of chemotherapy regimens may compensate for reduced radiotherapy; however, the high susceptibility to infection of youngsters has to be taken into account and makes mandatory a careful monitoring during phases of profound myelodepression. PMID- 3444749 TI - [Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. AB - The authors report a case of Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens Touraine syndrome). Diagnosed at the age of 2 months. PMID- 3444750 TI - [Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Description of a case]. AB - The Authors describe a case of Batten-Bielschowsky disease and how they made the diagnosis. It's stressed the importance of the pathological examination, in the absence of any laboratory tests for the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 3444751 TI - [Recurrent meningitis. Description of a case in a girl with dermal sinus]. AB - The authors describe a case of recurrent meningitis in a child with a dermal sinus. All the conditions causing this severe pathology are considered, particularly those in the pediatric age. The surgical treatment of the congenital malformation gave a complete resolution of the recurrent infections. PMID- 3444752 TI - Excretion of flurbiprofen into breast milk. AB - The extent of flurbiprofen's excretion into mature (postcolostrum) breast milk was evaluated in 10 healthy, nursing mothers after administration of a single 100 mg tablet. Samples of milk and blood were subsequently obtained over a 48-hour period and assayed for flurbiprofen by high-performance liquid chromatography. The average peak plasma flurbiprofen concentration, 15 micrograms/ml, occurred at 1.5 hours, and the harmonic mean half-life of the drug was 5.8 hours. The average peak milk concentration of flurbiprofen was 0.09 microgram/ml, and the maximum recovery of the dose in breast milk was only 0.07%. PMID- 3444753 TI - Short-term hemodynamic effects of intravenous methyldopa in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous methyldopa were studied in six patients with chronic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV) at 4-6 hours after a 750-mg bolus (period A) and 6-12 hours after a maintenance infusion of 1-2 mg/minute (period B). For period A, the most consistent and striking finding was a significant (48%) fall in pulmonary wedge pressure (33 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 2 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). Stroke volume increased 39% (23 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 4 ml/m2; p less than 0.05), while peripheral vascular resistance decreased 15% (3331 +/- 363 to 2841 +/- 241 dynes.s.cm-5; p less than 0.05). Heart rate fell from 97 +/- 7 to 76 +/- 3 beats/minute (p less than 0.05) with a nonsignificant decline in mean right atrial pressure (18 +/- 4 to 9 +/- 1 mm Hg). These hemodynamic changes were either sustained or enhanced during period B. Concomitant clinical improvement was also noted. As an agent with potent vasodilatory and antiadrenergic properties, methyldopa permitted a rise in stroke volume by virtue of unloading and possible inhibition of sympathetic activity that led to increased density of beta-adrenergic receptors of the heart (up regulation). Significant reduction of ventricular filling pressure was attributed to venodilation and probable improved diastolic function. In selected patients with severe congestive heart failure, particularly underscored by excessive sympathetic tone, methyldopa may be considered as an alternative agent to improve cardiac performance and clinical symptomatology. PMID- 3444754 TI - Effect of temperature on the cutaneous phototoxic reaction to 8-methoxypsoralen in human skin. AB - Phototoxic erythema in human skin resulting from topical 8-methoxypsoralen (8 MOP) + UVA exposure was examined at different skin temperatures. Increased skin temperature resulting from radiant or conductive heating during UVA exposure decreased the ensuing phototoxic response. Preheating the skin for 30 min prior to UVA exposure caused a greater decrease in phototoxicity. PMID- 3444755 TI - UVB treatment of factitious urticaria. AB - Forty-three patients with factitious urticaria were treated with sub-erythematous doses of UVB 5 times weekly for 2-3 weeks. After an average of 13 treatments, 25 were free from symptoms, 14 improved and 4 were unchanged. The dermographism test was negative or considerably reduced after treatment. Most of the patients had permanent effects from the treatment, but 13 relapsed. As the effect of other treatment modalities in this disorder is unsatisfactory, the encouraging results documented in this clinical trial suggest that UVB therapy should be considered for patients with factitious urticaria. PMID- 3444756 TI - Topical hematoporphyrin plus UVA for treatment of alopecia areata. PMID- 3444757 TI - Routine photopatch testing with tiaprofenic acid. PMID- 3444758 TI - Plasmapheresis in solar urticaria. PMID- 3444759 TI - [Problems in the surgical treatment of patients with kidney failure]. PMID- 3444760 TI - [Atracurium requirement in surgical patients with normally functioning kidneys and in those with terminal renal failure]. PMID- 3444762 TI - [Hemodialysis treatment in the perioperative period]. PMID- 3444761 TI - [Surgical problems associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3444763 TI - [Prevention and management of postoperative oliguria]. PMID- 3444764 TI - [Problems of the surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3444765 TI - [Skin changes in hepatitis]. PMID- 3444766 TI - [Glutamate dehydrogenase in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3444767 TI - [Risk of infection with hepatitis B virus in the personnel of selected hospital departments]. PMID- 3444769 TI - [Prevention of porphyria]. PMID- 3444768 TI - [Serological markers of hepatitis B in clinical practice]. PMID- 3444770 TI - [Idiopathic occlusive inflammation of small hepatic veins complicated by peliosis hepatis in a 27-year-old woman]. PMID- 3444771 TI - [Usefulness of the pharmacological dipyridamole test in the diagnosis of exercise induced angina pectoris]. PMID- 3444772 TI - [Effect of oxygen administration on the type and incidence of arrhythmia in patients with chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3444773 TI - [Natural course of ischemic heart disease: comparison of 2 regions of Warsaw]. PMID- 3444774 TI - [Use of delayed-action nitrate preparations in the treatment of heart failure]. PMID- 3444775 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of the QT interval in healthy persons]. PMID- 3444776 TI - [Idiopathic spontaneous nocturnal enuresis. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3444777 TI - [Diurnal water balance in children with idiopathic spontaneous nocturnal enuresis]. PMID- 3444778 TI - [Dynamics of anxiety in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 3444779 TI - [Acute renal failure of unknown etiology: a disputable case]. PMID- 3444780 TI - [A form of acute glomerulonephritis with few symptoms]. PMID- 3444781 TI - Sarcoidosis in children: differentiation from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sarcoidosis is rare in young children, and is characterized by skin, joint, and eye changes. Differentiated clinically from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) by milder constitutional symptoms and characteristic joint abnormalities, sarcoidosis is confirmed by demonstrating noncaseating granulomas in skin, conjunctival, or synovial biopsies. Recent reports have shown children with features of both sarcoidosis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, some with similarly affected family members. We cared for four children with sarcoidosis and severe joint manifestations. Two had a personal or family history of JRA. Three of the four children had ichthyosiform cutaneous manifestations, which may suggest an association between severe joint disease and ichthyosiform changes. Because of the difficulty in making a diagnosis on clinical grounds alone, biopsy of cutaneous lesions is recommended in children with these symptoms. PMID- 3444782 TI - Hydroa vacciniforme with inflammatory keratitis and secondary anterior uveitis. AB - A 6-year-old boy had numerous episodes of hydroa vacciniforme. Several of these episodes were accompanied by an anterior uveitis with corneal clouding and stellate keratic precipitates. Wearing sunglasses prevented new eye lesions from developing despite recurrences of skin lesions. Phototesting on facial skin revealed reproduction of skin lesions with ultraviolet B but not ultraviolet A. One should be aware of eye involvement in hydroa vacciniforme, and children who experience this form of photodermatitis should have a careful eye examination and be advised to wear protective sunglasses. PMID- 3444783 TI - Follicular atrophoderma with scrotal tongue. AB - Follicular atrophoderma has been associated with a variety of findings. In our patient's family the disease was present in the mother and all of her living children. Scrotal tongue was also found in all but one child. We think that follicular atrophoderma is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 3444784 TI - Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma in children. AB - A 15-year-old boy had a tumor in his right thigh of two years' duration. A diagnosis of endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of childhood was made. This condition was first categorized as a low-grade malignancy in 1969, and was called malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of the skin in childhood. Microscopically, the neoplasm is characterized by intravascular proliferation with glomerularlike appearance. The cells are small and regular, with ovoid or round nuclei; some of them show hyperchromasia and pyknosis. For the superficial form we prefer to avoid the use of the word "malignant" due to the usually good prognosis after surgical treatment. PMID- 3444785 TI - Congenital infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. AB - We treated a newborn who had congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection in which extensive skin lesions occurred with no evidence of involvement of other organs. The correct diagnosis was not made until the fifth day of life, but after effective treatment with intravenous acyclovir this child has remained in perfect health. At his last evaluation at age 18 months, he had no neurologic or ophthalmologic abnormalities. This report should alert pediatricians and dermatologists to the occasional occurrence of herpes simplex virus infection in apparently healthy neonates and the importance of making an early diagnosis so that death and severe handicap can be avoided. PMID- 3444786 TI - Umbilical polyps. AB - We report three patients, ages 5 years, 3 years, and 4 days, with umbilical polyps. In the third child the polyp was associated with an umbilical enteric fistula. An umbilical polyp is the result of incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric duct and becomes apparent after the umbilical cord is detached. It is a reddish tumor of a few millimeters; it seldom bleeds or is exudative. We consider it important to study every case in detail in order to exclude possible underlying embryologic anomalies such as Meckel's diverticulum and umbilical enteric fistula. PMID- 3444787 TI - Cutaneous fungal infections associated with prolonged treatment in humidified oxygen hoods. PMID- 3444788 TI - Hair bands in facio-genito-popliteal syndrome. A never before described hair anomaly. PMID- 3444789 TI - The Farber lecture. Prenatal and perinatal death: the future of developmental pathology. AB - It seems evident that most of "humanity" dies before, not after birth and that perhaps only one-third survive from earliest beginnings until birth or the end of the first year of life. As many as 50% of all human ova may have a chromosome abnormality with over 99% mortality, making this type of genetic defect not just the commonest cause of death prenatally and the cause of a substantial proportion of the malformations of abortuses and fetuses, but the commonest cause of death in humans altogether. This study, along with numerous studies before it, is the most convincing justification for doing autopsies on pre- and perinatally dead embryos and fetuses. With appropriate supervisory collaboration from a university pediatric pathology unit, such studies can be done efficiently at secondary-care centers, including some in rather remote locations. Thus, there exists no excuse anymore for not doing such studies which, in a high proportion of cases, will give the parents and attending physicians an explanation of the events and observed abnormalities with a chance in all cases at correct diagnostic and genetic counseling, appropriate monitoring of the next pregnancy, and an improved possibility of population monitoring for teratogens and substantial increases in the mutation rate. These immediate benefits to patients and the quality of medical care are the major, but not the only, justification for doing fetal pathology. Literally thousands of new discoveries still await the investigator with a prepared mind and will afford many research opportunities to those with an interest in normal and abnormal human development. And if it can be resolved in present-day pathology training programs how to attract greater numbers of interested residents and fellows into the field and to motivate them to take the additional training to become expert in developmental and genetic analysis, then "developmental" pathology will be facing a very bright future indeed. PMID- 3444790 TI - Intestinal aganglionosis: a histologic and acetylcholinesterase histochemical study. AB - Varying results have been reported with the use of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) staining to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease in rectal suction biopsy. We analyzed the histology and AchE staining of rectal biopsies from 10 patients with documented intestinal aganglionosis and 57 patients with ganglionic bowel. The results show that histologic identification of submucosal ganglion cells is reliable in excluding Hirschsprung's disease and that the absence of ganglion cells in an adequate suction biopsy is highly suggestive of intestinal aganglionosis. Four AchE staining patterns were recognized; the staining patterns overlap in some patients who have and some who lack ganglion cells. The AchE staining pattern did not correlate with sex or age of the patients, or with the length of the aganglionic segment. The acetylcholinesterase stain is not a reliable method of making or excluding a diagnosis of intestinal aganglionosis except when AchE-positive fibers are increased in both the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. This AchE staining pattern occurred in 6 of our 10 patients with Hirschsprung's disease. In addition, eight segments of aganglionic colon were studied that included 2 cases of total colonic aganglionosis in which hypertrophic, AchE-positive nerve fibers were absent in all layers of bowel wall. This last finding suggests that an abnormality in the preganglionic cholinergic fiber or extrinsic neuron is involved in the pathogenesis of this unusual form of total colonic aganglionosis. PMID- 3444791 TI - Mineral oil embolization and lipid pneumonia in an infant treated for Hirschsprung's disease. AB - A 5-month-old infant girl with Hirschsprung's disease died 1 month after colostomy as a result of mineral oil embolism and lipid pneumonia. She had received multiple mineral oil enemas and irrigations as treatment for impacted stools. Mineral oil peritonitis was present on the surface of the bowel adjacent to the stoma and covered large portions of the surface of the liver and spleen. There was 600 cc of slightly cloudy and bloody peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal exudate contained bacteria that were associated with only a minimal inflammatory reaction. This case calls attention to a previously unreported complication of the use of mineral oil. PMID- 3444792 TI - Cloacal dysgenesis with urethral, vaginal outlet, and anal agenesis and functioning internal genitourinary excretion. AB - Cloacal dysgenesis, a rare anomaly, occurs in female infants when the Mullerian system differentiation fails to delineate the genitourinary and lower alimentary tracts. Embryologically, the dating of the lesion can be traced to a point between 4 and 5 weeks into gestation. The exact mechanism is usually not known. We observed an infant with cloacal dysgenesis involving urethral, anorectal, and vaginal outlet obstruction. Minimal hydronephrosis, absence of hydroureters, and pulmonary hypoplasia are all related to the cloacal dysgenesis. PMID- 3444793 TI - Focal giant-cell cardiomyopathy. AB - A newborn with supraventricular arrhythmia diagnosed during fetal life was found at autopsy to have a small nodule with hypertrophic and multinucleated myocardial cells in the atrial septum, near the atrioventricular node. There were no stigmata of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or tuberous sclerosis. This focal giant cell cardiomyopathy has been described only once, in an infant with Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome. It is suggested that these dysplastic myocardial cells may be responsible for the atrial arrhythmia and that this hamartomatous lesion has the potential for malignant transformation. PMID- 3444794 TI - Invasion and destruction of neoplastic tissue by "normal" tissue. PMID- 3444795 TI - The pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3444796 TI - Disappearing hypercalcaemia. AB - Four women presented with symptomatic hypercalcaemia and raised concentrations of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). In each case, serum calcium returned spontaneously to normal. In two patients serum PTH also fell to the normal range and biochemical relapse has not occurred despite prolonged follow-up. In the others, serum PTH remained elevated and subsequent symptomatic hypercalcaemia necessitated parathyroidectomy. In the first two cases, autoparathyroidectomy is the most likely explanation; the initial fall in serum calcium in the other two patients is unexplained. Large fluctuations in serum calcium may occur in some patients with hyperparathyroidism and prolonged and careful observation is required when this occurs. PMID- 3444797 TI - The incidence and causes of hypercalcaemia. AB - A prospective screen for hypercalcaemia in 58,053 hospital in-patients was conducted over 12 months. The incidence of hypercalcaemia was 0.6%, being transient in 19.2% of patients and sustained in the remainder. The most common causes in the sustained group were malignancy (45%) and primary hyperparathyroidism (16.5%). The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism was 78/100,000 hospital in-patients, and its discovery was directly attributable to the survey in over half the cases. PMID- 3444798 TI - Incidence of overt and covert neurological damage in children with sickle cell disease. AB - We studied 25 patients with sickle cell disease (15 with HbSS; 8 with HbSC and 2 with HbS beta degree) using neurological examination as a marker of overt and computed tomographic (CT) scan as a marker of covert neurological damage. Of the 25 patients, 5 (20%) had evidence of cerebral infarcts on CT scan, but only 4 of these 5 patients had neurological signs. Neurological problems were only seen in patients with HbSS. We could not identify any haematological risk factors, but in this small group of HbSS patients a crisis rate greater than 1 per year of follow up was associated with a significant risk of neurological damage. PMID- 3444799 TI - Can thyroid stimulating hormone levels by TSH (IRMA) predict relapse of thyrotoxicosis following carbimazole treatment? AB - Serum thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (IRMA) levels were measured in 38 patients at one month after the end of a course of carbimazole/T3 therapy for Graves' disease. Despite the increased sensitivity of the IRMA assay a TSH measurement at this stage was found to be of no predictive value, in contrast to estimation of serum TRAb levels which correctly predicted relapse and remission in 90% of patients. PMID- 3444800 TI - Cyclosporin A in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome with frequent relapses. AB - Eight patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome which frequently relapsed despite cyclophosphamide treatment were given cyclosporin A (7.5 mg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day) for 8 to 12 weeks. Six had minimal change glomerulonephritis and two had focal segmental glomerulonephritis. Cyclosporin A was given to 5 patients when their nephrotic syndrome was in relapse and to 3 patients when the nephrotic syndrome was in remission. Cyclosporin A induced a transient remission in only one patient. PMID- 3444801 TI - Alternate day corticosteroid causes alternate day hyperglycaemia. AB - Patients taking alternate day corticosteroid treatment have greater impairment of glucose tolerance on the corticosteroid day than on the alternate day. Allowance for this must be made in the detection and management of diabetes mellitus in these patients. PMID- 3444802 TI - Macrocytosis--how far to investigate? PMID- 3444803 TI - Combined irradiation and low-dose cyclophosphamide in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - The treatment of a patient with euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy is described. A poor response was obtained from large doses of prednisone whereas a combination of orbital irradiation and low dose cyclophosphamide induced a dramatic resolution. As there is no fully satisfactory treatment for this condition, this combined therapy deserves further investigation. PMID- 3444804 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage in a 26 year-old woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), a rare complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), described only once previously in an adult, is usually fatal. We report a previously healthy 26 year old woman with chronic ITP in whom spontaneous ICH developed. The eventual favourable outcome in this case despite severe initial neurological deficit makes this case unusual. The importance of aggressive management in an ITP associated ICH is stressed and a plan for management is suggested. PMID- 3444806 TI - The significance of pancytopenia in miliary tuberculosis. AB - Patients with miliary tuberculosis accompanied by a pancytopenia rarely survive their disease. If the peripheral blood picture does recover it has been taken as an indication that there is no underlying haematological disease, and so re examination of the bone marrow is not performed. A case is described where resolution of the pancytopenia occurred but a persisting haematological disease remained. Aspects of haematological disease associated with tuberculosis are discussed. PMID- 3444805 TI - Raised parathyroid hormone levels in the milk alkali syndrome: an appropriate response? AB - A case of the 'milk alkali syndrome' associated with grossly elevated levels of amino terminal parathyroid hormone is described. The hypercalcaemia (calcium 4.09 mmol/l) and hyperparathyroidism settled on conservative measures. Factors in the milk alkali syndrome which might stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone include parathyroid gland hyperplasia secondary to suppression of ionized calcium, alteration in sensitivity of calcium receptors on the cells of the parathyroid glands, the stimulation of an intermittent alkaline tide in the blood and the high intake of phosphate and bicarbonate. We suggest that high levels of parathyroid hormone in the milk alkali syndrome may be appropriate rather than paradoxical. PMID- 3444807 TI - Respiratory distress during endoscopy--report of an unusual case. AB - A 30 year old man developed severe respiratory distress during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. He had a short oesophagus and part of the stomach was intrathoracic. Air-insufflation during endoscopy caused distension of the stomach inside the chest leading to respiratory distress. When part of the stomach is intrathoracic, the endoscopist should be cautious and the possibility of respiratory embarrassment kept in mind during air-insufflation. PMID- 3444809 TI - Chronic renal failure and tuberous sclerosis: a rare association. AB - A 38 year old Saudi patient with tuberous sclerosis and chronic renal failure is described. The association of these two conditions has rarely been described. This case supports the observation that when chronic renal failure occurs in patients with tuberous sclerosis, cystic renal disease (with or without hamartomas) is more likely to be the underlying cause, rather than hamartomas alone. PMID- 3444808 TI - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome presenting as an acute abdomen. AB - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) may present with symptoms and signs suggestive of an acute surgical condition of the abdomen. The patient described was admitted with clinical features sufficient to warrant operation but later proved to have HUS. PMID- 3444810 TI - A surfeit of teachers? PMID- 3444811 TI - [Headache and migraine in pediatric and adolescent psychiatric patients]. PMID- 3444812 TI - [The world of my child: dying and death in the perception of a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 3444813 TI - [Isolation, purification and stability of a glutamin(asparagin)ase preparation from Pseudomonas boreopolis 526]. AB - A technique for purification of glutamine asparaginase from Pseudomonas boreopolis 526 is described which provides a 37% yield of the enzyme homogeneous according to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The effect of pH, freezing, thawing and lyophilic drying on the stability of glutamine asparaginase was studied. The enzyme is rather stable at pH 4.8 and 4 degrees C. Lyophilic drying of the homogeneous enzyme without addition of stabilizers resulted in a decrease of its activity an is accompanied by formation of protein conglomerates with molecular weights of 280,000 and 660,000 D. Freezing and thawing decreased the activity of the nature enzyme by 40 50%. PMID- 3444814 TI - [Directed synthesis of macrotetrolides]. AB - The composition of the macrotetrolide complex was found to be strongly dependent on the conditions of the Streptomyces chrysomallus v. macrotetrolidi cultivation and could be varied by including in the medium 0.2% of organic acids, precursors of macrotetrolides, such as acetic, propionic and succinic. Acetate caused an increase of the nonactin/monactin ratio, and no other homologues were detected. On the contrary, propionate and succinate produced a drop in the nonactin synthesis, which was accompanied by a rise in the amount of the higher homologues. The composition of the macrtetrolide mixture can also be changed by introducing in the cultivation medium specific inhibitors (100-200 micrograms/ml) such as malonate, cobalamin analogue, sulfadimesin. Malonate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, increased the biosynthesis of higher ethylated homologues. Inhibition of methylmalonate mutase resulted in an increased yield of the methylated nonactin homologue and in a decreased yield of dinactin. In this case no other homologues were produced. The inhibitor of transmethylation, sulfadimesin, had no effect on the biosynthesis and composition of the macrotetralide mixture. PMID- 3444815 TI - [Measuring neuraminidase activity by the thiobarbiturate method]. AB - A number of reducing agents used for removing the excess of periodate in the reaction of the neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) activity measuring by the thiobarbituric acid technique were compared. The toxic reagent sodium arsenite may be replaced by a 20% solution of ascorbic acid. The modified technique of the neuraminidase activity determining can be used in case of both high-molecular weight substrate ovomucin and low-molecular weight substrate-glycomacropeptide from milk whey. PMID- 3444816 TI - [Causes of death in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444817 TI - [Use of roentgenopneumopolygraphy in the diagnosis of functional disorders of the respiratory organs of patients with infiltrative tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444818 TI - [Current problems of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3444819 TI - [Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3444820 TI - [Importance of fibrobronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444821 TI - [Treatment and outcome of newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444822 TI - [Effectiveness of hyposensitization in drug intolerance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444823 TI - [Features of the side effects of antituberculosis drugs and their prediction in patients with nephrotuberculosis]. PMID- 3444824 TI - [Clinico-physiological basis for the use of therapeutic gymnastics and aerophytotherapy in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3444825 TI - [Modification of the leukocyte migration inhibition test and its use in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444826 TI - [Nonmedicinal prevention of liver involvement caused by isoniazid and monoacetylhydrazine in rats]. PMID- 3444827 TI - [Optimization of tuberculin diagnosis procedures using a PPD-BCG preparation]. PMID- 3444828 TI - [Regulation of bronchial tone]. PMID- 3444829 TI - [Cellular immunity and cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3444830 TI - [Effect of sodium succinate and sodium malate on the composition of metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the lungs of animals with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3444832 TI - [Health education of patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3444831 TI - [Combined lesions of the lungs and kidneys]. PMID- 3444833 TI - Relationship between myocardial CK release, high energy phosphate metabolism and ultrastructure as effect of anoxia on isolated rat heart. PMID- 3444834 TI - Studies on human apolipoprotein E genetic isoforms and their phenotypes among the Chinese population. PMID- 3444835 TI - Immunoblot analysis of antisperm antibodies in sera of infertile subjects. PMID- 3444836 TI - Successful surgical treatment of three cases of type A Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome using intramyocardial injection of absolute alcohol. PMID- 3444837 TI - Prevention and management of inadvertent dural puncture during epidural block. PMID- 3444838 TI - Methylmalonic aciduria (1 case report). PMID- 3444839 TI - Somatic and psychic aspects of orofacial dysaesthesia. PMID- 3444840 TI - A roentgenocephalometric study of head posture and craniofacial morphogenesis in the cold environment of northern Finland. PMID- 3444841 TI - Kinetics of bromadiolone, anticoagulant rodenticide, in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). AB - Rats (Rattus norvegicus) dosed orally with the rodenticide bromadiolone (0.8 and 3 mg/kg) were sacrificed in groups of 4 rats at various times up to 97 hours after administration. Bromadiolone was assayed in plasma, liver and kidney by an HPLC method. The compound disappeared slowly from the organism with a half-life of 25.7 hours for the 0.8 mg/kg dose and 57.5 hours for the 3 mg/kg. Concentrations in liver were rapidly established and were 14- to 46-fold higher than plasma concentrations. 97 hours after 3 mg/kg dose, liver concentrations were about 1.5 micrograms/g. Bromadiolone levels in kidney were slightly higher than those observed in plasma, with a longer half-life. PMID- 3444842 TI - [3H] (-)sulpiride binding in rat striatum, cortex and anterior pituitary: an improved assay. AB - The interaction of [3H] (-)sulpiride with D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum, anterior pituitary and medial-prefrontal cortex was studied in rats, using an improved [3H] (-)sulpiride radioreceptor binding technique. Incubation on ice and a fast filtration resulted in higher specific binding (approximately 85% of total binding) a lower affinity constant (about 3 nM) and higher Bmax than reported with previous procedures. Pharmacological interactions confirmed the high selectivity of [3H] (-)sulpiride for D2 DA receptors. PMID- 3444843 TI - Modulatory action of purinergic drugs on high potassium-induced epileptiform bursting in rat hippocampal slices. AB - Increase of the potassium concentration up to 8 mM in the superfused solution of rat hippocampal slices leads to the development of an epileptiform bursting. The derivative agonist L-phenyl isopropyl adenosine (L-PIA) (0.05-0.5 microM) is able to block the potassium induced epileptiform activity. The adenosine antagonist caffeine (100 microM) reverts the antiepileptic effect of L-PIA. Our data show a modulatory action of the purinergic transmission in a model of experimental in vitro epilepsy, and point out about a control of endogenous adenosine in the development of focal epileptiform activity. The relationships between the purinergic influence on the release of neurotransmitters, and the convulsant anticonvulsant effects of the drugs are discussed. PMID- 3444844 TI - Glycopyrrolate intensifies neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium in the rat diaphragm preparation. AB - The effect of glycopyrrolate (Glycopyrronium, a muscarinic antagonist) (10 mumol.litre-1) and neostigmine (1 mumol.litre-1) on atracurium (0.1-100 mumol.litre-1) - induced neuromuscular blockade was studied in the rat isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, to see if glycopyrrolate intensified the neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium in this preparation. Atracurium had a rapid onset of blockade, reaching a complete block in 30-40 s. Glycopyrrolate had no significant effect on indirectly-elicited twitch (0.2 Hz) tension, whereas it significantly increased atracurium-induced depression of twitch tension and shortened the time needed to a complete block by 10 s. Combinations of glycopyrrolate+ neostigmine, only slightly reversed atracurium-induced blockade, if compared to the reversal by neostigmine alone. The mean concentrations to produce 50% depression of twitch tension were: 1.6 +/- 0.1 (atracurium), 0.3 +/- 0.1 (atracurium +glycopyrrolate), 4.8 +/- 0.2 (atracurium +neostigmine) and 2.7 +/- 0.1 mumol.litre-1 (atracurium +glycopyrrolate +neostigmine) (means +/- SEM, n = 6, P less than 0.001, with respect to control value of atracurium alone). It was concluded that glycopyrrolate enhanced atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in the rat diaphragm preparation, and that this effect should be noted when dosing glycopyrrolate in man. PMID- 3444845 TI - [Resistance and disintegration behavior of gastric juice-resistant drug products. 3. Pharmaceutical-technological and analytical studies of gastric juice-resistant commercial preparations]. AB - Enteric coated commercial dosage forms often do not correspond with acid resistance and disintegration requirements of the Ph. Eur. About 15-20% of 181 tested samples disintegrate during acid resistance test or do not disintegrate in buffer solution pH = 6.8. The percentage was extremely high amongst enteric coated pancreatin or cardiac glycosides (about 30%) preparations. Storage conditions and time influence acid resistance and disintegration time. 80% of 34 products coated with celluloseacetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate or polymethacrylic acid ester did not change disintegration time after 2 years storage at 20 degrees C. After storage at 40 degrees C the number decreased to 40%. After 5 years at 20 degrees C number of products which were not stable increased. PMID- 3444846 TI - [Effect of film formers and plasticizers on the stability of resistance and disintegration behavior. 4. Pharmaceutical-technological and analytical studies of gastric juice-resistant commercial preparations]. AB - Chemical an physical properties of film coating materials determine stability of enteric coated pharmaceutical dosage forms. About 80% of commercial enteric coated drugs with coatings of celluloseacetate phthalate or polymethacrylic acid ester did not change acid resistance or disintegration time after 2 years, storage at 20 degrees C or 40 degrees C. Disintegration time of 4 drugs which are enteric coated with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, decreased more often. Some of these did not fulfill acid resistance requirements of the Ph. Eur., tests which show influence of softeners to stability of enteric coatings have to be extended. PMID- 3444847 TI - In vitro study of gastrointestinal diffusion system using disopyramide phosphate. AB - Gastrointestinal Diffusion System (GDS) provides release of a drug by means of a controlled source of diffusion energy. The unit can possibly be used for all soluble agents in which solubility is independent of the pH of the gastrointestinal contents as is the case with disopyramide phosphate. The GDS consists of a soluble tablet-core, surrounded by a cellulose acetate film containing a soluble pore-creating agent. When the pore-creating agent is removed from the coating film, the cellulose acetate membrane which remains is of a porous nature, which controls the diffusion rate of the drug. The release rate of the drug can be varied by changing the composition and mass of the membrane. The resultant system in vitro provides the zero-order drug delivery due to the appropriate selection of manufacturing parameters. PMID- 3444848 TI - [Do endothelial cells participate in the biotransformation of cyclophosphamide?]. AB - Investigations with cyclophosphamide were done to answer the question of participation of the endothelium in biotransformation of xenobiotics. Cyclophosphamide inhibits the proliferation of cultivated endothelial cells only in high concentrations. Also after induction of the cells by phenobarbital or 2,5 diphenoxazole no increased toxicity of cyclophosphamide was observed. Though the endothelium disposes of cytochrome-P-450-dependent aryl-4-monooxygenases it does not take part in biotransformation of cyclophosphamide apparently. Further possibilities of biotransformation by endothelial cells will be discussed. PMID- 3444849 TI - Hemodynamic parameters and renal blood flow following stimulation of renal tubular transport processes by treatment with thyroid hormones. AB - In adult rats, renal excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) can be stimulated by repeated administration of thyroid hormones. Data on renal cortical slices show clearly that a stimulation of active, carrier-mediated tubular transport processes is the most important cause. In vivo experiments also show an influence of treatment with thyroid hormones on various hemodynamic parameters. The diminution of vascular resistance in cortical and medullary regions of the kidney might contribute to the increased PAH excretion in thyroid hormone-treated rats. PMID- 3444850 TI - [Is the prediction of LD50 using cell cultures generally valid?]. AB - In this article we use the linear regression model to compare the values of IC50 and LD50 p.o. (mice and rats) taken from the literature and estimated in our laboratory. By this analysis it was found that for different substance classes a similar relationship exists between IC50 and LD50, even if different cell types or cellular activities were used for estimating the IC50 on the one hand and different modes of substance application in animal toxicity tests on the other hand. The minimum and maximum values of the measured LD50 (LD50G) registered in animal experiments deviated from the theoretical LD50 values (LD50T) on the (log transformed) regression line in approximately 77 per cent of the cases by the factor FG less than or equal to log 5 only. The linear correlation between IC50 and LD50 is to be expected only for such substances which do not act specifically via higher levels of integration, cell type specific reactions or metabolites, respectively. These and previously reported results indicate a certain general validity not only for the positive linear correlation between IC50 and LD50 but also for the predicting the LD50 in a relatively narrow dosage range on the basis of in vitro estimated IC50 values. With these results new possibilities were opened for reducing animal experiments to estimate LD50. PMID- 3444851 TI - [Comparison of prescribed and defined daily doses (DDD) of selected antihypertensives--problems and conclusions]. AB - The comparison of prescribed and defined daily doses of 21 antihypertensive drugs showed minor to major differences, which have an impact on how to assess future drug demand and how to evaluate the therapeutic equivalence of various drugs. Relating problems concerning prescribing habits of drugs and research in drug demand are being discussed. PMID- 3444852 TI - [Ensuring sterility by validation of intense steam sterilization processes. 4. Joint statement of the committees of the official laboratories and the government departments supervising drugs, and the Section on the Drug Industry-FIP (International Pharmacy Federation), April 1987]. PMID- 3444853 TI - [Rapid determination of benzalkonium chloride in eye- and nosedrops of the SR86]. PMID- 3444854 TI - [Analysis of amrinone. 3. Determination of amrinone in serum]. PMID- 3444855 TI - [Modified gas chromatographic method for determining diclofenac in human serum]. PMID- 3444856 TI - [Comparative study of antithrombin III concentrates]. PMID- 3444857 TI - [Action of new iminium compounds against selected bacterial and fungal strains. 18. Synthesis of n-alkylthiomethyl-3-bromo-, n-alkylthiomethyl-4-hydroxy- and n alkylthiomethyl-6-methoxyquinolinium chlorides]. PMID- 3444858 TI - [Residues of crop-protecting chemicals in drugs from wild medicinal plants]. PMID- 3444859 TI - Characterization and sequence of a plasmid from the trachoma biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The 7.5-kb plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis, trachoma biovar, was mapped for restriction enzyme sites and sequenced. The complete nucleotide sequence, the first reported for any chlamydial plasmid, revealed nine open reading frames which could code for polypeptides greater than 10 kDa. These putative polypeptides contain 35-47% hydrophobic amino acid residues. Two putative polypeptides of 30 kDa are highly basic and one of 23 kDa is acidic. A region composed of four 22-bp repeats, AT-rich clusters, an inverted repeat, and a 30 kDa basic protein is similar in organization to the origins of replication in a number of Escherichia coli plasmids. Northern blot analysis of the plasmid RNA showed transcripts longer than the length of the plasmid, suggesting a single transcription initiation signal. PMID- 3444860 TI - Spasmolytic activity of angelicin: a coumarin from Heracleum thomsoni. PMID- 3444861 TI - Cytostatic activity of coumarins in vitro. PMID- 3444862 TI - Molluscicidal triterpenoidal glycosides of Xeromphis spinosa. PMID- 3444863 TI - Comparative anti-bacteriophage activity of naturally-occurring photosensitizers. PMID- 3444864 TI - A new antifungal prenylated flavanone from Erythrina berteroana. PMID- 3444865 TI - Immunoanalytical methods for screening vindoline from Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. PMID- 3444866 TI - The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3444867 TI - [Diagnostic change in schizophrenic diseases--a case register study of 10 years]. AB - This study is an investigation covering all schizophrenic patient discharged between 1976 and 1986, a total of 2561 patients, for evidence of any shift in diagnosis and/or syndromes during this time. During the period 1454 schizophrenic patients were hospitalised more than once. Of these, 135 patients (9.3%) exhibited a syndrome shift. These patients can be classified as 8 distinct types. PMID- 3444868 TI - [Personality change following encephalitis lethargica in childhood. Eventual fate of a patient]. AB - An account is given of a patient who died at the age of sixty. He had no recollection of having had encephalitis as a child. In his schooldays, the patient was subject to severe behavioral disorders which were not susceptible to outside influence. During his military service he was frequently punished for conduct prejudicial to discipline and good order, and at the front he was even sentenced to death, but reprieved. His later life brought him no tranquility, ever new conflicts driving him from one job after another. Breaking into uncontrollable fits of rage, he would psychically attack the people around him, threatening to kill them. He was incapable of controlling his impulses. He spent the second half of his life in institutional care, his extrems impulsiveness being the cause of considerable disruption. Post mortem examination confirmed the encephalitis lethargica he was assumed to have suffered as a child, which was responsible for the typical change of character. It is evident how encephalitis lethargica in childhood sets a lifelong mark on the conduct, with appalling consequences. PMID- 3444869 TI - [Psychopathologic symptoms in torticollis spasmodicus]. AB - The paper presents the results of detailed diagnosis of 51 patients with torticollis spasmodicus. A discussion of the results would seem to indicate the possibility of there being one group with prior neuroses, one group compulsive in nature, and one group whose diminished performance arises from the condition of the brain. Reliable diagnosis is only possible when both mental and physical parameters have been taken into consideration. PMID- 3444870 TI - [Thoughts on the use of the Roether Tempo and Memory Ability Test in the management of alcoholic patients]. AB - The paper deals with some early results of the employment of Roethers method for determining reactions and retentivity in adults in the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholic patients. The tests practicability is set forth, and an attempt made to establish a Value of Instability for visual memory as an additional parameter. The first comparative results indicate significantly greater instability in the case of gamma alcoholics in the chronic stage than in the oase of gamma alcoholics in the critical stage and alpha alcoholics and epsilon alcoholics. PMID- 3444871 TI - Episodic arthropathy in adult cystic fibrosis. AB - Five (8.5 per cent) of 59 adult patients with cystic fibrosis described a characteristic arthropathy which was episodic, self-limiting and polyarticular, affecting large and small peripheral joints without evidence of progression to joint damage. The five patients with arthropathy did not differ from the remaining 54 with respect to manifestations of cystic fibrosis. Synovial fluid obtained from two patients during acute episodes was clear, viscous and contained no cells. Biopsies of synovial membrane from the same patients demonstrated prominent congested blood vessels with some synovial oedema, but no evidence of inflammation. Immunofluorescent staining of synovial membrane demonstrated characteristic intimal deposition of immunoglobulin in the vessels. In one of the two patients acute arthropathy was accompanied by transient cutaneous vasculitis, circulating immune complexes and lowered serum complement levels, which suggests that the episodic arthropathy in at least some patients with cystic fibrosis is mediated by an immune mechanism. PMID- 3444872 TI - Malignant melanoma of the head and neck in Scotland: an eight-year analysis of trends in prevalence, distribution and prognosis. AB - Four hundred and eighteen cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma of the head and neck were registered with the Scottish Melanoma Group between 1979 and 1985. Distribution of histogenetic types of melanoma was lentigo maligna melanoma 50 per cent, superficial spreading melanoma 24 per cent, nodular melanoma 20 per cent, unclassifiable 6 per cent. Annual registrations of all types increased over the seven-year period but were less for lentigo maligna melanoma than for the other types. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were older, and those with superficial spreading melanoma younger, than the overall average. These two features support the hypothesis that the former may be more closely related to cumulative sunlight exposure than are other histogenetic types of melanoma. The sex ratio (F:M) was 1.7:1 for lentigo maligna melanoma, 1.5:1 for superficial spreading melanoma, but 1:1 for nodular melanoma. All types of melanoma were seen most commonly on the cheek. The proportion of lentigo maligna melanoma on the cheek was significantly greater than nodular melanoma or superficial spreading melanoma. Superficial spreading melanoma was significantly increased in frequency on the neck and scalp, and nodular melanoma on the ear. Melanomas of the scalp were significantly more frequent in male patients than female. The anatomical site distribution of nodular melanoma showed considerable differences between the sexes: nodular melanoma of the ear or neck occurred more commonly in male patients and nodular melanoma of the cheek was significantly more frequent in female patients. Five-year mortality data for head and neck melanoma derived from patients registered between 1979 and 1981 revealed that mortality was greater in male than in female patients, but there was no significant difference in prognosis between the three histogenetic types of melanoma when these were stratified according to tumour thickness. PMID- 3444873 TI - Impaired water excretion and elevated plasma vasopressin in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms. AB - Reports describing the fluid balance status of alcoholics in withdrawal are varied, and conflicting. We examined this question by recording values for a variety of parameters in response to a standard water load test. Compared with age and sex matched healthy volunteers (n = 14), alcoholics in withdrawal (n = 17) exhibited lower cumulative urine output (p = 0.0001), higher minimum urine osmolality (p = 0.0001), lower serum sodium (p = 0.0024 before loading) and elevated plasma arginine vasopressin levels (p = 0.0045 before loading). We believe that these findings are best explained by a resetting of osmoreceptors, a supposition in keeping with contemporary views on the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. This additional evidence of an antidiuretic state in alcohol withdrawal leads us to question the practice of fluid supplementation in its management and we suggest that this policy be revised. PMID- 3444874 TI - Unstable angina pectoris as a warning symptom before acute myocardial infarction. AB - Four hundred patients who were admitted over the last three years with myocardial infarction were questioned about the presence and pattern of angina before its onset. Two hundred and twenty-four (56 per cent) patients had angina before their infarction; 184 (46 per cent) had the unstable pattern of angina. That such a high proportion of patients experience unstable angina as a prodromal symptom makes it possible that myocardial infarction could be prevented in some of these patients. Patients with previous angina had a higher incidence of subendocardial infarction than patients without angina (stable or unstable) (p less than 0.01). In-hospital prognosis was better in patients with chronic or unstable angina than in patients without angina (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3444875 TI - [Principles of the prevention, early detection, treatment and after care of endometrial cancer]. PMID- 3444876 TI - [Structure and development of a 3-dimensional irradiation planning system for the microcomputer K 1630]. PMID- 3444877 TI - [3-dimensional irradiation planning in postoperative telecobalt irradiation of breast cancer and its clinical aspects]. PMID- 3444878 TI - Electron contamination of the photon beam of the 60cobalt-tele-therapy unit "Rokus". PMID- 3444879 TI - Comparison of isodose charts for 60Co teletherapy unit "Rokus". PMID- 3444880 TI - The relation of the individual variability of serum proteins to the mortality of rats after irradiation. PMID- 3444881 TI - Recovery from radiation injury by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine in lymphocytes of mouse bone marrow. PMID- 3444882 TI - [Delta infection: detection using radioimmunoanalysis in selected patient samples]. PMID- 3444883 TI - [Production of [18-F]-F2 and [18-F]-FDG in the Rossendorf cyclotron]. PMID- 3444884 TI - [Technology for the production of 199Tl by the 197Au(alpha, 2n) reaction]. PMID- 3444885 TI - [A simple procedure for the production of 111InCl3 for medical use]. PMID- 3444886 TI - [Radiopharmacology of M-ligand complexes]. PMID- 3444887 TI - [TNM classification of malignant tumors: the new 1987 edition]. PMID- 3444888 TI - [Structure, function and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins]. PMID- 3444889 TI - [Physicochemical approach to structure and function of plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 3444890 TI - [Synthesis and secretion of hepatic lipid and lipoprotein]. PMID- 3444891 TI - [Characterization, structure and reaction mechanism of enzymes involved in plasma lipoprotein metabolism]. PMID- 3444892 TI - [Expression of oncogene products and tumor markers in human cancers]. PMID- 3444893 TI - [Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. PMID- 3444895 TI - [Mixed bacterial-parasitic infections]. PMID- 3444894 TI - [AIDS and other problems related to HIV infection in children]. PMID- 3444896 TI - [Enterovirus infections (data of the Infectious Disease Clinic and the District Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Gdansk)]. PMID- 3444898 TI - [Current trends in studies on the epidemiology of dental caries]. PMID- 3444899 TI - [Use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of neuroinfections]. PMID- 3444897 TI - [Epidemiology of stroke in Wielkopolska]. PMID- 3444901 TI - [Neurological changes in chronic brucellosis]. PMID- 3444900 TI - [Involvement of the organ of vision in chronic brucellosis]. PMID- 3444902 TI - [Secondary Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome in a patient with chronic aggressive viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3444903 TI - Fallopian tube cancer: the role of radiation therapy. AB - Thirty-four patients with fallopian tube cancer were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 1964 and 1985 and received radiation therapy postoperatively. Employing a system analogous to FIGO ovarian cancer staging, there were 9 patients with stage I disease, 13 with stage II, and 12 with stage III/IV. Residual disease was present in 15 patients and absent in 19. Nodal metastases were documented in 12 patients or 35% (10 at presentation, two at relapse), with para-aortic nodes most commonly involved (67%) and 7 of the 12 having disease otherwise limited to the pelvis at presentation. Fifteen of 34 (44%) patients survived disease-free until intercurrent death or to a median follow-up of 70 months. Seven patients were treated with palliative intent for massive disease, and 27 patients were treated with curative intent (21 radiation alone, six radiation plus chemotherapy). Of those treated with curative intent, 15 patients received pelvic irradiation (with or without para-aortic nodal irradiation), 10 received whole abdominal irradiation, and 2 received intraperitoneal radiophosphorus. In the potentially curative group, seven of nine (78%) patients with stage I disease, five of 12 (42%) with stage II, and 2 of 6 (33%) with stage III have remained disease-free. Among the 21 patients with stage I or II disease, only four of the 11 (36%) patients who received pelvic irradiation alone were disease-free, but four patients had an isolated upper abdominal failure. In contrast, eight of 10 (80%) patients receiving treatment to the entire abdomen (including two patients who received 32P) were disease-free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444904 TI - Accelerated split-course radiotherapy and simultaneous cis-dichlorodiammine platinum and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy with folinic acid enhancement for unresectable carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Thirty-four (6 stage III, 28 stage IV) patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated by simultaneous radio-chemotherapy. Treatment was divided into three cycles. Chemotherapy consisted of cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) 60 mg/sqm i.v., 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 350 mg/sqm i.v. and folinic acid (FA)-50 mg/sqm i.v. on day 2 and 5-FU 350 mg/sqm per 24 h and FA 100 mg/sqm/24 h on days 2-5. Radiotherapy consisted of 23.4 Gy/9 days divided in 13 fractions of 1.8 Gy delivered twice a day from day 3 through day 11. This regimen was repeated on days 22 and 44. Total radiation dose amounted to 70.2 Gy/51 days. Mean follow-up of surviving patients was 21 (14-34) months. 28/32 patients achieved complete response, 4/32 partial response. Actuarial one and two years survival were 88 and 58% including two early deaths from tumour bleeding. Local control rates at one and two years were 87 and 81%, respectively. This protocol produces excellent palliation and the chance of improved long term tumour control. Two patients developed distant metastases. Overall toxicity was tolerable. Since the treatment breaks were inserted after low radiation doses, acute mucositis healed rapidly and was not a limiting factor. PMID- 3444905 TI - Phase II double-blind randomized study of lonidamine and radiotherapy in epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. AB - Patients with non metastatic squamous cell lung cancer were treated with radiotherapy (RT) plus lonidamine (LND) or placebo (PLAC), according to a randomized double-blind study design. Treatment with lonidamine 150 mg t.i.d. (27 patients) or placebo (23 patients) started 3 days before RT, lasted up to 7 months. Partial responses were observed in 14 and 6 patients respectively in the LND + RT and PLAC + RT groups. Statistical analysis of the survival curves showed no significant difference between the LND + RT (median 311 days) and PLAC + RT (median 193 days) groups. Stage III patients survived significantly longer (p less than 0.05) when treated with LND + RT (median 318 days) than with PLAC + RT (median 163 days). No synergistic toxic effects between radiation and LND were noted. To confirm these data a new and larger multicentric study is now in progress. PMID- 3444906 TI - An unusual case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome involving treatment with radiotherapy. PMID- 3444907 TI - A CT based dosimetry system for intracavitary therapy in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The physical dose distribution from intracavitary sources used in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix can be accurately calculated in three dimensions. However, it is no simple matter to relate dose to critical tissues within the pelvis. We have studied 10 patients and have used CT scanning with dummy sources to determine the dose to lymph nodes, bladder and rectum. This technique may be superior to the use of orthogonal radiographs and highlights the limitations of the use of the flexible rectal dose meter. Further work will required to determine whether or not the morbidity of radical radiotherapy can be reduced using such detailed dosimetry to adjust therapy and eliminate small areas of high dose to critical normal tissues. In one case, CT showed a spontaneous and unexplained uterine perforation by the intrauterine tube one day after check films had shown a satisfactory position. PMID- 3444908 TI - A study of the mantle technique for Hodgkins disease using thermoluminescent dosimetry. AB - A study of the mantle technique for Hodgkins disease patients was embarked upon using thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) and a RANDO phantom. There was concern that the technique using Co-60 and turning the patient over for the posterior field may not be optimal as it was felt that the axillary areas of these patients were being under-dosed. A variety of treatment set-ups were performed on a 60 Cobalt unit at extended SSD. The phantom was planned for treatment lying supine for the anterior field and prone for the posterior field. Measurements were made in the neck, hilum and axillae using various combinations of compensators and lead filters. The combination of full field compensators and a lead filter gave the best results in the phantom but did not give satisfactory axillary readings in the patient situation. This was attributed to the difference in shape and AP separation of the patient when lying prone. RANDO, being solid, retains its shape. Treatment was then planned for a 6 MV linear accelerator using a vertical couch extender which enables the patient to remain supine throughout the treatment by increasing the table height to allow the posterior portal to be treated through the couch. Full field compensation was found to give an adequate dose to all the measured areas. This technique has since been performed on 28 patients being treated for Hodgkins disease at the Hillbrow Hospital, and the average axillary dose recorded in these patients is 88.6% of the prescribed dose. PMID- 3444909 TI - Analysis of the effects of fractionated irradiation to the rat heart. PMID- 3444910 TI - Neuroradiologic evaluation of a multiple sclerosis case with acute onset. PMID- 3444911 TI - Quality assessment of a new technique for recording fluoroscopic images. PMID- 3444913 TI - Computed tomography in exogenous lipoid pneumonia: report of a case. PMID- 3444912 TI - Blood and urinary levels of iopamidol (Gastromiro "300") after contrast examination of the digestive tract. PMID- 3444914 TI - A clinical and radiological study of two brothers affected by Cockayne syndrome type II. PMID- 3444915 TI - The measurement of plasma fibrinopeptide A in breast cancer patients. PMID- 3444916 TI - Teleconsultation: four years of experience. PMID- 3444917 TI - Distribution of uranium in human bones. AB - Uranium and calcium contents in human bones (skull, rib and femur) were determined by the fission track method and the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopic method (ICP-AES), respectively. The U/Ca concentration ratio in the bones was found to decrease in the order of rib greater than femur greater than skull, which is in accordance with the decreasing order of the mean annual replacement percentage of bone components. Several femur bones were cut into several longitudinal segments, and uranium and calcium contents in each segment were determined. Among these, the U/Ca ratio in the epiphysis was higher than those in the diaphysis. PMID- 3444918 TI - [The difference between the mechanism of 67Ga accumulation and 59Fe accumulation in cultured tumor cells]. AB - It is well known that the mechanism of 67Ga accumulation into tumor cells is mediated with transferrin receptor as well as iron. The present study was designed to explore the difference between the mechanism of gallium accumulation and that of iron by using mouse leukemic cell line L5178Y. When monensin which inhibits the recycle of transferrin receptor was added to the incubated system, accumulation of 59Fe and 67Ga was clearly diminished compared with that of control. However, inhibition of 59Fe accumulation was more remarkable than that of 67Ga. Furthermore, monensin has a action of Na+ ionophore which decreases Na+ gradient between the inside and the outside of the plasma membrane. Following administration of monensin, 67Ga accumulation was diminished according to the loss of the Na+ gradient. On the other hand, following administration of valinomycin, 67Ga accumulation was not affected by the loss of the K+ gradient. From these results, it was suggested that the mechanism of 67Ga accumulation into tumor cells differed from that of 59Fe and transferrin receptor and Na+ gradient of tumor cells played an important role on 67Ga accumulation into tumor cells. PMID- 3444919 TI - [A study of hepato-biliary and alimentary scintigrams using a triple tracer method]. AB - In order to evaluate the gastric emptying and postprandial mixing of bile with food, the scintigraphies of hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal tracts by using three different kinds of radioisotopes were performed simultaneously (99mTc E.HIDA for hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 111In-DTPA containing orange juice and 131I-albumin containing scrambled egg for gastrointestinal scintigraphy). This method was available for observation of gastric emptying of liquid and solid foods and also examination of the mixing effect of bile and food quantitatively. PMID- 3444920 TI - [Tritium and carbon-14 concentrations around an incinerator for radioactive liquid scintillator waste]. AB - Activity measurements of 3H and 14C in several environmental samples around the incinerator for radioactive liquid scintillator waste at the Radioisotope Center, Kyushu University were carried out to estimate their levels. It was indicated that 3H and 14C concentrations in the atmosphere at 1 m from the outlet were about 0.2% of those estimated at the outlet, respectively. At 6 m away from the outlet, 3H concentration decreased to about one twentieth of that at 1 m and 14C concentration to background level. For soils and plants, 14C concentrations showed negligibly low values. The existence of these nuclides in particle form was not confirmed. It is considered that the result of the higher 3H concentrations as compared to 14C concentrations reflects not only the difference of the waste amounts of their nuclides, but also the discharge of 3H as moisture as well as water vapor. PMID- 3444921 TI - Detection by microfluorography (rapid scintillation autoradiography) of twin spots derived from double strand DNA breaks. PMID- 3444922 TI - Antihypertensive effect of Cecropia obtusifolia (Moraceae) leaf extract on rats. AB - A lyophilized aqueous leaf extract of Cecropia obtusifolia proved to be antihypertensive when intravenously administrated to conscious spontaneous hypertensive rats. Forty-five minutes after injection, the maximum fall in arterial pressure (-23.5% relative to preinjection values) was seen and recovery was not complete by the end of the 180 min observation period. The extract was also given to pre-hypertensive SHR and normotensive rats. The fall in blood pressure was more conspicuous in the two SHr groups and was not accompanied by changes in cardiac frequency in any group. This would appear to rule out either a direct or indirect involvement of the heart in regard to the observed hypotension. PMID- 3444923 TI - [The presence of cysts in Tritrichomonas muris]. AB - Cysts of Tritrichomonas muris are reported. The morphology of this evolution stage is described under light and electron microscopy. The biologic and epidemiologic importance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 3444924 TI - [Neutralization of toxic and enzyme activities of 4 venoms from snakes of Guatemala and Honduras by the polyvalent antivenin produced in Costa Rica]. AB - We studied the ability of the polyvalent antivenom produced in Costa Rica to neutralize lethal, hemorrhagic, edema-forming, proteolytic, hemolytic, hyaluronidase and fibrinolytic activities of the venoms of Bothrops asper and B. nummifer from Honduras, and of Agkistrodon bilineatus and Crotalus durissus durissus from Guatemala. Neutralizing ability of antivenom was expressed as ED50 (effective dose 50%), defined as the antivenom/venom ratio at which the activity of the venom is reduced 50%. Antivenom is highly effective in the neutralization of lethal, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, hyaluronidase, and caseinolytic activities of B. asper, B. nummifer, and C. d. durissus venoms. In the case of B. nummifer venom, neutralization of fibrinolytic effect was only partial, whereas this activity was adequately neutralized when studying the venoms of B. asper and C. d. durissus. The venom of A. bilineatus was adequately neutralized by the antivenom, with the only exception of hemolytic effect that was reduced only partially. However, in quantitative terms, a relatively large volume of antivenom was required to neutralize some effects induced by A. bilineatus venom. Regarding edema-forming activity, antivenom neutralized efficiently the venoms of B. asper and A. bilineatus, whereas that of B. nummifer was neutralized only partially; on the other hand, edema induced by the venom of C. d. durissus was not neutralized at all. Immunochemical results indicate a close immunological relationship between venoms of B. asper, B. nummifer and C. d. durissus collected in Honduras and Guatemala with those of the same species collected in Costa Rica. Interspecies comparison, however, showed variation between venoms obtained from different species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444925 TI - Somatic antigens from male and female adults of Setaria cervi: immune reactions in guinea pigs. AB - Antigens obtained from adult female Setaria cervi were more protective than those of males against the development of microfilaremia in guinea pigs (transplanted with 10 S. cervi). In high dose levels (2 ml 500 microliters/ml) significant resistance was induced by antigens from male (52% of protection) and female (62% of protection) worms. The antigens from female worms were effective (40% protection) at low dose level (2 ml 50 microliters/ml) also. PMID- 3444926 TI - The response of adult and free-living stages of Necator americanus, in vitro, to anthelmintics. AB - The in vitro response of adults (males and females) and free-living stages of Necator americanus one of the human hookworms, to a wide variety of 20 broad and narrow spectrum anthelmintics was tested. Almost all the broad spectrum anthelmintics influenced males, females and free-living stages at different levels and showed good activity with EC50 values varying from about 0.0002 and 0.0007 mg/l for pyrantel pamoate and tricofenol piperazine respectively to about 8.47 and 7.6 mg/l for morantel tartrate and amoscanate respectively. Certain drugs (emetine, praziquantel and suramin) exerted their effect either on male or female or free-living stages at 10.0 mg/l level. It is concluded that either sex or life-cycle stage alone may not be an effective criteria for screening of anthelmintics which have been employed at large; and females of nematodes (in particular those of N. americanus) should be taken into account for proposing EC50 as they were found to require relatively highest EC50 level in almost all the instances studied presently. PMID- 3444927 TI - Health risk communication at the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. AB - I have described areas for which ATSDR has responsibilities that we see as involving risk communication. I conclude by indicating, based on our professional experience and from meetings with the public where we have presented health information, what we consider to be five elements required of successful risk communication. The first element we suggest is the credibility of the source. If you have no credibility, no matter how accurate, how truthful, how up-to-date, how important, how dramatic your message is, you are not going to be heard. So you start with credibility. The quality of the message is the second building block of successful risk communication. By quality of the message, I mean whether it is accurate, truthful, up-to-date, and based on current scientific knowledge. The third element is the degree of involvement of the receiver of the message in the shaping of the message. If the receiver has not been involved in the process, then the likelihood of successful risk communication is going to be diminished. Get the receivers involved up front. That means, in the case of community health studies, get those persons involved in the community who have been most concerned about the health issues. To the extent possible, involve community leaders, citizen groups, physicians, the news media, and concerned individual citizens in the design, conduct, and evaluation of community health surveys and studies. The fourth element is the quality of the delivery. If you present the message in government jargon and do not speak with, but to, the audience, you are going to find difficulties in successful communication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3444928 TI - About risk communication and risky communication. PMID- 3444929 TI - Human variability in susceptibility to toxic chemicals--a preliminary analysis of pharmacokinetic data from normal volunteers. AB - The tenfold "uncertainty" factor traditionally used to guard against human interindividual differences in susceptibility to toxicity is not based on human observations. To begin to build a basis for quantifying an important component of overall variability in susceptibility to toxicity, a data base has been constructed of individual measurements of key pharmacokinetic parameters for specific substances (mostly drugs) in groups of at least five healthy adults. 72 of the 101 data sets studied were positively skewed, indicating that the distributions are generally closer to expectations for log-normal distributions than for normal distributions. Measurements of interindividual variability in elimination half-lives, maximal blood concentrations, and AUC (area under the curve of blood concentration by time) have median values of log10 geometric standard deviations in the range of 0.11-0.145. For the median chemical, therefore, a tenfold difference in these pharmacokinetic parameters would correspond to 7-9 standard deviations in populations of normal healthy adults. For one relatively lipophilic chemical, however, interindividual variability in maximal blood concentration and AUC was 0.4--implying that a tenfold difference would correspond to only about 2.5 standard deviations for those parameters in the human population. The parameters studied to date are only components of overall susceptibility to toxic agents, and do not include contributions from variability in exposure- and response-determining parameters. The current study also implicitly excludes most human interindividual variability from age and illness. When these other sources of variability are included in an overall analysis of variability in susceptibility, it is likely that a tenfold difference will correspond to fewer standard deviations in the overall population, and correspondingly greater numbers of people at risk of toxicity. PMID- 3444930 TI - Integrating uncertainty and interindividual variability in environmental risk assessment. AB - An integrated, quantitative approach to incorporating both uncertainty and interindividual variability into risk prediction models is described. Individual risk R is treated as a variable distributed in both an uncertainty dimension and a variability dimension, whereas population risk I (the number of additional cases caused by R) is purely uncertain. I is shown to follow a compound Poisson binomial distribution, which in low-level risk contexts can often be approximated well by a corresponding compound Poisson distribution. The proposed analytic framework is illustrated with an application to cancer risk assessment for a California population exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane from ground water. PMID- 3444931 TI - Issues concerning the estimation of the TD50. AB - The TD50 (or tumorigenic dose rate 50) is a generally accepted measure of the carcinogenic potency of a chemical in a particular strain of animal. This paper discusses error in the estimation of the TD50 caused by intercurrent mortality and error resulting from consideration of only significant TD50's. Using computer simulations, we found that treatment-related toxicity had only a small effect on estimating the TD50, with errors seldom exceeding 5%. The TD50 is sensitive to changes in tumor lethality with errors ranging to as high as 50%. Many of these errors were significantly different from zero and the results suggest that potency estimation could be improved by basing the estimates upon the tumor incidence rate rather than upon the tumor death rate when an estimate of tumor lethality is obtainable. PMID- 3444932 TI - Associations between 1980 U.S. mortality rates and alternative measures of airborne particle concentration. AB - We analyzed the 1980 U.S. vital statistics and available ambient air pollution data bases for sulfates and fine, inhalable, and total suspended particles. Using multiple regression analyses, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between various particle measures and total mortality. Results from the various analyses indicated the importance of considering particle size, composition, and source information in modeling of particle pollution health effects. Of the independent mortality predictors considered, particle exposure measures related to the respirable and/or toxic fraction of the aerosols, such as fine particles and sulfates, were most consistently and significantly associated with the reported SMSA-specific total annual mortality rates. On the other hand, particle mass measures that included coarse particles (e.g., total suspended particles and inhalable particles) were often found to be nonsignificant predictors of total mortality. Furthermore, based on the application of fine particle source apportionment, particles from industrial sources (e.g., from iron/steel emissions) and from coal combustion were suggested to be more significant contributors to human mortality than soil-derived particles. PMID- 3444934 TI - Projections of cancer risks attributable to future exposure to asbestos. AB - To assess the maximum possible impact of further government regulation of asbestos exposure, projections were made of the use of asbestos in nine product categories for the years 1985-2000. A life table risk assessment model was then developed to estimate the excess cases of cancer and lost person-years of life likely to occur among those occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed to the nine asbestos product categories manufactured in 1985-2000. These estimates were made under the assumption that government regulation remains at its 1985 level. Use of asbestos in the nine product categories was predicted to decline in all cases except for friction products. The risk assessment results show that, although the cancer risks from future exposure to asbestos are significantly less than those from past exposures, in the absence of more stringent regulations, a health risk remains. PMID- 3444933 TI - Errors in estimates of smoking-related deaths derived from nonsmoker mortality. AB - A number of recent analyses have computed present and future costs associated with a risk by estimating what would happen if the risk were absent. Two sources of bias are associated with this approach: (1) differences in confounding factors between present risk avoiders and risk takers, and (2) the difficulty of selecting an unbiased sample of risk avoiders. A staff memo from the Office of Technology Assessment used this approach to estimate mortality due to smoking. Numbers of deaths and age at death distributions of U.S. smokers and nonsmokers for all causes, all cancers, lung cancers, heart disease, and cerebrovascular lesions are used to assess the accuracy of these estimates. Large errors in the OTA estimates are found. Conditions are discussed that might help reduce errors from this approach. PMID- 3444935 TI - Use of risk assessment methods in the certification of decontaminated buildings. AB - Accidental events such as fires, explosions, and leaks often result in large scale contaminations of buildings with toxic chemicals. After decontamination, the certification for original use requires testing for residual contamination. The two basic kinds of sampling plans in use up to recently both fall short of the required performance. Their deficiencies are analyzed in terms of the scientific questions implicit in both the sampling plan and the subsequent statistical evaluation. A sampling strategy of a new kind is proposed and discussed in the same context. It is motivated by concern for the long-term safety of the building's occupants and is, therefore, based on factors important in risk assessment. Three different sampling plans are derived in the framework of this methodology, two of which have already been used in actual certification proceedings. PMID- 3444936 TI - Sensitivity and uncertainty studies of the CRAC2 computer code. AB - We have studied the sensitivity of health impacts from nuclear reactor accidents, as predicted by the CRAC2 computer code, to the following sources of uncertainty: (1) the model for plume rise, (2) the model for wet deposition, (3) the meteorological bin-sampling procedure for selecting weather sequences with rain, (4) the dose conversion factors for inhalation as affected by uncertainties in the particle size of the carrier aerosol and the clearance rates of radionuclides from the respiratory tract, (5) the weathering half-time for external ground surface exposure, and (6) the transfer coefficients for terrestrial foodchain pathways. Predicted health impacts usually showed little sensitivity to use of an alternative plume-rise model or a modified rain-bin structure in bin-sampling. Health impacts often were quite sensitive to use of an alternative wet-deposition model in single-trial runs with rain during plume passage, but were less sensitive to the model in bin-sampling runs. Uncertainties in the inhalation dose conversion factors had important effects on early injuries in single-trial runs. Latent cancer fatalities were moderately sensitive to uncertainties in the weathering half-time for ground-surface exposure, but showed little sensitivity to the transfer coefficients for terrestrial foodchain pathways. Sensitivities of CRAC2 predictions to uncertainties in the models and parameters also depended on the magnitude of the source term, and some of the effects on early health effects were comparable to those that were due only to selection of different sets of weather sequences in bin-sampling. PMID- 3444937 TI - On the use of the cause table in handling common cause events in system analysis. AB - A method is presented for applying the cause table concept to the problem of common cause events. This method can be regarded as an alternative to the approach in which these events are included directly into the system fault trees. In comparison with this approach, the cause table method offers the advantage of simple fault trees, convenient visibility of the contributions of causes, and the ability to truncate the numerical calculation conveniently by aggregating small terms into an "other" category. Generally speaking, the cause table method can be said to handle common causes at the level of arithmetic (i.e., numbers) rather than at the level of algebra (determining cutsets and frequency equations). PMID- 3444938 TI - [Correction of architectural defects by femoral osteotomy and/or shelf procedure in the treatment of secondary coxarthrosis in adult]. AB - One hundred and forty-nine cases of secondary osteoarthritis of the hip have been analysed. Twenty-eight were treated by a simple shelf operation, 60 by a varus upper femoral osteotomy with or without derotation and 61 by a combination of the two, in an attempt to re-establish the anatomy of the hip to as near normal as possible. The consequences of the operations and their morbidity were analysed for the whole series. Thirty-four patients, only five of whom were operated on both sides were reviewed after a 10 year follow-up or more with 30 good results in 39 hips. The results seem to depend above all on the quality of the articular congruence and the acetabular cover. These procedures are intended, in general, for young adults between 20 and 45 years of age. They can equally be considered up to the age of sixty as an alternative to total hip arthroplasty when the clinical and radiological condition makes it possible. PMID- 3444939 TI - [Study by radioactive microspheres of bone microcirculation in aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head]. AB - Thirty-two hips affected by aseptic necrosis, four of them post-traumatic and 12 contralateral hips thought to be healthy have been studied by combining superselective arteriography with the injection of radioactive microspheres. It has been possible to show that aseptic necrosis begins with a global ischaemia and is followed by an incomplete revascularisation leaving a necrotic area. On the border between the two areas hypervascularity produces a zone of fragility where microfractures develop with detachment of a sequestrum. The presumed opposite hip is almost always, even in traumatic lesions, the site of a hypovascularity which seems to suggest a predisposition to the lesion. There is a correlation between radiological and clinical worsening and the development of revascularisation in the femoral head. PMID- 3444940 TI - [Recurrent anterior luxation of the shoulder occurring after the age of 40]. AB - Twenty-four recurrent dislocations of the shoulder with an onset after the age of 40 years have been operated on using the Trillat technique. The results have been studied with a mean follow-up of 10 years. This type of lesion, which is not rare, forming five per cent of cases in the authors series between 1953 and 1982, deserves separate consideration because of the frequency of associated rupture of the rotator cuff which seems to arise as a consequence of the first dislocation. There were 75 per cent of indirect tuberosity signs and 20 per cent of elevations of the humeral head before operation. It is responsible for osteoarthritis in the shoulder found in the follow-up. There were 70 per cent of osteoarthritic shoulders and 50 per cent of cases with elevation of the humeral head. The clinical results obtained, without any associated procedures on the cuff, were investigated by the criteria established for the surgery of shoulder instability (Rowe). They were satisfactory, with 63 per cent of good objective results and 88 per cent of satisfied patients. There appears to be a beneficial effect from the downward displacement of the subscapularis which should be taken into account as well as consideration of treatment for the lesions of the rotator cuff. PMID- 3444941 TI - [Ender's so-called alignment nailing in the treatment of trochanteric fractures in the young adult, and under certain circumstances: is it reasonable? Study of a series of 50 cases]. AB - The technique and results of an original method of "alignment Ender's nailing", combining standard Ender's nailing with post-operative traction is described. This method is directed towards young patients in two well-defined situations: the complexity of the trochanteric fracture and the debilitation of the patient. A consecutive series of 50 cases have been analysed. There were no infections and no technical failures. A detailed study of hip and knee function and of the anatomical reconstruction in both antero-posterior and lateral planes with a mean follow-up of 20 months has shown 82.6 per cent of good and very good results. PMID- 3444942 TI - [Weight-bearing early after osteosynthesis of the femoral neck by nail-plate (100 cases)]. AB - One hundred trochanteric or transcervical fractures, 64 of which were in patients more than 75 years old, were treated by internal fixation with a THS nail-plate. This device is characterised by a better bending strength than a one-piece nail plate and a design which limits the risk of displacement of the screw in the head so that immediate weight-bearing can be allowed. Weight was borne on the limb in 81 cases at the tenth post-operative day. It did not improve the mortality, there being 17 deaths by the third month but it greatly helped post-operative care and rehabilitation without producing any additional complications. As a result, 43 per cent of patients could return home by the 45th post-operative day and 74 per cent had recovered their previous level of autonomy within three months of operation. There were only four mechanical complications, all in transcervical fractures: one crack fracture in the femoral head and three displacements following inadequate reduction, treated by prosthetic replacement. The follow-up of 80 patients at three months showed that consolidation always developed between the 45th and 90th day with full weight-bearing and a stable radiological picture. There was no intra-articular penetration or bending of the screw and no break-out of the implant. Whilst it is a definite advance in the treatment of trochanteric fractures, a longer follow-up is needed to determine its place compared with prostheses in transcervical fractures. PMID- 3444943 TI - [External fixation in open fractures of leg. Analysis of traps and complications of the method]. AB - A consecutive series of 51 compound tibial fractures treated by external fixation have been reviewed. All the cases whose progress was marred by complications were analysed separately. From this analysis, the following conclusions have been reached: 1. A gap at the fracture site, due to loss of bone substance or to distraction of the fragments should be treated as soon as possible by bone grafts. 2. Inadequate reduction should be corrected at the time of primary treatment. 3. Pins inserted into the region of the fracture should be repositioned early to prevent infection along the pin tracks. 4. If a sequestrum is evident, it is often necessary to remove such a focus of infection. 5. Weight bearing, whenever feasible, should be started as soon as possible. A patellar tendon-bearing orthosis or unilateral semi-elastic external fixation are possible satisfactory solutions in this respect. 6. When the fracture site is infected and contains necrotic fragments, the superiority of external fixation over internal fixation is obvious. The method makes it possible to stabilise the fragments without interfering with local healing and allows the exposed bone to be covered in a stable environment. Because of this analysis of the complications and pitfalls of external fixation, we have been able to put forward a regimen of treatment that may improve results. PMID- 3444945 TI - [Dangers of ischiectomy in ulcers in the paraplegic patient. Review of 236 records]. AB - Two hundred and thirty-six paraplegics were operated on for unilateral or bilateral ischial ulceration between 1956 and 1981. A study was made of the long term results, of the development of recurrences or bilateral involvement in unilateral lesions, of secondary complications and of their treatment and consequences. A distinction was made between procedures involving removal of the ischium and those with preservation of bone. The results, with a follow-up of one to 28 years were less satisfactory after extensive bony resection. Recurrence reached 50 per cent and a contralateral ulcer developed in up to 50 per cent. In contrast, when the ischium was preserved, these figures were respectively 20 per cent and 10 per cent. Complications such as the appearance of other pressure sores, or of perineal or urethral lesions occurred in 50 per cent of cases in which both ischia were resected but did not reach 15 per cent if the ischia were preserved. The analysis of these complications, their etiology and their outcome, with eleven deaths and two disarticulated hips implies the need to treat these ulcerations without removing the ischium. Infection and osteomyelitis can be healed without sacrifice of bone with at most one or two procedures preceding a plastic procedure. Myocutaneous flaps can be used to fill the lesions and to cover the bone with the help of proximal mobilisation of the hamstring muscles. PMID- 3444944 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta treated during growth by intramedullary nailing by the Sofield method. Outcome in adults]. AB - Since 1985 we have used the early surgical treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta described by Sofield, even in the most severe forms of the disease. Twenty-six patients who had reached adult age have been reviewed. Whilst the functional prognosis is relatively favourable in Sillence type I cases, it is not the same for severe type III cases. In these forms, the spine and chest deformities can affect the prognosis for life. The functional state of these patients in adult life is disappointing and many of them subside progressively into the comfort of a wheelchair. Nevertheless, this assessment at the end of growth has confirmed the principles of a surgical approach, even if, at the present time, our attitude is more reserved in severe cases. Very considerable progress in treatment has resulted from telescopic rods. The improvement in prognosis seems now to depend on taking account of the spinal problem in osteogenesis imperfecta. Early surgery on a spine that is, as yet, slightly deformed should be considered in severe forms of the disease. PMID- 3444946 TI - [Total paralysis of the brachial plexus. Value of the preservation of the limb and the restoration of active flexion of the elbow]. AB - Twenty-six cases of complete brachial plexus paralysis treated surgically have been studied with particular regard to the function of the preserved limb after at least four years. A partial reinnervation was attempted in 27 cases including six neurotisations in the absence of a useful nerve stump. Out of these 28 patients, 14 remained completely paralysed and 14 recovered active elbow flexion equal to or greater than grade 3. Examination of these young injured patients showed that: 1. The preservation of the limb was always preferable to amputation which was only requested by one patient. 2. Active flexion of the elbow greatly improved the functional result by allowing certain types of holding and gripping activity and the ability to put the paralysed and insensitive hand into the pocket or supported on a surface. It also limits downward dislocation of the shoulder which is often painful. PMID- 3444947 TI - [Injury rupture of flexors of the index finger complicating subcutaneous dislocations of the semilunar bone]. AB - A case is reported here of an unusual case of rupture of the flexor tendons of the index finger in the carpal tunnel complicating a subcutaneous displacement of a lunate bone. This was combined with a carpal tunnel syndrome with hypoaesthesia. The treatment, taking account of the age of the patient and the relative tolerance to the dislocation, consisted of a simple resection of the lunate to free the medial nerve together with a partial graft of the flexor digitorum profundus. PMID- 3444948 TI - [Influence of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in patients with typhoid fever]. PMID- 3444949 TI - [Transient myocardial ischemia of the newborn infant]. PMID- 3444950 TI - [Geographic variations of the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila in infants with acute infantile diarrhea and a healthy population]. PMID- 3444951 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 3444952 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux. Medical and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3444953 TI - [Heatstroke in infants]. PMID- 3444954 TI - [Natural development of the prepuce]. PMID- 3444955 TI - [Peritoneal cystic mesothelioma]. PMID- 3444956 TI - [Cerebellar hemorrhage and neurogenic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3444957 TI - [Structure of morbidity of adolescent outpatients in the eastern sector of Santiago]. PMID- 3444959 TI - The pathology of infectious bursal disease in indigenous Nigerian chickens. PMID- 3444958 TI - [Care of children with psychiatric problems at the primary level]. PMID- 3444960 TI - Application of a precipitinogen inhibition test in the detection of antibody to peste des petits ruminants virus. PMID- 3444962 TI - A perspective on respiratory diseases in intensively managed poultry in Nigeria. PMID- 3444961 TI - [Trial treatment of respiratory diseases of small ruminants in Sine-Saloum (Senegal) using a long-acting oxytetracycline]. PMID- 3444963 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in animals in Ile-Ife, Oyo State, Nigeria. PMID- 3444964 TI - Bovine anaplasmosis: clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in experimentally infected Nigerian cattle. PMID- 3444965 TI - [Trypanosomiasis in pig-farming in lower Zaire]. PMID- 3444966 TI - [High degree of tolerance to trypanosomiasis of dwarf Djallonke sheep and goats in the southern guinean area of Togo. Comparison with trypanosoma tolerant cattle]. PMID- 3444967 TI - [Glossina in Brazzaville. II. Level of infection and dietary status of populations]. PMID- 3444968 TI - [Glossina in Brazzaville. III. Vector role in animal and human trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 3444969 TI - [First quantitative inventory of Tabanidae (Diptera) in northern French Guiana]. PMID- 3444970 TI - [Efficacy of chlorfenvinphos in cattle-tick control in the North-Western Cameroon]. PMID- 3444971 TI - [Electrophoretic fractions of plasma proteins in Adale ewes (Ethiopia). Changes as a function of the physiological state, blood copper and the antiparasite treatment]. PMID- 3444972 TI - [Cytogenetic study of Creole cattle bred in Guadeloupe]. PMID- 3444973 TI - Multiple forms of bovine pepsinogen: isolation and identification in serum from calves with ostertagiasis. AB - By using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) a new form of bovine pepsinogen has been identified. Compared with the previously isolated pepsinogen (PG I) the new pepsinogen (PG II) is less mobile on agarose electrophoresis, is eluted earlier from an anion-exchange column and is 30 times less abundant. Agarose electrophoresis identified PG I in the serum of calves given third stage Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, while FPLC identified both PG I and PG II in such serum. PMID- 3444974 TI - Pharmacokinetics of albendazole administered by an intraruminal pulse release electronic device in cattle. AB - Albendazole was administered to 12 young Charolais cattle, 300 kg bodyweight, using an intraruminal pulse release electronic device. The device released 2 g albendazole three times at 31 day intervals. The kinetic study of two main metabolites of albendazole in all animals at the time of each release showed that on 36 occasions the devices worked at the expected time; the mean kinetic profiles were nearly identical at first, second and third release. A good repeatability was generally also noticed for each animal individually; the bioavailability of the drug did not seem to be different from that obtained after administration of albendazole as an oral drench. PMID- 3444976 TI - Skeletal changes in broiler chicks and turkey poults fed diets containing ochratoxin A. AB - Broiler chicks and turkey poults were divided at hatching into experimental and control groups. Experimental birds were fed a diet contaminated with 4 ppm ochratoxin A, whereas the ration of control birds was confirmed to be mycotoxin free. Birds were killed at fortnightly intervals up to 10 weeks old and skeletal changes were investigated. Almost all experimental birds developed generalised skeletal osteopenia with disturbed endochondral and intramembranous bone formation. Histological changes in diaphyseal cortices could account for the reduced breaking strength of bones from birds fed mycotoxin, which have been reported by others. One bird showed changes consistent with a diagnosis of hypophosphataemic rickets. In others, however, osteoid formation was defective and changes were interpreted as osteoporosis. Although it might be tempting to suggest that osteoporosis is a result of a direct toxic effect of ochratoxin on osteoblasts, the effect of inanition, inactivity and general debility may be equally important. PMID- 3444975 TI - Boophilus microplus: passage of bovine immunoglobulins and albumin across the gut of cattle ticks feeding on normal or vaccinated cattle. AB - Cattle were vaccinated with antigens from adult female Boophilus microplus and haemolymph was collected from female ticks which had engorged on these animals and on matched control cattle. Radio-immunoassay for bovine plasma proteins in haemolymph from ticks fed on control cattle showed low concentrations of IgG1 and albumin. There was a significant increase in bovine plasma proteins passing across the gut in ticks fed on vaccinated cattle, with an average of 150 times more albumin and four to five times more IgG1 in the haemolymph. Ticks with obviously damaged gut had the highest concentrations of bovine plasma proteins but apparently undamaged ticks from vaccinated cattle also had elevated protein concentrations. PMID- 3444978 TI - Mucosal IgA production and lymph cell traffic following prolonged low level infections of Ostertagia circumcincta in sheep. AB - Some aspects of the local immune response to daily challenge with 2000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae were studied by monitoring changes in the composition of gastric lymph of naive and previously infected sheep. The main changes in the naive group were increases in lymphoblast output and concentrations of pepsinogen whereas lymph albumin values decreased markedly and IgA concentrations were usually unchanged. In contrast, in the previously infected sheep, the continuous challenge stimulated only transient increases in lymphoblast and IgA containing cell traffic whereas lymph IgA and pepsinogen concentrations remained elevated throughout the experiment. By temporarily interrupting the challenge in a second group of previously infected sheep it was shown that elevated IgA and pepsinogen values were maintained only if larval intake was continuous. PMID- 3444977 TI - Role of glucosinolates in the causation of liver haemorrhages in laying hens fed water-extracted or heat-treated rapeseed cakes. AB - Glucosinolates were removed from whole rapeseed by a hot-water extraction procedure or depleted by heat treatment. When laying hens were maintained for three months on diets containing about 300 g kg-1 of these rapeseed cakes, the incidence of liver haemorrhages detected at post mortem examination was similar to that in birds maintained on 300 g kg-1 commercial rapeseed meal and significantly greater than in control birds fed soya-based diets. The effectiveness of glucosinolate extraction or depletion was determined by chemical analysis and by histological examination of the thyroid glands. Histologically the haemorrhages were similar after feeding extracted and commercial rapeseed meals. Diets containing mixtures of nitriles and glucosinolates severely depressed food intake and egg production but did not cause a greater incidence of haemorrhages than the other rapeseed products tested. Mortality from causes other than liver haemorrhage was higher with the diets containing rapeseed and this suggests that rapeseed has a more generalised effect on the body's defence mechanisms. These observations suggest that other factors in rapeseed meal, alone or acting with glucosinolates, may be responsible for inducing liver haemorrhages in laying hens. PMID- 3444979 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulphobromophthalein, lidocaine and indocyanine green in the course of subclinical fascioliasis in sheep. AB - The pharmacokinetics of three drugs proposed for the assessment of liver function: sulphobromophthalein (BSP), lidocaine and indocyanine green (ICG) were determined in sheep four, eight, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after their infestation by an oral administration of 150 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. The disposition of BSP was altered by a significant decrease in its total plasma clearance from eight weeks after infection onwards. This change could be related to the low values of the elimination rate constant consistent with a reduced liver cytosolic conjugation of the dye to glutathione. Lidocaine pharmacokinetics were unaffected by parasitism and the only effect on ICG was an increased volume of distribution consistent with the liver hypertrophy caused by the subclinical fascioliasis. PMID- 3444980 TI - Haematology and morphological changes in young broiler chicks with experimentally induced hypoxia. AB - The haematology, histology and ultrastructure of day-old broiler chicks subject to experimentally induced hypoxia during incubation were examined. Some birds were allowed to reach five weeks old before examination. All the red blood cell parameters, namely, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red cell counts were raised significantly in hypoxic birds compared with control material and the results closely resembled the haematological profile of young broilers with an ascitic syndrome. By week 5 these parameters had returned to normal. Morphological changes were seen in all the organs examined from day-old hypoxic chicks. The lungs showed much congestion and large numbers of granulocytes were present in hearts, and testes. In the livers, hepatocytes contained enlarged mitochondria together with a reduction in glycogen content. Congested lungs were seen at five weeks old but recovery to normal morphology was observed in all other organs. PMID- 3444981 TI - A novel nigrostriatal dopaminergic disorder in sheep affected by Tribulus terrestris staggers. AB - An investigation was carried out into the pathogenesis of a unique locomotory disorder of sheep. Thirty sheep which had exhibited clinical signs for more than 15 months were examined for the presence of muscle atrophy, limb paresis, and spontaneous rotational behaviour. A single large dose of levodopa was administered to 12 normal and 12 affected sheep, and the drug-related effects of sedation and excitation were monitored continuously for three hours. The striatum was removed from eight normal and eight affected sheep and assayed for dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). The findings of asymmetrical atrophy of pelvic limb extensor muscles, asymmetrical paresis of the limbs, a left:right dominance ratio of 50:50, spontaneous rotational behaviour, decreased response to levodopa loading, and decreased levels of DA (19 per cent reduction) and DOPAC (30 per cent reduction) in the striatum of affected sheep, were interpreted as indicative of a primary nigrostriatal dopaminergic disorder. It is suggested that a striatal presynaptic receptor malfunction has occurred. PMID- 3444982 TI - Experimental systems which modify and simulate rapeseed-induced liver haemorrhages in in-lay hens. AB - The occurrence of liver haemorrhages was compared when diets containing 30 or 40 per cent rapeseed meal (RSM) or 30 per cent soybean meal (SBM), with and without experimental additives, were fed to in-lay hens of a commercial egg-producing strain for 12 weeks. The incidence of haemorrhages was significantly greater when the birds were maintained on the basal (unsupplemented) RSM diet than on the equivalent SBM diet. Haemorrhages were either small and infrequent, minute and multiple as in peliosis hepatis, or large enough to rupture the liver capsule. They might be recent or old and encapsulated, sometimes both varieties affecting the same specimen, and they occurred in any part of the liver. Histologically, hepatocyte necrosis and reticulin derangement were not detected in livers without gross haemorrhages and even in those with haemorrhages these abnormalities were only seen closely adjacent to haemorrhages or to foci of eosinophilic fibrinoid. In some instances there was sinusoidal ectasia. Separate additions of 50 g dried skimmed milk powder, 0.5 g zinc oxide, 0.25 g ferrous sulphate or 2.0 mg selenium (as sodium selenite) kg-1 to the basal RSM diet did not significantly modify the incidence of haemorrhage. Ferrous sulphate slightly reduced goitrogenicity. Supplements of 2.2 mg menadione and 1.0 g sodium phenobarbital kg-1 RSM diet induced slight reductions in the number of cases of liver haemorrhage or their severity, indicating that the multifunction oxidase system may be involved in rapeseed hepatotoxicity. The addition of 0.5 g methimazole kg-1 to the basal SBM diet induced severe colloid goitre but did not induce liver haemorrhage. Both thiouracil (0.5 g kg-1 diet) and beta-aminopropionitrile (0.5 g and 2.5 g kg-1 diet) when added to the basal SBM diet induced liver haemorrhages which did not differ in incidence or histological appearance from those induced by RSM. Hyperplastic goitre was caused by thiouracil. Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by sodium taurolithocholate, bilirubin and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate and extrahepatic cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation resulted in hepatocyte necrosis but not gross liver haemorrhages. Spontaneous deaths due to conditions other than liver haemorrhages were significantly more numerous in RSM-fed than SBM-fed hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3444983 TI - Seasonal variation in blood biochemistry of long-term captive Mediterranean tortoises (Testudo graeca and T hermanni). AB - Reference values for five blood chemistry parameters in 18 Mediterranean tortoises of two species, Testudo graeca and T hermanni, were determined on up to 10 occasions during the year. Statistically significant seasonal variations were demonstrated in blood urea and blood glucose. Seasonal variations were demonstrated in blood urea and blood glucose. Seasonal variations in total plasma proteins, lipids and cholesterol, however, were limited to gravid females. The study also suggested that three energy sources were available to the tortoise during hibernation, lipids stored in the fat body, endogenous protein degradation and glucose derived from hepatic glycogen. PMID- 3444984 TI - Experimental myopathy in vitamin E- and selenium-depleted calves with and without added dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as a model for nutritional degenerative myopathy in ruminant cattle. AB - Fourteen calves, 14 weeks old, fed a low vitamin E and selenium diet based on sodium hydroxide-treated, selenium-deficient barley showed a rapid decline in plasma alpha-tocopherol, a gradual decline in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activity, elevated plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, teeth grinding and (in three cases) electrocardiographic changes, but no clinical abnormalities after 127 to 137 days. Necropsy of six depleted calves at that stage revealed pale muscles in two animals and mild histopathological lesions of skeletal myopathy in all six calves. Ten control calves were fed a similar diet supplemented with alpha-tocopherol and selenium. Plasma alpha-tocopherol and erythrocyte GSHPX activity remained high in these calves and no clinical abnormalities or evidence of myodegeneration were observed. When protected linseed oil was fed as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the remaining eight depleted calves, rapid elevations in plasma CK activity and linolenic acid associated with a variety of cardiopulmonary and locomotory signs, electrocardiographic changes and myoglobinuria occurred within six to 11 days. Necropsy revealed widespread severe skeletal myodegeneration (eight calves) and myocardial lesions (five calves) with preferential involvement of the left ventricular myocardium. Clinical signs and pathological changes were similar to those reported in field outbreaks of nutritional degenerative myopathy in ruminant cattle and establish the experimental regime as the first successful model for reproduction of this disease. PMID- 3444985 TI - Fractionation and characterisation of the cysticercus of Taenia solium. AB - Fractionation by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of a saline extract of Cysticercus cellulosae scolex antigen yielded three distinct fractions associated with distinct peaks. These fractions were analysed by double immunodiffusion (DID) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). The three peaks gave five, four and three antigenic determinants, respectively, by DID with homologous hyperimmune rabbit serum. However, the same serum gave nine antigenic determinants of scolex antigen by DID and 11 components by IEP. The IEP demonstrated seven and five antigenic components in the first two peaks. The first peak gave a stronger reaction in indirect haemagglutination than the others. There were common antigenic components in C cellulosae and C tenuicollis antigens. PMID- 3444986 TI - Follicle and fibre characteristics of Indian pashmina goats. AB - The hair follicle and fibre characteristics of Cheghu and Changthangi pashmina goats are reported. The average numbers of primary follicles mm-2 were 6.80, 5.20, 5.67 and 4.00; secondary follicles 42.40, 27.10, 38.56 and 29.67; secondary to primary follicle ratio 6.46, 5.78, 6.79 and 7.60; total follicle population 49.20, 32.30, 44.22 and 33.67 in Cheghu females, Cheghu males, Changthangi females and Changthangi males, respectively. The breed difference was not significant for any of these traits, but the sex difference was significant for a number of secondary follicles and total density. Study of fleece characteristics of Cheghu goats in a 1 cm2 area of five body regions, namely, neck, shoulder, mid side, flank and abdomen, showed that females had finer fibres (12.06 to 12.12 micron) than males (13.04 to 13.64 micron) in all regions. The pashmina length, pashmina diameter and fibre thickness ratio were significantly different between sexes and between body regions but hair/pashmina ratio and pashmina yield were significant for sex and body regions, respectively. PMID- 3444988 TI - Attempted induction of local Shwartzman reaction in the chicken. AB - Chickens and rabbits were injected intradermally with an endotoxin, namely Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-four hours later, LPS was again administered intravenously to induce a local Shwartzman reaction. A typical cutaneous inflammatory reaction developed in rabbits, but not in chickens. Even very high doses of LPS, that made the birds visibly sick, failed to elicit the reaction. The results suggest that chickens are refractory to the Shwartzman reaction. A noteworthy feature of the chickens' response to intradermal endotoxin was the formation of prominent perivascular lymphoid aggregates. PMID- 3444987 TI - Ovine babesiosis: induction of a protective immune response with crude extracts of either Babesia bovis or B ovis. AB - Adult sheep were vaccinated twice with crude extracts of either Babesia bovis or B ovis parasites in Freund's complete adjuvant, four weeks apart. Three weeks later these two groups and a third susceptible group were challenged with B ovis organisms. Both vaccinated groups had significantly lower parasitaemias than control animals. PMID- 3444989 TI - Three-step procedure for isolation of epithelial cells from the lungs of sheep with jaagsiekte. AB - An efficient and reproducible technique is described for the isolation of transformed sheep pulmonary adenomatosis cells. It includes three basic steps: prolonged trypsinisation to kill fibroblasts, magnetic removal of macrophages and adherence to remove the rapidly adherent cells. The resultant preparations of lung cells were enriched to 96.6 per cent type 2 pneumocytes. PMID- 3444990 TI - Binding patterns of five monoclonal antibodies to Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies were obtained after immunising mice with superficial antigens of three strains representing serovars 1 to 3 of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuro-pneumoniae. When tested in ELISA against the standard strains representing serovars 1 to 10, the monoclonal antibody raised against the standard strain of serovar 1 reacted only with that strain. Of the three monoclonal antibodies raised against the standard strain of serovar 3, one reacted with serovars 3 and 8 only, another with serovar 7 only and the third with the strains representing serovars 7, 9 and 10. The monoclonal antibodies produced with the serovar 2 strain also reacted with a wide spectrum of strains, representing serovars 7 to 10. PMID- 3444991 TI - Inhibitors of the haemolysin activity of Treponema hyodysenteriae in swine and human sera. AB - Sera of various species inhibit the activity of haemolysin produced by Treponema hyodysenteriae. Low density and high density lipoprotein fractions from swine and human sera suppressed the haemolysin, with no single class of lipoproteins in swine serum showing predominant activity. Albumin, immunoglobulin G or blood sugars in swine serum showed no inhibitory activities. PMID- 3444992 TI - Results of endolymphatic sac to mastoid shunt surgery for Meniere's disease, refractory to medical therapy. PMID- 3444993 TI - [Tympanosclerosis and the ventilation tube]. PMID- 3444994 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the incudostapedial joint. PMID- 3444995 TI - [X-ray computed tomography and cholesteatoma]. PMID- 3444996 TI - [Clinical and pathological considerations of inverted papillomas]. PMID- 3444997 TI - [Inverted papillomas of the nasal fossae and sinuses. Apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 3444998 TI - [A little known cause of cervicomediastinitis by hypopharyngeal perforation: tracheal intubation]. PMID- 3444999 TI - Congenital anomalies of the incus and stapes. PMID- 3445000 TI - Intranasal encephalomeningocele--case report. PMID- 3445001 TI - [Labyrinth syndromes and perilymphatic fistulae]. PMID- 3445002 TI - [Surgical technic of total reconstruction of the external ear in cases of major agenesis: use of a costal cartilage graft]. PMID- 3445003 TI - [Use of polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE Gore Tex)]. PMID- 3445005 TI - Testicular pathology. PMID- 3445004 TI - [Our experience with a new prosthesis of ossicle replacement: Moretz's prosthesis]. PMID- 3445006 TI - Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. PMID- 3445007 TI - Epidemiology of idiopathic IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445008 TI - The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445009 TI - Immunoglobulin production in vitro in IgA nephropathy and Henoch Schonlein purpura. PMID- 3445010 TI - The bone marrow as a possible origin of the IgA1 deposited in the mesangium in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445011 TI - Studies on the mechanism producing solubilization of immune precipitates in the serum of patients with primary IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445012 TI - Proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445014 TI - Primary IgA nephropathy: from the first-described cases to the present. PMID- 3445013 TI - Natural history of IgA nephropathy in patients followed-up for more than ten years in Spain. PMID- 3445015 TI - Long-term follow-up of IgA mesangial nephropathy: clinico-histological study in 374 patients. PMID- 3445016 TI - Acute changes in renal function in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445017 TI - The incidence, mode of presentation, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy in northeast Scotland. PMID- 3445018 TI - Kidney survival in IgA nephropathy: multiple regression analysis of genetically differing subpopulations--is IgA nephropathy a real disease entity? PMID- 3445019 TI - The course of disease in patients with nephrotic syndrome and IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3445020 TI - IgA nephropathy in patients followed-up for at least ten years. PMID- 3445022 TI - IgA nephropathy: heterogeneous clinical pictures and steroid therapy in progressive cases. PMID- 3445021 TI - IgA nephritis in Singapore: clinical, prognostic indices, and treatment. PMID- 3445023 TI - Natural history of IgA nephropathy in Japan. PMID- 3445024 TI - [Asthma. Current concepts]. PMID- 3445025 TI - [Hypertension in pregnancy]. PMID- 3445026 TI - [HIV virus infection and the perinatal period]. AB - The incidence of HIV infection in women is increasing steadily. It has been estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 French women in child-bearing age are seropositive for HIV. The risk of a seropositive woman transmitting the virus to her child is 40-50 p. 100, and the child will often develop AIDS during the first two years of life. For this reason, seropositive women should be dissuaded to become pregnant or the pregnancy should be interrupted within the normal time limits. Since no effective treatment of AIDS is available at present, prevention is of paramount importance. It consists of detecting seropositive women and above all fighting against intravenous drug addiction and spreading information on the risk of contamination by sexual intercourse. PMID- 3445027 TI - [Value of the study of biological autoimmunity in gyneco-obstetrical pathology]. AB - The relationship between autoimmunity and obstetrical pathology is reviewed in the light of data from the literature and of the authors' own experience. The link, already demonstrated, between recurrent spontaneous abortion and the risk factor represented by antibodies directed against phospholipids (circulating anticoagulant antibodies of the lupus type, anticordiolipin antibody) is described, and the pathogenetic theories concerning these antibodies are presented, together with the treatments used for routine prevention of the foetal and maternal risk (corticosteroids, anti-platelet drugs, heparin). The results of screening for antinuclear antibodies in 354 non-pregnant women are reported. Antinuclear antibodies were present in titers of 1/100 in 4.2 percent and 1/50 in 8.7 percent of these women. In the same category of women the frequency of antithyroid antibodies was as high as 12 percent. These data should encourage routine examination for auto-antibodies before and during pregnancy in order to evaluate and prevent the obstetrical risk to which these women are exposed. PMID- 3445028 TI - [Autoimmune pathology and esthetic surgery. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report the case of a 46-year old woman who, 7 years after bilateral implantation of a silicone breast prosthesis, presented with a seropositive rheumatoid arthritis involving the shoulders, wrists, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of both hands, as well as the knees and ankles. Six months after the onset of the arthritis, she developed a Raynaud's syndrome and a lacrymal and salivary dry syndrome with unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. No regression followed the removal of the breast prostheses, one of which was found broken. PMID- 3445030 TI - [Biliary excretion of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime]. AB - The biliary excretion of cefotaxime (CTX) and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxime (DSCTX) was measured by HPLC in 9 recently cholecystectomized-patients following the IV injection of 15 mg/kg body weight of CTX. The totality of bile was collected by an original procedure: the inflated balloon of a Fogarty catheter was introduced into the distal branch of a Kehr drain T-tube. Biliary clearance of CTX and DSCTX was measured for 8 h. Cefotaxime peaked at 90 min. after injection at 34.5 +/- 15.3 micrograms/ml; in the 7-8 h sample it was 2.7 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml. DSCTX peaked at the same time at 49.3 +/- 17.0 micrograms/ml, and was 4.6 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 8 h. The bile/serum ratio of CTX and DSCTX concentration was 1 from the 1st to the 8th hours (range: 1.35 +/- 1.08 to 11.0 +/- 3.1). The biliary clearance of CTX was 0.190 ml/min. The total amounts of CTX and DSCTX eliminated in bile were respectively 1050 +/- 472.8 micrograms and 1902.7 +/- 804.1 micrograms (0.093 +/- 0.041 p. 100 of the dose and 0.186 +/- 0.077 p. 100 of the dose). Considering the minimum inhibitory concentration of the pathogens currently encountered in the biliary sepsis, CTX should be a suitable antimicrobial agent for the treatment of biliary infections. PMID- 3445029 TI - [Immunologic thrombopenic purpura and HIV infection in heroin addicts]. AB - The authors have studied the clinical aspects and mechanism of the thrombocytopenia observed in heroin addicts in the light of recently published data. This relatively frequent complication of intravenous drug addiction must be related to the immunological disturbances caused by carriage of the HIV virus. The evolutive characteristics of thrombocytopenia in such cases and the therapeutic implications of this association between thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired immunodeficiency are discussed. PMID- 3445031 TI - [Sleep apnea disclosing hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3445032 TI - [Polycythemia and Budd-Chiari syndrome in heterozygote beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 3445034 TI - [Acute pancreatitis induced by cimetidine]. PMID- 3445033 TI - [Q fever: diagnostic contribution of bone marrow biopsy. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3445035 TI - [Extradural lipomatosis and sudden paraplegia. Recovery after laminectomy]. PMID- 3445036 TI - [Insulin resistance of immunological origin in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient]. PMID- 3445037 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of hemostasis. Implications in ischemic arteriopathy]. PMID- 3445038 TI - [Silent myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3445040 TI - Abdominal manifestations of spasmophilia in children. PMID- 3445039 TI - [Infection with non-typhoid Salmonella in infants. Observations in 361 cases]. PMID- 3445041 TI - [Medical significance of the study of the anthropologic structure of adaptive behavior]. PMID- 3445042 TI - [Diagnosis of personality disorders, with reference to the international classification system]. PMID- 3445044 TI - [Our therapeutic approach in chronic anterior instability of the knee]. PMID- 3445043 TI - [Clinical contribution by double-blind studies in diazepam therapy of mental diseases]. PMID- 3445045 TI - [Transhiatal esophagectomy for multiple benign lesions]. PMID- 3445046 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn disease]. PMID- 3445047 TI - [Fractures of the femoral neck]. PMID- 3445049 TI - [Etiology of viral meningitis in Moldavia 1973-1985 and difficulties in laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 3445048 TI - [Family health in the context of healthy humans]. PMID- 3445051 TI - [Role of permeable myometrial junctions in the triggering of labor]. PMID- 3445050 TI - [Malignant transformation of chronic gastric ulcer]. PMID- 3445052 TI - [Clinical and laboratory observations regarding several correlations between obesity, atherosclerosis and essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3445054 TI - [Physical study of the interaction of tetracycline hydrochloride with macromolecules in aqueous solutions]. PMID- 3445053 TI - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis with onset after the age of 60]. PMID- 3445056 TI - [Synthesis of new pyridazine derivatives with biological activity]. PMID- 3445055 TI - [Possibilities of preserving aluminum phosphate gel]. PMID- 3445058 TI - [Septazulen in the treatment of ORL diseases]. PMID- 3445057 TI - [Research on the preparation of vials with drinkable N-acetylglutamic acid diethylaminoethanol for use in infants]. PMID- 3445059 TI - [Determination of hydroxy-ethyl-mercapturic acid by thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 3445060 TI - [Condylar fracture of the middle phalanx]. PMID- 3445061 TI - [Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. PMID- 3445062 TI - [Thyrotoxic crisis]. PMID- 3445064 TI - [Is it necessary to check donor hemoglobin before donation?]. PMID- 3445065 TI - [A weak B phenotype giving discordant reactions with monoclonal reagents]. PMID- 3445063 TI - [Neuroendocrine regulation of ovarian function. I]. PMID- 3445068 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the National Congress of the Mexican Gastroenterology Association. 1987]. PMID- 3445066 TI - [Preparation of blood enriched in neocytes: use of the Fenwal CS 3000 cell separator in automatic mode]. PMID- 3445067 TI - [Gastrointestinal endoscopy: an individual entity]. PMID- 3445070 TI - [Recessive hereditary ataxia with early onset. Clinical study of 27 cases]. AB - Twenty-seven patients with autosomal recessive ataxia were studied. According to diagnostic criteria proposed by Quebec Cooperative Study, fifteen cases were diagnosed as Friedreich's ataxia. The remaining twelve cases showed clinical features of the "Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained reflexes". The clinical differences between the two diseases are discussed. The high percentage of patients with "early onset cerebellar ataxia" is underlined. PMID- 3445069 TI - [Cerebral tuberculoma. Clinical case]. AB - The authors report of a patients operated for a double encephalic mass in the left posterior parietal region. This lesion resulted a tubercoloma at a later investigation. This pathology is relatively common in underdeveloped countries, declining in western countries. The authors emphasize the need of a careful evaluation in searching tuberculous infection in presence of encephalic granulomatous masses. PMID- 3445072 TI - [Karyotype in fortuitous familial meningioma. Report of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report a case of two sisters affected of intracranial meningioma, with no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. A study of the karyotype has been performed in the patients and in their family; in one sister we have found a pericentric inversion of one chromosome 9. The possible role of the chromosomal abnormality in the develop of familial meningioma is discussed. PMID- 3445071 TI - [Evoked potentials in idiopathic optic neuritis. Possibilities of early diagnosis of demyelinating disease]. AB - The AA. examined 36 uncomplicated ON (Optic neuritis) observed from 1-1-1970 to 31-12-1980. An ophthalmological, neurological, and electrophysiological test (VEP, SEP, BAER) is made on this patients from 1-1-1986 to 31-3-1986. The importance of the electrophysiological examination is evaluated to recognize subclinical Multiple Sclerosis. PMID- 3445073 TI - [Evaluation of cognitive functions in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Fifteen undialyzed and thirteen dialyzed patients affected by chronic renal failure were studied by means of an extensive neuropsychological battery with the aim of assessing the incidence of a deterioration of cognitive functions. Mean performances scores obtained by the two groups of patients were compared with analogous scores obtained by a group of control subjects similar as for literacy and age. The comparisons among the three groups did not reveal any difference as for performance scores obtained to various tasks nor for the global assessment derived for the entire battery. Furthermore our data do not point out any significative correlation between global performances on neuropsychological battery and blood levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen or duration of dialytic treatment of renal subjects. In conclusion, the results of our study do not show evidence of cognitive impairment in subjects affected by chronic renal failure and do not confirm the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of prolonged periods of dialytic treatment on cognitive functions. PMID- 3445074 TI - [Recognition of object figures in unusual perspective and mental imagery]. AB - Two cases are described: one with left occipital lesion and the other one with bilateral occipital damage; the first showed deficit of Mental Imagery and preserved recognition of pictures in unusual perspective; the second, vice-versa, showed integrity of Mental Imagery and deficit in visual recognition. The relationship between Mental Imagery and recognition of pictures in unusual perspective is discussed. PMID- 3445075 TI - [Mercury intake with daily meals by selected population groups]. PMID- 3445077 TI - [Arsenic level in vegetables from the vicinity of various industrial plants]. PMID- 3445078 TI - [Metal levels in various food products]. PMID- 3445076 TI - [Levels of harmful elements in vegetables grown in gardening plots in Siedlce]. PMID- 3445079 TI - [Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and As) in the muscles, liver and kidneys of slaughter animals and game animals in the northern Poland 1984]. PMID- 3445080 TI - [Human health hazard caused by pollution of the natural environment by arsenic compounds]. PMID- 3445081 TI - [The physiological role of copper and its nutritive value. I. Distribution of copper in the body]. PMID- 3445082 TI - [Various pesticide residues in food products analysed 1980-1985. Organochlorine insecticides in various products of animal origin]. PMID- 3445083 TI - [Evaluation of nitrate and nitrite levels in daily meals of children]. PMID- 3445084 TI - [Nitrates, nitrites and group B vitamin levels in daily meals]. PMID- 3445085 TI - [Lunch left-overs in student hostels and restaurants]. PMID- 3445087 TI - [I-131 levels in the thyroid gland of dogs from the Warsaw area after the Chernobyl reactor accident]. PMID- 3445086 TI - [Natural antioxidants and malondialdehyde in human serum as an indicator of early exposure to substances of the petrochemical industry]. PMID- 3445088 TI - [Analysis of vitamin levels in krill fat]. PMID- 3445089 TI - [Determining the level of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in biological specimens of animal origin by gas chromatography]. PMID- 3445090 TI - [Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in water with added potassium nitrate]. PMID- 3445091 TI - [Keratinophilic fungi in the slime of the artificial lake Plawniowice]. PMID- 3445092 TI - [Psychophysical strain in junior high school students]. PMID- 3445093 TI - [Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the stomach]. AB - Sonography and computed tomography were the first imaging methods enabling the visualization of intramurally growing tumours of the stomach. The article reports on a rare case of a diffuse leiomyoma that was diagnosed by means of computed tomography. PMID- 3445094 TI - [Unusual dilatation of the colon in idiopathic megacolon in adulthood]. AB - This is a report on a 20-year old patient who had been suffering from chronic constipation from her childhood. After radiography of the colon in double contrast in December 1986 the patient was admitted to hospital under suspicion of a perforation of the colon. The radiographic demonstration of the abdomen showed an exceptional dilatation of some segments of the colon but without any signs of perforation by free intraperitoneal gas. Subsequent examination led to the diagnosis of an idiopathic megacolon whereas a congenital as well as symptomatic and toxic megacolon could be excluded. PMID- 3445096 TI - [Circulatory distribution of intravenously injected metallic mercury]. AB - The mode of distribution and sites of deposition of mercury are discussed on the basis of the example of a 21-year old female nurse who had injected 4.5 ml of metallic mercury into her left cubital vein with suicidal intent, the findings being compared with the reports by 11 other authors. In particular, the influence of gravity on the distribution in the organism is emphasised. The proof of the decrease of an intrapulmonarily deposited amount of mercury within the observation period of 14 months furnishes ample evidence of the importance of a chronic absorptive mercury intoxication. PMID- 3445095 TI - [Use of mucolytic agents and guaran Hepart (HP-7000) for imaging mucosal villi in double-contrast studies of the small intestine]. AB - It was the aim of this study to enhance the visualisation of mucosal villi by double contrast barium studies of the small bowel. Prior to the radiological examination a 2-day pretreatment with the mucolytic agents acetylcysteine or carbocisteine was effected. Double contrast studies were performed with a high molecular fraction of guaran HEPART (HP-7000), a hydrocolloid isolated from the seed endosperm of C. tetragonolobus added into contrast-medium and distention medium. Compared to double contrast studies without mucolytic therapy, this procedure results in a better transparency and demonstration of the mucosal villi shown by a granular pattern in the radiographs. High quality visualisation of intestinal villi was achieved in all patients studied. A 2-day pretreatment with carbocisteine or acetylcysteine and the use of guaran in the double contrast barium study of the small bowel results in a greatly enhanced visualisation of mucosal villi. PMID- 3445097 TI - [Radiologic detection of pulmonary artery hypertension]. AB - In 43 patients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease a catheterisation of the right heart with measurement of pulmonary artery pressure was performed. In a retrospective study several radiological parameters of pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on the chest radiographs of these patients. Considering those parameters on the p.a. and lateral chest radiograph, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure at rest can be made with great accuracy. When pulmonary artery pressure is elevated only during exercise, the accuracy of radiological diagnosis is much lower. PMID- 3445099 TI - [Food preferences of Culicidae mosquitoes in the Ribeira valley, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3445098 TI - The contribution of the Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health to the knowledge of Brazilian endemies. PMID- 3445100 TI - [Domiciliary frequency and endophylia of Culicidae mosquitoes in the Ribeira valley, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3445101 TI - [Epidemiological research on cases of yellow fever in the northwestern region of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3445102 TI - [The aging of the world population. A new challenge]. PMID- 3445103 TI - [Population aging: a Brazilian reality]. PMID- 3445104 TI - [Growth of the elderly population in Brazil: transformations and consequences in society]. PMID- 3445106 TI - [Nutritional value of the school lunch and its contribution to nutritional recommendations for preschool children, enrolled in the Center for the Education and Feeding of the Preschool Child]. PMID- 3445105 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of accidents in childhood]. PMID- 3445107 TI - [Health conditions of children of the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil), 1984-1985. V--Anemia]. PMID- 3445109 TI - [Research on Yersinia pestis in rodents and other small animals in a plague focus of the northeastern Brazil from 1966 to 1982]. PMID- 3445108 TI - [The period of infectivity of animals experimentally inoculated with Yersinia sp]. PMID- 3445111 TI - [Protection and health of the aged]. PMID- 3445110 TI - [Infant mortality in the United States, Sweden and State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3445112 TI - Exophilic behavior of Anopheles darlingi Root in a southern region of Brazil. PMID- 3445114 TI - [The school lunch in the feeding day of children enrolled at preschool education and feeding centers]. PMID- 3445113 TI - [Causes of perinatal mortality in Pelotas, RS (Brazil). Use of a simplified classification]. PMID- 3445115 TI - [Detection and treatment of patients with amblyopia in the city of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil]. PMID- 3445116 TI - [Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in Brazil. V--Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderi sp.n. and revision of Simulium (C.) laneportoi Vargas, 1941]. PMID- 3445117 TI - [Human relations based on group dynamics at a public service institution]. PMID- 3445118 TI - [Experimental contribution to the evaluation of the importance of changes in serum creatine kinase in the diagnosis of hypoxic brain damage]. PMID- 3445119 TI - [Experimental hypoxia and the development of the nervous system]. PMID- 3445121 TI - Technique of orchiopexy. Mobilization of cord length. AB - The various steps in a urological orchiopexy are described in detail; alignment of an everted testis, funiculolysis, retroperitoneal dissection and medial displacement of the cord. The extent of surgical dissection needed and the final position of the testis have been registered in 150 orchiopexies. The results are related to the primary position of the testicle and the anatomy of the gonad. Of five abdominal testicles only one reached a low scrotal position and all steps in the mobilization procedure were used. The remaining four testicles had deformities considered to involve infertility. Of 18 canalicular testes 17 reached the bottom of the scrotum and medial displacement was used in 13 patients. Of 123 subcutaneous testicles 93% were mobilized satisfactorily and all four steps in the mobilization procedure were needed in 72%. In all the patients where a low scrotal position could not be achieved, there was a normal testicle in the other hemiscrotum. PMID- 3445120 TI - [Ontogenic development of a model of human complex partial seizures--hippocampal after-discharges in laboratory rats]. PMID- 3445122 TI - The value of basic investigations in the diagnosis of impotence. AB - 172 patients with impotence symptoms were investigated by SBBBV-test, orthostatic blood pressure, Doppler examination of the superficial and deep penile arteries, penile-brachial index, visual sexual stimulation, papaverin test, and measurement of bulbocavernous reflex latency time. Visual sexual stimulation and papaverin test correlated well with each other, and so did papaverin test and PBI in cases of arterial insufficiency. SBBBV was simple to perform and useful in detecting autonomic neuropathy. There were characteristic differences in the pattern of erectile failure between young and old patients. The differentiation to organic or psychogenic erectile failure was easier in the young age groups, whereas the old patients more often had a combination of vascular and psychogenic aetiology. PMID- 3445123 TI - Ketoconazole high dose in the hormonal treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate. A pilot study. AB - Five previously untreated patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with the non-estrogenic antifungal agent Ketoconazole in high doses. A rapid fall in serum testosterone, adrenal androgens and serum prostatic acid phosphatases was recorded accompanied by a striking clinical response with reduction of skeletal pain and improvement of performance status. In one patient this was dramatically shown by reduction of a large pelvic tumor and associated edema of the left lower limb. Side-effects such as weakness, fatigue and loss of appetite made four of the patients withdraw from the study. Serum testosterone and serum prostatic acid phosphatase initially suppressed, increased slowly during the treatment period. Consequently, Ketoconazole as sole therapy in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate was stopped. However, the initial rapid decrease in serum testosterone and the striking positive clinical effect may possibly be utilized combined with orchiectomy or treatment with LHRH agonist analogues. PMID- 3445124 TI - A simple patient-administered test for objective quantitation of the symptom of urinary incontinence. AB - A pad-weighing test for the quantitation of urinary loss, performed by the patient during 48 hours of daily activities, was evaluated. All patients (n = 46, age 21-73 years) were able to perform the test. The precision of their weighing was good and the reproducibility of the results equal or better than that of previously published tests. There was no correlation between the results of the 48-hour test and a standardized one-hour test, indicating that these two tests measure different aspects of incontinence. Of the two tests the 48-hour test likely gives a more valid measure of the symptom of urinary incontinence. Other advantages over the standardized short term tests are that no hospital staff is involved in the testing and that the test is independent of the physical capacity of the patient. PMID- 3445125 TI - A randomized trial of postoperative radiotherapy versus observation in stage II and III renal adenocarcinoma. A study by the Copenhagen Renal Cancer Study Group. AB - Between 1979 and 1984 the Copenhagen Renal Cancer Study Group randomized 72 patients nephrectomized for stages II and III renal adenocarcinoma in a prospective study of postoperative radiotherapy versus observation. Radiotherapy was 50 Gy in 20 fractions to the kidney bed, ipsi- and contralateral lymph nodes. 7/72 were excluded from further analysis because of major protocol violations. 33/65 were in stage II, 32/65 in stage III. Relapse was found in 31/65 = 48% during the follow-up period without any difference between the two groups. 12/27 = 44% had significant complications from stomach, duodenum or liver, median 5 mo., range 1-44 mo. after radiotherapy. In 5/27 = 19% did the postirradiatory complications contribute to the death of the patients. Patients with stage II tumours survived significantly better than those with stage III tumours (p less than 0.05), but no significant differences in survival could be demonstrated between patients randomized to postoperative radiotherapy or observation. It is concluded that postoperative radiotherapy as given in the present study is without any beneficial effect on relapse rate and survival. Moreover, the treatment is associated with an unacceptable complication rate. PMID- 3445126 TI - Renal cell carcinoma with vena cava extension: diagnostic and surgical features of 41 cases. AB - Vena cava extension of renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 33 men and 8 women, 29 of whom had right-sided and 12 left-sided tumours. Angiography was performed in all and cavography in most patients. Computed tomography was available in 16 cases. The tumour thrombus did not reach the diaphragm in 32 patients, and extended above it in 9 cases. Macroscopically, complete cavathrombectomy was performed in 33 patients. All tumours except one were of high grade type (grades III and IV). Serum creatinine and liver enzymes were normal at the first postoperative check-up. The 5-year-survival rate in patients subjected to complete cavathrombectomy was 24%. The 5-year-survival was 33% in patients whose tumours extended to below the diaphragm, 0% in patients whose tumours extended above the diaphragm (NS), 33% in grade III tumours and 0% in grade IV tumours (NS), 33% in patients without evidence of metastases and 0% in patients with preoperative metastases (NS). PMID- 3445128 TI - Age at onset, sex distribution and HLA antigen frequency in patients with primary glomerulonephritis progressing to terminal uraemia. An epidemiological survey. AB - In a retrospective study of 138 HLA-typed patients with primary glomerulonephritis progressing to terminal uraemia, a bimodal curve of age at onset of disease was observed among males. An initial peak occurred between 16 and 25 years of age, and a second peak between the ages of 46 and 55. The prevalence of HLA B40 was found to be high among males in the first group, and a relationship was found to exist between the presence of HLA B40 and increased titres of ASO (antistreptolysin O). No such findings were made either in the second group of males or in the female group. Among females, a single peak for age of onset occurred between 6 and 15 years. The frequency of HLA B40 did not differ significantly from that of the controls. The results of this study suggest a relationship to exist, predominantly in younger males, between primary glomerulonephritis with fatal outcome and HLA B40-related alterations in the immunological response to beta-streptococcal infection. PMID- 3445127 TI - Association between fever and the antibody response to Tamm-Horsfall protein in urinary tract infection. AB - The usefulness of measuring serum antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) for diagnosing the level of acute urinary tract infections in adult women was evaluated. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) elevation of IgG and IgA anti-THP in pregnant and non-pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis compared to women with acute cystitis. The changes in anti-THP antibody titre among patients with acute pyelonephritis varied considerably, limiting the value of determining such antibodies for diagnostic purposes. Patients with febrile infections of non renal origin demonstrated an antibody response comparable to the pyelonephritis patients. One explanation for these results could be that fever is associated with transient rental tubular damage, thus exposing THP to the immune system. Polyclonal antibody activation seems less likely since neither an IgM antibody response to THP, nor an increase in antibody titre to poliovirus could be demonstrated. PMID- 3445129 TI - Effects of acetate versus bicarbonate hemodialysis on left ventricular size and function. AB - To investigate the effects of different types of hemodialysis on hemodynamics, left ventricular size and function, 10 patients with uremia due to chronic renal failure were examined using echocardiography and measurement of systolic time intervals before and after both acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis. Both caused decreases in left ventricular end diastolic (acetate -3.2 vs. bicarbonate -5.1 mm, p less than 0.01 for both) and end systolic (-3.2 vs. -3.7 mm, p less than 0.01 for both) diameters, and increases in mVCF (+0.24 vs. +0.23 circ/s, p less than 0.005 for both) and fractional shortening (+2.7%, p less than 0.05 vs. +0.9%, NS). In systolic time intervals, the LVETI decreased (-28 vs. -38 ms, p less than 0.001 for both) and the PEP/LVET ratio increased (+0.04, NS vs. 0.09, p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the changes in any of the measured parameters caused by acetate or bicarbonate hemodialysis, except in blood bicarbonate concentration (+1.9 vs. +5.4 mmol/l, difference p less than 0.01). Thus hemodialysis with acetate or bicarbonate base causes similar decreases in left ventricular size apparently because of decreased diastolic filling, but in spite of this, there is an increase in left ventricular systolic function, apparently partially due to increased myocardial contractility. PMID- 3445131 TI - A molecular orbital study on adenosine phosphates. AB - AMP, ADP and ATP are calculated using the CNDO method, and ATP is studied by an ab initio calculation. The essential features of the electronic structure of these molecules are described in detail. Their ionization potentials, dipole moments and bond orders are given. The interaction between ATP with metal ions and enzyme molecules is discussed. PMID- 3445130 TI - Surgical treatment of anuria caused by renal artery occlusion. Case report. AB - A patient with anuria caused by renal artery occlusion is presented. Revascularization was performed 42 days after onset of renal failure, and resulted in complete normalization of kidney function. The case demonstrates that surgical treatment of prolonged renal artery occlusion with subsequent return of renal function is possible. PMID- 3445134 TI - Regional assignment of human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene to 4pter----4q21. AB - The hybrid clone FD1 constructed by fusion of Chinese hamster cell line Wg3-h with human lymphocyte was irradiated with X-ray. Fourteen survival clones were isolated and 3 of them, F5B, F52B, F61A were analyzed in detail by cytogenetic and biochemical methods. The results of chromosome G-banding followed by Giemsa 11 differential staining show that there exists a deleted human chromosome 4 in all of the three hybrids. This deletion of human chromosome 4 in F61A is 4pter--- 4q21. The results of isozyme analysis of phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGM2) which is located on 4p14----4q21 confirm our cytogenetic conclusion. We used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in human lymphocyte, Wg3-h and hybrid clones. Their electrophoretic pattern showed that human ADH isozyme did express, in the peripheral blood lymphocyte, hybrids F5B, F52B, F61A and FD1. According to these results, we suggest that one of the Class I ADH structural genes is located on the human chromosome 4pter----4q21. Recently, McKusick reported that Class I ADH gene cluster had been assigned to chromosome 4q21----4qter. Considering this fact, we suggest that Class I ADH gene might be assigned to chromosome 4q21 or on its vicinity. PMID- 3445133 TI - An X-ray analysis of the orthorhombic crystal form of trichosanthin at 5 angstrom. AB - Trichosanthin crystals grown at pH 5.4 are orthorhombic P212121 with cell dimension a = 38.23 angstrom, b = 76.18 angstrom and c = 79.12 angstrom. Each asymmetric unit contains one protein molecule of 234 amino acid residues (M. W. 26,000). The structure has been solved at 5 angstrom resolution by conventional MIR method with two heavy-atom derivatives. The preliminary result suggests that the protein molecule in acidic solution does not have dramatic conformational change, compared with that in alkali solution. PMID- 3445135 TI - A study on configuration-activity relationship of diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by the pseudopotential valence electron-only ab initio calculation method. AB - We investigated the cis- and trans-isomers of Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)2]2+ using a quantum chemical non-empirical calculation method, the pseudopotential valence electron-only ab initio method. The electronic structure and electrostatic potential counter maps were in turn determined through the wave functions so obtained. There was a sharp difference between the dipole moments of the cis- and trans-isomers. The electrostatic counter maps of the isomers also had remarkably different features. Based on the interaction between the platinum (II) coordination compound and the base pairs of nucleic acid, the difference in antitumour activity of the isomeric compounds was discussed. It is pointed out that the key factor for antitumour activity is that the platinum (II) coordination compound must be mutually complementary with the target acceptor in both configuration and bonding activity. This mutual-complementary requirement includes a bonding ability of the platinum complex with two negative centers in DNA, so as to form an intrastrand crosslink with two neighbouring guanines. PMID- 3445132 TI - A model of capillary networks for the exchange of substances. AB - A mathematical model of substantial exchange between three capillaries and the surrounding tissue is presented. We suppose that three capillaries, which are parallel to each other and have the same radius and circular section, are arranged in equilateral triangle. Fluid movement across the capillary walls is assumed to be governed by the generalized Starling's law. The motion of the interstitial fluid obeys Darcy's law. The calculated result obtained in this paper shows that in order to study the effect of capillary networks on the tissue space, as a whole, we have found a concept of equivalent pressure, concentration and source strength for the networks. PMID- 3445137 TI - [Statistical evaluation of the incidence of macroscopic findings in drowned persons and drowned laboratory animals]. PMID- 3445136 TI - In vitro pollen plant induction and embryoid clone establishment of Panax ginseng. AB - In anther culture of Panax ginseng, its callus formation showed a wide adaptability to culture media. Large numbers of calli were induced on media exhibiting better effects of induction. Supplements of 5 mg 2,4-D/1 and 1 mg KT/1 to the media proved to be much effective. Regeneration of the whole plantlets from anther culture of Panax ginseng is usually quite difficult. During the past three years, however, sixteen of the 100 medium formulae tested were proved to be suitable. The formulae of MS + 0.5 mg BA/1 + 2 mg GA/1 + 1000 mg LH/1 + 3% sucrose were considered good and effective. A visibly differentiated body, which was light-milky white and later turned into a light green spot, was formed 40 days after the callus was transferred to the differentiation media. This body differentiated subsequently into buds, roots and, eventually, seedlings. The embryoid clones have been established in order to maintain its ability of continual differentiation into plantlets through successive culturings of many generations. The test-tube ginseng thus formed were transferred to regular flowerpots and grew well. Based upon chromosome examination of the callus cells and the root tips, we tentatively affirmed that the majority of these regenerated from anther of Panax ginseng were originated from pollen cells. PMID- 3445138 TI - [The situation of an educational center and its own dynamics]. PMID- 3445139 TI - [Importance of methodology for solving a problem]. PMID- 3445140 TI - [Pedagogic project for an education center]. PMID- 3445141 TI - [Art, writing, lunacy]. PMID- 3445142 TI - [The report as a beginning to nursing research. An experiment]. PMID- 3445143 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 3445144 TI - [Cholecystostomy in the emergency surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis and its complications in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3445145 TI - [Blood levels of thyroid and thyrotropic hormones in chronic calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 3445146 TI - [Use of tamoxifen in elderly patients with primary operable cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3445147 TI - [Hormonal function of the thyroid gland in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3445148 TI - [Liver function in recurrent erysipelas]. PMID- 3445149 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the brain]. PMID- 3445150 TI - [Late diagnosis of aldosteroma]. PMID- 3445151 TI - [Giant upward-moving thrombus of the inferior vena cava penetrating into the right atrial cavity and the right ventricle]. PMID- 3445153 TI - [The role of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes in the pathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 3445152 TI - [Disorders of central and intracardiac hemodynamics in myocarditis complicated by cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3445154 TI - [Characteristics of microcirculation in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3445155 TI - [Significance of various risk factors in the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 3445156 TI - [Practical work of students of the Kabul Medical Institute and the means for its improvement]. PMID- 3445157 TI - [Correction of cardiovascular function in acute hepatorenal insufficiency]. PMID- 3445158 TI - [Currently-used substitute digestive enzyme preparations]. PMID- 3445159 TI - [Effect of pentagastrin on gastric secretion and blood flow in the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 3445161 TI - [Endoscopic coagulation of the communicating veins of the leg in chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 3445162 TI - [Use of laser radiation in oncology]. PMID- 3445160 TI - [Bile microflora in calculous cholecystitis and the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 3445163 TI - [Transnavicular-perilunar dislocations of the hand]. PMID- 3445164 TI - [Plaster immobilization in plate osteosynthesis of fractures of the bones of the leg]. PMID- 3445165 TI - [Significance of dysplasia in the occurrence of relapse in stomach cancer]. PMID- 3445166 TI - [Transcutaneous intra-aortic counterpulsation in unstable stenocardia]. PMID- 3445167 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of chronic anal fissures]. PMID- 3445168 TI - [Mechanisms of the clinical effectiveness of hemosorption in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3445170 TI - [Significance of the causative agent of legionnaires' disease in the etiology of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3445169 TI - [Functional assessment of the cardiopulmonary system of pregnant women following the surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3445171 TI - [Serum and secretory components of the body's humoral nonspecific protection in surgical pathology]. PMID- 3445172 TI - [Central and peripheral hemodynamics in chronic glomerulonephritis with the isolated urinary syndrome]. PMID- 3445173 TI - [Prognostic significance of determining myelin leucine aminopeptidase activity in disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 3445175 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcer with calcitrin]. PMID- 3445174 TI - [Thermoradiotherapy of rectal squamous cell cancer]. PMID- 3445178 TI - [Chronic colitis]. PMID- 3445177 TI - [Surgical procedure in treating patients with complete and partial avulsions of the extremities]. PMID- 3445176 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the antitumor effectiveness of spirobromine]. PMID- 3445179 TI - [Use of mathematical modelling and planning methods in the rehabilitation of patients with meningococcal infection]. PMID- 3445181 TI - [Use of korinfar in the early stages of heart failure in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3445180 TI - [Isoprenaline test in women with the cardialgia syndrome]. PMID- 3445182 TI - [Role of a complex of health-promoting measures in the prevention of morbidity in industrial plant workers]. PMID- 3445184 TI - [Role of diagnostic bronchoscopy in determining the surgical approach in bronchiectasis]. PMID- 3445183 TI - [Current aspects of the occurrence and surgical treatment of "ligated vein disease"]. PMID- 3445187 TI - [Alcohol consumption and its relation to suicidal conduct]. PMID- 3445185 TI - [Medical and social variables associated with alcohol consumption in Mexico]. PMID- 3445188 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction. II. Its etiology and physiopathology]. PMID- 3445190 TI - [Epidemiological study of accidents and crimes related to alcohol consumption]. PMID- 3445191 TI - [Effects of the earthquake of 19 September 1985 on Mexico City General Hospital. Some thoughts]. PMID- 3445192 TI - [The consequences of the September 1985 earthquakes in Mexico City]. PMID- 3445194 TI - [Principal epidemiological characteristics of cancer mortality in Mexico]. PMID- 3445195 TI - [Effect of physical and chemical agents on the viability of the cysticercus of Taenia solium]. PMID- 3445197 TI - [Classic radiologic diagnosis of chronic purulent otitis]. PMID- 3445196 TI - [The reform of health care in Mexico: before and after the 1985 earthquakes]. PMID- 3445198 TI - [Changes in the ocular fundus in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3445199 TI - [Postoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria]. PMID- 3445200 TI - [Significance of vitamin B12 values in the blood of patients with alcoholic liver diseases]. PMID- 3445202 TI - [Time lost in the treatment of voice disorders]. PMID- 3445203 TI - [Cholesteatoma]. PMID- 3445201 TI - [Pentoxifylline in the treatment of men with oligoasthenospermia]. PMID- 3445204 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic purulent otitis]. PMID- 3445205 TI - [An esophageal endoprosthesis]. PMID- 3445206 TI - [The revascularization syndrome]. PMID- 3445208 TI - [Where is the borderline between the possibility of conservative treatment and the need for surgery of ileus in children?]. PMID- 3445207 TI - [Dynamic measurement of venous pressure in the lower extremity--a new method in angio-surgery practice]. PMID- 3445211 TI - [Contralateral occlusion of the renal artery after preoperative embolization and transperitoneal nephrectomy]. PMID- 3445210 TI - [Personal experience with the use of the carcinoembryonic antigen in surgical malignancies]. PMID- 3445209 TI - [Injuries of the peripheral arteries in children]. PMID- 3445212 TI - [A double microsurgical clamp made from an artificial material]. PMID- 3445214 TI - [Dietary diversification after the 4th month]. PMID- 3445213 TI - [Competence of the community doctor and the industrial physician in the diagnosis and therapy of surgical diseases]. PMID- 3445215 TI - [Modalities and dynamics of normal childbirth]. PMID- 3445216 TI - [Monitoring of normal childbirth]. PMID- 3445217 TI - [Directed labor, induced in anesthesia]. PMID- 3445218 TI - [Receiving the newborn in the labor room]. PMID- 3445219 TI - [Normal childbirth. Review of anatomy]. PMID- 3445220 TI - [History of a childbirth]. PMID- 3445221 TI - Progressive power lenses. AB - With the rapidly increasing public awareness of progressive power lenses for the correction of presbyopia, there has been a corresponding proliferation of manufacturers and types of progressive lens designs. This paper discusses the various lens design philosophies, often grouped in "hard" and "soft" categories. In the absence of visible multifocal segment lines, problems arise in attempting to identify the various lens types, in neutralizing progressive lens powers and in dispensing. These problems are discussed from the viewpoint of the refractionist. The advantages and disadvantages of progressives are considered, together with their indications and contraindications. PMID- 3445222 TI - Antithrombin III: biodistribution in healthy volunteers. AB - Five healthy volunteers were injected intravenously with 73-90 uCi purified human 131I-Antithrombin III (AT III), specific biological activity 5.6 U/mg. The tracer data were analysed using a three compartment model. The plasma radioactivity half life was 66.2 +/- 1.2 (sem) h, the fractional catabolic rate constant of the plasma pool was 0.025 +/- 0.002 (sem) h-1. These data were comparable with those described in the literature. Because of the difficulty in translating the mathematical analysis of various compartments into the biological model, biodistribution was monitored by a gamma camera linked to a DEC PDP 11/34 computer system. Dynamic and static images were obtained at fixed time intervals following the injection of 131I-AT III. Whole body scanning at intervals between the time of injection (t = 0) and t = 24.5 h showed 131I-AT III distribution over the heart, lungs, liver, spleen and great vessels. Dynamic scanning was performed over the heart, spleen and liver. Overlayed frames in the first ten minutes after the 131I-AT III injection showed the following radioactivity expressed as percentage of the injected dose; 5.9% +/- 0.3 (sem) over the heart, 10.6% +/- 0.9 (sem) over the liver and 1.1% +/- 0.1 (sem) over the spleen. A slower decline of the radioactivity between t = 0 and t = 24 h; (19%) was measured over the liver compared with the radioactivity disappearance over the heart region. This shows, in combination with the fact that the radioactivity disappearance over the heart was identical with the radioactivity decline measured in the plasma samples that retention of 131I-AT III occurred in the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3445223 TI - Fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and fibrin fragment D-dimer levels in normal and complicated pregnancy. AB - The fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion was assessed in 29 women with normal or complicated pregnancy, by measurements of total t-PA and free t-PA with specific ELISAs. The release of t-PA from the vessel wall was 11 +/- 9 ng/ml in non-pregnant women (mean +/- SD, n = 6) but was markedly reduced throughout pregnancy. Following venous occlusion, free t-PA increased by 12 +/- 11 ng/ml in non-pregnant women but remained below the detection limit of 2 ng/ml towards the end of pregnancy. A markedly reduced t-PA release with absence of free t-PA was also observed during late pregnancy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, intra-uterine growth retardation and pre-eclampsia. Plasma levels of fragment D-dimer of cross-linked fibrin were measured with a specific ELISA in 79 pregnant women. D-dimer levels were 129 +/- 36 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 8) in non pregnant women and increased to 400 +/- 170 ng/ml (n = 25) and 440 +/- 220 ng/ml (n = 22) during the second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. Significantly higher levels than observed in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancies were found in 3 out of 6 diabetic and in 2 out of 7 pre-eclamptic women. It is concluded that the t-PA release after venous occlusion is significantly reduced during pregnancy. In addition, released t-PA is rapidly inhibited. The levels of fragment D-dimer increase during pregnancy, suggesting that, notwithstanding the marked impairment of the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion, the fibrinolytic system remains functionally active. PMID- 3445224 TI - Plasma prekallikrein activity in patients with total hip arthroplasty. AB - The behaviour of the contact system was studied in 40 patients with total hip arthroplasty, by measuring plasma prekallikrein, spontaneous kallikrein activity and factor XII. In the literature it had been shown that patients with complications from this operation had decreased prekallikrein and increased kallikrein activity (M. Nakahara. Acta orthop scand 1982; 53:591-6). In the present study, comprising patients with and without pain and proven loosening of the hip prosthesis, these findings could only partially be confirmed. Patients with a loosened prosthesis had significantly lower prekallikrein (mean 0.78 +/- 0.28 U/ml; p less than 0.01) than patients without problems, but no detectable kallikrein activity in plasma. Patients with pain but no loosening had normal prekallikrein (1.04 +/- 0.26 U/ml) and also no demonstrable kallikrein activity. Factor XII was normal in all patient groups. It is concluded that decreased prekallikrein is limited to patients with a loosened hip prosthesis, with or without pain. PMID- 3445225 TI - Sources of variability in coagulation factor assays. AB - Estimates of the components of variation of a number of coagulation factor assays are presented and are compared with those for other haematological and biochemical variables. They have been derived from a study in which fourteen volunteers gave blood samples approximately bi-monthly for three years. The systematic between-batch variation was generally only a small component of the total variation. However, the proportion of the total variation due to differences between people ranged from about 15% in the case of two measures of antithrombin III to about 85% for cholesterol and haemoglobin. For factor VII activity and fibrinogen, the figure was just over 70%. These estimates of the components of variation are not generally available in the literature. In view of the increasing interest in the role of coagulation factors in the pathogenesis of arterial disease, estimates of this kind are needed both for the interpretation of observed relationships as well as for planning sample sizes for future studies. PMID- 3445226 TI - Central retinal vein occlusion and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3445228 TI - Hypothyroidism leads to more small-sized platelets in circulation. AB - The effect of induced hypothyroidism on platelet count and platelet volume distribution was studied in twelve athyreotic patients. After a two weeks withdrawal of triiodothyronine supplementation, platelet count and the ratio between platelet and red cell count were increased in all patients. Furthermore, mean platelet volume was declined and platelet distribution width was risen. Thus, hypothyroidism appears to increase the number of circulating platelets, especially the smaller ones. PMID- 3445227 TI - In vitro and in vivo antiaggregant effects of magnesium halogenates. AB - The in vitro antiplatelet aggregating activity of magnesium and magnesium associated with soluble citroflavonoids (hesperidin and eriodictin, 1:1) is well established. The degree of inhibition of in vitro platelet aggregation activity produced by different concentrations of magnesium halogenates was determined. ADP (4 microM) was used to induce aggregation following Cardinal and Flowers' (1) technique. Antithrombotic activity was studied in vivo. The difference in duration of ADP-induced respiratory dysfunction was compared between animals fed 25 mg/kg magnesium halogenates for 10 days before testing and controls. An increase in circulating platelets was observed in rats treated with magnesium halogenates. PMID- 3445229 TI - Indobufen is a potent inhibitor of whole blood aggregation in patients with a high atherosclerotic risk. AB - The newly developed method, based on the quantitation of changes in electrical impedance, to determine platelet aggregation in whole blood was applied to the evaluation of the effects of Indobufen, a well known inhibitor of platelet rich plasma aggregation. The platelet antiaggregatory activity of the drug after single (200 or 400 mg) and repeated doses (200 mg or 200 mg b.i.d. for 1 week) was determined on whole blood aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation by platelet rich plasma of 16 patients with high risk of atherosclerosis. At 2 hr after the single dose treatments, Indobufen significantly reduced the whole blood aggregation induced by 0.5-2 micrograms/ml collagen. At 24 hr from the intake of the drug the aggregation was significantly inhibited in patients who ingested the 400 mg dose only. As far as the repeated administrations are concerned, it appears that the inhibition of whole blood aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation by platelets reached 12 hr after the last drug administration was comparable to the degree of inhibition achieved 2 hr after Indobufen intake. It is concluded that Indobufen orally administered to patients with high risk of atherosclerosis is a potent inhibitor of whole blood aggregation. PMID- 3445230 TI - Tissue factor apoprotein: intracellular transport and expression in shed membrane vesicles. AB - We have studied the synthesis and subcellular distribution of the glycosylated membrane protein tissue factor (TF) in human blood monocytes and the inducible monocyte like cell line, HL-60. Following induction with endotoxin or the phorbol ester, TPA, tissue factor specific activity was measured in intact cells, sonicated cells, isolated plasma membranes and shed vesicles. We have shown that TF is transported over time from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and finally to shed membrane vesicles. Optimal transport of TF to the plasma membrane and shedding in membrane vesicles required glycosylation as judged by partial inhibition of this process by the tunicamycin homologues B2 and C2. PMID- 3445231 TI - Template bleeding time after ingestion of ultra low dosages of acetyl salicylic acid in healthy subjects. Preliminary study. PMID- 3445232 TI - [Experience from the work in a perinatal committee. A report from a perinatal group in Oslo, 1983-86]. PMID- 3445233 TI - [Severe chronic heart insufficiency. NYHA (New York Heart Association) stage III IV. Aspects of treatment]. PMID- 3445235 TI - [Nitrous oxide--not only for fun. Nitrogen oxide, vitamin B12 and folate metabolism]. PMID- 3445234 TI - [Vitamin A. Some aspects of interest to the pediatrician]. PMID- 3445239 TI - [Local recurrence of rectal cancer]. PMID- 3445236 TI - [Treatment of perforated peptic ulcer. 20 years' experience in conservative and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3445238 TI - [The HHE syndrome: hemiconvulsions, hemiplegia and epilepsy in children]. PMID- 3445241 TI - [Galactosemia in Norway]. PMID- 3445240 TI - [Aortoenteric fistula]. PMID- 3445237 TI - [Tracheotomy]. PMID- 3445242 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3445243 TI - [Perianal abscess and fistulas]. PMID- 3445244 TI - [Myth or fact? Physical dependence after use of benzodiazepines in therapeutic dosages]. PMID- 3445245 TI - [Treatment of cholera at a refugee camp]. PMID- 3445247 TI - [Fructosamine or glycosylated hemoglobin? The significance of deviant results between the 2 parameters]. PMID- 3445246 TI - [Gene probes. A new diagnostic aid]. PMID- 3445248 TI - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis in immunologic diseases]. PMID- 3445249 TI - [Rectal methohexital as an anesthetic for children]. PMID- 3445250 TI - [Somatoform disorders]. PMID- 3445251 TI - [Atrial septal defect in the elderly. A difficult diagnosis?]. PMID- 3445252 TI - [A compulsory course in psychiatry. An evaluation of the theoretical and practical aspects]. PMID- 3445253 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone in children. Defects in osmoregulation and secretion]. PMID- 3445254 TI - [Alcohol drinking habits among Norwegian physicians]. PMID- 3445256 TI - [Prostitution and HIV epidemics]. PMID- 3445257 TI - [Are students satisfied with their psychiatric health services?]. PMID- 3445258 TI - Tokai University European Symposium on Meiosis. Copenhagen, Denmark, March 20 and 21, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3445259 TI - Chromosome interlocking during synapsis--a transient disorder. AB - The occurrence and resolution of chromosome interlocking have been monitored during chromosome pairing on 270 zygotene and 125 pachytene spread and silver stained chromosome complements from Bombyx spermatocytes. Interlockings form and resolve throughout zygotene. The estimated mean number of interlockings is 4.2 per nucleus at zygotene while only 3 presumptive interlockings were found in 125 pachytene nuclei. In individual zygotene nuclei up to 61% of the chromosomes are affected by interlocking. The mechanism for resolution of interlockings is discussed. PMID- 3445255 TI - [Physicians and alcohol in Great Britain]. PMID- 3445260 TI - Pharmacological manipulation of meiotic maturation in vitro: a comparative study between the amphibian-(Xenopus) and the mammalian (mouse)-oocyte. AB - The pharmacological manipulation of oocyte maturation in vitro offers an interesting tool for the study of the cell division cycle. The molecular mechanisms which are involved in this process are initiated at the oocyte plasma membrane and lead to a cascade of events, such as breakdown of the nuclear membrane (GVBD), chromosome condensation and cell division. Our pharmacological results point to an essential role for membrane in the communication between external information and intracellular signals mediating the physiological process. In Xenopus as well as in mouse oocytes, protein phosphorylation processes appear to be involved, either through the activation/inhibition of protein C kinase (calcium activated and phospholipid-dependent) and/or protein-A kinase (cAMP dependent). Indeed in both systems, forskolin inhibits the first step of the process (GBVD) assessing the existence of an oocyte adenylate cyclase. Moreover, inhibitors of protein kinase C induce maturation in Xenopus oocyte whereas activators of this kinase prevent the process in denuded mouse oocytes. Interestingly, inhibitors of transmethylation reactions maintain the prophase block in both systems suggesting a role for membrane fluidity (phospholipid methylation) in the regulation of oocyte maturation. PMID- 3445264 TI - [Philosophy of determining radiation limit values]. PMID- 3445262 TI - [Chernobyl and its aftermath. Expert assessment of radiation injuries. 28th annual meeting of the German Radiation Protection Consortium, 13th annual meeting of the Austrian Association of Radiation Protection Medicine. 12-13 June 1987, Neuherberg]. PMID- 3445263 TI - [Construction and function of the reactor of Chernobyl--circumstances of the accident with liberation of radionuclides]. PMID- 3445265 TI - [Measures of radiation protection in European communities following Chernobyl- determination of status]. PMID- 3445261 TI - The role of purines in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes. AB - Meiotic arrest of mammalian oocytes within ovarian follicles is maintained by a specific factor(s) within the follicle. There is strong evidence that cAMP plays an important role in the control of meiosis. Purines have also been implicated in the maintenance of meiotic arrest in vivo. Hypoxanthine and/or adenosine have been identified in pig and mouse follicular fluid and exert a meiosis-arresting action on mouse oocytes in culture. While adenosine apparently need not be metabolized to exert its action on oocyte maturation, the action of hypoxanthine is apparently due to the production of guanyl and/or xanthyl compounds by the oocyte-cumulus cell complex. The inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, mycophenolic acid and bredinin, induced maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest by hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine and adenosine are not toxic to oocytes, because oocytes undergo normal fertilization and pre- and post-implantation development following exposure to these molecules in vitro. It is not known how gonadotropins stimulate the resumption of meiosis within the follicle, but there are several possibilities: (1) the intrafollicular level of an oocyte maturation inhibitor is decreased; (2) the oocyte is uncoupled from surrounding follicle cells; (3) an inhibitory molecule is secreted or metabolized by the oocyte; and/or (4) a positive stimulus is produced by the follicle that overrides the presence of inhibitory molecules. Preliminary evidence suggests that cumulus cells may produce a positive stimulus that induces the maturation of cultured cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes. Whether germinal vesicle breakdown in vivo results from a positive induction, a loss of inhibitory input, or a combination of these two mechanisms remains to be determined. PMID- 3445266 TI - [Medical expert assessment practice]. PMID- 3445267 TI - [Determination of body radiation dose by chromosome analysis]. PMID- 3445268 TI - [Biologic dosimetry and radiation quality]. PMID- 3445270 TI - [Significance of late radiation effects in expert assessment]. PMID- 3445269 TI - [Measuring activities in foods and dose calculations]. PMID- 3445271 TI - [Expert assessment of radiation dosage examples from forensic practice]. PMID- 3445272 TI - [Radiation exposure in West Germany]. PMID- 3445273 TI - [Radioecologic knowledge from the Chernobyl reactor accident]. PMID- 3445274 TI - [Cesium 137 whole body measurements in persons in the Vienna area since June 1986]. PMID- 3445275 TI - [Whole body measurements of persons of Southern Bavaria following the Chernobyl reactor accident]. PMID- 3445276 TI - [Comprehensive assessment of the effects of the Chernobyl accident on the German population]. PMID- 3445277 TI - [Medical management of immediately affected persons in the Chernobyl reactor accident]. PMID- 3445278 TI - [Methods of spread to Austria and deposition of radionuclides]. PMID- 3445279 TI - Effects of alpha- and beta-tigogenin cellobiosides on cholesterol absorption. AB - We have synthesized alpha- and beta-anomers of tigogenin cellobioside and have determined their effects on intestinal absorption of [1,2-3H]cholesterol in rats. We demonstrated that the loss of tritium label likely to occur in the conversion of cholesterol to coprostanone was minimal. Dose response studies showed that both anomers depressed intestinal absorption of cholesterol but the depression was greater with the beta-anomer. PMID- 3445280 TI - Conjugates of steroids and anti-cancer agents. III. The synthesis of estrynamine and certain derivatives. AB - Propargyl amine was protected by condensing it with 2,5-hexane-dione to give 2,5 dimethyl-N-(2'-propyn-1'-yl)pyrrole (2). The latter was converted to the corresponding Grignard reagent with ethylmagnesium bromide, and then condensed with estrone tetrahydropyranyl ether to give 17 alpha-[3'-(2'',5''-dimethyl-1'' pyrryl)-1'-propyn-1'-yl)-1,3 ,5( 10)- estratriene-3,17 beta-diol 3 tetrahydropyranyl ether (3), in 85% yield. Acetic acid and methanol cleaved the tetrahydropyranyl ether group, and hydroxylamine and sodium bicarbonate cleaved the pyrrole ring to give 17 alpha-(3'-amino-1'-propyn-1'-yl)-1,3,5(10) estratriene-3,17 beta-diol (1), estrynamine. Several derivatives and analogs of 1 were also synthesized. Estrynamine binds to estrogen receptor with an RBA of 0.0045 (estradiol = 1.0). Several of the compounds, including estrynamine, are weak estrogens (stimulation of prolactin synthesis). PMID- 3445281 TI - Secretion of pregnane compounds from polycystic ovaries of androgen-sterilized rats. AB - Progesterone, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha-DHP), 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha pregnan-20-one (3 alpha-OH), 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 alpha-DHP), 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one, and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol in ovarian venous plasma of androgen-sterilized rats treated with 25 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were assayed by gas chromatography. The compounds listed were essentially undetectable in polycystic ovaries of the androgen sterilized rats. However, after injection of hCG, levels of these steroids were high. Levels of progesterone and 5 alpha-pregnane compounds reached a peak within 1 or 2 days after hCG treatment and then fell slowly. The level of 20 alpha-DHP reached a peak on day 4 after hCG treatment and remained high thereafter. Injection of 2 micrograms of luteinizing hormone (LH) before sample collection increased the secretion of progesterone at all times tested except when it was already at a peak. The secretion of 5 alpha-DHP and 3 alpha-OH was also increased by LH after hCG treatment, but the ability of the ovary to produce these steroids was not, suggesting that there was low 5 alpha-reductase activity in the cystic ovary before hCG treatment. The results suggest that ovulation and luteinization in cystic follicles may cause the low activities of 5 alpha-reductase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in polycystic ovaries of androgen-sterilized rats to increase. PMID- 3445282 TI - A complete proton and carbon-13 NMR analysis of fluocinonide, a fluorinated corticosteroid. AB - This paper presents a complete analysis of the proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra of 21-acetoxy-6 alpha,9-difluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-16 alpha,17-(1-methylethylidene) bis-(oxy) pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, a potent anti-inflammatory fluorosteroid. The 300 MHz proton spectrum was analyzed using a combination of the two dimensional homonuclear chemical shift correlation (COSY) technique and one dimensional NOE difference spectra. Exact coupling constants and chemical shifts were obtained by spectral simulation and iteration. The carbon-13 spectrum was assigned from the proton spectrum via a two-dimensional heteronuclear chemical shift experiment, and long-range fluorine-proton couplings were confirmed by a fully coupled heteronuclear COSY-type experiment. PMID- 3445283 TI - [125I]iododesethyl tamoxifen aziridine: synthesis and covalent labeling of the estrogen receptor with an iodine-labeled affinity label. AB - Iododesethyl tamoxifen aziridine (I-Tam-Az), an analog of the estrogen receptor affinity label tamoxifen aziridine (Tam-Az) in which the ethyl group has been replaced by an iodine, has been prepared by two routes: (a) metallation of a bromotriarylethylene system, followed by reaction with iodine, and aziridinylation, and (b) direct iodination of a trimethylstannyl triarylethylene system that is the immediate precursor of I-Tam-Az. The latter method can be used to prepare [125I]I-Tam-Az rapidly and in good yield, both at carrier-added and no carrier-added levels; specific activities greater than 200 Ci/mmol have been obtained. In competitive radiometric binding assays with the estrogen receptor, I Tam-Az has an apparent affinity of ca. 20%, equivalent to that of Tam-Az. It also undergoes rapid and selective time-dependent, irreversible binding to the estrogen receptor. [125I]I-Tam-Az reacts covalently with estrogen receptor in uterine cytosol preparations; its attachment is rapid and efficient, but somewhat less selective than that of Tam-Az. Estrogen receptor in intact MCF-7 human breast cancer cells can also be labeled with [125I]I-Tam-Az, and autoradiographic analysis of salt extracts of labeled nuclear estrogen receptor on SDS polyacrylamide slab gels shows highly selective labeling of a 65K protein. [125I]I-Tam-Az is an efficient, selective affinity label for the estrogen receptor, available at high specific activity, and should be useful in studies on estrogen receptor structure, dynamics, and chromatin interactions. PMID- 3445284 TI - Plasma androstenedione in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. AB - The average plasma concentration of androstenedione (A) in 67 hypertensive pregnant women (mean 25.7 nmol/L, SD 10.0) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in 71 normotensive pregnant women (mean 14.2 nmol/L, SD 5.6). Androstenedione concentration decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from this higher level with increasing gestation in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. In the normotensive group there was no significant correlation between androstenedione concentration and gestation, but a sharp increase in androstenedione concentration occurred prior to delivery. The androstenedione concentration in 18 hypertensive patients with fulminating disease (mean 30.7 nmol/L, SD 11.9) was significantly higher (p less than 0.02) than that in 49 hypertensive patients (mean 23.9 nmol/L, SD 8.7). The correlation between androstenedione and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH-A) concentrations in plasma was highly significant; for 98 pairs, r = 0.43, p less than 0.001. PMID- 3445285 TI - A convenient synthesis of 3 beta,12 alpha-, 3 beta,7 alpha-, and 3 beta,7 beta dihydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acids: unusual bile acids in human biological fluids. AB - The unusual bile acids 3 beta,12 alpha- (V), 3 beta,7 alpha- (XIIIa), and 3 beta,7 beta- (XIIIb) dihydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acids were synthesized conveniently from the 3-oxo derivatives of deoxycholic (I) and lithocholic (VI) acids, respectively, to provide authentic samples for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of these bile acids in the abnormal metabolism of bile acids. PMID- 3445286 TI - Stereoselective reduction of C-2 substituted steroid C-3 ketones with lithium tris-(R,S-1,2-dimethylpropyl)-borohydride and sodium borohydride. AB - The effect of C-2 substitution on the stereoselective reduction of steroid C-3 ketones with lithium tris-(R,S-1,2-dimethylpropyl)-borohydride and sodium borohydride was investigated. The C-2 mono- and di-substituted chloro and methyl derivatives were predominantly reduced to one of the epimeric alcohols. The 2 alpha-chloro and 2 alpha-methyl derivatives of 17 beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-androstan 3-one undergo stereoselective reduction with lithium tris-(R,S-1,2 dimethylpropyl)-borohydride to the axial (3 alpha) alcohol as observed in the unsubstituted compound, whereas sodium borohydride gives predominantly the equatorial (3 beta) alcohol. The 2 beta-chloro, 2 beta-methyl, 2,2-dichloro, and 2,2-dimethyl derivatives are reduced predominantly to the equatorial (3 beta) alcohol by both reagents. PMID- 3445287 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of bromoacetoxy 4-androsten-3-ones as active site directed inhibitors of human placental aromatase. AB - 2 alpha-Bromoacetoxy (II), 6-bromoacetoxy (VII and X), and 19-bromoacetoxy (XII) derivatives of androstenedione and 17 beta-bromoacetoxy compounds (III, IV, XIII XVI) were synthesized as potential affinity-labeling reagents for aromatase. 6 alpha-Bromoacetoxy derivative VII was the most potent inhibitor of human placental microsomal aromatase activity among this series. Its inhibitory activity was higher than that of the parent 6 alpha-hydroxy compound V, although other bromoacetates showed weaker inhibition of aromatase than the corresponding alcohols. The bromoacetates (except the 6 beta-bromoacetate X) inhibited aromatase activity in a time-dependent manner in the absence of NADPH, and the enzyme inactivation was blocked by the addition of androstenedione to the incubates. Kinetic analysis of the time- and concentration-dependent inhibition by the 6 beta-bromo-17 beta-bromoacetoxy compound XV gave an apparent Ki of 25 microM and kinact of 0.027 min-1. PMID- 3445288 TI - The 21-acetylation of corticosteroids by Clostridium sporogenes. AB - A strain of Clostridium sporogenes, an anaerobic bacterium, isolated from sewage in New York City synthesizes two constitutive enzymes with action on steroid molecules: (i) an enzyme capable of selectively acetylating the 21-hydroxyl function of certain steroids and (ii) the corresponding esterase. Under our experimental conditions the enzymes have a strict structural requirement for 3 keto-4-ene and C-20-keto or 20 alpha-hydroxyl group and convert their respective substrates to a mixture of free and acetylated products. PMID- 3445289 TI - Synthesis of 6,7-benzo-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),8,14-pentaen-17-one. PMID- 3445290 TI - Synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-7-one and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha cholest-8-en-11-one: evaluation as potential hypocholesterolemic agents. AB - An efficient procedure for the chemical synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha cholest-8-en-7-one and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-11-one is described. These ketosterols have been shown to have possible significant hypocholesterolemic effects when fed to normal rats at a level of 0.15% in a laboratory chow diet. The diets containing the steroids caused significant decreases in food consumption which were associated with decreases in the rate of gain in body weight. PMID- 3445291 TI - ORG-2058 as a ligand in the assay of progesterone receptor in breast cancer. AB - Tritiated [(16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione)-6,7-3H] (ORG 2058) and 17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione (R5020) were compared as ligands in the assay of progesterone receptor in human and rat breast tumors. We found that ORG-2058 is a better ligand because of its low nonspecific binding. Most of the nonspecific binding of the other ligand R5020, is to proteins which bind corticosteroids. In cancerous tissue ORG-2058 binds to progesterone receptor linearly in a range of protein concentrations which are normally used in the receptor assay. On the other hand, R5020 exhibits binding linearity over a narrower protein concentration in many tumor biopsies, which may cause severe limitation in the assay procedure or frequent underestimation of receptor content. PMID- 3445292 TI - Bile acids of patients with renal failure receiving chronic hemodialysis. AB - Bile acids in serum, urine and dialysate of 8 patients with renal failure in chronic hemodialysis were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The following results were obtained: 1. Lithocholic acid, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and cholic acid were identified in hemodialysate as well as in serum and urine. 2. The serum bile acid concentration of the patients was 2.78 +/- 0.57 micrograms/mL before hemodialysis and 1.34 +/- 0.48 micrograms/mL after a 5-h period hemodialysis with cuprophane membrane. The proportions of secondary bile acids in predialysis and postdialysis serum of patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. 3. Two out of 8 patients excreted urine. But the amounts of bile acids in urine of the patients were very small compared to those of healthy subjects. 4. The amount of bile acids removed from blood by hemodialysis was 0.70 +/- 0.25 mg. In dialysate, cholic acid constituted a larger proportion of the total bile acids, and lithocholic acid a smaller proportion, when compared to those in urine of patients and healthy subjects. PMID- 3445293 TI - A catecholic 9,10-seco steroid as a product of aerobic catabolism of cholic acid by a Pseudomonas sp. AB - A mutant of the efficient bile acid-utilizing Pseudomonas putida ATCC 31752 was found to accumulate three major catabolites on aerobic growth on cholic acid. One of these catabolites was isolated and identified as 3,4,7,12 beta-tetrahydroxy 9,10-seco-1,3,5(10)-androstatriene-9,17-dione (2). This is the first catecholic 9,10-secosteroid isolated from the microbial degradation of bile acids or sterols and confirms the role of such secosteroids in the microbial degradative pathway for steroids. PMID- 3445294 TI - 24-Methyl-23-dehydrocholesterol: a new sterol intermediate in C-24 demethylation from the nematodes Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans? AB - Panagrellus redivivus produced 24-methyl-23-dehydrocholesterol as 4.0% of the 4 desmethylsterols when propagated in a medium containing campesterol as the dietary sterol. The re-examination of previous data revealed that Caenorhabditis elegans produced 1.8% 24-methyl-23-dehydrocholesterol when propagated in medium containing campesterol. 24-Methyl-23-dehydrocholesterol was not detected when the nematodes were propagated in medium containing 22-dihydrobrassicasterol or 24 methylenecholesterol. This may be a result of the greater efficiency of dealkylation of the latter two sterols. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of this sterol in a non-photosynthetic organism, and the first report in organisms that dealkylate 24-alkylsterols. PMID- 3445295 TI - Chronic splenomegaly in Nairobi, Kenya. I. Epidemiology, malarial antibody and immunoglobulin levels. AB - Chronic splenomegaly in 131 Kenyan patients was investigated at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. Patients were allocated to diagnostic groups on the basis of clinical, haematological, parasitological, histological, radiological and endoscopic data. The major diagnostic groups were hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly, our preferred name for tropical splenomegaly syndrome, (31%), hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (18%), visceral leishmaniasis (5%) and "indeterminate splenomegaly", where no diagnosis could be reached (12%). Another 20% of patients were suffering from various non-schistosomal forms of portal hypertension. A number of specific and rarer causes accounted for the rest of the cases. The tribal and geographical distribution of patients with chronic splenomegaly was compared with the pattern of general medical admissions. Splenomegaly was more frequent than expected in Kamba and Luo patients. Hyper reactive malarial splenomegaly and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were common in both groups, whereas visceral leishmaniasis was almost restricted to the Kamba and indeterminate splenomegaly was especially prevalent in the Luo. Malarial antibody and immunoglobulin levels differed significantly between the various diagnostic categories of patients and controls. Malarial serology can be diagnostically useful for chronic splenomegaly, provided results are interpreted in their geographical context. PMID- 3445296 TI - Aedes aegypti and yellow fever virus: the effect of chloroquine on infection and transmission rates. PMID- 3445297 TI - Semen analyses in Hansen's disease. AB - Disturbances in semen quality can be induced by exogenous factors including trivial illnesses like throat infection and viral infection with fever. Hansen's disease presents with problems such as long term dependence on drugs, hyperthermia, haemolysis and anxiety due to social stigma. In the present study the semen quality of patients with tuberculoid-type leprosy was studied during and after withdrawal of therapy. Patients generally had low sperm counts and spermatozoal motility was low with a greater number of abnormal forms compared with control subjects. Patients did not show a circannual variation in their sperm count as was observed in controls. The patients were oligozoospermic during their first year of medication, showing improvement in subsequent years. PMID- 3445298 TI - Reliable assessment of malaria prevalence through village clinics. AB - In 4 villages in the Pakistani Punjab, clinic surveys (CS) provided similar results on total malaria and malaria species prevalence as those from mass surveys (MS)--and at a fraction of the effort. This was true at 3 different levels of malaria transmission. Both methods requiring blood films from all interviewed subjects are believed to be superior to the classical active (ACD) and passive (PCD) case detection methods which sample only patients with a history of recent fever. These latter methods would not detect the large population of oligo- and asymptomatic parasitaemic subjects in the semi-immune population of malaria endemic areas. PMID- 3445299 TI - Chlorproguanil and chlorcycloguanil concentrations in human plasma and urine after Lapudrine administration. AB - Chlorproguanil and chlorcycloguanil concentrations in human plasma and urine were measured using a high performance liquid chromatographic method. The detection limit in plasma and urine was 5 ng/ml for chlorproguanil and 10 ng/ml for chlorcycloguanil. The elimination half-life of chlorproguanil (Lapudrine) in 2 healthy volunteers, after a single oral dose of the drug, was 14.7 and 16.1 h. No chlorcycloguanil could be detected in plasma over 32 h after dosing. PMID- 3445300 TI - Characterization of Leishmania species from Peru. AB - Twenty-six isolates of Leishmania parasites of Peruvian origin were studied by isoenzyme electrophoresis of four marker enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, G6PD and GPI), kinetoplast DNA hybridization and monoclonal antibody binding and compared with marker strains of the New World organisms L. b. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis, L. m. mexicana and L. m. amazonensis. 12 of the isolates studied were of Andean origin; 11 of these were isolated from patients with Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis. The organisms originating from the Peruvian Amazonian forest were isolated from patients with cutaneous (12 cases) or mucocutaneous (2 cases) leishmaniasis. One of the Andean isolates was obtained from an infected phlebotomine vector. 25 of the new isolates were identified as L. braziliensis ssp. according to the three techniques employed. The results of monoclonal antibody binding showed that 23 of the isolates were indistinguishable from L. b. braziliensis. Two isolates identified as L. braziliensis ssp. according to their isoenzyme profiles and k-DNA hybridization patterns could not be classified at the subspecies level. The isolate obtained from the phlebotomine vector could not be identified. No evidence of the existence of parasites of the L. mexicana complex in Peruvian territory was found in this study. The results obtained show a remarkable similarity between Leishmania of Andean origin and L. b. braziliensis. PMID- 3445301 TI - Effect of different saline solutions on the cercaricidal activity of normal human sera. PMID- 3445302 TI - Microfilaria in the cornea in onchocerciasis. PMID- 3445303 TI - Parasite-specific humoral responses in different clinical forms of strongyloidiasis. AB - Total IgE, specific IgE and IgG antibodies directed against Strongyloides stercoralis antigens were measured in the serum of 8 asymptomatic individuals with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis, 10 patients with symptomatic strongyloidiasis and 8 with a severe form of the disease. No correlation was found between any of the immunological quantities evaluated and the clinical form of strongyloidiasis. We suggest that other responses may be involved in determining clinical manifestations of this parasitosis. PMID- 3445304 TI - Cutaneous factors in susceptibility to American cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3445305 TI - Giardia infection during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 3445306 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis of adults in Sicily: a truce interrupted? PMID- 3445307 TI - Postpartum hypertensive heart failure in Nepalese women. PMID- 3445308 TI - Hepatitis B immunization of infants with a reduced number of injections: study of a schedule of three injections at three-month intervals. PMID- 3445309 TI - Age determination of Phlebotomus papatasi by detection of cuticular growthlines. PMID- 3445310 TI - Apical ventricular aneurysm and myocarditis. PMID- 3445311 TI - Albendazole in the treatment of hydatid disease: more than a hope. PMID- 3445312 TI - Immunopharmacology of chloroquine. PMID- 3445313 TI - Cryptosporidium in travellers from Pakistan. PMID- 3445314 TI - HIV antibodies in Mauritania. PMID- 3445315 TI - Type B hepatitis and yellow fever infections in West Africa. PMID- 3445316 TI - HIV infection in Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador. PMID- 3445318 TI - Successful use of a simple anaerobic system for the in vitro cultivation of infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus. PMID- 3445317 TI - Brugia malayi in a cat from southern Thailand. PMID- 3445319 TI - Canine leishmaniasis in western Sicily. PMID- 3445320 TI - Malaria in the Maprik area of the Sepik region, Papua New Guinea: 1957-1984. PMID- 3445322 TI - Water use and health in Mueda, Mozambique. AB - A comparison of domestic water use in 2 villages in Mueda, Mozambique, indicated that a reduction in the length of the water collection journey from 5 h to 10 min was associated with an increase in average water consumption from 4.1 to 11.1 litres per person per day. Bathing and washing clothes accounted for 70% of the increased total. Bathing of children was a regular nightly event in the village with a water supply but almost unknown in the other. Water used for food preparation also increased, suggesting that scarcity of water may also influence diet. A major benefit of water supply is the saving of women's time and effort from water collection. In Mueda, it was an average of 1 3/4 h per day. More than half the time saved was spent on other household tasks, particularly grinding cereals, and on other productive work. Women spent much of the remainder with their children. A trachoma survey, organized as a training exercise for medical students, found a 19% prevalence of trachoma in the village with a water supply, while the prevalence was twice this figure in another village with no supply. PMID- 3445321 TI - Paracoccidioidin sensitization in Guyana--a preliminary skin test survey in hospitalized patients and laboratory workers. AB - Thirty-one percent of a group of 49 hospitalized patients or laboratory workers in Guyana showed positive intradermal paracoccidioidin tests in the presence of negative histoplasmin reactions. In 2 patients (4%), the intradermal reactions to paracoccidioidin were greater than 10 mm in diameter. The prevalence of positive reactors in a selected population suggests that paracoccidioidomycosis may be endemic in Guyana although no clinical case has been reported from the country. A further survey in a larger, unselected population would lead to a clearer understanding of the problem. PMID- 3445323 TI - An intervention study using thiabendazole suspension against Strongyloides fuelleborni-like infections in Papua New Guinea. AB - In an isolated rural community in Papua New Guinea, 88 children were found to be infected with Strongyloides cf. fuelleborni; 50 of these also had hookworm infections. Their ages ranged from one to 124 months and all were treated with thiabendazole suspension, 25 mg/kg twice daily for 3 days. 2 patients with Strongyloides and 5 with hookworm were still passing ova 2 weeks after treatment although their egg counts were lower or the same as the pre-treatment counts. 26 children experienced some side effects from the drug, vomiting being the most common; in none did side effects prevent completion of therapy. No association between Strongyloides egg load and nutritional status, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory ailments, oedema or serum albumin levels was found. PMID- 3445324 TI - The simple laboratory maintenance of a highly productive Schistosoma japonicum life cycle. AB - The maintenance and infection of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis, the intermediate host of the Chinese strain of Schistosoma japonicum, is described. 60% of the snails exposed to miracidia became patent, and 5000 patent snails can be produced which yield over 250,000 cercariae per week. The maintenance and infection of snails require less than 8 man-hours per week. PMID- 3445325 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XXIII. The identification of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in wild-caught neotropical sandflies using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescence test natural flagellate infections of wild caught sandflies, from the Serra dos Carajas region of Para State, Brazil, were identified by sequentially staining smears made from the infected flies with monoclonal antibodies. With normal methods of isolation 30% of the infections were identifiable, but when monoclonal antibodies specific to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis were used a further 26% were identified. The staining of organisms in smears of natural infections was different from that seen with culture forms and with forms from experimentally infected wild flies. A monoclonal antibody previously thought to be specific for Leishmania did not react with culture forms of Endotrypanum, but did react with those of monoxenous insect parasites. PMID- 3445326 TI - Association of electrocardiographic abnormalities with seropositivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in Ecuador. AB - In highland Ecuador (province of El Oro), electrocardiograms (ECGs) were taken and analysed from 340 subjects, of whom 154 were seropositive to Trypanosoma cruzi by indirect haemagglutination test. Abnormal ECGs were present in 40.3% of seropositive individuals and 8.1% of seronegatives, and were slightly more common in seropositive males than in seropositive females. In seropositive individuals, the prevalence of abnormal ECG progressively increased with age and reached its peak level of 64.0% in the age group over 60 years, implying that Chagas disease in Ecuador produces little mortality among seropositive individuals. The most common ECG alterations were ventricular conduction defects: 26 of 117 seropositive individuals in the age group over 40 years had complete right bundle branch block. The frequency of atrioventricular block and arrhythmias was also associated with seropositivity to T. cruzi. A further ECG examination in lowland (province of Guayas) showed that the prevalence of abnormal ECGs there was significantly lower than that in highlands. These results suggest possible differences between T. cruzi strains in the two geographical areas of Ecuador. PMID- 3445327 TI - Unexpected low prevalence of delta antibodies in the east Amazon region and Sao Paulo: evidence for regional differences in the epidemiology of delta hepatitis virus within Brazil. AB - Antibodies (anti-HD) to hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were tested by radioimmunoassay in 207 human serum samples from the eastern Amazon (states of Para and Amapa) and Sao Paulo, Brazil. 42 Amazon HBsAg asymptomatic carriers were negative for anti-HD. 84 Sao Paulo HBsAg asymptomatic carriers were also negative. Among the 81 HBsAg patients from Sao Paulo with different liver diseases, only one had anti-HD. Liver biopsy of this chronic active hepatitis case was positive for HBsAg, HBcAg and HDAg in liver, by an immunoperoxidase technique. The low prevalence of HDV infections in Sao Paulo and eastern Amazon was unexpected and contrasts with the recent reports of high prevalence in the western Amazon region. Such regional differences emphasize the need for extensive and precise worldwide epidemiological studies of HDV. PMID- 3445328 TI - Influenza A and B antibody status in Tanzania. AB - Sera from 200 babies and young children and from 205 mother-newborn pairs were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody against three A-H1N1, one A H2N2, four A-H3N2, and two influenza B viruses. The results indicated that a higher concentration of antibody against all influenza A and B viruses tested was found more frequently in maternal sera than in neonatal sera. High prevalences of antibody and high geometric mean titres against the A-H2N2-1957 and A-H3N2-1968 viruses from the eras 1957-1968 and 1968-now, respectively, were found in the age groups above 15 years. The antibodies against former and recent epidemic influenza viruses of the A-H3N2 subtype, found among different adult age groups in Mwanza, Tanzania, showed a pattern similar to that in the population of The Netherlands. PMID- 3445329 TI - Rickettsial antibody in southern France: antibodies to Rickettsia conorii and Coxiella burnetii among urban, suburban and semi-rural blood donors. AB - Three hundred and twenty-five sera from blood donors in the south of France were examined by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. 18% of the sera had antibodies to Rickettsia conorii, with a significantly higher prevalence (26%) in urban and suburban areas than in semi-rural areas (13 to 16%). This supports the view that in the south of France the highest prevalence of Mediterranean Spotted Fever is suburban. 5% of the sera had antibodies to Coxiella burnetti in this area, in which Q fever is endemic. PMID- 3445330 TI - Age-related prevalence and intensity of Trichuris trichiura infection in a St. Lucian community. AB - Age-related changes in the average worm burden and the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection, in a village community in St. Lucia, were examined by field studies based on worm expulsion techniques. Horizontal age-intensity profiles were convex in form with peak parasite loads occurring in the 2 to 15-year-old children. Prevalence is shown to be a poor indicator of changes in average worm load with age. Faecal egg counts (epg and epd) provide a qualitative measure of worm burdens since fecundity is shown to be approximately independent of worm load. The parasites were highly aggregated within the study community, with most people harbouring low burdens while a few individuals harboured very heavy burdens. Of the total parasite populations in the study sample, 84% were harboured by the 2 to 15-year-old children. Of those individuals harbouring 100 worms or more, 87% were in the 2 to 10-year-old age range. Crude estimates of population parameters (basic reproductive rate, 4-5; rate of reinfection, 90 year 1) suggest that the rate of reinfection is higher than for other helminth parasites of man. The control of morbidity and parasite transmission is discussed in the context of targeting drug treatment at the child segment of the study population. PMID- 3445332 TI - A record system for drug administration by illiterate village health workers. PMID- 3445331 TI - Clinical pharmacology looks at tropical medicine. PMID- 3445333 TI - Mortality from meningococcal disease during an epidemic in The Gambia, West Africa. AB - Mortality from meningococcal disease was determined during an epidemic in a rural area of The Gambia with few medical resources, but where a system of registration of births and deaths had been established before the introduction of a primary health care programme. 33 deaths were recorded among 127 patients, a case mortality rate of 26%. 84% of deaths occurred within the first 24 h of illness and many patients died before they could reach any source of treatment. Previous studies, based on regional statistics or on hospital series, may have underestimated mortality from epidemic meningitis in Africa. Mortality from this infection will be reduced only if treatment can be made readily accessible to patients early in the course of their illness. PMID- 3445334 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in healthy Nepalese patients. PMID- 3445336 TI - Blood venom antigen levels after Malayan pit viper bite. PMID- 3445335 TI - Premenstrual syndrome in Sahelian Africa. A comparative study of 400 literate and illiterate women in Niger. AB - From March to November 1984, the authors examined 400 African women 14 to 30 years old. They were classed as urban or rural, literate or illiterate, wage earning or not. Signs of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were analysed and the intensity of symptoms evaluated. Only 5% of the women were asymptomatic. 31% described socially debilitating severe symptoms. The most common signs were painful breasts, lower abdominal pains and nervousness. Oedema of the legs was rare. PMS was more frequent in young, literate, urban women; illiterate rural women were more often asymptomatic and, when they were symptomatic, signs were less intense than in urban women. These differences are related to pregnancies and breast-feeding. Urban illiterate women were protected from PMS by the cycle of pregnancy-breast feeding-weaning-new pregnancy. In this group menstruation was rare because of the length of gravidic amenorrhea. PMID- 3445337 TI - Malaria in Portugal 1977-1986. PMID- 3445338 TI - Numerical taxonomy of some Old World Leishmania species. AB - Iraqi Leishmania stocks originating from human cutaneous and visceral infections, others from the sandfly Sergentomyia baghdadis, and one visceral stock from a dog, were compared among themselves and with Old World reference stocks, by electrophoresis of 11 enzymes. 79 unit characters emerged. Paired comparison technique and complete-linkage cluster analysis revealed heterogeneity within the L. donovani complex. The Iraqi L. donovani stocks appear to be more closely related to an Ethiopian reference L. donovani than to an L. donovani infantum. Two Indian visceral stocks were linked to the L. donovani complex and the L. tropica complex by similarity indices of the same range. The results show a marginally closer association between L. tropica and L. donovani complexes than between L. tropica and L. major. PMID- 3445339 TI - Serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis employing monoclonal antibodies. AB - A highly specific and sensitive competitive serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was developed using species specific Leishmania donovani monoclonal antibodies. This assay, either RIA or ELISA, is based on the specific inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to a crude parasite homogenate by serum from patients with VL. 15 monoclonal antibodies were examined. The binding of 13 antibodies was significantly inhibited by VL serum and unaffected by normal serum. 3 species-specific monoclonal antibodies, D-2, D-13 and D-14, which recognize different parasite antigens, were chosen for use in the competitive serodiagnostic assay. In 90% of the positive cases, regardless of geographic origin, VL sera inhibited monoclonal antibody binding to the parasite antigen by more than 30%. No false positive was obtained with sera from Chagas disease, lepromatous leprosy, schistosomiasis, malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, even at serum dilutions (1:100) which cross-react strongly with Leishmania antigen in direct binding assays. Inhibition by negative control sera from areas endemic for VL and from non-endemic areas was negligible. The assay takes less than 24 h, requires minimum amounts of sera or antigen, and is easily standardized allowing interlaboratory comparison of test data. The competitive serodiagnostic assay will be especially useful in areas where Chagas disease is coendemic and the rapid diagnosis of VL by direct binding serodiagnostic assays presents a problem. PMID- 3445340 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis recrudescence in a patient with AIDS. PMID- 3445341 TI - Natural infection of Phlebotomus perfiliewi with Leishmania infantum in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the Abruzzi region, Italy. AB - One out of 213 Phlebotomus perfiliewi caught from an endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Abruzzi region (Italy) was naturally infected with promastigotes. The parasites were grown in culture medium and in a hamster, typed by the examination of 11 isoenzymes, and found to be indistinguishable from Leishmania infantum s.st. (Montpellier zymodeme 1). The probable role of P. perfiliewi in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum s.l. in the focus is discussed. PMID- 3445342 TI - Marking of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) by feeding on sprayed, coloured sugar bait: a possible means for behavioural and control studies. PMID- 3445343 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in Baringo District, Kenya. AB - Leishmania major was isolated from lesions of a patient suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis in Baringo District of Kenya. Isoenzyme mobilities of this strain were compared with those of L. major, L. donovani, L. aethiopica and L. tropica reference strains and also L. major from a sand fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi, and a rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus, trapped in the same region. The patient's isolate had similar banding patterns to the L. major reference strain and also the rodent and the sand fly strains with the 9 enzymes examined. This is the first report in Kenya of an indigenous case with naturally acquired zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3445344 TI - Spontaneous healing of cutaneous Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis ulcers. PMID- 3445345 TI - Failure of Trypanosoma vivax to generate protective immunity in goats against transmission by Glossina morsitans morsitans. PMID- 3445346 TI - Chemotherapy of late-stage trypanosomiasis: the effect of the nitrothiazole compounds. PMID- 3445347 TI - Changes in the lipid composition and activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase during encystation of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni strain A-1. AB - The contents of total lipids, total sterols, total and individual phospholipids: lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and alkali-stable phospholipids I and II, were significantly lower in mature cysts of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni strain A-1 than in trophozoites. The major constituent sterols of trophozoites, viz. ergosterol, 7-dehydrostigmasterol and 7,22,25-tridehydrostigmasterol which resolved as a single spot on thin-layer chromatography, disappeared in the cysts. When trophozoites grown in the presence of [14C]acetate were transferred to encystation medium, there was a steady decrease in the radioactivity in the lipids and acid-soluble fraction (glycogen) of the encysting cells while the radioactivity increased in the akali-insoluble fraction (cellulose). The activity of isocitrate lyase in the encysting cells steadily increased up to 24 h of encystation, followed by a slight decrease during 24-32 h, but the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase steadily decreased up to 32 h of encystation, beyond which time no enzyme activity was detected. Inhibitors of isocitrate lyase, glycolate and maleate at 8.5 to 34 mM concentration inhibited encystation by 18 67%. PMID- 3445348 TI - Comparative studies on the axenic in vitro cultivation of Giardia of human and canine origin: evidence for intraspecific variation. AB - Comparative studies were carried out on the in vitro cultivation of Giardia duodenalis from dogs and humans. Cultures were initiated with trophozoites obtained by artificial excystation of cysts present in human or canine faecal specimens, or using trophozoites collected from the small intestine of dogs postmortem. 12 new human isolates of G. duodenalis were established in axenic culture from cysts present in faecal specimens, and successfully cryopreserved, an overall success rate for in vitro establishment of Giardia from cysts of approximately 44%. In contrast, not one of 24 canine isolates, whether of faecal or intestinal origin, became established in vitro. Since identical media and culture conditions were used for the cultivation of both human and canine isolates, the results may reflect strain differences. The zoonotic significance of such intraspecific variation is discussed. PMID- 3445349 TI - Effect of praziquantel on larval stages of Schistosoma japonicum. AB - The effect of praziquantel on S. japonicum mother sporocysts, daughter sporocysts and cercariae was studied. At concentrations of 3 X 10(-7), 3 X 10(-6) and 3 X 10(-5) M and treatment times of 24 or 48 h, mother and daughter sporocysts and young cercarial embryos were not affected but nearly mature cercariae were killed and dissociated. The resistance of young cercariae could support the suggestion that the primitive cercarial epithelium arises from the sporocyst tegument. Treatment with praziquantel always stopped cercarial emission; this cessation lasted for a few days with the lowest concentration and for up to 25 d with the highest. The duration of treatment slightly affected the pattern of reappearance of cercariae but markedly affected the long-term reduction in numbers. Free cercariae treated with praziquantel lost their tails in 10 to 60 min, depending on the concentration. PMID- 3445350 TI - Possible existence of an urban cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in central Tunisia. PMID- 3445351 TI - Periodicity studies of Brugia malayi in Indonesia: recent findings and a modified classification of the parasite. AB - We have recently reinvestigated the position of Brugia malayi in Indonesia. Periodicity patterns of microfilariae from several endemic areas were mathematically determined. We have also designed a simple method to quantify microfilaria periodicities in these studies. To determine whether periodicity patterns of microfilariae were stable, repeated studies were performed in the same individual or community. Other biological features of the parasite were also investigated. The parasite from each isolate was taxonomically identified as B. malayi. It could be classified into two distinct biological types, one nocturnally periodic and the other aperiodic, nocturnally subperiodic, or nocturnally periodic. We therefore propose to modify Wilson's classification, using the biological behaviour of the parasite in animals as the discriminating feature, and classify the two types as zoophilic and anthropophilic B. malayi. PMID- 3445352 TI - Differences in the male scutal patterns of putative Simulium sirbanum. PMID- 3445353 TI - HIV antibodies in Danish Volunteer Service personnel in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. PMID- 3445354 TI - The pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. AB - Culex tritaeniorhynchus were inoculated intrathoracically with mosquito and human strains of Japanese encephalitis virus and maintained at 26 degrees C or 32 degrees C. Virus titration and localization of viral antigen by avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining were done at intervals up to 21 days. Marked differences were noted in the tempo of organ involvement at the 2 temperatures; at both there was initial infection of fat body cells followed by selective infection of the central nervous system (CNS), with consistent infection of cells of the compound eye, patchy involvement of cephalic, thoracic and abdominal ganglia and no infection of Johnston's organ. CNS infection was always present 4 days after infection, when salivary gland involvement was first seen at 32 degrees C; at 26 degrees C CNS infection preceded salivary gland infection by 2 weeks. Late involvement of gut cells, pericardial cells and oviducts was also found, with no involvement of muscle. PMID- 3445355 TI - Serological survey on dengue virus infection in Singapore. AB - A serological study on dengue infection conducted in Singapore during the period 1982 to 1984 showed that 54.4% of the healthy population between 6 months and over 50 years of age surveyed possessed no haemagglutination-inhibition antibody to dengue type 2 virus. Children below 10 years of age showed the lowest antibody prevalence and were at the greatest risk, with 96.6% susceptible to infection, whereas virtually all adults over 40 showed evidence of prior dengue infection. The geometric mean titre showed a rising trend indicating continuing acquisition of infection in the older age groups. The seropositivity rate of dengue infection of males was twice that of females. Among the 3 major ethnic groups, no significant difference in seropositivity was noted between the Malays and Indians, but the differences between Malays and Chinese and between Indians and Chinese were statistically significant. The study confirmed that the successful implementation of the nation-wide Aedes control programme is reducing endemic dengue virus transmission in the country. PMID- 3445356 TI - The possible presence of Tahyna (Bunyaviridae, California serogroup) virus in The People's Republic of China. PMID- 3445357 TI - Viral haemorrhagic fever survey in Chobe (Botswana). PMID- 3445358 TI - Nomenclature of trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon. PMID- 3445359 TI - Further comments on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Belize, Central America. PMID- 3445360 TI - Dermal and visceral leishmaniasis and their causative agents. PMID- 3445361 TI - [Quantitative assessment of ultrastructural reorganizations in the adrenal cortex of rats under stress following preliminary hypophysectomy]. AB - It is shown possible to develop the stress reaction without hypophysis participation by means of the quantitative analysis of morphofunctional changes in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats in the immobilization stress dynamics. The course of the reaction under the long-term irritant effect may be of phasic character but it is distinguished by some ultrastructural peculiarities. PMID- 3445362 TI - [Trisomy of the distal 15q region due to familial balanced translocation t(15;16)(q24;p13) and unusual mosaicism in the mother of the proband]. AB - Clinic-cytogenetic analysis of the patient with distal 15q trisomy is presented. Proband's mother and grandmother are carriers of the balanced translocation t (15; 16) (q24; p13). Phenotypically normal proband's mother has a second cell clone with repaired marker chromosome 15 which participates in the balanced translocation of the main cell line. It is supposed possible to repair translocated human chromosomes as a result of mitotic recombination process. PMID- 3445363 TI - [Cytogenetic study of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the occupational irradiation of medical radiologists]. AB - Cultures of the peripheral blood lymphocytes have been cytogenetically analyzed in 95 medical radiologists and 25 persons of the control group. The chromosome aberrations frequency in medical personnel was found to exceed the spontaneous level. The amount of the chromosome aberrations and of the chromosomal-type aberrations increased with the growth of the accumulated irradiation dose and the length of service. PMID- 3445364 TI - [Characteristics of the DNA content in the cells of human pigmented nevi and of beginning and developed malignant melanomas of the skin]. AB - The comparative microspectrophotometric study of the DNA content in histological samples of 5 pigmented nevi, 3 dysplastic, 9 pigmented nevi with traits of malignization, and 10 malignant melanomas with the I-V invasion level by Clark has permitted determining a direct relationship between the expression degree and quality of the proliferation processes in neoplasia, on the one hand, and DNA quantity in nuclei, on the other hand. PMID- 3445365 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndromes]. PMID- 3445366 TI - [Neurogenic compression in thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 3445367 TI - [Cancer of the oral cavity and cancer of the oropharynx. A retrospective study of 390 patients]. PMID- 3445368 TI - [Infrared laser--effect in painful arthrosis of the knee?]. PMID- 3445369 TI - [Locked-in syndrome. Pontine lesion visualized with magnetic resonance scanning]. PMID- 3445370 TI - [Acute alcoholic polymyopathy]. PMID- 3445371 TI - [Farmer's lung in infants and young children]. PMID- 3445373 TI - [Recurrence of pregnancy hydronephrosis in subsequent pregnancies]. PMID- 3445372 TI - [Pre-eclampsia--on the track of a new principle?]. PMID- 3445374 TI - [Intra-umbilical administration of oxytocin in the treatment of retained placenta]. PMID- 3445375 TI - [Therapeutic consequences of an ambulatory follow-up program following Charnley hip joint alloplasty]. PMID- 3445376 TI - [Surgical treatment of false aneurysm after previous vascular surgery]. PMID- 3445377 TI - [Calve-Perthes disease]. PMID- 3445378 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and marathon running]. PMID- 3445379 TI - [Fatal non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis developing during training for running]. PMID- 3445380 TI - [Tuberculous spondylitis. An atypical case]. PMID- 3445381 TI - [Necrobacillosis. Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia]. PMID- 3445382 TI - [Recurrence of myxoma of the heart]. PMID- 3445383 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria. A problem of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3445385 TI - [Is there the possibility of reducing the mortality in ovarian cancer?]. PMID- 3445384 TI - [Laryngeal tuberculosis]. PMID- 3445386 TI - [Acute gastroenteritis. An epidemic related to contaminated drinking water]. PMID- 3445387 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura: problems in surgical diagnosis and management. AB - The clinico-pathological features of 133 consecutive cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura are presented, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal manifestations. The potential pitfalls of contrast radiography are underlined with respect to management of intussusception and a plea is made to re-establish clinical assessment of the abdomen as the prime indicator in deciding to undertake laparotomy. PMID- 3445388 TI - Antenatal care in Belfast. AB - A questionnaire study of mothers' views of the antenatal care provided in Belfast showed general satisfaction. Retrospective examination of their charts however showed in some cases that insufficient attention was paid to the medical and obstetric history in the selection of type of care made by the women and their doctors. Some women with high risk factors were booked for shared care and some patients at low risk were booked for total hospital care. The reasons for this are unclear.The mothers felt that continuity of care and communication at the health centre were better than at the hospital. Analysis of the number of hospital attendances showed that shared care patients appeared to be making an excessive number of visits to hospital. Many total hospital care patients also admitted that they were attending their general practitioners. There appeared to be marked duplication of effort as a result of poor communication between patient, general practitioner and hospital.Alternative ideas for care are suggested - a more integrated system for sharing antenatal care, and the development of general practitioner units within the specialist obstetric hospital. PMID- 3445389 TI - Radiation therapy of cancer of the uterine cervix in Northern Ireland. AB - From 1976 to 1980, 275 patients with invasive uterine cervical cancer were treated at the Northern Ireland Radiotherapy Centre. Most patients had combined intracavitary and external radiotherapy. Only 26% presented with clinical Stage 1 disease; there were more of these patients aged 30-39.Five-year survival was 68% for Stage 1, 48% for Stage 2, 16% for Stage 3 and 0 for Stage 4. Survival was better in the age group 30-39 (63%) than in the age group 20-29 (18%) and for those histologically graded as squamous (49%) rather than poorly differentiated (35%). Twelve patients required colostomy. Comparison of these results with other centres in the United Kingdom and the USA show that there is still room for improvement particularly in the identification of early stages of the disease. PMID- 3445390 TI - Perforated duodenal ulcer: which operation? AB - Between January 1968 and December 1977 a total of 230 patients with a perforated duodenal ulcer underwent emergency operation in the Royal Victoria Hospital. Simple suture closure of the perforation was carried out in 205, and in the remaining 25 a definitive ulcer procedure was performed in addition. Four patients died following operation, a mortality rate of 1.7%.During a mean follow up period of 10.3 years at least 107 patients (52%) who had simple suture closure of their perforation developed further ulcer symptoms. Of these, seven re perforated and a further 56 required elective definitive ulcer surgery. A strong case can be made for a definitive ulcer operation at the time of emergency surgery for a perforated chronic duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3445391 TI - A case of ocular torticollis. PMID- 3445392 TI - Renal tubular acidosis with nerve deafness. PMID- 3445393 TI - Empyema necessitatis presenting as a swelling in the right hypochondrium. PMID- 3445394 TI - Non-menstrual associated toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 3445395 TI - Adrenomyeloneuropathy. PMID- 3445397 TI - Hereditary renal and retinal dysplasia--the Senior-Loken syndrome. PMID- 3445396 TI - Systemic amyloidosis--three illustrative cases. PMID- 3445398 TI - Risk of recurrence after treatment of severe intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix. A follow-up of 896 patients. AB - Eight hundred and ninety-six patients were followed up cytologically for up to 21 years following treatment for a CIN III lesion of the cervix. The recurrence rate (8.8%) was lower after hysterectomy than after treatment which preserved the cervix (23%). Long-term yearly follow-up is not required as all recurrences were detected by annual smears for a seven-year period after treatment in both groups. It is important to keep patients under cytological review following hysterectomy because of the appreciable recurrence rate and also evidence that intraepithelial lesions of the vaginal vault behave in an aggressive fashion. PMID- 3445399 TI - Immune response to multiple skin test antigens in haemophiliacs. AB - Using seven skin test antigens the cell-mediated immune response was evaluated in 20 haemophiliacs, 10 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive and 10 antibody-negative. Response rates were compared with 75 healthy males of similar age range. All haemophiliac patients displayed significant impairment of cell mediated reactivity to the test antigens; however, there was no apparent correlation with HIV antibody status. PMID- 3445400 TI - Phase-derivative imaging. I: Methods and stabilization analysis. AB - The potential of using the phase derivative (PD) for echographic imaging was investigated. The PD data were calculated by four methods: zero crossing (ZCS) with squelch addition, analytic signal either with squelch addition (ASS) or with employment of a Wiener kernel (ASW), and unwrapped phase (UWP). The large peaks which occur in an unprocessed PD signal were "stabilized" by some kind of smoothing algorithm. The effects of the amplitude of the squelch signal and of the degree of smoothing were systematically investigated for experimental and simulated 1-D and 2-D rf echograms. The optimal pictures obtained for all four PD estimation methods were compared to the amplitude modulated (AM) image obtained from the same rf data. It is concluded that three different PD images can be derived: AM dominated (ZCS, ASS), mixed AM-PD (ASW) and pure PD (UWP) images. Some preliminary conclusions regarding the potential of PD imaging for medical diagnostics were drawn. These conclusions were based on quantitative 1st order statistics and on a qualitative assessment of 2nd order statistics of the PD image texture. PMID- 3445401 TI - Optimization of the lateral resolution of a transducer. AB - This paper deals with the problem of optimizing the lateral resolution with respect to the velocity distribution of the transducer surface. In order to determine the acoustic field, the transducer is divided into circular annuli with a predetermined shape of the velocity distribution. The acoustic field from the transducer is a weighted sum of the fields from the annuli. The lateral resolution is optimized with respect to these weights. Examples are given to illustrate the method. PMID- 3445402 TI - A wavefield extrapolation method for simulating B-scan images. AB - We describe an algorithm which improves the efficiency of simulations of B-scan images involving water path acoustical imaging systems. The method is a hybrid approach in which Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory is used to extrapolate the propagated part of the acoustic pressure field back to the transducer while the scattered field produced by the tissue is obtained using a time-domain scattering algorithm. Considerable savings in both CPU time and array storage are achieved by elimination of discrete time updates on the computational grid between the source and the tissue. PMID- 3445403 TI - Dependence of ultrasonic nonlinear parameter B/A on fat. AB - This study deals with the relationship between the magnitude of acoustic nonlinearity, sound speed of tissues and the amount of fat present in them. A two component model, i.e., nonfat and fat, has been assumed and equations that relate the nonlinear parameter (B/A) of a medium to the properties of its components have been derived for two cases. In the first case, the density and sound speed are the same for the two components; B/A is a linear function of fat concentration. To represent this case, mixtures of egg white and yolk were studied. Even though the differences in density and sound speed of the two egg components were within 1 percent of each other, B/A showed a deviation from linearity. In the second case, i.e., when the density and sound speed of the two components are not equal, a quadratic equation has been derived using mixture laws. Livers, fats, egg mixtures, and oil data were used to represent this case. B/A increased quadratically with fat concentration. The presence of proteins on the binary aqueous/fat mixtures modified the quadratic rule. PMID- 3445404 TI - A Taylor series expansion for time savings in accurate computation of focused ultrasound pressure fields. AB - A model for the continuous wave (cw) pressure beam distribution of a focused axially symmetric ultrasonic radiator with constant radius of curvature involves integration of eikr/r over the surface of the radiator. (k is the complex wave number and r is the distance from a radiating area element to the field point). A single integral form exists, and it is this form that is expanded in a Taylor series in frequency. Thus, when representing a pulse as a superposition of cw beams, the need to do numerical integrations for each one of a large number of frequencies is eliminated. Accuracy of the truncated Taylor series depends on the coordinates of the field point as well as on the difference between the frequency of interest and the reference frequency. Accuracy criteria for a particular application are also presented. The computer time savings for our applications correspond to a factor of about 60 with accuracy being maintained. PMID- 3445405 TI - [Results of trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3445406 TI - [Microsurgical ocular hypotensive operations in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3445407 TI - [Intraocular correction of aphakia in patients with primary glaucoma]. PMID- 3445408 TI - [Extracapsular extraction of senile cataract by trabeculectomy]. PMID- 3445409 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in a wound process resulting in ocular subatrophy]. PMID- 3445410 TI - [Optimal conditions for filtration after hypotensive ophthalmological surgical interventions]. PMID- 3445411 TI - [Primary combined plastic surgery of non-gunshot wounds of the eyelids]. PMID- 3445412 TI - [Status of the organ of vision in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3445413 TI - [Effect of acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication on the regeneration of the epithelium and corneal sensitivity]. PMID- 3445414 TI - [Experience with the diagnosis and treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3445415 TI - [Incidence and structure of eye diseases among women and children of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]. PMID- 3445416 TI - [Results of ultrasonic therapy of pterygium]. PMID- 3445417 TI - [Value of perimetry in early and differential diagnosis of pigmented neoplasms of the choroid]. PMID- 3445418 TI - [Self control of visual functions]. PMID- 3445420 TI - [A method of refractometry in reduced transparency of the refractive media of the eye]. PMID- 3445419 TI - [Forming intrascleral draining canaliculi by using a crystalline lens capsule transplant]. PMID- 3445421 TI - [A case of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome]. PMID- 3445422 TI - [Pathology of the organ of vision in children with congenital rubella and combined defects]. PMID- 3445423 TI - [A case of congenital atresia of both lacrimal openings and the outlet of the nasolacrimal duct]. PMID- 3445425 TI - Experimental reproduction of porcine proliferative enteritis. AB - Conventional crossbred pigs from different sources and of different weights were examined for susceptibility to porcine proliferative enteritis. The ileal mucosa of pigs with the disease was emulsified and suspended in Mueller-Hinton broth. Pigs weighing 15, 120 and 200 lb (6.8, 54.5 and 91 kg) (four pigs per group) were stressed and inoculated orally with 80 ml of emulsified proliferative ilea. Severe lesions of porcine proliferative enteritis were detected in three of the four pigs weighing 6.8 kg. Mild lesions were detected in two of the four pigs in each of the other two groups. Gross lesions consisted of reticulation of the serosa, and hyperaemia and thickening of the mucosa with either fibrin or blood clots adherent to the mucosal surface. Inflammation, numerous mitotic figures and epithelial cell proliferation were observed microscopically in the crypts. Silver stained sections revealed numerous comma-shaped organisms in the crypts of infected epithelial cells. Using this method, serial reproduction of the disease was accomplished through the passage of fresh and previously frozen inocula. The virulence of the freshly prepared inoculum increased with passage through the host, whereas the inoculum prepared from tissue that had previously been frozen showed a decrease in infectivity and virulence. These data provide strong evidence for the infectious nature of this disease. PMID- 3445424 TI - [Treatment of suppurative corneal ulcers]. PMID- 3445426 TI - Use of an oxfendazole pulse release bolus in calves exposed to natural subclinical infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. AB - During the first grazing season a group of calves treated with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus achieved a mean (+/- sem) weight gain of 140.7 (+/- 6.7) kg compared with 106.5 (+/- 5.7) kg by a group treated once with ivermectin mid season, and 116.9 (+/- 6.9) kg by a group which received no treatment. This economic advantage was maintained during the period of winter housing. By the end of the second grazing season, during which the animals received no anthelmintic medication, they weighed on average 20 kg more than the wholly untreated group, a difference which was not statistically significant. No signs of clinical disease were observed in either the animals dosed with a pulse release bolus or the undosed control animals during the two year trial period. The treatment with the oxfendazole pulse release bolus greatly reduced the degree of pasture contamination in the first year but in the second year those animals that had been treated in the first year developed higher worm egg counts (P less than 0.001) and thus augmented the levels of pasture contamination compared with the untreated control animals. Nematodirus battus and N filicollis both produced low grade but fertile infestations in the calves. PMID- 3445427 TI - Eimeria magna: resistance against robenidine in the rabbit. PMID- 3445428 TI - Blowpipe permission. PMID- 3445429 TI - Intratracheal treatment. PMID- 3445430 TI - [Changes in the locomotor apparatus of middle-aged and elderly subjects in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 3445432 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of cranio-clavicular dysplasia]. PMID- 3445431 TI - [X-ray semiotics of the changes in the osteoarticular system in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3445433 TI - [Dislocations in the craniovertebral region in Bekhterev's disease]. PMID- 3445434 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the spine]. PMID- 3445435 TI - [Contrast myelography in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk herniation in lumbar osteochondrosis]. PMID- 3445436 TI - [X-ray semiotics of metastases of thyroid cancer to the bones]. PMID- 3445438 TI - [Initial experience in the use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 3445437 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs in children]. PMID- 3445439 TI - [Characteristics of the x-ray picture of changes in the bones accompanying soft tissue tumors]. PMID- 3445440 TI - [Angiographic picture of desmoid fibromas of the soft tissues]. PMID- 3445441 TI - [Potentialities of the densitometric analysis of x-ray pictures in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3445442 TI - [Osteoplastic metastases of cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 3445443 TI - [A case of chondrocalcinosis at an early age]. PMID- 3445444 TI - [Use of leveling filtration in radiography]. PMID- 3445445 TI - Milk and blood levels of silicon and selenium status in bovine mastitis. AB - Milk and blood levels of silicon, selenium and the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in 20 healthy and 21 mastitic cows. In milk samples from healthy quarters the mean silicon concentration was 0.81 and in affected ones 0.39 ppm. In serum the mean silicon values were 1.63 and 1.02 ppm respectively. The selenium status was not altered but the level of erythrocyte GSH-Px was lowered in mastitic animals. Silicon is known to have marked effects on free radical formation, lipid peroxidation and macrophage activity. Its possible role in infection and inflammation is evaluated. Some of the functions of silicon may resemble those of selenium. The possibility of lowered levels of silicon and of the selenoenzyme in mastitis calls for experimentation with dietary or pharmaceutical supplementation of these trace elements. PMID- 3445447 TI - Infection rates, cyst fertility and larval viability of hydatid disease in camels, sheep and cattle in Gassim, Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3445448 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the small intestine of pigs with rotavirus diarrhea]. AB - Studied were the pathohistological changes and the morphologic-structural injuries of intestinal mucosa of pigs (5-7 days old), spontaneously affected with rotavirus diarrhea, raised by traditional methods. Simultaneously with the rotavirus invasion was established Isospora suis. In spite of the early time of the disorder (the test was carried out 24 hours after the appearance of the first clinical symptoms) there were established different in degree and expression morphologic changes; atrophy and fusion of the fibrils, replacement of the cylindrical epithelium with cubic, dystrophy and exfoliation of the enterocytes with exposure of the lamina propria. The burden of the dystrophic processes, which has affected the intestinal mycosis, was registered by scanning electronic microscopy. The dystrophic processes start at the top of the intestinal fibrils, the fusion of the fibrils spreads over a big number of them, forming a conglomerate mass. Simultaneously with the fibrils, affected by dystrophy, were observed fibrils with normal shape and size. During immunofluorescent examinations also is observed focal distribution of enterocytes, containing antigen on some of the fibrils. Now is discussed the importance of the pathogenic microflora, in the intestinal track of pigs, raised by traditional methods, for the early appearance and for the burden of the morphologic-structural changes. PMID- 3445446 TI - The efficacy of dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine in treating endotoxin induced changes in calves. AB - Eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of endotoxic shock. Drugs which alter eicosanoid production such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are beneficial in treating endotoxic shock. Experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, and/or flunixin meglumine, a NSAID, in treating endotoxin-induced changes in calves. Fourteen male calves were assigned to one of four treatment groups: group 1, endotoxin-untreated; group 2, endotoxin-flunixin meglumine treated; group 3, endotoxin-dexamethasone-treated; group 4, endotoxin-flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone-treated. Each calf was given three intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of E. coli endotoxin. Hemodynamic, blood gas, blood chemical and eicosanoid level determinations were obtained. Thirty minutes after endotoxin injection, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased and cardiac output (CO) decreased compared with baseline, corresponding to increased thromboxaneB2 levels in groups 1 and 3. These groups exhibited a decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) at three and five hours corresponding to increased 6-keto prostaglandinF1 alpha. The MAP, PAP and CO of group 4 remained near baseline for the entire six hours, except for a late drop in MAP. Lactic acid levels were significantly increased and arterial bicarbonate levels were reduced by six hours in all groups except for group 4. These results indicate that the combination treatment of flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone prevents many of the metabolic derangements observed during endotoxic shock in calves. PMID- 3445449 TI - [Resistance of Salmonella abortus ovis to disinfectant agents]. AB - By the method "test-vector" the influence of solutions of chlorinated lime, chloramine, sodium base formalin was investigated over 30 strains Salm. abortus ovis isolated from fecal and vaginal samples, as well as from aborted foetus. It was established that S. abortus ovis manifests different stability against the separated disinfectants. These microorganisms are most sensitive to the action of chlorine preparations. For that reason is recommended to use the chlorinated lime and the chloramine with priority for disinfection of Salm. abortus ovis. PMID- 3445450 TI - [Chronic 90-day toxicity of apramycin in chickens]. AB - Investigations were carried out on 72 2-day-old broilers, divided into four groups (one control group--27 broilers and 3 experimental groups--15 broilers in each), treated with apramycin sulphate (AS), which was added to the food in concentration 0, 330, 1000 and 1600 mg/kg (corresponding to 0, 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg m.), in the course of 90 days. It was established that dose of 50 mg/kg m. AS does not causes toxic activities. With doses of 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg m. AS causes reduction of the degree of the pseudo-eosinophilic cells and increase of the percentage of leucocytes--in range similar to the physiological variations, contributes to stimulate the growth and the feed conversion. With doses of 150 and 250 mg/kg m. AS causes reduction of the content of haemoglobin and reduction of the number of erythrocytes; causes dystrophic changes in the internal organs. PMID- 3445451 TI - [Pharmacokinetic research on Pharmachem's lincomycin hydrochloride in pigs]. AB - In the experiments lincomycin hydrochloride LMC "F" with activity 820 UI/mg was used. It was established that in pigs, 5% water solution of LMC "F", applied intramuscularly in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg m. and internally in doses 50 and 100 mg/kg m., penetrates comparatively quickly in the blood serum, and yet in the first hour established maximal concentrations. Intramuscular injection of LMC "F" of pigs, in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg m., creates bacteriostatic concentrations in the blood serum for 12 hours, regardless of the quantity of the dose, and applied internally has a longer duration of the retention. The biological half-life of LMC "F" after muscular application in pigs is accordingly 1.7 and 3.5 hours, and after internal application 2.3 and 2.8 hours. Applied a single time intramuscularly in pigs in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg m., LMC "F" is resorbed from the place of application and after 3 hours is established in most high quantities in the kidney in the lungs, the liver, the bile and in the urine. Mainly it is extracted with the urine in high concentrations--about 190 mg/cm3 (on the 3-rd hour), after intramuscular injection in dose of 10 mg/kg m. The longest time the antibiotic remains in the lungs, the urine and in the bile (up to 96 hours). PMID- 3445452 TI - [Treatment of puerperal endometritis in cows by the intra-arterial injection of drugs]. AB - Cured were 59 cows, affected by puerperal catarrhal suppurative endometritis, by intra-aortic and uterine infusion of procaine and antibiotic solutions. A good curative and biological effect was reached. The aortic-treated animals were fertilized at average independence and service periods--accordingly 43.52 and 57.31 days, for the uterine treatment--accordingly 51.67 and 78 days. PMID- 3445453 TI - [Effect of hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum (blood) on the growth and reactivity of hypotrophic pigs]. AB - Investigated was the influence of hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum (blood) on the growth and reactivity in hypotrophic pigs. The sample pigs were injected subcutaneously 2 times (with interval 15 days) with 0.5 cm3 solution of lyophilized blood, extracted from immunized with bovine serum rabbits. For a solvent was used 10% solution of Vitamin C. The used in the experiment serum had a titer over 10,000, total albumin--20.15, albumin--7.26, alpha-globulin--3.22, beta-globulin--1.62, gamma-globulin--8.05 mmol/l. The control pigs were treated with the solvent. It was established, that for 30 days the daily growth of the control pigs was bigger with 100 g in comparison with the experimental pigs. Reliably was increased (P less than 0.02) the aggregate phagocytic ability of the blood. The average haemoglobin content and the haematocrit were on the limit of reliability (P less than 0.05). The common condition of the experimental pigs was much better. It was prepared a stable blood medicine, suitable for long storage, easily applicable in the industrial pig farming. PMID- 3445454 TI - [ECG telemetry in cows]. AB - By the method of ECG telemetry was investigated the cardiac, activity in 245 cows, from which 125--in the lactation period, 48--pregnant and 112--new-calved. It was established that the cardiac frequency in pregnant cows is 83.3 min-1, in new-calved--83.7 min-1 and in milch-cows--86.3 min-1. The elements of ECG are similar in value for the separated groups of cows, and are in the limits for the peak P by amplitude--from 0.22 to 0.24 mV and duration--from 0.080 to 0.083 s, for the peak R the amplitude is from 1.17 to 1.20 mV and the duration--from 0.063 to 0.065 s. The values of interval and segment P--Q, of segment S-T, interval Q- T and segment T--P are shown. Proved are changes in the shape and duration of the T wave, which occurs as diphasic in the pregnant and new-calved cows--up to 45% and in the milch-cows--9.6%. PMID- 3445455 TI - [Histological characteristics of the intraorbital glands of pheasants with tuberculosis]. AB - For the first time in the country are investigated histologically lacrimal and Harderian glands of pheasants, affected by tuberculosis, raised in pens. By histological analysis were reported the results of the cell reactivity in the affected by the tubercular process tissues and organs. Under the influence of the mycobacteria and their disintegration products the tissues react specifically. In pheasants, affected by tuberculosis are established destructive processes in the intraorbital glands. Mainly in the connective tissue of the glands are observed tubercular knots, which morphologically differ from these in the hen. In the interlobular tissue, in the interacinar and peritubular connective tissue exist strongly expressed infiltration with cells of the lymphoid series, phagocytes and heterophils, as a result of the affected-tissue reactivity, on account of the local and diffusional spreading of the tubercular bacillus in the glands. PMID- 3445456 TI - [Blood coagulation indices of turkey poults experimentally infected with Eimeria adenoeides]. AB - Studied were the changes, taking place in the thrombocytes, the cephalin-kaolin time, the fibrinogen, the prothrombin time, the presence and the quantity of the soluble fibrin monomer complexes. Used were 70 3-week-old turkey poults, divided into two groups--experimental and control. It was established that up to the 24th hour after the invasion no serious changes were observed. Changes take place on the 48th, 72nd, 96th and 120th hour, after the invasion, characterizing the disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most typical are the changes on the 96th and 120th hour after the invasion, which express in decreasing the number of thrombocytes and the quantity of fibrinogen and in increasing the content of the soluble fibrin monomer complexes. PMID- 3445457 TI - [Economic effect of using a comprehensive program for the control of Varroa infestation]. AB - The control of Varroa infestation in honeybees embraces a system of veterinary measures requiring an overall economic evaluation as a prerequisite for the wide use of a special programme. A comparative economic analysis of the dynamics of the process is made for two periods: a basic one, when no programmed control measures have been taken, and a planned one, when the programme has been put into practice and the results thereof by the end of the time are compared with those of the basic period. Employed has been the method of the index factorial analysis taking into consideration the complex and individual effects of definite factors, contributing to such effects. The increased absolute volume of material expenditures (chiefly therapeutic agents) is reflected in the absolute and the relative growth in the end-product economic results obtained with the two apiaries studied. PMID- 3445458 TI - [Replication of a local strain of swine parvovirus in swine kidney cell cultures]. AB - The kinetics of replication of strain of parvovirus in swine was investigated in the primary cell cultures of swine kidney. The morphologic changes were traced in inoculated cultures by microscopic observation and the replication of the virus in the cells by immune-fluorescent examinations. The quality of the virus in the cell monolayer and in the nutritive medium, in the different periods after the infection, was determined by hemagglutination test. By the immune-fluorescent examinations, the virus was proved still in the first hours, while the first morphologic changes of the monolayer were determined 72 hours after the infection. The nuclear fluorescent appears at the 12-th hour and increases its intensity 24 hours after the infection. At the 72-nd hour and later predominates the cytoplasmatic fluorescent. The cell monolayer produces virus up to the 96-th hour, and the virus titer reaches its maximum 120 hours after the inoculation, which is the most appropriate moment for the yield of virus. PMID- 3445459 TI - [Postgraduate training in veterinary pharmacology]. AB - The system of postgraduate training of veterinary pharmacology in the European countries is different--in some countries it is connected mainly with the intensive research work and with the obtaining of academic ranks (Ph. D., Dr. Sc.), in others--with attendance at special courses, with nonobligatory research work and with the obtaining of certificates (diplomas); in more countries are organized short-term courses for qualification and refreshment of the knowledge of the pharmacologists. There are no special forms of post-graduate work of pharmacologists for the pharmaceutical industry. Proposals are brought forward for postgraduate work of veterinary pharmacology in the range of European Association of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (E. A. V. Ph. T.)--unified system of special courses (long-term and middle-term) for specialization of the higher graduates and forms of education, connected with the obtaining of academic rank. There are recommended definite courses, including international, for raising the qualification and for refreshment of knowledge of the working veterinary pharmacologists, also courses, organized with the help of outstanding guest-scientists, invited in definite countries, and mutual visits of institutes and laboratories. For pharmacologists, in the pharmaceutical industry is recommended preliminarily 2-years education in universities or academies, and after that a special education in the research laboratories of the pharmaceutical firms. It is usefull for all courses to use not only the classic forms of education--lectures, but as well films, videos, computers etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3445460 TI - Response suppression by extending sine-wave gratings within the receptive fields of neurons in visual cortical area V3A of the macaque monkey. AB - Even though there are many more cycles of the "optimal" grating extending across the receptive fields of cells in V3A than of cells in V1 and V2, the spatial frequency bandwidths in V3A are no narrower than in V1 or V2. Thus, the inputs to V3A cells are not combined in a phase coherent manner across the entire receptive field. Moreover, the defined receptive fields of cells in V3A are generally surrounded by suppressive regions which are, on average, much stronger than those found for neurons in V1 and V2. Even within the classical receptive field, most neurons in V3A respond far more vigorously to a limited patch of a few cycles of a grating at the preferred spatial frequency than to wider grating stimuli. This intra-receptive field suppression demonstrates a new level of response complexity, and suggests that V3A cells may antagonistically combine nonlinear mechanisms that themselves encode stimulus energy over a restricted region of space and spatial-frequency. PMID- 3445461 TI - The effect of metoclopramide on the Ganzfeld electroretinogram. AB - Antecedent light flashes enhance the amplitude of the electroretinogram (ERG) oscillatory potentials, but do not modify other ERG responses nor dark-adaptation sensory thresholds. Metoclopramide infusion (i.v.) has a generally attenuating effect on the ERG, which is more evident under conditions of dark- than light adaptation. Metoclopramide decreases the peak amplitude of the rod b-wave and the dark-adapted cone b-wave in a similar manner; it also significantly increases the implicit time of the rod b-wave, but not of the dark-adapted cone b-wave. In addition metoclopramide reverses the enhancement of the oscillatory potentials by the antecedent light flashes. PMID- 3445462 TI - Representation of edges of variable blur by neuronal responses in the lateral geniculate body and the visual cortex of cats: limits of linear prediction. AB - We have measured the responses of cells in the cats lateral geniculate body and the visual cortex to edges which were blurred to various degrees (cosinusoidal blur). For the same cells also the responses were determined to sinusoidal gratings of various fundamental frequency and to slits of various blur and width. All stimuli were moved across the receptive fields at various speeds. The responses of most cells increased with increasing edge sharpness, but usually reached a maximum at a blur corresponding to a high frequency cutoff at 0.6-1.2 c/deg. The responses to the sharpest edges were usually smaller than those to a blurred edge (up to -50% in individual cells and -15% in the average). After normalization, the responses predicted from the spatial frequency tuning curves and the Fourier transform of the edge stimuli corresponded well to the measured blur functions up to the maximum of the edge response which varied considerably between cells, however. At edge sharpness beyond that maximum, the predicted curves rose up to edge sharpness with high frequency cutoff 1.6-1.8 times above that which produced the experimental neuronal response maximum. On the other hand, responses could increase with edge sharpening in spatial frequency regions, in which no or only small responses were seen with sinusoidal gratings (e.g. at lower spatial frequencies in "band pass neurons"). Geniculate X- and cortical simple cells as well as those geniculate Y-cells which showed phase locked grating responses behaved similarly in all respects. We concluded that edge sharpness is not represented by response amplitude of individual neurons but by the spatial distribution of excitatory peaks across the representation of the retinotopic cortical map. Our findings further indicate that spatial models of receptive fields assuming linear signal summation have only a limited value for predicting edge sharpness. PMID- 3445463 TI - Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity of the pigmented rat determined electrophysiologically. AB - The contrast sensitivity function of the rat was assessed by investigating the relationship between the amplitude of visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP) and the spatial frequency and contrast of grating stimuli. Pattern reversal VECPs were recorded in Area 17 in the region of representation of the central binocular visual field. Transient responses were obtained with a 1 Hz contrast reversal. The mean contralateral monocular CSF peaked around 0.1 c/deg, with a threshold sensitivity of 20-25, low frequency attenuation and a high frequency cut-off of 1.18 c/deg. The mean binocular CSF showed a cut-off of 1.20 c/deg, which matches several behavioural measurements of visual acuity. The greater binocular sensitivity in the low frequency range (0.04 c/deg) could be tentatively attributed to the greater influence of the population of large ganglion cells that reaches its maximal density in the ipsilateral projection. PMID- 3445464 TI - Do Y geniculate neurons have greater contrast sensitivity than X geniculate neurons at all visual field locations? AB - Contrast sensitivities for gratings of different spatial frequencies drifting at 5.2 Hz were measured for X- and Y-type neurons of the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. It was found that, for cells with neighboring receptive fields, the peak contrast sensitivities of Y-type cells were always greater than those of X-type cells. This greater contrast sensitivity of Y geniculate cells was found not to depend on the area of visual field in which the cells' receptive fields were located. PMID- 3445465 TI - A parametric analysis of human saccades in different experimental paradigms. AB - In this paper we report on human saccade dynamics in three different experimental paradigms: visual target, remembered target and anti-saccade task. We found that saccades to remembered targets and anti-saccades have strongly reduced peak velocities coupled with markedly increased durations. In addition we observed a considerable degree of asymmetry in the velocity profiles of these saccades. By using gamma functions to describe the shape of the velocity profiles a parameter characterizing the degree of asymmetry (skewness) was computed: it was found that skewness increases with saccade amplitude. Due to the large variability in saccade durations for any given amplitude in our data we could confirm the recent claim, based on pharmacologically induced slow saccades, that skewness is more tightly related to duration than to amplitude. The duration/skewness relationship appeared to be nearly invariant with saccade type. We conclude that the commonly used main-sequence description of saccades is incomplete and can be extended usefully by including skewness. The possible neural basis of the task-related differences in saccade properties and their implications for models of the saccadic system are discussed. It is suggested that the marked differences in dynamic properties among different saccade types may reflect processes in the visuomotor rather than in the motor system. PMID- 3445466 TI - The change in color matches with retinal angle of incidence of the colorimeter beams. AB - Differences between W.D.W. chromaticities of monochromatic lights obtained with all colorimeter beams incident on the retina "off-axis" and those found for lights striking the retina normally have been studied throughout the visible spectrum on 4 normal trichromats. The results are inconsistent with: (i) the assumption in Weale's theories of the Stiles-Crawford hue shift that the sets of absorption spectra of the visual pigments catching normally and obliquely incident photons are identical, and (ii) "self-screening" explanations for the change in color with angle of incidence on the retina. The color matching functions of a protanomalous trichromat are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the absorption spectra of the visual pigments catching normally incident photons in his retina are those catching obliquely incident photons in the normal retina. PMID- 3445467 TI - Experimentally induced myopia does not affect post-hatching development of the chick lens. AB - Myopia, as characterized by a large refractive error (e.g. -10.7 +/- 0.4 D), was induced in post-hatch chicks by a 14 day application of a goggle that was designed to blur the retinal image. In comparison to untreated eyes, the treated eye showed significant changes in wet eye weight and both axial and equatorial lengths. However, the lenses of myopic and non-myopic eyes were not significantly different in focal characteristics, light transmittance or total soluble protein content. Thus the lens neither contributes to, nor compensates for the large refractive error observed in experimentally induced myopia. PMID- 3445469 TI - The effects of optical vergence, contrast, and luminance on the accommodative response to spatially bandpass filtered targets. AB - The steady-state monocular accommodative response was measured using a new type of stimulus, a spatially bandpass filtered luminance distribution known as a difference of Gaussian or DOG. The independent variables were: spatial frequency, optical vergence, contrast, and mean luminance. High-contrast DOGs of varying peak spatial frequencies were presented monocularly over a range of target optical vergences. In addition, DOGs were presented at a fixed dioptric vergence (1) over a range of contrasts with a constant mean luminance, and (2) over a range of mean luminances with a constant contrast. The magnitude of the accommodative error was found to depend on the total stimulus condition, i.e. the particular level of each independent variable. Changes in retinal-image contrast from the background (zero-defocus) level, which were brought about by the errors of accommodation under the various stimulus conditions, were mathematically determined and were used to calculate the "accommodative (contrast discrimination) Weber fractions". Comparisons between accommodative and psychophysical contrast discrimination data revealed that there are limits to the degree of shared processing of contrast discrimination information between accommodation and visual perception. PMID- 3445468 TI - Direction specific masking and the analysis of motion in two dimensions. AB - We measured the effects of moving two-component cosine grating masks on the detectability of a moving spatially localized test pattern with a 1.0 octave spatial frequency bandwidth. Masking was used to distinguish between two component patterns with fluid motion (blobs) and those with rigid motion (plaids). The two gratings which made up the two-dimensional masking patterns were always of the same spatial frequency and contrast, but moved in different directions. We find that plaid masks consistently produced threshold elevations that are 2.0-4.0 times greater than are produced by a single component mask at twice the contrast. Furthermore, this effect is nearly independent of the angle between the two mask components. For fluid motion, however, masking is determined by the mask component whose direction of motion is closest to that of the test. The results obtained with moving two-dimensional patterns demonstrate that, for blobs, the motion of the pattern as a whole has no effect on the degree of masking, whereas, for plaids, the signals arising from the two components interact in a nonlinear manner, thus producing a substantial enhancement of masking, which is clearly related to the coherent motion of the entire pattern. These data shed light on the properties of higher order motion units (possibly in MT cortex) that respond to the direction of two-dimensional pattern motion, suggesting that they combine, in a nonlinear manner, the outputs of units which respond independently to the direction of each mask component. PMID- 3445470 TI - Human optokinetic nystagmus in response to moving binocularly disparate stimuli. AB - Physiological and behavioral evidence shows that the directionally preponderant subcortical control of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in lower mammals is supplemented in higher mammals by bidirectional cortical control. It is hypothesized that this cortical control allows higher mammals to cope with the parallactic movement of the scene produced by linear motion of the body. In particular, it is hypothesized that a coupling between OKN and stereopsis allows higher mammals to stabilize the images of objects within the plane of fixation while ignoring motion signals from objects at other distances. According to this hypothesis the gain of the slow phase of OKN should be highest for binocularly fused moving stimuli and attenuated for binocularly disparate displays. The results of Experiment 1 confirmed this prediction although the effects of accommodation were not ruled out completely. In Experiment 2 a display moving in one direction was presented across the central retina at the same time as one moving in the opposite direction was presented in the upper and lower periphery. It was found that subjects do not show OKN in the direction of the peripheral display unless it is binocularly fused and the central display is disparate. In Experiment 3 a stationary display of dots was superimposed on a moving display. It was found that OKN is not inhibited by the stationary display when it has a horizontal disparity and the moving display is fused. Experiment 4 found that horizontal OKN is disrupted by the sudden introduction of a vertical disparity in the stimulus. Since accommodative state was kept constant in the last three experiments, the data show that binocular disparities can help a person to stabilize selectively the image of one moving display while ignoring conflicting motion signals from another display. PMID- 3445471 TI - Effects of contrast and spatial frequency on vernier acuity. AB - We have examined vernier acuity using sinusoidal luminance gratings. Vernier thresholds were affected by both grating contrast and spatial frequency. With fixed (50%) contrast gratings, vernier thresholds reached minimum values of approximately 10 sec of arc at spatial frequencies between 6 and 16 c/deg. Vernier thresholds for all spatial frequencies are related to contrast by a power law with exponents of approximately -0.8. Thresholds approach half a grating period (180 deg phase shift) as grating contrast approaches detection thresholds. We discuss our results in relation to three models for vernier detection. Most of our data are consistent with the predictions of Wilson's [(1986) Vision Res. 26, 453-469] model. Detection of vernier off-sets at low spatial frequencies may depend on detection of the horizontal border formed between the two halves of the grating. PMID- 3445472 TI - Categorical color perception of Japanese observers: comparison with that of Americans. AB - Ten native Japanese observers named 424 colors of the OSA Uniform Color Scales set using monolexemic color terms of their choice. The results are compared with those from seven American subjects previously studied by Boynton and Olson. It is concluded, in full agreement with the original thesis of Berlin and Kay, that there are eleven basic color terms in each language, each of which describes a fundamental color sensation dependent upon an underlying physiology that does not differ between the two groups. PMID- 3445473 TI - Effects of field area and configuration on chromatic and border discriminations. AB - Visual discrimination was tested with juxtaposed fields that differed only in luminance, S cone excitation, or the ratio of L to M cone excitation. Observers were asked to make discriminations based upon a criterion of color difference or of the perception of a border between fields. The area of the fields was varied either by increasing the length of their common junction or by increasing their widths at constant junction length. For fields larger than 0.2-0.4 deg2, area controls sensitivity. For smaller fields, discrimination may be worse for narrow fields with long common junctions than for wide ones with small common junctions, especially for discriminations that depend upon S cones, in which the field components tend to become spatially integrated. Decreasing viewing time reduces the magnitude of this effect. S cone and L-M channel acuities were estimated at about 7 and 32 c/deg, respectively. PMID- 3445474 TI - Visual acuity of human infants at scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminances. AB - Visual acuity of 2-month-old infants and adults was measured between -2.6 and +2.7 log10 cd/m2 using standard psychophysical techniques. The acuity-vs luminance curve was similar for infants and adults: acuity improved with increasing luminance until 0.0 log cd/m2, and was constant above that luminance. However, the infant curve was slightly shallower than the adult curve, and infant acuity was over 3.5 octaves poorer than adult acuity at all luminances. The infant acuity-vs-luminance curve was compared with adult curves measured 21 degrees and 51 degrees from fixation, and at 21 degrees with +8, +/- 3.25 and 0.0 D of experimental refractive error. The results indicated that infants' poor acuity cannot be fully explained by: refractive error, foveal immaturity, scotopic detection of stimuli, functional similarity between infant vision and adult vision in the periphery, or by an overall reduction in visual sensitivity. PMID- 3445475 TI - Spatial visual acuity of the falcon, Falco berigora: a behavioural, optical and anatomical investigation. AB - In the brown falcon the relationship between acuity, as measured using a task designed to test minimum-separable acuity, and luminance was investigated as well as the possible determinants of that relationship. The maximum acuity was 73 c/deg and was found to be resistant to decreases in luminance. Maximum behavioural acuity corresponds closely with the maximum anatomical resolving power of the eye, though it is postulated that, in the first instance, acuity is optically constrained. The flat acuity-luminance function of the falcon results from adaptations which increase the optical sensitivity of the eye compared with the globose eye of strongly diurnal falconiformes. PMID- 3445476 TI - Visual latency of ganglion X- and Y-cells: a comparison with geniculate X- and Y cells. AB - Visual response latencies and rise times of X and Y ganglion cells recorded in the optic tract of anaesthetized, paralyzed cats were measured during repeated stimulation with sinusoidal gratings. These measures were compared with visual latencies and rise times of X- and Y-cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Measurements were restricted to individual trials on which the instantaneous discharge rate exceeded a criterion amplitude defined in terms of the statistics of the baseline activity of each cell in order to screen out false alarm responses. The onset and peak latencies of ganglion Y-cells are about 10-15 msec shorter than those of ganglion X-cells at low spatial frequencies (less than 0.25 c/deg) but about 10-20 msec longer at higher spatial frequencies (greater than 0.75 c/deg/). The onset latencies of geniculate X- and Y-cells lag their ganglion counterparts by 10-20 msec. Despite a delay in onsets of geniculate responses, the peak latencies of geniculate and ganglion X-cells are similar, and peak latencies of geniculate Y-cells are even shorter than those of their ganglion inputs. The short latencies of the peak responses of geniculate Y-cells are related to their short response rise times. A functional consequence of the bursty, but fast responses of geniculate Y-cells may be to accelerate the processing of lower spatial frequencies by the retino-geniculate Y-cell pathway. PMID- 3445477 TI - Light adaptation and responses to contrast flashes in cones of the walleye retina. AB - The effects of light adaptation on the intracellular responses of cones to incremental and decremental light flashes were investigated in the superfused walleye retina. The time course of light adaptation was relatively slow, some 10 20 min being required to reach steady-state conditions. Under steady-state conditions: (1) both dark-adapted and light-adapted amplitude/intensity data were well described by the Michaelis-Menten relation, (2) the incremental response did not saturate on intense backgrounds and (3) the cone sensitivity conformed closely to Weber's law. Effects of the polarity and magnitude of the flash contrast were analyzed by deriving "equivalent contrast" relations for cones and comparing the results to those of recent psychophysical experiments. Results based on the response amplitude suggest that responses to negative contrast flashes may be enhanced by post-receptor mechanisms. Results based on cone latency suggest that equivalent contrast relations for visual latency may be largely shaped in the very early, quasi-linear phase of the cone response. PMID- 3445478 TI - Displaced small amacrine cells in the retina of the marine teleost Callionymus lyra L. AB - The displaced small amacrine cells (DSA cells) in the dorsal pure cone part of the retina of the marine teleost Callionymus lyra have been analysed in a combined light and electron microcopical study. These unistratified cells have their dendritic arborization at 70% of the depth of the inner plexiform layer (P5 level). The DSA cells constitute a dense population and have variable dendritic field sizes. The bipolar input occurs in the P5,1 and the P5,2 pattern layer. The short, central DSA dendrites make ribbon synapses with midget mixed di-cone bipolar cells and with two types of pure cone bipolar cells. The amacrine input and output occurs in the fibrous layer that separates both pattern layers. The dendritic arborization is most extensive and the dendrites of neighbouring DSA cells are interconnected. The thick, central DSA dendrites are presynaptic to adjacent DSA cells and possibly to large bistratified and diffuse ganglion cells. The fine, peripheral DSA dendrites receive input from neighbouring DSA cells and probably from large uni- and bistratified and diffuse amacrine cells. A matching population of regularly placed small amacrine cells (RSA cells) has been observed. Their unistratified dendritic arborization is situated at 20% of the depth of the inner plexiform layer. The synaptic relations of RSA cells have not yet been completely analysed in detail. However, results up till now indicate that they most probably receive input from two bipolar cell types, one of which may be a pure cone type. In addition, the large bistratified amacrine and ganglion cells may be synaptically connected to the RSA cells as well as to the DSA cells. PMID- 3445479 TI - The distinction by light and electron microscopy of two types of cone containing colorless oil droplets in the retina of the turtle. AB - In turtle retina the spectral types of cones can be distinguished by the characteristic colors of their oil droplets. Blue cones until recently were thought to be identified by their colorless oil droplets. Now it has been shown that the cones containing colorless oil droplets can be subclassified into two types: one type in which the oil droplet fluoresces under ultraviolet stimulation and the other type in which it does not. We have attempted to recognize these two subclasses of cones with colorless oil droplets by the following anatomical techniques. (1) Light microscopy of fresh retina, (2) light microscopy of isolated cells in tissue culture and (3) light and electron microscopy of photoreceptors stained with horseradish peroxidase in whole-mount. The cone type with the colorless fluorescent oil droplet (FC cone) has an oil droplet size intermediate between those contained in the green single cones and the cone with the clear colorless oil droplet (CC cone); it typically has a short (15 microns long) oblique axon and it forms approximately 13% of the cones in the retina. The CC cone, on the other hand, is recognized by having the smallest oil droplet of all cone types which is nonfluorescent; it has a very long (30 microns long) oblique axon and forms 5% of the cones in the retina. We discuss the similarity of the FC cone morphology and distribution to blue cones in other vertebrate retinas. PMID- 3445480 TI - "Self-screening" of rhodopsin in rod outer segments. AB - Microspectrophotometry (MSP) shows rhodopsin highly concentrated (about 3.0 mmol/l) in rod outer segments (ROS). Calculation of the in vivo absorption spectrum of human rhodopsin from such data reveals a striking failure to agree with the action spectrum of human rod vision. Agreement is good between the spectral distribution of absorption coefficients and the action spectrum, but the "concentration-broadening" (or "self-screening") introduced by the high end on absorbance at this concentration results in a misfit among the largest in the 93 years comparisons of this kind have been made! To deal with this anomaly, it has been suggested that "concentration-broadening" is inappropriate for rhodopsin in rod vision. This proposal was tested by comparing rod action spectra of 15-day old and adult rats, since the lengths of ROS increase by a factor of about two in maturation. Three lines of evidence are inconsistent with it. Although the conundrum remains unexplained, it cannot be dismissed by supposing "self screening" inappropriate for night vision. PMID- 3445482 TI - Micro-electrode measurements and functional aspects of chloride activity in cyprinid fish retina: extracellular activity and intracellular activities of L- and C-type horizontal cells. AB - Extracellular Cl- activity and intracellular Cl- activities of luminosity and biphasic-chromaticity type horizontal cells were measured in freshly isolated, non-superfused roach retinae using double-barrelled Cl- -sensitive micro electrodes. The extracellular Cl- activity in dark-adapted retinae was found to have a surprisingly wide range (54-143 mM), although in a given preparation it was extremely constant. The mean intracellular Cl- activities of both types of horizontal cell were identical (47 mM), and this value was significantly greater than that required for "passive distribution" i.e. Cl- equilibrium potentials were 11-12 mV more positive than respective membrane resting potentials in the dark. In the presence of 10 microM dopamine, however, the difference between the Cl- equilibrium potential and the membrane resting potential was abolished, consistent with the hypothesis that dopamine increases Cl- conductance, presumably at the interplexiform cell synapse onto horizontal cells. In turn, it is suggested that a functional consequence of this pathway is to modulate the input impedances of the horizontal cells, and hence their sensitivity to light. PMID- 3445481 TI - A note on the action spectrum of human rod vision. AB - A template representing the spectral distribution of the absorption coefficients of human rhodopsin was fitted to each of 59 individual action spectra of human rod vision (from one of three populations) by an optimization routine. Curve fitting parameters included peak wavenumber, optical density at this wavenumber and (for those from the population neither aphakic nor constrained to ages where the standard lens transmissivity curve is supposed valid), density of the latter at the wavenumber of peak lens absorption. The average peak wavenumber of each population differed significantly from that of the other two. Either the standard curve of lens absorption (even with peak lens density as a curve-fitting parameter) is inappropriate for correcting the normal spectrum or the rhodopsins in the retinas of these populations do not all have identical wave-numbers of peak absorbance. PMID- 3445483 TI - Velocity perception and discrimination: relation to temporal mechanisms. AB - Measurements of three aspects of velocity detection are presented: the upper threshold of motion (UTM), perceived velocity and velocity discrimination. UTM (the highest velocity at which a drifting periodic pattern has the appearance of coherent motion) is reduced by adaptation to a similar drifting pattern of low but not medium or high velocity. The range of adaptation velocities over which the perceived velocity of a test pattern is reduced is quite different, the reduction being greatest at medium adaptation velocities. True velocity discrimination for gratings is possible only at low velocities; at higher velocities other cues (such as temporal frequency) are used. These findings are discussed in relation to current models of motion perception. PMID- 3445484 TI - Wavelength discrimination in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - Wavelength discrimination was measured with two individuals using a behavioral training technique. The delta lambda function has three minima, indicating best discrimination at 400, 510 and at 570 nm (S2) or 600 nm (S1). In the range between 450 and 510 nm the ability to discriminate wavelengths was absent. This can be explained by the filter effect of the colored oil droplets, as indicated by a model computation. Color mixture experiments revealed that the high discrimination ability at 400 nm is based on an ultraviolet sensitive photoreceptor which is the fourth cone type involved in turtles' color vision. Spectral sensitivity in the ultraviolet region (measured for one turtle) is maximal at 370-380 nm. PMID- 3445485 TI - Perspective vergence: oculomotor responses to line drawings. AB - When a perspective drawing is viewed monocularly, changes in fixation point are accompanied by changes in steady-state vergence; their direction is usually appropriate for the distance relationships implied in the illustration. The absolute magnitude of these responses varies appreciably among subjects; it can be consistently enhanced or reduced by modest changes in the drawing. Similar configurations of stimuli from three-dimensional objects would presumably also contribute to normal vergence movements during binocular viewing; it appears that their importance would increase with target distance. Corresponding changes in pupil diameter, as expected for the "near reflex", were not observed with perspective stimuli. Consistent, directionally appropriate vergence changes, paralleling perception, were also made by most subjects during monocular viewing of a Necker cube, but there, exceptionally large pupillary responses arose. PMID- 3445486 TI - Further evidence for a broadband, isotropic mechanism sensitive to high-velocity stimuli. AB - Spatial frequency and orientation selectively, the most prominent properties of image-processing in the striate cortex, are not uniform throughout the spatiotemporal frequency domain. Some current models include one "transient" mechanism at very high velocities (i.e. low spatial and high temporal frequencies), and multiple "sustained" mechanisms elsewhere in the spatiotemporal frequency domain, but they do not consider the parameter of orientation. On the basis of earlier, orthogonal masking experiments, we concluded that the high velocity mechanism is sensitive to a broad band of spatial frequencies, and has little or no orientation selectivity. In the present study we use pattern adaptation to measure the spatiotemporal properties of this mechanism. In other experiments, we attempt to relate it to the direction-selective motion detectors that also respond at high velocities. Finally we compare the pattern-adaptation results to the results of orthogonal subthreshold summation experiments in the same region of high temporal and low spatial frequencies. PMID- 3445487 TI - The refractive increments of bovine alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins. AB - The refractive increments have been determined for purified bovine alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins, using three different light sources. The values obtained were used to predict the refractive index gradient in the rat lens. Excellent agreement was obtained between the predicted and observed gradients. PMID- 3445488 TI - Effects of luminance on the visual acuity of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes and optically blurred normals. AB - Evidence is accumulating to suggest fundamental differences between strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. We explored differences in these amblyopes by assessing the effects of luminance on optotype acuity, using targets that ranged from photopic to low mesopic levels. Our results show that reducing luminance has less of a detrimental effect on the acuity of strabismic than anisometropic amblyopic eyes. Furthermore, the effect of decreasing luminance on the acuity of optically blurred normal eyes mimicked the effect we found for anisometropic amblyopic eyes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fundamental deficit in anisometropic amblyopia is impaired resolution while in strabismic amblyopia the fundamental deficit is impaired spatial directionalization. PMID- 3445489 TI - Smooth eye movements with step-ramp stimuli: the influence of attention and stimulus extent. AB - Subjects regarded targets which executed step-ramp motion in one of two conditions, either active (looking at the target) or passive (similar to the subject condition in passive or stare optokinetic nystagmus). The targets jumped 2 deg to one side and returned at a constant velocity. Targets were single round targets or extended targets with a high edge content. Many subjects showed substantial smooth eye movement responses in the passive condition, suggesting that a substantial component of initial smooth movement responses can occur independent of attention. Additional features of the smooth eye movement responses included (i) oculomotor "twitches" (brief, short-latency smooth eye movements in the step direction), (ii) overshoots (eye velocity greater than target velocity), and (iii) oscillations. Most of the response features can be accounted for by a model with a gain that is dependent on the subject's attentional level and on stimulus parameters. PMID- 3445490 TI - Yellowing of the human lens: nuclear and cortical contributions. AB - The geometry of the cortex and nucleus of excised human lenses was determined by photography and dissection. Samples of the cortex and nucleus were measured spectrophotometrically to allow determination of light loss through the whole lens and the light loss per unit pathlength. It was concluded that the reduction of short wavelength light transmission with increasing age is due to two processes; first, the nuclear pathlength remains constant but there is increased pigment deposition; second, the pigment concentration does not change in the cortex but the pathlength increases. PMID- 3445491 TI - Brightness of luminance distributions with gradual changes. AB - The perception of gradually changing luminance distributions was investigated. Luminance changed across the radius of a disk by a linear, quadratic, or cubic function with varying magnitudes. Subjects selected matching luminances for the inner and outer edges of each stimulus. The threshold for reporting that the inner and outer matches were different occurred at approximately 20% contrast between those regions. This threshold did not vary with the particular function which described the luminance distribution. Further, as the magnitude of luminance change across the stimulus increased, subjects judged the inner and outer edges to differ more in brightness. Matching luminances also depended upon the background configuration with greater differences perceived across the disk radius when the surround and center dot of the stimulus were of opposite, rather than the same, luminance. These results indicate that models of brightness must consider all luminance changes in the stimulus, not just changes of a particular type such as second differences or changes at a luminance step. PMID- 3445492 TI - Shared attentional control of smooth eye movement and perception. AB - Subjects performed a concurrent smooth pursuit and perceptual task to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements and perception share the same attentional mechanism. Subjects pursued a pair of eccentric rows of moving characters while simultaneously attempting to identify and locate the single numeral in these target rows and the single numeral in a pair of untracked background rows, which moved at a different velocity. Average smooth pursuit gain (eye velocity/target velocity) was 0.7 to 1. Visual search was better for target rows (approximately 65% correct) than for background rows (approximately 22% correct). Superior search performance for the target was not due to its lower retinal speed: performance on the target was 2-3 times better than on the background when retinal speeds were the same. Superior performance for the pursuit target suggests that smooth eye movements and perception share the same selective attentional mechanism. A shared attentional mechanism was further supported by findings that subjects could not: (1) maintain a stable line of sight on a central stationary point while simultaneously attending to moving rows; and (2) pursue one pair of rows and attend the other, untracked rows. Attempts to attend untracked rows did, however, produce a partial improvement in search performance which was accompanied by only a very slight change in eye velocity. This demonstrates that the effects of decisions about how to apportion attention across the visual field depend on the task. Despite the common selective attentional mechanism, smooth eye movements do not provide accurate external indicators of attention unless the consequences of attentional decisions for performance are determined separately for oculomotor and for perceptual tasks. PMID- 3445493 TI - What causes stereoscopic tilt from spatial frequency disparity. AB - A controversy still exists concerning whether the tilt created with interocular spatial frequency disparity arises from a computation of spatial frequency differences or from cumulative positional disparity. In a first experiment, we examined the influence of positional disparity on tilt created with frequency disparity, reasoning that if tilt were computed from spatial frequency differences, the perceived angle should remain unaltered since adding a positional disparity does not change the harmonic content of the stimulus. The results indicated that positional disparity weakened perceived tilt. In a second experiment, we tested the idea that tilt results from the calculation of increasing positional disparity across the display, arguing if local matches of features in the two eyes are made in computing tilt, then the solution to binocular correspondence may be less ambiguous if the same number of cycles was displayed for both spatial frequencies. Perceived tilt increased when the number of cycles was equal, although the angle of tilt still decreased with positional disparity. In Experiment 3, we further reduced potential sources of ambiguity for the binocular matching process by employing D10s (the tenth derivative of a Gaussian) instead of grating patterns. Positional disparity exerted essentially no influence on the perceived angle of tilt of the D10s. Taken together, the results of these experiments suggest that tilt from frequency disparity can be explained solely on the basis of positional disparity. PMID- 3445494 TI - The dependence of edge displacement thresholds on edge blur, contrast, and displacement distance. AB - Two experiments measured thresholds for discriminating the movement direction of an isolated intensity edge. The luminance profile of the edge took the form of an integrated Gaussian. In the first experiment, displacement thresholds were measured as a function of edge blur width and contrast. In the second experiment, contrast thresholds were measured as a function of edge blur width and displacement. Using the estimated retinal profile of the edge (given the LSF of the display and of the optics of the eye), the data were found to collapse onto a single function relating the maximum spatial luminance gradient defined by the edge to the maximum temporal change in luminance generated by its displacement. There was a direct relationship between the two gradients at threshold, so that lower spatial gradients were paired with smaller temporal changes. Implications for current models of motion detection are examined. PMID- 3445495 TI - Compensatory eye movements during active head rotation for near targets: effects of imagination, rapid head oscillation and vergence. AB - Because the center of natural head rotation lies some distance behind the centers of eye rotation, the VOR has to operate with a gain substantially above 1 for there to be stable fixation of targets lying near the head. In humans, VOR gain was increased inversely proportional to fixation distance and changed with the angle of the head for very near targets. These effects were also evident when the subject imagined the target. However, this "high-gain" VOR was found to deteriorate substantially at frequencies beyond ca 2.5 Hz. In conditions without visual feedback, the VOR gain enhancement due to near fixation was disrupted by monocular viewing. When the subjects wore lenses to relax or increase accommodation, the lenses were found to have no effect on VOR gain. On the other hand, prisms of equivalent power to the lenses had a large effect whereby gain was adjusted according to the vergence state of the eyes. This suggests that VOR gain modulation is under the direct control of convergence. PMID- 3445496 TI - The detection of deviation from straightness in lines. AB - A wide range of differently shaped perturbations were introduced into long thin straight lines, and threshold amplitude for their detection was measured. This amplitude threshold varies over a 20-fold range, depending on the shape of the cue, but can be economically expressed as just one numerical value, irrespective of the cue shape. This quantity is the area of the largest bump in the target around a least squares regression line axis, and its value is 0.3 arc min2. This value can be related to a fundamental spatial error of 3 arc sec (standard deviation) which is the limiting constraint on shape sensitivity. PMID- 3445497 TI - Effects of movement in the background field on long-range apparent motion. AB - Two experiments are reported using time-till-breakdown as a measure of apparent motion (AM) in untrained subjects. In Experiment 1 centrally viewed dynamic random dot stereograms and non-disparate stimuli in dynamic random dot fields yielded higher optimal frequencies than did a standard binocular condition. In Experiment 2 a higher optimal frequency was observed for disparate dynamic random dot stimuli compared with both standard binocular and non disparate stimuli presented on a static random dot field. Interaction between short- and long-range AM processes is considered in the interpretation of the findings. PMID- 3445498 TI - Detection threshold differences to crossed and uncrossed disparities. AB - Using a sample of 85 subjects measurements were made of minimum stimulus durations necessary for detection of crossed and uncrossed disparity stimuli which were presented in five positions in the visual field: centre, lower, upper, right, and left field. The results indicated large detection duration differences between the two disparity conditions, with a marked superiority for crossed disparity detection at all positions. A left-right visual field anisotropy was demonstrated for crossed disparity stimuli. PMID- 3445499 TI - [Self-assessment of blood pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension]. PMID- 3445500 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3445501 TI - [Pathology of acquired suppression of specific immunity (histologic study)]. PMID- 3445502 TI - [Hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in acute amitriptyline poisoning]. PMID- 3445503 TI - [Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma in adulthood]. PMID- 3445504 TI - [Treatment of the hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 3445505 TI - [The electrocardiogram in posterior myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3445506 TI - [The first patients with AIDS diagnosed in Belgrade]. PMID- 3445507 TI - [Temperature in subjects after measured physical work in nonpermeable protective clothing]. PMID- 3445508 TI - [Triple arthrodesis in the treatment of inveterate intra-articular calcaneus fractures]. PMID- 3445509 TI - [Functional patellar tendon-bearing plaster cast in the treatment of below-knee fractures]. PMID- 3445510 TI - [Endobronchial tuberculosis resembling a pseudotumor]. PMID- 3445511 TI - [Thought disorders in alcoholics]. PMID- 3445512 TI - [Study of the function of Vater's ampulla during biliary radiography through a T drain]. PMID- 3445513 TI - [Neurologic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3445514 TI - [Focal suicide]. PMID- 3445515 TI - [A clinical view of insomnia and its treatment]. PMID- 3445516 TI - [Porokeratosis superficialis disseminata eruptiva (Respighi). Use of PUVA]. PMID- 3445517 TI - [Principles of cost accounting in the production of radon concentrates]. PMID- 3445518 TI - [The phenomenon of variable reactivity of the thymus and bone marrow to the local action of decimetric waves]. PMID- 3445519 TI - [Effect of an electromagnetic field in the decimetric wave band on the impulse activity of interneurons in the spinal cord]. PMID- 3445520 TI - [Reaction of the vaso-muscular structures of the extremities to the action of magnetic fields]. PMID- 3445521 TI - [Effect of centrimetric wave therapy on local hemodynamics and the inflammatory process in parodontitis]. PMID- 3445522 TI - [Effect of Naftusya mineral water on lipid peroxidation in the blood serum and liver tissue of white rats]. PMID- 3445523 TI - [Treatment, with resin-free naphthalan of patients, with infertility of inflammatory origin, taking into account the functional state of the anterior pituitary]. PMID- 3445524 TI - [Dynamics of the clinico-morphological indices of psoriatic arthritis as affected by hydrogen sulfide baths and decimetric wave therapy]. PMID- 3445525 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of dry-air radon baths in the rehabilitation of patients with psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 3445526 TI - [Restoration and compensation of functional disorders in patients with injuries to the spine and spinal cord using exercise therapy]. PMID- 3445527 TI - [The principle of organic determinism in the general theory of physical therapy]. PMID- 3445528 TI - [Forms of occurrence of manganese in mineral waters of the Naftusya type]. PMID- 3445529 TI - [Sanatoria-preventoria of industrial enterprises in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3445530 TI - [Effect of combination therapy on central and regional hemodynamics in patients with cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 3445531 TI - [Treatment of spondylogenic reflex-muscular syndromes using local negative pressure]. PMID- 3445532 TI - [Organization of medical control and first aid at therapeutic swimming pools in sanatoria]. PMID- 3445533 TI - [Exercise therapy in the home]. PMID- 3445534 TI - [Hydrogen sulfide and forms of migration of sulfur in relation to the nomenclature of balneologic groups of sulfide waters]. PMID- 3445535 TI - [Effect of beta-mercaptoethylamine on tryptophan hydroxylase activity in rat tissues]. AB - The ability of amine-producing tissues (liver tissue, small intestine, mast cells) of rats to synthesize 5-hydroxytryptophan in response to irradiation and their involvement in creation of endogenous radioresistance was studied. Administration of a thiol radioprotector beta-mercaptoethylamine resulted in alteration of kinetic properties of tryptophane hydroxylase expressed as a decrease in the optimal concentration of the substrate; this decrease was more distinct in liver and small intestine as compared with mast cells. PMID- 3445536 TI - [The antioxidant system in noise-induced stress]. AB - Some patterns of the antioxidant system were altered in rat blood and tissues after treatment with noise of 90 dB. Phase alterations were found in content of SH- and SS-groups, in ascorbate-dependent redox balance as well as in activity of glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate- and lactate dehydrogenases. These data suggest that the antioxidant system is of importance in the adaptation reactions. Administration of antioxidant drugs (unitol, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) normalized the antioxidant drugs (unitol, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) normalized the antioxidant system patterns studied. These drugs could be used to enhance the nonspecific body resistance to noise stress. PMID- 3445537 TI - [Biodegradation of lipids in ultrastructures of the rat liver during autolysis]. AB - Dynamics of various lipids turnover was studied in ultrastructures of rat liver cells within various periods of autolysis in vitro. Under conditions of autolysis the lipid component in isolated liver cell ultrastructures was dissimilarly altered; the type of these alterations depended apparently on presence of corresponding acyl hydrolases, transacylases, lipoprotein lipases activated within various periods of autolysis. PMID- 3445538 TI - [Changes in the fraction composition of collagen from the aorta and left ventricle wall during electric stimulation of the reticular formation of the brain]. AB - Concentration of catecholamines, II-hydroxycorticosteroids, free and bound hydroxyproline in blood, free and total hydroxyproline, fractions of collagen were studied in left heart ventricular wall and aorta of rabbits after long term electrostimulation of the mesencephalon reticular system. Alterations of collagen metabolism in left heart ventricular wall and aorta caused by electrostimulation of reticular system occurred due to hypertension and to change in content of adrenal hormones in peripheral blood stream. PMID- 3445539 TI - [Effect of experimental dyslipoproteinemia of atherogenic nature on the lipid composition of the rabbit myocardium and peripheral blood leukocytes]. AB - Content of total lipids, phospholipids, total-, free- and ester-bound cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides were increased in myocardium of left ventricle of rabbits with atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia as compared with intact animals. In polymorphonuclear leukocytes content of total lipids and phospholipids was increased only, while in mononuclear leukocytes concentration of total lipids, free-, total- and ester-bound cholesterol and of free fatty acids was elevated. PMID- 3445540 TI - [Urinary excretion of polyamines in burn patients]. AB - Excretion of spermine, spermidine and putrescine with urine was studied in 38 patients (21-79 years old) with thermic burns of various degree. Certain differences were detected in excretion of the polyamines with urine depending on severity, step and outcome of the disease. In the course of the disease both low and extremely high level of the polyamines, found in urine during thermic shock, were unfavourable prognostically. PMID- 3445541 TI - [Effect of different inactivating agents on microsomal cytochromes P-450 and P 448]. AB - The properties of tert-butanol, sodium deoxycholate, guanidine and mersalyl to convert microsomal cytochromes P-450 and P-448 into enzymatically inactive form P 420 were studied under comparable conditions. Phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P 450 was especially sensitive to the influence of all the agents studied, while cytochrome P-450 from untreated animals was the least sensitive; the 3-methyl cholanthrene-induced cytochrome P-448 exhibited the least sensitivity to guanidine. The dynamics of changes in content of active and inactive hemoprotein forms after in vitro treatment with the suitable agent might serve as a criterion for estimation whether the phospholipid or protein component of microsomal membrane was damaged. PMID- 3445542 TI - [Effect of acute fatal blood loss on peroxidation of myocardial lipids during the postresuscitation period]. AB - Distinct increase in lipid peroxidation was found in myocardium of rats, subjected to acute hemorrhage followed by clinical death. Inhibition of the enzymatic system, protecting cells from free radicals influence, as well as a decrease of the bioantioxidants content in myocardium correlated with activation of lipid peroxidation. Content of lipid hydroperoxides, trienic carbonyls and Schiff bases achieved especially high level under unfavourable conditions of the postresuscitation period. PMID- 3445543 TI - [Elevated galactose transport into cells as the cause of development of hereditary galactosemia in rats]. AB - A strain of rats with symptoms of inherited galactosemia (cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, aminoaciduria etc) was produced by selection and inbreeding of Wistar rats highly susceptible to the galactosemic effect of galactose. The salient biochemical feature of these rats, like human galactosemics, is manifested as a decrease in the activity of galactose-I-phosphate uridyltransferase (Gal-I-PUT) in liver tissue and erythrocytes. However, the cross experiments have shown that the decrease in Gal-I-PUT activity was not required for expression of main galactosemia symptoms. Genetic analysis of cataract formation demonstrated that this trait was controlled by a single dominant gene. High transport rate of 14C-galactose into erythrocytes was a characteristic of galactosemic rats. Genetic analysis demonstrated that this trait was under the control of a single dominant gene, similar to the cataract formation. The intracellular accumulation of galactose ensured by its high transport, simultaneously with a decrease in Gal-I-PUT activity, were assumed to be the main reasons of galactosemic symptoms. The glucose transporter isolated from erythrocytes of the galactosemic rats, when integrated into the liposome membrane transferred more actively galactose into the liposomes than that of the control galactose resistant rats. PMID- 3445544 TI - [Hypolipidemic effect of the antivitamin B1 oxythiamine in diabetic mice (db/db)]. AB - A rate of lipogenesis from 1-14C-acetate and 2-14C-pyruvate as well as total cholesterol, diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde were increased in liver tissue of mice db/db strain with genetically determined diabetes, whereas content of free fatty acids was not distinctly altered despite of the marked elevation of corticosterone in blood plasma. Ratio of atherogenic lipoproteins VLDL and LDL was increased in blood plasma of these mice with diabetes. As oxythiamine, administered into the mice, exhibited hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, TDP dependent reactions appear to be among the factors responsible for deterioration of lipid metabolism in the diabetes. PMID- 3445545 TI - [Effect of retabolyl and oxymetacyl on protein metabolism in experimental burns in immature rats]. AB - Impairments of protein metabolism, expressed as predominance of catabolism over anabolism and hypoproteinemia, were observed in one month old rats with experimental burns of the IIIA-IIIB degree, when 20-25% of a body surface was impaired. After administration of steroid drugs (retabolyl at a dose of 1 mg/100 g of body mass or oxymetacyl--4-methyl-5-oxyuracil---at a dose of 5 mg/100 g of body mass) content of protein and urea normalized in blood serum, activity of cathepsin D decreased in tissues, the rate of 35S-methionine incorporation into tissue proteins increased. The pyrimidine derivative oxymetacyl exhibited higher effect on protein metabolism in burns of preadolescent rats as compared with retabolyl. PMID- 3445546 TI - [Effect of T-activin on enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics]. AB - Effect of T-activin on some xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and several immunity parametres in secondary immune deficiency (subacute and chronic benzene intoxication) were investigated. T-activin was shown to regulate the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme system. The compound decreased the enzymatic activity in subacute benzene intoxication, approaching their values up to the control level. In chronic benzene intoxications, which were accompanied by decrease in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes activity, except of glutathione-S-transferase, T activin stimulated these enzymes. At the same time, T-activin increased some immunological parameters in these models. Thymus-tropic peptides appear to be the bioregulators of some in vivo systems. PMID- 3445547 TI - [Effect of ethanol and the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole on the activity of antioxidative enzymes in the rat liver and heart]. AB - Tissue-specific effects of ethanol and aminotriazole were studied in rats. Simultaneous administration of both these drugs caused alcoholic cardiomyopathy in the animals, while liver tissue impairment was not detected. Effect of ethanol and aminotriazole on content of reduced glutathione as well as on activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the enzymes participating in the antioxidation system, were also studied in liver and heart tissues. After repeated simultaneous or separate administration of these drugs concentration of glutathione and glutathione-S transferase activity were elevated in liver tissue. Acute and repeated administration of a notriazole led to inactivation of catalase the same time, superoxide dismutase was inhibited in liver tissue as a result of the drug repeated administration. Activity of glucose phosphate dehydrogenase was increased in liver tissue of control rats, the diet of which contained isocaloric carbohydrates instead of ethanol. PMID- 3445548 TI - [Characteristics of barbiturate adsorption on activated charcoal]. AB - Equilibration patterns of barbiturates adsorption on activated charcoals were studied using aqueous solutions of barbital and sodium barbital and commercially available charcoals BAU, AR-3, AR-B, AR-A, SKT-6A. The rate of barbiturates adsorption was described as an additive function of concentrations of amide, ionized and non-ionized imidol forms calculated considering the reactions of dissociation and hydrolysis. Relatively low equilibrium concentrations of barbiturates in the solid phase and simultaneous sorption of the barbital anion as well as of its non-ionized form were related to the considerable rate of the substance ionization due to both tautomeric transformation and dissociation of the acid formed. The procedure for calculation of equilibrium described assumes that the rate of barbital and sodium barbital adsorption on activated charcoals of various brands might be estimated at various pH values of a solution, based on dissociation and hydrolysis reactions, which is of importance under conditions of the barbiturates enterosorption. PMID- 3445549 TI - [Effect of anti-ischemic protection on biochemical indices of the isolated perfused liver]. AB - alpha-Tocopherol and prednisolone exhibited the highest antiischemic activity, while lidocaine and sodium glutamate were less active after administration into isolated perfused rabbit liver tissue subjected to 60-min thermic ischemia. Chlorpromazine.HCl did not affect the biochemical patterns studied in isolated perfused liver tissue. PMID- 3445550 TI - [Characteristics of the protein isolated from a blood albumin fraction in normal states and in diabetes]. AB - Diabetogenic factor, isolated from blood plasma of rats with alloxan diabetes, was shown to be an acid albumin, which appears to contain a single polypeptide chain. The amino acid composition of the factor was similar to that of albumin from blood of healthy animals. At the same time, content of glutamic acid and glizine was higher in the diabetogenic factor as compared with the albumin of control rats. PMID- 3445551 TI - [Interaction of bilirubin, albumin and the synaptosomal membrane]. AB - Binding of bilirubin with particles of synaptosomal membrane (pH 7.2, 20 degrees) resulted in shifting of absorption maximum of bilirubin aqueous solution towards the long-wave region with maximal extinction at 460 nm and the plateau at 480-510 nm as well as in amplification of the pigment fluorescence at 530-540 nm (excitation at 430 nm). Two types of bilirubin binding sites were detected in synaptosomal membrane. At the sites of the first type content of bound bilirubin (calculated per membrane proteins) constituted 5 nmol/mg (Ka = 0.6.10(5) M-1). This value was 7 nmol/mg (Ka = 0.2.10(5) M-1) at the sites of the second type. Alterations in pH of a medium within ranges from pH 7.2 to pH 8.0 led to reverse transition of the bilirubin free form (pH 8.0) to the form bound with membrane particles (pH 7.2). On the molar ratio of 1:30 of human blood albumin and the bilirubin, bound with plasmatic membrane, shifting of pH within the ranges of pH 7.0-7.6 was followed by reverse binding of bilirubin with synaptosomal membranes (pH 7.2) or with albumin (pH 7.6). PMID- 3445552 TI - [Effect of cholesterol and bile acids on ubiquinone metabolism in the body]. AB - Rate of degradation and half-life of ubiquinone were studied in tissues of rats, maintained on standard and artificial diet, which included either cholesterol or bile acids. Metabolism of ubiquinone was distinctly accelerated in liver, kidney tissues and skeletal muscles and was decreased in small intestine of the animals kept on the artificial cholesterol-free diet. After addition of 2% cholesterol to the ration metabolism of ubiquinone was decreased in skeletal muscles and, especially, in liver tissue. When 0.2% bile acids were included into the ration. metabolism of ubiquinone was decreased more than 13-fold in liver tissue, whereas in small intestine it was accelerated and approached the values corresponding to those of control animals. PMID- 3445553 TI - [Mechanism of the qualitative modification of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity by pyrazidol]. AB - Inhibitory effect of pyrazidol (I) on serotonin-deaminating activity in mice brain mitochondria, which was accompanied by induction in this source of monoamine oxidase (MAO) of a property to oxidize histamine, was distinct from the effect of 3,3a-dehydroderivative of pyrazidol (II), which did not induced the histamine deaminating activity. Analysis of electron absorption spectra and polarographic studies demonstrated that inhibition of MAO by pyrazidol resulted in dehydration of the piperazine ring in the molecule of the drug as well as in possible formation of azomethine bond at the 2-3 position, exhibiting high oxidizing activity. At the same time, marked alterations in the substance II structure were not found in the course of inhibition of serotonin-deaminating activity in mitochondria. As pyrazidol did not exhibit pro-oxidant activity, its azomethine group appears to have a direct oxidating activity, which was not mediated via lipid peroxides. PMID- 3445554 TI - [Organization of day-care hospitals in the perestroika of the public health system]. PMID- 3445555 TI - [The role of serological examination of the excrement of predatory birds for the evaluation of the epizootic situation]. PMID- 3445556 TI - [Scintigraphy of the hepatobiliary system in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3445557 TI - [Use of alvesin and retabolyl in patients with stomach ulcer]. PMID- 3445558 TI - [Changes in the acid-producing function of the stomach after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 3445559 TI - [Effect of papaverine and cholinolytics on the function of the hepatobiliary system in patients with cholecystitis associated with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3445560 TI - [Rupture of the myocardium as a result of perforation of a peptic ulcer of a gastroenteroanastomosis]. PMID- 3445561 TI - [Diastolic function of the myocardium in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3445562 TI - [Plasma apoprotein B level in women with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3445563 TI - [Value of the isometric exercise test for hand muscles in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3445564 TI - [Immunologic indicators in patients with secondary arterial hypertension and a history of late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 3445565 TI - [Characteristics of blood circulation in pregnant women]. PMID- 3445566 TI - [Effectiveness of using therapeutic and rehabilitation complexes in recurrent bronchitis]. PMID- 3445567 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3445568 TI - [Primary disability caused by tuberculosis and cancer of the lungs]. PMID- 3445569 TI - [Sources of secretion of sex hormones in various forms of hypercorticism]. PMID- 3445570 TI - [Urinary hydrogen ion concentration as one of the pathogenetic factors of urinary calculi]. PMID- 3445571 TI - [Systems of medical diagnostic imaging]. PMID- 3445572 TI - [Innervation of skin wound regenerates at different periods of ontogenesis]. PMID- 3445573 TI - [Morphological comparisons of disorders in multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. PMID- 3445575 TI - [Legal criteria of irresponsibility in forensic psychiatric expert evaluation]. PMID- 3445574 TI - [Effect of antacids on the rate of gastric emptying in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3445576 TI - [Characteristics of premorbid structure of personality of patients with a history of alcoholic psychosis at an early age]. PMID- 3445577 TI - [Status of the reproductive system of female workers at an enzyme plant]. PMID- 3445578 TI - [Value of informative indicators for predicting noise-induced pathology in workers in metallurgical industry]. PMID- 3445579 TI - [Health status of workers performing precision operations in the manufacture of small-size relay devices]. PMID- 3445580 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders and their organic sequelae in bacterial shock]. PMID- 3445581 TI - [A method of evaluating functional insufficiency of the cardial sphincter]. PMID- 3445582 TI - [Effectiveness of annual booster inoculations against various influenza serotypes and the procedure for mass vaccination]. AB - The epidemiological observation during an outbreak of A (H3N2) influenza in February-March, 1983, showed that the third annual vaccination with killed influenza vaccine did not enhance the effectiveness of vaccinations in the populations under study. It was observed that 14 months after immunization, 55.9% of the subjects examined had antibody titres of 1:40 or higher to the A/Bangkok/1/79 strain antigenically related to the vaccine strain, and 41% of the subjects of this group had antibodies to the subsequent drift variant of influenza A (H3N2) virus. These values were significantly higher than those in the group of subjects given no influenza vaccine. It is suggested that after 2 years of vaccination with killed influenza vaccines with the maximum coverage of the entire population, vaccinations be given alternately to half of previously vaccinated subjects with a 2-year interval up to the emergence of a new shift variant of influenza A virus, when again vaccination of the entire population for two successive years will be required. PMID- 3445583 TI - [Genetic recombination between natural isolates of influenza virus serotypes H1N1 and H3N2]. AB - Oligonucleotide mapping of individual genes was used for search of possible genetic recombinants between natural isolates of influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses isolated in the USSR in 1977-1979. No antigenic hybrids and recombinants with the antigenic structure H3N2 were found, however, it was shown that isolates of H1N1 viruses of 1979 (the A/USSR/61/79 strain) might represent genetic recombinants carrying genes P1 + P2 from H3N2 viruses, the M-gene of the USSR/61/79 virus being closest in its structure to the analogous gene of the earliest isolate of H3N2 viruses, namely A/Hong Kong/1/68. Possible selective advantages of virus recombinants having M-genes from viruses of a different serotype are discussed. PMID- 3445584 TI - [Antiviral action of sodium selenite and its combination with remantadine]. AB - The combined effect of sodium selenite and remantadine on influenza A virus reproduction in vitro and in vivo is described. The effect of sodium selenite on influenza virus transcriptase was studied. Inoculation of remantadine in combination with nontoxic concentrations of sodium selenite was found to be a promising combination for inhibition of experimental influenza infection. PMID- 3445585 TI - [Effectiveness of live influenza vaccines obtained by strain recombination and passages]. AB - A comparative study of the immunizing activity of strain variants derived from one epidemic influenza virus A/USSR/77 (H1N1) by using different attenuation methods was carried out. Serial passages in chick embryos preserved the biological activity of the virus better than genetic recombination which was manifested by a significant superiority of the passaged virus over the reassortant in the capacity of replicating in the upper respiratory tracts of the vaccinees, of inducing immune responses and creating the protection of the portals of entry of infection. The problem of optimal preservation of biological potentials of influenza virus in the process of attenuation is discussed. PMID- 3445586 TI - [Action of tunicamycin on the infectivity and protein synthesis of the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - Tunicamycin added in concentrations of 0.5-1 microgram/ml into the maintenance medium with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) propagated in PEK cell culture inhibited incorporation of labeled carbohydrates into glycoprotein V3 as well as into virus-specific proteins NV41/2, NV3, p22, p18, p13, and p12 and to a lower degree into proteins NV5 and NV4 irrespective of the time of its addition (immediately or 17 hours after virus adsorption on the cells). In the presence of tunicamycin, incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the intracellular virus-specific proteins was inhibited, and proteins with altered electrophoretic mobility appeared. Tunicamycin in doses of 0.5-1 microgram/ml added to the infected cells immediately after virus adsorption reduced the production of extracellular virus by 2 lg PFU/ml and of intracellular virus by 1 lg PFU/ml, but exerted no inhibitory effect on virus production when added 17 hours after infection. The results indicate that protein V3 and probably all other intracellular virus-specific proteins of TBE virus exist in PEK cells in N glycosylated form, tunicamycin selectively inhibits the stage of glycosylation of virus-specific proteins, and glycosylation of proteins affects the infectious properties and virus release from the cell. PMID- 3445587 TI - [Electron microscopic study of a tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected cell culture exposed to tunicamycin]. AB - Ultrastructural features of tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected pig embryo cell culture treated with different concentrations of tunicamycin at various intervals after infection were studied electron microscopically. The inhibition of glycosylation did not prevent virion formation in the infected cells. At the same time, treatment with tunicamycin led to marked accumulation of virus particles in cisterns and vacuoles of the Golgi complex and to a decrease in the number of virions released into the extracellular space. It is assumed that inhibition of glycosylation leads to disorders in the regulation of the final stages of virus particles transportation and release from the infected cell. The results of the study indicate an important role of the Golgi complex in realization of the final stages of flavivirus morphogenesis. PMID- 3445588 TI - [Dependence of the synthesis of virion structures in the tick-borne encephalitis virus on the cell culture type]. AB - Variations in synthesis of antigenic structures are observed in tick-borne encephalitis virus replication in cell cultures of different origin. In a number of cell cultures: pig and Syrian hamster embryo kidney cells, as well as in Chinese striped hamster cells and Tasmanian rat kangaroo cells, virion antigens (VA) are synthesized which differ in the direction of movement in the electric field, namely, anode and cathode VA. In other cell cultures: green monkey kidney, barking deer kidney, and human fibroblasts, only cathode VA is synthesized. In chick embryo fibroblast cultures, in addition to the above-mentioned VA, considerable amounts of a VA which does not move in the electric field are synthesized. In all the cultures, a low molecular nonvirion antigen (NA) is actively produced, the virus-containing fluids of human fibroblast cultures and Chinese striped hamster kidney cell cultures contain lower amounts of high molecular NA, while rat kangaroo and green monkey kidney cell cultures have no high-molecular NA of tick-borne encephalitis virus. PMID- 3445589 TI - [Effectiveness of a combined live mumps-measles vaccine]. AB - The reactogenic and areactogenic properties of a live combined mumps-measles vaccine (MMV) prepared in primary cultures of Japanese quail embryo cells from attenuated strains of mumps (L-3) and measles (L-16) viruses were under study. The observations involved 648 infants varying in ages from 1 to 3 years, seronegative to measles and mumps viruses, without the history of the disease and vaccinations against these infections or contraindications to vaccinations. The infants were vaccinated with 5 batches of MMV with different portions of the mumps and measles components. The vaccinees and controls (placebo injections) were observed for 30 days postvaccination. The live MMV was shown to be a safe, well tolerated preparation with low reactogenicity and a high antigenic activity. PMID- 3445590 TI - [Dhori virus--a causative agent of human disease. 5 cases of laboratory infection]. AB - The materials presented in the paper are first indications of the pathogenicity of Dhori virus for man and prove the role of this agent in the occurrence of 5 cases of the disease in laboratory workers accidentally infected during the preparation of cultural agents. Clinically, Dhori infection was characterized by an acute course with marked general toxicity and a febrile period of 2 to 4 days. Two out of 5 patients had changes on the part of the nervous system of the type of encephalitic reaction predominantly with subcortical symptoms and mild involvement of the pyramidal system or in the form of encephalopolyradiculoneuritis with paresthesia and sensitivity disorders. PMID- 3445591 TI - [Development and basic properties of the viral preparation viroden]. AB - Laboratory studies demonstrated the effectiveness of viroden preparation in different doses against preimago stages of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. After treatment of larvae of instar 1 at preimago stages about 77% of the insects died. The preparation is stable on storage and resistant to unfavourable environmental factors: sun radiation, heating, pH variations, without significant loss of activity. The study of the host range of densonucleosis virus, the active principle of the viroden preparation, showed that it was not harmful for other animals. Large-scale trials of the preparation in different climatic zones are necessary for the elucidation of its effectiveness against naturally occurring mosquito species. PMID- 3445592 TI - [Amphoglucamine in the combined chemotherapy of viral diseases]. PMID- 3445593 TI - [Characteristics of a bank of the heteroploid kidney cell line 4647 from the green monkey]. PMID- 3445594 TI - [Enhancement of the sensitivity of the hemadsorption reaction by using the chemiluminescence of hemoglobin induced by hydrogen peroxide]. PMID- 3445595 TI - [Development of the AIDS pandemic]. PMID- 3445596 TI - [Correlation between viral hepatitis B and immunodeficiency]. PMID- 3445597 TI - [Changes in the left-ventricular systolic time interval in patients with acute myocardial infarction after administration of large doses of corticosteroids]. PMID- 3445598 TI - [Effect of aminophylline on blood pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 3445599 TI - [Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3445600 TI - [Course of labor and puerperium after commissurotomy]. PMID- 3445601 TI - [Urologic complications in patients after spinal fractures with injuries of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3445602 TI - [A case of shock after intrathecal injection of the iodine contrast medium dimer X]. PMID- 3445603 TI - [Water-electrolyte imbalance after ureterosigmoidostomy]. PMID- 3445604 TI - [Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy]. PMID- 3445605 TI - [2 cases of rubella complications]. PMID- 3445606 TI - [Neuroblastoma in an adult]. PMID- 3445607 TI - [A case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy in monozygotic twins]. PMID- 3445608 TI - [Value of transesophageal stimulation of the heart in the diagnosis of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in patients with covert accessory pathway]. PMID- 3445609 TI - [Toxic hematologic complications]. PMID- 3445610 TI - [Intestinal infections of Campylobacter jejuni etiology in infants in the first trimester of life]. PMID- 3445611 TI - [Vasomotor reactions in trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3445612 TI - [Usefulness of human hair in studies of the metabolism of trace metals]. PMID- 3445613 TI - [Congenital absence of the gallbladder complicated by duodeno-biliary fistulas]. PMID- 3445614 TI - [Myomatosis of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3445615 TI - [A case of simultaneous rupture of the spleen and kidney]. PMID- 3445616 TI - [Pain in the pubic symphysis in acute inflammation of the pudendal nerve]. PMID- 3445617 TI - [Acute ethylene glycol poisoning]. PMID- 3445618 TI - [Polyuria--the only symptom of postero-lateral herniation of intervertebral disks L5-S1]. PMID- 3445619 TI - [Effect of aminophylline on the occurrence of reciprocal tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 3445620 TI - [Man against himself]. PMID- 3445621 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in children with lipoid nephrosis]. PMID- 3445622 TI - [Botulism in the Lodz region 1980-1985]. PMID- 3445623 TI - [Pulmonary edema--a rare complication of the treatment with chlormethiazole]. PMID- 3445624 TI - [Elongated sigmoid loop in left-side inguinal hernia]. PMID- 3445625 TI - [Enterogastric intussusception after gastrectomy by the Hoffmeister-Finsterer method]. PMID- 3445626 TI - [Tumor of the liver in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3445627 TI - [Endometriosis and ureteral obstruction]. PMID- 3445628 TI - [Encephalitis in herpes zoster]. PMID- 3445629 TI - [Heterotopic retroperitoneal glioma]. PMID- 3445630 TI - [The role of psychological factors in the development of somatic disorders]. PMID- 3445631 TI - [The measurement of arterial blood pressure by physicians in the outpatient health service]. PMID- 3445632 TI - [Neuroglycopenia during treatment with chlorpropamide after administration of ampicillin: interaction or accident?]. PMID- 3445633 TI - [Value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and therapy of obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3445634 TI - [Valid nomenclature of bacteria and fungi]. PMID- 3445635 TI - [Acute liver failure--definition and causes of a symptom complex]. PMID- 3445636 TI - [Patient compliance in digoxin therapy]. PMID- 3445637 TI - [Current aspects of pediatric house calls]. PMID- 3445638 TI - [Effectiveness of hearing aid management]. PMID- 3445639 TI - [Use of didactic-methodologic planning in the continuing education of the specialist--exemplified by the specialty of surgery--1]. PMID- 3445640 TI - [Selected contributions to the history of pediatric endocrinology. 1: Thyroid gland research]. PMID- 3445641 TI - [Experimental and clinical experiences with bronchologic lasers]. AB - Bronchological application of lasers is based on differences of their biophysical effects, which were confirmed in experimental investigations. There were early reepithelizations and rapid healing after laser tracheotomy and lung resections without signs secondary stenoses by hypergranulation. Argon laser is of limited use in bronchology for HpD-coupled tumor fluorescence diagnostic. Nd-YAG-laser is the "classic" laser for palliative bronchial tumor therapy. Improvements of laser applications (laser thoracoscopy, perthoracic laser punction therapy) are new therapeutic laser methods. PMID- 3445642 TI - [Experiences with bronchoalveolar lavage in disseminated and other lung diseases]. AB - In 860 patients 980 bronchoalveolar lavages were performed. The repeated BAL allows conclusions of the effect of treatment and the prognosis of the disease. BAL is together with other clinical findings an important new method in pulmology. Its value in diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary diseases and other pulmonary diseases is described with special view to occupational expositions. PMID- 3445643 TI - Endobronchial surgery of trachea and bronchi. AB - Bronchoscopic operative interventions were performed in 57 patients. We used photocoagulation with neodym-YAG-Laser, electrosurgery with fibroscopic diathermic snare and mechanical removal of endobronchial neoplasms. The most effective method was the laser photocoagulation, which permits removal of benign tumors, carcinoids, massive cicatrical tracheal stenosis and noninvasive bronchial cancer, help in restoring the lumen of main airways in case of nonoperable malignant tumors. PMID- 3445644 TI - [Use of the laser in pediatric laryngology]. AB - In several diseases of the upper respiratory tract the use of CO2-laser is effective. Our experience with CO2-laser treatment in 14 children since 1984 is presented. In all cases we could avoid a surgical intervention. PMID- 3445645 TI - Different methods of performing diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in patients suffering from diffuse lung diseases. AB - Since 1978 transbronchial lung biopsy and diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage were performed through the fiberoptic bronchoscope under fluoroscopic guidance in 176 patients with roentgenological signs of diffuse lung disease. The bronchoscopies were carried out under local anaesthesia with the help of various kinds of fiberoptic bronchoscopes and under general anaesthesia with the help of rigid bronchoscopic equipment. The efficiency of different methods of bronchoalveolar lavage technique was evaluated. It is more convenient to use double canal bronchoscope BF-2T "Olympus". It was possible to determine the histopathological diagnosis with the help of bronchological investigation for 126 patients out of the total number (71.6%). The highest diagnostic rate was obtained where bronchoalveolar lavage was combined with the transbronchial lung biopsy. With the help of bronchoalveolar lavage it was possible to evaluate the degree and the character of alveolitis, which is usually found in most of the cases of diffuse lung diseases, and to evaluate the efficiency of drug therapy of alveolitis in every concrete case. PMID- 3445646 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites by stimulated alveolar macrophages]. AB - Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) (O2-, H2O2, 1O2, .OH, OX-) which are produced by stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils and eosinophils, play an important role in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic lung diseases. With regard to a therapeutic application the influence of the antioxidants ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and alpha-tocopheryl acetate (Vitamin E acetate) on the production of ROM by AM was investigated. The AM were isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with different lung disorders. The ROM were determined by means of chemiluminescence-measuring. alpha-Tocopheryl acetate solved in peanut oil causes a little increase of the yeast cell wall-induced chemiluminescence. Pure alpha-Tocopheryl acetate has no effect on the chemiluminescence. In contrast to alpha-Tocopheryl acetate the addition Vitamin C to the stimulated AM results in a strong diminution of the chemiluminescence signal. This result suggests that Vitamin C reduces the generation of ROM by AM. Therefore Vitamin C could be a suitable scavenger of radicals and oxidants in different lung diseases. PMID- 3445647 TI - [Electron microscopy studies of alveolar macrophages in some lung diseases]. AB - Results of electron microscopic examinations of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage in healthy nonsmokers, smokers and in patients with proteinosis, hard metal coniosis and sarcoidosis are reviewed. Authors have carried out the staining of the acid phosphatase and peroxydase enzymes as well. Ultrastructural alterations in the different cases were very characteristic, but the cytochemical results in the macrophages from sarcoidosis are not pathognomonic. PMID- 3445648 TI - [Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in assessing the activity of sarcoidosis]. AB - BAL was performed in different courses of sarcoidosis in order to evaluate the importance of this examination. We found a higher degree of lymphocytosis in Lofgren's syndrome and in relapses than in the others. Probably there is a direct connection between high intensity alveolitis and reduction of diffusing capacity. There could not be found any correlation to other markers of activity (lung function, SACE, 67-Gallium-Scan). PMID- 3445649 TI - [Correlation of pathologic laboratory values in patients with cardiovascular diseases--consequences for diagnosis in general practice]. AB - Coincident pathological parameters were selected from 24 laboratory-diagnostic parameters of a second stage of diagnostics after x-rays screening concerning heart and vessel diseases tested by a check representative constellation in the shape of relative frequency was determined. For the parameters cholesterol, uric acid and glucose, belonging to the metabolic syndrome, it was possible to demonstrate relations to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The transaminases ASAT and ALAT especially showed correlations of pathological values among one another. There were found out one-sided relations for instance concerning the proportion of transaminases, thymol turbidity test as well as creatinine to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The connections as has been proved appeared in female cardiac patients in a more distinct way. The results, which were interpreted in the context of a further mathematic-statistical analysis, allow the conclusions for an efficient indicational application of clinical chemical research methods in chronic heart and vessel diseases in practice. PMID- 3445650 TI - [Development of a test for the objective classification of types of circadian phase]. AB - The authors deal with the question of interindividual differences in the circadian periodicity of man and with the possibility of the classification of circadian phase types resulting from this (morning type, evening type, indifference type). For this purpose on 26 test persons on 3 consecutive days at 9 o'clock and at 17 o'clock, respectively, 11 different vegetatively influenced parameters were measured. The quotients from the averaged 9 o'clock and 17 o'clock-values (Q 9/17) formed the basis for the statistical evaluation (cluster analysis in combination with a discriminance analysis). The result of the discrimination was compared with a subjective subdivision of our test group, based on a questionnaire newly developed by the authors, and yielded a portion of error of 4%. Issuing from this, the authors demonstrate an objective investigation method which shall allow to classify any patients simply, quickly and with high reliability into morning, evening and indifference types, respectively. PMID- 3445651 TI - [Status of physical therapy in the treatment strategy of internal diseases]. AB - The use of physiotherapy as traditionally successful form of therapy is not in the least satisfying in practice. The reasons for this are explained. Issuing from a general assessment of the therapy in the system medical care, principal aspects for an interdisciplinary therapy are demonstrated. Essential for a scientifically proved use of physiotherapy is the differentiation between general and specific aspects in the pathologic process made in the general nosology. The effects of the physiotherapy are shown and its significance as basis therapy is emphasized. Apart from the knowledge of the individual physiotherapeutic remedies, the use of the physiotherapy has as its prerequisite a valuation of the pathogenetic factors and actual additional conditions. Corresponding to the therapeutic aim, the physiotherapy should be conceived either as monotherapy or as a long-term, frequently multi-dimensional therapeutic programme. Essential errors in practice are the technically insufficient and inconsequent use of the treatment capacities. With the help of the recommendations for the use of the physiotherapy in the essential hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis ways are indicated how the potencies of the specialty are to be realised better than hitherto done in chronic diseases. PMID- 3445652 TI - [Therapy of diarrhea in diabetic enteropathy with clonidine]. AB - The syndrome of neuropathy belongs to the frequent complications of diabetes. Within a visceral neuropathy a diabetic enteropathy may appear, in which cases diarrhoeas and incontinence stand to the fore. The therapy of the symptoms and signs is often difficult. It is reported on the influence by means of the antihypertensive drug clonidin (Haemiton). In 4 out of 9 patients a regression of the frequency of motion from on an average 8 to 2 a day took place. 2 other patients examined reported on an improvement. Also the nocturnal incontinence could positively be influenced. The antidiarrhoeic effect of clonidin is perhaps based on a direct stimulation of alpha 2-receptors. PMID- 3445653 TI - [Protoporphyrinemia and iron metabolism in hemodialysis patients]. AB - In 24 patients undergoing haemodialysis, two of them with pseudoporphyria, the total erythrocytic protoporphyrin and in four patients separately the zinc protoporphyrin were investigated. 20 patients showed an increase of the erythrocytic protoporphyrin of low to moderate degree, which only partly is to be ascribed to the zinc protoporphyrin. Since, as a rule, there is no iron deficit in haemodialysis, a secondary damage of the ferrochelatase, which physiologically by administration of iron leads to haem (ferroprotoporphyrin), is assumed as cause of the increase of erythrocytic protoporphyrin. Apart from the toxic lesion in particular a deficiency of the ferrochelatase coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate can be taken into consideration. Diagnostic and therapeutic investigations carrying on are proposed. The erythrocytic protoporphyrin does not only contribute to the pseudoporphyria in haemodialysis. PMID- 3445654 TI - [Simultaneous registration of pancreatic secretion profiles in endoscopic secretion sampling in patients with and without pancreatic diseases]. AB - A method for the continuous detection of secretory profiles of human pure pancreatic juice is described. After retrograde cannulation of the D. pancreaticus the exocrine pancreas was stimulated by an intravenous infusion of secretin and a bolus injection of pancreozymin additionally. The absorbance of pancreatic juice at 280 nm was measured continuously using an Uvicord-UV Photometer which was connected directly with a Teflon catheter localised in the main pancreatic duct. The secretory profiles obtained from patients without pancreatic diseases (n = 12) indicated a first maximum of absorbance after secretin infusion and a second one in response to pancreozymin bolus injection. Alterations of secretory profiles in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 10) were evident after pancreozymin administration principally. PMID- 3445655 TI - [Initial experiences with standardized diagnosis and therapy of cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - In a prospective (uncontrolled) study on 60 patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency the possibility of a standardized diagnostics and therapy under the conditions of a peripheral medical care hospital are tested. Issuing from national and international publications as well as from own experiences a unique approach in the medical clinic of the County Hospital of Stralsund was tried. For the documentation a data form was developed. In the centre of the diagnostics stood clinical examination, ophthalmological examination, lumbar puncture and cerebral angiography, in the centre of the therapy haemodilution and physiotherapy. The average lethality was 47%, the proportion of the patients younger than 60 years 25%. 82% of the patients suffered from ischaemic insults. Under the conditions mentioned the approach demonstrated is a possible way with satisfying results. PMID- 3445656 TI - [Differential modifiability of a usual and unusual type of atrial flutter by high frequency atrial stimulation]. AB - By means of highly frequent transoesophageal (left-atrial) atrial stimulation 69 patients with atrial flutter of type I (negative flutter waves in the leads II, III and aVF) and 35 patients with atrial flutter type II (positive flutter waves in the corresponding leads from the extremities) were treated and the results were compared with the results of right-atrial highly frequent stimulation (15 patients with type I atrial flutter, 6 patients with type II atrial flutter). In these cases the atrial flutter of type I nearly without any exception could be influenced by transoesophageal as well as by right-atrial stimulation (transfer into sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter of type II). The rate of success of the right-atrial as well as of the transoesophageal (left-atrial) stimulation was clearly lower in the atrial flutter of type II than in the atrial flutter of type I, in which cases are to be discussed as causes the slightly higher frequency of atrial flutter in type II, a smaller reentry circle, a higher rate of mechanisms of focal tachycardia and - in one part of the patients - an origin of tachycardia in the left atrium. PMID- 3445657 TI - [Variation in nocturnal blood pressure behavior in stage III (WHO) hypertension- a case report]. AB - In some cases of hypertensive men the authors obtained 24-hour blood pressure profiles by easy non-invasive technique (Mercury manometer) and under the usual atmosphere and activities of a hospital. The control Group, 32 normotensive men, showed a normal circadian blood pressure variability with systolic acrophases at 10.00 h and 16.00 h and a bathyphase around 3.00 h. The diastolic blood pressure had a smaller variability. One patient with essential hypertension stage II (WHO), case 1, kept the normal day-night rhythm. By case 2, a man with essential hypertension stage III (WHO), the authors refer to the possibility of considerable differences of blood pressure behaviour during the night in cases of severe hypertension in contrary to normal blood pressure variability. After a supplementary fourth medication this patient showed a significant decrease of blood pressure during the night. Nevertheless he kept his acrophase at night. The recording of day-night profiles of blood pressure seems to be useful in relation to the judgement of classification of severity, of the mode of anti-hypertensive medication and of the success in therapy. PMID- 3445658 TI - [IgA nephropathy]. AB - Among the chronic glomerulonephritides the IgA-nephropathy is one of the most frequent forms. On account of the possibility of the transition into the terminal renal insufficiency new ways for the therapeutic influence on this disease must be found. In the hitherto used therapy methods above all corticosteroids, cytostatic drugs, inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation and antiphlogistic drugs were applied. According to the recent investigations from the application of eicosapentaenic acid and the use of plasmapheresis possibilities result to favourably influence the course of the disease and thus to prevent a progression of this disease. By the administration of diphenylhydantoin the IgA-level could, indeed, be lowered, but an influence on the course of the disease could not be proved. PMID- 3445659 TI - [Development and effectiveness of struma prevention in East Germany]. AB - For the control of iodine deficiency disorders in man and animal since 1985/1986 measures have been introduced which were interdisciplinary attuned: 84% of the paketed salt are iodized (32 mg KIO3/kg) and iodized mixtures of mineral substances are used in the animal production of agricultural useful animals. The effectiveness of the iodine prevention becomes visible by an increase of the renal iodine excretion, regression of the frequency of connatal goitre and iodine deficiency disorders in the animal production. Increased manifestations of cases of hyperthyroidism as sequelae are of transient importance. PMID- 3445660 TI - [The ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa of the rat during ontogenesis]. PMID- 3445661 TI - [Islands and septa of a uterine placenta preparation from the 3d lunar month]. PMID- 3445662 TI - [Cytochemical studies of catalase activity in the peroxisomes of human hepatocytes]. PMID- 3445663 TI - Electron microscopic localization of acid phosphatase in the injured dental pulp. PMID- 3445664 TI - Morphology of the house rat (Rattus rattus) ovary during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 3445665 TI - Light microscopic, biomorphotic studies into intramural coronary arteries of the pygmy goat under special consideration of the tunica intima. PMID- 3445666 TI - Quantitative-histological studies into the ventricular and papillary small vessels of the pygmy goat. PMID- 3445667 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on the morphogenesis of the lingual gustatory papillae of camel (Camel dromedarius). I. Morphogenesis of the fungiform papillae. PMID- 3445668 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of the morphogenesis of the lingual lentiform and coniform papillae in camel (Camel dromedarius). PMID- 3445669 TI - The ultrastructure of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. PMID- 3445670 TI - Innervation of microvessels of the pancreas. An electron microscopic study. PMID- 3445671 TI - [Anthropometry of the average person]. PMID- 3445672 TI - Genetic and environmental factors affecting immunoglobulin levels in Iran. PMID- 3445673 TI - Refinements of two methods for the histomorphometric determination of age in human bone. PMID- 3445674 TI - [Graphic detection of morphologic skeletal structures by photographs]. PMID- 3445675 TI - Riss age human remain, recovered from pleistocene deposits in Ponte Mammolo (Rome Italy). PMID- 3445676 TI - Age changes in weight, body fat and fat free mass among the adult Scheduled caste females of Punjab. PMID- 3445677 TI - Genetic studies among the Siddis of Karnataka, India: a migrant population from Africa. PMID- 3445678 TI - [The Great October Revolution and the protection of the public health (on the 70th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution)]. PMID- 3445679 TI - [Brief results and the tasks of research on environmental hygiene in light of the decisions of the 27th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 3445680 TI - [Results and outlook of research in the field of physicochemical biology and biotechnology performed by the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 3445681 TI - [The development of virology in the USSR]. PMID- 3445682 TI - [Outlook for research development in endocrinology]. PMID- 3445683 TI - [The current status and perestroika of medical science in light of the fulfillment of the decisions of the January (1987) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU]. PMID- 3445684 TI - [Results and developmental outlook of research in the fields of phthisiology and pulmonology]. PMID- 3445685 TI - [The developmental outlook for research in gerontology]. PMID- 3445686 TI - [Research results and outlook in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 3445687 TI - [Pharmacodynamic effects of peripheral vasodilators]. PMID- 3445688 TI - [Joint session of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and Ministry of Health of the Kirghiz SSR on the problem of "Acute and chronic circulatory insufficiency: prophylaxis and modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment". 21-23 May 1986, Frunze]. PMID- 3445689 TI - [Modelling of acute heart failure: electrode monitoring of myocardial metabolism and the implantation of an artificial heart ventricle]. PMID- 3445690 TI - [A current approach to treating chronic heart failure]. PMID- 3445691 TI - [Diagnosis of preclinical and the treatment of pronounced acute heart failure in myocardial infarct by using lower body negative pressure]. PMID- 3445692 TI - [Prionic and viral nature of slow infections]. PMID- 3445693 TI - [Intervention on the innervation apparatus of the internal organs for correction of their functions]. PMID- 3445694 TI - [Research findings and prospects for medical applications of the nerve growth factor]. PMID- 3445695 TI - [Singlet oxygen and phototherapy of cancer]. PMID- 3445696 TI - [Relation between the cardiac index and the functional state of the right heart ventricle in cardiosurgical patients in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3445697 TI - [Left ventricular function and intracardiac blood flow in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3445698 TI - [Assessment of the feasibility of using the time of NMR spin-lattice relaxation in blood serum for the diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 3445699 TI - [Psychological research on the attitude toward cancer patients]. PMID- 3445700 TI - [Effect of the magnetic field on an effective module of vessel wall elasticity]. PMID- 3445701 TI - [Comparative characterization of the hemodynamic effects of inhalation and noninhalation methods of anesthesia in chest operations]. PMID- 3445702 TI - [Role of the renin-angiotensin system and prolactin in dopamine-induced secretion of aldosterone]. PMID- 3445703 TI - [Monitoring of parameters of central hemodynamics, and novel approaches to the management of acute cardiac failure in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 3445704 TI - Biochemical and morphological studies on production and regression of experimental liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide in Uje: WIST rats. PMID- 3445705 TI - [Drainage of the thoracic duct in the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in starvation]. PMID- 3445706 TI - [Feeders for mice for the determination of dry food intake]. PMID- 3445707 TI - [Use of the chimney test in adult rats--short report]. PMID- 3445708 TI - [Histologic studies of the temporomandibular joint of the "mini-Lewe" minipig]. PMID- 3445709 TI - [Development of swimming behavior in the microphthalmos mouse--short report]. PMID- 3445710 TI - Biochemical variability in substrains of inbred rats--short communication. PMID- 3445711 TI - Mortality and incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in BDII/Han rats. PMID- 3445712 TI - [Polycystic kidney disease in infant mice]. PMID- 3445713 TI - [Cholesterol ester storage disease and sea-blue histiocytes]. AB - A case of cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) was found by liver biopsy in a 5-year-old boy. Hepatosplenomegaly, varying elevations of serum transaminases and hyperlipoproteinemia, type IIb, were detected clinically. The liver tissue was yellow. The cytoplasm of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was foamy. In frozen sections these cells stained with dyes and histochemical methods for neutral lipids, unsaturated lipids, and cholesterol, but not with dyes for phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans. Under polarized light a large quantity of birefringent storage material was visible. We determined the lipid composition histochromatographically and found a very substantial increase in cholesteryl ester content and a moderate increase in triglycerides compared to control liver tissue. These findings are in agreement with our former case of CESD (1979). But in contrast to the liver tissue of the first patient there was more pronounced hepatic periportal and intralobular fibrosis in the second case. Remarkable amounts of ceroid storing histiocytes, so called "sea-blue histiocytes" were visible within the fibrous tissue. The granules of these cells stained with dyes for neutral lipids, phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans, and sea-blue with Giemsa in both frozen sections and paraffin-embedded liver tissue. They showed a yellow autofluorescence and were partly birefringent. Ceroid is believed to be the product of lipid peroxidation, binding to protein and polymerization. Therefore we suggest an additional deficiency of tissue antioxidants at the storage sites in such cases of CESD and this may potentiate liver fibrosis. PMID- 3445714 TI - [Changes in the mast cell content of the lamina propria mucosa of the small intestine in enteral-induced growth disorders in childhood]. AB - Duodenal jejeunal biopsy material from children with growth retardation due to enteric disease was investigated. The disease dependent mucosa types were classified into three groups according to Shmerling (1970). Mucosa types and established histological alterations can be correlated. Toluidine blue staining sections were analyzed morphometrically by light microscopy to study changes in the mucosal mast cells. The mast cell content in specimens with subtotal villal atrophy (type III) was reduced significantly compared to normal mucosa (type I). PMID- 3445715 TI - Comparative investigations of the reoccluded distal anastomosis, the spontaneous atherosclerotic plaque and the normal intima of the human femoral artery. AB - The reocclusion of the distal anastomosis in grafts of the femoral artery frequently occurs, but there is no exact information about its character. A comparative study of such reocclusions, including the nature of the spontaneous atherosclerotic plaque and of the normal intima of the human femoral artery has been performed by light-microscopic, immunomorphological and biochemical methods. Local thickening in the region of the distal anastomosis was found to resemble the atherosclerotic plaque in structure, location of several components of the extracellular matrix and in the cellular composition. These facts allow the conclusion, that progressive atherosclerosis is the cause of the reocclusion of the distal anastomosis. PMID- 3445716 TI - [Stromal tumor of the testis with Leydig cell components. Light and electron microscopy analysis and fluorescence microscopy demonstration of F-actin]. AB - A testicular gonadal stromal tumor with Leydig cells and mesenchymal cells resembling to Sertoli cells is presented. At the ultrastructural level most of the tumor cells could only be classified as endocrine differentiated cells. Because of their uncharacteristic organelles no Sertoli cells could be demonstrated by means of electron microscopy. The labelling of fibrillary actin underlines the cellular heterogeneity and the different cellular functional state of the tumor cells. These findings are interpreted as an evidence of a multidirectional differentiation potential of the gonadal stroma mesenchyme. These observations support the classification of these neoplasia as gonadal stromal tumors particularly in light of the clearly visible differentiation. Problems of evaluating the malignant potential of gonadal stromal tumors are also discussed. PMID- 3445717 TI - Lipid composition of the mycelial and spore forms of Trichophyton verrucosum. AB - Neutral lipid composition and that of phospholipids of mycelial and spore forms of Trichophyton verrucosum were examined. It was found that arthrospores had more than twice as high content of lipids (99.3 mg/g) than the corresponding mycelial form (44.7 mg/g). Differences were also found in the qualitative composition: almost two times more neutral lipids (58.5 mg/g) and three times more phospholipids (40.8 mg/g) occurred in the spores than in the mycelial form 30.6 and 14.1 mg/g, respectively). Analysis of the neutral lipid fraction composition of both examined forms of T. verrucosum showed that the basic component were triglycerides, constituting about 70% in the spores and 44% in the mycelium of all the lipids. In the case of phospholipids no significant differences were observed between the spore and mycelial forms, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were predominating in both forms. A much higher content of lipids in the infectious form of the fungus, the arthrospores, suggest a possibility of participation of this fraction in the pathogenicity of the fungus. PMID- 3445718 TI - [Cometabolic degradation of the herbicide nitrofen by mixed bacterial cultures]. AB - The herbicide nitrofen undergoes microbial degradation by mixed bacterial populations isolated from arable soil, and with a supply of acetate, within 4 to 5 weeks. The degradation proceeds endogenously after an ATP-dependent uptake of the agent followed by a temporary accumulation. This cometabolic degradation, however, shows two peculiarities, (a) the occurrence of a lag-phase and (b) the possible use of endogenous storage products. In the case of application of glucose as a substratum for growth the degradation is blocked in consequence of a catabolic enzyme reprisal. If there are used more complex organic substrates, i.e. peptone and algal biomass, respectively, the degradation is retarded compared with acetate. PMID- 3445719 TI - [The transcallosal approach--surgical technics]. AB - The transcallosal access as a surgical route to the supratentorial ventricular system is discussed. The experience gained in 31 microneurosurgical interventions with this access is dealt with. This route in particular permits an assessment of the local operability. Among the 25 histologically confirmed tumours of this region 19 belonged to the neuroepithelial tumours. Because of the peculiarities of this tumour type the final results are unsatisfactory in spite of the microsurgical procedure and the utilisation of an optimum access. PMID- 3445720 TI - The comprehensive management of brain neoplasms in children. AB - The author presents the theoretical basis and the complex treatment of brain neoplasms performed in 26 cases in the Paediatric Institute of the Medical Academy in Poznan (Poland) and compares the results with a control group of 13 children exclusively surgically treated. The cathamnestic analysis (till 4 years), using the Karnowsky Rating Scale for evaluation of the results, has shown the superiority of the complex treatment in children, hence the percentage of deaths is four times lower and the favourable clinical course two times more frequent in this group. PMID- 3445721 TI - [Instrumentation for hollow screw osteosynthesis of basal dens axis fractures]. AB - The trend in the treatment of odontoid bone fractures is characterized by progressive application of operative methods. Special instruments for the fixation of odontoid bone was developed. Due to the ventral extraoral approach odontoid bone is possible to fix temporary with two rigid Kirschner wires by these hollow screws drilled from the ventral lower edge of the second vertebral body through the fracture in the odontoid bone. By using this method the operative procedure is much more safety as well as the x-ray exposure of the patient and of the operating team is reduced. PMID- 3445722 TI - Chronic subdural hematomas (clinical analysis). AB - In this study 43 diagnosed and operated chronic subdural hematomas events analysed clinically in the Neurosurgical Department of Ataturk University Erzurum, Turkey. 60.4% of the patients were found to be under 60 years of age. The most frequent findings were pathological reflexes, and hemiparesis at the rates of 58.1% and 50.4% respectively. All of operations were performed using the burr-hole craniostomy and closed system drainage technique. PMID- 3445723 TI - The limits of surgical management of traumatic coma. AB - It appears, on the whole, that the better results we are now able to attain in the treatment of traumatic coma are unrelated to a real improvement in surgical possibilities. The role of surgery seems, conversely, to be more limited than in previous times. Surgical intervention still keeps strictly mandatory whenever intracranial hypertension is related to extracranial effusions while, in brain contusion/lacerations, it is warranted only in selected cases. PMID- 3445724 TI - [The intrathecal infusion test in the study of craniospinal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. A new assessment procedure]. AB - A new mathematical method is presented for calculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters. Intrathecal lumbal infusion test with constant flow technique was used. Resistance to CSF outflow R(p) and compliance C(p) are computed by continuous comparing the change of pressure response dp/dt during infusion and- dp/dt after infusion. Using of this method, it is not necessary to determine the pressure plateau at the steady-state between artificial volume loading and the rate of CSF outflow. With that we were able to minimize the physical load on the patient. The expressiveness of investigation is increased by printing graphs of pressure-dependent resistance CSF outflow and compliance. PMID- 3445725 TI - Laminectomy or laminotomy? AB - After laminectomy in infants and children vertebral deformities often develop. To prevent these the author applied the reanchoring of the dissected arches and ligaments (laminotomy) with success in four children. The details of the procedure and the reanchoring of the vertebral arches are described. This treatment modality should be favourized instead of the destructive laminectomy in this age group in the majority of cases. PMID- 3445726 TI - [Adenylate cyclase of the causative agent of plague: its purification and properties]. AB - Three forms of adenylate cyclase have been detected in Y. pestis: membrane-bound, cytoplasmic and extracellular. Extracellular adenylate cyclase has been purified so as to achieve a homogeneous state, and some of its physicochemical parameters have been investigated. In the process of purification the initial preparation of this enzyme has been subjected to heating at 100 degrees C for 15 minutes, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The homogeneity of adenylate cyclase has been confirmed by electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel and precipitation by the plague agglutinating serum. The enzyme has been found to have a molecular weight of 30,000 daltons and to show the optimum activity at pH 7.0-7.2 and at a temperature between 37 and 40 degrees C. Monospecific rabbit serum to the homogeneous preparation of adenylate cyclase has been obtained. PMID- 3445727 TI - [Comparative study of the binding of human blood plasma fibronectin with clinical strains of staphylococci]. AB - The interaction of 62 S. aureus clinical strains and, respectively, 20 and 17 isolated S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus strains with human blood plasma fibronectin (FN) has been studied. The specific interaction of FN with bacteria has been evaluated simultaneously by the binding of 125I with FN (method 1), the FN-mediated agglutination of staphylococci (method 2) and the character of colonies formed in 0.15% agar medium containing FN (method 3). The data obtained in this investigation indicated that all S. aureus strains under study react with FN to a different extent. When evaluating the binding of FN with bacteria, the most pronounced correlation was observed between methods 1 and 3. None of the methods used in this investigation has revealed interaction between FN and S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus strains under study. The authors suggest that a preliminary inference on the capacity of the isolated clinical strains of staphylococci for reaction with FN may be made from the character of colonies formed in 0.15% agar medium containing FN. PMID- 3445728 TI - [Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification]. AB - Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117. PMID- 3445729 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis in the Maritime Territory]. AB - Clinico-epidemiological analysis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence rate in the Primorski Territory for 25 years has revealed the prevalence of focal forms of this infection (on the average, 50%) and its high mortality rate (on the average, 33% for the focal forms and 6.4% for the meningeal form). Such course and termination of this infection depend not only on the reactive capacity of the patient's body, but, to a great extent, on the virulence of TBE virus circulating in the area under study. PMID- 3445730 TI - [Epidemiology of herpes zoster. The herpes zoster patient as a source of infection with chickenpox]. AB - The authors analyse the inpatient findings accumulated from 2,179 observations on herpes zoster cases for 10 years. The clinico-epidemiological characterization of herpes zoster patients as the potential source of chickenpox infection is presented. The clinical data speak for the droplet transfer of the agent (varicella zoster virus) in this infection, which has permitted the formulation of exact practical recommendations of quarantine and isolation measures in the focus of herpes zoster. PMID- 3445731 TI - [Characteristics of the immune response of children in the Arctic to live measles vaccine]. AB - The intensity of immune response to live measles vaccine varies in children living in different climatic and geographical regions. The least intensive immunogenesis is registered in children living in the Arctic regions. The level of seroconversion in children living in these regions rises in response to measles vaccine containing a 10-fold amount of the virus per immunization dose. PMID- 3445732 TI - [Effect of the species origin of erythrocytes and of the methods for their subsequent handling on their electrophoretic mobility in producing diagnostic agents]. AB - Changes in electrophoretic motility correlate with the effect produced by different reagents used in the production of erythrocyte reagents. This characteristic may be one of the criteria for the evaluation of the quality of erythrocytes in the development of diagnosticums. PMID- 3445733 TI - [Use of erythrocyte diagnostic agents in the universal system of serological reactions]. AB - A method of parallel serologic studies of the material for the detection of specific antigen or antibodies is proposed. This method is not inferior to the known systems of serologic tests (passive hemagglutination-antigen neutralization tests, passive hemagglutination--antibody neutralization tests, etc) in sensitivity and economy, but exceeds all of them in informative value. The method has been tested both experimentally and in the epizootic study of plague infection used as a model. A serologic tests with the use of erythrocyte diagnosticums are based on a universal principle, this method may be used for other infections. PMID- 3445734 TI - [Molecular composition of the fractions of immunoglobulin preparations studied by gel filtration]. AB - The method of gel filtration in columns permitted the separation of aggregated fractions into polymers whose content did not exceed 10% and dimers, their content ranging from 3.6% to 22.11%. The preparations were also found to contain fractions of monomers and fragments, Fab-fragments being detected in 10 out of 20 batches under study (4.04-27.36%). The shelf life of all preparations did not exceed 8-12 months. The use of spectrophotometric techniques ensured obtaining the most objective results in the calculation of the percentage of fractions contained in immunoglobulin preparations. The evaluation of the molecular composition of immunoglobulin preparations by the method of gel filtration is conducive to the improvement of their quality. PMID- 3445735 TI - [Epidemiological investigation of the first case of AIDS detected in a citizen of the USSR]. AB - The penetration and spread of infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus has been detected in the USSR. The infection was brought by a homosexual who got infected in East Africa in 1982. In the USSR he infected 5 out of his 22 sexual partners who, in their turn, transferred the infection to 3 women in heterosexual intercourse. One of these women gave birth to a seropositive child. As the result of blood transfusion from a donor infected via a homosexual contact, 5 blood recipients got infected. PMID- 3445736 TI - [Interaction of Leptospira with the host's body in the infectious process in guinea pigs]. AB - In experiments on guinea pigs the pathogenicity of leptospires is manifested by their adhesion to liver cells, colonization of the surface of these cells, accumulation of leptospires in the renal interstice and their colonization of the nephrothelial surface of proximal convoluted tubules in the kidneys, by toxic microcirculatory disturbances, dystrophy and necrosis of nephrothelial cells. Then the primary toxic action of circulating leptospires, microcirculatory disturbances and hemorrhagic syndrome augment during the colonization of the surface of liver cells, accompanied by their dystrophy and dissociation, as well as by jaundice. The accumulation of leptospires in the renal interstice and their subsequent multiplication on the nephrothelium of the proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for the development of interstitial nephritis and necrotic nephrosis. The persistence of lesions in the liver and kidneys, occurring in some cases in spite of elimination of the infective agent from these organs due to increasing antibody production suggests the toxic action of immune complexes. PMID- 3445737 TI - [Specific pattern of a shear rate-whole blood viscosity curve in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and hereditary spherocytosis: an indicator of erythrocyte deformability]. PMID- 3445738 TI - [A case of a Japanese family with Hb San Diego [beta 109(G11)Val----Met]-beta zero thalassemia]. PMID- 3445739 TI - [Secondary colony forming capabilities of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors in human bone marrow]. PMID- 3445740 TI - [Ultracytochemical studies of acid phosphatase in lymphoid leukemic cells]. PMID- 3445742 TI - [Proceedings of the Blood Coagulation Society. 1986]. PMID- 3445741 TI - [A case of essential thrombocythemia with abnormal karyotype: presence of identical karyotypic abnormalities in BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Meg derived colonies]. PMID- 3445743 TI - [Proceedings of meetings of the Tohoku Hematological Society]. PMID- 3445744 TI - Cleavage lines of the skin in equine fetuses. PMID- 3445745 TI - [Anatomical studies of a case of ectopic testis in a cadaver of advanced age]. PMID- 3445746 TI - [Development of the subclavian artery in the chick, studied by the injection method]. PMID- 3445747 TI - Early ultrastructural changes in the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c and DDY mice immunized with swine serum. AB - Electron microscopic observations were carried out on the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c and DDY mice which had received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of swine serum twice a week for 2 or 4 weeks. The most characteristic feature of the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c mice was a marked increase in the number of vesicles having a close spatial relationship with the well developed Golgi apparatus or rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). In contrast, marked dilation of rER filled with moderately electron-dense material was conspicuous in the biliary epithelial cells of DDY mice. A prominent increase in the number of blebs and lateral and basal cytoplasmic protrusions in the dilated intercellular space of the biliary epithelium, and submucosal eosinophil infiltration, collagen fiber proliferation and gland hyperplasia with increased mucin secretion were common to both strains. This experimental model of bile duct disease also seems to be useful for investigating alteration of protein synthesis and secretion in epithelial cells. PMID- 3445748 TI - Histopathological investigation of DMF-induced hepatotoxicity. AB - N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) has been implicated in the production of hepatotoxicity in male and female F344 rats. Repeated administration of dosages of 0.75 and 1.0 ml/kg DMF for up to 12 weeks produced massive liver necrosis associated with decreased body weight gain. Macroscopically, areas of necrotic change were well pronounced in every hepatic lobe, being yellowish-red in coloration, irregular in shape, and varying in size, but were most striking immediately adjacent to the porta hepatis. Among the lobes, those which were relatively small were most markedly affected, and occasionally an entire lobe was involved. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the hepatic architecture to be occupied by massive fibrosis. There were, however, sharp lines of demarcation between surviving normal and necrotic areas. Hemosiderosis involving macrophages was accompanied by proliferative bile ductules and a number of multinucleated giant cells. The distribution and quality of the hepatic lesions produced by DMF were discussed. PMID- 3445749 TI - Early changes in cerebral aneurysms in the internal carotid artery/posterior communicating artery junction. AB - In order to obtain information about preaneurysmal changes, the junction of the internal carotid artery/posterior communicating artery (ICA/PComA) in the circles of Willis in subjects with aneurysms at sites other than the junction, and in control subjects without aneurysms, were studied by light microscopy. Small evaginations and thinnings of the media with and without dilatation were observed at the apical areas of the forks with a significantly higher incidence in the aneurysm series than in the control, suggesting some predisposing factor in subjects with aneurysms. As well as funnel-shaped dilatations previously described as the only type of ICA/PComA preaneurysmal change, other more localized types were observed. All the small evaginations and about half of the thinnings and dilatations were observed at the apex in association with a medial gap, but the other half occurred at some distance from the apex. The thinned arterial wall showed degenerative changes of the elastic lamina and media. Intimal pads were observed at the apex, the ICA/PComA lateral angle and the ICA stem/branch curve. Their combination with preaneurysmal changes was more frequent in the aneurysm series in comparison with the control. Degenerative changes of the elastic lamina and media caused by hemodynamic stress due to branching structures including intimal pads are thus presumed to be the initial lesions existing prior to aneurysm formation. PMID- 3445750 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R)-like immunoreactivity associated with the basolateral surface of gastric parietal cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), in addition to its effects on cell growth, has a suppressive effect on gastric hydrochloride secretion. We recently demonstrated EGF-receptor (EGF-R)-like immunoreactivity on human gastric parietal cells by light microscopy. To reveal further the localization of this reaction an immuno electron microscopical study was performed. 528IgG, an anti-EGF-R murine monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal anti-EGF antibody were employed for immunostaining using the avidin-biotin method. Positive reaction against 528IgG was shown mostly on the outer membrane of parietal cells, except in the apical portion. No reaction was observed on most of the intracytoplasmic membranes including intracellular canaliculi, endoplasmic reticulum and other membranous components. In the basillar portion, the 528IgG-positive parietal cell membrane formed labyrinthine interdigitations. No reaction against anti-EGF was demonstrated in any of the gastric mucosal cells, although a reaction was clearly shown on salivary gland cells. These findings suggest a blood-mediated direct action of EGF on parietal cells. PMID- 3445751 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in hepatitis B virus carriers. AB - Two autopsy cases of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with liver cirrhosis are presented. Both patients were hepatitis B (HB) virus carriers and suffered from type B cirrhosis during the clinical course. The first patient was a 52-year old male with type B cirrhosis. He died of hepatic encephalopathy but did not have any specific symptoms for PH except abnormal laboratory findings. Chest roentgenograms displayed prominence of the central pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterization indicated marked increment of pulmonary arterial pressure. Autopsy revealed dilatation and sclerosis of the main pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. Microscopically, the pulmonary arteries showed intimal fibrosis, medial hypertrophy, and plexiform lesions throughout the lungs. The second patient, a 15-year-old boy, had PH with juvenile liver cirrhosis which had existed for 8 years prior to the onset of PH. He complained of severe dyspnea and dizziness before death. Electrocardiogram indicated right ventricular hypertrophy. Autopsy disclosed cardiomegaly, type B cirrhosis and sclerotic pulmonary arteries. Grade VI pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy including plexiform lesions and necrotizing arteritis was observed. HBsAg was detected in both the hepatocytes and the pulmonary arterial walls. We discuss the possible relationship between persistent HB viral infection and PH with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3445752 TI - A light and scanning electron microscopic study of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. AB - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, which was observed in a patient with hepatic coma, was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and correlated with its histology. Postmortem examination disclosed microscopic occlusion of the centrilobular and sublobular veins in the liver. These veins were occluded, partially or completely, by intimal and medial thickening of their walls due to proliferation of collagen and reticulin fibers. In addition to venous obliteration, which had not been demonstrated by other techniques, frequent occlusion of the sinusoidal opening into the central veins was observed by SEM. The size and distribution of the openings were irregular in comparison with those in normal controls. There was no evidence of fibrin thrombus formation in the veins. This case exemplified the usefulness of the application of SEM to autopsy material. PMID- 3445753 TI - Nonspecific simple eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis with eosinophilia in peripheral blood. A case report. AB - Nonspecific simple eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis is extremely rare and in the present paper, the first case showing eosinophilia in the peripheral blood is reported. The patient was a 55-year-old Japanese man who was admitted because of difficulty in urination over a period of several years. The laboratory findings revealed marked eosinophilia (36%) in the peripheral blood, but the patient's past history showed neither bronchial asthma nor any allergic tendency. Transurethral resection of the prostate was performed and the histopathologic findings revealed a picture of non-caseating granulomatous prostatitis with massive eosinophilic infiltration without fibrinoid necrosis or vasculitis. Fragments of the prostatic urethra also showed the same findings. No fungus, bacterium or parasite was found. Although remnants of smooth muscle fibers were noted in the granulomas, neither immunoglobulins nor complement components could be demonstrated, and the etiology remained undetermined. PMID- 3445754 TI - [Effect of sophocarpine and other alkaloids from Sophora alopeculoides L. on monoamine metabolism, dopamine and 5-HT receptors]. PMID- 3445755 TI - [Protection by fructus Schizandrae against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice]. PMID- 3445756 TI - [Synthesis of 2-amino isoflavones]. PMID- 3445757 TI - [Synthesis of N-(2-mercaptobenzoyl)-N-(alkyl/aryl)-glycines and corresponding disulfides]. PMID- 3445758 TI - [A new total synthesis of chuangxinmycin and the study of its stereoisomers]. PMID- 3445759 TI - [Isolation and identification of homoisoflavanones from maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb) Ker-Gawl)]. PMID- 3445760 TI - [Studies on new minor saponins isolated from leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer]. PMID- 3445761 TI - [Separation and identification of impurities in Chinese norgestrel]. PMID- 3445762 TI - [The synthesis and separation of optically pure hydroxy ethers]. PMID- 3445763 TI - [The isolation and structure of argutone--a new bacteriostatic constituent of Incarvillea arguta]. PMID- 3445764 TI - [Studies on simultaneous determination of components in compound drugs with multi standard addition spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3445765 TI - [Preparation of a tetraphenyl borate-based membrane electrode and its use in chemical analysis of drug compounds]. PMID- 3445766 TI - [Preparation of acetylsalicylic acid microcapsules. I. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 3445767 TI - [Preparation of acetylsalicylic acid microcapsules. II. Study of operational parameters]. PMID- 3445768 TI - Studies on symphytum species--HPLC determination of allantoin. PMID- 3445769 TI - [Effect on capillary permeability of some natural and half-synthetic flavonoids in mice]. PMID- 3445770 TI - [A mathematical description of ligand-receptor interaction and computer identification of its parameters]. PMID- 3445771 TI - Effect of alpha, beta-methylene ATP on the potentiation of contractions to field stimulation of the rat vas deferens by eledoisin. PMID- 3445772 TI - [Effects of acetylgastrodin on vertebral and internal carotid artery blood flow in anesthetized dogs and rabbits]. PMID- 3445773 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of tetrandrine in conscious rats]. PMID- 3445774 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effects of methylflavonolamine hydrochloride]. PMID- 3445775 TI - [Effects of ascorbic acid on hemodynamics in anesthetized open-chest dogs and rabbits]. PMID- 3445776 TI - [Effects of dimethyltrilobine iodide on electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig papillary muscles and hemodynamics in dogs]. PMID- 3445777 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic action of l-tetrahydropalmatine]. PMID- 3445778 TI - [Vasodilating action of methylhesperidin]. PMID- 3445779 TI - [Thin layer chromatographic fluorometry of artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin]. PMID- 3445780 TI - [Effect of praziquantel on Schistosoma japonicum cercariae]. PMID- 3445781 TI - [Establishment of human lung adenocarcinoma model in nude mice and sensitivity of the transplanted tumor to antitumor drugs]. PMID- 3445782 TI - [Effects of four antitumor agents on DNA circular dichroism]. PMID- 3445783 TI - [Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat liver by hexachloro-p-xylene]. PMID- 3445784 TI - [Tissue distribution and excretion of 170thulium in rats]. PMID- 3445785 TI - Chronic neutropenias. PMID- 3445786 TI - [The effect of dynamic circulatory disorders on the development of partial respiratory insufficiency in chronic nonspecific obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3445787 TI - [Apoprotein B in the blood of chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 3445788 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in infantile osteopetrosis]. PMID- 3445789 TI - Effect of biguanide derivatives (phenformin) on carbohydrate tolerance in "borderline" and asymptomatic ("chemical") diabetes. Results of a 5-year prospective study. PMID- 3445790 TI - Serum ribonuclease activity in dialyzed patients with terminal renal failure. PMID- 3445791 TI - NBT test and serum lysozyme activity during remission of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3445792 TI - Bactericidal activity of blood platelets: its determination and normal values. PMID- 3445793 TI - Studies on mitotic activity in course of adrenal cortex regeneration after enucleation. PMID- 3445794 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone on the mitotic activity of regenerating adrenal cortex. PMID- 3445795 TI - Comparison of the effects of lateral and ventro-posterior hypothalamic damage on the predatory behavior of cats. AB - Two groups of seven cats estimated preoperatively as good mice-killers were subjected to the damage of either the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or the ventro posterior hypothalamus (VPH). The LH damage produced global impairment of the predatory behavior, such as interest in, catching, killing, or consuming the mouse, whereas VPH damage left intact most components of the predatory act, except for mouse consumption. Changes in food preference, i.e. the choice between mice and meat, were found in both groups of cats. Instead of the preoperative preference of mouse over meat, postoperative preference of meat was found in both groups. Postoperative restoration of the predatory behavior, observed in both groups, proceeded faster in the VPH cats than in the LH cats, for which the impairment lasted for several months. PMID- 3445796 TI - Analysis of the time course of GM1 ganglioside effect on changes in choline acetyltransferase activity in partially denervated rat hippocampus. AB - The effect of chronic GMl ganglioside administration (30 mg/kg, daily) for 6, 21, 42 and 90 days on the activity of choline acetyltransferase was investigated in the hippocampus of rats with partial electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampal afferents and in unoperated rats. No influence of GM1 administration on ChAT activity was noted in unoperated animals. The lesions caused denervation in the hippocampus, which occurred with varying intensity along its dorsoventral axis, as shown by the gradual pattern of decrease in ChAT activity. GM1 counteracted the decline in enzyme activity, however the intensity of this influence diminished with the time after surgery. A positive correlation between the GM1 effectiveness and the degree of denervation at early postsurgical stages (6, 21 days) was found, which may be ascribed to the appearance of neuronotrophic factors at this period, proportional to the severity of damage. We suggest that the decline of the GM1 effectiveness is due to a decrease in trophic activity, and/or the development of spontaneous recovery PMID- 3445797 TI - Differential response of hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptors to various deafferentations of the hippocampus in the rat. AB - The influence of bilateral electrolytic lesions of different parts of the septum on muscarinic receptor binding in the hippocampus was studied within 14-21 days after operation. The effect of total septal lesion upon receptor binding was also investigated separately in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and in five consecutive hippocampal parts along the septotemporal axis of the structure. The data indicate that: (i) differential response of muscarinic receptors, as revealed by a decrease, increase or lack of changes in the [3H]QNB binding depends on the site and extent of the lesion, (ii) lack of changes in muscarinic receptor binding can be spurious when the investigation is performed on the whole hippocampus, and masked by regional response differences, (iii) differential response of [3H]QNB binding sites in distinct parts of the hippocampus to total septal lesion may depend on the preexisting differences in the density of cholinergic innervation and of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3445798 TI - Long-term release of copper from two multiload IUD models: MLCu250 and MLCu375. AB - Decrease of mean copper content was assessed for two commercial types of Multiload IUD with different copper loads. Mean daily loss of copper amounted to about 18 mcg and 30 mcg for MLCu250 and MLCu375 devices, respectively. On the basis of these estimates, we conclude that both these IUD models can be considered long-lasting interceptive agents. PMID- 3445799 TI - Comparison of two copper IUDs: the MLCu375 and the Nova-T. AB - A comparative randomized trial was carried out on two intrauterine contraceptive devices: the Nova-T and the MLCu375. The IUDs were used by 1116 and 1237 women respectively, over a period of 2 years. The reasons for IUD removal were analyzed after one and two years using the life-table method. Statistically significant differences were found in the rates for pregnancy, expulsion and removal for bleeding and/or pain favoring the MLCu375 IUD. PMID- 3445800 TI - Interim 4-year results of a comparative study between the Nova T and the Multiload 250. AB - Eight-hundred patients recruited between September 1981 and December 1984 were admitted to a randomized prospective trial of the Nova T (NTCu200Ag) and Multiload 250 (MLCu250) IUDs. At the cut off date, 31 December 1986, 206 patients had completed the 4-year trial period, 379 had terminated before completion and 215 were in the fourth year of use. For the third and fourth years, the MLCu250 had a significantly lower accidental pregnancy rate (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3445801 TI - Parity and the effectiveness of the Today contraceptive sponge. AB - A comparative study of the Today sponge and diaphragm conducted in the United States found a significantly higher pregnancy rate for parous compared with nulliparous sponge users. The results of other studies of the sponge failed to confirm this finding. Studies of other vaginal contraceptive methods conducted in the United States also have reported a higher pregnancy rate for parous users. None of these studies have evaluated adequately motivational and other factors that affect contraceptive choice and use. We conclude that the higher pregnancy rate among parous sponge users is unrelated to the sponge per se, and most likely reflects motivational factors related to future childbearing intentions. PMID- 3445802 TI - Use and misuse of oral contraceptives by adolescents attending a free-standing clinic. AB - A total of 216 adolescents attending a free-standing clinic completed a questionnaire on oral contraceptive use. Over 80% knew the brand name of their pill and took it correctly from cycle to cycle. About a third had missed at least one pill in the previous three months. Those who took their pills irregularly were more likely to miss them. In the event of missing a pill only 25% would use additional contraceptive measures such as condoms. Over half thought that not menstruating was harmful. The pill-taking pattern in this group of adolescents does not appear to differ significantly from that in adults. Oral contraceptive packs containing 28 tablets (including placebos) appear to produce fewer cycle-to cycle problems than packs containing 21 active tablets. PMID- 3445803 TI - Quality of ADRs. PMID- 3445804 TI - [Lateralization profile from a 10-year longitudinal study of preschool and school children]. PMID- 3445805 TI - [The right-left problem in childhood. Relevance and consequences for participating in street traffic]. PMID- 3445806 TI - [Significance of age at school admittance and sex for school success in the primary school age]. PMID- 3445808 TI - [Problems in vocational guidance of neurotic adolescents]. PMID- 3445807 TI - [Longitudinal studies of the physical development of infants and young children. 2. Head circumference]. PMID- 3445809 TI - Facial mimics and the coronal brow lift. AB - The classic rhytidectomy leaves the upper third of the face without improvement. Yet the eye-eyebrow region is the most influential in determining facial expressions. There is only a narrow range of positions of the eyebrows in which they are perceived as attractive. The influence of the coronal browlift on facial mimics is discussed as it seems to be a way to predictably reposition the eyebrows and improve crow's feet and forehead, and glabellar wrinkles at the same time. The results of 56 patients surveyed 1-3 years postoperatively are presented. PMID- 3445810 TI - Dissection of the medial crura as a standard procedure in rhinoplasty: case studies. AB - In the systematic approach to rhinoplasty, the author routinely uses an intercartilaginous columellar incision for dissection and reconstruction of the nasal tip, especially to facilitate separation of the tip cartilages from other tissues in the lower third of the nose. This technique has been used by the author for more than ten years and its advantages are demonstrated. PMID- 3445811 TI - Diazepam and fentanyl as adjuncts to local anesthesia. AB - A method is presented for supplementing local anesthesia with intravenous diazepam and fentanyl. Ease of administration and high patient acceptance in over 1500 cases is discussed. PMID- 3445812 TI - A new methodology in abdominal aesthetic surgery. AB - This article presents a personal methodology for the surgical planning of abdominoplasties with the goal of obtaining the best aesthetic result with the minimum of scars. With a thorough physical examination, the abdomens are classified into different groups and surgery is planned accordingly. The authors use liposuction in association with dermolipectomy and introduce a new approach to treating supraumbilical muscle diastases. The results obtained have been good, with a smooth recovery and better scars. PMID- 3445813 TI - Electroepilation using insulated needles. AB - We have practiced electroepilation using insulated needles on approximately 500 patients over a five-year period using electroepilation equipment that produced a thermolysis (high frequency) current. Our patients were given three to eight treatments at two-week to three-month intervals. The results for 73 patients, observed six months to three years after their last epilation, showed little or no hair regrowth and no scarring. We attribute our success to concomitant factors: We were able to destroy the hair papilla using a long-duration, high frequency current while protecting the skin surface from scarring by using an insulated needle. PMID- 3445814 TI - Aesthetic camouflage of bilateral cleft lip scars. AB - Two operative scar lines remain after bilateral cleft lip repair. A method has been devised in which the two scar lines are reduced into one. The characteristics of this method include (1) an inconspicuous scar, (2) elevation of the nasal tip using the prolabium, (3) repair of the whistling deformity, (4) a natural-looking mustache, (5) formation of a pout, and (6) psychological benefits. Good results have been obtained with this method. The disadvantage of this method is the maxillary retardation. However, this does not occur in adults and can be corrected easily in children. PMID- 3445815 TI - Antiprostatic effect of cimetidine in rats. AB - Administration of large doses of cimetidine for 45 days to rats decreases the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles without affecting the testicles. The decrease in weight is due to a marked regression in the prostate of both epithelial and stromal tissue. Treatment with cimetidine also causes an increase in the plasma testosterone level without modifying the plasma values of LH and prolactin. The mechanism of action of cimetidine is discussed. In presence of high levels of testosterone, cimetidine depresses structures such as the prostate and seminal vesicles, which are sensitive to androgens, but does not depress the weight or change the histology profile of the testicles, which are also rich in androgen receptors. Perhaps cimetidine binds to androgen receptors differently in the prostate and in the testicles because of differences in receptor structure or more probably, cimetidine interacts with zinc metal ion essential to prostate growth and androgen action by lowering zinc prostatic levels and consequently depresses the prostatic weight. PMID- 3445816 TI - Mechanism of the congestion of lymph nodes induced by ellagic acid in rats. AB - Intravenous injection of ellagic acid (EA, 30 mg/Kg), an activator of the Hageman factor, induced congestion of lymph nodes and dilatation of the spleen in rats. The dilatation of the spleen was inhibited by heparin, thrombin, defibrase, clocoumarol, lambda carrageenan, SBTI, PCR 4099 and CCI 17810. The congestion of lymph nodes was inhibited by heparin, thrombin, defibrase, clocoumarol, SBTI, lambda carrageenan, aspirin, indomethacin and ketoprofen, phentolamine and hexamethonium. Thrombin, defibrase, lambda carrageenan did not induce any congestion of the lymphoid tissues. These results suggest the the dilatation of the spleen induced by ellagic acid would result from blood coagulation, platelet stimulation and kinin formation. The congestion of lymph nodes would depend on kinins, blood coagulation and prostaglandin;s. The activation of Hageman factor in acute inflammatory reactions could mediate the early congestion of lymph nodes. PMID- 3445817 TI - The influence of tritoqualin (Inhibostamin) on the plasma histamine level and its biorhythmic variations. PMID- 3445818 TI - Histamine response in developing chick oesophagus. A pharmacological analysis of the response to histamine in the oesophagus of developing chick. AB - Developmental changes in response to histamine were investigated in the oesophagus isolated from the chick between 15 days of incubation and 15 days after hatching. The contraction could be already caused by histamine (20 microM) in the chick oesophagus from 15 days of incubation. The pD2 values for histamine and acetylcholine did not change during the period between 17 days of incubation and 5 days after hatching. The response to histamine (20 microM) was extremely resistant to tetrodotoxin (0.78 microM), procaine (0.2 mM) and atropine (1 microM) during the period between 17 days of incubation and 20 days of incubation. The tetrodotoxin-resistant response was replaced by a tetrodotoxin sensitive response after hatching. On the other hand, the neuronal response induced by transmural electrical stimulation (20 Hz) or dimethylphenylpiperazinium (20 microM) was uniformly sensitive to tetrodotoxin throughout the periods. Mepyramine (2 microM), but not metiamide (20 microM), inhibited the histamine-induced responses in every age tested. These results suggest that the myogenic receptivity of histamine transiently increases during the terminal period of embryonic development and declines after hatching. PMID- 3445819 TI - Histamine as a ligand in blood plasma. Part 7. Malate, malonate, maleate and tartrate as adjuvants of zinc to favour histamine tissue diffusion through mixed ligand coordination. In vitro tests on lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Investigations based on computer simulated distributions of histamine in blood plasma were recently devoted to the assessment of the roles of cysteine, aspartic and glutamic acids as possible adjuvants of zinc to favour histamine tissue diffusion through mixed-ligand coordination. Since all tissues contain at least one of the two enzymes required for the catabolism of histamine, any increase of its tissue diffusion is expected to result in an acceleration of its degradation, which may be of interest for the treatment of anaphylactic disorders. As an extension of these studies, the present paper first reports (i) an experimental investigation of the tendency of four dicarboxylic acids, namely malate, malonate, tartrate and maleate, to mixed-ligand coordination with zinc and histamine, (ii) computer-based potential effects to be expected from the association of these agents to zinc with respect to histamine tissue diffusion. Cell culture studies were then used to test simulation expectations. Two series of experiments involving successively human lymphocytes and a lymphoblastoid cell line (8866) have been carried out, which led to the following conclusions: (i) the hypothesis formerly put forward that cysteine could favour histamine tissue diffusion through mixed-ligand coordination with zinc has been validated on the two cell models, (ii) the formerly established suppressive role of histamine versus lymphocyte proliferation has clearly been confirmed, (iii) moreover, this suppressive effect has been shown to occur correlatively to histamine uptake by these cells, (iv) the four dicarboxylic acids, more especially tartric acid, proved effective as catalysts of the two above processes. Possible biomedical applications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3445820 TI - Interstitial and free lung cells in acute inflammation in the guinea-pig. AB - Different cell types were studied in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and solid lung tissue of guinea-pigs. Whereas alveolar macrophages (AM) and eosinophils predominated in BAL, the proportion of AM and lymphocytes was highest in the lung tissue. After an inhalation exposure to LPS, the number of neutrophils increased rapidly in the lung tissue reaching a maximum after 4 hours, and more slowly in the airways reaching a maximum after 24 hours. This suggests that other mechanisms than secretion of chemotactic factors from AM, shown to be active up to 4 hours after exposure, are responsible for the later phase of the neutrophil invasion into the airways. Passive migration or other mediators may be involved. PMID- 3445821 TI - Studies on the vascular and hematological changes induced by ellagic acid in rats. AB - We compared the major changes induced by ellagic acid (EA), a Hageman factor activator, in normal rats and in kininogen-deficient Brown Norway rats. In normal rats, large doses of EA induced a congestion of lymph nodes, spleen and liver, a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time, the consumption of prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen and fibrinogen, as well as the stimulation of platelets with their accumulation in lungs, liver and spleen. A systemic hypotension of long duration was also observed. The fibrinogen consumption, the thrombocytopenia and the lengthening of activated partial thromboplastin time were dose-dependent. In kininogen-deficient rats, EA induced only a minimal congestion of lymphoid tissues, the accumulation of platelets in lungs, a decrease of plasma fibrinogen and a short-lasting hypotension. It is concluded that the vascular changes induced by blood coagulation with ellagic acid resulted mainly from kinin formation. PMID- 3445822 TI - Mode of activation of the metabolic burst in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by calcium oxalate crystals. AB - Microcrystals of calcium oxalate cause an activation of the metabolic burst in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, measured as NBT reduction. Crystal-induced NBT reduction, which was mainly due to superoxide release, was accompanied by enzyme release. Modulation of calcium oxalate-induced activation by several agents resembles the effect of these agents on activation by opsonized zymosan and by phorbol myristate acetate. Both the activation of the metabolic burst and concomitant enzyme release could be counteracted by certain anions, such as oxalate, pyruvate and citrate, indicating that positive charges on the crystals play an important role in crystal-cell interaction. Removal of the negatively charged sialic acid from the cell surface by neuraminidase did not affect the the action of the crystals. The mechanism, by which calcium oxalate activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes, is discussed. PMID- 3445823 TI - Short lasting increase in urinary specific kallikrein activity during long term administration of furosemide. AB - Furosemide was administered for seven days to normal rats. Urinary kallikrein excretion showed a biphasic response during the seven consecutive days of study. During the initial three days only the kininogenase activity showed a significant increase without any variation in the excretion of the immunoreactive kallikrein. The specific urinary kininogenase activity was therefore enhanced. After three days of furosemide administration, both the urinary kininogenase activity and urinary immunoreactive kallikrein were augmented. The urinary specific kininogenase activity was that time no more different when compared to the basal value. Considering the delay time of three days, this second part of the response could be a mineralocorticoid mediated effect. In this respect, kidney level of immunoreactive and kininogenase activity of kallikrein are also increased after seven days of furosemide administration. However the short lasting increase in urinary specific kininogenase activity observed during the initial three days is due to a change in the ratio active versus inactive kallikrein without any variation of total kallikrein. It is possible that this immediate response results of a direct effect of furosemide acting either on the preferential excretion of the active form or on the activation of the prokallikrein in the urine. PMID- 3445824 TI - Multisystem toxicity of indomethacin: effects on kidney, liver and intestine in the rat. AB - Some studies on the relationships among toxic effects in rat liver, kidney and intestine have been carried out. Indomethacin caused a marked reduction in microsomal enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and aminopyrine N demethylase in the kidney and the liver, greater in the former and for a shorter time than in the latter. Indomethacin induced intestinal lesions and marked overgrowth of intestinal bacteria, mainly of aerobic bacteria in the first 24 hours after its administration and anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridii in the second day. These findings enable us to suggest that the drug induces multisystem lesions through different mechanisms involving either a direct effect on the tissue or other microbiological or pharmacological factors. PMID- 3445825 TI - The cellular association of sodium salicylate and indomethacin in peritoneal fluid of ascites bearing mice. AB - The degree of association of sodium salicylate and indomethacin with inflammatory cells was measured under in vivo conditions in ascites bearing mice. These animals had sufficient volume of inflammatory effusion in the peritoneal cavity which enabled measurement of drug concentrations extravascularly, both in the effusion and in the inflammatory cells. A single anti-inflammatory dose of 200 mg/kg sodium salicylate or 10 mg/kg indomethacin was administered orally or intraperitoneally. The peritoneal salicylate levels exceeded blood levels starting approximately 4 h following oral drug application. Indomethacin peritoneal levels were substantially lower within 6 h after oral drug intake and exceeded the blood levels at 24 h. Intraperitoneal dosing of salicylate resulted after approximately 4 h in similar vascular and extravascular drug concentrations. Indomethacin was slowly cleared from the peritoneal compartment after intraperitoneal administration. Salicylate and indomethacin accumulated under in vivo inflammatory conditions in peritoneal cells. The degree of accumulation (the intracellular concentration was at most 6 times the extracellular concentration) was dependent on compound, time of sampling, protein binding and administration route. These results were confirmed in in vitro cell association experiments. Protein appeared to affect the macro- and micropartition of these drugs. The differences in biodistribution at macro level (tissue distribution) and at micro level (cellular association) between sodium salicylate and indomethacin were sought in the apparent disparities in protein binding and affinity for protein in mouse serum and exudate. PMID- 3445826 TI - Suppression of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogenesis by cytotoxic drugs commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer: a comparative study. AB - Cultures of normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested in vitro for suppression by chemotherapeutic agents or their metabolites. The drugs tested were those commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, namely, 5 fluorouracil, doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide (actually testing its active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide). The lymphocytes were stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and the inhibitory effect of the drugs on subsequent DNA synthesis was measured by tritiated thymidine uptake. Drug concentrations used were equivalent to expected in vivo plasma and body fluid levels following i.v. injection of a standard therapeutic dose. Results suggest that the drugs may be ranked for suppression of T-cell function as follows: doxorubicin greater than vincristine = cyclophosphamide greater than 5-fluorouracil greater than methotrexate. PMID- 3445827 TI - [A histopathological study of IOL implantation in primates]. PMID- 3445828 TI - [Quantitative indices of congenital nystagmus: characteristics and their relations]. PMID- 3445829 TI - [Serovar determination of Chlamydia trachomatis with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3445830 TI - [Changes in the blood flow of the lacrimal gland and the volume proportion of secretory granules by stimulation of the preganglionic trunk of superior cervical ganglion in the rabbit]. PMID- 3445831 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the lens of exfoliation syndrome. II. On the non exfoliated fellow eye]. PMID- 3445832 TI - [Corneal afferent projection to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and its nearby lateral reticular formation]. PMID- 3445833 TI - [Histopathological study on cellular infiltration in choroidal malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3445834 TI - [Macular dysfunction in glaucoma and the ischemic optic neuropathy]. PMID- 3445835 TI - [Tobramycin concentration in human aqueous humor after intravenous administration]. PMID- 3445836 TI - [Morphometric parameters of the corneal endothelial cells]. PMID- 3445837 TI - [Immunohistochemical localization of gangliosides in the monkey retina]. PMID- 3445838 TI - [Analyses of ocular development in the mouse by monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3445839 TI - [Quality check of intraocular lens by users--gas chromatography]. PMID- 3445840 TI - [Measurement of oxygen tension in the human vitreous space]. PMID- 3445841 TI - [Experimental study on retinal temperature. 1. Heat-reducing effect of the photochromic filter lens]. PMID- 3445842 TI - [Prostatic examinations of mass groups and early detection of cancer of the prostate]. AB - Epidemiological survey of carcinoma of the prostate in Toyama Prefecture was recently combined with the mass group study concerning the prostate gland conducted for the past several years. The impact of prostatic diseases was estimated and some problems involved in the mass group study were discussed. PMID- 3445843 TI - [National burden of disease of urinary organs--an epidemiological consideration]. AB - Diseases of urinary organs are quite important from the standpoint of public health as the frequent cause of death, disease, defect, disability, discomfort, dissatisfaction and destitution (7D). From 1979 to 1984, 82,071 persons died from diseases of urinary organs in Japan. Of these 14.4, 11.9 and 8.5% were deaths from cancers of prostate, urinary bladder and kidney, respectively. Mortality from these diseases, is on the increase in recent years. Deaths due to kidney insufficiency, both acute and chronic, are also on the increase. Series of epidemiological studies revealed selected risk factors enhancing the risk of occurrence of each of these diseases, e.g., cigarette smoking and meat intake for bladder cancer, drinking of hard liquor and lesser consumption of green-yellow vegetables for prostatic cancer, lesser consumption of soybean paste soup for chronic nephritis. Obviously these diseases are a heavy burden to the nation, the effective planning and implementation of primary and secondary prevention programs are urgently necessary. PMID- 3445844 TI - [Prevention of urological diseases can be a national benefit]. AB - Early detection of urological cancers by means of mass screening would be beneficial to the nation, as can be seen in the advances in the detection of stomach and lung cancers. Medical students in Japan today should be studying the economics of medicine, that is, how to prevent cancer instead of studying economics to become prosperous after opening their own offices. This view should not be confined to our nation, but should be directed toward all of mankind in the whole world. PMID- 3445845 TI - [An in vitro chemosensitivity study using the human tumor clonogenic assay in urological malignancies: a preliminary report]. AB - Surgical tumor specimens from 67 urological malignancy patients were subjected to a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) developed by Hamberger and Salmon. Appreciable growth of colonies was obtained in 20 of the 33 renal cancers, 20 of the 30 urothelial cancers and 1 of the 4 testicular cancers examined. Using HTCA, a plating efficiency ranging from 0.01 to 0.5% was obtained in these urologic malignancies. However, colonial growth adequate for chemosensitivity was obtained in 30 of these 67 patients. According to Von Hoff's definition, more than a 70% decrease in the plating efficiency after anticancer drug exposure was defined as susceptible. Susceptibility to vinblastine (VBL) was seen in 4 of the 11 patients with renal cancer. Susceptibility to cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (CDDP) was seen in 4 of the 15 patients with urothelial cancer, 1 of the 4 patients with renal cancer, and that to adriamycin (ADM) was seen in 3 of the 15 patients with urothelial cancer, 2 of the 10 patients with renal cancer and 1 patient with testicular cancer. For comparison, the ratio of IC90 to the peak plasma concentration of the drug tested was used as the "in vivo-in vitro therapeutic index (TI)". According to TI, susceptibility to VBL was seen in 3 of the 7 patients with renal cancer, and that to CDDP was seen in 2 of the 12 patients with urothelial cancer, and 1 of the 2 patients with renal cancer. Susceptibility to ADM was seen in 3 of the 15 patients with urothelial cancer, and 1 of the 6 patients with renal cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3445846 TI - [Effects of the pelvic and hypogastric nerve transection on the micturition cycle in the decerebrate dogs]. AB - The effect of the transection of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves on the whole micturition cycle including the collecting and emptying phases was evaluated on the decerebrate dogs which exhibit highly consistent urodynamic parameters during a series of micturition cycles. Urodynamic parameters of each phase before and after each nerve transection were measured by pressure flow electromyographic studies and compared using the paired t test. Urodynamic parameters in the collecting phase consisted of threshold volume, threshold pressure, opening pressure and bladder compliance. Urodynamic parameters in the emptying phase consisted of voided volume, residual volume, residual ratio, contraction pressure, maximum flow rate and voiding time. Unilateral pelvic nerve transection produced a significant increase in threshold volume and bladder compliance and a significant decrease in threshold pressure during the collecting phase. There was a significant increase in residual volume and residual ratio and a significant decrease in contraction pressure and maximum flow rate during the emptying phase. After bilateral pelvic nerves transection, bladder did not contract and overflow incontinence occurred. Therefore, the pelvic nerves are considered to play an important role in both the collecting and emptying phases. Unilateral hypogastric nerve transection produced a significant decrease in threshold volume, threshold pressure and opening pressure during the collecting phase. There was a significant decrease in contraction pressure during the emptying phase. Bilateral pelvic nerve transection produced a significant decrease in threshold volume, threshold pressure and opening pressure, and a significant increase in bladder compliance during the collecting phase. There was a significant decrease in voided volume and contraction pressure during the emptying phase. Therefore, the hypogastric nerves are considered to play a certain role in the collecting phase. PMID- 3445847 TI - [Studies on sexual activity in Japanese males based on inquiry about sexual behavior: especially in association with advancing age]. AB - To study the changes in sexual function, especially potency in males with age, 3,389 married male patients who visited the urological department were inquired about their sexual behavior, and the following results were obtained. Sexual intercourse was performed once a week or more in 95.2% of those aged under 30 years, 84.2% of those aged between 30-39 years, 55.2% of those aged between 40-49 years, 26.3% of those aged between 50-59 years, and 10% or less of those aged 60 years or more. Conversely, the percentage of those reporting no sexual intercourse increased with age, especially markedly after 50 years of age: 10% or less in those under 50 years, 21.1% in the 6th decade, 44.8% in the 7th decade, and 69.5% in the 8th decade. The awareness of morning erection decreased gradually with age. In those 60 years or older, the percentage of those without morning erection was higher than those with morning erection. The association between the testicular volume and potency was unclear in those under 50 years of age. However, in those between 50-69 years, potency tended to be reduced with the decrease in the testicular volume. The frequency of sexual intercourse in infertile patients with testicular dysfunction was nearly equal to that in those with normal testicular function. The decrease in sexual activity with age appears to be complicated associated with sociological and psychological factors in addition to aging. In a society where the proportion of the aged is increasing, evaluation from various aspects is needed. PMID- 3445848 TI - [Treatment of organic impotence by implantation of Jonas prosthesis]. AB - We carried out operative insertion of Jonas penile prosthesis in 10 cases with organic impotence. Erection had been incomplete due to radical surgery for bladder or rectal cancer in 5, pelvic fracture in 1, diabetes in 1, Peyronie's disease in 1 and unknown in 2 of the operated cases. Nine of the 10 cases were able to have sexual intercourse at 5-16 weeks after the operation, but the prosthesis was taken off in the remaining one due to long-lasting pain in the penile and perineal region. We have confirmed that the implantation of Jonas prosthesis is a safe and useful procedure for organic impotence. PMID- 3445849 TI - [Penile implantation surgery for organic impotence due to radical cystectomy or prostatectomy]. AB - Implantation surgery was performed twelve times in eleven patients with organic impotence, mainly due to radical cystectomy and prostatectomy against malignancy, between March, 1982 and April, 1987. A self-contained type prosthesis (AMS Hydroflex(TM] was used in 7 cases, reservoir type inflatable prosthesis (AMS 700TM) in 2, malleable semirigid type (ESKA-Jonas Silicon Silver(TM) Trimming Tip Version) in 2, and nonmalleable semirigid type (Fuji system Finney type) in 1 case. In the last case, the prosthesis was replaced by AMS Hydroflex 4.5 years later at patient's wish. Excellent results and good patients' acceptance were gained with inflatable-type prosthesis (AMS 700 and Hydroflex) in 7 out of 8 cases (88%), whereas concealment problems were produced by semirigid type prosthesis (Finney and Jonas). Experience with AMS Hydroflex penile implantation is reported for the first time in the Japanese literature. Intraoperatively, it was sometimes difficult to implant a pair of Hydroflex rods into both of the corpus cavernosum. Postoperative perineal pain was almost constantly seen and in one patient, penile edema continued for three weeks and subsided spontaneously in two months. In another patient, the length of the prosthesis (15 cm) was short, and exchange to the longer one (17 cm) was necessary. In this patient, the longer Hydroflex caused erosion of the glans to necessitate its removal on one side. From our experience, the diameter (11 mm) of the Hydroflex seems to be too big for the average Japanese patient. The operative procedures and results of each kind of the prostheses are briefly discussed. PMID- 3445850 TI - [Optical internal urethrotomy after traumatic disruption of the urethra]. AB - We report 4 cases of complete traumatic disruption of urethra treated by endoscopic management, core-through optical internal urethrotomy. A direct vision urethrotome was used to incise the totally obliterated urethra with transvesical endoscopic guidance and digital rectal or perineal control. Postoperatively, the patients required an average of 1.3 subsequent urethrotomies. The results were satisfactory in three cases and one case was under observation. All patients were continent and three of them were potent. We suggest that the endoscopic approach should be considered as an initial procedure for restoring urethral continuity prior to more extensive surgical repair. PMID- 3445851 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients and operations at Mishina Urological Office between July 1984-June 1986]. AB - The total number of outpatients was 2,012. There were 1,402 males and 610 females. The male to female ratio being 2.3:1. The major diseases seen in outpatients were benign prostatic hypertrophy, chronic prostatitis, prostatic stone, chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and ureteral stones. The total number of patients operated on was 347; 281 males and 66 females. These operations were performed at 11 hospitals using our semi-open system. Major operations were transurethral resection of prostate, subcapsular prostatectomy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, YV plasty of bladder neck, ureterolithotomy and partial cystectomy. PMID- 3445852 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients at the Urological Clinic of Sanjukai Hospital in 1986]. AB - A statistical study was performed on new outpatients. The total number of new outpatients in 1986 was 8,174 (male: 5,177, female: 2,997) and the male to female ratio was 1.73:1. They had urogenital diseases definitely diagnosed (7,043), urogenital diseases undefinitely diagnosed (689), no diseases (357), and diseases other than urogenital (85). Thirty percent of the outpatients were referred to us by other sources. The number of operations on new outpatients was 182, circumcision, resection of condyloma and vasectomy were representative. The peak of the age distribution was in the thirties for males and in the twenties for females. A statistical study was made on new outpatients according to the international disease classification. There were 109 malignant (urogenital) tumors (1.4%). The major diseases of the new outpatients were cystitis (acute or chronic: 21.4%), upper urinary tract stone (16.8%), prostatitis (14.1%), and benign prostatic hypertrophy (11.3%). In males the major diseases were prostatitis, upper urinary tract stone, benign prostatic hypertrophy, balanoposthitis, phimosis and in females they were cystitis, upper urinary tract stone, pyelonephritis, renoptosis and neurogenic bladder. We conclude that our hospital plays a major role as a private urological hospital. PMID- 3445853 TI - [A case of blind-ending bifid ureter]. AB - A case of blind-ending bifid ureter in a 6-year-old girl is presented. Excretory urography revealed a right blind-ending ureter which was resected surgically. Besides this, she had megaureters on both sides, and uretero-vesiconeostomy was undertaken. Although urinary tract infection had continued for several months, she had no episode of fever after operation. PMID- 3445854 TI - [Strangulation of the penis by a ring]. AB - A 42-year-old man was hospitalized with urinary retention due to strangulation of the penis in December, 1981. He placed a stainless steel ring on the base of the penis to prolong erection one month earlier, but subsequent penile edema made it impossible to remove the ring. On admission the penis was extremely swollen (15 cm in length and 7 cm in diameter). Gangrenous patches covered the surface of the penis almost completely and the ring had cut through all the tissues superficial to Buck's fascia. Even slight tension would have probably divided the penis at the site of obstruction and we thought that amputation would be necessary. However, we decided to try conservative therapy since pulsation was felt in the glans. A high-speed airdriven drill with a diamond tip was used to sever the ring. This took ninety minutes. The ring was 2 cm in diameter. The wound was sutured in one layer after through debridement. The skin ulceration healed slowly and a urethral fistula was present in the penoscrotal region until the 66th postoperative day when it closed spontaneously. At discharge the patient had no problems with urination or erection. PMID- 3445855 TI - [Clinical study of urinary tract infections in transurethral surgery]. AB - Effect of prophylactic administration of antimicrobials on postoperative urinary tract infection was studied in 40 patients who had undergone transurethral surgery. Two gm of cefoperazone (CPZ) per day was administered intravenously starting on the day of surgery for 5 days consecutively. In group I, 1 g of CPZ was administered 1 hour before surgery and another 1 g after surgery, while in group II 2 g of CPZ was administered after surgery only. Thereafter, in either group, 1 g of CPZ was administered intravenously 2 times a day. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was diagnosed when urine specimens yielded 1 X 10(4)/ml or more cells. In group I, 8 patients (40%) had UTI before surgery. Of 8 patients, 3 had bacteria resistant to CPZ. Of the remaining 5 patients with bacteria sensitive to CPZ 4 patients were cleared of bacteria after surgery. All these patients had bacteria sensitive to CPZ and therefore all were cleared of bacteria after surgery. In either group of patients all without bacteriuria at the time of preoperative evaluation were free from bacteriuria after surgery. All bacteria yielded after surgery were weak pathogens. All patients except 1 had no postoperative infectious complication such as septicemia, epididymitis and UTI. One patient showed UTI with fever after surgery. Urine culture yielded S. faecalis. This study showed that the prophylactic administration of antimicrobials for patients undergoing transurethral surgery was valuable, but the both methods of administration were similarly effective. PMID- 3445856 TI - [Clinical feature of male non-gonorrhoea urethritis and minocycline treatment of Chlamydia or Ureaplasma-infected urethritis]. AB - Thirty-nine male patients with urethritis were studied for gonorrhoea or non gonorrhoea infections. Only 2 patients were infected with N. gonorrhoeae, the other 37 patients were non-gonorrhoea urethritis (NGU). In 9 of these patients, C. trachomatis was identified and in 6 patients, U. urealyticum was isolated. No chlamydial urethritis was combined with ureaplasma. There was no clinical difference between chlamydia and ureaplasma infection, such as serous urethral discharge or mild pyuria. Minocycline was given orally at the dose of 200 mg daily for 7 to 42 days to these patients. Seven of the 9 patients (78%) with C. trachomatis and 7 of the 6 patients (67%) with U. urealyticum infection showed improvement of subjective and objective symptoms after minocycline. In no case, was an adverse reaction noted. Minocycline was effective in the treatment of both C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum urethral infection. PMID- 3445858 TI - [Clinical studies on recurrence of urolithiasis. (2) Hypercalciuria and recurrence of urolithiasis]. AB - According to the dynamics of the urinary calcium excretion mechanism, we have classified the patients with urolithiasis into 4 groups, namely group I (normocalciuria; urinary calcium excretion of 270 mg/day or less for male patients and 210 mg/day or less for female patients), group II (absorptive hypercalciuria; hypercalciuric with urinary calcium excretion of 200 mg/day or less under the low calcium diet), group III (renal hypercalciuria; hypercalciuric with urinary calcium excretion exceeds 200 mg/day even under a low calcium diet), and group IV (hyperparathyroidism; hypercalciuric patients as in group III with high serum calcium). Of the 97 stone formers, 77 were classified into group I, 9 into group II, 8 into group III and 3 into group IV. Both under the restricted diet and under the ambulatory free diet, urinary calcium excretion of groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than that of the group I patients. It was noteworthy, however, that some of the patients in group I excreted much calcium without restriction of their diet. Although no difference in excretion of oxalate, magnesium and phosphate was observed between the 4 groups, the patients in groups II, and III excreted more uric acid into their urine than group I patients. As for stone recurrence rate, no difference was noted between group I and group II, III or IV. Based on these findings, we conclude that hypercalciuria has no significant role in the stone forming mechanism. However, lowering of urinary calcium and other stone forming constituents is mandatory in preventing stone recurrence until the mechanism of stone formation is elucidated more precisely. PMID- 3445857 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of high-dose cisplatin administration (relationship between pharmacokinetics and administration schedule)]. AB - Three cases of urogenital malignancy were treated with 80-120/m2 of cisplatin by a 0.5-hour (rapid) or 4-hour (slow) infusion. Each patient received three courses of repeated chemotherapy. The kinetics of total platinum was measured up to 48 hours in the blood and urine. The blood peak concentrations were achieved 6.0 micrograms/ml by rapid infusion, 2.0 micrograms/ml by slow infusion. The time dependent urinary excretion rate against total administered dose was 40% in 60 min. by rapid infusion, 20% in 16 hours by slow infusion. The volume of distribution correlated with infusion time. Rapid infusion way of cisplatin could be better to treat the patient with bulky tumor mass or patients with uroepithelial cancer like CIS, because a higher blood and urine concentration can be obtained than by slow infusion. PMID- 3445859 TI - Effects of sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and citric acid in preventing experimental calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. AB - Male Wistar-strain rats which had been fed a glycolic-acid diet developed severe nephrocalcinosis with urinary calculi within 4 weeks. Rats fed the same diet with citrate salts added had, however, either slight or no nephrocalcinosis without any stones in the urinary system. Nephrocalcinosis intermediate between those in the citrate groups and the glycolic-acid group, with some urinary calculi, was observed in the citric-acid group. During the experiment, the urinary oxalate concentration increased markedly and was higher in the citrate and citric-acid than in the glycolic-acid group. The urinary citrate concentration was significantly higher in the citrate groups and lower in the citric acid and glycolic-acid groups. Therefore, citrate salts can be concluded to inhibit nephrocalcinosis and calculi formation as a result of decreased urinary saturation by means of increase in urinary citrate, in spite of a slight increase in the urinary oxalate. PMID- 3445860 TI - [Chemolysis of cystine calculi incarcerated in the ureter by the alkaline organic amine, tromethamine-E]. AB - We dissolved the cystine calculi incarcerated in the ureter by irrigation with tromethamine-E via percutaneous nephrostomy. Case 1: A 25-year-old man with a past history of cystinuria and staghorn calculi in the right kidney, suffered from obstructive renal failure caused by the incarceration of a stone (18 x 15 mm) in the left middle ureter. After recovering promptly from renal failure by left percutaneous nephrostomy, he received continuous irrigation with tromethamine-E through an angiographic catheter percutaneously placed in the ureter. The ureteral calculus was reduced by 70% in size after the irrigation for 35 days, and then extracted percutaneously. Case 2: A 3-year-old child had multiple cystine calculi in the right renal pelvis and ureter. Although a calculus in the renal pelvis was extracted by the percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy, two calculi incarcerated in the middle ureter were impossible to remove by a percutaneous approach. The irrigation with tromethamine-E was initiated through the catheter placed percutaneously in the right ureter. Both calculi completely dissolved 47 days later. The chemolysis by irrigation with tromethamine-E was greatly valuable in the treatment of cystine calculi. This dissolution could be an alternative to surgery especially in the treatment of ureteral cystine calculi, which might be difficult to be extracted by the percutaneous or transurethral approach. PMID- 3445861 TI - [New classification of ureter by success rate for transurethro-ureteral lithotripsy]. AB - Between August, 1985 and February, 1987, 4 renal pelvic stones and 49 ureteral stones (28 calculi in the abdominal ureter, 21 in the pelvic ureter) were treated by 55 procedures of transurethro-ureteral lithotripsy (TUL). The success rate for stones in the ureter lying in the paravertebral gutter was 33% (3/9), while those in the ureter overlying the psoas muscle was 85% (17/20). The success rate for calculi impacted at the uretero-vesicle junction was 100% (12/12), and those in the upper part of pelvic ureter was 80% (8/10). Two of 4 renal pelvic stones were successfully fragmented and removed. The overall success rate by the ureterorenoscope was 79% in 53 renoureteral units. Judging from our experience and results of TUL, the stone location seems to be one of the factors affecting the success rate. Thus, we propose a new classification of ureter according to success rate for TUL as follows; uretero-vesical junction, pelvic, psoas, and gutter portion. PMID- 3445862 TI - [Endoscopic ethanol injection treatment for bladder cancer]. AB - One invasive and 4 superficial bladder cancers were treated by local injection of absolute ethanol through an endoscope. With the patient placed in the lithotomy position, an endoscope was introduced after mucosal anesthesia with xylocaine jelly. According to the usual manner of retrograde catheterization, a 23G syringe needle attached to a 5F ureteral catheter was advanced into the base of the tumor and through the needle absolute ethanol was injected. This treatment is characterized by endoscopic delivery of ethanol as with sclerotherapy for esophageal varices to obtain a potent necrotizing effect as achieved by transcatheter embolization of ethanol for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. As a rule, this technique does not require any anesthesia other than mucosal anesthesia with xylocaine jelly and can be done repeatedly and very easily, thus having a high cost effectiveness. This treatment serves as a good palliative therapy for invasive bladder cancers, because of its rapid achievement of hemostasis and reduction of the tumor masses. Furthermore, this treatment is just as effective as standard transurethral resections to eradicate superficial bladder cancer, even though the treatment may have to be repeated. PMID- 3445863 TI - [Effect of bunazosin on lower urinary tract function in the decerebrated dog]. AB - The effect of bunazosin on the lower urinary tract function was studied by combined recording of cystometry and sphincter electromyogram (EMG) in 8 decerebrated dogs. Micturitions were induced by bladder filling and microelectrical stimulation of the pons before and after the administration of bunazosin. Bunazosin (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) produced overflow incontinence in 7 of the 8 dogs and a significant decrease in the contractile response pressure to microelectrical stimulation of the pons in 6 dogs. Bunazosin appears to produce a decrease in urethral resistance and to be useful for the treatment of the failure of bladder emptying due to high urethral resistance. PMID- 3445864 TI - Testing of brain-stem function in 134 patients complaining of impotence. AB - To determine the cause of brain-stem dysfunction for impotence, we studied the brain-stem function in 134 patients complaining of impotence and compared the results with their clinical records, erectile function tests, a papaverine test, dynamic cavernography and measurement of the penile brachial index. We found brain-stem dysfunction in 43% of the patients with impotence. Brain-stem dysfunctions tended to show characteristic differences in underlying disease and erectile dysfunction. We discuss the testing and direct treatment of the brain stem dysfunction, and postulate it to be one cause of the impotence. PMID- 3445865 TI - Psychogenic Erection Monitoring using the sexual stimulation score in 150 patients with impotence. AB - To confirm the usefulness of our new erectile function test, Psychogenic Erection Monitoring using Sexual Stimulation Score, we monitored results in 150 patients with suspected impotence. As compared with conventional methods, this new test reduced the number of false negative and positive recordings and proved a useful method for diagnosis of impotence. PMID- 3445866 TI - [Comparison of urinary and seminal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase isoenzymes]. AB - N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzymes were measured in the urine and seminal plasma of healthy volunteers. Urinary NAG level was 2.62 +/- 1.30 U/L (mean +/- standard deviation), 1.99 +/- 0.77 U/g creatinine and seminal NAG level was 2370 +/- 1007 U/l. Urinary NAG level was 2.59 +/- 1.44 U/l, 1.93 +/- 0.80 U/g creatinine in males and 2.67 +/- 1.15 U/l, 2.08 +/- 0.78 U/g creatinine in females, and there was no significant sex difference. NAG isoenzymes in the urine and seminal plasma were divided into two major peaks, A and B. The A:B ratio was 78.0 +/- 6.5: 21.9 +/- 6.5 in the urine and 24.7 +/- 3.2: 75.2 +/- 3.2 in the seminal plasma, and was significantly different. Urinary NAG isoenzyme was 80.3 +/- 6.7: 19.6 +/- 6.7 in males and 74.1 +/- 4.3: 25.9 +/- 4.3 in females, and there was no significant difference between the sexes. These results indicated that urinary and seminal NAG can be differentiated by measuring the isoenzymes. Furthermore, the comparison of seminal NAG isoenzymes before and after vasectomy indicated that seminal NAG may be affected not only by the sperm but also by the prostatic fluid. PMID- 3445867 TI - [Morphological changes in the contralateral testis in patients with testicular tumor]. AB - Biopsy of contralateral testis of 20 patients with an unilateral testicular tumor was carried out to evaluate the morphological changes of the contralateral testis caused by the tumor. Serum beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels before orchiectomy were examined as a function influencing morphological changes of the contralateral testis. Typical carcinoma in situ was found in a case of ipsilateral testis. The presence of a few atypical germ cells, however, was the only finding of the contralateral testis of three patients. Five of 20 patients revealed hypospermatogenesis in the contralateral intact testis. Most of the other patients also showed sloughing of germinal epithelium suggesting disorder of spermatogenesis. Johnsen's mean score count and tubular wall thickening were related to neither clinical stages, ESR, serum beta-hCG, AFP, LH nor FSH levels. Tubular wall thickening was observed in 8 of 10 patients with a tumor weighting over 150 g, but was found in only 1 of 10 patients with a lighter tumor (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3445868 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients, inpatients and operations in 1985]. AB - Statistical studies were made on 1,795 outpatients, 528 inpatients and 518 operative procedures at our department in 1985. The most frequent diseases among the outpatients were urogenital infections followed by anomalies, stones and tumors. The major diseases among the inpatients were hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, congenital urethral stenosis, bladder tumor and benign prostatic hypertrophy. A total of 518 operations were performed. The five major operations were optic internal urethrotomy, hypospadias repair, ureterocystoneostomy, and transurethral resection of prostate and of bladder tumors. PMID- 3445869 TI - [A combined treatment of interferon-alpha, 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia and/or irradiation in a patient with advanced renal cancer]. AB - A combined treatment of alpha interferon (INF), 8 MHz radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia using Thermotron-RF Model 8 and/or irradiation was performed on a patient with advanced renal cancer. The patient was a 52-year-old male, who had received arterial embolization with a gelatin sponge and 60 mg of adriamycin for the right renal tumor in January, 1985. He was referred to our clinic in April, 1985. Computed tomography showed a right renal tumor, 120 x 105 x 80 mm. Histological examination revealed clear cell carcinoma of the right kidney. The tumor was unresectable because of the huge tumor size, invasion into the right lobe of the liver, multiple pulmonary metastases and severe dysproteinemia. From the beginning of May, 1985, administration of 3 x 10(6) units interferon-alpha (INF) daily and radiofrequency (RF)hyperthermia for one hour twice a week were started. By June 11, 1985, 10 sessions of RF-hyperthermia were performed. Thereafter, hyperthermia for the renal tumor was maintained once a week until June, 1986. From the middle of June, 1985, a gradual improvement of dysproteinemia and appetite loss, and a decrease of the right renal tumor size as well as disappearance of febrile attacks were attained. In November, 1985, mediastinal lymph node swelling developed. A combined therapy of RF-hyperthermia twice a week and irradiation with 2.0 Gy daily 5 times a week was started. A total of 14 sessions of RF-hyperthermia and 30 Gy of irradiation were delivered until January, 1986. Intratumoral temperature of the renal tumor reached 44.0 degrees C during the heating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3445870 TI - [A case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma]. AB - A case of asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma is reported. A 52-year-old man with the chief complaint of asymptomatic gross hematuria visited our hospital on November 16, 1981. Intravesicular pyelography showed poor secretion of the left kidney, compression of its pelvis and calyces and normal visualization of the right kidney. On computer tomographic (CT) scanning, abdominal aortogram and left selective renal angiogram, a round tumor lesion on the left kidney was recognized. Under the diagnosis of left renal tumor, radical left nephrectomy was performed in December, 1981. Histological diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma of the left kidney. He was administered medroxyprogesterone acetate. In December, 1985, CT showed a space-occupying lesion laterally on the right kidney and another suspected tumorous lesion. On the right selective renal angiogram, a round hypervascular lesion about 3 cm in diameter was found on the upper portion of the right kidney. On February 10, 1986 simple surgical enucleation of the 2 renal tumors was performed. Histological diagnosis was the same as that of the left kidney. Postoperative course was uneventful. He is well without recurrence or metastasis 8 months after operation. PMID- 3445871 TI - [Report of two cases of advanced renal cell carcinoma and our experience at Mito Saiseikai General Hospital]. AB - A tumor thrombus in the vena cava (infrahepatic) was identified in a 70-year-old male with chronic obstructive lung disease, and right nephrectomy and thrombectomy were performed successfully. Therefore, he enjoyed good health for 6 months until he developed bone metastasis in the vertebrae and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In another case of a 51-year-old male who presented with a mass in the posterior part of the chest; the biopsy specimen of the mass was reported to at least resemble renal-cell carcinoma. Subsequently, he underwent right nephrectomy and thoracotomy to remove the mass. He has since led an uneventful life without tumor recurrence. In our hospital from 1971 to 1980, 9 cases of renal-cell carcinoma have been experienced, including the above 2 cases. Their average age was 49.4 years, with ages ranging from 34 to 70 years. Seven patients presented with gross hematuria, and 2 patients, with flank pain. All 9 cases, all of whom underwent radical nephrectomy, were diagnosed pathologically as having renal cell carcinoma. The right side was involved in 3 cases, and the left, in 6 cases. The upper pole of the kidney was involved in 2 cases the middle in 1 case, and the lower in 5 cases. The mean 5-year survival rate was 69.2% and was closely associated with the tumor stage. PMID- 3445872 TI - [Cytology of percutaneous aspiration biopsy of renal angiomyolipoma: a study of 4 cases]. AB - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) was carried out on four patients to investigate the cytological features of AML. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically after the removal of the tumor. The specimen was fixed in 95% alcohol and stained by the Papanicolaou's method. Cells obtained formed clusters in three of four cases. Cells originating from leiomyomatous element of AML varied in their size, but are usually small with small oval nuclei and rich cytoplasm of lacy appearance. The cytoplasm was fragile and the cell border was not clear. Nuclear chromatin was not increased and was distributed diffusely. Fat cells originating from fatty element of the tumor were mature type and obtained from all of three patients who had much typical lipomatous element in the tumor. In conclusion, cytology of aspiration biopsy is useful to establish preoperative diagnosis of AML in such occasions when there are difficulties in differential diagnoses between AML and renal cell carcinoma even by either computed tomography, angiography or ultrasonography. PMID- 3445873 TI - [Ureteral endometriosis]. AB - We present a case of ureteral endometriosis in a 48-year-old postmenopausal patient who was hospitalized complaining of right flank pain & microhematuria. She had no bladder irritability. She had a past history of simple hysterectomy and left oophorectomy because of adenomyomatosis. At that time, right ovary and other pelvic organs were normal. Physical examination revealed slight swelling of the liver without tenderness. Laboratory data at admission revealed severe liver dysfunction due to liver cirrhosis. Excretory urography demonstrated right hydronephroureterosis and severe stricture of the right lower ureter. Right ureteral catheterization demonstrated a high degree of stricture at the distal third. Cytology of right pelvic urine was negative. Right nephroureterectomy was done because long segment of right lower ureter adhered to the peritoneum tightly and we could not rule out ureteral cancer. Pathological diagnosis was extrinsic endometriosis of the right ureter. Ureteral endometriosis is rare and postmenopausal endometriosis is also rare. In our case hyperestrogenemia caused by liver cirrhosis might have played a role in the genesis and progression of endometriosis. PMID- 3445874 TI - Predictive value of airway resistance in patients affected with pollen rhinitis. AB - We selected 38 symptomatic pollen-sensitive rhinitic patients without bronchial pathology and with normal pulmonary functional study (volume flow curve). A control group consisting of 10 individuals was studied adjacently. The study was performed within the pollen season. The determination of Raw value was carried out through increasing doses of histamine challenge employing the Apta-Jaeger apparatus. The results were expressed in PC20 wherein 26% of the pollen-affected patients presented bronchial hyperreactivity (positive histamine bronchial provocation test). In this group the values of basal Raw were found to be increased with respect to the control group (p less than 0.025) and pollen sensitive patients with negative histamine bronchial provocation test (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, the pollen-sensitive group with negative response to histamine bronchial challenge presented Raw values which were similar to the control group. PMID- 3445875 TI - Immunological parameters of visceral leishmaniasis of Leishmania major-infected golden hamsters. AB - We can consider the Leishmania major-infected hamster as an interesting model of visceral leishmaniasis. Every hamster infected with L. major strain 70 by peritoneal route developed visceral dissemination of the parasite. When immunological parameters were considered, we saw data quite similar to those presented by visceral leishmaniasis patients: negative leishmanin skin test and presence of anti-leishmania antibody. Histopathological analysis showed dissemination of the parasite mainly to liver and spleen. The former organ showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells with focal areas of inflammatory infiltration in nodular pattern. The spleen disclosed intense proliferation and enlargement of mononuclear phagocytic cells, sometimes revealing nodular configuration. Anti-leishmania antibodies were easily detected by indirect immunofluorescent technique in this model. Immunomodulation by Cyclophosphamide decreased the anti-leishmania antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity test results suggested that hamster was able to develop reaction to leishmania antigen, although leishmanin skin test was negative in the L. major-infected animals. We consider the L. major-infected hamster a useful model for visceral leishmaniasis study because of the similarity of immunological reactions to parasite antigen in human disease. PMID- 3445876 TI - Clinical utility of the single point method for theophylline maintenance dose prediction. AB - In this work, we tried to correlate the usefulness of the Koup nomogram for dosage prediction of continuous theophylline Dm therapy as compared with the usual method of dosification. To do this, a first group of 20 patients (5 with chronic bronchitis and 15 with bronchial asthma) without clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatic or heart disease (3 with smoking habit), were chosen. They were given a loading dose of theophylline 5 mg/kg over 30 min (as aminophylline). A blood sample was then taken after six hours. The result of this value and in accordance with the nomogram determines the individual oral dose of theophylline administered to attain a serum concentration of 10 mg/ml. The oral dose of theophylline, based according to Hendeles was given to another group of 16 asthmatic patients without smoking habit and clinical or biochemical signs of hepatic or heart disease. Two commercial preparations of theophylline were chosen (Theolair or Theodur). We concluded that: 1) Koup's nomogram is useful in estimating the dose requirement of oral theophylline to reach 10 mcg/ml (Css) at steady state, although it could not be useful in greater Css. 2) Among the patients given the dose according to Hendeles, 37.5% showed toxic serum concentrations. 3) Therapeutic serum concentrations could be obtained in the greater number of patients with twice daily doses, independently of the commercial product. 4) A great number of subjects showed the side effects (discomfort of the stomach, irritability, headache) which appeared to have little direct relationship to serum concentration. PMID- 3445877 TI - Sulfites and skin pathology in children. AB - We report the case of 8 children (whose ages ranged between 2 and 7) who consulted us because of urticaria, accompanied by angioedema in 5 of the cases. An additives study was performed based on a habitual program. Sodium bisulfite hypersensitivity was detected with oral provocation test with doses of 5 and 25 mgs. The tests were positive within the first hour of observation in 2 cases, in the rest the reaction appeared later after the administration of the second dose; the reaction in 2 of the cases were semi-delayed. No respiratory symptomatology was detected in these patients. PMID- 3445878 TI - Hereditary angioedema: a study of three families. AB - Familial angioedema is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease whose pathogenesis is attributed to a C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) deficit. Two genetic forms have been recognized related to the C1 inhibitor deficiency or its dysfunction. Antifibrinolytics as well as androgenic derivatives have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of this pathology. In this paper we present the studies carried out in three families affected by C1 inh. deficit and the treatment employed. Some of the members of these families showed symptoms related with this deficit. A satisfactory explanation has not been formulated to justify the reason why only some of the members in our study showed symptomatology, given that there were no differences between the C1 inh. levels in these patients and those who were not affected. The absence of family history connected with this disease does not necessarily suggest that a genetic mutation has been produced. This deficit could have been present in earlier generations but without clinical manifestations. Stanozolol proved effective in the control of symptoms in the two patients to whom this treatment was applied. However, the rise of C1 inh. levels was significative only in one of them. The lack of connection between the clinical improvement and the normalization of the C1 inh. levels led us to think that the main goal of the therapy should not be directed to the normalization of these levels but to keep the patient asymptomatic with the lowest possible doses of the selected medication. PMID- 3445879 TI - Airway hyperreactivity and menstrual cycle in asthmatic patients. AB - Healthy women and infertile asthmatic patients do not show any change in IgE, circulating eosinophils, sensitivity to metacholine, lung volumes. Allergic asthmatic patients tested in periods without allergen load and drug intake showed contrasting cycle related changes in aspecific hyperreactivity. Such changes are not directly related to hormonal levels. Circulating mediators are likely to explain observed pathways. PMID- 3445880 TI - Sex distribution and common allergens of bronchial asthma in a Saudi Arabian (eastern province) population. AB - In a study carried out between 1982-1986, 68 asthmatic patients of different ages were followed-up in the Outpatient Department of the King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar. Fifty-two patients were Saudis (78%) while the rest were of other nationalities (22%). The sex distribution was 39 (55.9%) females and 30 males (44%). Routine and skin tests were performed; the IgE was in 70% elevated. The commonest allergens among these patients were house dust, cat danders and D. Pteronyssinus. Females were significantly more affected than males, particularly in the ages between 20-30 years. Among the multiple causes, the local ones such as customs are postulated. PMID- 3445881 TI - Relative movement of lower lid and line of sight from distant to near fixation. AB - The difference in extent of movement of the lower lid and of the line of fixation of 107 subjects when the eyes were lowered from the primary plane to the reading position were measured using a stroboscopic camera. The difference in the extent of movement between the two is assumed to indicate the amount by which the lower lid would raise a bifocal contact lens before the pupil. The mean difference was found to be 0.8 +/- 0.347 mm. The area of the pupil occupied by the segment based upon each individual pupil size and difference of lid/fixation movement was also calculated. The mean for the above subjects was found to be 16.9 +/- 14.4%. Both the above values are much less than the amounts heretofore predicated for efficient bifocal vision. Other factors, particularly the upper lid's role in the movement of the contact lens translating bifocal, are noted. PMID- 3445882 TI - Visual acuity prediction using the VER--temporal aspects. AB - A pattern reversal stimulus (check size 5.5 min arc) was used to elicit visually evoked responses (VER's). The peak to trough amplitude of the VER wave was measured and compared to the subjective visual acuity (Landolt C) in 30 subjects. The recordings were made at 3, 6, and 12 pattern reversals per s. The correlation coefficients are reasonably high (r = 0.81) for both the 3 and 6 reversal rates with a considerably lower correlation coefficient (r = 0.54) for the 12 reversals per s stimulus. Repeatability measurements on a further 6 subjects taken over a 5 week period produced an amplitude coefficient of variation of 13% for the 6 subjects with the 3 reversals per s stimulus. PMID- 3445883 TI - Reporting the visual acuity of groups: the relation among alternate measures. AB - There are often large disparities in the way in which visual acuities are reported for groups. A survey of 156 reports published within the last 5 years shows that some researchers report binocular acuity, others best eye, monocular, or mean monocular acuities. Some of these measures may be confounded further with accommodation distance. To ascertain the relation among the various measures of acuity reported commonly, data were obtained from 702 observers. The results indicate that there is a high degree of concordance among the various measures used to report the visual acuity of groups, with many of the correlations in the 0.9 range. It is further shown that a composite measure, based upon mean binocular or best eye acuity, may be a useful means of conveying group differences in visual resolution. PMID- 3445884 TI - Age and disturbance of dark adaptation by extreme peripheral light. AB - The effects on dark adaptation of exposure to light presented only in the extreme periphery were significantly greater for observers over the age of 40 years. Increasing the exposure duration from 0.5 to 5 min significantly affected only the older observers. PMID- 3445885 TI - Corneal apex in keratoconic patients. AB - Eyes of 27 patients with keratoconus and 37 normal persons were examined with a photokeratoscope. The photokeratoscopic data were analyzed to obtain information about the corneal apex and a comparison between the two groups was performed. The study demonstrates a significant shift in the position of the corneal apex in relation to the visual axis from a superior-temporal position in the normal group to an inferior position without temporal-nasal preference in the keratoconic group. However, the magnitude of the apex displacement (lxa) was equal in the two groups both in the horizontal and vertical direction. The influence of xa on the stability of the central corneal curvature was established by the apex factor (AF). The magnitude of AF depends as well on xa as the corneal shape. In the keratoconic eyes the vertical AF is about 5 times the horizontal AF, whereas in normal eyes the AF is equal in the two meridians. Thus the increasing astigmatism so characteristic for the keratoconic eyes may be caused by unequal alteration in the shape of the horizontal and vertical meridians. PMID- 3445886 TI - Effect of head and eye positions on fixation disparities, phorias, and ductions at near. AB - This study evaluated the effects of head and gaze position on near fixation disparity, phoria, and duction findings. A population of 104 non-complaining subjects divided by age into 3 groups participated in the study. The primary head and gaze position along with two others approximating the positions used for reading by nonbifocal and bifocal wearers were used. A statistically significant effect was found for the phoria data from the young group, but the magnitude was clinically insignificant. Changes in head and/or gaze positions did not significantly affect fixation disparities or duction recovery ranges. Phorias and fixation disparities showed statistically significant increases in exo deviation with increasing age regardless of head and/or gaze position. Nine of 23 presbyopic subjects gave erratic findings during fixation disparity testing and this casts doubt upon the clinical usefulness of this procedure with presbyopes. PMID- 3445887 TI - Effect of vertical prism imbalance on fixation performance. AB - It is well known that induced vertical imbalance will bring about deviation from central fixation in the vertical meridian. This study seeks to determine if vertical imbalance will affect the fixation performance in the horizontal meridian as well. For this purpose, a technique previously developed for monitoring fixation eccentricity was used. The technique, which is based on the effect of fixation eccentricity on border enhancement, is unaffected by adaptive changes in perceived visual direction. The results show a rapid increase in horizontal fixation misalignment with the first increments of vertical prism difference, followed by a slower increase for additional prism differences. When horizontal forced vergence was applied in addition, fixation misalignment increased throughout the range of vertical vergences. Similarly, vertical fusion misalignment was increased by horizontal fusion stress. It was concluded that forced vergence presented in one meridian will amplify any fusion misalignment that might exist in other meridians. This calls for a reevaluation of existing methods of assessing binocular fixation performance. PMID- 3445888 TI - Edge contrast sensitivity in optometric practice: an assessment of its efficacy in detecting visual dysfunction. AB - The utility of the Melbourne Edge Test (MET) in optometric practice was evaluated by screening 293 consecutive patients who presented for routine eye examination. The MET identified ocular abnormalities in 37 eyes. Of these, 36 also manifested a reduction of visual acuity. The incidence of "false positives" was 1.0%. The MET test failed to detect ocular abnormalities revealed by conventional examination techniques in 29 eyes (4.9%), of which 28 exhibited Snellen acuity losses. PMID- 3445889 TI - Synkinesis of accommodation and vergence in late-onset myopia. AB - The accommodative response (AR) to disparity-vergence and blur stimuli was determined for 45 subjects; 15 emmetropes, 15 late-onset myopes (LOM's), and 15 early-onset myopes (EOM's). The accommodative response was measured at approximately 1-s intervals for 50 s using an objective infrared optometer. Disparity-driven accommodation was induced by a 4 delta base-out prism at accommodative stimulus levels of 2.50 and 3.25 D. LOM's show significantly higher levels of disparity-induced accommodation when compared with the other two refractive groups. Blur-induced accommodation was produced by increasing the accommodative stimulus from 2.50 to 3.25 D with no concomitant change in vergence stimulus. EOM's exhibit less blur-induced accommodation compared with LOM's and emmetropes. These results are discussed with reference to differences in accommodation-vergence synkinesis between LOM's and EOM's, and in relation to the etiology of late-onset myopia. PMID- 3445890 TI - Traumatic optic neuropathy: anatomical and neurophysiological observations. AB - The case presented is that of a patient who developed optic atrophy after a fall involving head trauma in the orbital area. A diagnostic workup including electrophysiological testing and photodocumentation is presented. Testing identified frank optic neuropathy with normal retinal function. PMID- 3445891 TI - Visual improvement in an albinotic patient with an alteration of congenital nystagmus. AB - Biofeedback techniques were used to alter congenital nystagmus (CN) in an albino. In response to auditory cues, the patient was able to reduce the amplitude of the nystagmus by 50% or more. In response to a combination of auditory and visual cues, the patient was able to alter the waveform of the nystagmus in such a manner that progressively larger portions of each cycle of the nystagmus were spent with the eye relatively stationary. Presumably as a consequence of this alteration in waveform, the patient's visual acuity (VA) improved from 6/35 to 6/25. The results indicate that, although VA in albinos is limited ultimately by the presence of foveal hypoplasia, other components of the typical albinotic syndrome (such as the accompanying nystagmus) can add to the acuity reduction and should, therefore, be treated. PMID- 3445892 TI - A role for the vitreous humor in experimentally-induced myopia. AB - The refractive error observed in experimentally-induced myopia in chicks appears to occur as a result of expansion of the vitreous chamber. Fourteen days after the application of a goggle to one eye, the eye was myopic and had a greater volume of liquid vitreous than the non-myopic eye. The relative proportion of liquid to gel vitreous was also higher in the myopic eye than in the non-myopic eye. The results suggest that the vitreous humor plays a key role in the development of experimentally-induced myopia in chicks. PMID- 3445893 TI - Problems with normative contrast sensitivity functions. PMID- 3445894 TI - [Vision and posture. 6-7 February 1987, Paris. Proceedings]. PMID- 3445895 TI - [Oculomotoricity as an endo-input of the postural system]. PMID- 3445896 TI - [Extraocular proprioception as an element of postural reference and spatial coding of retinal information]. PMID- 3445897 TI - [Development of the visual system and proprioception of extraocular and cervical origin]. PMID- 3445898 TI - [Postural checkup]. PMID- 3445899 TI - [Ocular statics]. PMID- 3445900 TI - [Postural deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3445901 TI - [Directional scotometry and prismatic correction in postural deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3445902 TI - [Postural blindness]. PMID- 3445903 TI - [Version coordimetry, a complement of postural evaluation]. PMID- 3445904 TI - [Prismatic eyeglasses]. PMID- 3445905 TI - [Heparin therapy in pathologic obstetrical conditions associated with various forms of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 3445906 TI - [Characteristics of uterine hemodynamics in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy (data of vaginal bipolar rheography)]. PMID- 3445907 TI - [Problems of the physiologic mechanisms of developing levels of fetal activity]. PMID- 3445908 TI - [Prevention of the aspiration syndrome in obstetrical anesthesiology]. PMID- 3445909 TI - [Effect of smoking and nicotine on reproductive function (experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 3445910 TI - [Artificial insemination with a donor's sperm in preventing diseases with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance]. PMID- 3445911 TI - [Presence of various antimicrobial factors in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3445912 TI - [The role of an automated information system in examining pregnant women to estimate birth weight of newborn infants]. PMID- 3445913 TI - [Menstrual cycle and fertility after using hormonal and intrauterine contraceptive agents]. PMID- 3445914 TI - [Various disputable problems of gestoses]. PMID- 3445915 TI - [Thrombophilic conditions, thrombosis and thromboembolism in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 3445916 TI - [Effects of various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic agents on the mother and fetus (data for the health promotion propaganda)]. PMID- 3445917 TI - [Current methods of evaluating feto-placental circulation in uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3445918 TI - Electron microscopic studies on skin and lymphocytes in early juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - Skin and lymphocytes of three patients with early juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) were ultrastructurally investigated. Fingerprint profiles (FPP), isolated and/or mixed with curvilinear profiles (CLP), in various dermal cells and large, usually single lipopigments delineated by a trilaminar membrane and filled with a granular matrix, FPP and occasionally lipid droplets in lymphocytes were observed in all three patients. Characteristic lipopigments in lymphocytes are an important feature to differentiate between early juvenile NCL and late infantile and juvenile NCL. PMID- 3445919 TI - Electron microscopic observation of tonsillar tissue as a diagnostic aid in early juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - An electron microscopic observation in a tonsil of a patient with early juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) demonstrated characteristic lipopigments in lymphocytes, i.e., fingerprint profiles (FPP) and granular matrixes. While numerous FPP, curvilinear profiles (CLP) and granular matrixes were found in reticulo-endothelial and plasma cells, tonsillar lymphocytes contained only FPP and granular matrixes as seen in circulating lymphocytes. These findings suggest that a tonsil biopsy, an easy and simple technique, may provide more reliable information than a skin biopsy not only for the diagnosis of but also for differentiating the clinical forms of childhood NCL. PMID- 3445920 TI - Functional and morphometrical maturation of the brainstem auditory pathway. AB - The correlation between the functional and morphological maturation of the auditory pathway was studied in preterm and term infants, children and adults. As to the auditory brainstem response (ABR), peak latencies and I-V interpeak latencies (central transmission) gradually decreased during the third trimester and the first 2 years postnatally. The calculated pontine auditory conduction velocity (PACV) showed dramatic development, which may indicate a more precise auditory function. The PACV value at the age of 2-4 years was almost the same as that of adults. In a histomorphometrical study, the density of nerve cells in the cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus was found to decrease with age, that in the inferior colliculus decreasing more slowly. Myelination in the lateral lemniscus proceeded from the late fetal to the infantile period, and the myelin sheaths of large diameter increased mainly in the infantile period. Thus, on studying ABR in combination with the quantitative histomorphometrical investigation, the development of PACV was found to be related to the maturation of nerve cells in the upper nuclei corresponding to each latency as well as myelination of small and large fibers in the auditory pathway. PACV, which can be calculated by studying ABR and magnetic resonance imaging, may be used to assess more accurately the brainstem function in individual patients. PMID- 3445921 TI - Treatment of epileptic falling spells with ethosuximide. AB - We used ethosuximide as an adjunctive anticonvulsant drug in 19 children with multiple seizure types in whom the primary and most troubling seizure was falling to the ground. All patients were having multiple, daily falls, intractable to phenobarbital, valproic acid, and clonazepam. Seizures were characterized and quantitated by video-electroencephalographic telemetry. Twelve children became completely free of epileptic falls on ethosuximide. Four children showed a 50-75% decrease in the number of falls while 3 showed no change in frequency of falls. All children had an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) prior to starting ethosuximide with generalized bursts of spike and wave in a frequency range of 1 4 cycles per second (cps). The only EEG abnormality common to those patients who became free of epileptic falls with ethosuximide treatment was a generalized, synchronous 4 cps discharge. Our experience suggests that ethosuximide may be a valuable adjunctive treatment for epileptic falling spells that occur in the context of multiple seizure types. PMID- 3445922 TI - CT appearance of children in a persistent vegetative state. AB - A morphometric CT study was performed on 17 children who were in a persistent vegetative state. Four cases with compromised brain stem function (group 1) showed a significantly smaller lateral pontine ratio (LPR, width of pons/greatest internal diameter between temporal bone) than the remaining 13 cases with preserved brain stem function (group 2) and controls. LPR was considered a useful indicator of brain stem atrophy and to correlate well with brain stem function. PMID- 3445923 TI - The differential diagnosis of Reye syndrome: muscle biopsy evaluation. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of muscle biopsy to obtain a diagnosis of Reye syndrome (RS), muscle biopsies were performed in 10 patients, with definite RS (1 patient) and mimicking RS (9 patients) (Table 1). The muscle biopsy results were compared with those of liver biopsies in 7 patients including one patient with definite RS and 6 with mimicking RS. In 3 clinical RS patients, only a muscle biopsy was performed. In the patient with definite RS, oil red O positive lipid droplets were mildly increased in type 1 fibers, with no morphological abnormality of muscle mitochondria, whereas the liver biopsy specimen showed both centrinuclear fatty metamorphosis and mitochondrial abnormality, i.e., a typical RS pathology. Marked lipid accumulation in type 1 fibers and morphological abnormality of muscle mitochondria were observed in two patients with systemic carnitine deficiency and one of two patients with fulminant hepatitis without jaundice who showed mimicking RS clinically. Therefore, it is difficult to make a diagnosis of RS simply on the basis of the clinical findings and muscle morphology. PMID- 3445924 TI - Overnight polygraphic study of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. AB - Nine children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, aged 2-14 years, were studied by overnight polygraphy for one night. Percentage of sleep period time (SPT) for stage rapid eye movement (REM) and REM density during REM sleep decreased in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome as compared with control. Alpha rhythm was seen in only 3 cases and sleep spindles in only 6 cases. The effect of sleep-wake or REM-non-REM (NREM) sleep rhythm on the rate of generalized epileptiform discharges varied with the individual. Ictal discharges with or without clinical tonic seizures observed in 5 children appeared during NREM sleep and awakening in the morning, and in 2 of these cases they also occurred frequently during the NREM sleep of the first sleep cycle. Subclinical ictal discharges were also seen during REM sleep in the early morning in one case who was 2 years old. The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is assumed to involved a considerable degree of brain stem dysfunction. PMID- 3445925 TI - Familial histiocytic dermatoarthritis. Histologic and ultrastructural findings in two cases. AB - We report the clinical, histological, and ultrastructural study of two patients, mother and daughter, 32 and six years old, respectively, who presented with dermatitis and arthritis. From the clinical point of view, they appeared to be affected by Familial Histiocytic Dermatoarthritis (FHD), a diagnosis supported by the early age of onset, familial occurrence, and a typical ocular lesion in the mother (glaucoma, uveitis, and cataracts). However, histology revealed the presence of multinucleated giant cells that are usually associated with Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis (MR). Unlike MR, in the cases here reported the PAS positive, intracytoplasmic material appeared to be glycogen. Electron microscopy disclosed pleomorphic bodies, which have also been described in MR. Thus, we conclude that FHD and MR probably do not represent separate entities, and that a spectrum of disorders exists between these two conditions. PMID- 3445926 TI - Plasma cells within the infiltrate of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma of the skin. A confirmation of its histoprognostic value. AB - Plasma cells within the infiltrate of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma have been reported as a valuable criterion for the prediction of lymph node metastases. In order to evaluate plasma cells, their prognostic significance and their relationship with other clinical and histological parameters, 132 cases of malignant melanoma (29 plasma cell positive and 103 plasma cell negative) were studied. The Breslow thickness, location, and ulceration were the variables related to the presence of plasma cells. The most important variables in predicting survival were lymph node involvement, clinico-pathological type, age, plasma cells, and lymphatic emboli. The most important variables for disease-free interval were lymph node involvement, plasma cells, and age. PMID- 3445927 TI - Assessment of aging and actinic damages by cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings. AB - Cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping is a simple noninvasive approach that is useful in the evaluation of a number of changes affecting the skin during aging and chronic sun exposure. The procedure has proved to be especially valuable in the diagnosis of some inflammatory, xerotic, neoplastic, and dermal atrophic changes. It can also be used to monitor therapy. The technique of computerized image analysis is also conveniently applied to such material. PMID- 3445928 TI - Effect of testosterone and anabolic steroids on the size of sebaceous glands in power athletes. AB - The effect of testosterone and anabolic steroids on the size of sebaceous glands was studied by means of interactive morphometry in skin biopsies of power athletes. The subjects used self-administered high doses of testosterone and anabolic steroids during a 4-week strength training period. After 4 weeks' use of hormones, the area of sectioned sebaceous glands enlarged significantly by a factor of 89.2% (p less than 0.005). The number of cells in the so-called differentiating cell pool (DCP) and in the undifferentiated cell pool (UCP) also increased significantly (p less than 0.025, p less than 0.05, respectively). The size of the area occupied by UCP cells increased significantly (p less than 0.05). The study suggests that high doses of testosterone and anabolic steroids lead to an enlargement of sebaceous glands in male power athletes. PMID- 3445929 TI - Relapsing eruptive multiple Spitz nevi or metastatic spitzoid malignant melanoma? AB - An unusual case of multiple relapsing Spitz nevus (SN) in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism is described. It arose initially as a single lesion, and recurred twice as multiple agminated lesions that maintained the same histological pattern as the original SN. Nevertheless, the clinical behavior led to a diagnosis of metastasis from malignant melanoma at another medical institution. This case emphasizes the need for relying on accurate histopathological criteria to distinguish SN from malignant melanoma if inappropriate and detrimental therapeutic procedures are to be avoided. PMID- 3445930 TI - The "Georgian ulcers": a prolidase deficiency condition? PMID- 3445931 TI - Eccrine sweat glands and ducts in keratoacanthomas. PMID- 3445932 TI - [Technics of artificial reproduction. Biological and ethical commentary]. PMID- 3445933 TI - Quantitative determination and stability of lisuride hydrogen maleate in pharmaceutical preparations using thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3445934 TI - Isolation of codeine and norcodeine from microbial transformation liquors by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3445935 TI - Determination of stanozolol in tablets by derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3445936 TI - Determination of five components in a pharmaceutical formulation using near infrared reflectance spectrophotometry. PMID- 3445937 TI - Determination of lead in sheep's blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using a modified chelation and extraction procedure. PMID- 3445938 TI - Determination of lead in blood using electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry with a L'vov platform and matrix modifier. PMID- 3445939 TI - Determination of cyanide using a microdiffusion technique and potentiometric measurement. PMID- 3445940 TI - Amperometric alcohol sensor based on an immobilised bacteria cell membrane. PMID- 3445941 TI - Determination of propetamphos and diazinon residues in sheep's wool. PMID- 3445942 TI - Use of potassium iodate for thin-layer chromatographic detection of sulphur containing organophosphorus insecticides. PMID- 3445943 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II) in vitamin preparations, alloys and ores using phenanthraquinone monothiosemicarbazone. PMID- 3445944 TI - [General anesthesia, artificial ventilation of the lungs and pulmonary gas exchange during the operations on the trachea, bronchi and lungs under hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3445945 TI - [Changes in cerebral circulation in neurosurgical patients during general anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 3445946 TI - [Adequacy of the various types of general anesthesia in surgical interventions for the correction of facial bone deformities]. PMID- 3445947 TI - [Comparative evaluation of metabolism in pulsatile and non-pulsatile artificial circulation]. PMID- 3445948 TI - [A simple method of assisted circulation]. PMID- 3445949 TI - [Relation between pulmonary ventilation and the method and parameters of high frequency artificial respiration and mechanical properties of the lungs (model studies)]. PMID- 3445950 TI - [Study of the pressure gradient in high-frequency artificial ventilation using an experimental model of the lung of a newborn infant]. PMID- 3445951 TI - [Circulatory arrest as a complication in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 3445952 TI - [Effectiveness and limits of resuscitation of elderly persons with chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Remote results and psychosocial aspects]. PMID- 3445953 TI - [Changes in the respiratory function of the blood as a risk factor of unfavorable outcome in patients with critical conditions]. PMID- 3445954 TI - [A method of hemosorption in infectious diseases with the symptoms of hypocoagulation, intracranial hypertension and brain edema]. PMID- 3445955 TI - [Pharmacological protection of the liver from ischemia]. PMID- 3445956 TI - [Characteristics of the changes in central hemodynamics in patients with severe mechanical trauma in relation to the nature of the injuries]. PMID- 3445957 TI - [Dielectric permeability of the blood and plasma in patients with acute renal failure and acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 3445958 TI - [A complication of long-term nasotracheal intubation]. PMID- 3445959 TI - [Conduction anesthesia in operations on the arms]. PMID- 3445960 TI - [Experience with using long-term epidural anesthesia in the surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3445961 TI - [Mechanical heart massage]. PMID- 3445962 TI - [Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia with ketamine in parturients of a high-risk group]. PMID- 3445963 TI - The effect of piperazine adipate and parbendazole on the carbohydrate metabolism of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism of Ascardia galli and Heterakis gallinae was studied after their exposure in vitro to 10(-2) to 10(-5) M piperazine adipate and parbendazole for 10 to 60 min. Following treatment with 10(-2) M piperazine adipate O2 uptake was reduced by 87% in A. galli and 70% in H. gallinae, while parbendazole (10(-2) M) reduced O2 uptake by 70% and 86%, respectively. Glycogen contents were reduced significantly by 10(-2) M piperazine adipate in both the worms, while lactic acid level was enhanced. Parbendazole, however, did not cause any significant change in glycogen contents and lactic acid level in either parasite. PMID- 3445964 TI - [Wound myiasis in cattle infested by Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]. AB - A case report on facultative wound myiasis after sectio caesarea in a cow by larvae of Lucilia caesar in May 1986. PMID- 3445965 TI - Cell biology of the testis and epididymis. Proceedings of the Ninth Testis Workshop. Nashville, Tennessee, October 1986. PMID- 3445966 TI - Genes for chromosomal proteins expressed before and after meiosis. AB - Cloned gene sequences have been isolated for two testis-specific chromosomal proteins, one of which, histone (H1t), appears during meiosis, whereas the other, transition protein 1 (TP1), appears only during the later steps of spermatid development. Aspects of the regulation of each gene have been examined. In the case of H1t, analysis of its promoter region shows that it contains excellent matches to each of the four sequence homologies identified for the usual somatic H1 variants, so that the factor(s) that restrict H1t expression to spermatocytes remain a mystery. In the case of TP1, a cDNA clone allowed identification of its message by Northern blots as well as by in situ hybridization. The message appears postmeiotically in late round spermatids but is translationally repressed until the spermatid nucleus begins to condense. PMID- 3445967 TI - Expression of sperm-specific genes during nematode spermatogenesis. PMID- 3445968 TI - An automated perifusion system for the study of rat spermatogenesis in vitro. AB - We report details of an automated perifusion system for the study of spermatogenesis in vitro. A potential of this new system is the evaluation of hormone/growth factor effects on the mitotic clonal expansion of spermatogonia and the meiotic and postmeiotic clonal differentiation of spermatogenic cells in coculture with Sertoli cells and in incubated seminiferous tubular segments. PMID- 3445969 TI - Androgen-regulated epididymal secretory proteins associated with post-testicular sperm development. AB - A considerable body of information has now been assembled with regard to the major androgen-dependent secretory proteins of the rat epididymis. The proteins have been purified, specific antibodies have been developed against them, and their primary structure has been determined from cDNA clones. The antibody and cDNA probes have, in turn, been used to study the androgenic regulation of the synthesis and secretion of the proteins, the distribution of the proteins in various tissues and animal species, and the association of the proteins with the sperm surface during epididymal maturation. Despite this intensive effort, the precise physiological functions of the proteins still remain obscure, although circumstantial evidence indicates that glycoproteins D and E may be associated with surface receptors responsible for gamete recognition. Elucidation of the physiological roles of the proteins is clearly the area that warrants the greatest attention in future work. PMID- 3445970 TI - Diffusion and the control of membrane regionalization. PMID- 3445971 TI - Rearrangement of sperm surface antigens prior to fertilization. AB - During spermiogenesis and epididymal transit, proteins on the sperm surface become localized to specific domains. In at least one case (PH-20), the protein is initially inserted throughout the membrane and subsequently becomes restricted to a domain by some mechanism that has not yet been determined. Other proteins could become localized through localized insertion. The sperm surface is a dynamic structure that is altered even after the spermatozoon leaves the male. In the female reproductive tract the spermatozoa undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction that enables them to fertilize the egg. Both of these processes are accompanied by alterations in protein localization: the PT-1 protein migrates during capacitation, and the PH-20 protein migrates after the acrosome reaction. In addition, an upregulation of the surface expression of PH-20 occurs during the acrosome reaction. This additional PH-20 is incorporated into the plasma membrane by the irreversible fusion of the acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane. The acrosomal membrane contains PH-20 protein that has been stored there since the formation of the acrosome at the spermatid stage of spermiogenesis. Proteins that are freely diffusing must be maintained in a domain by a mechanism that does not involve immobilization or slowing of protein diffusion. We have suggested that barriers to membrane protein diffusion exist at the equatorial region, the posterior ring, and the annulus and that they are responsible for maintaining a localized distribution of at least some of the surface proteins. The migration of surface proteins could result from an alteration of these barriers, a change in the protein structure so that it can pass through the barrier, or active transport across the barrier. These observed changes in surface expression (localization and the level of expression) may be acting to control surface function post-testicularly. PMID- 3445972 TI - Fucosylation events during mammalian spermatogenesis. AB - It will be necessary to conduct further studies to establish more precisely the localization of FT on mouse male germ cells. Antibodies to FTs are not yet available, so an immunocytochemical approach is not currently feasible. Additional cell fractionation protocols can be designed to compare plasma membrane fractions with enriched fractions of Golgi apparatus and to compare directly the activities of multiple glycosyltransferase enzymes and Golgi specific markers in these preparations. Schachter et al. and Nyquist and colleagues have already provided experimental techniques for the isolation of Golgi fractions of good purity from rodent pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. Ample opportunity exists, then, for a detailed analysis of the number, specificity, and localization of FT enzymes during mammalian spermatogenesis. All available data imply that these enzymes will prove to be vital components in the differentiation of cells within the seminiferous epithelium. PMID- 3445973 TI - Gene expression during spermatogenesis. PMID- 3445974 TI - [Limited mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Early conservative surgical treatment]. AB - Nine patients with early phase mandibular osteoradionecrosis received conservative treatment involving closure with mucosal and periosteal graft. Early intervention and the limited nature of the osteoradionecrosis are the two fundamental elements for a successful outcome to this conservative therapy, thus avoiding progression to an extensive form requiring interruption mandibulectomy. PMID- 3445975 TI - [Locoregional anesthesia by peri-dural route in neck surgery]. AB - Principal anatomical "targets" and physiological consequences of cervical epidural anesthesia are outlined, technic and aims of the method discussed and 53 patients (class ASA I and II) receiving major cervical surgery, mainly for cancer, reviewed. Effectiveness of cervical epidural anesthesia was rated as excellent for total pharyngo-laryngectomy, with or without flaps, total laryngectomy, lymph node curettage and thyroidectomy, moderate for reconstructive laryngectomy and only fair for transmaxillary buccopharyngectomy. Advantages of the method concern principally the postoperative period: immediate awakening (92% of cases) in the operating room whatever the duration of surgery, avoiding intensive care, and pain relief for at least 48 hours (85% of cases) by maintenance of catheter. Contraindications include hypocoagulability, local or general infection and impossibility of adjusting heart rate, and the method is not applicable for all patients in whom general anesthesia with assisted ventilation is contraindicated. PMID- 3445976 TI - [Radiological evaluation of major aplasias of the ear]. AB - Results of radiologic, radiotomographic and CT scan imaging of patients with major aplasias of ear are presented. In the absence of an indication for functional surgery these explorations allow evaluation of the risk of an epithelial inclusion within an undetected anlage of external auditory canal. When functional surgery is indicated results of these investigations allow assessment of pneumatization of petrous bone, possibility of construction of a new external auditory canal, and the internal ear. Study of middle ear is still insufficient in the region of the ossicula, particularly the fenestrae and stapes. PMID- 3445977 TI - [Plastic surgery of aplasia of the external ear. Apropos of 65 cases]. AB - Principles underlying reconstructive surgery of external ear for major aplasia are described and results presented for 65 patients treated using a cartilaginous framework of a costal autograft as described by B. Brent. Possibilities are discussed of combining this technic with auditory function surgery and the wearing of an auditory prosthesis within the framework of general care of major aplasias. PMID- 3445978 TI - [Functional surgery of major aplasia of the ear. Apropos of 109 patients]. AB - Based on data from 109 patients operated upon for 125 major aplasias of ear, clinical and operative aspects and results of surgery are analysed. Functional prognosis is related essentially to the nature of the stapes, normal in 66% of cases, and the quality of healing of the newly formed canal. One auditive result out of four in cases of unilateral aplasia and one out of two in bilateral cases constituted the proportion of patients obtaining socially valuable postoperative auditive gain. Functional surgery for aplasia of ear should therefore be reserved mainly for bilateral forms because of the lack of any alternative to apparatus wearing. PMID- 3445979 TI - [New tympanomastoid repair in open technics: Galea's flap]. AB - After an anatomical review, the authors describe the method for obtaining the temporo-parietal facial flap and its particularities in the rehabilitation of the canal down technic. The main indications of this flap are: the rehabilitation of unstable cavities, a Palva's flap alternation, a solution to the filling up after petrectomy or enlarged canal down technic. PMID- 3445980 TI - [Laryngeal dyspnea of infectious origin in the adult. Apropos of 54 cases]. AB - Principal etiologies in 54 patients with acute laryngeal dyspnea of infectious origin were epiglottitis (35 cases), glotto-subglottal laryngitis (8 cases) and adjacent infections (9 cases). These cases are reviewed together with the relevant published literature and various conclusions drawn. The affection is serious (35 deaths out of 425 cases in the literature), and requires careful examination, immediate treatment and routine hospital care under surveillance. Apart from cases where the condition of the patient necessitates urgent intubation, those cases with rapidly evolving signs over 24 hours must be admitted to intensive care since worsening of dyspnea can lead to delayed decompensation. Wide spectrum antibiotic therapy is necessary for patients with epiglottitis and adjacent infective ulcerations since many germs may be implicated, while for the always benign glotto-subglottal laryngitis Amoxicillin + clavulinic acid is sufficient. PMID- 3445981 TI - [Our attitude in functional vocal pathology]. AB - After underlining the frequency of organic lesions observed in functional diseases of vocal cords, emphasis is placed on the importance of the phonetogram in their evaluation and video-laryngo-stroboscopic investigation in their diagnosis. When surgery is necessary, stainless steel instruments are preferred to the laser. Respective isolated or associated vocal reeducational and surgical indications are discussed, and the establishment of a team including laryngologist, phoniatrist and orthophonist recommended to ensure most effective results. PMID- 3445982 TI - [Ghost curves and early auditory evoked potentials. Role of temporary deafness]. AB - Phantom ear responses, contralateral to the transducer (head-phone), can be observed during recording of early evoked auditory potentials, as in conventional audiometry, and can ease the problem of temporary deafness. Their appearance obeys laws common to audiometric tests, stimulus transfer to the opposite ear being through bone of cranium with attenuation inversely proportional to bony surface at level of transducer. However, the analogy between conventional and objective audiometry stops there. Normally, the electrophysiologic V wave response is not present or absent alone, as would be a voluntary response of the patient, but varies by its latency and amplitude as a function of intensity and nature of stimulus. These supplementary criteria should make identification simple, allow an abnormal response to be recognized and indications for treatment of the temporary deafness to be better defined. This is illustrated by the present study of 50 cases of unilateral kophosis, using a TDM 39 transducer employed most commonly in both objective and conventional audiometry. PMID- 3445983 TI - [Trichothiodystrophy]. AB - Trichothiodystrophy is a congenital dysplasia of hairs characterized by: a pathognomonic image of the hair shaft under polarized light (the hair is plaited with alternately dark and light oblique bands) and trichoschisis with a clear-cut break; a deficiency of sulphurated aminoacids in the hair. We report a case where trichothiodystrophy was associated with abnormalities of the nails, teeth and eyes, growth and mental retardation, neurological syndrome and hypogonadism. From this case and a review of the cases published so far the following points emerge: 1. Congenital abnormalities of the neuroectodermal system are frequent. They include: skin lesions, such as ichthyosis, photosensitivity and atopic eczema; ungueal dysplasia; dysmorphic syndrome; growth and mental retardation; hypogonadism; neurological and ophthalmic abnormalities. 2. The condition seems to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. A common element, dysplasia, enables us to include in the same nosological group as trichothiodystrophy a number of other pathological conditions, viz.: syndromes hitherto described under various names but almost identical, such as Brown's syndrome and BIDS syndrome (brittle hair, intellectual deficit, decreased fertility, small stature); IBIDS and PIBIDS syndromes which, in addition to the former, comprise ichthyosis and photosensitivity, as well as Tay's syndrome (characterized by the presence in all cases of ichthyosis associated with hair dysplasia); and perhaps some anecdotic cases with either a pathognomonic image under polarized light or a suggestive biochemical profile. Finally, since typical trichothiodystrophy has been reported in patients with Siemens' syndrome or with Marviesco-Sjogren syndrome, these two syndromes may perhaps also be classified in the same category, as borderline forms of the disease. PMID- 3445984 TI - [Retinoids and the prevention of cutaneous epitheliomas: 1977-1987]. AB - In 1977 we undertook a prospective study aimed at evaluating the preventive effects of a retinoid (etretinate, Roche) on the occurrence of skin carcinomas in dermatoses carrying a high risk of malignancy. Ten patients were included in the study: 4 had Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), 4 had basal cell naevus syndrome (BCN), and there was 1 case each of porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) and familial epitheliomatosis of Ferguson-Smith (EFS). All recorded carcinomas had been cured before treatment was initiated. The number of epitheliomas which developed during treatment with etretinate was compared with the number of epitheliomas recorded during the months or years preceding this treatment or during trial periods without treatment. The results obtained were very encouraging: 1. In patients with XP the actinic keratosis rapidly regressed, and the dryness of the skin was markedly reduced during the 5 years under etretinate. During the period without etretinate skin dryness and multiple actinic keratosis soon reappeared, as did, in one case, numerous basal cell carcinomas (BCC). However, etretinate did not prevent the occurrence of a malignant melanoma and of a few lesions of lentigo and naevus. 2. In the first case of BCN concerning two sisters, one treated the other untreated, less BCC lesions and, mainly, less BCN lesions were recorded in the sister treated than in the untreated sister. In the second case of BCN 28 BCC lesions developed while the patient was under observation without any treatment during 6 months, whereas only 31 BCC lesions had been recorded during 6 years under etretinate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3445985 TI - [Purpuric palmar sites of dermatitis herpetiformis]. PMID- 3445986 TI - [Polyserositis associated with localized scleredema (Buschke's scleredema?]. PMID- 3445987 TI - [Piezogenic cellulo-adipose hernia of the leg]. PMID- 3445988 TI - [A case for diagnosis. Purpura of mechanical origin]. PMID- 3445989 TI - [Anthralin]. PMID- 3445990 TI - [Thermal behavior of norethisterone acetate and its interaction with ethinylestradiol]. PMID- 3445991 TI - [Determination of urinary genotoxicity: application to the detection of smoking and/or occupational exposure]. PMID- 3445992 TI - [Influence of various drugs proposed as immunostimulants on barbituric sleeping time in mice]. PMID- 3445993 TI - [Changes in conessine in stem bark of Holarrhena floribunda in Burkina Faso]. PMID- 3445994 TI - [Cutaneous antiseptic action of a stabilized and pressurized aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide 3%]. PMID- 3445995 TI - [Use of blue-Trisacryl M for purifying transferrin from human plasma]. PMID- 3445996 TI - [Do troxerutin and sodium rutin sulfate still possess the properties of rutin?]. PMID- 3445997 TI - [Experimental toxicological study of the effect of methimazole, a synthetic antithyroid drug, on hemoglobin]. PMID- 3445998 TI - Changing patterns of infectious diseases in Singapore. PMID- 3445999 TI - Nosocomial infections in a neurosurgery department. AB - A three month prospective survey of nosocomial infections in a Neurosurgery Department was carried out. Results showed that the overall nosocomial infection rate was 6.7 per 100 patient discharges with the rate of infected patients being 4.6 per 100 discharges. Patients in intensive care had two times the risk of acquiring a nosocomial infection then patients in non-intensive care. Both respiratory tract and urinary tract infections accounted for the majority (89.1%) of the nosocomial infections. 69.7% of lower respiratory tract infections were associated with the use of endotracheal tube and/or ventilatory assistance. Similarly, 87.5% of urinary tract infections were associated with the use of indwelling catheters. It is hoped that preventive measures introduced or reemphasized just before and after the study will serve to further lower the nosocomial infection rate in the Neurosurgery Department. PMID- 3446000 TI - Surveillance of food poisoning and other food-borne diseases in Singapore. AB - The more important food-borne diseases in Singapore are food poisoning, enteric fever, cholera and hepatitis A. Bacterial food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus is prevalent, but chemical poisoning due to ingestion of toxic plants and animals is uncommon. Enteric fevers have been brought under control. An increasing proportion of the cases reported in recent years were imported from Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Cholera continues to be introduced into the country with sporadic cases reported from time to time. Hepatitis A remains an important food-borne disease involving predominantly the adolescents and young adults. Consumption of raw and partially-cooked cockles has been associated with both sporadic transmission and periodic outbreaks of hepatitis A. Prevention and control strategies implemented include surveillance and outbreak investigation, food control and legislation, health education and maintenance of a high standard of environmental sanitation. PMID- 3446001 TI - Leptospirosis risk in public cleansing and sewer workers. AB - The degree of leptospirosis risk was investigated in 80 sewer and 120 public cleansing workers. They were interviewed and their serum samples tested for the presence of leptospiral antibodies by the sensitised erythrocyte lysis (SEL) test. Another 100 control subjects matched by sex, age and ethnic group were similarly studied. The study subjects had higher seroprevalence than the controls -over six times higher for SEL titres of greater than 1:100 and over 1.5 times for titres of greater than 1:25. The highest seroprevalence was found in workers cleaning wet markets and food centres. There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of positive titres and symptom prevalence or hospitalisation. Five of the study subjects (all sewer workers) gave a history of jaundice. PMID- 3446002 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in psychiatric in-patients in Singapore: a pilot study. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among 71 patients in an adult psychiatric hospital was determined by testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), its antibody (anti-HBs) and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The results showed 12.7 per cent positive for HBsAg, 63.4 per cent positive for anti HBs and 69 per cent positive for anti-HBc. This assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B in a group of adult long-term institutional patients may be used as a guide when hepatitis B vaccination is being considered for use in a psychiatric hospital. The need for a similar study on health care personnel working in the same institution is emphasized. PMID- 3446003 TI - Epidemiology of syphilis in Singapore over three decades (1955-1986). AB - The overall incidence of syphilis in the last three decades has decreased from 93.3 cases per 100,000 population in 1955 to 42.5 in 1986 amidst fluctuations in between. The decrease from 1955 to 1965 might be related to the widespread use of penicillins. The increase from 1965 to 1973 could be attributed to the influx of tourists and the use of Singapore as a rest and recreation centre during the Vietnam war period; better reporting system; and waning herd immunity as a result of disappearance of yaws. The introduction of the Medical Scheme and better contact tracing methods might account for the drop from 1974 to 1979. In the last 7 years, there was some fluctuations in the overall incidence, but the incidence of early infectious syphilis rose from 10 per 100,000 in 1979 to 29 in 1986 with the greatest increase in the female patients with early latent syphilis. Female prostitutes contributed a substantial proportion of all the cases of early infectious cases, accounting for 32% of all the cases in 1984. Moreover, female prostitutes were cited as the main source of contact, 46% in a local study. The incidence rate of congenital syphilis remained low over the last three decades, averaging 0.36 per 1000 live births. Both early and late syphilis occurred most commonly in the 20-29-year-old age group. The male to female ratio changed from 3.5 in 1976 to one in 1986 for early infectious syphilis while the ratio for late syphilis was 0.7 in 1976 and 1 in 1986. The closing of the gap reflects better clinic acceptance by both sexes, good contact tracing and better public health education. PMID- 3446004 TI - Acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Acyclovir is a highly potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus, and has a remarkably low toxicity for normal host cells. It is now available as an ophthalmic ointment, skin cream and oral and intravenous formulations. Clinical trials in the past few years have shown acyclovir to be clinically useful in the therapy of certain aspects of genital herpes infection. Acyclovir has also been shown to be useful in herpes zoster, especially in immunocompromised patients. A retrospective study on the use of acyclovir was carried out on 14 patients with first episode genital herpes and 3 patients with eczema herpeticum. In patients with genital herpes, relief of symptoms was experienced within three days of treatment and lesions showed healing within five to seven days of treatment. Two out of the three patients with eczema herpeticum showed dramatic response to acyclovir; the lesions healed completely after six days of treatment. PMID- 3446005 TI - A flea-borne outbreak of dermatitis. AB - In April 1986, an outbreak of pruritic rash occurred among workers in a warehouse in Jurong and affected 18 out of the 46 workers within one week. The rash was papular and distributed mainly over the thighs, abdomen and the upper limbs. Epidemiological investigations were carried out to determine the cause of the outbreak and the mode of transmission. As the warehouse was colonised by a local species of wild birds (Mynahs) and badly littered with bird-droppings during the outbreak period, samples of bird excreta and feathers were sent for identification of tick, mite, flea and other ectoparasites. The aetiology of the outbreak was confirmed when a flea caught from the body of one of the affected workers was identified as Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank), a bird-flea. Furthermore, when the bird-droppings were cleaned up and the premises fogged with insecticide and made bird-proof, no further case of dermatitis was reported. This is the first documented report of a bird-flea causing an outbreak of dermatitis in Singapore. PMID- 3446006 TI - Recurrent viruses in a Singapore intensive pig farming estate. AB - The Ponggol intensive pig farming estate was conceived approximately 10 years ago to accommodate pig farms resettled from water catchment areas. Initially stocking density of the estate was 1300-1500 pigs per hectare (ha) and the total pig population in the estate was 200,000. Over the past 10 years the numbers of pigs have increased to 400,000 and the stocking density of the big commercial units have increased to 1500-2500 per ha. With such intensive methods of husbandry environmental problems of waste disposal and recurrent viral diseases have emerged as the most important factors influencing the viability of the industry and the efficiency of productivity. The highly infectious viruses most frequently identified were the Aujeszky's disease virus (herpesviridae), swine fever virus (togaviridae) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (coronaviridae). The incidence of these diseases have affected the health status of the pigs over the past years. It is also significant that swine influenza and Japanese encephalitis which are diseases of public health importance have not been found to be recurring clinical entities within the estate. The knowledge of these viral diseases within a closely knit pig population could throw some light as to the impact these representative families of viruses might have under conditions of widespread viral persistence within a dense population of susceptible hosts. PMID- 3446007 TI - Histoid leprosy in Singapore. AB - Histoid leprosy is a rare variant of lepromatous leprosy. This is the first documented case of histoid leprosy in Singapore. The patient was diagnosed as borderline leprosy in 1973, remained untreated and progressed to lepromatous leprosy. The characteristic histoid lesions were firm pruriginous nodules on the dorsum of his feet. The histology showed a pseudocapsulated tumour with fibroblasts and histiocytes filled with lepra bacilli. Electron microscopy showed fibroblasts, macrophages with bacilli and plasmacytoid cells with active endoplasmic reticulum. He was found to be dapsone-resistant and the lesions cleared with clorphazimine. Immunological defects were not detected. PMID- 3446008 TI - Erythema nodosum leprosum in Singapore. AB - Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) or Type II reaction is an immune complex syndrome seen in multibacillary leprosy. 20 patients with histological confirmation of ENL in leprosy were studied from 1982 to 1986. These patients had a range of clinical signs, from fever, tender dusky nodules, bullae, ulcers to lymphadenopathy, arthralgia and neuritis. The four major histological patterns are: a) classical pattern showing heavy infiltrations of neutrophils in three cases, b) sub epidermal bulla pattern with marked oedema of the upper dermis, and collections of neutrophils in five cases, c) vasculitis pattern, affecting superficial and mid-dermal vessels, leading to epidermal necrosis, bulla formation and ulceration. Dilated vessels, congestion, lumenal fibrin clots and fibrinoid necrosis of vessels were seen, d) non-specific picture in nine cases with mild oedema, infiltration with neutrophils, and two cases with minimal reaction had chronic ENL with clinical vasculitis. All the five cases with vasculitis showed C1q, C3 and fibrinogen in the vessels. Comparing ENL reactions reported in Asia, our pattern is similar to that of Malaysians with the majority showing sub epidermal oedema. Vasculitis is more common in India. Oedema with collagen necrosis as seen in acute ENL with iritis in New Guinea. The Lucio's phenomenon was not seen in any of the countries in Asia. PMID- 3446009 TI - Human rabies in Hong Kong: a case review. AB - Five human rabies cases were reported in Hong Kong between 1980 and 1984. A review of their clinical data showed only 2 had a definite history of dog bite, while 3 were residents in the infected area. The human outbreak concurred with the epizootic of canine rabies. However, only two cases were diagnosed ante mortem. Two cases were not even suspected as rabies until proven by post mortem pathological examination. Three of five cases presented as non-specific encephalitis. All the patients died, despite the administration of specific anti rabies treatment in two cases. Close liaison between the clinician, epidemiologist and pathologist is essential in the management of suspected rabies. Though rabies control is the primary responsibility of the epidemiologist, surveillance data especially in respect of the occurrence of epizootics and human outbreaks as well as the area of infection should be useful to the clinician in patient management. PMID- 3446010 TI - An unusual case of peritonitis. AB - Though peritonitis is a common complication in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), tuberculous peritonitis has been reported in only twelve CAPD patients in the world English literature to date. Successful outcome in those reported cases involved antituberculous therapy and in the majority, catheter removal and conversion to maintenance haemodialysis. We report in this article our first case of tuberculous peritonitis in a CAPD patient. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy in our patient and she improved with antituberculous therapy. CAPD was continued without interruption. In haemodialysis patients, mortality from tuberculosis is reported to be high due to atypical presentation and delay in diagnosis. To avoid this delay, we recommend that the clinician have high index of suspicion for tuberculous peritonitis in CAPD patients with sterile peritonitis. Early diagnosis carries a good prognosis, and CAPD need not necessarily be discontinued in these patients. PMID- 3446011 TI - Mapping of the gene coding for the human liver/bone/kidney isozyme of alkaline phosphatase to chromosome 1. AB - The gene coding for the liver/bone/kidney isozyme of alkaline phosphatase, ALPL, has been mapped to human chromosome 1 using a monoclonal antibody TRA-2-54/2J and electrophoretic analysis to distinguish between the human and rodent isozymes in human/rodent somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 3446012 TI - Clinical and genetic studies in six Dutch kindreds with the dysplastic naevus syndrome. AB - In an ancient fishing village in the neighbourhood of Leiden a cluster of melanoma-prone families was detected. In these families atypical precursor naevi were recognizable in many melanoma patients and in their relatives. This combination of symptoms is called the Dysplastic Naevus Syndrome (DNS). The spectrum of clinical signs characterizing the phenotype of the DNS ranged from apparent lack of gene-expression through minimal to obvious manifestations. Genetic analysis of six pedigrees revealed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, with a very variable expressivity of the gene, which is also rather frequently non-penetrant. The total number of family members (affected or at risk) was 314, 243 of which were alive and were personally examined by us. In the six pedigrees a total of 33 patients with melanoma occurred. In thirty patients with multiple atypical naevi, the clinical diagnosis of DNS was histologically verified. A further thirty-six patients with several atypical naevi were also regarded as gene carriers. Fifteen 'normal' individuals had to be gene-carriers on the basis of their position in the pedigree. PMID- 3446013 TI - A method of subdividing genetic data into self-contained subsets. AB - A method of subdividing genetic data into self-contained subsets has been described in terms of examples. The subsets are such that each of them permits a valid estimate of the parameter concerned. Hence, the discarding of one or more subsets would not affect the validity of the remaining data. The detailed statistical properties of such subsets await further investigation. There is a need to simplify the variance formulas for estimates based on partial data. PMID- 3446014 TI - Estimation of inbreeding parameters in stratified populations. AB - A clarification is given of the differences in approaches to the estimation of F statistics of Nei & Chesser [Ann. Hum. Genet. (1983) 47, 253-259] and Cockerham [Genetics (1973) 74, 679-700]. The principal difference is that Nei & Chesser define quantities with respect to fixed extant populations, while Cockerham allows for evolutionary variation between populations. Weighted and unweighted analyses are compared, and a numerical example given. PMID- 3446015 TI - A test statistic for the affected-sib-set method. AB - This paper discusses generalizations of the affected-sib-pair method. First, the requirement that sib identity-by-descent relations be known unambiguously is relaxed by substituting sib identity-by-state relations. This permits affected sibs to be used even when their parents are unavailable for typing. In the limit of an infinite number of marker alleles each of infinitesimal population frequency, the identity-by-state relations coincide with the usual identity-by descent relations. Second, a weighted pairs test statistic is proposed that covers affected sib sets of size greater than two. These generalizations make the affected-sib-pair method a more powerful technique for detecting departures from independent segregation of disease and marker phenotypes. A sample calculation suggests such a departure for tuberculoid leprosy and the HLA D locus. PMID- 3446016 TI - Antiviral effects of dihydroxypropyladenine [RS)-DHPA) and bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) on plant viruses. AB - Two established antiviral agents, dihydroxypropyladenine (RS)-DHPA and bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 4 plant viruses: Tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X (PVX), eggplant mosaic virus (EMV) and a potyvirus isolated from Solanum palinacanthum (Poty-Sp). Using the leaf disc incubation test, BVDU proved virtually inactive while (RS)-DHPA efficiently inhibited EMV and Poty-Sp when applied at concentrations as low as 5 mg/l. TMV was less susceptible to the chemical while PVX could be inhibited at drug concentrations of 100 mg/l. To achieve a similar inhibitory effect in the leaf spray test, concentrations up to 250 and 500 mg/l were required. Using these tests no phytotoxicity was observed with (RS)-DHPA at any of the concentrations used. PMID- 3446017 TI - Main properties of duck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase: comparison with the human and woodchuck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerases. AB - The main properties of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA polymerase have been studied and compared with those of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and of the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerases. All 3 enzymes are active under high salt conditions in the presence of high magnesium concentration. DHBV DNA polymerase was found less sensitive to ethanol and to operate at higher optimal pH than the HBV and WHV DNA polymerases. Like the other two viral endogenous DNA polymerases, the DHBV enzyme was strongly inhibited by phosphonoformic acid but not by aphidicolin, sulfhydryl group blockers or phosphonoacetic acid. Inhibition of DHBV DNA polymerase by the triphosphate derivatives of several nucleoside analogs appeared similar to that reported for HBV or WHV endogenous polymerase. FIACTP was the most, and ACVTP the least effective inhibitor; BVdUTP was of intermediary potency; araCTP and araTTP had a greater inhibitory effect on DHBV DNA polymerase than HBV or WHV DNA polymerase. The similarities in the properties of DHBV and HBV DNA polymerase justify the use of the duck hepatitis B polymerase model for screening and evaluation of potentially active drugs against HBV infection. PMID- 3446018 TI - [Oncocytomas of the kidney: demonstration of a polycystic form]. PMID- 3446019 TI - [Needle cytopuncture during fibroscopy in the diagnosis of bronchial tumors]. PMID- 3446020 TI - [Nodular indurations of the perineum or accessory testes in cyclists. Pathological anatomy and pathogenic discussion]. PMID- 3446021 TI - [Isolated subcutaneous meningioma. Apropos of an anatomoclinical case]. PMID- 3446022 TI - [Epidermoid cancer of the breast. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 3446023 TI - [Granulomatous mastitis. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 3446024 TI - [Contribution of the anatomo-pathologist specializing in the morphological evaluation of explanted valvular bioprostheses]. PMID- 3446025 TI - Ethnic differences in the prevalence of splenomegaly and malaria in The Gambia. AB - Significant variations in the prevalence of splenomegaly were found among members of the three main ethnic groups resident in North Bank Division, The Gambia. Among young children splenomegaly and malaria were less prevalent in Mandinkas than in Wollofs or Fulas, suggesting that some genetic or environmental factors protect Mandinka children from this infection. Among older children and adults splenomegaly was found most frequently in Fulas. Six of 22 adults with very large spleens had a high serum IgM level and probably had the hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly (tropical splenomegaly) syndrome. Four of these six subjects were Fulas. This finding, together with the results of a previous study in Nigeria, suggest that Fulas have a predisposition to this condition. PMID- 3446026 TI - A seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in Scotland and England. AB - The Sabin-Feldman dye test was used to detect the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies in two groups of blood donors in central Scotland, one group from a rural area and one from an urban area, and in patients attending a medical outpatients clinic and females attending an antenatal clinic serving a mixed urban and rural area in the midlands of England. Results obtained from these four groups showed that 7.6, 7.8, 35.7 and 14.9% respectively had antibody titres of 1: greater than or equal to 10. A group of travelling people, defined in the Local Government and Planning (Scotland) Act, 1982, as '...persons of nomadic habit of life, whatever their race or origin...', from Scotland were also surveyed and 28% of this group had antibodies of 1: greater than or equal to 10. Individuals in this latter group were reported to have minimal contact with cats because of their lifestyles. The prevalences of the travelling people were analysed by age group and showed no correlation with age, but other groups did show an increasing prevalence with age. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3446027 TI - Hepatic fascioliasis in the abattoirs of Basrah. AB - Hepatic fascioliasis due to Fasciola gigantica among slaughtered animals was studied at the Basrah abattoirs from October 1984 to September 1985. The infection rates were 4.8, 3.3, 0.72 and 0.13% for buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats respectively. The approximate annual loss due to condemnation of infected livers is estimated as 29,855 Iraqi dinars. PMID- 3446028 TI - Demonstration of amyloid and immune complex deposits in renal and hepatic parenchyma of Alaskan alveolar hydatid disease patients. AB - Histopathological changes and the incidence of amyloid and immune complex (IC) deposits were examined in six liver (autopsy or biopsy) and two kidney (autopsy) samples from seven Alaskan alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) patients. Both the kidney samples showed evidence of severe nephropathy and glomerular IC deposits. Two of the six liver samples had typical amyloid deposits. All the liver samples examined showed variable amounts of parenchymal atrophy adjacent to the locus of larval Echinococcus multilocularis, periportal and portal fibrosis. Thus secondary amyloidosis and IC-mediated pathological changes should be included as possible complications of AHD. PMID- 3446029 TI - Severe onchocercal dermatitis in the Ethiopian border region of Sudan. AB - Onchocerca volvulus infection of the residents of two villages in the Upper Atbara River region of Sudan (63.4% prevalence) was found to be medically and socially significant with a remarkable degree of pruritus and dermal pathology present. The severest skin changes, which were often confined to certain areas of the body, were most common in the teenage group (13-19 years). Quantitation of the clinical changes showed that the most severe alterations were present in patients with the lower levels of microfilariae in the skin (0.1-6 mf mg-1) rather than in those with higher levels. Nodules containing adult O. volvulus were found in many individuals, and often in clusters in older patients. Major losses of vision due to O. volvulus were not found, although microfilariae were frequently seen in the cornea and anterior chamber. The commonest corneal change was punctate keratitis, and this was most frequently seen in the teenage group. Trachomatous changes of eyelids and corneas were also seen. The prevalence values of O. volvulus infection in the two villages were significantly increased when, in addition to microfilarial presence in skin biopsies, onchocercal signs such as punctate keratitis, nodule presence and microfilariae in the anterior chamber were taken into consideration. This illustrates the need to consider factors other than skin snip parasitology in obtaining a diagnosis. This study also emphasizes the degree of severity that onchodermatitis can reach and that low levels of dermal microfilariae can be accompanied by very extensive skin changes without any loss of vision. The necessity of considering the severity of skin changes when defining tolerable levels of onchocerciasis in a community is discussed. PMID- 3446030 TI - Diel patterns of pupation and emergence, and protogyny, in Toxorhynchites brevipalpis brevipalpis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae): a laboratory study. AB - A batch of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis brevipalpis (Theobald) of uniform age was reared from egg to adult under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Diel patterns of pupation and emergence, and duration of larval and pupal stages, were recorded for males and females separately. Pupation showed no detectable diel periodicity, but emergence was almost exclusively diurnal and occurred most frequently during the middle six hours of the 12-hour photophase. T. b. brevipalpis is exceptional among mosquitoes in being protogynous at emergence, although it is not protogynous at pupation: the earlier emergence of females reflects the shorter duration of their pupal stage. PMID- 3446031 TI - Does woodsmoke protect against malaria? PMID- 3446032 TI - A simple in vitro method for infecting tsetse with trypanosomes. PMID- 3446034 TI - Terms for coccidian merozoites. PMID- 3446033 TI - Scratched plastic as a substrate for trypanosomatid attachment. PMID- 3446035 TI - Microfilarial maturation of Onchocerca spp. PMID- 3446036 TI - Some effects of piperazine citrate on skeletal muscle and central nervous system. AB - In the frog rectus abdominis and rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations, piperazine citrate was shown to have some neuromuscular blocking activity. In the rat, d-tubocurarine was 500 times more potent than piperazine. This neuromuscular blocking effect of piperazine may be responsible for the hypotonia it sometimes induces in man. High doses of piperazine increased, in mice, the sleeping time due to pentobarbitone, but decreased the threshold for convulsion due to leptazol and strychnine, thus explaining piperazine-induced somnolence and worsening of epileptic attacks in man. PMID- 3446037 TI - Effect of cold-restraint stress and zinc acexamate on gastric mucus production in intact glands. AB - Gastric mucus content was morphometrically evaluated in gastric glands of normal and cold-restraint stressed rats. Variations induced by treatment with zinc acexamate (200 mg/kg p.o.) were also investigated. Stress decreased the glycoprotein content in glands located in areas of injury. However, in intact glands from the same animals, the glycoprotein content was increased and the proportion of sulphated macromolecules greatly augmented. Zinc acexamate reduced the severity of damage in stressed rats. Although it augmented mucus content it prevented the modification in sulphated macromolecules in these rats. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of gastric mucus in preventing gastric damage. PMID- 3446038 TI - Carnitine and experimental carbohydrate-induced hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Carnitine, beta-hydroxy-gamma-trimethylaminobutyrate, plays an important role as a factor necessary for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria. In order to investigate the influence of L(--)-carnitine on hyperlipoproteinemias, the experimental model of the sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia of the rat was used. In these experiments L(--)-carnitine in the dose of 11 mg per day and 100 g body weight was able to antagonize the sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and the increase of serum-free fatty acid level in female rats of the Wistar strain. Carnitine administration did not change the activities of lipogenic liver enzymes and the activity of post-heparin lipase. On the other hand, carnitine administration increased the rate of fatty acid oxidation in the liver. The main result of the study, i.e. the lipid lowering effect of L-carnitine, suggests the use of this compound in the therapy of hyperlipoproteinemias. PMID- 3446039 TI - Amiloride, frusemide and urinary kallikrein excretion. AB - Intravenous administration of the loop diuretic frusemide caused a rapid but short-lived increase in the urinary excretion of kallikrein-like activity in healthy volunteers. Indomethacin alone did not alter urinary electrolyte or kallikrein excretion, but when given concurrently with frusemide it blunted the natriuresis without altering the urinary kallikrein excretion. A single oral dose of amiloride, a distal tubular diuretic, caused a natriuresis but no significant change in urinary kallikrein excretion. The results do not support a direct role for the renal kallikrein-kinin system in mediating the natriuresis induced by diuretics. PMID- 3446040 TI - Protective effects of indeloxazine hydrochloride on cerebral ischemia in animals. AB - Effects of indeloxazine hydrochloride [(+/-)-2-[(inden-7-yloxy)methyl]morpholine hydrochloride, YM-08054] on cerebral ischemia were investigated in animals. Indeloxazine prolonged the gasping duration dose-dependently in decapitated mice. Bilateral occlusion of the carotid artery for 5 min shortened the latency of step through in passive avoidance task 4 days following ischemia in mongolian gerbils. The i.p. administration of indeloxazine was started just after the surgical operation and repeated twice a day for 4 days. Indeloxazine (2 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the latency of step-through in this amnesic model, indicating a reversal effect on the ischemia-induced amnesia. In biochemical studies, decreases in brain ATP and total adenine nucleotide levels were inhibited by indeloxazine (2 mg/kg i.p., once a day for 7 days) in four-vessel occluded rats. These findings indicate that indeloxazine possesses protective effects on cerebral ischemia presumably due, in part, to improvement of the cerebral energy metabolism. PMID- 3446041 TI - Heart rate lowering effects of dihydroergotamine in rats. AB - Dihydroergotamine (10-100 micrograms/kg i.v.) decreased heart rate in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. This bradycardia was reduced but not blocked by guanethidine, yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, haloperidol, sulpiride, bivagotomy or pithing. In the pithed rat, dihydroergotamine failed to affect either the bradycardia produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus or the cardioacceleration evoked by i.v. isoproterenol, tyramine or aminophylline. The increase in heart rate elicited by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was reduced by dihydroergotamine, this effect being blocked by yohimbine. In conclusion, in the rat, the main mechanism by which dihydroergotamine induces bradycardia involves stimulation of central and peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Via an action on these receptors, dihydroergotamine can inhibit the sympathetic outflow and enhance efferent vagal activity. This bradycardia may also reinforced by stimulation of central dopaminergic receptors and direct myocardial depression. PMID- 3446042 TI - Effect of halothane on sinus rhythm of dog heart in situ. AB - Effect of halothane on sinus rhythm was investigated using a direct perfusion technique of the canine SA node artery in situ. Halothane was dissolved in a fat emulsion and administered to the SA node artery in doses between 148.8 micrograms and 2976 micrograms. Both the solvent itself and a stabilizer of halothane produced no change in the heart rate. Halothane induced a biphasic chronotropic response in all doses: an initial sinus acceleration of 2 to 5 sec duration followed by a long-lasting sinus deceleration. Both responses were dose-related. The positive response was not substantially affected by prior administration of propranolol or tetrodotoxin or in reserpinized dogs. Atropine or tetrodotoxin also failed to cause any change in the negative response. Therefore, both responses were assumed to have resulted from a direct action of halothane on the SA node, but the detailed mechanism underlying the positive response remains to be further clarified. PMID- 3446043 TI - Interaction of himbacine with carbachol at muscarinic receptors of heart and smooth muscle. AB - The interaction of himbacine with carbachol was studied and compared with that of homatropine in guinea-pig atria and rat stomach fundus. Himbacine was a competitive antagonist of carbachol in both preparations. In atria, himbacine had similar affinity for the muscarinic receptors associated with force (pA2 = 8.33) and rate of contraction (pA2 = 8.42). In stomach, himbacine had a pA2 value of 7.29 which corresponds to a 10-fold less affinity than for atria. In contrast, homatropine had similar affinities for muscarinic receptors in stomach (pA2 = 7.13) and for those in atria mediating force (pA2 = 7.21) and rate (pA2 = 7.07) responses. These results indicate that himbacine distinguishes between cardiac and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors whereas it is unable to distinguish between possible subtypes of cardiac receptors associated with force and rate responses. PMID- 3446046 TI - Cardioselective antimuscarinic action of a dopamine receptor agonist, N,N dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (TL-68). AB - The antimuscarinic action of N,N-dipropyl-2-amino-tetralin (TL-68) was evaluated using guinea-pig isolated electrically paced left atria, spontaneously beating atria and ileal longitudinal muscle. TL-68 competitively antagonized the responses to carbachol but was less potent than atropine in these preparations. TL-68 exhibits higher affinity towards cardiac muscarinic receptors than ileal receptors and, therefore, possesses cardioselective antimuscarinic properties. TL 68 did not show any selectivity for muscarinic receptors mediating negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. PMID- 3446045 TI - Pharmacological analysis of chrono- and inotropic responses to diazepam in the isolated, blood-perfused canine atrium. AB - Effects of diazepam on the pacemaker activity and atrial contractility were investigated using the isolated and blood-perfused canine atrium. When diazepam in a dose range of 3-300 micrograms was injected directly into the sinus node artery, biphasic (negative followed by positive) chrono- and inotropic responses were dose-relatedly evoked. These responses were not affected by atropine in a dose which blocked ACh-induced negative ones. Propranolol inhibited positive chrono- and inotropic responses to diazepam, and prolonged the duration of the negative responses. Imipramine, in a dose which blocked tyramine-induced positive responses, significantly augmented the positive inotropic responses to diazepam. From these results, it is suggested that diazepam induces direct negative chrono- and inotropic effects, the mechanism of which remains to be defined, and indirect positive effects by catecholamine release from the sympathetic nerve terminals, though not mediated by a tyramine-like action. Diazepam tended to potentiate negative chrono- and inotropic effects of adenosine but not significantly, suggesting that diazepam plays a minor role as an adenosine potentiator in the dog right atrium. PMID- 3446044 TI - Digoxin-induced cardiac toxicity in the anaesthetized guinea-pigs and effect of heparin infusion. AB - We have examined the effects of heparin infusion on the arrhythmias induced by digoxin. Digoxin treatment consisted of 0.6 mg kg-1 given i.v. 15 min after the beginning of heparin infusion. Heparin infusions (1.7 IU, 3.4 IU and 6.8 IU kg-1 min-1) were begun 15 min before digoxin injection and continued for another 30 min. ECG, blood pressure, heart rate and arrhythmias were recorded starting 15 min before and continuing for 60 min after the digoxin injection. Heparin at the infusion rates of 3.4 IU and 6.8 IU kg-1.min-1 reduced significantly the arrhythmia scores. On the other hand, heparin did not significantly alter the arterial blood pressure and heart rate values affected by digoxin. PMID- 3446047 TI - Effects of different phosphodiesterase-inhibiting drugs on human pregnant myometrium: an in vitro study. AB - The phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibiting and smooth muscle relaxing effects of theophylline, enprofylline, papaverine and moxaverine have been studied in vitro on spontaneous contracting human, pregnant myometrium. All drugs showed a close correlation between the PDE-inhibiting and smooth muscle relaxing effect. The order of smooth muscle relaxing potency was papaverine greater than moxaverine greater than enprofylline greater than theophylline. The most potent PDE inhibitors were moxaverine and papaverine with a 50% PDE-inhibiting concentration (IC50) of 3.3 and 3.8 microM as compared to the least potent PDE-inhibitor, theophylline, with an IC50 of 665 microM. It is concluded that PDE-inhibiting drugs show a close correlation between PDE-inhibiting and relaxing effect on spontaneously contracting pregnant myometrium and that the newly developed drug enprofylline might be of interest in the treatment of premature uterine contractions. PMID- 3446048 TI - Biochemical and morphometric analysis of the effect of spironolactone on the livers from immature and adult rats. AB - Biochemical and morphometric studies were carried out to characterize the effect of spironolactone (SP) on liver tissue from immature and adult young rats: 1. The SP produced an increase in total protein in all the groups. 2. Hypertrophy in 24 days-old rats. 3. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia in 48 days-old rats. 4. The morphometric studies were correlated to the biochemical parameters. PMID- 3446049 TI - [Comparative embryogenesis of the pecten oculi in chickens and pigeons]. PMID- 3446050 TI - [Thyroglossal duct and thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 3446051 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the dental enamel during the maturation phase]. PMID- 3446052 TI - [Results of a questionnaire on pregnancy of mothers giving birth to babies with biliary atresia]. PMID- 3446053 TI - [Nonspecific multiple ulcer of the small intestine: a case report]. PMID- 3446054 TI - [Current hypotheses on the role of calcitonin]. PMID- 3446055 TI - [Prognostic factors in cerebral hypoxic-ischemias in infants less than a year old]. AB - In order to establish criteria for early cerebral prognosis after acute cerebral hypoxic ischemic insult, we studied 31 cases of patients presenting, during their first year of life, cardio-respiratory arrests due to SIDS (21 cases), anesthesia (4 cases), other causes (6 cases). A favourable evolution was observed in 5 cases where coma lasted less than 8 hours. Conversely unfavorable evolution was seen in the 26 patients (21 deaths, 5 sequellae) where coma lasted more than 8 hours. Among 12 patients of this group surviving after the 4th day, 9 expressed seizures or status epilepticus. The poor evolution was correlated with hyperproteinorachia during the first 24 hours and with cortico-subcortical hypodensity on CT scan. Early EEG and transfontanellar echography seemed less useful to establish a prognosis, specifically to discriminate children surviving with and without sequelae. PMID- 3446056 TI - [Critical study of erythrocyte bilirubin and predictive factors of kernicterus in premature low birth weight infants]. AB - Among 217 premature neonates with birth-weights less than or equal to 1,500 g who died, in whom post mortem examination was carried out during the years 1978-1984, 11 cases of kernicterus (5%) were found. A comparative study was undertaken between these 11 children and 42 children of the same population matched for birth-weight, gestational age and life duration. The following clinical and biological perinatal data were found more frequently in the kernicterus group: meningitis (3/11 vs 0/42), p less than 0.01), hyperchloronatremic dehydration (3/11 vs 1/42, p less than 0.05) and hypoglycemia either severe (less than 0.83 mumol/l) (5/11 vs 3/42, p less than 0.01) or prolonged (less than 1.66 mumol/l for at least 36 hrs) (3/11 vs 0/42, p less than 0.01). The mean value of total bilirubin highest levels was 261 +/- 76 mumol/l in cases with kernicterus and 266 +/- 58 mumol/l in the control group (NS). In a case with kernicterus the total bilirubin level was 149 mumol/l (87 mg/l). Erythrocyte bilirubin was repeatedly assayed in 16 children, 4 of which were found to have kernicterus. There was no significant difference in the mean maximum peak of erythrocyte bilirubin between the 2 groups (kernicterus group: 17.8 +/- 3.4 mumol/l in the 4 cases with kernicterus. Finally, hypoglycemia, respiratory and/or metabolic acidosis were found associated with the highest erythrocyte bilirubin level, or during the 24 preceding hours in children with kernicterus only. PMID- 3446057 TI - [What future is there for hydrocephalus children? Intellectual and visual neurological prognosis in series of 77 cases of non-tumor hydrocephalus]. AB - We report the neurological, intellectual and visual outcome of 77 children with hydrocephalus of non tumoral origin. Neurological deficits and epilepsy were common, particularly in those with severe intellectual deficit and with acquired brain damages. Intellectual level prognosis was usually good, although lower than in a healthy population: 75% of children had full intellectual quotient (FIQ) higher than 70 but often, there was an heterogeneous pattern of the IQ with greater differences between verbal and performance results because of poor visual spatial skills. Attention and syntax comprehension of language disabilities were also specifically encountered. Meningitis or toxoplasmosis secondary to hydrocephalus often resulted in a poor intelligence level but other causes did not influence intelligence level or pattern. Visual-spatial deficits, attention disorders and language disabilities did not seem related to the degree of hydrocephalus or the delay before shunting, but were especially encountered when ventricular dilatation persisted in spite of the operation. Functional amblyopias were frequent, certainly related to strabismus. Optic atrophy was rare and linked to direct compression of the optic nerves or to major and repeated episodes of intracranial hypertension. PMID- 3446058 TI - [Treatment of citrullinemia. Apropos of a case followed from birth. Importance of alpha-ketonic acids]. AB - From day 1 to day 3, the protein intake of this neonate was restricted to 1 g/kg/d. It included a) essential amino acids (i.e. histidine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan), b) arginine (1,000 mg/d), c) alphaketoisovaleric 500 mg/d, alpha ketoisocaproic (500 mg/d), alphaketobetamethylvaleric (500 mg/d), alphaketogammamethylthiobutyric (200 mg/d), betaphenylpyruvic (400 mg/d) acids. 250 mg/kg/d of sodium benzoate were given. Caloric and water intakes were 120 cal/kg/d and 120 ml/kg/d respectively. Afterwards, this procedure was modified according to clinical and biological data including serum ammonia and amino acid levels. Alpha-ketonic acid absorption and metabolism were studied on day 29. Both were fast. The detection of alloisoleucine, which is not metabolized was the consequence of the use of alphaketobetamethylvaleric acid. Until the age of 21 months, clinical and metabolic status was satisfactory. At this time, repeated seizures without metabolic failure were accompanied by psychomotor damages. PMID- 3446059 TI - [Height in Turner's syndrome: correlation with parents' height]. AB - In 64 cases of Turner's syndrome (34 XO, 21 with mosaicism and 9 with partial deletion of one X chromosome) there was a closer correlation with mother's height (r = 0.607, p less than 0.001) than with father's height (r = 0.28, p less than 0.05) suggesting that Turner's syndrome could result from deletion of one paternal gonosome more than of one maternal gonosome. Moreover, 6.4% of Turner patients have a mother whose adult height is below -2 DS, contrasting with 3% in other people. PMID- 3446060 TI - [Involvement of the urinary tract in a syndrome of congenital epidermolysis bullosa and atresia of the pylorus]. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa associated with pyloric atresia is a rare autosomal recessive condition, usually fatal in the first few months of life. Since 1983 urinary tract disease is known to be another manifestation of this syndrome which becomes the main problem in children surviving beyond infancy. The case of a 2 1/2 year-old boy with mild cutaneous manifestations of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, corrected pyloric atresia and renal disease is reported. Hematuria, dysuria, obstruction of the uretero-vesical junction and worsening hydronephrosis led to bilateral ureterostomy (ureteral reimplantation was not attempted because the thickness of the bladder wall and the extensive ureteral fibrosis). PMID- 3446061 TI - [Transient symptomatic neonatal hyperammonemia]. AB - Premature newborns suffering from respiratory distress and asphyxiated term newborns may present transient symptomatic neonatal hyperammonemia associated with reversible neonatal coma. As they survive they may develop normally; however the authors emphasize the importance of concomitant hemodynamic disorders and the extreme frequency of brain hemorrhage and ischemia. Ultrasonography or tomodensitometry are necessary for prognosis. PMID- 3446062 TI - [Pediatric care of newborn infants in the public maternity hospitals of the Ile de-France. 1985 and 1986 survey]. AB - The authors present the results of a survey concerning the pediatric management of neonates in public maternity hospitals of the Ile-de-France area, during the years 1985 and 1986. These results are compared with those of a previous national survey concerning the year 1983 and to standards of pediatric personnel in maternity hospitals. This survey shows the persisting and even in some cases, the worsening deficiency in pediatric personnel in maternity hospitals. Various solutions and advices are discussed. PMID- 3446063 TI - [Importance of the electroencephalography in the diagnosis of lissencephaly]. PMID- 3446064 TI - [Validity of blood digoxin in pediatrics. Study in renal insufficiency patients in dialysis]. PMID- 3446065 TI - [Ligament hyperlaxicity and articular effusion in the knees]. PMID- 3446066 TI - [Diabetes in children in 1987]. PMID- 3446067 TI - [Craniopharyngioma in children. Endocrine evaluation and treatment. Apropos of 37 cases]. AB - Endocrine function was studied in 37 children treated for craniopharyngioma by total (22 cases) or partial (12 cases) excision and complementary or isolated irradiation (9 cases). Height deficiency was the only revealing sign in only 20% of cases. Skull X-rays showed patent abnormalities at the first examination in 36 of 37 cases. Analysis of 24 children before and after surgery helps defining the part played by surgery in endocrine deficiencies: the frequency of thyroid and GH deficiencies is poorly changed after surgery as they are most often already present before surgery. On the other hand, the frequency of corticotropin and antidiuretic deficiencies is highly increased after surgery. Gonadotropic deficiency is almost constant after surgery. The final height is greater than 2 SD in 9 of the 14 patients whose growth is completed. PMID- 3446068 TI - [Detection of residual cells contaminating the bone marrow in neuroblastoma. Apropos of 80 bone marrow evaluations]. AB - Eighty bone marrow studies (each including 4 aspirates and 4 trephine biopsies) were performed in 37 children with stage IV neuroblastoma to assess the most accurate means for detection of invasion by neuroblastoma cells. Among 38 abnormal results, only trephine biopsy(ies) were found positive in 24 cases (63%), only aspirate(s) in 5 cases (13%), and both in 9 cases (24%). In 37% of abnormal results, only 1 of the 8 tests performed was found positive. No benefit was obtained from either associated touch imprints of iliac biopsies (67 investigations), or exploration of extra-iliac sites (66 sternums, 53 tibias). Two monoclonal antibodies, claimed to be specific for detection of neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, were used in 56 investigations; they could detect minimal residual disease in some cases, but they were unreliable when no staining was obtained if initial phenotype of neuroblastoma had not been assessed, or when few isolated cells were observed. Prospective studies using immunocytology and immunohistology are thus warranted. PMID- 3446069 TI - [Short, middle and long-term outcome of major peri-intraventricular hemorrhages]. AB - Within 4 years 10 months (1981-1985), the Port-Royal Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admitted 2,400 neonates, one third with a birthweight below 1,501 g; 4,631 cranial ultrasound studies were performed in 1,488 of those neonates, mostly less than 1,501 g, detecting 392 consecutive peri-intraventricular hemorrhages (PIVH), of which 130 were major forms (from unilateral grade III to bilateral grade IV PIVH). Overall survival rates were 91% in grade I, 85% in grade II, 42% in grade III, 26% in grade IV; survival rate was significantly lower in bilateral than in unilateral grade II and III PIVH. In major PIVH, deaths occurred early (58% in the first week after birth). Post-hemorrhagic dilatation was constant but mostly regressive; true active hydrocephalus appeared in 1 unilateral grade III PIVH and 8 bilateral grade III PIVH, with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in the second month of life in 5 infants (2 died), and 4 deaths (surgery not feasible). The neurological and developmental outcome of 42 of 46 survivors (4 losts to follow up) was evaluated beyond one year of age in 12 unilateral grade III PIVH (10 normal children, 1 minor sequela, 1 moderate sequela), 16 bilateral grade III PIVH (7 normal children, 3 minor sequelae, 1 moderate sequela, 5 major sequelae), 13 unilateral grade IV PIVH (8 normal children, 1 minor sequela, 3 moderate sequelae, 1 major sequela), 1 bilateral grade IV PIVH (major sequela). A persistent major dilatation after 6-9 months of age bore an ominous prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446070 TI - [Evaluation of the detection of phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism at the Lille Regional Center]. AB - During the past 20 years, neonatal screening for metabolic diseases has been developed and implemented in the Nord-Pas de Calais region. The regional centre (established in 1972) has screened more than 1,000,000 babies for phenylketonuria (PKU) and more than 700,000 for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Ninety-two PKU and 182 CH patients were discovered and treated. The recent introduction of a computerised system for the clerical works in the centre has allowed a systematic survey of some parameters linked to the screening practices: collection, handling and follow-up of samples. The analysis of these parameters showed that 50% of samples were collected on the 5th day of life but 35% were collected after that date, and that 4.7% of specimen reached the laboratory 10 days or more after the day of collection. These delays can introduce a significant delay in the final diagnosis of affected children. The average age at which the diagnosis was suspected was 12.2 days in PKU and 20.6 days in CH. The difference was not only explained by the technical delay for TSH measurement but also by a later date of sampling. This observation suggests that, if blood collection was performed before nursery discharge, there were some pathologic factors justifying a later discharge. Of the control specimen (second test) which have been requested, 16% were not received; this represents a high risk of missing a case. PMID- 3446071 TI - [Cerebellar ataxia preceding cutaneous symptoms in chickenpox]. AB - The authors describe a case of cerebellar ataxia developing 8 days before the exanthema of varicella. Evolution was quickly favorable. On the occasion of this rare observation, the pathophysiology of the neurological complications of varicella are discussed. PMID- 3446072 TI - [Erythromelalgia, arterial hypertension and increased excretion of urinary catecholamines]. AB - A 7 year-old girl was hospitalized with acute, severe and drug resistant erythromelalgia. During her stay in the hospital, she presented with an epileptic seizure associated with hypertension (220-120 mmHg). Catecholamine urinary excretion was markedly increased. Diagnoses of pheochromocytoma and acrodynia were excluded. Erythromelalgia and hypertension both disappeared in a few days without any relapse after a 2 year-follow-up. Catecholamine urinary excretion returned to normal levels in a few weeks. A skin biopsy which was performed in an affected site, showed a slight and questionable reduction of the density of autonomic adrenergic nerve terminals in the periarterial and glandular plexuses. The relevance of transitory excess catecholamine excretion and its link with erythromelalgia and hypertension are discussed. The hypothesis that the disorder could be explained by an abnormality of distal autonomic axons is likely. PMID- 3446073 TI - [Iconographic rubric. Mondini's syndrome]. PMID- 3446074 TI - [Transportation of newborn infants. Organization and evaluation of the load of work at the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center]. PMID- 3446075 TI - [Beware of atropinic drugs in pediatrics!]. PMID- 3446076 TI - [Statistics on the month of birth of children with dyslexia]. PMID- 3446077 TI - [Unmanageable hair syndrome associated with epilepsy, deafness and phalangeal aplasia]. PMID- 3446078 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis, convulsions and overdose of pyrimethamine]. PMID- 3446079 TI - [Localized cerebellar necrosis after an overdose of diphenylhydantoin]. PMID- 3446080 TI - [Logic and medicine]. PMID- 3446081 TI - [The concept and axiological value of human health in the philosophy of medicine]. PMID- 3446082 TI - [Selected ethical problems in relation to death in a surgical clinic]. PMID- 3446083 TI - Gel filtration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and non-specific crossreacting antigen (NCA) on the Superose 12HR column: effect of guanidine hydrochloride. AB - CEA and NCA, which behave as dimeric molecules in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were submitted to gel filtration on the Superose 12HR column in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.0 or in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The elution volumes of these antigens were compared with those of protein markers. The reference proteins showed almost linear relation between log Mr and elution volume, but they were eluted distinctly faster in guanidine that in PBS. The elution volumes of NCA corresponded to Mr approx. 110,000 in PBS and 50,000 in guanidine. These values were accordant with those obtained by other methods and suggested that guanidine dissociates NCA into subunits. The apparent molecular weights of CEA (migrating as 180 kDa molecule in SDS-electrophoresis) estimated by gel filtration on Superose were approx. 700,000 in PBS and 160,000 in guanidine. These results also suggested the dissociation of CEA by guanidine, but due to anomalous elution of CEA from the Superose column they are less convincing than in the case of NCA. PMID- 3446084 TI - The structure of the hinge region in Fab-Fc recombinant immunoglobulins and its relation to the effector activity of these molecules. AB - The arrangement of peptides which form the hinge region in Fab-Fc recombinant immunoglobulins, restored artificially from Fab and Fc fragments was approached by computation. The architecture of this region in the symmetric (Fab')2-Fc derivatives and in the asymmetric (Fab')1-Fc differs to a considerable extent. In (Fab')2-Fc species but not in (Fab')1-Fc the preferable arrangement appeared to be stabilized predominantly by the mutual interaction of symmetric hinge peptides. It was concluded that the resulted by this interaction rotational restrictions may eventually induce the structural transformations in the molecule, influencing the effector activity of Fc. PMID- 3446085 TI - Factors influencing the reaction of haptoglobin with concanavalin A in affino immunoelectrophoresis. AB - In crossed affino-immunoelectrophoresis pure haptoglobin or that present in serum moved in the shape of either non-retarded or weakly-, or strongly-retarded fractions, related to varying Con A concentrations included into the first dimension gel. At low concentrations of Con A non-, weakly-, and strongly retarded fractions were observed, whereas at higher concentrations only one, strongly-retarded fraction could be found. The number and percentage composition of haptoglobin fractions were dependent not only on the concentration of Con A, but also on other proteins added to the sample submitted to electrophoresis. Irregular distribution of haptoglobin Con A-dependent fractions made quantitative measurements unreliable. PMID- 3446086 TI - The in vitro migration of peripheral leukocytes of atopic asthmatic patients in relation to the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). AB - In 50 patients with atopic asthma aged 18-32 (average 25) the level of serum IgE was measured radioimmunologically and the peripheral leukocyte migration in agar plates was determined. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people aged 20 31 (average 26). An increased level of IgE was found in 39 atopic patients. Statistically significant inhibition of peripheral leukocyte migration was noted. In each patient the degree of inhibition of migration was reciprocal to the concentration of serum IgE. PMID- 3446087 TI - Tolerance or hyperreactivity to interferon induction by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10 acridineacetic acid and analogs in mice and in the mouse macrophage cultures. AB - Choline and halogen analogs of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid (CMA) were studied as IFN inducers in mice and in the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures. Two of the choline analogs--DMCMA and CSCMA were inducers of IFN in the macrophages. The response was found to be dose related. CMA as well as the active analogs were found to induce the hyporeactive state to IFN induction both in mice and in the mouse macrophage cultures. On the other hand, the inhibitor of IFN induction by CMA--the dibromo analog (DBCMA) was found to induce in mice a hyperreactive state to IFN induction by CMA. PMID- 3446088 TI - Growth of tumor colonies mediated by phorbol ester and 13-cis retinoic acid in mixed cultures. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the substances modifying cell phenotype (phorbol ester and 13-cis retinoic acid) on the growth of mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells in the mixed culture system. The results were compared with monoculture system and with tumor multicellular spheroids system where neoplastic cells are cultivated in the close contact from all sides. The suppression of the pleyotypic effect of phorbol ester was observed when N2a cells were cocultured with 3T3 fibroblasts. On the contrary, the close contact of neoplastic cells to each other (spheroids) do not change the stimulatory effect of phorbol ester on tumor cells proliferation. 13-cis retinoic acid suppressed neoplastic cells growth in all cell culture systems we used. PMID- 3446089 TI - [Effect of exogenous factors on prececal nutrient and amino acid reabsorption, ascertained in swine with ileorectal anastomoses. 1. Effect of the degree of grinding up of grain]. AB - Pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses (IRA) and in parallel experiments intact (INT) pigs were used to estimate the influence of the different grinding fineness of barley and wheat (coarse, medium, fine) on the apparent and true precaecal and total digestibility resp. absorption of various N free and N containing nutrients, among them crude protein and the indispensable and dispensable amino acids. Coarse grinding (25 ... 50% of the particles greater than 2 mm) resulted in significantly lower digestibility values than medium and fine grinding--with more striking differences in barley than in wheat. Precaecally most nutrients and amino acids are distinctly less digestible than at the end of the total tract. The precaecal lysine absorption determined with IRA pigs is remarkably low. The results are discussed. In order to attain a good utilization of the protein contained in cereals grains should be ground in hammermills with maximal sieve meshes of 3 mm. It is proposed to tabulate crude protein and amino acids in future on the basis of a standardized true precaecal digestibility resp. absorption. PMID- 3446090 TI - [Comparison of lard-tallow mixture and bone fat in digestion and growth experiments in calves]. AB - Male calves between 15 and 26 days old and with a live weight between 45 and 46 kg received dried skim milk dissolved in water plus fat concentration from lard- suet mixtures made with a synthetic emulsifier of the type ethoxylated partial ester with and without soybean lecithin supplement. One group received bone fat with an emulsifier as sole fat component. In the course of 9 experiment weeks the calves of the lard--suet group without lecithin reached an average daily weight gain of 710 g, which was not significantly better than the gains of 689 g of the lard--suet group with lecithin and of 674 g of the bone fat group. The calves of the lard--suet group with lecithin did not digest the feed fat significantly better than the calves in the other two groups. The quota of fatty acids in the feed distinctly influenced the composition of the fatty acids in the intestines, the kidneys and the hypodermis. With the example of suet the general relationship between the fatty acid patterns of the feed and body fats are recognizable, with the fatty acids C 16:0, C 18:2 and C 18:3 having a lower and C 16:1, C 18:0 and C 18:1 having a higher quota in the suet than in the feed fat. Due to the application of high amounts of bone fat, vegetable oil or sea animal fat there are deviations from this rule. There is a higher quota of linolenic acid in the suet of the calves than in butter fat but a lower quota than in foreign fat. PMID- 3446091 TI - The effects of frequency of feeding on some quantitative aspects of digestion in the rumens of growing steers. AB - Three steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given ground and pelleted diets containing predominantly dried grass meal (DG) or rolled barley (RB). Diets were given at frequencies of two or eight feeds/d in a simple changeover design. Chromic oxide and polyethylene glycol were given as flow markers and flows (g/24 h) of organic matter (OM), nitrogenous and carbohydrate compounds were calculated. Ribonucleic acid and 35S were used as microbial markers and diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as a bacterial marker. Frequency of feeding had no significant effect on mean rumen pH, ammonia levels or liquid outflow rates with either diet. Rumen volume was decreased and abomasal digesta flow increased on Diet DG with more feeds but these parameters were unaffected with Diet RB. Increased feeding frequency with both feeds resulted in increased numbers of protozoa. There were no significant effects of feeding frequency of Diet DG on the abomasal flows of any of the nitrogenous constituents measured. However, there was a significant increase in microbial-N flow from 33 to 43 g/d with more frequent feeding of diet RB which was not reflected in bacterial-N flow as measured by DAP. The apparent digestion of OM in the rumen, expressed as g/g intake with diet DG was 0.41 and 0.31 for two feeds and eight feeds/d respectively. Corresponding values for diet RB were 0.56 and 0.63 respectively. The reduction in OM digestion with frequent feeding of diet DG was reflected in similarly reduced rumen digestibilities of all dietary carbohydrate components whereas the increase in OM digestion with diet RB was reflected only by the component sugars of the dietary fibre. The efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis (expressed as gMN/kg ADOM) increased from 36 to 46 when the feeding frequency of diet DG was increased from two to eight times/d. No significant effect of frequency of feeding was found for diet RB. Mouth to abomasum degradation of feed-N (expressed as g/g intake) of 0.64 was unaffected by the number of feeds of diet DG but was significantly increased from 0.55 to 0.82 when eight rather than two feeds/d of diet RB were given. PMID- 3446092 TI - Energy utilization of sodium hydroxide treated or untreated straw supplemented with protein or concentrates by adult sheep. 1. Feed intake, digestibility, metabolizability and net energy value. AB - NaOH treated (T) or untreated (UT) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (P) or with concentrates based on maize (M) or beet pulp (BP) at rates of 25 or 50% of the diet. Each of the 8 diets was fed to 8 sheep near ad libitum and near maintenance. Energy balances were determined by indirect calorimetry. Straw and feed intakes were doubled by the alkali treatment (P, BP25 and BP50 diets) or increased by 83% (M25 diet) and 63% (M50 diet). Near maintenance, energy digestibility (dE) and metabolizability (q) of the straw were improved by 36% and 40% respectively in the P diet and by 28% and 25% on average in the other diets. Ad libitum feeding reduced energy digestibility of treated straw by 11% and metabolizability by 5% on average in the BP25, BP50 and M25 diets; in the case of the M50 diet dE of the T straw was depressed by 30% and the beneficial effect of the alkali treatment was suppressed. The efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) of the treated straw diets for maintenance was also raised by 9% (P diet) to 3% (M50 diet) and the corresponding net energy content of the treated straw was increased by 58 to 30%. ME efficiencies of the diets for fattening ranged from 44.0 to 52.8%. Energy retention of sheep was considerably increased by the alkali treatment of straw, whereas their maintenance requirement could not be met by the untreated straw diets supplemented with 25% concentrate. PMID- 3446093 TI - Energy utilization of sodium hydroxide treated or untreated straw supplemented with protein or concentrates by adult sheep. 2. Rumen digestion. AB - NaOH treated (T) or untreated (UT) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (P) or with concentrates based on maize (M) or beet pulp (BP), the two last at rates of 25 and 50% of the diet. Each of the 10 diets was fed to two sheep ad libitum. Two diets were also fed at limited intakes. For these 12 diets in sacco cellulolytic activity in the rumen and ruminal fermentation were measured. Cellulolytic activity was measured with the studied straws, so that their digestion rate was also determined. NaOH treatment increased rate of digestion of straw, while high levels of concentrates decreased it. In contrast NaOH treatment and high levels of concentrate decreased cellulolytic activity but neither type of concentrate nor limitation of intake altered it. NaOH treatment only slightly modified pH because a higher level of VFA in rumen balanced NaOH presence. An important negative effect on pH of high levels of concentrate was observed, but there was no effect or type of concentrate or limitation of intake. Fermentation pattern was only slightly influenced by studied factors: +2.2 units of butyric acid and -2.1 units of acetic acid with treated straw; lower level of acetic acid occurred when concentrate was increased, especially for maize. Limitation of intake increased acetic acid molar proportion. PMID- 3446094 TI - [Perloline content in fodder grasses. 1. Quantitative determination of perloline]. AB - A colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of perloline in fodder grasses was established. The comparison with the internationally used spectrofluorimetric method shows that the established method is applicable as a routine method. The average variation coefficient of the colorimetric method is 4.9%. The average rediscovery quota was 95.8% (93.8-99.0%). PMID- 3446095 TI - [Perloline content in fodder grasses. 2. Perloline content in selected grass types and its variability in tall fescue and intergeneric tall fescue hybrids]. AB - The perloline content of fodder grasses is genetically determined and strongly influenced by environmental factors. Tall fescue and meadow fescue show high, perennial and Italian ryegrass low concentrations of perloline. The perloline content of tall fescue can be diminished by bastardization to a level harmless in cattle feeding. PMID- 3446096 TI - [The genesis and reactive changes of mitochondria at different functional phases of the cell]. AB - At ultrastructural level ways of formation and proliferation of mitochondria have been followed in rat lutein cells and interstitial endocrine cells of the corpus luteum at various stages of its development. During mitosis and at increased function of the lutein and interstitial cells mitochondria are formed de novo. At a certain change of the cell functional state, mitochondria proliferate by means of division or budding. PMID- 3446097 TI - [Plastic restructuring of cerebral cortex synapses in the postischemic period]. AB - Using the technique for the cerebral tissue contrasting with phosphoric-tungsten acid, synaptic architectonics of the molecular layer of the rat sensomotor cortex has been studied for 30 days of recirculation after 5 minutes' stop of the systemic circulation resulted from an acute hemorrhage. Gradation of the synapses per groups is performed according to the height of compact projections of the presynaptic network. Dynamics of the synaptic compactness changes with different height is stated to differ essentially during the postischemic period. A conclusion is made that in reconstruction of the synaptic architectonics of the neocortex during the postischemic period a leading role belongs to the change of state of specialized paramembranous microfilamentous compact projections of the presynaptic network. They make a part of the neuronal cytoskeleton and are included into a single integral complex--the system of subcytoskeleton and are included into a single integral complex--the system of subsynaptic units. PMID- 3446098 TI - [Changes in the stromal elements of the sympathetic ganglia in chemical sympathectomy by guanethidine]. AB - As demonstrates histofluorescent, light optic and electron microscopic investigation concerning changes in the connective tissue of the cranial cervical, cervico-thoracic, the 2d and 3d thoracic sympathetic ganglia in white rats under guanethidine effect, there is an outgrowth of the connective tissue stroma of the ganglia and its infiltration with lymphocytes, macrophages and other cells of the leucocytic line with formation of cavities in these zones. The facts described are considered as morphological demonstration of certain autoimmune reactions of the ganglionic stroma, developing in response to certain changes of the antigenic properties of the ganglionic tissue elements under guanethidine effect. PMID- 3446099 TI - [Differentiation of tactile corpuscles (Merkel's) in the beak of Coturnix coturnix quail during ontogeny]. AB - Succession of the Merkel's corpuscles appearance and the nervous fibers connected with them in the germ of the beak has been studied by means of light (silver nitrate impregnation) and electron microscopic techniques. Appearance of the Merkel's corpuscles in the subepithelial connective tissue is preceded by sprouting of nervous fibers into the area. From the very beginning of their differentiation the tactile corpuscles are in contact with nervous terminals. Sensory innervation is a necessary condition for differentiation of the Merkel's corpuscles and tactile bodies in the bird quail. PMID- 3446100 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics of different areas of the thymus in rats]. AB - Correlation of various parts in the gland of white non-inbred 3-month-old male rats has been studied morphometrically. Five zones have been distinguished in the lobe: in the cortex--subcapsular, middle and border-like with medullary substance, in the medulla--border-like with cortical substance, deep zones. A high level of dividing and capable for division poorly differentiated cell forms, especially in the thymic cortex are noted in the gland's contents. PMID- 3446101 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of adrenal reactivity in rats of different ages]. AB - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the cortical and medullary substance of the adrenals have been studied in mature (8-month-old) and old (26-month-old) intact white male rats and in rats of the same age groups in 3 h after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei. By means of certain biochemical methods contents of hormones (corticosterone, adrenaline and noradrenaline) have been estimated, as well as that of cholesterin and ascorbic acid in blood and adrenal tissues. After the hypothalamus is stimulated in the mature rats, certain peculiarities in the adrenals reactivity are revealed; they demonstrate positive ultrastructural and functional correlation of secretory cells in the cortex and medulla and are characterized with hypertrophy of the nuclei, increased amount of polyribosomes, hypertrophied Golgi complex and canaliculi of the endoplasmic reticulum and increased contents of corticosteroids and catecholamines in blood. In the old rats after stimulation of the hypothalamus, certain unequal ultrastructural and functional peculiarities are revealed. They demonstrate both disturbance of the hypothalamic regulation of the adrenal function at ageing and decreased adaptive possibilities of the adrenal secretory cells at the subcellular level. PMID- 3446102 TI - [Ultrastructure of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney and of the peripolar cells in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis)]. AB - In 9 sand lizards ultrastructure of the juxtaglomerular complex of the kidney has been studied. It is presented as juxtaglomerular cells, situating in the middle tunic of the afferent glomerular arteriole near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. Cytoplasm of these cells contains secretory granules at various stages of development: young, maturing and mature, as well as solid corpuscles and myofilaments. In some nephrons primitive forms of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular island occur. Their presence demonstrates phylogenetically new structural organization of the juxtaglomerular complex in lizards. For the first time in reptilia peripolar cells are found, they are situated on the basal membrane of the external part of the glomerular capsule near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. A suggestion is made on their functional interconnection with the juxtaglomerular complex. PMID- 3446103 TI - [Involution of rat mammae after abortion, cessation of lactation and vitamin A exposure]. AB - Structural changes in the mammary gland cells have been studied in rats electron microscopically during pregnancy and involution process after cessation of lactation, as well as at initiation processes by means of abortion at various time of pregnancy (on the 8th, 13th, 20th days). The involutional processes are demonstrated to depend on differentiation degree of the mammary gland cells: intensity of autolytic processes is essentially higher at abortion performed at late stages and at cessation of lactation. Stages of physiological death of the cells are followed. Vitamin A effect on the processes of differentiation and involution is investigated. PMID- 3446104 TI - [Proliferative activity of the cells and clinico-morphological characteristics of cancer of the larynx]. AB - Proliferative activity of tumor cells was measured in 107 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and found to correlate with the degree of tumor differentiation, lymphoid infiltration of the stroma, extent of blood supply, and capacity for metastatic spread. A comparison of clinical and histologic findings indicated, in particular, that the labeling index correlated with the duration and stage of the disease. PMID- 3446105 TI - [Epidemiologic study of the morphogenetic relation between adenoma and cancer of the colon]. AB - An analysis of autopsy data from three departments of pathology in three countries differing in the prevalence of large intestinal cancers has confirmed that these cancers are related morphogenetically to adenomatous polyps (adenomas). The highest percentage of persons with adenomas occurred in a region where the prevalence of large intestinal cancer was also the highest. The segmental distribution++ of large adenomas in the colon correlated with that of cancer, although the frequency of adenomas in the rectum was low and could not explain the high risk of cancer arising in this segment. This indicates that adenomas either are less important in the pathogenesis of rectal cancer or undergo malignant change less commonly than do those in other portions of the large intestine. The high rate of hyperplastic polyps in the rectum correlated with rectal cancer morbidity, and hence it is suggested that although such polyps are not neoplasms, they nevertheless may serve as an indicator of increased risk of rectal cancer development. PMID- 3446106 TI - [Morphological changes in splenic autotransplants following splenectomy: clinical and experimental studies]. AB - Reports results of clinical, morphologic, and laboratory studies carried out in 18 patients allografted with spleen fragments into the greater omentum following splenectomy for a traumatic injury of the spleen, and in 20 splenectomized dogs allografted with spleen fragments or a spleen cell suspension into various parts of the abdominal cavity. Spleen tissue regeneration in the allografts was found to be nearing completion 6 to 8 weeks after the transplantation. The regeneration took less time to be completed in dogs grafted with spleen fragments than in those grafted with a cell suspension, but occurred at similar rates whatever the site in the abdominal cavity into which the fragments or suspension had been grafted. In the allografted patients, the incidence of posttransplantation suppurations was lower than in a similar group of patients who had undergone splenectomy without allografting. PMID- 3446107 TI - [Morphology of heterologous aortic bioprostheses intended for clinical use]. AB - Results of an experiment on the preservation of bioprostheses prepared from porcine aortal valves are presented. It is described how the structure of the cusps is affected by autolytic processes, by exposure to various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, and by sequential exposure to glutaraldehyde and papain solutions. Xenogeneic aortal complexes must be processed within the first 24 hours after collection since later on they undergo autolysis whereby the fibroblasts are destroyed and collagen fibrils become damaged. Low glutaraldehyde concentrations preserve the structure of these well enough, although concentrations below 0.5% were found to make the ground substance edematous and cause structural damage to the fibroblasts. Papain treatment without glutaraldehyde pretreatment leads to profound changes in the fibrous structures and in the cells, whereas glutaraldehyde fixation followed by papain treatment assures adequate preservation. PMID- 3446108 TI - [Reorganization of the vascular and nerve elements of the small intestine following resection of a strangulated loop]. AB - Adaptational and compensatory changes in neurovascular structures of the small gut's myenteric plexus following resection of a strangulated loop of the gut were studied in 21 cats. It was found, in particular, that whereas hyperplastic processes predominated in the wall of the remaining small gut at 1 month postresection, reparative processes had largely ceased and the neural structures under study had undergone partial atrophy at 3-6 months. PMID- 3446109 TI - [Changes in the adrenergic structures of the human stellate ganglia in pathological states]. AB - Stellate ganglia from patients who had succumbed to various diseases were examined by a fluorescent histochemical technique using 2% glyoxylic acid. Catecholamines were detectable in the major neurons, in small intensely fluorescent cells, and in adrenergic fibers with varicosities at levels that varied with the patient's age, cause of death, duration of the agonal period, the treatment administered, and the time when the material had been taken after death. All adrenergic structures of the ganglia were clearly demonstrable after early autopsies of those who had died suddenly from pulmonary artery thromboembolism in the absence of other abnormalities. The ganglia were found to be greatly depleted of catecholamines in cases of sudden cardiac death in the presence of ischemic heart disease before the development of myocardial infarction as well as in those of rapid death from stroke. PMID- 3446110 TI - [State of the immune system of the fetus and newborn infant in late pregnancy toxemias]. AB - Histologic and morphometric studies were performed on lymphoid organs of fetuses and neonates from mothers with late gestosis. The thymuses were found to be mature with minimal signs of activation if the mothers had edema, first-degree nephropathy, or second- to third-degree nephropathy of less than 2 weeks in duration. In cases of longer-lasting nephropathy of degree 2 or 3, the thymuses were often retarded in their development, had considerable structural abnormalities and reduced weight, decreased lymphocytes numbers in the cortex and medulla, contracted lobes, and elevated numbers of Hassall's bodies. Prolonged severe toxemia led, in some instances, to diminished thymic activity, as documented by calcification of these bodies. A feature of the fetal thymic response to maternal toxemia was the absence of accidental transformation with its typical phasic changes. In the peripheral lymphoid organs, stimulation of the humoral arm of immunity was clearly observed. PMID- 3446111 TI - [Adenoma of the nipple with malignant degeneration]. AB - A rare nipple tumor observed in a 75-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was initially diagnosed on morphologic criteria as a nipple adenoma, but detailed examination of a segmental resection specimen revealed areas of malignant change resembling intraduct cancer. The patient underwent amputation of the mammary gland, and examination of the operative specimen demonstrated microfoci of invasive growth into lymphatic clefts. PMID- 3446112 TI - [A rare variant of chondrosarcoma--mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the scapula]. AB - A rarely occurring tumor, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the shoulder blade, is described. The tumor, found in a 19-year-old male, consisted of two components; a typical chondrosarcoma showing a moderate degree of anaplasia, and a tumor tissue composed of poorly differentiated cells with large numbers of thin-walled vessels. The two tissues were separated from each other by connective-tissue elements, though cells of the second component were seen in places to pass into the tissue of hyalin cartilage. This variant of chondrosarcoma proved to be highly sensitive to chemotherapy, allowing considerable prolongation of the patient's survival. PMID- 3446113 TI - [A matrix and method of preparing 2-fragment specimens for ultramicrotomy]. AB - A matrix for the preparation of two-fragment specimens for ultramicroscopy of biologic objects is described. The matrix has the form of a monolithic plate 8-10 mm thick made of a material such as fluoroplast that does not copolymerize with the mounting medium. It contains 50-60 functional cells which are numbered. The upper part of a cell has a cylindrical shape (55 mm in diameter, 2-3 mm in height) while its lower part is shaped like a truncated cone (this part is 2-3 mm deep). A drop of mount and a piece of tissue are placed in the cell, after which a solid fragment of the test specimen is introduced into its cylindrical part till the fragment's end abuts against the wall of the conical part of the cell and comes in contact with the mount. The two are then caused to polymerize, and once the polymerization is completed, the ready specimens can be readily extracted by taking hold of the distal ends of the solid fragments that protrude over the surface of the matrix. PMID- 3446114 TI - [Assessment of the state of the myocardium from the histochemical detection of dehydrogenases in the presence of granular diformazan]. AB - Histochemical tests for dehydrogenases in isolated rat myocardia have shown the level of granular diformazan to correlate with the presence of fat drops in cardiomyocytes. Using a semiquantitative method they developed for assessing myocardial status from histochemical tests for dehydrogenases (glutamate, isocitrate, lactate, succinate, beta-hydroxybutyrate NADH, or NADPH dehydrogenases), the authors found that demonstration of granular diformazan in such tests is not associated with alterations in the state of particular dehydrogenases but is indicative of fatty dystrophy. PMID- 3446115 TI - [The decline of phonomechanocardiography: origins and consequences]. PMID- 3446116 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse, non-diagnosis and an indiscreet window of understanding]. PMID- 3446117 TI - [The importance of physical development in the behavior of the arterial pressure curve in children from 6 to 9]. PMID- 3446118 TI - [Vectorcardiographic study of normal aged subjects]. PMID- 3446119 TI - [Relation between the ST variation index/heart rate and the number of coronary vessels with lesions]. PMID- 3446120 TI - [Surgical treatment of infectious endocarditis in the active phase]. PMID- 3446121 TI - [Isolated tricuspid insufficiency of possible traumatic etiology. A case report]. PMID- 3446123 TI - [Cardiology and public health: considerations on the approach of cardiovascular diseases in public health]. PMID- 3446122 TI - [Hypoplasia of the abdominal aorta. A case report]. PMID- 3446124 TI - [The use of streptokinase by venous route in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3446125 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in aged patients]. PMID- 3446126 TI - [Physical conditioning in the aged subject. Evaluation by stress electrocardiography]. PMID- 3446127 TI - [Relation between preoperative left ventricular function and postoperative course in aortic stenosis]. PMID- 3446128 TI - [Implantation of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis lasting more than 15 years. Analysis of 34 cases]. PMID- 3446129 TI - [Effect of chlorthalidone on peripheral resistance in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3446130 TI - [Retrospective study of the use of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the pre-, trans- and postoperative periods, in the prevention of thromboembolic complications, in high risk vascular surgery]. PMID- 3446131 TI - [Conservative procedure in the correction of aortic valve defect in association with other cardiopathies]. PMID- 3446132 TI - [Correlation of myocardial infarction size, and not its location, with left ventricular function. Electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and angiographic study]. PMID- 3446133 TI - [Ventricular aneurysm. Long-term results of the surgical treatment]. PMID- 3446134 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by the time to peak of the 1st lead in apex cardiography]. PMID- 3446135 TI - [Duration of rheumatic activity in patients treated with oral corticoids vs. pulse therapy]. PMID- 3446136 TI - [Peripartum cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3446137 TI - [Holter study of esophageal pH: a new auxiliary examination in the differential diagnosis of precordial pain]. PMID- 3446138 TI - Our skin cancer epidemic. PMID- 3446139 TI - Prevention in general practice. PMID- 3446140 TI - Where East meets West. PMID- 3446141 TI - A WorkCare survey. PMID- 3446143 TI - Preventive medicine for adolescents. PMID- 3446142 TI - Legal status of embryos. PMID- 3446144 TI - Prevention in the elderly. PMID- 3446145 TI - Can general practitioners send reminder notices about cervical smears? PMID- 3446146 TI - Health regulations in Australia. PMID- 3446147 TI - Health screening in general practice. PMID- 3446148 TI - Rubella (German measles). PMID- 3446149 TI - Waterskiing injury. PMID- 3446150 TI - Waterslide accidents in South Australia. PMID- 3446151 TI - Hydatid eradication in Tasmania. Point of no return? PMID- 3446152 TI - A patient recall system. PMID- 3446153 TI - Self help health care. Active preventive medicine. PMID- 3446154 TI - The serology of hepatitis B. PMID- 3446155 TI - The place of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology. PMID- 3446156 TI - Management of hydrocarbon ingestions. PMID- 3446157 TI - Serum fructosamine as a screening method for diabetes mellitus in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. AB - It is important to identify diabetic patients in a coronary care population because they have a higher risk of suffering congestive heart failure, dysrhythmias and death following myocardial infarction. In order to determine the most efficient screening method for diabetes, we compared fructosamine and glucose measurements on admission blood specimens from 256 consecutive patients. Of 15 (5.9%) known diabetic patients, 12 had glucose results greater than or equal to 7.8 mmol/l and nine had fructosamine levels greater than 2.87 mmol/l. However, elevated glucose results were also found in a high proportion (49.2%) of patients with no previous history of diabetes. We performed glucose tolerance tests in 107 patients after discharge to determine the frequency of false positive observations. Fructosamine yielded five (4.6%) false-positive results, whereas plasma glucose yielded 47 (43.9%) false-positive observations. We conclude that serum fructosamine provides a more specific screening method for diabetes in this population because the results are unaffected by stress hyperglycemia. PMID- 3446158 TI - A matched pairs comparison of cycle ergometry and treadmill exercise testing in the evaluation of coronary heart disease. AB - In 105 patient pairs, matched for sex, aged within a ten-year range and with closely similar coronary disease, the sensitivity and specificity of treadmill testing using the Bruce Protocol was compared to cycle ergometry using the 100 kpm/min (16 W/min) increment protocol, and found to be similar. The parameters of use were ST segment depression (sensitivity of 52% for treadmill and 61% for cycle), test angina (65% and 61%), significant work impairment (66% and 68%) and impaired blood pressure response (31% and 20%). The sensitivity was increased (treadmill to 84%, cycle to 89%) if the four parameters were grouped, and abnormality in any one of them was regarded as a positive test. The equivalent severity of coronary disease resulted in more severe work impairment on the cycle than on the treadmill. The mean work level of the treadmill group was 80%, and of the cycle group, 61% of their respective, nomographically predicted, normal values. The difference was similar for the zero, single and multivessel disease groups. This difference should be recognised when comparing the two techniques. PMID- 3446159 TI - Tc-99m tertiary butyl isonitrile: a preliminary clinical study of a new myocardial imaging agent in patients with chest pain. AB - Tc-99m is a preferred agent for nuclear imaging. Tc-99m tertiary butyl isonitrile (Tc-99m-TBI) is the first of a family of lipophilic cations which allow effective imaging of the human myocardium. Twenty-one patients scheduled for coronary angiography for the investigation of their chest pain were studied after injections of this tracer given during exercise, and on a separate visit, at rest. Despite high uptake in the liver and transiently in the lungs, high quality gated images were obtained allowing the assessment of both myocardial uptake and wall motion. The findings corresponded closely with angiographic and ventriculographic assessment of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Redistribution of Tc-99m-TBI was shown to occur in ischemic myocardium analogous to that occurring with thallium-201 (TI-201). Similar agents with more favourable properties may well replace TI-201 as the myocardial imaging agent of choice in the near future. PMID- 3446160 TI - Are high blood sugar levels in the elderly ignored? AB - In a survey of 530 patients, aged 75 years and older, who were admitted to a general teaching hospital in Christchurch, 60 (11.3%) were known diabetics. One hundred and seventy-six other patients (33.2%) had a last measured laboratory blood glucose level of greater than 7.8 mmol/l, of whom 27 people (5.1% of all patients) had significant hyperglycemia (over 11 mmol/l). The Geriatric Assessment and Rehabilitation Unit (ARU) and acute general medical wards of the Princess Margaret Hospital made little use of the specialised Diabetes Services for help in managing known or newly diagnosed diabetics. The mean in-hospital laboratory blood glucose value for all diabetics was an unphysiological value of 12.2 mmol/l, compared with a community mean of 4.9 mmol/l and hyperglycemia persisted after resolution of acute medical problems. ARU diabetic patients had significantly lower blood glucose values than those achieved by physicians in acute medical wards. Prescribed medications such as steroids or diuretics contributing to insulin resistance were rarely modified. It is concluded that 16.4% of elderly patients had significant hyperglycemia or poorly managed diabetes mellitus, and that both general and geriatric physicians underestimated both the severity and consequences of elevated blood sugars in older patients in a regional New Zealand community with a 'high' diabetes profile. PMID- 3446161 TI - Results of a technique of mitral valve repair. AB - A particular technique for mitral repair of the posterior leaflet prolapse of the mitral valve has been used at Royal North Shore Hospital over a 15-year period. The anatomical details, complications and results of repair, as well as mortality, are reviewed in a group of 49 patients. Surgery in this group was performed with three peri-operative deaths. Three patients required re-operation due to the failure of repair; one patient within one month of surgery and the others at 6.5 and 9 years. All patients improved symptomatically following mitral repair. This series demonstrates that the repair of posterior leaflet prolapse can be performed in all patient age groups with low mortality and morbidity rates. A low incidence of reoperation for failure of repair and other complications related to valve surgery can be anticipated. PMID- 3446162 TI - Decreased incidence of adverse infusion reactions in hypogammaglobulinemic children receiving low pH intravenous immunoglobulin. AB - Eighteen patients (ages eight months to 20 years) with disorders of immunoglobulin and antibody production received infusions of two preparations of intravenous immunoglobulin in a blind crossover trial. The incidence and severity of immediate adverse infusion reactions was significantly lower with low pH immunoglobulin; ten patients (56%) experiencing immediate reactions with the standard preparation and only one patient experiencing an immediate reaction with the low pH preparation (p less than 0.01). Infusion times were significantly less with the low pH preparation (p less than 0.02) and patient tolerance, determined by visual analogue scores, was significantly better than with the standard preparation (p less than 0.01). However, the incidence of delayed reactions (44%) was the same for both infusions. PMID- 3446163 TI - Clinical electrophysiology study in patients with syncope of undetermined etiology. AB - The periodicity of symptoms in patients who present with syncope restricts the diagnostic value of prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring and furthermore, demonstration of arrhythmias in the absence of symptoms may not enable a firm diagnosis. Because of this, electrophysiology study is often necessary. A series of 89 consecutive patients with syncope of unknown origin is reported, highlighting the value and limitations of this technique. A diagnostic yield of 35% was found, with the majority having abnormalities of atrioventricular conduction. The presence of organic heart disease, 12-lead electrocardiographic abnormalities and a number of syncopal episodes did not influence the diagnostic utility of electrophysiology study. Patient follow-up suggested that therapeutic decisions based on the findings of electrophysiology study provide satisfactory symptomatic relief in a high percentage of cases, with a recurrence rate of 25% at mean follow-up of 14 months. PMID- 3446164 TI - Occurrence and distribution of hepatitis B infection in the aboriginal population of Western Australia. AB - In 1986, the prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and other serological markers of infection with hepatitis B virus in the Western Australian adult Aboriginal population, were estimated using a stratified random sample of 1,150 subjects. When the estimates were standardised to the age and sex distribution of the total population of aborigines aged 12 years or over, the prevalence of HBsAg was 7% (95% confidence interval 6-9%). The prevalence of any marker, that is HBsAg and/or hepatitis surface antibody (anti-HBs), was 49% (44 54%). The follow-up blood specimens obtained from three-fifths of the antigenemic subjects indicated that 96% (88-99%) were hepatitis B carriers. Male subjects had twice the prevalence of HBsAg (10%; 7-13%) when compared with females (4%; 3-6%). However, there was only a modest elevation of the prevalence of any marker in men (53%) compared with women (46%). There was evidence that the prevalence of HBsAg increased with age, but this was not the case with any marker. Geographically, there was substantial variation in hepatitis B infection rates. The Eastern Goldfields region had the highest prevalence (HBsAg 12%; any marker 66%), followed by the Kimberley, Pilbara and Central regions (HBsAg 7-9%; any marker 56 59%). The lowest rates were evident in Perth and the South West (HBsAg 3-5%; any marker 23-25%). The highest prevalence of markers in any discrete community was observed in the desert people of Warburton (HBsAg 22%; any marker 85%). These data indicate that, according to World Health Organisation criteria, the aboriginal population of Western Australia has an intermediate to high risk of infection with hepatitis B. PMID- 3446165 TI - Usefulness of estimating individual pharmacokinetic data for aminoglycoside therapy in seriously ill patients. AB - This study proposes the use of individual pharmacokinetic parameters to predict effective dosages of aminoglycosides for patients with serious infections. Parameters were calculated for 51 patients using a one-compartment model. This model required a trough and three postinfusion aminoglycoside concentrations from each patient, as well as least squares linear regression. A total of 56 dosing regimens (37 gentamicin, 19 tobramycin) were predicted from these parameters and the efficacy of this approach was examined by comparing the predicted peak (8 mg/l) and trough (1.5 mg/l) concentrations with the observed peak and trough concentrations measured 24 h later. Aminoglycoside concentrations in serum were measured using a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. Parameters varied widely, as the following ranges demonstrate: Volume of distribution 0.16-0.52 l/kg; clearance 0.04-0.17 l/kg/h; half-life 1.1-5.3 h. The doses predicted ranged from 3.2-16.9 mg/kg/day, with an average of 8.6 (standard deviation [SD] 3.4) mg/kg/day. The measured peak (mean 7.5; SD 1.6) and trough (mean 1.95; SD 0.57) concentrations closely approximated the predicted levels. The equations used underestimated trough concentrations mainly because of aminoglycoside accumulation. The changing pharmacokinetic parameters for each patient meant that regular drug assays were still required to fine-tune the dosing regimen. Two patients (4%) developed significant nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity was not assessed. We conclude that individual pharmacokinetic data for aminoglycoside therapy can be used effectively to predict dosages for desired concentrations in seriously ill patients. The dose required was on average 1.5-2 times the normal recommended dosage. PMID- 3446166 TI - Syphilitic aneurysm of the right subclavian artery presenting with hemoptysis. AB - A 40-year-old Australian Aboriginal female presented with hemoptysis in association with a right upper zone pulmonary and mediastinal mass. Several syphilitic infections in the patient had been documented during the previous 16 years. Death was due to a large hemoptysis, and autopsy revealed that the mass in the chest was a right subclavian artery aneurysm which had ruptured into the lung parenchyma. PMID- 3446167 TI - Acute tubular necrosis complicating bilateral retrograde pyelography. AB - Acute renal failure following retrograde pyelography is a rare occurrence. The mechanisms reported have focused upon urinary tract obstruction either at an intrarenal or ureteric level. This report describes the first biopsy-proven case of acute tubular necrosis complicating retrograde pyelography. We propose the etiology to be direct tubular toxicity resulting from pyelolymphatic reflux of contrast. PMID- 3446168 TI - Paraneoplastic optic neuritis and external ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 3446169 TI - Estimation of additive genetic, non-additive genetic, and permanent environmental sources of variation in preweaning traits in swine using the expectation maximization algorithm for restricted maximum likelihood. AB - 10188 growth records (performance up to weaning) of 283 Largewhite pigs were used to estimate various components of variance using a mixed linear model for the birth weight, litter size at birth, weaning weight, and litter size at weaning. Restricted maximum likelihood procedures were used. Object of the investigation were the respective additive genetic, non-additive genetic, and permanent environmental variation traits within the overall variation as well as the respective residual components. The results were tabulated and expressed specifically by way of the heritability and repeatability coefficients. PMID- 3446170 TI - Specific gravity measurements of lamb carcass joints. AB - 10 Ossimi lamb carcasses were used to determine the specific gravity values of different joint cuts. The correlation coefficients were established between the specific gravities of these joints and the percentages of fat and muscle in the rib saddle joint. It was found that the gravity of different carcass sections was significantly related to the muscle and fat percentages in the rib saddle joint. The results indicate that the specific gravity values of carcass sections can be utilized for a practical estimate and assessment of carcass components. PMID- 3446171 TI - The effect of sn-2 fatty acid substitution on phospholipase C enzyme activities. AB - The human monocyte cell line U937 expresses phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C activities and produces eicosanoids. The phospholipase C (PLC) activity exhibits substrate preference for phosphatidyl-choline (PC), rather than phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylethanolamine. In order to characterize the PLC activity found in these cells, the effects of substitution of the sn-2 fatty acid on this activity were examined. PC substrates with palmitic acid (PC-2P), oleic acid (PC-2O), arachidonic acid (PC-2A) and linoleic acid (PC-2L) at the sn 2 position were used. The sn-1 fatty acid was palmitic acid. PC-2L and PC-2A with the longer-chain less-saturated fatty acids linoleic acid and arachidonic acid esterified at sn-2 were found to be better substrates for PLC activity than PC-2P or PC-2O in these cells. This preference was maintained even when substrate phospholipid was solubilized in non-ionic, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic amphiphiles. Furthermore, when a 500-fold excess of 1,2-diolein or 1,2-dipalmitin was added to the reaction, the specificity of the PLC activity for PC-2A and PC 2L remained unchanged. When similar experiments were performed with phosphatidylinositol as a substrate, we did not observe any effect when the sn-2 position was altered. These data show that the fatty acid constituent at the sn-2 position affects the observed PLC activity when phosphatidylcholine, but not phosphatidylinositol, is used as a substrate by these cells. PMID- 3446172 TI - A rapid method for the reconstitution of Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport from bovine renal brush-border membranes. AB - 1. A simple and rapid method for the reconstitution of Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport activity from bovine renal brush border membranes is described. 2. The neutral detergent decanoyl-N-methylglucamide ('MEGA-10') was employed to solubilize the membrane protein. This obviated the necessity for a prolonged dialysis step. 3. The properties of amino acid transport in these vesicles were similar to those observed in native membranes. 4. This should be a useful procedure in the eventual identification and isolation of amino acid transport proteins. PMID- 3446173 TI - Fractionation of heparin-derived oligosaccharides by gradient polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. AB - Heparin-derived oligosaccharides, prepared by using flavobacterial heparinase, having a high degree of heterogeneity (sequence variability) were resolved into sharp well-defined bands by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The use of a stacking gel and a high-density-pore-gradient resolving gel was primarily responsible for the success of this separation. Low-Mr standards of known structure and having a degree of polymerization (dp) 2-6 were used to establish that the separation on gradient PAGE was primarily dependent on molecular size. High-Mr oligosaccharides (dp 8-20) were prepared using strong anion-exchange h.p.l.c. and were used to help characterize the gradient PAGE separation. Kinetic profiles were obtained for the depolymerization of heparin and heparan sulphate with heparinase and heparitinase respectively. The utility of this approach in sequencing oligosaccharides derived from glycosaminoglycans is discussed. PMID- 3446174 TI - The effects of Mg2+ and adenine nucleotides on the sensitivity of the heart mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ carrier to extramitochondrial Ca2+. A study using arsenazo III-loaded mitochondria. AB - The technique of reversible Ca2+-induced permeabilization [Al Nasser & Crompton (1986) Biochem. J. 239, 19-29, 31-40] has been applied to the preparation of heart mitochondria loaded with the Ca2+ indicator arsenazo III (2 nmol of arsenazo III/mg of mitochondrial protein). The loaded mitochondria ('mitosomes') were used to study the control of the Na+-Ca2+ carrier by extramitochondrial Ca2+ mediated by putative regulatory sites. The Vmax. of the Na+-Ca2+ carrier and the degree of regulatory-site-mediated inhibition were similar to normal heart mitochondria. Ca2+ occupation of the sites in mitosomes yields partial inhibition, which is half-maximal with 0.8 microM external free Ca2+. The inhibition consists of a small decrease in Vmax. and a relatively large increase in apparent Km for internal Ca2+. Mg2+ also appears to interact with the sites, but this is largely abolished by ATP and ADP (but not AMP) under conditions in which the free [Mg2+] is maintained constant. The results indicate that the regulatory sites are effective in controlling the Na+-Ca2+ carrier at physiological concentrations of adenine nucleotides, Mg2+, intra- and extra mitochondrial free Ca2+. PMID- 3446175 TI - Spectroscopic studies on Tb3+ binding to S-100a protein. AB - Direct binding assay and fluorescence studies revealed that S-100a protein binds 2 mol of Tb3+/mol of protein at pH 6.6. The protein binds Tb3+ much more tightly than Ca2+, and the upper limit of the observed Kd value for Tb3+ is 3.5 x 10(-6) M. The Tb3+-binding site on the protein must be close to a tyrosine residue, as indicated by fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, where energy transfer from tyrosine is noted. Addition of Tb3+ resulted in a conformational change in the protein, as revealed by u.v.-difference spectroscopy and c.d. studies. Far u.v. c.d. studies indicated the helical content to decrease from approx. 39% to 35% in the presence of Tb3+. From u.v.-difference-spectroscopy results the single tryptophan and the tyrosine chromophores in S-100a protein are blue-shifted (i.e. exposed to the solvent) in the presence of Tb3+ and the observed conformational changes are similar to those induced by Ca2+, suggesting that Tb3+ can be employed as a Ca2+ analogue in spectral studies with S-100a protein. PMID- 3446176 TI - An NAD+-dependent alanine dehydrogenase from a methylotrophic bacterium. AB - A study was made of the NAD+-dependent alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) elaborated by the methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain MA when growing on succinate and NH4Cl. This enzyme was purified 400-fold and was found to be highly specific for NH3 and NAD+; however, hydroxypyruvate and bromopyruvate, but not alpha-oxoglutarate or glyoxylate, could replace pyruvate to a limited extent. The Mr of the native enzyme was shown to be 217,000, and electrophoresis in SDS/polyacrylamide gels revealed a minimum Mr of 53,000, suggesting a four subunit structure. The enzyme, which has a pH optimum of 9.0, operated almost exclusively in the aminating direction in vitro. It was induced by NH3 or by alanine, and was repressed by growth on methylamine or glutamate. It is suggested that this enzyme has two roles in this organism, namely in NH3 assimilation and in alanine catabolism. PMID- 3446177 TI - Anti-actin antibodies. An immunological approach to the myosin-actin and the tropomyosin-actin interfaces. AB - The topography of the rigor complex between subfragment-1 (S-1) of myosin and actin was investigated by using several specific antibodies directed to well located sequences in actin. A major contact area for S-1 was characterized in the hydrophilic 18-28 constant sequence, and the variable 1-7 sequence was only found to be in close proximity to the interface. The C-terminal extremity of actin situated around Cys-374 appeared to be included in a region close to the S-1 heavy chain and the N-terminal part of actin. The interaction between tropomyosin and actin was also studied. Neither of the terminal parts of actin were involved in this interaction. Thus, the regions involved in the interactions of S-1 and tropomyosin with actin do not overlap. PMID- 3446178 TI - Purification and some properties of a novel heat-stable cis-toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. AB - cis-Toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase was purified 200-fold from cells of a thermotolerant Bacillus species grown with toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The purified enzyme preparation was remarkably heat-stable and exhibited a half-life of 100 min at 80 degrees C, the temperature optimum. The activation energy of the reaction was 36 kJ.mol-1. Isoelectric focusing indicated that the pI of the native enzyme was 6.4 and that of the denatured enzyme 6.5. Although the pH optimum was 9.8, the enzyme was most stable at pH 8. The Mr of the enzyme was approx. 172,000 as determined by gel filtration and 166,000 by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was composed of six apparently identical subunits with Mr values of 29,500. Kinetic analysis revealed that the Km for cis-toluene dihydrodiol was 92 microM and for NAD+ was 80 microM. The apparent Km values for cis-benzene dihydrodiol and cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol were 330 microM and 51 microM respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by mercurials but was unaffected by metal-ion chelators. Steady-state kinetics and product-inhibition patterns suggested that the enzyme mechanism was ordered Bi Bi. PMID- 3446179 TI - Biochemical characterization of individual normal, floppy and rheumatic human mitral valves. AB - Human mitral valves (32 floppy and 17 rheumatic) obtained at surgery were analysed and compared with 35 normal (autopsy) valves. Total amounts of collagen, proteoglycan and elastin were increased approx. 3-fold in floppy and rheumatic valves. The water content of rheumatic cusps was lower than normal. The most significant changes in floppy valves were the 59% increase in mean value of the proteoglycan content, a large increase in the ease of extractability of proteoglycans from 26.7 to 57.2% of the total and a 62% increase in mean value of the elastin content in the anterior cusps. Normal human mitral valve cusps contained a mean proportion of 29.3 (and chordae 26.6) type III collagen (as % of total types III + I collagen), the values increasing significantly to 33.2 and 36.3% respectively in chronic rheumatic disease. The ratio observed in floppy valves depended on the extent of secondary surface fibrosis, which could be demonstrated histologically; in valve cusps with considerable secondary fibrosis, the percentage of type III increased significantly (to 34.4%), whereas it decreased significantly (to 25.2%) when fibrosis was negligible. It is concluded that the ratio of collagen types in floppy valves reflects the extent of secondary fibrosis rather than the pathogenesis of the disrupted collagen in the central core of the valve. PMID- 3446180 TI - Biphasic interaction of Triton detergents with the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Octylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethers (Triton detergents) interact with the erythrocyte membrane in a biphasic manner, i.e. they stabilize erythrocytes against hypo-osmotic haemolysis at low concentrations (0.0001-0.01%, v/v), but become haemolytic at higher concentrations. This biphasic behaviour was demonstrated with Triton X-114, Triton X-100 and Triton X-102. However, a critical chain length is a prerequisite for the haemolytic effect, because Triton X-45, which differs from the other Tritons only by the shorter chain of the polyoxyethylene residue, does not exhibit this biphasic behaviour, but goes on protecting against osmotic rupture up to saturating concentrations. Even a 1% solution of Triton X-45 does not cause haemolysis. This structural specificity of Triton X-45, namely the lack of haemolysis and efficient stabilization against osmolysis even at higher concentrations of the detergent, is exhibited at 0 degree and 37 degrees C as well as at room temperature. Three conclusions are reached: (i) a critical chain length of the octylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethers is required for the haemolytic effect; (ii) the different structural requirements would suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for the haemolytic and the stabilizing effect of amphiphilic substances; (iii) the results suggest that haemolysis is not caused simply by dissolution of the membrane by the detergent but is a rather more specific process. PMID- 3446181 TI - Benzene dioxygenase in Pseudomonas putida. Subunit composition and immuno-cross reactivity with other aromatic dioxygenases. AB - The terminal oxygenase component of benzene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida strain ML2 was shown to contain two subunits, of Mr 54,500 and 23,500, by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The native Mr of the terminal oxygenase was estimated to be 168,000 +/- 4000. Polyclonal antibodies raised against each of the subunits cross-reacted with two polypeptides in cell-free extracts from toluene-grown Pseudomonas putida strain N.C.I.B. 11767. The Mr values of these polypeptides were similar to those reported for the subunits from the terminal dioxygenase component of toluene dioxygenase. These polypeptides were present only when this strain was grown on toluene. No cross-reactivity was observed with subunits of the naphthalene dioxygenase or benzoate dioxygenase systems. PMID- 3446182 TI - Fibrin assembly after fibrinopeptide A release in model systems and human plasma studied with magnetic birefringence. AB - Magnetically induced birefringence was used to monitor fibrin polymerization after the release of the small negatively charged A fibrinopeptides from human fibrinogen by the action of the snake-venom-derived enzymes reptilase and ancrod. A range of conditions was investigated. Fibrin polymerization in solutions of purified fibrinogen shows a distinct break near the gelation point. On addition of Ca2+ or albumin the lag period is shortened, fibre thickness is increased and the break in assembly almost vanishes, probably because both of these additives promote lateral aggregation. There are minor differences in the kinetics, depending on the venom enzyme used. The kinetics of fibrin assembly in model systems containing either Ca2+ or albumin and in human plasma with a largely dormant coagulation cascade are very similar. Therefore in the latter condition there is no significant alteration in the assembly process due to interaction between fibrin or the venom enzymes and any of the plasma proteins. When the cascade is activated, the polymerization progress curves have a character that resembles a combination of the reactions observed when the venom enzymes and endogenously generated thrombin separately induce coagulation, except for a region near gelation where, paradoxically, polymerization appears to be slower on activation. The low-angle neutron-diffraction patterns from oriented gels made with thrombin or reptilase are identical. Therefore at low resolution the packing of the monomers within fibres is the same when fibrinopeptide A only or both fibrinopeptides A and B are removed. PMID- 3446183 TI - Immunochemical probing of the structure and cofactor of NADH dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - Monospecific antibody to the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans was prepared by using as antigen specific immunoprecipitates containing NADH dehydrogenase which were excised from crossed immunoelectrophoresis plates. The latter were run with selectively solubilized plasma membranes and antibodies against plasma membranes. The antibody immunoprecipitated NADH dehydrogenase from P. denitrificans membranes biosynthetically labelled with 14C and solubilized with a wide range of detergents. All immunoprecipitates contained the two subunits of Mr 48,000 and 25,000, in an approximate 1:1 stoichiometry, that had previously been assigned to NADH dehydrogenase. A polypeptide of Mr 46,000 in P. denitrificans membranes, previously shown to cross-react with a subunit-specific antibody to mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), was not detected in any immunoprecipitate. Under some conditions a third polypeptide, of Mr 31,000, was also detected, but in variable and non-stoichiometric amounts relative to the two other subunits. It was concluded that this polypeptide was incorporated into the immunoprecipitates as an artefact and that the polypeptides of Mr 48,000 and 25,000 are the sole polypeptides firmly identified in the NADH dehydrogenase. Flavoproteins were specifically radiolabelled by growth of P. denitrificans in the presence of [14C]riboflavin. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of membranes from such cells showed that succinate dehydrogenase contained flavin, but that there was no detectable flavin in NADH dehydrogenase under these conditions. Analysis of excised immunoprecipitates of succinate dehydrogenase showed that flavin was covalently bound to a polypeptide of Mr 56,000. Flavin was retained by NADH dehydrogenase under mild conditions of detergent solubilization. Subsequent immunoprecipitation, followed by analysis of the acid-extracted flavin, established that FMN is a cofactor, in common with mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). PMID- 3446184 TI - Identification and isolation of soluble histones from bovine milk and serum. AB - An immunoassay for soluble histones as trace components of biological fluids was developed on the basis of the dual capacity of histones to bind solid-phase DNA and monoclonal anti-histone antibody. Application of this histone-capture assay to bovine milk resulted in a positive signal, and DNA-cellulose chromatography was used to isolate histone-like material in microgram quantities. Western-blot analysis using a panel of anti-histone antibodies demonstrated the presence of histones H2A, H2B and H4 in apparently intact form. DNAase digestion experiments indicated that at least a portion of milk histone was complexed to DNA. Bovine serum was analysed in the same manner on serial DNA-cellulose columns, and H4 and partially degraded H2A were detected by Western-blot analysis. The finding of soluble histones in bovine milk and serum may account for unexpected results when these biological fluids are used as blocking reagents in Western blots and other immunoassays and may have ramifications in the origin and significance of anti histone antibodies in human disease. PMID- 3446185 TI - Heterogeneity of rat skin heparin chains with high affinity for antithrombin. AB - Subfractions of 35S-labelled rat skin heparin proteoglycans with various degrees of high affinity for antithrombin were obtained by gradient elution from a column of antithrombin-agarose. Heparin chains released from the proteoglycan preparations by beta-elimination with alkali were re-fractionated on the same column. Proportions of chains with high affinity for antithrombin (HA-chains) ranged from 17% to 76%. These separations also revealed three overlapping subfractions of HA-chains. Their proportions varied in a manner consistent with a stepwise increase in the degree of affinity of HA-chains for antithrombin, this presumably being due to the biosynthesis of increasing numbers of antithrombin binding sites per chain. The anticoagulant activity, with respect to thrombin neutralization, ranged from 32 units/mg to 287 units/mg. It is suggested that HA chains may have from one to five or six antithrombin-binding sites. Thus the asymmetric distribution of these sites in rat skin heparin proteoglycans is much more marked than was realized from the earlier work of Horner & Young [(1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8749-8754]. PMID- 3446186 TI - An abundant and novel protein of 22 kDa (SM22) is widely distributed in smooth muscles. Purification from bovine aorta. AB - Using a rabbit polyclonal-antibody preparation directed against the chicken gizzard protein, we demonstrated by immunoblotting the presence of the 22 kDa protein (SM22) in a variety of chicken smooth-muscle-containing organs, including uterus, intestine, gizzard, oesophagus and aorta. Protein SM22 was present in only trace amounts in brain, liver and heart, and could not be detected in chicken breast muscle. The antibody preparation did not cross-react with extracts of bovine aorta. However, the presence of SM22 as a major component in bovine aorta and pig carotid was demonstrated by its co-migration with the purified chicken gizzard protein on one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. Its molar abundance relative to actin was estimated to be 0.9:6.0 and 1.4:6.0 for bovine aorta and pig carotid respectively. Like the chicken gizzard protein, it separates on pH-gradient electrophoresis into at least three variants, alpha, beta and gamma, with similar apparent Mr. Purification of the aorta SM22 showed it to have a similar amino acid composition to the chicken gizzard protein. We conclude that SM22 is widely distributed and an abundant and unique protein component of smooth-muscle tissues of birds and mammals. PMID- 3446187 TI - Effect of liver fatty acid binding protein on fatty acid movement between liposomes and rat liver microsomes. AB - Although movement of fatty acids between bilayers can occur spontaneously, it has been postulated that intracellular movement is facilitated by a class of proteins named fatty acid binding proteins (FABP). In this study we have incorporated long chain fatty acids into multilamellar liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine, incubated them with rat liver microsomes containing an active acyl-CoA synthetase, and measured formation of acyl-CoA in the absence or presence of FABP purified from rat liver. FABP increased about 2-fold the accumulation of acyl-CoA when liposomes were the fatty acid donor. Using fatty acid incorporated into liposomes made either of egg yolk lecithin or of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, it was found that the temperature dependence of acyl-CoA accumulation in the presence of FABP correlated with both the physical state of phospholipid molecules in the liposomes and the binding of fatty acid to FABP, suggesting that fatty acid must first desorb from the liposomes before FABP can have an effect. An FABP-fatty acid complex incubated with microsomes, in the absence of liposomes, resulted in greater acyl-CoA formation than when liposomes were present, suggesting that desorption of fatty acid from the membrane is rate limiting in the accumulation of acyl-CoA by this system. Finally, an equilibrium dialysis cell separating liposomes from microsomes on opposite sides of a Nuclepore filter was used to show that liver FABP was required for the movement and activation of fatty acid between the compartments. These studies show that liver FABP interacts with fatty acid that desorbs from phospholipid bilayers, and promotes movement to a membrane-bound enzyme, suggesting that FABP may act intracellularly by increasing net desorption of fatty acid from cell membranes. PMID- 3446188 TI - Changes in oleic acid oxidation and incorporation into lipids of differentiating L6 myoblasts cultured in normal or fatty acid-supplemented growth medium. AB - L6 myoblasts accumulate large stores of neutral lipid (predominantly triacylglycerol) when cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium. No accumulation of neutral lipid was evident in myotubes (differentiated myoblasts) when treated similarly. Triacylglycerol accumulation was rapid and dependent on exogenous fatty acid concentration. Triacylglycerol content in myoblasts cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium was approx. 3-fold higher than that in myotubes treated similarly and 2-3-fold higher than that in myoblasts cultured in normal growth medium. Incorporation studies using [I-14C]oleic acid showed that myoblasts and myotubes take up exogenous fatty acid at similar rates. However, cells cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium remove more exogenous fatty acid than do cells cultured in normal growth medium. Over 90% of the incorporated label was found in phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions in all situations studied. Myoblasts incorporated a more significant proportion (P less than 0.001) of label into triacylglycerol compared with that of myotubes. No differences in fatty acid oxidation rates were detected when differentiating L6 cells cultured in normal growth medium were compared with those cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium. However, fatty acid oxidation rates were observed to increase 3-5-fold upon myoblast differentiation. We conclude that there is a marked change in the pattern of lipid metabolism when myoblasts (primarily triacylglycerol-synthesizing cells) differentiate into myotubes (primarily phospholipid-synthesizing cells). Understanding these changes, which coincide with normal muscle development, may be important, since a defect in this natural switch could explain the observed accumulation of lipid in muscle characteristic of some of the muscular dystrophies and other lipid-storage myopathies. PMID- 3446189 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies that recognize band 4.5 polypeptides associated with nucleoside transport in pig erythrocytes. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies have been raised against partially purified band 4.5 polypeptides [Steck (1974) J. Cell Biol. 62, 1-19] from pig erythrocyte membranes. The antibodies were capable of binding to both intact pig erythrocytes and protein-depleted membrane preparations and recognized detergent-solubilized polypeptides from adult and neonatal pig erythrocytes that were photolabelled with [G-3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), a potent specific inhibitor of nucleoside transport. The antibodies did not recognize polypeptides from neonatal pig erythrocytes that were photolabelled with the glucose-transport inhibitor [3H]cytochalasin B. Reactivity with polypeptides of apparent Mr 64,000 [10% (w/v) acrylamide gels] was demonstrated by Western-blot analysis. The antibodies recognized pig band 4.5 polypeptides after prolonged treatment with endoglycosidase F, a finding consistent with reactivity against polypeptide, rather than carbohydrate, determinants. Trypsin digestion of NBMPR-labelled protein-depleted pig erythrocyte membranes generated two labelled polypeptide fragments (Mr 43,000 and 26,000). Two of the antibodies recognized both fragments on Western blots, whereas the third bound to the larger, but not to the smaller, fragment. The antibodies had no significant effect on reversible binding of NBMPR to protein-depleted pig erythrocyte membranes and did not bind to NBMPR-labelled polypeptides in human, rabbit or mouse erythrocytes. PMID- 3446191 TI - Down-regulation of protein kinase C is due to an increased rate of degradation. AB - The phorbol-ester-induced loss of protein kinase C that has been documented in many cell types appears to be a critical event in the generation of a cellular refractory state. We have investigated here the synthesis and degradation of the protein kinase C polypeptide in order to determine why its steady-state amounts are depleted in response to phorbol esters. These results indicate that depletion is due to an increased rate of degradation, with no change either in mRNA amounts or in rates of polypeptide synthesis. PMID- 3446190 TI - Subcellular localization of inositol lipids in blood platelets as deduced from the use of labelled precursors. AB - 1. By rapid fractionation of blood platelet lysates on Percoll density gradients at alkaline pH (9.6), a very pure plasma-membrane fraction was obtained, as well as discrimination between endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. 2. Labelling of intact platelets with [32P]Pi followed by subcellular fractionation showed an exclusive localization of all inositol lipids in the plasma membrane. 3. Preincubation of whole platelets with myo-[3H]inositol in a buffer containing 1 mM-MnCl2 allowed incorporation of the label into PtdIns (phosphatidylinositol) of both plasma and endoplasmic-reticulum membrane, whereas [3H]PtdIns4P (phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and [3H]PtdIns(4,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) were exclusively found on the plasma membrane. 4. It is concluded that PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 are exclusively localized in the plasma membrane, whereas PtdIns is present in both plasma and endoplasmic-reticulum membranes. This could provide an explanation for previously reported data on hormone-sensitive and -insensitive inositol lipid pools. PMID- 3446193 TI - Failure of analysis of amino acid composition as a probe for sequence similarity in tetanus toxin. PMID- 3446192 TI - Graphical and statistical analysis of hyperbolic tight-binding inhibition. AB - Equations are described for the analysis of enzyme-catalysed reactions in the presence of hyperbolic tight-binding inhibitors using both graphical and non linear-regression methods. The general character of the equations allows the interpretation of several other kinetic mechanisms. As an example, the tight binding hyperbolic non-competitive inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by a polysulphated glycosaminoglycan is analysed. PMID- 3446194 TI - Interaction of procion red HE-3B and other reactive dyes with alkaline phosphatase: a study by means of kinetic, difference spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. AB - The interaction of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from calf intestine with different dyes, especially with Procion Red HE-3B was studied by several methods. From the kinetic analysis a nonlinear noncompetitive type of inhibition with an inhibition constant Ki = 0.03 mM for Procion Red HE-3B and Cibacron Blue F3G-A was estimated. The extent of inhibition of the two dyes at constant substrate and inhibitor concentration is 10 to 20 times higher than that of natural inhibitors like L-phenylalanine and NADH. Difference spectroscopic measurements with Procion Red HE-3B showed that the enzyme dimer possesses two binding sites for the dye. The dissociation constant of the dye-enzyme complex was estimated to be Kd = 0.01 mM. The binding of Procion Red HE-3B to the enzyme is mainly stabilized by electrostatic interactions. Large aromatic parts of a dye molecule like a combination of two naphthol ring systems or an anthraquinone ring flanked by spatially arranged charged substituents are important for the extent of specificity. The elution of the enzyme from the immobilized dye and the quenching of the dye-protein difference spectral signal by the competitive inhibitor phosphate and by substrates suggest the involvement of the active center of the enzyme in the dye binding region. PMID- 3446195 TI - The electroneutral transport of anions into mitochondria causes apparent saturation characteristics. AB - A theoretical analysis of the apparent saturation characteristics of anion accumulation by mitochondria is presented. The decrease in the accumulation ratio observed with increasing extramitochondrial anion concentration can be caused solely by the cotransport of protons due to the electroneutral transport mechanism and might not indicate that mitochondria have a limited anionic capacity. On this basis a mathematical model of anion distribution was developed which sufficiently describes the published experimental data of anion accumulation by mitochondria. PMID- 3446196 TI - Metabolism of beta-casomorphin and its derivatives in rat brain and liver homogenates. AB - Derivatives of opiate-like acting beta-casomorphin (beta-CM), (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro Gly), were prepared by substitution of D-amino acids. The metabolism of these analogs was studied in brain and liver homogenates. Their half-lives and the metabolites resulting from their biological degradation were determined by means of the HPLC-technique. Resistance to biological degradation, which was considerably enhanced in some derivatives, was shown to depend on the position of the D-amino acids. The following substances proved to be particularly stable: D Pro2-beta-CM, Des-Tyr-D-Pro2-beta-CM, Des-Tyr-D-Phe3-beta-CM. The resulting metabolites suggest that the activity of proline-specific peptidases is predominant in the catabolic process. The degradation pattern of beta-CM pentapeptides produced by peptidases in the brain and liver is completely different from that of the enkephalin-pentapeptides, which are likewise protected by substitution of D-stereoisomers for certain L-amino acids. The different degradation kinetics of beta-CM-pentapeptides in neuronal and non-neuronal tissue homogenates (liver) reflect the variation in activity of certain peptidases. Considering the half-lives that we have estimated, we suggest which of the peptides tested has a high resistance against biological degradation in vivo. PMID- 3446197 TI - Binding and internalization of low density lipoproteins in fetal rat liver at term under in vivo and in vitro conditions. AB - Binding and internalization of rat low density lipoproteins (LDL) by fetal rat liver cells were studied under in vivo and in vitro conditions by ultrastructural and biochemical methods. By using LDL-gold conjugates it could be shown that on day 22 of gestation hepatocytes and Kupffer cells mainly contribute to specific binding and uptake of LDL, but not endothelial cells. Estrogen administration to the pregnant rats stimulated binding and internalization of LDL-gold. The binding characteristics of isolated fetal hepatocytes were determined by 125I-LDL. The data allow the conclusion that fetal hepatocytes and Kupffer cells possess specific B/E receptors. PMID- 3446198 TI - Long-term effects on behaviour after postnatal treatment with monosodium-L glutamate. AB - 22 rats of the Long-Evans strain (11 males and 11 females) were treated from the first to the eleventh postnatal day (pd) with daily subcutaneous injections of 4 mg/g body weight monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) in aqua dest. Further 11 males and 7 females were used as controls and received isotonic NaCl-solution on the same days. The neurological investigation after 1 month revealed no difference between MSG-treated or untreated controls. All MSG treated rats were retarded in growth and body weight development. None of them died from the treatment. During 10 min exposure in a 60 x 75 x 22 cm open field (OF) we found higher rates of infrared beam crossing on pd 12-14, more rearing on pd 12, 16 and 32 and less immobility of MSG rats. Latencies of immobility and grooming were significantly prolonged versus controls. We found no essential differences of MSG effects between males and females. At the age of 4 months the ability for active avoidance was tested. When they could find the escape possibility, then the escape velocity was like in controls. But MSG rats had troubles to find this possibility at the beginning of a Y-maze training and during alternation of the goal (brightness discrimination). They never found the escape and avoidance possibility in a vertical jump test. PMID- 3446199 TI - Enhancement of biliary phospholipid secretion by diethyl maleate administration in the rabbit. AB - The effect of diethyl maleate administration on biliary phospholipid secretion was studied in male New Zealand rabbits. Bile flow was significantly enhanced during the first 40 min following i.p. injection of diethyl maleate at 3.2 mmol/kg body wt., after which it decreased progressively to values half those of the controls at 2 h of injection of the chemical. Bile acid secretion was not significantly modified during choleresis but was significantly reduced from 60 min of diethyl maleate administration onwards. A significant increase in biliary phospholipid secretion parallel to that occurring in bile flow was observed in diethyl maleate-treated rabbits. Our data confirm the uncoupling previously described for the rat between bile acid and phospholipid secretion into bile during diethyl maleate-induced choleresis. PMID- 3446200 TI - Arginine-vasopressin and lysine-vasopressin have different effects on spontaneous behaviour of rats. AB - Two groups of each 8 adult male hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain received single subcutaneous injections of 1 microgram/kg arginine-vasopressin (AVP) or 1 microgram/kg lysine-vasopressin (LVP) 15 min before investigation in an open field (OF) and 30 min before investigation of locomotion in a wheel (W). The behavioural parameters were statistically compared with two control groups. AVP significantly increased infrared beam crossings in the OF, wheel-running and the mobility of the rats in both tests. LVP had a strong just opposite effect. LVP facilitated habituation and AVP weakened it. AVP facilitated rearing, whereas LVP suppressed it. The duration of immobility was strongly enhanced after LVP in both tests (380% in the OF and 920% in the W) but AVP had no prolonging effect. The latency of the first immobility phase in the OF was increased to 250% after AVP and decreased to 45% after LVP. Grooming was not influenced by AVP, whereas LVP strongly reduced the grooming duration and prolonged the grooming latency in the OF. The contrary effects of AVP and LVP are highly significant. They may be summarized as activating effect on motor behaviour and exploration by AVP and inhibitory action of LVP. PMID- 3446201 TI - Effect of isoprenaline on tissue elastin content and serum elastolytic activity in normal and hydrazinophthalazine-treated rats. AB - Cardiomyopathy was produced by isoprenaline injections to healthy and hydrazinophthalazine-treated rats. The elastin content in the heart muscle and the aortic wall as well as the level of serum elastolytic activity were determined. An increase of elastin content in both tissues was found, and its progress was concomitant with the development of isoprenaline injury. It was also found that the elastolytic activity increased on the second day after the last isoprenaline injection, and on the seventh day of the experiment it began to decrease. Changes in hydrazinophthalazine-treated rats after dosing them with isoprenaline had a similar tendency but they were significantly lower than those found in healthy animals receiving isoprenaline only. PMID- 3446202 TI - Influence of taurine on the posthypoxic dopamine release inhibition in comparison to piracetam. AB - Taurine (10 mg/kg) does not show any effects on the posthypoxic inhibition of dopamine release from rat striatum slices. When given twice a day for a fortnight, the drug exhibits almost a total protection of release mechanisms. On that account, piracetam acts restitutively. PMID- 3446203 TI - Inhibition of the butyrylcholinesterase by ethidium bromide. AB - The effect of ethidium bromide (3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridinium bromide) on the activity of purified horse serum butyrylcholinesterase in vitro has been studied. Ethidium bromide is a middle reversible inhibitor with complex mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition kinetics. The inhibitor is bound to the anionic site of the enzyme surface. PMID- 3446204 TI - Photochemiluminescent detection of antiradical activity. I. Assay of superoxide dismutase. AB - The luminol sensitized photogeneration of superoxide radicals was combined with their luminol-dependent chemiluminescent detection. The inhibition of chemiluminescence by superoxide dismutase (SOD) versus enzyme concentration in reciprocals was strongly linear. The amount of SOD notable for 50% inhibition was between 115 and 500 ng for different enzyme preparations. PMID- 3446205 TI - Age dependent changes in the activity of the cytosolic fraction from rat liver to stimulate polysomal protein synthesis and the role of initiation factor eIF-2. AB - The protein synthesis stimulating activity of the cytosol from the livers of rats of different age was tested in a cell-free system using washed rat liver polysomes. This activity declines significantly with increasing age. From experiments on the effect of addition of purified eIF-2 to the cell-free polysomal/cytosolic systems as well as from changes in the Met-tRNA(f) binding activity of the cytosol it is concluded that alterations in eIF-2 play an essential role in the decrease of protein synthesis with increasing age. PMID- 3446206 TI - Transplantation of dentate granular cells after lesion of the dentate area by colchicine. AB - Colchicine selectively eliminated granular cells of the dentate area, and evoked potentials could no longer be recorded after perforant path stimulation. Colchicine treated rats were unable to learn a conditioned reaction via perforant path stimulation. The aim of this work was to investigate whether colchicine damaged granular cells could be replaced by grafting neonatal dentate area neurons. After injection of suspended granular cells no satisfactory development of grafted cells was seen, whereas granular cells of solid grafts did develop well, and a moderate reinnervation of the CA3-sector by mossy fibers sprouting out of the grafted cells was observed. In principle it is possible to replace colchicine damaged dentate granular cells by grafts in a few segments of the hippocampal formation. A total reconstitution of the damaged dentate area, including the mossy fiber system, will need a fundamental optimisation of the grafting technique used. PMID- 3446207 TI - Contractile properties of fast and slow twitch muscles of the rat at temperatures between 6 and 42 degrees C. AB - The effect of a wide range of temperature on the development of twitch and tetanic tension was investigated in directly stimulated rat fast (EDL) and slow (SOL) twitch muscle preparations. When increasing the temperature from 6 to 30 degrees C the maximum tetanic tension rose steadily. The Q10 was 2.3 (EDL) and 2.7 (SOL) for temperatures between 12 and 22 degrees C. The twitch tension output of SOL muscle increased up to 36-38 degrees C, whereas the EDL muscle exhibited a distinct maximum at 22 degrees C followed by a 50% decrease at 34 degrees C. Post tetanic potentiation was observed in EDL muscle at temperatures higher than 20 degrees C. In SOL muscle neither posttetanic potentiation nor cold potentiation could be observed. The twitch/tetanus ratio was 0.2-0.3 at 35 degrees C but 0.7 0.8 at 6 degrees C. In both muscle types the most characteristic effect of temperature was the prolongation of the time to peak and the relaxation time in parallel to cooling. The tension rise of fast twitch rat muscle during cooling from 35 degrees C downwards can be compared to the cold potentiation of frog sartorius muscle. It is suggested that the main effect of temperature on muscle function concerns the process of Ca2+ release and of Ca2+ uptake. The different response of SOL muscle may be related to the less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum and the lower Ca2+ ATPase activity. PMID- 3446208 TI - Measurement of tissue catecholamines of obese rats by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - The content and turnover of norepinephrine was measured in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT) and heart of lean and monosodium glutamate treated obese rats (GOR). An HPLC-ECD method was used for efficient separation and sensitive detection of catecholamines with an appropriate sample preparation, especially for lipid rich tissues. The lower basal norepinephrine level and the slower norepinephrine turnover in organs of the glutamate obese rats indicate a diminished activity of the sympathetic nervous system which may be a reason for a reduced thermogenic response and in this way contributes to the development of obesity. PMID- 3446209 TI - On the development of eye-head coordination in freely moving rabbits during the first month of life. AB - Eye and head movements were recorded in unrestrained spontaneously behaving alert rabbits during the first postnatal month with the search coil technique using phase angle detection in a rotating magnetic field. In the first postnatal week saccadic eye movements occurred seldom and were of small amplitude. After an increase in frequency, amplitude, and velocity of saccadic eye movements the rabbits achieved an effective intersaccadic stabilization of eye position in space during active movements at the end of the third postnatal week. However, the characteristic adult pattern of alternate saccadic eye movements accompanied by head movements and slow eye movements compensating head movements was already observed at the time of eye opening (around the 12th postnatal day). Saccades initiated while the head was stationary occurred for the first time during the second postnatal week. It is concluded that the coordination and the dynamics of active eye and head movements in postnatally developing rabbits already considerably contribute to the reduction of retinal image slip velocity at the time of the postnatal opening of the eyes. PMID- 3446210 TI - Ethanol preference and sterotype behavior of rats. AB - Relations between ethanol consumption and variations of dopaminergic activity expressed by altered apomorphine induced stereotypy behaviour in the rat were investigated. The results of this study show an increase of the stimulating effect of 1 mg/kg apomorphine in nonpreferent ethanol pretreated animals. These changes are present until 72 h after ethanol withdrawal. Ethanol preferent rats do not differ significantly in their stereotypy behaviour from ethanol untreated animals. The observed behavioural alterations will be discussed as an expression of dopaminergic supersensitivity in nigrostriatal structures in nonpreferent rats after chronic ethanol treatment. PMID- 3446211 TI - Early lithium-induced nephrotoxicity and changes of renal hemodynamics in rats. AB - In adult female rats, 2-day pretreatment as well as acute lithium administration led to changes of several functional renal parameters indicating early signs of nephrotoxicity. The infection of lithium (0.3 mmol/100 g b.wt., ip.) provoked a statistically significant decrease of the glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), fractional tubular sodium reabsorption and the excretion of hydrogen ions, whereas blood urea nitrogen concentrations, the renal excretion of potassium and p-aminohippurate were enhanced during the test periods. This lithium-induced damage of kidney functions parallels with alterations in renal hemodynamics (86Rb method). Especially following subacute lithium treatment the normally higher cortical blood flow distribution in the kidney shifted to the medullary regions (OMBF, IMBF), because the intrarenal resistance was diminished there. The results represented, however, must be interpreted in that way that not always a strong correlation between the lithium-induced alterations of renal elimination functions and the changes in renal blood flow distribution could be proved. PMID- 3446212 TI - The effects of religious beliefs on the health care practices of the Amish. AB - The religious and cultural beliefs of the Amish result in many health care beliefs and practices which are significantly different from the dominant American culture. For example, the Amish are excluded from social security and health insurance coverage; they have different perceptions of health and illness; they do not practice birth control; they often lack the preventive practices of immunizations and prenatal care; and they may use a variety of traditional and nontraditional health care providers. Only by understanding the religiocultural belief system of this minority religious sect can nurse practitioners effectively meet the health care needs of their Amish patients. PMID- 3446213 TI - Understanding and supporting families in the process of divorce. AB - The current U.S. divorce rate of 40 percent, involving a total of 12 million children under the age of 18, is a compelling factor for family health care providers. In working with families in the process of divorce, it is important to understand divorce as a series of events involving a period of transition. The process is complex and multifaceted, requiring the disintegration of one family structure and the reorganization of another. Children and adolescents will respond to the divorce of their parents contingent on their developmental levels, their temperaments and the amount and quality of their environmental supports. Parents are expected to provide stability for their children at a time when their own lives may be falling apart. How parents handle the situational crisis and accomplish the reorganization of the family in the post-divorce period is a significant variable in long-term individual and family adjustment. Through awareness and sensitivity to the issues involved, the nurse practitioner can be a positive and stable influence during this critical period. PMID- 3446214 TI - [Syntheses and pharmacological activities of 2-(substituted phenoxymethyl)morpholine derivatives]. PMID- 3446215 TI - Management of cervical dysplasia in pregnancy. AB - Nurse practitioners who provide women's health care play an important role in the screening and evaluation of cervical dysplasia. The pregnant woman who presents for prenatal care provides an excellent opportunity for cervical cancer screening. However, the evaluation and management of cervical dysplasia during pregnancy is complicated by numerous factors, including concern for the fetus and hormonal changes in the pelvic structures. The pathophysiology, evaluation and management of cervical dysplasia during pregnancy are presented. PMID- 3446216 TI - Sensitivity to organizational culture: a powerful tool for NPs. PMID- 3446217 TI - Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 8. Cancer mortality, 1950-1982. AB - This study extends an earlier one by 4 years (1979-1982) and includes mortality data on 11,393 additional Nagasaki survivors. Significant dose responses are observed for leukemia, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, colon, esophagus, and urinary tract. Due to diagnostic difficulties, results for liver and ovarian cancers, while suggestive of significant dose responses, do not provide convincing evidence for radiogenic effects. No significant dose responses are seen for cancers of the gallbladder, prostate, rectum, pancreas, or uterus, or for lymphoma. For solid tumors, largely due to sex-specific differences in the background rates, the relative risk of radiation induced mortality is greater for women than for men. For nonleukemic cancers the relative risk seen in those who were young when exposed has decreased with time, while the smaller risks for those who were older at exposure have tended to increase. While the absolute excess risks of radiation-induced mortality due to nonleukemic cancer have increased with time for all age-at-exposure groups, both excess and relative risks of leukemia have generally decreased with time. For leukemia, the rate of decrease in risk and the initial level of risk are inversely related to age at exposure. PMID- 3446218 TI - Supplement: The role of neuropeptides in regulating airway function. From the second Transatlantic Airway Conference. January 1987. PMID- 3446219 TI - The utility of tetrabromophenolphthalein methyl ester (TBPME) spot test for the identification of drug positive urines. PMID- 3446220 TI - Dendritic organization of phrenic motoneurons in the adult rat. AB - The dendritic organization of the phrenic nucleus as a whole was studied after injections of the B-subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were made into the diaphragm of adult rats. Transverse, sagittal, and horizontal sections through the phrenic nucleus (C3-C5) were incubated according to a modified tetramethylbenzidine HRP technique. The conjugated form of HRP used in this study has a special affinity for the GM1 ganglioside receptors on neuronal cell surfaces. As a result, extensive labeling of the terminal dendritic fields of a large number of phrenic motoneurons occurred simultaneously. The results showed that the majority of the dendrites of phrenic motoneurons were tightly organized rostrocaudally and confined to the boundaries of the column made up of the phrenic cell bodies. In addition, analysis of transverse and horizontal sections revealed dendritic bundles radiating at right angles to the long axis of the cell column in the following directions: dorsolateral into the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus, lateral into the lateral funiculus, ventromedial into the lateral half of the anterior funiculus, ventrolateral into the ventral half of the lateral funiculus, and dorsal into the intermediate gray matter. Some dendritic bundles were measured as far as 900 microns from phrenic cell bodies into the white matter. The horizontal sections also showed that there was a periodicity in the arrangement of the dendritic fascicles in that they were separated by distances ranging from 180 to 250 microns. From the analysis of phrenic dendritic distribution the present results suggest that the majority of synaptic input to phrenic motoneurons occurs within the column of the phrenic cell bodies. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that a synaptic input may also occur directly on distal phrenic dendrites in the lateral and ventral funiculi of the spinal cord white matter. PMID- 3446221 TI - Chloropolysporins A, B and C, novel glycopeptide antibiotics from Faenia interjecta sp. nov. I. Taxonomy of producing organism. AB - Strain SANK 60983, an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample, was found to produce the new glycopeptide antibiotics, chloropolysporins A, B and C. Short chains of spores occur in the both aerial and substrate hyphae. meso Diaminopimelic acid is present in the cell wall and galactose and arabinose in the whole-cell hydrolysate. Mycolic acid is absent. On the basis of the morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics, this strain was determined to be a new species of Faenia designated Faenia interjecta sp. nov. The type strain of F. interjecta Okazaki and Enokita is SANK 60983. PMID- 3446222 TI - A developmental study of rat sperm and testis selenoproteins. AB - Essentially all of the selenium in the rat spermatozoon is bound to a polypeptide of Mr 15,000-17,000 confined to the capsule that surrounds the sperm mitochondria. Isoelectric focussing of isolated 75Se-labelled, carboxymethylated mitochondrial capsule protein (MCP) reveals the presence of at least four radioactive components, with a predominant charge isomer at pI4.6. The sperm selenoprotein appears to be identical with MCP, as judged by the exact coincidence of radioactivity and protein stain during two-dimensional electrophoresis. The temporal pattern of 75Se-labelling of rat caput epididymal spermatozoa after intratesticular 75Se injection suggests that maximum incorporation of 75Se into MCP occurs in step 7-step 12 spermatids and that 75Se uptake ceases during step 15 of spermiogenesis. The developmental appearance of sperm selenoprotein in rat testis therefore appears to lag several days behind that reported for MCP in mouse testis, suggesting the presence of selenium-free MCP in immature germ cells. SDS gel electrophoretic analysis of testis subcellular fractions 24 h after 75Se injection into rat testis at 21, 28 and 90 days of age indicates that sperm selenoprotein first appears in very low concentration during late meiosis and that its concentration increases sharply during early spermiogenesis. Additional 75Se-labelled polypeptides were detected on the gels, most of them of higher molecular weight than MCP. At least two of these (Mr 47,000 and 54,000) displayed a marked decrease in labelling between 5 and 24 h after injection into adult testis, coincident with a comparable increase in 75Se-labelled MCP, indicating that they may be precursors of MCP. PMID- 3446223 TI - Biological effects of a proglumide derivative as cholecystokinin antagonist in conscious dogs. AB - In conscious dogs we studied the effects of a new cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist (coded CR 1505) on CCK8-stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion and release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Graded doses of CCK8 (25-400 ng kg-1h-1) were infused i.v. Experiments were repeated against a background infusion of CR 1505 at different doses (0.1, 1 and 10 mg kg-1h-1). The lowest dose of CR 1505 had no biological effects. However, at the upper two doses the compound significantly inhibited the CCK8-stimulated PP release. Furthermore, a significant inhibition of exocrine pancreatic protein secretion was observed with 10 mg kg-1h-1 of CR 1505 (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that CR 1505 could be a useful tool in defining the physiological role of CCK in vivo. PMID- 3446224 TI - [Relationship between hardness of foods and occlusal function]. PMID- 3446225 TI - [Work load in culture of shiitake mushroom]. PMID- 3446226 TI - [Experimental study on auditory tracking performances of impaired hearing persons]. PMID- 3446227 TI - [Effects of high intensity and endurance exercise on protein metabolism in rats]. PMID- 3446228 TI - New system for the assessment of autonomic nervous activity during 24-hour period by spectral analysis of the heart rate. PMID- 3446229 TI - [The changes in the electromyogram and the heart rate during the dynamic muscle work by wearing the pressure suit]. PMID- 3446230 TI - [The changes in the pressure sensation and the plethysmogram by wearing the pressure suit]. PMID- 3446231 TI - [Experimental study on the influence of thermal conditions upon the human physiological and psychological responses in an air-conditioned room]. PMID- 3446233 TI - H-G model. PMID- 3446232 TI - [Aspects of work load and the level of psychophysiological functions of middle to elderly aged female workers]. PMID- 3446234 TI - The changing anatomic distribution of colorectal cancer at San Pablo Medical Center. PMID- 3446235 TI - Inpatient pediatric diagnosis at a community hospital in Puerto Rico. PMID- 3446236 TI - [Microscopic examination of urine: evaluation at a private hospital level]. PMID- 3446237 TI - Rotator cuff tear. PMID- 3446238 TI - [Krabbe's disease]. PMID- 3446239 TI - Carcinoma of the penis. A 12-year review. AB - Seventy-eight patients with carcinoma of the penis treated over a period of twelve years (1972-1983) were retrospectively analyzed. According to Jackson's clinical staging, 18.0 per cent were in stage I, 20.5 in stage II, 26.9 in stage III, and 34.6 per cent in stage IV. Some early-stage patients (12 with stage I and 4 with stage II) were primarily treated by external irradiation to a dose of 55 Gy/5 week/25 fr. Thirteen of these 16 patients had local control with preservation of the organ. The remaining patients with stage II were treated by partial or total penectomy. In stage III penectomy with inguinopelvic lymph node dissection was done. Stage IV patients received palliative irradiation and/or chemotherapy. There years' disease-free survival (including salvage surgery) was 93 per cent in stage I, 62.5 per cent in stage II and 38 per cent in stage III. PMID- 3446240 TI - Psycho-endocrinological reactions in female relatives of cancer patients. Effects of an activation programme. AB - Psychiatric grief reactions after the loss of a close relative are associated with endocrinological reactions, in particular elevated plasma cortisol. In the present study it was tested if a psychosocial intervention programme for relatives to cancer patients affects the reaction patterns. Thirty-six female relatives in the intervention programme were compared with 36 relatives only subjected to a routine programme. Eighteen of the relatives in the intervention programme and 17 in the routine programme experienced the death of the patient during the study period. Systematic psychiatric observations and analyses of the plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin were made approximately once a month. During the treatment period the psychiatric scores did not differ between the groups, but the prolactin levels tended to be lower in the intervention group (p = 0.06). During the terminal phase preceding the patient's death the plasma cortisol levels were significantly elevated in the intervention group but not in the routine group. At examination one and two months after the death of the patient the mental exhaustion scores were significantly lower in the intervention group. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that grief is activated by the intervention and that the active mourning may have prophylactic value to the relatives after the death of the patient. PMID- 3446241 TI - Problems associated with comparisons of response-defined subsets of patients in randomized trials. Treatment-related bias and response migration. AB - Subset analysis may be justified between various arms of randomized trials as long as subsets are defined by variables which do not cause distortion of other prognostic factors. However, bias will occur when treatment response is used to define a subset of patients in which the results of the same treatment are analyzed. Thus, comparisons between groups of responders in randomized studies are just as inherently biased as comparisons between responders and non responders. Using a constructed example the effects of treatment-related bias on the interpretation of trial results are demonstrated, and the concept of response migration is introduced. It is shown that in randomized trials the only unbiased measures of treatment efficacy are response rate, overall time to progression, and overall survival. PMID- 3446242 TI - Early results of radiotherapy for advanced laryngeal cancer using three small fractions per day. AB - Fifteen patients with stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were treated by primary radiotherapy using a schedule of 3 small (1.1-1.5 Gy) fractions per day, an interval between fractions of 3-4 h, and a total dose of approximately 60 Gy. Primary tumour control was achieved in 13 cases, but in one of these neck node metastases were not controlled. Acute mucosal reactions were brisk, but tolerable; late complications were severe in 3 patients. Early, encouraging results in terms of tumour response must be tempered by caution over the late damage: a number of factors probably contribute to this, especially interval between fractions and total dose. From a practical viewpoint, the latter may be easier to influence, if 3 small fractions per day are to continue to be used. PMID- 3446243 TI - Radiation treatment with twice a day fractionation versus conventional fractionation in high grade astrocytoma. A retrospective study. AB - A consecutive series of 73 patients with high grade astrocytoma treated by surgery and postoperative radiotherapy was analysed. A total tumour dose of 60 Gy was delivered with either 2 Gy daily fractions (24 patients) or twice a day 1.5 Gy fractions, with a 4-hour-interval (49 patients). The analysis of survival with respect to patient variables showed that age and performance status were significant prognostic factors. As the type of fractionation was not randomly assigned, the comparison between the conventional schedule (CF) and the multifractionated schedule (MFD) was performed by means of a multivariate analysis adjusting for basic prognostic factors; CF proved to be significantly superior to MFD. The possible reasons for the disagreement between our results and the theoretical expectations in favour of MFD are discussed. PMID- 3446244 TI - Tolerance of canine portal vein anastomosis to intraoperative x-irradiation. AB - Tolerance of surgical portal vein anastomosis to intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) was studied in dogs after single doses of zero, 10, 20 and 40 Gy (290 kVp x-rays). Portal venography was performed prior to IORT and before sacrificing. The dogs were sacrificed 3 and 12 months respectively after irradiation. Portal venography revealed no radiation induced anastomotic stenosis. Autopsy disclosed macroscopic periportal fibrosis in all dogs, independent of radiation dose and observation periods. Microscopically, the three tunicas of the vein did not show any pathological changes after any dose level. PMID- 3446245 TI - Bone cell viability after irradiation. An enzyme histochemical study. AB - Adult rabbits were irradiated to one proximal tibial metaphysis while the contralateral tibia served as a control. Each animal was thus its own control. Single doses of 15, 25 and 40 Gy 60Co were used. The follow-up time was 11 to 22 weeks after irradiation. A histochemical method, recording diaphorase (NADH2 and NADPH2) activity in osteocytes, was employed. This method is regarded as superior to conventional histology. No evidence of osteocyte death was found even after 22 weeks following 40 Gy irradiation. This is interpreted as an indication that the osteocytes, which are end stage cells, are relatively radioresistant. PMID- 3446246 TI - Inability of polyethylene-glycol substituted copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase to protect mice against radiation lethality. AB - The superoxide radical has been implicated in the mediation of radiation damage and CuZn superoxide dismutase, given to mice immediately before or after irradiation has, in several studies, reduced radiation lethality. CuZn superoxide dismutase has a very short plasma half-life, but if the enzyme is substituted with polyethylene-glycol a markedly increased circulation time can be achieved. In the present study an 80-fold increase in plasma superoxide dismutase activity was brought about in CBA mice by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 ml polyethylene glycol substituted CuZn superoxide dismutase. Although the treatment was found to have a slight radioprotective effect with a dose-modifying factor of 1.02 (p = 0.027), CuZn superoxide dismutase inactivated by hydrogen peroxide-treatment was found to be equally protective. The radioprotective effect of polyethylene-glycol substituted CuZn superoxide dismutase therefore does not seem to be dependent on the enzyme activity. PMID- 3446247 TI - Chylous ascites following pelvic irradiation. PMID- 3446248 TI - [Effect of brovincamine fumarate on cerebral ischemia acutely induced by BLCL in SHRSR]. AB - The present study was designed to clarify the effect of brovincamine fumarate (BV 26-723: BV) on the degree of cerebral ischemia acutely induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BLCL) in stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSR). BV was administered to SHRSR by intraperitoneal infusion (I.P.) of 30 mg/kg (BV 30 mg/kg group), 60 mg/kg (BV 60 mg/kg group) and 0.9% saline was similarly injected to SHRSR (control group) before and immediately after BLCL. Cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the thalamus was measured by hydrogen clearance technique before and until 3 hr of BLCL periodically. The brain metabolites (ATP, lactate, pyruvate) were determined by the enzymatic method and the brain water content was measured by freeze-dry method 3 hr after BLCL. The histopathological changes in brain vessels were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 3 hr after BLCL. The rCBF of three groups were identical before BLCL. However, the rCBF of BV 30 mg/kg group was statistically higher than in control group until 2 hr after BLCL, and that of BV 60 mg/kg group was significantly higher even 3 hr after BLCL. In measurements of the brain metabolites after BLCL, ATP and pyruvate levels in both the BV 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups were statistically higher than the control group. And brain lactate concentrations in both the BV 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups were significantly lower than the control group. The brain water content of BV 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups were significantly lower then the control group after BLCL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446249 TI - [Stress distribution in the brain--numerical simulation by the finite element method]. AB - The analysis of the deformation of brain and distribution of stress caused by the compression from outside would be interesting and also useful for the better understanding of the pathophysiology in the cases of intracranial hematoma and other space occupying lesions. The computerized numerical simulation using the finite element method was carried out to analyze these problems. A simple brain model of two dimensions, that was composed of the inner surface of skull, brain and lateral ventricles, was utilized and it was divided into 101 triangular elements for the calculation of finite element method by a 16-bit personal computer. The model of brain was compressed in two different ways; one was a subdural hematoma type where the force of compression was distributed over relatively wide area and the other was a epidural hematoma type where compression was localized to smaller area. In both types, the brain was compressed on the left fronto-temporal region. The deformation of brain in the subdural hematoma type model was that corresponding to the hematoma of crescent shape just as seen on the CT scan of actual case. The lateral ventricle of affected side was deformed more markedly than that of contralateral side. The midline structure of the brain was shifted to normal side and shift was larger in the portion anterior to the lateral ventricles. The stress was distributed from the area beneath the hematoma to remote location in the affected hemisphere but the propagation of stress was blocked by the falx and it was very small in the contralateral hemisphere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446250 TI - [Mechanism of deafferentation pain--experimental research using spinal root resection model]. AB - In rats, autotomy of the digits following dorsal root resection has been observed by many researchers and is considered as an animal model of deafferentation pain. Using C5-Th 1 root resection model of rats, we investigated the role of the ventral roots and pain experience given before deafferentation in the development of autotomy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of eight weeks old, weighing about 200 g, were used. Animals were divided into two major groups; dorsal root resection group and total (both ventral and dorsal) root resection group. Each group was further divided into several sub-groups, according to the use of formalin injection, before or after surgery, and to the side of formalin injection, the forearm of the affected (root resection) side or unaffected side or of both sides. In pre-injection groups, 0.1 ml of 5% formalin was given subcutaneously on the forearm one hour before surgery. In the postinjection groups, formalin was given within one hour after surgery. Dorsal root resection group without formalin injection was used as control. Under anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of nembutal, left C 5-Th 1 dorsal root resection was performed by C 4-Th 1 laminectomy and left C5-Th 1 total root resection by opening of the corresponding vertebral foramen. After surgery, we checked neurological findings, systemic condition and local changes of all the extremities everyday during the first week and once a week thereafter for at least three months. In control groups, autotomy was not observed at all during the observation period of three months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446251 TI - [Five cases of Parkinson disease with the past history of hand injury]. AB - Incidental occurrence of Parkinson disease following to the history of peripheral trauma was reported in 1932 by Naville and Morsier. So far as we know not more than 50 cases with such an interesting outbreaks have been reported. In Japan no report has been published. We happened to have opportunities to observe five cases of Parkinson disease with similar past history of peripheral trauma comprising two males and three females. Their age at onset ranged from 40 to 74 years and all the five cases had histories of finger injury, including amputation in four cases, followed by insidious onset of tremulous movement at the same site of the trauma during the period between two months and 36 years. So far as we know, no evident explanation is made concerning to the etiological interrelation between onset of Parkinson disease and trauma of the fingers. It appears to be suggestive of the possible mechanism, in which chronic persistent facilitation from the site of trauma up to the diencephalospinal dopamine system, recently advocated by Lindvall and others, result in Parkinson disease beginning at the homolateral site of the previous peripheral trauma. PMID- 3446252 TI - [Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the cerebral energy metabolism and microcirculation in the rats subjected to transient forebrain ischemia]. AB - Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) on the improvement of cerebral energy metabolism and microcirculation were examined in postischemic rat brain. Male Wistar rats, whose vertebral arteries were electrically cauterized last day, were subjected to forebrain ischemia by temporary clipping of both common carotid arteries. After 60 min of ischemic insult, they were intravenously administered with SAM at doses of 30 or 100 mg/kg; this was followed by recirculation for 60 min. To determine cerebral concentrations of energy metabolites, the brain was frozen in situ. Adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP) were assayed by anion exchange HPLC system, and other metabolites (PCr, glucose, lactate, pyruvate) were analyzed by enzymatic fluorometry. In order to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose utilization, double-tracer autoradiography was undertaken using 14C-iodoantipyrine (14C-IAP) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F FDG). In animals without SAM treatment (60-60 group), energy metabolites did not recover and neither CBF nor glucose uptake restored during 60 min of recirculation. In contrast, in SAM-treated animals (60-60 SAM group), values of the energy metabolites improved significantly and both CBF and glucose uptake recovered, though incompletely. These results indicate that SAM is able to improve postischemic cerebral microcirculation and energy metabolism. For mechanisms of the effects, it is suggested to the enhancement of erythrocyte deformability by phospholipid methylation, the stabilization of mitochondria, and the normalization of injured metabolic reactions. Therefore, we conclude that SAM is able to be effective clinically as a drug treated for the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 3446253 TI - [Primary brain tumor complicating subdural hematoma]. AB - A case of sphenoidal ridge meningioma complicating chronic subdural hematoma and a case of malignant astrocytoma producing not only intracerebral hematoma but also acute subdural hematoma were reported, and the mechanism of subdural hematoma formation was discussed according to the literature. Malignant glioma often produces intracranial hemorrhage, but scarcely produces subdural hematoma. On the other hand, meningioma scarcely produces intracranial hematomas, but among of them subdural hematoma is not unusual. The reason for it is probably due to the difference of the place where each tumor grows originally. Rupture of the bridging veins or the intratumoral abnormal vessels due to twisting of the brain from trivial head trauma or without trauma might produce subdural hematoma. PMID- 3446254 TI - [A case of basilar artery fenestration with recurrent attacks of vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. AB - Fenestration of basilar artery is an uncommon vascular anomaly that is usually an incidental product on autopsy or angiography. None of the cases in the literature had clinical symptoms associated with this anomaly except for subarachnoid hemorrhage when accompanied with saccular aneurysm. We report a rare case of the basilar artery fenestration associated with clinical symptoms without any aneurysm. A 71-years-old male, who had been treated for labile hypertension and had had recurrent attacks of vertigo, nausea, sometimes diplopia or unsteady gait, for 5 years, was referred to our hospital on Sept. 13, 1985. One day prior to admission, he suddenly felt diplopia and vertigo and unsteady gait. His family noticed he was dysarthric. On admission, he was alert and normotensive. He complained of dysesthesia on the right half of the perioral region and his right fingers. A neurological examination showed a mild weakness and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes on his right leg. His motor coordination was almost normal, but he was unsteady when he stood on one foot with his eyes closed. Laboratory examinations were normal except for an elevated serum uric acid level. A chest x ray film showed a sclerotic change of aorta and mild cardiomegaly. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed on his ECG. His CT scans showed multiple lacunae and mild brain atrophy. On cerebral angiography, his basilar artery (BA) had a fenestration almost in its total length that divided the BA, like a duplication, into two components with a smaller diameter than normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446255 TI - Importance of measurement of spongious vertebral bone mineral density in the assessment of osteoporosis. AB - Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements of bone mineral density, volume, and content were made of the spongious and compact portions of a vertebral body and of the total vertebral body in 19 osteoporotic patients (13 women and 6 men) and 20 normal (control) age- and sex-matched patients. Specifically, CT scans of 10mm thick transverse sections of L2 or L3 of each osteoporotic and control patient were subjected to QCT bone measurement with the use of K2HPO4 calibration for converting CT values into units (mg/ml) equivalent to bone mineral density. In every instance, a significant difference was found in the spongious vertebral bone mineral density (and content) between the osteoporotic and the paired normal groups. Even when the total vertebral bone mineral content was normal, the spongious vertebral bone mineral density was significantly less in the osteoporotic patients. Only in the osteoporotic men was a difference in compact bone density (and content) found; the osteoporotic men had a significantly lower compact bone mineral than did the normal male patients. This study shows that QCT can be applied to measurement of bone mineral density (and content) of both the anterior spongious and the more dense compact vertebral bone from a single section of a lumbar vertebra and that it is the anterior, spongious, vertebral bone rather than the compact vertebral bone that exhibits the more severe decrease in bone mineral density (and content) due to osteoporosis. PMID- 3446256 TI - Genetic determinants of bone mineral content at the spine and radius: a twin study. AB - The possible role of genetic and/or environmental factors in determining bone mass has been investigated in 30 pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 14 dizygotic) divided in two age groups (below and above 25 years of age). Bone mineral content was evaluated by single- and dual photon absorptiometry at the distol third of the radius for peripheral cortical bone and in the lumbar spine for the axial bone. The "within pair" variance has been used as an index of genetic influence. A significant (p less than 0.01) genetic determinant was found for the bone mass of the radius in adults and for the spinal bone mass in the age group younger than 25 years. The heritability index h2 was 0.75 for cortical BMC and 0.88 for axial BMC. Such a genetic determinant could not conclusively be demonstrated in adult twins for the spine and in youngsters for the cortical bone, suggesting that environmental factors may play a more dominant role in growth of cortical bone during adolescence and diminution of axial bone during adult life. PMID- 3446257 TI - Paramyxovirus-like inclusions in two cases of pycnodysostosis. AB - We describe the biochemical and histological features of two related patients with pycnodysostosis. Examination of bone biopsies taken from both patients showed the presence of large nonfunctional osteoclasts which contained paramyxovirus-like inclusions similar in size and arrangement to those found in Paget's disease of bone. No radiographic, histologic or biochemical evidence for Paget's disease was found in either patient. The presence of osteoclast inclusions may not be specific for Paget's disease, therefore, and could be the result rather than the cause of abnormal osteoclast metabolism. PMID- 3446258 TI - Measurement of mean trabecular plate thickness by a new computerized method. AB - Mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) has been measured by a new direct computerised method on an IBAS II image analyser in iliac crest bone from 56 normal subjects. The new method has been shown to be accurate and reproducible; apart from some initial editing of the image, it is carried out automatically without any need for observer interaction. A close correlation was found between values for MTPT obtained using the new direct method and values obtained by calculation based on area and perimeter measurements made on the IBAS II (r = 0.98). PMID- 3446259 TI - A sequential study of bone lesions caused by isolates of an avian osteopetrosis virus, MAV-2(0). AB - The pathogenesis of avian osteopetrosis caused by rapid and slow-onset isolates of myeloblastosis associated virus, MAV-2(0), was studied by inoculation of 10 day-old chick embryos with virus. Femur and calvarium were examined at 15, 17 and 19 days in ovo and 7 and 25 days after hatching by histologic and immunoperoxidase techniques. Femur and calvarium were also examined by electron microscopy at 17 and 19 days in ovo and at 7 days after hatching. Avian osteopetrotic bone lesions were characterized by exuberant periosteal proliferation; the time of onset varied with different virus isolates. In the femur virus was first associated with osteoprogenitor cells, then with osteoblasts and finally with osteocytes as the cells progressed through normal sequences of differentiation. The amount of virus produced by these cells did not correlate with onset of periosteal proliferation. Slow onset isolates provoked early virus production, but proliferative lesions did not develop until later. Conversely, the rapid onset isolate induced little early virus production, although lesions were present. Periosteal proliferation was associated with and preceded by perivascular edema and perivascular cell necrosis within the bone cortex following infection by all isolates. However, the rapid onset isolate caused more severe lesions than other isolates. These lesions included vascular thrombosis, capillary necrosis and focal bone necrosis. The relationship between early vascular lesions and late periosteal proliferation seen with the slow onset isolates is not as clear as with the rapid onset isolate. Calvarial bone, a representative flat bone, was found to have virus present, but at a level less than the femur. Vascular lesions were rarely seen in the calvarium and bone proliferation did not occur at this site. PMID- 3446260 TI - Identification of rat osteoclasts in bone smears with quantification of acid phosphatase activity in vitamin D deficiency. AB - Vitamin D deficiency may depress bone formation but its effect on bone resorption is not well defined. As an index of bone resorption, the activity of acid phosphatase, a lysosomal enzyme found in osteoclasts, was quantitated in situ from a bone tissue smear preparation. Activity of the enzyme, measured by integrative microdensitometry increased linearly from 25 to 60 min. The distribution of activity in osteoclasts quantitated appeared to follow a normal distribution with a median value of 0.19 integrated optical density units. Animals treated with vitamin D or 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol had significantly increased activity of acid phosphatase in osteoclasts compared to animals which were vitamin D deficient. The increase of acid phosphatase activity averaged 63%. Vitamin D or its metabolites may have a permissive effect on the action of parathyroid hormone or act directly to increase bone resorption. PMID- 3446261 TI - Changes in the distribution of extracellular matrix vesicles during healing of rat tibial bone (computerized morphometry and electron microscopy). AB - A study of the distribution of extracellular matrix vesicles during the first 3 weeks of healing of adult rat tibial bone was performed by transmission electron microscopy in combination with computerized morphometry. Bone injury comprised removal of the marrow followed by regeneration of the tissue via a phase of primary mineralization. A total number of 39,498 vesicles were traced on electron micrographs and sorted according to their diameters, distance from the calcified front and types. The different vesicular types were defined as follows: (a) vesicles with electron lucent contents, i.e. "empty", (b) vesicles with amorphous electron opaque contents, i.e. "amorphic", (c) vesicles containing crystalline depositions, i.e. "crystal", and (d) vesicles containing crystalline structures with ruptured membranes i.e. "rupture". The vesicles were studied on the days 3, 6, 14 and 21 after bone injury. Most of the vesicles were concentrated between diameters of 0.07 and 0.17 micron. Most of the vesicles were found in a distance less than 3 microns from the calcified front. The sequence of changes of distances from the calcified front and of the vesicular diameters were recorded as follows: "rupture", "crystal", "amorphic" and "empty", the "rupture" type being the closet to the front and of the largest diameter in each day. The results of the present study confirm the accepted hypothesis on calcification via extracellular matrix vesicles. It is thought that the cell secretes "empty" vesicles that accumulate Ca and Pi forming amorphous calcium phosphate that is then converted to hydroxyapatite. This is followed by rupture of the vesicular membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446263 TI - Presbyosmia and olfactory compensation for the elderly. PMID- 3446262 TI - Calcium deficiency during lactation and in the first two weeks after weaning: decreased ash and increased magnesium in bone of rat pups. AB - The mineral and skeletal status of offspring of calcium-deficient lactating dams was examined. At weaning pups of calcium deficient dams weigh less than controls and are hypocalcemic and hypermagnesemic, but have normal phosphorus levels. Bone ash expressed as percent dry weight is decreased, as is ash content of calcium and phosphorus, while magnesium is high. Histologically, except for thinner layers of lamellar bone, long bones and calvariae are unremarkable. Calcium deficient pups subsequently fed a normal diet for two weeks gain weight rapidly, recover bone ash (increase of 62%) and normalize magnesium content of both blood and bone. At this point, bones from experimental and control animals are histologically indistinguishable. Weanlings of calcium-deficient mothers, themselves put onto the calcium-deficient diet for two weeks, show a further decline of blood calcium and a further decrease in bone ash. Blood and bone magnesium remain elevated. Long bone trabecular architecture and marrow cavity formation appear normal, but less compact bone is evident. These doubly deprived animals recover rapidly when placed on a normal diet. Within two weeks, mineral content of blood is in the control range, bone ash increases by 93%, and the slope of the weight gain curve parallels that of controls. However, in spite of the profound bone ash increase and linear weight gain, these animals remain deficient in both parameters when examined at 9 weeks of age. Similarly, bone mineral content, which also tended to normalize, fails to completely correct by this time point. PMID- 3446264 TI - Results of lumbar sympathectomy five years later. PMID- 3446265 TI - The importance of endoscopy in rheumatology: results of a comparative study between a group of arthritic patients and controls. PMID- 3446266 TI - HDL subfractions and angiographically defined coronary artery disease. PMID- 3446267 TI - Holt-Oram syndrome: delayed diagnosis. PMID- 3446268 TI - An alternative treatment for hyperventilation. PMID- 3446269 TI - Myotonic dystrophy presenting in an elderly female. PMID- 3446270 TI - Pus in groin hernial sacs: a complication of non-generalised peritonitis. PMID- 3446271 TI - Hyperventilation and acute appendicitis. PMID- 3446272 TI - If I suffered from biliary colic. PMID- 3446273 TI - Glycaemic control and exercise tolerance in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetes during nifedipine therapy. PMID- 3446274 TI - Chest pain and time taken for diagnosis in myocardial infarction. PMID- 3446275 TI - Falsely favourable early prognosis for continuing smokers following recovery from acute myocardial infarction. Information from the multi-centre practolol trial. PMID- 3446276 TI - Amoebic liver abscess in a North Indian hospital--current trends. PMID- 3446277 TI - An evaluation of the clinical value of the leucocyte count and sequential counts in suspected acute appendicitis. PMID- 3446278 TI - Hydatid disease of kidney. PMID- 3446279 TI - Free fall from twelve storeys with survival. PMID- 3446280 TI - Breast carcinoma presenting as acute appendicitis. PMID- 3446281 TI - Metastatic carcinoma in the hand presenting as an acute paronychia. PMID- 3446282 TI - A general practice study of a new approach to the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media in children aged three and over. PMID- 3446283 TI - Missed fractures and casualty X-rays. PMID- 3446284 TI - Half-Inderal LA therapy in general practice. PMID- 3446285 TI - Student electives in tropical countries--the incidence of clinical signs in an African general hospital. PMID- 3446286 TI - An unusual presentation of peritoneal tuberculosis. PMID- 3446287 TI - Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc in an adolescent BMX bike rider. PMID- 3446288 TI - Second International Conference on Cell Locomotion and Chemotaxis. March 25-27, 1987, Paris, France. PMID- 3446289 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as tools for analysis of neutrophil functions. AB - We investigated the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and phenylbutazone on the activities relating to the migration and respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). When diclofenac sodium, was incorporated into the agarose gel at various concentrations below 100 micrograms/ml, it inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, spontaneous PMN migration and the directional migrations induced by both C5a-activated serum and peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). By contrast, phenylbutazone (below 100 micrograms/ml) only altered the directed PMN migration induced by FMLP, in two characteristic ways: by impairing the optimal response to 10(-7) M FMLP, and in particular, by restoring the loss of migration induced by higher but deactivating concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M. Indomethacin had similar effects to those of phenylbutazone on FMLP-induced PMN migration and in addition slightly impaired spontaneous PMN migration. The alterations in FMLP-induced migration caused by the three drugs tested were mainly chemokinetic and were due to changes in migratory speed. Of the three drugs, phenylbutazone and indomethacin also impaired FMLP-induced changes in the shape of PMN. All three interfered with the respiratory burst induced by FMLP but not with that induced by phorbol myristate acetate. These results demonstrate that phenylbutazone, indomethacin and diclofenac possess different spectra of biological activities as regards the parameters relating to PMN migration and respiratory burst, and therefore suggest that these drugs could serve as tools for investigating PMN functions. PMID- 3446290 TI - Logistics of a multinational population study. AB - The shaping of epidemiology as a clinical science prompted the perpetuation of large scale population studies aimed to determine causality and assessment of new therapeutical modalities. In order to achieve meaningful conclusions one has to rely on large masses of data, assembled by several teams of investigators in multi-geographical localities. The larger the number and diversity of participating groups, the more complex are the methodology and the final interpretation of outcome. A number of key principles in the undertaking of a long term joint population study are pointed out along 6 study stages: contemplation, planning, organization, data collection, analysis and outcome. The hypothesis has to be clearly formulated, financial resources mobilized, and lines of authority and communications strictly defined, before onset. Subsequently, the step by step routine of monitoring of the individual satellite centers, quality control and budget allocation, have to be established. The interpretation of the data may become final stumbling block since outcome is dependent on the quality of input and may be influenced by preconceived ideas of the investigators. Finally, the cooperative spirit behind the study may disappear once personalities and interests change. Hence, the future ownership of the data should be agreed upon before the conglomerate of data is split and fragmentated. PMID- 3446291 TI - Alterations of erythropoiesis in chronic uremic patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis. AB - The in vitro growth of the blood burst-forming cells (BFU-E) of 9 chronic uremic patients, treated with intermittent hemodialysis three times a week has been studied at the time of maximum and minimum level of retained nitrogen catabolites. The effect of uremic sera on the vitro growth of normal BFU-E was also studied. The in vitro growth of blood BFU-E was shown to be greatly reduced in all uremic patients and dialysis did not modify their growth. The sera of uremic patients significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of normal blood BFU-E when it was taken at the time of maximum retention of nitrogen catabolites. However, inhibition of normal BFU-E growth was not seen when uremic sera were taken at the time of minimum retention of nitrogen catabolites. These data seem to indicate a long lasting suppression of BFU-E in chronic uremia due to serum inhibitor/s. PMID- 3446292 TI - [Mechanism of anemia seen in children living in the Amazon forest of Peru]. AB - A recent study performed in 48 indian children (ranging to 2 to 10 years) from Peruvian Amazona emphasizes the high incidence of sideropenia as a mechanism of anemia. Indeed neither proteins loss or hemolysis was found in these patients. Sideropenia was secondary to iron loss closely related to parasitosis. Thus it could be hopeful to improve both quality of nutrition and life of such patients as well as treatment of parasitosis. PMID- 3446293 TI - Stimulation of CFU-GM growth by fibroblastic conditioned medium from different cell origin. AB - We investigated the effects of conditioned medium obtained from human fetal, amniotic, skin, and marrow stromal fibroblast cultures on the growth of human marrow CFU-GM. Results showed that do not existing fibroblast specificity for colony stimulating activity production. PMID- 3446294 TI - Two-phase pulsatile flows through porous conical tubes of small diameters. Modelisation of the blood microcirculation. AB - A theoretical study concerning two-component fluid pulsating flow through porous conical ducts is presented. The model corresponds to blood flows through small diameter porous conical vessels. This approach is based on a finite difference method. The physical hypothesis used were based on findings from simultaneous visualization methods. The influence of geometrical, hydrodynamical and structural parameters is systematically examined and related to velocity profiles, hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 3446295 TI - Aggregation of red blood cells studied by ultrasound backscattering. AB - The erythrocyte aggregation phenomenon is an important factor in capillary circulation. This phenomenon can be evaluated by a number of methods (microscopic observations, viscometry, light measurements) which cannot be applied simply to in vivo measurements. In contrast, ultrasound which propagates through soft tissues allows measurement of the mechanical properties of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions which depend on the aggregation phenomenon. We devised an apparatus in order to measure in vitro the ultrasonic backscattering intensity of RBC suspensions. First, with latex particles of different sizes, the ultrasonic backscattering coefficient has been measured in order to evaluate the apparatus response. Then, the ultrasonic backscattering coefficient of different aggregated erythrocyte suspensions has been measured and correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Finally, the size of RBC aggregates of different suspensions has been evaluated. PMID- 3446296 TI - Effect of temperature dependent changes in mechanical stability of red cell aggregates on relative apparent whole blood viscosity. AB - As the temperature dependence of relative apparent whole blood viscosity eta rel is still controversial, the relation between the temperature dependence of red cell aggregation (RCA) and that of eta rel was examined in normal donors and in patients with venous ulcers of the leg. Apparent whole blood viscosity was measured in the DEER-rheometer (0.01 Pa less than tau less than 2.9 Pa) at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The instrument was calibrated for each temperature to correct for changes in viscometer geometry. Simultaneously the minimal shear stress tau Tmin to keep RCA dispersed was determined by photometric aggregometry. eta rel was found to increase with decreasing temperature. By basing the relative cold induced increase in eta rel on the state of RCA as defined by the ratio of tau/tau Tmin the relation between both features is verified: With increasing RCA the cold induced increase in eta rel is progressively enhanced. PMID- 3446297 TI - Abstracts of the tenth annual meeting, Japanese Society of Biorheology. Tokyo, Japan, 11-13 June 1987. PMID- 3446298 TI - Metatarsus varus. PMID- 3446299 TI - Metatarsus adductus. PMID- 3446300 TI - The congenital clubfoot--controversies. PMID- 3446301 TI - The Grammar of Psychotherapy. A descriptive account. AB - The Grammar of Psychotherapy is a method of teaching both communication skills and the elements of psychotherapy. Supervised training is supplemented by self monitored tasks. The course is economical in terms of tutors' time, and is particularly suitable for trainees in general psychiatry. PMID- 3446302 TI - The Grammar of Psychotherapy. Interactograms: three self-monitoring instruments for audiotape feedback. AB - This paper describes the development of three self-monitoring forms to enable students to make constructive use of audiotapes of their interviews with patients. Each interactogram is described in detail, with examples where necessary. PMID- 3446303 TI - Effectiveness of time-limited therapy carried out by trainees. Comparison of two methods. AB - Common neurotic and personality disorders account for widespread personal restriction and suffering. The need for effective, economically feasible treatment methods is widely acknowledged and the range of conditions successfully treated by available methods needs to be established. This study is concerned with two methods of brief psychotherapy; our aim was the essentially pragmatic one of investigating how far relatively long-term NHS out-patients with neurotic, personality, and interpersonal problems could be successfully and economically treated by the kind of therapists available in NHS settings. It is generally believed by psychoanalytically-oriented therapists that brief therapy requires high levels of training and experience; this is tested here, in that all the therapies were strictly time-limited, and none of the therapists had completed advanced training. PMID- 3446304 TI - The DSM-III concepts of schizophrenic disorder and schizophreniform disorder. A clinical and prognostic evaluation. AB - Consecutive new patients presenting at a Nigerian psychiatric unit over a 14 month period and fulfilling the DSM-III criteria for schizophreniform disorder, (active) schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia were studied. There were no differences between the three groups with respect to background social data. The schizophreniform patients had a lower incidence of previous psychotic episodes. There were no differences between the first two groups with respect to the distribution of PSE symptoms and signs, Schneider's First Rank Symptoms, or severity of psychopathology. Initial clinical outcome, and longer-term clinical and social outcome, assessed 25-38 months after index presentation, was best in the schizophreniform patients and worst in the patients with residual schizophrenia. The findings are consistent with schizophreniform disorder lying on a spectrum of schizophrenic disorders. They also highlight inadequacies in mental health services in Nigeria and other developing countries. PMID- 3446305 TI - The incidence of schizophrenia in Nottingham. AB - Attempts were made to identify, and include in a two-year follow-up study, every patient living in the catchment area of the Mapperley group of psychiatric hospitals in Nottingham (population 390,000) who made their first-ever contact with the psychiatric services for a potentially schizophrenic illness during a two-year period (1 August 1978 to 31 July 1980). Screening was based upon symptoms rather than diagnosis, covering both in-patient and out-patient services; a consensus diagnosis using ICD-9 was made by the project team. The Nottingham Psychiatric Case Register was used in a retrospective Leakage Study which added nine cases to the 99 identified by the screening procedures. Incidence rates are given for both broad and narrow concepts of schizophrenia, and for DSM-III diagnosis. The Nottingham incidence rates are similar to those reported from other UK centers, and are near the middle of the range found in the other collaborating centres in the WHO study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders. At entry to the study, 27 patients were out-patients, and 11 were never admitted to hospital at any time in the two-year follow-up period. Reasons for believing that the Nottingham administrative incidence may be close to the incidence in the community are discussed. PMID- 3446306 TI - Ecological structure and the distribution of schizophrenia and affective psychoses in Nottingham. AB - The 800 census enumeration districts of Nottingham were used as a basis for the production of 12 distinct 'clusters' or neighbourhood types. Plotting the place of residence of the 68 patients with 'certain' or 'very likely' diagnoses of ICD 9 schizophrenia, identified in the World Health Organization Study of Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders, showed the expected concentration in central areas of low social status. A more varied distribution was found for 132 patients with a case-register diagnosis of affective psychosis, contacting the psychiatric services for the first time during the same two-year period as the schizophrenic patients. Some of the highest rates for affective psychosis were found in new housing estates of middle and low status at some distance from the town centre. PMID- 3446307 TI - Double-blind comparison of half-dose and standard-dose flupenthixol decanoate in the maintenance treatment of stabilised out-patients with schizophrenia. AB - A double-blind controlled trial of 50% dose reduction in maintenance treatment in stable out-patients with low BPRS scores and good social function shows a significantly higher relapse rate in the low-dose group at 12 months (P less than 0.05). After an interval of 24-36 months from dose reduction, 56-76% had experienced a relapse and 76-79% had resumed their former dosage. No clear advantage was shown for the lower dose in either a reduction of side-effects or improved social function, but a reduced prevalence or lower rate of symptom emergence for tardive dyskinesia was suggested. PMID- 3446308 TI - Double-blind study of imipramine versus phenelzine in Melancholias and Dysthymic Disorders. AB - In a 6-week double-blind trial, the efficacy of imipramine and high dose phenelzine were compared in the treatment of Major Depression with Melancholia, and Dysthymic Disorder (DSM-III). Both drugs were found to be equally efficacious in the treatment of 32 patients suffering from Major Depression. In 32 Dysthymic patients, phenelzine in high doses was found to be superior to imipramine. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3446309 TI - Self-appraisal, anxiety and depression in women. A prospective enquiry. AB - Depressive illness is known to be associated with low self-evaluation, but it has been suggested that there may be a reciprocal connection as well, such that low self-appraisal (in the absence of illness) makes the subsequent onset of depression more likely. A prospective study, using a community sample of 376 women, provided data about clinical state over a period of 18 months, and self appraisal questionnaire scores were determined on two occasions separated by 6 months. There was no evidence that low self-evaluation predicted future episodes of depressive illness, except in women who reported previous psychological episodes for which they had sought medical help, and, even for those with previous episodes, much of the predictive power of low self-esteem was accounted for by individuals who were subsequently recognised to have been in the early stages of illness. Conversely, there was little evidence that prior episodes predicted future illness in people with high self-esteem. One explanation of the findings is that recurrent episodes of illness cause progressive impairment of self-appraisal, but other possibilities are also considered. Women who had recovered from illnesses detected at the first interview still had significantly less self-confidence 6 months later than those who were well throughout. PMID- 3446310 TI - Caring and its burdens. A study of the spouses of depressed patients. AB - Spouses of 24 patients suffering from persistent depression were interviewed to find out how they were affected by the patient's illness. These effects were marked, although mainly endured without complaint, and included restrictions in social and leisure activities, a fall in family income, and a considerable strain on marital relationships. Some of the behaviour shown by patients was hard to bear, and 'negative' symptoms such as misery, withdrawal, and worrying commonly caused problems. Few relatives, however, know how to deal with difficult behaviour. Despite this, the majority remained committed to staying with the patient. Spouses had a variety of complaints about the way they were handled by hospital staff, particularly about being deprived of information and advice. These results have considerable implications for the way in which relatives should be dealt with as part of the overall management of persistent depression. PMID- 3446311 TI - A ten-year follow-up of men discharged from Grendon prison. AB - A ten-year follow-up on the criminal records of men discharged from Grendon Prison was carried out. These records were compared with those of a matched control group, and no differences were found regarding frequency or severity of post-discharge convictions. The validity of this exercise is questioned, and several case histories presented. An examination of subsequent offending within the Grendon group suggests that for some men, the better motivated and more intelligent, exposure to the Grendon regime may have contributed to a change in their criminal behaviour. PMID- 3446312 TI - A ten-year follow-up study of Southampton opiate addicts. AB - A ten-year follow-up study of 74 opiate (most heroin) addicts referred to the Drug Dependence Clinic in Southampton showed that overall, little use was made of the treatment facilities available. Half of the patients on whom we were able to obtain follow-up data appeared to be no longer abusing drugs. An appreciable number of subjects had committed offences prior to abusing drugs and a large proportion offended during the follow-up period, adding support to the view that most addicts are not driven to crime because they are unable to obtain the help they need. The death rate of 15% is that expected in a long-term follow-up study. The results suggest that the natural history of many heroin addicts is uninfluenced by therapeutic intervention. PMID- 3446313 TI - The prevalence of bulimia nervosa. A replication study. AB - There have been reports of a high prevalence of bulimic episodes and the syndromes of bulimia nervosa and DSM-III bulimia in community samples. A group of American authors recently compared the findings of a contemporary survey with those of a survey they had conducted previously and reported a three-fold increase in the prevalence of DSM-III bulimia. The present study replicates a community survey conducted four years ago in Britain. The prevalence of bulimic episodes, self-induced vomiting and bulimia nervosa found in the present survey was very similar to that found in the earlier study. PMID- 3446314 TI - Validity study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale among a group of Saudi patients. AB - The Arabic version of the HAD scale was validated in a sample of 50 Saudi patients. The scale scores were assessed against the principal author's clinical evaluations. Spearman correlations of all items of the scale, except for one, were statistically significant. The non-significance of one item was probably related to the way it was translated into Arabic. The study furnished evidence that the Arabic version was a reliable instrument for detecting states of anxiety and depression in Saudi patients in a primary health care setting. PMID- 3446315 TI - Self-inflicted eye-injuries. AB - Three cases of self-inflicted eye injuries are described and discussed. A review of the literature shows that several psychiatric diagnoses have been assigned to those who mutilate their eyes, and various unconscious mechanisms proposed to explain this unusual phenomenon. PMID- 3446316 TI - Paranoid psychosis as the first presentation of a fulminating lethal case of AIDS. AB - A 34-year-old heterosexual intravenous drug abuser presented with a paranoid psychosis and was subsequently found to have the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The patient died 14 days later of generalised septicaemia. The case is reported and the aetiology and pathogenesis of the organic psychosis are discussed. It is anticipated that similar psychiatric manifestations will occur as the AIDS epidemic increases. PMID- 3446317 TI - Koro syndrome associated with alcohol-induced systemic disease in a Zulu. AB - A case report is presented of the genital retraction syndrome, koro, associated with alcoholic hepatitis, avitaminosis and urinary tract infection, occurring in a Zulu male. Treatment of the physical conditions resulted in resolution of the koro symptomatology. The nosological status of koro is discussed and it is proposed that the condition be regarded as a symptom-complex reaction to a variety of psychological or physical stressors rather than as a purely culture bound syndrome. PMID- 3446319 TI - Comparison of electrical measurements on constant voltage and constant current ECT machines. PMID- 3446318 TI - Ganser syndrome and its management. AB - The literature on the Ganser syndrome is reviewed, and a case history is described. A brief hospital admission is worthwhile for patients with this syndrome, but planning and persuasion are needed. PMID- 3446320 TI - Late paraphrenia. PMID- 3446321 TI - Down-regulation of post-synaptic serotonin receptors as a mechanism for clomipramine-induced anorgasmia. PMID- 3446322 TI - Abnormal intestinal permeability: an aetiological factor in chronic psychiatric disorders. PMID- 3446323 TI - Onset of schizophrenia in men and women. PMID- 3446324 TI - DST in apathetic hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3446325 TI - Catatonic signs in schizophrenia. PMID- 3446326 TI - Effects of selection for high and low plasma glucose concentration in chickens. AB - 1. Two lines of broilers exhibiting low (LG) or high (HG) plasma glucose concentrations were selected from a pure line of White Rock chickens. 2. Realised heritabilities were close to 0.25 in both lines. 3. The LG line was significantly fatter than the HG line; this difference was more pronounced in females than in males. 4. Food was utilised less efficiently by the LG line than by the HG one. PMID- 3446327 TI - Dietary iron and broiler performance. AB - 1. An experiment was conducted with female broilers from 1 to 39 d of age in which the effects of increasing amounts of extra dietary ferrous sulphate on growth performance, some haematological measurements and Fe, Zn and Cu status were studied. A conventional maize-soyabean diet (107 mg Fe/kg) was supplemented with 0, 20, 60, 180, 540 and 1620 mg Fe to provide 6 treatments. 2. Weight gain responses rose to a plateau between 20 and 60 mg added Fe/kg diet, but further additions of Fe increasingly depressed growth. 3. In this study the apparent Fe requirement was 100 mg/kg diet (80 mg from dietary components and 20 mg Fe from supplement). 4. The efficiency of food utilisation decreased linearly, while the proportion of chicks affected by leg weakness increased. 5. In blood, the haemoglobin concentration increased slightly with extra dietary Fe. 6. The iron content of the liver increased with higher dietary Fe supplementation. Furthermore, increased liver Fe content was associated with a higher Zn content in the liver. 7. This study indicated that a maize-soyabean diet containing about 30% more Fe than has generally been accepted to be adequate for healthy broilers was still marginal in Fe concentration. PMID- 3446328 TI - Effects of age and diet on the lipid content and composition of gallbladder bile, liver and serum in laying strains of hen. AB - 1. Changes in lipid content and composition of liver and bile during pre- and post-laying periods were investigated in hens of a laying strain. 2. The large increase in liver lipid concentration, particularly triacylglycerols, at the onset of laying was accompanied by the appearance of triacylglycerols in the bile. 3. Accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver was increased by a diet containing maize and soyabean meal. This was associated with increases in the triacylglycerol concentration in both serum and bile. 4. Liver microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity was positively correlated with liver triacylglycerol content in birds given the maize/soyabean meal diet. 5. The time course of triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver and associated changes in the bile triacylglycerol concentration in laying strain hens were different to those previously observed in broiler hens. 6. Over the lifetime of the bird, secretion of triacylglycerols into bile may play an important role in the prevention of fatty liver syndromes. PMID- 3446329 TI - Effect of a single injection of adrenaline on shell ultrastructure in a series of eggs from domestic hens. AB - 1. Adrenaline (1 mg in 1 ml water) was administered subcutaneously to three hens to determine whether any changes in the shell ultrastructure of subsequent eggs would occur. 2. The egg shells were examined in a scanning electron microscope after plasma etching. 3. The first three eggs laid by each bird after adrenaline injection were compared with previously-collected normal eggs from the same birds and also with control eggs collected over the same period from three hens which had received no adrenaline. 4. The first egg laid following adrenaline treatment was essentially normal but both the second and third eggs showed severe structural disorganisation at all levels, from the mamillary caps up to the cuticular layer. 5. Eggs laid 20 d or more after adrenaline treatment had reverted to normal. 6. The findings suggest that the abnormal eggs laid after hens have been exposed to disturbance or stress are likely to be affected in not only their external appearance but also to be of poor structural quality. PMID- 3446330 TI - Responses of broiler chicks to dietary copra cake of high lipid content. AB - 1. Broiler chicks fed on a diet containing 500 g/kg expeller copra cake of high residual oil content not only retained less dry matter and gained less weight than those fed on a control diet with no copra, they also experienced difficulty in achieving similar food intakes. 2. Chicks given the 500 g/kg copra ration initially displayed an excited behaviour pattern, which may have developed out of frustration as they could neither derive adequate nourishment from their food nor increase food intakes sufficiently to allow them to achieve their genetic potential for growth. 3. Chicks however showed considerable adaptation in that efficiency of food utilisation and intakes were increased gradually; the latter appeared to be partly regulated by an increased intake of water that was associated with copra feeding. The surface area of the intestines was also increased in order to facilitate the absorption of nutrients, and greater proportions of the nutrients absorbed were converted into body weight. 4. There were no significant differences in 7-week body weights of chicks fed the control, 125 g/kg and 250 g/kg copra diets. Although weight gains at the 500 g/kg inclusion rate were lower, the carcases of these chicks had less abdominal fat and were consequently leaner. PMID- 3446331 TI - Effects of beak trimming and restraint on heart rate, food intake, body weight and egg production in hens. AB - 1. Heart rate (measured on restrained hens in two experiments) was used as an indicator of short term fear and pain responses of light and heavy strains of hens subjected to beak trimming. 2. In the first experiment 3 mm of the upper and lower mandibles was trimmed, while in the second 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm of upper and lower mandibles were removed. 3. Production responses to beak trimming were measured after trimming, for 4 weeks in experiment 1 and for 10 weeks in experiment 2. 4. In the first experiment the recovery of beak trimmed hens to normal heart rate took significantly longer than that of control hens subjected only to catching and restraint, suggesting that there was short term pain associated with beak trimming. 5. The heavier strain took about 4 min longer to return to a normal heart rate than the lighter strain, indicating a strain difference in responsiveness to beak trimming. 6. Trimming the hens' beak by 3 mm had no significant effect on rate of lay or body weight, but their mean egg weight was depressed and food intake took 9 to 10 d to recover to pre-trimming values. 7. In the second experiment a plateau was reached in recovery time of the heart rate once 4 mm of beak was removed. Removal of 4, 6 and 8 mm of beak depressed normal feeding and resulted in variable effects on production and body weight. PMID- 3446332 TI - Effect of furazolidone and nitrofurazone on egg production, on plasma luteinising hormone and on prolactin concentrations in turkeys. AB - 1. Furazolidone or nitrofurazone were given orally to laying turkeys at doses of 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg for 7 d. Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and egg production were measured before, during and after treatment. 2. Both drugs produced dose-dependent decreases in LH concentration which were statistically significant at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg. Plasma PRL concentration was significantly increased in birds receiving 15 or 30 mg/kg of nitrofurazone, and tended to increase in the other treated groups, but this was not statistically significant. 3. Egg production was lowered in a dose-dependent manner by both drugs. However, nitrofurazone appeared to be more potent in reducing egg production than furazolidone. 4. Birds given 15 mg/kg of either drug were injected intramuscularly with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg and blood was collected immediately before and 30 min after LHRH administration. 5. Nitrofurazone significantly reduced the rise in LH induced by LHRH. Seven days after withdrawing the drug, the LHRH-induced LH release was not significantly different when compared to that in the control group or that seen on day 7 of treatment. PMID- 3446333 TI - Digestibilities of amino acids in maize, wheat and barley meals, determined with intact and caecectomised cockerels. AB - 1. Maize, wheat and barley meals, and a protein-free diet were each force-fed to 24 intact and 24 caecectomised adult cockerels. For each test, birds were starved of solid food for 48 h, fed, and then excreta collected for 48 h. 2. Quantities of nitrogen (N) and amino acids excreted after feeding the protein-free diet did not differ between intact and caecectomised birds. 3. True digestibility coefficients of N and amino acids did not differ between intact and caecectomised birds. 4. Differences between cereals in apparent digestibility of amino acids were inconsistent and more readily attributed to differences between amino acid intake than bioavailability. 5. Differences between cereals in true digestibility of amino acids were confined to higher values for N, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine in maize than in barley or wheat meals. PMID- 3446334 TI - Digestibilities of amino acids in soyabean, sunflower and groundnut meals, determined with intact and caecectomised cockerels. AB - 1. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated in which soyabean (dehulled), sunflower (hulled) and groundnut (dehulled) meals were the sole protein sources. 2. 50 g of each diet was tube-fed to each of 24 intact and 24 caecectomised cockerels, which had been previously starved for 48 h. Excreta were collected, individually, for 48 h. The concentrations of amino acids in the diets and excreta were determined, and digestibility coefficients calculated. 3. Differences between intact and caecectomised birds for true digestibility evaluations reached significance for threonine, glycine and lysine only. Deamination of threonine and glycine, and synthesis of lysine, in the caeca was implied. 4. Neither the true digestibility of nitrogen, nor that of the sum of the amino acids differed between protein sources. 5. True digestibilities of most essential amino acids, considered individually, in sunflower and groundnut meals were similar to or greater than, those of soyabean meal. Exceptionally, lysine was more digestible in soyabean (0.879) than in sunflower (0.722) or groundnut (0.788) meals. PMID- 3446335 TI - Location in the cage and diurnal distribution of feather pecking by caged layers. AB - 1. Most feather pecking occurred between birds in the same cage rather than between birds in neighbouring cages during both morning (81%) and afternoon (92%) observations. 2. In the afternoon feather pecking and cage pecking were respectively 3.6 and 4.4 times more prevalent than in the morning. The proportion of severe feather pecking (19%) was unaffected by time of day. 3. These findings are discussed with regard to the possibility that feather pecking in the afternoon may reflect attempts by hens to adapt to an unstimulating environment and the limited potential for control of feather pecking by modification of the design of conventional cages, unless between--cage transmission of the behaviour is important in the development of feather pecking. PMID- 3446336 TI - Interactions between fats of differing chemical content: apparent metabolisable energy values and apparent fat availability. AB - 1. Tallow (A) and rape oil (E) were obtained for evaluation. They were blended in the ratios A95:E5, A90:E10 and A80:E20. The three blends together with the two pure fats were each included at 40, 80 and 120 g/kg into a basal diet. 2. The experimental diets were evaluated for apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEN MJ/kg) and apparent fat availability (g/kg) using 6 replicates of a cage of two male broiler chicks 14 d old and 8 replicates of a cage of one Rhode Island cross cockerel approximately 1 year old. Diets were fed for 72 h then removed for 24 h. This was followed by a 48 h period when food was available ad libitum and a further 24 h of starvation. A total collection of excreta was undertaken each 24 h for the latter 72 h period. 3. Evaluation of AMEN and apparent fat availability for the individual fat blends was achieved through both linear and quadratic regression. 4. Synergism, as demonstrated by a higher determined than calculated AMEN value, was detected with fat blends fed to chicks but not cockerels and only at rates of inclusion beyond 80 g/kg. 5. No consistent differences between AMEN determined through calorimetry or AME determined with reference to apparent fat availability multiplied by fat gross energy were detected. PMID- 3446337 TI - Interactions between fats of differing chemical content: apparent availability of fatty acids. AB - 1. Tallow (A) and rape oil (E) were obtained for evaluation. They were blended in the ratios A95:E5, A90:E10 and A80:E20. The three blends together with the two pure fats were each included at 40, 80 and 120 g/kg into a basal diet. 2. The experimental diets were evaluated for apparent availability (g/kg) of the fatty acids palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) using 6 replicates of a cage of two male broiler chicks 14 d old and 8 replicates of a cage of one Rhode Island cross cockerel approximately 1 year old. Diets were fed for 72 h then removed for 24 h. This was followed by a 48 h period when food was available ad libitum and a further 24 h starvation. A total collection of excreta was undertaken for the latter 72 h period. 3. Evaluation of apparent available fatty acid (AAFA g/kg fatty acid) was achieved by linear regression. 4. All results indicated a progressive increase in AAFA with both chicks and adults for C16:0 and C18:0 with increasing proportions of the more unsaturated rape oil in the fat blends and for C18:1 and C18:2 with chicks. 5. Evaluation of AAFA by quadratic regression indicated an additional effect of rate of inclusion for C16:0 and C18:0 with chicks and adults and for C18:1 with chicks. PMID- 3446338 TI - Genetics of resistance to coccidiosis: response of inbred chicken lines to infection by Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima. AB - 1. Experiments have been carried out to compare weight gain, mortality and oocyst production in 7 inbred and partially inbred lines of chickens after challenge with the coccidial parasites Eimeria tenella and E. maxima. 2. There were large differences between lines in the effects of challenge on weight gain and mortality for both species of parasite. However, the lines suffering the greatest mortality were not those showing the greatest effects on weight gain, indicating that mortality alone is not an adequate criterion in selection for resistance. 3. Although oocyst production differed between lines there was no correlation with mortality or with weight loss, implying that the variation observed in these traits was not due to a restriction of the parasite but to an accommodation of its effects. 4. Mortality and weight loss resulting from challenge with E. tenella in the different lines did not correlate with that caused by E. maxima. 5. There was evidence of an association of genes of the major histocompatibility complex genes with mortality, but not with weight loss or oocyst production: there was no indication of association of resistance to coccidiosis with resistance to Marek's disease. PMID- 3446339 TI - Effects of oestrogen and anti-oestrogen on the cells of the endosteal surface of male Japanese quail. AB - 1. The endosteal cellular response occurring in the early stages of medullary bone formation was histologically examined in the femurs of male Japanese quail treated with oestrogen and antioestrogen. 2. The numbers of endosteal cells decreased, and preosteoblasts and osteoblasts increased, on the endosteal surface following oestrogen treatment. 3. After oestrogen and anti-oestrogen treatment the numbers of preosteoblasts and osteoblasts on the endosteal surface did not increase. However, endosteal cells slowly decreased in number and osteoclasts increased. 4. This study demonstrates that differentiation of osteoblasts is induced by oestrogen stimulation and suggests that osteoclasts occur by oestrogen inhibition on the endosteal surface. PMID- 3446340 TI - Food intake of normal and internal layers: a question of energy balance. AB - 1. Normal adult laying hens, which produced 41 g egg/hen d, ate 30 g/hen d more of a pelleted diet than did hens of the same age which were induced to lay eggs internally by surgical treatment of their oviducts. This implied that 0.336 MJ metabolised energy was required to produce 0.251 MJ egg, or 75% efficiency of utilisation of ME. 2. This may not have represented the true cost of egg production because both normal and internal layers gained weight during testing, at slightly different rates, suggesting that they did not regulate energy balance precisely. 3. The internal layers were less active and also saved energy by resorbing egg material. Their greater body weight was due to unresorbed eggs and to heavier fat deposits, which were accompanied by higher concentrations of lipid in the blood. 4. It was estimated that internal layers ate 4 to 5% more per day than was required to maintain the same lipid status as normal layers; these data provide further evidence that poultry do not regulate their food intake precisely by energostatic or lipostatic means. PMID- 3446341 TI - Absorption of protein, fatty acids and minerals in young turkeys under heat and cold stress. AB - 1. Absorption of protein, fatty acids, calcium, phosphate and potassium by young turkeys maintained at thermoneutral (24 degrees C), hot (35 degrees C) and cold (8 degrees C) conditions was examined. 2. Non-acclimatised, heat-stressed birds absorbed less potassium and phosphate, whereas absorption of nitrogen, fatty acids and calcium was not altered, as compared with birds at 24 degrees C. Non acclimatised, cold-stressed birds absorbed less calcium than control birds and more nitrogen than non-acclimatised, heat-stressed birds. 3. Heat acclimatization might reduce the adverse effect of heat stress on potassium and phosphate absorption. PMID- 3446342 TI - Relationship between parental age, egg weight and hatching weight of Japanese quail. AB - 1. The relationships between egg weight or age of breeder quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and 1-d-old chick weight were determined. 2. Significant correlations were found between egg weight and chick weight (R2 = 0.32) and age and chick weight (R2 = 0.86). Thus, hatching weight was influenced more by the age of breeder quails than by egg weight as such. 3. Chick weight was accurately predicted by the use of age as a single independent variable; egg weight did not explain any further variation. PMID- 3446343 TI - Evidence that the mottled (mo) and pied (pi) plumage genes of the domestic fowl are identical. AB - 1. An investigation was conducted among the progeny from crosses between Exchequer Leghorn and Ancona bantams into the relationship between two plumage phenotypes, pied and mottled, both of which are arrangements of non-pigmentation expressed on a background of eumelanin. 2. Both the pied and mottled phenotypes had previously shown to be caused by recessive genes, denoted pi and mo respectively. 3. The progeny consisted entirely of intermediaries between the two parental phenotypes, indicating that pi and mo are one and the same gene for which I retain the symbol mo. PMID- 3446344 TI - Observations on the size of the follicular hierarchy in the turkey hen and a case of arrested follicular growth. AB - 1. The phase of rapid development of ovarian follicles in turkeys fed ad libitum or given a restricted allocation of food from 6 to 30 weeks of age was determined by feeding a fat soluble dye and counting the number of rings of dye in the yolks of laid eggs. 2. The duration of rapid growth was similar in ad libitum and restricted birds and averaged 11.6 d. The maximum number of yellow follicles greater than 8 mm expected in the hierarchy of the turkey hen is 9 to 10 compared with 6 to 7 in the chicken. 3. Discontinuous growth was observed in a series of follicles from one bird. This is believed to be the first report of arrested follicular growth in the turkey. PMID- 3446346 TI - True and apparent metabolisable energy. PMID- 3446345 TI - Clarification of the relationship between digestible starch content and the metabolisable energy of Australian wheats. PMID- 3446347 TI - Observation on a 65-kilodalton protein isolated from kanagawa positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Crude hemolysin from four KP+ strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus belonging to serotype 02:K3 exhibited a major protein band (molecular weight, 65 kilodaltons (kDa] in addition to a previously known thermostable direct hemolysin band (molecular weight, 21 kDa) in SDS - polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. These strains showed maximum virulence leading to 100% mouse lethality within 2-6 h. It is hypothesized that this 65-kDa protein may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by V. parahaemolyticus. PMID- 3446348 TI - Lipid profiles of conidia of Aspergillus niger and a fatty acid auxotroph. AB - Conidial lipids of the wild-type (V35) Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) were compared. The wild type contained lower levels (7.6%) of phospholipids and higher levels (28.4%) of glycolipids than the mutant (16.5 and 22.2%, respectively). Oleic (33.4%), linoleic (22.5%), palmitic (12.8%), stearic (7.4%), and linolenic (6.2%) were the main fatty acids of the wild type (V35). The mutant grew only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid having at least one delta 9cis double bond, and its conidial fatty acid profile was influenced by the exogenous acid. Analyses of the fatty acids of UFA2 grown in the presence of different fatty acid supplements support the original view that the mutant is defective in delta 9-desaturase activity. PMID- 3446349 TI - Bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water. AB - A quantitative study of bacterial populations in mineral water was carried out. Samples were stored at 6 and 20 degrees C, and the colony counts were determined on tryptone agar plates incubated at 22 and 37 degrees C. Samples were collected from the spring source in sterile glass flasks and from the bottling factory in conventional plastic and glass containers. In both cases, the initial population (10(1)-10(2) cfu/mL water) increased to 10(5)-10(6) cfu/mL after 3 days storage as determined from plate counts incubated at 22 degrees C. The levels reached by this population were similar to those of samples of mineral water obtained at the market stage. Results from plate counts incubated at 37 degrees C showed that populations in samples collected at the bottling factory reached 10(2)-10(3) cfu/mL. No growth was observed in water collected from spring source. Bacterial multiplication was not stopped even when water was stored at 6 degrees C. Caulobacter was the genus found most frequently in both types of samples, followed by Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas fluorescens were frequently found in only two springs, and Pseudomonas putida, Arthrobacter, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Corynebacterium were isolated less frequently. Janthinobacterium was recovered only once from a single spring. A giant bacterium closely resembling Hyphomicrobium and a budding one similar to Pasteuria were recovered from all samples of a single spring and from some of the commercial samples. PMID- 3446350 TI - Glucose-stimulated acidogenesis by Streptomyces peucetius. AB - Cultures of Streptomyces peucetius often were observed to divert spontaneously from the production of anthracycline antibiotics to the excretion of acidic metabolites, whether grown in a defined medium or a nutrient-rich medium. The predominant excreted acidic metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to be pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate. The acidification occurred at high frequencies when glucose was the primary carbon source in a defined medium, at intermediate frequencies when fructose was the primary carbon source, and did not occur when either maltose, starch, or dextrin were used as primary carbon sources. PMID- 3446351 TI - Advances in surgery. PMID- 3446352 TI - New equipment and instruments for excisional surgery. PMID- 3446353 TI - Complicated surgical techniques. II. Liposuction. PMID- 3446354 TI - Cryosurgery. PMID- 3446355 TI - Expansion: dermatologic surgery enters the 21st century. PMID- 3446356 TI - Wound healing and dermatologic dressings. PMID- 3446357 TI - Wound healing: ultrastructural aspects. PMID- 3446358 TI - Hair transplantation surgery. PMID- 3446359 TI - Surgical reduction of alopecia. PMID- 3446360 TI - Complicated surgical techniques. I. Flaps and grafts. AB - Most defects in dermatologic surgery can be repaired by primary closure. If this is not feasible, then local flaps should be employed. Where flaps are unfeasible or would result in an additional cosmetic deformity, then a full-thickness skin graft should be employed. If the defect is too large for a full-thickness skin graft, then a split-thickness skin graft is the appropriate choice. Individual surgical situations or the medical status of the patient may alter these general principles. PMID- 3446361 TI - Effect of histamine on cardiac sarcolemmal calcium binding as indicated by use of ionic lanthanum. AB - To determine whether the inotropic effect of histamine might be associated with enhanced calcium binding to the sarcolemmal-glycocalyx complex, the effect of histamine on lanthanum binding to the cell membrane in the presence of verapamil was assessed. Rabbit hearts were perfused firstly with histamine, secondly with histamine and verapamil, and subsequently with histamine in the presence of lanthanum and verapamil. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of bound lanthanum on both the cellular surface and cytoplasmic vesicles of most cardiac myocytes, which is in contrast to the absence of lanthanum binding that occurs in the presence of verapamil alone. Furthermore, this histamine mediated enhancement of lanthanum binding is not affected by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine but is reduced by the H2 antagonist cimetidine. This visual evidence of an apparent enhancement of lanthanum binding under histamine and subsequent attenuation with cimetidine supports the hypothesis that histamine may exert its positive inotropic effect by causing increased calcium binding to the sarcolemmal-glycocalyx complex of cardiac muscle and that the effect is mediated at least in part by H2 receptors. PMID- 3446362 TI - Histamine induced alteration of calcium binding to microvascular endothelium as indicated by use of ionic lanthanum. AB - To determine whether histamine's effect on microvascular permeability might be associated with altered calcium binding, the influence of histamine on lanthanum binding to vascular endothelium was assessed in the presence of verapamil. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused firstly with histamine, secondly with histamine and verapamil, and subsequently with histamine in the presence of lanthanum and verapamil. Examination by transmission electron microscopy showed that 92% of microvessels examined contained bound lanthanum on plasma membranes, plasmalemmal vesicles, or endothelial clefts of vascular endothelium, or all three, in both atria and ventricles, which is in contrast to the low proportion (4%) of microvessels containing bound lanthanum found in the presence of verapamil alone. The enhancement of lanthanum binding was reduced by both H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the increase in vascular permeability with histamine may be associated with increased calcium binding to vascular endothelial membranes and that both H1 and H2 receptors play a part in this activity. PMID- 3446363 TI - Effect of a new phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor as a coronary vasodilator and positive inotropic agent. AB - Isolated rabbit coronary arteries, aortic strips, and a working rabbit heart preparation were used to assess the positive inotropic and vasodilator effects of a newly developed positive inotropic compound, CI 914. The substance had a relaxing effect on histamine preconstricted coronary arteries and aortic strips. At concentrations of 10(-4) mol.litre-1 the relaxing effect on the coronary arteries was significant only at a histamine concentration of 3 x 10(-4) mol.litre-1 (p less than 0.01) whereas at a concentration of 10(-3) mol.litre-1 the relaxing effect was significant at histamine concentrations of from 3 x 10( 5) mol.litre-1 to 3 x 10(-4) mol.litre-1. Aortic strips were more sensitive to the relaxing effect of CI 914, which was significant with 10(-4) mol.litre-1 at histamine concentrations of 3 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.01). In the isolated working heart preparation topically sprayed histamine significantly increased total and large coronary artery resistances (p less than 0.001 and p less than .01). This effect was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02) when CI 914 10(-4) mol.litre-1 was present in the perfusion fluid. These findings show that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor CI 914, a positive inotropic agent, induces vasodilation in isolated coronary arteries and aortic strips of the rabbit and reduces the constriction of coronary arteries induced by histamine in the isolated working rabbit heart preparation. PMID- 3446364 TI - Assessment of myocardial contractility in man. PMID- 3446365 TI - An analytical method to separate inotropic and vasodilatory drug effects in patients with heart failure. AB - A recently proposed analytical technique to determine whether an inotropic agent improves cardiac pumping performance via its vasodilatory or its positive inotropic effects was adopted to evaluate the pharmacological properties of a positive inotropic agent, dobutamine, and a vasodilatory calcium antagonist, felodipine, in patients with severe heart failure. This technique used a new principle of pump-load interaction, which states that for a given change in vascular input impedance unaccompanied by any direct alteration in the pumping characteristics all possible values of pump power output due to the change in impedance per se are confined within two calculated limits. When dobutamine was infused at 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 seven out of 10 patients had power output values above the defined limits, implying that the technique can identify correctly in vivo the direct positive inotropic effects of dobutamine in the presence of its vasodilating activity. In contrast, when 5-10 mg of felodipine was given to 10 patients the consequent power outputs were all within the defined limits, implying that the effects can be explained by vasodilatation alone. In conclusion, this study showed that the analytical technique can be applied clinically to detect the presence of drug induced positive inotropic effects in the midst of vasodilatation and therefore may be useful in determining whether inotropic agents actually improve cardiac function via their positive inotropic effects. PMID- 3446366 TI - Problem of measuring the positive inotropic property of a vasodilating drug: an illustration using felodipine. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the presence or absence in patients of positive inotropic activity in a vasodilator drug that improves cardiac output by virtue of that vasodilatation. Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that has a positive inotropic effect at low concentration in the dog in vivo. In nine patients undergoing coronary angiography in whom heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing the solvent for the intravenous administration of the drug was infused followed by the active solution. Haemodynamic variables were measured with the Mills combined left ventricular cathetertip manometer and aortic electromagnetic blood velocity transducer. Reflex positive inotropic effects were blocked with the beta adrenergic blocking drug atenolol. An index of contractility was used to assess inotropic effects--the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure measured by cathetertip micromanometry; this was an isovolumic event and therefore not sensitive to arterial pressure change, and it was unaffected by changes in left ventricular end diastolic pressure. In all patients peripheral vasodilatation was observed in the plasma felodipine concentration range of 2-40 nmol.litre-1. In eight patients this was accompanied by an 11-36% increase in maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, indicating a small positive inotropic effect. Felodipine appears to show both agonist and antagonist properties in man as well as in the dog. PMID- 3446367 TI - Investigation of the parallel conductor model of impedance cardiography by means of exchange transfusion with stroma free haemoglobin solution in the dog. AB - To test one of the assumptions underlying the calculation of stroke volume- namely, that the transthoracic impedance consists of a parallel connection of a tissue impedance and a blood resistance--experiments were carried out on four dogs in which blood was gradually replaced by a stroma free haemoglobin solution, with the purpose of changing the blood resistance while leaving the tissue impedance unchanged. This was accomplished by exchange transfusion in such a way that the volume of the circulating fluid remained constant and the distribution of fluid volume between the fluid compartments was not altered. During the exchange transfusions the mean decrease in resistivity of the circulating fluid was 54%. The packed cell volume and resistivity of every volume of removed circulating fluid were measured. Just before each exchange the real and imaginary parts of the transthoracic impedance were measured. The packed cell volume decreased exponentially with the number of exchanges. This indicates that the circulating fluid volume remained constant during the exchange transfusion. From the packed cell volumes an estimate of the circulating fluid volume was made. Because of the parallel connection all calculations were based on the use of admittance, which is the reciprocal value of impedance. The real and imaginary parts of the transthoracic admittance were calculated from the measured values of the real and imaginary parts of the transthoracic impedance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446368 TI - Validation of local venous sampling within the at risk left anterior descending artery vascular bed in the canine left ventricle. AB - The validity of using blood sampled from the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), anatomically located within the myocardium perfused by the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, to represent venous drainage originating from the LAD vascular territory was studied in eight anaesthetised, open chest dogs. The LAD was cannulated and perfused from a blood reservoir isolated from the systemic circulation. To determine the presence of blood from non-LAD sources that appears in the AIV sample, 51Cr-labelled red blood cells were injected into the left atrium and distributed in the systemic circulation while the LAD was perfused by non-radioactive blood. The percentage spillover of red blood cells from non-LAD sources into the AIV drainage was determined under control, reduced LAD flow, ischaemia, and reperfusion conditions as 100 X (AIV chromium content/arterial chromium content). Spillover of red blood cells into AIV blood samples averaged only 1.5(1.3)% under control conditions and increased insignificantly to 8.6(3.5)% during reduced LAD flow. During ischaemia red blood cells in AIV blood increased insignificantly to 98.3(5.0)% but decreased to 1.9(1.3)% after reperfusion. Studies in five dogs with microspheres showed that a portion of this admixture from non-LAD sources originated from precapillary nutritional collateral or overlapping blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446369 TI - Quantitative and temporal relation between the release of myoglobin and creatine kinase and the evolution of vectorcardiographic changes during acute myocardial infarction in man. AB - The relation in time and magnitude between QRS vector changes (QRS-VD), ST vectors (ST-VM), and the cumulated release of myoglobin, total creatine kinase, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB was studied. Seventy four patients with a first myocardial infarction and a history of symptoms of up to 5 h were included. Blood samples for enzyme analysis were taken every 4-6 h for 72 h and cumulated enzyme release was calculated from a monocompartmental first order model. QRS-VD and ST VM were determined every 10 min for 24 h by computer analysis of Frank lead vectorcardiograms. Infarct sizes were visually determined from the different enzymatic and vectorcardiographic evolution curves. Eight patients were excluded from the analysis because they had a QRS width greater than or equal to 120 ms or ill defined plateaus of the release curves. The relation between infarct sizes estimated from QRS-VD and total creatine kinase was r = 0.62; QRS-VD and myoglobin release r = 0.57; total creatine kinase and myoglobin release r = 0.72, showing that these variables are good and complementary indices for estimating myocardial infarct size. Median infarct evolution curves were computed after the individual curves were normalised to 100%. ST-VM fell rapidly during the first 7 h to 40% of the initial values. QRS-VD and myoglobin release were closely associated and completed their development on average 15 h after the onset of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446370 TI - Evaluation of the effect of metoprolol on energy metabolism in the ischaemic myocardium in relation to regional myocardial blood flow. AB - To evaluate the effect of beta blockade on energy metabolism in ischaemic myocardium metoprolol tartrate in doses of 0.2 or 0.5 mg.kg-1 or saline was injected into 24 anaesthetised dogs 20 min after coronary ligation. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by the hydrogen gas clearance method, and the heart rate and aortic pressure were recorded. After 60 min coronary occlusion myocardial biopsy specimens were removed from five areas where myocardial blood flow had been recorded to determine their content of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP). Respiratory function and acyl-coenzyme A contents of mitochondria isolated from ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardium were also measured. In the control group the ATP content in severely ischaemic myocardium where myocardial blood flow was less than 20 ml.min-1.100 g-1 was decreased to 27.5% of that in the non ischaemic area, whereas the administration of metoprolol 0.5 mg.kg-1 maintained ATP content at 46.3%. In ischaemic myocardium metoprolol inhibited the accumulation of long chain acyl-coenzyme A in mitochondria and significantly preserved their respiratory function. In contrast, metoprolol did not affect myocardial blood flow in myocardium where flow was less than 60 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Heart rate was decreased by metoprolol in proportion to the dose, whereas mean aortic pressure was not changed. These results suggest that beta blockade had beneficial effects on the energy metabolism of ischaemic myocardium and that such effects might be due not only to a reduction in cardiac work but also to a reduction in the vicious circle of fatty acid metabolism in ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 3446371 TI - Effect of early coronary artery reperfusion on infarct development in a model of low collateral flow. AB - To characterise collateral blood flow patterns after coronary artery occlusion in the rat and to determine whether tissue can be salvaged by reperfusion in this model, anaesthetised rats were subjected to 20, 30, 40, 60 min of coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion or 24 h of permanent occlusion. Relative regional blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres after 10 min of occlusion in rats undergoing 30 min of occlusion plus reperfusion and in those undergoing 24 h of permanent occlusion. The area at risk was determined by in vivo injection of fluorescent microspheres and necrosis delineated by in vitro tetrazolium staining. Tracings of heart slices were planimetered and the area of necrosis and transmural extent of the infarct measured. Blood flow in the area at risk during occlusion was similar in both the reperfused and permanent occlusion groups. In the 30 min group mean(SEM) subendocardial flow was reduced to 13(5)% of normal and subepicardial flow to 9(3)% and in the permanent occlusion group to 11(2)% and 8(3)% respectively. As delineated by fluorescent microspheres the area at risk was transmural in all rats; however, infarct size expressed as a percentage of the area at risk increased as the duration of occlusion increased. In rats reperfused up to 30 min after occlusion the area of necrosis as a percentage of the area at risk was significantly decreased compared with that in the permanent occlusion group (36.4(9.2)% in rats with 30 min occlusion plus 24 h reperfusion and 78.6(7.4)% in rats with permanent occlusion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446372 TI - Monophasic action potentials in patients with coronary artery disease: reproducibility and electrical restitution and conduction at different stimulation rates. AB - Monophasic action potentials were recorded in the outflow tract of the right ventricle in patients with coronary artery disease during ventricular pacing at different basic cycle lengths and programmed stimulation. During continuous pacing (basic cycle length 600 ms) the time for 90% repolarisation (MAP90) and the QTa interval decreased exponentially during the first 1.5-2 min of pacing to 90% of control values. The reproducibility of the monophasic action potential signals and the ventricular effective refractory period were assessed as good when studied after repetitive trains of 8 beats for more than 1.5 min. The reproducibility of conduction, however, was less good. Electrical restitution of MAP90 duration of the premature beats determined at three different basic cycle lengths was different from that in single muscle preparations. The curves showed two phases with unchanged MAP90 durations despite longer coupling intervals. The first phase was close to the ventricular effective refractory period, probably because subnormal conduction left the diastolic interval constant for the earliest premature beats. This indicates that subnormal conduction may influence the premature dispersion of repolarisation. PMID- 3446373 TI - Kappa-selective opiate antagonist nor-binaltorphimine improves outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. AB - Nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) is a recently developed opiate antagonist that has a high degree of selectivity for kappa-opiate receptors. Because of the proposed role of kappa-opiate receptors in mediating secondary damage after spinal trauma, the effect of nor-BNI was studied in a well-characterized model of traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. Nor-BNI, at a dose of 10 mg/kg administered intravenously at 15 min following impact trauma to T-9, significantly improved neurological recovery, measured both in terms of Tarlov motor scores and ability to maintain position on an inclined plane. Given intrathecally, at doses that were ineffective systemically (0.1 mg/kg), nor-BNI also significantly improved neurological recovery after trauma. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous opioids, through actions at kappa-opiate receptors within the spinal cord, contribute to the pathophysiological changes after spinal trauma that lead to irreversible tissue damage, and indicate that kappa-receptor antagonists may be beneficial for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. PMID- 3446374 TI - Motoneuronal activity of cat lumbar spinal cord following separation from descending or contralateral impulses. PMID- 3446375 TI - Distribution of mitochondrial introns in the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the origin of the group II intron in the gene encoding apocytochrome b. AB - The mitochondrial genome size of 26 different Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains varies between 17.6 and 24.6 kilobase pairs due to the presence or absence of introns. One of these is the group II intron in the gene encoding apocytochrome b (cob: intron cobI1). Partial DNA sequences of continuous cob genes from six strains (including strain EF1: Trinkl et al. 1985) revealed identical nucleotide sequence in the region where the group II intron is inserted in the mosaic form of the gene. In contrast, analysis of the mosaic cob gene in strain UCD-FstI revealed several base pair changes in the exon regions flanking the splice point, compared with the continuous genes and with the mosaic cob gene in strain 50 (Lang et al. 1985). The base pair differences between the exons of the two mosaic cob genes and the identity of exons in all continuous cob genes argue in favour of the two cob introns in strains 50 and UCD-FstI as independent later acquisitions of the genes, rather than loss of the intron from a common mosaic ancestor of all strains. Other introns present in some but not all strain include two group I introns without open reading frame in the gene encoding subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox1: introns cox1I2a and cox1I3), and two group I introns with open reading frames in the same gene (introns cox1I1 and cox1I2b). PMID- 3446376 TI - [Clove (Eugenia aromatca Baillon)]. PMID- 3446377 TI - [Effect of covering soil on the germination rate of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer]. PMID- 3446378 TI - [Determination of chlorogenic acid in various processed samples of Lonicera japonica Thunb]. PMID- 3446379 TI - [Determination of muscone contents in Chinese drug preparations containing Moschus by the TLC scanning method]. PMID- 3446380 TI - [Studies on the flavonoids from the leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen]. PMID- 3446381 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the essential oil in the seed of Lactuca setiva L. and its diuretic action]. PMID- 3446382 TI - [Preliminary comparative analysis of the fruit of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. and G. officinalis Hemsl]. PMID- 3446383 TI - [Stimulation effect of huangqi injection on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of embryo chicken femoral in vitro]. PMID- 3446384 TI - [Comparison of some pharmacological effects between Cordyceps sinensis (Berk). Sacc. and Cephalosporium sinensis Chen sp. nov]. PMID- 3446385 TI - [Preliminary studies on the mechanism of antineoplastic action of injections of sansheng compound]. PMID- 3446386 TI - [Pharmacognosy studies of the Chinese drug guanzhong produced in middle-south China]. PMID- 3446387 TI - [Theory and practice of the technology of extraction of Chinese traditional drugs]. PMID- 3446388 TI - [Microscopic identification of 4 species of flos Daturae]. PMID- 3446389 TI - [Technology on the introduction and cultivation of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor]. PMID- 3446390 TI - [Studies on processed rhubarbs. VIII. Effect of processing on rhatannin containing compounds]. PMID- 3446391 TI - [Inclusion compounds of 8 Chinese medicinal volatile oils with beta cyclodextrin]. PMID- 3446392 TI - [Flavonoids of Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser and T. sutchuenensis var. duclouxii (Lecomte) Kiuined]. PMID- 3446393 TI - [Isolation and identification of gentiopicroside from the roots of Gentiana triflora Pall]. PMID- 3446394 TI - [TLC-UV spectrophotometric determination of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Glehniae root]. PMID- 3446395 TI - [Vasodilating effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (Berk) Sacc. mycelia in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 3446396 TI - [Effects of aqueous extracts of rhizoma seu radix Notopterygii (Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang) on experimental arrhythmias]. PMID- 3446397 TI - [Discussion on the essence of five flavors of Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 3446398 TI - [Cultivation of Andrographis paniculata]. PMID- 3446399 TI - [A processing technic for huaimi tan (Sophora japonica)]. PMID- 3446400 TI - [Analysis of cholic acid in dannanxing (Arisaema cum bile) and a compound preparation of dannanxing]. PMID- 3446401 TI - [Separation and identification of the volatile oil of Patrinia heterophylla]. PMID- 3446402 TI - [Determination of the polysaccharide content in Jilin red ginseng and Korean ginseng]. PMID- 3446403 TI - [Determination of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in ginseng royal jelly by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3446405 TI - [A survey of materia medica used by the Dai tribe]. PMID- 3446404 TI - [Re-evaluation of the vomitive action of the rhizome of ginseng]. PMID- 3446407 TI - [Comparative identification of yanhusuo (Corydalis yanhusuo) and xiatianwu (C. decumbens)]. PMID- 3446406 TI - [Differentiation and identification of snake bile and the bile of some small animals]. PMID- 3446408 TI - Effects of substrate composition on the esterification and hydrolysis activity of lysosomal acid sterol ester hydrolase. AB - Lipid microemulsions with various core and surface lipid compositions were prepared by co-sonication of cholesteryl esters, triolein (TO), egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), and cholesterol. The heterogeneous emulsion particle mixture was purified by gel filtration and particles with the size and general organization of low density lipoproteins were obtained. These lipid microemulsion particles were used for studies of the cellular metabolism of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol and cholesteryl esters as catalyzed by the enzyme acid sterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The hydrolysis of cholesteryl oleate (CO) was more than twice and that of cholesteryl linoleate (CL) more than three times faster than the hydrolysis of cholesteryl stearate (CS) over the temperature range 25-39.6 degrees C. Both the synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters were insensitive to the physical state of the microemulsion cores. The synthesis of cholesteryl esters by this enzyme was also insensitive to the ratios of cholesterol and egg PC in the microemulsion surface layers. Incorporation of triolein into the microemulsion cholesteryl ester core slightly increased the rate of cholesteryl ester synthesis. A decreasing fatty acyl chain length (C18:0 to C14:0) and an increasing degree of unsaturation (C18:0 to C18:2) enhanced the synthesis rate. It is suggested that the hydrolysis and synthesis of cholesteryl esters in microemulsions (and lipoproteins) take place only in the particle surface layer and that the rate of catalysis is directly dependent on the amount of substrate in this surface layer. PMID- 3446409 TI - Lipase kinetics at the triacylglycerol-water interface using surface tension measurements. AB - Two methods, the so-called "oil drop" and "Teflon plunger" methods, were designed to monitor lipase hydrolysis of natural long-chain triacylglycerols through the variation with time of the oil-water interfacial tension. The first part of this work is devoted to the development of these two techniques using pure, well characterized porcine pancreatic lipase. They gave linear responses with enzyme concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(-3) to 30 units x ml-1. We then applied them to a study of the optimal pH conditions for human gastric lipase which were found to range around 5, as previously observed. In the presence of variable concentrations of sodium taurodeoxycholate, these two methods also showed that human gastric lipase is active in the 8-13 dyn cm-1 range of interfacial tension. It is concluded that these two methods, based upon variations with time of the oil-water interfacial tension, constitute reliable, sensitive and convenient means of investigating lipase kinetics. PMID- 3446410 TI - Activation of lipoprotein lipase by apolipoprotein C-II is modulated by the COOH terminal region of apolipoprotein C-III. AB - The in vitro effect of apolipoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) induced activation of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied in vitro using a synthetic substrate. Apo C-III effectively inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the activation of lipoprotein lipase induced by apo C II. A 3-fold molar apo C-III excess decreased the lipoprotein lipase activity by 25%. Thrombin cleavage of apo C-III produced two fragments: only fragment 41-79 retained the inhibitory activity and was equipotent to native apo C-III1 on a molar basis. Neither displacement of apo C-II from the substrate, as determined using 125I-labeled apo C-II, nor the charge carried by sialic residues of apo C III, as demonstrated in experiments performed after neuraminidase treatment, accounted for this effect. I speculate that apo C-III may act by inhibiting the apo C-II-LPL interaction. PMID- 3446411 TI - A differential scanning calorimetry study of the interaction of free fatty acids with phospholipid membranes. AB - Mixtures of stearic, arachic, oleic and linoleic acids with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and distearylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) have been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mixtures of stearic (SA) and arachic acids (AA) with DMPC and DSPC show phase diagrams of the peritectic type, with a region of solid phase immiscibility from 0 to 28.5 mol% of fatty acid. A pure component, with a stoichiometry fatty acid/phospholipid (2:1) seems to be formed except for the system AA/DSPC. The mixtures of oleic (OA) and linoleic acids (LA) show complex phase diagrams. In the case of OA, different regions where a phase separation exists can be observed and for the mixture of OA with DMPC, a pure component seems to be formed with a stoichiometry OA/DMPC (1:2). LA shows different behaviour in the mixtures with DMPC and with DSPC. For the mixture, LA/DMPC, a fluid phase immiscibility region is observed over the same range of concentration as for the mixture with OA, however, the mixture with DSPC shows a solid phase immiscibility for the samples containing 45 mol% or more of LA. The interaction of the different free fatty acids with equimolar mixtures of DMPC and DSPC, showing monotectic behaviour, has also been analyzed. From our results it can be clearly concluded that saturated fatty acids partition preferentially into solid-like domains, while cis unsaturated fatty acids partition preferentially into fluid-like domains. PMID- 3446412 TI - A calorimetric examination of the effect of myotoxin a on the thermotropic phase behavior of model lipid membranes. AB - The effect of myotoxin a on the thermotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS) was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Myotoxin a significantly altered the normal phase behavior of DMPC in a concentration dependent fashion. This effect is perturbed by Ca2+ and is sensitive to ionic strength and pH. High concentrations of toxin eliminate the characteristic pretransition associated with the polar head group of DMPC. They also increase the temperature of the main gel-to-liquid crystal transition from 23 degrees C to 32-35 degrees C. At low concentrations of toxin, the first visible effect is upon the pretransition which is split into two components that diminish with time. The main transition is less affected at low toxin concentrations, although the magnitude of the transition is reduced while it is simultaneously shifted to higher temperatures. The main transition is also split into multiple components. The toxin also had pH specific effects on the phase behavior of DMPS. Above physiological pH (8.5) the normal transition of DMPS at 36-38 degrees C was split in the presence of myotoxin a and new components appeared centered at 31 degrees C and 35 degrees C. These observations are consistent with reports that the skeletal muscle membrane system is the major site of the myonecrotic effect of myotoxin a. PMID- 3446413 TI - [Treatment of perineal breach in radical surgery of the rectum: notes on the surgical technic]. AB - The Authors review the various techniques used in closing and draining the pelvic basin after total resection of the rectum due to neoplastic and/or inflammatory disease. The examine their experience with 248 cases of total resection of the rectum and propose closure of the perineal breach as the first step in through closure of the pelvic peritoneum. PMID- 3446414 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant colorectal neoplasms in the population over (our experience)]. AB - The Authors examine a series of 95 operations in the Verona Surgical Clinic for colorectal carcinoma in patients aged above 75 and discuss the results obtained. The low mortality rate (2.95% for resections) and the acceptable incidence of morbidity confirm the validity of performing radical surgery for malignancies in very elderly patients, as is stressed in most of the relevant literature. PMID- 3446415 TI - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of the solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum]. AB - The authors examine the question of the pathogenesis of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (S.R.U.S), illustrating the importance of a correct differential diagnosis versus other relevant forms of disease affecting this region, particularly rectal cancer. They describe their experience with both the medical and surgical treatment of the syndrome. PMID- 3446416 TI - Treatment of atopic dermatitis with salbutamol. PMID- 3446417 TI - Cimetidine therapy of herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 3446418 TI - The association of chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity. PMID- 3446419 TI - Colour changes during 'Raynaud's phenomenon' and finger blood supply during direct and indirect cooling procedures. PMID- 3446420 TI - Ingrowing fingernails: an unusual complication of acromegaly successfully treated by conservative means. PMID- 3446421 TI - Sweet's syndrome: a report on the use of potassium iodide. PMID- 3446422 TI - Intermittent pneumatic compression treatment for post-thrombotic leg ulcers. PMID- 3446423 TI - Management of toxic epidermal necrolysis with a hydrogel dressing and fluidized bead bed: report of three cases. PMID- 3446424 TI - Cowden's disease in two sisters, one showing partial expression. PMID- 3446425 TI - Mast cell phagocytosis of melanosomes in a case of Rothmund-Thomson's congenital poikiloderma. PMID- 3446426 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa with squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3446427 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with polycythaemia rubra vera. PMID- 3446428 TI - Cheyletiella dermatitis: a case report and the role of specific immunological hypersensitivity in its pathogenesis. PMID- 3446429 TI - [Proceeding of the 28th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Neurology]. PMID- 3446430 TI - Reference ranges of retinol, tocopherols, lycopene and alpha- and beta-carotene in plasma by simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. AB - Using a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure, age- and gender-based reference ranges for plasma retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, lycopene, and alpha- and beta-carotene have been established. In addition to confirming higher retinol levels in men than in women (p less than 0.001), this study demonstrates significantly higher plasma levels of both carotenes in women than in men (p less than 0.001). The plasma levels of retinol and beta-carotene showed a positive relationship with age after adjusting for plasma lipids (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.02, respectively). In contrast to beta-carotene, there was no gender difference for plasma lycopene and a strong (p less than 0.001) inverse relationship of lycopene with age. These results suggest that differences may exist between beta-carotene and lycopene in their intestinal absorption, plasma transport, or tissue metabolism. PMID- 3446431 TI - Administration of recombinant tumor necrosis factor to rats bearing the Dunning R3327 MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Copenhagen X Fischer F1 rats bearing palpable Dunning R3327 MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinomas were treated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intratumor (i.t.) injection with either human serum albumin alone or in combination with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF). At intervals tumors were measured and survivals noted. A maximum tolerable dose and least toxic route of administration was then determined. Those treated i.t. with rTNF survived significantly longer and ultimately developed significantly smaller tumors than untreated controls. Those administered rTNF by the i.p. route had less significant increases in survival with intermediate final tumor sizes. PMID- 3446432 TI - Evaluation of blood pressure control after bilateral glomectomy: effects of propranolol treatment. AB - The effects of bilateral glomectomy on arterial blood pressure and heart rate and the response to the pressor tests were studied in a women of 37. Arterial pressure and ECG were recorded by the continuous unrestricted Oxford method. Hypotension, increased blood pressure variability and tachycardia rapidly developed 2 days after surgery, indicating sympathetic hyperactivity and/or deactivation of vagal tone. Wide blood pressure fluctuations were present on standing and abnormal blood pressure responses to head up tilting and to the Valsalva maneuver were observed reflecting a less prompt and precise control of blood pressure. Treatment with propranolol reduced tachycardia and blood pressure variability. After 5 and 17 months of this therapy propranolol was withheld for 36 h. Tachycardia was still present and blood pressure fluctuations were recorded on assuming the upright posture. However, the heart rate and pressure response to the Valsalva maneuver were normal after 17 months, indicating an improvement of the reflex control of blood pressure. PMID- 3446433 TI - Absence of plasma protein binding of aldosterone in normal and estrogen-treated rabbit. AB - In experiments on direct effects of prolonged administration of estrogen on In experiments on direct effects of prolonged administration of estrogen on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma corticosteroid-binding variables in the rabbit the following observations were made. Estrogen had no effect on MAP but resulted in a nonsignificant stimulation of total plasma corticosteroids and a marked increase in corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity which increased from a control value of 18.8 +/- (SD) 1.2 micrograms/100 ml to 28.1 +/- 2.3 micrograms/100 ml (p less than 0.001) following the administration of estrogen for the first 21 days (approx. 10 micrograms/day) and then further to 31.4 +/- 2.8 (p less than 0.001 vs. control values) after a higher estrogen dose of approximately 30 micrograms/day for the next 30 days, respectively. Plasma aldosterone concentration was not affected by estrogen treatment. In contrast to CBG, binding of aldosterone to plasma aldosterone-binding globulin was totally absent before and following the estrogen treatment. The striking difference between the rabbit showing an absence of plasma protein binding of aldosterone and several other animal species is perhaps of great importance for the blood pressure regulation and for understanding of the particular resistance of blood pressure to salt or mineralocorticoids reported in this species. PMID- 3446434 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins in a diabetic patient with sickle cell anemia. AB - Results of analysis of blood samples from a diabetic sickle cell anemia (SS) patient and 4 nondiabetic SS patients for glycosylated hemoglobins by Bio-Rex 70 chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and affinity chromatography are presented. Glycosylated components of Hb S and Hb A2 and total glycosylated hemoglobins were quantitated in this manner. The levels of the various glycosylated hemoglobins were increased twofold in the diabetic patient compared to nondiabetic SS patients. The glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the diabetic SS patient and in the nondiabetic SS patients, however, were significantly lower than the levels normally seen in nonsickle diabetics and normal adults, respectively. In contrast to a previously reported diabetic SS patient, the present case appears to be not severely affected by sickle cell disease. PMID- 3446435 TI - Immunochemical studies on the synthesis and secretion of link protein and aggregating proteoglycan by chondrocytes. AB - Chondrocytes from pig laryngeal cartilage were maintained in culture, and the biosynthesis and secretion of link protein and proteoglycan were studied using immunochemical, biochemical and immunolocalisation techniques. In the presence of monensin there was a dose-dependent inhibition of link protein secretion which was very similar to that of aggregating proteoglycan, and suggested that they followed the same intracellular pathway during biosynthesis. In the presence of cycloheximide there was a similar dose-dependent inhibition of the secretion of both link protein and proteoglycan. Kinetics of secretion following inhibition of synthesis by cycloheximide showed that both proteins had similar intracellular pool sizes. Analysis of protein core and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis showed that the time for synthesis and glycosylation of proteoglycan was 22 minutes, and this was quickly followed (within 6 minutes) by secretion. Intracellular electron microscopic immunolocalisation using protein A-gold showed link protein to be present in the Golgi cisternae and vesicles, and double-labelling experiments showed link protein only to be detected in vesicles that also labelled for proteoglycan protein core. When chondrocytes were maintained in monolayer culture for 10 days the rate of biosynthesis and secretion of proteoglycan increased although that of link protein remained constant. The control of their biosynthesis was thus shown to be independent. Within 4 hours of secretion a high proportion of link protein was incorporated into proteoglycan aggregates. PMID- 3446436 TI - The normal variation in structure and composition of canine hip articular cartilage proteoglycans. AB - The composition of the weight bearing portion of the femoral head articular cartilage from both sides of greyhounds 11-32 months of age was studied with regard to variability of proteoglycans. Extractability of proteoglycans was very similar for all samples. Other parameters, i.e. contents of proteoglycans in the cartilage, hyaluronic acid content of the proteoglycan fraction, as well as contents of keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, size of proteoglycans and ability of proteoglycans to aggregate with hyaluronic acid, were similar in samples from the right and left side of each dog. The variability from one dog to another was large and not related to age. The data show that in experimental studies of joint disease the contralateral joint can be used as a control to a treated joint, while the large interindividual variability makes comparison difficult between individuals. PMID- 3446437 TI - Breast cancer risk in relation to type of estrogen contained in oral contraceptives. AB - We report analyses designed to address the recent hypothesis that women who use combination-type OCs containing ethinylestradiol (EE) are at increased risk of breast cancer before age 45, if use of such OCs occurs prior to first term pregnancy (FTP). Our findings, based on data from 1679 cases and 1689 controls, 20-44 years of age, from the population-based Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, are against the hypothesis. The relative risk of breast cancer by duration of exclusive use prior to FTP of OCs containing EE is estimated to be 1.0 (1-12 months EE use), 1.2 (13-48 months EE use), and 0.9 (49+ months EE use). There was no evidence of a latent effect. Among parous women with 49+ months exclusive use prior to FTP of EE-containing OCs, the relative risk of breast cancer was estimated as 0.9 (0-4 years after FTP) and 0.6 (5-9 years after FTP). Among nulliparous women with 49+ months exclusive use of EE-containing OCs, the relative risk of breast cancer was estimated as 1.0 (0-4 years since first use), 0.7 (5-9 years since first use), and 1.1 (10-14 years since first use). With regard to exclusive use of OCs containing mestranol, parous women who used such preparations long-term before their FTP showed no alteration of breast cancer risk, even 15 years or more after pregnancy. Nulliparous women with exclusive use of ME-containing OCs did show elevations in breast cancer risk, but the magnitude of risk in relation to duration of use and latent interval shows no pattern that suggests a cause-effect relationship. PMID- 3446438 TI - A comparative study of Norinyl 1/35 versus Brevicon in Panama City, Panama. AB - A comparative study of Norinyl 1/35 and Brevicon was conducted at the APLAFA clinic in Panama City, Panama. The study sought to evaluate the differences in continuation rates and the frequency of selected side effects which might contribute to method discontinuation. The 300 subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two oral contraceptives. Women in the Brevicon group reported significantly more (p less than 0.05) intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, headaches, dizziness and vaginal discharge than women in the Norinyl 1/35 group. The total discontinuation rate at 12 months was 28.0 for the Norinyl 1/35 group and 46.7 for the Brevicon group, and this difference was significant (p less than .01). Also, significantly more women (p less than .01) in the Brevicon group discontinued for menstrual problems than women in the Norinyl 1/35 group. No pregnancies were reported during this study. While both oral contraceptives appear safe and effective, Norinyl 1/35 was more acceptable to this group of Panamanian women. PMID- 3446439 TI - The classical and alternate pathways of complement in oral contraceptive users. AB - Whole complement (CH50), C3, C4, the alternate pathway activity of complement (APH50) and factor B were measured in 159 women currently taking oral contraceptives and in 186 women who were not taking the pill. The mean levels of all components of the complement, except APH50, were found to be elevated in current users compared to non-users. The elevation in serum levels was seen in the first year after initiation of oral contraceptive use. Thereafter, levels changed little with duration of use. Among women who stopped using oral contraceptives, complement levels were similar to those of women who had never used the pill. Results appeared to be similar irrespective of the type of progestagen included in the oral contraceptive. These data provide support for the view that oral contraceptives have no adverse effect on the classical and the alternate pathways of complement. PMID- 3446440 TI - Analysis of anti-implantational action of norethisterone-3-oxime. AB - Mature rabbits received norethisterone-3-oxime (NETO) 2 mg/kg/day from day 2 through day 4 of pregnancy by gavage. Control rabbits were given vehicle. All animals were sacrificed on day 5. The oviducts were removed and sections stained with HE. Morphological changes were evaluated. The outer and inner diameters of tubes, and the thickness of circular muscle layers were measured. The layers of the circular muscle cells and the mean thickness occupied by the cytoplasmic mass of the muscle cells were estimated. The fertilized ova flushed out from the oviduct were stained together with the section of ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) and isthmus by PAS. The intensity of the staining was observed microscopically and quantified with a microspectrophotometer. NETO treatment led to tortuosity of oviducts showing hyperplasia of epithelial cells and a mucosal edema. The circular muscle layer was thickened but no increase in the number of muscle cells was observed, indicating muscular contraction. Dilatated and congested capillaries appeared in the muscular and subserous layers. All these manifestations were so prominent that the lumen of AIJ and isthmus portion were significantly narrowed as shown by a decreased percentage of inner diameter to outer diameter at AIJ and isthmus. The amount of mucin secreted into the lumen was decreased, but there was an accumulation of mucin in the epithelial cells. The above-mentioned morphological changes lead to the suggestion that the anti implantational action of NETO is exhibited by its effect on the oviduct in rabbits. Most probably, the action is mainly related to the estrogenic and anti progestational activity of NETO. PMID- 3446441 TI - The effect of copper IUD on microcirculation of blood flow in rabbit uterus. AB - A survey of the rabbit's normal microcirculation of blood flow volume in the endometrium and myometrium with or without a copper intrauterine device (IUD) was made. It was found through statistical analyses that the IUD stimulated the endometrium so that microcirculation of blood flow volume in the endometrium increased significantly, but it did not change the microcirculation of blood flow volume in the myometrium and in the opposite uterus. PMID- 3446442 TI - Evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of local and systemic production of milk immunoglobulins to surface exopolysaccharide antigen in cows with staphylococcal mastitis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to evaluate milk immunoglobulin levels to surface exopolysaccharide antigen of Staphylococcus aureus in cows with staphylococcal mastitis. Quarter milk samples were obtained from 24 lactating dairy cows on two occasions, one month apart. Cows were classified as S. aureus-positive (S. aureus cultured from at least one quarter on both sample dates) or S. aureus-negative. Individual quarter samples were tested for IgA (representing local synthesis) and IgG1 (primarily of systemic origin) specific for staphylococcal surface exopolysaccharide antigen. No significant differences were found for specific IgA or IgG1 between S. aureus-positive and S. aureus-negative cows, nor between infected and non-infected quarters of S. aureus positive cows. The data indicate that, in cows with staphylococcal mastitis, milk immunoglobulins specific for exopolysaccharide antigen are not significantly increased by either the systemic or the local immune response. PMID- 3446443 TI - Abomasal fistulas in dairy cows. AB - Abomasal fistulas were corrected surgically in 9 adult Holstein cows. Six cows had a history of right paramedian abomasopexy (RPA), and 2 cows had had a percutaneous abomasopexy using the blind-stitch technique (BSA). Fistulas developed from 2 weeks to 12 months after the RPA or BSA. In 1 cow, history was not available beyond 2 years, and no surgery had been performed in that time. All fistulas were in the right paramedian area and were draining blood and/or ingesta from necrotic abomasal tissue (8 cows) or ruminal tissue (1 cow). Surgery was performed immediately in cows with consistent hemorrhage from the fistulated tissue (4 cows). Surgery was delayed to reduce rumen contents if bleeding was absent or considered negligible (4 cows) or to stabilize the patient (1 cow). General anesthesia was used in 7 cows, local anesthesia in 2 cows. Outcome following the fistula resection was successful in the 7 cows discharged from the clinic. The occurrence of abomasal fistulation is probably related to nonabsorbable sutures penetrating the abomasal lumen during the abomasopexy procedure resulting in infection of the incision or body wall. PMID- 3446444 TI - Generation and characterization of respirable metallic oxide aerosols for pulmonary clearance studies in calves. AB - An aerosol generating system capable of producing inert, insoluble, non-toxic, respirable, submicronic particles suitable for deposition, retention and clearance studies in the lungs of calves was designed and tested. The machine generated high volume outputs of respirable aerosols by nebulization of an aqueous solution of metallic ions, drying the droplet aerosol, thermal degradation in the presence of oxygen to form insoluble oxides, and subsequent cooling of the aerosol. Aqueous solutions of ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric oxalate, zinc acetate, lead acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride and cobalt acetate were examined, and the resultant aerosols characterized by particle size distribution, shape, aerosol mass concentration, and production of toxic by-products. Iron oxide and cobalt oxide aerosols were judged suitable for inhalation studies in calves, and cobalt oxide was selected for pulmonary clearance studies due to the low background content of cobalt in lung tissue. The cobalt oxide aerosol selected had a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 0.54 to 0.65 micron with a dimensionless geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.41 to 1.71, a mass aerosol concentration of 124 to 335 mg/m3, and a NO2 contamination of 5 to 33 ppm. The cobalt oxide particles were measurably polydisperse, but virtually all particles were smaller than 2.0 microns making the aerosol totally respirable. PMID- 3446445 TI - Successful management of malignant edema caused by Clostridium septicum in a horse. AB - The clinical course and successful therapeutic management of a horse with malignant edema caused by Clostridium septicum is described. This is believed to be the first report of a horse surviving malignant edema caused by C. septicum. A discussion of this disease syndrome, including etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, therapy, and diagnostic methods is presented. PMID- 3446446 TI - Calcinosis circumscripta in a domestic short-haired cat. AB - A poorly circumscribed, subcutaneous mass present on the dorsum of a young mature, male domestic short-haired cat was diagnosed as calcinosis circumscripta. Histologically, the mass was composed of multiple, fragmented loculi with a crystalline, light red center surrounded by dense, amorphous, mineralized material. Loculi were separated by variably-dense bands of a connective tissue stroma. The cat was otherwise healthy, and the mass was excised without recurrence. PMID- 3446447 TI - Treatment of feline giardiasis with metronidazole. AB - Seven cats from a single household with 17 cats were shedding cysts of Giardia species as detected by a modified zinc sulfate concentration technique. All the cats were housed individually in Horsfal isolation units for the duration of the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up monitoring. Each of the infected cats was treated with metronidazole at a dose of 22 mg per kg of body weight, twice a day, for 5 days. Post-treatment examination of four or five stool samples from each cat during the following 17 days did not reveal the presence of any giardial cysts in the treated cats. After treatment, the diarrhea either ceased or was markedly diminished. Therefore, metronidazole appears to be an effective form of therapy for feline giardiasis. PMID- 3446448 TI - Circadian rhythm of melatonin in the brain of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer. AB - Melatonin was radioimmunoassayed in extracts from brains of Musca autumnalis De Geer, the face fly, obtained 4h apart during 24h in 3 series pools of over 2 dozen brains at each of 6 or 7 circadian times. A circadian rhythm in the data expressed as percent of mean was demonstrated by the population-mean cosinor method. Face flies thus offer themselves for studies of melatonin-mediated chronomodulation by feedsideward mechanisms. PMID- 3446449 TI - Usual meal times in relation to age, sex, work activity and morningness eveningness. AB - Meal-timing is considered an important socio-environmental synchronizer of circadian rhythms and influences human metabolism; the temporal distribution of food intake has also an influence on human performance. In these last years, in industrialized countries, remarkable changes, both in quality and quantity and in timing, have been determined in eating behavior brought about by changes in social and working organization. In this study the authors have verified the usual mealtimes during working and free-days in a population of 670 city dwellers, 404 men and 266 women, aged between 17 and 60, including students, housewives, clerks, artisans, tradesmen and industrial workers. The results can be summarized as follows: a. the times of the two main meals show a high stability, both in working and in free-days, at about 1230 for lunch and 1915 for dinner, with a higher variability for the dinner-time; b. there are no relevant differences between men and women; c. there is a progressive advance of the breakfast-time (together with sleeping and waking times) with oncoming age; d. industrial workers advance the breakfast-time, on work days, compared to housewives, clerks, artisans and tradesmen, while the latter delay dinner-time as compared to the others; e. shiftwork breaks up the usual timetables interfering with at least one of the main meals, according to the different shifts (morning, afternoon, night); f. morning types anticipate meal and sleeping times in comparison to evening types, both while working and, above all, on free-days. PMID- 3446450 TI - Effect of lithium on circadian activity of AChE (EC 3.1.1.7) in the reticular formation of mouse brain stem under LD 12:12. AB - The investigation was carried out on male mice 6-8 weeks old. Control animals were fed standard chow without lithium, while the experimental ones received on additional 10 mmol LiCl/kg of chow. After 30 days feeding, 7 mice at a time were killed every 4h. The activity of free AChE was assessed in the brain stem reticular formation according to the method of Ellman. The results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and Fisher test. Parameters of periodic function were then applied to the means obtained by the method of least squares. In both the control and experimental groups diel changes in the AChE activity were observed. Acrophase activity occurred in the control group at 1956. In the experimental group lithium caused a shift in acrophase to 0551. It may therefore be supposed that lithium not only affects the duration of the rhythm period but also shifts its phase by 1800. This could be relevant to the therapeutic use of lithium in manic-depressive patients who may present advancing phase of circadian rhythms. PMID- 3446451 TI - Chronobiology projects and laboratory exercises. PMID- 3446452 TI - [Surgical management of congenital arteriovenous fistula. Report of 68 cases]. PMID- 3446453 TI - [Surgical treatment of carotid body tumors: report of 30 cases]. PMID- 3446454 TI - [Splenopneumopexy and omentopneumopexy in the treatment of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 3446455 TI - [Surgical treatment of 13 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome]. PMID- 3446456 TI - [Diagnostic value of serum pancreatic lipase for acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3446457 TI - [Emergency treatment of acute immobilization of the tilting disc prosthesis at operation: a report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3446458 TI - [Thermal injury produced by lying in fixed position on a hot brick-bed]. PMID- 3446459 TI - [Treatment of female urethral cancer]. PMID- 3446460 TI - [Surgical treatment of a curvature deformity of the phallus: report of 9 cases]. PMID- 3446461 TI - [Non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3446462 TI - [Treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula using the Fogarty balloon catheter]. PMID- 3446463 TI - [Picosecond processes of carboxy-leghemoglobin dissociation]. PMID- 3446464 TI - [Regulation of protein synthesis on a cell-free system during heat shock]. PMID- 3446465 TI - [N-hydroxytetramethylpiperidines as bioantioxidants]. PMID- 3446466 TI - [Activation of 2,5-oligo(A)synthetase during heat exposure of cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts]. PMID- 3446467 TI - [Effect of human interferon and (2'-5')oligoadenylates on protein synthesis in plant tissues]. PMID- 3446468 TI - [Characteristics of the distribution of mitotic activity indices in human malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 3446469 TI - [A new approach to the study of the structure of glycoprotein carbohydrate chains. The use of HPLC for identification of oligosaccharides]. PMID- 3446470 TI - [Primary cilium in the endothelial cells of the human aorta]. PMID- 3446471 TI - [A theory of active gels (actomyosin gel)]. PMID- 3446472 TI - [Chimeras from regulatory peptides as a device for studying their action]. PMID- 3446473 TI - [The tick Ixodes persulcatus Schulze--a new vector of Borrelia burgdorferi]. PMID- 3446474 TI - Primordial germ cells of the young chick blastoderm originate from the central zone of the area pellucida irrespective of the embryo-forming process. AB - Early chick blastoderms (stages X-XII) were divided by a circular cut into two fragments. In one experimental group, the area opaca was separated from the marginal zone and the central disc of the area pellucida, while in another group the area opaca plus marginal zone were separated from the central disc. Other blastoderms of equivalent stages were each cut into three strips of equal size (either perpendicular or parallel to the axis of symmetry). The fragments were isolated and incubated for 43-48 h after which they were PAS-stained, whole mounted and checked for the presence of primordial germ cells (PGCs). The results showed that most of the PGCs originated from the central disc and not from the periphery of the area pellucida and that they segregated from this zone even if no embryonic axis developed in the explant. In such cases, the PGCs were found to be dispersed throughout the entire explant, usually in association with forming blood islands. When an axis did develop in the explant, the PGCs were found to be concentrated around its anterior end, in a pattern resembling the germinal crescent. No indication of a quantitative regulation of PGCs was found in the explants and the sum of PGCs, calculated for the complementary fragments of a blastoderm, matched the range of numbers in control blastoderms. Our results suggest that PGCs may already be determined as early as stage X and that their further differentiation is independent of the embryo-forming process. PMID- 3446475 TI - The neural tube origin of ventral root sheath cells in the chick embryo. AB - The embryonic origin of peripheral nerve Schwann/sheath cells is still uncertain. Although the neural crest is known to be an important source, it is not clear whether the ventral neural tube also contributes a progenitor population for motor axons. We have used the techniques of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and quail-chick grafting to examine this problem. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody HNK-1 identified a cluster of immunoreactive cells in the sclerotome, at the site of the future ventral root. With the electron microscope, nucleated cells could not be seen breaching the basal lamina of the neural tube, exclusively in the region of the ventral root and preceding axon outgrowth. After grafting a length of crest-ablated quail neural tube in place of host chick neural tube, a population of quail cells was found localized to the ventral root exit zone, associated with the ventral root axons. Taken together, these observations support the possibility of a neural tube origin for ventral root sheath cells, although we found no evidence for a more extensive migration of these cells. The ventral root cells share certain phenotypic traits, such as HNK-1 immunoreactivity, with neural-crest-derived Schwann cells, but are not necessarily identical to them. We argue that while they may help motor axons to exit the neural tube at the correct position, they are unlikely to guide axons beyond the immediate vicinity of the neural tube. PMID- 3446476 TI - A monoclonal antibody stains myogenic cells in regenerating newt muscle. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to study minced muscle regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. The contralateral limb was amputated and the immunostaining patterns in the regenerating blastema were compared with the minced tissue in sectioned material. Staining with a myofibre-specific antibody, called 12/101 (Kintner & Brockes, 1984), showed that myofibre degeneration was complete by 8-10 days after mincing, with myogenesis commencing 2 days later. Another monoclonal antibody, called 22/18, previously shown to label a subset of cells in the regeneration blastema of the newt (Kintner & Brockes, 1984, 1985), was found also to recognize a population of cells in regenerating minced muscle. At 6 days after mincing, the number of 22/18-positive (22/18+) cells was low but by days 12-16, during the period of myogenesis, their number had increased to become a major population within the minced tissue. A small number of the 22/18+ cells could be double labelled with 12/101 at this time. Prior to this, there was a phase in which 12/101 staining had disappeared from the mince. Cells immunoreactive with both antibodies after this phase confirm that at least some of the 22/18+ cells are myogenic. The number of 22/18+ cells decreased as muscle repair and maturation progressed. These results show that 22/18 is not specifically associated with blastemal cells but is a more general marker for regenerating systems in the newt. They further suggest an alternative interpretation of the double-labelled cells used by Kintner & Brockes (1984) as evidence for myofibre dedifferentiation in limb regeneration. Instead, we propose that such cells represent new myogenesis occurring by tissue repair of locally damaged muscle fibres. PMID- 3446477 TI - Evidence against electrophoresis as the principal mode of protein transport in vitellogenic ovarian follicles of Drosophila. AB - Charged cell constituents in polytrophic insect follicles are thought to be transported in the nurse cell-oocyte syncytium by way of electrophoresis. This concept, proposed by Woodruff & Telfer (1980) was based on electrophysiological data and microinjection of heterologous proteins using Hyalophora follicles. By microinjecting fluorescently labelled acidic and basic proteins into the nurse cells or oocyte of vitellogenic Drosophila follicles, we failed to obtain evidence for charge-dependent migration of these molecules. We have also analyzed the proteins of nurse cells and oocyte on isoelectric focusing gels, by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and by ion exchange chromatography to see if basic or acidic proteins accumulate in vivo in nurse cells and oocyte, respectively. For the bulk of the follicular proteins we found no accumulation. Further evidence against an electrophoretic transport system in Drosophila was obtained by estimating the intracellular pH from the colour of indicator dyes microinjected into the follicles; the results indicate that the pH in the nurse cell cytoplasm is lower than that in the ooplasm. According to the model developed for Hyalophora, electrophoretic transport would be favoured by high pH in the nurse cell cytoplasm. PMID- 3446478 TI - Characterization of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells and spicules during biomineralization in vitro. AB - An in vitro culture system for primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo has been used to study the cellular characteristics of skeletal spicule formation. As judged initially by light microscopy, these cells attached to plastic substrata, migrated and fused to form syncytia in which mineral deposits accumulated in the cell bodies and in specialized filopodial templates. Subsequent examination by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cell bodies and the filopodia and lamellipodia formed spatial associations similar to those seen in the embryo and indicated that the spicule was surrounded by a membrane-limited sheath derived by fusion of the filopodia. The spicules were dissolved from living or fixed cells by a chelator of divalent cations or by lowering the pH of the medium. However, granular deposits found in the cell bodies appeared relatively refractory to such treatments, indicating that they were inaccessible to agents that dissolved the spicules. Use of rapid freezing and an anhydrous fixative to preserve the syncytia for transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis, indicated that electron-dense deposits in the cell bodies contain elements (Ca, Mg and S) common to the spicule. Examination of the spicule cavity after dissolution of the spicule mineral revealed openings in the filopodia-derived sheath, coated pits within the limiting membrane and a residual matrix that stained with ruthenium red. Concanavalin A--gold applied exogenously entered the spicule cavity and bound to matrix glycoproteins. Based on these observations, we conclude that components of the spicule initially are sequestered intracellularly and that spicule elongation occurs in an extracellular cavity. Ca2+ and associated glycoconjugates may be routed in this cavity via a secretory pathway. PMID- 3446479 TI - The postimplantation development of spontaneous digynic triploid embryos in LT/Sv strain mice. AB - When spontaneously ovulating LT/Sv female mice are mated with fertile males, between one third and one half of the zygotes analyzed at the first cleavage mitosis are found to be triploid. This is due to the fact that LT/Sv females ovulate both primary and secondary oocytes, all of which are capable of being fertilized. Fertilization of the former group results in the production of digynic triploid conceptuses, while their diploid littermates result from the fertilization of normal secondary oocytes. The present study was therefore carried out in order to investigate the 'spontaneous' level of triploidy in these mice, and to provide insight into the developmental fate of the LT/Sv triploid embryos, as previous studies had indicated that in this species triploids invariably fail to develop beyond the early postimplantation period. This study revealed that when autopsies were carried out on the 7th and 8th days of gestation, it was generally difficult to distinguish between the karyologically normal diploids and the digynic triploid conceptuses when only morphological criteria were used. However, by the 10th day of gestation, the triploid conceptuses could usually be readily distinguished from their diploid littermates by their smaller size and (occasionally) by their disorganized or abnormal morphological appearance. PMID- 3446480 TI - An amphibian cytoskeletal-type actin gene is expressed exclusively in muscle tissue. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of two Xenopus actin genes encoding cytoskeletal protein isoforms has been determined. Transcripts from these genes are remarkably similar in nucleotide sequence throughout their length and code for type-5 and type-8 cytoskeletal actins. Both share some sequence homology with human gamma actin mRNA within the 3' untranslated region but none with the equivalent region of any vertebrate beta-actin transcript. The promoter regions of the two Xenopus genes are virtually identical from the cap site to the CCAAT box and show extensive homology further upstream. Despite such similarity, the two genes are divergently expressed during embryonic development. The type-5 actin gene is expressed in all regions of the developing embryo whilst the type-8 gene is coregulated with the muscle-specific skeletal actin gene. In common with mammalian and avian cytoskeletal actin counterparts, the Xenopus genes possess a conserved sequence within their promoter that has previously been identified as a transcription-factor-binding site. PMID- 3446481 TI - Modification of cell division by phorbol ester in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - 2-cell mouse embryos were treated in vitro with a 2 h pulse of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at 32nd, 38th and 50th h after hCG, then chased in culture for up to 46 h. Embryos were fixed at various time intervals of chasing, then stained and inspected. Some embryos were carefully inspected with a video recording system, every 1.44s and the cell divisions (cytokinesis) as well as formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones, were recorded. PMA pulse let to the suppression of cell divisions. The rate of the suppression was time dependent: with a delay of 0-1, 12 and 18 h between the PMA pulse and time of scheduled cell division about 99, 87 and 44% of 2-cell embryos remained at this stage of development, for at least 10 h, respectively, and 90, 58 and 12% of their blastomeres revealed binuclearity. Since we found that PMA-mediated formation of binuclearity was not the effect of cell fusions, it was assumed that the inhibition of cytokinesis preceded by karyokinesis was responsible for binuclearity. PMA effect on cell divisions was reversible. PMA-treated embryos revealed formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones. If cell division appeared after PMA pulse, in about 52% of 3- to 6-cell embryos, the large blastomere formation was recorded in the course of the subsequent 38 h. Large blastomere formation was concluded to be the result of either cell fusion or reversion of incompleted cytokinesis brought about by PMA. PMID- 3446482 TI - [Effects of angiotensin II administration into the hypothalamic median eminence on arterial pressure in rats]. PMID- 3446483 TI - [Dipsogenic and pressor responses after intraventricular administration of angiotensin II in rats treated neonatally with the hormone]. PMID- 3446484 TI - [Baroreflex effects on systolic arterial pressure and the intersystolic period in a comparative study of aminton and phenylephrine]. PMID- 3446485 TI - [Effect of lactoferrin on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils isolated from the blood of patients with collagenoses and Staphylococcus aureus allergy]. PMID- 3446486 TI - [Antihypoxic action of 2 groups of derivatives of barbituric acid]. PMID- 3446487 TI - [Effect of an aminotetralin derivative with pressor action on the monoamine oxidase activity of the brain and liver of rats]. PMID- 3446488 TI - [Electron microscopic research on type-II pneumocytes in the embryonic lung of rats]. PMID- 3446489 TI - [Elimoclavin stereotypy]. PMID- 3446490 TI - [Device for controlling kidney perfusion pressure in acute experiments]. PMID- 3446491 TI - Antagonism of pancuronium and tubocurarine blocks by edrophonium or neostigmine: a comparative study. AB - Edrophonium 0.5 and neostigmine 0.05 mg kg-1 were compared as antagonists of pancuronium and tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular blocks, at varying degrees of recovery, in groups of 20 patients each. Adequate antagonism was defined as attaining a sustained train-of-four (TOF) ratio of 0.7 or more. Administration of edrophonium was associated with a more rapid onset of action (17 s with both relaxants with edrophonium, and 31 s and 29 s with neostigmine with pancuronium and tubocurarine, respectively), and a shorter time to attain a TOF ratio of 0.7 (74 s and 48 s with edrophonium and 230 s and 293 s with neostigmine for pancuronium and tubocurarine blocks, respectively). However, whereas neostigmine administration provided adequate antagonism in all 20 patients given pancuronium and in 19 out of 20 patients given tubocurarine, edrophonium failed to achieve adequate antagonism in six patients after pancuronium and eight patients after tubocurarine. The majority of these patients had shown three or less responses to a TOF stimulation prior to antagonism. Two separate groups of 10 patients each with relatively deeper pancuronium or tubocurarine blocks (three or less responses to TOF stimulation) were given edrophonium in a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1. However, adequate antagonism even with this dose of edrophonium was attained in only two out of 10 patients given pancuronium and in five out of 10 patients given tubocurarine. It is concluded that edrophonium is unreliable for antagonism of relatively deep blocks by pancuronium or tubocurarine and that neostigmine is the preferred and more reliable antagonist. PMID- 3446492 TI - Nalbuphine for post-operative pain. PMID- 3446493 TI - Hemostasis after open-heart surgery with extreme or moderate hemodilution. AB - Patients who received aortic disc valves during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with extreme hemodilution, obtained with preoperative blood withdrawal, infusion of acetate solution and use of blood-free priming fluid, bled less than patients operated with moderate dilution. One hour after CPB with extreme dilution when the autologous blood had been reinfused, platelet adhesiveness was twice as high as in the moderate dilution group. Other parameters of platelet function, coagulation and fibrinolysis did not differ between the groups. The higher number of reactive platelets may therefore have contributed to the improved hemostasis after extreme dilution. Later, thrombocytosis with hyperreactive platelets and hyperfibrinogenemia developed in all patients. This might predispose for thrombosis. PMID- 3446494 TI - Functional effects of phosphoenolpyruvate and ATP on pig hearts in cardioplegia and during reperfusion. An in vivo study with cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effects of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ATP in cardioplegia and during early reperfusion were studied in pigs. Twenty pigs divided into three groups were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to 2 h of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Group I (n = 7) served as a control. In group II (n = 7) PEP (14.4 mM) and ATP (0.067 mM) were added to the cardioplegic solution. Group III (n = 6) was given PEP (28.8 mM) and ATP (0.134 mM) with 500 ml of isotonic NaCl in the aortic root during early reperfusion. All animals in group III were weaned from bypass compared with 6 of 7 in group I and 5 of 7 in group II. Forty minutes after ischemia group III was assessed to be the only group with an unchanged aortic flow and stroke volume. The total peripheral resistance and arterial pressure were reduced in this group. The results demonstrate that PEP and ATP administered during reperfusion have a beneficial effect and that this may be exerted both on the myocardium and on the peripheral vessels. PMID- 3446495 TI - Beneficial effect of thyroidectomy in canine hemorrhagic shock. AB - To further evaluate the relationship between plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and mortality in shock, 10 thyroidectomized and 9 normal dogs were bled rapidly to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg. After 60 min of hypotension, the reservoir line was clamped for 30 min. The shed blood was then reinfused. Thyroidectomy produced a hypodynamic, hypometabolic state. During shock, these animals exhibited fewer major hemodynamic derangements than the control group. Only one thyroidectomized dog died, whereas 5 of 9 control animals died (p less than 0.05). Thus, circulating thyroid hormones are not determinants of survival in canine hemorrhagic shock. We hypothesize that thyroidectomy, perhaps by modulating catecholamine metabolism or stimulating liberation of thyrotropin releasing hormone, promotes salutary hemodynamic-metabolic effects during circulatory collapse and enhances survival. PMID- 3446496 TI - Experimental model of extended repeated partial hepatectomy in the dog. AB - The model of extended repeated partial hepatectomy without vascular shunt in dogs is presented. It consisted of 65% initial hepatectomy and after liver regeneration (6-10 weeks) repeated hepatectomy. Finally, only the papillary process of the caudate lobe (PPC), which constitutes 5% of the initial hepatic mass, was left intact. The most important finding was an ability of PPC to reconstitute the liver mass which enabled survival without the vascular shunt. After repeated hepatectomy the need for artificial hepatic assistance (parenteral nutritional support with frozen plasma) was imperative to offset the effects of acute hepatic failure and to support PPC regeneration. PMID- 3446497 TI - Decreased reticuloendothelial phagocytic capacity in cirrhotic and portacaval shunt rats. AB - In cirrhosis, the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is decreased. In order to investigate the mechanisms of the hepatic reduced phagocytic activity present in cirrhosis, the hepatic and splenic uptake of 51Cr sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and of colloidal carbon was measured in three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats. Group 1 consisted of 42 control rats, group 2 of 36 rats with end-to-side portacaval shunt and group 3 of 24 rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. The hepatic uptake of 51Cr SRBC and of colloidal carbon was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced in cirrhotic rats (group 3). Conversely, in rats with a portacaval shunt and a noncirrhotic liver (group 2), the hepatic uptake of 51Cr SRBC was moderately reduced, whereas the colloidal carbon hepatic uptake was not found to be decreased. These results suggest that the decreased RES phagocytic activity observed in cirrhotic rats is only partially due to portacaval shunt and that an intrinsic defective activity of hepatic phagocytic cells is probably present. PMID- 3446498 TI - Effects of different graft preparation techniques on the acute thrombogenicity of autologous vein grafts. An experimental study in sheep. AB - The effects of different techniques of preparing autologous vein grafts on acute thrombogenicity have been studied in a sheep model. Storing grafts at room temperature or rinsing with different solutions seemed to be of minor importance, whereas distending them to a pressure of 400 mm Hg significantly reduced patency and increased platelet accumulation and thrombus formation. PMID- 3446499 TI - [Role of the midwife in organizing obstetrical and gynecological care for industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 3446500 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 3446501 TI - [Use of therapeutic mud outside of health resorts]. PMID- 3446502 TI - [The achievements and unresolved problems of public health]. PMID- 3446503 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 3446504 TI - [Injuries to the face and jaws]. PMID- 3446505 TI - [Role of drug abuse field teams in controlling drunkenness]. PMID- 3446506 TI - [Mitral valve stenosis and pregnancy]. PMID- 3446507 TI - [Internal and retrocervical endometriosis]. PMID- 3446508 TI - [Chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 3446509 TI - [Rectal prolapse in children]. PMID- 3446510 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3446511 TI - [Closed abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3446512 TI - [Vascular agents]. PMID- 3446513 TI - [Organization of the work of a kolkhoz medical prevention service]. PMID- 3446514 TI - [Negative action of drugs on persons whose job demands a rapid reaction and concentrated attention]. PMID- 3446515 TI - [Prevention of occupational pathology in glass factory workers]. PMID- 3446516 TI - [Antitobacco propaganda among the adult population]. PMID- 3446517 TI - [Left-sided pneumonia in a stenocardia patient]. PMID- 3446518 TI - [Prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 3446519 TI - [Tuberculin diagnosis]. PMID- 3446520 TI - [Conformational transitions in human blood serum proteins in various emotional states]. PMID- 3446521 TI - [Characteristics of the formation of conditioned-reflex feeding behavior in rabbits after the destruction of the basolateral portion of the amygdaloid body]. PMID- 3446522 TI - [Prevention of stress-induced dyslipidemia by adaptation to short-term exposure to stress]. PMID- 3446523 TI - [Characteristics of disorders of myocardial bioenergy processes in neurogenic lesions of the heart and their correction]. PMID- 3446524 TI - [Efferent activity of cardiac sympathetic nerves in focal lesions of the heart]. PMID- 3446525 TI - [Role of intracellular calcium ions in the development of smooth muscle contraction of the coronary arteries as affected by acetylcholine]. PMID- 3446526 TI - [The possibility of early detection of disorders of the respiratory system in persons working with pesticides]. PMID- 3446527 TI - [Evaluation of the thermal status of the human body under water with various degrees of protection against the cold]. PMID- 3446528 TI - [Bioelectrical activity and excitability of the ventricular myocardium of the frog under the control of heart rhythm by volley stimulation of the vagosympathetic trunk]. PMID- 3446529 TI - [Changes in the frequency of heart contraction during the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulatory effects on heart activity]. PMID- 3446530 TI - [Differences in the motor-evacuatory function of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and dogs]. PMID- 3446531 TI - [Effect of vasopressin analogs on the course of emotional stress]. PMID- 3446532 TI - [Optimization of the conditions for research on kidney function in chronic experiments]. PMID- 3446533 TI - [Effectiveness of allogeneic and xenogeneic antitoxins in preventing tetanus in an experiment]. PMID- 3446534 TI - Current status of cataract surgery--a review of personal experience. AB - One hundred and five eyes treated consecutively over a 5 year period for senile cataract by extracapsular extraction and posterior chamber lens (PC) implantation were compared with 112 consecutive eyes taken from a prospective study which had extracapsular surgery and iridocapsular lens implantation and had been followed from 4 to 7 years. At 1 year the visual acuity of eyes of the two groups were similar but a trend suggests better results in the PC groups. The PC group also had fewer serious complications and less endothelial cell loss. PMID- 3446535 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in narrow angle glaucoma. AB - A prospective trial of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in narrow angle glaucoma (NAG) was undertaken. In eyes with NAG the mechanism of the glaucoma could be a combination of pupil block with subsequent irido-trabecular adhesion and trabecular damage with an increase in outflow resistance. To achieve relief of pupil block, eyes were randomly assigned to treatment with short pulsed laser iridotomy (LI) with the YAG or Dye lasers, or surgical peripheral iridectomy (PI). Alternatively, argon laser iridoplasty (IP) was performed to widen the anterior chamber angle sufficiently to permit ALT. Fifty-two eyes were treated and follow-up was from 12 to 22 months. A high rate of failure to control IOP with topical medication and progression of visual field loss occurred in all treatment groups. Iridoplasty followed by ALT was particularly unsuccessful as, in 50 per cent of cases, progressive synechial closure of the anterior chamber angle occurred following treatment. In eyes treated with PI/LI and ALT, the IOP control was improved in 12 per cent, unchanged in 30 per cent and remained uncontrolled in 58 per cent. By 15 months follow-up, a satisfactory outcome (IOP less than 21 mmHg on topical medication, visual field and acuity stable) was obtained in 24 per cent of the 33 eyes treated with PI/LI and ALT. Thirty-one of these eyes showed visual field loss. Of the 10 eyes that did not receive ALT following PI or LI, 90 per cent had a satisfactory outcome. Eight of these eyes showed little or no visual field loss. The authors conclude that iridoplasty followed by ALT is an unsuitable treatment for eyes with NAG. We further conclude that ALT is unlikely to be of benefit in eyes with NAG and visual field loss, even after pupil block has been relieved. Relief of pupil block alone may help eyes with early NAG without visual field loss. PMID- 3446536 TI - The prediction of intraocular pressure rise following argon laser trabeculoplasty. AB - Forty-five patients with poorly controlled chronic open angle glaucoma underwent pneumotonography immediately prior to argon laser trabeculoplasty. The coefficient of facility of outflow (c-value) was calculated from the pneumotonography and correlated with the intraocular pressure rise one hour after the argon laser trabeculoplasty. It appeared that there was a strong relationship between a low c-value indicating a poor outflow facility and a large intraocular pressure rise following argon laser trabeculoplasty. The implications of being able to predict the intraocular pressure rise after argon laser trabeculoplasty are discussed. PMID- 3446537 TI - Day case strabismus surgery without post-operative ocular medication. A masked randomised study. AB - A masked, randomised study was designed to test the hypothesis that day case strabismus surgery and the absence of post-operative topical medication is a plan of management that does not compare unfavourably with discharge from hospital on the day after surgery with topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for 14 days. The results indicate that patients who have day case surgery do not have more complications than overnight stay patients and that their inflammation and discomfort settle just as quickly without topical therapy. Medical, social and financial benefits of day case surgery are noted. PMID- 3446538 TI - Normal rabbit aqueous humour, fibronectin, and fibroblast conditioned medium are chemoattractant to Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. AB - Some of the chemotactic and chemokinetic properties of rabbit Tenon's fibroblasts were examined in a 48-well micro-chemotaxis chamber. Normal rabbit aqueous humour, fibronectin, and fibroblast conditioned medium were used in the assay, and all were shown to be chemoattractant. In addition, aqueous humour was shown to be powerfully chemotactic. Since the failure of human trabeculectomies is associated with migration of fibroblasts to the operation site, the study of the chemoattractant influences acting on these cells may allow manipulation of their behaviour in order to influence favourably the outcome of surgery. PMID- 3446539 TI - Loop recession of the recti muscles. AB - Scleral penetration with a suture needle is a well recognised risk of the surgical treatment of strabismus and may result in serious intra-ocular complications. The risk should be reduced by loop recession, a procedure derived from the adjustable suture technique. In practice in many cases this operation has also been found to have other advantages compared to a conventional recession. The surgical details of loop recession are described and the results obtained in 62 patients reviewed. PMID- 3446540 TI - Optic nerve sheath meningioma: diagnostic features and therapeutic alternatives. AB - Twenty-two cases of optic nerve sheath meningioma were reviewed. The clinical features included slowly progressive visual loss in every case. Orbital signs of limited ocular movements and mild proptosis were present in only a third of cases; gaze-evoked amaurosis occurred in 3 cases. The disc was abnormal in every case, usually swollen if vision was 6/12 or better, atrophic if the vision worse than 6/12. Optociliary shunt vessels occurred in 5 patients and were of diagnostic significance. The diagnosis was made by a high-resolution CT scan of the orbits showing tubular expansion of the optic nerve sheath. Calcification of the optic nerve was present in 12 cases. Tubular expansion of the optic nerve sheath may occur in raised intracranial pressure, optic nerve glioma, granuloma, lymphoma or metastatic disease. In the absence of calcification these alternative diagnoses must be considered. Surgery, undertaken for the intracranial component of the tumour, did not halt progressive visual loss. PMID- 3446541 TI - Botulinum toxin A induced protective ptosis. AB - Botulinum Toxin A injected into the levator palpebrae superioris produces a flaccid ptosis of the upper lid and provides a safe and effective protection for the cornea to aid healing in indolent ulceration or as prophylaxis when there is fifth or seventh cranial nerve damage. Fifteen patients have received this treatment. Levator paresis, producing ptosis for a mean of 2-3 weeks and recovering in a mean of 8.1 weeks was successfully produced in all patients and complete corneal healing was produced in 80% of patients. The major side effect was weakness of the superior rectus muscle which occurred in 80% of cases and lasted a mean of 6 weeks. PMID- 3446542 TI - Thyroid lid surgery. AB - A retrospective study of 58 thyroid patients undergoing eyelid surgery for thyroid related lid malposition is reported. A treatment strategy is suggested, based on the results of this experience. The following points are stressed: (1) The importance of recognising and relieving the inferior rectus tethering component of upper lid retraction when present. (2) The usefulness of a scleral graft in lower lid retractor recession. (3) The inadequacy of lateral tarsorrhaphy in relieving lid retraction but its value in camouflage. PMID- 3446543 TI - Fluorophotometric measurements of tear turnover rate in normal healthy persons: evidence for a circadian rhythm. AB - The determination of tear turnover rate in a total of 16 normal healthy volunteers is described. A continuous reading fluorophotometer is used to measure the fluorescence resulting from the instillation of 1 microliter of 2 per cent fluorescein into the eye. A mean (+/- s.d.) turnover rate of 14.9 +/- 5.6 per cent per minute is found, in agreement with previously reported values. Morning and afternoon measurements on the same subject show that morning tear turnover rates are significantly higher than those in the afternoon (p less than 0.01), suggesting a circadian rhythm in tear flow. It is also concluded that use of a 10 per cent fluorescein solution can lead to a significant underestimation of tear turnover rates and that any resulting errors are likely to be larger for light coloured irises. PMID- 3446544 TI - Retinal nerve fibre layer photography in glaucomatous patients. AB - Retinal nerve fibre layer photographs were obtained from sixty-three patients, (113 eyes), attending a glaucoma suspect clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital. These photographs were studied following masking of the optic disc. Interobserver error was good. Intraobserver error following a six-month 'learning period' showed changes in identification of nerve fibre layer defects occurring as a result of the learning process. Humphrey threshold fields on the 113 eyes were independently scored as abnormals, suspect or normal. A good correlation existed between defects visible on the retinal nerve fibre layer photograph and 'abnormal' visual fields. Retinal nerve fibre layer photography is possible in glaucoma patients with clear optical media whose pupils permit full mydriasis. It seems to supplement other methods of assessing the early glaucoma patient. It may be of value in sequential follow-up. It would seem to be of little value in the majority of elderly glaucoma patients who would have opacities in the optical media. PMID- 3446545 TI - Modulation of experimental retinal vasculitis using dexamethasone, cyclosporin A, and prazosin. AB - The effects of dexamethasone, cyclosporin A and prazosin were investigated in an animal model of retinal vasculitis. Both dexamethasone and cyclosporin A reduced the clinical and pathological signs of disease when given from the day of disease onset. Prazosin, an alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, was given during the period of disease induction and blocked fluorescein leakage from actively inflamed retinal vessels, but had little effect on the clinical and pathological signs of disease. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using this animal model for therapeutic trials of anti-inflammatory agents in retinal vasculitis. The effect of prazosin on reducing vascular leakage from retinal vessels has implications for the treatment of inflammatory macula oedema in human disease. PMID- 3446547 TI - [60th fall meeting of the Japan Endocrine Society. Tokyo, 1-2 November 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446546 TI - Difficult glaucomas. PMID- 3446548 TI - Glucagon as a regulator of hepatic glucose production in vivo. PMID- 3446549 TI - Methods for assessing insulin sensitivity in man. PMID- 3446550 TI - Glucose homoeostasis after injury in man. PMID- 3446551 TI - The extramolecular chemical approach to enzyme analogues. PMID- 3446552 TI - Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the rural region of Mali (West Africa): a practical approach. AB - A wide-range analytical study for screening diabetes mellitus in the rural region of the Republic of Mali was carried out on 7,472 subjects in whom fasting glycaemia was determined using reflectometry kits. Our results represent a breakthrough in the field of epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in West Africa. The prevalence rate of fasting hyperglycaemia equal to or over 7.00 mmol/l was 0.92%. The statistical analysis of data collected in this manner showed an increased prevalence in the Caucasian and Fulani ethnic groups, and a decreased prevalence in the Negroid ethnic groups. Age and body mass index are also risk factors in this population. PMID- 3446553 TI - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an assessment of methods of detection among a community of elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. AB - This study provides information on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a group of elderly Chinese subjects aged 60 and above living in the community in Hong Kong, and investigates the sensitivity of the urine sugar, random blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and fructosamine measurements compared to a glucose tolerance test in screening for diabetes mellitus in this population. Four hundred twenty-seven subjects aged 60 and above were studied. The National Diabetes Data Group Criteria were used for the diagnosis of diabetes. Those with a random blood glucose exceeding 12.5 mmol/l were considered diabetic, and all of these patients had glycosuria together with elevated total glycosylated haemoglobin and fructosamine concentrations. A diagnostic 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on patients with one or more of the following abnormalities: glycosuria, random plasma blood glucose 7.8 mmol/l to 12.5 mmol/l, glycosylated haemoglobin 8.5%, and fructosamine 2.20 mmol/l. By these criteria, the prevalence of diabetes in this community was found to be 9.8%. An elevated random glucose greater than 11.1 mmol/l proved to be the only specific method of screening and glycosuria was found to be at least as good as fructosamine and HbA1. However, HbA1 is more sensitive than random glucose, glycosuria or fructosamine in detecting impaired glucose tolerance. On the basis of this study, a higher reference range for glycosylated haemoglobin for the elderly alone is also suggested (5.74-9.34%). PMID- 3446554 TI - Pancreatic and intestinal processing of proglucagon in man. AB - We developed antisera and radioimmunoassays against synthetic replicas of glucagon-like peptide-1 (1-36) and -2, predicted products of the glucagon precursor, and against glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) identical to the sequence of glucagon-like peptide-1, but lacking its first six N-terminal amino acids. With these tools, we studied the localisation and molecular nature of glucagon like immunoreactivity in human pancreas, small intestine and plasma. By immunohistochemistry glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon-like peptide-2 immunoreactivity coexisted with glucagon in pancreatic islet cells and with enteroglucagon in small intestinal enteroglucagon-producing cells. By chromatography of tissue extracts we found that glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2-immunoreactivities in the human pancreas (307 +/- 51 and 107 +/- 37 pmol/g tissue) were mainly contained in a large peptide, whereas in the small intestine glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 immunoreactivities were found in separate smaller molecules (49 +/- 21 and 77 +/- 28/g tissue). By isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography of the large pancreatic glucagon-like peptide we found that this peptide is heterogeneous. By chromatographic analysis glucagon-like peptide-1 immunoreactivity in fasting plasma was mainly found in a large peptide corresponding to the pancreatic form, while after a meal a smaller molecular form coeluting by gel filtration with glucagon-like peptide-1 predominated. PMID- 3446555 TI - Diabetic macroangiopathy. Quantitative histopathological studies of the extramural coronary arteries from type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. AB - A morphometric study was performed on histological sections of the extramural coronary arteries from 10 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 10 non-diabetic subjects, matched for age and sex. Standardised samples were taken from the two coronary arteries and the fractional contents of Periodic Acid Schiff-positive material, acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissue was determined in the arterial tunica media from the two groups using a point counting technique. The thickness of tunica intima and tunica media was obtained by micrometric measurements. There was no difference in the thickness of tunica intima with and without atherosclerotic plaque between the vessels from diabetic and nondiabetic hearts. However, the thickness of tunica media was significantly reduced in arteries from the diabetic patients (2p less than 0.01). In tunica media of the diabetic patients there was a significant increase (50%) in the amount of Periodic Acid-Schiff-positive material (2p less than 0.01), whereas the content of acid mucopolysaccharides (alcian-blue positive) was significantly reduced (2p less than 0.02). These changes in tunica media were similar in areas below and outside the intimal atherosclerotic plaques. The content of connective tissue was found to be significantly increased in the arteries from the diabetic patients, but only in areas outside atherosclerotic plaques (2p less than 0.025). There was no correlation between the observed changes in tunica media and the known duration of diabetes. The results obtained in the present study may be ascribed to the presence of a non-atherosclerotic diabetic macroangiopathy. PMID- 3446556 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on the synthesis and degradation of insulin receptor mRNA in cultured IM-9 cells. AB - The effect of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) on insulin receptor mRNA was examined in the IM-9 cell line by dot hybridization analysis using insulin receptor c-DNA probe (phINSR 13-1). Insulin receptor mRNA was found in a dose- and time-dependent manner, to increase during a 24-h culture with glucocorticoid. Although there has been some dispute about the effect of glucocorticoid on degradation of the insulin receptor itself, we have found glucocorticoid had no significant effect on the degradation rate of insulin receptor mRNA. These results suggest that glucocorticoid has the effect of increasing de novo synthesis of insulin receptor mRNA. But the molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid's effect still needs to be investigated. PMID- 3446557 TI - Fusion of cell ghosts with intact cells in Dictyostelium discoideum: differential response of opposite mating-type cells. AB - The sexual cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum is initiated by the fusion of cells that are of opposite mating types (e.g. NC4- and HM1-type cells). Cells grown in light on agar plates are not capable of sexual cell fusion, but become capable when cultured in the dark in a liquid medium. Cells in the incapable state are called fusion-incompetent cells, and cells in the latter state, fusion-competent cells. To gain some understanding of the mechanism of cell fusion, cell ghosts prepared by freeze-thawing intact cells were incubated with intact cells. The cell ghosts killed the intact cells by directly fusing with them, the extent of fusion depending on the particular strains employed and the fusion-competency of the intact cells and of the cells from which the cell ghosts had been prepared. A detailed examination revealed that fusion-competent NC4 cells were always more easily killed by cell ghosts than fusion-incompetent NC4 cells. It also became apparent that cell ghosts prepared from fusion-competent NC4 cells killed all cell types far more efficiently than did those prepared from fusion-incompetent NC4 cells. However, fusion-competent and fusion-incompetent HM1 cells were equally sensitive to cell ghosts, and cell ghosts prepared from fusion-competent HM1 cells had the same ability to kill as those prepared from fusion-incompetent HM1 cells. From these findings, it thus appears that opposite mating-type cells have distinct membrane properties related to sexual cell fusion. PMID- 3446558 TI - Developmental pattern of calmodulin-binding proteins in rat jejunal epithelial cells. AB - Calmodulin-binding proteins have been studied in presumptive rat jejunal epithelial cells and in purified rat brush borders during development. Incubation of nitrocellulose replicas with [125I] calmodulin revealed that, at immature stages (13-15 days of fetal life), only two calmodulin-binding bands were detectable with molecular masses of approximately 145,000 and 135,000 daltons. By fetal day 19, additional calmodulin-binding proteins of 240,000 and 110,000 daltons were observed. The 145,000- and 240,000-dalton calmodulin-binding bands contained polypeptides that were immunologically similar to caldesmon and to the alpha-subunit of the non-erythroid spectrin (fodrin) respectively. Antisera reactive with the 110K subunit of the microvillus 110K-calmodulin complex labelled a 135,000-dalton band which comigrated with one of the calmodulin binding proteins. This 135,000-dalton immunoreactive polypeptide persisted until birth but was absent in brush borders isolated from adult intestine. In addition, the 110K antisera reacted with an approximately 110,000-dalton subunit by fetal day 19. At birth, numerous lower-molecular-mass 110K immunoreactive bands were also detectable. Immunocytochemical localization of the three calmodulin-binding proteins revealed that, at fetal day 14, caldesmon and fodrin displayed fluorescence lining the periphery of the epithelial cells, whereas staining with the 110K antisera was very weak. At fetal day 19, staining with the three antisera resulted in bright fluorescence localized in the apical part of the epithelial cells, in parallel to the differentiation of brush borders. At this stage, the apical staining of the calmodulin-binding proteins was similar to that of the adult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446559 TI - Neonatal rabbit kidney cortex in culture as tool for the study of collecting duct formation and nephron differentiation. AB - By stripping off the capsula fibrosa of neonatal rabbit kidneys a consistently thin tissue layer consisting of collecting duct anlagen, S-shaped bodies and nephrogenic blastema is obtained. This thin layer seems to be an excellent object for investigation of epithelium formation and nephron differentiation. Three different tissue culture protocols are described: 1. A polarly differentiated collecting duct epithelium with 'tight' characteristics consisting only of principal cells, grown on specific renal support 2. A morphologically dedifferentiated collecting duct principal cell monolayer grown on the unspecific bottom of a plastic culture dish 3. An embryonic tissue layer with numerous S shaped bodies which might be a suitable model for investigation of the development of maturing nephron structures in serum-free culture medium. PMID- 3446560 TI - Methylation of cytosolic proteins may be a possible biochemical pathway of early aldosterone action in cultured renal collecting duct cells. AB - The common model of aldosterone-dependent sodium transport is that the hormone increases sodium transport during the "early" and "late" response phases by inducing specific proteins (AIPs). However, in actual biochemical studies, AIPs were mostly detected 6-24 h after aldosterone application. Regarding the physiological early response phase, this implies temporal dissociation of the physiological and biochemical events. The discrepancy raises the question as to whether other biochemical events, such as protein modifications, may be involved in addition to the novo protein synthesis. Labelling of cultured renal collecting duct epithelia for 1-5 h with a radioactive methylgroup donor, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), following tissue fractionation, resulted in progressive methylations of specific cytosolic proteins. Aldosterone-dependent methylations increased consistently with time, and accounted for a 60% increase in total cytosolic protein content as compared to controls after 5 h labelling. The different methylated proteins showed a molecular weight of 220, 97 and 75 kd and comprised groups of proteins with an isoelectric point of 5.1-5.7 and 6.0-7.5. Methylation of identical proteins was obtained by incubation of the epithelia with unlabelled SAM instead of aldosterone. SAM-induced as well as aldosterone induced methylation of proteins with an isoelectric point of 6.0-7.5 could be inhibited by the methylation inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. The results indicate that aldosterone may influence the SAM cycle in cultured collecting-duct epithelia during increase of the Na+-transport. PMID- 3446561 TI - The mesangial cell culture: a tool for the study of the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the glomerular mesangial cell. AB - Cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (MC) were evaluated as a tool for reliable electrophysiological measurements as well as for fluorimetric determinations of intracellular Ca++. They had a resting potential similar to that observed in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), in VSMCs of mouse kidney arterioles, or in glomerular--presumably mesangial--cells of kidney slices. The comparison with the other cell types was carried out in order to look for features distinguishing them from these cells, e.g., active and passive electrical membrane properties or electrical membrane responses to vasoactive pharmacological agents. In MCs, as well as in the other cell types, the average membrane potential was approx. -50 mV. The vasoconstrictor peptides angiotensin II (ANG II) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) caused depolarizations that could be blocked by the respective specific inhibitors of these compounds. The agonist induced depolarizations have to be attributed, at least in part, to a Ca++ inward current. Norepinephrine, if any, had only a weak action upon MCs, whereas isoproterenol either did not influence the membrane potential or hyperpolarized the cells. Other substances tested, which had no influences upon the membrane potential, were neuropeptide Y and atriopeptin 3. As to their resting electrical properties and their responses to pharmacological agents, cultured mesangial cells did not differ from glomerular, i.e., most probably mesangial, cells in the kidney slice. The difference between mesangial cells and VSMCs consists in their reaction to noradrenaline. Whereas VSMCs respond with a marked depolarization, the noradrenaline effect upon MCs in culture and in the kidney slice is either absent or very weak. Repeated passage of the cells (more than six passages) led to a gradual loss of their responsiveness to the agonists, indicating reduced receptor expression which may be interpreted as dedifferentiation. This held for both cultured MCs and VSMCs. Fluorimetric measurements using the Ca++-specific indicators quin-2 and fura-2 were performed with a purpose-developed, ultrasensitive photon-counting microspectrofluorimeter. Individual MCs as well as isolated glomeruli responded to the vasoconstrictors ANG II and AVP with an increase in Ca++-dependent fluorescence indicating that these agents indeed depolarize the cells partly via a Ca++ influx and increase cytosolic free Ca++.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3446562 TI - Lung organoid culture. AB - An organoid culture system for lung cells is described in which morphogenesis of lung histotypic structures and differentiation of both pneumocytes type II and mesenchyme occur. The principle of this technique is the culture of mouse fetal lung cells at high density on a membrane filter at the medium/air interface. In the course of cultivation, cell sorting-out, epithelial cell aggregation, formation of an alveolar-like lumen in the organoids and formation of a basal lamina occur. Epithelial differentiation culminates in the production of lamellar bodies, and the mesenchyme develops into mature connective tissue. Morphogenesis and differentiation depend on the stage of fetal development from which the lung cells were derived but appear independent of the formation of a basal lamina. Various drugs have been tested for their effects on morphogenesis and differentiation in this lung organoid culture: some of them inhibit differentiation or damage the mesenchyme, others stimulate surfactant production. Due to the quite complex morphogenetic and cellular events occurring in lung organoid culture, it may be an applicable tool for alternative in vitro screening methods. PMID- 3446563 TI - [Evaluation of patients at risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarct using methods for processing electrocardiographic signals: current possibilities]. PMID- 3446564 TI - [Prognosis of silent myocardial ischemia: follow-up of 100 patients with positive treadmill test and exertion myocardial scintigraphy]. AB - Prognosis of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is largely unknown and the opportunity is still controversial of seeking for patients with silent ischemia. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the prognosis of painless myocardial ischemia documented by exercise test and myocardial scintigraphy. From June 1981 through November 1986, 206 patients without angina, history or ECG signs of old myocardial infarction, presenting a positive (decreases ST greater than or equal to 1.5 mm) exercise treadmill test, underwent exercise Thallium 201 myocardial imaging. Myocardial scintigraphy showed a normal scan in 85 cases and a reversible or fixed perfusion defect in 121. Patients with abnormal scan presenting ischemia at a low to moderate ergometric work-load were treated with betablockers or calcium-antagonist drugs. Out of patients with positive myocardial scintigraphy a sample of the first 100 consecutive subjects was considered. They were 87 men and 13 women aged 28-72 years (mean 54.8) observed during a mean follow up period of 33.1 +/- 1.6 months. Seven patients underwent coronary angiography which showed 3-vessel critical stenosis in 3 cases, 3-vessel lesions plus critical stenosis of the left main coronary-artery in 1 and 2-vessel lesions in 3. Two patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. A non fatal myocardial infarction occurred in 1 and 1 became symptomatic for angina, 11 and 20 months respectively after the diagnosis of ischemia. Three patients with ischemia at a low work-load and extensive scintigraphic perfusion defects died of sudden death and one of cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446565 TI - [Ambiguities in the evaluation of the prognosis of silent ischemia]. PMID- 3446566 TI - [Myocardial infarct before 45 years of age: significance of the coronarographic study in asymptomatic patients]. AB - The aim of our study was to evaluate the significance of coronary arteriography in young asymptomatic patients after myocardial infarction. Among a total of 586 consecutive patients who underwent left ventriculography and coronary angiography because of coronary heart disease during the period from January 1984 to June 1986, we selected 51 patients (8.7%) under 45 years of age (range 28-45 years) and without angina, dyspnea or electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia during bicycle ergometric stress test. These patients, 50 males (98.0%) and 1 female (2.0%) were angiographically evaluated from 1 to 12 months after a first myocardial infarction. Coronary occlusions greater than or equal to 70% were found in 44 patients (86.3%): 36 of them (70.6%) had single-vessel disease, 6 (11.8%) double-vessel disease and only 2 (3.9%) triple-vessel disease; no coronary obstructions greater than or equal to 50% of the left main coronary artery were found. Among the 7 patients without critical stenoses (13.7%) 3 had "normal" coronary arteries, 3 noncritical stenoses and one presented an anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva. Only 1 patient underwent surgery. In conclusion, in young asymptomatic patients after a myocardial infarction coronary arteriography may identify a small group either without or with minor atherosclerotic involvement of the coronary tree, while the presence of a localized disease is confirmed in most patients. Therefore, in this selected subgroup, coronary angiography has a limited usefulness in defining high risk patients possibly requiring surgical treatment. PMID- 3446567 TI - [Coronarography after myocardial infarct: when is it necessary?]. PMID- 3446568 TI - [Role of the autonomic nervous system in the genesis of the electrophysiologic pattern of the double nodal pathway]. AB - Thirty-five patients (age: 53 +/- 13 years) with dual A-V nodal pathways pattern were studied following autonomic blockade (propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04 mg/kg). Six of them had "idionodal" paroxysmal reentrant supraventricular tachycardia. After autonomic blockade the dual A-V nodal pathways pattern remained in 20 patients (57%) and disappeared in 15; however, in the latter, the effective refractory period of the fast pathway decreased significantly and the disappearance of the slow pathway conduction may not have been real since the marked shortening of the fast pathway refractory period may have masked the slow pathway conduction. The longest A2-H2 interval, the effective and functional refractory periods of the fast pathway did not change significantly after autonomic blockade. Even the electrophysiological measures of the slow pathway in the 20 patients in whom they were comparable did not change significantly. The behaviour of the fast and slow pathways measures varied from patient to patient after autonomic blockade. In the 6 patients with idionodal reentrant tachycardia a discrepancy between jump persistence after autonomic blockade and tachycardia induction was observed. These data suggest that: 1) the dual A-V nodal pathways pattern is mainly related to the anatomic structure of the A-V node; 2) the autonomic system affects in a variable way the conduction velocity and the refractoriness of the fast and slow pathways; 3) the dual A-V nodal pathways pattern and the reentry circuit of idional tachycardia imply two different electrophysiological substrata. PMID- 3446569 TI - [Echocardiographic visualization of the coronary arteries in endurance athletes]. AB - Visualization of left (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA) by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) was tried in 20 highly-trained endurance athletes and 20 normal sedentary controls using multiple echo planes. On the standard parasternal short axis aortic root view, the ostium of LCA was successfully visualized in all 20 athletes (100 percent) and in 18 controls (90 percent), the left main trunk in 19 athletes (95 percent) and 14 controls (70 percent) and a distinct bifurcation of the main trunk in 4 athletes (20 percent) and 2 controls (10 percent). In another 2 athletes, the initial tract of the left anterior descending artery and of the left circumflex branch could also be identified. With the same echo view, both from left or right sternal border, the ostium of RCA was visualized in 19 athletes (95 percent) and 16 controls (80 percent), the right main trunk in 18 athletes (90 percent) and 15 controls (75 percent) and a distinct bifurcation of RCA with one branch in 9 athletes (45 percent) and none of controls (p less than 0.025). Moreover, visualization of the distal tract of RCA was obtained on the parasternal long axis view of right ventricle in 15 athletes (75 percent) and 6 controls (30 percent, p less than 0.025). The very good quality of the 2-DE images allowed to measure the size of the ostia and initial tracts of both coronary arteries and the length for which the vessels could distinctly be followed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446570 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of right heart responses to sublingual nifedipine in dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Twelve patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were studied in order to evaluate whether the favourable effect of Nifedipine on the right heart is due to a direct action of the drug on pulmonary resistances or is related to an improvement of left ventricular function. Echocardiographic examination of left and right heart was performed at basic conditions, after Nifedipine treatment--20 mg sublingually -and after 20 minutes of oxygen breathing (FiO2 75%). This was done in order to verify if oxygen vasodilating action could potentiate the Nifedipine effect. Echocardiographic date were obtained in basic conditions, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after Nifedipine and immediately after oxygen breathing. Ten normal subjects were used for comparison for basic data. Peak Nifedipine activity was observed 10 minutes after administration. At this time inferior vena cava emptying index and systolic pulsation were significantly increased, whereas left and right ventricle isometric contraction time, left and right ventricle ejection time, left and right ventricle isovolumetric relaxation time, end-diastolic left ventricular diameter, inferior vena cava diameters and systolic blood pressure had decreased, thus showing the favourable effect of Nifedipine of both heart sides. Heart rate did not significantly change. Oxygen inhalation induced a significant decrease of right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation and an increase of the inferior vena cava indexes, suggesting an improvement in right heart function, without any change in other parameters. No significant difference was found between data after-oxygen and data obtained 10' after Nifedipine, showing that the Nifedipine effect was not potentiated by oxygen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446571 TI - [Pharmacologic cardioversion with propafenone of stable atrial fibrillation of recent onset]. AB - The efficacy of intravenous propafenone (P) infused at 2 mg/kg in 3 min as a loading dose followed by 0.007 mg/kg/min along 24 hours, in converting atrial fibrillation (AF) was evaluated under continuous electrocardiographic and blood pressure control in 22 patients. In case of inefficacy after a wash out of 24 hours, amiodarone (A) 5 mg/kg in 3 min followed by 1.8 gr/24 hours was infused. AF had to be constant (at least one 24/hour Holter recording) and of recent onset. All the patients were NYHA class 1 or 2. Ten patients reverted to sinus rhythm after P usually within 60 min; two of the non responders reverted after A and ten did not revert at all. RR intervals were significantly shorter in the responders compared to the others: mean value 537 +/- 64 vs 771 +/- 200 msec (p less than 0.001). During P the QRS duration increased 12.9% (p less than 0.005) and QTc of a lesser extent 7.8%; during A QRS did not modify significantly and QTc prolonged 9.5% (p less than 0.002). Propafenone i.v. infusion appears to be a rapid effective method of converting recent onset AF to sinus rhythm in patients with high ventricular rate. Amiodarone i.v. does not significantly help in converting to sinus rhythm the patients non responder to P. PMID- 3446572 TI - Fatal leptospiral myocarditis. AB - Clinical, instrumental and post-mortem studies were carried out in a patient with intractable cardiac failure, whose death was attribute to Weil's syndrome. A post mortem examination showed the presence of numerous petechiae on the heart layers and diffuse lymphomonocytic infiltrates in the myocardium, epicardium and endocardium. We suggest that in patients affected by leptospirosis--an endemic disease with a possible fatal outcome--it is necessary to determine carefully any involvement of the cardiovascular system which may play a determinant role in the evolution of the disease. PMID- 3446573 TI - [2 cases of arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle of familial occurrence]. AB - Cases of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) have been reported by many authors, and a genetic mechanism of transmission has been hypothesized. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive mechanism of inheritance were suggest. We present a father and a daughter affected by arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, belonging to a family with many cases of sudden death. Both of them presented with an episode of ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block. The clinical diagnosis was made according to electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, angionuclear and hemodynamic criteria of ARVD. The familia analysis suggest an autosomal dominant mechanism of transmission. PMID- 3446574 TI - A novel method for the rapid detection of specific nucleotide sequences in crude biological samples without blotting or radioactivity; application to the analysis of hepatitis B virus in human serum. AB - The detection of a little as 0.2 pg (60,000 molecules) of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA in human serum samples in 4 h has been demonstrated using a solution hybridization and bead-capture method. An amplification method based on chemically crosslinked oligodeoxyribonucleotides was coupled with a horseradish peroxidase-labeling scheme for the ultimate detection of the analyte. Two sets of HBV complementary synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes containing one of two types of single-stranded (ss) overhangs were employed. These ss overhangs were used to capture the probe-analyte complex onto a bead and subsequently to label it. Detection was achieved with either a chemiluminescent or colorimetric output substrate for the enzyme. Only in the presence of the virus was label specifically bound to the support. The assay was relatively unaffected by either sample composition or by the presence of heterologous nucleic acids. PMID- 3446575 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of a tissue-specific human retroposon: comparison with its housekeeping progenitor. AB - The intronless autosomal phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk-2) is a functional retroposon expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the meiotic and postmeiotic stages of mammalian spermatogenesis. The nucleotide sequence of the promoter region of this gene and its transcription start point are compared with those of Pgk-1, an intron-containing, X-linked, housekeeping gene expressed constitutively in all somatic cells and premeiotic germ cells. The location of flanking direct repeats and apparent conservation of specific regulatory sequences suggest the Pgk-2 retroposon arose from reverse transcriptase-mediated processing of an aberrant Pgk-1 transcript that included the endogenous Pgk-1 promoter elements. Specific sequences that may be involved in mediating differences observed in both the level and cell-type specificity of expression of these genes in spermatogenesis are identified. PMID- 3446576 TI - An acridine-linked oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to the common 5' end of trypanosome mRNAs kills cultured parasites. AB - Anti-messenger oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent were tested for their ability to inhibit translation of Trypanosoma brucei mRNAs in a cell-free system. The sequence of these oligodeoxynucleotides was complementary to part of the 35-nucleotide (nt) sequence which is present at the 5' end of all trypanosome mRNAs (the so-called mini-exon sequence). In a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, a nonadeoxynucleotide linked to an acridine derivative, specifically inhibited protein synthesis from T. brucei mRNAs much more efficiently than unmodified oligodeoxynucleotides of similar length. These oligodeoxynucleotides were tested on cultured trypanosomes. The acridine-linked nonadeoxynucleotide had a lethal effect on the parasites. No effect was observed with the homologous unmodified 9-mer nor with those 9-mers linked to the acridine derivative which were not complementary to the mini-exon sequence. These effects are probably a result of hybrid formation between the anti-messenger and mini exon sequence. Trypanocidal activity of the acridine-modified nonadeoxynucleotide is most likely due to (i) increased affinity for its target, (ii) improved resistance to 3' exonucleases, and (iii) promoted membrane penetration of living parasites. PMID- 3446577 TI - Procedures for enhancing the utility of the metallothionein promoter for the regulated expression of downstream open reading frames. AB - Procedures which enhance the inducibility of the mouse metallothionein I (mMT-I) transcriptional promoter in mouse C127 cells transformed by bovine papilloma virus have been investigated. These include: (i) induction with Zn2+ at low serum concentration, and (ii) use of a 'superinduction' protocol (presence of 1 microgram/ml of cycloheximide during induction with Zn2+, followed by 2 micrograms/ml of actinomycin D). Use of procedure (i) alone gave a 15- to 20-fold induction of expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF), which is comparable to the maximum inducibility achieved with mMT-I in other systems. Use of procedures (i) and (ii) in combination allowed a 50-fold induction. Three different reporter ORFs (rabbit ferritin L subunit, human chorionic gonadotropin alpha subunit, and human lutropin beta subunit), in three different chromosomal contexts, responded to these procedures. The maximum rate of expression achieved was estimated at over 10(9) molecules per cell per day, which is 20% of the transformed cell's protein synthetic capacity. At these extremely high levels some of the induced products were cytotoxic. PMID- 3446578 TI - Human cysteine-proteinase inhibitors: nucleotide sequence analysis of three members of the cystatin gene family. AB - Three genes from the human cystatin gene family of cysteine-proteinase inhibitors have been isolated from a bacteriophage lambda library containing HindIII digests of human genomic DNA. Two of the genes code for salivary cystatin SN and SA, the third is a pseudogene. The cloned genes were identified with a probe made from a salivary cystatin cDNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene that codes for the precursor form of the neutral salivary protein, cystatin SN, was determined. The gene, which we name CST1, contains three exons and two intervening sequences. The expected CAT and ATA boxes are present in the 5' flanking region of the gene. Partial nucleotide sequence determination of a second gene revealed that it codes for the precursor form of the acidic salivary protein, cystatin SA. This gene, which we name CST2, has the same gene organization as CST1. The complete nucleotide sequence of a third gene was determined. It does not contain a typical ATA box, and in addition, a premature stop codon and a frameshift deletion mutation occur within the gene. These inactivation mutations show that this gene, which we name CSTP1, is a cystatin pseudogene. These data combined with our genomic Southern-blot analyses show that the cystatin genes form a multigene family with at least seven members. PMID- 3446579 TI - Structural analysis of the 5' region of the chromosomal gene for hamster histidyl tRNA synthetase. AB - The chromosomal gene (HRS) coding for hamster histidyl-tRNA synthetase, like many other housekeeping genes, lacks many of the features associated with promoters of RNA-polymerase-II-transcribed genes. HRS transcripts have multiple start points. Using RNase protection analysis, we also identified a 300-bp exon located only 36 bp away from the 5'-most start point of the HRS transcript. This exon hybridizes to a 3.5-kb transcript which transcribes from a different strand of DNA in the 5' region of the HRS gene. This divergent 3.5-kb transcript also has multiple transcription start points. The identity and function of this 3.5-kb transcript is not known. PMID- 3446580 TI - A simple and rapid procedure for sequencing long (40-kb) DNA fragments. AB - A simple procedure has been developed for sequencing long (40-kb) DNA fragments by the dideoxy method. The fragment is cloned in the sequencing cosmid pAA113X by in vitro packaging, and subdivided by a series of overlapping IS1-promoted deletions. The deletions are isolated by positive selection for galactose resistance. Plasmids from several thousand galactose-resistant colonies are fractionated on an agarose gel, and DNA from each fraction is restricted with enzymes (such as SphI and SalI) to shorten each deletion from the opposite end. As a result, a series of short overlapping segments, spread across the entire length of the fragment, are fused to IS1. The plasmids are extracted by a rapid method, arranged according to size, and used for supercoil sequencing with an IS1 primer. Sequences of IS1-promoted deletions contain extensive overlaps that are connected further by restriction enzyme-generated deletions to give the complete 40-kb sequence. PMID- 3446581 TI - The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of peroxisomal catalase of the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. AB - We report the isolation and nucleotide (nt) sequence determination of cDNA encoding peroxisomal catalase (Cat) from the yeast Candida tropicalis pK233. The catalase cDNA (Cat) has a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1455 nt, encoding a protein of 484 amino acids (aa), not including the initiator methionine. The Mr of the protein is 54767. Codon use in the gene is not random, with 90.9% of the aa specified by 25 principal codons. The principal codons used in the expression of Cat in C. tropicalis are similar to those used in the expression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase gene of C. tropicalis and of highly expressed genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cat shows 48.0%, 49.7%, and 48.3% aa identity with human, bovine, and rat catalases, respectively, and 44.3% aa identity with catalase T of S. cerevisiae. The 3 aa of bovine liver catalase previously postulated to participate in catalysis and 79.5% of those aa in the immediate environment of hemin, the prosthetic group of catalase, are conserved in Cat of C. tropicalis. PMID- 3446582 TI - A single nucleotide base transition is the basis of the common human glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase variant A (+). AB - The X-chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) A(+) is a common variant found in about 20% of blacks. The amino acid substitution of Asp in the variant G6PD A(+) for Asn in the normal G6PD B(+) was previously found (A. Yoshida, 1967, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 57: 835), but the exact substitution position has not been identified. By screening a DNA library prepared from genomic DNA of a G6PD A(+) male subject, we obtained a genomic clone that contained the mutation site. Characterization of the clone revealed that AT----GC transition occurred in the variant A(+) gene, thus producing the amino acid substitution Asn----Asp at the 142nd position from the NH2 terminus of the enzyme. The nucleotide change created an additional FokI cleavage site in the variant A(+) gene; thus, the FokI fragment type of the variant subjects differed from that of normal B(+) subjects in Southern blot hybridization analysis. PMID- 3446583 TI - Assignment of the human gene for cholesteryl ester transfer protein to chromosome 16q12-16q21. AB - We have used a cDNA probe for human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) to determine the chromosomal location for the human gene. Southern blot analysis of DNA from 17 independent mouse-human somatic cell hybrids demonstrated the presence of the gene for human CETP on chromosome 16. Regional mapping of the gene by in situ hybridization was consistent with these results and indicated that the gene resides in the 16q12-21 region of the chromosome. These findings provide an additional polymorphic marker for chromosome 16, as several relatively common restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the gene have previously been reported, and they have significance for studies directed at the identification of genetic factors affecting plasma lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3446584 TI - Preliminary ranking procedures for multilocus ordering. AB - N linked loci can be arranged in N!/2 possible orders. We describe two criteria for providing a preliminary ranking of the possible orders based on the N(N-1)/2 pairwise lod score curves for the loci. For a given order the first criterion is the sum of the N-1 maximal lod scores corresponding to the adjacent pairs of loci in the order. The second criterion is the minimum of a least-squares problem due to J.M. Lalouel (1977, Heredity 38(1): 61-77). This least-squares problem requires the maximum likelihood recombination fraction estimates and their standard errors. For N small it is feasible to evaluate these measures for every possible order. For N large we use a simulated annealing algorithm. This gives a fairly complete listing of the best-candidate orders without sampling every possible order. These ranking methods are applied to data from linkage groups on chromosomes 1, 6, 11, and 13. PMID- 3446585 TI - Isolation of cDNA clones coding for rat isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and assignment of the gene to human chromosome 15. AB - Rat liver mRNA encoding the cytoplasmic precursor of mitochondrial isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase was highly enriched by polysome immunopurification using a polyclonal monospecific antibody. The purified mRNA was used to prepare a plasmid cDNA library which was screened with two oligonucleotide mixtures encoding two peptides in the amino-terminal portion of mature rat isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Thirty-one overlapping cDNA clones, spanning a region of 2.1 kbp, were isolated and characterized. The cDNA sequence of a 5'-end clone, rIVD-13 (155 bp), predicts a mitochondrial leader peptide of 30 amino acid residues and the first 18 amino acids of the mature protein. These consecutive 18 residues completely matched the amino-terminal peptide determined by automated Edman degradation of the rat enzyme. The leader peptide contains six arginines, has no acidic residues, and is particularly rich in leucine, alanine, and proline residues. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids with an isolated rat cDNA (2 kbp) assigned the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene to the long arm of chromosome 15, region q14----qter. The chromosomal assignment was confirmed and further refined to bands q14----q15 by in situ hybridization of the probe to human metaphase cells. This location differs from that of the gene for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a closely related enzyme, which has been previously assigned to chromosome 1. PMID- 3446586 TI - Effect of tryptophan and GABA in oocyte growth of the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. PMID- 3446587 TI - Acute toxicity of methyl isocyanate and ineffectiveness of sodium thiosulphate in preventing its toxicity. PMID- 3446588 TI - Effects of inhaled sublethal concentration of methyl isocyanate on lung mechanics in rats. PMID- 3446589 TI - Blood glucose and hepatic glycogen interrelationship in Channa punctatus (Bloch): a parameter of nonlethal toxicity bioassay with industrial pollutants. PMID- 3446590 TI - Effects of mercuric chloride on hydrolytic enzymes of rat testicular tissues. PMID- 3446591 TI - Penicillic acid action on erythrocytes. PMID- 3446592 TI - Role of C10-chain in determining aggregation activity of synthetic pheromones for flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera-insecta). PMID- 3446593 TI - Induction of fish mitotic division in in vivo by concanavalin A. PMID- 3446594 TI - Age related metabolic changes in muscle energy metabolism of exhausted albino rats. PMID- 3446595 TI - Effect of monosodium methane arsonate and aminotriazole on biosynthesis of epicuticular wax in some semiarid shrubs. PMID- 3446596 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by some organophosphate pesticides. PMID- 3446597 TI - Retardation of retinopathy by Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd) fruit extract in alloxan diabetic rats. PMID- 3446599 TI - Recruitment and retention. PMID- 3446598 TI - Deproteinized leaf juice as a medium for growth of Rhizobium. PMID- 3446600 TI - Creative management. PMID- 3446601 TI - Discharge planning. PMID- 3446602 TI - Women, science and nursing. PMID- 3446603 TI - Thirty years of men in nursing. PMID- 3446604 TI - Pre-operative psychological preparation for the surgical patient. PMID- 3446605 TI - Perioperative nursing. PMID- 3446606 TI - Introduction of pre-operative visiting by operating room nurses. PMID- 3446607 TI - Nursing a person with a closed head injury. PMID- 3446608 TI - Reflections of a Kellogg Fellow--transcultural nursing. PMID- 3446609 TI - Health care and the Australian aborigine. PMID- 3446611 TI - Reflections of a 'refresher'. PMID- 3446610 TI - The value we place on older family members. PMID- 3446612 TI - Admission and discharge--a short story. PMID- 3446613 TI - Patient advocacy and the role of the nurse. PMID- 3446614 TI - A.I.D.S.--implications for nursing. PMID- 3446616 TI - Coping with cancer: a nursing perspective. PMID- 3446615 TI - Edinburgh to Adelaide: a personal view. PMID- 3446617 TI - Industrial relations. PMID- 3446618 TI - External ophthalmomyiasis. Report of four cases. AB - Four cases of external ocular myiasis caused by larvae of Oestrus ovis are reported. Each patient showed some degree of inflammation in the lids and conjunctiva. Regression was only subsequent to removal of parasites from the eye. Two patients had respiratory signs, i.e. rhinitis. For one of these two cases, a short-time admission in the resuscitation unit was recommended following a noticeable bronchospasm. The pathogenetic mechanism of this respiratory distress is not known. Two hypotesis are made. PMID- 3446619 TI - External drainage of subretinal fluid with a contact Nd:YAG laser. AB - We used a Nd:YAg laser fit with a fiberoptic cord and sapphire tip to drain subretinal fluid externally in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The direct contact between the laser and the choroid allowed for controlled cutting and coagulation of the intervening choroidal vasculature. The drainage was successfully achieved with no complication. PMID- 3446621 TI - Abstracts of the 181st meeting of the Dutch Ophthalmological Society. Leeuwarden, 25-27 March, 1987. PMID- 3446620 TI - Onchocerciasis--a potential revolution in its treatment. AB - Onchocerciasis is a major blinding disease affecting at least 28 million people in Africa and Latin America. Although a large-scale vector control program has been highly successful in limiting transmission of infection in West Africa, there has not been a satisfactory form of treatment available for those already infected or those living in other areas. Despite the fact that two drugs, diethylcarbamazine and suramin, are active against the filarial parasite that causes onchocerciasis, their use is severely limited by their toxicity and the reaction they induce. A newly developed drug, ivermectin, appears to offer a major revolution in the treatment of onchocerciasis. In a series of clinical trials, ivermectin has been shown to be an extremely effective microfilaricide which induces only minimal side effects. Ivermectin is given as a single oral dose which can be repeated on an annual basis. In view of its safety and efficacy and its ease of administration, it seems likely that ivermectin will be suitable for use in mass chemotherapy programs against onchocerciasis. PMID- 3446622 TI - [Nodular goiter: thyroglobulin as an indicator for the tendency to recur?]. PMID- 3446623 TI - [Swiss Society of Surgery. 74th annual meeting. 7-9 May 1987, Lugano. 1]. PMID- 3446624 TI - [Breast-preserving surgery in breast cancer. The experience and results with 276 patients]. PMID- 3446625 TI - [Pulmonary embolectomy]. PMID- 3446626 TI - [Recurrence of a benign pleural mesothelioma 18 years after its excision. Review of a series of 33 patients with a primary pleural tumor from 1958 to 1986]. PMID- 3446627 TI - [Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3446628 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy of large liver hemangiomas]. PMID- 3446629 TI - [Acute pancreatitis: the results of surgical therapy]. PMID- 3446630 TI - [Duodenopancreatectomy: the results with 35 patients]. PMID- 3446631 TI - [Clinical experiences with splenic resection]. PMID- 3446632 TI - [Management of the multiple organ donor]. PMID- 3446633 TI - [Surgical therapy of the decubitus ulcer in the geriatric patient]. PMID- 3446634 TI - [Primary operated fresh acromioclavicular luxation (Tossy III). The treatment results with 50 patients]. PMID- 3446635 TI - [Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures with the dynamic hip screw (DHS)]. PMID- 3446636 TI - [Initial results following osteosynthesis of medial femoral neck fractures with the dynamic hip screw (DHS)]. PMID- 3446637 TI - [Positive peroperative smear in total hip and knee joint prosthetic implants: the clinical course]. PMID- 3446638 TI - [Knee impact injuries in motorcycle drivers and passengers]. PMID- 3446639 TI - [Acceleration and angular measurements during skiing and walking using a portable device]. PMID- 3446640 TI - [Diagnosis of fresh anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in the knee joint]. PMID- 3446641 TI - [Advances in the cruciate ligament surgery of the knee joint]. PMID- 3446642 TI - [The transmeniscal anterior approach to the knee joint with osteotomy of the tuberositas tibiae in caring for bicondylar tibial head fractures]. PMID- 3446643 TI - [Long-term results of surgically treated tibial plateau fractures]. PMID- 3446644 TI - [Conservative treatment of fibular ligament ruptures at the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 3446645 TI - [Concomitant neurological injuries in talar neck dislocation-fractures]. PMID- 3446646 TI - [The open plate, a decisive part of today's osteitis therapy]. PMID- 3446647 TI - [Joint-reconstructive minimal osteosynthesis and external fixator in closed fractures with precarious soft tissues]. PMID- 3446648 TI - [Findings on stump surgery and its effects on rehabilitation]. PMID- 3446649 TI - [Triplane fracture: an adolescent fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis]. PMID- 3446650 TI - [Long-term experiences with the vena cava clip by the Adams/De Weese method]. PMID- 3446652 TI - Hb D-Granada or alpha 2 beta 2 22(B4)Glu----Val. PMID- 3446651 TI - Hb Bushwick [beta 74(E18)Gly----Val] heterozygotes in a Yugoslavian family have 35 to 40% of the unstable variant. PMID- 3446653 TI - Decreased heat stability found in purified hemoglobin Queens [alpha 34(B15)Leu--- Arg]. PMID- 3446654 TI - Abnormal hemoglobins found in Guangdong, P.R. China. PMID- 3446655 TI - The thickness of the calcified layer of articular cartilage: a function of the load supported? AB - The thickness of both the articular cartilage and its calcified zone were measured at 25 carefully selected points in 8 human femoral heads, and the ratio of one to the other was found to be remarkably constant for each bone. The thickness of the calcified zone therefore shows the same distribution pattern as that of the total cartilage and, since the latter is dependent upon the distribution of the load, the thickness of the calcified region also appears to be related to mechanical stress. The volume of the calcified zone, however, expressed as a percentage of the total cartilage, varied considerably from one bone to another within the range from 3.23 to 8.8%. Too few specimens were examined to allow correlation with age or sex to be either refuted or confirmed. PMID- 3446656 TI - The otic ganglion and its neural connections in the rat. AB - The precise localisation of the rat otic ganglion and its neuronal connections, particularly those related to salivation, has been established by means of dissection and from a study of histological sections taken serially through the head. The otic ganglion lies medial to the pterygopalatine branch of the internal carotid artery and beneath the trigeminal ganglion from which it is separated by the sphenoid bone. In the rat there is no direct connection between the glossopharyngeal nerve and the otic ganglion, as is the case in man. However, a neural connection between the facial nerve and the otic ganglion and a further connection linking the glossopharyngeal with the facial nerve through which the salivatory axons may pass to reach the otic ganglion is described. A comparison is made of the neural pathways involved in parotid secretion in the rat with those believed to exist in man. PMID- 3446658 TI - Seasonal changes in the reproductive tract of the male marsupial bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus. AB - Reproductive activity is seasonal in bandicoots. To determine the seasonal changes in the reproductive tract of the male bandicoot, the morphology of the testis and the prostate was examined during the breeding and non-breeding season. Although the dimensions of the testes of the bandicoot did not change with season, the volume of testicular Leydig cell tissue increased about twofold and this change within the testis was accompanied by a threefold increase in prostate gland size. The bandicoot prostate can be divided into two zones, a dorsal zone which produces a carbohydrate secretion containing the enzyme acid phosphatase, and a smaller ventral zone which produces a mucoprotein secretion lacking acid phosphatase activity. These morphological changes within the testis and the prostate gland of the male bandicoot correlate with the seasonal variation in plasma testosterone concentrations previously reported. The testosterone concentration in the male starts to rise in May and reaches a peak in September and presumably causes the increase in prostate gland size and activity. PMID- 3446657 TI - Central projection of rat sciatic nerve fibres as revealed by Ricinus communis agglutinin and horseradish peroxidase tracers. AB - The central projection of afferent fibres in the rat sciatic nerve has been studied by means of the suicide transport of a lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 60 (RCA 60), and the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results obtained from these two methods are similar; however, the RCA method gave a more consistent and better localisation of the primary afferent terminals than the HRP method. The present study has shown that primary afferents from the sciatic nerve project predominantly to the ipsilateral gracile nucleus. In addition, they also project to several other brainstem nuclei; these include the contralateral nucleus gracilis, the ipsilateral main cuneate nucleus, the external cuneate nucleus and the presumptive nucleus z. PMID- 3446659 TI - The development of the orbital region of Caretta caretta (Chelonia, Reptilia). AB - In the development of the orbital region of the Caretta chondrocranium, the rearrangement of the several eye muscles seems to be correlated with the apparent anterior shift of the neurocranial element, the pila metoptica. The pila consists of the main part, the supratrabecular cartilage, and five processes, the superior, middle, anteromedial, antero-inferior and the postero-inferior. The superior process forms the attachment of the superior rectus muscle and, together with the muscle, moves anteriorly during development. In the course of the anterosuperior shift of the inferior rectus muscle, the antero-inferior process degenerates and the anteromedial process is newly formed. The postero-inferior process gives origin to the posterior rectus muscle and regresses as a result of the upward shift of the muscle. All these changes are the result of the secondary arrangement of the eye muscles gathered around the secondary optic foramen which has been newly formed through the pila metoptica deformation. The elevation of the optic nerve which is brought about through the formation of the interorbital septum, is another factor that brings about the above changes. Because of these changes, the anterior part of the cranial flexure, the pila metoptica, lies in a longitudinal plane and consequently it, as well as the cavum epiptericum, is obliterated and a large antero-inferiorly opening extracranial space, the orbit of the reptile, is produced. PMID- 3446661 TI - Origin of the adenohypophyseal vessels in the rat. AB - The origin of the portal vessels and the adjacent structures are described in rat embryos (gestational Days 11, 12 and 13) injected with India ink via the umbilical veins. Without the interposition of mesoderm Rathke's pouch comes into contact with the prosencephalic vesicle and its diverticulum, the processus infundibularis. Developmental changes in the shape of the prosencephalic vesicle influence the formation of Rathke's pouch. Before separation of the latter from the diencephalon and the processus infundibularis (Day 12), branches start growing around Rathke's pouch from the capillary network covering the prospective hypothalamus, and these vessels may be now considered as the forerunners of the primary portal vessels. After the separation of the anterior wall of Rathke's pouch from the diencephalon (Day 13) the primary portal veins are present and the hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal portal circulation is ready to function. The hypothalamic plexus is supplied by the primitive maxillary artery and by some small branches of the internal carotid arteries. The venous outflow leads into the intercavernous sinus and into the primitive maxillary veins. No arterial vessels in the primitive pharyngeal wall could be observed before the appearance of the primary portal vessels. The present observations clearly demonstrate that the adenohypophyseal vessels are derived only from the vascular network of the diencephalon, without contribution from the pharyngeal vessels, and that the portal vascular bed develops as a single entity. PMID- 3446662 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural study on the responses of microvilli along the small bowel to fasting. AB - Stereological methods were employed to investigate the effects of fasting on the numbers and sizes of microvilli in three regions of the rat small bowel. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal segments displayed differences in microvillous amplification factors, absolute surface areas and mean lengths but no significant differences in the mean diameters or packing densities of microvilli. Fasting had no effects on amplification factors, mean diameters or numbers. However, fasted animals possessed significantly less microvillous surface area (0.9 versus 1.2 m2) due to a reduction in total villous surface area and, probably, to decreases in the average lengths of microvilli. In no instance was any significant interaction effect demonstrable. Thus, fasting influenced all regions of the small intestine in similar fashion. The paper concludes a study into the effects of fasting on villi and microvilli along the small bowel. PMID- 3446660 TI - Origin and fate of neural macrophages in a stab wound of the brain of the young rat. AB - Colloidal carbon was injected intravenously into young rats to label circulating monocytes before making a stab wound in the brain. The rats were killed 3-16 days after the stab wound. Demonstration of non-specific esterase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase was carried out on the carbon-labelled macrophages at the site of lesion at various survival times. In rats killed 3-5 days after the injury numerous carbon-labelled macrophages were present in the needle passage as well as in the marginal area of the lesion and they showed a positive reaction for non-specific esterase. The reaction of the enzyme was found in some of the dense bodies in the form of punctate precipitates. The reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase was seen in the Golgi saccules as well as on the plasma membrane, although in the latter the reaction was weaker. Intense reaction for 5'-nucleotidase was localised over the plasma membrane as well as over the dense bodies. The carbon-labelled macrophages displaying the activities of the above enzymes in the 3-5 days postoperative group were of the round type. However, in the 8-16 postoperative days animals, the cells were either oval or had assumed an elongated outline resembling the microglial cells seen in the tissue taken from the normal side. It is concluded that circulating monocytes are a main source of brain macrophage in traumatic brain lesions. In the healing process of the wound some of the cells regress to become microglial cells as shown by the presence of the carbon particles as well as non-specific esterase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activity in the various stages of structural transformation. PMID- 3446663 TI - The blood-nerve barrier: an in vivo lanthanum tracer study. AB - The permeability of the blood-nerve barrier was investigated using ionic lanthanum as an electron-dense tracer. The rat sural nerve was microinjected in vivo with lanthanum nitrate solution either into the endoneurial space or into the epineurium. Five to sixty minutes after injection the sural nerves were fixed by vascular perfusion or immersion. Using electron microscopy, lanthanum tracer was observed to be associated with endoneurial vessels in the perivascular spaces, in the inter-endothelial clefts and within the lumina. Furthermore, tracer was present in the spaces between adjacent endothelial cell layers and within vesicles and caveolae of endothelial cells. Epineurial vessels showed a similar distribution of tracer deposits but in greater quantities in inter endothelial cell spaces and vessel lumina. The results are considered to demonstrate an absence of a blood-nerve barrier to ions as exemplified by lanthanum and are compatible with data from physiological experiments. The blood nerve and blood-brain barriers are contrasted in their permeability to ions, their related fine structure and their physiological roles. PMID- 3446664 TI - Ultrastructure of the ferret submandibular gland. AB - Submandibular glands of two male and two female adult ferrets were examined using electron microscopy. The secretory endpiece consisted of mucous acini and seromucous demilunes. The acinar cells were filled with mucous granules of moderate electron density. Each granule had a fine fibrillar substructure. Two types of demilune cells could be identified, based on the differing electron density of their secretion granules. In some cells the granules were more electron-dense than in others. These granules may contain the two types of mucosubstances identified in an earlier study. The demilunes probably drained into the intercellular canaliculi present in between them and eventually into the acinar lumen through a demilune projecting into it. The intercalated ducts were shorter compared to those of the parotid glands. Many of the striated duct cells contained electron-dense secretion granules. The basal plasmalemma of these cells was invaginated to form linear folds. Few agranular cells were interspersed among the granulated cells of the striated ducts. PMID- 3446665 TI - Effects of prenatal undernutrition on prevertebral sympathetic neurons in the rat: a morphological and fluorescence histochemical study. AB - The effects of maternal undernutrition during the last seven and last fourteen days of pregnancy on neurons of the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion has been investigated in neonates and in adult animals. The parameters studied were neuron diameter and the level of neuronal noradrenaline fluorescence. The morphology was more permanently affected by fourteen than by seven days undernutrition as shown by the smaller neuron diameters persisting at six months. Both periods of undernutrition affected noradrenaline levels permanently: seven days undernutrition producing a rise and fourteen days producing a depression. These changes demonstrate the permanent effects of maternal undernutrition on the development and maturation of prevertebral sympathetic neurons. PMID- 3446666 TI - Morphometric study of cartilage dynamics in the chick embryo tibia. I. Methodology and tissue compartments in normal embryos. AB - Cartilage dynamics during the development of the chick embryo tibia has been studied by means of morphometric methods, from the 11th to the 14th days. The volume densities of the structures enclosed by the perichondrium-periosteum did not change significantly through the age span studied, whereas the absolute volumes of these structures increased during the whole period under investigation. The cartilage volume showed the most rapid increase from Day 12 to Day 13 (by a factor of x1.74). The volume of the invading connective and vascular tissue increased rapidly from Day 11 to Day 14. The rate of cartilage formation decreased from 7.60 +/- 1.02 to 3.82 +/- 0.89 mm3/day (from Day 13 to Day 14), whereas the rate of cartilage resorption increased until Day 13 (by a factor of x2.71), reaching a plateau after this age. Although cartilage formation was higher than resorption during this period, the changes found by Day 13 indicate that shortly after this age cartilage resorption will predominate over cartilage formation, leading to the disappearance of the cartilaginous model. PMID- 3446667 TI - Morphometric study of cartilage dynamics in the chick embryo tibia. II. Dexamethasone-treated embryos. AB - The cartilage dynamics in the tibia of dexamethasone-treated chick embryos has been studied by means of morphometric methods. Treated embryos showed a delay in the longitudinal growth of the tibia, as well as in the growth of all structures enclosed by the perichondrium-periosteum. The cartilage formation rate remained nearly unchanged (above 1 mm3/day) from Day 12 to Day 14, whereas the cartilage resorption rate was zero up to Day 13, and showed a non-significant increase from Day 13 onwards. This might be related to the scarcity of resorptive cells found in the cartilage-marrow interface. By Day 14 a certain recovery of the growth rhythm was observed. These results indicate that the greatest effect of dexamethasone occurs at the level of cartilage resorption. PMID- 3446668 TI - A histometric/scanning electron microscope study of normal and loaded oral epithelium of the vervet monkey. AB - To investigate the functional significance of the epithelial cell surface features found in oral mucosa, a histometric analysis of the pits, microvilli and microplications was carried out in normal and mechanically loaded attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa of the vervet monkey throughout the full thickness of the epithelium. An electronic image analysing system and point counting methods were used to obtain the necessary data from micrographs of tissue specimens viewed in the scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the cell area increases and the density of microvilli and microplications decreases from the deepest to the superficial cell layers. There was no statistically significant difference between the diameter of the pits and microvilli in the attached gingiva. Similarly there was no statistically significant difference between the widths of the grooves on the oral cell surface and the microplications on the under-surfaces of the alveolar mucosa cells. This indicates that the cell surfaces are complementary within each tissue type. Furthermore mechanical loading caused a significant decrease in the density of microvilli and microplications in the two tissues, confirming that these structures serve as reserve areas for cell stretching. PMID- 3446669 TI - Directional properties of the auditory periphery in the guinea pig. AB - The directional sensitivity of the outer ear of the guinea pig was determined by recording changes in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonic to frequencies between 1 and 20 kHz as the location of the sound source was changed throughout 360 degrees of horizontal auditory space. The directional responses to frequencies below 3 kHz were almost omnidirectional. The directional responses for frequencies between 3 and 12 kHz were progressively more directional toward the anterior midline. The responses for frequencies above 12 kHz were highly directional along the ipsilateral interaural axis. In contrast, the directional responses to all frequencies in animals whose pinnae had been removed were orientated along the ipsilateral interaural axis. The observations suggest that the orientation and strength of the directional response of the auditory periphery in the guinea pig are dependent on frequency and that this dependence is attributable, at least in part, to the acoustic properties of the pinna. The observations also indicate that there is a substantial change in the interaural intensity difference at various frequencies and in the spectral transfer function of the ear according to the location of the sound source in the ipsilateral hemifield. The observation that these changes are asymmetrical about the interaural axis for a substantial part of the auditory range of the animal is consistent with the hypothesis that the frequency dependent directionality of the auditory periphery provides a spectral cue for the localization of broad band sounds in the free field. PMID- 3446670 TI - Distribution of frequency sensitivity in the superior colliculus of the guinea pig. AB - A field potential could be recorded in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SCd) in the guinea pig following presentation of pure tone bursts at frequencies between 1 and 22 kHz, bursts of white noise, and clicks presented in the free field. The potentials evoked by these stimuli at different intensities had two negative and one positive component associated with the onset of the stimulus. The amplitude of the negative components of the potential varied according to the location of the recording electrode along the dorso-ventral and rostro-caudal axes of the SC and with the frequency of pure tone stimuli. The largest amplitude potentials were recorded in the deep grey layer of the SCd midway along the rostro-caudal axis of the nucleus. The distribution of frequency sensitivity along the rostro-caudal axis of the SCd was determined by recording the amplitude of the negative components of the field potential evoked by 10 ms pure tone bursts at a constant intensity. The distribution of frequency sensitivity across the nucleus was not cochleotopic. The caudal pole of the nucleus had largest responses to frequencies above 15 kHz, with a peak sensitivity around 20 kHz. In contrast, the rostral pole of the nucleus was most sensitive to frequencies around 10 kHz and the sensitivity to frequencies around 20 kHz was relatively low. At a point midway along the rostro-caudal axis of the SCd, the nucleus was sensitive to a broad range of frequencies from 5 to 25 kHz. The patterns of frequency sensitivity recorded in the rostral, middle and caudal SCd are qualitatively similar to the frequency transfer characteristics of the auditory periphery for sounds located in the anterior, orthogonal and posterior regions respectively of contralateral space. The correspondence between these two sets of data suggests that the pattern of frequency sensitivity along the SCd may provide a mechanism by which the nervous system can encode the spectral cues which are generated at the auditory periphery. PMID- 3446671 TI - Cytochalasin D suppresses sound evoked potentials in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - Cytochalasin D (CD), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, was perfused through the guinea pig cochlea while monitoring various cochlear potentials. CD (10(-7) 10(-5) M) reduced the magnitude of the compound action potential of the cochlear nerve and the summating potential, and increased N1 latency. The cochlear microphonic potential was the least sensitive potential with only a slight effect being observed at 10(-5) M. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that actin has a role in cochlear function. PMID- 3446672 TI - Comparative ototoxicity of gentamicin in the guinea pig and two strains of rats. AB - Gentamicin ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity were compared in two strains of rats, Sprague-Dawley and Fisher-344, and in the Hartley albino guinea pig. Treatment groups consisting of 8 male rats of each strain and four male guinea pigs were dosed subcutaneously for 14 days with either 80 or 100 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate in saline. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) thresholds were recorded from each animal in each group on day 11 post-administration. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured in blood obtained on day 11 post administration as measures of nephrotoxicity. Kidney weight/body weight ratios were also determined. Loss of sensory hair cells was observed in the basal region of the organ of Corti from all animals treated with 100 mg/kg of gentamicin. The hair cell loss and BAER threshold elevations were greatest in the guinea pigs. Fisher-344 rats showed more extensive hair loss and greater BAER threshold elevations than Sprague-Dawley rats. The Fisher-344 rats exhibited increased blood urea-nitrogen and kidney weight/body weight ratios. Sprague-Dawleys did not suffer any nephrotoxic effects. These data indicate that the Fisher-344 rat is useful animal in which to study aminoglycoside ototoxicity as it exhibits both functional and morphological changes after gentamicin administration. PMID- 3446673 TI - Ototoxicity of indacrinone is stereospecific. AB - Indacrinone (MK-196) is a loop diuretic which consists of a racemic mixture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual enantiomers in the chinchilla model to determine whether these compounds affect auditory function and whether a difference in ototoxic potency exists. Very little change of endocochlear potential (EP) or compound action potential (CAP) was noted in animals receiving the (+)-enantiomer. On the other hand, chinchillas injected with the (-)-enantiomer were found to have a dose related reduction in both CAP and EP. These findings suggest the possibility that the diuretic receptor in the kidney and the receptor mediating ototoxicity in the cochlea, may have similar steric requirements for interacting with loop diuretics. PMID- 3446674 TI - The efferent cochlear projections of the superior olivary complex in the mustached bat. AB - Following the placement of horseradish peroxidase in the scala tympani, labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral interstitial nucleus (INT) and throughout the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsomedial periolivary nuclei (DMPO). The neurons in the INT were morphologically distinct from those in the DMPO. The INT neurons formed a thin shell over the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO) and their dendrites extended into the body and hilar region. The DMPO neurons had long, tapering dendrites that extended in every direction. Data indicate that the crossed fibers in the floor of the ventricle arise entirely from the DMPO while uncrossed olivocochlear fibers originate in the INT and DMPO. It was estimated that 75% of the efferent fibers arise from the INT and 25% from the DMPO. Approximately 70% of the efferent neurons in each DMPO project to the contralateral cochlea via the crossed olivocochlear bundle. The number of olivocochlear neurons associated with each ear was determined to be approximately 1585. This number is similar to that found in cats and guinea pigs, but the number of neurons per unit length of the basilar membrane is considerably higher in the mustached bat than in other species examined to date. The compact, restricted locations of the neurons in the INT and DMPO in the mustached bat are different from those described for most other mammals and the arrangement in the mustached bat offers advantages over other species for future anatomical and physiological studies. PMID- 3446675 TI - Surgical approach to the superior vestibular nerve in guinea pigs. AB - The superior vestibular nerve carries homo- and contra-lateral efferent fibers to the cochlea. The subarcuate fossa, a tube-like structure in the temporal bone of the guinea pig, can be used to reach the superior vestibular nerve at the level of the internal acoustic meatus. Normally, this structure accommodates the dorsal and ventral floccular extension of the cerebellum. This technique has several advantages. Firstly, a reduced cranial opening is necessary; secondly, less cerebellar tissue is sacrificed. Then there is the relative insulation of the operative field, and finally, it presents a straight guide to the internal auditory meatus and vestibular nerve. PMID- 3446676 TI - Covariation of latency and temporal resolution in the inferior colliculus of the cat. AB - Onset latency of single-unit and multiunit responses was measured in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of barbiturate anesthetized cats. The relationship of the units' onset latency with their characteristic frequency (CF), their best modulation frequency (BMF), and their location within the ICC was studied. Latencies were significantly correlated to BMF; they were only weakly correlated to CF. The contribution of CF to the delays can be attributed to the traveling wave mechanism; covariation of latency and temporal resolution (BMF) likely manifests neuronal mechanisms underlying periodicity coding. PMID- 3446677 TI - Radionuclide quantitation of left to right shunts--a comparative study with quantitation by Fick's principle. PMID- 3446678 TI - Serum and urinary zinc levels in sickle cell disorders. PMID- 3446679 TI - Medical dissolution of gallstones. PMID- 3446680 TI - Interaction of carbamazepine with digoxin. An experimental observation in dogs. PMID- 3446681 TI - Effect of tinidazole and metronidazole on serum lipid profile in healthy human volunteers. PMID- 3446682 TI - Potassium-chloride therapy in nutritional oedema. PMID- 3446683 TI - Duodenal obstruction. PMID- 3446684 TI - Inversion of stomach. PMID- 3446685 TI - Dextro-cardia with status inversus in Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome. PMID- 3446686 TI - Essential blepharospasm and Meige's syndrome. PMID- 3446687 TI - Campylobacter jejuni infection in a general hospital. PMID- 3446688 TI - Sudden bilateral deafness following snake bite. PMID- 3446689 TI - Non haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with facial palsy. PMID- 3446690 TI - Diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase assay (ADA) in body fluids. PMID- 3446691 TI - Radioactive iodine ablative therapy for thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy: foetal outcome. PMID- 3446693 TI - Right ventricular infarction. PMID- 3446692 TI - Spontaneous thalamic haemorrhage in drug-induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3446694 TI - Skin thickness in normal subjects and in patients with endocrine disorders. PMID- 3446695 TI - Pan masala. PMID- 3446696 TI - Why optometrists should treat glaucoma. PMID- 3446697 TI - Glaucoma: history and perspective. PMID- 3446698 TI - Visual function and retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 3446699 TI - A discussion of primary open-angle glaucoma. Interview by J. Benjamin Brumberg. PMID- 3446700 TI - A glaucoma control chart. AB - A control sheet is presented to aid in the long-term management of the patient with glaucoma. It provides a means to easily assess the current and past management status as well as to review 21 consecutive visits with examination data on one form. PMID- 3446701 TI - Interphalangeal callus formation. PMID- 3446702 TI - Preoperative criteria for hallux valgus surgery and use of convergent angled base wedge osteotomy. AB - A discussion is presented about objective correction criteria for hallux abducto valgus surgery. A historical review of commonly used procedures performed for correction at various levels of first ray deformity is related. Based on ideal criteria for base wedge osteotomies, a new template and procedure for base wedge osteotomies derived from computer-augmented graphics is described in detail. This procedure has been referred to as a convergent angled osteotomy (CAO) and effectively reduces the metatarsus primus adductus angle with minimal loss of length, cortex to cortex apposition in closure, relative lengthening with plantarflexion if desired, and a capacity for very stable rigid internal fixation that optimizes recovery from base wedge reduction. Case histories are also presented. PMID- 3446703 TI - Preoperative laboratory testing and podiatric surgery. AB - Preoperative laboratory testing is commonly ordered prior to foot surgery. While this practice is justified when the preoperative history and physical examination offer pertinent findings, routine testing of overtly healthy patients is questionable. Available evidence of the utility of preoperative testing is reviewed and suggestions for establishing preoperative testing protocols for podiatric patients are made. PMID- 3446704 TI - Topical hemostatic agents to reduce bleeding from cancellous bone surfaces: a comparison of Gelfoam paste and bone wax. AB - This article reviews the history of topical bone hemostatic agents, listing advantages and disadvantages of the more commonly used agents. Gelfoam paste and bone wax were chosen to study the effects that bone hemostatic agents have on the occurrence and severity of postoperative edema and pain. The authors discovered 80% of the patients utilizing bone wax, and 91% of the patients receiving Gelfoam paste, had markedly decreased amounts of immediate postoperative edema. Furthermore, 90% of the patients treated with bone wax, and 75% of the patients treated with Gelfoam paste, reported less postoperative pain than anticipated with the surgical procedure performed. PMID- 3446705 TI - Congenital hypertrophy of an intrinsic muscle of the foot. AB - Congenital hypertrophic muscles of the foot are rare and a search of the literature revealed only a few select cases on the subject. However, a case did present itself at Saint Michael's Medical Center involving a congenitally hypertrophic abductor digiti minimi muscle of the right foot. Surgical exploration also revealed slight abnormalities of the third and fourth plantar interosseous muscles. These muscles, however, were left intact because they were not symptomatic. There were no other hypertrophic muscles noticed on this foot and none in the opposite foot. Excision of the entire hypertrophic muscle eventually provided complete relief and allowed the patient to wear normal foot gear. This manuscript describes a case presentation of a single congenitally hypertrophic muscle with reference to its clinical evaluation and subsequent treatment. PMID- 3446706 TI - Herbert bone screw fixation of the Austin bunionectomy. AB - This manuscript represents an alternative method of fixation for the Austin bunionectomy using the Herbert bone screw. A description of the modified Austin bunionectomy and fixation utilizing this system is presented. A discussion of potential and encountered complications is included. Two hundred and four osteotomies were fixated with the Herbert bone screw in 182 patients, with follow up ranging from 6 months to 3 years. Early range of motion, rigid internal fixation with compression, and the elimination of pin tracks are the advantages of this method. PMID- 3446707 TI - Diagnostic imaging approach to calcaneal fractures. AB - An overview of the diagnostic imaging methods important to the accurate detection and characterization of calcaneal fractures is presented. Conventional radiography and tomography, as well as computed tomography with multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional image reconstruction, are discussed with reference to specific types of injuries. PMID- 3446708 TI - Fibrosarcoma of the foot. PMID- 3446709 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on a method of eliminating free hemoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 3446710 TI - [Surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch in neonates and early infancy]. PMID- 3446711 TI - [Intraoperative ESCP (evoked spinal cord potential) monitoring for detection of paraplegia following thoracic aorta cross-clamping]. PMID- 3446712 TI - [Electrophysiologic assessment before and after surgery for atrial defects: influence of volume overload of the right heart on the conduction system]. PMID- 3446713 TI - [Surgical repair of myocardial free wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3446714 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of liver function for the prognosis of postoperative multiple organ failure in cardiac valve surgery]. PMID- 3446715 TI - [Clinical study of peripheral hemodynamics during mechanical circulatory assistance--especially from the viewpoint of blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation]. PMID- 3446716 TI - [Experimental study on glomerular damage during extracorporeal circulation for open-heart surgery]. PMID- 3446717 TI - [A new endoscopic evaluation in a case of the "rasping" technic for aortic valve plasty]. PMID- 3446718 TI - [Successful surgical treatment for cor triatriatum in a newborn infant--a case report]. PMID- 3446719 TI - [A case report of bacterial endocarditis associated with mycotic aneurysm of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 3446720 TI - [Excellent growth in the bronchial anastomotic site after sleeve resection of the right main bronchus at 6 years of age]. PMID- 3446721 TI - [Five surgical cases of tricuspid atresia (type Ib)--modified Fontan-Kreutzer procedure]. PMID- 3446722 TI - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the intrathoracic segment of the esophagus. PMID- 3446724 TI - [An experimental and clinical study on catheter ablation for the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3446723 TI - [Modified Fontan procedure for right ventricular type of single ventricle]. PMID- 3446725 TI - [Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis of aortic valve]. PMID- 3446726 TI - [Long-term evaluation of a hydrogel patch used for a pericardial substitute]. PMID- 3446727 TI - [Comparative study of long-term results following isolated and combined aortic valve replacement with or without enlargement of aortic valve ring: 14-year follow-up studies on 68 patients with small aortic annuli]. PMID- 3446728 TI - [The effect of the alkalosis blood cardioplegia on ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 3446729 TI - [Lung biopsy diagnosis of operative indication in ventricular septal defect and/or patent ductus arteriosus with severe pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3446730 TI - [Dynamic exercise echography after mitral valve replacement]. PMID- 3446731 TI - [Four cases of aortic valve replacement in aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 3446733 TI - [40th meeting of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery. 6-8 October, Kanazawa. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446732 TI - [Successful two staged subclavian flap and Jatene procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries with coarctation of the aorta]. PMID- 3446735 TI - [60th meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Niigata, April 17 through 19, 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446734 TI - [60th meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society. Kanazawa, 12-15 October 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446736 TI - [25th meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. Sapporo, 7-9 October 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446737 TI - [Evaluation of post-operative prophylactic irradiation of carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 3446738 TI - [The clinical usefulness of serum SCC antigen level determinations in patients with malignant tumor]. PMID- 3446739 TI - [Application of silicone facial prostheses for the facial defect after total maxillectomy in maxillary cancer]. PMID- 3446740 TI - [Result of radiation therapy of stage I non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring]. PMID- 3446741 TI - [Radiotherapy of uterine cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 3446742 TI - Active surgical treatment of metastatic spinal tumor and primary spinal tumor. PMID- 3446743 TI - [22 years treatment of a case of heterochronous triple cancer at the gingiva of the mandible, maxilla and stomach]. PMID- 3446744 TI - [Glucocorticoid-induced release of small fragmented DNA from chick embryo liver nuclei]. PMID- 3446745 TI - Characterization of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus bacteriophage MAC-1. AB - The bacteriophage MAC-1, which specifically infects Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, was plaque purified and raised to high titre. The phage was purified by NaCl/polyethylene glycol precipitation, followed by two cycles of isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in CsCl. The purified phage exhibited a density of 1.363 g cm-3 and a sedimentation coefficient of 94S. Nucleic acid isolated from purified phage was resistant to hydrolysis under alkaline conditions and to digestion with RNAase, but it was hydrolysed by DNAase, providing evidence that the phage genome is made up of DNA. The lack of hyperchromic effect upon denaturation, hydrolysis of phage DNA by S1 nuclease, characteristic fluorescent staining with acridine orange, and resistance to digestion with a variety of restriction endonucleases are consistent with the DNA being single-stranded. A buoyant density of 1.722 g cm-3 and a sedimentation coefficient of 17.9S were obtained for the phage DNA. The molecular mass of phage DNA was determined as 1.58 MDa by agarose gel electrophoresis with single-stranded DNA as standards. Electron microscopy of the DNA showed that the genome is circular in nature. In addition, using Southern blots, the two replicative forms, RF1 (supercoiled) and RF2 (circular) have been identified and isolated from infected cell extracts. PMID- 3446746 TI - Genetic mapping of the bacitracin synthetase gene(s) in Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The map position of a mutation in the bacitracin synthetase gene(s) in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716 was determined by transduction with phage SP-15. Results indicate that it is linked to the lys and trp loci and is distinct from the known sporulation loci on the chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis. The defect(s) of the enzyme complex were analysed in terms of its ability to bind covalently 14C labelled amino acid precursors of the bacitracin molecule. PMID- 3446747 TI - Xanthan lyases--novel enzymes found in various bacterial species. AB - Xanthan lyases, cleaving the terminal beta-mannosidic linkage of the side-chain of the exopolysaccharide xanthan from Xanthomonas campestris, have been obtained from several sources. These include a Bacillus species, a Corynebacterium species and a mixed culture. The lyases were initially associated with endo-beta glucanases cleaving the main chain of xanthan. Partial purification of the enzymes was achieved and the Bacillus preparation was separated by FPLC into material free of endoglucanase and glycosidase activities. The lyase was active on polysaccharides with and without acetate and pyruvate. The optimal size of the substrate appeared to be in the range of degree of polymerization (DP) 25-35, i.e. 5-7 repeat units of the polysaccharide. No activity was found against xanthan modified by reduction of the carboxyl groups or by the addition of amine or hydroxyethyl groups. The combined action of the lyase and the endoglucanase yielded a series of oligosaccharides, each with a side-chain terminating in an unsaturated uronic acid and containing the molar ratio of D-glucose to D-mannose, 2:1. PMID- 3446748 TI - Purification and characterization of a 2-oxoglutarate-linked ATP-independent deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase of Streptomyces lactamdurans. AB - The deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) synthase (expandase) of Streptomyces lactamdurans was highly purified, as shown by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme catalysed the oxidative ring expansion that converts penicillin N into DAOC. The enzyme was very unstable but could be partially stabilized in 25 mM Tris/HCl, pH 9.0, in the presence of DTT (0.1 mM). The enzyme required 2 oxoglutarate, oxygen and Fe2+, but did not need ATP, ascorbic acid, Mg2+ or K+. The optimum temperature was between 25 and 30 degrees C. The DAOC synthase showed a high specificity for the penicillin substrate. Only penicillin N but not isopenicillin N, penicillin G or 6-aminopenicillanic acid served as substrates. 2 Oxoglutarate analogues were not used as substrates although 2-oxobutyrate and 3 oxoadipate inhibited the enzyme by 100% and 56% respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Co2+ and Zn2+. The apparent Km values for penicillin N, 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ were 52 microM, 3 microM and 71 microM respectively. The enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 27,000 Da +/- 1,000. PMID- 3446749 TI - The influence of various substances on the gliding motility of Mycoplasma mobile 163K. AB - Non-toxic concentrations of various substances were tested for their influence on the gliding motility of Mycoplasma mobile 163K. A significant inhibitory effect on motility was observed with agents acting on nucleic acid synthesis (mitomycin), protein synthesis (puromycin, chloramphenicol), energy metabolism (p chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetate) and with compounds reacting with the cytoplasmic membrane or contractile elements (albumin, cholesterol, EDTA, 2 propanol, procain, CaCl2, MgCl2, colchicin and KI). The surface-active compounds Triton X-100, Tego and SDS increased the gliding velocity significantly in some concentrations and incubation periods. The results suggest that the motility of M. mobile depends on a functional cytoplasmic membrane and that cytoskeletal elements are involved in the gliding mechanism. PMID- 3446750 TI - Adhesion of oral streptococci from a flowing suspension to uncoated and albumin coated surfaces. AB - A flow cell system was developed which allowed the study of bacterial adhesion to solid substrata at well-defined shear rates. In addition, the system enabled the solid surfaces to be coated with a proteinaceous film under exactly the same shear conditions. In this flow cell system, adhesion of three strains of oral streptococci from a phosphate-buffered solution onto three different substrata was studied as a function of time in the absence and presence of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating at a shear rate of 21 s-1. To obtain a wide range in surface free energies (gamma) representative strains (gamma b 38-117 mJ m-2) and solid substrata (gamma s 20-109 mJ m-2) were selected. The number of bacteria adhering was counted microscopically. In the absence of a BSA coating a linear relation was found between the number of bacteria adhering at saturation (nb,s) and the calculated interfacial free energy of adhesion (delta Fadh) for each of the three strains. In the presence of a BSA coating the number of bacteria adhering was greatly decreased in all cases. However, despite the presence of the BSA coating there was still a linear relation between the number of bacteria adhering at saturation and the interfacial free energy of adhesion, calculated on the basis of the surface free energy of the uncoated substrata. It can be concluded that the bare, uncoated substratum still influenced bacterial adhesion in spite of the marked influence of a BSA coating. PMID- 3446751 TI - The estimation of personal exposures to air pollutants for a community-based study of health effects in asthmatics--exposure model. PMID- 3446752 TI - Four common diagnostic problems that inhibit radon mitigation. PMID- 3446754 TI - [88th meeting of the Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology. 14-16 May 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446753 TI - Hazardous pollutants in class II landfills. PMID- 3446755 TI - [Fluorescent findings of the facial nerve at decompression operation]. PMID- 3446756 TI - [Experimental study of round window membrane rupture]. PMID- 3446757 TI - [Polymerization of Japanese cedar pollen antigen]. PMID- 3446758 TI - [Mechanical properties of the trachea--a fundamental study]. PMID- 3446759 TI - [Paranasal sinus-operations using an endoscope, especially in patients with sinusitis]. PMID- 3446760 TI - [The role of type I allergy in otitis media with effusion]. PMID- 3446761 TI - [Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of acoustic neuroma- comparative study with plain X-ray and CTS]. PMID- 3446762 TI - [Dissociation phenomenon occurring between olfactory detection threshold and recognition threshold and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3446763 TI - [Electrocochleographic study in the guinea pigs immunized with type II collagen]. PMID- 3446764 TI - [Coulometric determination of pharmaceutical substances in non-aqueous media]. PMID- 3446765 TI - Modulation of the release of naproxen from calcium phosphate monoliths. PMID- 3446766 TI - Spectrophotometric assay of dopamine hydrochloride injection using thiosemicarbazide. PMID- 3446767 TI - [Determination of free and glucuronide conjugated estrogens by HPLC in a urinary biological medium]. PMID- 3446768 TI - Effects of methyl (+)(3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-methyl-beta-carboline-2- carbodithioate (THC), a new hepatoprotective agent, on acute liver injuries induced by various hepatotoxic substances in mice and rats. AB - The effects of oral administration of methyl (+)(3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3 hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline-2-carbodith ioate (THC) on acute liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), bromobenzene (B.B.), D-galactosamine (GALN) and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats and allyl alcohol (A.A.) in mice were studied. THC suppressed the elevation of plasma transaminase activities and hepatic lipid contents induced by CCl4 in rats when the animals were treated with THC for 4 consecutive days simultaneously with CCl4 administration. THC also suppressed the elevation of hepatic lipid contents induced by the 4 d-treatment of rats with CCl4 when administered for 4 consecutive days from the next day after treatment with CCl4. This effect of THC was histopathologically confirmed. In addition, pretreatment with THC protected rats against liver injuries induced by B.B., GALN, and ANIT, but not against A.A. in mice. This protection was evident from the suppression of elevated activities of plasma transaminase and/or elevated contents of hepatic lipid induced by these hepatotoxic substances. Furthermore, THC inhibited the formation of lipid peroxide in rat liver microsomes with an IC50 of 3.2 microM. These results suggested that THC protected rats against liver injuries induced by CCl4, B.B., GALN and ANIT and had a protective effect on the microsomal membrane against lipid peroxide in vitro. PMID- 3446769 TI - Glycoprotein receptors to wheat germ agglutinin on the surface of murine macrophages. AB - Peritoneal macrophages elicited in various ways exhibited marked wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-dependent cytolytic activity against MM46 cells [nearly 100% lysis at effector to target ratio (E/T) = 40], while macrophage cell lines J774.1 and WEHI-3 cells showed less activity (-25% at E/T = 0.63-2.5) and no cytolysis (E/T = 40), respectively. Studies on the kinetics of WGA-binding showed that peritoneal macrophages had an association constant (Ka) of 0.09-0.18 X 10(6) M-1 and the number of their binding sites (N) was 2-7.7 X 10(7)/cell, while the Ka and N values of J774.1 and WEHI-3 cells were 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 and 4.1 X 10(7)/cell and 0.6 X 10(6) M-1 and 5.4 X 10(7)/cell, respectively. On the other hand, cytolytic target MM46 cells showed values of 0.27 X 10(6) M-1 and 1.8 X 10(8)/cell. Lower affinities and moderate numbers of binding sites coincided with the efficient WGA-dependent cytolytic activities of the effector cells. The surface of peritoneal macrophages and J774.1 and MM46 cells was iodinated, the cells lysed, the lysates fractionated on a WGA-Sepharose column and the WGA binding surface-glycoproteins in GlcNAc-specific fractions of the eluate were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Peritoneal macrophages gave three major bands of 153 kilo dalton (kDa), 140 and 90 kDa proteins, whereas J774.1 and MM46 cells both gave 6 bands of very similar molecular weights and intensities that were quite unlike those of peritoneal macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446770 TI - Transport mechanism of cephalexin in isolated hepatocytes. AB - By using isolated rat hepatocytes, the mechanism of uptake of a zwitterionic beta lactam antibiotic, cephalexin, was clarified. The uptake followed the combination of saturable carrier-mediated and nonsaturable first-order rate processes. The kinetic parameters were estimated as follows (mean +/- SD): maximum uptake rate (Vmax), 2.28 +/- 0.24 nmol/min/mg of protein; Michaelis constant (Kt), 6.28 +/- 0.31 mM and first-order rate constant (kd), 0.11 +/- 0.012 nmol/min/mg of protein/mM. There was no inhibitory effect by amino acids, dipeptides or organic cations, whereas an organic anion, probenecid, markedly inhibited the hepatic uptake of cephalexin. Several beta-lactam antibiotics including zwitterionic and anionic derivatives inhibited cephalexin uptake significantly. The inhibition kinetics revealed that benzylpenicillin and the stereo-isomer l-cephalexin competitively inhibited cephalexin uptake. Furthermore, the efflux of cephalexin from the cells was stimulated by adding benzylpenicillin in the extracellular medium. These results demonstrated that all beta-lactam antibiotics have a common transport system with an organic anion such as probenecid, irrespective of their ionic charges, though a cationic charge on the molecule is less advantageous for being recognized by the carrier system. PMID- 3446771 TI - A new forced swimming test for the evaluation of antidepressants in rats by recording vibration of a water tank. AB - In order to more objectively evaluate drug effects in the forced swimming test proposed by Porsolt et al. as a screening method for antidepressants, vibrations of the wall of a tank caused by rats trying to escape from water were recorded. Locomotor activity was also measured in an activity cage. Male Wistar rats were forced to swim once daily for 15 min in a tank of 25 degrees C water filled to a depth of 20 cm. After 4 d sessions of swimming, drugs were administered i.p. 3 times (24, 5 and 1 h prior to the test session). On day 5, 45 min after the last injection of a test drug, locomotor activity was measured for 15 min and then the rat was subjected to the forced swimming test. All antidepressants tested, dose dependently increased tank vibration. Nomifensine, atropine, methamphetamine, chlorpheniramine and diazepam increased locomotor activity. The remaining drugs had no effect or reduced locomotion. In addition, the pattern of the tank vibrations, caused by rats treated with most drugs, like atropine, showed a burst during the first 5 min followed by sporadic vibrations. Nomifensine and methamphetamine, on the other hand, caused vibrations throughout the 15 min test session. A specific effect of antidepressants was revealed by this forced swimming test in combination with the measurement of locomotor activity. PMID- 3446772 TI - Host-mediated antitumor effect of grifolan NMF-5N, a polysaccharide obtained from Grifola frondosa. AB - The antitumor mechanism of grifolan NMF-5N, a beta-1,3-glucan obtained from mycelia of Grifola frondosa, was examined. Grifolan NMF-5N did not show direct cytocidal effect on cultured tumor cells. However, intraperitoneal injection of grifolan NMF-5N increased the number of peritoneal exudate cells and peritoneal adherent cells which showed cytostatic activity towards syngeneic tumor cells. In an in vivo assay, the administration of carrageenan, an inhibitor of macrophage function, reduced the antitumor activity of grifolan NMF-5N. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was augmented in the grifolan NMF-5N-administered mice. The administration of NMF-5N augmented the induction of cytotoxic T cells but the antitumor activity of grifolan NMF-5N was reduced in athymic nu/nu mice. In addition, the treatment with anti-Thy 1,2 antibody and complement C' of spleen cells taken from mice which showed regression of tumor due to grifolan NMF-5N, reduced the neutralizing effect in Winn assay. These results suggested that grifolan NMF-5N shows antitumor activity via host-mediated mechanisms and both macrophages and T cells play important roles in the mechanisms. PMID- 3446773 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in humans. AB - A major metabolite of carbamazepine (CBZ), CBZ-10, 11-epoxide (EPO), has been reported to possess anticonvulsant properties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to develop a pharmacokinetic model to predict the behavior of EPO in the body after administration of CBZ. The serum concentration-time curves after oral administration of solution of CBZ (200 mg) or EPO (150 mg) in six healthy subjects showed the characteristic "nose", suggesting that disposition of CBZ or EPO could be described by the two-compartment model. The kinetic parameters of disposition for CBZ and EPO were calculated by the method of Wagner, assuming the absolute bioavailabilities of CBZ and EPO to be 1.0 and 0.81, respectively. Total body clearance and elimination rate constant of EPO were very much larger than those of the parent drug but there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution volume between CBZ and EPO. The formation rate of EPO was calculated by a deconvolution method, and obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Based on these findings, a pharmacokinetic model of the fate of CBZ and EPO in humans was developed and the time courses of CBZ and EPO in serum after oral administration of three tablet preparations and a solution containing 200 mg of CBZ were simultaneously fitted to this model by solving the differential equations by the Runge-Kutta-Gill method. There was good agreement between calculated and observed serum values, suggesting that the present model is appropriate to describe the formation and disposition of EPO from CBZ. The formation rate constant of EPO (Vmax/Km/V1) was approximately one fifteenth of the elimination rate constant of EPO. This suggested a flip-flop model in which the formation of EPO was rate-limiting in humans. The observation that the serum concentrations of EPO after administration of CBZ were one-tenth to one-twentieth of those of the parent drug was well explained by the flip-flop kinetics of EPO, together with the large differences in total body clearance and elimination rate constant between CBZ and EPO. PMID- 3446774 TI - Enhancement of transdermal delivery by superfluous thermodynamic potential. II. In vitro-in vivo correlation of percutaneous nifedipine transport. AB - Nifedipine was selected as a representative compound to investigate a method for improving transdermal bioavailability. The general strategy explored to improve the percutaneous transport of nifedipine was the manipulation of thermodynamics of the drug substance by the use of volatile/nonvolatile systems as vehicles. To investigate the potential of the strategy, diffusion studies were conducted using an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) membrane and full-thickness excised abdominal skin of rats. Little penetration through EVA membrane or rat skin was found either from the volatile solvent ethanol (EtOH) or from the nonvolatile solvent diethyl sebacate (DES). When the vehicle was changed to a mixed solvent containing both EtOH and DES in a volume ratio of 75:25, penetration through EVA membrane or rat skin was increased up to 3 to 4 times, compared with those values for DES. The increase in the penetration was accounted for by the increase in the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the nonvolatile vehicle caused by the evaporation of the volatile component. The bioavailability of percutaneous nifedipine in rats was determined from the drug solutions containing different proportions of EtOH and DES. Once again, the highest bioavailability was achieved from the mixed solvent containing EtOH and DES in a volume ratio of 75:25. The area under the plasma nifedipine concentration-time curve for the mixed solvent was higher by about 4 times than that for DES. PMID- 3446775 TI - A method for the preparation of calibration curves for acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate in rabbit urine without use of authentic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the preparation of calibration curves for acetaminophen glucuronide (NAPAG) and acetaminophen sulfate (NAPAS) in rabbit urine without use of authentic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography was examined. Rabbits were dosed intravenously with acetaminophen (NAPA, 30 mg/kg). Urine was collected and diluted. A plot of the peak area ratio of NAPAG to internal standard against NAPA concentration after the hydrolysis of diluted urine with beta-glucuronidase was linear and passed through the origin. A linear tendency was also observed in the plot of the peak area ratio of NAPAS to internal standard against NAPA concentration calculated by the difference between the peak area ratio of NAPA after the hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and that with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. Thus, once the calibration curve has been prepared following the enzyme hydrolysis of NAPAG and NAPAS, then the concentration of NAPAG and NAPAS in the sample solution can be calculated from the peak of NAPAG and NAPAS, respectively. The method is simple, and has the advantage that pure standards of the individual NAPA metabolites are not required. PMID- 3446776 TI - Maturation of the respiratory response to acute hypoxia in the newborn rat. AB - 1. We used a non-invasive method to measure the breathing of conscious newborn rat pups continuously and studied the maturation of the respiratory response to reductions in inspired O2 fraction (FI,O2) from 0.21 to 0.15, 0.12 or 0.08 for 6 min. Newborn rats, like many other species, showed a "biphasic" respiratory response, ventilation (VE) increasing during the first 1-2 min of hypoxia (phase 1) and then falling towards control, or below it, over the next 4 min (phase 2). 2. The secondary fall in VE decreased with age up to 14 days. The presence of a significant fall in VE in phase 2 depended on the FI,O2 to which the pups were exposed acutely; the lower the FI,O2 the greater the age at which a biphasic VE response was observed. 3. Our results are discussed in terms of two opposing components which determine VE during acute hypoxia in the neonate: (a) a fast arterial chemoreceptor-mediated stimulation of VE and (b) a slower central nervous component which inhibits VE, possibly a persistence of a suprapontine mechanism which inhibits fetal breathing movements during hypoxia in utero. Both of these components undergo maturation after birth. PMID- 3446777 TI - Effects of chronic hypoxia from birth on the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia in the newborn rat. AB - 1. Newborn rats and their mothers were exposed from birth in a normobaric environmental chamber to an inspired O2 fraction (FI,O2) of 0.13-0.15 for 5-10 weeks. 2. The respiratory response to reducing FI,O2 to 0.12 or 0.08 for 6 min was measured in the conscious chronically hypoxic rat pups on post-natal days 5 and 14 and again at 5-10 weeks of age. On days 5 and 14 the responses were compared to those of normoxic control pups also exposed acutely to an FI,O2 of 0.12 or 0.08. 3. No significant respiratory response to the acute reduction in FI,O2 was found in the chronically hypoxic pups on post-natal days 5 and 14, whereas the normoxic pups showed a "biphasic" respiratory response on day 5 and a sustained ('adult') response on day 14. A "biphasic" respiratory response to an FI,O2 of 0.08, but not to an FI,O2 of 0.12, was seen in the chronically hypoxic pups at 5-10 weeks of age. 4. At 5-10 weeks recordings from the carotid sinus nerve were made in anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rats. The isocapnic hypoxic response curves of chronically hypoxic rats were not significantly different from those of age-matched normoxic rats. 5. Our results suggest that limiting the rise in arterial O2 pressure which usually occurs at birth alters the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia by post-natal day 5 and this alteration is still evident at 5-10 weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446778 TI - Factors affecting the microclimate pH in rat jejunum. AB - 1. Single-barrelled pH-sensitive microelectrodes filled with liquid ion exchanger were used to study the layer of microclimate pH in the vicinity of the surface of rat jejunum in vitro. 2. During perfusion with a Na+-containing solution of pH 7.30, a layer having a pH gradient ranging from 7.30 (pH of the luminal bulk phase) to 6.05 +/- 0.03 (pH of the deepest region) was detected in eighteen different animals. The thickness of the layer was estimated to be 600-700 microns. No regional difference was seen along the height of the villus. 3. The addition of D-glucose to the perfusion solution significantly augmented the acidity of the deepest region without changing the thickness of the layer. On the other hand, the elimination of Na+ from the perfusion solution caused a significant reduction of the pH gradient. The lowest pH changed from a control value of 6.18 +/- 0.15 (n = 13 measurements from three animals) to 6.46 +/- 0.06 (n = 13). The gradient was sensitive to amiloride in the presence of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- had no significant effect on the microclimate pH. 4. Depletion of the surface mucus by treatment with dithiothreitol significantly raised the pH of the deepest region. 5. Glycylglycine and L-carnosine were found to reduce the microclimate pH gradient significantly, while glycine did not. 6. These results indicate that H+ secretion by the Na+-H+ antiport and the formation of mucus layer are important factors for maintaining the microclimate pH layer, and that H+-coupled co-transport, such as H+-dipeptide co-transport, causes a significant diminution of the microclimate pH gradient. PMID- 3446779 TI - Thresholds to chromatic spots of cells in the macaque geniculate nucleus as compared to detection sensitivity in man. AB - 1. The relation between wavelength and psychophysical threshold for chromatic spots on a white background provides evidence for the existence of chromatic channels in the primate visual system. To find the physiological substrate of this task, we compared increment thresholds of different cell types in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus with human psychophysical thresholds to the same stimuli, using two spot sizes, 4 and 0.4 deg. 2. At different wavelengths, different opponent cell classes in the parvocellular layers of the nucleus were most sensitive, so that at long wavelengths (greater than 600 nm) red on-centre cells were most sensitive, while at short wavelengths (less than 500 nm) S-cone, blue on-centre cells were most sensitive, from 500 to about 550 nm green on centre cells being most sensitive. A rare cell type with inhibition from S-cones was most sensitive at about 570 nm, although its maximum contrast increment sensitivity was poor compared with that of other cell types. Variation in strength of cone opponency caused a considerable range in threshold in each of the opponent cell classes of the parvocellular layers. 3. On- and off-centre cells from the magnocellular layers were more sensitive than opponent cells to white and yellow spots (as is the case with achromatic gratings). 4. With different wavelengths and spot sizes, the most sensitive cells found approached (to within 0.1-0.3 log units) human psychophysical sensitivity, suggesting that the most sensitive cells available may underlie detection. 5. Measurements of psychophysical chromatic discrimination thresholds, both with nearly monochromatic spots and with spots of differing saturation (purity), support this hypothesis. When magnocellular cell sensitivity corresponded to psychophysical threshold, a suprathreshold stimulus, capable of activating opponent cells, was required for chromatic discrimination. PMID- 3446780 TI - Myogenic electrical control activity in longitudinal muscle of human and dog colon. AB - 1. The myogenic electrical activities of longitudinal muscle cells of the dog and human colon were investigated using intracellular microelectrodes. 2. The resting membrane potentials of dog and human longitudinal muscle cells at the serosal side of the muscle layer were -49.4 +/- 0.9 and -44.8 +/- 1.3 mV respectively. 3. Spontaneous electrical activity consisted of electrical oscillations of 13.7 +/- 1.1 mV and 8.6 +/- 2.1 mV amplitude, and 19.8 +/- 1.0 cycles/min and 26.1 +/- 1.6 cycles/min frequency for dog and human cells respectively. 4. Spiking activity only occurred superimposed on the electrical oscillations; the mean rate of rise of spikes was approximately 150 mV/s in the dog and approximately 260 mV/s in human cells and that of the oscillations was approximately 18 mV/s in the dog and approximately 16 mV in human cells. 5. Spiking activity was abolished by calcium influx blockers and 0.01 mM-calcium Krebs solution. The amplitude of the electrical oscillations was reduced to 0.2-1.0 mV 30 min after calcium influx blockade or 30 min in 0.01 mM-calcium Krebs solution. 6. Because of the high frequency of the oscillation-spike complexes, there was summation of associated contractile events in such a way that contraction frequency corresponded to frequency of bursts of oscillations and not to the frequency of the individual oscillations. 7. The resting membrane potential of the longitudinal muscle cells at the myenteric plexus side of the layer was -44.9 +/- 1.0 mV, significantly lower than at the serosal side. 8. A gradient in membrane potential and slow-wave amplitude exists in circular muscle of dog colon, with the highest value at the mucosal side (-68.4 and 28.1 mV respectively) and the lowest at the myenteric side (-62.5 and 8.6 mV) of the muscle layer. 9. Differences between resting membrane potential and electrical activity of longitudinal and circular muscle cells of the dog colon measured at the myenteric side of both muscle layers suggests absence of electrotonic coupling between the two types of cells. 10. Similarity of resting membrane potentials of longitudinal and circular muscle of the human colon suggests possible electronic coupling. 11. Since the electrical oscillations in longitudinal muscle control occurrence of spiking activity and type of contraction, they may be called 'electrical control activity'. PMID- 3446781 TI - Role of sodium and potassium permeabilities in the depolarization of denervated rat muscle fibres. AB - 1. Na+ and K+ flux measurements and membrane potential (Vm) determinations were performed on normal and denervated rat extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscles. 2. The mean Vm in normal muscle fibres was -74.6 mV. During the first week after denervation Vm fell about 20 mV following an S-shaped time course. 3. In that period the Na+ permeability (PNa) increased and the K+ permeability (PK) decreased, so that by the sixth day post-denervation, the PNa/PK ratio was increased by a factor of 2.7. 4. The decrease in PK preceded the increase in PNa. 5. No major contribution to the fall of Vm by a reduced activity of an electrogenic Na+ pump could be detected. 6. A good agreement was found between the experimental values of the depolarization and those calculated using the constant-field equation assuming Cl- is at equilibrium and no significant change of the intracellular K+ concentration ([K+]i) during the first week after denervation. 7. It is concluded that the depolarization promoted by denervation in e.d.l. rat muscle fibres can be fully explained in terms of changes in PNa and PK. PMID- 3446782 TI - The discharges of cerebellar Golgi cells during locomotion in the cat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings have been obtained from 134 units in the paravermal cortex of lobule V in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in free-to-move cats. Each unit discharged action potentials in a characteristic pattern with no complex spikes. Previous investigators have described such discharges and have assigned them to Golgi cells. We provide further evidence to support this identification. 2. In cats which were sitting quietly, each putative Golgi cell discharged tonically at a low rate (overall mean (+/- S.D.) was 14.5 +/- 7.3 spikes/s). Eighty-one of the neurones were also recorded during steady walking on a moving belt and the discharge rate then averaged 17.7 (S.D. +/- 19.4) spikes/s. 3. All eighty-one putative Golgi cells discharged rhythmically during locomotion. Many different patterns of discharge were seen but as a population the neurons were most active in early stance and at the onset of the swing phase of the step cycle in the ipsilateral forelimb. 4. Over a range of different walking speeds (0.5-0.9 m/s) and of different uphill inclines (0-25 deg), putative Golgi cells discharged with similar patterns and rates, despite large changes in the vigour of the locomotor movements and in the amplitude of limb muscle electromyograms. 5. Groups of putative Golgi cells and of Purkinje cells recorded from restricted cortical regions produced discharges which fluctuated approximately in parallel during locomotion. However, a comparison of the activity patterns of pairs of closely adjacent Golgi and Purkinje cells revealed a wide variety of phase relations. The possible role of Golgi cells in determining the Purkinje cell output is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 3446783 TI - The role of membrane depolarization in the contractile response of the rabbit basilar artery to 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - 1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10(-9)-10(-4) M) depolarized and contracted smooth muscle cells (resting potential: -69.1 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 112) in isolated cylindrical segments of the rabbit basilar artery. 2. Simultaneous measurement of membrane potential and wall tension (n = 43, thirteen vessels) showed that the onset of 5-HT-induced depolarization coincided with the onset of smooth muscle contraction in the majority of cells studied. In addition, the onset of relaxation which followed the wash-out of 5-HT always preceded the onset of membrane repolarization by 52 +/- 8 s (n = 14). 3. In 30% of smooth muscle cells exposed to concentrations of 5-HT greater than 10(-6) M, fast rhythmic depolarizations (amplitude 10-20 mV) were superimposed on the developing depolarization. Rhythmic membrane depolarization was always followed by rhythmic smooth muscle contraction, which peaked 2-4 s after the peak of the fast depolarization. 4. Muscle contraction, but not depolarization, produced with concentrations of 5-HT greater than 10(-7) M, was significantly increased by the removal of intimal-endothelial cells. 5. Smooth muscle depolarization recorded in the presence of increased extracellular K+ (greater than 5.2 mM) preceded the onset of smooth muscle contraction. For a similar change in membrane potential produced with either increased extracellular K+ or 5-HT, the corresponding increase in arterial wall tension was always greater with 5-HT. 6. The depolarization and contraction induced by 5-HT was markedly reduced or abolished if extracellular Na+ was totally replaced, isosmotically, with either sucrose or Tris at pH 7.4. Normal-sized contraction, but not depolarization, was recorded with 5-HT in Na+-free Tris solution at pH 8. 7. These observations suggest that 5 HT-stimulated contraction in cerebrovascular smooth muscle is largely a result of mechanisms other than depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane which it produces. However, high concentrations of 5-HT (greater than 10(-6) M) can stimulate additional depolarization, which has a faster time course and rhythmic nature. Discrete depolarizations of this type are responsible for initiating additional, phasic smooth muscle contractions. PMID- 3446784 TI - Function of the Y optic nerve fibres in the cat: do they contribute to acuity and ability to discriminate fast motion? AB - 1. A controlled pressure block has been applied to the optic nerve of the cat, sufficient to bring about degeneration of the axons of the large (Y) nerve fibres caudal to the block site. This degeneration has been monitored by means of implanted electrodes in optic nerve and tract which have shown a loss of the short-latency (t1) response 4-6 days after the block, and also by histological examination of the optic nerve. 2. Cats with one optic nerve blocked in this way have been used in behavioural experiments, one or other eye being covered during the tests. Tested via the blocked nerve, all cats with loss of only Y fibres could perform certain tests: the visual placing reaction, the blink reflex, the pupillary (light) reflex and simple manoeuvres such as walking a plank and jumping from table to floor. 3. When acuity was tested by means of the Mitchell jumping apparatus, cats with loss of only Y fibres showed the same acuity using either eye. This was true also of one cat in which many X fibres had also degenerated, as evidenced by a 55% loss of the medium-latency (t2) response, but in another cat with 90% loss of the t2 response acuity was reduced to about half normal. 4. Ability to discriminate fast motion was tested by a modification of the Mitchell apparatus. All cats were able to discriminate the motion of an 11.5 deg spot up to a velocity of 6260 deg/s, whether using their normal eye or their affected eye. However, the loss of the Y fibres reduced the ability to discriminate fast motion, so that for any given level of contrast the velocity which could be discriminated was about two-thirds of the velocity discriminated using the normal eye. The ability of the cat to discriminate fast motion seems to be similar to that of the human. 5. These results suggest that there is no sharp restriction of function between the Y and X systems but instead considerable overlap. However, each system possesses specialized features giving it superiority in certain conditions. PMID- 3446785 TI - The role of frequency in the effects of long-term intermittent stimulation of denervated slow-twitch muscle in the rat. AB - 1. Rat soleus muscle was denervated by sciatic transection and electrically stimulated for periods of between 3 and 9 weeks with intermittent 1 s bursts of pulses. Most of the bursts were either repeated every 90 s and pulses within them had frequencies between 10 and 100 Hz, or had a frequency of 50 Hz and were repeated at intervals between 60 and 600 s. Comparisons were made with continuous stimulation at 10 Hz. 2. At the end of the period of stimulation, isometric twitches and tetani were measured and, in a proportion, also isotonic shortening velocity. 3. Isometric twitch duration (contraction and relaxation) decreased with time of stimulation. Very similar effects were seen in all animals in which intermittent stimulation had been used. There was a significant relationship between the change in twitch duration and the frequency used within the bursts of chronic stimulation, with slightly larger effects at frequencies of 40 and 60 Hz. The lowest burst repetition rate produced the largest effects. 4. It was confirmed that similar changes were found in denervated muscles that were not stimulated, although these changes were smaller and developed more slowly. 5. The extreme loss of tetanic tension induced in the muscle by denervation was reduced by chronic stimulation, with no significant difference between different regimes, although there were small differences which showed the same patterns of effectiveness described for twitch durations. 6. Continuous stimulation at 10 Hz maintained the twitch contraction and relaxation phases at the values found 3 weeks after denervation, that is it prevented secondary shortening of the twitch. Continuous stimulation reduced tension loss but was, perhaps, less effective than intermittent stimulation. 7. Twitch-tetanus ratio increased with denervation with little spontaneous reversal later. Stimulation at all frequencies reduced the ratio, but it did not reach normal values. 8. Isotonic shortening velocity was measured in many of the muscles. Maximum velocity was estimated and normalized by muscle length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3446786 TI - A gamma-aminobutyric-acid-mediated inhibition of neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made from 123 synaptically activated neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the chloralose-anaesthetized cat. 2. Ninety-one neurones were activated by electrical stimulation of cardiac or pulmonary vagal branches and thirty-two by stimulation of the aortic nerve. 3. Ionophoretic application of GABA abolished or markedly reduced the evoked or spontaneous activity of each neurone tested. These inhibitory effects were antagonized by the simultaneous ionophoretic application of bicuculline. 4. Glycine inhibited the evoked activity of 60% of neurones tested. This inhibition could be antagonized by the simultaneous application of strychnine. 5. Application of bicuculline alone increased the evoked or spontaneous activity of a large proportion of the neurones; strychnine alone had no significant effect on the evoked or spontaneous activity of the neurones. 6. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that GABA acts as an inhibitory transmitter substance within the nucleus tractus solitarius. PMID- 3446787 TI - The effects of stimulating carotid chemoreceptors on renal haemodynamics and function in dogs. AB - 1. Dogs were anaesthetized with chloralose and artificially ventilated. The carotid chemoreceptors were stimulated by changing the perfusion of vascularly isolated carotid sinus regions from arterial to venous blood. The mean carotid sinus pressure and the mean arterial blood pressure were held constant at 124 +/- 3 and 122 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively. Both vagosympathetic trunks were sectioned in the neck and propranolol (17 micrograms kg-1 min-1 I.V.) and gallamine triethiodide (0.2-2.0 mg kg-1 30 min-1 I.V.) were infused. Renal blood flow was measured by an electromagnetic flow probe, glomerular filtration rate by creatinine clearance, sodium excretion by flame photometry and solute excretion by osmometry. 2. In sixteen tests in thirteen dogs perfusion of the carotid sinus regions with venous blood resulted in significant decreases in renal blood flow from 271 +/- 24 to 198 +/- 21 ml min-1 100 g-1 renal mass; glomerular filtration rate from 41.0 +/- 4.8 to 22.1 +/- 3.1 ml min-1 100 g-1; filtration fraction from 0.25 +/- 0.02 to 0.19 +/- 0.02; urine flow from 0.48 +/- 1.0 to 0.21 +/- 0.03 ml min-1 100 g-1; sodium excretion from 18.1 +/- 4.1 to 12.9 +/- 4.2 mumol min-1 100 g-1; and osmolar excretion 327 +/- 42 to 171 +/- 26 mu osmol min-1 100 g-1. The right atrial pressure did not change significantly from 4.6 +/- 1.2 cmH2O. 3. In seven dogs, tying renal sympathetic nerves abolished all the responses except that of sodium excretion which was now reversed; sodium excretion increased from 68 +/- 19 to 116 +/- 38 mumol min-1 100 g-1 without significant change in right atrial pressure from 7.4 +/- 1.9 cmH2O. Crushing the carotid bodies, however, abolished all the responses. 4. The results show that carotid chemoreceptor stimulation can cause significant reflex effects on renal haemodynamics and function which are mediated via renal sympathetic nerves. They also show that the chemoreceptor stimulation can cause natriuresis in the absence of haemodynamic changes, in the denervated kidney, presumably via a humoral factor. PMID- 3446788 TI - Cardiovascular responses evoked from the fastigial region of the cerebellum in anaesthetized and decerebrate rabbits. AB - 1. The rostral and caudal regions of the fastigial nucleus (f.n.) in both anaesthetized and decerebrate rabbits have been stimulated electrically while monitoring phrenic nerve activity, heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow to the kidney and hindlimb in addition to recording renal sympathetic nerve activity. 2. Stimulation of the rostral region of the f.n. in the anaesthetized and decerebrate rabbit produced a silencing of phrenic nerve discharge, either no change in heart rate or a vagally mediated bradycardia and a pressor response associated with vasoconstriction in both renal and femoral beds which resulted from an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone. 3. Stimulation of the caudal region of the f.n. in the anaesthetized rabbit evoked apnoea and a bradycardia which was partially attenuated by vagal blockade. Also, a depressor response was obtained with no change in renal vascular resistance, a transient inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve discharge and a vasodilation in the hindlimb resulting from the withdrawal of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. In contrast, electrical stimulation of the same site in the unanaesthetized decerebrate rabbit evoked an increase in central inspiratory drive, a tachycardia and a pressor response with vasoconstriction in both vascular beds. The cardiac and vascular responses were abolished after sympathetic blockade. 4. Administration of a small dose of anaesthetic to the decerebrate preparation did not affect the direction of the cardiovascular or central respiratory responses evoked from the rostral f.n. but reversed the pattern of response elicited from the caudal f.n. to that seen in the intact anaesthetized rabbit. 5. The results of the present study suggest the existence of two separate regions associated with the f.n. which can influence the cardiovascular system in the rabbit. Furthermore, it would seem that the cardiovascular responses evoked from the vicinity of the caudal and rostral poles of the f.n. are mediated by two distinct pathways which might suggest two separate functional roles for the cerebellum in cardiovascular control in the rabbit. PMID- 3446789 TI - Two types of 'slow waves' in intestinal smooth muscle of cat. AB - 1. Smooth muscle from cat small intestine shows two types of spontaneous slow electrical waves in the frequency range of 10-15 min-1. One type of slow wave is a ouabain-sensitive, atropine-insensitive spontaneous oscillation. The other type of wave can be induced by acetylcholine (ACh), is blocked by atropine, and is not blocked by ouabain. 2. Ouabain-sensitive slow waves rise directly from the baseline, are near sinusoidal and may or may not have spikes. ACh-induced waves have pre-potentials, are usually topped by spikes and show after hyperpolarization. 3. The two types of rhythmic wave differ in ionic and metabolic requirements and drug sensitivity. Ouabain-sensitive waves occur only in intestinal muscle attached to a boundary layer containing interstitial cells; ACh-induced waves can occur in strips of muscle lacking boundary cells. 4. Na+ pump inhibitors ouabain, cold and K+-free solution, reduce amplitude but not frequency of ouabain-sensitive slow waves. 5. The ACh-induced waves require higher extracellular concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ and can occur in preparations in Li+-Krebs solution; the ouabain-sensitive rhythm persists in lower concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ and is not supported by Li+. The ouabain-sensitive waves are more sensitive to cyanide and less sensitive to cooling than the ACh induced waves. 6. Guinea-pig intestine shows only one type of rhythmic wave, which is atropine sensitive and resembles in shape the ACh-induced wave of other species. Ouabain increases the frequency of the guinea-pig rhythm. 7. It is concluded that intestinal muscle of most mammals, but not of guinea-pig, is capable of two types of slow electrical rhythms. PMID- 3446790 TI - Difference in the amplitude of the human soleus H reflex during walking and running. AB - 1. The Hoffman reflex, or H reflex, was strongly modulated in the human soleus muscle during both walking (4 km/h) and running (8 km/h). It was relatively low at the time of heel contact, increased progressively during the stance phase, and reached its maximum amplitude late in the stance phase. During ankle dorsiflexion the H reflex was absent. 2. During running the peak e.m.g. level of the soleus was on average 2.4 times higher than during walking but the maximum amplitude of the H reflex was never larger than during walking. In fact, the H reflex was on average significantly (P less than 0.05 for one-tailed t test) smaller during running than during walking. Furthermore, the slope of the least-squares line fitted to the relation between the H reflex amplitude and the background e.m.g. was always steeper for the walking data than for the running data. 3. The difference in the H reflex in the two tasks is evidence that the size of the H reflex is not simply a passive consequence of the alpha-motoneurone excitation level, as indicated by the e.m.g., but is also influenced by other central neural mechanisms. We suggest that presynaptic inhibition is the most likely mechanism accounting for the change in the slope. 4. The modulation of the reflexes during walking and running can be interpreted in terms of the idea of automatic gain compensation. The decreased gain during running may be appropriate to reduce saturation of motor output and potential instability of the stretch reflex feed back loop. PMID- 3446791 TI - Transient tension changes initiated by laser temperature jumps in rabbit psoas muscle fibres. AB - 1. A technique was developed to generate 2-8 degrees C step temperature perturbations (T-jumps) in single muscle fibres to study the thermodynamics of muscle contraction. A solid-state pulsed holmium laser emitting at 2.065 microns heated the fibre and surrounding solution in approximately 150 mus. The signal from a 100 microns thermocouple fed back to a heating wire maintained the elevated temperature after the laser pulse. 2. Tension of glycerol-extracted muscle fibres from rabbit psoas muscle did not change significantly following T jumps when the fibre was relaxed. 3. In rigor, tension decreased abruptly on heating indicating normal (not rubber-like) thermoelasticity. The thermoelastic coefficient (negative ratio of relative length change to relative temperature change) of the fibre was estimated to be -0.021 at sarcomere lengths of 2.5-2.8 microns. Rigor tension was constant after the temperature step and returned to the original value on recooling. 4. In maximal Ca2+ activation, tension transients initiated by T-jumps had several phases. An immediate tension decrease suggests that thermoelasticity during contraction is similar to that in rigor. Active tension then recovered to the value before the T-jump with an apparent rate constant of approximately 400 s-1 (at 10-20 degrees C). This rate constant did not have an appreciable dependence on the final temperature. Finally, tension increased exponentially to a new higher level with a rate constant of approximately 20 s-1 at 20 degrees C. This rate constant increased with temperature with a Q10 of 1.4. 5. At submaximal Ca2+ activation the tension rise was followed by a decay to below the value before the T-jump. This decline was expected from the temperature dependence of steady pCa-tension curves. The final tension decline occurred on the 1-5 s time scale. 6. The value and amplitude dependence of the rate constant for the quick recovery following T-jumps were similar to those of the quick recovery following length steps during active contractions. The enthalpy change associated with the quick tension recovery following temperature-step perturbations was estimated to be positive suggesting that the recovery process is an endothermic reaction. Slower reaction steps on the 10-30 ms timescale, as well as reactions corresponding to the quick recovery, may contribute to the cross-bridge power stroke. PMID- 3446792 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory responses evoked from the posterior cerebellar cortex and fastigial nucleus in the cat. AB - 1. In both anaesthetized and decerebrate cats the cerebellar cortex (lobules VI, VII, VIII, IX and X) and the fastigial nucleus (f.n.) have been stimulated electrically, and chemically, while recording changes in phrenic nerve discharge, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and renal and femoral blood flow. 2. Stimulation of lobules VI, VII, VIII and Xb failed to elicit any cardiovascular or respiratory changes. Activation of lobule IX (the uvula), and in some preparations sub-lobule Xa, evoked cardiovascular and respiratory responses consistently. In the anaesthetized cat, electrical stimulation of the uvula evoked apnoea, a small bradycardia and a depressor response associated with vasodilatation in the hindlimb vascular bed. In contrast, stimulation in an equivalent region in a decerebrate preparation elicited an apneustic discharge, a pronounced tachycardia and a rise in arterial pressure with vasoconstriction in both renal and femoral vascular beds. In both the anaesthetized and decerebrate animals the pattern of response elicited by chemical activation was identical to that seen with electrical stimulation. 3. Electrical, or chemical, stimulation after administration of anaesthetic to the decerebrate cat then evoked an identical pattern of response to that seen in the 'intact' anaesthetized animal. This evidence suggests that the reversal in the pattern of the response in an effect of the anaesthetic agent and not the decerebration itself. 4. The only area of the f.n. to produce cardiovascular effects was the rostral region. Electrical stimulation of the rostral f.n. in both anaesthetized and decerebrate preparations inhibited central inspiratory activity and evoked tachycardia, along with a pressor response associated with vasoconstriction in both renal and femoral vascular beds. In contrast, chemical excitation of those sites in the rostral f.n. shown previously to produce pronounced cardiovascular and respiratory changes failed to elicit any changes in the recorded variables. 5. The present evidence suggests that there are two areas in the cat cerebellum which can exert pronounced cardiovascular and respiratory effects. The patterns of response elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior cortex and rostral f.n. are mediated by two separate cerebellar-brainstem pathways as judged by the two different effects of anaesthesia on the evoked responses. We suggest that the f.n. may not play a role in the control of the cardiovascular system since chemical excitation of cell bodies of the rostral f.n. failed to elicit the so-called 'fastigial pressor response'. PMID- 3446793 TI - The effect of electrical stimulation of the sympathetic chain on peripheral lymph flow in the anaesthetized sheep. AB - 1. Pressure fluctuations and lymph flow were measured in cannulated popliteal efferent and metatarsal afferent lymphatics in anaesthetized sheep. 2. Stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain at 1.4 and 10 Hz increased lymph flow and lymphatic contraction frequency. These effects were most marked during 10 Hz stimulation where, in some efferent preparations, greater than 5-fold increases in lymph flow and contraction frequency were observed. 3. Strain-gauge plethysmograph recordings in the lymphatic's drainage area indicated that during stimulation blood flow was reduced. There was also a slow continuous fall in tissue volume throughout the periods of stimulation, presumably due to a net uptake of fluid by the blood vessels. 4. Intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine at a rate of 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1 blocked the increases in lymph flow and contraction frequency. 5. These results suggest that the observed increases in lymph flow were due to direct neurogenic stimulation of lymphatic pumping. PMID- 3446794 TI - Effects of stimulation of nasal and superior laryngeal inputs on the hindlimb vasculature of anaesthetized cats. AB - 1. In chloralose-anaesthetized artificially ventilated cats, either stimulation of the nasal mucosae with water or electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (s.l.n.) resulted in apnoea, as measured from the phrenic nerve activity, and a rise in perfusion pressure of a hindlimb perfused at constant flow. In the absence of changes in venous pressure this vascular response would indicate vasoconstriction in the hindlimb. There was, however, no significant change in either heart rate or arterial blood pressure. 2. Simultaneous stimulation of the nasal mucosae and s.l.n. also resulted in apnoea but with a larger hindlimb vasoconstriction than was obtained with stimulation of only one input. This increased vasoconstriction was not significantly different from the one which in theory could be obtained by summing the two individual responses from stimulation of the nasal mucosae or s.l.n. 3. In cats anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane, stimulation of the nasal mucosae or s.l.n. also evoked an apnoea and hindlimb vasoconstriction. However, in these animals this was accompanied by a bradycardia and small fall in arterial blood pressure. 4. The present results show that whilst stimulation of two parts of the upper respiratory tract evokes qualitatively similar responses in the hindlimb vasculature, simultaneous activation of the two stimuli does not appear to result in facilitation of this hindlimb vasoconstrictor response, simply an addition of those obtained on separate stimulation. The bradycardia evoked in response to upper airway stimulation is dependent on the anaesthetic used and in the present experiments could only be obtained in animals anaesthetized with choralose urethane. PMID- 3446795 TI - A convergent input from nasal receptors and the larynx to the rostral sensory trigeminal nuclei of the cat. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made from ninety-one neurones in the vicinity of the rostral trigeminal nucleus in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. 2. Sixty-two neurones within this area were activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superior laryngeal nerve (s.l.n.). Only two of the twenty-one neurones tested had an additional input from the contralateral s.l.n. 3. Fifty of these sixty-two neurones were also activated synaptically by light mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral nasal cavity and in the eight neurones tested electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral nostril evoked activity. All these neurones exhibited characteristics of postsynaptic responses to s.l.n. and nasal stimulation, showing a variable latency to onset to either stimulus, summation and facilitation of more than one stimulus. 4. None of those neurones receiving an s.l.n. input, or those with convergent inputs from the s.l.n. and nose, could be affected by mechanical stimulation of any part of the face. 5. The activity of a further twenty-nine neurones was also recorded within this same general region. Sixteen responded to movement of the whiskers, five to touching the skin of the lower jaw, two to touching the skin of the upper jaw, three to touch around the eyebrows and three to touching other parts of the face. None of these neurones were activated by s.l.n. stimulation. 6. The location of seventeen of these neurones showing a convergent s.l.n. and nasal input was determined histologically. They were closely grouped together in a region 3.5-4.5 mm rostral to obex in and around the main trigeminal sensory nucleus, dorsolateral to the retrofacial nucleus corresponding to the parvocellular division of the alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus. 7. The lack of somatosensory input to those neurones receiving a convergent input from the nose and s.l.n. is discussed in relation to previous studies describing somatosensory-visceral convergence to neurones within trigeminal nuclei. PMID- 3446796 TI - The fade of the response to acetylcholine at the rabbit isolated sino-atrial node. AB - 1. The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the frequency of spontaneous action potentials, recorded with glass microelectrodes from small preparations of the sino-atrial node of the rabbit, has been investigated. 2. On application of ACh there was a rapid increase in cycle length (the interval between successive action potentials) but then, despite the continued presence of the ACh, cycle length decreased once again; i.e. the response to ACh 'faded' in the presence of ACh. This fade of the chronotropic response to ACh has been characterized. 3. To observe fade it was found to be important to use a fast flow bath in order to increase the ACh concentration at the preparation abruptly. In other words, the response to ACh was sensitive to the rate of increase in the ACh concentration at the tissue. This may explain why in one study of the sino-atrial node of the guinea-pig the authors failed to observe fade. 4. The concentration dependence of fade was studied in two ways: either as the fade in the response with different doses of ACh, or as the decrease in the response to a fixed test dose applied after a variable conditioning dose. Both methods indicated that fade increased with concentration over the range of roughly 10(-7) to 10(-5) M-ACh. 5. The onset of fade, i.e. the decline in cycle length during an exposure to ACh, was monophasic with low doses of ACh and biphasic (with fast and slow phases) with higher doses. The mean half-times of the fast and slow phases of fade were 10 +/- 2 s and 240 +/- 30 s (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 5). However, in some preparations, rather than a smooth decrease in cycle length, there were discontinuities and cycle length could decrease in a stepwise fashion or even transiently alternate between two distinct states. 6. Time was required for recovery from fade because a response to a test dose applied soon after a conditioning dose was depressed. Recovery was studied by applying test doses at different times after conditioning doses. Recovery occurred with a half-time of 40 +/- 8 s (mean +/- S.D.; n = 8) after a short exposure (30 s) to ACh, but was slower (half-time, 250 +/- 20 s; n = 6) after a longer exposure (5 min). 7. Immediately after washing off ACh, cycle length decreased below its original value, although it then returned to this value over several minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3446797 TI - Iodide transport in rat small intestine: dependence on calcium. AB - 1. The involvement of calcium in the regulation of iodide secretion was investigated in stripped sheets of rat small intestine. 2. In the absence of exogenous modifiers a net iodide absorption was observed in the rat proximal intestine, whereas the mid-intestine secreted iodide. 3. Removal of Ca2+ from the bathing solutions abolished net I- secretion in the mid-intestine. The calcium channel blocker verapamil produced similar effects on net I- secretion. 4. Theophylline increased net I- secretion both in the absence and in the presence of verapamil, but the effects of theophylline were less in the presence of verapamil or in Ca2+-free media. 5. Trifluoperazine inhibited basal iodide secretion and attenuated theophylline-induced I- secretion. 6. All the modifiers which prevented net I- secretion reduced iodide fluxes across the mucosal border and increased serosal iodide exit. The opposite was observed with theophylline. 7. It is suggested that I- secretion might result from changes in both mucosal and serosal I- permeabilities, and that both processes appear to be regulated by calmodulin. PMID- 3446798 TI - Post-contraction errors in human force production are reduced by muscle stretch. AB - 1. Based on findings from a previous study of plantar-flexor muscles, the effect of a conditioning 25, 50 or 100% maximum voluntary contraction (m.v.c.) of elbow flexor muscles on the accuracy of reproducing a learned criterion muscle force (2% m.v.c.) was investigated. 2. Each conditioning contraction induced a significant error in reproducing the criterion muscle force under conditions of no visual feed-back of force. As with plantar-flexor muscles, the error was consistently in the direction of a positive bias. The magnitude of the error co varied with the magnitude of the previous contraction and, in all cases, decayed toward criterion force values over a 35 s period. 3. A brief muscle stretch, induced before subjects attempted the criterion force, reduced the size of the error but did not completely eliminate the bias. 4. The findings provide indirect evidence of post-contraction potentiation of stretch reflex pathways. Residual post-contraction errors in force production after muscle stretch may be attributed to other central or peripheral neural factors such as, for example, potentiating effects of prior activation on submaximal tension production in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3446799 TI - Genetic and phenotypic adaptation of intestinal nutrient transport to diet in fish. AB - 1. Herbivores have higher rates of intestinal sugar transport and lower rates of amino acid transport than carnivores, if each are studied while eating their respective natural diets. It was unclear whether these species differences involve a genetic contribution, since when omnivores are switched from a high protein to a high-carbohydrate diet they reversibly increase sugar transport and suppress amino acid transport. Hence we studied eight fish species of differing natural diets while all were eating the same manufactured diet. 2. Na+-dependent L-proline uptake and active D-glucose uptake, measured in vitro by the everted intestinal sleeve technique, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Values of the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant increased with values of the maximal transport rate, probably as a result of unstirred layer effects. 3. The ratio of proline to glucose uptake decreased in the sequence: carnivores greater than omnivores greater than herbivores. The intestine's uptake capacity for the non-essential nutrient glucose was much higher in herbivores than in carnivores, correlated with species differences in carbohydrate content of the natural diet. Proline uptake varied much less among species, since species with different natural diets still have similar protein requirements. 4. Since all species were studied while eating the same diet, these species differences in uptake are not phenotypic but genetic adaptations to the different natural diets. 5. In two fish species which normally switch from carnivory towards herbivory or omnivory as they mature, we observe a 'hard-wired' developmental change in intestinal uptake. Larger animals had lower proline uptake relative to glucose uptake than did smaller animals, even though both were being maintained on the same diet in the laboratory. 6. Carnivorous fish tend to allocate absorptive tissue to pyloric caeca or a thick mucosa, while herbivorous fish tend towards a long thin intestine. PMID- 3446800 TI - Properties of motor units in the transversus abdominis muscle of the garter snake. AB - 1. The organization of motor units in the single-fibre-thick transversus abdominis muscle of the garter snake has been studied. This small segmental muscle (60-100 fibres) contains three distinct fibre types (faster twitch, F; slower twitch, S; and tonic, T) which are predominantly arranged in the repeating pattern F, T, S, T, F, T, etc. 2. Motor-unit maps were obtained by activating an individual motor axon and identifying all of the muscle fibres innervated by that axon, using either the activity-induced uptake of extracellular marker molecules to label presynaptic terminals of the stimulated axon, or systematic intracellular recording to identify muscle fibres activated by the axon. 3. Each muscle contained three types of motor units (F, T and S) that corresponded to the three types of fibres. All of the muscle fibres in a motor unit were of the same type. Each segmental muscle contained approximately the same number of motor units: one to two faster twitch, three to four slower twitch, and three tonic. 4. Each motor unit was dispersed widely throughout the muscle. Fibres within a motor unit were neither clustered nor anticlustered. This suggests that despite the fact that axons are constrained to innervate fibres of the appropriate type, the distribution of each motor unit does not generate the alternating pattern of fibre types. 5. In several experiments, all of the twitch motor units in one segmental component of the muscle were mapped. The projection of any one axon appeared random not only with respect to the muscle's fibre type pattern, but also with respect to the innervation supplied by other axons. 6. Twitch motor units were arranged according to a hierarchy of sizes. In each muscle examined, the largest motor unit was faster twitch; a single faster twitch motor axon usually innervated all of the faster twitch fibres in the muscle (fourteen to twenty-four fibres). This was followed by three to four slower twitch motor units which varied in size from eight to ten fibres to very small motor units containing only four to five fibres. 7. Each tonic motor axon innervated an average of ninety-three end-plates per segmental muscle. The relatively large size of tonic motor units compared to twitch motor units is related to the ability of tonic muscle fibres to retain polyneuronal innervation into adulthood, both by providing five to seven end-plate sites per fibre, and by allowing terminal boutons from different tonic motor axons to co-innervate the same end plate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3446801 TI - Stable maintenance heat rate and contractile properties of different single muscle fibres from Xenopus laevis at 20 degrees C. AB - 1. Different types of fibres were isolated from the iliofibularis muscle of Xenopus laevis. Resting length was adjusted to obtain a sarcomere length of 2.3 microns as judged by laser diffraction. Heat production was measured during tetanic contractions lasting 0.3-2 s at 20 degrees C. From twenty fibres the force-velocity relationship was determined as well. 2. After correcting the records for heat loss, and taking the relevant heat capacities into account, stable maintenance heat rate was determined by fitting the corrected heat records from 0.35 s after the onset of contraction onwards by a straight line. The value obtained was then normalized on the dry weight of the fibre. The force-velocity relationships were fitted according to Hill's equation, yielding values for a and Vmax (Hill, 1938). 3. Stable maintenance heat rate (hb) depended on fibre type and ranged from 0.05 to 0.86 W g-1 dry wt. Isometric tetanic force per cross sectional area (P0) varied between 190 and 427 kN m-2. Therefore the variations in hb were not proportional to the variations in P0. 4. The maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) differed considerably from fibre to fibre (4.6-10.3 lengths s 1). Between Vmax and hb a non-linear relationship was found. The curvature of this relationship was such that its slope (delta hb/delta Vmax) increased with Vmax. 5. A proportional relationship was found between the rate of force redevelopment, following a period of rapid shortening, and hb. 6. Maximum power output during loaded shortening as derived from the force-velocity (P-V) relationships was on average 2.2 times higher than hb. 7. The curvature of the force-velocity relationship, as reflected by the value of a/P0, varied between fibres from 0.18 to 0.53. A larger value of a/P0 i.e. a less curved relationship, corresponded with a larger value of hb. 8. Since hb reflects the rate at which ATP is hydrolysed during contraction, the results suggest that the maximum velocity of shortening and the in vivo actomyosin ATPase under isometric conditions are non-linearly related. This would imply that these two variables are not dominated by the same rate-limiting step of the cross-bridge cycle. PMID- 3446802 TI - Susceptibility of the developing rat gustatory system to the physiological effects of dietary sodium deprivation. AB - 1. Multifibre responses were recorded from the chorda tympani nerve in rats fed either a NaCl-deficient diet or a NaCl-replete diet from 3 days post-conception to at least 28 days post-natal. Responses were also recorded in rats fed the NaCl deficient diet during early development and then fed the NaCl-replete diet for 1 20 days beginning at 28 days post-natal, and in rats fed the NaCl-deficient diet only as adults. The epithelial sodium transport blocker, amiloride, was used to study the physiological effects of the diet on taste receptor membrane function and to characterize the events involved in recovery of function. 2. Responses to lingual application of sodium salts increased with increasing stimulus concentration; however, response magnitudes were reduced in rats fed the NaCl deficient diet during early development compared to controls. Responses to non sodium salts and non-salt stimuli were similar to controls. Amiloride was ineffective in suppressing taste responses to NaCl in deprived rats but effectively suppressed responses in controls by at least 50%. After early deprived rats were fed a NaCl-replete diet, responses to sodium salts recovered to control levels within 15 days. There was a concomitant decrease in amiloride sensitivity during this period. 3. Rats fed the NaCl-deficient diet from early gestation through adulthood had responses similar to younger deprived rats in that sodium responses were lower than controls. However, rats deprived only as adults were similar to controls. 4. The peripheral gustatory system in developing rats is susceptible to the sodium content of the diet and is 'plastic' in that early effects can be reversed by restricting dietary sodium. Once dietary manipulations are instituted past a sensitive period, however, functional taste responses seem unaffected. PMID- 3446804 TI - Atrial receptor discharge in dogs with chronically induced difference in blood volume. AB - 1. Urinary responses to stimulation of atrial receptors have been found to be greater in dogs with a high blood volume than in dogs with a low blood volume. Two groups of dogs with different blood volume were examined by distending a large balloon in the left atrium, to stimulate atrial receptors and find out whether the increase in atrial receptor discharge was different in the two groups of dogs. 2. The relationship between atrial receptor discharge and left atrial pressure was determined in twenty-six fibres studied in four dogs with a high blood volume and sixteen fibres studied in three dogs with a low blood volume. 3. The slope of the relationship representing the increase in atrial receptor activity during increases in left atrial pressure, and the activity at each left atrial pressure, were significantly greater in dogs with a high blood volume than in dogs with a low blood volume. 4. This study has shown that the atrial receptor discharge and their responses to increases in left atrial pressure are greater in dogs with a high blood volume than in those with a low blood volume. PMID- 3446803 TI - Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on the ventilatory responses to hypoxic and hyperoxic exercise in man. AB - 1. The ventilatory responses to step changes from rest to 100 W cycling exercise were studied in five healthy human subjects. Exercise was performed in hypoxia (end-tidal O2 pressure, PET,O2, 50-55 mmHg), a condition characterized by a marked enhancement of arterial chemoreceptor activity, and in hyperoxia (PET,O2 greater than 250 mmHg), a condition in which arterial chemoreceptor activity is largely suppressed. The subjects were studied at each O2 level after placebo and after an oral dose of 120 mg propranolol. 2. The magnitude of phase 1, the immediate, rapid ventilatory response at the onset of work, was unaffected by hypoxia and at both oxygen levels it was also unaffected by propranolol. 3. Phase 2, analysed from 20 to 120 s after the onset of exercise, was significantly affected by both O2 level and beta-blockade. The kinetics of the ventilatory changes in this phase were well described in all four conditions by a simple exponential function. The overall mean time constants after placebo were shorter in hypoxia (31.0 s) than in hyperoxia (40.2 s), and at each O2 level longer after propranolol, in hypoxia 61.3 s and in hyperoxia 106.0 s. 4. Continuous analysis of gas sampled at the mouth with a mass spectrometer showed constancy of end tidal PCO2 throughout the step change in hypoxia both with and without beta blockade. In contrast, in both hyperoxic conditions PET,CO2 rose, mainly in phase 2, to a value 5-6 mmHg higher than the starting value. 5. The steady-state ventilation was higher in hypoxia than in hyperoxia, and end-tidal CO2 pressure, PET,CO2, correspondingly lower. Neither ventilation nor PCO2 were, however, affected by propranolol in either condition. 6. It is concluded that the arterial chemoreceptors are important for both the rate of adaptation of ventilation to a new rate of metabolism during a step change of work rate, and for the matching of ventilation to CO2 flow which normally ensures isocapnia. The further slowing of the dynamics of the ventilatory response in hyperoxia as well as the preserved isocapnia in hypoxia after beta-blockade argue against any major role of beta adrenergic mechanisms for these functions of the arterial chemoreceptors. The observed effects are considered to be secondary to the reduced cardiac output and an increased CO2 storage initially during exercise following beta-adrenergic blockade. PMID- 3446805 TI - Pressure changes in canine gall-bladder associated with emptying. AB - 1. For decades it has been supposed that emptying of the gall-bladder follows a rise in gall-bladder pressure of some 10-15 mmHg and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. 2. This subject has been re-examined in dogs chronically fitted with fistulas, using a model which does not entail interference with either the bile duct or sphincter of Oddi. 3. The pressure in the gall-bladder was recorded continuously under fasting conditions, after feeding and after intravenous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) in six dogs. 4. Gall bladder pressure showed a modest sustained rise of 2-3 mmHg following ingestion of food and intravenous infusions of CCK-OP (125 ng kg-1 h-1). 5. During half of the experiments a transient rise of 3-10 mmHg lasting 2-3 min was observed after feeding and following infusion of I.V. CCK-OP (125 ng kg-1 h-1). Emptying of the gall-bladder, measured by bilirubin output from the biliary fistula, started shortly before the peak rise in pressure occurred. 6. We conclude that a significant rise in gall-bladder pressure is not a prerequisite for emptying and that the pressure changes occurring physiologically are smaller than have been reported previously. 7. We believe that the larger pressure changes recorded in the past may have been produced because of resistance to bile flow introduced by the models employed. 8. Emptying of the gall-bladder, in the dog, appears to have occurred within 40 min of the ingestion of food, suggesting that the cephalic and gastric phases of this process are quantitatively more important than has been thought previously. PMID- 3446806 TI - A phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance study of metabolites and intracellular pH in rabbit vascular smooth muscle. AB - 1. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy was used to investigate metabolites, intracellular pH (pHi) and the effects of pHi on tone in rabbit blood vessels. The vessels were bathed in mammalian Ringer solution and maintained at 20 degrees C while inside the spectrometer. 2. Vascular spectra showed relatively low phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations compared to skeletal muscle. The [PCr]/[ATP] ratio was only 1.32 +/- 0.09 (n = 7). There was also a prominent phosphomonoester (PME) peak. Similar features have been reported for other smooth muscles examined by 31P n.m.r. 3. The [PCr] was higher and the inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration lower than values deduced from chemical analysis of arterial extracts. However, the [PCr] value fell within the range obtained for other smooth muscles when studied by 31P n.m.r. 4. Measurement of pHi under control conditions (external pH 7.25) gave a mean value of 7.19 +/- 0.03 at 20 degrees C (n = 5). Metabolic inhibition brought about by 0.5 mM cyanide and 0.2 mM-fluoride did not significantly alter pHi. At higher inhibitor concentrations (3 and 1 mM respectively) there was a significant acidosis. 5. The effects of NH4Cl upon pH were investigated in metabolically inhibited preparations. During 10 min applications of 30 mM-NH4Cl (isosmotically substituted for NaCl) the pHi rose; during subsequent NH4Cl removal it fell below control values. In the least inhibited tissues the total pHi excursion between NH4Cl applications and removals was 0.5 unit. 6. Rabbit ear vessels have been found to increase vascular tone during manoeuvres which were expected to decrease pHi. From the direct measurement of pHi reported in this study, it is concluded that the vascular tone changes brought about by NH4Cl application and withdrawal may be attributed to the alteration of pHi. PMID- 3446807 TI - Optical recording of electrical activity from parallel fibres and other cell types in skate cerebellar slices in vitro. AB - 1. A reliable and simple fish brain slice preparation was obtained from the cerebellum of the skate, and its properties were described. 2. A potentiometric oxonol dye, RH-482, and multiple site optical recording of transmembrane voltage (MSORTV) were used to reveal the electrophysiological properties of the parallel fibre action potential and to measure its conduction (0.13 m/s). The parallel fibre action potential was blocked in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and prolonged by tetraethylammonium (TEA), suggesting that the upstroke depends upon sodium entry and the repolarization upon potassium efflux. An after hyperpolarization results from a calcium-dependent potassium conductance. 3. A second potentiometric dye, RH-155, differing only slightly from RH-482, exhibited a high affinity for glial cell membrane, and could be used to monitor changes in extracellular potassium concentration by detecting changes in glial membrane potential. 4. Calcium channel blockers such as cadmium ions blocked the optical signal that reflected the extracellular accumulation of potassium. 5. Interventions that modified the extracellular volume, and thereby affected the accumulation of potassium, produced large changes in the optical signal that monitored glial depolarization. Hypertonic and hypotonic bathing solutions resulted in decreases and increases, respectively, in the magnitude of the extrinsic absorption change that tracked potassium accumulation. 6. Blocking sodium-potassium pump activity by means of ouabain prolonged the time course of the optical signal that was related to potassium accumulation in the extracellular space. 7. Extracellular potassium accumulation was revealed to be critically dependent upon intracellular calcium ions. PMID- 3446808 TI - Baclofen and velocity storage: a model of the effects of the drug on the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the rhesus monkey. AB - 1. Baclofen had a characteristic effect on vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus in rhesus monkeys. Each aspect of nystagmus that is dependent on the velocity storage mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (v.o.r.) was altered by the drug: (a) Baclofen reduced the dominant time constant of the v.o.r. in a dose dependent manner up to 5 mg/kg, the highest dosage used. The alteration in v.o.r. time constant began within 15 min of injection, was maximal between 1 and 4 h, and lasted for 14-18 h. This effect mirrors changes in plasma levels of baclofen after oral doses in humans (Faigle, Keberle & Agen, 1980). (b) Slow-phase velocities of steady-state nystagmus induced by rotation about axes tilted from the vertical (off-vertical axis rotation, o.v.a.r.) were reduced after baclofen and could not be maintained at previous levels. (c) There was a dose-dependent decline in the steady-state gain of optokinetic nystagmus (o.k.n.), and at the highest dosages little o.k.n. was induced. In parallel, the peak velocity and falling time constant of optokinetic after-nystagmus (o.k.a.n.) were reduced. Since baclofen is a GABA agonist, systems utilizing GABA and acting on GABAB receptors appear to produce inhibitory control of velocity storage. 2. The step gain of the v.o.r., measured at the beginning and end of constant-velocity rotation in darkness, was unaffected by baclofen, as were saccades, quick phases of nystagmus, and the ability to hold positions of fixation or to generate linear slow phases of nystagmus. This indicates that it is possible to use baclofen to manipulate the dominant time constant of the v.o.r. and of o.k.a.n. in relative isolation from effects on other oculomotor components. 3. Baclofen caused a dose dependent reduction in the initial jump in eye velocity at the onset of o.k.n., suggesting that the initial jump is also under inhibitory control of GABAB receptors. However, there were still occasional slow phases with velocities up to 30-40 deg/s after baclofen, and animals were capable of visually suppressing the v.o.r. This indicates that pathways responsible for causing rapid changes in slowphase velocity were capable of functioning, at least intermittently, in the presence of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3446810 TI - Spatial spread of adaptation within the cone network of turtle retina. AB - 1. The spatial characteristics of adaptation were studied in the red-sensitive cones of the snapping turtle retina using intracellular microelectrodes. Light responses elicited with slit-shaped test and adapting stimuli revealed that test response amplitudes and adaptation decline similarly with distance from the impaled cone. The spatial spread of adaptation and the light response cannot be accounted for by scattered light and must therefore result from electrical coupling between cones. 2. The reduction in the amplitude of the test response correlated strongly with the magnitude of the sustained hyperpolarization induced by the adapting fields. This dependence of adaptation on membrane potential was independent of the spatial configuration of the adapting field. 3. The time courses of flash responses were monotonically related to the membrane potential induced by adapting stimuli and were also independent of adapting field configuration. 4. Adapting slits imaged on the cone receptive field centres uniformly depressed sensitivity without altering the shape of the field or its exponential fall-off. Since the membrane potential evoked by the adapting slit falls off exponentially, the invariance of receptive field shape implies that the spread of adaptation cannot be attributed solely to voltage-dependent desensitization of the transduction apparatus in the cones. Therefore a substantial part of the membrane potential dependency of adaptation probably results from a shunting of signals across the plasma membrane of the cone. 5. Full field backgrounds depressed sensitivity but did not alter the receptive field profiles. On the model of electrical coupling proposed by Lamb & Simon (1976), this suggests that to the extent that the voltage-dependent desensitization results from an increased conductance and hence an increased shunt of the signals at the plasma membrane, there must be a concomitant increase in the conductance of the electrical pathways linking cones to one another. PMID- 3446809 TI - Greater hydrogen ion-induced depression of tension and velocity in skinned single fibres of rat fast than slow muscles. AB - 1. The effects of variations in pH between 7.00 and 6.20 on Ca2+ -activated tension development and maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) were examined in skinned single skeletal fibres from rat slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch superficial (s.v.l.) and deep (d.v.l.) regions of the vastus lateralis muscle. 2. At pH 6.50, Vmax was depressed to a similar degree in each of the soleus, d.v.l., and s.v.l. fibres. Lowering pH to 6.20 resulted in a further decline in Vmax in all fibres; however, differences between the slow fibres, identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fast fibres were apparent, with soleus retaining a significantly greater proportion of its control Vmax (0.83 +/- 0.03 in soleus vs. 0.69 +/- 0.03 in s.v.l.; mean +/- S.E.M.). 3. Maximum force production decreased significantly as pH was reduced. Peak force at pH 6.50, relative to that at pH 7.00, was significantly greater in soleus (0.80 +/- 0.01) than in the s.v.l. (0.75 +/- 0.01) fibres. At pH 6.20 these differences between slow and fast fibres were still greater, in that soleus fibres generated significantly greater relative forces (0.73 +/- 0.01) than did d.v.l. (0.67 +/- 0.02) or s.v.l. (0.63 +/- 0.02) fibres. 4. As pH was lowered the tension-pCa relationship shifted to the right (i.e. to higher [Ca2+]), indicating a reduction in the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension development. The [Ca2+] necessary to achieve half-maximal tension in both the slow- and fast-twitch fibres increased approximately 5-fold when pH was lowered from 7.00 to 6.20. Furthermore, in the case of the soleus, the Ca2+ threshold for tension development was 45 times greater at pH 6.20 than at pH 7.00, while in the fast-twitch fibres, this increase was 4-fold. 5. Increased [H+] differentially affected the steepness of the tension-pCa relationship between slow and fast fibres. As pH was lowered, the steepness of the lower portion of the tension-pCa curve increased in the soleus and decreased in d.v.l. and s.v.l., suggesting that apparent positive co operativity of tension development had increased in soleus and decreased in d.v.l. and s.v.l. fibres. 6. These results (1) demonstrate an increased resistance to H+ ion-mediated contractile dysfunction in slow- compared to fast twitch single fibres, and (2) support the hypothesis that muscular fatigue resulting from short-term, intense muscular contraction may in part be related to elevated H+ ion concentration. PMID- 3446811 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in lesions of the plantar aponeurosis]. AB - Exploration of sporting injures to plantar aponeurosis (PA) has up to now been based mainly on clinical examination, from which the diagnosis was established. Imaging technics such as standard radiography and ultrasound scanning have limitations allowing diagnosis to be made usually only by elimination, the lesion being very rarely visualized directly. Ten patients with hyperalgic lesion of plantar arch and functional impotence were explored by MR imaging, and in all cases this examination provided superior data confirmed at operation. The examination is painless and little invasive and can be carried out during the acute phase. The plantar aponeurosis is visualized directly between the muscle mass of the plantar arch and the fatty cushion. All three spatial planes can be investigated, most interesting data being obtained from the sagittal (in the PA axis) and frontal (comparative) planes. PMID- 3446812 TI - [Subperiosteal metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma]. AB - The authors report an observation of a tibial subperiosteal metastasis of an esophageal cancer. Subperiosteal metastases are rare, appearing on plain radiography as a cortical lysis of a long bone with a "saucer" aspect. They were considered specific of a bronchogenic carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge this is the second observation of subperiosteal metastasis, whose primary tumor is not a broncho-pulmonary cancer. PMID- 3446813 TI - [Cerebral localizations of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. Contribution of x ray computed tomography]. AB - At the present time, CT scan imaging occupies an essential place in the diagnostic approach and course of cerebral non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. Results of CT scan investigations are reported in 17 patients, 8 with primary and 9 with secondary lymphoma. The lesions observed, hypo-, iso- or faintly hyper dense, took-up contrast almost constantly in an intense and well limited homogeneous manner. The subependymal infiltration noted was suggestive of the disease particularly since it was often associated with a paraventricular localization in the white substance, corpus callosum or central gray nuclei. However, no correlation existed with the primary or secondary nature or histologic type of lymphoma, and histopathologic confirmation was necessary from surgical biopsy specimen. Appearances of primary and secondary lymphoma are superimposable, apart from certain cases with co-existing secondary lymphoma and bone lysis or a contiguous endocranial tumor. Follow-up CT scan imaging confirms clinical remission, or recurrence raising the problem of radionecrosis. PMID- 3446814 TI - [Lymphoma of nasal and sinus cavities]. AB - Seven cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses are reported. All but one were primary lesions. Five of the 7 cases involved only the facial structures. Sites of involvement were the maxillary sinus (4 cases), the nasal fossae (2 cases), and one case in which lesions of both the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses were associated with intracranial extension. CT studies showed sinus opacification and invasion of adjacent structures, but bone destruction was inconstant. Follow-up studies during treatment revealed rapid tumor regression with non specific images of mucosal hypertrophy. PMID- 3446815 TI - [A simple method for measuring anteversion of the acetabulum from a frontal radiograph of the hip]. AB - A simple, reproducible and reliable method is proposed for measurement of cotyloid version. Using a standing frontal image of hip, the cotyloid borders are identified and a single-plane geometric projection determines the precise degree of version. This study can also be made from a conventional frontal pelvic image with bipodalic weight bearing. Knowledge of spatial orientation allows a better approach to head-cotyle biomechanical phenomena and thus improved understanding of the genesis of certain hip diseases. PMID- 3446816 TI - [Spinal localization of a solid aneurysmal cyst. Clinical, radiologic and histopathological aspects]. AB - An 8 year old child with a "solid" aneurysmal cyst of L4 posterior arch was investigated by straight films, bone scintigraphy and CT scans. The suggested diagnosis had been a benign tumor, probably an osteoblastoma. Initial histopathology results were in favor or a non ossifying fibroma or a chondromyxoid fibroma, this lacking concordance with the usual epidemiology of primary spinal tumors in children. A description is given of the histologic characteristics of this new histopathologic entity first described by Sanerkin in 1983. PMID- 3446817 TI - [Negative contrast in x-ray computed tomography. Preliminary study]. AB - For the abdominal and pelvic CT Scan, the authors propose the filling of the bladder, the duodenal loop, the stomach and the rectum with a lipidic emulsion. The negative density of this emulsion allows a better visualization of the pancreas, the gastric wall and the bladder wall as well as the extension of pelvic and bowel tumors. PMID- 3446818 TI - Volume regulation in the early proximal tubule of the Necturus kidney. AB - The ability of early proximal tubule cells of the Necturus kidney to regulate volume was evaluated using light microscopy, video analysis and conventional microelectrodes. Necturus proximal tubule cells regulate volume in both hyper- and hyposmotic solutions. Volume regulation in hyperosmotic fluids is HCO3- dependent and is associated with a decrease in the relative K+ conductance of the basolateral cell membrane and a decrease in the resistance ratio, Ra/Rbl. Volume regulation in hyposmotic solutions is also dependent upon the presence of HCO3- but is also inhibited by 2 mM Ba2+ in the basolateral solution. Hyposmotic regulation is accompanied by an increase in the relative K+ conductance of the basolateral cell membrane and an increase in Ra/Rbl. Neither hypo- nor hyposmotic regulation have any affect on the depolarization of the basolateral cell membrane potential induced by HCO3- removal. We conclude that volume regulation in the early proximal tubule of the kidney involves both HCO3(-)-dependent transport systems and the baso-lateral K+ conductance. PMID- 3446819 TI - Efficiency, Na+/K+ selectivity and temperature dependence of ion transport through lipid membranes by (221)C10-cryptand, an ionizable mobile carrier. AB - The kinetics of Na+ and K+ transport across the membrane of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) were determined at two pH's when transport was induced by (221)C10 cryptand (diaza-1,10-decyl-5-pentaoxa-4,7,13,16,21-bicyclo [8.8.5.] tricosane) at various temperatures, and by nonactin at 25 degrees C and (222)C10-cryptand at 20 and 25 degrees C. The rate of Na+ and K+ transport by (221)C10 saturated with the cation and carrier concentrations. Transport was noncooperative and exhibited selectivity for Na+ with respect to K+. The apparent affinity of (221)C10 for Na+ was higher and less pH-dependent than that for K+, and seven times higher than the affinity for Na+ of nonactin. Its enthalpy was higher than that of (222)C10 for K+ ions (20.5 vs. 1.7 kcal . mole-1). The efficiency of (221)C10 transport of Na+ was pH- and carrier concentration-dependent, and was similar to that of nonactin; its activation energy was similar to that for (222)C10 transport of K+ (35.5 and 29.7 kcal . mole-1, respectively). The reaction orders in cation n(S) and in carrier m(M), respectively, increased and decreased as the temperature rose, and were both independent of carrier or cation concentrations; in most cases, they varied slightly with the pH. n(S) varied with the cation at pH 8.7 and with the carrier for Na+ transport only, while m(M) always depended on the type of cation and carrier. Results are discussed in terms of the structural, physico-chemical and electrical characteristics of carriers and complexes. PMID- 3446821 TI - Production and characterization of high affinity monoclonal antibodies to cyclic anti-depressant molecules. AB - A procedure is reported by which high levels of the tricyclic molecule desipramine was modified and conjugated at high density to the carrier molecules keyhole limpet hemocyanin and bovine serum albumin so that these could be used as immunogens in Balb/c mice. Such conjugates generated immune responses with high levels of antibody with specificity for the tricyclic. B cell hybridomas generated by fusion of immune Balb/c splenocytes to NS-1 cells which secreted monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the tricyclic were selected in a standard ELISA. In this report, we show that the binding constants of these monoclonal antibodies with various haptens can be assessed accurately by measuring fluorescence polarization, that a high degree of cross-reactivity between the monoclonals and various tricyclics exists, and that this procedure can be used to generate monoclonal antibodies of high binding constants. PMID- 3446820 TI - Volume-stimulated, Cl(-)-dependent K+ efflux is highly expressed in young human red cells containing normal hemoglobin or HbS. AB - We report here that a Cl(-)-dependent K+ (K:Cl) efflux, which is stimulated by N ethylmaleimide (NEM) and by increased red cell volume, exists in young red cells of individuals with normal hemoglobin A (AA) and in those homozygous for hemoglobin S (SS). We have investigated this K:Cl efflux in several density defined red cell fractions obtained from Percoll-Stractan continuous density gradients. We found high activity of the NEM-stimulated K:Cl transport in reticulocytes and young red cells from nine sickle cell (SS) patients (43 +/- 27 mean +/- SD mmol K+/liter of cells/hr = flux units (FU)) and in the young cell fraction of three AA individuals with high reticulocytosis recuperating from nutritional anemias (41.7 +/- 10 FU). In addition, we observed significant interindividual variation of this K:Cl efflux in the discocyte fraction of SS blood. Cell swelling markedly stimulated the K:Cl efflux, in SS whole blood (9.8 +/- 7.4 FU, in SS young cells (13 +/- 13 FU), and in AA young cells (21.4 +/- 11 FU). The activity of the Na-K-Cl cotransport, as estimated by the bumetanide sensitive K+ efflux was not found to be cell-age dependent in either AA or SS cells. Measurements of red cell density by isopycnic gradients indicated that 27% of the young cells reduce their volume by a Cl(-)-dependent process in hypotonic or low pH-induced swelling. The large volume-stimulated K:Cl efflux in AA young cells raises the possibility that these fluxes may be involved in the maturation of erythropoietic precursors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3446822 TI - Effects of activated charcoal and sorbitol on sodium pentobarbital absorption in the rat. AB - Three activated charcoals were tested for their ability to reduce the oral absorption of sodium pentobarbital (SP) in rats. Fasted adult, male rats were given 40 mg/kg of C-14 labelled SP by gavage (2 ml). Five minutes after drug administration, the animals were given 40 mg of either Darco (G-60), United States Pharmacopeia (USP) or SuperChar (SC) activated charcoals. The charcoals were administered as a slurry in either 1 ml of water, or 1 ml of 70 percent (w/v) sorbitol solution. Water (control) and sorbitol given alone were tested separately. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration of SP determined at various time intervals after drug administration. When given in water, only SC significantly (p less than .01) reduced the peak plasma concentration and oral bioavailability of SP. Sorbitol given alone produced diarrhea but did not affect drug absorption. However, sorbitol selectively enhanced the effectiveness of G-60 and USP charcoals and, as a result, all charcoals significantly reduced SP absorption when given along with the cathartic. The results suggest that when given in water, charcoal antidotal effectiveness is proportional to absorptive surface area, and that sorbitol may enhance the antidotal effectiveness of some charcoals but not others. PMID- 3446823 TI - Studies on the distribution of lidocaine in tissue after spinal and intravenous application in rabbits: clinical and forensic toxicological aspects. AB - Distribution of lidocaine in tissue was investigated after spinal anesthesia and intravenous application in rabbits to examine aspects of forensic and clinical toxicology. Respiratory arrest occurred at 5-15 min after injection of 5 mg/kg hyper-baric lidocaine solution into the subarachnoid space followed by standing in the head down position. The minimum concentration of lidocaine in the middle part of the cervical spinal cord of the dead rabbits was 197 micrograms/g. On the other hand, maximum concentration in the same site at the critical state of almost complete respiratory arrest was 175 micrograms/g. The time at which the concentration of lidocaine reached a maximum in plasma and various tissues after subarachnoid administration was 10-15 min. The concentrations in the lumbar spinal cord, a site of administration, were 1200-1500 micrograms/g 5 min after the injection, which decreased gradually to about 180-250 micrograms/g at 60 min when paralysis of the hind legs began to recover. According to these data, the concentration of lidocaine in the spinal cord of rabbits required for neural blockade was presumed to be about 200 micrograms/g. Since the maximum concentrations of lidocaine in each tissue was already observed at 2.5 min after intravenous injection, transport of lidocaine from plasma to tissues was considered to be very rapid. Lidocaine accumulates most rapidly in the spleen and kidney, followed by the brain, lung, heart, spinal cord and plasma. The concentration in the liver was the least because of its hepatic metabolism. Distribution to adipose tissue was slower than that to other tissues, but the highest accumulation was observed at the late stage. Elimination rates of plasma and tissues other than adipose were almost the same. PMID- 3446824 TI - Acute exposure to rhodamine B. AB - Rhodamine B is a red colored dye that is used in cosmetic products. We report a case of 17 patients who were exposed to aerosolized Rhodamine B inside a maintenance shop. The mean duration of exposure was 26 minutes (range 2-65). Sixteen of the patients (94%) complained of acute symptoms including: burning of the eyes (82%), excessive tearing (47%), nasal burning (41%), nasal itching (35%), chest pain/tightness (35%), rhinorhea (29%), cough (29%), dyspnea (29%), burning of the throat (24%), burning/pruritic skin (24%), chest burning (12%), headache (6%), and nausea (6%). All of the patients had resolution of their symptoms within 24 hours (less than 4 hours in 63%). Acute exposure to Rhodamine B resulted in transient mucous membrane and skin irritation without evidence of serious sequellae. PMID- 3446825 TI - [Regional meetings of area branches of the Japanese Circulation Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446826 TI - [Present status of neuroadenolysis of the pituitary gland (NALP) for the relief of terminal cancer pain in Japan]. PMID- 3446827 TI - [Brain death]. PMID- 3446828 TI - [Autonomic reflexes elicited by somatic nociceptive afferent stimuli in anesthetized animals]. PMID- 3446829 TI - [Effects of two separated extracorporeal circulations on auditory brain stem responses]. PMID- 3446830 TI - [Effects of cervical epidural block and stellate ganglion block on short latency somatosensory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3446831 TI - [The critical length for total cerebral ischemia (TCI) allowing recovery of brain function and progress of recovery following TCI]. PMID- 3446832 TI - [The effects of isoflurane on EEG, CBF and cerebral metabolic rates]. PMID- 3446833 TI - [Interaction between diltiazem and enflurane in the canine blood-perfused papillary muscle and sinoatrial node preparations]. PMID- 3446834 TI - [Effect of fentanyl on conduction delay observed in the ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 3446835 TI - [Analysis of forehead and sole deep temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass for the treatment of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 3446836 TI - [The effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in canine hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 3446837 TI - [Cerebrospinal pressure during isoflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 3446838 TI - [Clinical experiences with sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia]. PMID- 3446839 TI - [Rectal administration of a diazepam solution as a preanesthetic medication for infants and children]. PMID- 3446840 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with neuroblastoma secreting excessive catecholamines postoperatively]. PMID- 3446841 TI - [Unexpected ST depression during anesthesia]. PMID- 3446842 TI - [Diltiazem-induced bradycardia treated by intraoperative temporary ventricular pacing]. PMID- 3446843 TI - [Survey on education and familiarity with cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 3446845 TI - [Indications and methods of respiratory care with the artificial membrane lung]. PMID- 3446844 TI - [Significance of blood lactate in the management of critically ill patients]. PMID- 3446846 TI - [Effects of ischemia on regional myocardial function and metabolism during halothane or fentanyl anesthesia in dogs]. PMID- 3446847 TI - [Effects of isoflurane on myocardial energy metabolism in the reperfused heart]. PMID- 3446848 TI - [Effects of halothane on membrane potentials in single guinea pig atrial and ventricular cells]. PMID- 3446849 TI - [Clinical electromechanographic studies on the potentiation of pancuronium induced neuromuscular blockade by new halogenated inhalation anesthetics]. PMID- 3446850 TI - [The effect of hemodilution on regional blood flow and arteriovenous shunting in various canine organs]. PMID- 3446851 TI - [The effect of isoflurane on evoked potentials from the brain and spinal cord in the rat]. PMID- 3446852 TI - [The significance of pressure-volume index (PVI) and compliance as indices of intracranial pressure dynamics]. PMID- 3446853 TI - [Determination of the time to repeat doses in epidural anesthesia by the change in skin temperature]. PMID- 3446854 TI - [Epidural morphine infusion with a patient-controlled analgesic system for the relief of cancer pain]. PMID- 3446855 TI - [A clinical trial of sevoflurane in herniorrhaphy in children]. PMID- 3446856 TI - [A case of epinephrine-secreting pheochromocytoma with rapid increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]. PMID- 3446857 TI - [Anesthetic management of infants with congenital lobar emphysema by using independent lung ventilation]. PMID- 3446858 TI - [A new adapter for fiberoptic bronchoscopy for difficult intubation in a patient with Cockayne syndrome]. PMID- 3446859 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with gastric cancer complicated by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)]. PMID- 3446860 TI - [Social acceptance of anesthesiology]. PMID- 3446862 TI - [34th meeting of the Japanese Society of Anesthesiology. 2-4 April 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446861 TI - [An automated anesthesia recording system--its clinical evaluation and application in Japan]. PMID- 3446863 TI - [Relationship between molecular form of monoclonal IgA and relative serum viscosity]. PMID- 3446864 TI - [Age-related physiological changes in fibrinolysis activity and its role of pathogeneses in thrombotic disease]. PMID- 3446865 TI - [Effective vinca-alkaloid slow infusion therapy of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3446866 TI - ["B-triple V" therapy as a initial induction treatment of acute leukemias]. PMID- 3446867 TI - [The effect of oral high-dose amphotericin B in patients with acute leukemia: detection of fungi and prophylaxis for fungal infection]. PMID- 3446868 TI - [Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in childhood acute leukemia: prognostic implication of proliferative fraction (S-phase) of leukemic blasts]. PMID- 3446870 TI - [Analyses of relationship among chromosome abnormalities in hematopoietic neoplasms]. PMID- 3446869 TI - [Clinical characterization of long-term disease-free survivors with adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3446871 TI - [Congenital antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency with thrombosis of superior sagittal sinus and of inferior vena cava]. PMID- 3446872 TI - [Molecular hematology]. PMID- 3446873 TI - [Preparation and cloning of hemopoietic factors and its clinical application. b. Erythropoietin]. PMID- 3446874 TI - [Human leukocyte differentiation antigens and the International CD (cluster of differentiation) classification]. PMID- 3446875 TI - [Genetic analysis of human leukemia and molecular biology analysis]. PMID- 3446876 TI - [Amplification of oncogenes in hematopoietic malignancies]. PMID- 3446877 TI - [Gene analysis and genetic diagnosis of hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities. Pyruvate kinase deficiency]. PMID- 3446878 TI - [Gene analysis and genetic diagnosis of hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. PMID- 3446879 TI - [Gene analysis and genetic diagnosis of hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]. PMID- 3446880 TI - [Gene analysis and genetic diagnosis of hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities. Abnormal hemoglobins]. PMID- 3446881 TI - [Current status of molecular biology in blood coagulation]. PMID- 3446882 TI - [Growth, regeneration and transplantation of the nervous system]. PMID- 3446883 TI - [34th meeting of the Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology. 2-4 October 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446884 TI - [Bony sclerosis in patients with maxillofacial carcinoma]. PMID- 3446885 TI - [CT examination of maxillary carcinoma with intraorbital extension]. PMID- 3446886 TI - [Clinical value of peak hold DSA (PH-DSA) for transcatheter arterial embolization of head and neck lesions]. PMID- 3446887 TI - [CT evaluation of coronary artery calcification--comparison with coronary arteriography]. PMID- 3446888 TI - [Radiation therapy in breast preservation]. PMID- 3446889 TI - [Infradiaphragmatic extraperitoneal air accompanying pneumatosis intestinalis]. PMID- 3446890 TI - [201Tl uptake in a patient with thyroid cancer and fibrous dysplasia of bone]. PMID- 3446892 TI - [A case of meningioma detected fortuitously by bone scan]. PMID- 3446891 TI - [A case with repeatedly recurrent extracranial congenital arteriovenous malformations]. PMID- 3446894 TI - [86th annual meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Association. 10-12 April 1987, Yokohama. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446893 TI - [A case of hepatic arteriovenous malformation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]. PMID- 3446895 TI - [Proceedings of the 29th meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Kofu, 5-7 November 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446897 TI - [Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the Japan Association of Industrial Health]. PMID- 3446896 TI - [29th meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society. Osaka, 1-3 October 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446898 TI - [Automatic analysis of sleep polygraphy applied to lung diseases]. PMID- 3446899 TI - [New method for eliminating micro-bubble in the extracorporeal blood circulation system]. PMID- 3446900 TI - [Measurement of the phase characteristic of Holter ECG system]. PMID- 3446901 TI - [Development of computer controlled cardio-pulmonary bypass system]. PMID- 3446902 TI - [Development of telemetric ICP transducer]. PMID- 3446903 TI - [Measurement of binocular eye movements using fast normalized template matching unit]. PMID- 3446904 TI - [Characteristics of suction effusion fluid from skin--a new sample for transcutaneous measurement of blood biosubstances]. PMID- 3446905 TI - [Observation of portal systemic circulation after sclerotherapy and/or splenic embolization studied by Tl-201 per-rectal administration]. PMID- 3446906 TI - [Relationship between hemodynamic response to exercise and distribution of pulmonary perfusion in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 3446907 TI - [Left ventricular response to exercise in patients with primary dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment with radionuclide ventriculography]. PMID- 3446908 TI - [Estimation of hepatic functional reserve by asialoglycoprotein receptor-binding, radiolabeled synthetic ligand Tc-99m-galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin--preclinical and clinical studies]. PMID- 3446909 TI - [Evaluation of portosystemic shunt by transrectal portal scintigraphy with I-123 iodoamphetamine]. PMID- 3446910 TI - [Experimental production of MRI renal functional image using Gd-DTPA]. PMID- 3446911 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of "SCC RIABEAD" kit for immunoradiometric assay of squamous cell carcinoma related antigen]. PMID- 3446912 TI - [27th meeting of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Nagasaki, 1-3 October 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3446913 TI - [Medical topics: sudden death of cocaine abusers; serum iron deficiency and akathisia]. PMID- 3446915 TI - [Expression of feelings: reports]. PMID- 3446914 TI - [Health administration: poor care and poor administration]. PMID- 3446916 TI - [Expertness in nursing: schools of nursing for students with a BA]. PMID- 3446917 TI - [Nurses in clinical settings: administrative supervisor]. PMID- 3446918 TI - [On ILO convention and recommendation concerning employment and conditions of work and life of nursing personnel]. PMID- 3446919 TI - [Our Bodies Ourselves group]. PMID- 3446920 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Change of shift system--merits and demerits of three shift system]. PMID- 3446921 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Permanent night nurse]. PMID- 3446922 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Irregular three-shift system]. PMID- 3446923 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Primary nursing and shift system]. PMID- 3446924 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Primary midwife]. PMID- 3446925 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Making the best use of advantage of night nurse]. PMID- 3446926 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Suggested alternative shift system--four or six shifts]. PMID- 3446927 TI - [Shift system reconsidered. Problem of current shift system in hospital administration]. PMID- 3446928 TI - [Nurse manager of home for the elderly--our efforts to keep them dry and clean]. PMID- 3446929 TI - [Health administration: hospitals the consumers choose]. PMID- 3446930 TI - [Expression of feelings: local sentences]. PMID- 3446931 TI - [ILO convention and recommendation on nursing personnel]. PMID- 3446932 TI - [Promotion of visiting nursing service model project]. PMID- 3446933 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Activities--the best publicity of nursing]. PMID- 3446934 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Theory and practice: which is more persuasive?]. PMID- 3446935 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Nurse as a heroine in my story]. PMID- 3446937 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Expectation and criticism of nursing: need to publicize nursing to the public]. PMID- 3446936 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Need for social participation of professional nurses' organizations]. PMID- 3446938 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Publicizing nursing as a newspaper reporter]. PMID- 3446939 TI - [Publicity of nursing. Public relations activities of JNA]. PMID- 3446940 TI - [Nurses in clinical setting: encounters with vegetarian patients]. PMID- 3446941 TI - [The 6th World Transplant Games in Australia]. PMID- 3446942 TI - [Nurse manager of a home for the elderly--better services supported by community people]. PMID- 3446944 TI - [Health administration: classification of hospitals by function and the nursing service in these hospitals]. PMID- 3446943 TI - [Medical topics: low blood potassium; hepatitis delta virus]. PMID- 3446945 TI - [Expression of feelings: writing one's impressions]. PMID- 3446946 TI - [Nurses in clinical settings: my impressions of reading the series]. PMID- 3446947 TI - [ILO convention and recommendation on nursing personnel]. PMID- 3446948 TI - [Unbalanced diet and too much medication]. PMID- 3446949 TI - [Nursing participation in hospital design. Our experience with Kobe Citizen's Hospital]. PMID- 3446950 TI - [Nursing participation in hospital design. Introduction of single care room in new St. Luke International Hospital]. PMID- 3446951 TI - [Nursing participation in hospital design. Design of patient-centered hospital at Showa University Hospital]. PMID- 3446952 TI - [Nursing participation in hospital design. Emphasis on patients' comfort--design of St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital]. PMID- 3446953 TI - [Nursing participation in hospital design. Fundamental idea of hospital building design: need for nurse participation in the design]. PMID- 3446954 TI - [Report of ICN Council of National Representatives]. PMID- 3446955 TI - [Promotion of visiting nurse service model project]. PMID- 3446956 TI - Simulation of the effect of population size on the evolution of the recombination fraction. AB - A study, by means of computer simulation, has been performed on the evolution of recombination rate modifier genes in a system with three diallelic loci (A, B and C). The locus C, selectively neutral, is responsible for the modification of the recombination fraction between the major loci (A and B) which are subjected to selection. Two models have been analysed, the modifier allele being recessive in one of them, and codominant in the other, with infinite and finite populations. Distinct initial genic frequencies of the major loci and different selection coefficients have been utilised. We have found that the frequency of the allele which favours recombination increases in finite populations, and decreases slightly in infinite populations. These results are consistent with previous theory; presumably, selection favours alleles reducing recombination between epistatically interacting loci in a infinite population, since this reduces the breakup of advantageous combinations of alleles. However, in finite populations, selection favours the breakup of the random linkage disequilibria which are produced by random drift. PMID- 3446957 TI - A purine-pyrimidine motif verifying an identical presence in almost all gene taxonomic groups. AB - A statistical parameter identifies, with a high degree of significance, a motif which is present in protein-coding sequences of eukaryotes, prokaryotes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, viral introns, ribosomal RNA genes, and transfer RNA genes. The random probability of occurrence of such a situation is 10(-12). This motif has the following properties: (i) its significant presence in almost all present-day genes explains why it can be considered as primitive oligonucleotide, (ii) its nucleotide order is: YRY (N)6YRY, R being a purine base, Y a pyrimidine one and N any base, (iii) its length and its terminal trinucleotides YRY suggest a primordial function related to the spatial structure of the DNA sequences. This motif is found in some viral protein-coding genes, but not in eukaryotic introns. PMID- 3446958 TI - Kinetic models of cell shape changes and other optically-detected responses to stimulation. AB - Certain cellular responses to stimulation can be described as a continuous series of virtually infinite but real transient states generated by reactions occurring at the molecular level within the cell. While any particular state can in principle be isolated and examined by using appropriate methods to stop or freeze the reaction, adjacent or nearby states will generally be indistinguishable from one another by kinetic means. In favorable cases, however, the progress curves can be fitted to comparatively very simple kinetic models involving a limited number of steps, which accurately describe the real-time response within the limitations of the experimental setup. The simple series models have their origins in the continuous myriad-state or "microscopic" series description, and the observable or "macroscopic" kinetic rate constants are statistically related to the rate constants describing the transitions between the real states of the ongoing response. This indicates that different aspects of stimulus-response coupling, e.g., shape changes, alterations in cytosolic calcium levels and so forth, can be compared in a self-consistent fashion by modeling the individual responses in terms of simple parallel series models. PMID- 3446960 TI - Metabolic allometry: basic correlations are independent of units when properly converted. PMID- 3446959 TI - Biochemical investigation of tissue growth: towards definition of "standard" tissue samples. AB - This paper presents an animal model [the kangaroo], a quantitative anatomical dissection procedure, and a mathematical model [two-phase linear regression] which illustrate that body tissues grow at varying rates relative to each other. An argument is developed that biochemists interested in tissue chemical activity need to be able to sample tissue of known [predicted] growth rate. It is assumed that the ability to select, say muscle tissue samples, from any one animal at a stage of its growth where the individual selected pieces of tissue have known [predicted] low, average and high growth rates would allow comparisons to be made between the sampled tissues that may elucidate the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the growth process. It is asserted that to establish standards for tissue samples used in biochemical growth studies, the growth rate of the sampled tissue should be one of the criteria incorporated into the definition of what is "standard" for a tissue sample. PMID- 3446961 TI - [2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and hemoglobin glycosylation in the erythrocytes of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3446962 TI - [The L/S ratio and phosphatidylglycerol in the amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy, diabetic pregnancy and fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3446963 TI - [Morbidity and mortality from cancer of the female genital organs in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 3446964 TI - [Actinomycosis of the adnexa caused by an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 3446965 TI - [The post-abortion hematometra syndrome]. PMID- 3446966 TI - [Perinatal incidents in Pula 1981-1986]. PMID- 3446967 TI - [Rupture of the uterine cervix as a cause of hemorrhage in the 1st stage of labor]. PMID- 3446968 TI - New method for the assessment of neonatal respiratory sinus arrhythmia. PMID- 3446969 TI - Spectral analysis of closing sounds produced by Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthetic aortic heart valves. Part 1. Optimal number of poles and zeros for parametric spectral analysis. PMID- 3446970 TI - Spectral analysis of closing sounds produced by Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthetic aortic heart valves. Part 2. Computer simulation of aortic closing sounds and estimation of their truncation level and signal-to-noise ratio. PMID- 3446971 TI - Spectral analysis of closing sounds produced by Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthetic aortic heart valves. Part 3. Performance of FFT-based and parametric methods for extracting diagnostic spectral parameters. PMID- 3446972 TI - Clinically relevant computer model of cardiac rhythm and pacemaker/heart interaction. PMID- 3446973 TI - Computerised analysis of ST segment changes in ambulatory electrocardiograms. PMID- 3446974 TI - Use of cardan angles to locate rigid bodies in three-dimensional space. PMID- 3446975 TI - Simulation of nonstationary spectral analysis of turbulence in the aorta using a modified autoregressive or maximum entropy (AR/ME) method. PMID- 3446977 TI - Experimental and theoretical models of flow during forced expiration: pressure and pressure history dependence of flow rate. PMID- 3446976 TI - Effect of stenotic geometry on flow behaviour across stenotic models. PMID- 3446978 TI - Microprocessor-based auditory brainstem response (ABR) simulator. PMID- 3446979 TI - Three-electrode method to study event-related responses in skin electrical potential, admittance and blood flow. PMID- 3446980 TI - Spectral analysis of electro-oculograms in the quantitative evaluation of nystagmus surgery. PMID- 3446981 TI - Gait analysis using a measuring walkway for temporal and distance factors. PMID- 3446982 TI - Body shape measurement for scoliosis evaluation. PMID- 3446984 TI - Guidelines for manufacturers' manuals for use in developing countries. PMID- 3446983 TI - Computer-controlled pulsatile pump system for physiological flow simulation. PMID- 3446985 TI - [Presterilization treatment of dental instruments]. PMID- 3446986 TI - [Drum holder for surgical suture material]. PMID- 3446987 TI - [Treatment of maxillary sinusitis by drainage]. PMID- 3446988 TI - [Patriotic instruction of female students of a pediatrics institute in training them for the specialty of nurse]. PMID- 3446989 TI - [Clinical picture and treatment of chronic circulatory failure in children]. PMID- 3446990 TI - [Kidney diseases in children--their diagnosis and guided dispensary care]. PMID- 3446991 TI - [Lesions of the joints in children]. PMID- 3446992 TI - [Anaphylactic shock in children]. PMID- 3446993 TI - [Medical first aid in open craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 3446995 TI - [Endoscopic examination of patients with diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 3446994 TI - [Anesthesia in endoscopic studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3446996 TI - [Drug substances from plants in preparations for external use]. PMID- 3446997 TI - [Red currant]. PMID- 3446998 TI - [Operating tables. Their design and service characteristics]. PMID- 3446999 TI - [Smoking as a social hygiene problem]. PMID- 3447000 TI - [Characteristics of the methodology for performing 5-fraction duodenal intubation]. PMID- 3447001 TI - [Expertise of alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 3447002 TI - The molecular organization of the beta-globin complex of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. AB - Recombinant DNA clones have been isolated that contain 80 kb of the beta-globin complex from the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. Comparisons of this complex with that from the laboratory mouse, Mus domesticus (with an order 5'-Hbby, Hbb bhO, Hbb-bhl, Hbb-bh2, Hbb-bh3, Hbb-bl, Hbb-b2 3') highlight organizational trends in the beta-globin complex since the two species diverged. Unlike other mammals studied thus far, the deer mouse possesses three adult genes. Partial sequence analysis indicates that each of the three adult genes is intact and hence may be functional. Hybridization of one of the two Mus pseudogenes, Hbb bh3, to genomic blots from Peromyscus reveals that it has a homologous counterpart in Peromyscus. Homologous genes to the two gamma-like Mus genes, Hbb bhO and Hbb-bhl, are also found in Peromyscus. The strong hybridization between the Hbb-bhl genes and significant nucleotide similarity between the Hbb-bhO genes suggest that both pairs are important for the ontogeny of these mice although no known product has been identified for the Hbb-bhO genes. The presence of Hbb-bhO and Hbb-bhl in Peromyscus suggests that the duplication that created this related gene set occurred before the two lineages diverged. A single gene for Hbb-y has been isolated from Peromyscus. The adult region in Peromyscus has undergone significant divergence from the same region in Mus, having three rather than two adult genes, the acquisition of at least 15 kb of extra DNA relative to Mus, and possibly the loss of the Hbb-bh2 pseudogene. The nonadult region of the complex, in contrast, contains the same set of genes apparently distributed over the same amount of DNA as in the Mus beta-globin complex. This observation suggests that the embryonic region of the complex is more evolutionarily stable than the adult region. PMID- 3447003 TI - Rates of single-copy DNA evolution in herons. AB - DNA-DNA hybridization was used to discover the extent of single-copy DNA similarity among 13 species of herons and one ibis. Genetic distances among taxa were summarized as Tm values in a folded matrix. From this matrix, trees with the same branching pattern were constructed by least squares under one of two assumptions: (1) that sister branches are equal in length and (2) that sister branches are not necessarily equal in length. The residual sums of squares of these trees were compared by F-test to see whether the branches of the tree built under assumption (2) fit the matrix data significantly better than those of the tree built under assumption (1). By this method the existence of different rates of DNA evolution in different heron lineages was established. Bittern single-copy DNA has evolved at a rate approximately 25% faster, and boat-billed heron (Cochearius) and rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) DNA has evolved approximately 19% slower, than that of day and night herons. It appears that the differences in rates of DNA evolution may increase proportionally with genealogical distance. PMID- 3447004 TI - Data from hybrid species supporting the MC'F assortment-exclusion hypothesis. PMID- 3447005 TI - Evolution of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene in anurans: regions of variability and their phylogenetic implications. AB - Fifteen restriction sites were mapped to the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of individuals representing 54 species of frogs, two species of salamanders, a caecilian, and a lungfish. Eight of these sites were present in all species examined, and two were found in all but one species. Alignment of these conserved restriction sites revealed, among anuran 28S rRNA genes, five regions of major length variation that correspond to four of 12 previously identified divergent domains of this gene. One of the divergent domains (DD8) consists of two regions of length variation separated by a short segment that is conserved at least throughout tetrapods. Most of the insertions, deletions, and restriction-site variations identified in the 28S gene will require sequence-level analysis for a detailed reconstruction of their history. However, an insertion in DD9 that is coextensive with frogs in the suborder Neobatrachia, a BstEII site that is limited to representatives of two leptodactylid subfamilies, and a deletion in DD10 that is found only in three ranoid genera are probably synapomorphies. PMID- 3447006 TI - Accuracy of phylogenetic trees estimated from DNA sequence data. AB - The relative merits of four different tree-making methods in obtaining the correct topology were studied by using computer simulation. The methods studied were the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), Fitch and Margoliash's (FM) method, thd distance Wagner (DW) method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris (MF) method. An ancestral DNA sequence was assumed to evolve into eight sequences following a given model tree. Both constant and varying rates of nucleotide substitution were considered. Once the DNA sequences for the eight extant species were obtained, phylogenetic trees were constructed by using corrected (d) and uncorrected (p) nucleotide substitutions per site. The topologies of the trees obtained were then compared with that of the model tree. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: (1) The probability of obtaining the correct rooted or unrooted tree is low unless a large number of nucleotide differences exists between different sequences. (2) When the number of nucleotide substitutions per sequence is small or moderately large, the FM, DW, and MF methods show a better performance than UPGMA in recovering the correct topology. The former group of methods is particularly good for obtaining the correct unrooted tree. (3) When the number of substitutions per sequence is large, UPGMA is at least as good as the other methods, particularly for obtaining the correct rooted tree. (4) When the rate of nucleotide substitution varies with evolutionary lineage, the FM, DW, and MF methods show a better performance in obtaining the correct topology than UPGMA, except when a rooted tree is to be produced from data with a large number of nucleotide substitutions per sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447007 TI - A rate-independent technique for analysis of nucleic acid sequences: evolutionary parsimony. AB - The method of evolutionary parsimony--or operator invariants--is a technique of nucleic acid sequence analysis related to parsimony analysis and explicitly designed for determining evolutionary relationships among four distantly related taxa. The method is independent of substitution rates because it is derived from consideration of the group properties of substitution operators rather than from an analysis of the probabilities of substitution in branches of a tree. In both parsimony and evolutionary parsimony, three patterns of nucleotide substitution are associated one-to-one with the three topologically linked trees for four taxa. In evolutionary parsimony, the three quantities are operator invariants. These invariants are the remnants of substitutions that have occurred in the interior branch of the tree and are analogous to the substitutions assigned to the central branch by parsimony. The two invariants associated with the incorrect trees must equal zero (statistically), whereas only the correct tree can have a nonzero invariant. The chi 2-test is used to ascertain the nonzero invariant and the statistically favored tree. Examples, obtained using data calculated with evolutionary rates and branchings designed to camouflage the true tree, show that the method accurately predicts the tree, even when substitution rates differ greatly in neighboring peripheral branches (conditions under which parsimony will consistently fail). As the number of substitutions in peripheral branches becomes fewer, the parsimony and the evolutionary-parsimony solutions converge. The method is robust and easy to use. PMID- 3447008 TI - Duplicated splice site (in a human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-CW3 gene) PMID- 3447010 TI - DNA-DNA hybridization evidence of the rapid rate of muroid rodent DNA evolution. AB - Single-copy nuclear DNAs (scnDNAs) of eight species of arvicoline and six species of murine rodents were compared using DNA-DNA hybridization. The branching pattern derived from the DNA comparisons is congruent with the fossil evidence and supported by comparative biochemical, chromosomal, and morphological studies. The recently improved fossil record for these lineages provides seven approximate divergence dates, which were used to calibrate the DNA-hybridization data. The average rate of scnDNA divergence was estimated as 2.5%/Myr. This is approximately 10 times the rate in the hominoid primates. These results agree with previous reports of accelerated DNA evolution in muroid rodents and extend the DNA-DNA hybridization data set of Brownell. PMID- 3447009 TI - Amino acid sequence versus morphological data and the interordinal relationships of mammals. AB - To a large extent, the mutual affinities of the mammalian orders continue to puzzle systematists, even though comparative anatomy and amino acid sequencing offer a massive data base from which these relationships could potentially be adduced. In the present paper the consistency index--the number of character states less the number of characters in a data set, divided by the total number of changes in the character states on a cladogram--was used to examine the relative resolving powers of recently published morphological and molecular sequence data. Consistency indices were calculated for previously published alpha crystallin A chain and myoglobin amino acid-sequence cladograms and for four original amino acid-sequence cladograms (alpha crystallin A, myoglobin, and alpha and beta hemoglobin); these were found to be comparable to the consistency indices of morphologically based cladograms. Qualitative comparisons between the morphologically based and molecularly based trees were also made; only moderate congruence between the two was observed. Moreover, there was a general lack of congruence between the cladograms specified by each of the four proteins. Amino acid-sequence and morphological data agreed on the placement of edentates as an early eutherian offshoot and on the grouping of hyracoids, proboscideans, and sirenians. Otherwise there was only limited congruence: morphology strongly supported the grouping of lagomorphs and rodents and the alliance of pholidotes and edentates, but sequence analyses did not. The placement of tubulidentates differed widely among proteins. Morphology indicated the close association of sirenians with proboscideans; proteins suggested a pairing of sirenians with hyracoids. Sequence data did not identify many (morphologically well-diagnosed) orders as monophyletic (e.g., Lagomorpha).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447011 TI - Temperature-dependent kinetic variation among phosphoglucose isomerase allozymes from the wing-polymorphic water strider, Limnoporus canaliculatus. AB - Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) allozymes were isolated from the wing-polymorphic water strider, Limnoporus canaliculatus, and were characterized biochemically with respect to temperature-dependent kinetic and thermostability properties. At higher temperatures, the allozymes exhibited significant differences in Michaelis constant (Km) values for substrates of both the forward and reverse reaction directions. Results were consistent with expectations of adaptive kinetic differentiation based on the latitudinal variation of PGI allele frequencies. PGI genotypes also differed with regard to maximal velocity (Vmax)/Km ratios at higher temperatures. These differences were due primarily, if not exclusively, to allozyme-dependent variation in Km values. The allozymes also exhibited dramatic differences in thermostability. However, no thermostability differences were observed when the substrate analogue 6-phosphogluconate was present in the incubation medium. The data from this study, together with data from Mytilus edulis and Metridium senile on temperature-dependent kinetic variation among PGI allozymes, form a consistent picture of natural selection influencing the clinal variation of alleles at this locus in these three phylogenetically distant organisms. More definitive support of this hypothesis, however, must await additional studies on the physiological effects of the allozymic variation as well as direct measurements of fitness differences among the enzyme genotypes. PMID- 3447012 TI - Intraspecific DNA divergence in Drosophila: a study on parthenogenetic D. mercatorum. AB - Drosophila mercatorum is a species that can give rise to totally homozygous parthenogenetic strains. Using the technique of DNA-DNA hybridization, we have assessed the overall single-copy DNA differences among three independently derived strains that represent three independent genomes. Among strains, the average difference between homoduplex and heteroduplex median melting temperatures is 1.3 degrees C. This represents greater than or equal to 1.3% base pair mismatch. Normalized percent of reassociation indicates further genetic differences, probably reflecting insertion/deletion differences and/or regions of the genome that are highly variable. This overall intraspecific genetic variation is higher than generally is thought to exist but is consistent with growing evidence of extensive DNA diversity within species of invertebrates. High intraspecific DNA variation may be correlated with rapid phyletic rates of evolution. Because of this high level of variation, the technique of DNA-DNA hybridization may be used to study intraspecific variation in invertebrates but is limited in its usefulness for higher systematic studies. PMID- 3447013 TI - The evolution of prokaryotic ferredoxins--with a general method correcting for unobserved substitutions in less branched lineages. AB - Thirty-one bacterial type ferredoxins were examined by means of the parsimony method for their phylogenetic implications. The results show reasonable relationships in that photosynthetic, thermophilic, and desulfovibrio groups are identifiable; but a number of interesting anomalies occur. These include a methanogen sequence that clusters among the desulfovibrios. There are several differences from the phylogeny of Woese. At least two duplications producing paralogous genes are demonstrated, plus the probable existence of two more. The partial internal gene duplication that doubled the length of ferredoxin is confirmed by showing that the probability of the two ancestrally reconstructed halves possessing that much similarity by chance is 10(-7). Howard and co-workers proposed that the two halves of the Azotobacter vinelandii are reversed relative to most other sequences. A phylogeny, drawn with the halves of the azotobacter sequence (and its relatives) reversed produced a tree that had only three less nucleotide substitutions than did the tree without their halves reversed. This plus other evidence suggests that the significantly greater similarity observed across rather than within the halves is more likely the result of convergence. PMID- 3447014 TI - A statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences of introns and exons in human genes. AB - DNA sequences of 56 human genes for which information on both exons and introns was available were examined. The variance in G+C content among genes is estimated and shown to be substantial. There is a high correlation in G+C content between exons and introns within the same gene. The dinucleotide frequencies of introns are similar to those of intergenic spacer regions and are in reasonable agreement with predictions from substitution rates estimated from pseudogenes, except that the observed deficiency of TA doublets is not predicted. Duplicated bases also show a frequency greater than the expectation under independence. There is marked variability among genes in the frequency of the doublet CG relative to its expectation under independence. This variation is evolutionarily conserved and is correlated with the G+C content. Pseudogenes behave as if they are in a low -G+C, CG-deficient part of the genome, although the genes from which they arose are variable in these respects. PMID- 3447015 TI - The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. AB - A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods. PMID- 3447016 TI - [Distribution and typing in salmonellosis in children 1978-1983]. AB - 329 infants with salmonellosis were evaluated in Pediatric and Microbiology Department of Anadolu University Teaching and Training Hospital. It was established 127 (38.6%) S. typhimurium, 42 (12.8%) S. typhosa and 6 (1.8%) S. paratyphi A and B in our series. Besides these serotypes, 154 (46.8%) patients could not be typed. S. typhimurium was importantly noticed than other types (p less than 0.001) and this feature makes the distribution of typing of salmonellosis in children as characteristic. This infection was encountered especially between December (8.5%), it made peak in January (20.3%) and April (9.73%) period. Then, between April-December, this infections was established quite lower (p less than 0.001). This distribution is specific for Eskisehir district, and it was gradually decreased year by year (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3447017 TI - [Brucellosis: clinical and laboratory findings and treatment in 40 patients]. AB - Forty patients with brucellosis were hospitalized and clinical and laboratory findings of patients were recorded, treatment regimens were discussed. Twenty five of the patients were males and 15 of the patients were females. Leukopenia 21.62%, anemia 27.02% and ESR elevation 83.87% were found. Fever and exhaustion were present all of the patients. Arthralgia, nonproductive cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and night sweating were the other common symptoms. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and ronchus were imported physical examination findings. First choice treatment solution was tetracycline-streptomycin combination and this combination succeed 89.19 in percent. Relapses were treated with rifampicin. PMID- 3447018 TI - [Effect of physiological factors on biosynthesis of urease in Bacillus spp]. AB - In this study, urea was shown to be the inducer of the urease enzyme of the soil isolate Bacillus spp. The extracellular urease enzyme production was repressed in UGT cultures containing ammonia, ammonium chloride or tryptophane and in nutrient broth cultures. The optimal urease production culture conditions were determined as pH: 7.0, 30 degrees C and 150 rpm. PMID- 3447019 TI - [A new test for Toxoplasma gondii serology: carbon immunoassay]. AB - Several tests with various sensitivities are available for sero-epidemiologic and diagnostic purposes in T. gondii serology. Carbon Immuno Assay test has been developed in recent years based on binding of carbon particles present in Indian ink by Toxoplasma-specific antibodies combined with Toxoplasma trophozoites. In this study, CIA test has been modified and compared with Sabin-Feldman Dye and ELISa Toxo-IgG tests. PMID- 3447020 TI - [Neurologic complications due to a sample type of rabies vaccination]. AB - Neuroparalytic accidents due to sample type rabies vaccination are still an important problem in our country. We present seven patients with ascending polyneuritis, due to rabies vaccine, treated between 1982-1986, and discuss the importance of the problem. PMID- 3447021 TI - [Effects of disinfectants on Campylobacter jejuni]. AB - The effect of three disinfectants on Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry feces was investigated. Two-fold dilutions of ethyl alcohol, formalin and benzalkonium chloride were contacted with bacterial suspension in 1 to 60 minutes. Seventy per cent of ethyl alcohol and 2.5 per cent of formalin killed all bacteria within one minute. Benzalkonium chloride (1:50.000) was effective to all bacteria within 5 minutes. Under the conditions of this study, the recommended standard concentrations of disinfectants examined were adequate to destroy C. jejuni. PMID- 3447022 TI - [Levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli in the dental plaque of caries-prone and caries-free persons]. AB - The ratio of Streptococcus mutans to the total streptococci and lactobacilli to the total plaque bacteria in dental plaque (smooth-pits and fissures) of 10 caries-prone, mean, number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) 13, and 10 caries-free mean DMFT 1.7, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry students ages 19-22 is investigated. The ratio of S. mutans to the total streptococci in the smooth-surface plaque was found lower than pits and fissures in the caries prone and caries-free groups. The ratio of S. mutans to the total streptococci in the smooth surface and pit and fissures plaques in the caries-prone group was found higher than caries-free group. PMID- 3447023 TI - [Occupational risk in the asbestos cement industry]. PMID- 3447024 TI - Immunological aspects of occupational lead exposure. PMID- 3447025 TI - [A sequential system for sampling the respirable fraction of dusts]. PMID- 3447026 TI - [Behavior of urinary D-glucaric acid in occupational exposure to inorganic lead]. PMID- 3447027 TI - [Retrobulbar neuritis in a worker exposed to styrene]. PMID- 3447028 TI - [Occupational exposure to vibration and Dupuytren's disease: a case-controlled study]. PMID- 3447029 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in occupational exposure to dyes in the textile industry]. PMID- 3447030 TI - [Occupational exposure to mercury vapors at a scientific laboratory]. PMID- 3447031 TI - [Occupational medicine: realities and prospects]. PMID- 3447032 TI - [Basic consideration of Social Health Insurance Committee on remuneration for surgical operations]. PMID- 3447033 TI - [Management of malignant ascites by intraperitoneal injection of OK-432. Possible mechanism of the reduction of original tumor mass volume]. AB - We studied the effect of intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 on the growth of original tumor mass in patients with malignant ascites and a possible mechanism of reduction of tumor volume. Sixteen patients with valuable original tumor mass and a large amount of ascites caused by gastro-intestinal cancer were studied. Tumor cells were separated from ascitic fluids and cultured in vitro before the study. Lymphocytes were collected from the fluids at varying intervals after intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 and cultured 24 hours in vitro. Effect of the culture supernatant on ascites-derived autologous tumor cell growth was examined in vitro using microplate assay. The results were as follows. 1) Reduction of tumor mass more than four weeks was found in 4 of 16 cases. 2) Before OK-432 injection, the culture supernatant from ascites-derived lymphocytes did not inhibit autotumor cell growth in vitro. But, the supernatant from lymphocytes which were collected from the ascites after OK-432 injection markedly inhibited tumor growth in all of 4 tumor mass reduction cases. In 12 non-reduction cases the supernatant slightly inhibited tumor growth only in 2 cases. 3) A similar growth inhibitory factor was detected in the mixed culture-supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes and OK-432 in vitro. 4) Preliminary studies indicated that the tumor growth inhibitory factor might be different from tumor necrosis factor and interferons. These results indicate that ascites-derived lymphocytes-producing factor may play an important role in reduction of tumor mass volume in patients with cancerous ascites. PMID- 3447034 TI - [Bone disorder in long-term survival after gastrectomy with reference to bone mineral content]. AB - To investigate post-gastrectomy metabolic bone disorder, the radial bone mineral content (BMC) was measured with 125I-photon absorptiometry in 131 long-term survivors, the postoperative periods ranged 3 to 30 years. Sixty-eight patients (52 per cent) showed abnormally low BMC levels compared with healthy controls. The 43 patients with total gastrectomy manifested a higher incidence of decreased BMC levels than did the other 88 patients with partial gastrectomy. In females, patients subjected to the Billroth II procedure manifested low BMC values. The extent of the decline in BMC was much higher in females than in males, and higher in totally gastrectomized patients than in partial gastrectomy group. At more than 10 years postoperatively many patients manifested markedly low BMC levels; in totally gastrectomized patients this finding was made at less than 5 years postoperatively. A significant correlation was found between the extent of the decreased BMC levels and the postoperative periods. Of the patients with decreased BMC values, 30 per cent of them gave histories of osseous symptom after gastrectomy, however, 70 per cent of patients were asymptomatic. Based on the results, in long-term survival treated by total or partial gastrectomy, many patients present an osteopenic status, however, the number of those with clinically manifested bone disease such as osteomalacia may be low. PMID- 3447035 TI - [The analyses of intestinal microcirculation by histometrical studies of arterial media in Crohn's disease]. AB - On the assumption that the ulcerogenesis in Crohn's disease is closely linked with intestinal ischemia, we studied the pattern of vascular reaction of resected specimen using the technic of histometry. The atrophy of media in peripheral arterioles, indicating the presence of ischemia was notable not only in Crohn's disease but also in other benign bowel diseases except for ulcerative colitis. Eighteen cases of Crohn's disease could be divided into two groups. In 11 cases of type I group, the thickening of media, suggesting the appearance of vascular resistance, was shown in the distal mesenterial arteries. On the other hand, in seven of type II group, the atrophy of media was observed in the mesenterial arteries as well as arterioles, suggesting the vascular resistance exists in upper stream arteries. These changes were observed even in the disease-free areas. Since the intimal thickening becomes apparent after the appearance of medial change, intimal change may be occurred secondarily but may be one of the factors which accelerate ischemia. These results suggest that the ischemia plays an important role in ulcerogenesis, and microcirculatory disturbance is specific in Crohn's disease. PMID- 3447036 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of nuclear DNA distribution in colorectal cancer]. AB - The nuclear DNA content of paraffin-embedded materials was measured by microfluorometry in 108 colorectal (59 colon and 49 rectal) cancers and 29 metastatic liver tumors from the colorectum. The classification of the nuclear DNA distribution is as follows: Low ploidy, 10% greater than over 4C; intermediate ploidy, 10% less than or equal to over 4C and 10% greater than over 6C; high ploidy, 10% less than or equal to over 6C. In primary lesions, thirty one (29%) were found to contain cells with high ploidy. The ploidy pattern was not related to pathological stage. However, in curatively resected cases, only 24% of patients with high ploidy survived 10 years. This 10 year-survival rate was significantly lower as compared with 80% and 88% of patients with intermediate and low ploidy, respectively (p less than 0.05). In non-curatively resected cases, no patients with high ploidy survived 2 years, although 21% and 67% of patients with intermediate and low ploidy survived, respectively. In metastatic liver lesions, eleven materials (42%) were found to contain cells with high ploidy. Prognosis of patients with high ploidy was worse than that with intermediate and low ploidy (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that the nuclear DNA distribution in colorectal cancers may be an important prognostic factor, independent of pathological stage. PMID- 3447037 TI - [Preoperative assessment of risk for gastroenterological operations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis]. AB - In order to devise an easy and available method to assess the surgical risk of cirrhotic patients, we reviewed 52 cirrhotic patients who underwent gastroenterological operations at Tokyo Kosei Nenkin Hospital between 1968 and 1982, by means of multivariant discriminant analysis. Utilizing presence of ascites, serum albumin, ICG R15, prothrombin time and platelet count, we estimated the surgical risk as Risk Score. Furthermore, our method predicted short-term survival of other 150 cirrhotic patients who underwent gastroenterological operations at the First Surgical Department The University of Tokyo between 1968 and 1985. We conclude that our method is easily available, and that cirrhotic patients with Risk Score less than or equal to 2.5 tolerate all the gastroenterological operations except hepatic major resection, and that those with Risk Score of residual liver less than or equal to 2.5 tolerate well hepatic major resection. PMID- 3447038 TI - [Postoperative local thermo-chemotherapy in control of residual pleural diseases after resection of primary lung carcinoma--regulation of dissemination]. AB - Pleural dissemination was proved by intraoperative histodiagnosis in 11 of 121 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung between April, 1985 and December, 1986. To control such intrathoracic residual diseases, we devised a means of local thermo-chemotherapy. Ten of 11 patients were treated with intrapleurally administrated cisplatin (50-100mg, bolus) combined with simultaneous radiofrequency hyperthermia (13.56 MHz) for 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. Courses were repeated at 5-to 7-day intervals. Eight patients had N2-disease, one N1 and the other NX. Eight were adenocarcinomas. Thermal burn of the chest wall with hyperkalemia was observed in only one patient who received thermotherapy at the over a magnetrode power of 450 watts for 50 minutes. In the other 9, side effects were minimal under the thermotherapy to obtain a peripleural temperature beyond 42 degrees C. Of the 10 patients, three lived more than 12 months after treatment. Although distant metastases were recognized in 6 cases, none had local recurrence for the median follow-up period of 6 months. One patient had metastasis to the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. Because there was no evidence of intrathoracic recurrences in this patient, radical neck dissection were performed 15 months after the initial operation. This experience warrants further investigation of thermo-chemotherapy as a treatment for controlling pleural dissemination after resection of primary tumor. PMID- 3447039 TI - [Vascular endoscopy using a flexible fiberscope with a thin external diameter; experimental and clinical studies]. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate capability of a fiberscope with a thin external diameter (2. 5mm, Olympus PF25-L) in observing the inner surface of blood vessels in animals and humans. Vascular endoscopy was firstly performed in three living dogs. The inner surface of canine abdominal aorta was not be fully inspected because of retrograde blood flow from the renal and lumbal arteries, but by blocking the proximal and distal blood flow using Fogarty catheters that of canine iliac artery including a flap of intima of 1mm diameter could be successfully observed. As clinical application of this endoscope the inspection of intravascular structures of Dardik's Biografts obliterated after peripheral bypass surgery were performed. In every case, bellows-like inner surface of this graft and several shapes of stenosis could be clearly recognized. Thus this endoscope presented the good optical quality, but due to lack of an angulating system visualization of anastomotic site was not achieved in most cases. No patient incurred complications of any sort. We conclude that vascular endoscopy using this type of endoscope can be performed safely, and provide useful information to the field of peripheral vascular surgery, but for the widespread clinical use of this vascular endoscopy, efforts should be made to improve the endoscope system itself and the method of effective interruption of blood flow. PMID- 3447040 TI - [Crural arterio-venous fistula due to orthopedic surgery. A report of a case]. AB - A rare case of crural arterio-venous fistulae due to orthopedic surgery was presented. A 60-year-old female patient received a corrective fibulotomy just below the fibular head under the diagnosis of osteoarthropathy of the left knee joint 3 years ago. Intractable pain and swelling of the left leg appeared shortly after operation, probably due to deep vein thrombosis. A faint thrill on the left saphenous vein afforded a clue for detecting a co-existing arterio-venous fistula. Confirmative cine-angiography revealed a few a-v-fistulae at the level of crural trifurcation, which might have exacerbated the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis. On entering the trifurcation, which was embedded in scar tissues, there were two a-v-fistulae, originating separately from the peroneal artery and the posterior tibial artery. These fistulae were closed directly, one from the peroneal artery through the lateral approach resecting the upper one third of the fibula, and the other from the posterior tibial artery through the standard medial approach. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the swollen leg subsided rapidly with remarkable improvement of symptoms such as pain, dullness, night cramp of the calf and etc. Concerning to the medical literature on iatrogenic arterio-venous fistula due to orthopedic surgery, no similar case has been reported at least in these ten years on crural arterio-venous fistula after corrective fibulotomy. PMID- 3447041 TI - [Tumor growth inhibition by water-soluble substance from Panax ginseng]. PMID- 3447042 TI - [Role of extracellular matrix in the development of gastric carcinoma with special reference to the effects of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in cell culture]. PMID- 3447044 TI - [87th meeting of the Japan Surgical Society. Tokyo, 1-3 April 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3447043 TI - [Fundamental study on a skeletal muscle pump for cardiac assist device--how to overcome muscle fatigue]. PMID- 3447045 TI - [Parallel DNA]. AB - The group of possible DNA sequences in described by Newton polynominal: (a + t + + g + c)n. It divides into two subgroups with given n: 1) with parallel and 2) with antiparallel type of complementarity. It is argued that increases decreases DNA is not unique, and some models of increases decreases DNA and conjugation of increases increases and increases decreases DNA forms are proposed. The completeness of biological realization of the group is discussed in terms of pK reduction of its formal diversity. PMID- 3447046 TI - [Interaction of synthetic pentapeptide with DNA: specificity of binding and compactness of DNA]. AB - Binding of synthetic pentapeptide Val-Thr-Thr-Val-Val-N2H2Dns (where Dns is a residue of 5-dimethylamino naphthyl-1-sulfonic acid) is studied by circular dichroism, electron microscopy and fluorescence methods. It is found that this peptide can self-associate in aqueous solution as revealed from the concentration dependent changes in the UV absorbance and fluorescence spectra. At high peptide concentration (3.10(-4) M) massive peptide aggregates are formed in solution and can be visualized by electron microscopy. It is shown that pentapeptide binds to DNA predominantly in a self-associated form and exhibits preferences for certain nucleotide sequences. It binds more strongly to poly(dG).poly(dC) and poly[d(A C)].poly[d(G-T)] than to poly(dA).poly(dT). The complex with poly(dA).poly(dT) dissociates in the presence of 0.05 M NaCl, whereas the complex with poly(dG).poly(dC) is stable even in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl. The binding is a cooperative process which is accompanied by compaction of DNA at peptide/DNA base pair ratios greater than 2. At the initial stage of the compaction process the coalescence of DNA segments covered by bound peptide molecules results in the formation of DNA loops stabilized by interaction between bound peptide molecules. Increasing peptide/DNA ratio leads to the formation of rod-like particles as revealed from electron microscopy studies. Further increase in the peptide concentration leads to folding of fibrillar macromolecular complexes into globula each containing a single DNA molecule. PMID- 3447047 TI - [Enzyme immunologic method for the study of left-handed DNA]. AB - A brominated poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)] which forms a stable Z-DNA helix under physiological salt conditions was prepared. The rabbits were immunized with the brominated polynucleotide complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. Antisera that are highly specific to the Z-DNA were produced: there is practically no interaction between the antisera and the native or denaturated DNA and the B-form of poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)]. This makes possible their use as reagents for determining the presence of Z-DNA in biological systems. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that permits detection of 5 ng/ml Z-DNA was developed. This method was used for studying the B-Z transition and for antigenic determinant characterization. It was established, that formaldehyde amino-derivatives interact with the antigenic determinant and prevent the immunochemical assay of Z-DNA. The H1 and H3 histones prevent and and spermine increases the interaction of Z-DNA with antibodies. PMID- 3447048 TI - [Relation between the spectral NMR parameters and conformation characteristics of the amino acid residue backbone. Analysis of elements of the secondary structure of proteins]. AB - Based on the analysis of the proton-proton distance dependences from the conformational characteristics of the L-amino acid residues, the correlation diagram of the NOE cross peak intensity waited values with the regions of the sterically allowed space (phi, psi) was proposed. The method for determining the dihedral angles phi, psi values using the information about NOE cross peak intensities was elaborated. By the model spectral NMR parameters of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, it is shown that the accuracy of the angles phi, psi determination exceed the corresponding accuracy provided by other methods of the structural interpretation of the two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy data. The analysis of the waited spectral NMR parameters for the different types of protein regular secondary structures and beta-turns was performed. PMID- 3447049 TI - [Structure of illexine I2 and its complexes with DNA]. AB - Conformational peculiarities of illexine I2 both in the solution and in the complexes with DNA were studied by circular dichroism, UV-spectroscopy and spectrophotometric melting. IIlexine I2 is shown to have an extended left-handed helical conformation of poly-L-proline II type, that are stable in a wide range of experimental conditions. Upon interaction of illexine I2 with DNA, the parameters of conformation are somewhat distorted but the main peculiarities remain. The DNA double helix changes from B- to the divection of C-form at its interaction with illexine I2. The interaction of illexine I2 with DNA at low ionic strength is non-cooperative and is characterized by some specificity to A- T sequences of DNA. Illexine I2 strongly affects the DNA stability by increasing the melting temperature of DNA. PMID- 3447050 TI - [Study of the hydration characteristics of nucleic acid bases and their complementary pairs using the Monte-Carlo method]. AB - To elucidate the role of certain atomic groups in the formation of the nucleic acid hydrate shell, we simulated the systems involving a base or a complementary pair (the base molecules are methylated in N9 of purines and in N1 of pyrimidines) and 25 water molecules using the Monte-Carlo method. All hydrophilic centers, except for N1 purines and N3 pyrimidines in complementary pairs, form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) with water molecules. The mean numbers of H-bonds formed by different centers, and distributions of the geometric characteristics of these bonds, which appeared similar to those in crystals, have been calculated. The formation of bridges of one, two of three water molecules between hydrophilic centers was shown. The probabilities of formation of these bridges have been calculated. PMID- 3447051 TI - [Various characteristics of proteins from HeLa cella specifically binding to the human ALU sequence]. AB - Two proteins with molecular weights of 40 and 80 kDa which are able to bind human Alu-repeat in a sequence-specific manner were found in HeLa nuclear extracts. The proteins were partially purified by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and FPLC MonoQ sorbent. One of the Alu-binding proteins (ABP2 with m. w. of 80 kDa) was found to bind the sequence within the Alu-repeat that has a homology with the T-antigen binding site of SV40, suggesting that ABP2 is the cellular analog of SV40 T-antigen. PMID- 3447052 TI - [Structure of poly(dA).poly(dT) from data of x-ray diffraction, energy calculations and nuclear magnetic resonance]. AB - The results of X-ray diffraction studies of poly(dA).poly(dT) have been compared with the results of energy optimization and with the NMR data in solution. Slight refinement of the X-ray and energetically optimal models leads to a very good quantitative agreement with the NMR data, that suggests similarity of the poly(dA).poly(dT) structure in a condensed state and in solution. One of the features distinguishing these models from the classic B form is a narrowed minor groove of the double helix. The anomalous properties of DNA with this sequence can be related specific organization of the water molecules near the polynucleotide. PMID- 3447053 TI - [Difference in the Mossbauer spectrum parameters and electron structure of active sites of non-equivalent subunits of tetrameric deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin]. AB - The calculations of the electronic structure of fifth-coordinated ferroporphyrin imidazole complexes modeling alpha- and beta-subunits in desoxyhemoglobin and desoxymyoglobin are made using the interative extended Huckel method. The features of the electronic structure of the model complexes resulting from the stereochemical differences of the active site are studied and compared. Theoretical calculations of the Mossbauer parameters of model complexes are made and compared with experimental data. The results show that basic features of the Mossbauer parameters are qualitatively confirmed by the theoretical analysis. The necessity of the accounting of the stereochemical and electronic structure nonequivalence of nonidentical subunits in tetrameric desoxyhemoglobins during the Mossbauer spectra approximation is also confirmed. PMID- 3447054 TI - [NMR study of ricin conformation. High mobility of N-terminal regions of A- and B subunits]. PMID- 3447055 TI - [Effect of gangliosides Gm1 and Gm3 on the binding, internalization and cytotoxic activity of ricin]. PMID- 3447056 TI - [Properties of bacteriophage T4 modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide]. AB - Treating of the bacteriophage T4B with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide results in extension of long fibers and contraction of tail sheaths. The unreorganized hexagonal baseplate attachment to the distal end of the tail core remains intact. Such aberrantly contracted phages are shown to retain the ability to absorb on the bacterial surface. The absorption is inhibited by sucrose and does not require the presence of 1-tryptophan. The aberrantly contracted phages lose the infection ability. PMID- 3447057 TI - [Difference in the mechanism of self-assembly in vitro in tobacco mosaic virus and potato virus X]. AB - The effects of 254 nm UV-irradiation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX) RNA preparations on the RNA ability to self-assembly in vitro with the viral coat proteins were studied. It was found that while TMV RNA ability to assemble with the homologous protein is rapidly inactivated by the UV irradiation, PVX RNA ability to be encapsidated by the PVX coat protein is quite resistant to the irradiation. More than that, the irradiation of TMV RNA with the dose strongly inhibiting its assembly with the homologous protein, did not result in any significant inhibition of this RNA ability to be coated with the PVX protein. The results testify to the profound differences in the mechanisms of RNA protein interactions in the processes of self-assembly in vitro of tobamoviruses and potexviruses. PMID- 3447058 TI - [Evaluation of binaural interaction by the characteristics of short-latency auditory evoked potentials in guinea pigs]. AB - Binaural interaction was evaluated by determination of the curve of difference between the algebraic sum of brainstem evoked potentials which had been registered under monaural stimulation of right and left ear and potentials which had been registered under binaural stimulation. The curve of difference is characterized by three peaks: N1, P1, N2 with peak latency IV-IV' without any masking noise, and during masking with the signal-to-noise ratio of +20-0 dB additional peaks N0P0 are registered in III-III' latency regions on the difference curve. With an increase of the sound pressure level from 47 to 107 dB the P1N2 amplitude grows and relation of the P1N2 amplitude to wave amplitude IV of the sum of potentials registered during monaural right and left ear stimulation remains constant. Under masking conditions the above relation increases with worsening of the signal-to-noise ratio and the P1N2 amplitude decreases. Binaural interaction pattern is not supposed to alter with an increase in the click intensity level, and during masking with the signal-to-noise ratio of +20-0 dB specific features of neurophysiological mechanisms of binaural interaction are observed. PMID- 3447059 TI - [Analysis of the organization of background activity of the septal neurons of the guinea pig in vitro]. AB - Activity of medial septum-diagonal band neurons (MS-DB-neurons) was investigated extracellularly in slices of the guinea pig septum. Four groups of units were differentiated on the basis of pattern of discharges and coefficient of variation (CV) of interspike intervals: highly regular (CV less than 0.3); regular (CV greater than 0.3 less than 0.7); irregular (CV greater than 0.7); and rhythmically bursting group. Activity of the 1st group was highly resistant to superfusion of medium with low Ca2+, high Mg2+ (or Co2+) concentration, while synaptic effects were blocked under this condition. The same was true for some cells with rhythmic bursts. The activity of Mg2+-resistant rhythmically bursting cells did not change its pattern also under the influence of GABA- and acetylcholine antagonists. It is concluded that the MS-DB contains units with properties of regular and bursting endogenous pacemakers. PMID- 3447060 TI - [Correlation of the discharge frequency of a firing motor neuron and the efficiency of an excitatory volley of Ia-afferents in man]. AB - Single motor unit potentials of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle were recorded during voluntary contraction and H-reflex was evoked. The afferent volley effectiveness was estimated by the firing index of a motoneuron. The background firing rate of motor units ranged from 3.3 to 16.0 imp/s. Afferent volley effectiveness depended on the background firing rate of fast muscle units under study like slow soleus muscle units investigated earlier. The effectiveness of afferent volley decreased with the motor units firing rate growth. At all range of firing rate the efficiency of afferent volley was higher for motor units of fast muscle as compared to slow muscle. It is suggested that the motoneuron excitability changes within the interspike interval underlay the relationship between the motoneuron firing rate and effectiveness of the excitatory afferent volley. PMID- 3447061 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the involvement of the pyramidal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex in the organization of the feeding behavior of rabbits]. AB - Experiments performed on freely moving rabbits have shown that pyramidal neurons which had direct connections with lateral hypothalamus were activated during realization of the feeding behaviour. Pyramidal neurons which had no connection with lateral hypothalamus were inhibited. Microiontophoretic application of the protein synthesis inhibitor to pyramidal neurons caused their disability to respond to ascending activatory influences from the lateral hypothalamus. Administration of pentagastrin during inhibition of the protein synthesis restored the ability of pyramidal neurons to participate in hypothalamic feeding reactions. It is suggested that synthesis and release of the gastrin-like peptide into the perineuronal space is necessary for involvement of sensomotor cortex pyramidal neurons in organization of the feeding behaviour. PMID- 3447062 TI - [The role of the septal and entorhinal inputs in generating hippocampal electrical activity in the wakefulness-sleep cycle of the cat]. AB - The effect of septal lesion and section of the entorhinal cortex on hippocampal electrical activity was studied in the sleep-wakefulness cycle of chronic cats. It was demonstrated that the medial part of the septum participates in the generation of the hippocampal electrical activity. The principal effect of the septal lesion is the complete abolishment of the hippocampal theta rhythm during active wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. During the slow wave sleep the septal lesion effect is evidenced by a slight reduction of the power of the dominating frequency (1 Hz). Section of the entorhinal cortex results in a sharp increase of the hippocampal theta rhythm during wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. The slow wave sleep causes a sharp reduction of delta and subdelta rhythms. Under normal conditions the entorhinal input of the hippocampus is supposed to have a modulating effect on the genesis of the hippocampal theta rhythm. PMID- 3447063 TI - [Effect of food motivation on the neuronal reaction of the somatic cortex in the cat during instrumental reflex]. AB - Spike activity of neurons (areas 3, 4) was studied in cats during conditioned placing reaction before and after food satiation. After feeding the background activity increased in 2/3 of recorded neurons, tonic component of neuronal reaction decreased considerably and repeated contraction of m. biceps disappeared. Difference in the latencies of spike reactions in the same neuron to conditioned stimulation in the hungry and satisfied state of the animal during experiment was 50-300 ms. The latencies of conditioned placing reaction did not change. It was suggested that fluctuations of the food motivation level of animals lead to changes in the cortico-subcortical interrelations responsible for control of the start and realization of conditioned movements. PMID- 3447064 TI - [Reflex component of the swing phase: a comparative analysis of locomotion in intact and deafferentated rats]. AB - Comparative analysis of hindlimb biomechanics and EMG activity with different kinds of locomotion before and after bilateral LI-S2 spinal cord deafferentation were performed in rats. A delay of the onset and increase of duration of knee and ankle joint flexion, but not hip joint flexion were revealed after deafferentation. It was accompanied by reinforcing of the F-period of the swing phase which was more prominent during walking than swimming. The amplitude and duration of the muscle activity decreased, in particular, during the F-period of the swing phase. The role of afferent inflow in the formation of the F-phase of the locomotor cycle is discussed. PMID- 3447065 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the central gray substance of the midbrain on neuronal responses of the thalamic medial nuclei in the cat]. AB - Effect of the central gray matter (CGM) stimulation on neuronal responses in the thalamic nonspecific medial nuclei evoked by stimulation of the teeth pulp, A alpha and A-sigma fibres of the infraorbital nerve and the caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract was studied in experiments on cats under thiopental chloralose anesthesia. Stimulation of the CGM by a train of stimuli evoked excitatory responses with latency from 15 to 40 ms in a part of investigated neurons. Conditioning stimulation of the CGM led to the inhibition of responses evoked by afferent volleys in neurons of the "low-threshold", "high-threshold" and "convergent" groups. Responses evoked by stimulation of the teeth pulp and A sigma fibres were inhibited in 100% and those evoked by stimulation of A-alpha fibres of the infraorbital nerve only in 86% of neurons. Presence of the inhibitory influence of the CGM on the thalamic neuron responses evoked both by stimulation of peripheral afferents and spinal trigeminal tract nucleus show that the CGM exerts a direct influence on the thalamic neuron activity. PMID- 3447066 TI - [Interaction of the cerebellar cortical neurons in the cat: a cross-correlation analysis]. AB - Interactions between neurons in the cortex of cat cerebellum were investigated by the crosscorrelation analysis in acute experiments. Excitatory connections of various effectiveness were revealed in 13 of 90 pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons (14%). Very high percentage of inhibitory connections was found. They were observed in 38 pairs (42%). Neurons in 36 pairs (40%) had common inputs. Changes in duration and effectiveness of the interneuronal connections under different conditions of stimulation were found. Facts observed are discussed in connection with the already known data concerning functional organization of the cerebellar cortex. Possible causes of such a great number of revealed inhibitory interactions are discussed. PMID- 3447067 TI - [Comparison of the reflex responses to unexpected stimulation (startle reflexes) in freely moving and chloralose-anesthetized cats]. AB - Comparative study of startle reflexes recorded electromyographically in the same cat was performed under two different experimental conditions: in freely moving animal and after chloralose-anesthesia. A remarkable similarity in the component composition and temporal parameters (latency, duration) of the EMG responses in these two cases was found. The data obtained suggest the functional similarity of startle reflex discharges in freely-moving and anesthetized cats as well as the identity of their corresponding neural mechanisms. PMID- 3447068 TI - [Primary and secondary motor responses to the presentation of an unexpected stimulus (a startle stimulus) in freely moving cats]. AB - Mechano- and electromyographical motor responses evoked by unexpected acoustic and somesthetic stimuli were studied in freely-moving cats. The responses were presented by different combination of three types of reflex activity-startle reflex (SR, primary responses), orienting reflex (OR) and avoidance reaction (secondary responses). Dependence between SR and OR parameters was established. Data suggest an important role of SR in the development of secondary motor responses to unexpected stimuli. PMID- 3447069 TI - [Effect of vagus nerve cooling on respiratory activity in cats]. AB - Influence of gradual cooling of vagal nerve on breathing was studied in anaesthetized cats. Maximum increase in the inspiratory activity was observed when nerve temperature was about 13 degrees C. The role of pulmonary slowly adapting and rapidly adapting receptors in breathing control is discussed. PMID- 3447070 TI - Muscle morphometry in motor neuron disease. AB - It has previously been suggested that the pathological abnormalities seen in muscle biopsies from patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are of predictive value in relation to the rate of progression of the disease. In this study, quadriceps muscle biopsies from 19 patients with MND and 20 age matched controls were prepared for histochemistry and analysed morphometrically. Pathological features of denervation and reinnervation were observed in all MND patients although considerable variation between patients was noted. Motor neuron disease biopsies also showed increased connective tissue, an increased variation in fibre size, and a random fibre type distribution. Several of these abnormalities were more severe in female patients. Many of these 'abnormalities' were also frequent, albeit to a milder degree, in control biopsies and emphasize the need for age matched controls. The morphometric data was not related to the age of the patient, disease duration, type of MND or muscle strength, thus suggesting that the progression and severity of MND and its prognosis cannot be judged on the basis of quadriceps muscle pathology alone. PMID- 3447071 TI - An immunohistochemical study of the germinal layer in the late gestation human fetal brain. AB - In the cerebral lateral ventricle of the human fetus, the embryonic ventricular and subventricular zones (VZ and SVZ) persist into the latter half of gestation, particularly in the lateral wall. The SVZ is usually referred to as the germinal layer at this stage. The VZ is gradually replaced by ependyma, a single epithelial layer composed of tanycytes and ciliated columnar cells. In the prematurely born infant, the germinal layer is frequently the site of haemorrhage, the incidence of which diminishes with increasing maturity. There are many contributory pathogenetic factors but the structure of the germinal layer itself is considered important. It contains numerous, thin walled vessels in a cellular matrix which demonstrates little fibrillary background. Immunohistochemical evidence of glial differentiation in the germinal layer was sought in 21 preterm brains, using antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Early immunoreactivity was due to GFAP positive tanycyte fibres. Subsequently, associated with astrocyte differentiation, there was progressive development of a glial fibre network. It is suggested that the increase in glial fibres may be a significant factor in capillary stabilization, and in the inverse relationship between gestation of the infant and the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. The possible structural significance of the tanycyte is also highlighted. PMID- 3447073 TI - Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in a 62-year-old male. AB - Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma has been described as a distinct clinicopathological entity with a relatively favourable prognosis. However, tumours closely resembling this entity have been shown to have the potential for aggressive behaviour, and to represent, on closer scrutiny, a number of disparate neoplasms. A case is described which, although otherwise typical of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, occurred in a man of 62 years, and it is suggested that it should be considered a specific histological, rather than a clinicopathological entity. PMID- 3447072 TI - Kinetics of the human medulloblastoma cell line, D283 Med, maintained in an organ culture system. Autoradiographic study after cumulative labelling in vitro: similarities to the kinetics of human medulloblastoma in situ. AB - Cells of the human D283 Med medulloblastoma cell line were collected by gravity sedimentation and maintained in vitro in an organ culture system. The explants grew as clusters of small cells with scanty cytoplasm; some cells were arranged in solid trabeculae, sometimes forming rows and columns, and occasionally rosettes. The kinetic parameters were estimated after 6 days in vitro by cumulative labelling of the cultures with tritiated thymidine in three different experiments. The length of G2 phase (TG2) was obtained from an analysis of the fractions of continuously labelled mitoses (FCLM), the length of S phase (TS) from the median values of grains over mitotic figures (grain index, GI), and the other parameters from mathematical models that related growth fraction (GF), TG2, total cell cycle time (TC) and labelling index (LI) as a function of time. Mean GF, TC, TG1, TS and TG2 were estimated respectively to be 0.35, 30 h, 13 h, 10 h, and 7 h. These estimates correspond to those reported for human medulloblastomas in situ and confirm previous in vitro experiments which suggest that the organ culture technique is a suitable system for the study of cell kinetics in human malignant gliomas and for an analysis of the in vitro effects of chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3447074 TI - Proceedings of the second international symposium: New frontiers of biochemistry of spinal cord injury and paraplegia. Florence, Italy, June 4-5, 1985. PMID- 3447075 TI - Regional profile of polyamines in reversible cerebral ischemia of Mongolian gerbils. AB - Reversible cerebral ischemia was produced in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by occluding both common carotid arteries. After 5 min ischemia brains were recirculated for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. An additional 6 animals were subjected to 10 min ischemia and 24 h recirculation. Sham-operated animals served as controls. At the end of the experiments, brains were frozen in situ and cut in a cryostat. Coronal sections, 10 micron thick, were taken for histological staining. In addition, tissue samples (2-4 mg each) were taken from the cortex, lateral caudoputamen, CA1-layer of the hippocampus, and thalamus. Polyamines (spermidine, spermine, and the precursor putrescine) were measured in these samples using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection after extraction and precolumn derivatization. Five-minute cerebral ischemia had no effect on the levels of putrescine, spermidine, or spermine. However, following recirculation, putrescine increased markedly with time, being most pronounced in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, less so in the cortex, and even less so in the thalamus. After prolonged recirculation, severe neuronal necroses could be observed only in regions exhibiting high putrescine levels. Spermidine or spermine did not change during recirculation, except in severely damaged regions: Here, spermine levels were markedly reduced following prolonged recirculation. The post-ischemic increase in putrescine is discussed in respect to the known multiple activities of putrescine. PMID- 3447077 TI - Ischemia-induced development of cerebral edema in awake and anesthetized gerbils. AB - General anesthesia is often used to immobilize experimental animals prior to the induction of cerebral ischemia. However, anesthetics are known to alter many of the biochemical and physiological parameters used for the assessment of stroke induced brain damage. We examined the effects of bilateral carotid artery ligations on mortality and the development of cerebral edema in unanesthetized gerbils. We found that increasing the length of the ischemic episode resulted in increased mortality, both during the ischemic period and during cerebral reperfusion. The duration of the ischemic episode was also correlated with the rate and degree of the development of cerebral edema. Both of these estimates of ischemia-induced brain damage were significantly reduced by the pretreatment of the animals with pentobarbital. Based on the variable effects of different anesthetics on CNS activities, and the observed effects of barbiturate anesthesia on ischemia-induced mortality and edema development in the present model, we suggest that it may be inappropriate to anesthetize experimental animals when investigating certain aspects of stroke-induced brain damage. PMID- 3447076 TI - A developmental study of fatty acyl group contents in the peripheral nervous system of normal and trembler mice. AB - We quantitated the content of the fatty acyl groups of sciatic nerves from normal and Trembler mice between the postnatal ages of 5 and 60 d. Palmitoyl, stearoyl, and unsaturated 18-carbon groups increased normally in Trembler nerves during the first 9 d, after which their levels were notably lower than those observed for the normal littermates. In good agreement, the synthesis of palmitic acid by the fatty acid synthetase was normal in the PNS of 9-d-old Trembler mice. "Myelin specific" saturated very long chain fatty acyl groups (VLCFAG) were deficient at all ages studied, the deficiency increasing from about 2.5-fold at 5 d, to 26 fold at 60 d, compared to the maximal 3- to 4-fold decrease observed for the more ubiquitous shorter chains. The results presented in this paper suggest that the highly abnormal VLCFAG content of the mutant nerves cannot be accounted for by an abnormal fatty acid synthetase activity. For the fatty acyl chains with 18 carbon atoms, however, the deficiency observed after 9 d of age can be almost entirely explained by the diminished levels of palmitic acid. The relatively late occurrence of the palmitic acid deficiency compared with that of the VLCFAG and the normal palmitate synthetase activity observed in young mutant mice indicates that the former is an indirect consequence of the Trembler mutation. PMID- 3447078 TI - Alteration of the alpha-tocopherol content in the brain and peripheral nervous tissue of dysmyelinating mutants. AB - In the brain of quaking and shiverer mutants, vitamin E content was normal when related to both wet weight and dry weight. When related to lipid extract, phosphorus, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E was slightly increased only in the quaking mutant. In the sciatic nerve from trembler mutants, vitamin E was 134% of control values in the dry material, but normal in relation to wet weight. It was 260% in the lipid extract and 716% based on phosphorus. In relation to total fatty acids, there was a threefold increase in trembler mutants. Interestingly, it was increased approximately three times when related to 18:2 n-6, 20:4 n-6, and 20:5 n-3, and seven times when related to 22:6 n-3. The fact that the amount of vitamin E in fresh weight was normal, suggests that vitamin E plays a role in some nonmembrane material, such as the extracellular matrix or the basal lamina. PMID- 3447079 TI - Elder abuse. PMID- 3447081 TI - Preventing violence in nursing. PMID- 3447080 TI - The abusive relationship. PMID- 3447082 TI - Community care for the chronically mentally ill. PMID- 3447083 TI - Of quality and ethics. PMID- 3447084 TI - Midwifery: the international scene. PMID- 3447086 TI - World Summit of Ministers of Health. London declaration on AIDS prevention. 28 January 1988. PMID- 3447085 TI - WHO statement on the social aspects of AIDS control. PMID- 3447087 TI - Pontifical Council "cor unum". 16th Plenary Assembly. PMID- 3447089 TI - Health for all--all for health. PMID- 3447088 TI - Family and culture in Korea. Contribution to the C.I.C.I.A.M.S. Asian Seminar on NFP. PMID- 3447090 TI - [Radiological aspects of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]. PMID- 3447091 TI - [Partial splenic embolization as treatment for portal hypertension]. PMID- 3447093 TI - [Problems of hydration during and after angiography--preliminary report]. PMID- 3447092 TI - [CT in the diagnosis of colonic diverticulitis]. PMID- 3447094 TI - [The development of the maxillary sinus in children--roentgenographic measurement of the maxillary sinus in Waters' projection]. PMID- 3447095 TI - [Pneumoconiosis in rubber workers]. PMID- 3447096 TI - [Studies of water-soluble iodinated starch as a new, potential contrast material]. PMID- 3447097 TI - Fundamental study of positive contrast media of hepatic CT by micro-barium sulphate particles. PMID- 3447098 TI - [A software system for fast dose calculation of RALS (remotely controlled afterloading system)]. PMID- 3447099 TI - [Determining fetal karyotype by trophoblast biopsy in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3447100 TI - [Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 3447101 TI - [Multi-infarction dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type]. PMID- 3447102 TI - [Effect of moderate hemodilution on various parameters of circulatory and respiratory functions in patients with intracranial expansive processes]. PMID- 3447103 TI - [Usefulness of various studies of the cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of suppurative and lymphocytic cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 3447104 TI - [Cerebellar infarction]. PMID- 3447105 TI - [Effect of metoclopramide on prolactin secretion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 3447106 TI - [A case of primary intracranial melanoma detected by cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3447107 TI - [The course of encephalitis caused by varicella-zoster virus in patients treated with acyclovir]. PMID- 3447108 TI - Fatty retroperitoneal tumours--plain film and computed tomographic appearances. AB - Three patients with large fatty retroperitoneal tumours are presented. In all three the fatty mass was visible (but initially not recognized as such) on plain abdominal radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of fat within these tumours. Attention is drawn to the importance of the correct interpretation of the plain abdominal radiograph when such fatty tumours are present. Computed tomography then proves the presence of fat as well as site of origin of such tumours. PMID- 3447109 TI - Management and outcome of infective prepatellar bursitis. AB - Forty seven cases of prepatellar bursitis are reported. Twenty one patients had sustained a recent injury with a break in the skin which had caused the infection and seventeen patients were employed in jobs which involved kneeling. Oral antibiotics proved to be inadequate treatment in many cases. Splintage and intravenous antibiotics with or without aspiration of the bursa were usually successful in treating the condition, although nine patients required surgical drainage of the bursa. Twelve patients continued to have symptoms months or years after the infection, particularly those with preexisting chronic bursitis, or those who kneeled at work. There was little difference in the results between the different treatment groups. PMID- 3447110 TI - Tuberculosis of the appendix--a report of 17 cases and a suggested aetiopathological classification. AB - Tuberculosis of the appendix is rare. It is usually secondary to tuberculosis elsewhere in the abdomen. Tuberculosis of the appendix is not associated with any specific clinical features and diagnosis is revealed only after histopathological examination. Appendicectomy should be performed in all patients with abdominal tuberculosis subjected to laparotomy and all surgically removed appendices should be subjected to histopathological examination. PMID- 3447111 TI - Severe reversible cardiac failure associated with methanol intoxication. AB - Methanol intoxication produces a well recognized clinical picture characterized by gastrointestinal, ocular and nervous system symptoms. The effect of poisoning on the cardiovascular system has not been well documented. We report the case of a 55 year old man whose acute methanol intoxication caused severe reversible cardiac failure. This represents the first description of an association between methanol toxicity and acute cardiac dysfunction in man. PMID- 3447112 TI - Is the current use of thyroid scintigraphy rational? AB - One hundred and thirty-one consecutive requests for thyroid scintigraphy were analysed to assess their diagnostic contribution to the subsequent medical management of the patient. Forty one per cent of requests were to investigate the presence of a clinically detectable solitary nodule and, of these, one fifth had hot nodules. Diffuse goitres accounted for 38% of all referrals, but in only two patients (non-toxic hot nodule) did the results change management. A further 11% of referrals were for multinodular goitres and 8% for retrosternal goitres. In all cases of goitre no additional useful information was obtained from scintigraphy. It is concluded that thyroid scintigraphy was an unnecessary investigation in approximately 45% of cases. Its primary role was in the investigation of the solitary nodule and in detecting toxic nodules in thyrotoxic patients who had no evidence of Graves' disease. Greater discrimination of requests would avoid investigating patients unnecessarily and reduce costs. PMID- 3447113 TI - Paraneoplastic papilloedema in neuroblastoma. AB - We report a case of bilateral papilloedema in an adult male with neuroblastoma, in the absence of hypertension or detectable intracranial disease. This complication has not previously been described in the English-speaking literature. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3447114 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome without the recognized risk factors. AB - We report two cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), apparently without the usual exposure factors, in whom a temporal association was detected after detailed epidemiological investigation. The index case, a 45 year old housewife, had provided terminal home-nursing care for a 33 year old African man, who died from an undiagnosed encephalitis. At that time she had fissures of the skin of both her hands. Review of post-mortem pathology specimens of the African man allowed a retrospective diagnosis of AIDS with cerebral toxoplasmosis to be made. The type of home-nursing care given by the index case was quite different from that normally provided by health care workers with the training and facilities to prevent the spread of infection. PMID- 3447115 TI - Cretinism and lingual thyroid presenting in an adult. AB - A 29 year old woman presented with menorrhagia secondary to hypothyroidism. Subsequent investigation confirmed the presence of a lingual thyroid. Features of cretinism were present despite the late presentation. This unusual case is discussed with reference to previous publications. PMID- 3447116 TI - Tetany despite normocalcaemia and normomagnesaemia following parathyroidectomy. AB - Two patients with long-standing hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma are described. Both had severe osteitis fibrosa cystica and a proximal myopathy. Both were treated with alfacalcidol (2 micrograms/day) prior to and following parathyroidectomy, and infused with calcium gluconate following the operation. Plasma total and ionized calcium and magnesium concentrations were maintained within the normal range. However, both developed tetany in the postoperative period in spite of normal ionized calcium and magnesium concentrations. Tetany continued for 4 weeks in one patient and for longer in the other. Prolonged hypercalcaemia may result in a state of neuromuscular excitability following parathyroidectomy even at high normal concentrations of ionized calcium. PMID- 3447117 TI - Lightning injury causing prolongation of the Q-T interval. AB - This case report describes the development of temporary prolongation of the Q-T interval in a patient struck by lightning. A variety of electrocardiographic changes have been documented previously in association with lightning injury; however, the changes in this patient have not previously been reported. PMID- 3447118 TI - Common iliac artery aneurysm presenting as acute sciatic nerve compression. AB - Aneurysms of the iliac arteries usually remain silent, but when they rupture the consequences can be dramatic. They produce few clinical signs suggestive of their presence. However, such aneurysms have been found to be the cause of non-vascular clinical situations. Often they present with features of compression on adjacent viscera. We present a case in which a large common iliac artery aneurysm was found to be causing symptoms of acute sciatic nerve compression. PMID- 3447119 TI - Recurrent gastric outlet obstruction due to an inguinal hernia. AB - Although gastric strangulation in an inguinal hernia has been reported on three previous occasions, recurrent gastric outlet obstruction due to this hernia has not been previously documented. Prolonged traction on the distal stomach by omentum and transverse colon can draw the antrum and pylorus into the hernia and produce gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 3447120 TI - Gastric outlet obstruction due to gall stones (Bouveret syndrome). AB - Gastric outlet obstruction by gall stone is a rare complication of a common disorder. Two cases are reported here. The investigations are conducted along the same lines as for pyloric stenosis. The diagnosis can be made with a barium meal or gastroscopy. Treatment is by surgical intervention after adequate resuscitation. PMID- 3447122 TI - Upstream medicine. PMID- 3447121 TI - Colonic stricture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma--report of a case and review of the aetiology. AB - A 24 year old man sustained multiple injuries including blunt abdominal trauma in a motor cycle accident. Five months following the accident he developed a large bowel obstruction. Barium enema examination revealed a stricture of the sigmoid colon which, following surgical resection, was found to consist of a fibrous stenosis. The aetiology of such strictures following blunt abdominal trauma is likely to be a combination of mural haemorrhage and ischaemia. PMID- 3447123 TI - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presenting in childhood. PMID- 3447124 TI - Flupirtine--a centrally acting analgesic. Clinical and experimental aspects. Monte Carlo, 21 March 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3447125 TI - Flupirtine--a new centrally acting analgesic with unique chemical structure. AB - Flupirtine has a different structure from existing analgesics. Based on 3 dimensional structure data and molecular graphics experiments we can predict that flupirtine will not bind to opiate receptors because of structural differences from those of morphine. PMID- 3447126 TI - Analgesic activity following combined oral administration of flupirtine maleate and peripherally acting analgesics in mice and rats. AB - Concomitant administration of flupirtine maleate at a single low dose (15 mg/kg, mice; 35 mg/kg, rats) with a wide range of doses of each of the peripherally acting analgesics enhanced the antinociceptive activity of paracetamol, acetylsalicyclic acid and ibuprofen in the acetic acid writhing test, acetylsalicylic acid in the hot plate test and paracetamol, acetylsalicyclic acid and ibuprofen in the Randall-Selitto test. The concomitant administration of a single low dose of the peripherally acting analgesics (at about 1/2 ED50) with a wide range of doses of flupirtine maleate resulted in enhancement of flupirtine maleate analgesic activity by paracetamol (in the hot plate and Randall-Selitto tests), acetylsalicyclic acid (in the acetic acid writhing test), ibuprofen (in the Randall-Selitto test) and indomethacin (in the acetic acid and Randall Selitto tests). Thus flupirtine maleate enhanced the analgesic activity of paracetamol, acetylsalicyclic acid and ibuprofen in mice and rats. Each of the peripherally acting analgesics enhanced the analgesic activity of flupirtine maleate in one or more of the analgesic tests used. PMID- 3447127 TI - Abuse potential and physical dependence liability studies with flupirtine maleate in laboratory animals. AB - Flupirtine maleate is a centrally acting analgesic with a novel chemical structure and pharmacological profile. Because of its central mechanism(s) of action, flupirtine maleate was studied for physical dependence liability and abuse potential using the following four laboratory animal models: (1) mouse jumping test--jumping behaviour after narcotic antagonist challenge; (2) Hosoya test in rats--body weight reduction after drug withdrawal or narcotic antagonist challenge; (3) tolerance in mice--reduced analgesic activity after repeated dosing; and (4) self-administration in addicted Rhesus monkeys. Unlike the narcotic analgesic agents morphine and codeine, flupirtine maleate did not display evidence of physical dependence liability or abuse potential as measured by jumping behaviour in mice or body weight reduction in rats following repeated oral administration. Doses equal to or in excess of its analgesic dose were given for up to five weeks in these studies. No tolerance developed to the analgesic activity of flupirtine maleate in mice or rats dosed for up to 19 consecutive days. Finally, in morphine-dependent Rhesus monkeys, there was no difference in the rate of self-administration of flupirtine maleate when compared to the saline vehicle. Therefore, these results clearly show that flupirtine maleate, in animals, is without abuse potential and physical dependence liability. PMID- 3447128 TI - Pharmaco-electroencephalography in the rat as a method for characterization of different types of analgesics. AB - The central actions of flupirtine, pentazocine, paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) have been studied by quantitative analysis of cerebral field potentials from the cortical limb area and occipital cortex of the rat. Whereas pentazocine reduced the intensity of the alpha waves in a manner typical of opioids, flupirtine increased the power in this frequency band. Unlike flupirtine, pentazocine produced a clear increase in delta power. Paracetamol and ASA had no effect on the frequency bands in the various cortical areas. The results indicate that different types of drugs can be clearly separated with respect to their actions on cerebral field potentials. PMID- 3447129 TI - Effect of flupirtine maleate on the nociceptive pathway, EEG, evoked potentials and polysynaptic reflexes in laboratory animals. AB - Flupirtine maleate (3, 6 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) elevated the pain threshold following electrical stimulation of rabbit tooth pulp with a peak effect at 10 minutes, suggesting central analgesic activity. Codeine (1, 3 and 6 mg/kg, i.v.), but not zomepirac (3, 6 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.), was also effective. In the cat, electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp or the contralateral sciatic nerve (central and peripheral nociceptive pathways, respectively) results in evoked potentials (activation) in the midbrain (MRF), thalamus (VPL) and sensory cortex. Flupirtine maleate (1 mg/kg, i.v.) did not alter the evoked responses. But at 3 and 6 mg/kg, i.v. it effectively blocked activation in the MRF, VPL and sensory cortex, primarily following tooth pulp stimulation rather than after sciatic nerve stimulation, suggesting that flupirtine was a selective antagonist of the central nociceptive pathway. Furthermore, in the cat, flupirtine at 3 mg/kg, i.v. blocked cortical and hippocampal arousal (activation) following MRF stimulation. At 6 and 10 mg/kg it partially antagonized the linguomandibular reflex (central polysynaptic reflex) but had little or no effect on the flexor reflex (peripheral polysynaptic reflex). The results of these investigations demonstrate the central nervous system activity of flupirtine maleate. PMID- 3447130 TI - Putative site(s) and mechanism(s) of action of flupirtine, a novel analgesic compound. AB - The mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of flupirtine, a novel non-opioid analgesic, were investigated in animals. It was found that this effect could be abolished by pre-treatment with reserpine. Furthermore, it could be dose dependently antagonized by yohimbine and changes in the EEG of the rat observed after administration of flupirtine were closely related to those obtained after giving clonidine. On these pharmacological results, it is likely that the antinociceptive activity of flupirtine is due to activation of descending noradrenergic pathways. PMID- 3447131 TI - Interrelationships among lighting, ambient temperature, and dietary energy and broiler chicken performance. AB - A total of 4,800 broiler chickens of one commercial genotype were used to study the interrelated effects of two lighting treatments (green fluorescent vs. incandescent), three weekly rates of ambient temperature decline (4.5, 3.5, 2.0 C), and starter/finisher diets with four levels of dietary energy (3,100/3,300; 3,000/3,200; 2,900/3,100; and 2,800/3,000 kcal/kg metabolizable energy). Lighting and ambient temperature treatments had no significant (P greater than .05) effects on percentage mortality, feed conversion ratio, body weight, and monetary return. The highest dietary energy regimens resulted in the heaviest body weights, best feed conversion ratios, and the highest monetary returns. A lighting treatment x diet interaction occurred for female mortality to 42 days but was considered of minor importance. A lighting treatment x diet interaction for feed conversion provided evidence that low temperatures had a more pronounced depressing effect on broiler chickens fed low energy diets. A second order interaction for 42-day male body weights provides evidence that male broiler chickens may be less sensitive to lower ambient temperatures if fed higher energy diets under incandescent lighting compared with those fed lower energy diets under green fluorescent light. PMID- 3447132 TI - Rearing early maturing pullets. AB - A number of experiments were undertaken using White Leghorn pullets to determine the effect of diet and growing treatment on 16-wk body weight and carcass composition. Irrespective of the level of dietary energy, body weight gain and carcass composition appeared to be closely correlated with energy intake of the pullets. Diets as low as 15% protein with and without methionine supplementation resulted in 16-wk body weights similar to those of animals fed diets containing 21% protein, suggesting that protein is not a critical nutrient influencing weight gain of pullets. Pullets fed ad libitum every other day from 12 to 16 wk of age were significantly lighter at 16 wk than pullets full fed a regular grower diet or the regular diet diluted with 20% oat hulls. Pullets must achieve a certain body weight and carcass composition in order to trigger the onset of production. Dietary energy, not protein, appears to be the critical nutrient involved. PMID- 3447133 TI - Performance of large groups of chicks using operant conditioning to control the thermal environment. AB - In four trials, 408, 320, 160, and 400 chicks were housed on litter in pens 1.8 x 2.4 m. Eight pens were used for each trial. For the first 6 days the environmental temperature was maintained at 28 C; on Day 7 the temperature was reduced to 16 C. Four pens were equipped with microswitches; the remaining four pens were each heated by two infrared lamps in constant operation. When chicks struck the microswitch, infrared lamps were turned on for 1 min during the learning phase when chicks were being conditioned to the experimental setup and 4 min during the experimental phase during which data were collected for analysis. Feed intake, gain, and mortality were recorded. Trials 1 and 2 were concluded at 28 days and Trials 3 and 4 concluded at 21 days. At the conclusion of the trials protein, fat, and water content of the birds were determined. Additional analysis for ash content was performed for Trials 1 and 2 only. No significant differences (P greater than .05) in gain, feed conversion, body composition, and mortality rate were found between treatments. Chicks provided with continuous heat were exposed to three times as much supplemental heat as operant conditioned groups yet feed efficiency was unaffected. PMID- 3447134 TI - Performance of male broiler chicks exposed to heat from infrared or microwave sources. AB - In eight trials, 240 male broiler birds, initially 7 days old, were randomly allocated to three treatments. Treatments were: continuous infrared (CI), intermittent infrared (II; 4 min on, 2 min off, 10 cycles/h), and intermittent microwaves (IM; 2 min on, 4 min off, 10 cycles/h). At the conclusion of the 14 day experimental period the 21-day-old birds were killed. Although there were significant differences (P less than or equal to .05) in mean gain over the 2-wk treatment period between trials, no differences (P greater than .05) were attributed to treatments. There were, however, significant differences in feed:gain ratios between trials and between treatments. Feed:gain ratios of birds kept under CI and II treatments did not differ significantly (P greater than .05). However, feed:gain ratios, 1.61 +/- .04 and 1.57 +/- .04 for CI and II, respectively, differed significantly (P less than or equal to .05) from that of the IM treatment (1.76 +/- .04). The protein content of chicks under II was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) lower than that of birds under IM. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in fat, ash, calcium, and phosphorus content of chicks among treatments. PMID- 3447135 TI - Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in eggs and poultry meat in New York State. AB - The presence of Campylobacter jejuni was tested for but not isolated from any of 276 eggs sampled from 23 egg farms in New York State. The presence of C. jejuni was evaluated in broilers, kosher broilers, spent layers, Peking ducks, and turkeys. Four of five poultry dressing plants tested showed positive growth of C. jejuni on the 25-carcass samples at various stages of processing. Twenty to 100% of live birds sampled contained C. jejuni on the skin but 90 to 100% were contaminated after scalding and defeathering operations from contaminated birds and equipment. A three to four-fold increase in carcass contamination was observed after evisceration. The number of C. jejuni on the carcasses decreased after washing and chilling. The organisms did not survive the salting, rinsing, and chilling operations in a kosher processing plant. Several pieces of equipment, i.e., shackles, eviscerating troughs, and cooling tanks were contaminated with C. jejuni. This study illustrates how C. jejuni may be transmitted from the live bird to the final poultry product. PMID- 3447136 TI - Critical vitamin supplementation of broiler diets high in alfalfa juice protein. AB - Three trials were conducted to identify the critical vitamins in the diets of broiler-strain chicks fed alfalfa juice protein concentrate (AJPC) corn-soy diets from 0 to 3 wk of age. Vitamin supplements were added to AJPC diets. Diets were formulated to contain, parts 30/121, 40/128, 50/135, and 60/142 parts AJPC/parts total diet. Parts were used to permit usage of wet materials and still maintain about 90% dry matter. All diets were formulated to contain 20% crude protein, .93% total sulfur-containing amino acids, and 2,940 kcal metabolizable energy/kg diet. Propionic acid was added at .2% to all diets. Feeds were refrigerated (7 C) and fed out daily. The addition of choline, riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin A or E, folic acid, or biotin did not increase weight gains. Addition of 3 mg/kg vitamin B6 completely overcame the growth depression caused by the 50-parts AJPC diet and significant (P less than .05) growth increases (13 to 29%) were achieved with vitamin-B6 supplementation to the 60-parts AJPC diet. Depressed immune responses were completely prevented by the addition of 3 mg/kg of vitamin B6. The significant (P less than .05) increases in leg deformities observed in birds fed the 60-parts AJPC diet were also brought back to more typical values in birds fed the diet supplemented with 3 mg/kg vitamin B6. Vitamin K supplementation (.53 mg/kg) to the 60-parts AJPC diet resulted in significant decreases from 15 min in blood clotting times to 3 to 5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447137 TI - Assay for estimating the potency of various methionine-active sources. AB - A number of experiments were conducted to verify the sensitivity of a low protein (15%) soybean diet for assaying methionine (Met) activity. Although a good response in weight gain and feed:gain ratio was obtained with the addition of supplemental Met to the basal diet, an inconsistent response was obtained when the efficacies of DL-Met and liquid methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA were tested). The addition of nonessential amino acids produced a variable response when added to diets containing MHA, with no difference in the response to aspartic acid or a glycine/glutamic acid mix as nitrogen sources. The addition of glycine to diets supplemented with DL-Met resulted in improved performance with the highest level of Met supplementation, thus suggesting that glycine may be alleviating some deficiency in the high supplemental Met diet. Based on the results of several experiments, MHA was judged to be less efficient than DL-Met on a weight basis. PMID- 3447138 TI - White lupin as a protein source for layers. AB - Three feeding experiments were conducted with Single Comb White Leghorn hens to determine the effects of Lupinus albus cv. Ultra on performance. Raw, autoclaved, and extruded lupins were fed at 10 and 20% of the diet for 12 wk in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 raw and extruded lupins were fed at 10, 15, 20, and 25% of the diet for 16 wk. Raw lupin was fed for 32 wk at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% of the diet in Experiment 3. Average egg weight, egg production (percent hen-day basis), and feed consumption of hens fed lupins were not significantly different (P greater than .05) from those of hens fed no lupin (basal diet) in Experiments 1 and 2. Haugh unit measurements of eggs from hens fed lupins (Experiment 2) were not significantly different (P greater than .05) from those of hens fed the basal diet (control). Egg production was depressed (P less than .01) in hens fed 30% lupin compared to production of hens fed lower levels of lupin or the basal diet in Experiment 3. Lupin fed at the 15% level or higher in the diet increased (P less than .01) feed consumption of hens in Experiment 3. In all three experiments the average yolk color of eggs from hens fed lupins was significantly higher than that of hens fed the basal diets. Our data indicate that Ultra can serve as a primary protein source when fed to productive hens. PMID- 3447140 TI - Deficient amino acids in protein of dehulled soybean meal for young turkeys. AB - Two 12-day experiments were conducted with Large White turkeys to determine which amino acids are deficient in a diet containing dehulled soybean meal as the sole source of protein. A 22% protein basal diet composed of 43.3% glucose monohydrate, 45.4% dehulled soybean meal, .5% DL-methionine, 6% stabilized fat, and added minerals and vitamins served as the negative control. Two positive control diets were formed by substituting either 16.5% dehulled soybean meal or a mixture containing amounts of essential amino acids equivalent to those in the added dehulled soybean meal in place of an equal amount of glucose monohydrate in the basal diet. Nine additional diets were formed by removing one or more amino acids from the mixture. Each of the 12 diets in a block design was fed to two pens of males and two pens of females with 8 birds per pen from 7 to 19 days of age in each experiment. Average body weight gain of poults fed the 22% protein diet with added amino acids approached that of poults fed the 30% protein diet (288 vs. 300 g, respectively). Removal of the amino acid mixture from the 22% protein diet depressed body weight gain by 19.0%. Depressions of 19, 16, 11, 7, and 6% in body weight gains resulted from the removal of valine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine (or tyrosine or glycine), and isoleucine, respectively. A decrease of 5% was required for significance (P less than or equal to .05). When evaluated by this deletion technique, effects of valine and threonine deficiency were more pronounced than effects of lysine deficiency in dehulled soybean meal for young turkeys. PMID- 3447139 TI - Influence of supplemental fat on weights of eggs and yolks during early egg production. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary fat on weight of eggs and egg yolks of White Leghorn hens from 24 to 38 wk of age. Beginning at 24 wk of age, nine experimental units of eight hens each were fed one of five diet treatments. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal diet containing no added fat, diets containing 3 or 6% animal-vegetable fats (A-V fat) formulated to be isocaloric and equinitrogenous with the no added fat diet, and diets containing 3 or 6% A-V fat in which the metabolizable energy (ME) concentration increased 105 kcal/kg with each 3% increment of A-V fat. Weights of eggs, yolks, and whites were measured biweekly. Supplemental A-V fat did not affect rate of egg production, but feed efficiency was improved significantly as ME increased from diets of increasing ME. No effect of A-V fat on egg or yolk weight was observed until after 4 wk of treatment (28 wk of age). From this time through 12 wk of treatment, a linear increase in yolk weight with increments of A-V fat (P less than .01) occurred, irrespective of diet series (isocaloric or increasing ME). Concurrently, there was a nonsignificant (P less than .10) trend for increased egg weight as A-V fat level increased, but weights of egg whites were not affected significantly. Average increases in yolk and egg weights during the period when hens were 28 through 36 wk of age were approximately .5 and 1 g, respectively, when 6% A-V fat was used, irrespective of diet series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447141 TI - Water balance in incubating turkey eggs. AB - The eggshell water vapor conductance capable of maintaining constant water content in incubating turkey eggs was determined for three different egg weight classifications. Metabolism of the developing turkey embryos was altered by increasing or decreasing eggshell permeability. Eggshell permeability accommodated metabolic water in large eggs very well. Both relative poult weights and relative water content of embryos in large eggs at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption decreased or increased allometrically to the permeability treatment. However, among small and medium eggs, if eggshell permeability was increased, relative poult weights at hatching were much less than expected. This occurred despite the fact that relative water content of the eggs at 25 days of incubation was not similarly affected. The data suggest a biological asynchrony for egg size, metabolism, and water content of turkey eggs. PMID- 3447142 TI - Characterization of different hematological responses during molts induced by zinc or fasting. AB - Single Comb White Leghorn hens were induced to molt by complete fasting for 11 days (FAST) or feeding a layer ration that contained 20,000 ppm zinc as zinc oxide for 11 days (ZINC). In both cases hens lost approximately 30% of their initial body weight. A control (CON) group was maintained. At 4, 8, 12, 18, and 42 days after initiation of the treatments, total erythrocyte numbers (TRBC), percent packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined. Erythrocytes were characterized as reticulocytes, intermediate Stage VII erythrocytes, or mature Stage VIII erythrocytes. The FAST hens exhibited significantly increased PCV through 18 days, which was not exhibited by ZINC hens. The FAST treatment increased TRBC on Days 8 and 12 and decreased TRBC on Day 42 while ZINC decreased TRBC on Day 4 and increased TRBC on Day 12. The FAST hens exhibited decreased Hb on Day 42, as reproduction resumed. Both ZINC and FAST hens exhibited decreased MCHb and MCHC on Day 12. Percentages of reticulocytes were decreased at Day 4 by FAST and increased at Days 8 and 18 by ZINC. Stage VII erythrocytes were decreased on Days 4 and 12 in FAST hens whereas ZINC hens exhibited a decrease on Day 4 and an increase on Days 8 and 18. Concomitantly, FAST hens exhibited an increase in Stage VIII erythrocytes on Days 4 and 12, whereas an increase on Day 4 and decreases on Days 8 and 18 were observed in ZINC hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447143 TI - Determination of bile acid pool size, turnover time, and distribution of male broiler chicks during the first 6 weeks posthatch using SEHCAT, a gamma ray emitting bile acid analogue. AB - A bile acid analogue, SEHCAT (tauro-23-75SE-selena-homocholic acid), was used to determine bile acid pool size, turnover time, and distribution in the developing broiler chick. Bile acid pool size was significantly affected by age and followed a quintic trend (a fifth degree polynomial). It remained steady until 30 days of age when it decreased significantly and then rose significantly at 37 days of age. The bile acid pool half-life remained constant until 28 days of age when it increased significantly and then held steady until it increased again at 8 wk of age following a quartic trend. The distribution of bile acids was affected by age with the amount in the gizzard, duodenum, cloaca, liver, and gall bladder varying significantly with age. Jejunal, ileal, and cecal bile acids did not vary significantly with age. Liver bile acid levels followed a quintic trend, rising until 23 days of age and dropping sharply at 30 days of age and holding steady. PMID- 3447144 TI - Palm kernel cake as a broiler feed ingredient. AB - A total of 600 Bosbek day-old broiler chicks (Akropong Farms, Kumasi, Ghana) were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% palm kernel cake (PKC), respectively. All diets were isoproteinaceous (21% crude protein). The addition of PKC had no significant influence on feed consumption and body weight (P less than .05) up to 8 wk of age. Feed conversion efficiency, in contrast, significantly (P less than .05) declined as PKC levels reached 12.5% of the diet or higher. Mean feed conversion efficiency values were 2.74, 2.85, 2.85, 2.89, 3.14, and 3.21, respectively, for birds fed 0, 5, 7, 5, 10, 12.5, and 15% PKC. The use of PKC considerably reduced feed costs, but profit over production costs nevertheless favored the control diet containing no PKC. PMID- 3447145 TI - Naloxone attenuates food but not water intake in Japanese quail. AB - The effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on food and water intake in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was investigated. Birds were injected intramuscularly with 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight of naloxone hydrochloride. Food and water were offered ad libitum 15 min postinjection. Food intake was attenuated in a dose-dependent fashion through 300 min following the return of food and water. The dose-response relationship was quadratic, with the greatest reduction in food intake occurring at the 10 mg/kg body weight dose. Water intake was not affected by naloxone. The results demonstrate that endogenous opioid peptides are involved in the regulation of food, but not water, intake in Japanese quail. PMID- 3447146 TI - Feed and water consumption and performance of male and female broilers fed salinomycin and maduramicin followed by a withdrawal ration. AB - A 3 x 2 factorial floor pen experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding salinomycin (60 ppm) or maduramicin (5 ppm) for 49 days followed by a 3 day withdrawal ration upon both male and female broiler chickens in a coccidia free environment. Body weights, feed intake, and water consumption were recorded at 28, 49, and 52 days of age. Feed efficiency and overall mortalities were also measured. Inclusion of either ionophore into the ration had no effect on final body weight, but improved feed conversion (P less than .05). Birds fed maduramicin drank more than the nonmedicated birds (P less than .05), which in turn, drank more than the birds fed salinomycin (P less than .05). PMID- 3447147 TI - Effect of prefeeding on physiological parameters associated with turkey poult mortality. AB - A commercially available antibiotic and nutrient solution was prefed by gavage into the crops of newly hatched poults, which were then brooded under standard conditions of continuous lighting, 35-C temperatures, and ad libitum feed. Treated poults exhibited higher feed consumption, hematocrits, and total red blood cells during the week following the prefeeding regime. Prefeeding partially ameliorated the typically low hematological parameters that have been associated previously with early poult mortality. The results of this study suggest that prefeeding an antibiotic and nutrient solution significantly improves the welfare of poults during the 1st week after hatching. PMID- 3447148 TI - Avian thyroid isthmus. AB - An avian equivalent of the mammalian thyroid isthmus appeared in thiouracil treated (.1% in feed nd hatching to 6 and 8 weeks of age) chickens. In two experiments in which chickens were fed a diet containing thiouracil, thyroid tissue was found connecting the thyroid glands. Histological examination of the connecting tissue revealed that it was of the same cellular composition as the thyroid glands. PMID- 3447149 TI - Avian thyroid isthmus. AB - An avian equivalent of the mammalian thyroid isthmus appeared in thiouracil treated (.1% in feed from hatching to 6 and 8 weeks of age) chickens. In two experiments in which chickens were fed a diet containing thiouracil, thyroid tissue was found connecting the thyroid glands. Histological examination of the connecting tissue revealed that it was of the same cellular composition as the thyroid glands. PMID- 3447150 TI - Performance of turkey poults when fed two levels of methionine with and without ipronidazole. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding ipronidazole to the diet of turkey poults containing two different levels of methionine. A corn soybean meal diet with 0 to .18% supplemental methionine was fed to Nicholas Large White poults from 1 to 21 days of age. The addition of .18% supplemental methionine significantly improved body weight and feed efficiency. The addition of ipronidazole to the diet with either level of methionine did not influence body weight, feed efficiency, or grams of sulfur amino acid required to produce a gram of weight. PMID- 3447151 TI - Toxicity of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid admixed with poly-L-lysine and solubilized with carboxymethylcellulose in mice. AB - Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I,C)] is a double-stranded RNA that is a potent interferon (IFN) inducer in rodents and, when suitably complexed with poly L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(I,C)-LC], also in primates and humans. In addition, poly(I,C)-LC has shown significant therapeutic activity in a number of preclinical tumor models and significant toxicity in both the preclinical and clinical settings. To better understand the toxicity of this agent, particularly in light of the previously reported bell-shaped dose response curve for immunomodulation and therapeutic activity, we undertook a pharmacological/toxicological study of poly(I,C)-LC. These experiments revealed that the injection of toxic doses of poly(I,C)-LC significantly reduced the body weight of animals and induced serological and histological abnormalities. We found that poly(I,C) is the toxic moiety of poly(I,C)-LC and that both agents induced pulmonary thrombosis as well as hepatic necrosis. The hepatic necrosis was reflected in serum enzyme levels, with significant increases in ornithine carbonyl transferase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels. In addition, reduced platelet counts indicated a significant increase in platelet consumption in agreement with the thrombosis. There were, however, only minor changes in prothrombin and activated prothrombin times. It was of interest that coincubating poly(I,C)-LC and peritoneal macrophages in vitro resulted in the production of tumor necrosis factor, which has a similar pattern of toxicity; this finding suggests that poly(I,C)-LC's pattern of toxicity may be associated with the induction of TNF and/or IFN. PMID- 3447152 TI - Clinical cytometry and immunophenotyping. I. Flow cytometric analysis of normal peripheral blood and bone marrow. PMID- 3447153 TI - Proteolysis Data Bank: specificity of alpha-chymotrypsin from computation of protein cleavages. AB - The specificity of alpha-chymotrypsin was determined by computation of data retrieved from the Proteolysis Data Bank. The coefficients Kn enable the calculation of the relative influence of the neighbouring amino acid residues in subsites P3--P'3 on the probability of cleavage of polypeptide substrates. The extent of the fixation sites of chymotrypsin and pepsin are compared. The results of the study indicate that predictions of cleavage by proteolytic enzymes can be made from the sequence of polypeptide substrates, provided that a sufficient pool of experimental data has been collected. PMID- 3447154 TI - A standardized format for sequence data exchange. AB - At present there is no agreement upon a standard format for the presentation of sequence data; each of the major sequence databases has adopted their own format. As a result, efforts to pool these data and to develop software to manipulate the data have been hampered. A significant amount of software development time must be invested to handle the incompatibilities among these formats before software to solve biologically interesting problems can be implemented. In principle, the development of a standard format by the database distributors would be the best solution. However, because the databases have invested years of effort in the development of procedures specifically tailored to their own format, they are reluctant to change. Insisting that they convert to a new format would place an extreme burden on the already overtaxed resources of these groups. Furthermore, for certain specialized applications it is more efficient to present the data in nonstandard formats. An alternative solution is presented here. Rather than develop a single standard format for all sequence data, a standardized exchange format has been developed. This format was designed to serve as a common interface between the major formats currently in use. Data can be easily converted to and from it without significant loss of information. This alleviates difficulties inherent in dealing with multiple formats while preserving the local formats of the various databases. PMID- 3447155 TI - Partial amino acid sequence analyses of human placental insulin receptor. AB - Tryptic peptides were isolated from human insulin receptor (1.8 nmol) by sequential reverse-phase HPLC on SynChropak RP-C8 and Vydac C-18. Nearly 20 peptides were analyzed for amino acid composition, which revealed that the yield of tryptic peptides averaged 300 pmol. By gas-phase microsequencing five peptides were sequenced. N-acetylglucosamine was found in two peptides. These data are compared with the amino acid sequence of the insulin receptor deduced from cloned cDNA encoding for human insulin receptor. PMID- 3447156 TI - SIGPEP: a sequence database for secretory signal peptides. PMID- 3447157 TI - Protein sequence database of the protein identification resource (PIR). PMID- 3447158 TI - Structural studies on a 75-kDa glycoprotein isolated from porcine gastric mucosal membranes: close homology with the 78-kDa glucose-regulated family of proteins. AB - A 75-kDa glycoprotein (P75) has been purified to homogeneity from washed membranes isolated from the corpus of porcine gastric mucosa. The purification procedure employed chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reversed-phase microbore high performance liquid chromatography was employed to fractionate and purify a number of tryptic peptides generated from approximately 1100 pmol purified P75. The use of reversed-phase microbore (2.1 mm internal diameter) columns facilitated the purification of subnanomole amounts of polypeptides in small volumes (40-60 microliter) suitable for loading onto the gas-phase sequencer without further concentration. N-Terminal amino acid sequence analyses were performed on the intact polypeptide and on 13 tryptic peptides and one Staphylococcus protease V8 peptide, yielding 170 unique assignments; this corresponds to approximately 26% of the molecule. A comparison of this amino acid sequence information with the cDNA-deduced primary structure of a 70-kDa heat-shock-related protein (P72), which is expressed in normal rat liver reveals that these protein sequences are almost identical, differing in only 1 of the 170 positions positively assigned thus far. The probable correspondence of P72 with the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) isolated from hamster fibroblasts has been reported. PMID- 3447159 TI - Location of the essential cysteine residue of jack bean urease. AB - Jack bean urease is inactivated by the modification of about one cysteine residue per subunit with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or other thiol titrant. The location of this cysteine residue was identified. After blocking the unessential thiol groups with NEM, the essential cysteine was labeled with N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5 dinitrophenyl)maleimide (DDPM). The DDPM-labeled protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and a DDPM-fragment was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the DDPM-labeled fragment corresponded to that of a cyanogen bromide fragment of urease, VCHHLDREIPEDLAFAHSRIRKKTIAAEDVLNDIGAISIISSDSQAM. The second residue, Cys-592 in native urease, was labeled with DDPM. Fluoride ion, which competitively inhibits urease activity, protected urease from inactivation by NEM. The dissociation constant of fluoride ion obtained from the rate of inactivation with NEM was essentially identical to both the kinetically and spectrophotometrically determined dissociation constants. These suggest that the essential cysteine is at or near the active site. PMID- 3447160 TI - Detection of weak sequence homology of proteins for tertiary structure prediction. AB - Multiple measures of similarity were employed to detect weak homologies among protein sequences (e.g., below 30% residue identity). A set of thresholds was empirically determined, by using sample proteins of known structure, so as to select only correct pairs of sequences; correct or incorrect alignment of sequences was judged by direct comparison of corresponding conformations. The empirical criterion thus set up is applicable to the prediction of a protein structure when the structure of the other protein in the pair is known. We searched all the combinations between 84 proteins of known structure and 4610 proteins stored in a sequence database, and found about 4000 pairs of sequences which satisfied the criterion. However, after excluding such pairs of proteins that belong to the same family or superfamily, the number of pairs remaining was reduced to only 19. The reliability of these data for structural prediction is discussed. PMID- 3447161 TI - Databases in molecular biology: a CODATA task group at work. AB - A certain concern exists that the exponential growth of nucleic acid and protein sequence data will saturate the channels of data acquisition, distribution and utilization on the one hand and, on the other hand, that even the actual resources are still not fully and easily accessible to any bench scientist. Despite the stake of the scientific community at large in the fundamental data collected in this field, there has been in past years only a modest effort to discuss the common problems at an international level. Three international meetings were organized in 1987 on this subject: the annual meeting of CODATA Task Group on Coordination of Protein Sequence Data Banks (Nice, France, January 1987), the EMBL/NIH Workshop concerned primarily with nucleic acid databases (Heidelberg, FRG, February 1987) and the CODATA Workshop on Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequencing Data (Gaithersburg, USA, May 1987). PMID- 3447162 TI - The Berlin RNA Databank. PMID- 3447163 TI - Protein sequence database of the protein identification resource (PIR). PMID- 3447164 TI - The amino acid sequence of crystalline sheets: a proteolytic fragment of the major head protein (gP23) of bacteriophage T4. AB - A peptide, obtained from T4 phage major capsid protein gP23 by chymotryptic digestion, has been shown to form two types of crystalline sheets, hexagonal and rectangular. The sheet peptide was subjected to conventional sequencing work. Together with the DNA sequence of gene 23, the results showed that the peptide consisted of 155 amino acids, located from 295 to 449 in the nascent gP23 and from 230 to 384 in the matured gP23. PMID- 3447165 TI - Estimation of uncertainties in X-ray refinement results by use of perturbed structures. AB - The uncertainties in the refined parameters for a 1.5-A X-ray structure of carbon monoxy (FeII) myoglobin are estimated by combining energy minimization with least squares refinement against the X-ray data. The energy minimizations, done without reference to the X-ray data, provide perturbed structures which are used to restart conventional X-ray refinement. The resulting refined structures have the same, or better, R-factor and stereochemical parameters as the original X-ray structure, but deviate from it by 0.13 A rms for the backbone atoms and 0.31 A rms for the sidechain atoms. Atoms interacting with a disordered sidechain, Arg 45 CD3, are observed to have larger positional uncertainties. The uncertainty in the B-factors, within the isotropic harmonic motion approximation, is estimated to be 15%. The resulting X-ray structures are more consistent with the energy parameters used in simulations. PMID- 3447166 TI - Predicted calmodulin-binding sequence in the gamma subunit of phosphorylase b kinase. AB - A basic, amphiphilic alpha helix is a structural feature common to a variety of inhibitors of calmodulin and to the calmodulin-binding domains of myosin light chain kinases. To aid in recognizing this structural feature in sequences of peptides and proteins we have developed a computer algorithm which searches for sequences of appropriate length, hydrophobicity, helical hydrophobic moment, and charge to be considered as potential calmodulin-binding sequences. Such sequences occurred infrequently in proteins of known crystal structure. This algorithm was used to find the most likely site in the catalytic (gamma) subunit of phosphorylase b kinase for interaction with calmodulin (the delta subunit). A peptide corresponding to this site (residues 341-361 of the gamma subunit) was synthesized and found to bind calmodulin with approximately an 11 nM dissociation constant. A variant of this peptide in which an aspartic acid at position 7 in its sequence (347 of the gamma subunit) was replaced with an asparagine was found to bind calmodulin with approximately a 3 nM dissociation constant. PMID- 3447167 TI - Structural analysis of purified beta-adrenergic receptors. AB - We have characterized the structure of purified beta-adrenergic receptors by a combination of photoaffinity labeling, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tryptic mapping, CNBr fragmentation, target size analysis, and electron microscopy of purified receptor molecules. Guinea pig lung beta-adrenergic receptors purified by affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and HPLC size exclusion chromatography or photoaffinity labeled with [125] iodocyanopindolol diazirine displayed mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) that corresponded to Mr = 68,000. Purified, radioiodinated guinea pig lung beta-receptors were subjected to complete trypsin digestion and subsequent reverse-phase HPLC analysis, which revealed nine peptides. Active site labeling and tryptic digestion of partially purified hamster lung beta-receptors produced one peptide, whereas CNBr digestion of the same material produced two labeled fragments, yielding information about the location of the active site within the primary sequence. Purified guinea pig lung receptors were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Electron micrographs revealed slightly asymmetric, rod-shaped structures with an average length of 13 nm and width of 3.4 nm. Many receptors were arranged as apparent dimeric structures. These findings confirm data obtained from target size analysis of guinea pig lung beta-receptors in situ which suggest that receptors may exist as oligomeric arrays in the native membrane. Taken together, these data provide information about putative functional domains of the beta-adrenergic receptor and its quaternary structure. PMID- 3447168 TI - Ion pairs in alpha helices. AB - A survey of 47 globular proteins was made to determine the probability of occurrence of ion pairs separated by 1,2,3,... and 8 residues in the alpha helices. As a control, the probability of occurrence of like charged pairs was also determined. The survey showed that ion pairs of the type i,i +/- 3 and i, i +/- 4 are the most predominant. Such a preference was not observed for like charged pairs. The observed frequency of ion pairs is significantly greater than their expected frequency. The normalized frequencies of occurrence of the ion pairs were also found to increase generally with the helix length. These results indicate that the ion pairs may contribute to the stability of solvent-exposed alpha helices. Since the stabilization of protein secondary structure enhances the stability of protein tertiary structure, these results may throw light on the mechanism of protein folding. PMID- 3447169 TI - Contribution of arginine (HC3) 141 alpha to the Bohr effect of the fourth binding step in the reaction of ligand with human hemoglobin. AB - A few years ago we reported that histidine (HC3) 146 beta plays a major role in the pH-dependent properties of the R-state of human hemoglobin, accounting for close to 50% of the R-state Bohr effect. We have extended these studies by examining the role of arginine 141 alpha, another group known to affect the overall Bohr effect. We have compared the pH dependencies of the rate constants for the dissociation and combination of the fourth carbon monoxide molecule, l4 and l'4, respectively, for native hemoglobin A (HbA) and a control reconstituted HbA, and des-(Arg 141 alpha) HbA, the hemoglobin molecule resulting from the enzymatic removal of the C-terminal arginine of the alpha-chain of human Hb. From these kinetic constants the pH dependence of L4, the affinity constant for the fourth carbon monoxide molecule, has been estimated. We find that the removal of arginine 141 alpha reduces the pH dependence of log L4 by about 80% between pH 6 and 8, where the alkaline Bohr effect normally occurs. The sum of the effects of the removal of His 146 beta and of Arg 141 alpha is greater than 100%. This suggests that at least one of these modifications alters the contributions of other residues of this Bohr effect. PMID- 3447170 TI - Three-dimensional structure of neuraminidase of subtype N9 from an avian influenza virus. AB - Neuraminidases from different subtypes of influenza virus are characterized by the absence of serological cross-reactivity and an amino acid sequence homology of approximately 50%. The three-dimensional structure of the neuraminidase antigen of subtype N9 from an avian influenza virus (A/tern/Australia/G70c/75) has been determined by X-ray crystallography and shown to be folded similarly to neuraminidase of subtype N2 isolated from a human influenza virus. This result demonstrates that absence of immunological cross-reactivity is no measure of dissimilarity of polypeptide chain folding. Small differences in the way in which the subunits are organized around the molecular fourfold axis are observed. Insertions and deletions with respect to subtype N2 neuraminidase occur in four regions, only one of which is located within the major antigenic determinants around the enzyme active site. PMID- 3447171 TI - Extension of the fragment method to calculate amino acid zwitterion and side chain partition coefficients. AB - The fragment method of calculating partition coefficients (P) has been extended to include the common amino acids (AAs). The results indicate that polar and charged side chains influence the hydrophobicity of atoms in the side chain in a predictable manner. Field effects, as evidenced through polar proximity factors and bond factors, need to be considered for accurate estimation of transfer phenomena. The calculated log P and delta G degree ' values of the 20 AAs agree well with the observed values. Pro calculates to be more hydrophilic than the observed log P. Hydrophobicity scales for peptide side chain residues are compared and evaluated in terms of suitability. Calculated pi values for nonpolar side chain residues agree well with the observed values; calculated values for uncharged polar side chain residues deviate by about 0.6 log units except for Gln and Cys; and polar side chain residues with charged side chains calculate as too hydrophilic. Reasons for the differences are explored. We also suggest that tightly bound water to polar moieties in amino acids and peptides may be transferred into the octanol phase during partitioning experiments. A quantitative methodology is presented which characterizes the thermodynamic partitioning of groups and individual atoms in amino acids and proteins. PMID- 3447172 TI - Distribution of accessible surfaces of amino acids in globular proteins. AB - Globular proteins fold into compact particles with interior amino acid residues shielded from the surrounding aqueous environment. An early hypothesis holds that entropic hydrophobic forces drive this phenomenon. However, previous analyses based on a binary description of the accessible surfaces of amino acid residues in proteins did not support this hypothesis. This report shows that a complete description of accessible surface areas is given by parametric distribution functions with three modes. The modes are formed by partitioning the available accessible surface area of the amino acids into three segments; the data for each segment are characterized by a mode-specific model. In the "repulsive" mode, probabilities of accessibility decrease exponentially with exposed surface area, as predicted by the hydrophobic hypothesis. A distinct "buried" mode is needed to account for an excess of residues at or near zero accessibility for most amino acids, consistent with the use of binary descriptions of accessibility. A third mode exists which is termed "near neutral" because it is described by a nearly uniform distribution of accessibility for the hydrophilic amino acids. Empirical energies calculated for the repulsive mode correlate well with measured free energies of transfer of amino acids from water to organic solvents, while those from the buried mode correlate well with measured free energies of hydration of the side chains. Poor cross correlations between these energies give an explanation for the previous conflict in interpreting these data. PMID- 3447173 TI - Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of human growth hormone. AB - In recent years, the protein-folding problem has attracted the attention of molecular biologists. Efforts have focused on developing heuristic and energy based algorithms to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence. We have applied a series of heuristic algorithms to the sequence of human growth hormone. A family of five structures which are generically right-handed fourfold alpha-helical bundles are found from an investigation of approximately 10(8) structures. A plausible receptor binding site is suggested. Independent crystallographic analysis confirms some aspects of these predictions. These methods only deal with the "core" structure, and conformations of many residues are not defined. Further work is required to identify a unique set of coordinates and to clarify the topological alternative available to alpha-helical proteins. PMID- 3447174 TI - Protein hydrophobicity: is it the sum of its parts? PMID- 3447175 TI - Continuous compact protein domains. AB - The coefficient of compactness was recently introduced and used to locate domains in lysozyme and ribonuclease (Zehfus and Rose: Biochemistry 25:5759-5765, 1986). Nineteen additional proteins now have been analyzed by using this measure. Complete listings of compact units and plots showing their hierarchic organization are presented for all twenty-one proteins. Large compact units correspond well to protein domains; however, many smaller compact structures of equal or better compactness are also found. Since small compact units could represent subdomains or protein-folding intermediates, their structural composition is further examined. PMID- 3447176 TI - Structure of an insect virus at 3.0 A resolution. AB - We report the first atomic resolution structure of an insect virus determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Black beetle virus has a bipartite RNA genome encapsulated in a single particle. The capsid contains 180 protomers arranged on a T = 3 surface lattice. The quaternary organization of the protomers is similar to that observed in the T = 3 plant virus structures. The protomers consist of a basic, crystallographically disordered amino terminus (64 residues), a beta barrel as seen in other animal and plant virus subunits, an outer protrusion composed predominantly of beta-sheet and formed by three large insertions between strands of the barrel, and a carboxy terminal domain composed of two distorted helices lying inside the shell. The outer surfaces of quasi-threefold related protomers form trigonal pyramidyl protrusions. A cleavage site, located 44 residues from the carboxy terminus, lies within the central cavity of the protein shell. The structural motif observed in BBV (a shell composed of 180 eight stranded antiparallel beta-barrels) is common to all nonsatellite spherical viruses whose structures have so far been solved. This highly conserved shell architecture suggests a common origin for the coat protein of spherical viruses, while the primitive genome structure of BBV suggests that this insect virus represents an early stage in the evolution of spherical viruses from cellular genes. PMID- 3447177 TI - Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase. AB - The intron/exon organization of the human gene for glycogen phosphorylase has been determined. The segments of the polypeptide chain that corresponds to the 19 exons of the gene are examined for relationships between the three-dimensional structure to the protein and gene structure. Only weak correlations are observed between domains of phosphorylase and exons. The nucleotide binding domains that are found in phosphorylase and other glycolytic enzymes are examined for relationships between exons of the genes and structures of the domains. When mapped to the three-dimensional structures, the intron/exon boundaries are shown to be widely distributed in this family of protein domains. PMID- 3447178 TI - Determination of three-dimensional protein structures from nuclear magnetic resonance data using fragments of known structures. AB - A method to build a three-dimensional protein model from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data using fragments from a data base of crystallographically determined protein structures is presented. The interproton distances derived from the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data are compared to the precalculated distances in the known protein structures. An efficient search algorithm is used, which arranges the distances in matrices akin to a C alpha diagonal distance plot, and compares the NOE distance matrices for short sequential zones of the protein to the data base matrices. After cluster analysis of the fragments found in this way, the structure is built by aligning fragments in overlapping zones. The sequentially long-range NOEs cannot be used in the initial fragments search but are vital to discriminate between several possible combinations of different groups of fragments. The method has been tested on one simulated NOE data set derived from a crystal structure and one experimental NMR data set. The method produces models that have good local structure, but may contain larger global errors. These models can be used as the starting point for further refinement, e.g., by restrained molecular dynamics or interactive graphics. PMID- 3447179 TI - Modeling the biochemical differences between rabbit muscle and human liver phosphorylase. AB - Glycogen phosphorylases catalyze the regulated breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1 phosphate. In mammals, glycogen phosphorylase occurs in three different isozymes called liver, muscle, and brain after the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed. The muscle isozyme binds and is activated cooperatively by AMP. In contrast, the liver enzyme binds AMP noncooperatively and is poorly activated. The amino acid sequence of human liver phosphorylase is 80% identical with rabbit muscle phosphorylase, and those residues which contact AMP are conserved. Using computer graphics software, we replaced side chains of the known rabbit muscle structure with those of human liver phosphorylase and interpreted the effects of these changes in order to account for the biochemical differences between them. We have identified two substitutions in liver phosphorylase potentially important in altering the cooperative binding and activation of this isozyme by AMP. PMID- 3447180 TI - Anisotropy and anharmonicity of atomic fluctuations in proteins: analysis of a molecular dynamics simulation. AB - Positional probability density functions (pdf) for the atomic fluctuations are determined from a molecular dynamics simulation for hen egg-white lysozyme. Most atoms are found to have motions that are highly anisotropic but only slightly anharmonic. The largest deviations from harmonic motion are in the direction of the largest rms fluctuations in the local principal axis frame. Backbone atoms tend to be more nearly harmonic than sidechain atoms. The atoms with the largest anharmonicities tend to have pdfs with multiple peaks, each of which is close to harmonic. Several model pdfs are evaluated on the basis of how well they fit probability densities from the dynamics simulations when parameterized in terms of the moments of the distribution. Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth perturbation expansions, which have been successful in describing the motions of small molecules in crystals, are shown to be inadequate for the distributions found in the dynamics of proteins. Multipeaked distribution functions are found to be more appropriate. PMID- 3447181 TI - Why nurses leave the country? PMID- 3447182 TI - [Biradicular origin of the popliteal vein]. AB - The biradicular origin of the popliteal vein was affirmed 84 times out of 100 dissections, and confirmed by phlebography. But the anatomical bifurcation fades into insignificance beside the important notion of functional bifurcation, with strong roots, equal to or above 5 mm. It exists in this form in 56% of all cases. The most interesting arrangement in practice is the popliteal fork with equilibrated medial and lateral roots, absolutely equal, or only very slightly asymmetric. This variety, observed 21 times, uni- or bilateral, leads us to reconsider the investigative methods in the diagnosis of popliteal thrombosis. In reparatory arterial surgery, if offers a radicular graft of excellent calibre, with a well built wall, but which is perhaps limited for such a purpose. PMID- 3447183 TI - [Disorders of statics of the foot and chronic venous insufficiency]. AB - The aim of this study was to confirm a fact known in the relevant literature that there is a correlation between static anomalies of the sole, and varicose veins, a consequence of the decreased quality of the conjunctive tissue. We cite genetic and dynamic factors by way of explanation. To confirm the fact that deformities of the sole of the foot are linked with chronic venous incompetence and influence the functional capacity of the muscular pump, the authors have analysed in young subjects the contractile capacity of the pump even when the index of reduction in the sole of the foot was quite low. The muscular pump in the calf is a compensatory system from the point of view of functional capacity. The authors noted that the velocimetric parameter of speed of flux in the femoral vein is a sensitive parameter and changes rapidly, rising with even minimal activity in the calf. The authors think that acquired deformities are one of the most frequent causes of the poor functioning of the muscular pump in the calf. PMID- 3447184 TI - [Intermittent pneumatic compression using the Turbo-puls in the treatment of lymphedema and chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3447185 TI - [Modification of lysosomal enzymes using semisynthetic diosmin. Comparative clinical study]. PMID- 3447186 TI - [Phlebology Section of the Portuguese Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and the French Society of Phlebology. Joint meeting. 16 May 1987, Toulouse]. PMID- 3447187 TI - [Therapeutic indications in ambulatory phlebectomy]. AB - Anatomically, the indications of ambulatory phlebectomy (A.P.) concern the entire varicose network of the lower extremities. The presence of a complication in the course of varicose veins disease (ulcer, hypodermatitis, or post-phlebitic varices) is not a contra-indication to A.P. The aims are: complete eradication of the varices, stability of the long-term result, harmless nature of the treatment and the aesthetic quality of the result. PMID- 3447188 TI - [The technic of ambulatory phlebectomy]. AB - Ambulant phlebectomy, according to Muller, is a technique which represents one therapeutic stage in the treatment of a varicosity. Ambulant phlebectomy is a phlebological technique which, preoperatively, requires clinical phlebological and velocimetric examinations, and post-operatively the application of a phlebological compressive bandage. In combination with surgery and sclerotherapy, ambulant phlebectomy results in the total eradication of the varicosity through punctures of 2 or 3 mm, 0.5 cm to several centimetres apart. Ambulant phlebectomy is an efficient, quick and aesthetically pleasing technique. PMID- 3447189 TI - [Measurement of capillary permeability in chronic venous insufficiency using sodium fluorescein video-densitometry]. AB - The measurement of capillary permeability in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) requires techniques able to modify local microcirculatory hemodynamics and therefore the results. As for instance, venous occlusion in the Landis test or occlusive plethysmography. We are presenting a selective method which visualizes and quantifies capillary permeability without modifying the hemodynamics. A skin area on the lower extremity is observed on a microscope with blue filters. This optical device is linked with a camera transmitting information to a TV monitor and a video cassette recording system. When focusing is done, the patient's brachial vein is injected with an IV bolus of 1 ml if sodium fluorescein (Na flu). This dye diffuses rapidly from the intra toward the extra-capillary compartment. A densitometer connected to a graph measures the capillary permeability selected dynamics. The capillary permeability to Na flu is evaluated qualitatively on the TV screen (pericapillary halo), and quantitatively by the densitometric curve. In practice, this technique is advocated in the physiopathological study of any edema, especially in early CVI. PMID- 3447190 TI - [The value of postural plethysmography in the study of venous physiology and in the evaluation of vasotonic agents]. AB - Venous physiology is generally neglected and badly studied. Knowledge of it is nevertheless essential in pathological cases such as venous incompetence and its treatment. It is this which is principally responsible for cardio-vascular adaptation after positional changes. Mercury gauge venous occlusion plethysmography has contributed certain progress. Postural mercury gauge plethysmography without venous occlusion answers the chief physiological preoccupations. No artefact impedes the physiology. The positional adaptation is tested. A DV/DP diagram is established and compared in normal subjects and patients with venous incompetence. A complementary procedure for a microcirculatory study is proposed: the measurement of cutaneous flux using laser Doppler or photoplethysmography and a study of the permeability of the capillary walls using fluorescein videodensitometry. This veritable testing stand of the venous system can serve as reference for procedures of therapeutic tests for all medication for venous tropism (vasotonics, vasodilators of venous location) or in studies on spatial medicine. PMID- 3447191 TI - [Post-stripping varices of the internal saphenous vein. Stereophlebographic study]. AB - The author reminds practitioners dealing with varicose disorders by means of surgery that varices of the long saphenous system are not necessarily provoked by valvular incontinence of the saphenofemoral junction. He also reminds us that, for treatment to be effective, there must above all be a completely sure diagnosis, so that appropriate surgery can be carried out in all circumstances. He also asserts that stripping is by no means a guarantee against recidivism. Further to this, he presents statistical data on the factors which lead to persistence or reappearance of post-stripping varices in the long saphenous vein, and attempts to categorize these. The author ends by showing his final conclusions. PMID- 3447192 TI - [2 unusual cases of thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 3447194 TI - [Sequelae of deep venous thrombosis, 5-year follow-up of 341 patients]. AB - In order to see whether thrombolytic therapy led to a reduction of CPT, a cause of long periods of inability to work, a study on the development of phlebothrombosis was carried out at the Department of Angiology at the Hospital Cantonal of Basle. Subjects presenting deep phlebothrombosis, either acute or sub acute, were observed after 5 years... Or the 341 patients, 208 received streptokinase and 133 heparin. After the 5 years, 1 in 5 patients had developed CPT. The incidence of CPT was above all related to the extent of the thrombosis. If one considers not only the immediate therapeutic effect but also the extent of the thrombosis, then the incidence of CPT, especially in leg ulcers, is roughly twice as high in patients with extensive thromboses, and therapy is negative, as in the patients with thromboses limited to two stages only, in which group the therapy is positive. It has even been eliminated where the thrombosis had been limited to the leg. Prophylactic measures are therefore necessary in the groups at high risk. The diagnosis must be swift in order to commence correct therapy whilst the thrombosis is not as yet extensive. Heparin therapy seems to be enough for those thromboses limited to the leg. Whilst awaiting thrombolytic methods without serious side-effects, thrombolytic treatment should be reserved for extensive thromboses in young patients with no contraindications. It is a condition sine qua non that the patient and the parameters of coagulation should be monitored. PMID- 3447193 TI - [Axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis. Therapeutic management]. AB - 24 cases of axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis were studied according to the etiology: "intrinsic" thrombosis secondary to alteration of the endothelium (7 cases), "extrinsic" thrombosis secondary to compression at the level of the thoracic outlet (4 cases), "combined" thrombosis following a complex treatment of breast cancer (3 cases). The frequency of these thromboses, undoubtedly underestimated, seems low as compared to that of venous thromboses of the lower extremities. The frequency of pulmonary emboli is 8%. The treatment is limited to anticoagulants in case of intrinsic or combined thrombosis. In the third type, decompressive surgery is necessary, especially if there are abnormalities of the cervico-dorsal junction or associated neurological or arterial disorders. PMID- 3447195 TI - [Varicose disease. Epidemiologic study apropos of 1600 cases]. AB - The epidemiology of varicose veins disease benefits from the computer analysis of the results of a clinical survey in 1,600 patients with varicose veins, sponsored by Negma laboratories among 150 peripheral vascular disease specialists in 1986 (France). A few original points should be stressed: Women consult earlier und undergo surgery less often. The major symptom, heaviness in the legs, is stable at all ages (80%) as well as movements of impatience (15%). On the contrary, by cross-sections of 10 years, the cramps, edemas, varices progress in a linear fashion, while ulcers progress exponentially. Finally, obese patients with varicose veins present a significantly more severe clinical picture. PMID- 3447197 TI - [Hypercoagulable ulcers. Apropos of a recent case]. AB - We describe the case of a cafe waiter aged 38, with an extensive sub-malleolar left internal varicose ulcer, which was chronic and very painful. This ulcer had been developing for 17 years and had not cicatrized for two years, which meant professional invalidity despite repeated attempts at therapy (qualified local care in a special department, hospitalizations, stripping, and filament graft). In the absence of any arterial, deep venous or lymphatic affection, deep biological disturbances meant this ulcer was classed in the category of hypercoagulable ulcers. A heparin treatment transformed the local situation and made it possible for a complementary surgical graft. Vascular ulcers resistant to properly administered local, vascular and general treatments, should lead us to investigate the possibility of hypercoagulability, whose best parameter is the high index of potential thrombodynamic (I.P.T.) calculated according to the thromboelastogram on the total blood. These hypercoagulable ulcers can be cured with a prolonged heparin treatment, in doses sufficient to normalize the I.P.T. without having to investigate true hypercoagulability with the T.C.K. It seems to us that this treatment is most effectively carried out in hospital, where it is possible to achieve constant heparinization by electric syringe and reequilibration of the biological constants. PMID- 3447196 TI - [Varices, a true disease?]. AB - There is little agreement on the real prevalence and significance of varices of the lower limbs. The discrepancies between the data produced by the various studies are attributable to several factors, of which the most important has to be the absence of any definition of the forms and types of varices. In the Basle study there has been an attempt to classify into two groups, "disorder" and "disease", according to the severity of the clinical picture. These two groups are clearly distinct regarding complications and the number of risk factors. A study on the long-term development has also shown that at the end of 11 years the group "disease" more frequently presented socio-medical after-effects than the group "disorder". Pronounced varices therefore do constitute a real disease and merit appropriate attention. PMID- 3447198 TI - [Observations on various anatomical difficulties in venous return]. PMID- 3447199 TI - [Edema of the lower limbs: a clinical manifestation of neoplasms]. PMID- 3447200 TI - [Ionophoresis: effective and misunderstood treatment in hyperhidrosis. Principles, material, methodology and results]. AB - The development of a modern and specific device, using the principle of ionophoresis, enables now to treat a symptom, sometimes severely disabling, before which physicians felt helpless until now: hyperhidrosis. The methodology is simple, and the treatment well tolerated. The efficacy, demonstrated by our study, is particularly impressive, if a strict protocol is followed. PMID- 3447201 TI - [Value of sclerotherapy in the treatment of certain types of impotence caused by venous leakage]. AB - Certain types of impotence, primary or secondary, are due to an "escape" through the superficial venous network of the penis, connecting distally with the femoral veins. Until now, the treatment was surgical and marred with recurrences. The use of sclerotherapy on these superficial veins enables their "closure" which is elegant, fast, almost painless, effective and inexpensive, leading to the cure of the disorder and a normal erection. PMID- 3447202 TI - [Vascular thrombosis and oral contraceptives]. AB - In reference to four particular cases where a venous thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives, the authors review the various factors of this problem. The importance of the concomitant use of tobacco as well as risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, are especially stressed. These four cases, almost of an experimental nature, permit to correlate precisely the interaction between estro-progestative medications and the occurrence of venous thromboses. PMID- 3447203 TI - [The saphenous system. Medial approach to the arterial axis of the lower limb]. AB - It is possible, by means of a continuous succession of incisions, transferred onto the course of the long saphenous vein, to approach all the vascular trunks in the lower limb, from the area of the femoral triangle, to the lower third of the leg. Two original approaches are described: by way of the deep distal femoral artery, or perforator trunk, which has the chief advantage of enabling the practitioner to operate away from the inguinal ganglions; and the transmembranous approach via the anterior tibial artery in the middle third of the leg, with the object of implanting the long saphenous vein without diverting its course. PMID- 3447204 TI - [The maltreated child syndrome]. PMID- 3447205 TI - [The importance and organization of vaccinations]. PMID- 3447206 TI - [Rehabilitation of children and adolescents with epilepsy]. PMID- 3447207 TI - [Mother is also a human being]. PMID- 3447208 TI - [A lot of good can be done. Interview by Alina Ozimek]. PMID- 3447209 TI - [Our children already have children. Interview by Alina Ozimek]. PMID- 3447210 TI - [Ex libris of Soviet nurses]. PMID- 3447211 TI - [Capping at Lomza]. PMID- 3447212 TI - [Private duties (a voice in the discussion)]. PMID- 3447213 TI - [Sex. Sex hormones. Adam's law]. PMID- 3447214 TI - [The nursing process]. PMID- 3447215 TI - [The hospital--the educational environment]. PMID- 3447216 TI - [The effect of hospitalization on the child]. PMID- 3447217 TI - [The child in the orthopedics ward]. PMID- 3447218 TI - [Evaluation of remission in schizophrenia with pseudoneurotic onset]. PMID- 3447220 TI - [Sociomedical problems of patients with depressive syndromes in the psychiatric outpatient health service in Elblag 1972-1981]. PMID- 3447219 TI - [New methods of treatment, changes in social conditions and the incidence and course of simple schizophrenia]. PMID- 3447221 TI - [Counseling for families of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 3447222 TI - [Attempted changes in the attitude towards mentally ill persons through education (experiment conducted on a group of teachers)]. PMID- 3447223 TI - [Suggested general medical classification of mental disorders for educational and medical purposes]. PMID- 3447224 TI - [Various aspects of electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry]. PMID- 3447225 TI - [A case of ketamine dependence]. PMID- 3447227 TI - [Biological mechanisms of the susceptibility to alcoholism]. PMID- 3447226 TI - [Post-traumatic Kluver-Bucy syndrome]. PMID- 3447228 TI - Phosphoproteins in neuronal function. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop. Utrecht, September 1985. PMID- 3447229 TI - Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 3447230 TI - Growth factor activation of protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways of protein phosphorylation in fibroblasts: relevance to activation of protein kinase C in neuronal tissues. PMID- 3447231 TI - Extracellular protein phosphorylation systems in the regulation of neuronal function. PMID- 3447232 TI - Depolarization-dependent protein phosphorylation in synaptosomes: mechanisms and significance. PMID- 3447234 TI - Psychiatric reactions associated with current medical technology. PMID- 3447233 TI - Two-dimensional patterns of neural phosphoproteins from the rat labeled in vivo under anaesthesia, and in vitro in slices and synaptosomes. PMID- 3447235 TI - The psychological impact of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on adults and children. AB - The most common medical complication causing patient and spouse reaction remains peritonitis. Psychological difficulties include different levels of problems with body image distortion and major role reversal issues with resulting significant marital discord, especially in our diabetic patients. Contrary to patients on maintenance hemodialysis and IPD, no patients were noted to become pathologically depressed although adjustment problems manifested as depression were seen. The increasing role of technology in treatment means that greater attention should be paid to how patients relate psychologically to the application of what can seem to be overpowering or even fearsome technical means. Appropriate evaluation and selection of candidates for CAPD can enable these chronically ill persons to better control and adapt to the critically necessary procedure of dialysis. In the words of a 55-year-old gentleman on CAPD for three years: "It is unbelievable how much freer and fitter I feel since being on CAPD. I have had several holidays and can drive 200 miles on my own without difficulty. The main advantage to me is that CAPD has restored my independence. I feel well enough to enjoy life--the best criterion for judging any treatment." PMID- 3447237 TI - Cardiac pacing and the patient. PMID- 3447236 TI - Psychological factors affecting children's response to medical procedures: a guideline for clinicians. AB - The effects of major technologic interventions on children are acknowledged and a focus is made on the less extensive diagnostic interventions. Selected aspects of childhood development are reviewed to examine the possible effects a diagnostic procedure might have on a child. The authors conclude that the possible psychological effects of a diagnostic procedure should be considered by the physician ordering the test. PMID- 3447239 TI - Medical technology and some of its problems. PMID- 3447238 TI - Psychological aspects of ventilator dependency. PMID- 3447240 TI - [Selected diagnostic, therapeutic and cognitive aspects of endoscopic examination. II. Polypectomy using a diagnostic endoscope and morphological analysis of the specimens obtained through polypectomy]. PMID- 3447241 TI - [Evaluation of the indicators of arteriosclerosis risk factors: cholesterol:HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol in acute and chronic diseases of the liver]. PMID- 3447242 TI - [Cytomorphological, cytochemical and functional characteristics of cells from peritoneal dialysates of patients with terminal renal failure treated by peritoneal dialysis. V. Functional studies--the phagocytic activity]. PMID- 3447243 TI - [Selected lipid parameters of the serum of patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. II. Serum levels of various free fatty acids in patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3447244 TI - [Physician and priest confronting the severely ill patient (reflections on dying and death)]. PMID- 3447245 TI - [The hospital chaplain and a dying patient]. PMID- 3447246 TI - [Studies on an antibody-coated tube method of aldosterone]. AB - We studied on the basic performance of a non-extraction coated tube RIA kit, DPC Aldosterone kit (Nippon DPC Corporation). 1. The average binding CVs of the calibrators (25 to 1,200 pg/ml) were stable in a range from 1.4 to 1.9%. 2. The minimum sensitivity was 17 pg/ml from 2SD method of 0 calibrator. 3. The intra assay reproducibility test showed an average CV as 9.0%, and the inter-assay test showed as 8.8%. 4. The recovery ratios of a recovery test were 85.4 to 121.6%. 5. The correlation test with another maker's kit showed a correlation curve as y = 0.970 x + 19.68 and a correlation coefficiency as r = 0.970. 6. The normal range, the correlation between fasting recumbency and daytime sitting, and the correlation between walking and resting, showed similar results as former reports. PMID- 3447247 TI - Superiority of tetraethylammonium to p-aminohippurate as a marker for renal plasma flow during furosemide diuresis. AB - The renal clearances (C) of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) as markers for renal plasma flow (RPF) were compared in rats under different experimental conditions. CTEA and CPAH were of the same magnitude and varied synchronously during volume expansion and anesthesia. The renal extractions of the two substances were closely correlated and averaged 85.9% for PAH and 88.7% for TEA (p less than 0.01). High doses of furosemide (120 mg/kg as intravenous bolus) reversibly decreased the CPAH/CTEA ratio, suggesting that furosemide may compete for PAH secretion in the proximal tubule. A similar effect was observed after administration of probenecid. The results indicate that TEA is a more reliable indicator of RPF than PAH in studies involving accumulation of endogenous or exogenous organic anions. PMID- 3447248 TI - Effects of administered thromboxanes on the intact, normal rat kidney. AB - The effects of administered thromboxanes on the intact, normal rat kidney were studied. Euvolemic male rats received intraarterial infusions of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and the stable thromboxane A2 analog (U46619) and the effects on renal function were investigated, using glomerular micropuncture and whole-kidney clearance techniques. Both TXB2 and U46619 were renal vasoconstrictors and lowered GFR by reducing renal plasma flow rate; U46619 was much more potent that TXB2. Neither agent caused any marked change in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). Thus in the rat, the thromboxanes reduce filtration rate by increasing renal vascular resistance and without exerting a marked influence on Kf. PMID- 3447249 TI - A method for studying the effect of vasoactive substances on glomerular filtration without affecting the central haemodynamics. AB - A method for microcatheterization of rat kidneys was developed. The catheter consists of 50-100 micron thick polyethylene tubes, and is inserted into the interlobular or arcuate arteries via a lumbar artery. The technique makes it possible to perfuse a small number of nephrons with very high doses of vaso active substances without affecting the nephrons in the vicinity or the central haemodynamics. By adding labelled inulin to the perfusate it is also possible to calculate the amount of drug reaching the nephron under study. It was shown that the catheterization and perfusion with Ringer solution per se have no effect on the nephron function. Perfusion with very high doses of acetylcholine was found to have a selective effect on the area perfused but caused no changes in central haemodynamics, or on nephrons in unperfused areas. It is concluded that the technique is suitable for use in studies concerning the handling of high doses of vasoactive substances by the nephron. PMID- 3447250 TI - Decreased lithium clearance due to distal tubular lithium reabsorption in sodium depleted dogs. AB - Lithium clearances were performed in conscious dogs on varying sodium intakes. Fractional lithium excretion (FE-Li) was 22.6 +/- 2.2% in sodium-replete dogs (fractional sodium excretion, FE-Na greater than 0.4%, n = 11) but only 6.9 +/- 2.3% in sodium-depleted dogs (FE-Na less than 0.4%, n = 25). In 4 markedly sodium depleted dogs (FE-Na 0.03 +/- 0.02%) the distally acting diuretic amiloride caused an 8-fold increase in FE-Li (from 1.5 +/- 1.0 to 11.6 +/- 2.0%). Our data suggest that tubular reabsorption of lithium in sodium-depleted dogs is not restricted to the proximal tubules but also occurs in the distal nephron. Therefore the lithium clearance cannot be used as an index of sodium and filtrate delivery from the proximal tubules in sodium-depleted dogs. PMID- 3447251 TI - Renal effects of angiotensin II: role of prostaglandins? AB - In the present study the possible role of endogenous prostaglandins in modulating the renal effects of angiotensin II was investigated in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Angiotensin II (5 ng/ml) caused both an increase in prostaglandin E2 synthesis and an increase in renal vascular resistance, as well as an increase in perfusate flow rate and glomerular filtration rate. Filtration fraction did not change. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not influence these effects of angiotensin II. In addition, angiotensin II caused natriuresis and to a lesser degree kaliuresis. These effects were independent of intrarenal hemodynamic effects. Inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis did not have any effect on the angiotensin-induced natriuresis. We conclude that the natriuretic effect of angiotensin II is independent of renal prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3447252 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 3447253 TI - Infantile colic in a psychodynamic and nursing perspective. PMID- 3447254 TI - Altered states of consciousness, state-dependent learning and patient education. An hypothesis of interference. PMID- 3447255 TI - Interaction between the severely demented patient and his caregiver during feeding. A theoretical model. PMID- 3447256 TI - Tedium among personnel working with geriatric patients. PMID- 3447257 TI - Nursing education as an instrument towards role change. Expectations and knowledge of the nurse role. PMID- 3447258 TI - Background to and development of caring research in Norway. PMID- 3447260 TI - Specialisation in the biological world. PMID- 3447259 TI - Interrater variability in a modified Norton Scale. PMID- 3447261 TI - Split genes, introns and translational streamlining. PMID- 3447262 TI - Limits of visual acuity. PMID- 3447263 TI - Systematic differentiation. A new evolutionary synthesis. PMID- 3447264 TI - [Sexological counseling]. PMID- 3447265 TI - [Is health care and nursing's recognized field of interest scientific?]. PMID- 3447266 TI - [Students' ideas on future basic education]. PMID- 3447267 TI - [What does the organization have to pay?]. PMID- 3447268 TI - [Rule of thumb always will be a simplification]. PMID- 3447269 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities. Many with Prader-Willi syndrome suffer with obesity and mental retardation]. PMID- 3447270 TI - [Apathy and physical decline are some of the symptoms of the institutionalization syndrome]. PMID- 3447271 TI - [Parkinson's disease requires patience and knowledge from everyone]. PMID- 3447272 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of brain damage in Vejlefjord]. PMID- 3447273 TI - [Guidelines on one of the biggest work risks]. PMID- 3447274 TI - [Nursing/brain damage. We don't consider it for justice but much more]. PMID- 3447275 TI - [The elderly. Nursing status provides a better assessment]. PMID- 3447277 TI - [Automatically fired via ADP]. PMID- 3447276 TI - [Danish Nursing Council an organization for administrators?]. PMID- 3447278 TI - [They expect that we think of new ideas. Interview by Soren Palsbo]. PMID- 3447279 TI - [Transplantation. Brain death, nursing and ethics]. PMID- 3447280 TI - [Topical use of Rheumon-Gel in the combined treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Rheumon-Gel was used for therapy of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown that the drug has a marked antiinflammatory and analgesic action, a positive effect on a number of subjective (pain in the joints and constrained movements in the morning), objective (body temperature, edema and joint function), and laboratory (leucocyte count, ESR, C-reactive protein, titer of antistreptolysin-O and antistreptohyaluronidase) indices and therefore it can be recommended for multimodality therapy of rheumatic patients, particularly of those with rheumatoid arthritis combined with G. I. tract diseases when the use of most of the antirheumatic drugs is counterindicated. PMID- 3447281 TI - [Current possibilities of correction of hormonal imbalance in uremia]. AB - The authors' and literature data on hormonal imbalance in uremia are analysed. The pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory signs and present-day methods of correction of renal osteodystrophy, anemia, arterial hypertension, derangements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and hypogonadism developing as complications of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), are considered. Increased potentialities of pharmacological correction of the above endocrine disturbances in CRI have been shown. PMID- 3447282 TI - [A case of preoperative diagnosis of hormonally inactive malignant carcinoid of the ileum]. PMID- 3447283 TI - [Chronic pyelonephritis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment. Roundtable discussion]. PMID- 3447284 TI - [Use of sorption for the correction of hyperuricemia in the combined treatment of gout]. PMID- 3447285 TI - [Substantiation and effectiveness of the use of purine antagonists in gouty nephropathy]. AB - Similarity of the morphological picture of gouty nephropathy and primary glomerulonephritides in which purine antagonists turned out to be effective, a positive effect of azathioprine (Az) and 6-mercaptopurine (MP) on purine metabolism, and changes in immunity indices revealed in gout (hyperproduction of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes) necessitates the use of antimetabolites in combined therapy of gout patients with proteinuric and latent types of nephropathy. A prolonged use of Az and MP at a daily dose of 50-100 mg often leads to the recovery or improvement of lowered renal function, disappearance of the urinary syndrome, and suppression of hyperuricemia. Uricosuppressors without purine antagonists produce a weaker effect on the course of a renal process, and the treatment of such patients without the use of basic drugs has proved to be utterly ineffective. Strict control over Az and MP therapy makes side-effects of the drugs rare, and they can be easily done away with after reducing a drug dose. PMID- 3447286 TI - [Arterial hypertension in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3447287 TI - [Pathogenesis and course of lesions of the visceral organs in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3447289 TI - [Functional and diagnostic significance of a study of respiratory regulation in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - Respiratory regulation at rest and under the influence of increasing hypercapnia was investigated in patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD) with restrictive and obstructive types of lung ventilation capacity disorder. An increase in the inspiratory activity of the central mechanisms of respiratory regulation was revealed even at the early stages of disease. The determination of this type of activity in comparison with respiratory pattern parameters could be of diagnostic value. CNPD patients with congenital immunopathies (Kartagener Sievert syndrome, CNPD with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency) demonstrated concomitant respiratory regulation disorders in the form of low inspiratory activity in response to hypercapnia suggesting a complicated course of disease in these patients. PMID- 3447288 TI - [2 types of infective-allergic bronchial asthma]. AB - The author finds it necessary to identify primary infective-allergic bronchial asthma (IABA) determined by sensitization with pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganisms without a concomitant inflammatory process distinguishable from secondary one developing as a complication of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. Differential diagnosis of both types of infective-allergic and noninfective-allergic bronchial asthma was proposed. PMID- 3447290 TI - [Correlation of the indices of phase structure of left ventricular systole in patients with isolated left ventricular and combined biventricular myocardial infarction]. AB - The correlation of indices of the phase structure of the left ventricular systole in patients with isolated left ventricular (140 patients) and combined biventricular (60 patients) myocardial infarction showed prolonged tension time resulting from isometric contraction, and a great difference between the actual and proper systolic values in the affection of both ventricles irrespective of the outcome of disease. In low sensitivity of indices of the phase analysis of the left ventricular systole the following indices proved to be specific and informative for recognition of the right ventricle involvement: a period of isometric contraction, duration of the common systole, difference between the actual and proper systolic values, and tension time. PMID- 3447291 TI - [Regional pulmonary ventilation in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The state of regional pulmonary ventilation was studied in 41 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of various degrees of myocardial affection using pulmophonography. A total degree of ventilation irregularity in the CHD patients did not differ from that of healthy individuals. An increase in this index was noted for the right lung in all the patients. The most noticeable changes of regional pulmonary ventilation were observed in patients with macrofocal cardiosclerosis and consequent cardiac aneurysm, and were expressed in an increase in ventilation of the right lung upper zone and its decrease in the left lung upper zone and in the middle zone of both lungs. PMID- 3447292 TI - [Effects of the inspiration of oxygen and hypoxic gaseous mixture on the lesser circulation in mountain dwellers with secondary pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 3447293 TI - [Several endocrine aspects of duodenal stasis in the process of therapeutic gymnastics]. AB - The levels of TTH, T3, T4 and testosterone were studied in 65 female patients suffering from chronic duodenitis with concomitant hypertensive duodenal stasis, stages I and II. A significant increase in the content of the hormones under study was revealed. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was determined by the formation of the irritative autonomic (sympathicotonic) syndrome as a result of irritation of the sympathetic nerve fibers of the celiac plexus due to the presence of inflammation at the duodenojejunal junction. This condition was attended by the predominance of catabolic processes (thyroid hormones) and a compensatory rise of the secretion of the hormones from the anabolic group (testosterone). The use of a special program of exercises led to the lessening of the clinicofunctional symptoms of disease with the normalization of hormonal homeostasis. PMID- 3447294 TI - [Effectiveness of peptoran (ranitidine) in peptic ulcer according to the results of a study on intracavitary protein hydrolysis in the upper digestive tract]. AB - The efficacy of peptoran use was studied in 35 patients with peptic ulcer localized in the duodenal bulb on the basis of the results of clinical and endoscopic investigations. Proteolytic activity in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, and peptoran influence on it were studied. Clinical signs of exacerbation disappeared 5 days after the drug administration. According to the results of repeated endoscopy ulcer cicatrization was observed in 31 of 35 patients after 2-week drug administration. A significant decrease in intragastric proteolysis was established, the number of patients with intraesophageal proteolytic activity was decreased 3-fold; intraduodenal proteolytic activity under the influence of peptoran was unchanged. Peptoran produced no effect on the expression of duodenogastric and gastroesophageal refluxes. PMID- 3447295 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the determination of IgE in food allergy]. AB - The total level of IgE was determined in 84 patients with food allergy and in 19 healthy individuals. The level of IgE was significantly elevated in food allergy reflecting a degree of body sensitization. The absence of complete correlation between the clinical signs of disease and the blood level of IgE could depend upon the involvement of IgG-mediated allergic reactions in the pathogenesis of disease. Specific antibodies to ovalbumin of the IgG class were detected in 18 of 25 patients. Certain correlation between a therapeutic clinical effect and the time course of the serum level of IgE was observed. PMID- 3447296 TI - Treatment of infertility due to luteal insufficiency with clomiphene citrate. PMID- 3447297 TI - Use of dihydro-ergotoxine-methanesulphonate in senile cerebral circulatory disorders and hypertension. PMID- 3447298 TI - Fifteen-year experience with Magurlit in the treatment of patients with uric acid calculi. PMID- 3447299 TI - Treatment of vaginal mycosis with Nizoral tablet. PMID- 3447300 TI - Treatment of severe obstetrical and gynaecological septic conditions with brulamycin (tobramycin). PMID- 3447301 TI - Examination of Kliostom in the prophylaxis of oral surgery cases and treatment of microbial diseases of the oral mucosa. PMID- 3447302 TI - Examination of Imodium in patients suffering from acute and chronic diarrhoea. PMID- 3447303 TI - Examination of the anti-arrhythmic effect of Palpitin (disopyramide). PMID- 3447304 TI - Comparative clinical examinations with Calypsol and Ketanest. Effects on circulation, general observations, unwanted effects. PMID- 3447305 TI - Comparative study of local and oral treatment of vaginal candidiasis (Canesten Nizoral). PMID- 3447306 TI - Use of oxatomide (Tinset) in allergic diseases. PMID- 3447307 TI - Treatment of blastomycetes induced chronic prostatitis with ketoconazole (Nizoral). PMID- 3447308 TI - Observations with metoprolol in elderly patients. PMID- 3447309 TI - Treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints accompanying menopause with Motilium film-coated tablet. PMID- 3447310 TI - Effect of Betaloc in chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases. PMID- 3447311 TI - Treatment of diarrhoeas of gynaecological patients with Imodium. PMID- 3447312 TI - [Observations on pediatric nursing]. PMID- 3447313 TI - [Health legislation and nursing]. PMID- 3447314 TI - [Breast feeding and preventive care provided by the nurse]. PMID- 3447315 TI - [Nuclear dispersion and nursing]. PMID- 3447316 TI - [Antiseptics, disinfectants and their usage]. PMID- 3447317 TI - [Pediatric infections--their treatment and prevention]. PMID- 3447318 TI - [Introduction of the Hospital Infection Control Committee and the Infection Control Committee of the Turkish Nurses' Association]. PMID- 3447319 TI - [Services in relation to health of the nurses in the work environment]. PMID- 3447320 TI - [Interpersonal relations]. PMID- 3447321 TI - [Nurse-patient relationships]. PMID- 3447323 TI - [Nurses' relationships with other health professionals]. PMID- 3447324 TI - [Nurse-patient relationships]. PMID- 3447322 TI - [Relationships among nurses]. PMID- 3447325 TI - [Interview with Mrs. Selva Senturk; Nursing Director of the Istanbul University Medical Center Teaching and Research Hospital]. PMID- 3447326 TI - [Practical applications in nursing]. PMID- 3447327 TI - [When the patient's blood pressure falls--what does it mean? What should you do?]. PMID- 3447328 TI - [Hints for being healthy and well-groomed]. PMID- 3447329 TI - [Family planning and maternal and child health]. PMID- 3447331 TI - Treatment of macular holes with the argon laser. PMID- 3447332 TI - Transvitreal cyanoacrylate retinopexy in the management of complicated retinal detachment. AB - Failures in vitreous surgery for complex vitreoretinal disorders are frequently due to an inability to keep preexisting or iatrogenic retinal breaks permanently closed. We have used transvitreally delivered cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to seal retinal breaks in selected patients undergoing vitreous surgery for complicated retinal detachment. With a minimum follow-up period of 6 months, all but one retinal hole have remained closed and complete retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling buckle was achieved in 18 of 25 eyes (72%). In 10 of the 25 eyes (40%) the final visual acuity was 5/200 or better. PMID- 3447330 TI - Evaluation of phenotypic similarities between Stargardt flavimaculatus and retinal pigment epithelial pattern dystrophies. PMID- 3447333 TI - Studies of reproducibility of the tonographic determination of facility. PMID- 3447335 TI - How to use nerve fiber layer examination in the management of glaucoma. PMID- 3447334 TI - A prospective, randomized study of 5-fluorouracil and filtration surgery. AB - Our study shows that use of a small dose of subconjunctival 5-FU provides significantly lower postoperative intraocular pressure than does no antimetabolite treatment. Morphology of the postoperative blebs suggests that increased filtration results in lower intraocular pressure in the 5-FU group. Corneal epithelial defects were as common with a low dose as with higher doses previously described. PMID- 3447336 TI - Optimal time for postoperative irradiation of pterygia. PMID- 3447337 TI - Automated measurement of strabismic deviations using a remote haploscope and an infrared television-based eye tracker. PMID- 3447338 TI - Experimental studies of aqueous filtration using the Molteno implant. PMID- 3447339 TI - Oxygen therapy and intraocular oxygenation. AB - When delivered to the corneal surface of rabbits or monkeys, 100% oxygen can significantly increase the pO2 in the aqueous humor. Under hyperbaric conditions (two atmospheres), an observed rise in the aqueous pO2 in rabbits breathing room air can be increased further by exposing the rabbit cornea to 100% oxygen. The high oxygen levels under hyperbaric conditions are mediated by intravascular and transcorneal delivery of oxygen. The increase in the pO2 levels in the aqueous can prevent sickling of intracameral human erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin. Thus, oxygen therapy transcorneally or systemically could potentially be used to treat a sickle cell hyphema. The exposure of rabbit eyes to 100% oxygen at the corneal surface is followed by autoregulation (constriction) of the iris vasculature. We could demonstrate no constriction in the eyes of two normal human volunteers or of four patients with chronic stable rubeosis iridis. Preretinal vitreous pO2 levels can be significantly raised by exposing monkeys to hyperbaric 100% oxygen. This procedure may be of value in treating acute, reversible ischemic inner retinal diseases. Transcorneal or vascular delivery of oxygen to the eye under normobaric or hyperbaric conditions may be effective in treating ischemic diseases of the anterior segment, such as anterior segment necrosis or rubeosis iridis, or ischemic inner retinal diseases. PMID- 3447340 TI - RP cone-rod degeneration. AB - A group of patients with progressive retinal degeneration and visual field loss, who meet the basic definition of RP were investigated to better define the relationship of the findings on the ERG with clinical characteristics such as visual field size, presence or absence of scotomata or pseudo-altitudinal defects on visual field, amount of night blindness; and presence or absence of macular or optic nerve changes. These studies suggest that cone-rod degeneration patients of the RP type go through the following stages; early, the ERG has a definite cone rod pattern where the rod ERG is larger than the cone ERG while both are abnormal. As the disease advances, there is more of a reduction in the scotopic ERG such that both the rod and cone ERGs become nearly equal. As the disease further progresses the ERG becomes non-recordable on single-flash technique, but there is good residual rod function and the final rod threshold remains good until the visual field is reduced, typically less than 10 degrees with the IV-4 isopter. Finally with advanced disease the patient becomes night blind and generally becomes very difficult to distinguished from patients who have advanced rod-cone degeneration. While it may seem logical to find that visual field size correlates with various ERG parameters; this has not been as consistent a finding in patients with rod-cone degeneration in the author's experience. The analysis shows several new pieces of information about visual field changes in cone-rod degeneration; enlarged blind spots are seen earlier in cases which have recordable cone-rod patterns (group I), and pseudo-altitudinal changes are more likely to occur in autosomal recessive patients. Patients with macular lesions and central scotomata had larger amplitudes than patients with normal appearing maculae and no central scotomata. Patients with temporal optic atrophy had an earlier onset of symptoms and significant correlation with both photopic a- and b waves and bright flash dark-adapted b-wave implicit times. Macular edema was present in patients with smaller amplitudes and longer implicit times which suggest that these patients have greater panretinal dysfunction which correlates with the macular alterations. Pigment changes within the classes of none, mild, and moderate deposition correlated with ERG parameters; there was more pigment in cases where ERG parameters were worse. However, cases with heavy pigmentation did not correlate with the ERG degree of severity, suggesting that independent factors influence the amount of pigmentation that occurs in these cases. PMID- 3447341 TI - Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys. AB - Mild and severe retinal photic injuries were inflicted on 22 eyes of seven monkeys fed a vitamin C-deficient diet and four monkeys given a vitamin C enriched diet. The retinal lesions were studied by fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and light and electron microscopy. While the general cellular response to photic injury in the retina of scorbutic animals was not different qualitatively from that in the normal animals, scurvy appeared to cause more severe tissue damage, an exaggerated repair response, and more advanced retinal degeneration. In the four groups of eyes, representing mild and severe photic injury in normal and scorbutic animals, a continuous spectrum of changes was produced. The least damage occurred from mild photic injury in the normal animals, and the most detrimental insult resulted from severe photic injury in the scorbutic animals. We propose that the basic mechanism by which ascorbate mitigates retinal photic injury depends on its redox properties. Ascorbate functions as an antioxidant in the retina. It scavenges superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, quenches singlet oxygen, and reduces hydrogen peroxide, all of which are formed in retinal photic injury. This hypothesis provides an explanation for the high level of ascorbate in the retina. The pathogenetic mechanisms that correspond to the three distinct phases of pathologic changes observed in retinal photic injury are characterized. In phase 1, single oxygen is generated in a photodynamic reaction that damages the photoreceptor elements and pigment epithelium. In phase 2, macrophages attracted from the systemic circulation invade the subretinal space, and a photo-oxidative reaction generates superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. These free radicals attack the photoreceptor cells and pigment epithelium to cause further retinal damage. In phase 3, macrophages remain in the subretinal space for as long as 8 months after injury, causing persistent disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. The photo-oxidative reaction appears to linger, resulting in chronic retinal degeneration. It is hypothesized that in some forms of age-related macular degeneration, patients suffer from repeated mild photic insult throughout their lifetime. Aging has been associated with subclinical scurvy, which leads to even greater susceptibility to photic injury. Although ascorbate moderates many biochemical functions of the body and helps the retina ameliorate photo-oxidative injury, it should be regarded as a nutritional supplement to maintain health when consumed in appropriate amounts and not as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe insults. PMID- 3447342 TI - Light and aging effects on vitamin E in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the effects of senescence and light adaptation on vitamin E levels in the neural retina and RPE-choroid-sclera of pigmented rats. Aging resulted in significant increases in alpha-tocopherol levels in both tissues, the effect being most pronounced in the RPE-choroid sclera. The state of light adaptation had no influence on alpha-tocopherol levels in the neural retina at any of the ages examined, whereas in the RPE-choroid sclera, alpha-tocopherol levels were substantially higher in light-adapted than in dark-adapted animals at all three ages (12, 22, and 32 months) at which they were measured. The effect of light adaptation on RPE-choroid-scleral alpha tocopherol levels was most pronounced in the oldest age group. PMID- 3447344 TI - An electron microscopic analysis of the optic nerve of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus): total fiber count and retinotopic organisation. AB - On the basis of light and electron microscopic observations of the cross-section, the total count of optic nerve fibers in the eastern chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus) was estimated to be 5.65 x 10(5). Almost all the fibers were myelinated and only 0.9% were unmyelinated. Axon diameters of myelinated fibers showed a skewed unimodal distribution ranging from 0.2 to 3.6 microns (mean, 0.83) with the peak at 0.6-0.7 microns. Myelin sheath thickness positively correlated with the axon diameter. In the cross-section fiber density was highest in the naso-dorsal to the central part and lowest in the temporo-ventral part. Large axons are concentrated in the temporo-ventral part of the optic nerve, corresponding to the localisation of large ganglion cells in temporal crescent of the retina. A gross retinotopic organisation was verified among the optic nerve fibers in the cross-section after localised lesions by laser beam in the nasal and temporal periphery. However, when the retinal lesion was made in or around the central high density area, a non-retinotopic arrangement of the optic nerve fibers was suggested. PMID- 3447343 TI - Discrimination of differences in speed and flicker rate depends on directionally selective mechanisms. AB - The present study compared discriminations of differences in speed to differences in temporal frequency and examined the role of directionally selective mechanisms in such discriminations. In measuring the contrast dependence of speed and temporal frequency discriminations two different techniques were used to reduce the role of directionally selective mechanisms. The first was the virtual elimination of directional selectivity in the visual cortex of cats by stroboscopic rearing. The second was the reduction of directional sensitivity in normal humans and cats by testing with gratings of high spatial and low temporal frequency. Discrimination of the temporal frequency of sinusoidal gratings flickered in counterphase was worse than discrimination of speeds of moving gratings. Under conditions that maximize the sensitivity of directional mechanisms (low spatial, moderate temporal frequency) Weber fractions for speed and flicker in all normal observers (cats and humans) were constant at higher contrast and increased only as contrast began to approach threshold. In strobe reared cats sensitivity for direction was 10 times lower than sensitivity for detection. They were able to discriminate speeds and temporal frequencies only at contrasts that exceeded contrast threshold for direction. This was also true for a normal cat whose sensitivity for direction was reduced by increasing the spatial frequency of the grating. In all cases Weber fractions for flicker as a function of contrast were greater than but paralleled those for speed. PMID- 3447345 TI - Implications of the Craik-O'Brien illusion for brightness perception. AB - Measurements are reported for detection thresholds of high and low-pass filtered squarewaves, and for brightness matches of those waveforms. The threshold measurements agree closely with those of Campbell, Howell and Johnstone [J. Physiol., Lond. 284, 193-201 (1978)]: contrasts at which a high-pass squarewave was indistinguishable from an unfiltered squarewave could be well predicted from detection thresholds for an appropriate low-pass squarewave. However, the brightness of high-pass squarewaves (the "Craik-O'Brien illusion") was not related to the threshold measurements. Brightness was virtually constant with spatial frequency, even at spatial frequencies 10 times higher than the region of the low frequency cut. Brightness depended strongly on contrast, being relatively greater at low than at high contrasts. The results can be well accounted for by a recent theory of edge detection, and the existence of parallel channels in vision. PMID- 3447346 TI - The physical limits of grating visibility. AB - We examined the extent to which pre-neural factors constrain the detectability of sinusoidal gratings of different spatial frequencies and luminances. Contrast sensitivity functions were measured in two observers for foveally-presented grating patches. Spatial extent of the patches was inversely proportional to grating frequency. The observers' contrast sensitivity functions were then compared to the performance of an ideal discriminator (Geisler, 1984) which incorporated the effects of quantal fluctuations, optical transfer, ocular media transmittance, and the aperture, quantum efficiency, and spatial distribution of foveal photoreceptors. The sensitivity of the ideal discriminator was roughly 20 fold greater than that of the human observers, but the shapes of the ideal and human CSFs were quite similar from 5 to 40 c/deg and from 3.4 to 340 cd/m2. The similarity of shapes demonstrates that the high-frequency rolloff of the foveal CSF for gratings with a fixed number of cycles can be explained by the operation of pre-neural factors alone. Previous research has shown that grating summation area is inversely proportional to the square of spatial frequency. Thus, for gratings with fixed spatial extent the high-frequency rolloff can be explained by the pre-neural factors plus variations in grating summation area. These conclusions imply in turn that the neural transfer function is much flatter than previously thought and that private line connections from foveal photoreceptors to higher visual centers are common. PMID- 3447347 TI - The amplitude and angle of saccades to double-step target displacements. AB - Two experiments examined the magnitude and direction of the initial saccade to a target that underwent two displacements within 200 msec. When the amplitude of the two target displacements was held constant at 10 deg but the angle of the displacements differed by 45 deg, a small but significant number of intermediate angle saccades occurred. These intermediate-angle saccades were directed to locations between the two targets, thereby generating an angle transition function, and their amplitude was 10-20% less than the amplitude on single-step displacements. These intermediate-angle saccades were not simply the result of programming an oblique saccade because amplitude transition functions virtually identical to those reported by Becker and Jurgens [Vision Res. 19, 967-983 (1979)] for horizontal saccades were obtained for double-step target displacements limited to oblique saccades. Finally, when both target amplitude and target angle were varied in double-step displacements, it became clear that the timing of the amplitude transition function and the angle transition function was not coincident. Across conditions, the angle transition function occurred at a consistent time prior to the initial saccade, whereas the amplitude transition function occurred at a variable time prior to the initial saccade. Because these amplitude and angle transition functions appeared to be dissociated, a modified model of the saccadic programming system for double-step displacements was proposed. PMID- 3447348 TI - Contourless stimuli produce binocular brightness summation. AB - Absolute magnitude estimates by 16 observers reveal that complete binocular brightness summation occurs for flashed Ganzfeld conditions. In other words, the view using both eyes appears twice as bright as with one. However, using the same technique, but with 2 degrees fields, no such summation is found. In addition to showing that, on the average, human observers can act as photometers, the results suggest that either complete summation or averaging of the monocular brightness can occur, depending upon the presence of contours. PMID- 3447349 TI - On localization and saccade programming. AB - Three experiments investigated if and how saccade latency and accuracy are related to the localizability of target positions in parafoveal strings of varying length. The data show that target localizability indeed determines the latency of accurate primary saccades. To overcome the rapid acuity fall-off in peripheral vision as well as the lateral masking of the target induced by the presence of more or less similar nontargets the visuomotor system must increase saccade latency by approximately 60-100 msec/deg (depending on the target), in order to attain the target accurately. It is also found that the eye's first landing position within the string for short-latency saccades (190-210 msec) is independent of target localizability. Probably these primary saccades are programmed to land near the middle of the string, not to land on the target itself. This leads to a re-interpretation of the global effect in terms of efficiency of oculomotor behavior. With regard to reading the study reveals that because of the very limited localizability of target positions in parafoveal strings and because of the timing characteristics of the localization process it seems advantageous for the eye movement control system not to wait until a given target position (e.g. the convenient viewing position) is clearly localized. Instead it should program two successive saccades: one which brings the gaze quickly somewhere into the next word and one which redirects the gaze quickly to the desired position. PMID- 3447350 TI - The binocular depth stereoacuity of the pigeon and its relation to the anatomical resolving power of the eye. AB - The stereoacuity of the pigeon was measured by finding the smallest depth difference discriminable between two arrays of elements, each array confined to one of two parallel planes in space. For both the human and the pigeon, the depth between the two planes was not discriminable under stationary monocular conditions. The mean binocular depth acuity for five human subjects was 4 arc sec, reflecting hyperacuity. In the pigeon, the binocular stereoacuity was between 0.8-1.8 arc min, allowing each eye to discriminate a visual angle of at most 0.89 min of arc. This value is less than the anatomical resolving power of the retina as predicted by sampling theory. The area of the pigeon retina involved in this binocular depth judgement is likely to be the area dorsalis, a specialised region that does not contain a fovea. The pigeon is a granivorous bird with laterally placed eyes, thus we demonstrate that lifestyle and binocular field width do not predict stereoscopic vision quality. PMID- 3447351 TI - The time-course of multiplicative and subtractive adaptation process. AB - This paper examines, for foveal cone vision, the processes which mediate the transition to a steady state of adaptation following a change of illumination. In the steady state, the signal from an adapting field is attenuated not only by a multiplicative factor (reduction in gain) but also by a subtractive signal. We show that the multiplicative change is accomplished very rapidly following the onset of an adapting field (within about 50 msec). Much of the subtractive change is also accomplished rapidly, but it takes several sec to complete. At the offset of the field, the multiplicative process takes over 200 msec to recover. This slower time-course at offset may be a consequence of receptoral persistence. PMID- 3447352 TI - Summation of very close spatial frequencies: the importance of spatial probability summation. AB - In accounting for pattern thresholds it is necessary to consider probability summation (or equivalent nonlinear pooling) not only across detectors selective for different spatial frequencies but also across detectors in different spatial positions. Interestingly, calculation on this basis shows that the amount of summation between components of closely similar spatial frequency in a large grating is primarily determined by the variation in sensitivity of detectors at different spatial locations and is little affected by the spatial-frequency bandwidths of the detectors. To test this conclusion, we have measured the amount of summation between two components with spatial frequencies very close to 6 c/deg in two regions of the visual field: in the fovea (a region where sensitivity is very non-uniform) and in the periphery (where sensitivity is nearly uniform). As predicted, there was less summation between components of very closely similar frequencies in the nearly-uniform peripheral region than in the non-uniform foveal region. Measurements in the fovea of the summation of two components with spatial frequencies very near to either 1.5, 6 or 24 c/deg showed, as expected, that the amount of summation depends upon the ratio of the frequencies rather than their absolute difference, indicating that probability summation takes place over an area related to spatial frequency rather than over a fixed area. PMID- 3447353 TI - Early color deprivation and subsequent color vision in a dichromatic monkey. AB - A squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was reared for the first 4 months of life in a dim, colorless environment. Following an additional 10 months of normal visual experience, tests of color vision and spectral sensitivity were run on this animal and a control subject. The results suggest that the adult expression of dichromatic color vision does not depend on color experience during the first 4 months of life. PMID- 3447354 TI - Serotonin containing neurons in the retina of the teleost Eugerres plumieri. AB - The concentration and localization of serotonin was determined in the retina of the teleost Eugerres plumieri by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunohistochemical techniques. Serotonin and dopamine were measured simultaneously, their concentrations in the retina being 77 +/- 8 and 516 +/- 23 ng/mg tissue respectively. Treatment of the animals with pargyline significantly increased the levels of dopamine and serotonin. When retinas were treated with the neurotoxin 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, the level of serotonin was reduced by more than 90% while the dopamine content only diminished by 20% when compared to controls. By using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal anti-serotonin antibody it was possible to localize this amine in cell bodies of a population of amacrine cells with processes extending mainly into a thin layer of the most external lamina of the inner plexiform layer. Very few ramifications were seen projecting to the internal lamina of this layer. When visualized in flat mount preparations, dense arborization of fluorescent processes was observed. This is the first direct evidence that serotonin is apparently present in amacrine cells of the retina of E. plumieri with a distribution of the serotonergic terminals similar to goldfish but somewhat different when compared to other species. PMID- 3447355 TI - Coding of visual stimulus velocity in area MT of the macaque. AB - We have studied the interaction of the direction and speed selectivities of neurons in cortical visual area MT of the macaque monkey. For a given cell, preferred direction and the shape of the direction tuning curve for moving edges were similar at different stimulus speeds, and deviations from the optimal speed did not systematically alter direction tuning bandwidth. Similar speed tuning was obtained for responses to motion in the preferred and anti-preferred directions even when the response to anti-preferred motion was an inhibitory one. The results are discussed in terms of the unique contributions of area MT to visual motion analysis. PMID- 3447356 TI - Interstitial retinol-binding protein and cellular retinal-binding protein in the mammalian pineal. AB - Antibodies against bovine interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRA1BP) were used in immunochemical and immunocytochemical studies of the pineal glands of cattle, hamsters and rats (RCS and RCS-rdy+). On immunoblots, IRBP (Mr 144,000) was identified in cattle, hamster and rat pineal extracts. The abundance of IRBP in bovine pineals was 33 +/- 6 ng.mg-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 12) soluble protein. RCS (Royal College of Surgeons) rat pineals gave a strong IRBP reaction on immunoblots, even when virtually no IRBP could be found in the eye due to photoreceptor degeneration. In the hamster retina IRBP immunostaining was distributed throughout the entire interphotoreceptor matrix and the outer segment layer. The pineal also showed strong IRBP-like immunostaining scattered uniformly throughout the gland. Other hamster brain regions showed no specific immunostaining; however, an immunoreactive protein with the same Mr as IRBP was detected on Western blots of bovine cerebral cortex, spinal cord and brainstem soluble proteins. Immunoreactive proteins at lower Mr were also detected in these tissues. CRA1BP immunoreactivity (Mr about 32,000) was observed in immunoblots of bovine, hamster and rat pineal proteins. These findings suggest that some mammalian pinealocytes are related to the retinal cells that contain CRA1BP (i.e. pigment epithelium, Muller cells) while others are related to the photoreceptors, which synthesize IRBP. PMID- 3447357 TI - Intensity coding and luxotonic activity in the ground squirrel lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The responses of contrast-sensitive cells in the ground squirrel LGN were studied. In most cells the response to an on-off stimulus was comprised of two components: a sustained on and a transient on-off. The sustained component amplitude was a power function of the light intensity and disappeared altogether at low temperature while the transient component was insensitive to the light intensity and to a drop in temperature. These cells were also luxotonic; they increased their average firing rate when the intensity of a steady stimulus was increased. The possible relation of the luxotonic activity to the diurnal nature of the ground squirrel is discussed. PMID- 3447358 TI - Studying striate cortex neurons in behaving monkeys: benefits of image stabilization. AB - Responses of single cells in the striate cortex of a behaving monkey were studied while the eye movements of fixation were monitored with high precision. Receptive fields of cortical neurons moved in space with the eye. When the eye position signal was used to stabilize the image on the retina, response rates were more vigorous and more reliable. When the image was not stabilized, the estimates of receptive field activating areas were influenced (usually inflated) in unpredictable ways. With stabilization, small receptive fields can be studied and powerful surround interactions become apparent. PMID- 3447359 TI - Ultraviolet receptors, tetrachromatic colour vision and retinal mosaics in the brown trout (Salmo trutta): age-dependent changes. AB - Microspectrophotometric analysis of the visual receptors of "yearling" brown trout, Salmo trutta, revealed three cone types, double cones with visual pigments absorbing maximally at about 600 and 535 nm, and two types of single cone with lambda max at about 440 and 355 nm. Two-year-old fish did not possess the u.v. cone cells. Microscopical analysis of the cone mosaic in "yearling" trout showed a square pattern of double cones with a central single cone and corner single cones, but in two-year-old trout the corner cones were absent. It is concluded that u.v. sensitivity is derived from the corner cones of the mosaic, and that it is only present in young trout. PMID- 3447360 TI - Visual persistence of stereoscopic stimuli: electric brain activity without perceptual correlate. AB - Dynamic random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used to study cortical neuronal mechanisms related to visual persistence in nine subjects. Electric brain potential components evoked by stereoscopic stimuli were compared to those evoked by conventional checkerboard stimuli with contrast borders. In a pattern onset/offset presentation visual persistence thresholds were significantly lower for stereoscopic than for contrast stimuli: with temporally modulated patterns stereoscopic stimuli appeared to visually persist at much shorter interstimulus intervals than contrast stimuli. With stereoscopic stimuli all subjects reported not seeing changes of the RDS pattern, while the corresponding evoked potentials showed components related to the stimulus changes indicating a consistent discrepancy between psychophysical and electrophysiological data. The electrical brain activity was not caused by vergence eye movements elicited by the stereoscopic stimulus. In addition, for dynamic RDS stimuli a significant inverse linear relationship between temporal modulation frequency and evoked potential amplitude was found which was not observed with comparable contrast stimuli. PMID- 3447361 TI - The shape of the high frequency flicker sensitivity curve. AB - For a light flickering with a modulation amplitude delta L, there is a single frequency f above which the light appears steady (fused). The relationship between delta L and f has been measured often under a variety of conditions, but its mathematical form is disputed. Three candidate functions have been proposed: (1) log delta L alpha f [Ferry-Porter law], (2) log delta L alpha f1/2 [diffusion model], and (3) log delta L alpha log f [cascaded integrator model]. Although all three functions roughly fit flicker fusion data (after appropriate linear transformation), they differ in curvature. We compared these functions using the general expression (4) log delta L alpha f lambda, where lambda denotes a curvature parameter. Functions (1)-(3) are special cases of (4) with lambda = 1, 0.5, and 0 respectively. When applied to 35 sets of flicker fusion data, the mean values of the best fitting lambda for each data-set was 0.919 (95% confidence interval 1.027 to 0.812). We conclude that the Ferry-Porter law describes most data better than a diffusion model, and that an integrator model deviates consistently in every case. PMID- 3447362 TI - Human binocular interaction: towards a neural model. AB - A new model for binocular processing is described. (i) In the bilateral either eye channel, summation of the excitatory monocular responses is preceded by partial, reciprocal inhibition between each eye's responses. (ii) In the fused channel, the response is binocular, purely excitatory, multiplicative. (iii) The net binocular response of the system is a sum of the outputs of (i) and (ii). The model contains no independent monocular contributions to the net binocular response. All stimuli on corresponding retinal loci are processed in the either eye channel; in addition, the fused channel responds to stimuli that are near 0 phase interocularly. The model is sufficiently general to account for binocular performance at the differential luminance threshold and in suprathreshold contrast matching, and it also offers a novel explanation for interocular transfer of adaptation. Plausibility of the model is briefly considered with regard to visual neurophysiology. PMID- 3447364 TI - Kinetic perimetry assessment of binocular visual field shape and size in young infants. AB - Kinetic perimetry was used to measure the extent of the binocular visual field in 8 directions in 77 full-term infants tested as neonates, 4-week-olds, or 8-week olds. The apparatus consisted of a black, 4-arm arc perimeter, a centrally located 6-deg stationary white sphere, and an identical sphere that served as the peripheral target. Neonates showed larger visual fields than did 4- and 8-week olds, perhaps due to the strength of the older infants' fixation of the central target. Infants at all ages showed significantly smaller fields than did adults. However, visual field shape was similar in infants and adults. PMID- 3447363 TI - Accommodation in infants as measured by photorefraction. AB - We developed a video camera photorefractive procedure that allows on-line monitoring of accommodation from a distance of 1-2m, and have used it to study accommodation in twenty-nine 2- to 10-month-old human infants. We presented square wave gratings and random checkerboard targets at 25, 33, 50, and 100 cm from the infant. All infants altered their accommodation in the appropriate direction for changing target distances. We also presented infants with a slowly rotating circular striped target. We did not observe any systematic change in accommodation of the astigmatic infants to the rotating striped target, nor any significant change in their accommodation to stationary targets as a function of target type. Measured speeds of accommodation in infants were at least 4.6 D/sec, comparable to that found for adults. PMID- 3447365 TI - Children's and adults' predictive saccades to square-wave targets. AB - Predictive saccades to square-wave targets were investigated in school age children and adults at target frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 Hz. Both children and adults showed predictive tracking that was greatest at the middle of the frequency range, but children's saccade latencies were greater than those of adults at frequencies of 0.5 Hz and above. The variability of saccade latencies for children and adults were comparable. These results were interpreted as indicating that both children's and adults' oculomotor systems include a prediction operator and respond to predictable stimuli in qualitatively similar, although quantitatively different, ways. PMID- 3447366 TI - Nonlinearity in human visual responses to two-dimensional patterns, and a limitation of Fourier methods. AB - Subjects viewed a pattern consisting of two superimposed gratings: a vertical grating that was counterphase-modulated at Fl Hz and a variable-orientation grafting modulated at F2 Hz. A nonlinear orientation-tuned cross-modulation term of frequency (2F1 + 2K2)Hz in the evoked potential was large when the gratings were parallel and had a half-height full bandwidth of about 12 deg. But a strong (2F1 + 2F2) term was also produced by orthogonal gratings. The application of Fourier methods to analyzing human visual processing of patterns modulated in two dimensions assumes that there is no nonlinear interaction between visual responses to orthogonal gratings. The existence of a strong cross-modulation term in the orthogonal-grating response violates this crucial requirement. Our findings could not result from the stimulation of independent, linear, orientation-selective mechanisms. PMID- 3447367 TI - Recovery from contrast adaptation: effects of spatial and temporal frequency. AB - The time-course of the recovery from adaptation to drifting gratings was estimated as a function of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the stimulus. A new method was used, in which the response latencies for the detection of contrasts presented during the recovery were measured. An exponential function provides a good description of the recovery. The initial (i.e. at the beginning of the recovery period) and asymptotic values of this function depend on the temporal frequency but not on the spatial frequency of the adapting stimulus. The time constants increase with high spatial frequency and follow a U-shaped function of the temporal frequency of the adapting stimulus. PMID- 3447368 TI - Vision beyond the resolution limit: aliasing in the periphery. AB - Pattern resolution is generally considered a prerequisite for spatial vision because details too fine to be resolved cannot be distinguished from a uniform field. However, our experiments using peripheral vision demonstrate that reliable pattern detection is possible for images far beyond the resolution limit. The visual percept which arises in this case is an illusion called aliasing in which the apparent spatial structure of the stimulus is quite different from that actually present. Aliasing begins at spatial frequencies just above the classical resolution limit, which is taken as evidence that peripheral resolution is limited by the coarse spacing of visual neurons rather than by increased size of their receptive fields. At a given eccentricity, the very finest pattern which produces aliasing has a spatial period which approaches the smallest anatomical dimension: the diameter of a single cone photoreceptor. PMID- 3447369 TI - [Biorhythms in dermatological practice]. PMID- 3447370 TI - [Venereal diseases in Vietnam]. PMID- 3447371 TI - [Use of external medicinal preparations containing betamethasone in the treatment of chronic dermatoses]. PMID- 3447372 TI - [Buschke's scleredema]. PMID- 3447373 TI - [Development of plans for raising the quality of scientific studies and improving the training of specialists in dermato-venereology]. PMID- 3447374 TI - [Effective zinc oxide therapy of children with acrodermatitis enteropathica]. PMID- 3447375 TI - [Tumor dermatomyositis]. PMID- 3447376 TI - [Scleroderma in middle and old age]. PMID- 3447377 TI - [Skin manifestations of erythremia]. PMID- 3447378 TI - [Rondomycin in the treatment of gonorrhea in men]. PMID- 3447380 TI - [A case of belated diagnosis of late congenital syphilis]. PMID- 3447379 TI - [State of protein metabolism in patients with syphilis during treatment]. PMID- 3447381 TI - [Early congenital syphilis in a female infant born to a mother without symptoms of syphilis]. PMID- 3447382 TI - [Photochemotherapy of patients with mycosis fungoides: a clinico histomorphological study]. PMID- 3447383 TI - [Salmonella daarle (6,8:y:e,n,x)--report on the isolation of a new serovar]. AB - The serological and biochemical characteristics of a so far unknown serovar of Salmonella subspecies I with the serological formula 6,8:y:e,n,x (detailed antigenic formula = 6(1),8:y:e,n,x,z16, No. IP 5526/86 = H 428-36/86) is described. It has been named after a borough of Saarbrucken: Salmonella daarle. PMID- 3447384 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica serodiagnosis: a dual role of specific IgA. Evaluation of microagglutination and ELISA. AB - The microagglutination technique for the detection of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica, serovars 3 and 9 (corresponding to O-groups I and V), was compared with the conventional tube agglutination. An immunoglobulin class specific, indirect ELISA (polyvalent immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA) was established employing as antigens formalinized whole bacteria ("OH"-antigens) and LPS preparations (hot phenol-water extraction). ELISA titers and net absorbancy (ELISA-"units") of single serum dilutions were in good agreement; the same was true for ELISA and agglutination results. Specificity (against healthy controls) and sensitivity of both serologic techniques were comparable. Cross-reacting antibodies against serovars 3 and 9 could be identified in the ELISA. Correct serovar-specific diagnosis was possible in 95% with a single assay (polyvalent Ig assay with LPS-antigen). The sensitivity of the LPS-ELISA was superior to the "OH" antigen assay after infections by serovar 3 strains, and antibodies were detected with LPS preparations for a longer period following reconvalescence. Specific IgA, due to its rapid decrease during reconvalescence, on one hand impresses as a valuable marker for the differentiation of recent disease from uncomplicated past infections, while persistence of IgA appears to be associated with Yersinia-induced arthritis. Persisting IgM but rarely IgA titers were characteristically found in patients with prolonged enteric yersiniosis. PMID- 3447385 TI - Comparison of two newly developed forms of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). AB - Two modifications of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to the quantitative determination of TSST-1 in culture supernatants of S. aureus strains. In both techniques, biotinylated antibodies (anti-TSST-1), obtained by means of either glutaraldehyde or N,N-dimethyl formamide were used. IgG and biotin were conjugated in various ratios and the different conjugates thus obtained were examined for their reactivity in the ELISA tests. The application of the glutaraldehyde-method resulted in more active, sensitive and stable conjugates. Furthermore, acceptable TSST-1 standard curves under fixed conditions were only obtained when the appropriate ratio of biotin to IgG had been determined before the biotinylated antibodies were employed. PMID- 3447386 TI - Effect of inhibitors of proteases and glycosidases on functional lability of newly synthesized hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein in avirulent NDV strain-infected cells. AB - Inhibition of either glycosylation or the protein synthesis leads to sharp drop of hemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (Nase) activities in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected cells. The drop can be prevented by tosyl-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone, an inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases, or D-galactonolactone, an inhibitor of glycosidases, if added together with cycloheximide. Tosyl-lysyl chloromethyl-ketone when added alone increases the level of both the HA and Nase activities as compared with non-treated virus-infected cells. It has been suggested that the actual level of the HA and Nase activities in the virus infected cells is a result of dynamic equilibrium between the synthesis and post translational functional maturation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) molecules, on the one hand, and the protease and glycosidase-mediated functional inactivation, on the other. PMID- 3447387 TI - Higher yields and increased purity of in vitro grown Toxoplasma gondii. AB - An improved method for in vitro cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii is described. Commonly, confluent cell monolayers are infected with Toxoplasma; higher yields and an increased purity could be obtained instead when host cells were immediately infected after subculture: Depending on the initial parasite inoculum 2-3 fold increased multiplication rates were achieved and simultaneously the amount of host cell debris was reduced to 10-20 per cent compared to that deriving from infected cell monolayers. This may be ascribed to a facilitated invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma when the cell's glycocalyx is irritated by trypsinization and to a more far-reaching exploitation of young separated host cells in contrast to cells of monolayers. Moreover, the Toxoplasma trophozoites could be harvested from tissue culture already four days after infection without any change of medium, which makes the method very economical. PMID- 3447388 TI - International Symposium on In Vitro Cultivation of Parasites and Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Parasitology. Zurich, Switzerland, April 9-11, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3447389 TI - [Pathogenesis and etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (clinico morphological research)]. AB - The authors describe a 22-year-long course of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis; 14 of these years the patient was maintained by artificial ventilation of the lungs. Total paralysis was associated with intact consciousness and the function of the eye-moving muscles. According to morphological findings the death of motoneurons of the spinal cord and brain stem, as well as of corticospinal tracts was combined with signs of slowly progressive inflammatory process. Virus-like inclusions detected in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes point to a possible infectious nature of the disease. PMID- 3447390 TI - [Memory and noise immunity in diagnosing the emotional state from the voice in patients with local brain lesions]. AB - In 132 patients with local lesions of the brain of predominantly vascular genesis the authors investigated short-term memory and noise immunity in recognizing the emotional state by voice. Three speech and two non-speech tests were used. The authors identified disorders of the studied function of emotional-prosodic characteristics of speech and non-speech sound complexes. The degree of these disorders and disturbances is determined by the same factors: localization of the focus in the speech portions of the left hemisphere and severity of speech impairment. This is indicative of the existence of the common mechanisms underlying these disorders and related to the status of acoustic-speech memory and noise immunity. The studied functions have been found to depend on other factors of focal and extrafocal nature as well. Two types of memory disorders expressed in either complicating or facilitating the effect of the pause have been identified. PMID- 3447392 TI - [Outlook for a systems approach to the study of epilepsy]. AB - The author considers the possibility and ways of using the total systems approach in the study of epilepsy. Analysis of genetic and acquired factors in the development of liability to paroxysmal attacks is made with a particular emphasis on their interrelationship and interdependence. Main subproblems covering different aspects of epileptogenesis are outlined. The necessity of the multidisciplinary approach to the investigation of epilepsy is underlined. PMID- 3447391 TI - [Toxicity of the cerebrospinal fluid in comas of various etiologies]. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined by chromatography-mass spectrometry in 10 normal subjects and 27 patients with comas of different etiology. The findings included detection of a number of highly toxic intermediate metabolites of intra- and extracerebral origin. Their concentration was dependent on the nature of the condition. Maximal toxicity of the CSF was observed in cases of severe craniocerebral trauma and hemorrhagic stroke which were associated with the penetration of blood into the CSF. PMID- 3447393 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in patients with epilepsy following its neurosurgical treatment]. AB - The course of pregnancy and parturition has been examined in 29 women who had been operated on for temporal epilepsy at the age of 13 to 29 years. The period of follow-up varied from 2 to 18 years. It has been established that pregnancy in these women is attended by a somewhat elevated predisposition to cerebral convulsions so that anticonvulsive therapy is indicated for such patients during this period. Barbiturates displayed no dysmorphogenic action in these patients. PMID- 3447394 TI - [Hyperactive behavior in children as a complication of antiepileptic treatment]. AB - The article deals with a rather frequent complication of antiepileptic treatment (largely with phenobarbital) observed in children, namely, psychomotor hyperactivity. Phenomenological similarity of this kind of drug-associated complications on the one hand and pathogenic complications on the other seriously hinders their differentiation. For this reason, following the appearance of the first signs of hyperactivity (either acute or latent) all efforts should be aimed at the identification of its underlying cause, shunning the injudicious increase in doses and, particularly, in the number of anticonvulsants used, since polytherapy involves specific difficulties in the diagnosis. Recent studies confirming the hypothesis that phenobarbital has a considerable effect on the sleep organization, reducing its paradoxical phase, may to a certain extent explain behavioural abnormalities secondary to reconstruction of the emotional motivational sphere of the child, resulting from drug therapy. PMID- 3447395 TI - [Organization of functional research in neurological practice (the planning and standards aspect)]. AB - The author validates the urgent need for improvement in the organizational form of conducting functional studies in neurological patients under conditions of increasing requirements for such studies. He shows inadequacy of the existing organizational form of providing care to neurological patients in ECG rooms. An original methodological approach to the organization of corresponding units (rooms) in the framework of neurological departments of hospitals is proposed. PMID- 3447396 TI - [Clinico-psychopathological characteristics of the mental disorders at a neurotic level detected in patients at a general polyclinic]. AB - Examination of patients observed at a general somatic outpatient centre showed that 31.2% of the patients had mental disorders of the borderline level. Most commonly occurring among the psychopathological syndromes were atypical affective conditions with definite somatization of mental disturbances, which was expressed in massive somatic sensations (senestopathies), vegetative irregularities, and somatic pathology of the functional character. Such conditions made up 62.7%. The given syndromologic type is defined as senestopathic-hypochondriac depression which is subdivided into two variants depending on the nature of the symptomatology. The study has shown that the revealed psychopathological syndromes of the borderline level predominantly refer to the endogenic process of low intensity and less frequently to personality pathology at the stage of decompensation. PMID- 3447397 TI - [Induced litigious-paranoid disorders with onset at an advanced age]. AB - In some old patients with a psychogenic quarrelsome paranoiac symptom complex the latter develops by the mechanism of psychic induction. Pathological quarrelling shows a number of clinical dynamic peculiarities in patients in whom it has been induced as against those who have initiated it. PMID- 3447398 TI - [The current understanding of so-called exceptional states in the forensic psychiatry clinic]. AB - Exceptional conditions distinguished in forensic psychiatry represent a clinically heterogeneous group which is predominantly composed of brief psychic disorders associated with impaired consciousness which are presented by the conventionally distinguished variants of exceptional states (pathological intoxication, pathological affect, a short-circuit reaction) and are expressed clinically in the same psychopathological syndrome (twilight loss of consciousness). Two forms of this syndrome have been identified on the basis of etiopathological mechanisms of the syndrome, namely organic twilight states and psychogenic or affectogenic twilight states. Clinical descriptions of various types of twilight loss of consciousness is presented. PMID- 3447399 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of patients with schizophrenia]. AB - Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was employed in 50 schizophrenic patients showing resistance to the conducted drug therapy. Thirty-two patients had shift-like and 18, sluggish, moderately and slowly progressive forms of schizophrenia. HBO treatment was always combined with psychopharmacotherapy. The results of the study have shown the advisability of inclusion of HBO into the multiple-modality treatment of patients with asthenic and apathetic depressions encountered during a shift-like or sluggish, schizophrenia with hysteric-hypochondriac disturbances and obsessions. The maximum therapeutic effect was observed after 10-12 sessions of HBO. PMID- 3447400 TI - [Effect of psychopharmacotherapy on the course of forced insulin-coma treatment of patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. AB - The course of forced insulin-coma therapy in cases of preliminary employment of psychotropic drugs (mainly derivatives of phenothiazine or leponex) may be attended by variable forms of deviations including serious complications whereas they are not encountered in cases of treatment with haloperidol and pharmacologically similar long-acting drugs. These findings justify the employment, when necessary, of the above drugs in combination with forced insulin coma therapy. PMID- 3447401 TI - [Characteristics of the frequency component of EEG alpha rhythm of patients with neurosis-like schizophrenia (based on spectral analysis data)]. AB - In 20 patients with neurosis-like schizophrenia and in 10 healthy subjects the authors, using the spectral analysis, assessed the composition of the alpha-range of the baseline EEG and studied the peculiarities of the frequency components of alpha-rhythm in various states. The patients were characterized by multimodality of the baseline EEG. The patients (versus the normal subjects) presented significantly different types of response of the main frequency components of EEG alpha-rhythm to the hyperventilation test. PMID- 3447402 TI - [Clinico-tomographic study of atherosclerotic dementia]. AB - On the basis of the results obtained in the examination of 61 patients with atherosclerotic dementia, the author has established general clinical peculiarities of dementia: asthenia, rigidity and the fluctuations in the patients' status. The main types of dementia (general organic, torpid, pseudoparalytic, and amnestic) reflecting the characteristics of cerebrovascular pathology detected by computer tomography of the brain, as well as patterns of the disease (stroke, mixed and stroke-free) have been defined. The main types of structural changes in the patients' brain (foci of lower density, expansion of the CSF spaces and diffuse decrease in the bran density) have been identified. The aggregate of tomographic signs preferable for each type of atherosclerotic dementia and the correlation between the severity of dementia and elicited structural alterations in the brain have been ascertained. PMID- 3447403 TI - [Evaluation of the classification of pathological personality development of exogenous organic origin by the main component method]. AB - The author has tested the developed classification of the pathological personality development of the exogenic-organic genesis using the method of main components. On the basis of the mathematical processing of clinical symptomatology in 348 patients with various types of the pathological development (asthenic, hysteriform, hypochondriac, explosive) the author has defined three main components: "excitability", "inhibition" and "hypochondriac anger". An analysis of the distributional pattern of types of the pathological personality development in orthogonal planes of three main components has made it possible to establish the adequacy of the proposed classification of the internal structure of the disease and identify the variants appearing as "unifying" and "distinguishing" borderlines between individual types. PMID- 3447404 TI - [Impaired constructive performance of patients with alcoholism]. AB - Using experimental and psychological techniques (Koos' cubes, Luria's methods) 200 patients with the second stage of chronic alcoholism have been examined. The function of constructive performance was found to be impaired. The central defect of the constructive performance of the representative group was an impaired ability to space the elements of the construction. All errors of the examined patients were due to the defect of optico-spatial perception which is suggestive of impaired functions of the parietooccipital portions of the brain. In confirmation of the above conclusion the authors present the results of neuropsychological examination of 95 patients in the state of abstinence and after it has been eliminated. PMID- 3447406 TI - [Organizational problems of the dispensary care of neurology patients]. PMID- 3447405 TI - [Histological and cytochemical changes in the cerebral cortex of the progeny of alcohol-administered animals]. AB - The authors examined the sensomotor cortex of the brain of 30- and 60-day-old progeny of non-inbred female rats alcoholized for 4 months prior to and during pregnancy. The offspring presented structural and cytochemical signs of the malformation of the cerebral cortex and dystrophic changes. Signs characteristic of neuro-ontogenetic impairment include: retardation in the growth of the cortical width, the size of neurons, accumulation in them of protein substances and insufficient variability of classes of neurons in respect of protein concentrations. The above signs of cerebral dysontogenesis are not compensated for by the age of 60 days. Dystrophic-destructive alterations in neurons, augmenting with age, lead to significant depletion of the cortical layers. The authors discuss the role of impairment of the protein-synthetizing system of neurons in the morphological manifestation of the cerebral cortex dysontogenesis and in the development of the dystrophic process. PMID- 3447407 TI - [Experience and outlook in the teaching of neurology in a biomedical department]. PMID- 3447408 TI - Present status of the usage of blood products and its impact on blood program and clinical medicine: how to balance supply and demand for blood self-sufficiency. PMID- 3447409 TI - Effects of non-MHC background genes on the induction of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3447410 TI - Analysis of protein C by using fascinating monoclonal antibodies against protein C. PMID- 3447411 TI - Immunological studies on functions of platelet membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 3447412 TI - [Prognostic factors of ovarian cancer at our department]. PMID- 3447413 TI - [Studies on the glycosylated hemoglobin during pregnancy]. PMID- 3447414 TI - Synthesis and properties of cyclic derivatives of phenylsuccinic acid. IX. New phenylsuccinimide derivatives with anticonvulsant properties. PMID- 3447415 TI - [Synthesis and properties of various salts of the quaternary derivatives of phenylpyridyl(methyl)carbinol)]. PMID- 3447416 TI - [Synthesis of new amino ethers of 2,2-dimethyl- and 4,4-dimethyl pyranocoumarins]. PMID- 3447417 TI - [Preparation of semisynthetic heparinoids. III. Potentiating the anticoagulative activity of heparinoids by treatment of the products of their degradation with H2O2 solutions]. PMID- 3447418 TI - [Synthesis of new derivatives of 2-methyl-8-H-furo [2,3-G] [1]-benzopyran-8-one]. PMID- 3447419 TI - [Synthesis of derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-one with potential depressive effect on the central nervous system]. PMID- 3447420 TI - [Synthesis of various N-acyl derivatives of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6-methyl- and 6,11-dimethyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocine]. PMID- 3447421 TI - [Synthesis of acyl derivatives of various sulfonamides with potential antifungal effect]. PMID- 3447422 TI - Uremic toxins. Proceedings of the Ghent Symposium. October 3-4, 1986, Ghent, Belgium. PMID- 3447423 TI - Pathogenesis and consequences of the alteration of glucose metabolism in renal insufficiency. PMID- 3447424 TI - Separation of peptidic inhibitor of erythropoiesis in uremia. PMID- 3447425 TI - Uremic toxins inhibit the platelet malonyldialdehyde production rate. PMID- 3447426 TI - A possible regulatory system of microtubule formation among uremic toxins. PMID- 3447427 TI - Encephalopathic toxicity: an experimental model of uremia and solute-specific dialysis. PMID- 3447428 TI - The fraction b 4-2: isolation, characterization and biological activities with reference to uremic polyneuropathy. PMID- 3447429 TI - Intracellular acid-base and energy metabolism in uremia: a preliminary study on five patients before and during dialysis treatment. PMID- 3447430 TI - Is selenium deficiency the cause of uraemic cardiomyopathy? AB - We studied the relationship between serum selenium (Se) and left ventricular performance in 33 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Low serum Se was frequent. However, there were no significant differences in echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function between patients with serum Se less than 0.9 umol/l and those with serum Se greater than 0.9 umol/l. We conclude that Se deficiency is not an important cause of cardiac failure in uraemia. PMID- 3447431 TI - Does hypermagnesemia suppress parathyroid activity and therefore play a role in amelioration of uremic toxicity? PMID- 3447432 TI - Syntheses and structure-activity relationships of thymopoietin. PMID- 3447433 TI - Isolation of an immunosuppressive fraction from uremic ultrafiltrates. PMID- 3447434 TI - Retention patterns. PMID- 3447435 TI - A purification method by uncoated charcoal. PMID- 3447436 TI - Amino acid composition of uremic middle and low molecular weight retention products. AB - In order to characterize the spectrum of small peptides retained in chronic renal failure, we carried out high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of serum ultrafiltrates from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), acute renal failure (ARF), and normal subjects. HPLC patterns in CRF resolved into more than twenty peaks; those in ARF contained fewer peaks and resembled that of normals. We carried out amino acid analysis of HPLC fractions after hydrolysis with 6N HC1 of four patients with CRF, one patient with ARF, and one normal subject. Following hydrolysis each HPLC fraction yielded several amino acids. Glycine, leucine, serine, phosphoserine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine were found in greatest frequency in the four CRF patients. PMID- 3447438 TI - Isolation of sialylcompounds from hemofiltrate of chronic uremic patients and identification by nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 3447440 TI - An advanced, user-friendly microcomputer program for hemodialysis kinetics. PMID- 3447439 TI - Identification of two uremic toxins by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. PMID- 3447437 TI - Biochemical elucidation and HPLC fractionation of fluorescent peptides in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We evaluated the biochemical characteristics of endogenous fluorescent substances, Ex 380 nm/Em 440 nm and Ex 400 nm/Em 460 nm, present in sera of patients with chronic renal failure (Clin. Chem. 31:1988, 1985). Sera from 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and from 10 normal subjects were filtered through ultrafiltration membranes (cutoff limit of 500 Da). Fluorescence intensity of the aforementioned substances was significantly elevated as compared to normals (p less than 0.001). Fluorescence characteristics of these substances remained unaltered after ultrafiltration and treatment with beta-glucuronidase. Extraction of these fluorescent compounds with organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform:methanol) could not be achieved after ultrafiltrates were subjected to 6N hydrochloric acid (HC1) hydrolysis. In addition, treatment with 6N HC1 enhanced fluorescence intensity without altering fluorescence excitation/emission maxima. Removal of fluorescence could be accomplished in toto by adsorption onto activated charcoal with subsequent recovery from charcoal by treatment with sodium hydroxide, pH 12 (Ex 380 nm: 51.1%, Ex 400 nm: 91.8%). Analysis of alkali-treated specimens by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that peptides associated with these fluorescent substances were denatured, although fluorescence at these previously described excitation/emission maxima persisted. Our studies indicate that the unique fluorescence observed in the sera of patients with CRF is not an intrinsic characteristic of a specific peptide or its amino acids, but rather an inherent property of fluorescent molecules which may bind to these peptides. PMID- 3447442 TI - Predicted time of dialysis in patients with different volumes of urea distribution--the use of mathematical model. PMID- 3447441 TI - Is serum urea a good index for predicting morbidity in hemodialysis (HD)? PMID- 3447443 TI - Membranes and their removal of uremic toxins. PMID- 3447444 TI - Replacement of excretory kidney function by high-efficiency hemodiafiltration (HDF) with a peptide-permeable membrane. PMID- 3447445 TI - Middle molecules and the 7 C factor. PMID- 3447447 TI - Hemofiltration-induced serum modifications in the pattern of larger molecules. PMID- 3447446 TI - Removal of small proteins--the stepchild of dialysis therapy. Protein permeability of different hemofiltration membranes analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). PMID- 3447448 TI - Carnitine depletion during chronic hemodialysis: effect of substitution on free carnitine plasma levels. PMID- 3447449 TI - Middle molecules as a marker of uremic toxins. PMID- 3447450 TI - Polyamines and uremia. AB - PAs are intracellular regulators of growth and anabolic processes. Toxic properties of PAs are conferred according to the increasing number of cationic charges. In uremia, PA accumulation occurs both in and outside the cell. Decreased PA synthesis and blunted PA pathway responses suggest PAs may participate in cellular down regulation. This would explain the lack of tissue responses to elevated plasma hormones, a feature of uremia. Such homeostatic control could prevent life-threatening PA toxicity due to an imbalance between production, degradation and excretion. The concurrent rise in plasma PA oxidative activity, while adversely influencing behavior of lymphocytes and neutrophils reduces the likelihood of direct PA toxicity. In addition, preliminary observation of increased glomerular size and capillary area of intact kidneys in PA treated mice suggest there could be a PA dependent adaptive enhancement of renal excretion in circumstances of decreased renal mass due to disease, thus, compensatory renal hypertrophy. It is important to further inspect the non-uremic chronic hyperpolyaminemias as they occur in man. The continued search for parallel adverse systemic and local effects will be useful in strengthening the base for understanding homeostatic consequences of PA accumulation unobserved by the complex mixture of uremic metabolites. In conclusion, we have examined some known regulatory and toxic properties of PAs and related these to features of the uremic syndrome. Available information on the various ramifications of PA dysmetabolism in uremia, as with other suspect toxins, is in part circumscribed and indirect. Caution is to be exercised in evaluating the new and provisional PA related cause and effect relationships suggested here.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447452 TI - Purine metabolites in uraemia. PMID- 3447451 TI - Hippuric acid as a marker. PMID- 3447453 TI - The role of lipids in progressive glomerular disease. AB - The role of lipids in the pathogenesis of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) was evaluated using two chemically different lipid lowering agents, clofibric acid and mevinolin. Pharmacologically, these two agents have different mechanisms of action. Clofibric acid affects both cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, while mevinolin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3 methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cellular cholesterol synthesis. In two different models of FGS in which hyperlipidemia occurs, the obese Zucker rat and the 5/6 nephrectomy model, both agents significantly reduced FGS and albuminuria. Since glomerular hemodynamic function is normal in obese Zucker rats, these results suggested that lipids are an independent factor in the pathogenesis of FGS. Moreover, in the 5/6 nephrectomy model, the beneficial effects on glomerular structure of reducing serum lipids occurred despite persistent systemic and glomerular hypertension. Thus, we postulated that a synergistic interaction between lipids and hypertension might exist in the pathogenesis of FGS. PMID- 3447455 TI - The insulin-resistance inducing factor associated with uremia. PMID- 3447454 TI - Aluminum an uremic toxin. PMID- 3447456 TI - Growth depression in broiler chicks caused by incompatibility of feed ingredients. PMID- 3447457 TI - Influence of the body condition, body mass change and different levels of energy intake on the postpartal ovarian activity of beef cows. PMID- 3447458 TI - A direct radioimmunoassay of progesterone in bovine serum and milk. PMID- 3447459 TI - Monitoring the reproduction of cows by direct radioimmunoassay of progesterone in serum and milk. PMID- 3447460 TI - Study of the relationship between milk progesterone profiles measured at the time of insemination and conception rate. PMID- 3447461 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone for detecting inseminated but non conceived and non-return cows. PMID- 3447462 TI - Studies on the efficacy of Getroxel against Treponema hyodysenteriae and its role in the control of swine dysentery. PMID- 3447463 TI - Isolation of Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus ovis strains from aborted ovine fetuses in Hungary. PMID- 3447464 TI - Purulent epididymitis in a sucking lamb caused by Pasteurella haemolytica. PMID- 3447465 TI - Bone morphometry and function: a comparison between cattle and European elk. PMID- 3447466 TI - Colostral beta-carotene and immunoglobulin G levels of cows in the early postpartum period. PMID- 3447467 TI - Morphology of the pig cornea in normal conditions and after incubation in a perfusion apparatus. PMID- 3447468 TI - The effect of combined iron-selenium treatment on erythropoiesis and weight gain of piglets. PMID- 3447469 TI - Fat infiltration in the liver of Finnish Ayrshire cows during early lactation. PMID- 3447470 TI - The effect of mild fat infiltration in the liver on the fertility of Finnish Ayrshire cows. PMID- 3447471 TI - Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in moose (Alces alces). Prevalence and pathological changes in relation to age and season. PMID- 3447472 TI - Experimental Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in moose (Alces alces). PMID- 3447473 TI - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in porcine milk. PMID- 3447474 TI - A complex three breakpoint translocation in the domestic pig. PMID- 3447475 TI - The interaction of cadmium and selenium in horse kidney cortex in relation to histopathological changes. PMID- 3447476 TI - The prevalence and level of colonisation by Mycoplasma dispar and other mycoplasmas on calf rearing farms. PMID- 3447478 TI - Transmission of Mycoplasma dispar among calves collected and reared for beef production. PMID- 3447477 TI - Transmissibility of Mycoplasma dispar under experimental conditions. PMID- 3447479 TI - Whole milk progesterone analysis used for pregnancy diagnosis in beef cattle. PMID- 3447481 TI - Ambulatory rehydration: endotoxins in farm water. PMID- 3447480 TI - The use of neuroleptanaesthesia for experimental orthopaedic surgery in the rabbit. PMID- 3447482 TI - [Methohexital for cesarean section. Trial for an early induction; comparison with a classical technic using thiopental]. PMID- 3447483 TI - [Clinical use of methohexital in orthopedic surgery. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 3447485 TI - [Etomidate for the anesthesia of elderly patients in orthopedic surgery (apropos of 15 cases)]. PMID- 3447484 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of methohexital administered rectally in pediatric anesthesia]. PMID- 3447486 TI - [Technic and value of continuous light-flow hemofiltration for water-sodium removal]. PMID- 3447488 TI - [Value of continuous monitoring of transconjunctival oxygen pressure during carotid surgery]. PMID- 3447487 TI - [Transcutaneous oximetry and normovolemic hemodilution in spinal surgery. Choice of a plasma substitute]. PMID- 3447489 TI - [New methods of extrarenal filtration in children: continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration]. PMID- 3447490 TI - [Treatment of hypertensive crises in childhood]. PMID- 3447492 TI - [IgA nephropathy in childhood]. AB - We review our experience on IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease), defined as the IgA mesangial deposit in the absence of systemic disease. Following these criteria ten patients have been diagnosed which amount to 10% of all biopsied glomerulonephritis in our centre during 1977-1985. These ten patients have been controlled for periods of time ranging from 4 months to 7 years (means = 3 years). After that time, 2 patients have chronic renal failure, in contrast with other pediatric series in which the prognosis is less severe. PMID- 3447491 TI - [Chromosome anomalies found in a cytogenetic study of 750 healthy newborn infants]. AB - Cytogenetic studies on newborn infants show a high incidence in chromosomal abnormalities (0.5-1% of the population). Chromosomal study is carried out on 750 children from the University Hospital of Valencia over a two-year period, chosen at random and without any clinical pathology. Five gonosomopathies and three autosomopathies were found. In the former, three 47,XXY, one triple-X, and one isochromosome of long arms of chromosome X, were detected. In autosomal chromosomopathies, a Robertsonian translocation was seen between chromosomes 13 and 14, a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 10, and an inversion of chromosome 3. Altogether eight cytogenetic anomalies appeared, a percentage slightly over one percent. Importance of early diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities is discussed, with the aim of establishing adequate treatment when possible, and genetic counselling for the family. PMID- 3447493 TI - [Newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Clinical study in the period 1980-1985]. AB - An statistical analysis is reported on specific problems of the infant of diabetic mother during the period 1980-1985, with a total of 287 newborns. Complications in this sample are exposed, and significant differences demonstrated in gestational age, fetal distress, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome and associated problems according to clinical type of diabetes mellitus. High percentage of congenital malformations is pointed-out with a predominance of cardiac septal defects. Diabetological control was closer in insulin-dependent group, therefore, its effect has been studied separately. A lower rate of hypoglycemia was found in those under control, while infant of insulin-dependent diabetic mother showed a better compliance between weight and gestational age and a lower rate of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3447495 TI - [Non-specific triggering factors in 197 non-pollenogenic asthmatics with an unfavorable outcome]. AB - One hundred and ninety seven, non-pollenic, asthmatic patients showing asthma or other respiratory allergic symptoms 5 years after the date of the diagnosis, were studied. Several non-specific trigger factors which could be the cause of the inadequate outcome were investigated. In 93 cases (47%) had respiratory infections previous to asthmatic crisis; in 66 (33%) had home or climatic changes; in 54 (27%) there was impairment subsequent to physical exercise and 13 (7%) had irritants factors at home. Other interesting epidemiological data were the male sex (69%) and the allergic familial antecedents (55%). Among the 197 patients 53 were secondarily sensibilized to pollen during the 5 years follow-up, 20 did it to foods and 14 to danders. Children sensibilized to foods and epithelia allergens had a similar behaviour to the general group. Patients secondarily sensibilized to pollen showed differences: Respiratory infections and physical exercise climatic changes were more frequent. They also had a more lasting natural lactation. PMID- 3447494 TI - [Limitation in articular movement in diabetic children]. AB - The presence of limited movement articular (LMA) was examined in 58 insulin dependent diabetic children 38 boys and 20 girls in a range of 1 to 18 years. The children were ill during a mean of 4 years and 7 months +/- 3 years and nine months. The MAL was present in 36.2% of diabetic children versus 2.08% in the control group (96 healthy children). The presence of MAL has a statistically significant correlation with: age (9 years or more) (p less than 0.01); poor metabolic control (specially in severe forms) (p less than 0.001) and retinopathy (p less than 0.02). The examination of LMA is very useful for the early diagnosis of retinopathy in high risk patients because of the very frequent association of both complications of diabetes. PMID- 3447496 TI - [Vitamin E deficiency in cystic fibrosis]. AB - Plasma vitamin E levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in 42 children with cystic fibrosis and were correlated with the following parameters: sex, age, time of follow-up, clinical evolution (Schwachman score), vitamin E/cholesterol and faecal fat excretion. All children in this study received oral alfa-tocoferol (50-100 mg daily) from the diagnosis. According to the vitamin E level patients were distributed in two groups. Group I: 27 patients (64.3%) with normal concentrations. Group II: 15 patients (35.7%) with decreases plasma levels but without clinical manifestations. Steatorrhea was present in all children except 4 patients from group I and one patient from group II. On the other hand, vitamin E/cholesterol was normal in 80% of patients with vitamin E deficiency (group II). We did not find any correlation between plasma vitamin E levels and the different clinical and biological parameters studied. Further studies should be carried out to throw more light on the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of vitamin E deficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3447497 TI - [Prune belly syndrome. Etiopathogenic considerations in 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of prune belly syndrome of 19, 24, and 32 weeks of gestational age, and 14 days of postnatal life are described. All of them show urethral atresia, muscle defects of abdominal wall and undescended testes. Analysis of these four cases at different developmental stages brings authors to approach etiopathogenic basis of this syndrome. PMID- 3447498 TI - [Arginase deficiency, congenital hypothyroidism and hepatic fibrosis]. AB - A new case of arginase deficiency in a newborn is reported. In contrast with previous cases, this infant showed severe protein intolerance of early onset. Diagnosis was based on the assay of urea cycle enzymes in a postmortem liver sample and on arginase activity in erythrocytes of parents and sister of the patient. "Pedigree" shows that arginase deficiency in this family presents a dramatic course. Congenital hypothyroidism with athyreosis, moderate hepatic fibrosis and megamitochondria are present in the same subject. Possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed. PMID- 3447500 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome and epiphyseal calcification. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3447499 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as a cause of intussusception in children]. AB - From 1972 to 1985, a total of 35 children with histological diagnosis of non Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated. A previously undiagnosed abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma produced intussusception in three of these children between 5 and 10 years of age. Our experience indicates that any child around 6 years of age with abdominal pain, bloody stools and a palpable mass plus radiographic evidence of intussusception should be considered to have an intestinal wall lymphoma until proven otherwise. Inadequate surgical treatment may result from failure to recognize relationship between intussusception and lymphoma in older child. PMID- 3447501 TI - [Pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 and deletion of the short arm of 5 in mosaicism]. PMID- 3447502 TI - [Unusual manifestation of infection by respiratory syncytial virus]. PMID- 3447503 TI - [Presacral localization of a malignant teratoma]. PMID- 3447504 TI - [Clebopride and the extrapyramidal syndrome]. PMID- 3447506 TI - Psychology and educational policy. PMID- 3447505 TI - [Pesticides in human milk]. PMID- 3447507 TI - Relationships between cercarial indices of Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and S. curassoni from Senegal and the isoenzyme genotypes of the adult worms. AB - S. haematobium and S. curassoni appear to consist of three and two G6PDH genotypes respectively whereas only a single genotype has been observed in S. bovis. This genotype corresponds to one of those exhibited by S. curassoni, but the two species may be distinguished using the AcP enzyme system. The antero dorsal cercarial indices for S. haematobium gave a mean of 0.78 ranging from 0.67 +/- 0.03 to 0.90 +/- 0.11; S. curassoni gave a mean of 1.11, ranging from 1.00 +/ 0.05 to 1.23 +/- 0.14 and S. bovis a mean of 1.30 within the range 1.01 +/- 0.25 to 1.67 +/- 0.18. From these data it is apparent that there is some correlation between antero-dorsal Cl and enzyme genotype: nevertheless the variation in Cl is somewhat greater than that observed in enzyme genotypes. Generally, Cl values lower than 0.90 can be considered to be due to S. haematobium, those above 1.15 to be S. bovis and intermediate values of 0.90-1.15 indicate S. curassoni. PMID- 3447508 TI - [Morphology of the teguments of Schistosoma haematobium; comparison with S. curassoni, S. bovis and S. intercalatum]. AB - Study by SEM of the anterior dorsal teguments of male Schistosoma haematobium from infected rodents. Only paired males, at least hundred days post infection, display a typical morphology. Differentiation from other closely related species obtained experimentally from rodents is possible: bovis: no spines on the tubercles; haematobium: tubercles 10 to 15 microns wide with closely packed spines; curassoni: tubercles over 15 microns wide, with large, closely packed spines; intercalatum: tubercles under 10 microns wide, with scattered spines. It is suggested that the three haematobium genotypes A, B and D are slightly different: A: pointed spines, numerous small additional spines between the tubercles; B: pointed spines, no small additional spines between the tubercles; D: blunt spines. Moreover, the lengths of the prepatent periods in the molluscs of the three S. haematobium genotypes are possibly different: A 72-86 days, B 38 46 days, D 55-58 days. The differentiation of A, B and D is supported by limited data and conclusions on this particular aspect are presented only as a working hypothesis. PMID- 3447509 TI - [Morphology of the teguments of Schistosoma bovis; variations linked to the vertebrate host; comparison with S. curassoni]. AB - S. E. M. study of the dorsal anterior one third of male Schistosoma bovis and of the anterior ventral border of the gynaecophoric duct. S. bovis was previously described as possessing spineless tubercles. This is so in specimens obtained from experimentally infected rodents, but in cattle, on the contrary, when conditions are favourable, teguments have spiny tubercles. Two morphological types have been observed: the first in Bos taurus from Sardinia, the second in domestic (Bos indicus) and wild (Hippotragus equinus and Damaliscus korrigum) bovids from Senegal, Tchad and Centrafrican Republic. PMID- 3447510 TI - [Original adaptive characters of intestinal Digenea of Sarpa salpa (Teleostei, Sparidae) and their interpretation in terms of evolution]. AB - In the family Sparidae, the genus Sarpa is distinguished by a few characteristics: monospecificity, vegetarian diet and wide geographical distribution. The helminth fauna of Sarpa salpa is also very original. Indeed, the digenean parasites of this Teleostean fish are essentially classified into two families restricted to this fish. In the present paper, the author redescribes Mesometra orbicularis, M. brachycoelia, Centroderma spinosissima, Elstia stossichianum, Wardula capitellata (family Mesometridae) together with Robphildollfusium fractum (family Robphildollfusidae). Various original and yet unknown features are pointed out. Among these unusual structures, several correspond to adaptive characteristics favouring the settlement of the Digenean on the peculiar digestive gut wall of this herbivorous fish. Indeed, the intestinal mucous membrane of Sarpa salpa exhibits very few villi giving it an unusual smooth aspect. Therefore, the Mesometridae which always have just a single sucker (monostomatous) have selected a new kind of compensatory adhesive structure. Sometimes, the anterior end of the body becomes a sucker due to the particular distribution of the muscle strings; in other examples, the whole body becomes a sucker and its edges become considerably thinner to improve the tightness of the adhesive system. Other original anatomical features have been selected to allow survival in a medium rich in plant detritus. So, in the oral sucker crests ornemented by numerous sclerous denticles seem to act as a microfilter for the intestinal chyme in which plant fibres predominate. The original pharynx seems to act as a suction-force pump. The excretory system, which is of a reticular type, penetrates the whole parenchyma and this could be a response to huge intestinal fermentations. The Digenea of Sarpa salpa are not interpreted by the author as true parasites but as endocommensal symbionts. These inquiline species are not immunogenic, or at least only slightly so, since they do not feed upon the host itself but upon its intestinal chyme. In most cases this results in a high parasite density (post larvae and adults) together with a cohabitation of the various species along the various intestinal segments. Coexistence of several species, systematically very close, evidently raises the question of their reproductive isolation. The author proposes an answer founded upon data of allopatric speciation. PMID- 3447511 TI - [Two trichostrongyloid nematodes parasitic in an African murid. III. Physiologic duality of infective larvae; as correlated with seasonal rhythms]. AB - The third stage (the infective stage) of both species, Neoheligmonella dossoi and N. tranieri, appears simultaneously in the coprocultures in two different forms: sheathed larvae and exsheathed larvae. The exsheathed larvae show a much higher infection rate than the sheathed ones, but the last ones could exsheathed under some conditions. These larvae are called: "larvae exsheathed by aging". The percentage of exsheathed larvae is higher from April to October, this period corresponding to the rainy season on the Ivory Coast. Considering the host biological characteristics (sedentary, isolated, humid burrows) and the fact that the infection lasts 2 to 4 months, the transmission of the two Trichostrongylid species seems particularly well adapted to local conditions. Transmission appears to follow two infestation strategies, depending on the season: --A "rainy season strategy" characterized by an important initial production of larvae of which a great number are exsheathed larvae, with strong infective potential. --A "dry season strategy" characterized by sheathed larvae, produced more regularly, having a weaker infective potential, and able to exsheathe progressively. PMID- 3447512 TI - The hypervariable gene locus PUM, which codes for the tumour associated epithelial mucins, is located on chromosome 1, within the region 1q21-24. AB - A single hypervariable autosomal gene locus, PUM, codes for a family of mucin type glycoproteins present in human urine, and in several other normal and malignant tissues of epithelial origin. These mucins can be detected after electrophoresis using a series of monoclonal antibodies that show a pronounced tumour specificity on immunohistochemistry. Using a recently cloned cDNA, pMUC10, coding for the core protein of the PUM coded mucins, to probe DNA isolated from a series of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids, we have assigned the PUM locus to chromosome 1. This assignment was confirmed by in situ hybridization of pMUC10 to lymphocyte metaphase chromosomes and the gene was shown to be located within the region 1q21-24. PMID- 3447514 TI - Frequency and distribution of rare electrophoretic mobility variants in a population of human newborns in Ann Arbor, Michigan. AB - We have summarized the frequency and distribution of the rare variants encountered during the screening of 258,815 allele products, the products of 51 different loci, in 3242 predominantly Caucasian (88%) newborns. Seventy-nine different rare variants, representing 187 occurrences, were identified. Almost 60% (46 of 79) of the rare variants occurred as singletons while another 20% were seen in two unrelated individuals. No rare variants were detected at 18 loci while no variants, either rare or polymorphic, were detected at 14 loci. More rare variants were identified at loci that were classified as polymorphic and also at loci where the gene products exist as a monomer. A positive relationship was observed between variant frequency, either classes or copies, and subunit molecular mass. PMID- 3447513 TI - Family and population studies of SAHH and ADA polymorphisms. A possible pitfall in the ascertainment of SAHH electrophoretic phenotypes. AB - Typing of both SAHH and ADA red cell electrophoretic patterns was carried out among the members of about 80 families from Latium (Central Italy) and in a random sample of about 350 individuals from two Italian regions, Latium and Sardinia. 1. The SAHH1 enzyme product provided another interesting example of a change in the electrophoretic pattern brought about by the haemolysate ageing. In vitro storage of SAHH 1 red cell lysates leads to the production of a pattern similar to that expected from a heterozygote SAHH 2-1. This change has been shown to be abolished by pretreating the sample with mercaptoethanol. The results indicate that the systematic use of sulphydril reducing agents can provide a more reliable means of analysing the SAHH polymorphism if differently stored samples are to be compared by starch gel electrophoresis. 2. Evidence against complete linkage of the SAHH and ADA loci has been obtained from two informative SAHH/ADA matings encountered in this study. 3. The SAHH allele frequencies observed in the two samples analysed were: SAHH1 = 0.969, SAHH2 = 0.024, SAHH3 = 0.007 (Latium) and SAHH1 = 0.973, SAHH2 = 0.011, SAHH3 = 0.016 (Sardinia). 4. The ADA2 allele frequency estimates were: 0.083 (Latium) and 0.059 (Sardinia). These figures are almost identical to those already reported for the same two regions. PMID- 3447515 TI - Breakpoint distribution in constitutional chromosome rearrangements with respect to fragile sites. AB - In an attempt to investigate possible relationships between fragile site bands and chromosome abnormalities, we have analysed the distribution of 6391 breakpoints found in constitutional rearrangements. Were relative band lengths to be ignored, a general trend for breaks to be located in fragile site bands would be confirmed. On the other hand, no difference was detected between bands with or without fragile sites if the probability of breakage for each single band is assumed to be proportional to its length. Nevertheless, a number of bands with a great excess of breakage events were identified. PMID- 3447516 TI - Biological performance in beta-thal heterozygotes and normals: results of a longitudinal comparison in a former malarial environment. AB - Families of beta-thal heterozygotes and of normals studied in 1956 by Silvestroni and Bianco in the small town of Berra near Ferrara were studied again in 1981-85. It was possible to compare mortality, fertility, and migration, in the two groups of heterozygotes and normals after the lapse of one generation. At the power of resolution of the sample available and of the methods used, no difference was visible. However, it was possible to establish the upper limits of the differences in average age at death and in average fertility at the 5% level of significance. PMID- 3447517 TI - Citation analysis in the field of tropical medicine. PMID- 3447518 TI - [Antirabies vaccination]. PMID- 3447519 TI - [Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia: study of the disease reservoir in the Douara area]. PMID- 3447520 TI - [The malacological situation in Kinshasa and description of an aotochthonous focus of schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma intercalatum]. PMID- 3447521 TI - Opisthorchiasis in Kuwait: first report of infections in Thai migrant workers in the Arabian Gulf. PMID- 3447522 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs in Kinshasa, Zaire. PMID- 3447523 TI - [Anopheles in Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 3447524 TI - [Spondylodiscitis in Zaire subjects]. PMID- 3447525 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. III. Conversion of methoxy- and phenyl substituted alpha-carbolines to corresponding alpha-iso-carbolines by Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - Microbial N-1 methylation of alpha-carboline derivatives substituted at position C-2, C-6 and C-8 with methoxy- and at position C-2 and C-6 with phenyl groups conducted with Kitasatosporia setae resulted in corresponding alpha-iso-carboline formation. The yield of obtained products is significantly dependent on the position of substituent in alpha-carboline molecule. Compounds, as 2- and 6 methoxy-alpha-carboline undergo N-1 microbial methylation with strikingly low yields of 5%, whereas products of biotransformation of 8-methoxy-alpha-carboline was formed in markedly higher amount, about 50%. Similar correlations were observed for subjected to bioconversion C-2 and C-6 phenyl-alpha-carbolines. The yields of formed products were estimated as 3% and 5%, respectively. All obtained alpha-iso-carbolines were found to be toxic to the transforming strain of Kitasatosporia setae at the range of 1.2-2.5 microM/ml as well as against KB tumor culture cells (ID50 0.04-0.6 microM/ml). PMID- 3447526 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. IV. Conversion of chloro-substituted alpha-carbolines by Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - Biotransformation of alpha-carboline derivatives substituted at positions C-5, C 6, C-7 and C-8 with chlorine, carried out with Kitasatosporia setae strain yielded corresponding 1-methyl-alpha-iso-carbolines. The formation of products is dependent on the position of chlorine in substrate molecule. When chlorine is introduced at C-6, the yield of N-1 methylation is low, about 5%. Derivatives of alpha-carboline substituted with chlorine at C-7 and C-8 form corresponding alpha iso-carbolines with yield up to 20% and 30%, respectively, whereas 5-chloro-alpha carboline is converted into 5-chloro-1-methyl-alpha-iso-carboline with 60% yield. Apparently, additional pathway of microbial transformation of 2-chloro-alpha carboline has been found. Primarily formed 2-chloro-1-methyl-alpha-iso-carboline subjected to complex enzymic conversion yields quantitatively 2-methoxy-1-methyl alpha-iso-carboline-9-N-oxide. It has been found that 2-chloro-1-methyl-alpha-iso carboline exhibit strong cytotoxic activity, against KB cells tissue culture, ID50 = 0.01 microM/ml and inhibits growth of Kitasatosporia setae strain, MIC = 0.5 microM/ml. Toxicity of formed 2-methoxy-1-methyl-alpha-iso-carboline-N-9 oxide is markedly lower, ID50 = 0.3 microM/ml and MIC = 3.5 microM/ml. The remaining C-5, C-6, C-7 and C-8 chloroderivatives of alpha-iso-carboline occur to be less active than 2-chloro-1-methyl-alpha-iso-carboline. PMID- 3447527 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. V. Studies on N-1 methylation of 4 methyl-alpha-carboline by Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - N-1 methylation of an azacarbazole, 4-methyl-alpha-carboline by Kitasatosporia setae was associated with antifungal metabolite production. Incubation of 4 methyl-alpha-carboline with intact cells or homogenates of Kitasatosporia setae and L-/14CH3/-methionine or adenosyl-S-/14CH3/-L-methionine yielded radioactive products, 1,4-dimethyl-alpha-iso-carboline. The presence of 14C-labelled methyl groups in antifungal metabolite has been also observed. Mutants of Kitasatosporia setae with lost abilities to produce antifungal metabolite did not convert 4 methyl-alpha-carboline into its methyl derivative. PMID- 3447528 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. VI. Conversion of 6-hydroxy- and 6 amino-alpha-carbolines with copper oxidases. AB - alpha-Carboline substituted at C-6 with hydroxy-group is oxidized by human ceruloplasmin and fungal laccase into reactive intermediate which dimerizes, while 6-amino-alpha-carboline subjected to action of both enzymes yields the polymeric products. To prepare sufficient quantities of compounds needed for structure elucidation studies, laccase, immobilised in polyacrylamide gel was employed as a convenient reagent. The resulting products are suggested to be metabolities of 6-hydroxy- and 6-amino-alpha-carbolines formed in vivo. PMID- 3447530 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. VIII. Production of 14C-labelled benzo alpha-iso-carbolines by permeabilized cells of Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - N-1 methylation of benzo-alpha-carbolines performed with Kitasatosporia setae strain yields corresponding benzo-alpha-iso-carbolines, compounds demonstrating relatively strong cytostatic and antitumor properties. To obtain radioactive benzo-alpha-iso-carbolines required for the further studies of their mode of antitumor action, a simple and useful method of the preparation of 14C-labelled compounds by microbial means has been elaborated. PMID- 3447529 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. VII. Antitumor properties of benzo alpha-iso-carbolines formed by Kitasatosporia setae strain from corresponding benzo-alpha-carbolines. AB - 2,3-Benzo-alpha-carboline, 7,8-benzo-alpha-carboline and their 4-methyl derivatives were subjected to microbial conversion yielding corresponding benzo alpha-iso-carbolines. All obtained products showed significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. ID50 values were found to be at range 0.01-0.001 microM/ml, regarding in vitro KB tumor cells system data. It has been found that introduction of methyl group at para-position to the nitrogen of pyridine nucleus strongly increases cytotoxic and microbial activity of benzo-alpha-iso carbolines. Apparently it has been indicated that antitumor activity of benzo alpha-iso-carbolines is strongly dependent on shape and size of the molecule. Of all the compounds tested only 2,3-benzo-1,4-dimethyl-alpha-iso-carboline increases life span of leukemia P388 bearing mice up to 160%. PMID- 3447531 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. IX. Preliminary studies on hydroxylation of 2,3-benzo-1,4-dimethyl-alpha-iso-carboline by Paecilomyces flavinosus. AB - Microbial transformation of 2,3-benzo-1,4-dimethyl-alpha-iso-carboline performed with several strains of fungi Beauveria bassiana, Verticillum lecani and Paecilomyces flavinosus yielded common products which were expected to be hydroxylated derivatives of starting compound. Among the microorganisms tested, strain Paecilomyces flavinosus P-5 was selected to perform quantitative bioconversion of 2,3-benzo-1,4-dimethyl-alpha-iso-carboline for preparative scale. PMID- 3447532 TI - Transperitoneal transport of methotrexate in vitro. AB - The study presents estimation of bidirectional transport of methotrexate (MTX) across rabbit's parietal peritoneum in vitro. The experiments were done under iso and hyperosmotic conditions. In the former case the amount of MTX transported transperitoneally from vascular to mesothelial side of the membrane was higher than that transferred to opposite direction, the values of the transport to both directions were observed to decrease with time. Change of the medium from isoosmolarity to hyperosmolarity resulted in diminished transport from the vascular to mesothelial side of the membrane, as compared to the control. With a stabilization of the transport to opposite direction, the resultant net transport approached zero. Analysis of the obtained results revealed more complicated nature of the mechanism of MTX transport across peritoneal membrane than that of a simple diffusion. PMID- 3447533 TI - Bacteriophage treatment of suppurative skin infections. AB - The study material comprised 31 patients with chronic suppurative infections of the skin caused by Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Escherichia. Within 2-16 weeks of the treatment, an improvement of the general state was observed as well as suppression of the local inflammation, purification of a wound from the suppurative and necrotic content, faster healing of the ulcers and fully negative results of the bacteriologic tests. In 16 cases, an outstanding therapeutic effect was obtained, in 7 cases marked improvement was reported and in 2 a transitory improvement was reported. In 7 patients the treatment was abandoned due to the lack of improvement (1 case) or development of side effects (6 cases). The results obtained provide evidence for the high effectiveness of phage therapy in the treatment of suppurative skin infections. PMID- 3447534 TI - Effect of hydrazide cysteine on the humoral immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes. AB - Hydrazide of cysteine, introduced intraperitoneally or per os in three doses for three consecutive days after immunization of mice with SRBC, caused a stimulation or an inhibition of the humoral immune response, determined on day 4 as a number of cells in the spleen producing antibodies of 19S and 7S class. The stimulation of the humoral immune response was induced by the dose of 100 micrograms per mouse and was more significant in the case of the 7S response. High doses of HD, on the other hand (1 mg per mouse i.p. and 1-5 mg per mouse per os) caused an inhibition of the humoral immune response which was more pronounced in the case of the secondary immune response. The mechanism of action of HD in the course of the immune response and its possible application in therapy is discussed. PMID- 3447535 TI - Comparative anti-influenza vaccination of some groups of the population with vaccines differing in virus purification level. AB - A total of 1215 persons, divided into 4 groups, were immunized with influenza vaccines A (highly purified, whole-virion), B (subunit, containing H and M), and C (conventional, commercial partly purified by Sharplers centrifugation). Post vaccination reactions were followed, and serological tests (HI and NI) were performed with serum specimens taken from each vaccine 4 times during and after the vaccination period. The results point to clear superiority of purified and subunit vaccines over the conventional one. PMID- 3447537 TI - Antineoplastic activity of new linear hydrazine derivatives. AB - A series of hydrazine derivatives was tested for antineoplastic activity. Cyanoacetic acid hydrazide (I), cyanoacetic acid methylhydrazide (II) and N thioamido-N'-cyano-acethylhydrazine (VI) appeared to be the most active agents against sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma. The maximum tumor weight inhibition ranged from 70 to 90%. N, N'-bis-cyano-acethylhydrazine (IV) and N-isonicotinoyl-hydrazine (VIII) showed significant antitumor activity in Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma systems. None of hydrazine derivatives were active against L1210 leukemia. The most active agents, I, II and VI were further evaluated in leukemia P388, melanoma B16, Lewis lung carcinoma and mammary carcinoma 16/C, and the agent VI was additionally tested in plasmacytoma MP26, colon carcinoma 26 abd Walker carcinosarcoma 256 systems. However, there was no effect with any agent or dose tested against any neoplasm. PMID- 3447536 TI - Antineoplastic activity of azacarbazoles. II. Effect of alpha-carboline and its derivatives on transplantable animal neoplasms. AB - The antineoplastic properties of alpha-carboline, alpha-carboline hydrochloride, alpha-carboline N-1 methyl iodide and c-6 substituted fluoro-, chloro, nitro- and phenyl-alpha-carboline were studied. None of the compounds proved to be active when tested against i.p. transplanted B16 melanoma or i.m. implanted Lewis lung carcinoma. In addition, alpha-carboline was assessed against i.p. inoculated plasmacytoma MP26 and colon carcinoma 26, and solid tumors of mammary carcinoma 16/C and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Under conditions tested these neoplasms did not respond to alpha-carboline. PMID- 3447538 TI - Kitasatosporia setae, an interesting actinomycete strain isolated from Spitsbergen soil. AB - The phenotypic and genotypic properties as well as cell chemistry of an interesting actinomycete, which converted certain azacarbazoles into highly cytotoxic derivatives, were established. The strain was also compared with two similar Japanese actinomycetes of Kitasatosporia gen. nov. A great resemblance between the strains was observed. Apart from similar phenotypic properties they were characterized by contents of both L- and meso-DAP, glycine and galactose as the main cell wall components. They proved to have the same phospholipid, glycolipid and fatty acid patterns. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of the strains averaged 72.5 and there was a high degree of homology between the DNAs of the strains (approximately 80%). These data provide evidence that the Spitsbergen isolate and the Japanese actinomycetes belong to one genomic species. PMID- 3447539 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. I. N-methylation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-carbolines by Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - Microbial transformation of selected azacarbazoles, compounds noted for their activity as antitumor agents, conducted with Kitasatosporia setae strain resulted in N-methylation of pyridine nucleus of alpha-, beta- and gamma-carboline molecule. Formed quaternized intermediates were converted in alkaline conditions into corresponding iso-carbolines. The structure of the final products, alpha-, beta- and gamma-iso-carbolines have been established on the basis of spectral data and confirmed by chemical synthesis. PMID- 3447541 TI - [37th meeting of the Japanese Society of Allergology. 7-9 October 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3447540 TI - Microbial transformation of azacarbazoles. II. Conversion of methyl-substituted alpha-carbolines to corresponding alpha-iso-carbolines by Kitasatosporia setae strain. AB - alpha-Carboline derivatives substituted with methyl groups at C-2, C-4, C-2,4, C 6 and C-8 position were subjected to N-1 methylation performed by Kitasatosporia setae. The yield of formed corresponding alpha-iso-carbolines varied, depending on the position of methyl substituent. It has been observed that the methyl group introduced in position C-2 and C-6 of alpha-carboline molecule markedly diminishes the susceptibility of nitrogen for enzymic attack in comparison with methylation reaction performed with methyl iodide. On the contrary, derivatives possessing methyl groups in positions C-4 and C-8 are methylated by chemical and microbial means with approximately the same yield. The obtained alpha-iso carbolines appeared to be toxic to the transforming Kitasatosporia setae strain at the concentration range of 0.2-2.5 microM/ml. Taking into account that the MIC values of parent alpha-carbolines estimated for Kitasatosporia setae were much higher than 2.5 microM/ml, this finding seems to be out of the accordance with the general belief that the microbial conversion of xenobiotics is only a detoxification process. Apparently, 4-methyl and 2 -dimethyl substituted alpha iso-carbolines besides of their antimicrobial properties, displayed strong cytotoxic activity against KB cells line at the concentration range 0.03-0.05 microM/ml. PMID- 3447542 TI - [Ultrastructure of the epimyocardium and myocardium in early embryos of white rats]. AB - The atrial walls in 10-13-day-old white rat embryos have been studied electron microscopically. The epimyocardium consists of 1-2 rows of cells and has an epitheliomorphic structure. At first the basal membrane is formed on the endocardial surface of cardiomyocytes; intercellular contacts in the lateral parts of the cells possess endo-epicardial polarity. The epicardial layer is formed on the 11th day of the prenatal development, the basal membrane begins to form at the same time on the epicardial surface of cardiomyocytes. Dynamics of differentiation of some cardiomyocytic organelles in cardiomyocytes is described. PMID- 3447543 TI - [Individual variability of the projection line of the common carotid artery]. AB - The investigation has been performed on 87 corpses of persons of both sex, that died after 60 years of age from the pathology not connected with any diseases in the neck organs. Individual variability in the common carotid artery projection line has been revealed; it conforms, to a certain extent, with the value of the neck index. When the neck is short and thick, the artery position corresponds to the line that runs across the following points: the superior--0.5 cm forward from the mandibular angle, the inferior--0.5 cm medially from the sternoclavicular joint. When the neck index is within the limits 1.71-1.88, it is expedient to draw the classical projection line. When the neck index is within the limits 1.57 1.69, it is possible to determine the projection zone as an elongated rectangle. At the bottom of every side the border of this zone is a straight line drawn between the sternoclavicular joint and the point situating 0.6 cm laterally from the joint, and at the top--the line connecting the top of the mastoid process with the point 1.0 cm behind the mandibular angle. PMID- 3447544 TI - [Mechanism of the regulation of microvascular vasoconstriction and vasodilation]. AB - Basing on double reciprocal innervation and regulation with its cholinergic (parasympathetic part) and adrenergic components, mechanisms of vasoconstriction and vasodilation of microvessels are considered. The latter are presented as a multicontour system, including the central adrenergic contour, two terminal contours, in the form of terminal arcs of cholinergic and adrenergic type, two neurohormonal contours also of cholinergic and adrenergic type, passing through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal complex. PMID- 3447545 TI - [Changes in the microcirculatory bed of the uterus and its regional lymph nodes during pregnancy]. AB - In pregnant Wistar rats an essential rearrangement of the uterine blood-lymph circulatory bed has been revealed. It is possible that at the beginning of pregnancy it occurs for the change of the histiotrophic nutrition of the embryo into the hemotrophic one under effect of the trophoblast. Later on, when hemochorial relations between the mother and the fetus have been established, the continuous growth of the volumetric density and diameter of the vessels of the uterine microcirculatory bed can be connected with the intensive growth of the fetus and the extension of the yolk and allantois circulation reservoir. During these periods of pregnancy the mass of the placental labyrinth is doubled and vascularization of the extraembryonic organs increases. The circulatory changes occurring in the uterine placental zone get their reflection in the uterine regional lymph nodes. The investigation of the ultrastructural organization of endotheliocytes in the blood capillaries of the rat iliac lymph nodes during pregnancy reveals a complex of adaptive-structural rearrangements in them, first of all enlargement of the lumen in the arterial and venous parts of the capillaries, increasing fenestration of the arterial and venous parts of the capillaries, enhancing formation of micropinocytic vesicles and transendothelial canals. Thus, the complex of adaptive-compensatory rearrangements and interconnected, integrated reaction of the uterine microcirculatory bed with the analogous system of its regional iliac lymph nodes is revealed. PMID- 3447546 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the vascular endothelium in the common leech (Clepsina complanta)]. AB - The electron microscopic investigation has revealed in the body of the leech two types of vessels, that together with common signs possess a number of peculiarities in composition of endothelial cells. These vessels have different level of organization: the vessels of the first type, concerning the parenchyma of the leech, are nutritive, and the vessels of the second type combine capacitance and transport functions and are the place of hemolymph renovation at the expense of an active metabolic and synthetic activity of the endothelial cells. A fact is stated concerning a specific position of mitochondria in the endotheliocytes of the second type vessels: from the vessel's lumen they are not covered with plasmolemma along their whole extent and come into an immediate contact with hemolymph. Therefore, a hypothesis is suggested on functional activity of the endothelial cell mitochondria in the second type vessels. Presumptive differentiation of the two major vessels of the leech body makes it possible to suppose that there exist functional predecessors of the vessels of branchial and pulmonary type, that is vessels of lesser and greater circulation. PMID- 3447547 TI - [Homotopic transplantation of embryonic neocortical tissue into the brain of adult rats after its damage]. AB - Structural characteristics (survival, growth, connections) have been studied in the transplant of the cerebral cortex tissue in Wistar rat embryos (18-day-old), implanted into the brain of mature rats of the same line at various time after a partial lesion of the sensomotor cortex. In 3-5 months after transplantation the light microscopy methods demonstrate that spatial interconnections of the transplant and the injured brain of the recipient depend on time interval between the cerebral lesion and transplantation of the embryonal nervous tissue. Horseradish peroxidase (HP) is ionophoretically injected into the recipient's cerebral tissue away from the place of transplantation. In the transplant retrogradely labelled HP neurons are revealed. This demonstrates efferent connections of the implanted tissue with the host's brain. Presence of the anterogradely labelled nervous terminals in the transplant tissue demonstrates existence of afferent connections of the transplant with the recipient's tissue. Possible mechanisms of survival, growth and formation of connections of the transplant in the injured brain of the mature animal are discussed. PMID- 3447548 TI - [Tissue changes in the intervertebral disk following hypokinesia in rats of different ages]. AB - Effect of various duration of hypokinesia on structural-metabolic characteristics of the lumbar vertebral segment has been studied in Wistar rats. Hypokinesia results in certain morphological changes of the spongy bone and tissues of the intervertebral disk, demonstrating as delayed processes of ossification, disturbed course of organization into bundles of collagenous fibers of the fibrous ring, widening of the nucleus pulposus zone. Polarization-optical investigations reveal some disturbances in the macro-molecular organization of collagen, expressed as decreasing degree of its refraction and as redistribution of glycosaminoglycans towards increasing sulfated keratan sulfates. PMID- 3447549 TI - [Adipocytes and reticular cells of the bone marrow stroma in the human iliac bone]. AB - The results of the histological and electron microscopic investigation of adipose and reticular cells and their interconnections with blood cells are presented in the material of trephine biopsies of the iliac bone. A possibility for development of adipocytes from the adventitial reticular cells is demonstrated. Close contacts are revealed between pre-adipocytes and young hemopoietic cells. Two types of the reticular cells are characterized, they differ in their position, structural organization and interconnection with the young hemopoietic elements. The peculiarities revealed in the morphofunctional state of the microenvironmental structures demonstrate functional variegation of the stromal elements, and also attest an essential importance of intercellular contacts of the hemopoietic predecessors and the stromal cells in maintaining the hemopoietic function of the bone marrow. PMID- 3447550 TI - [Thrombocyte ultrastructure and function in animals at high altitude]. AB - Ultrastructural peculiarities of blood plates and state of the thrombocytic line of hemostasis have been studied in yaks (Bos grunniens), the Tibet subspecies, living in the Kirghiz mountains at the altitude more than 3.200 m. As a control 6 cows (Bos taurus), constantly living at the altitude of 760 m, have been taken. Stereological analysis of the volume of thrombocytic alpha-granules and of the volume of blood plates in the yaks has been performed. Ultrastructure of thrombocytes in the yaks possesses certain essential peculiarities (polymorphism of mitochondria, difference in the structure of alpha-granules). A conclusion is made on adaptive specificity of thrombocytes in animals living at high altitude. PMID- 3447551 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin of newborn rat pups with prenatal exposure to desoxycorticosterone acetate]. AB - Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) was injected intramuscularly to pregnant rats at the III, or II-III trimester of pregnancy. By the end of pregnancy with increasing body mass of the female rats, the hormonal dosage dropped. The newborn rat skin was studied. The prenatal effect of DOCA resulted in thinning the epidermis, the decreasing dosage in certain activation of the epithelial proliferative activity and in appearance of foci of its hyperplasia. The hormone in the dose 0.8-1.0 mcg/100 g of the body mass activates the proliferative ability of fibroblasts, elevates the quantity of tissue basophils, increases secretory activity of both of them; this produces thickening of the derm. In the microvessels morphofunctional activity of endothelium increases, in the basal membrane contents of PAS-positive substances drop, the wall is often infiltrated with lymphocytes. Correlations between the cells and other structural components of the skin intensify. When the dose of DOCA increases and the time of the injection is short, the proliferative and secretory activity of fibroblasts is inhibited, but morphofunctional properties of the tissue basophils are stimulated. Congestive phenomena develop in the microvessels, mitotic activity of endotheliocytes is inhibited, in the basal membrane amount of the PAS-positive substances sharply decreases, perivascular edema develops in the connective tissue. Weakening or imbalance of the correlations is observed. PMID- 3447552 TI - [The endometrial glands at various phases of the menstrual cycle (morphometric research)]. AB - In diagnostic curettages of the uterine cavity wall in 14 women 878 glands have been investigated. The following parameters have been estimated: perimeters of the gland section contours and their lumens, areas of the gland sections, their lumens and epithelial rings, coefficients of the gland forms and their lumens, distance between glands. Peculiarities connected with physiological differences of the uterine cavity mucose membrane are revealed at various phases of the ovarian menstrual cycle PMID- 3447553 TI - [Classification of congenital defects of the heart and conduction system]. PMID- 3447554 TI - [Morphological aspects of the science of human ecology]. AB - Human ecology is the science on interaction of the man with the environment including the social surrounding. In the human ecological morphology biogenic and sociogenic peculiarities are distinguished; they are formed in the phylo- or ontogenesis. Peculiarities of the body integument, proportions, development of the fat component of the body mass etc. are related with the biogenic signs of the phylogenic origin, since they are connected with life in certain climato natural conditions. These signs have certain analogues among Mammalia. The sociogenic signs of the phylogenic origin include complexes of bepedality, labour and informative-speech activity. They are characteristic for the human being only. The sociogenic peculiarities of the ontogenic origin include certain changes of the organism connected with professional and sporting activities. According to the human organism state, observed in dynamics, it is possible to judge on biogenic and sociogenic consequences of the environmental influences. For this purpose the data of anthropometric observations in newborn are considered to be important. The role of the biogenic changes is followed in the example of shifts of the body dimensions in time, connected with the solar activity cycles; the sociogenic changes are considered in an example of growth processes under conditions of different gas-pollution of the atmosphere with industrial waste. PMID- 3447555 TI - [Somatotypes of the world's leading young football players]. AB - At the international tournament in 1982 in Moscow and Tashkent 254 leading footballers of the world from 10 national young combined teams have been undergone an anthropological examination. In all the persons examined main total body dimensions, fat mass in per cent and somatotype after B. Hint and J. Carter have been determined. The leading footballers of the world are of more than middle height and tall, the body mass is proportional to its length, the fat mass values are not great. Their specific somatotype is well-balanced mesomorphic and ectomesomorphic types. The average somatotype of the footballers examined can be presented as 1.7-5.6-2.6. The data obtained can be used when selecting and complexing national combined teams with perspective sportsmen. PMID- 3447556 TI - [Anthropometric characteristics of highly qualified female gymnasts]. AB - Quality of exercises performed by 16-year-old gymnast-girls of high qualification using 106 various anthropometric profiles has been stated experimentally. The data obtained have been subjected to statistic, correlative and factor analysis. As demonstrares analysis of 190 correlation coefficients between the anthropometric parameters (AP) of the gymnast-girls, 72 coefficients have meanings of a strong interconnections, 104--of middle and 14--of poor interconnections. The direction of the interconnections is positive. Factorization of matrix of the gymnast-girls AP makes it possible to distinguish three factors; their summational contribution into the total variance sample makes 79.1%. Exercises of a certain technical structure, at other similar conditions, are performed by the gymnast-girls possessing a peculiar anthropometric profile. Besides, the gymnast-girls, demonstrating at various levels similar technical results, are like in their anthropometric profile. For example, when performing the same qualified exercise, in the first group are included the gymnast-girls with the mark 9.93 from 10. AP of these gymnast-girls are: body mass 43 kg, body length 155 cm, length of their arms up to the styloid radial point 50 cm, length of the legs up to the lower tibial point 75 cm. With increase of the four AP mentioned, tendency to decreasing mark in the quality of the exercise performance is noted. Comparison of the gymnast-girls AP with the AP earlier established makes it possible, to some extent, to prognosticate sporting improvement. PMID- 3447557 TI - [Spatial organization of the lacunar-canalicular system in the structures of bone lamellae]. AB - By means of light microscopical techniques and scanning electron microscopy spatial organization of the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) has been studied in structures of a mature lamellar bone. A method for making corrosive casts of osseous lacunae and canaliculi is suggested, owing to which their spatial organization can be analysed. Certain data on interconnections of the osseous lacunae with each other and with vascular canals and natural surfaces of the bone are presented. The role of LCS as a component of the microcirculatory bed of the lamellar bone is discussed. PMID- 3447558 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of enzyme activity of the muscles in ontogenesis and after physical load]. AB - By means of histochemical methods using cytospectrophotometer in femoral muscles of white rats 1-, 3- and 12-month-old enzymatic activity of anaerobic and aerobic cycles has been estimated. The greatest changes occur after 20 days of physical load in 1- and 12-month-old animals. The semitendinous muscle (ventral origin), consisting mainly of red muscle fibers, works chiefly in aerobic regime and possesses a more manifested succinate dehydrogenase activity, and the quadriceps muscle (dorsal origin) consists principally of white fibers and its lactate dehydrogenase activity changes more noticeably. PMID- 3447559 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of degeneration of the fibers of the optic nerve after section]. AB - The optic nerve of the dog has been histologically studied. In the intact nerve 160,000 axons have been revealed. In 3 weeks after the nerve section in the orbit and near the nerve disk 72% retinoencephal fibers, 28% encephaloretinal and 0.23% of centrofugal axons are found. PMID- 3447560 TI - [The hemomicrocirculatory bed in the wall of hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs with portal hypertension]. AB - At portal hypertension, produced by means of experimental stenosis of the portal vein in the hemomicrocirculatory bed of hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract, congestive phenomena and edema of walls in the organs are observed. Manifested dilatation is noted in the lumen of arterioles, venules, postcapillary venules and capillaries. At early stages after the operation average diameters of these vessels in the submucosal base of the small intestine become increased 3-7 times and they do not return to the initial size even at late stages. The precapillary sphincters are in the state of spasm. Overdistention of walls in microvessels of the venular part of the functional module results in their increased permeability, that is demonstrated as diapedesic hemorrhages. During formation of intraorganic and extraorganic peripheral pathways of the circulation, the congestive phenomena in the hemomicrocirculatory bed disappear gradually. PMID- 3447561 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of myocardial capillaries after resection of the lungs]. AB - In the experiment performed on 107 dogs, after resection of 33-75% of the pulmonary volume, it has been stated that considerable disturbances take place in the myocardial microcirculatory bed. At early stage after the operation the amount of capillaries per 1 mm2 of the section increases, their lumens become wide. With elapse of time after the operation, as a result of myocardial hypertrophy, density in arrangement of the capillaries decreases, and the transversal section area of the cardiomyocyte per one capillary increases. In the capillary walls destructive changes are also noted; they result in myocardiodistrophy and in development of cardiac failure. PMID- 3447563 TI - [Intercellular relations in esophageal muscle tissues]. AB - As a result of electron microscopic investigation of the external muscle esophageal tunic in rats and rabbits simple junctions and semidesmosomes have been revealed between striated muscle fibers and smooth myocytes. In the area of the simple junctions both in the striated muscle fibers and in the smooth myocytes, there is an essential amount of microvesicles; this speaks in favour of possible formation of a certain metabolic connection between these muscle elements. At formation of the semidesmosome, a plate is revealed in the smooth myocyte and it is absent in the striated muscle fiber. By means of the semidesmosome adhesion of the striated myons and the smooth myocytes is performed. Absence of tight and gap junctions demonstrates genetic heterogeneity of the muscle tissue types investigated. PMID- 3447562 TI - [Characteristics of morphological changes in the myocardium of rats with different degrees of hereditary resistance to hypoxia during the development of adrenaline-induced myocardial dystrophy]. AB - By means of polarizational microscopy method morphological changes of the cardiac muscle have been studied in highly-(HS) and poorly-stable (PS) rats to hypoxia 1 h and 1 day after injection of cardiotoxic dose of adrenaline (1.5 mg/kg of body mass). One hour after injection of adrenaline in PS animals the II-III stages of contractive myofibrillar changes are revealed, while in HS rats--the I-II stages. In 1 day in the myocardium of PS animals contractures of the III-IV degree are observed, more foci of clumping decay and myocytolysis than in HS rats. Severity of the morphological changes of the cardiac muscle after cardiotoxic dose of adrenaline essentially depends on the organism's reactivity. PMID- 3447565 TI - [Regional graft vs host reaction to H-Y antigen (immunological mechanisms)]. AB - Structural changes in the regional popliteal lymph nodes have been studied in C57Bl/6 male mice at the peak of the reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen. Morphological and morphometrical investigations have been carried out in three groups of males (10 animals in each group). The first group includes intact animals (the first control group). To the males of the second group (the second control group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from intact C57Bl/6 females. To the males of the third group (experimental group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from H-Y antigen immunized C57Bl/6 females (anti-H-Y effector lymphocytes). The popliteal lymph nodes of the male mice from the third group twice increase in their size comparing to those in the control (the first and the second groups). Miotic activity increases in them 4.5 times, amount of cellular blast forms in medullary cords--4 times and 10 times--in the light zone of the cortical substance. Ratio of macrophages and eosinophils in structural components of the lymph nodes studied changes; this is, evidently, connected with massive destructive progresses, that take place in the lymph nodes of the animals from the third group. The results of the morphological investigations are in agreement with the hypothesis suggested, explaining the mechanism of development of the regional reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen, basing on idiotype antiidiotype interaction (the idiotypic network in the immune system). PMID- 3447564 TI - [Role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide pyrogenal in the development of congenital defects in embryos of second-generation Syrian hamsters]. AB - Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (pyrogenal) on development of golden hamster embryos of the second generation has been studied. The female hamsters are given pyrogenal once--intramuscularly 500-625 mpd/kg on the 9th-14th day of pregnancy. The embryos of the second generation are examined on the 15th day of pregnancy. The external observation is performed, body mass is estimated, state of the internal organs is studied. Death and congenital defects of development are essential among the embryos after implantation. Among alive embryos the congenital defects are noticed in 30% of cases, among the dead ones--in 63%. In the control group the congenital defects are found in 1.7% of cases. PMID- 3447566 TI - [Use of an informational index for the evaluation of the status of lymphoid formations in the spleen in postnatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 3447567 TI - Coronary prognostic index for the Chinese. AB - A coronary prognostic index (CPI) for the prediction of mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been constructed with data from 644 Chinese patients in Hong Kong. According to this CPI, patients with AMI could be divided into subgroups with increasing hospital mortality from 1.6% to 100%, depending on their ages, blood pressure, heart size, serum urea level, positions and types of infarcts, the presence of pulmonary congestion and cardiac dysrhythmia in the initial three days. This simple and convenient CPI could be useful for the objective assessment and stratification of AMI in the Chinese, as well as in many other developing countries in the Asian-Pacific region. PMID- 3447568 TI - Management of human immunodeficiency virus-induced thrombocytopenia in hemophilia. AB - Three patients with severe hemophilia and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection seropositive for virus antibody, presented with thrombocytopenia. Treatment with prednisolone, danazol (in one patient) and intravenous gammaglobulin, produced only transient responses. In one case, danazol treatment resulted in a rash, fever and a further fall in platelet count. The use of combined intravenous gammaglobulin and splenectomy successfully resulted in sustained elevation of platelet counts in all three patients. These counts have remained elevated at eight months, ten months and 17 months after operation. PMID- 3447569 TI - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - The first reported case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient with ataxia telangiectasia is described. The patient displayed the immunoglobulin deficiencies and abnormalities of lymphocyte numbers characteristic of ataxia telangiectasia. Treatment with corticosteroids led to a dramatic recovery. The proposed pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia are discussed in the light of the immunological abnormalities associated with ataxia telangiectasia. PMID- 3447570 TI - Corticosteroids and osteoporosis. PMID- 3447571 TI - Cardiac disorder and the "missed" hemorrhage. PMID- 3447572 TI - Danazol therapy in patients with immune cytopenias. PMID- 3447573 TI - A 54-year-old woman with cough and dyspnea. PMID- 3447574 TI - A mortality survey of free range koalas from the north coast of New South Wales. AB - In the period 1980 to 1986, 127 free range koalas from the north coast of New South Wales were presented for necropsy. Thirty-three koalas had urogenital disease alone, 8 had respiratory disease alone, 2 had digestive tract disease alone, 12 had multiorgan disease, 48 had traumatic injuries, 6 had neoplasia, 3 had miscellaneous conditions, while 15 had no significant lesions. Common naturally occurring disease entities included cystitis, conjunctivitis, paraovarian cysts, metritis and pneumonia. Lymphosarcoma was the common neoplasm. PMID- 3447575 TI - Chemotherapy of paramphistomosis in cattle. AB - Controlled tests were used to assess the efficacy of anthelmintics against immature paramphistomes, predominantly Calicophoron calicophorum, in 127 calves which were exposed to contaminated pasture for 7 weeks, treated and slaughtered. When a combination product of oxyclozanide and levamisole was used, oxyclozanide at 18.7 mg/kg reduced parasite numbers in the small intestine, abomasum and rumen reticulum by 61 to 96.1%, 50.0 to 92.6% and 56.5 to 98.1%, respectively. When 2 doses were given 3 days apart, oxyclozanide was 99.9%, 100% and 100% effective, respectively, in the above organs, and produced improvement in clinically affected calves. This treatment elicited transient diarrhoea. Hexachlorophene at 20 mg/kg as a single dose was 99.5%, 100% and 100% effective against the fluke in the small intestine, abomasum and rumen respectively but severe neurological signs were seen in some calves. Niclosamide at 160 mg/kg given as single or 2 doses 3 days apart was 91.1% and 92.6% effective, respectively, against the parasites in the small intestine. No toxicity was noted. Closantel, at 7.5 mg/kg was not effective. Oxyclozanide and niclosamide when given as a single treatment had varying activity. Two doses of oxyclozanide and a single dose of hexachlorophene gave consistent results. Further tests based on reduction of faecal egg counts, 10 to 14 days after treatment were conducted with oxyclozanide and hexachlorophene against mature paramphistomes in 207 cattle. Oxyclozanide as a single dose or 2 doses 3 days apart at 12.8 to 18.7 mg/kg was 93.6 to 97.5% effective in reducing egg counts. Hexachlorophene at 20 mg/kg was 83.0% effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447576 TI - Studies of the pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals. AB - Pyogranulomatous pneumonia was induced in Thoroughbred foals by intranasal challenge with freeze-dried cultures of Rhodococcus equi (previously Corynebacterium equi). The incubation period was about 18 days and clinical signs were not seen for a further week. There were marked seasonal and individual foal differences in responses to infection. Elevations in serum caeruloplasmin oxidase activity and copper concentrations appeared to be sensitive indicators of infection. Serum zinc concentrations and serum alpha-mannosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities fell in the more severely infected foals. Use of trace elements and trace element-related parameters along with faecal culture for R. equi could prove useful for early diagnosis of field cases. PMID- 3447577 TI - Effects of helminth infection on the pre-weaning production of ewes and lambs: evaluation of pre- and post-lambing drenching and provision of safe lambing pasture. AB - The pre-weaning production of ewes and lambs in spring on pastures grazed during the previous autumn and early winter by either weaner sheep, adult sheep, or cattle was investigated together with estimating the benefits of pre- and post lambing drenches to ewes. These treatments were compared with one in which parasitism was uncontrolled in ewes lambing on pastures grazed previously by untreated weaner sheep, and another where parasitism was suppressed by 2-weekly drenching of the weaner sheep and also of the ewes and their lambs. Prior grazing by cattle effectively eliminated infection of pastures with intestinal Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus spp, but less so for Ostertagia spp. Worthwhile reductions in contamination were also achieved by grazing by adult sheep compared with grazing by undrenched weaners. Despite differences in the parasitological status of the pastures, there were no indications that pre-weaning growth rates of lambs were affected. However, wool growth in ewes was reduced by 10 to 20% by parasite infection. Wool growth of ewes on pastures grazed by cattle during the pre-experimental period exceeded that on any other treatment, and was significantly greater than that of ewes on pastures grazed by undrenched weaners. There was no production benefit in giving a pre-lambing drench to ewes on plots contaminated by weaners, or in giving the additional post-lambing drench to ewes grazing on plots contaminated by weaners, adult sheep or cattle. PMID- 3447578 TI - Metronidazole for the treatment of bovine pyometra. AB - Metronidazole, an antibiotic with specific activity against anaerobic bacteria, was assessed as a treatment for bovine pyometra. A preliminary experiment with metronidazole-neomycin was followed by an experiment in which metronidazole ampicillin was compared with povidone iodine. Each treatment was given as a single intrauterine infusion. The success of therapy was judged by clinical examination, bacteriological examination before and after treatment and, in the second experiment, by post treatment reproductive performance. Before treatment 45 of the 84 cows in both experiments were infected with a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, 23 cows were infected with aerobes alone and significant bacteria were not isolated from 16 cows. Complete bacteriological and clinical cures were achieved in 23 of 32 cows treated with metronidazole-neomycin, 15 of 32 cows treated with metronidazole-ampicillin and 1 of 20 cows treated with iodine. When only those cows with mixed anaerobe/aerobe infections were considered, complete cures occurred in 12 of 17 cows treated with metronidazole neomycin, and 11 of 16 cows treated with metronidazole-ampicillin, but none of the 12 cows treated with iodine. Twenty-two of 29 cows treated with metronidazole ampicillin conceived after treatment (mean 51.4 days), while 9 of 18 cows treated with iodine conceived (mean 58.7 days). Statistically, metronidazole-ampicillin treatment produced significantly better clinical and bacteriological cure rates than iodine treatment (P less than 0.05), but the differences in reproductive parameters were not significant. PMID- 3447579 TI - Zinc responsive alopecia and hyperkeratosis in Angora goats. PMID- 3447580 TI - Bovine idiopathic hyperthermia. PMID- 3447581 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in a koala. PMID- 3447583 TI - Electroimmobilisation on man and animals. PMID- 3447582 TI - Antibodies to B. canis in dogs in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3447584 TI - Legumin heterogeneity in Pisum. AB - Analyses of heterogeneity in legumin subunit patterns, legumin precursor polypeptides, and restriction fragments containing legumin genes have shown that Pisum (pea) genotypes vary in the extent of gene and polypeptide divergence but not in the degree of gene reiteration. Genotypes containing single and multiple alpha M subunits had the same numbers of legumin genes. The potential value of this heterogeneity in genetical analyses is outlined. PMID- 3447585 TI - There are two distinct arylsulfatase activities in Drosophila. PMID- 3447586 TI - A multiple homogenizer for rapid sample preparation in immunoassays and electrophoresis. AB - A multiple homogenizer is described for preparing samples of small invertebrates or tissue in a flat-bottom immunoplate. Its efficiency was evaluated by immunoassay of carboxylesterase (E4), the enzyme conferring insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae). This equipment was shown to release more enzyme, with less variability, than homogenizing individual aphids and its efficiency allows one person to analyze up to 3000 individual insects per day. It is also suitable for preparing samples for electrophoretic analysis. In the present study samples were loaded onto electrophoresis gels rapidly and accurately by using an eight-channel multipipette. PMID- 3447587 TI - Polymorphisms of four hepatic cytochromes P-450 in twenty-eight inbred strains of rat. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital treated animals was used to analyze electrophoretic/regulatory polymorphisms for cytochromes P-450b, P-450e, P-450g, and P-450h in 28 inbred strains of rat. Previous studies with outbred rats revealed the existence of four electrophoretic variants for P-450b, two for P-450e, and three for P-450h as well as two regulatory alleles for P-450g. With the exception of one allozymic form of P 450h, all of these alleles as well as a novel (null) allele for P-450e were found to be homozygous in at least two of the inbred strains tested. Eight phenotypes for combinations of these four cytochromes P-450 were observed. Inbred strains were identified that can be used in studies on the structure/function of unique cytochrome P-450-allozymes and in genetic crosses to map the four distinct cytochrome P-450 genes. PMID- 3447588 TI - Cryopreservation of erythrocytes in small aliquots for isozyme electrophoresis. PMID- 3447589 TI - High activity of an unstable form of glucose phosphate isomerase in the mouse. AB - Quantitative electrophoretic studies of the three allozymes of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) produced by Gpi-1sa/Gpi-1sc heterozygous mice revealed two opposing influences on GPI-1 activity. First, the GPI-1AC heterodimer is less stable than GPI-1AA but more stable than the GPI-1CC homodimer. Second, a genetic determinant that maps close to or within the Gpi-1s structural gene causes elevated activity of GPI-1AC and probably also GPI-1CC dimers. The relative lability of these allozymes masks this elevated activity in some tissues but the effect is probably ubiquitous. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3447590 TI - Assignment of the gene for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase on the genetic map of mouse chromosome 8. AB - Two electrophoretic variants of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) were identified in a population of wild mice (Mus musculus bactrianus). Breeding tests demonstrated that the APRT variants are under the control of two alleles at an autosomal locus designated Aprt. We have examined the linkage relationships between Aprt and the markers of chromosome 8 including esterase-1 and the centromere. The recombination distance between the centromere and Aprt is 44 +/- 7 cM, and that between Es-1 and Aprt is 25 +/- 2 cM, i.e., the probable order of the markers examined is cen-Es-1-Aprt on chromosome 8. PMID- 3447591 TI - Purification and characterization of variant alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes from durum wheat. AB - Three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes from embryos of the durum wheat cultivar Bijaga Yellow having the variant Adh-Alb allele were purified using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. ADH is a dimeric enzyme. The variant isozyme ADH-1-1, which is a homodimer composed of alpha b monomers, was compared with ADH-1-5 (homodimer composed of beta a monomers), the product of Adh-B1, and the ADH-1-3 isozyme (alpha b beta a heterodimer) on a number of parameters including Km, substrate specificities, and molecular weights. No appreciable differences among the three isozymes were found, except for the faster electrophoretic mobility of alpha b alpha b dimers (ADH-1-1). The results indicate that the variant isozyme is the result of a mutation altering only the charge of the isozyme. PMID- 3447592 TI - Genetic control of a novel series of trypsin inhibitors in wheat and its relatives. AB - The aneuploids of Chinese Spring wheat have been used to locate the genes (Ti-2) coding for a novel series of trypsin inhibitors to the long arms of the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes. Three allelic variants at the 5D locus were detected in a limited survey among wheat varieties, but no variation at the loci on either chromosome 5A or chromosome 5B was detected. Homoeoloci were found in a number of alien relatives, and in the majority of cases, these were present on the group 5 homoeologue. However, in Aegilops umbellulata, the Ti-U2 locus was located on a chromosome presumed to belong to homoeologous group 1. No Hordeum vulgare or H. chilense Ti-2 gene was expressed in a wheat background. This new marker will be especially useful as a screening mechanism for nullisomy of chromosome 5B in work aimed at introgression of alien chromatin into wheat. PMID- 3447593 TI - A gene (Bmn) controlling beta-mannosidase activity in the mouse is located in the distal part of chromosome 3. AB - A gene (Bmn) with a major effect on beta-mannosidase activity in kidney and liver of the house mouse was revealed by assay with the synthetic substrate p nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannoside. Activity is low in DBA/2J and CSB mice and high in C57BL/6J mice. By the use of the BXD series of recombinant inbred strains and by crosses between C57BL and CSB, it was possible to map the gene to the distal part of chromosome 3 by demonstration of linkage to a gene for cadmium resistance, cdm, as well as to the Adh-3 locus. PMID- 3447594 TI - Pulse immunoassay for human immunoglobulin G using antibody bound latex beads. AB - Pulse immunoassay was applied in the immunoassay of human immunoglobulin G (H IgG). Antibodies to H-IgG were covalently immobilized on the surface of latex beads (1 microM). Immunoreaction of the antibody bound latex beads (Ab-L) and H IgG was performed using electric pulses. Agglutination rate (AR), defined by the following equation, was used to estimate the immunoreaction rate (formula; see text) where Nn is the total number of beads forming n bead agglutinations. Each Nn was determined by analyzing photographs of the samples. When 140 microliter of Ab-L suspension (0.7%) containing H-IgG (6.7 X 10(-6) g ml-1) was reacted using electric pulses (peak height 2 kV cm-1, pulse width 20 microseconds, pulse frequency 8 kHz), AR increased sharply and reached 50% after 10 min. In contrast, when the same sample was reacted without electric pulses, AR increased very slowly and only reached 20% after 20 min. Therefore, the immunoreaction of H-IgG and Ab-L can be carried out more rapidly by applying electric pulses. PMID- 3447595 TI - A homogeneous electrode-based bioelectrochemical immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - An amperometric, electrode-based technique for the quantification of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is described. Glucose oxidase and an anti-HCG monoclonal antibody are co-immobilised onto a glassy carbon electrode. The activity of the enzyme is measured electrochemically by use of an electron transfer mediator (dimethylaminomethyl ferrocene). Binding of HCG to the antibody modulates the activity of the immobilised glucose oxidase, permitting quantification of HCG. Sensitivity of the assay is 7 mIU HCG ml-1 in serum (First International Reference Preparation). Soaking in 50% ethylene glycol permits reuse of the electrode. Cross-reactivity of the electrode with other hormones has been examined. PMID- 3447596 TI - ISFET based enzyme sensors. AB - This paper reviews the results that have been reported on ISFET based enzyme sensors. The most important improvement that results from the application of ISFETs instead of glass membrane electrodes is in the method of fabrication. Problems with regard to the pH dependence of the response and the dynamic range as well as the influence of the sample buffer capacity have not been solved. As a possible solution we introduce a coulometric system that compensates for the analyte buffer capacity. If the pH in the immobilized enzyme layer is thus controlled, the resulting pH-static enzyme sensor has an output that is independent of the sample pH and buffer capacity and has an expanded linear range. PMID- 3447597 TI - Choline glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in the guinea pig heart. AB - The aims of this study were to (i) elucidate the biosynthetic pathways for the formation of plasmenylcholine in the mammalian heart and (ii) investigate whether the control of choline glycerophospholipid production is different in hearts with high plasmenylcholine content. Guinea pig hearts were used throughout this study, since 34% of the cardiac choline glycerophospholipids in this species is present in the plasmenylcholine form. By perfusion of the guinea pig heart in the Langendorff mode with labeled choline, we demonstrated that the majority of plasmenylcholine in the heart was synthesized via the CDP-choline pathway. The ability of the heart to form plasmenylcholine from CDP-choline and 1-alkenyl-2 acylglycerol was also shown. We postulate that 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol in the guinea pig heart might originate from the hydrolysis of plasmenylethanolamine. In mammalian liver and other tissues, the CDP-choline pathway is the major pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and the rate-limiting step is catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. The results obtained from the present study support this supposition. In addition, evidence was obtained indicating that phosphorylation of choline by choline kinase in the CDP-choline pathway may also be rate limiting. Although the involvement of choline kinase as a rate limiting enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway has been shown in a number of cell cultures, the rate-limiting role of this enzyme in intact mammalian organs has not been previously reported. The rationale for the presence of more than one rate-limiting step in the CDP-choline pathway in the guinea pig heart remains undefined. PMID- 3447598 TI - Structural studies of the O-chain of the phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. AB - The phenol-phase soluble cellular lipopolysaccharide that was isolated by the phenol-water extraction from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was shown to be of the S type by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, hydrolysis, methylation, specific degradations, and both one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies. It could be cleaved to yield a lipid A and an O-chain polysaccharide. This O-polysaccharide was identified as a high molecular weight unbranched linear polymer of a pentasaccharide repeating unit having the structure: (Formula: see text). PMID- 3447599 TI - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of plasma proteins in the evaluation of blood glucose balance in diabetics: determination of fructosamine]. PMID- 3447600 TI - A new method of preparation of a pure heart mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 3447601 TI - [Effect of loperamide on the emptying of the gallbladder induced by caerulein]. PMID- 3447602 TI - Preliminary observations on the ampullary receptors of Ictalurus sp. (Teleostea, Ictaluridae) after autoplastic skin grafting, with a short note on their electrophysiology. PMID- 3447603 TI - Serum lipoprotein pattern after SAMe-treatment. PMID- 3447604 TI - Hb-CO in normal adults and newborns. PMID- 3447605 TI - [Device for the automatic recording of the latency of the mouth-opening reflex in the cat]. PMID- 3447606 TI - Distribution of the remodeling processes in the auditory ossicles of the dog. PMID- 3447607 TI - Modulation of transferrin receptor gene in a human kidney cell line. PMID- 3447608 TI - Urine iron excretion in beta-thalassemia trait. PMID- 3447609 TI - A case of the transposition of the great arteries in a rabbit embryo. PMID- 3447610 TI - [Quality of plant production. Preliminary note]. PMID- 3447611 TI - [On the presence of fibers of probable efferent function in the paratympanic organ in chickens]. PMID- 3447612 TI - [Gastric dysplasia and carcinoma: analytical morphometry of the nuclear form]. PMID- 3447613 TI - Possibilities for the management of multiple metabolic disorders with benfluorex. PMID- 3447614 TI - [A new method for closing the dental pulp canal, elective for apicectomy, based on Bernoulli's theorem. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3447615 TI - [Urinary excretion of prostanoids in the course of changes in diuresis over short and long terms respectively]. PMID- 3447616 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the P300 wave in a normal population]. PMID- 3447617 TI - [Hyperlipidemic diet and physical activity in the albino rat]. PMID- 3447618 TI - [Quantitative observations of the regenerative process of the deep peroneal nerve in normal rats and those deficient in vitamin E after crushing the sciatic nerve]. PMID- 3447619 TI - [Presence of ascorbic peroxidase in the plant kingdom]. PMID- 3447621 TI - [Platelet vitamin C in relation to serum ferritin levels and alpha/beta synthesis ratio in heterozygous beta-thalassemia: preliminary data]. PMID- 3447620 TI - [Correlation of blood levels of tocopherol, retinol, apolipoproteins and lipids in healthy adult subjects]. PMID- 3447623 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds: indol-2,3-dione derivatives. VII. Variously substituted hydrazones with antimicrobial activity. PMID- 3447624 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds: indol-2,3-dione derivatives. VIII. Structural modifications and antimicrobial activity of indol-2,3-dione derivatives. PMID- 3447622 TI - [Acetaldehyde and human erythrocytes: metabolic and non-specific effects]. PMID- 3447625 TI - [Induction of localized optic neuritis with lysophosphatidylcholine]. PMID- 3447626 TI - Pitch alterations in some neurological disorders: anatomic-clinic correlations. PMID- 3447628 TI - [Conformation changes in the mechanism of cryoprecipitation of human monoclonal immunoglobulin M]. AB - The role of conformational changes in the mechanism of cryoprecipitation of human monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) was studied. It was demonstrated that the variable moiety of the Fab-region of cryo-IgM has a site which comprises 5 to 6 charged amino acid residues. This site is responsible for intermolecular electrostatic interactions which lead to the formation of a precipitate with a decrease in temperature. This interaction is cooperative and stabilized by dipole molecules of H2O. The chain growth during aggregation is nuclear. The primary nucleus contains three IgM macromolecules. stability of the three-molecule nucleus is provided for by 16--17 intermolecular links. Using circular dichroism and fluorescent methods, it was found that the formation of a cryoprecipitate is accompanied by ionic pair release and conformational changes. PMID- 3447627 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in brains with AIDS-related leukoencephalopathy. AB - In addition to central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and neoplasms, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop unexplained dementia and encephalopathy and degeneration of the white matter. We studied autopsied brains from 20 adult patients who expired from AIDS to determine the relationship of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to white matter lesions and to clinical findings. In four patients with dementia/encephalopathy and abnormalities of the white matter, there was evidence of HIV infection as shown by in situ hybridization. In contrast, the remaining 16 patients who had no evidence of white matter degeneration revealed no hybridization to the HIV probe. The cells infected with HIV included endothelial cells, perivascular macrophages/monocytes, and multinucleated giant cells and were found in or adjacent to white matter degeneration. These results demonstrate a correlation between HIV-infected cells and AIDS leukoencephalopathy and provide further evidence for HIV-related dementia/encephalopathy. PMID- 3447629 TI - [Internucleosome interactions: detecting the dinucleosome fragmentation of chromatin using micrococcal nuclease. Heterogeneity of nucleosomes and localization of histone H1]. AB - The content of histone H1 (H1/H4 ratio) in dinucleosomes with the DNA of various length liberated from L-cell nuclear chromatin by micrococcal nuclease was analyzed. It was found that the histone H1 content in the dichromatosome is two times as low as that in the largest dinucleosome and in the complete mononucleosome. The set of chromatin fragments liberated from the Triton X-100 pretreated nuclei differs considerably from that of chromatin sites devoid of histone H1 (the de novo replicating chromatin and the chromatin formed on the undermethylated DNA). A scheme for asymmetric distribution of histone H1 with molecules oriented along the nucleosomal fibril, which reflects the peculiarities of chromatin fragmentation by micrococcal nuclease with predominant liberation of the dichromatosome, is proposed. PMID- 3447630 TI - [Isolation and properties of carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces spheroides, strain 35]. AB - Extracellular carboxypeptidase was isolated from culture filtrates of Str. spheroides strain 35, using affinity chromatography on bacitracin-silochrome, bacitracin-Sepharose and CABS-Sepharose. The electrophoretically homogenous enzyme was obtained with a 44% yield and 4160-fold purification. The enzyme molecular weight is 33,000 Da; pI is 4.7. The amino acid composition of carboxypeptidase is as follows: Asp43, Thr30, Ser35, Glu33, Pro30, Gly47-50, Ala38, 1/2 Cys5-6, Val16, Met2, Ile11, Leu15, Tyr8, Phe10, Lys10, His6, Arg9. The enzyme shows an activity optimum at pH 7.5 is stable at pH 6-8, is completely inhibited with EDTA and can be reactivated by Ca2+. The carboxypeptidase from Str. spheroides strain 35 has a dual substrate specificity, i. e., it splits N substituted di-, three- and tetrapeptides having both neutral and basic amino acids at the C-ends similar to mammalian carboxypeptidases A and B. The enzyme belongs to the family of metallocarboxypeptidases; its properties are very similar to those of carboxypeptidase S from Str. griseus K-1 and of carboxypeptidase T from Thermoactinomyces sp. PMID- 3447631 TI - [Effect of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent deoxyribonuclease on DNA synthesis in cell nuclei from embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius]. AB - The sea urchin embryo nuclei which retained their ability to maintain the DNA synthesis in an in vitro system were isolated. The DNA synthesis isolated nuclei was shown to be an ATP-dependent process which is inhibited by low concentrations of actinomycin D, a polymerase alpha araCTP inhibitor. The newly synthesized DNA is represented by short fragments of about 4S. After addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ dependent DNAase to sea urchin embryo nuclei, the synthesis of short DNA fragments is enhanced. This stimulating effect of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent DNAase is ATP-dependent and is observed only within a narrow range of enzyme concentrations (of the order of 1-5 units of DNAase activity per ml of incubation sample). The increase in the enzyme concentration to 10 or more units of activity results in the depression of DNA synthesis. It is concluded that DNA replication in sea urchin embryo nuclei depends on the presence of active DNAases as well as on the number of accessible initiation sites of DNA replication. PMID- 3447632 TI - [Changes in the structural state of myosin filaments in glycerol-treated fibers of rabbit skeletal muscles induced by phosphorylation of myosin light chains]. AB - Using the polarization microfluorimetry method, it was demonstrated that the increase in the degree of phosphorylation of myosin light chains (LC2) in extended single glycerinated fibers from rabbit psoas muscle changes the anisotropy of polarized fluorescence both tryptophan residue in the rod parts of the myosin molecule and the fluorescent label-N (iodoacetyl-aminoethyl)-5 naphthylamine-1-sulfonate (1,5-IAEDANS) bound to the SH1-group in myosin molecule heads. The changes in fluorescence anisotropy during LC2 phosphorylation were observed, when the measurements were performed only in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2. It was suggested that in the presence of MgCl2 the phosphorylation of LC2 associated with myosin heads changes their orientation and causes conformational shifts in the myosin filament core. PMID- 3447633 TI - The personality of the cardiac responder: interaction of seriousmindedness and type A behavior. AB - Forty healthy university students were recruited from a larger sample to form subgroups of seriousminded and playful Type A and Type B individuals according to their responses to the Telic Dominance Scale and Jenkins Activity Survey. The experiment made use of a factorial design and tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular reactivity during a continuous perceptual motor task is highest in individuals who are characterized by a combination of seriousmindedness and Type A behavior pattern. Relatively low levels of sympathetic reactivity were expected in playful Type B individuals. Heart rate (HR) and pulse transit time (PTT) scores from baseline and task performance periods supported the conclusions that: (1) Cardiovascular activation appeared during task performance; and that (2) seriousmindedness and Type A behavior exerted particularly significant additive effects upon HR, whereas Type A behavior showed a stronger association than did seriousmindedness with PTT scores. Analyses using pre-task score as covariate to task-scores, indicated stronger reactivity for HR in Type A than in Type B subjects. PMID- 3447634 TI - Control of masseter muscle tension during sleep. AB - This study evaluated whether muscle tension could be controlled during sleep. Twelve volunteers were assigned to an experimental condition or to a no treatment control group. Experimental subjects were instructed to reduce the tension in their masseter (jaw) muscle when signalled with an auditory tone. These subjects demonstrated cue-controlled tension reductions during awake training sessions. Although both groups evidenced muscle tension increases in response to the tones presented during sleep, experimental subjects produced significantly smaller increases in response to tone stimuli than did control subjects. More importantly, experimental subjects sustained lower tonic levels of muscle tension throughout the sleep sessions than did control subjects. Sleep was moderately disrupted for subjects in both groups. However, experimental subjects evidenced the greatest tension reductions during those responses in which they shifted to a lighter stage of sleep rather than fully awakening. These data suggest that muscle tension can be moderated during sleep. PMID- 3447635 TI - Age differences in the consistency of cardiovascular response patterns in healthy women. AB - To determine if response consistency is higher in older women, twenty young adult (mean = 20 years) and twenty-two elderly (mean = 82 years) women participated in a 20-min stress protocol including serial subtraction, anxiety and anger imagery tasks. All subjects were healthy and free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to the tasks were assessed. To allow comparisons of the effects of stress on different cardiovascular parameters, all baseline-stress change scores were converted to z-scores. Forty-two 3(parameter)X3(stressor) matrices of z-scores, one for each subject, were created. Intraclass correlations computed using these matrices revealed greater consistency of response hierarchies (e.g., DBP greater than SBP greater than HR) among elderly subjects. Possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed. PMID- 3447636 TI - Visual search and spatial attention: ERPs in focussed and divided attention conditions. AB - ERPs and performance were measured in divided and focussed attention visual search tasks. In focussed attention tasks, to-be-attended and to-be-ignored letters were presented simultaneously. We varied display load, mapping conditions and display size. RT, P3b-latency and negativity in the ERP associated with controlled search all increased with display load. Each of these measures showed selectivity of controlled search, in that they decreased with focussing of attention. An occipital N230, on the other hand, was not sensitive to focussing of attention, but was primarily affected by display load. ERPs to both attended and unattended targets in focussed attention conditions showed and N2 compared to nontargets, suggesting that both automatic and controlled letter classifications are possible. These effects were not affected by display size. Consistent mapping resulted in shorter RT and P3b-latency in divided attention conditions, compared to varied mapping conditions, but had no effect in focussed attention conditions. PMID- 3447637 TI - Response mode and P300 from auditory stimuli. AB - The P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with a simple auditory discrimination task. Subjects were required to respond in three different ways to target stimuli across conditions: (1) silently counting the targets; (2) tapping their index finger every time a target was detected; or (3) pressing a button with their thumb when a target was presented. In addition, ERPs were recorded during each response mode while the subjects' eyes were either open or closed. P300 amplitude was larger for the counting compared to the tapping or button press tasks especially during the eyes closed condition. The peak latency of the P300 was longer when obtained from the counting compared to the tapping and button-press tasks for both eye conditions. Response mode also interacted with electrode site for peak latency. The results suggest that the P300 ERP component is sensitive to the nature of the subject's response during discrimination tasks. PMID- 3447638 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Respiratory Psychophysiology, London, 18-19 September 1986. PMID- 3447639 TI - Chronic and acute ethanol impair the in vivo glucose uptake by lactating rat mammary gland. AB - Chronic and acute ethanol treatments increased the 3-hydroxybutyrate uptake by lactating rat mammary gland as a consequence of its high afferent concentration, without changing its relative extraction. The uptake of glucose was inhibited in the ethanol treated animals due to intrinsic alterations in the mammary gland metabolism as indicated by the decreased relative extraction and unchanged afferent concentration. These results would suggest that the elevated uptake of ketone bodies in ethanol-treated rats can be responsible, at least in part, for the decrease in glucose uptake by lactating rat mammary gland, although other direct effects of ethanol may be implied. PMID- 3447640 TI - The role of lysolecithin in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The effect of lysolecithin (lysophosphatidylcholine) on the relaxation of rabbit aortic strip closely resembled that produced by acetylcholine (ACh) which releases the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Relaxation induced by lysolecithin depended on the presence of endothelium and was inhibited by hemoglobin and methylene blue. It appeared to be mediated by the second messenger, c-GMP. Lysolecithin induced relaxation was slower but more persistent than that resulting from the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) produced by acetylcholine (ACh). Like lysolecithin, Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent, also preferentially relaxed aortic strips with intact endothelium. The results demonstrate the importance of phospholipids derived from cell membranes in vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Endothelium-derived relaxing factors appear as a group of heterogeneous substances. PMID- 3447641 TI - Changes in thermogenesis and brown fat activity in response to tumour necrosis factor in the rat. AB - A single intravenous injection of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) resulted in significant, but transient (24-48 hr) reductions in food intake and body weight, and increases in rectal temperature, resting oxygen consumption (VO2) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity (mitochondrial GDP binding). The increased VO2 was inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol), and activation of BAT was prevented by denervation of the tissue. In adult (4-month old) animals, TNF induced greater reductions in food intake and body weight, caused general malaise and some fatalities, but did not significantly alter VO2 or BAT activity. However, the reduction in VO2 following beta-adrenergic blockade was greater in TNF-treated rats and BAT activity was enhanced when compared to pair-fed controls. Injection of adult rats with gamma interferon induced small changes in body weight and temperature which were slightly potentiated when injected with a low dose of TNF. The results indicate that TNF stimulates sympathetic outflow to BAT. This effect may be partly responsible for the increases in body temperature and metabolic rate associated with TNF treatment and with cancer cachexia. PMID- 3447642 TI - In vitro and in vivo effect of organophosphate pesticides on monoamine oxidase activity in rat brain. AB - The effects of some organophosphate pesticides, e.g. lebaycid, metacid and metasystox on the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat brain mitochondria have been studied. These pesticides cause significant inhibition of MAO activity in vitro but have negligible effects on its activity in vivo. PMID- 3447643 TI - Partial sequence of hemoglobin from cobra (Naja naja naja). AB - Hemoglobin from the cobra snake, Naja naja naja, was isolated and its chains separated on a CM-cellulose column. The separation profile revealed an alpha and two beta chains having the molar proportions of [alpha]2[beta 1]1[beta 2]1. The N terminal amino acid sequence of the intact chains and of the CNBr peptides were carried out. The beta 2 chain was found to be heterogeneous comprising a minor component amounting to 11%. This later showed changes at two positions 9 and 14 in the first 30 residues sequenced. PMID- 3447645 TI - Oestrogen receptor activity in breast cancer detected at a prevalence screening examination. AB - In view of the possible introduction of screening programmes, this study compares oestrogen receptor (ER) levels in a series of women whose primary tumour was detected by screening and an age-matched consecutive series of women whose tumours were diagnosed after symptomatic presentation. Because of missing data and other statistical considerations, the comparison was made using T1 and T2 categories of tumour only. Some differences were found: the distribution of ER levels was significantly different in the two groups, with more extreme values in the symptomatic series; the screening series, however, had more moderate/rich ER levels than the symptomatic group. Tumours of special pathological type (for example, tubular, cribriform, lobular, medullary, and mucoid) were more likely to be ER-moderate or -rich, and there were more of these tumours in the screening series. The relationship of these findings to tumour growth rate is discussed. The study highlights the difficulty of obtaining sufficient tissue for conventional DCC biochemical assays from the small non-invasive tumours found by screening, and suggests that newer alternative methods employing monoclonal antibodies may be required for such types of tumour. PMID- 3447644 TI - Rehabilitation needs and breast cancer: the first month after primary therapy. AB - Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in occidental women, yet very little information is available about the rehabilitation needs of these patients. This report reviews in detail the physical, psychological, social, and financial problems identified by fifty women during the first month after primary surgical treatment. The most frequently reported problems were physical and psychological. Patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM) are compared with patients receiving segmental mastectomy and primary radiotherapy (SM). There were few differences between the two surgical treatment groups; however, patients in the MRM group reported more difficulty with clothing and body image, while the SM group had more disruption of recreation and social activities. Information about the rehabilitation problems of patients with this common neoplasm should be helpful to patients and to the members of the health care team who are helping them recover. PMID- 3447646 TI - Changes in estrogen and progesterone receptor content of primary breast carcinoma during the menstrual cycle. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if hormone receptor activity in breast cancers changes during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors in seventy-eight primary breast carcinomas from premenopausal women were compared with the phase of the menstrual cycle at the time of biopsy. The frequency of ER positivity did not change, but PgR positivity became significantly higher after the early follicular phase. An increase in mean ER and PgR concentration was found (p less than .05) in the late luteal phase. The results indicate that tumor ER and PgR values change during the menstrual cycle, probably in response to endogenous hormonal fluctuations, and this may account for some vicissitudes in establishing hormone dependence. PMID- 3447648 TI - Perfluorochemicals as oxygen transport vehicles. PMID- 3447647 TI - Estrogen receptor determination by monoclonal antibody in fine needle aspiration breast cancer cytologies: a marker of hormone response. AB - A monoclonal antibody (H222) prepared against purified estrogen receptor has been demonstrated to be highly specific and sensitive in an immunohistochemical assay for the detection and quantification of estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma biopsy specimens. To evaluate the clinical applicability of this assay in cytologic specimens, response to therapy in 12 patients with recurrent breast cancer was correlated with H222 antibody localization in specimens obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy. All 7 patients with positive H222 responded to hormone therapy (1 complete and 3 partial remissions and 3 stable disease), while 1 of 5 patients with negative H222 responded (1 stable disease). This experience suggests a role for immunohistochemical estrogen receptor determinations in prediction of response to hormonal therapy in patients whose tumor is accessible only to aspiration biopsy. Special care in the handling and interpretation of specimens is essential to optimal application of this method. PMID- 3447649 TI - Polyhemoglobin and fluorocarbon as blood substitutes. PMID- 3447650 TI - Pyridoxalated heterogenous and homologous polyhemoglobin and hemoglobin: systemic effects of replacement transfusion in rats previously received immunizing doses. PMID- 3447652 TI - AIDS--an international perspective. PMID- 3447653 TI - Proceedings of the VIIIth Africa Regional Conference of the IUAT. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. PMID- 3447651 TI - Albumin-coated polyester arterial prostheses: is xenogenic albumin safe? AB - This paper adds a new dimension to the series of studies concerned with the development of an albumin-coated polyester vascular prosthesis by addressing the question of the origin of the albumin. Previous experiments in dogs have used canine albumin-coated polyester arterial grafts. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of xenogenic material by implanting in dogs prostheses coated with bovine albumin and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Two series of albuminated grafts, one gamma radiation sterilized, the other ethylene oxide sterilized, as well as a preclotted control series were undertaken. The origin of the albumin did not appear to be significant. In fact, the healing pattern of the xenogenic albumin coated grafts was identical to that found previously with isogenic albumin. Nor did the method of sterilization produce significantly different pathological results. However, a slower rate of healing with the coated grafts compared to the preclotted controls did appear to be related to the slow rate of albumin erosion and the potentially cytotoxic effect of the glutaraldehyde cross-linking agent. PMID- 3447654 TI - Analysis of the efficacy of mass BCG vaccination from 1959 to 1983 in tuberculosis control in Hungary. Multiple comparison of results. PMID- 3447655 TI - XXVIth World Conference. Selected papers from ordinary sessions: Part I. PMID- 3447656 TI - Focus on AIDS. An interview. PMID- 3447657 TI - WHO urges moves to minimize AIDS in prisons. PMID- 3447658 TI - WHO issues statement on social aspects of AIDS control. PMID- 3447659 TI - Health education and information of the public - objectives and evaluation of achievements by means of inquiries. PMID- 3447661 TI - Anthropology and psychiatry. The role of culture in cross-cultural research on illness. AB - To illustrate the contribution anthropology can make to cross-cultural and international research in psychiatry, four questions have been put to the cross cultural research literature and discussed from an anthropological point of view: 'To what extent do psychiatric disorders differ in different societies?' 'Does the tacit model of pathogenicity/pathoplasticity exaggerate the biological aspects of cross-cultural findings and blur their cultural dimensions?' 'What is the place of translation in cross-cultural studies?' and 'Does the standard format for conducting cross-cultural studies in psychiatry create a category fallacy?' Anthropology contributes to each of these concerns an insistence that the problem of cross-cultural validity be given the same attention as the question of reliability, that the concept of culture be operationalised as a research variable, and that cultural analysis be applied to psychiatry's own taxonomies and methods rather than just to indigenous illness beliefs of native populations. PMID- 3447660 TI - AIDS, tuberculosis and mycobacterioses. PMID- 3447662 TI - Detention of 'psychopathic disorder' patients in special hospitals. Critical issues. AB - The detention of offenders in the legal category 'psychopathic disorder' in special hospitals for treatment raises a number of critical issues. There are doubts about the nature of the disorder; what constitutes treatment; who is 'treatable'; the effectiveness of treatment; and whether evidence of psychological change implies reduced risk of reoffending. In view of these uncertainties, it is argued that indeterminate hospital orders may provide an unrealistic and unjust legal framework for treating 'psychopaths' in special hospitals, and the use of powers under the Mental Health Act to transfer such patients to hospital during the course of prison sentences is a more appropriate alternative. This provision could be used more frequently, subject to improved safeguards of the right of release at the expiry of sentence. PMID- 3447663 TI - The extent and nature of depressive phenomena in primary health care. A study in Calcutta, India. AB - The extent and factor structure of depressive phenomena were investigated in three primary health care clinics in the city of Calcutta. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Screening for Depression Questionnaire were used as the first-stage instruments, and the Clinical Interview Schedule and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression as the second-stage instruments. The implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 3447664 TI - Psychological intervention in civilian flying phobia. Evaluation and a three-year follow-up. AB - Thirty-eight people with a moderate to severe degree of aerophobia self-referred themselves to a course designed to help them travel by air. The course involved three long sessions based on giving information, graded exposure without avoidance, and group support with natural coping models. Measures of self reported anxiety levels were taken at regular intervals. The results showed that being given information or undergoing a simulated flight had little effect on perceived anxiety. Prolonged exposure to flying had a marked effect on reducing anxiety and anticipated apprehension about future flying. At one-year and three year follow-up, 40% and 60% of participants had flown commercially, although there was some minor restoration of anticipated anxiety associated with flying; 84% showed less anxiety about flying. Psychological intervention, in collaboration with airlines, may have marked benefits in reducing fear of flying. PMID- 3447665 TI - Winter-born v summer-born schizophrenics. AB - Data from two sources--the Edinburgh Psychiatric Case Register and the psychiatric inpatient records of the Scottish Health Service--were used to compare large populations of first-admission schizophrenics born in winter (January to March) and in summer (June to October). Parallel comparisons were carried out for affective psychoses. Comparison of the months of birth of the Scottish patients with those of the general population indicated that there was a 9% excess of schizophrenic births and a 3% excess of affective births in the first 3 months of the year. In the Edinburgh material, winter-born schizophrenics were more likely than the summer-born to receive a diagnosis of paranoid or schizoaffective schizophrenia and less likely to receive diagnoses other than schizophrenia on readmission, but neither of these differences emerged in the much larger Scottish material. There were no differences between winter- and summer-born schizophrenics in age of onset, sex ratio, or prognosis in either data set, nor were any significant differences found between winter- and summer born affectives. We have therefore failed to demonstrate any convincing differences between winter- and summer-born schizophrenics. PMID- 3447666 TI - P300 and CT scan in patients with chronic schizophrenia. AB - Twenty chronic male schizophrenic subjects aged 30-50 years were examined by an auditory event-related potential procedure for the evaluation of the P300 component, a CT scan and a neuropsychological test battery. The P300 latency was increased and its amplitude was reduced. CT scan measures showed lateral and third ventricle enlargement, and there was a global neuropsychological impairment. Poor neuropsychological performances were consistently associated with delayed P300 latencies, but not with CT scan measures. Ventricular enlargement was more pronounced among subjects with a negative family history for major psychiatric disorders. PMID- 3447667 TI - Selective decreases in MAO-B activity in post-mortem brains from schizophrenic patients with type II syndrome. AB - The activities of the A and B forms of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) have been assessed with the substrates 5-hydroxytryptamine and benzylamine respectively in seven areas of the brains of 39 patients with schizophrenia and 44 control subjects. Whereas previous studies have found the enzyme unchanged in brain in schizophrenia, in this study there was a modest but significant decrease in the activity of MAO-B in frontal and temporal cortices and in amygdala. This decrease could not be accounted for by neuroleptic medication, age, sex or post-mortem variables. In a series of 22 patients who had been assessed in life, the reduction in MAO-B activity was found to be associated specifically with the presence of negative symptoms (flattening of affect and paucity of speech). The findings are therefore consistent with other evidence for structural and neurochemical change in the temporal lobe that have been associated with the type II (defect state) syndrome of schizophrenia. The change in enzyme activity is unlikely to be related to a change in monoamine metabolism but may reflect a disturbance in glial function. The change in MAO-B activity in brain in this study is confined to particular areas of brain and a subgroup of patients; it is thought to be entirely unrelated to earlier reports of reductions of enzyme activity in platelets, which are probably attributable to prolonged neuroleptic medication. PMID- 3447668 TI - A comparison of scales for assessing rehabilitation patients. AB - Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic patients were assessed by the Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale, the Krawiecka Scale, and the Social Adjustment Scale by Self-Report. Inter-rater correlations suggest that the MRSS can be used by a rater with little previous knowledge of the patient. Between-scale correlations suggest the three scales assess somewhat different dimensions. A standard approach to rehabilitation assessment is suggested. PMID- 3447669 TI - Extent, timing and persistence of emotional disorders following childbirth. AB - A three-stage community survey of a representative group of Southampton mothers was carried out. A semi-structured psychiatric interview was administered at 3, 9 and 15 months post-partum. The results of these interviews are presented and used to assess the extent and timing of psychiatric disorders arising in this period. In contrast to previous studies, it was found that the highest incidence of new cases, variously defined, occurred between the third and ninth month post-partum and not immediately following childbirth. These results are discussed in the context of previous studies using the same definition of caseness. PMID- 3447670 TI - Familial aspects of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. AB - The first-degree relatives of 50 obsessive-compulsive patients and those of matched controls completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI). Relatives who were identified as possible 'cases' by their high GHQ scores, or by their own or informant relatives' reports, were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Index relatives had a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of mental illness (36%) than had those of controls (17%), due mainly to an excess of depressive and neurotic disorders. However, only one relative from each group was diagnosed as having definite obsessive-compulsive neurosis. In addition, the LOI scores were similar for the index and control relatives. PMID- 3447671 TI - Suicide following parasuicide in Singapore. AB - Suicide was attempted by 1641 people (502 males and 1139 females) in Singapore during 1980. Eleven of these committed suicide during the following three years, giving a suicide rate of 0.67%. Of the eleven suicides, five had schizophrenia and three depression. The risk of suicide in the year following attempted suicide is lower in Singapore (0.5%) than in Britain (1.6%). High risk factors for the Singapore patients were being Chinese, being male, and having a mental illness. PMID- 3447672 TI - Can psychiatric nurses 'catch' schizophrenia? AB - The incidence of schizophrenia among psychiatric and general trained nurses was investigated for the period 1955-1979 in Northern Ireland. No difference was found. These results do not support the hypothesis of schizophrenia as a horizontally transmitted infectious disease. PMID- 3447673 TI - Paranoid psychoses after abuse of proprietary cold remedies. AB - It is well established that psychosis may arise in the context of the abuse of certain prescribed or illicit drugs. Two cases of paranoid psychosis are described in which proprietary preparations containing amphetamine-like drugs were abused. The role of these drugs is discussed with reference to previous case reports, and it is emphasised that initial clinical assessment and urinary screening for drugs may fail to reveal the relevant history with respect to proprietary medicines. PMID- 3447674 TI - Encephalitis lethargica, a contemporary cause of catatonic stupor. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of catatonic stupor are described due to presumed encephalitis lethargica. Catatonic and obsessional phenomena in the setting of a depressive psychosis associated with a movement disorder may constitute a post-encephalitic syndrome. PMID- 3447675 TI - A case of affective psychosis following bereavement in a mentally handicapped woman. AB - Mentally handicapped people are increasingly being subjected to the stresses of everyday life, and bereavement represents a particularly potent stress. This report considers the case of a mentally handicapped woman whose difficulty in mourning and expressing and sharing grief had a profound effect on her recovery from bereavement and led to her developing an affective psychosis. PMID- 3447676 TI - Short-cycle manic-depressive psychosis in a mentally handicapped child without family history. A case report. AB - Diagnosis of classic psychiatric illness in mentally handicapped individuals remains difficult. Manic-depressive illness has previously been reported in both pre-pubertal and pubertal children with a mental handicap and with a family history. This paper reports a case of manic-depressive psychosis in childhood, with no family history, short-cycle mood swings and good response to lithium therapy. PMID- 3447677 TI - Neurosyphilis--a treatable psychosis. AB - A patient presenting with mixed affective symptoms was found to have active neurosyphilis after intermittent cognitive impairment suggested an organic cause. Most of these symptoms resolved after treatment with penicillin. PMID- 3447679 TI - Electrodermal response as a monitor in ECT. PMID- 3447678 TI - Mania following head injury. PMID- 3447680 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome or lithium neurotoxicity? PMID- 3447681 TI - Tuberous sclerosis and autistic syndrome. PMID- 3447682 TI - Delusional parasitosis. PMID- 3447683 TI - Lucid intervals in catatonia: a neuropsychiatric snare for the unwary. PMID- 3447684 TI - 'Barking mad'. PMID- 3447685 TI - Oxymethalone and aggression. PMID- 3447686 TI - No fault compensation for accidental injury. PMID- 3447687 TI - Diabetes mellitus and mental handicap--a preliminary report. PMID- 3447688 TI - [Causes of death in France from 1925 to 1978. Reconstitution of coherent statistical series]. PMID- 3447689 TI - [From the regulation to partnerism]. PMID- 3447690 TI - [The mortality of physicians]. PMID- 3447691 TI - A study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in northwestern Alberta. AB - Swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during May to June of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. Bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were Escherichia, Citrobacter, Hafnia, Proteus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, and Gluconobacter/Acetobacter were also isolated but at lower frequencies (less than 5%). Comparison of bacterial generic composition using similarity quotient values showed no appreciable differences between grizzly and black bear flora. Also, no outstanding differences in bacterial generic composition were observed among grizzly bear samples; however, differences were noted among black bear samples. Fungal genera most commonly encountered included Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Sporobolomyces, and Candida. In general, the microflora of both bear types were marked by generic diversity and random distribution. The majority of microorganisms isolated from the plant samples in the study area were also found in bear samples. This observation and the presence of certain water and soil bacteria in samples from bears suggest that the predominant microflora of both grizzly and black bears were transient and probably influenced by their foraging habits and surrounding environments. PMID- 3447693 TI - [Proceedings of the 48th national congress of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Rome, 15-19 December 1987]. PMID- 3447692 TI - Conversion of viridin to viridiol by viridin-producing fungi. AB - The fungistatic compound viridin, produced by the fungus Gliocladium virens, was found to be irreversibly reduced to the phytotoxin viridiol in liquid culture. Conversion occurred only in the presence of viridin-producing fungi and was subsequent to viridin production. Radiolabelled viridin was rapidly taken up by the mycelium of G. virens and reduced to radiolabelled viridiol, while labelled viridiol was not taken up to any significant extent by the mycelium. Reduction of viridin to viridiol was independent of culture pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source or quantity. A simple production system consisting of peat moss amended with dextrose and calcium nitrate and inoculated with G. virens supported production of 86 micrograms viridiol/g peat. This production system, when applied to soil, may have value as a herbicide. PMID- 3447694 TI - [Traditional vasodilators in heart failure]. PMID- 3447695 TI - [Comparative protective effect of gallopamil in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion]. PMID- 3447697 TI - [Profile of the hemodynamic effect of gallopamil at rest and during exercise by angiocardio-scintigraphic studies: preliminary data]. PMID- 3447696 TI - [Correlation between the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of gallopamil]. PMID- 3447698 TI - [Experience with gallopamil in the treatment of exertional ischemia and in post infarction]. PMID- 3447699 TI - [Clinical experience with gallopamil in resting and exertional angina]. PMID- 3447700 TI - Are all anti-anginal agents the same? Comparative evaluation of seven calcium channel blockers with placebo and propranolol in patients with chronic stable angina. PMID- 3447702 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 3447701 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a new slow-release isosorbide-5 mononitrate system]. PMID- 3447703 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate in exertional angina with stable threshold]. PMID- 3447704 TI - [Clinical use of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3447705 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the physiopathologic aspects of myocardial contraction in ischemic cardiopathy, in basal conditions and following provocation tests]. PMID- 3447707 TI - [Impedance plethysmography: value and limitations]. PMID- 3447708 TI - [When is the invasive diagnosis necessary in congenital cardiopathies?]. PMID- 3447706 TI - [Conductance in coronary vasodilation]. PMID- 3447709 TI - [Comparison and validation of echo-Doppler studies and hemodynamic studies in valvular cardiopathies]. PMID- 3447710 TI - [The hemodynamics laboratory: definition and operative characteristics]. PMID- 3447711 TI - [Current status of hemodynamic studies in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 3447712 TI - [Usefulness and limitations of endomyocardial biopsy]. PMID- 3447714 TI - [Proceedings of the 48th national meeting of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Rome, 15-19 December 1987]. PMID- 3447713 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy in the course of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3447715 TI - [Ergometric test]. PMID- 3447716 TI - [Neuroendocrine and metabolic aspects of heart failure]. PMID- 3447717 TI - Identification and characterization of dopamine receptors in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3447718 TI - [Electrophysiological study in atrioventricular conduction disorders]. PMID- 3447719 TI - [From clinical medicine to electrophysiology. The case of the long QT syndrome]. PMID- 3447720 TI - Comparative usefulness of cardiac imaging methods: the increasing role of cardiac ultrasound. PMID- 3447721 TI - [Technic for ligation of the hypogastric artery]. PMID- 3447722 TI - [Long-term follow-up of a decrease in HCG after mini-abortion]. PMID- 3447723 TI - [Urine retention after gynecologic operations and the effect of relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles]. PMID- 3447724 TI - [Experience with screening for carcinoma of the uterine cervix and the possibilities for its optimal detection]. PMID- 3447725 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3447726 TI - [Sexual dysfunction as a cause of infertile marriage]. PMID- 3447727 TI - [Classification, diagnosis and therapeutic approach in so-called precancerous conditions of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3447728 TI - [CT diagnosis of gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 3447729 TI - [Women and diving]. PMID- 3447730 TI - [Imidazole antimycotics inhibit testosterone synthesis]. PMID- 3447731 TI - [Analysis of childlessness as a method of assessing sterile marriages in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3447732 TI - [Artificial insemination with donor semen and problems appearing after legislation on it]. PMID- 3447733 TI - Further evidence for the alternative pathway of trehalose synthesis linked to maltose utilization in Saccharomyces. AB - Yeast strains bearing a deficiency in trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity are unable to accumulate trehalose on any carbon source unless they contain one of the MAL genes. If the gene is inducible then synthesis of trehalose occurs specifically during growth on maltose: when the MAL gene is constitutive then trehalose accumulation can also be seen when cells are grown on glucose. Different systems for trehalose synthesis were suggested: one of them would require the UDPG-linked trehalose synthase whereas the second would utilize an alternative pathway. We proposed a mechanism by which the gene-product of a MAL gene would serve as a common positive regulator for the expression of the genes coding for maltose permease, alpha-glucosidase and some component of the trehalose accumulation system. In order to elucidate this novel pathway a strain lacking UDPG-linked trehalose synthase activity and harboring a defect in maltose uptake was constructed. Excessive maltose uptake resulted in accumulation of intracellular maltose, and twice as much trehalose as in a control strain. Partial inhibition of hexokinase by xylose affected the ratio between internal maltose and trehalose and significantly reduced glycogen synthesis. Sodium fluoride also blocked glycogen synthesis but allowed for trehalose accumulation. Moreover, a mutant which lacks hexokinase I and II was unable to accumulate trehalose when grown on glucose in spite of the presence of a constitutive MAL2 gene. These results suggest that trehalose synthesis would require G-6-P formation derived from maltose. Such a deviation would allow for slowing down the glycolytic flux which, in turn, would favour efficient maltose utilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447735 TI - A method for the selection of mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus defective in germination. AB - A simple method for the physical separation of dormant and germinated cells of Phycomyces blakesleeanus has been designed. Separation was attained by isopycnic centrifugation in a preformed discontinuous density gradient of Urografin. In this gradient, dormant spores and active cells at two different stages of germination were separated in three homogeneous and clearly distinct bands. The method has been used to follow the kinetics of the variation of cellular density during germination of wild type spores and to select for mutants temperature sensitive for heat-shock induced germination. Sixty-nine mutants have been isolated by various procedures which include a separation step in the described Urografin gradient. PMID- 3447734 TI - Evidence for autonomous replication and stabilization of recombinant plasmids in the transformants of yeast Hansenula polymorpha. AB - For the transformation of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha we have constructed a set of hybrid plasmids carrying the LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a selective marker and fragments of mitochondrial DNA of Candida utilis and H. polymorpha or chromosomal DNA fragments of H. polymorpha as replicator sequences. The replication properties of chimeric plasmids in the yeast H. polymorpha were investigated. We showed that for plasmids propagated autonomously in this yeast the plasmid monomers could be detected in the transformants only during the immediate time after the transformation event. Further growth under selective conditions led to the selection of polymeric forms of plasmid DNA as it was clearly shown for transformants carrying cosmid pL2 with mtDNA fragment of C. utilis. Such transformants carrying polymerized plasmids showed a remarkably increased stability of the transformed phenotype. Cosmid pL2 was able to shuttle between Escherichia coli, S. cerevisiae and H. polymorpha, whereas plasmids with DNA fragments from H. polymorpha did not transform S. cerevisiae effectively. PMID- 3447736 TI - Characterization of Phycomyces blakesleeanus mutants temperature-sensitive for heat-shock induced germination. AB - Sixty-nine mutants of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus, temperature-sensitive for heat-shock induced germination, have been characterized. All of them show a low viability at 26 degrees C and normal viability at 16 degrees C. Eleven mutants recover the wild type phenotype if yeast extract is added to the minimal medium; the mutant phenotype of eight of these mutants is also suppressed by the addition of putrescine or other polyamines. The majority of the mutants are affected very early in germination. Spontaneous, heat-shock and acetate induced germination are not equally impaired by some of the mutations, so specific and independent steps seem to be involved in part of the activation mechanism of germination. PMID- 3447737 TI - The subunit I of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase from Cephalosporium acremonium: the evolution of a mitochondrial gene. AB - A Cephalosporium acremonium mitochondrial gene equivalent to human URF1 has been identified. The primary structure of the protein is highly homologous to its human (39%) and A. nidulans (66%) counterparts. Hydrophobicity profiles and predicted secondary structures are also very similar suggesting that this gene codes for the subunit I of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. The nucleotide sequence of the gene, 70% homologous to the A. nidulans one, presents a high AT content (72%) and this fact is reflected in the codon usage. PMID- 3447738 TI - Plasmids of mitochondrial origin in senescent mycelia of Podospora curvicolla. AB - Podospora curvicolla displays symptoms of senescence similar but not quite identical to those reported for Podospora anserina. In Podospora curvicolla single hyphae may escape from death leading to a new growth front and consequently to a mode of growth characterized by alternating phases of growth and non-growth. Restriction analyses and hybridization experiments have revealed that the Podospora curvicolla type of senescence is correlated with plasmids originating from amplification of a single distinct region of the mitochondrial DNA containing the 1rRNA gene. In the yeast transformation system sequences of this region may function as autonomously replicating sequences (ARS). Plasmids (pl1, pl2 and pl3) isolated from different, independently aged mycelia are largely homologous to each other but differ in their excision/junction sites and have different sizes: 10.85 kb (p11), 9.01 kb (pl2) and 10.50 kb (pl3). The sequence of the most frequently occurring plasmid in ageing strains of Podospora anserina is absent in Podospora curvicolla either as free plasmid DNA or as an integrated part of the mtDNA. Possibly there is a correlation between the absence of this particular sequence in Podospora curvicolla and the type of senescence displayed in this organism. PMID- 3447739 TI - Positive screening and transformation of ura5 mutants in the fungus Podospora anserina: characterization of the transformants. AB - To develop a transformation system in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina we have selected ura5 mutants deficient in orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase using a positive screening. These mutants could be transformed to prototrophy by an hybrid vector carrying the ura5 gene of this organism. The properties of the transformants have been analysed. In most cases integration of the transforming vector occurred outside the ura5 locus and frequently repeated tandem copies of the vector were found. Reversion of the transformants could also be selected and we found that it can occur by exact or only partial excision of the integrated vector. PMID- 3447740 TI - Prokaryotic promoters in the chloroplast DNA replication origin of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, one displacement loop region which initiates the replication of chloroplast DNA was located on a 1.05 kb restriction fragment. This fragment was cloned and sequenced. In this report, the galK expression plasmid, pKO1 was used to screen for the presence of any prokaryotic promoter within the cloned fragment. The insertion of 2 AluI fragments yielded galK+ colonies. Sequence analyses of these AluI inserts revealed prokaryotic promoter consensus regions. Cloning into pKOTWI and subsequent DNA sequencing were used to determine the promoter-active orientation of each insert. Two back-to-back prokaryotic promoters were mapped on a 79 bp AluI fragment located within the displacement loop region. PMID- 3447741 TI - The watermelon mitochondrial URF-1 gene: evidence for a complex structure. AB - We have cloned and sequenced a fragment of watermelon mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which contains a gene homologous to mitochondrial URF-1 (Unidentified Reading Frame-1) of vertebrates, Drosophila yakuba and Aspergillus nidulans. URF-1 is thought to encode a component of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase. Two coding regions in the watermelon gene are separated by approximately 1,450 bp of untranslatable DNA. These two exons encode the central portions of URF-1, and are highly conserved. We postulate that three additional exons, selected by their map location and amino acid homology to other URF-1 sequences, encode the remainder of the polypeptide. This is the first description of a plant mitochondrial gene with multiple introns. PMID- 3447742 TI - Induction of heterothallic strains and their genetic and physiological characterization in a homothallic strain of the yeast Saccharomyces exiguus. AB - We isolated heterothallic strains from a homothallic strain of S. exiguus by mutagenization with UV or ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS). A gene, not linked to the mating-type locus, was found to control homothallism in the yeast, as in S. cerevisiae. alpha Pheromone of S. exiguus (alpha se pheromone) induced formation of large pear-shaped cells (shmooing) in alpha strains of S. exiguus, S. cerevisiae, and S. kluyveri, and sexual agglutinability of an inducible alpha strain of S. cerevisiae. alpha se Pheromone is a peptidyl substance a little different from alpha pheromone of S. cerevisiae. alpha Pheromone of S. exiguus acts only on alpha cells of S. exiguus. Contrary to the above results, neither sexual agglutination nor zygote formation occurred among these three Saccharomyces yeasts. PMID- 3447743 TI - Structural organization of the genome of the zygomycete Absidia glauca: evidence for high repetitive DNA content. AB - Total cell DNA of Absidia glauca has a GC-content of 44.6% +/- 0.5% as determined from optical melting profiles which is in good accordance with values from equilibrium centrifugation in bisbenzimide containing CsCl gradients (46.2% +/- 1.1%), whereas mitochondrial DNA has a GC-content of only 30%. The genome size of Absidia glauca is approximately 36,000 kb, 8.6 times that of Escherichia coli. Three kinetically different fractions could be identified in reassociation experiments: a foldback-DNA fraction, comprising approximately 10% of the total DNA, repetitive DNA (25%) and single copy DNA (65%). This relatively high amount of repetitive DNA could partly be ascribed to ribosomal DNA (13%) and a new interspersed repetitive element ("rAg1") which has been cloned in pBR325. PMID- 3447744 TI - Isolation of the DNA sequence coding indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase of Schizophyllum commune. AB - A Schizophyllum gene library was made in plasmid pRK9. Plasmids from this library were tested for their ability to complement several auxotrophic mutations of Escherichia coli. The goal was to isolate a Schizophyllum auxotrophic gene that could be used to transform a corresponding Schizophyllum auxotrophic mutant to prototrophy. Complementation was observed only for E. coli trpC indole 3-glycerol phosphate synthetase (IGPS) and phosphoribosyl-anthranilate isomerase (PRAI) mutations. Plasmids with a Schizophyllum sequence coding for both IGPS and PRAI activities were recovered from E. coli transformants. Expression of the Schizophyllum gene (TRP1) in E. coli is probably dependent on the Serratia marcescens promoter of plasmid pRK9. The DNA sequence containing the Schizophyllum TRP1 gene was not obviously rearranged in cloning. PMID- 3447745 TI - Heterogeneity of circular mitochondrial DNA molecules from sugar beet with normal and male sterile cytoplasms. AB - Mitochondrial (mt) DNAs from normal (N) and male sterile (S) cytoplasms of sugar beet have been isolated and investigated by electron microscopy. The results showed that mtDNA was composed of a heterogeneous population of circular molecules. Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet. On the other hand, N and S cytoplasms were shown to contain their own characteristic combinations of small circular mtDNA species with lengths between 0.28 micron and 0.6 micron. Mitochondrial DNAs from various sources of male sterile cytoplasms were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of cytoplasmic variation. Additional low molecular weight DNA bands appeared in all male-sterile lines examined, and as a result, three distinctive banding patterns were recognized. These data are in general agreement with those based upon restriction endonuclease digestion of mt and chloroplast DNAs and the genetic analysis of fertility restoration in test crosses. PMID- 3447746 TI - Spontaneous haploidization in early zygote progeny and its use for mapping in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. AB - By means of spontaneous haploidization immediately after conjugation, it is possible to map genes in Y. lipolytica. The already known linkages argA--leuA and metA--lysA were confirmed by means of this method. The mating type locus (MAT) is located on the same chromosome as argA--leuA. PMID- 3447747 TI - Acid phosphatase deficient mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are defective in tyrosine uptake. AB - The uptake of tyrosine and arginine into wild type and acid phosphatase deficient mutants (pho 1) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was investigated. All 11 pho 1 alleles tested exhibited a reduced tyrosine uptake and impaired uptake cosegregated with the lack of acid phosphatase activity. Kinetic analyses using wild type cells grown in high phosphate medium (acid phosphatase repressed) and low phosphate medium (acid phosphatase derepressed) showed staturation kinetics for tyrosine with a KM of about 2 x 10(-4) M for both media and a V of about 5 nmol min-1 mg-1 and 2 nmol min-1 mg-1 for derepressed and repressed cells respectively. The pho 1-118 strain completely lacked this saturable uptake system for tyrosine. Preliminary evidence suggests that tyrosine uptake may be via a general amino acid permease system and we conclude that mutations in the structural gene of acid phosphatase which abolish enzyme activity lead to a loss of this uptake system. In contrast to tyrosine, arginine uptake seems not to be significantly affected either by different acid phosphatase levels in wild type cells or by the pho 1-118 mutation. PMID- 3447748 TI - Characterization of the gene urf13-T and an unidentified reading frame, ORF 25, in maize and tobacco mitochondria. AB - We have previously identified two large open reading frames, designated ORF13 and ORF25, in the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T) of maize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). ORF13 is a single copy gene of chimeric origin that is uniquely transcribed and translated in the mitochondria of cms-T maize, where it produces a polypeptide of approximately 13,000 Mr. The ORF13 reading frame does not occur in the maize N, C or S cytoplasms or Nicotiana tabacum. ORF25 exists as a single copy and is transcribed in the four major maize cytoplasms (N, T, C and S) and N. tabacum. The predicted ORF25 polypeptide has a molecular weight of 24,374 in normal maize and 22,439 in tobacco. Several nucleotide and predicted amino acid changes have occurred in the ORF25 gene among the four maize cytoplasms and N. tabacum. Properties such as transcription and conservation of the sequence between two diverse species suggests that ORF25 encodes a functional plant mitochondrial gene. The ORF25 sequence of maize contains a chloroplast DNA insert homologous to a tRNA-Arg gene; this chloroplast DNA insert is absent in the tobacco ORF25 sequence. Comparison of the ORF25 and ORF13 sequences in restored and non-restored cms-T indicates no differences in their nucleotide sequences. Thus fertility restoration does not alter the primary sequences of ORF13 or ORF25. PMID- 3447749 TI - Nicholas Attygalle oration, 1986. The role of surgery in the management of thoraco-lumbar spinal injuries. PMID- 3447750 TI - Prevalence of hypertension in Sri Lanka--a large population study in the Central Province. PMID- 3447751 TI - Flubendazole in the treatment of soil transmitted helminths. PMID- 3447752 TI - Surgery within the parotid salivary gland. PMID- 3447753 TI - Multiple myeloma in a child. PMID- 3447754 TI - Multiple lentigenes syndrome--a case report. PMID- 3447755 TI - [Comparison of the effects of tonifying kidney and invigorating spleen regimen in delaying aging changes]. PMID- 3447756 TI - [Prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal ABO hemolytic disease by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 3447757 TI - [Use of qi-replenishing and stasis-removing herbs in treating patients with heart failure of qi deficiency and blood stasis type]. PMID- 3447758 TI - [Influence of changshouling on immune functions in atherosclerosis patients]. PMID- 3447759 TI - [Effect of pearl layer powder on lipid peroxides and lipids in coronary disease patients]. PMID- 3447760 TI - [Effect of retention enema of da cheng qi tang after gyneco-obstetrical abdominal operation]. PMID- 3447761 TI - [Effects of qixue injection on heart oxygen consumption and 2,3-DPG in RBC]. PMID- 3447763 TI - [Memory facilitation induced by Panax ginseng and pseudoginseng in mice]. PMID- 3447762 TI - [Dihydroxyacetophenone and dihydroxyphenyllactic acid increased blood flow in rat liver microcirculation]. PMID- 3447764 TI - [Prevention and treatment of neonatal Staphylococcus aureus infection by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 3447765 TI - [Results of intermittent catheterization in neurogenic bladder in children and adolescents. 165 cases from 1976 to 1986]. AB - Intermittent clean catheterization (CIC) has been proposed in 1975 for treatment of neurogenic bladder in children and tean-agers. We report herein the results of our experience from 1976 to 1986 with this method in a large number of patients with bladder dysfunction. 165 patients were included in this study (111 girls and 54 boys). 9 patients were lost for follow-up. Myelomeningocele was the cause of the neurogenic bladder in 132 cases. The effects on continence, upper tracts, and urinary tract infection are studied. Incontinence was managed by CIC in all 156 patients, with CIC alone (40 patients) or in association with oxybutynin (21 patients), enterocystoplasty, (20 patients), one method of increasing peripheral resistances (i.e. urethral lengthening, (8 patients), abdominal transposition of the urethra) (2 patients]. 40 very young children remain incontinent, 84 became continent; there were four technical failures, and an other method was used in 28 patients. Status of the upper urinary tracts was determined by IVP and cystography in 156 patients. IVP was normal in 123 cases (there was no change in 95%), and abnormal in 33 cases (there was improvement in 28 cases or no change in 3 cases). These data confirm those found in our previous study: this technique appears simple, harmless and effective for protection of the upper urinary tract and for control of urinary incontinence. PMID- 3447766 TI - [The average duration of nocturnal reflux in the prognosis of respiratory problems associated with gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - Choice of therapeutic approach remains difficult in patients with gastro oesophageal reflux and respiratory symptoms. Except in children in whom microaspiration has been demonstrated it is very difficult to predict which ones are going to be relieved from their respiratory disease after GER treatment. In 1981 Jolley and coll. found that the mean duration of nocturnal episodes of reflux (MDNR) in extended pH-metering excluding post-cibal hours could differentiate not only patients with and without respiratory manifestations, but also those in whom respiratory tract disease will disappear after GER treatment from those in whom this will be useless. Only some references on this topic have been published ever since. We have reviewed the charts and pH tracings of the 70 patients with respiratory disease and GER treated in our service aiming at assessing the real value of this parameter in our hands. Fifty-two cases could be evaluated: 41/52 were either improved or completely relieved from their respiratory manifestations (79%) where has the remaining 21% were unchanged by GER treatment. In the first group MDNR was 13.1 +/- 9.7 min and in the second one it was 6.3 +/- 4.6 (p less than 0.05). Our results confirm that MDNR is a valid parameter in order to make prognosis in this particular group of patients. PMID- 3447767 TI - [Splenic artery embolization in hematologic diseases in children]. AB - In the past four years or so splenectomy used in children with hematological defects, who showed hypersplenism has been replaced with partial arterial splenic embolization (Pase), in general, 2/3 of the lower spleen were embolized. Pase was performed after the selective catheterization of the splenic artery up to the hilum with local anesthesia. As an embolizing agent, with the first 2 patients a suspension of Gelaspon microparticles and absolute alcohol (90 degrees) was used, and with the others (7 patients with 9 embolizations) only absolute alcohol. The Pase indication was: congenital hemolytic anemia in 5 cases; thrombocytopenia in 3 cases (5 pase); portal hypertension by extra-hepatic blockage with secondary hypersplenism in one case where the endoscopic sclerosis of the esophageal varices had been done first, followed by Pase after weeks. The evolution after Pase was simple in 6 patients: fever, pain in the left hypochondrium, and moderate ileus for 2-3 days. In 3 cases the evolution was both complicated and difficult excessive Pase in the first 2 patients, that practically resulted in total splenectomy, and, in the other one, the growth of a big subcapsular hematoma with effusion that had to be eliminated through transparietal drainage, under echographic control and operated secondary for peritonitis. Hematologically, in all cases but one (1 failure) hypersplenism remission was obtained and the results are the same 1-3 years after Pase. Partial arterial splenic embolization can very well replace splenectomy in hematological defects manifested as hypersplenism. The use of absolute alcohol (90 degrees) as an excellent embolization agent has not been reported so far in children. PMID- 3447768 TI - [Arterial and neural pedicles of the anorectal region in the human embryo and fetus. Inductor role in normal and pathological development]. AB - To gain a better understanding of the development of ano-rectal malformations, a study of the arterial supply of the ano-rectal region was made in 26 human embryos and fetuses. The development of the ano-rectum was studied in 20 embryos, varying in length from 3 mm to 40 mm (Crown-Rump: 22-60 days), and 6 using Born's method reconstruction; 10 fetuses aged from 3 to 7-8 months were used for a topographic study of the ano-rectal region. 40 fetuses, the majority frozen after expulsion were injected immediately. The fetuses obtained were of ages corresponding to 12-39 weeks of amenorrhea. A staged histologic study after selective micropaque injections of the inferior mesenteric artery was carried out to demonstrate the arterial parietal distribution in the ano-rectum. Smith silver impregnation method, emphasizes the connections between the rectal arteries and extrinsic and intrinsic nerves. The subdivision of the cloaca is constituted by the folding of the ano-rectal and uro-genital parts and by the thickening of the dorsal cloacal epithelium, explained perhaps by the precocious development of arterial supply. The superior rectal artery is predominant and supplies the whole of the anorectum, eventually penetrating the wall of the anal canal. The well developed median sacral artery is surrounded by a nervous tissue which reaches the M. Levator Ani. The sympathetic nerve fibers follow the arteries until the submucous layer. The development of the intramural plexus of the rectum is independent of the arterial supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447769 TI - [Conservative therapy in genitourinary rhabdomyosarcomas in children]. AB - Fifteen children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate or vagina treated by combined chemotherapy radiotherapy and surgery, are reported. Eleven were submitted to preoperative chemotherapy. Ten children are alive with a follow up of 7 month to 16.2 years after treatment. All five deceased patients were boys. Nine children were submitted to a conservative approach of the lesions; 8 of there ar alive, 3 of which with sequelae. Four boys were treated with total cystectomy and one girl had a colpohysterectomy: 2 of these children also have sequelae. The point of this report is to underline the possibility of a conservative surgical approach when possible, especially in cases where tumor reduction is obtained by preoperative chemotherapy and completed by local irradiation when necessary. The late sequelae of these treatment modalities are also analysed. PMID- 3447770 TI - [Gastrointestinal perforations in neonatal surgery]. AB - From 1970 until 1987 we treated 69 newborns with gastro-intestinal perforations. Immediate measures in form of laparotomy were undoubtedly necessary. Regarding our casuistic the authors present the clinical findings, necessary preoperative diagnostic measures and intra-operative and postoperative treatment. The localisation and the origin of the perforation are pointed out. The most frequent localisation was the small bowel (58%), followed by the colon (35%). Etiologically we found extensive NEC, atresias, meconium ileus and Hirschsprung's disease. In 4 cases iatrogenic rectum perforations, in 3 cases spontaneous gastric and duodenal perforations and twice an appendicular perforation were seen. Our operative procedure depends on the localisation, the degree of peritonitis, on intestinal necrosis and trophic alterations of the gut following ileus. In spite of intensive care, the mortality rate is still very high indicated with 33%. Furthermore more than half premature newborns died (18 out of 33). Based on these facts we propose quick diagnostic measures, interdisciplinary cooperation, an emergency operation followed by intensive care to ameliorate the results. Nevertheless we must keep in mind that newborns, who some years ago were condemned to die, nowadays can be operated, thus changing the mortality of gastro intestinal perforations. PMID- 3447771 TI - [Choleperitoneum due to rupture of the intrahepatic bile ducts caused by a closed injury of the abdomen. Apropos of 2 pediatric cases]. AB - Two cases of biliary peritonitis due to intra hepatic bile duct rupture are reported. The first occurred in a seven year old girl with a right lateral hepatic duct. Outcome was favorable spontaneously after simple surgical drainage. The second was observed in a seven year old boy with rupture of the origin of the left hepatic duct under the falciformis. The recovery was complete after left lobectomy. Diagnosis is difficult. Sonography and CT scan were not diagnostic in the second case. Precise diagnosis and treatment require a laparotomy. These lesions resemble extrahepatic bile duct lesions which are, only exceptionally observed in children. PMID- 3447773 TI - [Terminal chronic renal insufficiency in 1987. Preventive measures]. PMID- 3447772 TI - [Isolated rupture of the choledochus in closed injury of the abdomen in children]. AB - A 3 1/2 year old child presented with an isolated rupture of common bile duct from a closed abdominal injury. Findings in this case, and a literature review involving 15 cases, demonstrate the rare nature of this lesion in children, the frequent delay in diagnosis after the initial period of shock, diagnostic features being the mucocutaneous jaundice, discolored stools and poor general condition, and the use of either direct suture of intestinal by pass operation to repair lesion. Prolonged surveillance is necessary because of the risk of delayed stenosis of the anastomoses. PMID- 3447774 TI - [Interesting cases of odontoma]. PMID- 3447775 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 3447776 TI - [Role of respiration in the energy metabolism of Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 3447777 TI - [Studies on deltamethrin in the control of peri-wild Phlebotomus chinensis]. PMID- 3447778 TI - [Effects of cyclophosphamide on the development of exo-erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium yoelii in rats]. PMID- 3447779 TI - [Vectorial capacity of Anopheles lesteri anthropophagus in transmitting filariasis malayi in Leshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province]. PMID- 3447780 TI - [Establishment of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii-Anopheles stephensi-Macaca mulatta simian malaria model]. PMID- 3447781 TI - [A simple preliminary screening method for antimalarial drugs]. PMID- 3447782 TI - [Longevity and periodicity of microfilariae of Brugia malayi transfused to various strains of laboratory mice]. PMID- 3447783 TI - [Effects of praziquantel on the tegument of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum and host cell response]. PMID- 3447784 TI - [Studies on karyotype of Paragonimus westermani from Yueqing County, Zhejiang]. PMID- 3447785 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the metacercaria of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis]. PMID- 3447786 TI - A new technique for teaching retinoscopy. PMID- 3447787 TI - Endothelial changes in experimental corneal dehydration: the specular and scanning electron microscopy appearances. PMID- 3447788 TI - Clinical comparison of manual and automated keratometry in a geriatric population. PMID- 3447789 TI - And not a shot has been fired. PMID- 3447790 TI - PMMA and corneal endothelium. PMID- 3447791 TI - Haemodynamic and metabolic responses of laboratory rabbits to near-maximal treadmill exercise. AB - 1. The haemodynamic and metabolic responses of four laboratory rabbits to horizontal treadmill exercise at 8, 12, 16 and 20 m/min were studied. The primary haemodynamic variables measured were heart rate, cardiac output and arterial pressure. The metabolic variables measured were arteriovenous oxygen difference, whole-body oxygen consumption and central venous plasma lactate concentration. 2. Only at 8 m/min did the haemodynamic and metabolic variables reach an approximate steady state. This was the greatest speed at which aerobic exercise could be sustained for 4 min in all rabbits. 3. As the speed of the treadmill was increased the rabbits showed signs of exhaustion after progressively shorter periods of exercise. Exhaustion was associated with steep rises in central venous plasma lactate concentration. Exhaustion was also usually associated with secondary rises in systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure, especially at 20 m/min. 4. The asymptotic (maximal) values for heart rate, cardiac index and O2 consumption were 386 beats/min, 263 ml/kg per min and 21.7 ml/kg per min, respectively. heart do not permit it to run continuously at other than a slow rate. Exhaustion is associated with increasing oxygen debt and, especially at near-maximal rates of exercise, with intense vasoconstriction in as yet unidentified vascular beds. PMID- 3447793 TI - Perfusion with non-oxygenated Tyrode solution causes maximal coronary vasodilation in canine hearts. AB - 1. Coronary vasodilator effects of non-ischaemic hypoxia (perfusion with non oxygenated Tyrode solution) and ischaemic hypoxia (coronary occlusion) were compared. 2. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of six in situ canine hearts was perfused selectively at controlled pressure with normal arterial blood or with non-oxygenated Tyrode solution. LAD flow was measured continuously with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Reactive hyperaemic blood flow responses following 3 min Tyrode perfusion were compared with responses following 3 min complete coronary occlusion. 3. Control LAD blood flow was 26.9 +/- 4.6 ml/min. A 3 min period of Tyrode perfusion caused a peak reactive hyperaemic blood flow of 151 +/- 31 ml/min, which was not significantly different from that caused by 3 min occlusion, 123 +/- 17 ml/min. The duration and total volume of reactive hyperaemia flow following Tyrode perfusion were smaller than values following occlusion. 4. The present findings demonstrate that myocardial hypoxia per se is a sufficient vasodilatory stimulus to account for the peak reactive hyperaemic flow following 3 min occlusion, but that the prolonged reactive hyperaemic response depends on vasodilator metabolites which accumulate in ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 3447794 TI - [A case of neurogenic scapuloperoneal muscle atrophy with retinitis pigmentosa and neural deafness]. PMID- 3447796 TI - [Brain CT and MRI findings of a long-term case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 3447795 TI - [The progress in radiological technics and the changes in the concept of syringomyelia--an analysis of 17 admitted patients for 20 years]. PMID- 3447792 TI - Effects of cyclosporin A, gentamicin and furosemide on rat renal function: a lithium clearance study. AB - 1. This study applied clearance methods of inulin, lithium, potassium, sodium and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) for investigation of the effects of cyclosporin A (CyA), furosemide and gentamicin on rat (n = 92) renal function. The drugs were dosed for 2 weeks; CyA 12.5 mg/kg per day, gentamicin 32 mg/kg per day and furosemide 5 mg/kg per day. 2. The questions asked were: could these methods differentiate the effects of drugs with different sites of action, and would gentamicin or furosemide exaggerate the nephrotoxicity of CyA? 3. Furosemide increased sodium clearance (CNa) 74% and fractional sodium clearance (FENa) 105%, while fractional sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron (FDNR) was reduced, compared with placebo-treated controls. 4. Gentamicin reduced CPAH 29% and Cin 37%, while FENa increased 335%. Proximal fractional reabsorption (PFR) and absolute proximal reabsorption (APR) decreased. 5. CyA depressed CPAH 32% and lithium clearance (CLi) 56%, and increased PFR. 6. The effects of CyA and furosemide in reducing renal function were not additive. 7. CyA plus gentamicin reduced CPAH to 35% of the value in untreated controls, equal to 52% of the CPAH of CyA-treated rats; Cin was reduced to 46% of the Cin of CyA-treated rats. 8. Rats given CyA, furosemide and gentamicin had decreased Cin, CPAH and CLi compared with rats given either CyA plus furosemide or gentamicin plus furosemide. 9. Thus, in this investigation of drugs known to have different sites of actions, the differences in renal and tubular function were discernible with the lithium clearance method. 10. The nephrotoxicities of CyA and of gentamicin were additive, while furosemide did not aggravate CyA nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3447797 TI - [Spinal myoclonus synchronized with respiration]. PMID- 3447799 TI - [The cases with synkinesia after peripheral facial nerve palsy--reflex between trigeminal nerve and facial nerve]. PMID- 3447798 TI - [Familial cerebellar hemangioblastoma associated with renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3447800 TI - [Clinical study of familial spastic paraplegia]. PMID- 3447802 TI - [Should L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease be started early or late? Clinical course of the major tetrad in 122 Parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa over 14 years]. PMID- 3447801 TI - [Upgaze palsy and monocular paresis of downgaze caused by ipsilateral thalamo mesencephalic hemorrhage: a so-called vertical "one-and-a-half" syndrome]. PMID- 3447803 TI - [Nemaline myopathy diagnosed in an advanced age--report of a case]. PMID- 3447804 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic analysis of 12-nontraumatic unconscious patients with spindle pattern]. PMID- 3447805 TI - [Post-stroke depressive disorder and its relation to brain lesion]. PMID- 3447806 TI - [A case of chronic and cephalic tetanus]. PMID- 3447807 TI - [A case of acute idiopathic cranial polyneuritis with abnormal vasomotor reaction of the skin]. PMID- 3447809 TI - [Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration; a case study]. PMID- 3447808 TI - [An autopsied case of Crow-Fukase syndrome. A neuropathological study with emphasis on spinal roots]. PMID- 3447811 TI - Insulin infusion and serum potassium in normal subjects. AB - Two groups of healthy males of normal body mass index underwent hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp procedures during studies of insulin resistance. Insulin was infused for 2 consecutive 100 minute periods at 40 and 400 mU.m-2.min-1, plasma glucose being maintained by 20% dextrose infusion via a Biostator. One group received 20 mmol/l potassium chloride in the dextrose infusate, calculated to replace the extracellular potassium deficit due to the action of insulin on potassium flux. Despite this, serum potassium fell equally in both groups in response to each level of insulin infusion. PMID- 3447810 TI - Noradrenaline response to edrophonium (Tensilon) and its relation to other autonomic tests in diabetic subjects. AB - Noradrenaline responses following 10 mg intravenous edrophonium were assessed in 32 insulin-treated diabetic men, allocated to 4 groups according to their responses to 5 cardiovascular autonomic tests. The group with the most severe autonomic involvement had no rise in plasma noradrenaline, in contrast to the other 3 groups, whereas the heart rate fell in all 4 groups. There were significant correlations between individual noradrenaline responses, cardiovascular reflex tests, 24 hour heart rate variation and pupil cycle time, depending on whether predominantly parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways or both were involved. These results indicate that the noradrenaline response to edrophonium cannot be used as a test of early sympathetic dysfunction in diabetics; and that autonomic nervous system involvement occurs simultaneously in different body systems. PMID- 3447812 TI - Detection of insulin autoantibodies using an ELISA technique in first-degree relatives of IDDM patients and in autoimmune patients. AB - We have improved an ELISA technique for the detection of IgG and IgM class IAA demonstrating the sensitivity and the specificity of antigen-antibody reaction. In sera of 135 first degree relatives of IDDM patients and of 128 autoimmune patients "at risk" for IDDM either positive or negative for islet cell antibodies (ICA), the prevalence of IAA IgG/IgM in all groups studied was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than in controls, but the highest frequency of IAA was observed in the ICA-positive subjects. A similar association was also observed in complement-fixing ICA (CF-ICA) positive subjects. Future prospective studies will be necessary to establish the role of IAA as marker of B-cell damage. PMID- 3447813 TI - Bacterial flora of the cervix in women using an intrauterine device. AB - The cervical bacterial flora of 18 healthy, parous, sexually active women was analysed before, and 3-5 months after insertion of a copper-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) and after long-term use of an IUD for 3-5.5 years in another nine women. No significant differences were found in the number of aerobic bacteria isolated before or after IUD insertion or after long-term use of an IUD. In contrast to aerobic bacteria, significantly more anaerobes were isolated in the cervix of women having used an IUD for several years when compared to those using barrier contraception with a condom. None of the women had clinical signs of pelvic infection and a cervical bacterial flora rich in anaerobes can be regarded as a normal finding in healthy sexually active women using an IUD for contraception. PMID- 3447814 TI - Presence of ethynyl-estradiol (EE-2) in blood and endometrium after interrupting steroidal contraception for three months. AB - Serial studies were conducted in five women under norgestrel + EE-2 after interrupting 11-34 months of regular use of the medication. A venous blood and an endometrial sample were simultaneously obtained from each subject between the 22nd and 25th day of the pseudocycle (last month of contraception) and on the same days of the following three cycles under no treatment for the measurement of EE-2 content. Values during and after the first month of no medication were: plasma = 85 +/- 6 versus 218 +/- 36 (pg/ml; P less than 0.001) and endometrium = 93 +/- 10 versus 29 +/- 7 (ng/g wet tissue; P less than 0.001). A decrement of circulating EE-2 from 346 pg/ml in the first month with no medication to 14 pg/ml in the third month off the treatment was observed. The EE-2 endometrial uptake of 93 +/- 10 (last month of steroidal ingestion) decreased to 29 +/- 7, 7 +/- 2 and 4 +/- 0.9 ng/g wet tissue in the following three months of no treatment. In 3/15 instances after interrupting contraception, circulating EE-2 was below the detection limit of the assay, while endometrial EE-2 uptake was in the range of 3 19 ng/g wet tissue. These data confirm our apparent controversial report that EE 2 plasma levels increased during the first month after interrupting medication and support the presence of the exogenous estrogen in plasma and endometrium after interrupting the steroidal contraceptive for three months. PMID- 3447815 TI - Effect of Anordrin on serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin, caeruloplasmin and ovarian function. AB - Ten doses of 7.5 mg Anordrin were administered on alternate days from day 5 of the menstrual cycle to 20 women. Serum concentrations of both SHBG and CP were significantly increased after the fourth dose but the increases were minor compared to those produced by ethynyloestradiol. Two weeks after stopping Anordrin, serum concentrations of the proteins were still elevated in most women. Ovarian activity was studied in 8 women; serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations indicated that ovulation occurred at the normal time in three women but was delayed for two weeks or more in the remaining five. The findings suggest that in humans, Anordrin acts as a weak oestrogen and may also have antioestrogenic activity. PMID- 3447816 TI - The effect of RU486 on transport, development and implantation of mouse embryos. AB - Pregnancy was interrupted in Swiss-Rockefeller mice by a single subcutaneous injection of the antiprogesterone RU486 given postcoitally. A dose of 0.1 mg/animal injected on day 1, produced partial inhibition of pregnancy, a notable delay in embryonic development and a slight retention of embryos in the oviducts. When the same dose was injected on day 2, 3 or 4, no implantation sites were seen at autopsy performed on day 12 of pregnancy. Treatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/animal on day 1 produced the loss of a large proportion of the embryos from the genital tract by day 4 of pregnancy and suppressed implantation completely. These observations indicate that preimplantation phenomena in mice are highly dependent on progesterone action. PMID- 3447817 TI - Effect of gossypol on spermatozoal lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) in male rats. AB - The studies in this report evaluate the inhibitory effects of long-term gossypol acetic acid (gossypol) administration on spermatozoal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH X) activity, fertility and reversibility. Gossypol at 20 mg/kg/day or vehicle only was administered orally to adult male rats for 5 consecutive weeks. Groups of control and gossypol-treated rats were sacrificed at 2-, 4-, and 5-week intervals when LDH-X analysis of spermatozoa were prepared from the tail of the epididymis. An additional group of control and gossypol-treated rats were allowed to recover for up to 8 weeks after withdrawal of the treatment. In the gossypol treated rats, the spermatozoal LDH-X activity was depressed by 80% of control level after a 5-week treatment period. There was no significant difference in spermatozoal LDH-X activity between the control and treated animals at 2 and 4 weeks. However, the number of ejaculated sperm estimated from the vaginal smear preparations after each mating was significantly less than the control values after 2, 4 and 5 weeks of treatment. At 5 weeks after the cessation of gossypol treatment, the spermatozoal LDH-X activity had only partially recovered but the fertility (number of ejaculated sperm, embryo implantation sites and pups born) had recovered to a level comparable to the control values 5 weeks after the cessation of gossypol treatment. The inconsistencies in the response of spermatozoal LDH-X activity, sperm number and fertility to gossypol may suggest that the antifertility action of gossypol and spermatozoal LDH-X activity in adult male rats may not be directly related as suggested by the results generated from the in vitro studies. PMID- 3447818 TI - [The training of future orthopedic specialists]. PMID- 3447819 TI - [The Green-Grice operation in the surgical treatment of valgus flat foot]. PMID- 3447820 TI - [Anteposition of the tibial tuberosity in femoral-patellar arthrosis (4 to 7-year results)]. PMID- 3447821 TI - [Acetabular reinforcement in prosthetic surgery of the hip]. PMID- 3447822 TI - [Nailing with Rush nails in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 3447823 TI - [Fractures of the astragalus and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 3447825 TI - [Familial factors in so-called idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 3447824 TI - [Is the prevention of pulmonary embolism in orthopedics really possible?]. PMID- 3447826 TI - [Spontaneous course of idiopathic scoliosis. Review of 347 cases]. PMID- 3447827 TI - [Bursal degeneration of the serratus magnus muscle in a solitary exostosis of the scapula]. PMID- 3447828 TI - [Fibro-angio-lipomatous hamartoma: presentation of a case]. PMID- 3447829 TI - [Compression of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve caused by an isolated neurofibroma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3447830 TI - [A case of isolated monolateral fracture of the vertebral isthmus caused by a street accident]. PMID- 3447831 TI - [A case of isolated volar-ulnar dislocation of the base of the 5th metacarpus]. PMID- 3447833 TI - [Management and prevention of heart failure caused by pregnancy-induced hypertension, using vasodilators]. PMID- 3447832 TI - [Immunopathological study of the placenta of pregnancy-induced hypertension]. PMID- 3447834 TI - [Changes in bone density and serum E2 levels before and after menopause]. PMID- 3447835 TI - [Surgical treatment of advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma and recurrent carcinoma]. PMID- 3447836 TI - [Stage I and II carcinoma of the uterine cervix: histologic variables associated with lymph node metastasis and survival]. PMID- 3447837 TI - [Clinical efficacy and side effects of the 6 different timings of IUD insertions]. PMID- 3447838 TI - [Clinical trial of the Newcastle scale (N-I) in 115 depressive patients]. PMID- 3447839 TI - [A preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic criteria for manic-depressive disorders]. PMID- 3447840 TI - [Controlled study of insulin treatment, insulin treatment with chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine alone of schizophrenics]. PMID- 3447841 TI - [Clinical analysis of 40 cases with chronic pain in a psychiatric outpatient department]. PMID- 3447842 TI - [Transformation of the schizophrenic subtype in the last 20 years (1)]. PMID- 3447843 TI - [Mental disorder associated with Sheehan's syndrome: clinical and follow-up study of 25 cases]. PMID- 3447845 TI - [Sleep apnea and EEG monitoring]. PMID- 3447844 TI - [Clinical neuroelectrophysiological studies on chronic renal disease]. PMID- 3447846 TI - [Primary malignant intracranial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 3447847 TI - [Neurological manifestations of hypomagnesemia. Report of 8 cases]. PMID- 3447848 TI - Distance judgement in comitant strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. AB - Judgement of distances was evaluated in 19 patients with comitant esotropia and without appreciable stereopsis. In nine patients anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) was present at Bagolini's striated glasses. In the remaining patients there was suppression with the same test. Distance judgement of strabismics with ARC does not differ statistically from that one of normals. Significantly different results were found in strabismics with suppression. It is concluded that ARC is not only an anti-diplopic mechanism, but provides the patients with useful clues in their daily life. PMID- 3447849 TI - Analysis of the dosage controversy in recess-resect and Faden surgery with the Robinson computer model of eye movements. AB - In recess-resect surgery, the dosage depends on the preoperative angle of squint and on the ratio between squint-angle reduction and dosage that the surgeon has found in previous surgery. Recommendations pertaining to this ratio vary widely among authors. Some say a recession does more than a resection, while others believe the opposite is true. Finally, most find a lower ratio at smaller preoperative angles of squint. We investigated the matter, using our modified version of the Robinson computer model of eye movements. We calculated the amounts of surgery needed to reduce 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degree angles of squint to zero. The increase of the ratio at large angles of squint was indeed predicted by the model. The decrease at small angles of squint, however, was not predicted by the model. We found it impossible to model the decrease of the ratio at small preoperative angles of squint. The ratios for recess and resect surgery were approximately similar. We present an inventory of the possible causes of the discrepancies. In addition, we calculated the effects of Faden surgery and found that the predictions of the computer model correspond closely to reality. PMID- 3447850 TI - Intravitreal cupriferous foreign bodies: electroretinograms and inflammatory responses. AB - This is a report on the effects of various equally sized copper alloys implanted in the vitreous body of 52 Wistar rats. The main results are as follows: (1) The alloy of 99.9% copper with 0.1% silver (A) destroyed the electroretinogram (ERG) faster than specially purified copper (B). In contrast, copper-zinc alloys (C and D) affected the ERG more slowly than B. This effect is more obvious in alloys containing a large amount of zinc (D). (2) The degree of complication in the anterior segment (iridocyclitis, corneal opacity, hypopyon) and in the vitreous body (intensity and rate of opacity) depend essentially on the type of alloy. The frequency and extent of inflammatory responses decreased in the following order: alloy A, B, C and D. PMID- 3447851 TI - Surface area sized of intravitreal iron wires: their effects on the electroretinograms of rats. AB - The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded 20 times over a period of 360 days in 26 albino-rats with implanted intravitreal iron wires ranging in size between 0.15 and 1.2 mm2. RESULTS: (i) The a- and b-wave amplitudes decreased rapidly within one day after iron wire implantation. During the following week the amplitudes recovered to some extent. In the course of the next few months the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the eyes implanted with the largest iron wires (1.2 mm2) decreased steadily to about 20% by the end of the observation time, whereas in the groups containing smaller iron wires the electroretinographic changes were limited. (ii) Implantation of equally-sized glass splinters reduced the a- and b-wave amplitudes to 65-75% in comparison to the intact fellow eye. Fast recovery of both potentials to 83-93% followed within two weeks. The mean values of the a wave amplitudes reached nearly 100%, those of the b-wave 90-95% in the next month. PMID- 3447852 TI - Grease-gun injury of the orbit: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and treatment. AB - A 19-year-old male was referred because of a grease-gun injury of the left orbit, resulting in a 25 mm proptosis and marked decrease in vision. The clinical diagnosis of penetration of the retrobulbar fat space by the grease and the subsequent accurate drainage of the grease was made possible on the basis of high resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a result, lateral orbitotomy could be avoided. Eight months after the injury the visual acuity was fully recovered and the proptosis reduced to 2 mm. The visual field was relatively undisturbed. The specific value of CT and MRI for the management of this unusual trauma is briefly discussed. PMID- 3447853 TI - Electrophysiological evidence that early glaucoma affects foveal vision. AB - The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (PVEP) were recorded simultaneously using a 1.1 cpd pattern which was counterphase modulated at 1 Hz. The responses of ocular hypertensive (OHT) eyes (with normal visual fields) and eyes with early glaucoma (with early visual field defects and/or early cupping of the optic nervehead) were compared to age-matched normal observers. All patients (26 eyes) and normal observers (14 eyes) had normal transient flash electroretinograms. Delays were seen in mean PERG latency in both OHT and early glaucoma eyes, while mean PERG amplitude was significantly reduced only in the early glaucoma eyes. The PVEP responses were 'unmeasurable' in 11/26 patient eyes because the waveforms were grossly abnormal in shape, making it impossible to identify the N- and P-components. The data were categorized in this manner: a patient response was considered abnormal if latency or amplitude exceeded normal limits (PERG or PVEP) or if the waveform was 'unmeasurable' due to its shape (PVEP only). Of the 26 patient eyes, we found that 8 eyes had normal PERG and PVEP, 11 eyes had abnormal PERG and PVEP, one eye had an abnormal PERG and a normal PVEP, and 6 eyes (3 patients) had a normal PERG and an abnormal PVEP. These data support the proposition that foveal vision (as assessed by the PVEP) may be affected by early glaucomatous damage. The relationship between the PERG and PVEP also was evaluated using a new measurement which we call the 'latency window'. Using this measurement, 15/26 patient eyes were abnormal-9 of these had 'unmeasurable' PVEPs. This measurement could be useful in classifying 'W'-shaped PVEPs as normal or abnormal. PMID- 3447854 TI - [Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies ALT-01 and ALT-04 and identification of lung cancer-associated antigens]. AB - Two IgG1 type monoclonal antibodies ALT-01 and ALT-04 were prepared by two different immunization schedules. ALT-01 was generated by fusing murine myeloma NS-1 cells with splenocytes from a BALB/c mouse immunized by human lung squamous carcinoma cells, which were coated by antisera to mixed human lymphocytes. For preparation of ALT-04, human lung squamous carcinoma xenograft-bearing nude mice were injected I. P. with the spleen cells of normal BALB/c mice in order to acquire immunofunction. The spleen cells from these tumor-bearing nude mice were fused with NS-1 cells. Then, these hybridomas were screened and cloned for 3 times. Two antibodies were shown to recognize the surface antigen on human lung carcinoma cells and several kinds of tumor cell lines but not those on normal cell lines. ALT-01 reacted to neither human lung carcinoma tissue nor its xenograft. ALT-04 reacted to human lung carcinoma tissue, of which, reaction to adenocarcinoma was the strongest but not to various normal tissues. Immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography was used to detect the associated antigen in 35S-labeled human lung carcinoma cells. Antigens, reacting to ALT-01, show one band of Mr 38,000 but those to ALT-04 reveal two bands of Mr 48,000 and 36,000. PMID- 3447855 TI - [Radioimmunodetection of human lung cancer xenografts by isotope labeling monoclonal antibody ALT-04 in nude mice]. AB - Three nude mouse models bearing the human lung cancer were established from two fresh surgical specimens and one cell line. Tumor histological structure and cell morphology were similar before and after transplantation. The monoclonal antibody ALT-04 (McAb ALT-04) against human lung cancer was labeled by 125I, 131I and 201Tl. Radioimmunodetection study showed that all the three kinds of xenografts in nude mice were specifically located by McAb ALT-04. Imaging examination confirmed the ability of isotope labeling McAb ALT-04 to detect the presence of transplanted human lung cancer tissues without the aid of background subtraction manipulations. It is suggested that McAb ALT-04 have the possibility of locating in the tumor diagnosis and guiding in the treatment. PMID- 3447856 TI - [Kinetic observation and analysis of the radioactivity distribution of 125I labelled F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody against human lung cancer cells in normal mice]. AB - Radioactivity distribution of 125I-labelled F(ab')2 fragments in 14 organs and tissues of normal mice for 11 time-phases from 0.5 hour to 7 days after injection was observed. The radioactivity-time curves of these organs and tissues were divided into three types according to their characteristics: excreting type (blood and liver), absorbing type (thyroid), absorbing-excreting type (the other organs and tissues). The organs fully perfused with blood had shorter peak-time and higher peak-value, such as heart, lung, kidney and liver. All of the peak times were equal to or less than 2 days after injection, therefore the image taking should be kept away from this period. The excreting rate constants of slow metabolic component were similar for various organs and tissues except thyroid and brain. The brain had a low peak in the curve and small excreting rate constant. It was demonstrated that F(ab')2 fragments were able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier but absorption and excretion were slower compared with the other organs and tissues. The radioiodine was obviously concentrated in the subcutaneous tissue, which may have been the main cause of the subcutaneous tissue tumor induced by radioiodine. The radioactivity-time curve in which the peak value and inflect point existed simultaneously shows that radioactivity metabolism after injection of 125I-F(ab')2 follows three compartment models. The biological meanings corresponding to three sections of the blood radioactivity time curve are pure distribution, distribution-recycle and catabolic-excretory phases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447857 TI - [Biologic effects of hyperthermia and radiation on gastric cancer cells (SGC 7901) in vitro. II. Ultrastructural changes of cells]. AB - Different characteristic damages of the SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells were studied by electron microscopy 1, 36, 72, 96 and 120 hours after heating and radiation in vitro. The visible damages, such as the enlarged mitochondria, increase of lysosomes and perichromatin granules could be shown 1 hour after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min) but no visible damages of the cells were shown until 36 hours following radiation (500 rad). In order to study the ultrastructural changes of the gastric cancer cells in mitosis after heating and radiation, we have used the new method of ultrastructural research in selecting and observing the M cell in vitro and found loosened structure of chromosome and disappearance of microtubules 1 hour following hyperthermia. At the same time, no apparent abnormalities of the mitotic cells were observed after radiation. It is the chief cause of division delay in heat injured cells. However, the chromosomes and microtubules of the new mitotic cells could recover 36 hours after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min). After radiation, the giant cells and abnormal morphologic changes of cells gradually increase and the living cells decrease. Unexpectedly, the division of a few giant cells is observed 72 hours after heating and radiation. PMID- 3447858 TI - [Expression of the surface antigen in human gastric cancer cells and the relation to cell cycles--correlated analysis with flow cytometry]. AB - Expression of tumor-associated antigen in different gastric cancer cell lines and different phases of cell cycle was studied cytochemically. The antigen was recognized by the monoclonal antibody (McAb) PC1 against gastric cancer cells. By using the McAb PC1 as first antibody, the indirect immunofluorescence stain and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) stain were done on the gastric cancer cell lines (MGC 803, SGC 7901 and BGC 823). It was shown that PC1 antigen was mainly expressed on the membrane of these cells and only a certain percentage of the cells gave the positive reaction with different intensities. It was obvious that the expression of PC1 antigen was heterogeneous in nature. The heterogeneity of the PC1 antigen expression in gastric cancer cells might be due to either various subpopulations in the cell lines or different phases of cell cycle. In order to go further into the question, we studied quantitatively the expression of PC1 antigen in gastric cancer cell lines (MGC 803, STC 7901 and BGC 823) and the relationship between the antigen expression and cell cycle by double fluorescence stain and two-dimensional flow cytometry. It was found that expression levels of PC1 antigen in these cell lines were in the following order: MGC 803 greater than SGC 7901 greater than BGC 823. The PC1 antigen predominantly expressed on G1 phase for MGC 803 and G1, G2-M phase for SGC 7901 respectively. And uniform low level of PC1 antigen expression was found for BGC 823 throughout the cell cycle. Therefore, the PC1 antigen expression is dependent on cell cycle in MGC 803 and SGC 7901 cell lines. PMID- 3447859 TI - [Establishment and experimental study of a transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma model in 615-strain mice (H 615)]. AB - H 615, the first transplantable mouse liver carcinoma model established in China, was derived from a spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma of an inbred 615 mouse and has been successfully propagated for 52 generations during the past 7 years and more. Its biologic and pathologic features are relatively stable. H 615 was a syngenic transplantable tumor model of 615-strain mice with a successful transplantation rate of 85.6% without spontaneous regression. The course of tumor growth after subcutaneous inoculation was divided into 4 stages: latent, slowly growing, rapidly growing and terminal stages. Cancer metastasis was rare. The tumor-bearing host would die of cachexia finally. The mean survival time was 62.2 +/- 11.0 days regardless of sex or age. Histologically and ultrastructurally, H 615 was a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, rather resembling human liver carcinoma. The short-term primary passage culture of H 615 showed that, in vitro, tumor tissue could easily grow into monolayer, the majority of which appeared as epithelioid cells in cytomorphology. Therapeutic tests of 15 anticancer drugs showed that H 615 was sensitive, in varying degrees, to 5 drugs, i. e. MMC, Thio-Tepa, 5FU, CPT and DACT. The inhibition rate of MMC and Thio-Tepa could be as high as 100%. These experimental results are similar to those of the human liver cancer chemotherapy. Hence, the authors believe that H 615 may be a useful model in experimental study of the liver cancer and screening of anticancer drugs. PMID- 3447860 TI - [Histochemical study of colorectal adenocarcinoma by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated lectins]. AB - Binding of FITC conjugated lectins to mucin in benign and malignant colon lesions was studied by fluorescence microscopy. In 145 cases of colonic adenocarcinoma, PNA (peanut agglutinin) was found to be bound to 75% of cases, while DBA (dolichos biflorus agglutinin) to 13% only. By contrast, DBA was bound to 94% of normal colon mucosa, while PNA to 15% only. Chronic colitis, simple adenoma and inflammatory polyps had the same binding pattern as normal mucosa, but villous adenoma, mixed polyps and multiple polyposis which are considered as premalignant lesions in colon had high positive rate of PNA binding and low binding percentage of DBA. These results indicate that an exposed carbohydrate structure Gal B1-2--- GlNAc is expressed in the mucin produced by colonic adenocarcinoma. Meanwhile, some normal mucin component disappears from the malignant colonic epithelium. The mechanism of alteration of human colonic mucin present in malignant transformation is briefly discussed. PMID- 3447861 TI - [Comparison of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) on chromosomes of cultured lymphocytes from cancer patients, high risk cancer family members and normal subjects]. AB - Using the technique of AG-NORs, the number of silver-stained NORs on chromosomes of the peripheral lymphocytes from 10 cancer patients, 10 high risk cancer family members and 10 normal individuals was compared. It was found that the total mean value of AG-NORs was 5.46 +/- 0.00/per cell in cancer patients, 5.62 +/- 0.01/per cell in high risk cancer family members and 7.03 +/- 0.07/per cell in normal subjects. The total mean value of AG-NORs was markedly lower in the first two groups than in the third group (P less than 0.001). It seems to be due to the decrease of the transcribed activity of rRNA gene on chromosomes of the cultured lymphocytes in the first two groups. A probable relation between the carcinogenesis and decrease of NORs is shown. The transcribed activity of rRNA gene gives the expression to AG-NORs numbers with which the relation to carcinogenesis is briefly discussed with a review of the literature. PMID- 3447862 TI - [Effect of molybdenum and tungsten on mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats]. AB - Virgin female rats of SD strain were given ad libitum a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet containing 0.026 ppm molybdenum and deionized water (groups 1 3) or the same diet with 150 ppm tungsten and the drinking water (group 4). Group 1 was used as control. After 15 days, all the animals in groups 2-4 received an intravenous injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) 5 mg/100 g body weight. One week after administration of carcinogen, 10 ppm Mo was added to the drinking water in group 3. After 125 days, the mammary cancer incidence in group 4 (79.2%) was significantly higher than that in group 2 (50.0%) or group 3 (45.5%) (P less than 0.05). After 198 days, the average number of mammary cancer in each animal and mammary cancer incidence in group 3 (1.5 and 50.0%) were obviously lower than those in group 2 (2.0 and 90.5%) or group 4 (2.6 and 95.7%). The first palpable mammary tumor was found in the W-supplemented group only 56 days after the injection of NMU, whereas in the W-unsupplemented and Mo-supplemented groups, the first mammary tumor was observed 71 and 85 days after NMU treatment. Of these 181 mammary tumors, 177 (97.8%) were adenocarcinoma or papillary carcinoma, only 4 (2.2%) fibroadenocarcinoma. The results of this study show, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of Mo on the mammary carcinogenesis and promoting effect of Tungsten, an antagonist of molybdenum, on the tumor growth. PMID- 3447863 TI - [Clinicopathologic study of 374 cases of intracranial tumors]. AB - In this paper, 374 cases of intracranial tumor were studied retrospectively. The incidence of glioma (45.6%) was the highest, next was meningioma (19%) and pituitary tumor (12.3%). Astrocytoma comprised 73.5% of glioma. 75% of medulloblastoma and 54% of ependymoma occurred under 20 years of age, whereas 71.8% of meningioma, 44% of astrocytoma and 47.4% of metastatic tumor occurred between 21 to 50. The ratio of male and female was 1.69:1 except 0.8:1 of meningioma. 73.8% of all the lesions was located above the tentorium of cerebellum, the rest under it. Ninety one cases were followed. The 5 year survival rate was 25.3% (23/91). According to Kernohan's classification, the authors believe that astrocytoma can be divided into four grades, which is of great use in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. The other gliomas are only divided into benign and malignant. The results of surgery are related to tumor type and differentiation. Pituitary adenoma, meningioma, neurilemmoma and astrocytoma grades I and II have a good result by operation, while medulloblastoma, astrocytoma grades III and IV and metastatic cancer have a higher mortality. PMID- 3447864 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma--a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases]. AB - A clinicopathologic study on 16 cases of renal angiomyolipoma is presented. Eleven were women and 5 men. The age ranged from 23 to 80 years with an average of 44.4. The course was from three days to one year. Abdominal mass, pain and hematuria were the main symptoms. Some individual cases were associated with tuberous sclerosis. Spontaneous rupture of the kidney was the principal complication often resulting in shock. The tumor was amenable to resection with a cure rate of 100% without recurrence, metastasis or infiltration of the large renal veins. The prognosis was good. B-type ultrasound and CT scan were helpful in the clinical diagnosis. Of 16 cases, 15 tumors occurred in unilateral kidney, in which the mass was usually located in one pole of the organ. The other tumor involved bilateral kidneys. The tumor was easily misdiagnosed as renal carcinoma by gross examination because of its being relatively large, yellow on the cut surface with hemorrhage and necrosis and often infiltrating tissues surrounding the kidney. Histologically, the tumor consisted of mature blood vessels, smooth muscles and adipose tissues. Sometimes, misdiagnosis of the renal angiomyolipoma with malignant change or angiomyoliposarcoma was made because of the active growth of the smooth muscle and adipose cells. In this paper, special emphasis is put in the discussion of the pathologic features and and causes leading to the misdiagnosis. Basing on long-term follow-up, it is suggested that angiomyolipoma of the kidney be a benign tumor of the hamartomatous nature. PMID- 3447866 TI - [Hemihepatectomy under hepato-portal interruption at normal temperature for liver malignancies--a report of 20 patients]. AB - From July 1984 to December 1985, hemihepatectomy was done in 20 liver cancer patients under normothermic interruption of porta hepatis. There were 19 primary and 1 secondary liver carcinomas. Of the former, 17 (89%) were associated with mild or moderate cirrhosis. The peak age ranged 36-60 years. Right hemihepatectomy was performed in 18 and left hemihepatectomy in 2 with an operative mortality of 0%. Hepatic failure or secondary bleeding was not found. In the specimens resected, the largest weight was 2,500 gm. The normothermic interruption of porta hepatis usually lasted 15-25 minutes, a time long enough for hemihepatectomy. This procedure, being simple in manipulation and less detrimental to physiologic and biochemical balance in the human body, is relatively practical and beneficial to hepatectomy. PMID- 3447865 TI - [Brenner tumor of the ovary--a clinicopathological report of 5 cases]. AB - This paper reports 5 cases of Brenner tumor of the ovary treated in our hospital from 1967 to 1985. The patients' mean age was 54.6 years. Three lesions were solid, 1 cystic and the other occurred on the wall of a borderline malignant mucinous cystadenoma. All the 5 cases were benign by pathology. The clinical symptoms were abdominal pain in 3 cases, 2 of which had a torsion of the tumor pedicle, abdominal mass in 1 and abdominal swelling in the other. All the cases possessed the same feature that the tumor was composed of both hyperplastic epithelial nest and fibrous stroma. In histology, there were 3 transitional epithelial cell types and 2 basal cell-like types. Histogenesis of the Brenner tumor, according to the authors' observation, was shown by: 1. The epithelial cell nests of Brenner tumor were similar to the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract in 60% of these cases; basal-like cell in the early stage of differentiation comprised 40%, 2. In 80% of patients, there was observed, in the cell nuclei, a longitudinal groove, which resembled the cells of Walthard cell nests; 3. The transitional epithelial cells were found in the cyst wall of 1 polycystic tumor; another case was complicated with mucinous cystadenoma and there was no sharp demarcation between the two tumors under microscope. It suggests that the histogenesis imply that the Brenner tumor may arise from the coelomic epithelium of para-mesonephros. The authors also believe that certain Brenner tumors have endocrine activity, but the relation between which and the tumor stroma luteinization should be further studied. PMID- 3447867 TI - [Radiotherapy of chordoma--a report of 10 patients]. AB - A consecutive series of 10 patients with chordoma was treated in our hospital from 1956 to 1982. Six were male and four were female. The age ranged 19 approximately 52 years. Eight lesions occurred in the base of sphenoid and two in the sacrum. All were treated by postoperative radiotherapy with a medium dose of 4,500 approximately 6,000 rad. Recurrent patients were given a hyperfractionated radiotherapy (100 rad, 4/D, at intervals of 3 hours, total dose 2000 rad). The 5 and 10 year survival rates were 75% and 50%. No complications were found after radiation. In this paper, literature on chordoma and radiotherapy for chordoma are reviewed. An optimal schedule is proposed: operation be the choice of treatment, which be as thorough as possible; two months after the operation, radiotherapy be given at a suitable dose of 5000 approximately 6000 rad; the recurrent lesions be treated by hyperfractionated radiotherapy. PMID- 3447868 TI - [Analysis of residue and regression of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in NPC after radiotherapy]. AB - Follow up results of residue and regression of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in NPC after radiotherapy are presented. All the 453 cases have been followed for more than five years. According to WHO's criteria, the relative 5 year survival rate was 43.9%. 389 of 453 had had lymph node metastases in the neck at the beginning of treatment. At the end of radiation, immediate regression rate of lymph nodes was 53.2%, which was related to lymph node size before radiotherapy. Five year survival rate of those whose lymph node metastases disappeared completely was 48.8% (group 1). There were 182 cases with residual nodes at the conclusion of radiation (140 recorded in detail). The regression rate of nodes was 96.4% (135/140) and the 5 year survival rate of these 140 patients was 40.0% (group 2). There is no significant difference and the long term results are similar in the two groups. Total recurrence rate in the neck was 4.4%: 5.3% in group 1 and 3.8% in group 2 (P greater than 0.05). The treatment results of the local cervical lesions are the same, too. In 182 cases with residual lesions, 121 with 147 clinically evaluable residual nodes, 0.5 approximately 3 cm in diameter, were followed. The regression time of these residual nodes was 2.5 approximately 2.7 months as to geometric mean (the regressive confidence limit 95%). To sum up, according to the routine cervical target dose, some nodes remaining at the of radiation seem to require no boost dose in order to avoid delayed radiation complications. But the residual nodes which recur during follow up would require a prompt retreatment. PMID- 3447869 TI - [Anatomic foundation of the lateral portal for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC)]. AB - Basing on 31 normal skulls, the lateral projections of some points relative to the bony structure near the nasopharynx were located under the simulator, followed by drawing it on a sheet of paper with the aid of geometry and trigonometry. Thus, the relation between external and internal structures is shown on the drawn projection, which can serve as the anatomic basis for designing the routine field and improving radiotherapy technique. In the light of data informed by this study and clinical experiences of the authors and others, it was found logical, in radiotherapy of NPC, that large opposing lateral pre auriculo-cervical portals with their posterior margin extending beyond the external auditory meatus posteriorly be used in order to avoid geographic miss of the uppermost deep cervical lymph nodes usually involved beneath the jugular foramen and posterior portion of the nasopharynx. In addition, the upper margin of the lateral portal must be parallel but superior to the cantho-auditory line, on which the foramen ovale is projected. Actual locating the upper margin should depend on the extent of the intracranial invasion of the tumor as shown by the CT scan. PMID- 3447870 TI - [Pathomorphologic observation and prognostic analysis of 26 cases of malignant melanoma]. AB - In this paper, 26 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) were analysed as to 10 items of clinicopathology, and 13 cases were followed. MM frequently occurs in the lower limbs. The peak age was 41 approximately 60 years. There was a history of having a black nevus (30.8%) and evident trauma (37.5%). Black nevus, located in the sole or palm, was able to undergo malignant change through long-term friction, irritation and so on. Therefore, preventive resection is necessary. Basing on the follow up study of 13 cases, three problems related to survival time are discussed: (1) Location of the tumor: MM in the mucosa has a worse prognosis than in the cutis. It might be considered as the rich blood supply to the mucosal tissue, easily resulting in hematogenous metastasis. (2) Clinical stage of the disease: The more advanced clinical stage, the shorter survival time. Early diagnosis and timely treatment play a key role in the prognosis. (3) TREATMENT: It is believed that extensive resection of the primary focus with dissection of the regional lymph nodes followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or Chinese traditional medicine is required. Correct diagnosis relies on the compositive analysis of 3 kinds of stain (iron reaction, fader and silver stain). The reticulum stain might be of benefit in differentiating the benign from malignant tumors. Diagnosis for the colorless MM depends on the finding of premelanin corpuscles by electronmicroscopy. In addition to Zhu Yuede's 9 criteria of diagnosis for MM, the authors propose that 4 features of MM in histostructure and cytomorphology be adhered to. PMID- 3447871 TI - [Identification of histone H5 regions contacting with DNA in chromatin using DNA protein crosslinking]. PMID- 3447872 TI - [Effect of phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 on its activity in a cell-free translation system]. PMID- 3447873 TI - [Regulatory effect of glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolism]. PMID- 3447874 TI - Dactimicin, a new, less toxic aminoglycoside antibiotic active against resistant bacteria. AB - Dactimicin is a new member of the pseudodisaccharide group of antibiotics. It possesses an unusual N-formimidoyl group which differentiates it from astromicin. Dactimicin is active against wide variety of bacteria, including resistant strains with aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. However, AAC(3)-I enzyme slowly acetylates dactimicin. Animal toxicity studies show that the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of dactimicin are lower than those of amikacin and gentamicin. No notable abnormal findings have been found in pharmacological and toxicological studies. PMID- 3447875 TI - First microbiological approach to dactimicin, a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic. AB - Dactimicin (ST 900) is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic of Dactylosporangium origin. This drug shows resistance to many enzymes that destroy aminoglycosides. In this first approach, the authors have pointed out the activity of dactimicin against Gram-negative rods, particularly Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Gram-positive bacteria, especially methicillin susceptible and resistant staphylococci. Dactimicin showed remarkable antibacterial activity against all strains tested; however this activity was strongly influenced by the inoculum size. The bactericidal activity of dactimicin towards some Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria was also evaluated. PMID- 3447876 TI - Stability of dactimicin to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. AB - Dactimicin was active against strains expressing the activities of aminoglycoside acetylating enzymes [AAC(3)-II, III, IV and V, AAC(2'), AAC(6')-I and II], aminoglycoside-nucleotidylating enzymes [ANT(2"), AAD(3")] and aminoglycoside phosphorylating enzymes [APH(3')-I-II and III], with the exception of AAC(3)-I and one staphylococcal AAC(6')-IV. Apparently this is the first report of one 6' N-acetylating enzyme which modifies and inactivates dactimicin. The authors' data suggest that the differences in the behaviour of dactimicin, gentamicin and amikacin against the aminoglycoside-resistant strains tested were mainly due to the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. If the results are summarized, it may be concluded that dactamicin is the most stable to the majority of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes demonstrated [APH(3'), APH(2"), APH(3"), ANT(2"), AAD(3"), AAC(2') and AAC(6')], with the exception of AAC(3)-I and staphylococcal AAC(6')-IV. PMID- 3447877 TI - Toxic effects on rabbit kidney cell cultures of a new aminoglycoside. AB - In this study the cellular toxicity of two aminoglycosides (gentamicin and dactimicin) have been evaluated using rabbit kidney cell cultures. The correlation between toxic effect and antibiotic concentration, and between toxic effect and the period of contact have been evaluated. The toxic effect was measured in rabbit kidney cell cultures by means of the release of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase. This enzyme was chosen in order to establish a correlation between in vitro and in vivo results. Gentamicin clearly shows in both tests a non-linear correlation between cellular toxicity and concentration or period of contact. Dactimicin, a new aminoglycoside probably less toxic than others, also shows in both tests a non-linear correlation between cellular toxicity and concentration or period of contact, but the release of enzyme was significantly reduced during the treatment of the cell cultures with this aminoglycoside. PMID- 3447878 TI - Comparative nephrotoxicity and tissue accumulation of dactimicin, amikacin and gentamicin. AB - Dactimicin (ST 900) is a new pseudo-disaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic which has been shown to be active against systemic infections in mice. Few data have so far been reported on dactimicin tissue accumulation or its potential nephrotoxicity. In this study, nephrotoxicity and renal tissue concentrations of gentamicin, amikacin and dactimicin were compared in Wistar rats. Liver, heart and lung accumulation of these drugs were also evaluated. Groups of 5 rats were respectively injected with 100 mg/kg body weight of the different drugs daily for 7 days. Five control rats were also injected with saline. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, all rats were sacrificed and bled to death. Blood samples were taken for BUN and serum creatinine assay. Kidney, liver, heart and lung tissues, as well as blood, were removed and processed for microbiological assay of gentamicin, amikacin and dactimicin. The results of this study showed that dactimicin, as well as amikacin, did not induce any significant increase in BUN and serum creatinine, while gentamicin administration resulted in severe uraemia in all rats. Consequently a much higher accumulation of gentamicin than amikacin and dactimicin was achieved in serum and tissues. PMID- 3447880 TI - [Acromegaly and colorectal proliferations]. AB - Hypersomatotropism causes not only the typical acromegalic symptoms but also very often a splanchnomegaly with participation of the enteron. We performed a colonoscopy in 16 patients with a persistent active acromegaly in spite of full used therapy possibilities. Only in four cases (25%) we could find a polyp. They were distributed on the colon transversum (one), descendens (one) and sigmoideum (two). Three of them (histology: tubular adenoma) had a diameter of less than 5 mm. Only one adenoma had an extent of 3.5 x 3 x 2.5 cm (histology: tubular villous adenoma). Not any polyp showed signs of malignity. There existed no relations between the coloscopic findings, the degree of activity and the duration of illness. Localisation, histology, frequency and age distribution of the found out polyps of our patients were in the range of real frequency of the occurrence of colorectalic neoplasms. We conclude: Acromegaly is correlated not more than accidentally with colorectalic neoplasms (benign, malignant). Therefore preventive medical examinations of acromegalic patients are not rich in meaning. PMID- 3447879 TI - Comparative effects of gentamicin, amikacin and dactimicin on excretion of N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney histological pattern in rats. AB - Dactimicin (DC) is a new pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic containing a formimidoyl group in its molecule (1). DC exhibits a greater antibacterial activity than other aminoglycosides against the clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens and is active against many gentamicin- and amikacin-resistant bacteria. This characteristic of the drug appears to be linked with a probable protective action exerted by the formimidoyl group in its structure. The greatest limitation in the clinical use of aminoglycosides is their potential for nephrotoxicity. The present study compares the renal effects of DC versus gentamicin (GT) and amikacin (AK), respectively the most and the least nephrotoxic pseudotrisaccharide aminoglycosides in present use (2), evaluating the urinary NAG excretion and the histological changes induced in the kidney. PMID- 3447881 TI - [Vascular anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract--an unusual case of multiple intra-abdominal hemangiomas]. AB - A case of multiple abdominal haemangiomas (mesentery, intestine, liver) in a 19 year-old patient is described. The anomalies, at first incidentally found during appendectomy, were confirmed by angiographies and vascular surgery. Ascites and bleeding esophageal varices developed in further course. A short review of literature and classifications is given. PMID- 3447882 TI - [Alimentary iodine deficiency in East Germany and its reflection in thyroid parameters following the initiation of struma prevention]. AB - By regional and countrywide studies carried out in the past 10 years the occurrence of endemic goitre and iodine deficiency (ID) of grade II has been demonstrated in 1981. In 1983 till 1985 an iodized salt (25 mg KI/kg) was offered mainly in the southern counties of the G.D.R. This measure has been followed by the production of 84% of the whole paket salt iodized with stable potassium iodate (32 mg KIO3/kg) since July 1985 and delivered in all the G.D.R. Nevertheless, in the end of 1985 the persistence of iodine deficiency of grade II has yet to be stated by low renal iodine excretion, low iodine content of milk and human milk post partum. The reference values of TT3 (0.84-3.76 nmol/l) and TT4 (41.8-137.3 nmol/l) assessed in 1985 for the G.D.R. are to be interpreted before the background of an iodine deficiency of grade II. PMID- 3447883 TI - The subcellular sites of sulfation of mouse thyrotropin and free alpha subunits: studies employing subcellular fractionation and inhibitors of the intracellular translocation of proteins. AB - To determine the subcellular sites of sulfation of thyrotropin (TSH) and free alpha-subunits, mouse thyrotropic tumor minces were incubated simultaneously with [3H]Met and [35S]SO4 for 1 or 3h, homogenized, and fractionated by discontinuous sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Dual-labeled TSH or free alpha-subunits were immunoprecipitated, and analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Endoglycosidase F released all [35S], but little [3H], from the dual-labeled species, indicating that [35S]SO4 was incorporated into oligosaccharides of TSH and free alpha subunits. Both [35S]TSH and [35S] free alpha-subunits were predominantly in Golgi fractions at 1 and 3 h, but small amounts were also detected in fractions enriched in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Similar distributions of [35S]SO4 labeled species were noted in cell fractions prepared from mouse pituitaries. Pituitaries from hypothyroid mice were incubated with [3H]Met and [35S]SO4 for 2 h, then chased for 4 or 16 h in the absence or presence of 2 uM monensin (Mon) or 10 uM carboxyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). At 4h, release into the medium of [3H]TSH was inhibited 59% and 86% by Mon and CCCP, respectively; release of [35S]TSH was inhibited 28% and 46%. At 4h, release of [3H]free alpha subunits was inhibited 58% and 81% by these drugs, respectively; release of [35S]free alpha-subunits was inhibited 6% and 50%. Thus, Mon and CCCP inhibited the release of each [3H] species more than the [35S] species, indicating that most sulfation occurred in Golgi. PMID- 3447884 TI - Carbamazepine (Tegretol) inhibits in vivo iodide uptake and hormone synthesis in rat thyroid glands. AB - Decreased serum concentrations of T3 and T4 occur in patients treated with the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ), but with rare exception, these patients remain euthyroid. The mechanism that accounts for diminished hormone levels is unknown, and our objective was to study the direct effect of CBZ on iodide uptake and hormone synthesis in thyroid glands of CBZ-treated and pair-fed control rats. Chronic ingestion (per os) of CBZ in male rats reduced the four hour thyroid 131I iodide uptake by approximately 60%. This inhibition occurred after the animals had received sufficient CBZ to attain plasma CBZ concentrations of 0.8 microgram/ml. Continued treatment with CBZ ranging from 560 to 800 mg/kg/day for 14 days did not result in further inhibition of iodide uptake even though the plasma CBZ concentrations had increased 6-20 fold. No inhibition of iodide uptake was apparent when the animals initially received CBZ ranging from 40 to 152 mg/kg body weight for 22 days when there were no detectable levels of plasma CBZ. Overall growth rates of CBZ-treated rats were slightly (6-10%) less than the pair fed control animals. Plasma T4 concentrations were reduced by 18% (p less than 0.05) in the CBZ-fed animals, while T3 concentrations were diminished by 53% (p less than 0.01). CBZ appeared to alter thyroidal iodide transport because the thyroid:plasma iodide ratios were decreased by 26% in the drug-treated rats. The distribution of radioiodine in thyroidal iodoamino acids was essentially the same in both groups of rats but the absolute quantities of radioiodine were more than 2.5 times greater in the control rats. CBZ failed to inhibit peroxidase-catalyzed iodide and guaiacol oxidation in vitro. No differences in thyroid gland morphology were noted in the two groups of animals, but weights of the glands from the CBZ-fed animals increased by 25% after 42 days. It is concluded that CBZ, or its metabolites, has a direct inhibitory effect on iodide utilization and hormone synthesis by the thyroid gland. PMID- 3447885 TI - Compartmental origin of pulmonary macrophages harvested from mechanically disrupted lung tissue. AB - Alveolar macrophages (AM) have been extensively studied, but whether these lavageable cells are representative of the lung's interstitial macrophage population is unknown. Previous investigators have compared AM with macrophages obtained from mechanically disrupted whole lung tissue and have found both populations to be morphologically and functionally similar. In such studies, neither the anatomical origin of the macrophages harvested from lung tissue postlavage nor the quantitative removal of AM by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was demonstrated. Accordingly, the extent to which unlavaged AM contributed to the macrophage population obtained from mechanically disrupted lung tissue remains obscure. The present study was undertaken to determine whether macrophages harvested by mechanical disruption of lung tissue following exhaustive BAL are in fact primarily of interstitial origin. We addressed this problem by labeling rat AM with opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC-IgG) in situ, exhaustively lavaging the lungs to remove AM, and then mincing the residual lung tissue to liberate unlavaged macrophages for subsequent in vitro analyses. We recovered 24.5 +/- 1.3 X 10(6) AM with 18 lavages, 79.5 +/- 2.5% of which had phagocytized SRBC-IgG. Mincing the lavaged tissue resulted in the further release of 2.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(6) viable cells, approximately 85% of which morphologically appeared to be macrophages. The percentage of these cells that were prelabeled with SRBC-IgG and the numerical distribution of the SRBC-IgG among them were virtually identical to those among AM. The percentage of SRBC-IgG-containing macrophages was increased only slightly (11.4 +/- 1.9%) by further incubating macrophages harvested from minced lung with the SRBC-IgG in vitro, and most of this increase could be accounted for by unlavaged AM that did not phagocytize the test particles in situ. Moreover, multiparameter flow cytometric analyses of macrophages obtained by BAL and from minced lung tissue demonstrated that these populations were identical in terms of size, light scatter properties, and laser-excited blue and green-yellow autofluorescence characteristics. We conclude that (1) exhaustive lavage fails to retrieve a significant number of AM, and (2) macrophages obtained by mechanically disrupting lung tissue are derived primarily from the alveolar space compartment and not the interstitial compartment, as some investigators contend. PMID- 3447886 TI - Deposition and clearance of particles inhaled by beagle dogs previously exposed to SO2. AB - The effect of preexisting pulmonary disease on the deposition and retention of inhaled relatively insoluble radiolabeled particles was studied. Two dogs were exposed to 500 ppm sulfur dioxide 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks and two dogs were sham-exposed to filtered air for the same period. Dogs exposed to sulfur dioxide developed chronic bronchitis during this exposure period. After the bronchitis had been established for 10 weeks, all 4 dogs were exposed by inhalation to 1.7 micron aerodynamic diameter 134Cs-labeled fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP) and the exposures to SO2 were discontinued. The bronchitis resolved within 4 weeks after SO2 was discontinued. Dogs were periodically whole body counted and excreta were periodically collected and counted over a 385-day period following the 134Cs exposure. Deposition of the [134Cs]FAP in the pulmonary region averaged 42% for control dogs and 16% for dogs exposed to SO2; deposition in extrapulmonary regions of the respiratory tract averaged 58% for control dogs and 84% for dogs exposed to SO2. Although deposition patterns were different, early and long-term clearance pathways and rates were the same for all dogs, as indicated by analysis of whole body, excreta, and tissues for their burdens of 134Cs. PMID- 3447887 TI - Symposium on Basic Research in Risk Assessment. March 9-12, 1987, Research Triangle Park, NC. PMID- 3447888 TI - Pharmacokinetics and expert systems as aids for risk assessment in reproductive toxicology. AB - A minimal approach to risk assessment in reproductive toxicology involves four components: hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure characterization, and risk characterization. In practice, risk assessment in reproductive toxicology has been reduced to arbitrary safety factors or mathematical models of the dose-response relationship. These approaches obscure biological differences across species rather than using this important and frequently accessible information. Two approaches that are formally capable of using biologically relevant information (pharmacokinetics and expert system shells) are explored as aids to risk assessment in reproductive toxicology. PMID- 3447889 TI - Cancer risk models for ionizing radiation. AB - Risk estimation in radiation carcinogenesis depends primarily on epidemiological data and hazard rate models. The A-bomb survivors follow-up provides information on the complexity of this process. Several hazard rate models are briefly discussed and illustrated using the A-bomb experience. PMID- 3447890 TI - Statistical properties of a two-stage model of carcinogenesis. AB - Some of the statistical properties of a simple two-stage model of carcinogenesis are explored. The implications of additive treatment effects versus independent treatment effects on the shape of the dose-response curve are considered. Response that is low-dose linear results in the cases where the mutation rates are affected by dose or in the cases where treatment changes the birth rate/death rate of initiated cells in an additive fashion. Independent treatment effects lead to non-low-dose linear response when the survival of initiated cells is affected by treatment. A computer simulation experiment was performed that examined the ability of animal carcinogenesis data to differentiate between various forms of this simple two-stage model. It is shown that animal carcinogenicity experiments do not contain enough data to adequately describe the difference between these two types of effects. PMID- 3447891 TI - The potential usefulness of biological markers in risk assessment. AB - Substantial data have been generated during the last 5 years in experimental systems and human populations which shed light on the potential usefulness of biological markers in human cancer risk assessment. Following a brief review of overall progress to date in the biomonitoring of human populations, this paper turns to the growing body of data regarding carcinogen-DNA and protein adducts as illustrative markers of biologically effective dose of carcinogens. The data base illustrates considerable human inter-individual variation in binding and the presence of significant "background" levels of adducts--both of which support the absence of human population thresholds for exposure to carcinogens. The contribution of adduct data to our understanding of the shape of low dose response curve and the reliability of inter-species extrapolation, as well as the relevance of adducts to cancer risk, are also discussed. Even though adducts can now be useful in hazard identification or qualitative risk assessment, more research is needed before they can serve as quantitative predictors of human cancer risk. PMID- 3447893 TI - Issues in biochemical applications to risk assessment: are short-term tests predictive of in vivo tumorigenicity? PMID- 3447892 TI - Risk assessment for neurobehavioral toxicity. AB - A study by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) found neurobehavioral toxicity to be one of the areas where almost no data are available for the assessment of toxicity. Using the NAS/NRC report and a data base from the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), an estimate of the number of neurobehavioral toxins in commercial chemicals can be made. Although the assumption made in making such a calculation may be invalid, the exercise suggests that the number of neurobehavioral toxins may be quite large. There does seem to be general agreement as to what type of neurobehavioral test procedures are appropriate for regulatory purposes. Select committees have consistently recommended the use of test batteries that include schedule controlled behavior, motor activity, and neuropathological examination following in vivo perfusion, for regulatory purposes. Alkyltin data developed from such a battery were applied to the risk assessment model employed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in their calculations of acceptable daily intake. Using this test battery and the EPA risk assessment model, the acceptable daily intake calculated is of the same order of magnitude as the total limit values established by the ACGIH. A number of special issues in neurobehavioral toxicity also are discussed, including the definition of adverse neurobehavioral toxic effects, species extrapolation, correlation of behavior and neuropathology, alternative methods, and quality of life issues. PMID- 3447894 TI - Issues of biochemical applications to risk assessment: how should the MTD be selected for chronic bioassays? PMID- 3447896 TI - Issues in biochemical applications to risk assessment: can in vitro studies assist us in species extrapolation? PMID- 3447895 TI - Issues in biochemical applications to risk assessment: how do we evaluate individual components of multistage models? PMID- 3447897 TI - Issues in biochemical applications to risk assessment: how do we predict toxicity of complex mixtures? PMID- 3447899 TI - Cytotoxic effects of singlet oxygen. AB - The toxic effects of gas-phase singlet oxygen, 1O2, on the ciliated respiratory epithelium of hamster trachea have been demonstrated. Tracheal explants treated with 1O2 showed a dose-dependent decrease in cilia beating frequency and focal ciliostasis. A statistically significant decrease in ciliary activity occurred at 1O2 concentrations as low as 154 ppb after a 2-hr exposure. Cytological alterations in the mucociliary epithelium were observed in explants exposed to 235 ppb 1O2 or greater. When cytotoxic effects were related to the time of exposure to 1O2, maximum effects occurred after a 4-hr exposure. In vitro recovery studies indicate that ciliary activity returned to normal between 4 and 8 hr after exposure. PMID- 3447898 TI - Diagnosing the tight building syndrome. AB - Formaldehyde is but one of many chemicals capable of causing the tight building syndrome or environmentally induced illness (EI). The spectrum of symptoms it may induce includes attacks of headache, flushing, laryngitis, dizziness, nausea, extreme weakness, arthralgia, unwarranted depression, dysphonia, exhaustion, inability to think clearly, arrhythmia or muscle spasms. The nonspecificity of such symptoms can baffle physicians from many specialties. Presented herein is a simple office method for demonstrating that formaldehyde is among the etiologic agents triggering these symptoms. The very symptoms that patients complain of can be provoked within minutes, and subsequently abolished, with an intradermal injection of the appropriate strength of formaldehyde. This injection aids in convincing the patient of the cause of the symptoms so he can initiate measures to bring his disease under control. PMID- 3447900 TI - Studies of carcinogenicity of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice. AB - The carcinogenic activities of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice were examined. Sodium chlorite was given at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.025% (low dose), or 0.05% (high dose) in the drinking water of 150 female and 150 male mice for 80 weeks, after which time the animals were returned to distilled water without sodium chlorite. All mice were sacrificed 85 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The incidence of tumor-bearing animals was 32% (control), 34% (low dose), and 26% (high dose) in female mice, and 46% (control), 57% (low dose), and 53% (high dose) in male mice. The types and incidence of neoplasms that occurred frequently in each group of both sexes were similar to those observed spontaneously in B6C3F1 mice. The incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in the high dose group of females (2%), however, was lower than that in the control group (15%). Furthermore, the incidence of pulmonary adenomas in the high dose group of males (12%) was higher than that in the control group (0%), but neither dose related increases in the adenoma incidences nor increased incidences of the adenocarcinomas were observed. These results indicated no clear evidence of a carcinogenic potential of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice. PMID- 3447901 TI - Ranking the potential carcinogenic hazards to workers from exposures to chemicals that are tumorigenic in rodents. AB - For 41 chemicals there exist both reasonable data on carcinogenic potency in experimental animals and also a defined Permissible Exposure Level (PEL), which is the upper limit of legally permissible chronic occupational exposure for U.S. workers. These 41 agents are ranked by an index that compares the permitted chronic human exposure to the chronic dose rate that induces tumors in 50% of laboratory animals. This index, the Permitted Exposure/Rodent Potency index, or PERP, does not estimate absolute risks directly, but rather suggests the relative hazards that such substances may pose. The PERP values for these 41 substances differ by more than 100,000-fold from each other. The PERP does not take into account the actual level of exposure or the number of exposed workers. Nevertheless, it might be reasonable to give priority attention to the reduction of allowable worker exposures to substances that appear most hazardous by this index and that some workers may be exposed to full-time near the PEL. Ranked by PERP, these chemicals are: ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, 1,3 butadiene, tetrachloroethylene, propylene oxide, chloroform, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, dioxane, and benzene. PMID- 3447903 TI - DNA adducts as a dosimeter for risk estimation. AB - The dose response for O6-methylguanine (O6MG) formation and cytotoxicity was determined in lung and nasal mucosa from Fischer 344 rats during multiple dose administration of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine-4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1 (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). O6MG accumulated in the lung following treatment for 12 days with doses of NNK from 0.3 to 100 mg/kg/day. The dose response for NNK was nonlinear; the O6MG-to-dose ratio, an index of alkylation efficiency, increased dramatically as the dose of carcinogen decreased. These data suggest that low- and high-Km pathways may exist for activation of NNK to a methylating agent. Marked differences in O6MG concentration were observed in specific lung cell populations. The Clara cell, one of the suggested progenitor cells for nitrosamine-induced neoplasia, was found to possess the greatest concentration of O6MG. Moreover, as the dose of NNK was decreased from 100 to 0.3 mg/kg, the alkylation efficiency in this cell population increased 38-fold. The presence of a high-affinity pathway in the Clara cell for activation of NNK may contribute to the potent carcinogenicity observed following low-dose exposure to this tobacco specific carcinogen. The dose response for O6MG formation differed considerably between the respiratory and olfactory mucosa from the nasal passages of the rat. The dose response was nonlinear in respiratory mucosa but linear in olfactory mucosa. The alkylation efficiency increased dramatically only in the respiratory mucosa as the dose of NNK was decreased. These studies suggest that a low Km pathway for NNK activation is also present in the nose and that this pathway is localized predominantly in the respiratory region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447902 TI - Cancer incidence among welders: possible effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) and to welding fumes. AB - Epidemiological studies of cancer incidence among welders disclose a pooled total of 146 cases of leukemia observed versus 159.46 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92, and 40 cases of acute leukemia observed versus 43.39 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92. For respiratory tract cancer, the pooled total is 1789 cases observed versus 1290.7 expected, a risk ratio of 1.39. Most electric welders are exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) (magnetic flux densities of up to 100,000 microT), a suspected leukemogen, and to concentrated metallic aerosols (up to 200 mg/m3), which can contain the putative respiratory tract carcinogens Cr(VI) and Ni. The two exposures are usually coincident, since welding with an electric current produces welding fumes. The observation of an excess risk for respiratory tract cancer strongly suggests significant exposure both to fumes and to ELF. The absence of increased risk for all leukemia or for acute leukemia among ELF-exposed welders does not support the hypothesis that the observed excess risk for leukemia or acute leukemia among workers in the electrical trades is due to their ELF exposure, which on the average is lower than that of welders. PMID- 3447904 TI - High- to low-dose extrapolation: critical determinants involved in the dose response of carcinogenic substances. AB - Recent investigations on mechanism of carcinogenesis have demonstrated important quantitative relationships between the induction of neoplasia, the molecular dose of promutagenic DNA adducts and their efficiency for causing base-pair mismatch, and the extent of cell proliferation in target organ. These factors are involved in the multistage process of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion, and progression. The molecular dose of DNA adducts can exhibit supralinear, linear, or sublinear relationships to external dose due to differences in absorption, biotransformation, and DNA repair at high versus low doses. In contrast, increased cell proliferation is a common phenomena that is associated with exposures to relatively high doses of toxic chemicals. As such, it enhances the carcinogenic response at high doses, but has little effect at low doses. Since data on cell proliferation can be obtained for any exposure scenario and molecular dosimetry studies are beginning to emerge on selected chemical carcinogens, methods are needed so that these critical factors can be utilized in extrapolation from high to low doses and across species. The use of such information may provide a scientific basis for quantitative risk assessment. PMID- 3447905 TI - Cellular and molecular mechanisms of multistep carcinogenesis: relevance to carcinogen risk assessment. AB - Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving alterations in at least two distinct classes of genes. Protooncogenes are activated qualitatively or quantitatively in certain tumors, and they appear to act as positive proliferative signals for neoplastic growth. In contrast, tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that must be inactivated or lost for tumor development. When active, tumor suppressor genes control neoplastic growth in a negative manner. Chemicals may influence the carcinogenic process by mutational activation of protooncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The types of genetic alterations involved in these mutational events are diverse, and their dose-response curves may be varied. In addition, chemical carcinogens may act on nonmutational processes such as the clonal expansion of premalignant cells. The carcinogenic risk of a specific chemical is a composite of its effects on multiple genetic and epigenetic processes. PMID- 3447907 TI - Implications of pharmacokinetic modeling in risk assessment analysis. AB - Physiologic pharmacokinetic models are a useful interface between exposure models and risk assessment models by providing a means to estimate tissue concentrations of reactive chemical species at the site of action. The models utilize numerous parameters that can be characterized as anatomical, such as body size or tissue volume; physiological, such as tissue blood perfusion rates, clearances, and metabolism; thermodynamic, such as partition coefficients; and transport, such as membrane permeabilities. The models provide a format to investigate how these parameters can influence the disposition of chemicals throughout the body, which is an important consideration in interpreting toxicity studies. Physiologic models can take into account nonlinear effects related to clearance, metabolism, or transport. They allow for extrapolation of tissue concentration from high dose to low dose experiments and from species to species and can account for temporal variations in dose. PMID- 3447906 TI - Preferential DNA repair in expressed genes. AB - Potentially deleterious alterations to DNA occur nonrandomly within the mammalian genome. These alterations include the adducts produced by many chemical carcinogens, but not the UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, which may be an exception. Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers and certain other lesions is nonrandom in the mammalian genome, exhibiting a distinct preference for actively transcribed DNA sequences. An important consequence of this fact is that mutagenesis and carcinogenesis may be determined in part by the activities of the relevant genes. Repair may also be processive, and a model is proposed in which excision repair is coupled to transcription at the nuclear matrix. Similar but freely diffusing repair complexes may account for the lower overall repair efficiencies in the silent domains of the genome. Risk assessment in relation to chemical carcinogenesis requires assays that determine effective levels of DNA damage for producing malignancy. The existence of nonrandom repair in the genome casts into doubt the reliability of overall indicators of DNA binding and lesion repair for such determinations. Furthermore, some apparent differences between the intragenomic repair heterogeneity in rodent cells and that in human cells mandate a reevaluation of rodent test systems for human risk assessment. Tissue-specific and cell-specific differences in the coordinate regulation of gene expression and DNA repair may account for corresponding differences in the carcinogenic response. PMID- 3447908 TI - Comparative biochemical pharmacology of the oxicams. AB - The chronicity of the inflammatory process requires persistent tissue concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), best achieved by using a drug with a long half-life as a once-daily regimen. The oxicams proved to be one of the most promising classes of NSAIDs. They have a similar molecular structure, though substitution of the benzothiazine ring by a thienothiazine system gives tenoxicam a more hydrophilic character. Tenoxicam is thus characterised by lower penetration into tissues requiring more lipophilic properties, e.g. the CNS and skin and, consequently, a lower incidence of adverse reactions at these target organs. Poor diffusion into hepatic cells--as a result of a small free fraction, tight binding to proteins and hydrophilic character- explains its low hepatic extraction ratio and--as a consequence--a long half life. Compared to indomethacin and diclofenac, the oxicams have a moderate inhibitory activity on the synthesis and release of prostaglandins; tenoxicam is half as active as piroxicam, reflecting the correspondent difference in their steady-state plasma concentrations. PMID- 3447909 TI - Recent insight into the mechanism of gastrointestinal tract ulceration. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well known for their gastrotoxic and duodenotoxic effects. A few years ago the introduction of a sustained release form of indomethacin led to an apparently high incidence of jejunal and ileal perforations. Recently, Langman in England was able to demonstrate that the intake of some NSAIDs is related to an enhanced incidence of ileal and jejunal perforations in rats and dogs, even after parenteral or rectal administration. We have been able to show that: 1. There is a correlation between biliary excretion of NSAIDs or ester conjugates of these drugs and ileal perforations in rats. 2. In contrast to dogs there is no (ibuprofen) or little enterohepatic circulation (diclofenac and diflunisal) in man. This agrees with the low incidence of ileal and jejunal ulcers reported with these drugs in contrast to indomethacin or piroxicam. 3. Reduction of enterohepatic circulation of indomethacin in rats by dietary means reduces the degree of small intestinal erosions and ulcerations in parallel with the reduced biliary excretion of the drug. It may be safely assumed that the enterohepatic circulation of some NSAIDs, particularly indomethacin and piroxicam, may contribute to the reported incidence of ileal and jejunal damage caused by these drugs. These drugs may, on the other hand, have clear-cut advantages as well. PMID- 3447910 TI - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of very-low density lipoprotein alters its metabolism in the rabbit. AB - In order to determine the metabolic consequences of lipoprotein glucosylation, the glucosylated 125I-VLDL turnover was analyzed in comparison to the native one. Autologous in vitro glucosylated VLDL, separated by affinity chromatography, was injected into a nondiabetic rabbit and the amount of the radioactivity distributed in all lipoprotein fractions measured. Glucosylated--125I-VLDL metabolism versus control--125I-VLDL after six hours were: glc-VLDL = 35 +/- 4.5%, control- VLDL = 35 +/- 4.9%, glc-IDL = 51 +/- 3.8% control-IDL = 31 +/- 4.3% p less than 0.01; glc-LDL = 9 +/- 2.2%, control-LDL = 12 +/- 2.6%; glc-HDL = 5 +/- 1.4%, control-HDL = 22 +/- 2.9% p less than 0.001. A retained turnover of glc-VLDL and prolonged retaining of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL) in the circulation were found. The results suggest that the incorporation of glucose into lipoproteins may influence the steric configuration of molecules by blocking the sites of the lipolytic action of lipoprotein lipase. The data presented provide strong support for the idea that there are factors other than reduced LPL activity which contribute to defective VLDL removal in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3447911 TI - [Comparative study of the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes of administration of insulin: influence on blood sugar and lipid equilibrium]. PMID- 3447912 TI - Noninsulin-dependent diabetes in the young. PMID- 3447913 TI - [Development of insulin pump utilization in France. Results of a national survey]. PMID- 3447914 TI - Cephalic stimulation of gallbladder contraction in humans: role of cholecystokinin and the cholinergic system. AB - To determine the role of cholecystokinin and the cholinergic system in cephalic stimulation of gallbladder contraction and to compare the degree of gallbladder contraction by cephalic stimulation with postprandial gallbladder contraction, 8 healthy volunteers (4 males, 4 females, 20-65 years) underwent the following studies: sham feeding of an appetizing meal, sham feeding with intravenous atropine, and ingestion of the same meal. Gallbladder volume was measured by real time ultrasonography and plasma cholecystokinin by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay using antibody T204. Gallbladder contraction in response to sham feeding, 30 +/- 4% (p = 0.0001 vs. basal), amounted to half of that seen after real feeding, 69 +/- 5% (p less than 0.0001 vs. basal). Significant dissociation between gallbladder response to sham feeding and real feeding was seen from 40 min (p less than 0.005-p = 0.0001). Atropine did not affect basal gallbladder volume but completely abolished gallbladder contraction in response to sham feeding. Neither sham feeding without nor sham feeding with atropine significantly affected plasma cholecystokinin levels. On the other hand, real feeding induced significant increases in plasma cholecystokinin from a basal level of 2.3 +/- 0.1 pM to a peak value of 5.9 +/- 0.4 pM at 40 min. It is concluded that an important cephalic phase of postprandial gallbladder contraction exists which is cholecystokinin-independent but dependent on a cholinergic mechanism. PMID- 3447915 TI - Effect of small bowel resection on the intestinal surface acid microclimate in the rat. AB - The effect of extensive (65%) proximal and middle small bowel resection on the intestinal surface acid microclimate (ISAM) of the remaining ileum in the rat was examined and the results were compared to those of sham-operated rats. ISAM pH measurements were performed in vivo using a pH microelectrode; incubation was performed in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.40 +/- 0.02). In the resected rats, ISAM pH of 6.03 +/- 0.07 and 7.22 +/- 0.03 were recorded in the proximal and distal part of the remaining ileum, respectively. In the sham-operated rats, ISAM pH of 6.04 +/- 0.07, 6.98 +/- 0.03 and 7.28 +/- 0.02 were recorded in the proximal jejunum and in the proximal and distal part of the corresponding ileal segment. ISAM pH was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the proximal part of the remaining ileum of the resected rats as compared to the corresponding part in the sham-operated rats but was similar in distal ileum. In fact, the ISAM pH of the proximal part of the remaining ileum of resected rats was as acidic as that of the jejunum of the sham-operated rats. These results clearly demonstrate that adaptation in the ISAM occurs in the remaining ileum following extensive resection of proximal and middle small intestine. PMID- 3447916 TI - Influence of gastric acid secretion on interdigestive gastric motor activity and serum motilin in the elderly. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of gastric secretion on the interdigestive gastric motor activity and related serum motilin variations in elderly subjects. The study was carried out on two groups of elderly subjects: one with achlorhydria or marked hypochlorhydria due to chronic atrophic gastritis and the other with normal acid secretion. A group of nonelderly subjects with normal acid secretion was also examined as control. Gastric motility was studied manometrically and serum motilin was measured by radioimmunoassay on blood samples taken every 15 min during the entire motor recording period of 200-300 min. Both groups of elderly subjects showed (1) alterations in interdigestive gastric motility and (2) serum motilin which was steadily high without the normal cyclic fluctuations. These studies suggest that the alterations in gastric motor activity and serum motilin in aged subjects are not related to the acid secretory capacity of the stomach. Other factors, such as alterations in the neurohormonal control system of gut motility, should be considered in the genesis of these age related disorders. PMID- 3447917 TI - High incidence of Campylobacter-like organisms in endoscopic biopsies from patients with gastritis, with or without peptic ulcer. AB - Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) were histologically detected in 230 (74.5%) of 310 patients undergoing endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies for symptoms suggestive of upper digestive disease. CLOs were found in 78.6% of nonulcerous dyspeptic patients, 82.2% of healed ulcers, 88.2% of duodenal or pyloric ulcers and 90.0% of gastric ulcers but only in 46.9% of gastric stumps and 47.6% of nonulcerous patients without dyspepsia. Among 274 subjects with gastritis, CLOs were found in 83.9%, while none of the 36 gastritis-free stomachs harbored CLOs. Severe atrophic gastritis was less frequently infected with CLO (55.5%) as compared with superficial, interstitial or preatrophic gastritis (84.4%). CLOs were only slightly more frequent in the presence of intraepithelial granulocytes and were never found in areas of complete intestinal metaplasia. Foveolar and superficial epithelia heavily infected with CLOs showed peculiar ultrastructural changes (micropapillary hyperplasia with luminal bulging of mucous cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization and edema, etc.) suggesting a direct link between CLO infection and epithelial damage, which in turn may have a role in the genesis of mucosal inflammation. PMID- 3447918 TI - Differences in the immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - To determine whether patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis differ in their capacity to produce immunoglobulins, we have studied the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes of such patients and compared the results with those of healthy controls. The spontaneous immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from Crohn's disease patients was significantly increased for both IgA and IgG, whereas for IgM the increase did not reach statistical significance. In ulcerative colitis, however, the spontaneous IgA and IgG production was almost identical to that of the healthy controls and thus lower than in Crohn's disease. Pokeweed mitogen stimulation resulted in a significantly enhanced immunoglobulin production in Crohn's disease and in controls, whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes from ulcerative colitis patients were found to be rather insensitive to pokeweed mitogen stimulation. Suppression of the stimulated immunoglobulin production by concanavalin A revealed considerable reduction in all groups studied. In general, the highest suppression was found in patients with Crohn's disease. In patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis there was no relation between the changes in the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and the population of B or T lymphocytes and monocytes present in the peripheral blood. The differences in the spontaneous and stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes, as found in this study, point to major changes in the regulation of the immunoglobulin synthesis in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3447919 TI - Stage-specific polypeptides and villin expression during the intestinal epithelium substitution of the metamorphosing amphibian. AB - The amphibian intestinal epithelium provides an excellent aid to study the developmental pattern of protein synthesis during cell life. The metamorphosing tissue demonstrates a kaleidoscope of cell degeneration, proliferation and differentiation. These events occur at specific period in a synchronized cell population. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, together with histological studies, has been used to examine the changes in the patterns of protein synthesis during intestinal epithelium substitution in metamorphosing Alytes obstetricians larvae. Of the approximately 280 polypeptides detected by this method, 24 show major changes in their patterns of synthesis. Five polypeptides are only synthesized during the larval period and are characteristic of the primary epithelium. Six polypeptides are characteristic of the secondary intestinal epithelium, as they are only detected in the newly-metamorphosed juvenile. Four polypeptides of Mr 81,000, 78,000, 42,000 (pI, 5.1 and 6.2) are characteristic of the epithelium crisis, as they are only detected during climax. They may represent molecular markers of growing stem cells. On the other hand, two polypeptides, of Mr 66,500 and 63,500, are not synthesized during this critical period, but are synthesized before and after metamorphosis. Seven polypeptides show changes in the relative rate of their synthesis during metamorphosis of the intestinal epithelium. Among them, the protein of Mr 105,000 which presents two isoelectric variants (pI 5.5 and 5.55) is immunologically related to villin. Expression of this protein has been studied using immunoblotting of cell extracts onto nitrocellulose and immunodetection in tissue sections. The protein is localized in the brush border of primary and secondary epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3447920 TI - The antitumor drug 3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium chloride (NBQ): effects on lens regeneration and interaction with DNA of Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - We have studied the effect of 3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium (NBQ) on the regeneration of the lens in adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens. NBQ has marked cytotoxic effects in tumor cells, intercalates DNA, and was found to enhance lens regeneration. Newt liver DNA was isolated, and the thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) determined to be 76.6% +/- 0.8%. The G-C content was determined to be 44.0% +/- 0.4% and 45.0% +/- 0.1%. Parameters of NBQ binding to newt DNA were determined by spectrophotometric methods and compared with those obtained for calf thymus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. The association constant, K(o), was found to be 1.1 x 10(+5) M-1 with a site-size parameter, n, of 8.7 nucleotides. No explanation is apparent for the paradoxical stimulation of lens regeneration. PMID- 3447921 TI - [Ticlopidine and pentoxifylline in acute cerebral infarct. Clinical study on 151 patients]. PMID- 3447922 TI - [Hepatic hydrothorax: description of a case resolved with pleurodesis with sterile talc]. PMID- 3447923 TI - [Hypoxia in the physiopathology and clinical aspects of hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3447924 TI - [An atypical case of subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 3447925 TI - [Diabetes mellitus secondary to psychological stress. Personal cases and pathogenetic hypotheses]. PMID- 3447926 TI - [Acute Campylobacter enterocolitis. Clinical case]. PMID- 3447927 TI - Maintenance of postconfluence stationary cell density by transient increase and decrease in cell number upon medium renewals in rat 3Y1 fibroblasts. Diminution of the decrease in cell number after cell transformation by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 3447928 TI - [Value of contrast enhancement with Gd-DTPA in MRI of brain tumors. A comparison with X-ray CT]. PMID- 3447929 TI - The effects of ageing on aminopyrine and caffeine breath tests in the rat. AB - The influence of ageing on demethylation of 14C-aminopyrine (AP) and 14C-caffeine (Caf) in Wistar littermate rats was studied serially using the 14CO2-breath test. In both sexes, the elimination half-life (t1/2) of 14C-AP fell from a mean of approximately 75 min when weaned at 17 days to 45 min at maturity (49 days); thereafter t1/2 became prolonged, being most prolonged (82 min) in elderly male rats (210 days). Similarly, t1/2 of 14C-Caf was also prolonged with ageing. These studies using in vivo and longitudinal techniques indicate the importance of ageing on hepatic demethylation. PMID- 3447930 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of the action of nifedipine and nicardipine on myocardial fibers. AB - The effects of nifedipine and nicardipine, 2 dihydropyridines (DHP) used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, were compared in frog atrial fibers. Rapid photolysis of nifedipine with a single UV flash (1-ms duration) reversed the block, allowing comparison of effects of both drugs on the same preparation, and manipulation of the calcium channel on a millisecond timescale. The results show that inhibition of the action potential (AP) and slow inward current (Isi) is more pronounced with nifedipine than with nicardipine. Concentration-effect relationships confirm that nicardipine (IC50 = 1 microM) is less potent than nifedipine (IC50 = 0.2 microM) in blocking cardiac calcium channels. Both DHP block calcium channels in the closed state at the resting potential, inducing a large tonic block (in the absence of stimulation). An additional phasic block can be observed with nifedipine and nicardipine. A slight voltage dependence to the block is observed for both DHP, their effects being enhanced depolarization holding potentials. Rapid unblocking of calcium channels by a single light flash, presented during the decay phase of Isi, reveals a higher affinity of DHP for inactivated channels. This effect is most pronounced when inactivation is slowed by using Ba++, Sr++, or Na+ ions as the current carriers. Open channel block is also suggested. The mechanism of DHP action on calcium channels can be described according to the "modulated receptor hypothesis". These DHP exhibit an additional nonspecific effect on potassium channels. It is concluded that nicardipine is a less potent Ca++ antagonist than nifedipine in atrial fibers and that the reduction of delayed potassium current, which occurs in a similar range of concentrations to the blockade of Isi, could also be involved in its therapeutic effects. PMID- 3447932 TI - Comparison of the protective effect of various flavonoids against lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes (induced by cumene hydroperoxide). AB - An experimental model system was designed to test the antioxidant effects of various pharmacologic compounds. Cumene hydroperoxide induces in vitro the peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane and the subsequent formation of malonaldehyde and fluorescent lipid-soluble products. The protective effect of various flavonoids was compared to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Protective effect was evaluated by the inhibition of peroxidation product formation. In this experimental system, quercetin and catechin showed a protective effect against lipid peroxidation as high as that of BHT. Morin, rutin, trihydroxyethylrutin, and naringin were active but to a lesser degree, whereas flavone was devoid of antioxidant activity. PMID- 3447933 TI - RO 13-6438 in congestive heart failure: dose-response relationship after 3 single doses. AB - The dose-response for the new cardiotonic agent RO13-6438 was studied in 6 patients with grade III or IV congestive heart failure. Oral doses of 10, 20, or 30 mg of RO 13-6438 were administered on 3 consecutive days in accordance with a double-blind, randomized cross-over pattern. Hemodynamic changes, which were dose dependent, included an increase in cardiac index combined with decreases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures. Heart rate remained unchanged. The area under the plasma RO 13-6438 concentration time curve and the peak plasma concentration were dose-related. At each measurement, the log concentration of RO 13-6438 correlated with the percent changes in both cardiac index and capillary wedge pressure recorded at that time. PMID- 3447931 TI - Effects of various pharmacological agents on isolated human bronchial and pulmonary arterial and venous muscle preparations contracted by leukotriene D4. AB - The response of isolated human bronchial muscle preparations to leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 0.1 microM; 0.22 +/- 0.03 g/mm2) was similar to that of histamine (50 microM; 0.21 +/- 0.02 g/mm2). Isolated pulmonary venous preparations also contracted to these same concentrations of both agonists (LTD4, 0.32 +/- 0.19 g/mm2; and histamine, 0.36 +/- 0.07 g/mm2). However, pulmonary arterial preparations responded to histamine (50 microM, 0.59 +/- 0.10 g/mm2) but exhibited a reduced response to LTD4 (0.3 microM, 0.06 +/- 0.01 g/mm2). Bronchial and pulmonary venous muscle preparations from the human lung had the same sensitivities to LTD4 (pD2 values: bronchus, 7.95 +/- 0.08 and vein, 7.76 +/- 0.07). When bronchial or pulmonary venous muscle preparations were incubated for 30 min with either diltiazem (10 microM), indomethacin (1.7 microM) or L-cysteine (3 microM), the LTD4 cumulative concentration-effect curves following these drug treatments were similar to controls. However, FPL-55712 (10 microM) significantly shifted the LTD4 concentration-effect curves produced in bronchial preparations to the right. In isolated pulmonary arterial preparations none of these drug treatments enhanced the LTD4 response. These results show that isolated human pulmonary arterial preparations are less responsive to LTD4 than bronchial or venous preparations. In addition, the data obtained subsequent to the various drug treatments indirectly suggest that the LTD4 contraction is not modified by a calcium channel blocker or by inhibition of the endogenous products of the cyclooxygenase pathway. PMID- 3447934 TI - Rapid gas-chromatographic assay of bupivacaine in plasma. AB - A method for estimating bupivacaine concentration in human plasma by capillary gas-chromatography using solid injection and nitrogen-specific detection is described. Etidocaine, another anilidetype local anesthetic was used as internal standard and added to the sample before single-step extraction with diethylether. This method demonstrates high sensitivity (6 ng/ml plasma) and combines selectivity, rapidity, and simplicity. Results of this procedure correlate well with those obtained by an HPLC method. PMID- 3447935 TI - Pharmacokinetics of orally administered tizanidine in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tizanidine, a new centrally acting muscle relaxant, have been studied in 18 normal male volunteers who received orally a single 5 mg dose, a single 20 mg dose, or repeated administration of 4 mg every 8 hr for 13 doses of [14C]tizanidine. Serial blood and breath samples and complete urine and feces were collected and analyzed for total radioactivity as well as intact tizanidine. Tizanidine was rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, although the estimated bioavailability was only 21% due to extensive first pass metabolism. The pharmacokinetics of tizanidine appeared to be linear in the 0-20 mg dose range, as indicated by the dose-proportional blood levels of total radioactivity as well as of parent drug. Absorbed tizanidine was almost completely metabolized before excretion, the major excretory route being via the kidneys. The terminal half-lives of tizanidine and radioactivity were ca 3 hr and 61 hr, respectively, and 76%-77% of the administered radioactivity was recovered within 120 hr. Repeated administration of [14C]tizanidine resulted in no apparent change in pharmacokinetic characteristics. During the 4 mg q 8 hr regimen, blood levels of tizanidine reached steady state after only 2 or 3 doses, whereas those of total radioactivity approached steady state after approximately 4 days. The degree of accumulation of radioactivity, unlike that of parent drug, was inconsistent with the terminal half-life, but instead implied a shorter effective half-life of ca. 16 hr. It appears that the terminal phase of the blood radioactivity profile represents a metabolite that is reversibly bound to and slowly released from a specific tissue depot, and that this binding involves a finite amount of drug regardless of the dose. The oral administration of [14C]tizanidine prescribed in the present study was safe and well tolerated. PMID- 3447936 TI - Pediatric endocrinology. PMID- 3447937 TI - Androgen insensitivity in forty-nine patients: classification based on clinical and androgen receptor phenotypes. AB - Androgen receptor binding was studied in genital skin fibroblasts from 49 patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) classified as complete (CAIS) or partial (PAIS) based on the clinical phenotype. The majority (64%) of CAIS and a minority (7%) of PAIS patients were receptor negative. Only 3 receptor-positive AIS cell strains of 30 studied failed to show an increase in specific receptor binding after prolonged androgen exposure in vitro. The gene coding for the androgen receptor in such patients appears intact. PMID- 3447938 TI - The role of arginine-vasopressin in the regulation of water metabolism in preterm infants in the first days of life. AB - We studied the role of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of fluid homeostasis in preterm infants. Group 1 was fed orally, groups 2 and 3 received fluids parenterally, and group 3 developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and had to be ventilated. The infants of group 3 were not able to excrete the administered fluid, gained weight and consecutively developed hyponatremia. 1-min Apgar scores as well as log FiO2 correlated significantly with urinary AVP excretion on day 1. We conclude that nonosmotic stimuli are involved in the release of AVP and therefore disturb fluid homeostasis in severely ill infants with RDS. PMID- 3447939 TI - Transient ovarian testosterone and androstenedione hypersecretion: a cause of virilization or premature pubarche in prepubertal girls. AB - In 2 girls with signs of androgen overproduction, the usual causes were excluded. Patient 1 (3.6 years) presented with hypertrophy of the clitoris, patient 2 (7.8 years) with pubic and axillary hair. Urinary steroids and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and estradiol were normal, but testosterone and androstenedione elevated in both cases. Echography showed polycystic ovaries. Testosterone and androstenedione returned to normal after laparotomy and removal of ovarian cysts in patient 1, and spontaneously in patient 2, in whom puberty started later appropriately for bone age. PMID- 3447940 TI - Iodine in contrast agents and skin disinfectants is the major cause for hypothyroidism in premature infants during intensive care. AB - In 51 sick newborns the influence of two different nonionic, iodine-containing contrast agents, Amipaque (group 1) and Omnipaque (group 2) and of long-term treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) (group 3) on thyroid function was studied. In the dose given, freshly dissolved Amipaque releases roughly 100 micrograms 'free' iodide/kg body weight; this release may be even higher in the solubilized agent Omnipaque because of increased breakdown. Urinary iodine excretion was elevated in all groups on day 5 after iodine exposure. In group 1, which included 17 term newborns, the median TSH level was normal after 5 days and 2 weeks, only 1 case of transient hypothyrotropinemia was observed; T4 and T3 median levels were in the lower range of normal. In groups 2 and 3, which included 8 preterm infants of 15 newborns and 9 preterm infants of 19 newborns, respectively, the median TSH values were elevated and T4 and T3 levels were very low. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 6 of the 8 preterm and in 1 of the 7 term newborns of group 2. In group 3, 7 of the 9 preterm and 3 of the 10 term newborns reacted with hypothyroidism. Eight preterm and 3 term newborns had to be substituted with thyroxine. The thyroid function of term newborns was less affected by Amipaque or Omnipaque than by PVP-I. The data show that preterm infants are very sensitive to an iodine load. PMID- 3447941 TI - Association of adverse perinatal events with an empty sella turcica in children with growth hormone deficiency. AB - High-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) of the hypothalamo-pituitary region was performed in 26 consecutive children presenting with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) at one clinic. 58% had an empty sella turcica (ES) and 42% a full sella turcica (FS). There was no difference between the ES and FS groups for mean (+/- 95% confidence limits) presentation age (ES 6.7 (+/- 1.8) years, FS 5.6 (+/- 2.2) years), height standard deviation score (SDS) (ES -3.9 (+/- 0.8), FS 3.3 (+/- 0.5] nor head circumference SDS (ES -1.9 (+/- 1.1), FS -0.7 (+/- 1.1]. There were significant associations between the ES group and a history of adverse perinatal events (p less than 0.001) and multiple pituitary deficiency (p = 0.014). Growth hormone response to an acute growth hormone releasing factor test showed no association with HR-CT diagnosis. Sella turcica volumes were calculated from the HR-CT scans. All sella volumes were small; mean SDS for height was -2.6 (+/- 0.2). There was no difference in sella volume SDS between the ES and FS groups (ES -2.9 (+/- 0.3), FS -2.5 (+/- 0.4]. Adverse perinatal events may cause an ES and GHD by compromising the blood supply to the pituitary gland or infundibulum. PMID- 3447942 TI - Somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor 1: an intratesticular differentiative factor of Leydig cells? AB - By using immature porcine Sertoli cells cultured in serum-free defined medium, we report that medium conditioned by Sertoli cells contained immunoreactive somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor 1 (SmC/IGF1) measured following acidic gel filtration. The release of this immunoreactive SmC/IGF1 was slightly increased following Sertoli cell treatment with fibroblast growth factor but not with follicle-stimulating hormone or growth hormone. On the other hand, human biosynthetic SmC/IGF1 exerts a potent stimulatory effect on Leydig cell differentiated functions such as LH/hCG-binding (greater than 4-fold) and hCG stimulated testosterone secretion (greater than 15-fold). This effect was dose and time dependent and the maximal increase of Leydig cell function was observed following 48 h treatment with 50 ng/ml SmC/IGF1. The steroidogenic action of the peptide was not related to Leydig cell growth since both cell number and 3H thymidine incorporation into DNA were not or slightly (approximately equal to 1.5 fold) increased in the optimal conditions with SmC/IGF1 treatment (100 ng/ml for 48 h). Moreover, the concomitant treatment of Leydig cells by both arabinoside C (10(-5) M), a DNA synthesis inhibitor, and SmC/IGF1 did not modify the stimulating effect of the peptide on LH/hCG-binding and hCG-stimulated testosterone production. Taken together, the present findings support the concept that Sertoli cell derived SmC/IGF1 could be a potent regulator of Leydig cell differentiated functions. PMID- 3447943 TI - Growth hormone in urine: development of an ultrasensitive assay applicable to plasma and urine. AB - A radiometric assay for human growth hormone (HGH) was developed based on a polyclonal goat anti-HGH antiserum covalently coupled to nonsedimenting polyacrylamide particles. HGH can be specifically immunoextracted from sample volumes of up to 10 ml. Subsequently, bound HGH is identified and quantitatively measured by a 125I-labelled monoclonal anti-HGH antibody. The assay is insensitive to plasma proteins from 10 to greater than 90%, to changing NaCl and urea molarities and to pH ranges from 6 to 8. The sensitivity in the second incubation is 2 pg/tube, corresponding to a maximum sensitivity of 300 fg/ml of a sample volume of 10 ml (urine) or of 40 pg/ml, if a volume of 50 microliter (plasma) is assayed. In healthy children, a mean HGH excretion of 6.5 ng/24 h was found with a large interindividual range from undetectable to 37.4 ng. An important intraindividual night-to-night variation of HGH excretion was found in several subsequent first morning void samples in healthy children. The mean excretion in 13 HGH-deficient children was 0.9 ng/24 h off therapy and increased to a mean of 6.9 ng/24 h on therapy. In acromegalic patients, the excreted HGH amounted to 73-208 ng/24 h. Preliminary results suggest that the ultrasensitive assay applied to plasma and urine could be a considerable improvement of diagnosis and follow-up of disorders of HGH secretion. PMID- 3447944 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve area and its correlation with surgical findings. PMID- 3447945 TI - A study of exercise provoked cardiac arrhythmias in patients of chronic rheumatic heart disease attending out patients' clinic. PMID- 3447946 TI - Differentiation of right ventricular volume overload from right ventricular pressure overload by two dimensional echo cardiography. PMID- 3447947 TI - Correlation of serum lipoproteins to the severity of angiographically defined coronary artery disease. PMID- 3447948 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 3447950 TI - Transient second degree AV block in sickle cell anaemia--a case report. PMID- 3447949 TI - Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula with rheumatic mitral stenosis--a rare association. PMID- 3447951 TI - Congenital Q-T prolongation syndrome. PMID- 3447952 TI - Congenital mitral and tricuspid stenosis presenting with cyanosis. PMID- 3447953 TI - Thrombo-angiitis obliterans of coronary artery leading to myocardial infarction. PMID- 3447954 TI - Peripartal cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombi presenting as--acute saddle embolism--a case report. PMID- 3447955 TI - Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC)--left upperlobe pulmonary vein draining into coronary sinus. PMID- 3447956 TI - Pacemaker--past present and future. PMID- 3447957 TI - Prognostic value of predischarge low level exercise. Test after acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 3447958 TI - Delayed tamponade following open heart surgery experience with eleven patients. PMID- 3447959 TI - Pacing system malfunction--management by multi programmable pacemakers. PMID- 3447960 TI - Changing trends in permanent cardiac pacing--sixteen years experience. PMID- 3447961 TI - Open heart surgery following closed mitral commissurotomy: surgical considerations and results. PMID- 3447962 TI - Aetiology of isolated severe mitral regurgitation. PMID- 3447963 TI - Calcified mobile papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve: a case report. PMID- 3447964 TI - Transient conduction disturbances and pericarditis due to non-penetrating cardiac injury. PMID- 3447966 TI - Runaway pacemaker--an unusual presentation--a case report. PMID- 3447965 TI - Surgical repair of dextrocardia with tetralogy of Fallot--a case report. PMID- 3447967 TI - Lead fracture presenting as an unusual combination of capture failure, oversensing and undersensing. PMID- 3447968 TI - Left ventricular myxoma--an echocardiographic diagnosis. PMID- 3447969 TI - Atrial standstill--a case report. PMID- 3447970 TI - Supramitral valvular fenestrated membrane diagnosed by two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3447971 TI - Left ventricular parameters in chronic cor pulmonale. An echocardiographic study. PMID- 3447972 TI - Dihydralazine in sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 3447974 TI - Coronary artery disease in young Indian subjects. PMID- 3447973 TI - Surgical experience with valvular heart disease in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3447975 TI - Clinical and hemodynamic profile of patients with chest pain syndrome and abnormal exercise electrocardiogram with normal coronary angiographic findings. PMID- 3447976 TI - Eccentricity index of the left ventricle 2-D echo study. PMID- 3447977 TI - Balloon dilatation of atrial septum in complete transposition of great artery--a new technique. PMID- 3447978 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava drainage into left atrium with tetralogy of Fallot: a case report. PMID- 3447979 TI - Left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis secondary to heart disease revisited. PMID- 3447980 TI - The course of Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs after inhalation of various quantities of L. pneumophila. AB - The course of legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs after infection with various quantities of virulent L. pneumophila serogroup 1 organisms by aerosol exposure was investigated. The clinical course, histopathological characteristics, manifestations in the lungs and clearance of the legionella organisms from the lungs and spleen were followed. Four groups were exposed to 4.3 X 10(4), 4.7 X 10(5), 5.0 X 10(6) and 1.0 X 10(8) aerosolized legionellae, respectively. The most striking clinical symptoms were fever and weight loss, which were found in 67-94% and 33-100% of the animals, depending on the dose of L. pneumophila organisms administered. Spontaneous death occurred only in animals receiving the highest dose and always within 10 days. All animals exhibited exponential growth of legionella organisms in the lungs. Maximal growth occurred 5 to 7 days after exposure and varied from 9.3 X 10(7) to 7.4 X 10(8) organisms/both lungs. Twenty two days after exposure, legionellae could still be cultured from lung tissue. Between 2 and 7 days after exposure, the spleen cultures were positive for legionellae in 41% of the animals receiving the lowest dose and in 83% of all other animals; legionellae could no longer be cultured from spleen tissue after day 7. Depending on the dose, peripherally localized areas of bronchopneumonia increased in size with time, tending to become confluent lobar pneumonia. The microscopic changes were not related to the number of inhaled organisms. In the cellular infiltrate, PMN predominated until day 7 and macrophages thereafter. Seroconversion was found in all animals that survived greater than 7 days. The present animal model closely mimics the course of events in human legionella pneumonia, thus enabling us to further study the factors involved in host resistance against legionella as well as the efficacy of various antimicrobial agents in normal and immunosuppressed animals. PMID- 3447981 TI - Lysis of natural killer-sensitive and -resistant tumor cells by natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF)-containing liposomes. AB - The lethal hit stage in NK cell-mediated lysis requires a complex series of events involving the release of NKCF, subsequent binding of these factors to the target cell, and susceptibility of the target cell to lysis by NKCF. Binding of NKCF alone is not sufficient because a number of tumor cells are able to bind NKCF without being lysed, suggesting the need for an additional processing step active on susceptible target cells. In the present study, we show that the interaction with liposome-incorporated NKCF renders NK resistant target cells sensitive to NKCF-mediated lysis. These results suggest that NKCF may mediate their cytotoxic effects through internalization of these factors into the cytosol. PMID- 3447982 TI - The inflammatory activity of activated complement in ovine and bovine mammary glands. AB - Infusion of zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP), a source of activated complement, induced inflammation in non-lactating mammary glands but not in lactating glands of ewes and cows. Interstitial injection of ZAP in lactating ovine glands also failed to induce inflammation as assessed by the neutrophil content of milk. The inflammatory activity of ZAP in non-lactating glands was inhibited by infusion of whole milk but not by skimmed milk. These results suggest that components of whole milk mask the inflammatory activity of activated complement. In addition, lactating mammary tissue of ewes and cows may lack sensitivity to the inflammatory effect of activated complement. Thus, activated complement cannot be an important mediator of inflammation in the lactating gland. PMID- 3447983 TI - Induction of inflammatory responses by endotoxin in the non-lactating ovine mammary gland. AB - In non-lactating ewes, intramammary infusion of endotoxin provokes an intense but transient inflammatory response as assessed by mammary lavage. The variability of the method for sampling the leucocytes in mammary secretions was examined. Initial lavage with 20 ml pyrogen-free saline recovered 83.0 +/- 2.8 and 84.4 +/- 3.0% of the total leucocyte numbers harvested by three serial washes of quiescent and inflamed glands, respectively. Lavage of glands prior to infusion of endotoxin did not affect the magnitude of the subsequent inflammatory response. Three treatments at 3.5 day intervals with the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, which inhibits the inflammatory response to intramammary infusion of antigen in systemically immunized ewes, did not affect the inflammatory response to endotoxin. However, the variability of the inflammatory response to activated complement was greatly increased in dexamethasone-treated ewes; this effect was attributed to the induction of lactation which results in loss of sensitivity of the gland to the inflammatory activity of activated complement. The results indicated that the macrophages and lymphocytes which are present in mammary secretions in large numbers, and dexamethasone-sensitive lymphocytes in the gland, played a trivial role in the induction of inflammatory responses to endotoxin. PMID- 3447984 TI - Analysis of the genetic control of lymphocyte positioning. AB - A possible role for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the localization of lymphocytes in different lymphoid organs was investigated using inbred mouse strains. Lymphocytes labelled with the intracellular fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (H33342) were transfused intravenously (IV) into unimmunized mice and the distribution of these labelled lymphocytes examined. In some combinations (e.g. C57BL/6----CBA) 2 h after injection allogeneic lymphocytes accumulated in the region between the marginal zones and outer aspects of the white pulp of the spleen. In contrast, in syngeneic controls (e.g. CBA----CBA) the lymphocytes migrated normally into the while pulp. Similar results were obtained in Peyer's patches. Mapping studies in the spleen indicated that the failure to migrate normally is predominantly controlled by the MHC complex, although some non-MHC genes may play a role. In the case of the MHC the most definitive combination was BALB/c-H-2dm2 (H-2L deletion mutant) lymphocytes transfused into BALB/c recipients, the mutant lymphocytes failing to migrate normally and, therefore, implicating the H-2L region in the phenomenon. No differences in the viability of labelled lymphocytes at 6 and 24 h after injection into either syngeneic or allogeneic recipients suggests that the inability of cells to passage through lymphoid organs may represent inappropriate receptors rather than elimination of the allogeneic lymphocytes by natural killer cells (NK) as previously proposed. PMID- 3447985 TI - [A case of penile horn: spinocellular epithelioma]. PMID- 3447986 TI - [Yellow nail syndrome. Description of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3447987 TI - [A case of erysipeloid]. PMID- 3447988 TI - [Generalized primary telangiectasia with involvement of the mucosa]. PMID- 3447989 TI - [Genital ulcers caused by anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 3447990 TI - [1 percent bifonazole cream in the treatment of athlete's foot. Open clinical study of 40 cases]. PMID- 3447991 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a topical preparation containing 2% hydroquinone in chloasma]. PMID- 3447993 TI - [Dimensions of the lunula and dominant hemisphere]. PMID- 3447992 TI - [Stage I cutaneous melanoma. Clinical and epidemiological findings on 313 cases]. PMID- 3447994 TI - [Capillaroscopy of the nailfold and insulin-dependent diabetes at a pediatric service]. PMID- 3447995 TI - [Multisystemic urticarial vasculitis]. PMID- 3447996 TI - [Thrombocytopenic purpura in periodic dysthrombocytopoieisis]. PMID- 3447997 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma, telangiectasic nodular type]. PMID- 3447999 TI - [Perianal Crohn disease. Description of a case]. PMID- 3447998 TI - [Tinea capitis of the adult caused by Microsporum canis]. PMID- 3448000 TI - [Recurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma at the site of a graft for radiodermatitis ulcer]. PMID- 3448002 TI - Infant feeding--contemporary issues. PMID- 3448001 TI - [Benign lichenoid keratosis. Presentation of 16 cases]. PMID- 3448003 TI - Bowel pattern and weight gain in breastfed infants. PMID- 3448004 TI - Infant feeding practices and morbidity. PMID- 3448005 TI - Adequacy of breast milk. PMID- 3448007 TI - Infant feeding with commercial milk formula in an urban community of central India. PMID- 3448006 TI - Decline in breast feeding practices in urban population of Chandigarh during a decade. PMID- 3448008 TI - Infant feeding patterns in slums of Bangalore. PMID- 3448009 TI - Infant feeding practices of peri-urban areas of Gorakhpur. PMID- 3448010 TI - Infant rearing practices & beliefs in rural inhabitants of Himachal Pradesh. PMID- 3448012 TI - Attitudes of medical and nursing personnel to breast feeding practices. PMID- 3448011 TI - Infant feeding practices among tribal communities of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 3448013 TI - Knowledge and attitude towards infant feeding among rural health personnel. PMID- 3448014 TI - Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding infant feeding among mother substitutes. PMID- 3448015 TI - Adolescent girls' perspectives on breastfeeding pointers for health education. PMID- 3448016 TI - Effect of perinatal motivation on breastfeeding in educated mothers. PMID- 3448018 TI - No honey--but colostrum and breast milk. PMID- 3448017 TI - Knowledge and attitudes of hospital employees regarding infant feeding practices. PMID- 3448020 TI - Obstetric practices and breastfeeding. PMID- 3448019 TI - Wastage of colostrum. PMID- 3448021 TI - Cesarean section and lactation failure. PMID- 3448022 TI - Infant feeding practices among women doctors in Tamil Nadu. PMID- 3448023 TI - Keratomalacia in Soyal fed infants. PMID- 3448024 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte proliferation by cholesterol: the role of endogenous sterol metabolism and low density lipoprotein receptors. AB - Cholesterol availability is a major determinant of the capacity of lymphocytes to proliferate. Either endogenously-synthesized cholesterol or that taken up from the medium can be utilized as a source for new membrane biosynthesis. Mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes augments the rate of endogenous sterol synthesis. This mitogen-induced increase in lymphocyte sterol synthesis can be observed within 4 h of stimulation and is prevented by suppressing the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase with the specific inhibitors ML-236B or mevinolin. The resultant inhibition of lymphocyte sterol synthesis does not affect mitogen-stimulated blast transformation or initial entry into the S phase of the cell cycle, even when no source of exogenous sterol is present. However, maximal enlargement of the stimulated blast cells is suppressed by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity, and lymphocyte proliferation is completely prevented. These inhibitory effects are reversed by the addition either of mevalonate, the product of the inhibited enzyme, or of low density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The finding that LDL cholesterol could not support growth of lymphocytes obtained from individuals who lacked LDL receptors indicates that LDL-mediated delivery of exogenous sterols to proliferating lymphocytes requires intact LDL receptors. The data indicate that neither endogenous sterol synthesis nor a source of cholesterol is necessary for mitogen stimulated activation and blast transformation of human lymphocytes. Subsequent enlargement and cell division requires either sterol synthesis or an exogenous source of cholesterol. When the exogenous source of cholesterol is in the form of LDL, normal LDL receptors are also necessary. PMID- 3448025 TI - Studies in vitro on the effects of rhein on the chemotaxis of human leukocytes. AB - Rhein (R: 1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone) is the active metabolite of the drug diacetylrhein (DAR), an anthraquinone molecule which has recently been proposed for the long-term treatment of osteoarthrosis. Its action mechanism in rheumatic pathology has not been fully explained. It is known that DAR, while not inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins, inhibits certain proteolytic enzymes, and acts on phlogistic cells by lysosomal enzymic and superoxide-anion modifications. Moreover DAR modifies phagocytic functions and the motility of cells. This paper is a contribution to the clarification of the last point, namely the effect of rhein on cell motility. It reports that in vitro no effect of R on random migration was found, but instead a double inhibiting effect on chemotaxis (i.e. a low-dosage and a high-dosage effect). Furthermore, R did not modify the inhibition or induce modification of chemotaxis by vinblastine. Finally R cancelled the stimulating effect of ionic potassium. The results thus indicate that R acts on the chemotaxis of the leukocytes with a complex action at different doses. The action mechanism is probably due to a membrane effect, since rhein (R) did not modify the chemotaxis-inhibiting activity of vinblastine but did interfere with the stimulating effect of K+. PMID- 3448026 TI - Effect of pirprofen on polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions in vitro. AB - The action of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) pirprofen on different functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been studied. The chemotaxis of PMNs was found to be affected by pirprofen in a dose dependent fashion; at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml (10 times lower than the therapeutic blood levels) it significantly inhibited PMN locomotion toward two different chemoattractants. Moreover pirprofen inhibited the chemiluminescent response in a dose- and stimulus-dependent way. In fact the drug inhibited the chemiluminescence induced by the soluble stimuli FMLP or PMA, but it was ineffective when zymosan particles were used. The phagocytosis and adhesion functions of the PMNs were not modified by pirprofen at the concentrations tested. These experimental results suggest that a reduction of the accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells in tissues may represent another way, together with cyclooxygenase inhibition, by which pirprofen realizes its antiinflammatory activity in vivo. PMID- 3448027 TI - Transscleral contact cyclophotocoagulation with Nd:YAG laser CW: experimental study on rabbit eyes. AB - The authors suggest a new type of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation by using the Nd:YAG laser. This was done by bringing fibre optics into contact with the sclera. The study illustrates the macroscopic, histologic and scanning electron microscopic changes produced on the ciliary body of rabbit eyes with this technique. The actual possibility and the future prospect of applying this method to the human eye still remain to be investigated. PMID- 3448028 TI - Proposed evaluation scale for damage to healthy tissues as a result of radiotherapy of chest, head and neck cancers. AB - The authors present, as a criterion of side-effect damage, an evaluation scheme based on the qualitative grading of the acute, intermediate and late effects of the therapeutic irradiation of chest, head and neck cancers. The choice of individual qualitative clinical criteria is complex and arbitrary, although the parameters used are currently found in the literature on radiotherapy. Nevertheless the classifications they have proposed, applied clinically in cases of head and neck cancers, have proved useful in assessing the risk factors of acute and late radiation effects according to the doses delivered. The gradings here described constitute a useful tool for the preliminary assessment of radiation damage and will facilitate the comparative analysis of different case series. PMID- 3448029 TI - Influence of asthmatic and rhinitic symptomatology duration on bronchial responsiveness to histamine. AB - Our Study aimed to investigate the influence of the time in years elapsed from the onset of symptoms on bronchial nonspecific responsiveness in rhinitic and asthmatic patients. The study was performed on 83 asthmatic patients and on 46 patients with allergic rhinopathy. The beginning of the symptoms and years of asthmatic or rhinitic history were particularly investigated. A histamine challenge was performed. The dose of histamine producing at 20% change in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) was calculated from the individual semilogarithmic dose-response curve (PD20). Bronchial responsiveness to histamine showed wide variability in subjects of two groups, and an overlap of the distribution curves was observed between asthmatic and rhinitic patients. A significant relationship (p less than 0.01) between the years elapsed from the onset of symptoms and bronchial responsiveness to histamine was observed in each group of patients. We noticed that the number of the years passed heightened the bronchial responsiveness to histamine in both groups of patients. PMID- 3448030 TI - Laser operation for breast cancer. AB - From April 1985 to March 1986 there were 48 cases of laser breast operations. Twelve cases of breast cancer were treated by modified radical mastectomy using a CO2 laser. Another twelve cases of breast cancer were treated conventionally using a scalped and electrocautery for the purpose of comparison. Laser surgery offers some advantages. The conventional surgery involved more blood loss (300 ml to 750 ml) and needed blood transfusion, whereas laser surgery produced a 200 ml to 400 ml blood loss with no need for transfusion. Since in laser surgery, cutting and ligation is by sealing, the laser operations took a shorter time, from 1.5 hours to 3 hours, whereas conventional surgery took 2 hours to 3.5 hours. All of the 24 cases of breast cancer, treated either by conventional or by laser surgery, had stitches removed on the tenth day. No wound disruption was observed in either group. In conclusion, laser surgery can provide a very safe and effective method in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 3448032 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. AB - Long-standing cystoid macular edema was evaluated in three groups of aphakic patients: Group A following vitrectomy, Group B without vitrectomy, and group C without vitrectomy but with associated background diabetic retinopathy. After a two-year follow-up period, no significant differences in resolution of cystoid macular edema and visual acuity were found between the three groups. PMID- 3448031 TI - Comparative study of knee function after patellectomy and osteosynthesis with a tension band wire following patellar fractures. AB - In order to assess the relative merits of patellectomy and osteosynthesis with tension band wires in patellar fractures, 66 patients given patellectomy and 30 given tension band wiring for almost identical fractures of the patella have been analysed. Following patellectomy only about half the patients achieved excellent results while after osteosynthesis excellent results were in 80%. We, therefore, recommend that whenever possible patellar fractures should be treated by accurate reduction and tension band wiring. When needed patellectomy should be performed without hesitation as the operation produces a negligible number of poor results, although excellent results will be achieved in only about half the cases. PMID- 3448033 TI - Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. AB - Two cases of the spontaneous occurrence of spinal epidural hematomas of the high thoracic area are reported. Both acute and subacute presentations of paraplegia are represented. Neither patient had experienced any significant antecedent trauma. No predisposing medical conditions were present. Both patients recovered to independent ambulation following timely operative intervention. The pertinent literature on spinal epidural hematomas is reviewed, and the differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed. The need for prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment to achieve the best neurological outcome is emphasized. PMID- 3448034 TI - Gastric carcinoma after surgical treatment for benign ulcer disease: some pathologic-anatomic aspects. AB - The study presents the autopsy findings on 55 patients with carcinoma of the operated stomach. This figure corresponds to a proportion of about 0.12% of the total number of autopsies (46,593) in the period under review (1950-1982), and of about 7.24% of the overall number of gastric carcinoma patients autopsied during that period. The male:female ratio was 5.1:1. The average "free interval" until the manifestation of cancer was 22.6 years after Billroth II resection, 23.4 years after Billroth I resection, and 34.4 years in the case of patients upon whom gastroenteroanastomosis had been performed without resection. The older the patient was at the time of the operation, the shorter was the interval before the occurrence of gastric cancer. In the majority of cases the carcinoma was localized in the gastric stump (65.4%), whereas in a quarter of the cases (25.5%) the carcinoma occurred in the area of the anastomosis itself, and in 9.1% of cases it was localized in the region of the cardia. Histologic classification of the tumors revealed 52.7% as being predominantly of the intestinal type, and 38.2% as being predominantly of the diffuse type. The organs most frequently affected by direct tumor infiltration "per continuitatem" were the pancreas (18.2%), liver (16.4%) and colon transversum (14.6%). The lymph nodes most often affected were the paragastric (63.6%) and parapancreatic lymph nodes (49.1%), those at the porta hepatic (38.2%) and the para-aortal (34.6%) lymph nodes. Haematogenous metastases were found most frequently in the liver (30.9%), skeletal system (16.4%), adrenal gland (10.9%) and lung (9.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448035 TI - Ovarian tumors in pregnancy. A community hospital's five year experience. AB - Ovarian tumor in pregnancy is a distressing problem for the obstetrician. A physician must differentiate between a manifestation of a normal physiological condition and a serious pathological condition. Fortunately an ovarian tumor in pregnancy is rare. Once the condition is suspected, a physician should use all available tools to confirm the diagnosis. A patient should be treated accordingly, keeping in mind the age of the patient, the gestational age, and the biology of different types of the tumor. PMID- 3448036 TI - Assessment of surgical residents' competence based on postoperative complications. AB - The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate surgical residents' operative skills on the assumption that differences in training might have a significant effect on postoperative complications, their type and incidence. This was accomplished using a departmental microcomputer and special non-commercial personally-developed software. There was no significant clinical difference found in the postoperative complication rate in matched groups of patients treated by senior staff and resident staff of the Department. It is suggested that the close supervision by the senior staff might play a role in this outcome. Although analysis of subgroups of patients sustaining moderate to severe postoperative complications showed a statistically significant difference between these surgeon categories, we may consider this difference attributable to the more complex operative problems handled by the senior staff in the same circumstances. PMID- 3448037 TI - Unusual presentation on the right side of ectopic testicular spleen. AB - An unusual case of right-side testicular spleen is presented. Although described as early as 1889, all cases except one were described to have occurred on the left side. This report documents a second case of extra-testicular spleen occurring on the right side. Since ectopic spleen is an extra-testicular mass and invariably benign, it must be recognized and considered in the primary differential diagnosis of any intrascrotal mass. Since ectopic intrascrotal spleen occurs in the majority of clinical cases under 20 years of age, a preoperative diagnosis of ectopic spleen will prevent possibly unnecessary radical testiculectomy in this age group. Radioactive sulphur colloid will localize in the ectopic spleen, and therefore this modality can be used as an additional preoperative diagnostic tool. Since ectopic testicular spleen was found in up to 25% of all reported cases during orchiopexy and/or herniorrhaphy repair, this entity must be familiar to general and urological surgeons. PMID- 3448038 TI - Stercoraceous and spontaneous perforations of the colon. AB - The natural histories of stercoraceous and spontaneous perforations of the colon have many similarities which justify their being considered in the same treatise. Both entities are infrequently diagnosed preoperatively, and both entities are associated with a high mortality. Although the incidence of stercoraceous and spontaneous perforations of the colon is difficult to determine, their occurrence demands a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and treatment. A critical review of available cases emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of the natural history of both entities, for it is only in this way that the high mortality associated with both can be improved upon. At least stercoraceous perforations of the colon appear to be preventable, and consideration is given to this aspect. PMID- 3448039 TI - Septisol antiseptic foam: a sensible alternative to the conventional surgical scrub. AB - Over a recent 8-year period, Septisol Foam (0.23% hexachlorophene in a 46% ethyl alcohol base) alone was used to prepare the hands and forearms of the author's surgical team. In 3480 cases, only 11 postoperative infections were encountered, for an incidence of 0.3%. All 11 infections involved patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery and/or who had high-risk factors such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, perforated appendix, emergency surgery, age over 65 years, and foreign bodies in the form of hemodialysis access shunts. Septisol Foam is an effective bacteriostatic agent that minimizes the risk of dermatitis and offers sufficient antibacterial protection without supplementary handwashing. When used according to the method described here, the foam eliminates the need for scrub brushes and reduces the total scrub time to approximately 2 minutes in each case. In addition to being safe, effective, and easy to use, this method results in a marked decrease in water consumption and considerable monetary savings. PMID- 3448040 TI - Bukolysis: young coconut water renoclysis for urinary stone dissolution. PMID- 3448041 TI - Surgery in the treatment of sequelae in the soft tissues from radiotherapy. AB - A series of 151 patients treated surgically for sequelae from radiotherapy of the soft tissues is reported. In 90 cases the resection or destructive surgery was completed by plastic surgery. Satisfactory results were obtained in all 101 cases of somatic sequelae. Clinical cure was obtained after three years in two-thirds of 41 cases in which the somatic sequelae were associated with neoplastic recurrence and in 7 of the 9 cases of radioinduced neoplasms. Postoperative complications were most frequently septic and included fistulas, diastasis, and necrosis of the flap. It is inferred that: 1) to prevent the risk of diastasis, it is advisable to avoid as much as possible tension on the irradiated tissues in the attempt to bring together the margins of the surgical wound; 2) plastic reconstructive surgery allows wide resection in order to reach nondystrophic tissues, to remove latent sepsis and to prevent neoplastic recurrence; 3) an interval, of even more than one month, between the resection and the plastic surgery is often advisable. PMID- 3448042 TI - Construction of a continent perineal colostomy by using electrostimulated gracilis muscles after abdominoperineal resection: personal technique and experience with 32 cases. AB - A series of 32 patients operated on for rectal carcinoma is reported. A new technique by using the gracilis muscles to reconstruct a functional anal sphincter after abdominoperineal resection was performed. No operative mortality was recorded. Functionality of the new sphincter was guaranteed by electromyostimulation. Electrostimulation has been useful in both increasing the muscular trophic level and in improving the postoperative bio-feedback. Perineal infection was recorded in 9 patients being the most common complication although it did not compromise the functionality of the new sphincter. In one case acute colonic ischaemia was treated by resection and definitive left colostomy. 17 out of the 27 patients in which a functional follow-up was obtained, scored a "very good" continence to stool and flatus while in 6 patients occasional episodes of incontinence to liquid stool are referred. Local or distant metastases presented in 6 patients. The obtained results encourage in continuing the research with this technique in the attempt to reduce the number of patients that must pay the high price of a definitive abdominal colostomy for cure. PMID- 3448043 TI - Sexual complications after abdominoperineal resection. AB - The sexual activity was studied in 28 males and 18 females, one year after abdominoperineal resection for low rectal carcinoma, using a questionnaire. Sexual desire, potentia coeundi and ejaculation, capacity for orgasm and sexual satisfaction in the male, and sexual desire, possibility of vaginal coitus, dyspareunia, orgasm capacity and sexual satisfaction in the female were analyzed. Among the female patients (18 cases), sexual desire was judged to be decreased in 77.77% (15 cases) and decreased capacity for orgasm occurred in 5.5% (1 case). Loss of sexual satisfaction and dyspareunia were present in 44.4% (8 cases) and 33.6% (6 cases) respectively. Among the male patients (28 cases), sexual desire decreased in 75% (21 cases), incomplete erection but sufficient for copulation occurred in 17.85% (5 cases), such as retrograde ejaculation in 10.71% (3 cases) and no ejaculation in 7.14% (2 cases) and impotentia coeundi in 25% (7 cases). In couples that reported a satisfying sexual activity, the first coitus occurred 6 months after surgery (range: 4 to 15 months). In no case was there separation of the couple after surgery. PMID- 3448044 TI - Gallstone ileus: report of 23 cases with emphasis on factors affecting survival. AB - The records of 23 patients operated for gallstone ileus in a ten-year period were reviewed. The mean age was 75 and surgical procedure consisted always in the simple relief of obstruction without cholecystectomy and fistula interruption. Operative mortality was overall 17%; excluding two patients already perforated on admission; actual mortality due to uncomplicated ileus was 9%. One patient was at his second episode of gallstone ileus and in another the obstruction was sustained by two stones. The most common site of impaction was distal ileum, while a pyloro-duodenal obstruction with Bouveret's syndrome was noted in two cases. Since age was seen to be the only variable correlated with mortality it was concluded that surgical treatment of gallstone ileus in the elderly patient should be limited to simple relief of obstruction, in case leaving cholecystectomy to a subsequent second operation. PMID- 3448045 TI - Hydatid hepatothoracic fistulas. A report of 30 cases. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on 30 patients with hepatothoracic transdiaphragmatic fistulas, classified as hepatopleural (5 cases), hepatopulmonary (11 cases), biliopleural (1 case) and biliobronchial (13 cases). Investigations included chest X-rays, bronchography, plain abdominal films, cholecystocholangiography, liver scanning, ultrasonography and CT scanning. Twenty-nine patients were submitted to 32 operations: two were performed in 1 case and three in another. Thoracotomy was performed in 20 cases, laparotomy in 7 and thoracophrenolaparotomy in 5. Surgical procedures for the treatment of endothoracic lesions included pleurectomy, middle lobectomy, lower lobectomy and wedge resections. Liver cysts were treated by cystectomy and pericystectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful in 21 patients. Complications developed in 3 patients. Operative mortality was 10.3%. PMID- 3448047 TI - Juxtapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula. Diagnosis and treatment in 19 cases. AB - Nineteen patients with distal juxtapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are reported. Eighty-four percent of the patients had undergone previous operations on the biliary tract. Fistula appears to be mostly secondary to common bile duct exploration with rigid probes or to a technical mistake in performing sphincteroplasty. Spontaneous fistula secondary to the passage of a stone into the duodenal lumen may also occur. Common duct stones were responsible for the symptoms in most cases (70%). Endoscopic sphincterotomy showed good results in cholecystectomized patients with stones. Surgery directed to the fistula or biliary by-pass are not recommended. Uncomplicated fistula probably does not require treatment. PMID- 3448046 TI - Combined medical and surgical therapy: a new approach to abdominal hydatidosis. AB - The experience with 28 patients affected by hepatic and abdominal hydatidosis and treated by combined medical and surgical therapy is reported. All the patients were subject to preoperative and postoperative medical therapy with mebendazole (50 mg/kg/daily). The percentage of living scolices in hydatid fluid obtained during surgery, evaluated microscopically and by mice inoculation, was lower in patients treated medically than in patients operated on without pre and postoperative medical therapy. These data support the efficacy of the preoperative medical therapy in order to decrease the biological activity of the parasite and, consequently the risk of secondary localization due to intraoperative dissemination. Two ultrasound proved recurrences (7.1%) were observed only in patients with multiple or diffuse hydatidosis. In these cases it is uncertain whether it was a relapsing or residual disease. No toxic or collateral effects, following the schedule of dosage and timing of the drugs used, were observed in these patients. It is concluded that, at the present time the combined medical and surgical therapy, is considered the most effective therapeutical approach to abdominal hydatidosis. PMID- 3448048 TI - Mucinous cystadenoma occurring in heterotopic pancreatic tissue. A case report. AB - The first known case of mucinous cystadenoma occurring in heterotopic pancreatic tissue is described. Histogenesis, clinical behaviour, diagnostic and therapeutic problems of such tumor are analyzed as well as the endocrine and associated neoplastic diseases. PMID- 3448049 TI - Therapy for advanced thyroid cancer: treatment of a high risk case. AB - The treatment of a high risk case of an advanced thyroid cancer is reported. The patient had a thyroid cancer with metastatic lesions of the frontal bone, left temporal bone, left sacroiliac joint, lytic destruction of C6 and lytic lesion of C7. A pre-operative immobilization of the cervical spine was performed by a halo cast set on a corset of gypsum. After this, the patient underwent a thyroidectomy and, at the same time, a metallic plate was applied to immobilize C5-C7. A month after he underwent reoperative surgery to stabilize definitively the cervical spine. Subsequently he was treated by TCT and 131I subdivided in several cycles. The latest total body scan demonstrated a complete regression of secondary lesions. PMID- 3448050 TI - Foley catheter in cardiac surgery. AB - Three cases of massive hemorrhage during open heart surgery are reported. They were successfully treated using a Foley catheter. PMID- 3448051 TI - Hypothalamic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an adolescent male: a rare manifestation of aqueductal stenosis. PMID- 3448052 TI - Pregnancy following sequential bromocriptine therapy in a hyperprolactinemic subject. PMID- 3448053 TI - Hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary microadenoma. PMID- 3448054 TI - Comparison of four high-sensitivity immunoradiometric assays for thyrotropin and results of preliminary clinical studies. PMID- 3448056 TI - Renal involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinicopathologic study of the Henry Ford Hospital experience. PMID- 3448055 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism and associated neoplasms. PMID- 3448057 TI - Primary aldosteronism at Henry Ford Hospital in the 1980s. PMID- 3448058 TI - Experimental studies on pulmonary vascular response to alveolar hypoxia during almitrine infusion in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 3448059 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of decidual cells in the human ovary during pregnancy. PMID- 3448060 TI - Urinary and serum bile acids in bile peritonitis. PMID- 3448061 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of colorectal cancer among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima. PMID- 3448062 TI - A change of computed tomographic findings of two cases of giant internal carotid artery aneurysms after cervical carotid artery occlusion. PMID- 3448063 TI - Elevation of ammonia contents in the cerebral hemisphere under the blood-brain barrier opening. PMID- 3448064 TI - Pediatric hematology. PMID- 3448065 TI - Auditory localization in a free field using discrimination procedures. AB - A rotating boom positioned a loudspeaker at ear height at a distance of 4 ft from the center of the head of S, who was seated in a darkened large anechoic chamber (684 ft); 750-msec bursts of pink noise, separated by 3.25 sec, at 54 db SPL, were presented. During the interstimulus interval the speaker was moved cw or ccw in the presence of a masking noise at 73 db SPL. Practiced young adults (2F, 1 M) judged azimuth "same" or "different"; minimum discriminable angle (MDA) was taken as P(c) = .70, corrected for false alarms (judgments "s" or "d" with no movement). Standard azimuths relative to S were at the 8 cardinal points. MDAs were best at 0 degree (c. 4.5 degrees) but were still relatively good (c. 8.5 degrees) at 180 degrees. In general, MDAs were poorer in the rear quadrants. One S excelled at MDA and exhibited the lowest false alarm rate. The effect of the masker, and random selection of standard and azimuth and of comparison stimuli at every trial, help explain the rather large MDAs compared with the minimum audible angles in the literature. The rather large determination at 90 degrees azimuth as determined by Mills (1958) was not found in these data. PMID- 3448066 TI - Speech reception thresholds for digits. AB - Of every 10 Canadians, 4 do not speak English as a first language. With non native speakers of English, SRT testing using spondaic words lists, after the fashion in the U.S.A., may be difficult or invalid. This study examined the viability of using a closed set of English digits (1, 2, 4, 5, 9) for SRT testing in a Canadian setting. Ss were 130 consecutive patients referred for audiologic assessment in an English hospital in Montreal. Approximately 1/3 were native English, 1/3 native French, and 1/3 with other ethnic languages. Digit SRTs by a 10-db-down and 5-db-up procedure correlated very highly with both the standard 3 frequency (.5, 1, 2 kc/s) pure-tone average HTL (r = .94) and the Fletcher average of the 2 best speech-frequency pure-tone HTLs (r = .96). This study concluded that serial digits are viable SRT testing material for Canadian speech audiometry and should be studied for application to other multilingual populations. PMID- 3448067 TI - Effect of warble-tone frequency deviation on threshold measurement in cases with sloping audiometric configurations. AB - A 2.1-kc/s pure-tone (p-t) mask at 80 db SPL created for 7 normal-hearing young adults a hearing threshold configuration which sloped sharply in the 2-kc/s frequency region. Conventional masked audiometry at 1, 1.5, and 2 kc/s was performed with pure tones and with tones sinusoidally modulated at 20 c/s by +/- 5, 10, and 20%. In frequency regions where the masked audiogram was relatively flat, p-t and warble-tone (w-t) HTLs were equivalent. However, at 2 kc/s, w-t HTLs were substantially better (as much as 32 db) than p-t HTLs. The w-t vs p-t discrepancy increased with frequency deviation from 5-20%, attributable to the spread of modulated signal energy into frequency regions where hearing sensitivity was better than at the nominal test frequency. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility that testing with warbled tones may underestimate the amount of hearing loss for pure tones in those with sloping audiometric configurations. PMID- 3448068 TI - High-frequency Bekesy audiometry: VI. Pulsed vs. continuous signals. AB - Carefully screened normal-hearing young adults (5M, 25 F) performed a fixed frequency version of high-frequency Bekesy audiometry (HFBA) with pure tones ranging from 2-16 kc/s, using the SHF E-800 unit (Gauz and Smith, J. Aud. Res., 1985, 25, 101-122). Pulsed (P) and Continuous (C) traces were recorded for 1 and 2 min, respectively. Data were described in types of response, amount of threshold decrement of the C trace re P traces, and rate of threshold decrement. P traces showed stability, while the majority (about 70-95%) of C traces overlapped P traces for 2-12 kc/s (our Type I). Some C traces (about 3-25% indicated adaptation followed by stabilization (Type II), while others (about 3 20% showed adaptation without stabilization (Type II/III), without regard for frequency. Rapid adaptation to the limits of the audiometer (Type III) was infrequently encountered below 14 kc/s, but showed an accelerated increase from 14-16 kc/s. During Min 2, a slight decrease in Type I responses and a corresponding increase in Type II responses were obtained. The rate of adaptation (in db/sec) increased with frequency and decreased with duration. This slope was relatively slight at 2-8 kc/s, increased at 10-12 kc/s, and increased notably at higher frequencies. Total amount of adaptation in db (P-C) increased with frequency, although mean values were rather small, most less than 5 db and none exceeding 10 db by the end of Min 2. Excluding Type III responses, no C-mode adaptation exceeded 24 db for any individual. The potential utility of HFBA and implications for future research were discussed. PMID- 3448069 TI - Fabrication of a new headset for air- and bone-conduction audiometry. AB - The construction of a new audiometric headset which supports both ac and bc transducers is described. The bc transducer can be adjusted from 0-1500 g force. Future development should be directed toward (1) determining if such a headset is adjustable and stable on different size heads, (2) determining the test-retest reliability of the force measuring system, (3) reshaping the headset to make it smaller and more comfortable, and (4) consolidating the power/amplifier supply into a single unit. PMID- 3448070 TI - Conditions under which the Haas precedence effect may or may not occur. AB - This investigation explored the stimulus conditions of the existence region in the free field of the Haas "precedence" effect. Experienced normal-hearing adults (N:5) listened to 50-msec bursts (0.2 msec rise-fall) of broadband noise from 2 loudspeakers at 1 m distance at ear level, at +/- 20 degrees re midline. Bursts from the loudspeakers were separated by interstimulus onset intervals (ISO-Is) between 0 and 50 msec. In one condition, uncorrelated noise was produced by separate generators; in a second condition (correlated noise), the signal from one generator was split and led to each speaker. Ss classified their experience of each presentation into one of five defined categories:: (1) single non-moving sound image; (2) 2 stationary but spatially distinct sound images; (3) single sound moving from lead to lag source; (4) as (3) but motion interrupted or broken; and (5) 2 successive sound images, with no apparent motion. In addition, Ss indicated direction (L-R; R-L) of any apparent motion. At 0 msec ISOI, directional judgments with either correlated or uncorrelated bursts were at or near chance level, as expected, and with correlated noises a single image was usually (71%) experienced, presumably at an apparent location at or near the midline. But with uncorrelated noises, 2 simultaneous but distinct sound images were usually (68%) perceived. At 2 msec ISOI, a weak precedence effect was exhibited for correlated noise, where the "single" response was often (55%) made; but even here the effect of the second burst was not "suppressed" entirely since direction judgments were 83% accurate. At 4 msec ISOI, "single" responses had declined to 36% for correlated and to 6% for uncorrelated noises, while by 8+ msec, "single" responses were dominated more or less completely by perceptions of dual sources. We conclude that the precedence effect is often confined to extremely brief ISOIs, and that the parameters of stimulus duration and complexity, of rise-fall times, absolute placement and angular separation of sound sources, subject differences, and a variety of types of perceptual experiences need to be addressed experimentally before the existence region of the precedence effect is well defined or uncritically accepted; and that it is too soon to attempt to posit neurophysiological mechanisms in explaining the phenomenon. PMID- 3448071 TI - [The diagnostic and therapeutic value of computerized tomography of the chest in intensive care]. PMID- 3448073 TI - Multiple liver abscesses secondary to sigmoid peridiverticulitis. PMID- 3448072 TI - [Apical pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 3448074 TI - Scorbut in a 9-month-old Belgian girl. PMID- 3448075 TI - Traumatic rupture of the duodenum. PMID- 3448076 TI - Aortic dissection with rupture into the pericardium. PMID- 3448077 TI - Anomaly of the sella turcica secondary to a displacement of the carotid artery. PMID- 3448078 TI - Unusual involvement in a case of brain tumor. PMID- 3448079 TI - Cystic cerebellar hemangioblastoma. PMID- 3448080 TI - Hematogeneous osteomyelitis in an 8-year-old child. PMID- 3448081 TI - Solitary myeloma. PMID- 3448082 TI - Renal hypernephroma complicated with a large subcapsular hematoma. PMID- 3448083 TI - Ependymoma of the filum terminale. PMID- 3448084 TI - Biliary stone ileus. PMID- 3448085 TI - Fusion of mitochondria. AB - In this communication we reported the fusion of mitochondria of hepatocytes extracted from a rat liver. It was found that fusion occurred at an electric field of 1.56-1.8 kV/cm at room temperature. Further increase in the field strength (greater than 1.8 kV/cm) was accompanied by the breakdown of mitochondria. PMID- 3448086 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of adrenodoxin reductase cDNA from bovine adrenal cortex. AB - cDNA clones for bovine adrenodoxin reductase were isolated, and the primary structure of the enzyme precursor was deduced from their nucleotide sequences. The precursor consists of 492 amino acids including an extrapeptide of 32 amino acids at the amino terminus. The extrapeptide is hydrophilic [corrected] and rich in arginine. The amino terminal sequence of the precursor is homologous with that of the adrenodoxin precursor. A possible FAD- or NADPH-binding site is present near the amino terminus of the mature enzyme. PMID- 3448087 TI - Inhibition by rifamycin AF/013 of thyroid hormone binding to the nuclear receptor. AB - Rifamycin AF/013, a potent inhibitor of nucleic acid polymerizing enzymes and of some hormone receptors, strongly inhibited thyroid hormone-binding to the isolated nuclear receptor. Fifty percent inhibition was obtained at AF/013 concentration of as low as 8 micrograms/ml. AF/013, however, only weakly promoted dissociation of the bound hormone from the receptor. The inhibitory action of AF/013 was competitive with respect to and reduced the receptor's affinity for the hormone. PMID- 3448088 TI - Structural studies of cell wall polysaccharides from Bifidobacterium breve YIT 4010 and related Bifidobacterium species. AB - The chemical compositions of the cell walls obtained from 8 strains in 5 species of Bifidobacterium were analyzed. These cell walls were shown to be composed of peptidoglycan and polysaccharide moieties. Some variations with respect to contents of neutral sugars and content of phosphorus were observed with some cell wall preparations from the same species. The neutral polysaccharides in cell walls of 4 strains of Bifidobacterium (B. bifidum YIT 4007, B. breve YIT 4010, B. infantis YIT 4025, and B. longum ATCC 15707) were purified and their chemical structures were analyzed. One of these polysaccharides, obtained from B. breve YIT 4010, was analyzed in detail by GLC, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses, methylation, Smith degradation and acetolysis, and the results suggested the following structure for the repeating unit of the polysaccharide: (Formula: see text). PMID- 3448090 TI - Active site organization of bacterial type I fatty acid synthetase. AB - Four kinds of active sites of bacterial fatty acid synthetase were mapped on distinct regions within a subunit. Active sites were specifically labeled with radioactive substrates and active-site-directed inhibitors. Labeled enzymes were cleaved with proteases, and the fragments thus produced were identified with respect to specific labels by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a fluorographic technique. The linear alignment of such fragments in the original subunit was established and when the results were combined with those of our previous work, five active sites were located in three regions as follows. Starting from the N-terminal of the subunit, we located acetyl, malonyl and palmitoyl transferases in the first region, the acyl carrier site in the second region (Morishima & Ikai (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 832, 297-307), and beta ketoacyl synthetase in the third region. The observed order of active sites of bacterial fatty acid synthetase can be correlated with that of the yeast enzyme, which has two kinds of subunits. PMID- 3448089 TI - Purification and characterization of phospholipase A2 from Trimeresurus gramineus venom. AB - Phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity from the venom of Trimeresurus gramineus (the Green Habu snake) via three steps consisting of Sephadex G-75, DEAE-cellulose, and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. Molecular weight determinations showed that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 14,000. The isoelectric point was 4.5. The enzyme is characterized by high contents of acidic amino acids, glycine, and half cystine. Calcium ion was essential for eliciting activity. The enzyme was inactivated by alkylation of a single histidine residue with p-bromophenacyl bromide following pseudo first-order kinetics, and the rate of the inactivation was depressed in the presence of Ca2+. The N-terminal sequence of this enzyme determined to the 40th residue was found to be highly homologous to that of Trimeresurus okinavensis phospholipase A2 but not to that of Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2. The phenylalanine residue at the 27th position of T. gramineus phospholipase A2 is noteworthy because all other phospholipases A2, with only two exceptions, contain a tyrosine residue at this position. PMID- 3448091 TI - High-molecular-weight cadmium-binding proteins in rat liver cytosol: isolation and partial characterization of an approximately 50-kDa protein. AB - The time-dependent changes in the chromatographic pattern of subcutaneously injected cadmium associated with non-metallothionein cadmium-binding proteins were studied in the rat liver cytosol. Prior to the induction of cadmium-thionein (less than 3 h), cadmium appeared in three major peaks (P-1 with the void volume, P-2 and P-3) on Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Accompanied with the emergence of apo-metallothionein (about 3 h after administration), the amount of P-3 decreased and instead a cadmium-thionein peak (P-4) increased. Ion-exchange chromatography of P-3 with a combination of CM and DEAE Bio-Gel columns showed the existence of three major cadmium-binding proteins with molecular sizes of 46 kDa (in the CM Bio-Gel column eluate), 50 kDa (in the DEAE Bio-Gel column eluate), and 41 kDa (in the non-adsorbed fraction). The cadmium-binding protein in the CM Bio-Gel column eluate was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified protein (CM-CdP) was 47 or 53 kDa in molecular size as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel filtration chromatography, respectively. The apparent dissociation constant and maximum binding for cadmium were about 1 microM and 1 mol of the metal/mol of protein, respectively. The isoelectric point was estimated to be 8.8. The amino acid composition showed that the protein was relatively rich in glutamyl (including its amide) and alanyl residues. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as Ala-Pro-Ile-Ala Gly-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Gly-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gly-. In-vitro experiments revealed that cadmium bound to CM-CdP could be easily transferred to apo-metallothionein, confirming that the affinity for the metal of the former protein was lower than that of the latter. PMID- 3448092 TI - Branched long chain bases in cerebrosides of the guinea pig Harderian gland. AB - Cerebrosides obtained from the guinea pig Harderian gland were analyzed. The purified cerebrosides gave a single spot on thin-layer chromatography, the Rf value being similar to that of phrenosine obtained from whale brain. The cerebrosides consisted of 74.7% of glucosylceramide and 25.3% of galactosylceramide. The fatty acid composition of these cerebrosides was 0.7% of non-hydroxy fatty acids and 99.3% of alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. Among these alpha hydroxy fatty acids, a small amount of methyl branched acids was detected. The substituted position of methyl branching of alpha-hydroxy fatty acids was the 16th carbon atom from the carboxyl end irrespective of the carbon chain length. The long chain bases were composed of sphinganine (78%) and sphingenine (22%). 4 D-Hydroxysphinganine was not found. The most remarkable feature of the long chain bases of cerebrosides in the Harderian gland was the presence of a large amount of methyl branched sphinganine. The cerebrosides obtained from the cerebrum and cerebellum of the same animal were also analyzed. The sugar, fatty acid, and long chain base compositions of these cerebrosides were similar to those of whale brain cerebrosides. Methyl branched sphinganine was not found in guinea pig brain. PMID- 3448093 TI - Elastic properties and beta-sheet structure of connectin threads. AB - Connectin is a very long and flexible protein of striated muscle, linking myosin filaments to z discs in a sarcomere. Isolated native connectin in solution frequently forms elastic threads upon concentration of the solution, by side-by side association of molecules. An X-ray diffraction study was performed to examine the presence of beta-sheet structure in artificially prepared threads. The elastic properties of such threads were measured at various temperatures. Negative temperature dependence of the elastic coefficient suggests that the elasticity of connectin threads is due to deformation of the three-dimensional structure and not to rubber-like behavior. PMID- 3448094 TI - Occurrence of both (25R)- and (25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestanoic acids in urine from an infant with Zellweger's syndrome. AB - Urine from a patient with Zellweger's syndrome was examined for bile acids after fractionation into three groups according to mode of conjugation. 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-Trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid was the predominant bile acid of the unconjugated and glycine-conjugated bile acid fractions. Smaller amounts of cholic acid and 1 beta-, 6 alpha-, 24-, and 26-hydroxylated derivatives of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid were found in both fractions in similar proportions. The bile acid spectrum of the taurine conjugated bile acid fraction was different from those of the other two fractions in the occurrence of two new compounds as the major constituents. These compounds were tentatively identified as two epimers at C-23 of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestano-26,23-lactone, which were probably artifacts formed from the corresponding tetrahydroxycholestanoic acids during the procedures for extraction after hydrolysis. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid excreted into the urine as the unconjugated form consisted of a mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-isomers in the ratio of about 7:3. PMID- 3448095 TI - Reduced renal reabsorption of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol in diabetic rats and mice. AB - A stable amount, approximately 60 micrograms, of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) was detected in the 24-h-urine of normal young rats fed ad libitum. Upon administration of streptozotocin (STZ), this amount was temporarily elevated to as much as 1.1 mg and AG was concomitantly removed from the circulation. The plasma AG level stayed almost null thereafter while the acutely elevated urinary AG excretion declined within 24 h to another stable excretion level that was three times as high as that of the untreated rats. In contrast, glucosuria developed much more slowly in the drug-treated rats. Normal rats and mice retained exogenous [14C]AG to a considerable extent and the radioactivity was distributed all over the body. Only a marginal fraction of the radioactivity was excreted as expired CO2. The radio-activities retained in the body and excreted into the urine were mostly attributed to unmetabolized AG. The observations of AG's metabolic stability and its relatively low level of leakage into urine suggested the concept of effective renal AG reabsorption. On the other hand, the rats with STZ-induced diabetes and NOD-mice with spontaneously developed diabetes retained little of the radioactive AG in their bodies; most of the injected radioactivity was recovered in the urine within 24 h. This observation was interpreted as due to reduced renal AG reabsorption in these animals. The concept of reduction in renal AG reabsorption in diabetes could account for the reduced plasma AG level generally observed in human diabetic cases. PMID- 3448096 TI - Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants affected in their division response to starvation. AB - Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants have been selected on the basis of an altered response to nutritional stimulation of cell division (changed division response, cdr). Two new loci (cdr1 and cdr2) were identified and characterized. When suspended in nitrogen-free medium wild-type cells underwent stimulated rates of division and became reduced to approximately 30% in protein content with a concomitant 3.6-fold increase in cell number after 24 h starvation. cdr cells had significantly smaller increases in cell number. The ratio of starved/unstarved protein content was higher for the cdr strains than for the wild type. cdr cells were also affected in their response to nitrogen-source shifts from proline to glutamate (or vice versa) or when shifted from serine phosphate to inorganic phosphate, showing that the alteration in division response was not restricted to nitrogen metabolism. Upon nitrogen starvation wild-type cells arrested prior to the cdc10 execution point, whereas cdr cells arrested later in the cell cycle. cdc25-22 cdr1 or cdr2 double mutants grew very slowly and were extremely elongated at all temperatures; the restrictive temperature was reduced to 27 degrees C. wee1 was epistatic to cdr mutations with respect to cell length at the cell plate stage. cdr+ genes are postulated to play a role in the nutritional modulation of the mitotic size control. PMID- 3448097 TI - Interaction of plasma membrane-associated filaments and H-2 histocompatibility antigens before and after induced patching and capping. AB - The interaction of H-2 antigens and plasma membrane-associated filaments was studied on dry-cleaved preparations of immunogold-labelled lymphoma cells. In prefixed cells, the plasma membrane-associated network was isotropic without any prevailing direction of the filaments, and the gold-labelled H-2 antigens were preferentially localized over or at a very short distance from membrane associated filaments. Incubation of unfixed cells with anti-H-2 antibodies followed by fixation and incubation with anti-Ig, did not induce detectable redistribution of H-2 antigens or of the filament network. Notwithstanding this apparent absence of rearrangement of H-2 antigens and filaments, a detergent resistant linkage to the cytoskeleton was induced. Before immune incubations, virtually all H-2 antigens were solubilized by extraction with Triton X-100, while after incubation with anti-H-2 antibodies about 50% of the H-2 antigens were linked to the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton. Sequential addition of anti-H-2 and anti-Ig antibodies to unfixed cells induced formation of patches and caps of H-2 antigens. Under these conditions, the majority of the H-2 antigens became linked to the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton. Redistribution into patches and caps was often accompanied by a local rearrangement of the isotropic network into bundles of parallel filaments immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. Patches were seen to overly both isotropic networks and these parallel filaments. Large sheets of plasma membrane overlying parallel filaments were frequently devoid of gold-labelled H-2 antigens and coated pits, and thus most probably represented areas away from caps. This observation suggests that capping is accompanied by a rearrangement of filaments close to the membrane. PMID- 3448098 TI - A glycoprotein rapidly labelled with [14C]glucose present in a murine melanoma cell line. AB - If a murine melanoma cell line PG19 is metabolically labelled with [14C]glucose for a short time, one particular membrane component incorporates more radioactivity than the rest. This is a glycoprotein of about Mr 100,000, which is not preferentially labelled in non-malignant variants of the melanoma or in suppressed hybrid cells formed between PG19 and mouse fibroblasts. PMID- 3448099 TI - Formation, distribution and dissociation of intercellular junctions in the lens. AB - A 70,000 Mr membrane protein (MP70) has previously been identified as a specific component of lens intercellular junctions. In this paper we use anti-MP70 immunofluorescence microscopy of dissected fibre bundles to study the formation, distribution and dissociation of junctional plaques in the outer cortex region of the sheep lens. Abundant, small junctional plaques are assembled de novo in the broad sides of the elongating fibres near the equatorial lens periphery. In fully elongated, pole-to-pole fibres, junctional plaques are generally larger, and while dispersed on the broad sides of the fibres in the equatorial lens plane, these junctions line up in the middle of the broad and narrow sides of the fibres in the lens polar regions. This precisely defined positioning is independent of junction size and hence cannot solely be explained by the constraints of fibre width. Junctional plaques fragment to smaller sizes and MP70 is cleaved to MP38 in mature, enucleated fibres located in the deeper portions of the lens outer cortex. These results demonstrate a dynamic aspect of lens intercellular junctions and show that they are positioned in a precise fashion, possibly in association with other membrane or cytoskeletal components. PMID- 3448100 TI - Direction of sliding and relative sliding velocities within trypsinized sperm axonemes of Gallus domesticus. AB - Trypsin digestion of demembranated fowl spermatozoa caused a longitudinal splitting of the distal part of the axoneme. The resulting strands, consisting of groups of doublet microtubules, formed left-handed helices. On the evidence of electron micrographs, the digestion had caused the loss of dynein arms from the outer row; it is assumed that the doublets remained linked together by dynein arms of the inner row. When such helices were mechanically detached from the proximal flagellum and reactivated with adenosine triphosphate, they lengthened in an orderly way by inter-doublet sliding. All the doublets of the axoneme could be reactivated and in all instances the direction of sliding was the same as that reported for the cilia of Tetrahymena. Within the groups of doublets the measured inter-doublet displacements were generally similar, suggesting that the rates of sliding had been equivalent. These findings are contrasted with the differential pattern of activation that is assumed to occur in vivo. PMID- 3448101 TI - Movements of fluorescent probes in the mechanism of cell fusion induced by poly(ethylene glycol). AB - It has been claimed that purified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is able only to aggregate cells and not to fuse them. In our hands, purified PEG 6000 (recrystallized/dialysed) induces both aggregation and fusion of human erythrocytes, and the mechanism of fusion by the purified polymer has been investigated with fluorescent probes. No movement of a carbocyanine probe or of octadecyl rhodamine B chloride from labelled to unlabelled cells occurred in the absence of PEG or with cells treated with concanavalin A, protamine or spermine. With 40% PEG, however, both probes immediately started to diffuse into the membranes of unlabelled cells. This indicates that continuity between the phospholipid bilayer membranes of adjacent erythrocytes (i.e. membrane fusion) is established within seconds in concentrated solutions of the polymer, and precedes the cell fusion event that is induced by purified PEG. These observations are consistent with the idea that micro-regions of shared phospholipid bilayer may be formed in the membranes of cells when they are forced together as a consequence of the dehydrating action of PEG. Intact erythrocytes were cytoplasmically labelled with 6-carboxyfluorescein to avoid the possibility that loading the cells with a cytoplasmic marker by hypotonic haemolysis might modify their response to PEG. Unlike the lipid probes, carboxyfluorescein did not diffuse from labelled to unlabelled cells in the presence of 40% PEG, and there was little diffusion on subsequent dilution of the polymer solution to 13%. However, after the PEG solution had been replaced by an isotonic buffer, a rapid transfer of the cytoplasmic fluorophore to unlabelled cells often occurred. This is considered to be more consistent with the osmotic rupture of a membranous barrier, such as a shared bilayer, between the labelled and unlabelled cells than with the return of cytoplasmic viscosity to normal when the PEG is removed. Possible reasons are discussed for the reported inability of purified PEG to fuse fibroblasts with hypotonically loaded human erythrocytes. PMID- 3448102 TI - Effect of phorbol myristate acetate and the chemotactic peptide fNLPNTL on shape and movement of human neutrophils. AB - The results show that the distinct types of shape produced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and by chemotactic peptides (fNLPNTL) are associated with distinct types of neutrophil movement. Whereas the chemotactic peptide can induce front tail polarity characterized by an expanding front, a contracted tail and preferential unidirectional movements of intracellular organelles, PMA can only elicit non-polar movements characterized by random formation and retraction of projections all over the surface, intracellular movements of organelles being ill defined and changing in direction. Combined stimulation of human neutrophils with PMA and fNLPNTL results in a suppression of peptide-induced polarity and the formation of non-polar motile cells resembling those stimulated with PMA alone. The results suggest that the diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathway may be instrumental in transducing or modulating signals to the locomotor apparatus of the cell. PMA-treated cells are, however, still capable of developing directional responses when appropriately stimulated. The findings lead to the hypothesis that distinct types of neutrophil movements are preferentially associated with distinct functions. PMID- 3448103 TI - Hydrolysis of bovine and caprine milk fat globules by lipoprotein lipase. Effects of heparin and of skim milk on lipase distribution and on lipolysis. AB - Heparin can dissociate lipoprotein lipase from casein micelles, and addition of heparin enhances lipolysis in bovine but not in caprine milk. Heparin shortened the lag-time for binding of lipoprotein lipase to milk fat globules and for lipolysis. Heparin counteracted the inhibitory effects of skim milk on binding of lipase and on lipolysis. Heparin stimulated lipolysis in all bovine milk samples when added before cooling and in spontaneously lipolytic milk samples also when added after cooling. Heparin enhanced lipolysis of isolated milk fat globules. Hence, its effect is not solely due to dissociation of lipoprotein lipase from the casein micelles. Cooling of goat milk caused more marked changes in the distribution of lipase than cooling of bovine milk; the fraction of added 125I labeled lipase that bound to cream increased from about 8 to 60%. In addition, caprine skim milk caused less inhibition of lipolysis than bovine skim milk. These observations provide an explanation for the high degree of cold storage lipolysis in goat milk. Heparin had only small effects on the distribution of lipoprotein lipase in caprine milk, which explains why heparin has so little effect on lipolysis in caprine milk. The distribution of 35S-labeled heparin in bovine milk was studied. In warm milk less than 10% bound to the cream fraction, but when milk was cooled, binding of heparin to cream increased to 45%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448104 TI - Isolation of bovine immunoglobulins and lactoferrin from whey proteins by gel filtration techniques. AB - Whey is a suitable source of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin to enrich infant formulas. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and on Fractogel TSK HW-55 was used to isolate immunoglobulins from colostral whey, acid whey, and Cheddar cheese whey. The SDS-PAGE and immunoelectrophoresis techniques indicated that the purity of the fractions from fractionation on Sephacryl S-300 was better than that by fractionation on TSK HW-55 column. Biological activity of fractions from the Sephacryl S-300 column as assessed by immunochemical analysis was 99, 83.3, and 92% for colostral, acid, and sweet wheys. The well-proven antimicrobial agent, lactoferrin, was isolated from sweet whey by heparin-attached Sepharose. Lactoferrin selectively adsorbed to the column was subsequently eluted with 5 mM Veronal-HCl containing .5 M NaCl, pH 7.4. Purity of the isolated protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 3448105 TI - Effects of volatile fatty acids on propionate metabolism and gluconeogenesis in caprine hepatocytes. AB - Isolated caprine hepatocytes were incubated with fatty acids of various chain lengths. Short-chain fatty acids effects on rates of gluconeogenesis and oxidation from [2-14C]propionate were determined. Additions of glucose (2.5 mM) had no effect on hepatic [2-14C]propionate metabolism in the presence and absence of amino acids. A complete mixture of amino acids increased label incorporation from [2-14C]propionate into [14C]glucose by 22%. Butyrate inhibited [2 14C]propionate metabolism and increased the apparent Michaelis constant for [2 14C]propionate incorporation into [14C]glucose from 2.4 +/- 1.5 to 5.6 +/- .9 mM. Butyrate's effects on propionate were similar in the presence and absence of L carnitine (1 mM). Isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate (1.25 mM) had no effect on [14C]glucose production but decreased 14CO2 production to 57, 61, and 54% of the control [2-14C]propionate (1.25 mM). This inhibition on 14CO2 production was not competitive. Isovalerate had no effect on either [2 14C]propionate incorporation into glucose or CO2. An increase in ratio of [14C]glucose to 14CO2 from [2-14C]propionate demonstrated that short-chain fatty acids other than butyrate do not inhibit gluconeogenesis from propionate. In addition, fatty acids that generate a net synthesis of intracellular oxaloacetate may partition propionate carbons toward gluconeogenic rather than oxidative pathways in goat hepatocytes. PMID- 3448106 TI - Lactation response to short-term abomasal infusion of choline, inositol, and soy lecithin. AB - Five lactating Holstein cows averaging 13 wk postpartum were used in a Latin square design to examine the effect of daily abomasal infusion of choline (22 g), myo-inositol (37 g), soy oil (325 ml), or crude soy lecithin (900 ml) on lactation performance. Dry matter intake was reduced by infusion of soy lecithin as compared with infusion of water (18.1 and 21.1 kg/d, respectively). Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration was increased when cows received the myo inositol or soy lecithin infusion, and plasma glucose was lower when cows received the choline or soy lecithin treatment. Infusion of soy lecithin caused approximately a twofold increase in plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentration. Milk fat percentage and milk fat yield were greater during soy lecithin infusion (3.54%, 1.11 kg/d) than during water (3.09%, .98 kg/d) or soy oil (3.06%, .98 kg/d) infusion. This resulted in greater 3.5% FCM yield during soy lecithin infusion (31.6 kg/d) than during water (29.5 kg/d) or soy oil (29.6 kg/d) infusion. Infusion of phospholipid with triglyceride allowed more fatty acid to be infused without causing diarrhea. Infusion of triglyceride in the presence of phospholipid increased milk fat synthesis whereas infusion of triglyceride alone did not. PMID- 3448107 TI - An oxalate-sodium hydroxide buffer to study the role of milk replacer coagulation in preruminant calves. AB - An oxalate-NaOH buffer, which prevents coagulation in the abomasum of young calves, was added to a nonclotting milk replacer based on high heat skim milk powder, to investigate effects of this buffer on digestibility and metabolism of dietary components. Twelve Holstein male calves were allotted at random in two groups of six animals each and fed the experimental milk replacers from 3 to 17 d of age. Digestibility of dry matter, protein, and fat was similar for both control and buffered milk replacers. Concentrations of plasma glucose, triglycerides, alpha-amino nitrogen, and urea were the same in animals receiving buffer treated milk replacer and control diets. The data suggests that this oxalate-NaOH buffer would be suitable to prevent milk clotting in studies dealing with the importance of coagulation in digestion and metabolism in preruminant calves. PMID- 3448108 TI - Duodenal flow of digesta in preruminant calves fed clotting or nonclotting milk replacer. AB - Four Holstein male calves each were fitted with a reentrant duodenal cannula and fed a low heat milk replacer with or without an oxalate-NaOH buffer known to prevent curd formation in the abomasum. Animals were used in a crossover design to study the effect of milk clotting on duodenal flow of DM, fat, protein, lactose, and Ca. Clotting affected the flow of DM, protein N, total N, and fat as shown by the more uniform gastric emptying of the clotting milk replacer compared with the nonclotting one. For both treatments, the flow rate of these components reached a peak 2 h after feeding. Clotting did not alter the flow rate of free amino N, lactose, and Ca. The cumulative flow of DM, lactose, and Ca was similar for the clotting and nonclotting milk replacers rising gradually during the first 4 h postfeeding and tending to plateau thereafter. The clotting milk replacer resulted in a more linear cumulative flow of fat, protein N, and total N than the nonclotting one. Proteolysis of milk protein in the abomasum was the same for the two milk replacers as indicated by the total flow of free amino N measured over 24 h. Data suggest that milk clotting modifies abomasal flow of milk constituents retained in the abomasal clot but does not alter the flow of constituents in the whey fraction. PMID- 3448110 TI - Associations of bovine blood and milk polymorphisms with lactation traits: Guernseys. AB - First lactation milk yield and percentages of fat, solids-not-fat, and protein were analyzed in Guernsey cows to determine relationships of production traits to genetic markers at 16 polymorphic loci. The polymorphic systems examined were blood groups A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, and Z; blood proteins transferrin, hemoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase; and milk proteins beta-lactoglobulin, alpha s1-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein. Different statistical models were utilized to evaluate direct genetic marker effects, linkage group effects, and heterozygosity effects. There were many indications of relationship with milk composition traits but for milk yield only for A system direct effects and for F system linkage effects. Pronounced associations between markers and component percentages were noted for the J, Z, and beta-lactoglobulin systems with fat percentage, for the M system with fat and solids-not-fat percentages, for the alkaline phosphatase system with solids-not-fat percentage and protein percentages, and for L and alpha s1-casein systems with protein percentage. Additionally, the interaction of beta-lactoglobulin and alpha s1-casein markers was significant for deviations of percent fat and percent solids-not-fat. PMID- 3448109 TI - Associations of bovine blood and milk polymorphisms with lactation traits: Holsteins. AB - First lactation milk yield and percentages of fat, solids-not-fat, and protein were analyzed to determine the possible relationships between 14 polymorphic loci and production in Holstein cows. The polymorphic systems examined were blood groups (A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, and Z), serum transferrin, and milk proteins (beta-lactoglobulin, alpha s1-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein). Several statistical models were utilized. Although results differed according to the analysis conducted, in general, no system had a significant association with first lactation milk yield expressed as a herdmate deviation. Most striking were the relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and percent solids-not-fat and protein deviations; beta-casein and kappa-casein alleles had statistically significant associations with these traits. The F system was significant for percent fat deviations, whereas J x L system interactions were significant for all traits. Degree of heterozygosity over the 14 systems was positively associated with percent protein deviations. PMID- 3448111 TI - Profiles of uterine protein in flushings and progesterone in plasma of normal and repeat-breeding dairy cattle. AB - Uterine secretions were collected nonsurgically from 15 normal and 9 repeat breeder Holstein and Jersey cows on d 0 and 5, 10, or 15 of an estrous cycle. Uterine flushings presented 19 protein bands in one-dimensional PAGE, but only 16 bands were found in gels of plasma samples of normal and repeat-breeder cows. Red blood cell contamination of uterine flushings ranged from 50,400 to 4,940,000 cells/ml of flush recovered for visibly clear samples to over 17 x 10(6) cells/ml in obviously red samples. A prealbumin (electrophoretic mobility relative to albumin; Ra 1.28) and a pretransferrin (Ra .72) were found in uterine flushings. A possible uterine protein (Ra .35) was probably a hemoglobin-like contaminant. Data suggest that differences in peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle in repeat-breeder cattle may provide the basis for altered synthesis or secretion of uterine proteins needed for development by early embryos. PMID- 3448112 TI - Motility and fertility of bull sperm frozen-thawed differently in egg yolk and milk extenders containing detergent. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine survival and fertility of frozen bull sperm processed in several extenders containing a detergent mixture, sodium, and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate. Addition of .5% (vol/vol) detergent to whole milk was completely spermicidal. When 10% egg yolk (vol/vol) was included in the glycerol or nonglycerol fractions or both fractions of milk, sperm were equally well preserved in the presence of .5% detergent, and sperm survival following thawing at 4 degrees C was dramatically improved by the detergent. This improved result with the 4 degrees C thaw temperature also was obtained by adding .5% detergent to an egg yolk-Tris extender. Thawing temperatures of 30 and 50 degrees C (later for 15 s) were generally superior to 4 degrees C. A fertility trial with whole milk, whole milk-10% yolk, whole milk-10% yolk-.5% detergent, egg yolk Tris, and egg yolk-Tris-.5% detergent was conducted. The 59-d percent nonreturns, respectively, were 73.4, 65.8, 65.6, 69.5, and 73.4. Whole milk or egg yolk-Tris plus detergent were equally superior to the other extenders for bull semen. PMID- 3448113 TI - Dynamics and significance of coagulase-negative staphylococcal intramammary infections. AB - Cows (n = 139) were sampled within 17 d postpartum and monthly thereafter to examine dynamics of mammary infections and relationships between infection status, milk yield, SCC, NAGase activity, and chloride concentration. Forty-eight and 67% of cows and 19.5 and 30.5% of quarters were infected at first test and lactation end, respectively, with 51% of all infections present at first test. Coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 67 and 65% of first test and total infections with 85% persisting to lactation end. Animals with coagulase-negative staphylococci infections had significantly elevated quarter SCC and NAGase activity and a decrease of 821 kg mature equivalent lactation milk production compared with uninfected animals. Clinical cases with no bacterial isolation or major pathogen infections were associated with significant elevations in bucket and quarter milk SCC, NAGase activity, chloride concentration in quarters, and a decrease of 1153 kg mature equivalent lactation milk production as compared with uninfected animals. Correlations between milk production and in SCC and ln NAGase and between ln SCC and ln NAGase were -.15, -.25, and .55 (-.23, -.28, and .41 for first lactation only). PMID- 3448114 TI - Multiple infusions of cloxacillin for treatment of mastitis during the dry period. AB - Efficacy of multiple and single intramammary infusions of benzathine cloxacillin (500 mg/quarter) were compared for treatment of mastitis during the dry period. Treatments were three infusions, one each at 0, 7, and 14 d into the dry period; one infusion at drying off; and no infusions. Cows were grouped (30/treatment) based on previous mastitis history, mean monthly SCC, mature equivalent milk production, and pathogen detected pretreatment. Infected quarters/cow at parturition, posttreatment were 1.26, 1.6, and 2.35 for multiple, single, and no infusion groups, respectively. Milk production and somatic cell count posttreatment were not affected by treatment. Across all genera of microorganism, 75.5, 73.6, and 52.8% of infections were eliminated in the multiple, single, and no infusion groups, respectively. Primary effect of multiple infusions with cloxacillin in the dry period was to prevent new streptococcal infections. Sensitivity tests on staphylococcal isolates indicated that cloxacillin was still an effective dry cow treatment after 7 yr of use in the herd. Resistance to cloxacillin in approximately half the posttreatment staphylococcal isolates appeared to be nonenzyme (penicillinase) dependent. Multiple dry cow treatments with cloxacillin do not offer any advantage over a single treatment. PMID- 3448115 TI - A lactation measure of somatic cell count. AB - Adjustments and weights to combine individual sample day SCC into a lactation measure were developed from 182,446 Holstein lactation records completed in 1984 from herds primarily in the western United States. Data included 1,660,782 sample day SCC expressed as log base 2 scores. Stage of lactation effects were investigated within average lactation score. Curves for lactations with averages less than 3.5 were essentially identical, which indicated that effect of stage of lactation did not increase with average somatic cell score. Lactations with averages above 4.5 did not display the typical curve of an early minimum followed by a gradual increase and, therefore, were excluded from estimating effects of stage of lactation and season. Curve for lactations with an average somatic cell score of 4.0 was intermediate. Small season effects were detected; scores were lowest in February and March and highest in August, September, and October. Parties after first had similar curves for effect of stage of lactation, but first parity showed relatively little increase in late lactation. Weightings were developed to combine adjusted sample day scores into a lactation measure. Weights were squares of correlations (computed from sample days grouped by month) between adjusted score for a given sample day and average of adjusted scores from other sample days. Weights were lowest at start of lactation, highest in midlactation, and intermediate at end of lactation. PMID- 3448116 TI - Milk production characteristics of the Kenana breed of Bos indicus cattle in Sudan. AB - Data were analyzed on the Kenana, a Bos indicus breed of cattle indigenous to northern Sudan. Cattle were kept at Um Banein in a hot dry tropical environment 13 degrees .04' latitude north at an altitude of 435 m. Analyzed were lactation yield (1597 kg), lactation length (264), calving interval (530), and annual lactation yield (1225 kg). Between 1966 and 1980 all these traits except lactation length were significantly affected by lactation number and year. None was significantly influenced by the season in which lactation started. Kenana have considerable potential in the Sudan environment as a dairy breed, but further selection and an open nucleus system of breeding to introduce additional genetic material is required to express this potential. PMID- 3448117 TI - Dairy animal welfare. Introduction. AB - Organizations devoted to proper animal care have focused the attention of society on humane animal treatment. In recent years, some groups have raised questions as to what constitutes proper animal care on the farm and in the research laboratory. Philosophical questions about animal rights have been raised. Several groups are active in the animal welfare, animal rights arena and they vary widely in their objectives and methods of operation. Many of these groups are well funded. Some resort to civil disobedience to achieve their ends. Farm animal commodity groups, animal-oriented research agencies, and animal-related industry groups have become increasingly aware of the public interest in animal welfare and are organizing programs and groups to better understand and educate the public on the issues. PMID- 3448118 TI - Dairy animal welfare. Public mood and how we respond. AB - Farm animal welfarism is a complicated, dangerous issue for animal agriculture today. The public mood is complex. Much of the public's positive perception of farmers and their practices is based on myths, not understanding. Many farmers do not rate the animal welfare issue as a clear and present concern. Consumers decide whether or not to eat foods of animal origin mainly on the basis of factors other than ethical concerns. Still, the job of educating our fellow citizens so as to engender their enlightened support of animal agriculture will need to be done deftly. Approximately 10% of our citizenry who are undecided on this issue ultimately will decide our industry's course. At this time, we in animal agriculture need to respond in a well-organized fashion. We should develop educational materials and programs about animal production practices for our fellow citizens, especially youngsters, and we should establish guidelines for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching to ensure the continuing opportunity for scientists in agricultural businesses and in research and teaching institutions to use agricultural animals in their programs. PMID- 3448119 TI - [Surgical treatment of eye wounds with retinochoroidal metal foreign bodies. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Six cases of intra-ocular metallic foreign bodies located into the retino choroidal wall are presented. A surgical treatment was performed, and included a vitrectomy, a foreign body extraction with intraocular forceps, a primary or a secondary scleral buckling for the peripheral wound, and a retino-choroidectomy for one of the posteriorly located foreign bodies. In all the cases, we observed a cicatricial retraction of the retino-choroidal wound. When the wound was peripheral, the retina detached in the cases without buckling and it was necessary to do a secondary scleral buckling procedure. When the wound was located at the posterior pole, the retina remained flat in one case, with a 6 mm metallic body, probably because of the relaxing retinotomy performed to extract the foreign body. We think that it is better to perform a primary scleral buckle of the peripheral wounds. The various aspects of the treatment are discussed. PMID- 3448121 TI - [The corneal endothelium of diabetic patients. A study using specular microscopy]. AB - As the endothelial cells of the human cornea cannot perform mitosis, any metabolic alteration that destroys the cells should result into a decrease in cell density. This study was designed to demonstrate this phenomenon in diabetics as we know that diabetes alters endothelial cells, capillaries at least. On the assumption that capillary endothelium has the same mesodermal origin and almost the same metabolic function as the corneal endothelium, we tried to verify whether the corneal endothelium from diabetic subjects differs from non diabetic controls. As corneal endothelium can be studied in vivo by specular microscopy, it was interesting to verify whether this method could provide evidence of the conditions of the endothelial cells in the diabetic subject. Our study in specular microscopy involved 101 cases. We found slightly inferior values of the corneal endothelial cells density in diabetic subjects compared to the control subjects but no correlation between the values of endothelial cell density and the various parameters in diabetic patients: age, duration of diabetes, corneal thickness. This is correlated to other studies in which the morphology of endothelial cells differed between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. We concluded that diabetes alters but does not significantly destroy the corneal endothelial cell. This result must be taken into account in corneal surgery as the diabetic cornea is a high risk cornea. PMID- 3448120 TI - [Importance of the assay of T3 and T4 tears and plasma for the diagnosis of endocrine exophthalmos]. AB - In the control subject, the thyroidal hormones have been found to be always present in similar quantities in both eyes tears. The proportion of T3 is much more important in the tears (23-40%) than in the plasma (1-2%). It is close to the concentration of deiodinated T4 found in many tissues. In ocular tissues, the T3 is thus very little or even not broken down. This led us to define the tear plasma relationship parameters. We studied lacrimo-plasmatic thyroidal parameters in cases with thyroidal dysfunction without ocular affection: 3 cases of hyperthyroidism, and 2 of hypothyroidism, to study modifications in case of endocrinal problems only. We also studied various types of exophthalmos: 31 cases of endocrine exophthalmos, whether the thyroidal plasma values were normal or not, and 2 cases of exophthalmia with expansive orbital hyperplasia in which there had been no previous thyroidal disturbance. An exophthalmia patient studied, including those with expansive orbital tissue, important changes, specific enough were associated in the tear/plasma parameters, correlated with the changes in the retro-orbital muscular tissues or fat detected by scanning. The study of these parameters, lacrimal thyroid is thus interesting for the diagnosis of endocrine exophthalmos and shows that only a local modification of the metabolism of T3 and T4, mainly from deiodination , process is probably implied in the pathology of these exophthalmos. PMID- 3448122 TI - [Medium term preservation of corneas. Comparative study of 4 preservation media]. AB - A comparative study of four preservation medium was made (Corneal Storage Solution, K-Sol, RPMI Hepes buffer, RPMI bicarbonate buffer). After a five days preservation delay there is no statistical difference between the percentage of the endothelial cellular mortality amongst the three first medium. In the fourth medium the cellular mortality is statistically higher. For longer preservation delay between 5 and 15 days, only the corneas preserved in K-Sol medium have a cellular mortality under 20% and could be used for keratoplasty. PMID- 3448123 TI - [An obstetrical injury as the etiology of chronic corneal edema. Clinical study with scanning microscopy]. AB - The case of a young woman with an unilateral corneal edema with regular folds of the descemet's membrane is reported. These lesions originate from an obstetrical traumatism by forceps and are associated with cutaneous scars of the temples. Scanning electron microscopy of the cornea shows multiple endothelial fissures; they are responsible for the late corneal decompensation. PMID- 3448125 TI - [Epidemiological approach of the role of Chlamydiae in uveitis]. AB - A serologic study on 48 uveitis cases is reported. Antibodies to Chlamydiae trachomatis are significantly more prevalent in acute anterior uveitis than in healthy controls or in other uveitis. This finding does not necessarily imply a direct pathogenic role for Chlamydiae in acute anterior uveitis. A common genetic predisposition to Chlamydia infection and acute anterior uveitis, with particular reference to H.L.A. B 27 antigen, is a more likely explanation. PMID- 3448124 TI - [Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Apropos of a case]. AB - Between 1963 and 1973, Gass described in 13 healthy children and young adults the unilateral wipe out syndrome, acquired ocular syndrome affecting only one eye and including marked visual loss. Later, early stages of the disease were analysed and the name of "diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis" (DUSN) was preferred. He suggested that the migration of a worm in the subretinal space over a period of many months or years could be the primary cause of this syndrome. We describe one case of DUSN observed during four years and we discuss the possible clinical aspect of ocular toxocariasis, the difficulty of its biological diagnosis and the mechanisms of retina and pigment epithelium changes. PMID- 3448127 TI - [Prevention of bilateralization of idiopathic retinal detachment by treatment with argon laser]. AB - The incidence of bilateral retinal detachment ranges from 12 to 15%. A retrospective study including of 141 patients with a systematical prophylactic treatment of the fellow eye is reported. After the prophylactic photocoagulation no bilateral retinal detachment occurred, no complication arose. The average follow-up was about 18 months. The authors describe the technique of the prophylactic argon laser treatment. This photocoagulation associates a focal treatment excluding suspicious lesions, and a 360 degree equatorial treatment, completed by several anterior radial rows and by a scattered but tight photocoagulation from the equator to the ora. The authors conclude that prophylactic and systematical treatment is safe and effective, avoiding the focal retinal detachments, anterior giant tears and probably many breaks. The follow-up is still too short to know the longterm percentage of bilateral detachments with such a treatment of the fellow eyes. PMID- 3448126 TI - [Treatment by internal tamponade of retinal detachment with a macular hole]. AB - The authors analyse the operative results of 92 cases of retinal detachment with macular hole, treated by internal tamponade, since 1976. Three technics were used: vitrectomy + silicone oil injection (75 cases), vitrectomy + SF6 gas injection (9 cases), intra-ocular liquid suction + SF6 gas injection (8 cases). Silicone vitrectomy is particularly advisable in the case of large, old retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. This form of treatment is imperative when there is no hope of a satisfactory postoperative positioning, or after an unsuccessful gas treatment due to epiretinal macular membrane. Suction gas is a new and simple technique which is recommended when the macular hole is isolated and without epiretinal membranes. A lattice pattern argon-laser retinopexy is performed, by means of a series of laser impacts at the posterior pole, up to the edge of the macular hole. Treatment of isolated macular holes in a flexible retina by silicone vitrectomy achieved a 78.5% success rate; suction + gas achieved a similar success rate; this last method appears to be the ideal first choice for most of the cases, i-c the two failures which were subsequently turned into successes by silicone vitrectomy. PMID- 3448129 TI - The stress-moderating effects of weeping and humor. AB - The moderating effects of emotional weeping and humor on the impact of negative life events were examined. Subjects who reported weeping frequently showed more mood disturbance at high levels of negative events and less to low levels of negative events than those who reported less frequent weeping. Humor-coping buffered stress in all groups except for males who reported frequent crying. PMID- 3448128 TI - Coping with cancer. AB - This study examined coping strategies in head and neck cancer patients. The relationships between the use of approach and avoidant coping strategies and the physical and emotional distress of 35 newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients during the early stages of cancer treatment were evaluated. Patients were categorized on the basis of coping strategy at the time of diagnosis and then evaluated twice during the course of their treatment at four- to six-week intervals. Cancer patients who predominantly employed either approach or avoidant strategies had lower initial levels of emotional distress than patients who did not use either of these strategies. Although symptoms of distress decreased in patients using approach or avoidance, symptoms increased for those patients who did not use these strategies. The level of stress for this cancer population is highest at the point of confirmed diagnosis and recedes during the course of treatment. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3448130 TI - Stressful life events, social support networks, and the physical and mental health of urban black adults. AB - The direct and the buffering effects of social support networks have been documented, but few studies have examined their health outcomes for blacks and, specifically, the differences in physical and mental health. This study uses six measures of social support to examine the relationships of social support to health outcomes for black males and females. The data are from a community sample of 451 urban black adults. Results show significant differences by sex according to source of social support and particular health outcomes. Number of nearby relatives and perceived social support have direct and buffering effects, respectively, on mental health for black females, but no significant influences emerge for black males. On the other hand, the number of confidants for black males and the degree of religiosity among black females were inversely related to physical health, suggesting differences in conceptual models of social support for mental and physical health. PMID- 3448131 TI - Computerized versus standard administration of the Jenkins Activity Survey (Form T). AB - Using 60 male university students as subjects, this investigation compared the psychometric properties of computerized and paper-and-pencil versions of the student version (Form T) of the Jenkins Activity Survey. Data indicated that these different versions of the JAS demonstrated similar norms, reliabilities, and validities. The comparability of the JAS across administration modes suggested that computerizing the test does not significantly alter its characteristics. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. PMID- 3448132 TI - Stress in student teachers during real and simulated standardized lectures. AB - This study describes and compares the intensity of stress responses, both psychologically and physiologically, to a real and a simulated stressor. The real stressor involved lecturing to a class of students in a post-secondary institution during a practice teaching course. The simulated stressor was a simulated, standardized lecture given in a lecture room to 6 fellow students and 2 members of the university staff. To gain insight into the intensity of the stress responses, the measurements took place before, during, and after lecturing. The adaptation to the stressor after a teaching practice period in which the student teacher gave at least 20 lectures was also studied. Subjective anxiety scores were obtained in both situations from 26 subjects. For 12 of these subjects, heart rate responses were also obtained. The psychological and physiological data indicated that lecturing imposes a severe load on the student teacher, especially at the beginning of the teaching experience. At the end of the practice course, all stress indices showed lower values. Heart rate and subjective anxiety scores indicated that the standardized lecture is experienced as more ego threatening than the real lecture. PMID- 3448133 TI - The new drug policy. PMID- 3448134 TI - Obstetric prospects after caesarean section. PMID- 3448135 TI - Observations on fracture shaft of femur in children and result of immediate reduction and hip spica. PMID- 3448136 TI - Tuberculosis as a continuing cause of secondary amyloidosis in northern India. PMID- 3448137 TI - Birth weight in a hospital sample from Dehra Dun City with special reference to seasonal variation. PMID- 3448138 TI - Recurrent seizures and syncope, ventricular arrhythmias with reversible prolonged Q-Tc interval in typhoid myocarditis. PMID- 3448139 TI - Acute disseminated histoplasmosis. PMID- 3448140 TI - Post-traumatic volvulus of stomach. PMID- 3448141 TI - Malignant melanoma of anorectum. PMID- 3448142 TI - Industrial bronchitis in a limestone quarry. PMID- 3448143 TI - Oral rehydration therapy. PMID- 3448144 TI - How to identify psychiatric problems in general practice. PMID- 3448145 TI - Noninvasive diagnostic techniques in vascular disease. AB - In order to evaluate the degree of arterial insufficiency, measurement of blood pressure, blood flow, flow velocity and waveform has been the focus of noninvasive diagnostic techniques. Noninvasive estimation of the degree of venous reflux has been an important problem, in place of invasive measurement of venous pressure. Although vascular imaging provides excellent informations about occlusive and aneurysmal lesions, a problem awaiting solution is a hemodynamic visualization of blood flow and physiological phenomenon. PMID- 3448147 TI - Modern trends in the management of aortic aneurysms. Review of 450 cases experienced. AB - Treatment of various aortic aneurysms in 450 cases experienced during the past 25 years was analysed. One hundred and five patients were treated with survival rate of 80.2% in the thoracic aortic aneurysm group, 65 patients with survival rate of 76.9% in the dissected aneurysm of the aorta group, 175 patients with survival rate of 93.1% in the nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm group and 37 patients with survival rate of 75.7% in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm group. From 1981 to the present time, considerable improvement of the operative results has been achieved with refinement of cardiovascular adjunctive techniques and operative procedures with careful management of the patients. Survival rates are now reached to 88.7% in the thoracic aortic aneurysm, 81.0% in the dissected aneurysm, 100% in the nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and 81.2% in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. From the careful analyses of the results, prompt diagnosis, distinct treatment policy, strict operative indication and better surgical procedure are considered to have contributed to these excellent operative results. PMID- 3448146 TI - Current status in treatment of the Japanese with chronic arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. AB - For the clinical management of patients with a mild ischemia or intermittent claudication, ambulatory exercise plus the administration of antiplatelets and vasodilators is recommended. Patients with a ischemia related with small ulcer and slight pain at rest often show improvement while on conservative treatment. For patients with a severe ulcer and pain, reconstructive surgery has to be done. In management of patients with extensive or diffuse arterial occlusive lesions amenable to direct reconstruction, A-V shunt procedure, forced pulsatile perfusion technique and artificial CO2 baths have been devised. Tibial artery bypass associated with adjunctive arteriovenous fistula has also been recommended for those with poor distal outflow vessels. To assess the outcome of the reconstructed artery and to prevent early postoperative occlusion, flow waveform analysis is useful. This approach also aids in detecting preocclusive lesions of the reconstructed artery during postoperative follow-up. PMID- 3448148 TI - Clinical experience with PTFE graft replacement in the descending thoracic aorta. AB - In 6 cases, we have performed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft replacement in the descending thoracic aorta, with all patients alive and showing good results. Fifty months have passed since the first graft replacement, but no complications due to the PTFE graft have occurred. PMID- 3448149 TI - Advance in phlebology in Japan. AB - Vascular surgery has recently been witnessing remarkable progress in Japan, supported in part by an increase in the number of researchers. Although the actual researchers specializing in the field of phlebology are much fewer in Japan as opposed to the West because of a seemingly lesser number of patients suffering from venous diseases particularly those which are fatal, the participants in the annual meetings of the Japanese Society of Phlebology have shown a gradual increase since 1980. Notably, the 9th World Congress of Phlebology was held in late September 1986 in Kyoto with a great many global authorities giving lectures, presenting papers and discussing a wide range of topics with the 600 participants attending. This event markedly stimulated our phlebologists and will undoubtedly contribute to enhancing the level of phlebology in Japan. This positive environment was also given an earlier boost in 1985 by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare establishing a study group for angiology including phlebology and lymphology. The activity of this group may be a important foundation for the most significant advances in phlebology in Japan. PMID- 3448150 TI - Methods of detection of lymphatics and their changes with oestrous cycle. AB - It is difficult to detect lymphatics, and it is extremely risky to identify a lymphatic by only one method. We are attempting accurate identification of a lymphatic by gradually narrowing the field of division by the use of four methods: (1) puncture injection of dye fluid; (2) arterial injection of silver nitrate solution and indian ink; (3) staining of semi- ultrathin sections with toluidine blue, and (4) confirmation by electron microscopy. Observation by these methods of the endometria of the human uterus and of rats in different stages of the respective oestrous cycles has revealed that the lymphatics change with the oestrous cycle. Interestingly, the changes are not only in the thickness but also in the number of lymphatics. Lymphatics have further been found not evenly distributed in organs but concentrated in certain areas. PMID- 3448151 TI - Comparison between ankle and toe index in patients with peripheral arterial disease. AB - In contrast to the systolic blood pressure at the posterior tibial artery, the evaluation of pressure at the digital artery of the foot before and after exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease is not well known. Twenty three patients with peripheral vascular disease were examined. The systolic pressure was measured by means of an ultrasound velocity detector at the brachial and posterior tibial artery. Digital artery pressure was determined with photoplethysmography. Pressures were measured before and within 5 and 10 minutes after a treadmill test. Ankle and toe index was calculated. At rest the toe index is lower than the ankle index and after a treadmill test the decrease in toe index occurs in parallel to the ankle index. PMID- 3448152 TI - Transvenous interruption of the inferior vena cava. New model of vena cava filter. Preliminary results in 35 cases. AB - Partial interruption of inferior vena cava (I.C.V.) forms an integral part of treatment of thromboembolic disease. The most frequently used filter worldwide is currently that of Greenfield, but although its effectiveness and permeability are remarkable it can be the subject of transfixions, sliding movements and migrations. A new model of the authors' own conception is presented which eliminates these faults. The "2612" filter is based on the same concepts, but has added to it 6 lateral flanges soldered to the base of the arms, these applying pressure to the I.V.C. and ensuring its perfect positioning, and 12 hooks (6 turned downwards and 6 upwards) ensuring perfect stability. Results of a multicentre trial in 35 patients, after insertion of the "2612" filter and follow up assessment after 3 months (28 cases) by cavography and in some patients by a scan, showed permeability of 93% and total efficacy. No side effects were reported. This filter appears to represent true progress in the means of interrupting I.V.C., and further studies are contemplated. PMID- 3448153 TI - NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 354: purification and characterization. AB - NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) from Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 354 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation, followed by DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 8.5. The Km values for isocitrate and NADP were 74 and 53 microM, respectively. Mn2+ was essential for enzyme activity. The enzyme lost all activity on incubation at 70 degrees C for 15 min; isocitrate and NADP protected against this thermal inactivation. p-Chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the enzyme; pre-incubation of enzyme with isocitrate + Mn2+ prevented this inhibition. The purified enzyme showed concerted inhibition by glyoxylate + oxaloacetate and was inhibited by oxalomalate. PMID- 3448154 TI - Biotransformation of 3-methylphthalate by Micrococcus sp. strain 12B. AB - When Micrococcus strain 12B grown on o-phthalate was incubated with 3 methylphthalate, three compounds accumulated. These were shown to be 2-pyrone-3 methyl-4,6-dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphthalic acid, and 5-hydroxy 3-methyphthalic acid, all previously undescribed. A pathway for the formation of these compounds is proposed. PMID- 3448155 TI - Streptomyces albus G produces an antibiotic complex identical to paulomycins A and B. AB - An antibiotic complex active against multiply resistant strains of staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria was isolated from cultures of Streptomyces albus G. Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography gave two congeners with Mr values of 786 and 772, which differed by one -CH2-group. The two homologues contained an isothiocyanate group, and proved to be identical with paulomycins A and B produced by Streptomyces paulus; the FAB mass spectra, in addition, proved the same two congeners to be present in proceomycin obtained from Streptomyces alboniger. PMID- 3448156 TI - Preliminary characterization of the urease and a 96 kDa surface-expressed polypeptide of Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Analysis by SDS-PAGE of Ureaplasma urealyticum (predominantly serotype 8), propagated in a growth medium containing 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum, revealed a complex series of polypeptides apparently free of medium contaminants. Serological analysis using an immobilized antibody reagent, and immunoblotting using a polyclonal serum, showed the presence of two major and several minor antigens. One major antigen, a putative surface component of apparent molecular mass 96 kDa was shown, with a monoclonal antibody, to be serotype-specific. Growth of the organism was partially suppressed in the presence of the antibody. The second major antigen had an apparent molecular mass of 76 kDa and was presumed to be an internal component since it failed to label with the Bolton and Hunter reagent, in contrast to the 96 kDa antigen. Another monoclonal antibody was characterized which detected the canonical urease enzyme of the organism serotype 8 and of the two other human serotypes tested. Purification of this urease antigen by affinity chromatography and electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides after denaturation revealed a single polypeptide of molecular mass 76 kDa, putatively related to the above major antigen. Enzymic activity could be recovered after purification and demonstrated by in situ techniques only when electrophoretic analysis was done under non-denaturing conditions suggesting that the functional enzyme is a multimeric complex. PMID- 3448158 TI - Conceptual design of a massive aerometric tracer experiment (MATEX). PMID- 3448157 TI - Production and immunological characterization of a monoclonal antibody to Trichophyton quinckeanum: interaction with phosphorylcholine-bearing components. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Tq-1) that interacts with the phosphorylcholine (PC) bearing antigens of Trichophyton quinckeanum was produced by fusion of myeloma cells (JKAg-8) with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with an alum precipitated fraction of T. quinckeanum cytoplasmic antigen. It was characterized as an IgM class antibody by immunodiffusion using anti-Ig heavy chain specific reagents, ELISA using immunoglobulin-specific peroxidase-conjugated antibodies, and by gel filtration chromatography; it showed high affinity for Staphylococcus aureus protein-A. Interaction of Tq-1 with PC-like antigens of T. quinckeanum was demonstrated by inhibition studies using ELISA, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immuno electron microscopy techniques. The binding activity of Tq-1 antibody with a range of dermatophyte proteins was completely inhibited by prior incubation with PC hapten. Moreover, dermatophyte antigens reacting with the monoclonal antibody reacted strongly with sera from chronically infected mice. Dermatophyte antigens derived from both young (24 h) and old (20 d) cultures reacted with Tq-1 and this binding was inhibited by PC, suggesting that Tq-1 target antigen PC appears at an early stage during fungal growth and remains throughout its life. PMID- 3448159 TI - Trends and relationships of O3, NOx and HC in the south coast air basin of California. PMID- 3448160 TI - Economic analysis of environmental regulations: lessons from VOC standards for paper coating. PMID- 3448162 TI - Pulmonary function desensitization on repeated exposures to the combination of peroxyacetyl nitrate and ozone. PMID- 3448161 TI - Predicting and managing the health risks of sour-gas wells. PMID- 3448163 TI - Addressing public fears related to the siting of hazardous waste facilities. PMID- 3448164 TI - [Clinical utility of spatial color mapping vectorcardiography in diagnosing myocardial infarction: comparison with 201Tl scintigraphy]. AB - The feasibility of spatial color mapping vectorcardiography in diagnosing the site and extent of the old myocardial infarct was evaluated in comparison with 201T1 scintigraphy. Vectorcardiographic data made by Frank's technique were entered in the personal computer and the QRS complexes were plotted over 112 points crossing the latitude of each 20 (from 20N to 80S) degrees and longitude of each 20 degrees from 20W to 20E on the spherical body. Eight colors were assigned according to the direction of the QRS vector. To construct a territorial map, the apical, then, the septal, anterior, lateral, inferior and posterior portions were determined from the normal 201Tl scintigrams. Myocardial images obtained in the anterior, left anterior oblique and lateral projections were analyzed by the circumferential profile curve. Diagnostic specificity for infarction was greater than 60%, and especially high (90%) in the anterior, apical and lateral regions, but relatively low (50%) in the septal, inferior and posterior regions. Accuracies exceeded 64%. The infarcted areas assessed by spatial color vectorcardiography agreed with those assessed by 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy. Thus, spatial color vectorcardiography was simple and useful for diagnosing the site and extent of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3448165 TI - [Two-dimensional contrast echocardiographic assessment of the time course of regional ischemic myocardial function]. AB - The time course of percent fractional area change (%FAC) of the ischemic left ventricular wall as identified by myocardial contrast echocardiography was assessed. Two-dimensional echocardiograms of the left ventricular short axis at the level of the chordae tendineae were recorded in 16 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Myocardial ischemia was produced by occluding the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) for 30 min, and identified by myocardial contrast echocardiography using aortic root contrast injection. The left ventricular wall in the short-axis view was divided into eight segments. The experiments were completed in nine dogs. The %FAC of the segment which includes the center of the ischemic area was normal before LCX occlusion (35 +/- 6%: mean +/- S.D.), markedly decreased during 30 min of LCX occlusion (-3 +/- 4%) and gradually recovered after coronary reperfusion. However, it was significantly decreased 150 min after reperfusion (8 +/- 9%) (p less than 0.001) compared to that before LCX occlusion. The %FAC of the segment which includes the center of the non-ischemic area was not significantly changed throughout the experiment. In conclusion, 1) the time course of regional ischemic myocardial function could be assessed by the analysis of the %FAC of the ischemic area determined by myocardial contrast echocardiography, 2) the %FAC is significantly decreased 150 min after coronary reperfusion following 30 min occlusion compared to that before coronary occlusion. PMID- 3448166 TI - [Left ventricular short-axis plane for magnetic resonance imaging: its clinical importance and applications]. AB - Left ventricular short-axis images were obtained by ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in nine patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and seven patients with chest pain, all of whom had diagnostic cardiac catheterization including angiography. The accuracy and usefulness of the short-axis image in MRI for measuring wall thickness and dimension and for calculating ejection fraction were evaluated. All patients were examined on an examination couch in the right anterior oblique position in optimal positions to obtain the left ventricular long-axis images in the Z-X plane (conventional coronal plane). Next, the paraxial mode was used to obtain the short-axis images by rotating the Y-Z plane (conventional sagittal plane) around the Y axis. The intervals between the trigger on the middle point of the upstroke of the R wave and the 90 degree pulse of saturation recovery spin echo sequence were 40 msec and 340 msec with a 34 msec echo delay time for the end-diastolic and end-systolic images, respectively. Short-axis images in MRI in end-diastole were utilized to measure wall thickness and dimension in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the measurements obtained were compared with those of echocardiography. As for calculating ejection fraction in patients with chest pain, the length of the left ventricular long axis (L) was measured using the MRI long-axis image. The intraventricular sectional area at four levels (S1, S2, S3, S4) were measured using the MRI short axis image in end-diastole and in end-systole. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were calculated using the following formula: V = 1/2 X (L 4.5) X S1 + 1.5 X (S1 + S2 + S3) + 1/3 X 1/2 X (L -4.5) X S4. Ejection fraction by MRI was compared with that by cardiac catheterization (single plane, area length method). The measurements of wall thickness and dimension by MRI correlated well with those by echocardiography (r = 0.97, p less than 0.01). Ejection fraction calculated by MRI correlated significantly with that by cardiac catheterization (r = 0.82, p less than 0.05). We concluded that the left ventricular short-axis image in MRI is satisfactorily accurate for measuring wall thickness and dimension, and useful for evaluating the left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID- 3448167 TI - [Electrocardiographic and angiographic follow-up of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Electrocardiographic follow-up was conducted for 17 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy including six cases who received left ventriculographic follow-up. 1. Serial ECG changes were as follows: 1) In seven patients negativity of the T wave appeared or increased concomitantly with increased voltage of SV1 + RV5 (A-1 group). 2) In four patients, negativity of the T wave decreased or disappeared with the decreased voltage of SV1 + RV5 (A-2 group). 3) In six patients, there were insignificant changes of both T wave and SV1 + RV5 (B group). 2. Results of serial left ventriculography and biventriculography were as follows: 1) Two patients (A-1 group) showed an increased voltage of SV1 + RV5 (25 mm----48 mm, 42 mm----54 mm), and increased thickness of the apical wall (10 mm----12 mm, 8 mm--- 11 mm) and the anterior wall (13 mm----16 mm, 10 mm----16 mm). However, the thickness of the posterior and interventricular septal walls did not change. The configuration of the end-diastolic left ventriculogram (RAO 30 degrees) changed from a round configuration to the so-called "beak" configuration. 2) Two patients (A-2 group) showed a decreased voltage of SV1 + RV5 (81 mm----26 mm, 73 mm----53 mm), decreased thickness of the apical wall (18 mm----10 mm, 21 mm----15 mm) and the anterior wall (12 mm----9 mm, 17 mm----12 mm). The end-diastolic left ventriculogram changed from a spade-like configuration to a round configuration. In the analysis of diastolic function measured by digitized cineangiograms using a picture-analyzer, diastolic dysfunction was already present at the initial observation. The diastolic and systolic dysfunction progressed during serial observations. These patients showed the clinical pictures of dilated cardiomyopathy at the final observation. 3) Two patients with no remarkable changes of the T wave (B group) showed insignificant changes in configuration of the left ventriculogram and wall thickness. In conclusion, serial changes in configuration of the left ventricle and wall thickness, especially of the anterior and apical walls, are compatible with the serial changes of the ECG in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patients whose negative T waves decreased or disappeared had diastolic dysfunction at the initial observation, and deterioration of both diastolic and systolic dysfunctions during serial observations. PMID- 3448168 TI - [Relationships between segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and pathological findings in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - Relationships between segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and myocardial fibrosis at autopsy were examined in 12 patients who died of dilated cardiomyopathy. In each case, wall motion abnormalities were assessed by two dimensional echocardiograms for 11 segments, and semiquantitatively evaluated as normokinesis (N) to hypokinesis (H), severe hypokinesis (SH) or akinesis (A). From the necropsy specimens, the myocardial fibrosis ratio was histologically quantitated using a point-counting method in each segment corresponding to the echocardiographic segment. Wall motion abnormalities and the fibrosis ratio correlated significantly in a total of 132 segments of the 12 patients, but there were some discordances. The cases were then categorized in uniform and non uniform groups based on the patterns of myocardial fibrosis. Wall motion abnormalities correlated much better with the fibrosis ratio in a total of 44 segments among four cases with non-uniform fibrosis, whereas no significant correlation was found in a total of 88 segments in eight cases with uniform fibrosis. The latter group had more severe segmental wall motion abnormalities in the interventricular septum than in the left ventricular free wall; and in the apical portion rather than in the basal portion, although no significant difference was observed in the fibrosis ratio among these regions. Patients with non-uniform fibrosis had higher incidences of chest pain and sudden deaths and a significantly larger left ventricular end-diastolic dimension on M-mode echocardiogram as compared to those with uniform fibrosis. Pathologically, in the former group, the heart was heavier, the mean left ventricular fibrosis ratio was significantly higher, and there was a greater incidence of infiltration of the myocardium by mononuclear cells, but there was no difference in the mean left ventricular wall thickness. These results suggest that myocardial fibrosis mainly contributes to the wall motion abnormalities in cases with non-uniform fibrosis which may be caused by chronic myocarditis, but not in cases with uniform fibrosis. In the latter group, other factors such as reduced contractility of the myocardial cells or lack of a compensatory mechanism for wall stress seem to play important roles in causing left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 3448169 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic detection of regurgitant blood flow in the ascending, descending and abdominal aorta of patients with aortic regurgitation]. AB - To ascertain whether the presence of retrograde holo-diastolic flow (RHF) in the ascending, descending or abdominal aorta is indicative of the severity of aortic regurgitation (AR), ascending, descending and abdominal aortic flow velocities were measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 35 patients with AR and in 18 patients without AR, confirmed by aortography. Among the 35 patients with AR, 15 had mitral regurgitation, 11 had mitral stenosis, eight had aortic stenosis, five had prosthetic mitral valves, four had prosthetic aortic valves and two had aorto pulmonary shunts. Satisfactory flow velocity recordings were obtained from the ascending aorta of 47 patients (89%), from the descending aorta of 39 patients (74%) and from the abdominal aorta of 43 patients (81%). In the ascending aorta, 30 of 32 AR patients with satisfactory recordings had RHF, while only one of the 15 patients without AR had RHF. None of the patients without AR had RHF, in either the descending or abdominal aorta. In the descending aorta, all 11 patients with 3+ or 4+ AR independently determined by aortography had RHF, while only three of 16 patients with 1+ or 2+ AR had RHF. Two of the three patients had aorto-pulmonary shunts. In the abdominal aorta, all 11 patients with 3+ or 4+ AR had RHF, while only one of the 22 patients with 1+ or 2+ AR had RHF. The latter patient had an aorto-pulmonary shunt. Identification of RHF in the descending or abdominal aorta is a useful means of distinguishing patients with severe AR from those with minimal or no AR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448170 TI - [Tricuspid regurgitation induced by transvenous right ventricular pacing: echocardiographic and pathological observations]. AB - To assess tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with permanent transvenous right ventricular (RV) pacing, we performed phonocardiographic, contrast and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic studies in 18 patients with transvenous leads for RV pacing. In addition, a pathological study was performed on 26 autopsy cases with transvenous leads for RV pacing. None of the patients had right-sided heart failure. The previous phonocardiograms revealed regurgitant murmurs of TR in one clinical case and five autopsy cases. In the clinical study, definite TR was diagnosed both by contrast and pulsed Doppler echocardiography in five cases (28%). Probable TR was diagnosed only by one technique in three cases (17%), and the absence of TR was confirmed by both techniques in 10 cases (55%) (non-TR group). The average right atrial dimension was 59 +/- 5.3 mm in the definite TR group and 39 +/- 2.4 mm in the non-TR group (p less than 0.01). The average inferior vena cava dimension was 19 +/- 1.7 mm in the definite TR group and 15 +/ 0.8 mm in the non-TR group (p less than 0.05). Right atrial and inferior vena cava dimensions showed a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.58, p less than 0.05). In the pathological study, the presence of TR, which was explained by the position of the pacemaker lead in relation to the valve structure, was confirmed in 11 cases (42%). Valve motion interference was classified as type I (two cases), in which the lead was suppressed and the leaflet immobilized, type II (4 cases), in which chordae tendineae were involved by a pacemaker lead, and type III (five cases), in which both mechanisms contributed to valvular regurgitation. In conclusion, TR may follow transvenous RV pacing in approximately half of the cases with RV pacing. Contrast and pulsed Doppler echocardiography are sensitive noninvasive techniques for detecting this valvular abnormality and they should be used in the follow-up of such pacemaker recipients. PMID- 3448171 TI - [Contraction of the interventricular septum in right ventricular overload studied by two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - This study clarified the relationship between right ventricular (RV) overload and contraction of the interventricular septum using two-dimensional echocardiography. Seventeen patients with atrial septal defect (RV systolic pressure: 36 +/- 14 mmHg), 13 with mitral stenosis (49 +/- 19 mmHg), nine with primary pulmonary hypertension (87 +/- 21 mmHg) and 17 normal subjects (23 +/- 3 mmHg) were evaluated using two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The circumferential lengths of the septum (Civs) and the left ventricular (LV) free wall (Cfw) were measured in the LV short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles. In normal subjects, Civs was 3.4 +/- 0.5 cm and Civs/Cfw was 0.40 +/- 0.07. All patients with RV overload had longer Civs and greater Civs/Cfw as compared with the normal subjects. There was no significant difference in the Cfw among the cases with mitral stenosis and primary pulmonary hypertension and the normal subjects. Cfw in atrial septal defect was shorter than in the normal subjects. The percent contraction of Civs was decreased in mitral stenosis and primary pulmonary hypertension as compared with the normal subjects. No significant difference was found in the percent contraction of Civs between the normal subjects and the 11 patients with atrial septal defect with normal RV systolic pressure. However, in six patients with atrial septal defect with high RV systolic pressure, the percent contraction of Civs was decreased. There was an inverse correlation between RV systolic pressure and the percent contraction of Civs (r = -0.39, p less than 0.01), and RV ejection fraction (r = 0.52, p less than 0.01) defined by multiplegated equilibrium scintigraphy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448172 TI - [V1P-terminal force evaluated by left ventricular inflow velocity patterns in pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - The relationship between V1P-terminal force (V1-PT) and the characteristics of left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling and atrial contraction were evaluated using LV inflow velocity patterns obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Subjects consisted of 54 patients with old myocardial infarction, 56 with essential hypertension, 48 with angina pectoris, 19 with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 16 with miscellaneous disease other than of mitral valve lesions. The patients were classified as the positive group: V1-PT less than or equal to -0.04 mmsec, intermediate group: 0 greater than V1-PT greater than -0.04 mmsec, and negative group: V1-PT greater than or equal to 0 mmsec. The following were the results obtained: 1. In the positive group, the rapid filling wave (R) had reduced velocity, the prolonged deceleration time and the decreased acceleration and deceleration ratios. 2. In the positive group, velocity of the atrial contraction wave (A) was increased and the atrial contraction time was prolonged compared to the other groups. 3. In the positive group, the A/R was greater than in the other groups. 4. In the positive and intermediate groups, V1-PT correlated significantly with the A/R (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01), R (r = -0.58, p less than 0.01) and A (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01). In the positive group, LV inflow volume was decreased in the rapid filling phase. In the atrial contraction phase, the inflow volume was increased to compensate for loss of inflow volume in the rapid filling phase. These findings suggested that LV diastolic filling was disturbed in the positive group. In conclusion, the value of V1-PT is influenced by any disturbance of LV diastolic filling. PMID- 3448173 TI - [Diastolic pulmonary forward flow associated with pulmonary regurgitation demonstrated by Doppler echocardiography]. AB - To demonstrate diastolic pulmonary forward flow, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler echocardiograms were recorded in four patients with postoperative residual pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation (Group I). To clarify the mechanism, we further examined 24 patients with pulmonary regurgitation without diastolic pulmonary forward flow, including three patients with surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot (Group IIa) and 21 patients with functional pulmonary regurgitation (Group IIb), and compared the peak velocity and pressure half time of pulmonary regurgitation among the three groups. Diastolic pulmonary forward flow was characterized as a flow signal which began after the abrupt cessation of pulmonary regurgitation and continued until the beginning of ejection flow. The onset of the flow coincided with that of premature opening of the pulmonary valve, and was following atrial contraction in one, before atrial contraction in two, and mid-diastolic in one. The velocity of diastolic pulmonary forward flow was increased during inspiration and its maximum velocity was 1.3 m/sec. Simultaneous recording of pressures and continuous wave Doppler echo performed in two patients in Group I showed the equalization of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures during the flow. There was no significant difference in the peak velocity of pulmonary regurgitation among the three groups of patients. The mean pressure half time was significantly shortened in patients in Group I (90 +/- 11 msec) compared with those in patients in Group IIa (143 +/- 40 msec, p less than 0.05) and Group IIb (310 +/- 71 msec, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, a diastolic pulmonary forward flow seems to be produced by the rapid equalization of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures due to severe pulmonary regurgitation in the face of decreased right ventricular compliance. PMID- 3448174 TI - [Real-time observation of blood flow velocity profiles in the right ventricular inflow tract by a newly-developed instantaneous B-mode and multi-channel Doppler echocardiography]. AB - We observed the blood flow profile in the right ventricular inflow tract through the tricuspid valve using the newly-developed equipment which images by instantaneous B-mode and multi-channel Doppler echocardiography. The Doppler system had 64 sampling gates in an ultrasonic beam within a depth of 13 cm. A cursor line was set at an angle of 45 degrees to the tricuspid annulus on two dimensional echocardiography in a parasternal long-axis view of the right atrium and right ventricle. The blood flow velocity was displayed on the vertical line on the left-side of the CRT image. All Doppler-shifted frequencies of the 64 channels were analyzed using a fast Fourier transform formula by a built-in processor. The Doppler-shifted frequency was displayed at 30 frames per sec. The study subjects consisted of 20 children without cardiac anomalies. Their ages ranged from 2 to 18 years. A typical blood velocity profile at the tricuspid valve ring during the rapid filling phase had an "M" shape, i.e., the velocity was greater at both margins than in the central portion, followed by a flat profile. A small retrograde flow was observed behind the posterior tricuspid leaflet at this time. The flow velocity decreased in mid-diastole, then increased again during the atrial contraction period, with either flat or parabolic profile. During inspiration, the velocity was greater and the shape of the flow profile throughout diastole tended to be flat. In systole, a slow antegrade flow was observed in the tricuspid valve ring area, and its flow profile was parabolic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448175 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation before and after balloon atrial septostomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries using pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - In nine patients with transposition of the great arteries, hemodynamic changes after the initial balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) were investigated using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Patients consisted of five males and four females, who ranged in age from zero to 82 days (median, one day). All but one who had ventricular septal defect had no associated cardiac anomalies other than patent ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandin E1 was administered before and after BAS to four patients who had hypoxemia. At cardiac catheterization, right and left atrial pressures and arterial oxygen partial pressure were measured. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the time-velocity curve was recorded at the tricuspid and mitral valves, pulmonary artery, ascending aorta and interatrial septum. The maximum diastolic velocity was measured from the tricuspid and mitral valve time-velocity curves. The product of the time-velocity integral and heart rate was measured from the time-velocity recordings at the pulmonary artery and ascending aorta. The duration of the left-to-right shunt at the foramen ovale was measured and was normalized by corresponding R-R intervals on the electrocardiogram. After BAS, left atrial pressures and pressure gradients between both atria decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Arterial oxygen partial pressure increased from 24.4 +/- 7.2 to 40.4 +/- 6.0 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The maximum flow velocity at the tricuspid valve increased significantly (p less than 0.01), but that at the mitral valve showed no significant change after BAS. The velocity time integral of the aorta increased significantly (p less than 0.01), but that of the pulmonary artery did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3448176 TI - [Evolution of dilated cardiomyopathy from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a case report]. AB - A 20-year-old woman whose echocardiograms showed a rare evolution from hypertrophic to dilated cardiomyopathy during a nine year observation period is described. This patient was initially diagnosed as having hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) at the age of 12 years. Her echocardiogram showed marked thickening of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM). Chest radiography revealed a prominent left ventricular border and a cardiothoracic ratio of 0.52. At 18 years of age she experienced onset of palpitation during the 16th week of pregnancy. Her echocardiogram recorded in June 1980 revealed a thickened IVS and LVPW with resolution of the SAM and of the narrow cavity. At 20 years of age she became pregnant again and was admitted to our hospital for the third time at 24 weeks gestation. On admission her blood pressure was 122/60 and her pulse was 56, and moist rales were audible over both lung fields. Peripheral edema was noted. Chest radiography revealed moderate cardiomegaly, a cardiothoracic ratio of 0.66, and congestion of the pulmonary vasculature. An echocardiogram showed thinning of the IVS and LVPW with hypokinesis and dilatation of the cavity compatible with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). She delivered a boy on July 15th 1982 at 32 weeks gestation following which she developed marked congestive heart failure. She expired one month later. A chest radiograph made one day before death revealed marked cardiomegaly, a cardiothoracic ratio of 0.76, prominent pulmonary vasculature and a pleural effusion. Autopsy was refused; therefore the terminal DCM-like features were not clarified pathologically. However, the slow progression from HOCM to HCM during eight years and then rapid progression from HCM to DCM during four months was most impressive. PMID- 3448178 TI - Phonocardiographic diagnosis of diaphragmatic flutter. AB - A 45-year-old man was reported who experienced rapid rhythmic nodding of his head and equally rapid contractions in his epigastrium, which participated by certain psychic situations. Auscultation and phonocardiography revealed a sound with "machine" rhythmicity at a rate of 333 per minute over the lower lateral thoracic region during all cardiac phases, and a diagnosis of "diaphragmatic flutter" was established. The symptoms and signs were controlled by diazepam. PMID- 3448177 TI - [Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the right ventricular outflow tract and the pulmonary artery: a case report]. AB - A case of malignant hemangiopericytoma of the right ventricular outflow tract and the pulmonary artery associated with formation of a pseudoaneurysm in the latter is presented. This 33 year-old man had a four month history of illness. From the surgical point of view, all non-invasive modalities including phonocardiography, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide angiocardiography and contrast computed tomography underestimated the extent of the tumor as compared with the selective cineangiographic estimation. Therefore, it was suggested that in some situations where surgery is contemplated, a combination of non-invasive methods and cineangiography is essential to obtain sufficient diagnostic information, although the introduction of catheters into the right-sided cardiac chambers containing a mass might be hazardous because of potentiality dislodging portions of a tumor or adherent thrombus. Concerning pericardial abnormalities, contrast computed tomography was the most sensitive and specific method among the diagnostic techniques used in this case. PMID- 3448179 TI - [Lead derivatives in paint and the diversity of their toxicological impact]. PMID- 3448181 TI - [Apropos of industrial warehouses for dangerous products]. PMID- 3448180 TI - Bhopal--what is their suffering? PMID- 3448182 TI - [Chronic abuse of the analgesic nefopam (Acupan)]. PMID- 3448184 TI - Autologous blood transfusion. PMID- 3448183 TI - [2 cases of acute renal insufficiency after an asp viper bite]. PMID- 3448185 TI - Autologous blood transfusion: an easy way of avoiding unnecessary risks. PMID- 3448186 TI - Branchial cysts in the parotid gland. PMID- 3448187 TI - Intussusception due to Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3448188 TI - Splenic abscess in children: aspects of management. PMID- 3448189 TI - Recent results of colostomy closure: a prospective study of 98 operations. PMID- 3448190 TI - The role of seromyotomy in intestinal ischaemia. PMID- 3448192 TI - Early results with Rotaflex rotating hinge knee replacement. PMID- 3448191 TI - Surgical or phenol ablation of the nail bed for ingrowing toenails: a randomised controlled trial. PMID- 3448193 TI - Ipsilateral subcapital fracture of the femoral neck following total knee replacement. PMID- 3448194 TI - Fractures of the femoral shaft. The advantages of internal fixation and problems after skeletal traction. PMID- 3448195 TI - Degos' disease. A rare cause of multiple intestinal perforation. PMID- 3448196 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis presenting with abdominal pain and a pleural effusion. PMID- 3448197 TI - The "falciform ligament window". An unusual site for an internal hernia causing small bowel obstruction. PMID- 3448198 TI - Below-knee amputation through a Stanmore total knee replacement. PMID- 3448199 TI - Haematemesis due to an aorto-gastric fistula secondary to benign gastric ulceration. PMID- 3448200 TI - Small bowel volvulus due to a leiomyoma of the mesentery. PMID- 3448201 TI - A unique presentation of reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 3448202 TI - Bladder stones following ureteric re-implantation. PMID- 3448203 TI - An unusual urological complication of Charnley total hip replacement. PMID- 3448204 TI - Failure of arthrodesis of the wrist in "disappearing carpal bones disease". PMID- 3448205 TI - Monochromatic X-ray irradiation system (0.08-0.4 nm) for radiation biology studies using synchrotron radiation at the photon factory. PMID- 3448206 TI - Role of the main cytosine radiolytic product in ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 3448207 TI - In vivo effects of hyperthermia on the cellular uptake of adriamycin. PMID- 3448208 TI - In vitro neoplastic transformation by neutron beams--relative biological effectiveness and dose fractionation. PMID- 3448209 TI - Cost containment at any price? Experience in the USA. PMID- 3448210 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 3448211 TI - A dispersed alarm system for the elderly and its relevance to local general practitioners. AB - This paper describes the use of a dispersed alarm system for the elderly in the Central region of Scotland. Information from referral forms, questionnaires completed by wardens after a call and client registers were used to investigate the population served, sources of referral and the way the service was used. All the general practitioners working in the area covered by the service were sent a questionnaire asking for their views of the service. In May 1984 the alarm system covered 861 clients in private housing and 1259 in sheltered housing. Over 50% of referrals were from the health services and the most common reasons for referral were poor mobility and falls. False alarms accounted for 40% of calls and they were more likely to be from clients in sheltered housing than in private housing. Of genuine calls 71% were due to illness or disability with 25% due to falls. All of the general practitioners responding to the questionnaire were aware of a patient in their practice covered by the service and considered that the service provided useful 24-hour support for the elderly at risk because of frailty and disability PMID- 3448212 TI - The elderly at home: service needs and provision. AB - This paper arises from research to develop a profile of the elderly living in the community. Data are presented from interviews with a stratified random sample of 1406 elderly people living in the Trafford area of Greater Manchester. The findings suggest that in reality community care for the elderly means care by lay carers. Assistance with all tasks ranging from intensely personal care, for example bathing and dressing, to the practical household tasks, such as cooking and cleaning, was more often provided to the elderly by spouses and daughters/daughters-in-law than by the statutory services.It is suggested that some form of eligibility criteria may be used either consciously or unconsciously by general practitioners and other health care workers when referring elderly people to the nursing and social services which may mean that the statutory services do not complement the care given by lay carers. Furthermore, the presence of a lay carer may prevent the situation coming to the attention of the primary health care team. PMID- 3448213 TI - Factors associated with variation in the consultation rates of children aged under five years. AB - In a large urban practice, all families with a child aged under five years were identified and, after suitable exclusions, 294 (80%) of the 369 families approached cooperated in the study. For each child, the number of parentinitiated first consultations in a one-year period was extracted from general practice records, and mothers were asked to provide additional information by postal questionnaire, which included a test of the mother's reaction to a series of hypothetical child ;illness situations'.The most important factors found to be associated with higher rates of consultation were increased urgency of the mother's reaction to the test situations and attendance of the child at a pre school group. Children with low consultation rates tended to be younger and more likely to come from larger families; their mothers generally spent less time in regular employment outside the home and were more likely to be single parents. The effect of family size was independent of maternal age and no socioeconomic gradient was found. There was also no evidence that differences in frequency of consultation were related to particular diagnostic categories. The mothers' sources of advice in the postulated event of their child becoming unwell are also described. PMID- 3448214 TI - Problem drug users known to Bristol general practitioners. AB - A 12-month prospective survey was undertaken of all 239 problem drug users known to general practitioners in Bristol and the doctors' attitudes towards them. The drug users were predominantly young, aged 15-35 years, and males outnumbered females by approximately two to one. Seventy-eight per cent had problems associated with opiates, almost invariably heroin, 10% had problems with stimulants (mainly amphetamine powder), and others had problems with hallucinogens, cannabis, barbiturates and solvents. Opiate dependence was the commonest single problem but ill health, hepatitis, psychiatric illnesses, relationship problems, work and financial difficulties were also frequently mentioned.There was a wide variation in the numbers of problem drug users seen by individual practices, which related both to the situation of the practice and the widely varying attitudes of the partners towards drug users and drug problems. General practitioners were aware of the grapevine that transmits news of their treatment to other users, and individual practices had typically evolved a general strategy for all drug users, to minimize arguments. General practitioners were asked their views about specialist services: they thought that services in the area for drug users were inadequate to help them and their patients in 58% of cases. Several suggestions were made for additional services which were needed. PMID- 3448215 TI - Patterns of work in general practice in the Bromley health district. AB - The results of a survey of patterns of work in general practice over five days in one health district were linked to family practitioner committee data on individual general practitioners. Characteristics of doctors and practices were mostly unrelated to various aspects of workload. However, referral rates for pathological tests and to outpatient departments and claims for cervical cytology screening were significantly higher for younger principals than for older doctors, while younger doctors prescribed less frequently. Women general practitioners had significantly lower personal list sizes and claims for night visits and temporary residents than their male colleagues but saw only 10% fewer patients and made significantly more claims for cervical cytology screening. It was also found that UK graduates made more requests for pathological tests than doctors graduating in the Indian sub-continent. A correlation was found between list size and consultation rate, though the list size only explained a relatively small part of the variation in the rates.The results have been fed back to doctors in the area and it is hoped that this will increase awareness of the patterns of work in general practice. PMID- 3448216 TI - Ethics and the pharmaceutical industry: some ideas for general practitioners. AB - This paper summarizes a report by a working party of the Royal College of Physicians on the relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. As a member of that working party, and a general practitioner, I have taken the report's points and widened the discussion to involve general practitioners in their relationship with the pharmaceutical industry. At present there are no guidelines specifically for general practitioners. Some of the problems general practitioners have found in their relationship with the pharmaceutical industry are described and some guidelines for general practitioners are suggested, which form a framework for discussion. The College would welcome feedback about the guidelines to help in the drawing up of a code of practice for general practitioners. PMID- 3448217 TI - Promotion by the drug companies--should we accept their bribes? PMID- 3448218 TI - Promotion by the drug companies--the industry replies. PMID- 3448220 TI - Caring for AIDS--GPs must act now. PMID- 3448219 TI - Post-tubal-sterilization syndrome. PMID- 3448221 TI - Screening for tuberculosis--a possible transmission route of HIV. PMID- 3448222 TI - Post-marketing surveillance of new drugs. PMID- 3448223 TI - Primary health care and community medicine: a new approach. PMID- 3448224 TI - Voluntary organizations: an underused asset. PMID- 3448225 TI - Practice nurses: social and occupational characteristics. AB - Three hundred practice nurses in the West Midlands responded to a questionnaire survey about their social and occupational characteristics. The nurses were mainly married women with children and had had considerable hospital experience. They were largely satisfied with their job and felt that their own general practitioner colleagues were supportive, though doctors in general might not be so. Large variations in patterns of work were revealed and in some cases there was a considerable extension of the traditional nursing role. Almost two-thirds of practice nurses were undertaking breast and vaginal examinations, 70% were carrying out cervical smears and a number of nurses were diagnosing, investigating and managing common ailments. Nurses expressed a desire for further extension of their role to allow them to undertake broader aspects of patient care and to be less task-centred, but felt that they would require further training to do so. There was evidence of a need for better definition of the practice nurse's role and for more support from health authorities and the nurses' own professional body. PMID- 3448226 TI - Variation in general practitioners' referral rates to consultants. AB - The variation in the number of patients general practitioners refer to hospital is a source of concern because of the costs generated and the implications for quality and quantity of care This paper compares 32 general practitioners with high referral rates with 35 doctors with low referral rates drawn from a study of 201 doctors. The mean referral rate for all 201 doctors was 6.6 per 100 consultations - for those with high referral rates the mean was 11.8 and for those with low referral rates 2.9. Differences between doctors with high and low referral rates with respect to age, sex, social class and diagnostic case mix of patients consulting were small. Doctors with high referral rates referred more patients in all categories. There were also few differences between the two groups with respect to the characteristics of the doctors themselves or their practices. The findings are discussed in the context of proposals to provide general practitioners with information on their own referral rates compared with those of other doctors. PMID- 3448227 TI - Drinking patterns in general practice patients. AB - Patients from 47 group practices recruited from the Medical Research Council's general practice research framework participated in a study involving the collection of information about smoking, drinking, exercise and dieting and weight. This paper is concerned with the data on alcohol consumption obtained in the first stage of the study in which a self-administered questionnaire, the health survey questionnaire, was distributed by hand or by post to patients registered with the participating practices.Of the 25496 men who completed the questionnaire, 83.6% stated that they had been drinking in the previous three months compared with 69.2% of the 36657 women. For both sexes, abstinence rates were significantly lower in the younger age groups (P